diff --git a/1ch/01/01.md b/1ch/01/01.md index eb90695e43..cb2b3257d6 100644 --- a/1ch/01/01.md +++ b/1ch/01/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Enosh, Kenan, Mahalalel, Jared ... Methuselah ## +# Enosh ... Kenan ... Mahalalel ... Jared ... Enoch ... Methuselah ... Lamech -These names are a list of ancestors. If your language has a specific way to mark this kind of list, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are all names of men. Each man was the father or ancestor of the next man in the list. If your language has a specific way to mark this kind of list, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Lamech. The sons of Noah + +If your readers will need to see that Noah was the son of Lamech and your language has a way to mark it, you should use it here. + +# The sons of Noah were Shem, Ham, and Japheth + +Some versions, including the ULB and UDB, include "The sons of" in order to make it clear that Shem, Ham, and Japheth were brothers to each other and sons of Noah. Otherwise, the reader would assume that each person represented one generation farther away from Noah, their ancestor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/05.md b/1ch/01/05.md index da206aa33f..da5666665b 100644 --- a/1ch/01/05.md +++ b/1ch/01/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Gomer ... Dodanim ## +# Gomer ... Magog ... Madai ... Javan ... Tubal ... Meshek ... Tiras ... Ashkenaz ... Riphath ... Togarmah ... Elishah ... Tarshish -Translate these names of people the way you would translate names in your language. These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Dodanim ## +# Kittites ... Rodanites -This name is sometimes spelled "Rodanim" as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Rodanites + +This name is sometimes spelled "Dodanites." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/08.md b/1ch/01/08.md index 13ced21f89..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/01/08.md +++ b/1ch/01/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Mizraim ... Nimrod ## +# General Information: -These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/11.md b/1ch/01/11.md index 487a1d125b..c52a2c7bdd 100644 --- a/1ch/01/11.md +++ b/1ch/01/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## from whom the Philistines came ## +# Ludites ... Anamites ... Lehabites ... Naphtuhites ... Pathrusites ... Kasluhites ... Philistines ... Caphtorites -AT: "the ancestors of the Philistines," \ No newline at end of file +names of people groups (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# from whom the Philistines came + +"the ancestors of the Philistines," \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/13.md b/1ch/01/13.md index 171fbdc145..0760eaef75 100644 --- a/1ch/01/13.md +++ b/1ch/01/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Heth ## +# Sidon -This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Arkites ... Hamathites ## +# Hittites ... Jebusites ... Amorites ... Girgashites ... Hivites ... Arkites ... Sinites ... Arvadites ... Zemarites ... Hamathites -These are names of people groups. \ No newline at end of file +names of people groups (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/17.md b/1ch/01/17.md index 0eb2f05835..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/01/17.md +++ b/1ch/01/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Arpachshad ... Joktan ## +# General Information: -These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/20.md b/1ch/01/20.md index bfeae753a6..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/01/20.md +++ b/1ch/01/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Joktan ... Jobab ## +# General Information: -These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/24.md b/1ch/01/24.md index 6c543a172b..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/01/24.md +++ b/1ch/01/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Shem ... Serug ## +# General Information: -These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/28.md b/1ch/01/28.md index 8d8b5ec169..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/01/28.md +++ b/1ch/01/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Nebaioth ... Kedemah ## +# General Information: -These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/32.md b/1ch/01/32.md index ec466b975e..c05a27fd68 100644 --- a/1ch/01/32.md +++ b/1ch/01/32.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Keturah ... Eldaah ## +# General Information: -These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +All of the names here except for Keturah are names of men. Keturah is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/34.md b/1ch/01/34.md index 82cc754b34..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/01/34.md +++ b/1ch/01/34.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Eliphaz ... Mizzah ## +# General Information: -These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/38.md b/1ch/01/38.md index acb7f8804b..790192fee0 100644 --- a/1ch/01/38.md +++ b/1ch/01/38.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Lotan ... Anah ## +# General Information: -These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +All of the names here are names of men, execpt for Timna. Timna is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/41.md b/1ch/01/41.md index 4a48e3e781..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/01/41.md +++ b/1ch/01/41.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Anah ... Aran ## +# General Information: -These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/43.md b/1ch/01/43.md index 701a2e55ab..cbae38b448 100644 --- a/1ch/01/43.md +++ b/1ch/01/43.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Bela ... Beor ... Jobab ... Zerah ... Husham ## +# Bela ... Beor ... Jobab ... Zerah ... Husham -These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Dinhabah ... Bozrah ## +# Dinhabah ... Bozrah -These are the names of places. +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his place ## +# Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his place -AT: "Husham, from the land where Teman's descendants lived, reigned after him." +"Husham, from the land where Teman's descendants lived, reigned after him." -## Temanites ## +# Temanites -This is the name of a people group. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/46.md b/1ch/01/46.md index 6c92e7e1b2..8b8cf583d3 100644 --- a/1ch/01/46.md +++ b/1ch/01/46.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Husham ... Hadad ... Bedad ... Samlah ... Shaul ## +# Husham ... Hadad ... Bedad ... Samlah ... Shaul These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Avith ... Masrekah ... Rehoboth ## +# Avith ... Masrekah ... Rehoboth -These are the names of places. - -## by the river ## - -"by the Euphrates river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/49.md b/1ch/01/49.md index 54b0ce559a..128a000700 100644 --- a/1ch/01/49.md +++ b/1ch/01/49.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Shaul ... Baal Hanan ... Achbor ... Hadar ... Mehetabel ... Matred ... Me Zahab ## +# Shaul ... Baal-Hanan ... Akbor ... Hadad ... Matred ... Me-Zahab -These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Pai ## +# Pau -This is the name of a place. +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the granddaughter of Me Zahab ## +# Mehetabel -AT: "who was the daughter of Me Zahab." \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/51.md b/1ch/01/51.md index e57775ed18..d0de8a91a3 100644 --- a/1ch/01/51.md +++ b/1ch/01/51.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Timna ... Iram ## +# General Information: -These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +All of the names here except Edom are names of men. Edom is a place name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/01/intro.md b/1ch/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..44ac7ba14c --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter gives the genealogies of Abraham, Esau and the early kings of Edom. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[1 Chronicles intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/01.md b/1ch/02/01.md index a536228779..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/02/01.md +++ b/1ch/02/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Reuben ... Asher ## +# General Information: -These are all names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/03.md b/1ch/02/03.md index fefdf6022b..06c760d0a1 100644 --- a/1ch/02/03.md +++ b/1ch/02/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# General Information: -## bore him Perez and Zerah ## +This list includes the names of both men and women names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "gave birth to Perez and Zerah" +# Er, Onan, and Shelah ... Shua ... Perez ... Zerah -## five sons ## +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "5 sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# who were born to him by Shua's daughter -## in the sight of Yahweh ## +This can be translated in active form. AT: "his sons whom Shua bore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "according to Yahweh" +# Yahweh -## Yahweh killed him ## +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -This means that Yahweh allowed Er to be killed. +# bore him Perez and Zerah -## daughter-in-law ## +"gave birth to his sons Perez and Zerah" -in-law** - This is a reference to the wife of his son. \ No newline at end of file +# in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents his judgment or evaluation. AT: "as Yahweh judged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh killed him + +The reader should understand that Yahweh probably had a person kill Er. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Tamar + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# daughter-in-law + +This is a reference to the wife of his son. + +# five sons + +"5 sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/05.md b/1ch/02/05.md index bb89c4777b..dfda12c887 100644 --- a/1ch/02/05.md +++ b/1ch/02/05.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# what was reserved for God + +what God had said he wanted the people to destroy \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/09.md b/1ch/02/09.md index 3673c95dae..4869812ec7 100644 --- a/1ch/02/09.md +++ b/1ch/02/09.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/13.md b/1ch/02/13.md index 58876783e4..6a85484dbd 100644 --- a/1ch/02/13.md +++ b/1ch/02/13.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# General Information: -## the second...the the third ## +All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "the second child...the third child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the second ... the third ... the fourth ... the fifth ... the sixth ... the seventh + +The word "son" is understood. Also, the numbers are in ordinal form. AT: "the second son ... the third son ... the fourth son ... the fifth son ... the sixth son ... the seventh son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/16.md b/1ch/02/16.md index f9fcb9d39a..772635beec 100644 --- a/1ch/02/16.md +++ b/1ch/02/16.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# General Information: -## Jether the Ishmaelite ## +All names here except Zeruiah and Abigail are the names of men. Zeruiah and Abigail are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This means that Jether was a descendant of Ishmael. \ No newline at end of file +# Jether the Ishmaelite + +"Jether, a descendant of Ishmael" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/18.md b/1ch/02/18.md index 83c997d7a9..8d5d4d2b1c 100644 --- a/1ch/02/18.md +++ b/1ch/02/18.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Caleb ... Hezron ... Jesher ... Shobab ... Ardon ... Hur ... Uri ... Bezalel -## bore him ## +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "gave birth to" \ No newline at end of file +# Azubah ... Jerioth ... Ephrath + +These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/21.md b/1ch/02/21.md index 6d8e627182..a7225f0ee7 100644 --- a/1ch/02/21.md +++ b/1ch/02/21.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +# General Information: -## bore him ## +All names in this list are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -"gave birth to" \ No newline at end of file +# bore him + +"gave birth to" + +# land of Gilead + +People gave the land the name of the man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/23.md b/1ch/02/23.md index a6738d1162..3d4d21de75 100644 --- a/1ch/02/23.md +++ b/1ch/02/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +# Geshur ... Aram -## Ephrathah ## +These are names of people groups named after ancestors. Translate "Aram" as in [1 Chronicles 1:17](../01/17.md). -This is the name of a woman. +# Havvoth Jair and Kenath -## bore him ## +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -"gave birth to" \ No newline at end of file +# Makir ... Gilead ... Hezron ... Caleb ... Ashhur ... Tekoa + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ephrathah + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# bore him + +"gave birth to his son" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/25.md b/1ch/02/25.md index 0d748feb0d..db14382737 100644 --- a/1ch/02/25.md +++ b/1ch/02/25.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# General Information: -## Atarah ## - -This is the name of a woman. \ No newline at end of file +All of the names in this list except Atarah are the names of men. Atarah is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/29.md b/1ch/02/29.md index 3673c95dae..37b2962c85 100644 --- a/1ch/02/29.md +++ b/1ch/02/29.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here except Abishur are the names of men. Abishur is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/34.md b/1ch/02/34.md index 381d9e76b6..a108c835cf 100644 --- a/1ch/02/34.md +++ b/1ch/02/34.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# General Information: -## bore him ## +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -"gave birth to" \ No newline at end of file +# bore him + +"gave birth to his son" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/36.md b/1ch/02/36.md index 3673c95dae..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/02/36.md +++ b/1ch/02/36.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/39.md b/1ch/02/39.md index 3673c95dae..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/02/39.md +++ b/1ch/02/39.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/42.md b/1ch/02/42.md index 3673c95dae..fadc700458 100644 --- a/1ch/02/42.md +++ b/1ch/02/42.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the father of Hebron ... the father of Raham, the father of Jorkeam ... the father of Shammai + +Some versions read, "the founder of the clan of Hebron ... the founder of the clan of Raham, the founder of the clan of Jorkeam ... the founder of the clan of Shammai." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/45.md b/1ch/02/45.md index 3673c95dae..292ff9da9a 100644 --- a/1ch/02/45.md +++ b/1ch/02/45.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here except Ephah are the names of men. Ephah is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/48.md b/1ch/02/48.md index 6ececb0ae5..4256f61214 100644 --- a/1ch/02/48.md +++ b/1ch/02/48.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# General Information: -## bore ## +All of the names here except Maakah and Aksah are the names of men. Maakah and Aksah are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# bore "gave birth to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/50.md b/1ch/02/50.md index 3673c95dae..d8fa455cc6 100644 --- a/1ch/02/50.md +++ b/1ch/02/50.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# Hur ... Shobal ... Salma ... Hareph + +These are all the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ephrathah + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# father of Kiriath Jearim ... father of Bethlehem ... father of Beth Gader + +These are all the names of towns. The towns are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. AT: "founder of Kiriath Jearim ... founder of Bethlehem ... founder of Beth Gader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/52.md b/1ch/02/52.md index 9d95f9090b..ccf6ed987e 100644 --- a/1ch/02/52.md +++ b/1ch/02/52.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## Menuthite, Ithrites, Puthites, Shumathites, Mishraites, Zorathites, Eshtaolites ## +# Shobal the father of Kiriath Jearim + +Shobal is the name of a man, and Kiriath Jearim is the name of a town. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 2:50](./50.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Manahathites ... Ithrites, Puthites, Shumathites ... Mishraites ... Zorathites ... Eshtaolites These are the names of clans. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/54.md b/1ch/02/54.md index 70ac3c0288..c920534e81 100644 --- a/1ch/02/54.md +++ b/1ch/02/54.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Bethlehem, Netophatities, Atroth Beth Joab, Manahatites, Zorites, Jabez, Tirathites, Shimeathites, Sucathites, Kenites, Rechabites ## +# Salma ... Hammath + +names of man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bethlehem ... Atroth Beth Joab ... Jabez + +names of towns (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Netophathites, Atroth Beth Joab ... Manahathites ... Zorites ... Tirathites, Shimeathites, and Sucathites ... Kenites ... Rekabites These are the names of clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/02/intro.md b/1ch/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eb9ace789a --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the descendants of Judah, son of Jacob. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/01.md b/1ch/03/01.md index c2dea216e7..b7182c65da 100644 --- a/1ch/03/01.md +++ b/1ch/03/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## David ## +# David -David was a son of Jesse, who was a descendant of Judah. (See: [1 Chronicles 2:13](../02/13.md)) +David was a son of Jesse, who was a descendant of Judah. (See: [1 Chronicles 2:15](../02/13.md)) -## Ahinoam...Abigail...Maacah...Haggith...Abital...Eglah ## +# Ahinoam ... Abigail ... Maakah ... Haggith ... Abital ... Eglah -These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of women, all of whom were David's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Talmai...Shephatiah...Ithream ## +# Talmai ... Shephatiah ... Ithream These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Daniel ## +# Daniel -This man has the same name as an Israelite prophet but is a different person. - -## Eglah, his wife ## - -"Eglah, David's wife." David had more than one wife. AT: "David's wife Eglah" \ No newline at end of file +This man has the same name as an Israelite prophet but is a different person. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/04.md b/1ch/03/04.md index eb710b0448..4ec02686db 100644 --- a/1ch/03/04.md +++ b/1ch/03/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## where he reigned seven years and six months ## +# where he reigned seven years and six months This can also be translated as a separate sentence: "David reigned there seven years and six months." -## thirty-three years ## +# thirty-three years -three years** - "33 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"33 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Ammiel...Shimmua...Shobab...Nathan ## +# Ammiel ... Shammua ... Shobab ... Nathan These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/06.md b/1ch/03/06.md index 875d28aefd..c79e5f7f6d 100644 --- a/1ch/03/06.md +++ b/1ch/03/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## Ibhar...Elishama...Eliphelet...Nogah...Nepheg...Japhia...Eliada ## +# General Information: -These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Elishama...Eliphelet ## - -These names are both used for two sons. \ No newline at end of file +All of the names in this list except Tamar are the names of men. Tamar is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/10.md b/1ch/03/10.md index 546ee2451b..89aa19fd1e 100644 --- a/1ch/03/10.md +++ b/1ch/03/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -This is the beginning of the list of David's descendants who became king. +# General Information: -## Solomon’s son was Rehoboam. Rehoboam's son was Abijah ## +This is the beginning of the list of David's descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -Solomon had more than one son. The same is true of other men in the list. AT: "Solomon was the father of Rehoboam. Rehoboam was the father of Abijah" \ No newline at end of file +# Solomon's son was Rehoboam. Rehoboam's son was Abijah + +Solomon had more than one son. The same is true of other men in the list. AT: "Solomon was the father of Rehoboam. Rehoboam was the father of Abijah" + +# Azariah + +This was another name for Uzziah, the better-known name for this king. Translators may decide to use "Uzziah" everywhere for this king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/13.md b/1ch/03/13.md index 49ba91e96b..c614907355 100644 --- a/1ch/03/13.md +++ b/1ch/03/13.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -This continues the list of David's descendants who became king. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](./10.md). +# General Information: -## Amon ## - -This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This continues the list of David's descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](./10.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/15.md b/1ch/03/15.md index fcd9e69c44..c614907355 100644 --- a/1ch/03/15.md +++ b/1ch/03/15.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -This continues the list of David's descendants who became king. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](./10.md). +# General Information: -## Johanan...Shallum...Jeconiah ## - -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This continues the list of David's descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](./10.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/17.md b/1ch/03/17.md index 86a7069eb8..cdd03b5bc7 100644 --- a/1ch/03/17.md +++ b/1ch/03/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Jehoiachin ## +# General Information: + +All of the names in this list are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jehoiachin Some versions have "Jeconiah," which is a variation of "Jehoiachin." -## the captive ## +# the captive -This title was given to Jehoiachin because he was taken into captivity. - -## Jehoiachin... Shealtiel, Malkirman, Pedaiah, Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah ## - -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This may be a title that was given to Jehoiachin because he was taken into captivity. However, some versions regard the word as "Assir," the name of one of his sons. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/19.md b/1ch/03/19.md index fd40cb13fb..3aadc367e0 100644 --- a/1ch/03/19.md +++ b/1ch/03/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Pedaiah...Shimei...Meshullam...Hananiah...Hashubah...Ohel...Berechiah...Hasadiah...Jushab Hesed...Pelatiah...Jeshaiah...Rephaiah...Arnan...Shecaniah ## +# General Information: -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +All of the names in this list except Shelomith are the names of men. Shelomith is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shelomith ## - -This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Obadiah ## +# Obadiah This man has the same name as the prophet Obadiah but is a different person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## further descendants were Arnan, Obadiah, and Shecaniah ## +# further descendants were Arnan, Obadiah, and Shekaniah -Different versions put these people into different relationships with each other, because the Hebrew is not very clear about them. \ No newline at end of file +Different versions put these people into different relationships with each other because the Hebrew is not very clear about them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/22.md b/1ch/03/22.md index 320534da37..6f354fec94 100644 --- a/1ch/03/22.md +++ b/1ch/03/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Shemaiah...Hattush...Igal...Bariah...Neariah...Shaphat...Elioenai...Hizkiah...Azrikam...Hodaviah...Eliashib...Pelaiah...Akkub...Johanan... Delaiah...Anani ## +# General Information: -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +All of the names in this list are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/intro.md b/1ch/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..53813206cd --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the descendants of King David. + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 3:1-3, 6-8, 10-24 because they are long lists. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/01.md b/1ch/04/01.md index bbff632fde..8cd4a96ba5 100644 --- a/1ch/04/01.md +++ b/1ch/04/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## Perez...Hezron...Carmi...Hur...Shobal...Reaiah...Jahath...Ahumai...Lahad ## +# General Information: -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## originators ## - -people who have helped something to begin - -## Zorathites ## - -This people group was named after the town of Zorah where they lived. \ No newline at end of file +All of the names in this list except the Zorathites are the names of men. Zorathites is the name of a people group who took their name from the town of Zorah where they lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/03.md b/1ch/04/03.md index ee5be0c22e..1df320a36b 100644 --- a/1ch/04/03.md +++ b/1ch/04/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Etam...Gedor...Hushah ## +# Etam ... Gedor ... Hushah These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Ishma...Idbash...Penuel...Ezer...Ephrathah ## +# Jezreel ... Ishma ... Idbash ... Peniel ... Ezer ... Hur ... Ephrathah -These are the names of men. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hazzelelponi ## +# Hazzelelponi -This is the name of a woman. +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## These were descendants of Hur ## +# These were descendants of Hur -"Penuel and Ezer were descendants of Hur" \ No newline at end of file +"Peniel and Ezer were descendants of Hur." This points forward to the list that will follow. + +# Ephrathah + +This is the name of a woman. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 2:50](../02/50.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/05.md b/1ch/04/05.md index 258f33e5f1..bb289fcc2b 100644 --- a/1ch/04/05.md +++ b/1ch/04/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Ashhur...Tekoa...Ahuzzam...Hepher...Temeni...Haahashtari... Zereth...Izhar...Ethnan...Koz...Anub...Zobebah...Aharhel...Harum ## +# Ashhur ... Tekoa + +See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 2:24](../02/23.md). + +# Ahuzzam ... Hepher ... Zereth ... Zohar ... Ethnan ... Koz ... Anub ... Hazzobebah ... Aharhel ... Harum These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Helah...Naarah ## +# Temeni ... Haahashtari -These are the names of women. +These are understood here as the names of men. However, some versions understand them as the names of clans that were begun by the sons of Ashhur. -## bore him ## +# Helah ... Naarah -AT: "gave birth to his sons" +These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and the clans descended from Aharhel son of Harum ## +# bore him -A new sentence can start here. AT: "Koz also became the ancestor of Harhum and the clans that descended from Harhum's son Aharhel" \ No newline at end of file +"gave birth to his sons" + +# and of the clans descended from Aharhel son of Harum + +A new sentence can start here. "Koz also became the ancestor of Harum and the clans that descended from Harum's son Aharhel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/09.md b/1ch/04/09.md index b4e63d4021..348c021c94 100644 --- a/1ch/04/09.md +++ b/1ch/04/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Jabez ## +# Jabez This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## extend my territory ## +# expand my territory -AT: "give me more land" +"give me more land" -## May your hand be with me ## +# your hand will be with me -Possible meanings are that God's hand represents 1) his guidance, 2) his power, or 3) his protection. AT: "Please guide me" or "Please make me prosper" or "Please protect me." It can also be translated more generally as "Please be with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Possible meanings are that God's hand is 1) a metonym for his guidance, his power, or his protection. AT: "you will guide me" or "you will make me prosper" or "you will protect me" or 2) a synecdoche for himself. AT: "you will be with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## granted him his prayer ## +# granted him his prayer -"did according to his prayer" \ No newline at end of file +The words "his prayer" are a metonym for what Jabez asked in the prayer. AT: "did what Jabez had asked him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/11.md b/1ch/04/11.md index af396a2b86..e954c8abd5 100644 --- a/1ch/04/11.md +++ b/1ch/04/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Kelub...Shuhah...Mehir...Eshton...Beth Rapha...Paseah...Tehinnah ## +# Kelub ... Shuhah ... Mehir ... Eshton ... Beth Rapha ... Paseah ... Tehinnah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Tehinnah, who began the city of Nahash ## +# Tehinnah, the father of Ir Nahash -AT: "Tehinnah, the founder of the city of Nahash" +It apprears that Ir Nahash may have been a city. AT: "Tehinnah, the founder of the city of Nahash" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Nahash ## +# Nahash ... Rekah -This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Recah ## - -This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/13.md b/1ch/04/13.md index 26fe403e8d..160d00b676 100644 --- a/1ch/04/13.md +++ b/1ch/04/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Kenaz...Othniel...Seraiah...Hathath...Meonothai...Ophrah...Joab...Jephunneh...Iru...Elah...Naam...Jehallelel...Ziph...Ziphah...Tiria...Asarel ## +# General Information: + +It may be helpful to create a verse bridge and to put verse 15 together with verse 13 since Kenaz was a descendant of Jephunneh and Caleb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# Kenaz ... Othniel ... Seraiah ... Hathath ... Meonothai ... Ophrah ... Joab ... Jephunneh ... Iru ... Elah ... Naam ... Jehallelel ... Ziph ... Ziphah ... Tiria ... Asarel These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Ge Harashim, whose people were craftsmen ## +# Ge-Harashim, whose people were craftsmen -Ge Harashim means "Valley of Craftsmen." The meaning of the name can be translated (See UDB), or it can be made explicit with an explanation. AT: "Ge Harashim, which means "Craftsmen's Valley." It was called this because it's people were craftsmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] +Ge-Harashim means "Valley of Craftsmen." This can be made explicit with an explanation. AT: "Ge-Harashim, which means 'Craftsmen's Valley.' It was called this because its people were craftsmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## craftsman ## +# craftsmen -a person who is skilled at making or building things \ No newline at end of file +people skilled at making or building things \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/17.md b/1ch/04/17.md index 1048544597..550678404b 100644 --- a/1ch/04/17.md +++ b/1ch/04/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Ezrah...Jether...Mered...Epher...Jalon...Miriam...Shammai...Ishbah...Eshtemoa...Jered...Gedor...Heber...Soco...Jekuthiel...Zanoah ## +# General Information: + +The information in [1 Chronicles 4:17-18](./17.md) has been rearranged so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# Ezrah ... Jether ... Mered ... Epher ... Jalon ... Miriam ... Shammai ... Ishbah ... Eshtemoa ... Jered ... Gedor ... Heber ... Soko ... Jekuthiel ... Zanoah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## These were the sons of Bithiah ## +# These were the sons of Bithiah -The word "these" refers to Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah. They were the sons Bithiah bore for her husband Mered. +The word "these" refers to Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah. They were the sons Bithiah bore for her husband Mered. -## Bithiah ## +# Bithiah This is the name of a woman. -## Mered's Jewish wife ## +# Mered's Judahite wife -The Hebrew text says, "His Jewish wife," but most versions understand "his" to refer to Mered. \ No newline at end of file +The Hebrew text says, "His Judahite wife," but most versions understand "his" to refer to Mered. This refers to a different wife of Mered, in addition to Bithiah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/19.md b/1ch/04/19.md index 78aa2bc3a8..41c13e0de9 100644 --- a/1ch/04/19.md +++ b/1ch/04/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Hodiah...Naham...Keilah...Eshtemoa...Shimon...Amnon...Rinnah...Ben Hanan...Tilon...Ishi...Zoheth...Ben Zoheth ## +# Hodiah ... Naham ... Keilah ... Eshtemoa ... Shimon ... Amnon ... Rinnah ... Ben-Hanan ... Tilon ... Ishi ... Zoheth ... Ben-Zoheth These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Garmite ## +# Garmite someone from the Gar people group (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Maacathite ## +# Maakathite someone from the region of Maacah, which is also called Maacath (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/21.md b/1ch/04/21.md index 4a69044ea4..d1eb046bd5 100644 --- a/1ch/04/21.md +++ b/1ch/04/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Shelah…Er…Lecah…Laadah…Mareshah…Jokim…Joash…Saraph ## +# Shelah ... Er ... Laadah ... Jokim ... Joash ... Saraph These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## originator ## - -a person who began something (in this case, a series of families) - -## linen ## +# linen a type of fabric -## potters ## +# potters people who make containers out of clay -## Beth Ashbea … Cozeba … Netaim … Gederah ## +# Lekah ... Mareshah ... Beth Ashbea ... Kozeba ... Jashubi Lehem ... Netaim ... Gederah -These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/24.md b/1ch/04/24.md index aada0c4213..47c04eff0a 100644 --- a/1ch/04/24.md +++ b/1ch/04/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Nemuel...Jamin...Jarib...Zerah...Shaul...Shallum...Mibsam...Mishma...Hammuel...Zaccur...Shimei ## +# Nemuel ... Jamin ... Jarib ... Zerah ... Shaul ... Shallum ... Mibsam ... Mishma ... Hammuel ... Zakkur ... Shimei -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and Mishma Mibsam's son ## +# grandson -The word "was" is understood from similar statements prior to this one. AT: "and Mishma was Mibsam's son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +the son of a person's child -## grandson ## +# great-grandson -the son of a person's child. - -## great-grandson ## - -grandson** - the son of a person's grandson or granddaughter. \ No newline at end of file +the son of a person's grandson or granddaughter \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/27.md b/1ch/04/27.md index 58fc18d4e2..f7a9ca4136 100644 --- a/1ch/04/27.md +++ b/1ch/04/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## sixteen sons and six daughters ## +# sixteen sons and six daughters "16 sons and 6 daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Moladah...Hazar Shual ## +# Moladah ... Hazar Shual These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/29.md b/1ch/04/29.md index c11900f8e4..92262a040c 100644 --- a/1ch/04/29.md +++ b/1ch/04/29.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + The list of the cities where Simeon's descendants lived continues. -## Bilhah...Ezem..Tolad...Bethuel...Hormah...Ziklag...Beth Marcaboth...Hazar Susim...Beth Biri...Shaaraim ## +# Bilhah ... Ezem ... Tolad ... Bethuel ... Hormah ... Ziklag ... Beth Markaboth ... Hazar Susim ... Beth Biri ... Shaaraim -These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/32.md b/1ch/04/32.md index 02911a5238..afba5f799c 100644 --- a/1ch/04/32.md +++ b/1ch/04/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The list of places where Simeon's descendants lived continues. -## Etam...Ain...Rimmon...Tochen...Ashan ## +# Etam ... Ain ... Rimmon ... Token ... Ashan These are the names of villages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## outlying ## +# outlying far from a main population -## Baal ## +# Baalath -This is the name of a city. It is also called Baalath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/34.md b/1ch/04/34.md index 3183ed01ca..094bb2ec56 100644 --- a/1ch/04/34.md +++ b/1ch/04/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Meshobab...Jamlech...Joshah...Amaziah...Joel...Joshibiah...Seraiah...Asiel...Elioenai...Jaakobah...Jeshohaiah...Asaiah...Adiel...Jesimiel...Benaiah...Ziza...Shiphi...Allon...Jedaiah...Shimri...Shemaiah ## +# Meshobab ... Jamlech ... Joshah ... Amaziah ... Joel ... Jehu ... Joshibiah ... Seraiah ... Asiel ... Elioenai ... Jaakobah ... Jeshohaiah ... Asaiah ... Adiel ... Jesimiel ... Benaiah ... Ziza ... Shiphi ... Allon ... Jedaiah ... Shimri ... Shemaiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## These mentioned by name were leaders ## +# These mentioned by name were leaders -AT: "These men were leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"These men were leaders" -## their clans increased greatly ## +# their clans increased greatly -AT: "the number of people in their clans increased greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The clan is a metonym for the people in the clan. AT: "the number of people in their clans increased greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/39.md b/1ch/04/39.md index ef9abdaa5f..f2e1536e11 100644 --- a/1ch/04/39.md +++ b/1ch/04/39.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## They went to just outside of Gedor ## - -AT: "They went near Gedor" - -## Gedor ## +# Gedor This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## pasture ## +# pasture an area of land where animals feed on the grass -## abundant ## +# abundant and good pasture -a large amount +"pastures with much good food for their animals" -## Hamites ## +# Hamites -descendants of Ham +a people group, descendants of Ham -## Meunites ## +# Meunites -This is the name of a people group. AT: "descendants of Meun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +a people group. AT: "descendants of Meun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/42.md b/1ch/04/42.md index ee00243244..df967c38cf 100644 --- a/1ch/04/42.md +++ b/1ch/04/42.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Five hundred men ## +# five hundred men "500 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Pelatiah...Neariah...Rephaiah...Uzziel...Ishi ## +# Pelatiah ... Neariah ... Rephaiah ... Uzziel ... Ishi -These are names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the rest of the Amalekite refugees ## +# the rest of the Amalekite refugees "the remaining Amalekite refugees" -## refugees ## +# refugees people who are forced to leave their home country -## to this day ## +# to this day -AT: "from then until now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"from then until now." This refers to the day when the author was writing this account. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/intro.md b/1ch/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2e60debc4b --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the other descendants of Judah. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/01.md b/1ch/05/01.md index 0e73131a61..91268ae95e 100644 --- a/1ch/05/01.md +++ b/1ch/05/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## now Reuben ## +# now Reuben The word "now" is used here to mark the change from the lists of descendants to background information about Reuben. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## but his birthright was given to the sons of Joseph son of Israel ## +# but his birthright was given to the sons of Joseph son of Israel -AT: "but Israel gave Reuben's birthright to the sons of Joseph, another of Israel's sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but Israel gave Reuben's birthright to the sons of Joseph, another of Israel's sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Reuben had defiled his father’s couch ## +# Reuben had defiled his father's couch -This is a polite way to speak about Reuben sleeping with father's secondary wife. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) The couch is the place where a man and his wife would have slept together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is a polite way to speak about Reuben sleeping with his father's secondary wife. The couch is the place where a man and his wife would have slept together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## So he is not recorded as being the oldest ## +# So he is not recorded as being the oldest son -AT: "So the family history does not list Reuben as the oldest son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So the family history does not list Reuben as the oldest son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Hanoch...Pallu...Hezron...Carmi ## +# Hanok ... Pallu ... Hezron ... Karmi These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/04.md b/1ch/05/04.md index 9759a078e3..d1bac3433a 100644 --- a/1ch/05/04.md +++ b/1ch/05/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## Joel...Shemaiah...Gog...Shimei...Micah...Reaiah...Baal...Beerah...Tilgath Pilneser...Beerah ## +# Joel ... Shemaiah ... Gog ... Shimei ... Micah ... Reaiah ... Baal ... Beerah ... Tiglath-Pileser -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Tilgath Pilneser ## - -This name is also written as Tiglath Pileser in other parts of the Bible. \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/07.md b/1ch/05/07.md index 11ccc64a49..d20f1a20aa 100644 --- a/1ch/05/07.md +++ b/1ch/05/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## listed in their genealogical records ## +# listed in their genealogical records This can start a new sentence: "Their genealogical records list them as" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## genealogical record ## +# genealogical records -a record that shows how people in a family are related to each other +records that show how people in a family are related to each other -## Jeiel...Zechariah...Bela...Azaz...Shema ## +# Jeiel ... Zechariah ... Bela ... Azaz ... Shema These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Aroer...Nebo...Baal Meon ## +# Aroer ... Nebo ... Baal Meon -These are the names of cities. \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/10.md b/1ch/05/10.md index 9f718e62b7..79ed56fe49 100644 --- a/1ch/05/10.md +++ b/1ch/05/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the Hagrites ## +# the Hagrites -This is a name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# lived in the Hagrites' tents + +The tents are a synecdoche for the land and the buildings on the land. AT: "took over all the Hagrites' land and buildings" or "they lived in all the Hagrite territory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/11.md b/1ch/05/11.md index 2eaca923d6..853235af40 100644 --- a/1ch/05/11.md +++ b/1ch/05/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Salecah ## +# Salekah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Joel...Shapham...Janai...Shaphat...Michael...Meshullam...Sheba...Jorai...Jacan...Zia...Eber ## +# Joel ... Shapham ... Janai ... Shaphat ... Michael ... Meshullam ... Sheba ... Jorai ... Jakan ... Zia ... Eber These are the names of men. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/14.md b/1ch/05/14.md index c792e64126..295cc9d03a 100644 --- a/1ch/05/14.md +++ b/1ch/05/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## aforementioned ## - -mentioned before - -## Abihail...Huri...Jaroah...Gilead...Michael...Jeshishai...Jahdo...Buz...Ahi...Abdiel...Guni ## +# Abihail ... Huri ... Jaroah ... Gilead ... Michael ... Jeshishai ... Jahdo ... Buz ... Ahi ... Abdiel ... Guni These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/16.md b/1ch/05/16.md index bd65784d19..8069194396 100644 --- a/1ch/05/16.md +++ b/1ch/05/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## They lived ## +# They lived -AT: "The tribe of Gad lived" +"The tribe of Gad lived" -## pasturelands ## +# pasturelands areas of land where animals feed on grass -## All these were listed by genealogical records ## +# All these were listed by genealogical records -AT: "Genealogical records listed them all" or "The records of their family's ancestry listed them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Genealogical records listed them all" or "The records of their family's ancestry listed them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All these + +It is not clear how many of the preceding people this refers to. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/18.md b/1ch/05/18.md index 20f32f0ff3..206d6aa60f 100644 --- a/1ch/05/18.md +++ b/1ch/05/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Reubenites ## +# Reubenites This refers to the people from the tribe of Rueben. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gadites ## +# Gadites This refers to the people from the tribe of Gad. -## forty-four thousand soldiers ## +# 44,760 soldiers -four thousand soldiers** - "44,000 soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"forty-four thousand seven hundred and sixty soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## who carried shield and sword, and who drew the bow ## +# who carried shield and sword, and who drew the bow -The soldiers are described as skilled in warfare by the weapons they carried. AT: "They were all trained to fight well in battles." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]][[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] ) +The soldiers are described as skilled in warfare by the weapons they carried. AT: "who were all trained to fight well in battles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Hagrites…Jetur…Naphish…Nodab ## +# Hagrites ... Jetur ... Naphish ... Nodab -These are the names people groups. \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of people groups. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/20.md b/1ch/05/20.md index c7226d21a4..0485fced92 100644 --- a/1ch/05/20.md +++ b/1ch/05/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## the Israelites cried out to God ## +# the Israelites cried out to God -AT: "the Israelites passionately prayed to God for help" +"the Israelites prayed to God for help" -## They captured their ## +# They captured their animals -AT: "The Israelites captured the Hagrites" +"The Israelites captured the Hagrites' animals" -## fifty thousand camels ## +# fifty thousand camels "50,000 camels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## two thousand donkeys ## +# 250,000 sheep -"2,000 donkeys" +"two hundred and fifty thousand sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Because God fought for them ## +# two thousand donkeys -God's help in battle is described like a soldier who fought in the battle. AT: "Because God helped them" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] ) \ No newline at end of file +"2,000 donkeys" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 100,000 men + +"one hundred thousand men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the battle was from God + +God's help in battle is described as if he were the one who caused the battle. AT: "Because God helped them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/23.md b/1ch/05/23.md index 99679e62fd..28f63c3f01 100644 --- a/1ch/05/23.md +++ b/1ch/05/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Baal Hermon...Senir ## +# Baal Hermon ... Senir These are the names of mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Epher...Ishi...Eliel...Azriel...Jeremiah...Hodaviah...Jahdiel ## +# Epher ... Ishi ... Eliel ... Azriel ... Jeremiah ... Hodaviah ... Jahdiel -These are the names of men. \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# fathers' houses + +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/25.md b/1ch/05/25.md index 40d8154bb0..7d47b67969 100644 --- a/1ch/05/25.md +++ b/1ch/05/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Pul...Tilgath Pileser ## +# Pul ... Tiglath-Pileser These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Reubenites...Gadites ## +# Reubenites ... Gadites -These are the names of people groups. +These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Halah...Habor...Hara ## +# Halah ... Habor ... Hara -These are names of towns. +These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gozan ## +# Gozan -This is the name of a river. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/05/intro.md b/1ch/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..55d3379df8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the descendants of Jacob's sons who lived east of the Jordan River: Reuben, Gad and Manasseh. + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 5:4-10, 14 because they are long lists. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/01.md b/1ch/06/01.md index 8a605aed96..0176c0c973 100644 --- a/1ch/06/01.md +++ b/1ch/06/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Gershon...Kohath...Merari...Amram...Izhar...Hebron...Uzziel...Nadab...Abihu...Eleazar...Ithamar ## +# Gershon ... Kohath ... Merari ... Amram ... Izhar ... Hebron ... Uzziel ... Nadab ... Abihu ... Eleazar ... Ithamar These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/04.md b/1ch/06/04.md index 358b8bb463..9b4dee80a6 100644 --- a/1ch/06/04.md +++ b/1ch/06/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Eleazar...Abishua...Bukki...Uzzi...Zerahiah...Meraioth ## +# Eleazar ... Abishua ... Bukki ... Uzzi ... Zerahiah ... Meraioth These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/07.md b/1ch/06/07.md index fb6e429c3e..5bc0211bc7 100644 --- a/1ch/06/07.md +++ b/1ch/06/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Meraioth...Amariah...Ahitub...Zadok...Ahimaaz...Johanan ## +# Meraioth ... Amariah ... Ahitub ... Zadok ... Ahimaaz ... Johanan -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/10.md b/1ch/06/10.md index f6e4cc7c15..989575e281 100644 --- a/1ch/06/10.md +++ b/1ch/06/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Amariah...Ahitub...Zadok...Shallum ## +# Amariah ... Ahitub ... Zadok ... Shallum -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Solomon built + +The reader should understand that Solomon probably hired workers to do the work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/13.md b/1ch/06/13.md index 8f35c5a186..32b22938ff 100644 --- a/1ch/06/13.md +++ b/1ch/06/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Hilkiah…Seraiah…Jehozadak ## +# Hilkiah ... Seraiah ... Jozadak These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## exiled Judah and Jerusalem by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar ## +# exiled Judah and Jerusalem by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar -The power Nebuchadnezzar has through his army is described as the part of his body ("hand") he uses to direct his army. AT: "allowed Nebuchadnezzar's army to defeat the armies of Judah and Jerusalem and take the people into captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The power Nebuchadnezzar has through his army is described as the part of his body ("hand") he uses to direct his army. AT: "allowed Nebuchadnezzar's army to defeat the armies of Judah and Jerusalem and take the people into captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/16.md b/1ch/06/16.md index d1d5ab1476..a82c9bb4eb 100644 --- a/1ch/06/16.md +++ b/1ch/06/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Gershon...Kohath...Merari ## +# Gershon ... Kohath ... Merari -See how you translated these names in [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). +Translate the names of these men as in [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). -## Libni...Shimei ## +# Libni ... Shimei These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Amram...Izhar...Hebron...Uzziel ## +# Amram ... Izhar ... Hebron ... Uzziel -See how you translated these names in [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +Translate the names of these men as in [1 Chronicles 6:2](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/19.md b/1ch/06/19.md index b31aa86562..54ca1b32c9 100644 --- a/1ch/06/19.md +++ b/1ch/06/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Merari...Mahli...Mushi... Jahath... Zimmah... Joah... Iddo... Zerah...Jeatherai ## +# Merari ... Mahli ... Mushi ... Libni ... Jahath ... Zimmah ... Joah ... Iddo ... Zerah ... Jeatherai These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/22.md b/1ch/06/22.md index 2d82ef111f..bd24cfe3c7 100644 --- a/1ch/06/22.md +++ b/1ch/06/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Amminadab... Korah...Assir...Elkanah...Ebiasaph...Tahath...Uriel...Uzziah...Shaul ## +# Amminadab ... Korah ... Assir ... Elkanah ... Ebiasaph ... Tahath ... Uriel ... Uzziah ... Shaul These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/25.md b/1ch/06/25.md index d52d77c7a8..c0ba86040f 100644 --- a/1ch/06/25.md +++ b/1ch/06/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Elkanah...Amasai... Ahimoth... Zophai... Nahath... Eliab... Jeroham ## +# Elkanah ... Amasai ... Ahimoth ... Zophai ... Nahath ... Eliab ... Jeroham These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/28.md b/1ch/06/28.md index 74a94c6439..d16f1eab70 100644 --- a/1ch/06/28.md +++ b/1ch/06/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Joel...Merari...Mahli...Libni...Shimei...Uzzah...Shimea...Haggiah...Asaiah ## +# Joel ... Merari ... Mahli ... Libni ... Shimei ... Uzzah ... Shimea ... Haggiah ... Asaiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## "secondborn ## +# second-born -"son born next" \ No newline at end of file +the second son \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/31.md b/1ch/06/31.md index 82b0998e75..20e1c8a48f 100644 --- a/1ch/06/31.md +++ b/1ch/06/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the ark came to rest there ## +# the house of Yahweh + +"where people met with Yahweh" This was a tent in David's time. + +# the ark came to rest there "the people of Israel placed the ark there" -## the tabernacle, tent of meeting ## +# the tabernacle, the tent of meeting -These are both different names for the same thing. Both names are used to be more specific. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Possible meanings are 1) that "the tent of meeting" and "the tabernacle" are two names for the same thing or 2) the tabernacle is part of the tent of meeting, "the sanctuary of the tent of meeting" -## They fulfilled their duties following the instructions given to them ## +# They fulfilled their duties -AT: "The singers obeyed David's instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"They did their work" or "They did their various kinds of work" + +# according to the instructions given to them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "according to the instructions that David gave them" or "according to the instructions they received" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/33.md b/1ch/06/33.md index 1bf22471f4..ff8e8c8bf2 100644 --- a/1ch/06/33.md +++ b/1ch/06/33.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## These were those ## +# These were those -AT: "These were the musicians" +"These were the musicians" -## Kohathites ## +# Kohathites -This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a people group, the descendants of Kohath ([1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## going back in time ## +# going back in time This means the list is going in order from the most recent to the oldest. -## Heman... Jeroham...Eliel...Toa...Zuph...Mahath ## +# Heman ... Jeroham ... Eliel ... Toah ... Zuph ... Mahath -These are the names of men. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Elkanath...Amasai ## +# Elkanah ... Amasai See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 6:25](./25.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/36.md b/1ch/06/36.md index 90df75d730..0c4bb66bfc 100644 --- a/1ch/06/36.md +++ b/1ch/06/36.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Tahath... Assir...Ebiasaph... Izhar...Kohath ## +# Tahath ... Assir ... Ebiasaph ... Izhar ... Kohath -These are names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/39.md b/1ch/06/39.md index 63ffdebd2c..fe262fe9d5 100644 --- a/1ch/06/39.md +++ b/1ch/06/39.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Berechiah...Shimea... Michael...Baaseiah...Malchijah...Ethni...Zerah...Adaiah...Ethan...Zimmah...Shimei...Jahath... Gershom ## - -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## colleague ## +# colleague "fellow worker" -## who stood at his right hand ## +# who stood at his right hand -The authority of a person is described by where they stand. The right side of a person is the place where the person with the most authority stood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The authority of a person is described by where they stand. The right side of a person is the place where the person with the most authority stands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Berekiah ... Shimea ... Michael ... Baaseiah ... Malkijah ... Ethni ... Zerah ... Adaiah ... Ethan ... Zimmah ... Shimei ... Jahath ... Gershon + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/44.md b/1ch/06/44.md index ef3701cad3..198b6069a8 100644 --- a/1ch/06/44.md +++ b/1ch/06/44.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## At Heman's left hand ## +# At Heman's left hand -AT: "Standing on Heman's left side" +"Standing on Heman's left side" -## colleagues ## +# colleagues -"fellow workers" \ No newline at end of file +"fellow workers" + +# Heman ... Ethan + +See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 2:6](../02/05.md). + +# Kishi ... Abdi ... Malluk ... Hashabiah ... Amaziah ... Hilkiah ... Amzi ... Bani ... Shemer + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mahli ... Mushi + +See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 6:19](./19.md). + +# Merari + +See how you translated the name of this man in [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/48.md b/1ch/06/48.md index cda8ad507e..50e6abbc7a 100644 --- a/1ch/06/48.md +++ b/1ch/06/48.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Their associates, the Levites, were assigned to do ## +# Their associates, the Levites, were assigned to do -AT: "It was the duty of their fellow workers, the Levites, to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "God had assigned their associates, the Levites, to do" or "It was the duty of their fellow workers, the Levites, to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/49.md b/1ch/06/49.md deleted file mode 100644 index fb1c7ea88d..0000000000 --- a/1ch/06/49.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -## All of these were to make atonement for Israel ## - -AT: "All of these offerings were to make atonement for the people of Israel's sins" - -## followed everything ## - -AT: "obeyed the instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/50.md b/1ch/06/50.md index a42066265d..747e5195d3 100644 --- a/1ch/06/50.md +++ b/1ch/06/50.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# General Information: -## Aaron's descendants are reckoned as follows ## +All of the names in this list are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "These were the descendants of Aaron" \ No newline at end of file +# Aaron's descendants are reckoned as follows + +"These were the descendants of Aaron" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/54.md b/1ch/06/54.md index d1030fc078..851ff82650 100644 --- a/1ch/06/54.md +++ b/1ch/06/54.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## Following were the places assigned to Aaron's descendants. For the clans of the Kohathites (theirs was the first assigned by throwing lots) ## +# These are the locations where Aaron's descendents were assigned to live -AT: "These are the places where Aaron's descendants, the clans of the Kohathites, lived (lots were cast to determine where they would live)" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "These are the places where God assigned Aaron's descendants to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Kohathites ## +# for the descendants of Aaron ... Kohathites + +"where the descendants of Aaron ... Kohathites were to live" + +# Kohathites (the first lot was theirs) + +The Israelites drew lots to decide where people would live. AT: "Kohathites. The first lot that they drew was theirs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Kohathites See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 6:33](./33.md). -## They were assigned Hebron ## +# To them they gave Hebron -AT: "They went to live in Hebron" +"They gave Hebron to the Kohathites" -## But the fields of the city, and the surrounding villages were given Caleb son of Jephunneh ## +# pasturelands -AT: "Caleb and his family went to live in the fields of Hebron and the surrounding villages" - -## pasturelands ## - -This is a grassy land where animals eat. \ No newline at end of file +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/57.md b/1ch/06/57.md index 55d9c3fbd5..4009584ae0 100644 --- a/1ch/06/57.md +++ b/1ch/06/57.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## These descendants of Aaron were given Hebron ## +# Hebron ... Libnah ... Jattir ... Eshtemoa ... Hilen ... Debir -AT: "These descendants of Aaron lived in Hebron as their inheritance." \ No newline at end of file +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pasturelands + +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/59.md b/1ch/06/59.md index 29e1d82ead..5c80341079 100644 --- a/1ch/06/59.md +++ b/1ch/06/59.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## These descendants of Aaron were also given Ashan ## +# Ashan ... Beth Shemesh ... Geba ... Alemeth ... Anathoth -AT: "Descendants of Aaron also lived in Ashan as the portion where God wanted them to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +All of the names in this list are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Kohathites ## +# pasturelands -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 6:33](./33.md). +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). -## thirteen cities in all ## +# All their cities numbered thirteen -AT: "a total of 13 cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"They had a total of 13 cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/61.md b/1ch/06/61.md index d27545277d..0499f26735 100644 --- a/1ch/06/61.md +++ b/1ch/06/61.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## To the rest of Kohath's descendants were given by lot ten cities ## +# To Gershon's descendants in their various clans were given thirteen cities -AT: "The rest of Kohath's descendants gained control of 10 cities when the lots were cast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"The clans of Gershon's descendants gained 13 cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Gershom's descendants in their various clans were given thirteen cities ## +# Kohath ... Gershon -AT: "The clans of Gershom's descendants gained 13 cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] - -## Kohath ... Gorsham ## - -See how you translated these in [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/63.md b/1ch/06/63.md index fe7fe2aac5..15c4e7b52b 100644 --- a/1ch/06/63.md +++ b/1ch/06/63.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## To Merari's descendants were given twelve cities by lot in their various clans ## +# Merari -AT: "The clans of Merari's descendants gained 12 cities by casting lots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +See how you translated this man's name as [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). -## Merari ## +# pasturelands -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). -## the towns mentioned earlier from ## +# the towns mentioned earlier -AT: "those towns from" \ No newline at end of file +The towns mentioned in [1 Chronicles 6:55](./54.md) and [1 Chronicles 6:60](./59.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/66.md b/1ch/06/66.md index 7ec8a9994a..aa0eaa801a 100644 --- a/1ch/06/66.md +++ b/1ch/06/66.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## Kohathite ## +# Kohathite -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 6:33](./33.md). +See how you translated this family name in [1 Chronicles 6:33](./33.md). -## were given cities ## +# Shechem ... Gezer ... Jokmeam ... Beth Horon ... Aijalon ... Gath Rimmon -AT: "gained cities" or "received cities as the place where God wanted them to live" See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pasturelands + +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/70.md b/1ch/06/70.md index 3e391e1365..71af23bc9e 100644 --- a/1ch/06/70.md +++ b/1ch/06/70.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## From the half tribe of Manasseh were given Aner with its pasturelands, and Bileam with its pasturelands. These became the possessions of the rest of the Kohathite clans ## +# Aner ... Bileam -AT: "The Kohathite clans received Aner with its pasturelands and Bileam with its pasturelands from the half tribe of Manasseh" \ No newline at end of file +These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pasturelands + +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/71.md b/1ch/06/71.md index 487d993807..040af2dff4 100644 --- a/1ch/06/71.md +++ b/1ch/06/71.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## To Gershon's descendants were given ## +# Gershon -AT: "Gershon's descendants received" +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). -## Gershon ## +# Golan ... Ashtaroth ... Kedesh ... Daberath ... Ramoth ... Anem -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pasturelands + +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/74.md b/1ch/06/74.md index 3673c95dae..1403fe35d9 100644 --- a/1ch/06/74.md +++ b/1ch/06/74.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] + +# Mashal ... Abdon ... Hukok ... Rehob ... Kedesh ... Hammon ... Kiriathaim + +These are all names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pasturelands + +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/77.md b/1ch/06/77.md index c0ec068999..813601c9b7 100644 --- a/1ch/06/77.md +++ b/1ch/06/77.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## Merari ## +# The rest ... descendants received from the tribe of Zebulun -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The tribe of Zebulun gave the rest ... descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## were given from the tribe ## +# Merari's -AT: "gained from the tribe" or "received from the tribe" +Translate "Merari" as in [1 Chronicles 6:1](./01.md). -## To them were also given ## +# Rimmono ... and Tabor ... Bezer ... Jahzah ... Kedemoth ... Mephaath -AT: "They also gained" \ No newline at end of file +These are all names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pasturelands + +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). + +# and from the tribe of Reuben + +The information in [1 Chronicles 6:78-79](./77.md) has been rearranged so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# from the tribe of Reuben + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the tribe of Reuben gave these" or "they also received these from the tribe of Reuben" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/80.md b/1ch/06/80.md index 3673c95dae..c48b4bc769 100644 --- a/1ch/06/80.md +++ b/1ch/06/80.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] + +# Ramoth ... Mahanaim ... Heshbon ... Jazer + +These are all names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pasturelands + +grassy land where animals eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/06/intro.md b/1ch/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..944aa640bf --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the descendants of Levi. + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 6:20-30, 33-47, 50-53 because they are long lists. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/01.md b/1ch/07/01.md index cfcc838549..9aa35bb0a7 100644 --- a/1ch/07/01.md +++ b/1ch/07/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# General Information: -## originators ## +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -"fathers" or "founders" +# heads of their fathers' houses -## They numbered 22,600 ## +The words "father's houses" refers to extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans." -"There were twenty two thousand six hundred men" +# They numbered 22,600 -## in David's time ## +"They numbered twenty-two thousand six hundred" or "There were 22,600 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -AT: "during David's life" \ No newline at end of file +# in the days of David + +"during David's life" or "while David was alive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/04.md b/1ch/07/04.md index b507eb76ab..df5f65002c 100644 --- a/1ch/07/04.md +++ b/1ch/07/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Along with them they had ## +# Along with them they had -AT: "Among them were" +Another possible meaning is "Among them were." -## 36,000 troops for battle ## +# thirty-six thousand troops for battle -"thirty six thousand soldiers who were ready for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"36,000 soldiers who were ready for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# eighty-seven thousand fighting men + +"87,000 fighting men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/06.md b/1ch/07/06.md index 79f73308e0..edd7286fec 100644 --- a/1ch/07/06.md +++ b/1ch/07/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# General Information: -## originators ## +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -"fathers" or "ancestors" \ No newline at end of file +# 22,034 fighting men + +"twenty-two thousand and thirty-four" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# fathers' houses + +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/08.md b/1ch/07/08.md index b33b4c6452..7705b70954 100644 --- a/1ch/07/08.md +++ b/1ch/07/08.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 20,200 heads of their fathers' houses + +"twenty thousand two hundred family leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/11.md b/1ch/07/11.md index 2d655b270d..539b86c2f9 100644 --- a/1ch/07/11.md +++ b/1ch/07/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Jediael ... Ir ... Aher ## +# Jediael ... Ir ... Aher These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Listed in their clan lists were 17,200 ## +# Listed in their clan lists were 17,200 -AT: "The clan lists contained seventeen thousand two hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"The clan lists contained 17,200" -## Shuppim... Huppim ... Hushim ## +# 17,200 heads of houses -These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"seventeen thousand two hundred heads of houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Shuppites ... Huppites ... Hushites + +These are names of clans of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/13.md b/1ch/07/13.md index 913ccf3bdb..27d3af787b 100644 --- a/1ch/07/13.md +++ b/1ch/07/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Jahziel, Guni, Jezer, and Shallum ## +# Jahziel, Guni, Jezer, and Shillem These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Bilhah's grandsons ## +# Bilhah's grandsons -AT: "the sons of Bilhah's son" \ No newline at end of file +"the sons of Bilhah's son." Bilhah is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/14.md b/1ch/07/14.md index 5b2d20487c..094d04caf7 100644 --- a/1ch/07/14.md +++ b/1ch/07/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## Aramite ## +# Asriel, ... Zelophehad ... Peresh ... Sheresh ... Ulam ... Rakem -This refers to a person from Aram, a region of Syria. +These are all the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Aramite concubine bore ## +# Makir, Gilead's father -AT: "Aramite concubine gave birth to" \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. See how you translated "Makir, father of Gilead" in [1 Chronicles 2:21](../02/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Aramean concubine bore + +"Aramean concubine gave birth to" + +# Huppites ... Shuppites + +See how you translated these names in [1 Chronicles 7:12](./11.md). + +# Maakah + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/17.md b/1ch/07/17.md index 3673c95dae..bb95f2964f 100644 --- a/1ch/07/17.md +++ b/1ch/07/17.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here except Hammoleketh are the names of men. Hammoleketh is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/20.md b/1ch/07/20.md index a0150e50fa..3afcc7bd74 100644 --- a/1ch/07/20.md +++ b/1ch/07/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# General Information: -## Ezer and Elead were killed by men of Gath, natives in the land ## +All of the names here except Gath are the names of men. Gath is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "Men of Gath, the natives in the land, killed Ezer and Elead" +# Ezer and Elead were killed by men of Gath, natives in the land -## they went to steal their cattle ## +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Men of Gath, the natives in the land, killed Ezer and Elead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "the brothers went to steal the cattle from the people of Gath" \ No newline at end of file +# they went to steal their cattle + +"the brothers went to steal the cattle from the people of Gath" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/23.md b/1ch/07/23.md index 9695d7e9f0..de71f29f83 100644 --- a/1ch/07/23.md +++ b/1ch/07/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## she conceived and bore a son ## +# She conceived and bore a son -AT: "she became pregnant and gave birth to a son" +"She became pregnant and gave birth to a son" -## called him ## +# called him -AT: "named him" +"named him" -## Beriah ... Sheerah ## +# Beriah -These are names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Upper Beth Horon and Uzzen Sheerah ## +# Sheerah -These are the names of places. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Upper Beth Horon and Uzzen Sheerah + +These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/25.md b/1ch/07/25.md index 3673c95dae..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/07/25.md +++ b/1ch/07/25.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/28.md b/1ch/07/28.md index b2f97664b5..12a68415cd 100644 --- a/1ch/07/28.md +++ b/1ch/07/28.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Their possessions and residences were Bethel ... villages -## residences were ## +The abstract nouns "possessions" and "residences" can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "They possessed and resided in Bethel ... villages" or "They owned and lived in Bethel ... villages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -AT: "homes were in" +# Bethel ... Dor -## It was in these towns where there lived the descendants of Joseph son of Israel ## +All of the names listed here are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "The descendants of Joseph, son of Israel, lived in these towns" \ No newline at end of file +# In these towns the descendants of Joseph son of Israel lived + +"The descendants of Joseph, son of Israel, lived in these towns" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/30.md b/1ch/07/30.md index 3673c95dae..66b094598d 100644 --- a/1ch/07/30.md +++ b/1ch/07/30.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here except Serah and Shua are the names of men. Serah and Shua are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/33.md b/1ch/07/33.md index 3673c95dae..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/07/33.md +++ b/1ch/07/33.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/36.md b/1ch/07/36.md index 3673c95dae..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/07/36.md +++ b/1ch/07/36.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/39.md b/1ch/07/39.md index e2c0e6c3c0..8c2858d1b0 100644 --- a/1ch/07/39.md +++ b/1ch/07/39.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# General Information: -## orgininators ## +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -"fathers" or "founders" - -## distinguished men ## +# distinguished men "important men" -## There were 26,000 men listed fit for military service, according to their enumerated lists ## +# fathers' houses -AT: "According to the clan records, there were twenty six thousand men able to serve in the military" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" + +# There were twenty-six thousand men listed who were fit for military service, according to their numbered lists + +"According to the clan records, there were 26,000 men who were able to serve in the military" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/07/intro.md b/1ch/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..32e1741354 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the descendants of Issachar, Benjamin, Ephraim, Asher, and Manasseh living west of the Jordan River. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/01.md b/1ch/08/01.md index 6c49c1804d..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/08/01.md +++ b/1ch/08/01.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/06.md b/1ch/08/06.md index 6a8add7044..224af7eaf6 100644 --- a/1ch/08/06.md +++ b/1ch/08/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# General Information: -## were compelled to move ## +All of the names here except Geba and Manahath are the names of men. Geba and Manahath are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# fathers' houses + +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" + +# were compelled to move "needed to move" or "had to move" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/08.md b/1ch/08/08.md index 4ff3378bad..090b583685 100644 --- a/1ch/08/08.md +++ b/1ch/08/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Shaharaim, Jobab, Zibia, Mesha, Malcom, Jeuz, Shachia, Mirmah, Abitub, Elpaal ## +# Shaharaim ... Jobab ... Zibia ... Mesha ... Malkam ... Jeuz ... Sakia ... Mirmah ... Abitub ... Elpaal These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hushim, Baara, Hodesh ## +# Hushim ... Baara ... Hodesh -These are names of women. +These are names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## By his wife Hodesh, Shaharaim became the father of ## +# By his wife Hodesh, Shaharaim became the father of -AT: "Shaharaim and his wife Hodesh had the following sons:" \ No newline at end of file +"Shaharaim and his wife Hodesh had the following sons:" + +# fathers' houses + +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/12.md b/1ch/08/12.md index cf707d108a..b9d19cab21 100644 --- a/1ch/08/12.md +++ b/1ch/08/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Elpaal, Eber, Misham, Shemed, Beriah, Shema ## +# Elpaal ... Eber ... Misham ... Shemed ... Beriah ... Shema These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Ono, Lod, Aijalon ## +# Ono ... Lod ... Aijalon -These are names of places. \ No newline at end of file +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# fathers' houses + +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/14.md b/1ch/08/14.md index 3673c95dae..73f42d6b3c 100644 --- a/1ch/08/14.md +++ b/1ch/08/14.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Elpaal ... and Jobab + +The information in [1 Chronicles 8:17-18](./14.md) has been rearranged so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/19.md b/1ch/08/19.md index 3673c95dae..17747681dd 100644 --- a/1ch/08/19.md +++ b/1ch/08/19.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# General Information: + +The information in [1 Chronicles 8:19-21](./19.md) has been rearranged so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/22.md b/1ch/08/22.md index 3673c95dae..0d0fb5422b 100644 --- a/1ch/08/22.md +++ b/1ch/08/22.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# General Information: + +The information in [1 Chronicles 8:22-25](./22.md) has been rearranged so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/26.md b/1ch/08/26.md index 76ddfcf0d9..a3e37bdd1d 100644 --- a/1ch/08/26.md +++ b/1ch/08/26.md @@ -1,2 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names in verses 26 and 27 are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# fathers' houses + +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/29.md b/1ch/08/29.md index e86162aae3..2b3a03dfd1 100644 --- a/1ch/08/29.md +++ b/1ch/08/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# General Information: -## The father of Gibeon, Jeiel, whose wife’s name was Maacah, lived in Gibeon ## +All of the names here except Maakah and Gibeon are the names of men. Maakah is the name of a woman, and Gibeon is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "Jeiel, Gibeon's father, lived in Gibeon. His wife's name was Maacah" +# The father of Gibeon, Jeiel, whose wife's name was Maakah, lived in Gibeon -## His firstborn ## +Here "father of" refers to Jeiel's status as the leading person in the city of Gibeon. AT: "Jeiel, the leader of Gibeon, lived in Gibeon. His wife's name was Maakah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"Jeiel's firstborn" \ No newline at end of file +# His firstborn + +"Jeiel's first son" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/32.md b/1ch/08/32.md index 3673c95dae..9d4da96bfa 100644 --- a/1ch/08/32.md +++ b/1ch/08/32.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here (except Jerusalem) are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/35.md b/1ch/08/35.md index 3673c95dae..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/08/35.md +++ b/1ch/08/35.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/38.md b/1ch/08/38.md index 3ae3064693..54fb849ad3 100644 --- a/1ch/08/38.md +++ b/1ch/08/38.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +# General Information: -## Jeush the second, and Eliphelet the third ## +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "Jeush the 2nd son, and Eliphelet the 3rd son" (See: Ordinal Numbers) +# Jeush the second, and Eliphelet the third -## They had many sons and grandsons, a total of 150 ## +"Jeush, who was born after Ulam, and Eliphelet, who was born after Jeush" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -AT: "They had a total of one hundred fifty sons and grandsons" \ No newline at end of file +# many sons and grandsons, a total of 150 + +"a total of one hundred fifty sons and grandsons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/08/intro.md b/1ch/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c1b1d2bf1b --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the genealogy of Saul's family. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/01.md b/1ch/09/01.md index 863a38db47..b24c7ef821 100644 --- a/1ch/09/01.md +++ b/1ch/09/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## So all Israel was listed in genealogies ## +# all Israel was recorded in genealogies -A genealogy refers to a record of a family descendants or a persons ancestors. +This can be translated in active form. The reader should understand that the people who wrote the genealogies included the names of the people who had already died. AT: "The Israelites recorded all of themselves in genealogies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah ## +# genealogies -This refers to a book that no longer exists. \ No newline at end of file +family records that name ancestors and descendants + +# They were recorded in the book ... Israel + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "They wrote the names in the book ... Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the book of the kings of Israel + +This refers to a book that no longer exists. + +# they were carried away in exile + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The Babylonians carried them away in exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/04.md b/1ch/09/04.md index 77d2e64192..eff060df87 100644 --- a/1ch/09/04.md +++ b/1ch/09/04.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +# General Information: -## Shilonites ## +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This is the name of a people group descended from Shelah. It is a spelling variation for the Shelanites. \ No newline at end of file +# Shelanites + +This is the name of a people group descended from Shelah. + +# numbered 690 + +"numbered six hundred ninety people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/07.md b/1ch/09/07.md index 3673c95dae..c21f6f5548 100644 --- a/1ch/09/07.md +++ b/1ch/09/07.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# numbered 956 + +"numbered nine hundred and fifty-six people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# heads of fathers' houses for their fathers' houses + +"leaders of their extended families." Extended families are people related to each other who usually live in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/10.md b/1ch/09/10.md index 3673c95dae..d2fe5f8628 100644 --- a/1ch/09/10.md +++ b/1ch/09/10.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the house of God + +the second temple, which the people built after they returned from Babylon \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/12.md b/1ch/09/12.md index a4cda67b87..1365ef9fc1 100644 --- a/1ch/09/12.md +++ b/1ch/09/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +# General Information: -## They were very capable men in the work in the house of God ## +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "These capable men worked in the house of God" \ No newline at end of file +# They were very capable men in the work + +"These capable men worked" + +# the house of God + +the second temple, which the people built after they returned from Babylon + +# fathers' houses + +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, clans + +# numbered 1,760 + +"numbered one thousand and sixty priests" or "numbered seventeen hundred and sixty priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/14.md b/1ch/09/14.md index cee545c5ff..9412fc01ef 100644 --- a/1ch/09/14.md +++ b/1ch/09/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Shemaiah ... Elkanah ## +# General Information: -These are names of men. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +All of the names here except "Netophathites" are the names of men. The Netophathites were a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## among the descendants ## +# among the descendants -AT: "one of the descendants" - -## Netophathites ## - -This is the name of a people group. \ No newline at end of file +"one of the descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/17.md b/1ch/09/17.md index 2afdfbe2cc..7cd9fd94c7 100644 --- a/1ch/09/17.md +++ b/1ch/09/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# doorkeepers -## doorkeeps ## +"guards" or "gatekeepers" -AT: "guards" or "gatekeepers" +# Shallum ... Akkub ... Talmon ... Ahiman ... Kore ... Ebiasaph -## they stood guard at the king’s gate on the east side for the camp of Levi's descendants ## +These are all the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "Levi's descendants guarded the king's gate on the east side of their camp" +# they stood guard at the king's gate on the east side for the camp of Levi's descendants -## the thresholds of the tent ... entrance to the place where Yahweh lives ## +"Levi's descendants guarded the king's gate on the east side of their camp" -These phrases both refer to the entrance of the tent of meeting, or tabernacle. \ No newline at end of file +# Korahites + +descendants of Korah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the door to the tent ... the entrance + +These phrases both refer to the entrance of the tent of meeting, or the tabernacle. + +# the tent + +This is a metonym for the second temple, which the people built after they returned from Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/20.md b/1ch/09/20.md index 83181b4f46..1e448b0ed7 100644 --- a/1ch/09/20.md +++ b/1ch/09/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## in charge of them ## +# General Information: -AT: "in charge of the guards" \ No newline at end of file +All of the names here (except Yahweh) are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in charge of them + +"in charge of the Korahites" (See: [1 Chronicles 9:19](./17.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/22.md b/1ch/09/22.md index 42c469faee..299d73995a 100644 --- a/1ch/09/22.md +++ b/1ch/09/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# General Information: -## Their names were recorded in the people's records in their villages ## +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -AT: "The records in peoples' villages included the names of these men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# who were chosen as gatekeepers -## their children ## +It is not clear who chose these men, so if you have to translate in active form, use your language's most general way of doing so. AT: "whom they had chosen to be gatekeepers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# numbered 212 + +"numbered two hundred and twelve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Their names were recorded in the people's records in their villages + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The records in peoples' villages included the names of these men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their children "their descendants" -## gatekeepers were posted ## +# gatekeepers were posted -AT: "men guarded the entrances" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "men guarded the entrances" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## on all four sides, toward the east, west, north, and south ## +# on all four sides, toward the east, west, north, and south -AT: "all around" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "east, west, north, and south" explain the words "all four sides." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/25.md b/1ch/09/25.md index 4c4653c7ee..f1e2b7ba5e 100644 --- a/1ch/09/25.md +++ b/1ch/09/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Their brothers ## +# Their brothers "The guards' brothers" -## came in for seven day rotations, in turn ## +# came in for seven-day rotations, in turn -AT: "would come to help for 7 day periods, taking turns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"would come to help for 7-day periods, taking turns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## were assigned to guard the rooms ## +# the four leaders ... were assigned to guard the rooms -AT: "guarded the rooms" \ No newline at end of file +It is not clear who assigned these men, so if you have to translate in active form, use your language's most general way of doing so. AT: "they assigned the four leaders ... to guard the rooms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the house of God + +the second temple, which the people built after they returned from Babylon \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/28.md b/1ch/09/28.md index 5bd309117d..99e1637346 100644 --- a/1ch/09/28.md +++ b/1ch/09/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Some of them ## +# Some of them "Some of the guards" -## they counted the articles when they were brought in and when they were taken out ## +# they counted the articles when they were brought in and when they were taken out -AT: "they counted the articles that people took out to use, and they counted the articles when people brought them back" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they counted the articles that people took out to use, and they counted the articles when people brought them back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## were assigned to take care of ## +# Some of them also were assigned to take care of -AT: "took care of" or "cared for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## utensil ## - -This is a simple tool used for doing kitchen tasks or eating. \ No newline at end of file +It is not clear who assigned these men, so if you have to translate in active form, use your language's most general way of doing so. AT: "The leaders also assigned some of them to take care of" or "Some of them also took care of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/30.md b/1ch/09/30.md index 1d98439d7a..ec93a9b7fb 100644 --- a/1ch/09/30.md +++ b/1ch/09/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Mattithiah ... Shallum ## +# Mattithiah ... Shallum These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Korahites ... Kohathites ## +# Korahite ... Kohathites -These are names of people groups. +These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## bread of the presence ## +# bread of the presence -See the Important Term "bread" for the specific definition of "bread of the presence." \ No newline at end of file +See the translationWord page about "bread" for the specific definition of "bread of the presence." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/33.md b/1ch/09/33.md index 1389ee6d5c..544c6cfe74 100644 --- a/1ch/09/33.md +++ b/1ch/09/33.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## they were free from work ## +# fathers' houses -AT: "they did not have to do other work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" -## had to carry out their assigned tasks ## +# they were free from work -AT: "had to complete their assigned task" +"they did not have to do other work" -## day and night ## +# carry out their assigned tasks + +"complete the tasks they needed to do" + +# day and night This means "at all times" and can be translated using a phrase or word from your language or culture that gives the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## These were family leaders among the Levites, as listed in their genealogical record ## +# These were leaders of fathers' houses among the Levites, as listed in their genealogical records -AT: "The family history lists included the names of these Levite family leaders" \ No newline at end of file +"The family history lists included the names of these Levite family leaders" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/35.md b/1ch/09/35.md index 989ccc8359..e4b4b0bb54 100644 --- a/1ch/09/35.md +++ b/1ch/09/35.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# General Information: -## Gibeon ## +All of the names here except Maakah are the names of men. Maakah is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -The first reference to Gibeon is to the person but the second reference to Gibeon is the city. \ No newline at end of file +# Gibeon ... Gibeon + +"the man Gibeon ... the town of Gibeon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/38.md b/1ch/09/38.md index 3673c95dae..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/09/38.md +++ b/1ch/09/38.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/41.md b/1ch/09/41.md index b33b4c6452..b8f4b760f9 100644 --- a/1ch/09/41.md +++ b/1ch/09/41.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/09/intro.md b/1ch/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..022fe4dcb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the genealogy of the people who returned to Jerusalem after the exile and the family of Saul. + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 9:39-44 because they are long lists. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/10/01.md b/1ch/10/01.md index 4889a917d9..1cdc823715 100644 --- a/1ch/10/01.md +++ b/1ch/10/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Every man of Israel fled from before the Philistines and fell down dead on Mount Gilboa -## Every man of Israel fled from before ## +It is implied that these men were Israelite soldiers. AT: "The whole army of Israel ran away from the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "The army of Israel ran away from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# Every man of Israel ... fell down dead -## fell down dead ## +This is probably a generalization. It seems that while all the soldiers did run away, not all of them died. AT: "Every man of Israel ... most of them died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Abinadab ... Malki-Shua + +See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 8:33](../08/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/10/04.md b/1ch/10/04.md index 273b09e2e5..22f0203ae6 100644 --- a/1ch/10/04.md +++ b/1ch/10/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## thrust me through with it ## +# thrust me through with it -AT: "kill me with it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The action of stabbing is a metonym for the result, death. AT: "kill me with it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Otherwise, these uncircumcised will come ## +# these uncircumcised will come -The reference to the "uncircumcised" here is an insult, indicating that these people are foreign and have no relationship with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The nominal adjective "uncircumcised" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "these people who are uncircumcised will come" or "these uncircumcised people will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## fell on it ## +# these uncircumcised -AT: "killed himself with it" \ No newline at end of file +Here "uncircumcised" represents people who do not belong to Yahweh. AT: "these people who do not belong to Yahweh" or "these heathen Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fell on it + +Saul probably stuck the handle into the ground and leaned on the point so the sword would go through his body as he fell down. The action is a metonym for the result, death. AT: "killed himself with it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/10/05.md b/1ch/10/05.md index a7f6341219..fb242edc08 100644 --- a/1ch/10/05.md +++ b/1ch/10/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## and his three sons ## +# fell on his sword -AT: "and his 3 sons died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +He probably stuck the handle into the ground and leaned on the point so the sword would go through his body as he fell down. The action is a metonym for the result, death. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 10:4](./04.md). AT: "killed himself with his sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his three sons + +You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "his 3 sons died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/10/07.md b/1ch/10/07.md index 7ca5459b4b..b938bf5c8d 100644 --- a/1ch/10/07.md +++ b/1ch/10/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## When every man of Israel ## +# When every man of Israel -AT: "When the men of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is probably a generalization. AT: "When the men of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## lived in them ## +# they had fled -"lived in the Israelite cities" +"the Israelite soldiers had fled" -## It came about ## +# the Philistines came and lived in them + +"the Philistines came and lived in the cities from which the Israelites had fled." This probably happened after the events in verses 8-12. + +# It came about This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## to strip the dead ## +# to strip the dead -AT: "to take anything of value off of the dead bodies" +"to take everything of value off of the dead bodies" -## Saul and his sons fallen ## +# Saul and his sons fallen -"Saul and his sons dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "fallen" is a polite way to refer to someone who died in battle. AT: "Saul and his sons dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/10/09.md b/1ch/10/09.md index 766bfe7e61..789d7857c4 100644 --- a/1ch/10/09.md +++ b/1ch/10/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## They stripped him ## +# They stripped him -AT: "The Philistines removed everything from Saul's body" +"The Philistines removed everything from Saul's body" -## They put his armor ## +# to carry the news to their idols and to the people + +They told the people what had happened and praised their idols in prayer. + +# to carry the news + +A person telling others about something that has happened is spoken of as if the person were carrying a solid object and giving it to those other people. AT: "to tell what had happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They put his armor "The Philistines put Saul's armor" -## Dagon ## +# Dagon -This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/10/11.md b/1ch/10/11.md index bc891a6072..74d40777c9 100644 --- a/1ch/10/11.md +++ b/1ch/10/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +# When all Jabesh Gilead heard of all that the Philistines -## When all Jabesh Gilead heard of all that the Philistines ## +Both instances of the word "all" are generalizations. The name of the town is a metonym for the people who live in the town, and the people group name is a metonym for that people group's soldiers. AT: "When the people of Jabesh Gilead heard what the soldiers of the Philistine army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "When the people of Jabesh Gilead heard what the soldiers of the Philistine army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] ) +# Jabesh Gilead -## their bones ## +This is the name of a town in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "their bodies" or "their remains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# their bones + +The bones are a synecdoche for the dead bodies. AT: "their bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# seven days + +"7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/10/13.md b/1ch/10/13.md index 3543f7d552..28b7fdff84 100644 --- a/1ch/10/13.md +++ b/1ch/10/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## advice ## +# Connecting Statement: -This is an opinion or suggestion about what the person should do. +These verses give a summary of why Saul died. If your language has a way of showing that this is not part of the story line, you could use it here. -## talked with the dead ## +# did not seek guidance from Yahweh -AT: "claimed to talk with those who have died" +"did not ask Yahweh to guide him" -## guidance ## +# turned over the kingdom to David son of Jesse -This is help or advice about what he should do. - -## handed over the kingdom ## - -AT: "gave control of the people of Israel over to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "turned over the kingdom" is an idiom that means to give someone authority over a kingdom. AT: "made David, son of Jesse, king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/10/intro.md b/1ch/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..44a0a055e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The death of Saul ##### + +Saul died because he disobeyed God. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/01.md b/1ch/11/01.md index 611d1e5cbe..00dd5ee6d2 100644 --- a/1ch/11/01.md +++ b/1ch/11/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## we are your flesh and bone ## +# all Israel came to David -AT: "we have the same ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]] ) +This is a generalization that means people from every tribe in Israel came to David, but not every individual. AT: "people from throughout Israel came to David" or "people from every tribe in Israel came to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## it was you who led... ## +# we are your flesh and bone -The "you" here is emphatic. AT: "it was you yourself who led..." +This idiom means that they are relatives. AT: "we are your relatives" or "we have the same ancestors as you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## You will shepherd my people Israel, and you will..." ## +# In the recent past -Both pronouns 'you' are emphatic. AT: "You yourself will shepherd my people Israel, and you yourself will..." +This is historical information. Saul had been their king before David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## In this way came true the word of Yahweh that had been declared by Samuel ## +# You will shepherd my people Israel, and you will become a ruler over my people Israel -AT: "In this way, the message of Yahweh that Samuel declared came true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two clauses mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh had chosen David to be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You will shepherd my people Israel + +Here ruling over the people is spoken of as shepherding them. AT: "'You will care for my people Israel" or "You will lead my people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They anointed David king over Israel + +To "anoint" is a symbolic act to show that they recognized that God had chosen David as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the word of Yahweh that had been declared by Samuel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the word of Yahweh that Samuel had declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/04.md b/1ch/11/04.md index 159cda2dc1..14bc938b96 100644 --- a/1ch/11/04.md +++ b/1ch/11/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# David and all Israel -## Jebus ## +Here the phrase "all Israel" represents the entire Israelite army. AT: "David and all the Israelite army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This was the temporary name for Jerusalem after Jebusites conquered the city, before the Israelites conquered it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Now the Jebusites ... were there -## But David took ## +The word "now" is used to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator tells background information about Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -AT: "But David's army defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# David took the stronghold of Zion -## that is, the City of David ## +Here the word "took" is an idiom that means "captured" or "conquered." Since David led the army, his name here is a synecdoche for the whole army who attacked the city. AT: "David captured the stronghold of Zion" or "David and the Israelite army captured the stronghold of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "and they called it the City of David" +# the stronghold of Zion ... the city of David -## so he was made a commander ## +Both of these names refer to Jerusalem. -AT: "so David made Joab a commander" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# so he was made the chief + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so David made Joab the chief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/07.md b/1ch/11/07.md index 68e64350c5..786dfeb952 100644 --- a/1ch/11/07.md +++ b/1ch/11/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## He fortified the city around ## +# He fortified the city around ... Joab fortified the rest of the city -AT: "The Israelites made the wall around the city stronger" +The word "he" refers to David. The reader should understand that David and Joab were probably in charge of other men who made the fortifications. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the Millo ## +# the Millo -This refers to a fortress in Jerusalem, probably built by the Jebusites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## was with him ## - -AT: "helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This likely refers to a terraced structure that consisted of retaining walls with dirt filled in behind them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/10.md b/1ch/11/10.md index d6991628c8..0f834f9aaa 100644 --- a/1ch/11/10.md +++ b/1ch/11/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -See: See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +# These were the leaders David had -## the leaders David had ## +"These were the leaders of David's warriors" -AT: "the leaders under David" +# who showed themselves strong with him in his kingdom ... to make him king -## who showed themselves strong with him in his kingdom ## +This phrase means that both the leaders of David's army, and the full army, helped David to establish himself as king over Israel. AT: "who strongly supported David's kingdom ... to make him king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "who helped David's kingdom to remain strong" +# Jashobeam -## on one occasion ## +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "at one time" \ No newline at end of file +# a Hachmonite + +This refers to a person from the Hachmon clan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# on one occasion + +"in one battle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/12.md b/1ch/11/12.md index 9a694bef83..1b089faec7 100644 --- a/1ch/11/12.md +++ b/1ch/11/12.md @@ -1,2 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -"and killed many of the Philistines." - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# After him + +"After Jashobeam" + +# Eleazar ... Dodo + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Ahohite + +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Pas Dammim + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They stood in the middle of the field + +"David and Eleazar stood in the middle of the field" + +# cut down the Philistines + +This means that they killed the Philistine soldiers with their swords. AT: "killed the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/15.md b/1ch/11/15.md index 95b422e54a..40aac70a51 100644 --- a/1ch/11/15.md +++ b/1ch/11/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# three of the thirty -## three of the thirty ## +"3 of the 30" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -"3 of the 30" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# the cave of Adullam -## At that time David was in his stronghold, a cave, while the Philistines had soldiers stationed at Bethlehem ## +"the cave near the town of Adullam." Adullam is near Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "David was in a safe place in a cave while the Philistines' soldiers were guarding Bethlehem" \ No newline at end of file +# the Valley of Rephaim + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in his stronghold, a cave + +"in his safe place in a cave" + +# the Philistines had established their camp at Bethlehem + +"the Philistines had stationed soldiers in Bethlehem" + +# the well at Bethlehem, the well that is by the gate + +These two phrases refer to the same well. The second specifies which well in Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/18.md b/1ch/11/18.md index cdc0e8ab07..28ca26a52f 100644 --- a/1ch/11/18.md +++ b/1ch/11/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## three mighty men ## +# three mighty men "3 mighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## well of Bethlehem, the well at the gate ## +# broke through the army of the Philistines -These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated for clarification. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"fought their way through the army of the Philistines" -## Far be it from me, that before my God I should do this ## +# the well of Bethlehem, the well at the gate -AT: "God, please never allow me to drink such a sacrifice at the costs of my men!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +These two phrases refer to the same well. The second specifies which well in Bethlehem. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Chronicles 11:17](./15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Should I drink the blood of men who have risked their lives? ## +# he poured it out to Yahweh -David is saying with this question that the water is precious because of the sacrifice made by those who obtained it. AT: "I would not drink the blood of men who are willing to die for me" or "I will not drink water that men have risked their lives to get" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that he poured out the water as an offering to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# May it be that I should never do this! + +"May I never do something like this!" or "This is something I should never do!" + +# Should I drink the blood of these men who have risked their lives? + +David speaks of the water as if it were blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I should not drink this water, which would be like drinking the blood of these men who have risked their lives to bring it to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/20.md b/1ch/11/20.md index c7fb9bfd5e..93b8b9b08d 100644 --- a/1ch/11/20.md +++ b/1ch/11/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Abishai -## the three ## +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 2:16](../02/16.md). -"the 3 mighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# captain over the Three -## He was often mentioned along with the three soldiers ## +This means Abishai was the leader of the three who went and got water for David. -AT: "Abishai was a leader of the mighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# three hundred -## he was most honored and became their captain ## +"300 men" or "300 warriors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -AT: "the soldiers respected Abishai the most and made him their leader" \ No newline at end of file +# He is mentioned along with the Three + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People often mentioned him when they spoke of the Three" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Of the Three, he was given double honor and became + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) that he received double the honor that the Three received. AT: "People gave him twice as much honor as they gave the Three and he became" or 2) the Three honored him more than they honored others. AT: "The Three honored him more than they honored others and he became" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/22.md b/1ch/11/22.md index e00efd233a..7556d621d7 100644 --- a/1ch/11/22.md +++ b/1ch/11/22.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Benaiah ... Jehoiada ... Ariel -## feats ## +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -These are acts that show courage, strength, or skill. +# five cubits -## while it was snowing ## +A "cubit" is a unit of measurement equal to 46 centimeters. AT: "2.3 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -AT: "during a snow storm" +# a spear like a weaver's beam -## five cubits ## +This compares the size of the spear with the size of a weaver's beam. AT: "a spear the size of a weaver's beam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +# he went down to him -## he went down to him ## - -AT: "Benaiah met the Egyptian" - -## a spear like a weaver’s beam ## - -AT: "a very large spear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Benaiah went down to the Egyptian." This idiom means that he met him in battle. AT: "he attacked him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/24.md b/1ch/11/24.md index 7afa6d410f..0568e1f383 100644 --- a/1ch/11/24.md +++ b/1ch/11/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# did these feats -## he was named alongside the three mighty men ## +"did these mighty deeds" -"he was as famous as the 3 mighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# he was named alongside the three mighty men -## He was more highly regarded than the thirty soldiers in general, but he was not regarded quite as highly as the three most elite soldiers ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people praised him like they praised the three mighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "The people respected him more than the 30 soldiers, but not as much as the 3 most highly skilled soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# He was more highly regarded than the thirty soldiers in general, but he was not regarded quite as highly as the three mighty men -## bodyguard ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people respected him more than the 30 soldiers, but not as much as the 3 most elite soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This is a person or a group of people responsible for protecting somebody important. \ No newline at end of file +# bodyguard + +This refers to a group of people responsible for protecting David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/26.md b/1ch/11/26.md index 3673c95dae..0fd8ebdd3c 100644 --- a/1ch/11/26.md +++ b/1ch/11/26.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +This begins a list of David's thirty most important warriors. The list contains the names of the men and the clans to which they belonged. The list continues through [1 Chronicles 11:47](./45.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/30.md b/1ch/11/30.md index 3673c95dae..572ca1e11c 100644 --- a/1ch/11/30.md +++ b/1ch/11/30.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +This continues the list of David's thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/34.md b/1ch/11/34.md index 3673c95dae..572ca1e11c 100644 --- a/1ch/11/34.md +++ b/1ch/11/34.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +This continues the list of David's thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/38.md b/1ch/11/38.md index 3673c95dae..572ca1e11c 100644 --- a/1ch/11/38.md +++ b/1ch/11/38.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +This continues the list of David's thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/42.md b/1ch/11/42.md index 689e6e0433..12481ee44c 100644 --- a/1ch/11/42.md +++ b/1ch/11/42.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Connecting Statement: -## thirty with him ## +This continues the list of David's thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -"30 men with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# thirty with him + +"30 men with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/45.md b/1ch/11/45.md index 3673c95dae..7900c8e7fc 100644 --- a/1ch/11/45.md +++ b/1ch/11/45.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +This concludes the list of David's thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/11/intro.md b/1ch/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f896fd714d --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of David begins here and continues throughout the remainder of this book. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### King David the military leader ##### +David was made the king of all Israel and was the leader of their army. He conquered Jerusalem and strengthened its defenses. He had many brave men in his army that did great deeds. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/01.md b/1ch/12/01.md index ec5456a18e..cc83fd010e 100644 --- a/1ch/12/01.md +++ b/1ch/12/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# while he was still banished from the presence of -## while he was still banished from the presence of ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "during the time when he could not be in the presence of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "during the time when he could not be in the presence of" +# could use both the right hand and the left in slinging stones and in shooting arrows -## They were armed with bows and could use both the right hand and the left ## +"could use either their right hands or their left hands to sling stones and shoot arrows" -AT: "Their weapons included bows, and they could use the bow with their right or left hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# slinging stones -## sling ## - -This is to throw an object with a forceful swinging motion. \ No newline at end of file +The sling was a strip of leather that a person would use to throw a stone long distances. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/03.md b/1ch/12/03.md index a24296d453..5977b422ae 100644 --- a/1ch/12/03.md +++ b/1ch/12/03.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# General Information: -## the thirty ## +This begins a list of the men from the tribe of Benjamin who joined David at Ziklag. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "the 30 soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the thirty + +"the 30 soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/05.md b/1ch/12/05.md index 3673c95dae..ccbe3674ec 100644 --- a/1ch/12/05.md +++ b/1ch/12/05.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +This continues the list of the men from the tribe of Benjamin who joined David at Ziklag. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/08.md b/1ch/12/08.md index dafa61db27..59f26df1af 100644 --- a/1ch/12/08.md +++ b/1ch/12/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# General Information: -## whose faces were as fierce as the faces of lions ## +This begins a list of the men from the tribe of Gad who joined David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "who were very fierce" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# whose faces were as fierce as the faces of lions -## they were as swift as gazelles ## +Here the word "faces" represents the men and the lions. Their faces express the fierceness with which they fight battles. AT: "who were as fierce in battle as lions hunting prey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "they were very fast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# They were as swift as gazelles on the mountains -## gazelle ## +This hyperbole compares how swiftly these men were able to run with how swiftly gazelles are able to run over rugged mountain terrain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -This is a small animal that is graceful and fast, similar to a deer. \ No newline at end of file +# gazelles + +These animals are similar to deer and can run quickly over rugged mountain terrain. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/09.md b/1ch/12/09.md index 578f484725..342f100bc8 100644 --- a/1ch/12/09.md +++ b/1ch/12/09.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Connecting Statement: -## second ... eleventh ## +This continues the list of the men from the tribe of Gad who joined David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This lists these men in order of leadership. AT: "2nd...3rd...4th...5th...6th...7th...8th...9th...10th...11th" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# second ... third ... fourth ... fifth ... sixth ... seventh ... eighth ... ninth ... tenth ... eleventh + +This lists these men in order of leadership. AT: "2nd ... 3rd ... 4th ... 5th ... 6th ... 7th ... 8th ... 9th ... 10th ... 11th" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/14.md b/1ch/12/14.md index aef02a8ea8..3632dd76bd 100644 --- a/1ch/12/14.md +++ b/1ch/12/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## The least led a hundred ## +# The least led a hundred -This means that the smallest group of the army that a leader lead was 100. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This means that the smallest group of the army that a leader led was 100 men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the greatest lead a thousand ## +# the greatest led a thousand -This means that the largest group of the army that a leader lead was 1,000. +This means that the largest group of the army that a leader led was 1,000 men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## first month ## +# first month -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]] \ No newline at end of file +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. It is at the beginning of the spring season when the late rains come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# when it overflowed its banks + +"when the Jordan overflowed its banks" + +# chased away all those living in the valleys + +"they chased away all those living in the valleys" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/16.md b/1ch/12/16.md index 16a6961f4b..ac2fbb4a31 100644 --- a/1ch/12/16.md +++ b/1ch/12/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## men of Benjamin and Judah ## +# men of Benjamin and Judah -AT: "men from the tribes of Benjamin and Judah" \ No newline at end of file +"men from the tribes of Benjamin and Judah" + +# may the God of our ancestors see + +What God will see may be supplied in translation. AT: "may the God of our ancestors see what you intend to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/18.md b/1ch/12/18.md index 8cd34fb90f..e41fca574a 100644 --- a/1ch/12/18.md +++ b/1ch/12/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# the Spirit came on Amasai -## the Spirit came on ## +The Spirit empowering Amasai is spoken of as if the Spirit came on him. AT: "the Spirit empowered Amasai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "The Spirit gave him power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Amasai -## the thirty ## +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "the 30 soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# the thirty -## We are yours, David. We are on your side, son of Jesse ## +"the 30 soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -These phrases share similar meanings and are repeated to emphasize their commitment to follow David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# We are yours, David. We are on your side, son of Jesse + +These phrases share similar meanings. The idioms "we are yours" and "we are on your side" both mean that the men support David. AT: "We are devoted to you, David. We support you, son of Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Peace, may peace be to whoever helps you + +Here the word "peace" refers to prosperity and well-being. The word is repeated to emphasize great prosperity. AT: "May whoever helps you greatly prosper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/19.md b/1ch/12/19.md index 7ccad4f852..0b23ffbe02 100644 --- a/1ch/12/19.md +++ b/1ch/12/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# deserted to -## deserted to ## +"left their leaders to join" -AT: "left their leaders to join" +# He will desert to his master Saul -## over thousands of ## +"He will stop fighting with us and fight for his master Saul" -"over more than 1,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Adnah, Jozabad, Jediael, Michael, Jozabad, Elihu, and Zillethai + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# captains over thousands of Manasseh + +This means that each of these men led groups of a thousand soldiers in the tribe of Manasseh. AT: "each a captain over 1,000 men in the tribe of Manasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/21.md b/1ch/12/21.md index 754bf18b78..859ffb1a74 100644 --- a/1ch/12/21.md +++ b/1ch/12/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## roving bands ## +# the roving bands -AT: "groups of men who robbed people across the country" +"the groups of robbers." This refers to groups of people who robbed people traveling through the countryside. -## Day after day ## +# Day after day -AT: "Each day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"Each day" -## like the army of God ## +# a great army, like the army of God -This compares the size of David's army to the army of God's angels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the phrase "like the army of God" means "like an army that God assembled" or 2) the word "God" is used as an idiom that refers to the great size of the army. AT: "a very large army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/23.md b/1ch/12/23.md index 98fc07aafc..ab0a2ae39a 100644 --- a/1ch/12/23.md +++ b/1ch/12/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +# General Information: -## to turn the kingdom of Saul over to him ## +This begins the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -AT: "to give control of Saul's kingdom to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# to turn the kingdom of Saul over to him -## carried out Yahweh's word ## +The men making David king in place of Saul is spoken of as if they gave possession of Saul's kingdom to David. AT: "to make David king in place of Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "made Yahweh's word true" or "fulfilled Yahweh's word" +# carried out Yahweh's word -## From Judah ## +"made Yahweh's word true" or "fulfilled Yahweh's word" -AT: "From the tribe of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +# 6,800, armed for war + +"six thousand eight hundred, armed for war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# From the Simeonites + +"From Simeon" or "From the tribe of Simeon" + +# 7,100 fighting men + +"seven thousand one hundred fighting men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/26.md b/1ch/12/26.md index 6c49c1804d..e99019e3cd 100644 --- a/1ch/12/26.md +++ b/1ch/12/26.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +This continues the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 4,600 fighting men + +"four thousand six hundred fighting men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jehoiada + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# with him were 3,700 + +"with him were three thousand seven hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# twenty-two leaders + +"22 leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/29.md b/1ch/12/29.md index 3594146638..94a324fdad 100644 --- a/1ch/12/29.md +++ b/1ch/12/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Connecting Statement: -## From Benjamin, Saul's tribe ## +This continues the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -AT: "From Saul's tribe, the tribe of Benjamin" +# From Benjamin, Saul's tribe -## half tribe ## +"From Benjamin, the tribe to which Saul belonged" -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:18](../05/18.md) \ No newline at end of file +# three thousand ... eighteen thousand + +"3,000 ... 18,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 20,800 fighting men + +"twenty thousand eight hundred fighting men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# From the Ephraimites + +"From Ephraim" or "From the tribe of Ephraim" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/32.md b/1ch/12/32.md index 4a041a15d3..94aae34265 100644 --- a/1ch/12/32.md +++ b/1ch/12/32.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +This continues the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# two hundred ... fifty thousand + +"200 ... 50,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who had understanding of the times + +Possible meanings are 1) these men knew the right time to act or 2) these men had a good understanding of current political events within Israel. + +# ready to give undivided loyalty + +It is implicit that they would give loyalty to David. AT: "ready to give undivided loyalty to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/34.md b/1ch/12/34.md index 4a041a15d3..c65521cb6a 100644 --- a/1ch/12/34.md +++ b/1ch/12/34.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +This continues the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one thousand ... thirty-seven thousand + +"1,000 ... 37,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# From the Danites + +"From Dan" or "From the tribe of Dan" + +# 28,600 men + +"twenty-eight thousand six hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/36.md b/1ch/12/36.md index 3340dbe16a..0140484070 100644 --- a/1ch/12/36.md +++ b/1ch/12/36.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Connecting Statement: -## armed with all kinds of weapons ## +This continues the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -AT: "carrying all kinds of weapons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# forty thousand + +"40,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the Reubenites, Gadites + +"Reuben, Gad" or "the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad" + +# 120,000 men + +"one hundred twenty thousand men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/38.md b/1ch/12/38.md index 38cbe93b23..7d7e33302d 100644 --- a/1ch/12/38.md +++ b/1ch/12/38.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## firm intentions ## +# with firm intentions to make David king -AT: "plans" +"determined to make David king" -## equipped for battle ## +# They were there with David -AT: "with their weapons for battle" +"These soldiers were there with David" -## three days ## +# three days "3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## raisins ## +# Israel was celebrating -These are dried grapes, a small fruit that grows on a vine (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "Israel" represents the people who make up the nation. AT: "the people of Israel were celebrating" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/12/intro.md b/1ch/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..495d9c3667 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "[They] could use both the right hand and the left" ##### +These soldiers were very skilled. They were able to fight with either hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### King David ##### +This chapter records all those who supported David as king over Saul. The extent of this record shows that there was nearly universal support for David. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/13/01.md b/1ch/13/01.md index 33cc940910..699f715b1b 100644 --- a/1ch/13/01.md +++ b/1ch/13/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## thousands and of hundreds ## +# the commanders of thousands and of hundreds -The army had commanders who lead groups of soldiers of different sizes. AT: "more than 1,000 men and more than 100 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## they seemed right in the eyes of the people ## +# all the assembly of Israel -Here "eyes" represent the thoughts and opinions of the people. AT: "the people thought these were the right things to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to all of the Israelites who were assembled in this place. AT: "all of the Israelites who were assembled there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# if this comes from Yahweh our God + +This idiom means that this action is something that Yahweh approves. AT: "if this is something that Yahweh our God approves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Let them be told to join us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let messengers tell them to join us" or "Let them join us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they seemed right in the eyes of all the people + +Here the word "eyes" represents seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "all the people considered these things to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/13/05.md b/1ch/13/05.md index 428e9b5325..9a3d185bd7 100644 --- a/1ch/13/05.md +++ b/1ch/13/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# David assembled all Israel together -## Baalah ## +Here the word "all" is a generalization. The phrase means that David assembled people from all over Israel, not that he assembled every person in Israel. AT: "David assembled people together from all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -This is another name for Kiriath Jearim. +# Lebo Hamath ... Kiriath Jearim ... Baalah -## who sits enthroned over the cherubim ## +These are the names of places. "Baalah" is another name for Kiriath Jearim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "who rules from between the statues of winged creatures on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# which belongs to Judah + +"which is in Judah" + +# to bring up from there the ark of God + +It is implied that they are taking the ark to Jerusalem. AT: "to take to Jerusalem the ark of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to bring up from there + +Jerusalem is higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it. + +# which is called by Yahweh's name + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) the idiom "called by ... name" refers to a person owning the thing. AT: "which belongs to Yahweh" or 2) the ark has Yahweh's name written on it. AT: "which bears Yahweh's name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who sits enthroned over the cherubim + +You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. AT: "who sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/13/07.md b/1ch/13/07.md index b6c375b53b..74527dacb9 100644 --- a/1ch/13/07.md +++ b/1ch/13/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Abinadab ... Uzzah and Ahio -## a new cart ## +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This is a wheeled vehicle pulled by an animal that has never been used before. +# David and all Israel -## tambourines, cymbals ## +Here the word "all" is a generalization. AT: "David and all of the Israelites who were present" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -instruments held by hand and shaken or hit to make noise (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +# singing with stringed instruments + +"singing while playing stringed instruments" + +# tambourines + +hand drums with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# cymbals + +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/13/09.md b/1ch/13/09.md index 49232af51c..147b3378e4 100644 --- a/1ch/13/09.md +++ b/1ch/13/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Kidon, Uzzah -## the anger of Yahweh burned against Uzzah ## +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "Yahweh was very angry with Uzzah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# the anger of Yahweh burned against Uzzah -## before God ## +Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that burned the one with whom Yahweh is angry. AT: "Yahweh was very angry with Uzzah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "in the presence of God" +# before God -## David was angry ## +"in the presence of God" -David was angry at Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# That place is called -## to this day ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People call that place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 4:42](../04/42.md) \ No newline at end of file +# Perez Uzzah + +This is the name of a place. Translator may add a footnote that says, "The name 'Perez Uzzah' means 'the punishment of Uzzah.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to this day + +See how you translated this phrasein [1 Chronicles 4:43](../04/42.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/13/12.md b/1ch/13/12.md index 4764b5f093..ea6934c415 100644 --- a/1ch/13/12.md +++ b/1ch/13/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# How can I bring the ark of God home to me? -## How can I bring the ark of God home with me? ## +David uses this question to emphasize that he is afraid to take the ark to Jerusalem. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am too afraid to bring the ark of Yahweh with me to Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -David is expressing his anger about Uzza's death when he was trying to get the ark back to his city. AT: "I cannot possibly bring the ark of God back to my city" or "Tell me what are the Laws about how to move the ark, I do not know how to do this" +# Obed Edom the Gittite -## three months ## +This is the name of a man. A "Gittite" is a person from the city of Gath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -"3 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# in Obed Edom's household in his house + +"with Obed Edom's family in his house" + +# three months + +"3 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Yahweh blessed his house + +Here the word "house" is a metonym for his family. AT: "Yahweh blessed his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/13/intro.md b/1ch/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cca57a57a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 13 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ark of the covenant ##### +David tried to bring the ark to Jerusalem on an ox cart instead of being carried by priests as the law said to do. The ox stumbled and Uzzah touched the ark to keep it from falling and he immediately died because of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/14/01.md b/1ch/14/01.md index 557f0ccbc2..cc2ed0d789 100644 --- a/1ch/14/01.md +++ b/1ch/14/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Hiram ## +# Hiram -This is the name of the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## carpenters ## +# carpenters These are people whose job is to make things with wood. -## masons ## +# masons These are people whose job is to make things with stone or brick. -## established him as ## +# They built a house for him -AT: "made him" +"The carpenters and masons built a house for David" -## his kingdom was exalted on high for the sake of his people Israel ## +# established him as -AT: "Yahweh gave honor to David's kingdom to help the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"made him" + +# his kingdom was exalted on high + +The idiom "exalted on high" means that Yahweh had given great honor to David's kingdom. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh had exalted David's kingdom on high" or "Yahweh had given great honor to David's kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the sake of his people Israel + +Here the word "his" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/14/03.md b/1ch/14/03.md index 3673c95dae..3fb5f4a423 100644 --- a/1ch/14/03.md +++ b/1ch/14/03.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# the children who were born to him + +"the children whom his wives bore for him" + +# Shammua, Shobab, Nathan + +These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [1 Chronicles 3:5](../03/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ibhar, Elishua, Elpelet, Nogah, Nepheg, Japhia, Elishama, Beeliada, and Eliphelet + +These are the names of men. These names appear also in [1 Chronicles 3:6-8](../03/06.md), although there "Elpelet" is spelled "Eliphelet" and Beeliada is spelled "Eliada." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/14/08.md b/1ch/14/08.md index 5a51d9075e..0e77834210 100644 --- a/1ch/14/08.md +++ b/1ch/14/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## David had been anointed as king over all Israel ## +# Now -AT: "the people of Israel had anointed David as their king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. -## Valley of Rephaim ## +# David had been anointed as king + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the elders of Israel had anointed David as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# went out against them + +It is implied that David led his army out to fight against them. AT: "led his army out to fight against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Valley of Rephaim This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/14/10.md b/1ch/14/10.md index 94dd81ce93..25603c33fd 100644 --- a/1ch/14/10.md +++ b/1ch/14/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## give them to you ## +# give them to you -AT: "give you victory over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This idiom means that Yahweh will enable David to have victory over them. AT: "give you victory over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Baal Perazim ## +# Baal Perazim -This is the name a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a place. You may add a footnote that says, "The name 'Baal Perazim' means 'Lord of breaking through.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## by my hand ## +# God has burst through my enemies ... like a bursting flood of water -This refers to David's resources. AT: "using my army" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +David speaks of God easily defeating David's enemies as if God had burst through them, like a flood bursts through anything in its path. AT: "God has easily defeated my enemies ... like a flood easily bursts through everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like a bursting flood of water ## +# by my hand -The power and victory of David's army is compared to a bursting flood of water. AT: "easily" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This refers to David's resources. AT: "using my army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## that they should be burned ## +# that they should be burned -AT: "to burn their false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to burn their false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/14/13.md b/1ch/14/13.md index a99d941745..63258a2c3d 100644 --- a/1ch/14/13.md +++ b/1ch/14/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## the valley ## +# the valley "the Valley of Rephaim" -## attack their front ## +# attack their front -AT: "attack from the front" +"attack from the front" -## circle around behind them and come on them through the balsam woods ## +# circle around behind them and come on them through the balsam woods -AT: "go through the forest of balsam trees and attack them from behind" +"go through the forest of balsam trees and attack them from behind" -## balsam ## +# balsam woods -This is a type of tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Balsam" is a type of tree, and the "woods" describe many balsam trees growing together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/14/15.md b/1ch/14/15.md index dd67a81103..9600f143fe 100644 --- a/1ch/14/15.md +++ b/1ch/14/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + God continues his answer to David's question. -## gone out before you ## +# When you hear the sound of marching in the wind blowing through the balsam treetops -AT: "gone out ahead of you to fight for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This speaks of the sound of the leaves rustling as wind blows through them as if it were the sound of marching. AT: "When the wind blowing through the tops of the balsam trees sounds like men marching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Gezer ## +# Gezer This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## David's fame went out into all lands ## +# David's fame went out into all lands -AT: "People far away heard about David's victory over the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +People in every land hearing of David's reputation is spoken of as if David's fame traveled to those lands. AT: "People far away heard about David's fame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/14/intro.md b/1ch/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..985329dc1e --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 14 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +David asked for help from God and because of this, God enabled him to defeat the Philistines when they tried to capture him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/01.md b/1ch/15/01.md index aa500c3042..25bf700323 100644 --- a/1ch/15/01.md +++ b/1ch/15/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## David built houses for himself ## +# David built houses for himself ... He prepared -AT: "The people built houses for David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +It might be best to translate this so that the reader understands that David had other people do this for him. AT: "David had workers build houses for him ... He had them prepare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## prepared a place ## +# they had been chosen by Yahweh -AT: "commanded that a special place be made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh had chosen them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## assembled all Israel ## +# David assembled all Israel at Jerusalem -AT: "commanded that all the people of Israel should come together" - -## to bring up the ark ## - -AT: "to celebrate as the Levites carry the ark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "all" is a generalization. The phrase "all Israel" means that David assembled people from all over Israel, not that he assembled every person in Israel. AT: "David assembled at Jerusalem people from all over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/04.md b/1ch/15/04.md index 6ab80725db..d63209783c 100644 --- a/1ch/15/04.md +++ b/1ch/15/04.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +# General Information: -## relatives ## +This begins the list of the number of men whom David assembled from each of the Levite clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -people who are part of the same family or tribe \ No newline at end of file +# 120 men + +"one hundred twenty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 220 men + +"two hundred twenty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/07.md b/1ch/15/07.md index b33b4c6452..81304821c1 100644 --- a/1ch/15/07.md +++ b/1ch/15/07.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +This continues the list of the number of men whom David assembled from each of the Levite clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/11.md b/1ch/15/11.md index 886db22d99..ac4a92fbc3 100644 --- a/1ch/15/11.md +++ b/1ch/15/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Uriel, Asaiah, Joel, Shemaiah, Eliel, and Amminadab -## Place yourselves apart ## - -AT: "Commit yourselves to a time of special preparation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## I have prepared ## - -AT: "I have commanded the Levites to prepare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. See how you translated them in [1 Chronicles verses 5-6](./04.md) and [1 Chronicles verses 7-10](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/13.md b/1ch/15/13.md index da8a2706bd..cfdfbbdf81 100644 --- a/1ch/15/13.md +++ b/1ch/15/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## carry it the first time ## +# You did not carry it -AT: "carry the ark before" +"You did not carry the ark" -## broke out against us ## +# broke out against us -AT: "punished us" +The idiom to "break out against" means to act violently toward someone. AT: "acted violently toward us" or "attacked us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Levites sanctified themselves to bring up ## +# we did not seek him -AT: "Levites made themselves clean in order to carry" \ No newline at end of file +Here seeking Yahweh means to seek his counsel. AT: "we did not ask him for instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the rules given by the word of Yahweh + +The word "word" can be translated with a verb. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the rules that the word of Yahweh had given" or "the rules that Yahweh had spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/16.md b/1ch/15/16.md index 4367c1e14d..0330cdb2ea 100644 --- a/1ch/15/16.md +++ b/1ch/15/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# General Information: -## cymbals ## +This begins the list of men whom the Levites appointed to sing and play music as the people brought the ark to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -a musical instrument, two metal circles that are hit together to create noise (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# cymbals -## lifting up their voices ## +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -AT: "singing" +# lifting up their voices -## Zechariah, son, and Jaaziel ## +This idiom means to sing loudly. AT: "singing loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -son, Heb "ben" may be referring to a son, or there may be a name omitted in the text +# of second rank -## second rank ## +This likely means that these men served in lower positions and were assistants to Heman, Asaph, and Ethan. AT: "of 2nd rank" or "in lower position of power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -AT: "a lower position of power" or "2nd rank" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# Mikneiah, Obed Edom, and Jeiel, the gatekeepers -## gatekeepers ## - -people who guard gates \ No newline at end of file +The word "gatekeepers" refers to people who guard gates or entryways. Here it refers to guarding access to the ark of the covenant and applies to Obed Edom and Jeiel. AT: "Mikneiah, and the gatekeepers, Obed Edom and Jeiel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/19.md b/1ch/15/19.md index faeb6a0a14..6c4ec648dc 100644 --- a/1ch/15/19.md +++ b/1ch/15/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Connecting Statement: -## Alamoth … Sheminith ## +This continues the list of men whom the Levites appointed to sing and play music as the people brought the ark to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -The meaning of these words is not clear but may refer to a style of music. +# The musicians Heman, Asaph, and Ethan were appointed -## led the way ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Levites appointed the musicians Heman, Asaph, and Ethan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "led the other musicians" or "led the processional" \ No newline at end of file +# cymbals + +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Alamoth ... Sheminith + +The meaning of these words is not clear but may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# led the way + +"led the other musicians" or "led the processional" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/22.md b/1ch/15/22.md index 3673c95dae..af8c5b2611 100644 --- a/1ch/15/22.md +++ b/1ch/15/22.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +This continues the list of men whom the Levites appointed to sing and play music as the people brought the ark to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/25.md b/1ch/15/25.md index 772bb591e5..a5ca1c0ddf 100644 --- a/1ch/15/25.md +++ b/1ch/15/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## over thousands ## +# the commanders over thousands -AT: "of more than 1,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the word "thousands" represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders and led. AT: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "thousands" does not represent an exact numbers but is the name of a large military division. AT: "the commanders of large military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Obed Edom ## +# Obed Edom This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/27.md b/1ch/15/27.md index 80778bf912..924e635d02 100644 --- a/1ch/15/27.md +++ b/1ch/15/27.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -David was clothed with a robe of fine linen, as were the Levites who carried the ark, the singers, and Kenaniah, -AT: "David, the Levites, and the singers all wore fine linen robes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# David was clothed with a robe of fine linen, as were the Levites who carried the ark, the singers, and Kenaniah, the leader of the song with the singers -## linen ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "David, the Levites who carried the ark, the singers, and Kenaniah, the leader of the song with the singers all wore fine linen robes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This is a type of smooth, strong cloth. +# linen -## Kenaniah ## +a cloth made from fibers of the flax plant + +# Kenaniah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## So all Israel brought up the ark of the covenant of Yahweh ## +# So all Israel brought up the ark -AT: "So a great crowd of Israelites brought the ark of the covenant of Yahweh from the house of Obed Edom to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here the word "all" is a generalization. AT: "So a great crowd of Israelites brought up the ark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## horns ... cymbals ## +# cymbals -different types of musical instruments (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/29.md b/1ch/15/29.md index 1e634d7a5e..5003c2f75a 100644 --- a/1ch/15/29.md +++ b/1ch/15/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the ark of the covenant of Yahweh came to the city of David ## +# as the ark of the covenant of Yahweh came to the city of David -AT: "the people brought the ark of the covenant of Yahweh to the city of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"as the people brought the ark of the covenant of Yahweh to the city of David" -## Michal ## +# Michal This is the name of David's wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## despised him in her heart ## +# she despised him in her heart -AT: "deeply disrespected him in her thinking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" represents thoughts or emotions. AT: "she despised him" or "she hated him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/15/intro.md b/1ch/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7651ba785c --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapters 15 and 16 explain how David organized the priests and Levites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 5:5-15 because it contains a long list and instructions. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/01.md b/1ch/16/01.md index 8777fb4689..ddf0bc51ee 100644 --- a/1ch/16/01.md +++ b/1ch/16/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## They brought in the ark ## +# General Information: -AT: "The Israelites brought in the ark" +The word "they" in these verses refers to the priests and Levites. -## loaf of bread ## +# before God -one portion of baked, leavened bread +"to God" -## raisins ## +# When David had finished sacrificing the burnt offering and the fellowship offerings -These are dried grapes, a small fruit that grows on a vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a metonym for David directing the priests, who performed the actual sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he blessed the people in the name of Yahweh + +To bless "in the name of Yahweh" means to bless with Yahweh's power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He distributed to every Israelite + +This was done under David's authority and direction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cake of raisins + +a baked sweet bread made with dried grapes \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/04.md b/1ch/16/04.md index 827b3fb6f2..2ff0316d62 100644 --- a/1ch/16/04.md +++ b/1ch/16/04.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Zechariah, Jaaziel, Shemiramoth, Jehiel, Mattithiah, Eliab, Benaiah, Obed Edom, and Jeiel ... Benaiah and Jahaziel -## cymbals ... horns ## +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -different types of musical instruments (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +# second to him + +This means next to him in authority and position. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# cymbals + +These are two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/07.md b/1ch/16/07.md index 3acaee45dc..d49e1493ae 100644 --- a/1ch/16/07.md +++ b/1ch/16/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Then on that day ## +# on that day -This refers to the day the ark of the covenant was moved from the house of Obed Edom to Jerusalem. +Here "that day" refers to the day the ark of the covenant was moved from the house of Obed Edom to Jerusalem. -## song of thanksgiving ## +# song of thanksgiving -AT: "song giving thanks" +"song of giving thanks" -## call on his name ## +# call on his name -AT: "pray to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "his name" represents Yahweh. AT: "call on Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the nations + +This refers to the people in the nations. AT: "the people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/10.md b/1ch/16/10.md index 044109b679..a80b69fbce 100644 --- a/1ch/16/10.md +++ b/1ch/16/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## in his holy name ## +# Boast in his holy name -AT: "in who God is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "his holy name" represents Yahweh. AT: "Boast in who Yahweh is" or "Boast in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## let the heart of those who seek Yahweh ## +# let the heart of those who seek Yahweh rejoice -AT: "Those who want to know Yahweh better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +- Here "the heart" represents the person who seeks Yahweh. AT: "let the people who seek Yahweh rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Seek Yahweh and his strength; seek his presence continually ## +# Seek Yahweh and his strength -These phrases share similar meanings and are used for emphasis. AT: "Seek Yahweh and his power; seek to be near him always" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +To "seek Yahweh's strength" means to ask him to strengthen you. AT: "Seek Yahweh and ask him to give you his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# seek his presence continually + +"seek to be near him always" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/12.md b/1ch/16/12.md index bd95b98983..3fed54f489 100644 --- a/1ch/16/12.md +++ b/1ch/16/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Recall the marvelous things ## +# Recall -AT: "Remember the wonderful things" +"Remember" -## from his mouth ## +# his miracles and -AT: "that he spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The understood verb may be supplied. AT: "remember his miracles and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## you descendants of Israel his servant, you people of Jacob, his chosen ones ## +# decrees from his mouth + +Here "mouth" refers to the things that Yahweh spoke. AT: "decrees that he has spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you descendants of Israel his servant, you people of Jacob, his chosen ones These phrases share similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## His decrees are on all the earth ## +# His decrees are on all the earth -AT: "His laws are for all the people of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "all the earth" refers to all the people of the earth. AT: "His laws are for all the people of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/15.md b/1ch/16/15.md index 69aed8c636..b9d85e9f38 100644 --- a/1ch/16/15.md +++ b/1ch/16/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Keep his covenant in mind ## +# Keep his covenant ... for a thousand generations -AT: "Remember the covenant of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +These two phrases share similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. Here "word" refers to the covenant. AT: "Keep his covenant in mind forever, the promise that he made for a thousand generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a thousand generations ## +# Keep his covenant in mind + +This means to remember and think about his covenant. AT: "Remember his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a thousand generations "1,000 generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## He calls to mind ## +# He calls to mind -AT: "Yahweh remembers" +The phrase "calls to mind" means to remember something. AT: "He remembers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## as your share ## +# the covenant that he made with Abraham, and his oath to Isaac + +Both "the covenant" and "the oath" refer to the same promise that Yahweh made to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his oath to Isaac + +This refers to the oath that he had previously made to Issac. AT: "his oath that he made to Isaac" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# as your share "as your part" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/19.md b/1ch/16/19.md index 61d58150dd..ebe215f68f 100644 --- a/1ch/16/19.md +++ b/1ch/16/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## I said this when you were only few in number, so very few ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Yahweh said this when the Israelites were a very small group of people" +The words "you," "they," "them," and "their" in these verses refer to Israel. -## strangers in the land ## +# strangers in the land -"foreigners in the land" +It is implied that "the land" refers to Canaan. AT: "foreigners in the land of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## from nation to nation, from one kingdom to another ## +# from nation to nation, from one kingdom to another -These phrases share similar meanings and are use to emphasize how far the Israelites wandered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## He did not allow ## +# for their sakes -"Yahweh did not permit" +"for their own well-being" -## for their sakes ## +# Do not touch my anointed ones -"for them" \ No newline at end of file +Here "touch" means to harm. It is an exaggeration Yahweh used to strengthen his warning to not harm his people. AT: "Do not harm the people I have anointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/23.md b/1ch/16/23.md index 5321c920f6..936e414f2c 100644 --- a/1ch/16/23.md +++ b/1ch/16/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## all the earth ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Everything on earth brings glory to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# all the earth -## day after day ## +This refers to the people of the earth. AT: "all you people who live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# announce his salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated using the verb "save." AT: "announce that he has saved us" or "tell people that he is the one who saves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# day after day + +"every day" + +# Declare his glory among the nations + +"Tell all the people in every nation about his great glory" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/25.md b/1ch/16/25.md index 321c750d0c..c354e0c50d 100644 --- a/1ch/16/25.md +++ b/1ch/16/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Splendor and majesty are in his presence ## +# Yahweh is great and is to be praised greatly -AT: "Splendor and majesty are all around him." +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh is great. Praise him greatly" or "Yahweh is great, and people should praise him greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Strength and joy are in his place. ## +# he is to be feared above all other gods -AT: "Yahweh clearly shows his power and joy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "fear him above all other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Splendor and majesty are in his presence + +The author speaks as if splendor and majesty are people who can stand before a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# in his presence + +"all around him" or "where he is" + +# Strength and joy are in his place + +The author speaks as if strength and joy are people who can be in Yahweh's sanctuary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# in his place + +"in his temple" or "in his sanctuary" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/28.md b/1ch/16/28.md index ec192b5724..de9b08a3d2 100644 --- a/1ch/16/28.md +++ b/1ch/16/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Ascribe to Yahweh ## +# Ascribe to Yahweh -AT: "Give praise to Yahweh for..." +"Give praise to Yahweh" or "Praise Yahweh" -## due his name ## +# ascribe to Yahweh glory and strength -AT: "he deserves or he is worthy to receive (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract nouns "glory" and "strength" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "praise Yahweh because he is glorious and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Ascribe to Yahweh the glory his name deserves + +The abstract noun "glory" can be stated as a verb or adjective. AT: "Glorify Yahweh just as his name deserves" or "Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his name deserves + +Here "his name" refers to the person of God. AT: "due to him" or "he deserves" or "he is worthy to receive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Bow down to Yahweh + +The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. AT: "Bow down to worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# in the splendor of holiness + +The abstract nouns "splendor" and "holiness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "because he is gloriously beautiful and holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/30.md b/1ch/16/30.md index 09c664121d..ed80839901 100644 --- a/1ch/16/30.md +++ b/1ch/16/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Tremble before him ## +# Tremble -AT: "Show respectful fear at the thought of Him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +to shake because of fear -## Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice ## +# all the earth -AT: "Let everyone everywhere be glad." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a metonym for all the people who live on the earth. AT: "all the people of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice + +Possible meanings are 1) the heavens and the earth are spoken of as if they have emotions like people. AT: "Let it be as if the heavens are glad and the earth rejoices" or 2) "the heavens" and "the earth" are metonyms for those who dwell in those places. AT: "Let those who live in the heavens be glad and let those who live on the earth rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/32.md b/1ch/16/32.md index 71601f9cdd..d679dd7c6b 100644 --- a/1ch/16/32.md +++ b/1ch/16/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Let the sea roar ## +# that which fills it shout with joy -AT: "The sea will make a very loud shout". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The implied information is that this refers to all the creatures living in the sea. They are spoken of as if they should shout with joy like people might do. AT: "the sea creatures shout joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## that which fills it ## +# Let the fields be joyful, and all that is in them -AT: "the sea creatures" \ No newline at end of file +"Let the fields and all that is in them be joyful." The author speaks as if the fields and the animals that live in them have emotions like people. AT: "Let it be as if the fields themselves and all the animals that live in them are rejoicing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# let the trees in the forest shout for joy + +This speaks about the trees as if they were people who could shout for joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/34.md b/1ch/16/34.md index a4fc66ad40..db648a6fe2 100644 --- a/1ch/16/34.md +++ b/1ch/16/34.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." AT: "for he faithfully loves us forever" or "for he is faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# from the other nations + +Here "the other nations" represents the people in those nations. AT: "from the people of other nations" or "from the armies of other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# give thanks to your holy name + +Here Yahweh is referred to by his "holy name." AT: "give thanks to you" or "give thanks to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/36.md b/1ch/16/36.md index 98450e5b02..67c6102a8e 100644 --- a/1ch/16/36.md +++ b/1ch/16/36.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## from everlasting to everlasting ## +# from everlasting to everlasting -AT: "forever" +This refers to two extremes and means for all time. AT: "for all eternity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## All the people ## +# All the people -AT: "The people" or "Everyone who is there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a generalization that refers to the group of people assembled to worship Yahweh. AT: "The people" or "Everyone who was there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/37.md b/1ch/16/37.md index 17ca94817b..e7203ac9ae 100644 --- a/1ch/16/37.md +++ b/1ch/16/37.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +# his brothers -## as every day’s work required ## +"his relatives" -AT: "as was required everyday in the Mosaic Law" +# as every day's work required -## to serve before the tabernacle ## +The implied information is that they were to perform the daily duties that were given in the law of Yahweh. AT: "as was required every day by the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "to serve in or near the tabernacle" \ No newline at end of file +# Obed Edom ... Jeduthun ... Hosah + +These were the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# sixty-eight relatives + +"68 relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to serve before the tabernacle + +"to serve at the tabernacle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/40.md b/1ch/16/40.md index 9309eebc2e..841a516cfd 100644 --- a/1ch/16/40.md +++ b/1ch/16/40.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# General Information: -## They ## +The words "They" and "them" in these verses refer to the priests. -This refers to the men in verses 37-39. \ No newline at end of file +# continually + +"every day," + +# Heman and Jeduthun + +These were the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/42.md b/1ch/16/42.md index 3673c95dae..cb89165b06 100644 --- a/1ch/16/42.md +++ b/1ch/16/42.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# cymbals + +These are two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# guarded the gate + +The implied information is that they were to guard the entrance to the tabernacle. AT: "guarded the tabernacle gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/16/intro.md b/1ch/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7e6526868c --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapters 15 and 16 tell how David organized the priests and Levites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 16:8-36 because it is a psalm or song. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's psalm ##### +As David organized the priests in their work in the tent, he wrote a psalm of praise to Yahweh. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/01.md b/1ch/17/01.md index de4c1517fa..80a3f29dff 100644 --- a/1ch/17/01.md +++ b/1ch/17/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## settled ## +# It happened -to be comfortable and happy, without the desire to move or change. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## a house of cedar ## +# settled -The wood from cedar trees was considered the best wood for construction. +to be comfortable and happy, without the desire to move or change -## Do all that is within your heart ## +# I am living in a house of cedar -David is referred to by the part of the body associated with emotions. AT: "do what you would like to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Cedar is a kind of tree that is known for its strength. If you have an equivalent type of tree in your culture, you can use that name, otherwise you can reword this. AT: "I am living in a strong, permanent house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## God is with you ## +# the ark of the covenant of Yahweh is staying under a tent -Being in agreement with God is like working together with him because God will help you succeed. AT: "God agrees with what you want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Tents are temporary dwellings. If you do not have tents in your culture, you can word this differently. AT: "the ark of the covenant of Yahweh is staying in a temporary place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# do what is in your heart + +Here "heart" represents the mind. AT: "do what you think you should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God is with you + +Here "with you" means God is helping and blessing David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/03.md b/1ch/17/03.md index a245cc406f..0c15db2246 100644 --- a/1ch/17/03.md +++ b/1ch/17/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## the word of God came to Nathan and said ## +# the word of God came to Nathan, saying, -AT: "God spoke to Nathan and said" +The idiom "the word of God came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "God gave a message to Nathan. He said," or "God spoke this message to Nathan:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## that I brought up Israel ## +# saying, "Go and tell David my servant, 'This is what Yahweh says: You will not build me a house in which to live -AT: "that I brought the Israelites to the promised land from the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This has quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate them as indirect quotations. AT: "saying, 'Go and tell David my servant that he will not be the one to build a house in which I will live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## a tent, a tabernacle ## +# build me a house -Both the words "tent" and "tabernacle" describe the same thing. They are used together to be specific. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here "house" means a temple. In [1 Chronicles 17:10](./09.md) Yahweh will say that he will build a house for David. There "house" means a family. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 17:10. -## "Why have you not built me a house of cedar?" ## +# that I brought up Israel -AT: "You should have built me a house with expensive wood." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The implied information is that this refers to God bringing up Israel out of the land of Egypt. AT: "that I brought the Israelites to the promised land from the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a tent, a tabernacle + +Both the words "tent" and "tabernacle" describe the same thing and emphasize that he had lived in a place that was not a permanent building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# did I ever say anything to any of Israel's leaders whom I appointed to shepherd my people, saying, "Why have you not built me a house of cedar?" + +This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "did I ever ask any of Israel's leaders, whom I appointed to shepherd my people, why they had not built me a house of cedar?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# did I ever say anything to any of Israel's leaders + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he never asked any of Israel's leaders to build him a house. AT: "I never said anything to any of Israel's leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# whom I appointed to shepherd my people + +Those who are leaders of the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people were sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why have you not built me a house of cedar? + +If Yahweh had asked the leaders this question, he would have been using a question to scold them for not building him a house of cedar. But, Yahweh said previously that he did not ask them this question. AT: "You should have built me a house of cedar." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/07.md b/1ch/17/07.md index d9cfea83a2..2450c416c0 100644 --- a/1ch/17/07.md +++ b/1ch/17/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## I took you from the pasture ## +# General Information: + +Yahweh describes his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan. + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# tell my servant David + +Yahweh is still telling the prophet Nathan what he should tell David. + +# I took you from the pasture David's job as a shepherd is referred to by the place he watched his sheep. AT: "I took you from your job as a shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## pasture ## +# pasture -See how you translated this word in [1 Chronicles 4:39](../04/39.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is an area of land where animals feed on the grass. See how you translated this word in [1 Chronicles 4:39 and 4:40](../04/39.md). + +# I have been with you + +Here "with you" means that Yahweh has helped and blessed David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# cut off all your enemies + +Yahweh destroying David's enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh cut them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make you a name + +Here "name" represents a person's reputation. AT: "I will make your name to be great and well known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the great ones + +The phrase "great ones" means famous persons. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/09.md b/1ch/17/09.md index c6e33bba1c..c8bfba9c15 100644 --- a/1ch/17/09.md +++ b/1ch/17/09.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -God continues to speak the message Nathan is supposed to give to David. +# Connecting Statement: -## will plant them there ## +God continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan. -God refers to putting Israel in the promised land like a plant he has put in the ground. AT: "I will settle them there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# General Information: -## from the days that I commanded ## +The words "your" and "you" in these verses refer to David. -A time period of many generations is referred to by days. AT: "when I commanded" or "from the generations that I commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# I will appoint a place -## to be over my people Israel ## +"I will choose a place" -To be in authority is referred to as being over someone. AT: "to command my people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# will plant them there -## all your enemies...I tell you ## +God causing the people to live in the land permanently and securely is spoken of as if he would plant them in the land. AT: "I will settle them there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The words "your" and "you" refer to David. +# be troubled no more -## subdue ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will ever trouble them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -to make a person or animal unable to attack. +# from the days -## will build you a house ## +Here "days" represents a longer period of time. AT: "from the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Yahweh refers to giving David many descendants to rule over Israel as building him a house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I commanded judges + +After the people of Israel entered the land of Canaan and before they had kings to rule them, God appointed leaders called "judges" to lead them in times of trouble. + +# to be over my people Israel + +To be in authority is referred to as being over someone. AT: "to rule my people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# subdue + +to make a person or animal unable to attack + +# build you a house + +Here the metonym "house" refers to David's ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In [1 Chronicles 17:4](./03.md) God told David he would not be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There "house" represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 17:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/11.md b/1ch/17/11.md index 9e15d5fac7..8466a41a7b 100644 --- a/1ch/17/11.md +++ b/1ch/17/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## when your days are fulfilled ## +# Connecting Statement: -Life is referred to as a certain number of days. AT: "when you die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan. -## go to your fathers ## +# It will come about -This phrase refers to death as a place where David's ancestors are because they are already dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"It will happen" -## I will raise up your descendant ## +# when your days are fulfilled for you to go to your fathers -To put someone in leadership is referred to as raising them higher. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The two phrases "when your days are fulfilled" and "go to your fathers" have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. They both are polite ways to refer to death and dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## I will establish his throne ## +# I will raise up your descendant after you -The right to rule as king is described by the place where a king sits. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +God appointing David's descendant is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift him up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will establish his throne forever + +The right to rule as king is described by the place where a king sits. AT: "I will make his rule over Israel to last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/13.md b/1ch/17/13.md index cdfff609dc..d1a69c7175 100644 --- a/1ch/17/13.md +++ b/1ch/17/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## and his throne ## +# Connecting Statement: -A king's right to rule is referred to by the place a king sits. AT: "and his right to rule" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan. -## reported to him ## +# I will be a father to him, and he will be my son -"told him" \ No newline at end of file +The prophecy in 17:11-14 refers to Solomon, David's son. But, aspects of the prophecy will be fulfilled by Jesus. So, here it is best to translate the words "father" and "son" with your normal words for a biological father and son. + +# I will not take my covenant faithfulness away from him, as I took it from Saul + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as "faithfully." AT: "I will never stop faithfully loving him, as I stopped loving Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will set him over my house and in my kingdom forever, and his throne will be established forever + +These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that David's dynasty will last forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his throne will be established forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will establish his throne forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his throne + +A king's right to rule is referred to by the place a king sits. AT: "his right to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# reported to him + +"told him" + +# all these words + +Here "words" represents what Yahweh said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/16.md b/1ch/17/16.md index bce9c4552e..1915b46ce2 100644 --- a/1ch/17/16.md +++ b/1ch/17/16.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## he said ## +# he said "David said" -## Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family that you have brought me to this point? ## +# Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family, that you have brought me to this point? -David asks this question to express his gratitude that God has chosen to bless him even though he does not deserve it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +- David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh's proclamation. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## And this was a small thing ## +# this was a small thing Something that is not important is described as being small. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## in your sight ## +# in your sight -Yahweh's sight is used to refer to his understanding. AT: "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## What more can I, David, say to you? ## +# your servant's family -David uses this question to express that he cannot fully express his thankfulness to God. AT: "If I could say more to express my gratitude then I would but I do not know what else to say. " (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here David refers to himself as "your servant." This can be stated in first person. AT: "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## your servant ## +# for a great while to come -David refers to himself as Yahweh's servant. +This speaks about time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. AT: "and what will happen to them in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You have honored your servant. You have given your servant special recognition ## +# What more can I, David, say to you? -Both of these phrases have the same meaning. If your language only has one way to express "honor" and "recognition" then this can be translated as one phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +David uses this question to emphasize that he has nothing left to say to Yahweh. AT: "There is nothing more I can say to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your servant + +Here David refers to himself as "your servant." This can be stated in first person. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# You have honored your servant. You have given your servant special recognition + +These two phrases have similar meanings and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You have given your servant special recognition + +The abstract noun "recognition" can be translated using the verb "recognize." AT: "You have recognized your servant in a special way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/19.md b/1ch/17/19.md index 8d2a5e964b..59ba419a06 100644 --- a/1ch/17/19.md +++ b/1ch/17/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## your servant’s sake ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "my benefit" +David continues to speak to Yahweh. -## you rescued from Egypt ## +# your servant's sake -AT: "rescued from slavery in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here David refers to himself as "your servant." This can be stated in first person. AT: "my sake" or "my benefit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## great and awesome deeds ## +# to fulfill your own purpose -Both the words "great" and "awesome" are used to express the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +"to accomplish what you planned to do" + +# there is none like you, and there is no God besides you + +These phrases have similar meaning and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# as we have always heard + +Here "we" refers to David and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# what nation on earth ... by great and awesome deeds? + +This question expects a negative answer to make the point that there was no other nation like Israel. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "there is no nation on earth ... by great and awesome deeds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you rescued from Egypt + +The implied information is that they were rescued from slavery. AT: "you rescued from slavery in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to make a name for yourself + +Here "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. AT: "to make all people know who you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You drove out nations + +Here "nations" represents the people groups that were living in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/22.md b/1ch/17/22.md index 4621b6b9d1..f56e144ef8 100644 --- a/1ch/17/22.md +++ b/1ch/17/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## be established forever ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "continue forever" \ No newline at end of file +David continues to speak to Yahweh. + +# So now + +Here "now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# may the promise that you made concerning your servant and his family be established forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may you do what you promised to me and my family, and may your promise never change" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your servant and his family + +David is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. AT: "me and my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# May your name + +Here "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of me, David, your servant + +Here "house" represents family. AT: "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is established before you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "is secure because of you" or "continues because of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/25.md b/1ch/17/25.md index f90991f750..800a4cccf5 100644 --- a/1ch/17/25.md +++ b/1ch/17/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## will build him a house ## +# Connecting Statement: -To have children and develop a large family is described as building a house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +David continues to speak to Yahweh. -## have found courage ## +# your servant -AT: "become courageous enough" +David refers to himself as "your servant." This can be expressed in the first person. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## blessed it, and it will be blessed forever ## +# that you will build him a house -Means the same thing, repeated here for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the metonym "house" refers to David's ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In [1 Chronicles 17:4](./03.md) Yahweh tells David he would not be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There "house" represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 17:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I, your servant, have found courage + +The abstract noun "courage" can be expressed here as the verb "encouraged." AT: "I, your servant, am encouraged" + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# your servant's house + +David speaks of himself in the third person. This can be expressed in the first person. AT: "my house" or "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# You, Yahweh, have blessed it, and it will be blessed forever + +These two phrases have about the same meaning and are repeated here for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# it will be blessed forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will continue to bless it forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/17/intro.md b/1ch/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6d2b08d495 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Building the temple ##### +David wanted to build a temple for God but God would not allow him to. Instead he promised that his son, Solomon, would build the temple and he promised David would have a descendant who would be king forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forever]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/18/01.md b/1ch/18/01.md index e218378cb8..69649b08b2 100644 --- a/1ch/18/01.md +++ b/1ch/18/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## After this ## +# After this -"After God's promise to bless David" \ No newline at end of file +"After God's promise to bless David" + +# it came about + +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/18/03.md b/1ch/18/03.md index ec68d6caf4..2545e0401f 100644 --- a/1ch/18/03.md +++ b/1ch/18/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## Hadadezer ## +# David then defeated Hadadezer + +Here David and Hadadezer are spoken of as if they were alone, but the reader should understand that these kings represent their armies that were with them. AT: "David and his army then defeated the army of Hadadezer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Hadadezer This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Zobah ## +# Zobah This is the name of a country. -## a thousand chariots ## +# was traveling to establish his rule by the Euphrates River -"a 1000 chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"was going to the Euphrates river to conquer people in that area" -## seven thousand horsemen ## +# a thousand chariots -These are soldiers who rode on horses. "7000 horsemen" +"1,000 chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## twenty thousand footmen ## +# seven thousand horsemen -These are soldiers who walked. "20,000 footmen" +These are soldiers who rode on horses. "7,000 horsemen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## hamstrung ## +# twenty thousand footmen -to cripple a person or animal by cutting the hamstring muscle on the back of the thigh. +These are soldiers who walked. "20,000 footmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## reserved ## +# hamstrung -to keep for a special use. +to partially cripple a person or animal by cutting the hamstring muscle on the back of the thigh -## a hundred chariots ## +# reserved -"a 100 chariots" \ No newline at end of file +to keep for a special use + +# a hundred chariots + +"100 chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/18/05.md b/1ch/18/05.md index f28a2edc80..e321d201bf 100644 --- a/1ch/18/05.md +++ b/1ch/18/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## killed twenty-two thousand ## +# killed twenty-two thousand -two thousand** - "killed 22,000". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"killed 22,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## garrisons ## +# garrisons -groups of soldiers assigned to a particular area. \ No newline at end of file +groups of soldiers assigned to particular areas + +# Yahweh gave victory to David + +"Yahweh caused David to be victorious" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/18/07.md b/1ch/18/07.md index d33e92cac8..7d420fcfb0 100644 --- a/1ch/18/07.md +++ b/1ch/18/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Hadadezer ## +# Hadadezer -See how you translated his name in [1 Chronicles 18:3](./03.md). +This was the king of Zobah. See how you translated his name in [1 Chronicles 18:3](./03.md). -## Tibhath...Cun ## +# that were on Hadadezer's servants + +"that Hadadezar's servants carried" + +# Tebah ... Kun These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the bronze sea ## +# very much bronze + +"a large quantity of bronze" + +# It was with this bronze that Solomon later made the bronze basin called "The Sea," the pillars, and the bronze equipment + +The writer adds this background information to explain what would happen to this bronze at a later time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# the bronze basin called "The Sea," This a large bronze bowl, about 5 meters across, that was kept in the temple for ceremonial washing. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/18/09.md b/1ch/18/09.md index 448e9e57ef..90c6b6f400 100644 --- a/1ch/18/09.md +++ b/1ch/18/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Tou...Hadoram ## +# Tou ... Hadoram These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## fought against ## +# fought against -"been at war with" \ No newline at end of file +"been at war with" + +# set these objects apart to Yahweh + +"decided that these objects would only be used to worship Yahweh" + +# he carried away from all the nations + +"David took from all the nations that he defeated" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/18/12.md b/1ch/18/12.md index e43690ce81..a687c913dc 100644 --- a/1ch/18/12.md +++ b/1ch/18/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## Abishai...Zeruiah ## +# Abishai ... Zeruiah -These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## 18,000 Edomites ## +# eighteen thousand Edomites -"eighteen thousand Edomites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"18,000 Edomites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Valley of Salt ## +# Valley of Salt -This is the name of a valley between Edom and Judah that was used as a battlefield. - -## garrisons ## - -groups of soldiers assigned to a particular area. - -## all the Edomites became David's servants. ## - -"the people of Edom were forced to accept David to be their king and to pay money to David's government every year." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a valley between Edom and Judah that was used as a battlefield. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/18/14.md b/1ch/18/14.md index ee35d5ae28..d319f5afce 100644 --- a/1ch/18/14.md +++ b/1ch/18/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Zeruiah...Ahilud...Ahitub...Abiathar...Shavsha...Benaiah...Jehoiada ## +# over all Israel + +"over all the Israelites" + +# he administered justice and righteousness to all his people + +The abstract nouns "justice" and "righteousness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "he did what was just and right for all his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Zeruiah ... Ahilud ... Ahitub ... Abiathar ... Shavsha ... Benaiah ... Jehoiada These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## recorder ## +# recorder -the person who writes down details of special events. +the person who writes down details of special events -## Kerethites...Pelethites ## +# Ahimelech -These are the names of people groups. \ No newline at end of file +This spelling represents a correction of the spelling "Abimelech," which some versions follow. The corrected spelling makes this verse agree with [2 Samuel 8:17](../../2sa/08/15.md). + +# Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests + +Some versions correct this to say that Ahitub and Ahimelech were high priests. + +# Kerethites ... Pelethites + +These are the names of foreign people groups who became David's bodyguards. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/18/intro.md b/1ch/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dc0e312797 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's victories ##### +David conquered all kingdoms neighboring Israel. The gold, silver and bronze he received from these victories, he saved for building the temple. This may indicate that he believed that the victories were because of Yahweh and therefore the goods received in victory belonged to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/01.md b/1ch/19/01.md index 88ca4d50ec..bcb7759c0e 100644 --- a/1ch/19/01.md +++ b/1ch/19/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Nahash...Hanun ## +# It came about + +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# Nahash ... Hanun These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## I will show kindness...showed kindness ## +# I will show kindness ... showed kindness -AT: "I will be kind...was kind" +The abstract noun "kindness" can be stated as an action. AT: "I will be kind ... was kind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## console ## +# console "comfort" -## "Do you really think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you? ## +# Do you think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you? -AT: "You should not think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do not his servants come to you to explore and examine the land in order to overthrow it? ## +# Do not his servants come to you to explore and examine the land in order to overthrow it? -AT: "Surely his servants come to you to explore the land in order to overthrow it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely his servants come to you to explore the land in order to overthrow it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/04.md b/1ch/19/04.md index 19dff5211e..3791c86535 100644 --- a/1ch/19/04.md +++ b/1ch/19/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## garments ## +# So Hanun seized + +Hanun did not do this personally, but ordered his men to do it. AT: "So Hanun's men seized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# garments "clothes" -## he sent to meet with them, ## +# he sent to meet with them -"he sent some messengers to encourage them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"David sent some messengers to encourage them" -## deeply ashamed ## +# deeply ashamed -Shame is described as deep to show that it has greatly affected them. AT: "very ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +In this idiom, shame is described as deep to show that it has greatly affected them. AT: "very ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The king + +This refers to David. + +# then return + +"then return to Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/06.md b/1ch/19/06.md index 47e2473240..82100b2c7d 100644 --- a/1ch/19/06.md +++ b/1ch/19/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## become a stench to David ## +# saw that they had become a stench to David -The word "stench" refers to a bad smell. This describes the Ammonites as something unpleasant and unwanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "stench" refers to a bad smell. This describes the Ammonites as something unpleasant and unwanted. AT: "realized that they had become repulsive to David" or "realized that they had angered David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a thousand talents ## +# a thousand talents ... thirty-two thousand chariots -"1000 talents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"1,000 talents ... 32,000 talents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## talent ## +# talents -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +a talent was approximately 33 kilograms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## Naharaim...Maacah...Zobah...Medeba ## +# Naharaim ... Maacah ... Zobah ... Medeba -These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# thirty-two thousand chariots + +It is not clear if the Ammonites paid the entire thousand talents to the king of Maacah, or if they paid him only a portion of that amount and gave the rest to the other cities that sent additional chariots and horsemen. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/08.md b/1ch/19/08.md index 887592efcd..2f627658ad 100644 --- a/1ch/19/08.md +++ b/1ch/19/08.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no translation notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# heard of it + +"heard that the Ammonites were coming out for war" + +# to meet them + +"to fight against them" + +# at the city gate + +this refers to the gate of the Ammonite capital city + +# the kings who had come + +this refers to the Aramean kings that the Ammonites hired to help them fight Israel + +# by themselves in the field + +in the field outside the city, separate from the Ammonites \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/10.md b/1ch/19/10.md index 4261d601b5..21f13d72bc 100644 --- a/1ch/19/10.md +++ b/1ch/19/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## they were set out to fight ## +# the battle lines ... put them into battle lines -"organized for battle" +"the enemy soldiers lined up for battle ... arranged his soldiers in lines for battle" -## Abishai ## +# Abishai -this is the name of a man; David's brother (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of Joab's brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/12.md b/1ch/19/12.md index 8a780f579e..cbf8d1e1c0 100644 --- a/1ch/19/12.md +++ b/1ch/19/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Be strong ## +# Be strong ... show ourselves to be strong -"Be brave" +"Be brave ... behave bravely" -## let us show ourselves to be strong ## +# for our people and for the cities of our God -AT: "let us behave boldly". \ No newline at end of file +"for the sake of our people and for the cities of our God" or "to protect our people and the cities of our God" + +# what is good in his eyes + +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "what he considers to be good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/14.md b/1ch/19/14.md index 271c3014c5..a7b27d120d 100644 --- a/1ch/19/14.md +++ b/1ch/19/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## advanced to the battle ## +# advanced to the battle -AT: "moved forward to the battle" or "approached the enemy soldiers in the battle" \ No newline at end of file +"moved forward to the battle" or "approached the enemy soldiers in the battle" + +# Then Joab returned ... and went back to Jerusalem + +It does not appear that Joab and his soldiers continued to attack the Ammonites in their city. When the Ammonites went into their city, the battle ended and the Israelites returned home. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/16.md b/1ch/19/16.md index f5e8185b4b..11a39999f8 100644 --- a/1ch/19/16.md +++ b/1ch/19/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## the Arameans saw ## +# General Information: -AT: "the Arameans understood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Verses 16-19 describes a second battle when the Arameans who fled from Joab in [1 Chronicles 19:15](./14.md) were reinforced by other Arameans and attacked Israel again. -## reinforcements ## +# the Arameans saw -"more soliders" +What the Arameans understood is spoken of as what they saw. AT: "the Arameans understood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Shophach...Hadadezer ## +# sent for reinforcements + +"requested more soliders" + +# Shophak ... Hadadezer These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## When David was told this ## +# When David was told this -AT: When his messengers told David this (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: When David's messengers told him that a larger Aramean army was coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## arranged ## +# he gathered ... He arranged + +David did not do these things alone. His official and officers helped him. AT: "David and his officials gathered ... David and his officers arranged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all Israel + +This is a generalization. Not every person in Israel came to fight. AT: "a very large number of Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# arranged "organized" -## they fought him ## +# they fought him -AT: "the Arameans fought David and his soldiers" \ No newline at end of file +Here "him" refers to David's soldiers, in addition to David. AT: "the Arameans fought David and his soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/18.md b/1ch/19/18.md index f2f7a2cdcc..3e79c19980 100644 --- a/1ch/19/18.md +++ b/1ch/19/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## killed seven thousand ## +# killed seven thousand ... forty thousand -" killed 7000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +" killed 7,000 ... 40,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## forty thousand foot soldiers ## +# they were defeated by Israel -"40,000 foot soldiers" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Israel had defeated them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Shophach...Hadadezer ## +# they made peace with David and served them -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +They made the peace agreement with David as the king, and served the Israelites. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/19/intro.md b/1ch/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1ab90a831c --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the beginning of the story about the war against the Ammonites. This story continues in the first part of the next chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Insults ##### + +The young king of Ammon insulted David when he had David's servants shaved and cut off their garments. Knowing David was going to attack him for this, he hired mercenaries from Aram to help him. Israel was able to defeat the Aramean mercenaries. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/20/01.md b/1ch/20/01.md index 27ac00cdd4..2434b6f9ee 100644 --- a/1ch/20/01.md +++ b/1ch/20/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## devastated the land ## +# It came about -"destroyed the land" This refers to when an army will ruin the land where their enemies grow food. \ No newline at end of file +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# at the time when kings normally go to war + +This is background information from the author. It was harder to fight wars in the cold winter, so kings normally waited for spring to attack their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# kings normally go to war ... Joab led the army into battle + +Here "kings" is a metonym that means the kings sent their armies into battle. Joab was the commander of David's army. AT: "kings normally send their armies to war ... Joab led David's army into battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# devastated the land + +"destroyed the land." This refers to when an army will ruin the land where their enemies grow food. + +# He went and besieged Rabbah + +"He" refers to the soldiers as well as Joab. AT: "Joab and his soldiers surrounded Rabbah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/20/02.md b/1ch/20/02.md index 2d520bfc8c..2ac2053c4b 100644 --- a/1ch/20/02.md +++ b/1ch/20/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## talent ## +# talent -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## The crown was set on David’s head ## +# The crown was set on David's head -AT: "David's men placed the crown on his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) David put the crown on his own head or 2) David's men placed the crown on his head. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## plunder ## +# he brought out ... He brought out -valuable items taken in war. +These two occurrences of "he" refer to David, but they also refer to David's soldiers who helped David do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## David required all the cities of the people ## +# plunder + +valuable items taken in war + +# forced them to work with saws and iron picks and axes + +These terms describe difficult manual labor that the defeated people were forced to do. + +# David required all the cities of the people The people are referred to by their city. AT: "David required all the peoples of the cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/20/04.md b/1ch/20/04.md index ac828c127f..e9296da9c2 100644 --- a/1ch/20/04.md +++ b/1ch/20/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## Gezer...Gob ## +# It came about -These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Sibbecai...Sippai...Elhanan...Jari...Lahmi ## +# there was a battle at Gezer with the Philistines -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +"the Israelites battled the Philistines at Gezer" -## Hushathite...Rephaim...Bethlehemite...Gittite ## +# Gezer ... Gob + +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Sibbekai ... Sippai ... Elhanan ... Jair ... Lahmi + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hushathite ... Rephaim ... Bethlehemite ... Gittite These are the names of people groups. -## subdued ## +# the Philistines were subdued + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they subdued the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# subdued to control someone or something through the use of force. -## staff ## +# staff a long and thin pole. -## a weaver's rod ## +# the staff of whose spear was like a weaver's beam -a piece of wood used to stretch strings as the threads of a rug are weaved together around them. \ No newline at end of file +A weaver's beam was a very large piece of wood used to stretch strings as the threads of a rug are weaved together around them. This means the handle of Lahmi's spear was very large. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/20/06.md b/1ch/20/06.md index 46627bc09a..9991902d15 100644 --- a/1ch/20/06.md +++ b/1ch/20/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Rephaim ## +# It came about + +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# Rephaim This is the name given to a race of people who were very tall and strong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jehonadab...Shimmah ## +# Jehonadab ... Shimea These are the names of men. -## they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers ## +# These were descendants of the Rephaim of Gath -David and his soldiers are referred to by the part of their bodies used to hold a sword. AT: "David and his soldiers killed the descendants of the Rephaim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "these" refer to Sippai in [1 Chronicles 20:4](./04.md), Lahmi in [1 Chronicles 20:5](./04.md), and the giant in verse 6. + +# they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers + +David and his soldiers are referred to by the part of their bodies used to hold a sword. This can be stated in active form. AT: "David and his soldiers killed the descendants of the Rephaim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/20/intro.md b/1ch/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9e5a89be0e --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter ends the story of the war with Ammon and tells of giants being killed by David's soldiers. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "When kings normally go to war" ##### +It was advantageous for kings to go to war in the springtime. This was possibly due to the weather being neither too hot nor too cold. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "It came about" ##### +This is a phrase used to indicate the next event in a series. It can often be translated as "after," "then" or "next." +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/01.md b/1ch/21/01.md index 0d7a6f047f..f5de8951fe 100644 --- a/1ch/21/01.md +++ b/1ch/21/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## An adversary arose against Israel ## +# An adversary arose against Israel -To become higher describes becoming more powerful. AT: "An enemy of Israel became more powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Possible meanings of "adversary" are 1) this refers to Satan who decided to cause trouble for Israel or 2) this refers to an enemy army that began to threaten Israel. -## incited ## +# incited -To have caused someone to act. +to have caused someone to act -## from Beersheba to Dan ## +# count the people of Israel ... that I may know their number + +It is apparent from [1 Chronicles 21:5](./04.md) that David wanted to count only the men who were able to fight. + +# from Beersheba to Dan The Israelites considered these two cities their most southern and most northern cities. David uses these cities to refer to all of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## a hundred times greater than it is ## +# a hundred times greater than it is Joab expresses the desire for an army the size of 100 armies to say he would like the army to have more soldiers and be more powerful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## But my lord king, do they not all serve my lord. Why does my lord want this? Why bring guilt on Israel?" ## +# But my master the king, do they not all serve my master? Why does my master want this? Why bring guilt on Israel? -AT: But my lord king, they all serve you already. My lord should not request this. You will only bring guilt on the people of Israel by your desire for military power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +Job uses these three rhetorical questions to tell David that the census was a bad idea. It appears that David was trusting the size of his army instead of trusting Yahweh, and thus making Israel guilty of sin. These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. AT: But my master the king, they all serve you already. My master should not request this. You will only bring guilt on the people of Israel by trusting your military power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why does my Lord want this? ## +# Why does my master want this? The word "this" refers to David's plan to count all the men of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/04.md b/1ch/21/04.md index 3cf93301cd..aa95090c71 100644 --- a/1ch/21/04.md +++ b/1ch/21/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## the king’s word was final ## +# the king's word was enforced against Joab -This phrase refers to king David's order to be final because he would not change his order after it was given. AT: "the king's order was not going to change" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"the command of the king prevailed despite Joab's objections" -## men who drew the sword ## +# So Joab left and went throughout all Israel -The soldiers in Israel are described by the action of pulling out a sword to fight with. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +It may be helpful to add the words "to count the people" to make the meaning clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# 1,100,000 men + +"one million, one hundred thousand men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# men who drew the sword + +The soldiers in Israel are described by the action of pulling out a sword to fight with it. AT: "men who were prepared to serve as soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# 470,000 soldiers + +"four hundred seventy thousand soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/06.md b/1ch/21/06.md index 3248216907..9ba5b3985d 100644 --- a/1ch/21/06.md +++ b/1ch/21/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## But Levi and Benjamin were not counted among them ## +# But Levi and Benjamin were not counted among them -AT: "But Joab did not count the men from the tribes of Levi and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The Levites were supposed to lead worship and not to fight. It is unclear why Joab did not count Benjamin. This can be stated in active voice. AT: "But Joab did not count the men from the tribes of Levi and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## by this action ## +# the king's command had disgusted Joab -"this action" refers to David's plan to count all the men of Israel who are able to fight. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joab was offended by what David had commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## take away your servant's guilt ## +# by this action -Forgiveness is described as having guilt taken away. AT: "forgive me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "this action" refers to David's plan to count all the men of Israel who are able to fight. -## your servant's guilt ## +# so he attacked Israel + +The nature of this attack is not clear. It was apparently enough to cause David to realize that Yahweh was angry with him for counting the people. + +# take away your servant's guilt + +This is an idiom. Forgiveness is here spoken of as having guilt taken away. AT: "forgive me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your servant's guilt David refers to himself as God's servant. AT: "my guilt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/09.md b/1ch/21/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 887592efcd..0000000000 --- a/1ch/21/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/11.md b/1ch/21/11.md index 15d4c93945..6b846bb0ba 100644 --- a/1ch/21/11.md +++ b/1ch/21/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## being caught by their swords ## +# being caught by their swords -This phrase is a mild way to describe being killed by the enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Here "their swords" represents death in battle. AT: "being killed by them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Yahweh's sword ## +# Yahweh's sword, that is, a plague in the land -This phrase describes Yahweh's method of killing by the tool a soldier would use to kill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the plague is spoken of as Yahweh's sword because the "sword" is a metonym for death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## destroying ## +# destroying -AT: "killing" \ No newline at end of file +"killing" + +# I should take to the one who sent me + +The one who sent him was Yahweh. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "I should take to Yahweh who sent me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/13.md b/1ch/21/13.md index 036ac572a6..c96d2bff24 100644 --- a/1ch/21/13.md +++ b/1ch/21/13.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## I am in deep trouble ## +# Let me fall into the hand of Yahweh rather than into the hand of man -AT: "I am in a great amount of trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "hand" represents power to harm or punish Israel. AT: "Let me be punished by Yahweh, rather than be punished by people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Let me fall into Yahweh's hands rather than into the hands of people, for his merciful actions are very great." ## +# Let me fall -AT: "Let me come under the control of Yahweh, rather than under the control of people, for Yahweh is very merciful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The people of Israel are the ones who would die from the plague, but David is personalizing this judgment as if he himself was being killed. -## and seventy thousand people died ## +# hand of man -"and 70,000 people died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Here "man" is used in the generic sense of "people." -## changed his mind ## +# his merciful actions are very great -To change a decision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Yahweh is very merciful" -## draw back your hand ## +# on Israel -Yahweh tells the destroying angel to stop killing the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here Israel is a metonym that represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the angel of Yahweh was standing ## +# seventy thousand people died -The angel of Yahweh is described as something that would stand as a person would stand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"70,000 people died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Ornan ## +# changed his mind about the harm + +Here "mind" represents his decision. AT: "decided not to destroy Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Enough! + +This exclamation means "You have killed enough people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# draw back your hand + +This is an idiom that means to stop doing something. AT: "do not kill attack the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Ornan This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/16.md b/1ch/21/16.md index 90a9fd70a6..c05f9dd936 100644 --- a/1ch/21/16.md +++ b/1ch/21/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## having a drawn sword in his hand ## +# standing between earth and heaven -AT: "ready to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is symbolic language to indicate that the angel was sent from Yahweh in heaven to judge the people on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## Is it not I that commanded that the army be numbered? ## +# having a drawn sword in his hand raised over Jerusalem -AT: "I am the one who commanded that the army be numbered." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The angel holding a sword in his hand is a symbolic action that shows he is ready to attack Jerusalem. This is symbolic, because the judgment was sickness. AT: "holding a sword in his hand as if ready to attack Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## But these sheep ## +# clothed in sackcloth, lay facedown on the ground -David describes the people of Israel as a type of animal that will trust and follow a leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These were symbols of repentance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## what have they done? ## +# Is it not I that commanded that the army be numbered? -AT: "They certainly have done nothing that deserves punishment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +David uses this question to emphasize that his is the one who sinned by counting the people. AT: "I am the one who commanded that the army be numbered." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But these sheep + +David speaks of the people of Israel as if they were sheep, who are known for trusting and following their leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# what have they done? + +David uses this question to asks God not to punish the people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "they certainly have done nothing that deserves punishment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Let your hand strike me and my family + +Here "hand" represents Yahweh's power to punish. AT: "Punish me and my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/18.md b/1ch/21/18.md index e06b8faecc..eb08f226e3 100644 --- a/1ch/21/18.md +++ b/1ch/21/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Ornan ## +# David should go up ... went up -See how you translated his name in [1 Chronicles 21:13](./13.md). +This is a reference to elevation. This threshing floor which became the future site of the temple was the highest point in Jerusalem. -## as Gad instructed him to do in the name of Yahweh ## +# Ornan -AT: "as Gad, speaking with Yahweh's authority, had told David to do." \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 21:15](./13.md). + +# as Gad instructed him to do in the name of Yahweh + +Speaking "in the name of Yahweh" means speaking with his power and authority, or as his representative. AT: "as Gad, speaking for Yahweh, instructed David to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# hid themselves + +They were afraid of the angel. This can be made explicit. AT: "hid themselves because they were afraid of the angel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/21.md b/1ch/21/21.md index 3f971a845c..28de0a517b 100644 --- a/1ch/21/21.md +++ b/1ch/21/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## with his face to the ground ## +# with his face to the ground -This phrase describes that Ornan bowed far forward. To bow before someone is a way to show humility and respect. A deeper bow shows greater humility and respect. +This phrase describes that Ornan bowed far forward. To bow before someone is a way to show humility and respect. A deeper bow shows greater humility and respect. AT: "bowed very low to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## full price ## +# full price -AT: "I will pay the full price this threshing floor is worth" \ No newline at end of file +"I will pay the full price for what this threshing floor is worth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/23.md b/1ch/21/23.md index d8274fb5da..1c5ad2d77d 100644 --- a/1ch/21/23.md +++ b/1ch/21/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Take it as your own ## +# Take it as your own -AT: "Take it as a gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This implies that David should take the land without paying for it. AT: "Take it as a gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## what is good in your sight ## +# what is good in your sight -David's understanding is described as his sight. AT: "what seems good to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +David's understanding is described as his sight. AT: "whatever you decide to do with it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## threshing sledges ## +# threshing sledges -a wooden sled with rocks or metal fitted underneath, used to separate grain from its stalks by pulling it over wheat placed on the threashing floor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are wooden sleds with rocks or metal fitted underneath, dragged by oxen over the grain on the threshing floor to separate the grain from its stalks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# full price + +See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 21:22](./21.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/25.md b/1ch/21/25.md index 0b6f69a32d..49f450c7e3 100644 --- a/1ch/21/25.md +++ b/1ch/21/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## six hundred shekels of gold ## +# six hundred shekels of gold "600 shekels of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## shekels ## +# shekels -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## he called on Yahweh ## +# for the place -"he prayed to Yahweh for help" +"to buy the threshing floor" -## the angel put his sword back into its sheath ## +# He called on Yahweh -the angel put his sword back into its sheath AT: the angel stopped killing people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"He prayed for help to Yahweh" -## sheath ## +# who answered him with fire from heaven on the altar for burnt offerings -a cover for a sword or knife. \ No newline at end of file +"who answered him by sending fire from heaven to the alter where David would offer the burnt offerings" + +# the angel put his sword back into its sheath + +The angel putting his sword back in the sheath is a symbolic action to show that he would not continue to kill the people. AT: the angel put his sword in its sheath to show that he would stop killing the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# sheath + +a cover for a sword or knife \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/28.md b/1ch/21/28.md index 648fa45bd2..aa4ea115a1 100644 --- a/1ch/21/28.md +++ b/1ch/21/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Ornan ## +# Ornan -See how you translated his name in [1 Chronicles 21:13](./13.md). +Translate his name as in [1 Chronicles 21:15](./13.md). -## God's direction ## +# Now at that time ... the angel of Yahweh -AT: God to tell him what he should do" +Verses 29-30 are background information to explain why David offered this sacrifice at the threshing floor instead of on the altar at the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## afraid of the sword of the angel of Yahweh ## +# to ask for God's direction -AT: "afraid he would be killed by the angel of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"to ask God to tell him what he should do" + +# afraid of the sword of the angel of Yahweh + +Here "sword" represents being killed by the angel of Yahweh. AT: "afraid he would be killed by the angel of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/21/intro.md b/1ch/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3098c59881 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 21 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +To trust in one's own power instead of God's protection is a sin. David had been trusting God to protect him, but now he counted the men of military age so he could know the strength of his army. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/01.md b/1ch/22/01.md index 564d8d291f..76ab942910 100644 --- a/1ch/22/01.md +++ b/1ch/22/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## stonecutters ## +# This is where + +"This threshing floor is where" + +# stonecutters These are persons who gathered large stones and cut them to the correct size so builders could use the rocks in walls and buildings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/03.md b/1ch/22/03.md index 3abf2af618..5da5641a89 100644 --- a/1ch/22/03.md +++ b/1ch/22/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## braces ## +# braces -"clamps" or "hinges." This are items that connect two things together. +"clamps" or "hinges." These are items that connect two things together. -## than could be weighed ## +# more bronze than could be weighed -AT: "than anyone could weigh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is an exaggeration to show that there was a very large quantity of bronze. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so much bronze that no one could weigh it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## than could be counted ## +# more cedar trees than could be counted -AT: "than anyone could count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is an exaggeration to show that there was a very large number of cedar trees. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so many cedar trees that no one could count them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## the house that is to be built for Yahweh ## +# The Sidonians and the Tyrians brought too many cedar logs to David to count -AT: "Yahweh's house" or "the house that he will build for Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +This is background information to explain who provided so many logs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# the house that is to be built for Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the house that he will build for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so that it will be famous and glorious in all other lands + +Here the word "lands" refers to the people who lived there. AT: "so that people in every other land will know about it and think that it is glorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# prepare for its building + +"prepare to build it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/06.md b/1ch/22/06.md index 107e23e06a..4e891d3387 100644 --- a/1ch/22/06.md +++ b/1ch/22/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## he called ## +# he called "David called" -## commanded him to build...my intention to build ## +# commanded him to build ... my intention to build -"commanded laborers to build... my plan was to hire laborers to build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The readers should understand that David intended for laborers to do the actual work. AT: "commanded him to oversee the building of a house for Yahweh ... my plan to oversee the building of the house myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for the name of Yahweh my God ## +# it was my intention -AT: "to honor Yahweh my God" +"I intended" -## You have shed much blood ## +# to build a house myself -AT: "you have killed many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The reflexive "myself" means that David originally planned to build the temple. AT: "that I would be the one to build the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## You will not build a house for my name ## +# for the name of Yahweh my God -AT: "You will not build a temple to honor me" +Here "name" represents God's honor. AT: "in order to honor Yahweh my God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## because you have shed much blood on the earth in my sight ## +# shed much blood -AT: "because I know that you have killed many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the killing of people is spoken of as shedding their blood, where "blood" represents their lives. AT: "killed many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for my name + +Here "name" represents God's honor. AT: "to honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have shed ... in my sight + +Here "sight" refers to what God has seen. AT: "I have seen that you have shed much blood on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/09.md b/1ch/22/09.md index 7c5286a873..6adaecb3fc 100644 --- a/1ch/22/09.md +++ b/1ch/22/09.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + David continues telling Solomon what Yahweh said to him. -## on every side ## +# be a peaceful man + +"live at peace with everyone" + +# give him rest from all his enemies + +"cause there to be peace between him and all his enemies" + +# on every side This means in every place surrounding Israel. -## in his days ## +# For his name will be Solomon -"while he rules over Israel" +The name "Solomon" sounds like the Hebrew word for "peace." This can be made explicit. AT: "His name will be Solomon, which sounds like the word for peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## a house for my name ## +# in his days -AT: "a temple to honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"while he rules" -## He will be my son, and I will be his father ## +# a house for my name + +Here "name" refers to honor. AT: "a temple to honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He will be my son, and I will be his father God will treat Solomon as if he were God's own son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will establish the throne of his kingdom over Israel forever ## +# I will establish the throne of his kingdom over Israel forever -Here "throne" refers to the authority to rule as king. AT: "I will make his descendants rule over Israel forever" \ No newline at end of file +Here "throne" refers to the authority to rule as king. AT: "I will make his descendants rule over Israel forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/11.md b/1ch/22/11.md index 1841f12c2b..c665ba1449 100644 --- a/1ch/22/11.md +++ b/1ch/22/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + David continues speaking to Solomon. -## Now ## +# Now David uses this word to introduce something important he is about to say. -## May you build ## +# May you build -AT: "May you succeed in directing the building" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Solomon would not personally do the building, but he would direct others to do it. AT: "May you direct people to build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## when he places you in charge over Israel ## +# when he places you in charge over Israel -"when he makes you king of Israel" \ No newline at end of file +"when he makes you king of Israel" + +# Be strong and courageous ... Do not fear or be discouraged + +These two sentences mean the same thing, stated in different ways in order to emphasize that Solomon should not be afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/14.md b/1ch/22/14.md index 6a507d2d8e..449a656ff6 100644 --- a/1ch/22/14.md +++ b/1ch/22/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + David continues speaking to Solomon. -## Now ## +# Now, see, at great -This introduces something important David is about to say. +The words "Now, see" introduce something important David is about to say. AT: "Listen! At great" -## talents ## +# at great effort I have prepared -A talent is a unit of weight. It is equal to 33 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +"I have worked hard to prepare" -## one million ## +# 100,000 talents -"1,000,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"one hundred thousand talents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# talents + +A talent is a unit of weight. It is equal to 33 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# one million + +"1,000,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# You must add more to all this + +"You will need to increase that amount" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/15.md b/1ch/22/15.md index 79880e4abd..6772d253d6 100644 --- a/1ch/22/15.md +++ b/1ch/22/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + David continues speaking to Solomon. -## stonecutters, masons ## +# stonecutters, masons These are both workers who cut stone and prepare it for builders to use in walls and buildings. -## carpenters ## +# carpenters -These are persons who work with wood. \ No newline at end of file +These are persons who work with wood. + +# skillful craftsmen without number of every kind + +Here "without number" is an exaggeration to emphasize that there were a large number of them. AT: "a very large number of every kind of skillful craftsmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# may Yahweh be with you + +This is an idiom that implies that Yahweh will help Solomon be successful in the project. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/17.md b/1ch/22/17.md index 9d6311fe35..e51edd6d19 100644 --- a/1ch/22/17.md +++ b/1ch/22/17.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## your...you ## +# Yahweh your God is with you -These pronouns are plural in 22:18-19. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +This is an idiom that implies that Yahweh will help Israel to prosper. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## has given you peace on every side ## +# your ... you -"has given you peace from war in every place around Israel" +These pronouns are plural in [1 Chronicles 22:18-19](./17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## He has handed over to me the region's inhabitants ## +# has given you peace on every side -AT: "He has given me power over everyone who lives around us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"has caused all the nations who live around Israel to live peacefully with you" -## The region is subdued before Yahweh and his people ## +# He has given the region's inhabitants into my hand -AT: "Yahweh and his people control their land" +Here "hand" refers to power to defeat his enemies. AT: "He has given me power over everyone who lives around us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Now ## +# The region is subdued before Yahweh and his people + +This can be stated in active form. "The other nations no longer attack Yahweh and his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Now This word introduces something important that David is about to say. -## all your heart and your soul ## +# seek Yahweh your God -"sincerely" or "wholeheartedly" +Seeking Yahweh represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Get up and build the sanctuary ## +# with all your heart and your soul -AT: "Get up and direct the workers as they build the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +Here "heart" and "soul" refer to the whole person. AT: "with your whole being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the house built for Yahweh's name ## +# Get up and build the holy place -AT: "the temple you will build to honor Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +It is understood that Solomon will not do the work personally, but he will direct others to do it. AT: "Get up and direct the workers as they build the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house built for Yahweh's name + +Here "name" refers to honor. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the temple you will build to honor Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/22/intro.md b/1ch/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2d422fa671 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a new section lasting for the remainder of the book. David begins preparing the things needed for building the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Solomon ##### +In addition to preparing for the construction of the temple by gathering supplies, David also prepares his son, Solomon, to build the temple. David instructs Solomon to obey God. This is what is most necessary. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/01.md b/1ch/23/01.md index 8c8d7ad95a..63edf0ccd6 100644 --- a/1ch/23/01.md +++ b/1ch/23/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -(David appoints Solomon as his successor and organizes Levitical priests and staff for temple service) +# General Information: -## The Levites who were thirty years old and older were counted ## +David appoints Solomon as his successor and organizes Levitical priests and staff for temple service. -AT: "Some of David's men counted the Levites who were 30 years old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# The Levites who were thirty years old and older were counted -## They numbered thirty-eight thousand ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Some of David's men counted the Levites who were 30 years old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -eight thousand** - AT: "There were 38,000" \ No newline at end of file +# They numbered thirty-eight thousand + +"There were 38,000 of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/04.md b/1ch/23/04.md index 9192f8d0f7..2352dbd089 100644 --- a/1ch/23/04.md +++ b/1ch/23/04.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Of these, twenty four thousand ## +# Of these, twenty-four thousand -AT: "Of these Levities, 24,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"Of these Levities, 24,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## six thousand ## +# six thousand -"6,000 Levites" +"6,000 Levites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## officers and judges ## +# officers and judges -These Levites listened to legal arguments and administered justice according to the Law of Moses. +These Levites listened to legal arguments and administered justice according to the law of Moses. -## four thousand ## +# four thousand -"4,000 Levites" +"4,000 Levites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## gatekeepers ## +# gatekeepers -These Levites guarded the temple entrance so no one unclean entered. +These Levites guarded the temple entrance so no person who was ceremonially unclean entered. -## that corresponded to ## +# that corresponded to "based on" or "according to the descendants of" -## Gershon, Kohath, and Merari ## +# Gershon, Kohath, and Merari These are names of Levi's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/07.md b/1ch/23/07.md index 6cf0c19501..c512129456 100644 --- a/1ch/23/07.md +++ b/1ch/23/07.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + This is the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/10.md b/1ch/23/10.md index f83de5c0f6..f47aef5fb6 100644 --- a/1ch/23/10.md +++ b/1ch/23/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## so they were considered as one clan ## +# so they were considered as one clan -AT: "so David considered them as one clan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so David considered them to be one clan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/12.md b/1ch/23/12.md index 1aa03c8b22..48d3abd634 100644 --- a/1ch/23/12.md +++ b/1ch/23/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## There were four of Kohath's sons ## +# There were four of Kohath's sons -AT: "Kohath had 4 sons" +"Kohath had 4 sons" -## Aaron and his descendants were chosen on a permanent basis to consecrate ## +# Aaron was chosen to set apart the most holy things -AT: "Yahweh chose Aaron and his descendants to purify" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh chose Aaron to dedicate the most holy things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to give blessings in his name forever ## +# to give blessings in his name forever -AT: "to bless the people as representatives of God forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "in his name" refers to the authority to speak as his representative. AT: "to bless the people as representatives of God forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## his sons were considered to be Levites ## +# his sons were considered to be Levites -AT: "his sons were a part of the Levite clan." The sons of Moses were Levites. \ No newline at end of file +The sons of Aaron were the most important Levite clan, but the sons of Moses were also considered to be Levites. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people considered Moses' sons to be part of the Levite clan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/15.md b/1ch/23/15.md index 8cf17d7fc9..685e4e4093 100644 --- a/1ch/23/15.md +++ b/1ch/23/15.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/19.md b/1ch/23/19.md index 8cf17d7fc9..dce1fb2c50 100644 --- a/1ch/23/19.md +++ b/1ch/23/19.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the oldest ... the second ... the third ... the fourth + +It can be stated that these were all sons. AT: "the oldest son ... the second son ... the third son ... the fourth son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/21.md b/1ch/23/21.md index 8cf17d7fc9..685e4e4093 100644 --- a/1ch/23/21.md +++ b/1ch/23/21.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/24.md b/1ch/23/24.md index fc2725c55a..edc64cee3a 100644 --- a/1ch/23/24.md +++ b/1ch/23/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## These were Levi's descendants corresponding to their clans. They were the leaders, counted and listed by name, of the clans ## +# These were Levi's descendants corresponding to their clans. They were the leaders, counted and listed by name, of the clans -AT: "These were the names of Levi's descendants and their families, whom David's men counted and listed. They were the leaders of the clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "These were the names of Levi's descendants and their families, whom David's men counted and listed. They were the leaders of the clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## from twenty years old and upward ## +# from twenty years old and upward -AT: "from 20 years old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"from 20 years old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## and all the equipment used in its service ## +# has given rest -AT: "and all the equipment they used in its service" \ No newline at end of file +Here "rest" refers to peace with surrounding nations. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Chronicles 22:9](../22/09.md). + +# He makes his home in Jerusalem forever + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will be present in Jerusalem forever or 2) Yahweh's temple will be present in Jerusalem forever. + +# all the equipment used in its service + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the equipment they used in its service" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/27.md b/1ch/23/27.md index 9a561a4df5..a715741e2e 100644 --- a/1ch/23/27.md +++ b/1ch/23/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## For by David's last words the Levites were counted ## +# For by David's last words the Levites were counted -AT: "For David's last command was for his men to count the Levites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For David's last command was for his men to count the Levites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## from twenty years old and upward ## +# from twenty years old and upward -AT: "who were 20 years old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"who were 20 years old and older." See how you translated this phrase in [1 Chronicles 23:24](./24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## bread of the presence ## +# bread of the presence -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 9:30](../09/30.md). +See the Translation Word page about "bread" for the specific definition of "bread of the presence." See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 9:32](../09/30.md). -## flour ## +# flour -a powder that a person makes by grinding grain - -## the offerings mixed with oil ## - -AT: "the offerings that someone has mixed with oil" \ No newline at end of file +grain that is ground into a powder \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/30.md b/1ch/23/30.md index 83d1eee92a..1f135d1eff 100644 --- a/1ch/23/30.md +++ b/1ch/23/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## They also stood ## +# They also stood -"The Levites also stood" +"The Levites also stood at the temple" -## whenever burnt offerings were offered to Yahweh ## +# whenever burnt offerings were offered to Yahweh -AT: "whenever the priests offered burnt offerings to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whenever the priests offered burnt offerings to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## new moon festivals ## +# new moon festivals These holidays marked the beginning of each new month. -## A fixed number, assigned by decree, always had to be present before Yahweh ## +# A fixed number, assigned by decree, always had to be present before Yahweh -AT: "It was the duty of a certain number of the Levites to always be present in making offerings to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +"A specific number of the Levites were always assigned to be present at the temple to make offerings to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/32.md b/1ch/23/32.md index 5e8a5f9a03..43d0136756 100644 --- a/1ch/23/32.md +++ b/1ch/23/32.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this verse. \ No newline at end of file +# They were in charge of + +"The Levites were responsible for" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/23/intro.md b/1ch/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aa44a969a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The preparation for the construction of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 23:7-23 because they are long lists. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Organizing the Levites ##### +As priests, the Levites had a significant role in the construction of the temple. David organized the Levites according to their families and explained what each group was to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/01.md b/1ch/24/01.md index da357557c9..b23d0b5a3b 100644 --- a/1ch/24/01.md +++ b/1ch/24/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar ## +# General Information: -See how you translated these names in [1 Chronicles 6:1](../06/01.md). +This chapter describes how the Levites in the previous chapter were divided into work groups with different assignments. -## Ahimelech ## +# Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar + +Translate the names of these men as in [1 Chronicles 6:3](../06/01.md). + +# Ahimelech This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## divided them into groups ## +# divided them into groups "divided the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar into groups" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/04.md b/1ch/24/04.md index 489e3bc497..e6fd635a0a 100644 --- a/1ch/24/04.md +++ b/1ch/24/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## they divided ## +# they divided "David, Zadok, and Ahimelech divided" -## sixteen groups ## +# sixteen groups "16 groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## These divisions were eight in number, corresponding to their clans ## +# heads of clans -"There were 8 divisions based on the clans of Ithamar's descendants" \ No newline at end of file +Here "heads" is a metaphor for the more important people—the leaders of the clans. AT: "leaders of the clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# These divisions were eight in number, corresponding to their clans + +"There were 8 divisions based on the clans of Ithamar's descendants" + +# They divided them impartially by lot + +They divided them by lot so that the divisions would be fair" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/06.md b/1ch/24/06.md index 36848d5cb3..f546ab41a5 100644 --- a/1ch/24/06.md +++ b/1ch/24/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Shemaiah ## +# Shemaiah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Nethanel ## +# Nethanel -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 15:22](../15/22.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 15:24](../15/22.md). -## Ahimelech ## +# Ahimelech -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 18:14](../18/14.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 18:16](../18/14.md). -## One clan was drawn by lot from Eleazar's descendants, and then the next would be drawn from Ithamar's descendants ## +# One clan was drawn by lot from Eleazar's descendants, and then the next would be drawn from Ithamar's descendants -AT: "They chose one by lot from Eleazar's descendants, then they would choose by lot one from Ithamar's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They chose one by lot from Eleazar's descendants, then they would choose by lot one from Ithamar's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/07.md b/1ch/24/07.md index 96e3fe2214..6c2f70a726 100644 --- a/1ch/24/07.md +++ b/1ch/24/07.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -This is the order of service that David, Zadok, and Ahimelech chose by lot for the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +This is the order of service for the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/11.md b/1ch/24/11.md index 96e3fe2214..6c2f70a726 100644 --- a/1ch/24/11.md +++ b/1ch/24/11.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -This is the order of service that David, Zadok, and Ahimelech chose by lot for the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +This is the order of service for the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/15.md b/1ch/24/15.md index c94c714df8..6c2f70a726 100644 --- a/1ch/24/15.md +++ b/1ch/24/15.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -This concludes the order of service that David, Zadok, and Ahimelech chose by lot for the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +This is the order of service for the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/19.md b/1ch/24/19.md index ce76e277f6..933c638dc4 100644 --- a/1ch/24/19.md +++ b/1ch/24/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## following the procedure given to them by Aaron their ancestor ## +# following the procedure given to them by Aaron their ancestor -AT: "following the rules that Aaron their ancestor gave them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "following the rules that Aaron their ancestor gave them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/20.md b/1ch/24/20.md index 2579115b40..a799514eeb 100644 --- a/1ch/24/20.md +++ b/1ch/24/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,11 @@ -This begins the list of names of the other sons of Levi. This list will end in [1 Chronicles 24:29](./29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## Amram ## +This begins the list of names of the other sons of Levi. This list will end in [1 Chronicles 24:30](./29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 6:1](../06/01.md). +# Amram -## Shebuel ## +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 6:3](../06/01.md). -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 23:15](../23/15.md). +# Shubael -## Amram's descendants included Isshiah ## - -Amram was the father of Aaron, who was the father of Eleazar. Eleazar was the father of Rehabiah who was the father of Isshiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## Izhar's descendants ## - -Izhar was a son of Kohath. - -## Izhar ... Shelomith ## - -See how you translated these in [1 Chronicles 23:15](../23/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 23:16](../23/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/23.md b/1ch/24/23.md index edee9eabbf..a36b9fb6b8 100644 --- a/1ch/24/23.md +++ b/1ch/24/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Hebron's...Jeriah...Amariah...Jahaziel...Jekameam ## +# Hebron ... Jeriah ... Amariah ... Jahaziel ... Jekameam -See how you translated the names of these men in [1 Chronicles 23:19](../23/19.md). +Translate the names of these men as in [1 Chronicles 23:19](../23/19.md). -## Uzziel...Micah...Isshiah ## +# the second ... the third ... the fourth -See how you translated these names in [1 Chronicles 23:19](../23/19.md). +"the second son ... the third son ... the fourth son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Shamir...Zechariah ## +# Uzziel ... Micah ... Ishijah + +Translate the names of these men as in [1 Chronicles 23:20](../23/19.md). + +# Shamir ... Zechariah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/26.md b/1ch/24/26.md index 143314d5d2..5cef25ddf1 100644 --- a/1ch/24/26.md +++ b/1ch/24/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Merari...Mahli...Mushi...Eleazar ## +# Merari ... Mahli ... Mushi ... Eleazar -See how you translated the names of these men in [1 Chronicles 23:21](../23/21.md). +Translate the names of these men as in [1 Chronicles 23:21](../23/21.md). -## Jaaziah...Beno...Shoham...Zaccur...Ibri ## +# Jaaziah ... Shoham ... Zaccur ... Ibri -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# from the son of Jaaziah: Beno ... from Jaaziah: Beno, Shoham + +It seems Jaaziah is another son of Merari. And, Beno is the son of Jaaziah. Beno is mentioned twice because he is a leader in his family. However, some Bibles translate "Beno" as "his son" rather than as a proper name. Those Bibles read like this: "and from his sons, Jaaziah, his son ... from Jaaziah, his son: Shoham." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/29.md b/1ch/24/29.md index 62541ca087..6ba079b60a 100644 --- a/1ch/24/29.md +++ b/1ch/24/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Kish...Mushi ## +# From Kish: The son of Kish -See how you translated the names of these men in [1 Chronicles 23:21](../23/21.md). +This is written in the text as a title, but could be stated in a more complete form. AT: "These are the sons who were descended from Kish" -## Jerahmeel...Mahli...Eder...Jerimoth ## +# Kish ... Mushi + +Translate the names of these men as in [1 Chronicles 23:21](../23/21.md). + +# Jerahmeel ... Mahli ... Eder ... Jerimoth These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Ahimelech ## +# Ahimelech -See how you translated his name in [1 Chronicles 18:14](../18/14.md). \ No newline at end of file +Translate the name of this man as in [1 Chronicles 18:16](../18/14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/24/intro.md b/1ch/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..86ca8492cd --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 24:20-30 because they are long lists. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Arranging the priests ##### +David arranged for the order in which priests would be on duty. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/01.md b/1ch/25/01.md index 5b7319c196..8670f4db56 100644 --- a/1ch/25/01.md +++ b/1ch/25/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## cymbals ## +# this service -This is a type of musical instrument made from metal. +"the work done at the tabernacle" -## Heman ... Jeduthun ## +# cymbals -See how you translated these names in [1 Chronicles 16:40](../16/40.md). +This refers to two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## Zaccur ... Mattithiah ## +# the sons of Asaph, under the direction of Asaph, who prophesied under the king's supervision + +"these were the sons of Asaph, whom he supervised. Asaph prophesied under the king's supervision" + +# Heman ... Jeduthun + +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 16:41](../16/40.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zaccur, Joseph, Nethaniah, and Asharelah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## six in all ## +# Gedaliah ... Zeri ... Jeshaiah ... Shimei ... Hashabiah ... Mattithiah -"6 in all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# under the direction of + +"under the supervision of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/04.md b/1ch/25/04.md index c036b63dcd..a09de10960 100644 --- a/1ch/25/04.md +++ b/1ch/25/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -This continues the list of leaders of the tabernacle work started in [1 Chronicles 25:1](./01.md). +# General Information: -## Bukkiah ... Mahazioth ## +This continues the list of leaders of the tabernacle work which was started in [1 Chronicles 25:2](./01.md). + +# Bukkiah ... Mahazioth These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Heman ## +# Heman -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 16:40](../16/40.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 16:41](../16/40.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## fourteen sons and three daughters ## +# fourteen sons and three daughters -"14 sons and 3 daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"14 sons and 3 daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to honor him + +The word "him" refers to Heman. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/06.md b/1ch/25/06.md index a06445e93a..c93a1a19ae 100644 --- a/1ch/25/06.md +++ b/1ch/25/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Jeduthun and Heman ## +# were under the direction of their fathers -See how you translated these in [1 Chronicles 16:40](../16/40.md). +"were supervised by their fathers" -## numbered 288 ## +# cymbals -" were two hundred eighty-eight men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This refers to two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## all alike, the young as well as the old, the teacher as the student ## +# Jeduthun ... Heman -This is describing the extremes. AT: "all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 16:41](../16/40.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# numbered 288 + +"were two hundred and eighty-eight men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# all alike, the same for the young as well as the old, the teacher as well as the student + +This refers to all of the men by describing the extremes. AT: "all of them, including the young men and the old men, the teachers and the students" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/09.md b/1ch/25/09.md index c311a71098..d81ea186e7 100644 --- a/1ch/25/09.md +++ b/1ch/25/09.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -This begins the list of 24 lots that were cast to choose the order in which families would serve. This list ends in [1 Chronicles 25:29](./29.md). +# General Information: -## the first ... fifth ## +This begins the list of 24 lots that were cast to choose the order in which families would serve. This list ends in [1 Chronicles 25:31](./29.md). -This shows the order in which the families were chosen. AT: "number 1...number 2...number 3...number 4...number 5" or use "the initial" for "the first" and "the next" for all of the following ones. (See: Ordinal Numbers and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# The first ... the second ... the third ... the fourth ... the fifth -## Joseph...Zaccur...Nethaniah ## +"The 1st ... the 2nd ... the 3rd ... the 4th ... the fifth" or "number 1 ... number 2 ... number 3 ... number 4 ... number 5." This shows the order in which the families were chosen by lots. If this is unnatural in your language you may use "The initial" for "The first" and "the next" for all of the following ones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -See how you translated these names in [1 Chronicles 25:1](./01.md). +# The first lot fell to Joseph's family -## Gedaliah ## +For all of the other people in the list, the text specifies that there were "twelve persons in number." Since this is implied, you may want to add this the statement about Joseph, as the UDB does. AT: "The first lot fell to Joseph's family, twelve persons in number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -See how you translated these names in [1 Chronicles 25:1](./01.md). +# Joseph ... Zaccur ... Nethaniah -## twelve persons ## +See how you translated the names of these men in [1 Chronicles 25:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the second fell to + +This refers to the second lot. The word "lot" may be added here and to the phrases concerning the rest of the lots. AT: "the second lot fell to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Gedaliah + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 25:3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twelve persons "12 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Izri ## +# Izri -This name is spelled Zeri in [1 Chronicles 25:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +This name is spelled Zeri in [1 Chronicles 25:3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/13.md b/1ch/25/13.md index f60f3d4e4c..ffc76e5233 100644 --- a/1ch/25/13.md +++ b/1ch/25/13.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the list begun in [1 Chronicles 25:9](./09.md). -## sixth ... ninth ## +# the sixth ... the ninth -This shows the order in which the families were chosen. AT: "number 6...number 7...number 8...number 9" (See: Ordinal Numbers and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"the 6th ... the 7th ... the 8th ... the 9th" or "number 6 ... number 7 ... number 8 ... number 9." This shows the order in which the families were chosen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Bukkiah ## +# the sixth fell to -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). +This refers to the sixth lot. The word "lot" may be supplied here and to the phrases concerning the rest of the lots. AT: "the second lot fell to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## twelve persons ## +# Bukkiah ... Mattaniah + +See how you translated the names of these men in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twelve persons "12 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Jesharelah ## +# Jeshaiah -This is another spelling for "Asharelah" in [1 Chronicles 25:1](./01.md). - -## Jeshaiah ## - -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 25:1](./01.md). - -## Mattaniah ## - -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 25:3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/17.md b/1ch/25/17.md index 630fa56c8b..f844caa10e 100644 --- a/1ch/25/17.md +++ b/1ch/25/17.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the list begun in [1 Chronicles 25:9](./09.md). -## tenth ... thirteenth ## +# the tenth ... the thirteenth -This shows the order in which the families were chosen. AT: "number 10...number 11...number 12...number 13" (See: Ordinal Numbers and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"the 10th ... the 11th ... the 12th ... the 13th" or "number 10 ... number 11 ... number 12 ... number 13." This shows the order in which the families were chosen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Shimei ## +# Shimei ... Hashabiah -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 25:1](./01.md). +See how you translated the names of these men in [1 Chronicles 25:3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## twelve persons ## +# twelve persons "12 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Azarel ## +# Shubael -This is another spelling for "Uzziel" in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). - -## Hashabiah ## - -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 25:1](./01.md). - -## Shubael ## - -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/21.md b/1ch/25/21.md index 93835412a8..cc8c8291f8 100644 --- a/1ch/25/21.md +++ b/1ch/25/21.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the list begun in [1 Chronicles 25:9](./09.md). -## fourtenth ... seventeenth ## +# the fourteenth ... the seventeenth -This shows the order in which the families were chosen. AT: "number 14...number 15...number 16...number 17" (See: Ordinal Numbers and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"the 14th ... the 15th ... the 16th ... the 17th" or "number 14 ... number 15 ... number 16 ... number 17." This shows the order in which the families were chosen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Mattithiah ## +# Mattithiah -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 25:1](./01.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 25:3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## twelve persons ## +# twelve persons "12 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Jerimoth ## +# Jerimoth ... Hananiah ... Joshbekashah -This is another spelling for "Uzziel" in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). - -## Hananiah ## - -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). - -## Joshbekashah ## - -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated the names of these men in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/25.md b/1ch/25/25.md index 6b75891406..517e8d4be7 100644 --- a/1ch/25/25.md +++ b/1ch/25/25.md @@ -1,25 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the list begun in [1 Chronicles 25:9](./09.md). -## eighteenth ... twenty-first ## +# the eighteenth ... the twenty-first -first** - This shows the order in which the families were chosen. AT: "number 18...number 19...number 20...number 21" (See: Ordinal Numbers and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"the 18th ... the 19th ... the 20th ... the 21st" or "number 18 ... number 19 ... number 20 ... number 21." This shows the order in which the families were chosen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Hanani ## +# Hanani ... Mallothi ... Eliathah ... Hothir -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). +Translate the names of these men as you did in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). -## twelve persons ## +# twelve persons -"12 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## Mallothi ## - -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). - -## Eliathah ## - -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). - -## Hothir ## - -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file +"12 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/29.md b/1ch/25/29.md index e779167254..c515fb901e 100644 --- a/1ch/25/29.md +++ b/1ch/25/29.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + This concludes the list begun in [1 Chronicles 25:9](./09.md). -## twenty-second ... twenty fourth ## +# the twenty-second ... the twenty-fourth -second ... twenty fourth** - This shows the order in which the families were chosen. AT: "number 22...number 23...number 24" (See: Ordinal Numbers and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"the 22nd ... the 23rd ... the 24th." or "number 22 ... number 23 ... number 24." This shows the order in which the families were chosen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Giddalti ## +# Giddalti ... Mahazioth ... Romamti-Ezer -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## twelve persons ## +# twelve persons -"12 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## Mahazioth ## - -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). - -## Romamti Ezer ## - -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 25:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file +"12 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/25/intro.md b/1ch/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4e3ad0ebca --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Music ##### +The 24 groups who were chosen to play music in the temple cast lots to see in what order they would serve. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/01.md b/1ch/26/01.md index 839d0836d8..31ccde9197 100644 --- a/1ch/26/01.md +++ b/1ch/26/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + This begins the list of the gatekeepers. -## Korahites ## +# divisions -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 9:17](../09/17.md). +"groups" -## Meshelemiah ## +# Korahites -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 9:20](../09/20.md). +See how you translated the name of this people group in [1 Chronicles 19:19](../09/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Kore ## +# Meshelemiah ... Zechariah -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 9:17](../09/17.md). +See how you translated the name of these men in [1 Chronicles 9:21](../09/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Asaph ## +# Kore -This is an alternative spelling to "Ebiasaph" in [1 Chronicles 9:17](../09/17.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 9:19](../09/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Zechariah ## +# Asaph -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 9:20](../09/20.md). +This is an alternative spelling to "Ebiasaph" in [1 Chronicles 9:19](../09/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jediael...Zebadiah...Jathniel...Elam...Jehohanan...Eliehoenai ## +# Jediael ... Zebadiah ... Jathniel ... Elam ... Jehohanan ... Eliehoenai -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the second … third … fourth … seventh ## +# the second ... third ... fourth ... seventh -This shows the order in which the sons were born. AT: "number 2...number 3...number 4...number 7" or "the next" for each one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the 2nd ... the 3rd ... the 4th ... the 7th" or "number 2 ... number 3 ... number 4 ... number 7." This shows the order in which the sons were born. If it is more natural in your language, you may say "the next" for each son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/04.md b/1ch/26/04.md index e2649d49e6..bc61505743 100644 --- a/1ch/26/04.md +++ b/1ch/26/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the list of gatekeepers which started in [1 Chronicles 26:1](./01.md). -## Obed Edom ## +# Obed Edom -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 16:37](../16/37.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 16:38](../16/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shemaiah...Jehozabad...Joah...Sacar...Nethanel...Ammiel...Issachar...Peullethai ## +# Shemaiah ... Jehozabad ... Joah ... Sakar ... Nethanel ... Ammiel ... Issachar ... Peullethai -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the second … eighth ## +# the second ... the third ... the fourth ... the eighth -This shows the order in which the sons were born. AT: "number 2...number 3...number 4...number 5...number 6...number 7...number 8" or "the next" for each one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the 2nd ... the 3rd ... the 4th ... the 8th" or "number 2 ... number 3 ... number 4 ... number 8." This shows the order in which the sons were born. If it is more natural in your language, you may say "the next" for each son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who ruled over their families + +"who were leaders in their father's family." This means that they were leaders among their clan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/07.md b/1ch/26/07.md index ef5513880f..dbc48d0ed4 100644 --- a/1ch/26/07.md +++ b/1ch/26/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the list of gatekeepers which started in [1 Chronicles 26:1](./01.md). -## Shemaiah...Obed Edom ## +# Shemaiah ... Obed Edom -See how you translated these in [1 Chronicles 26:4](./04.md). +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 26:4-6](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## His relatives ## +# Othni ... Rephael ... Obed ... Elzabad ... Elihu ... Semakiah ... Meshelemiah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# His relatives "Shemaiah's relatives" or "Shemaiah's family members" -## Othni...Rephael...Obed...Elzabad...Elihu...Semachiah...Meshelemiah ## +# sixty-two of them -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"62 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## sixty-two of them ## +# eighteen in all -two of them** - "62 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## eighteen in all ## - -"18 total" \ No newline at end of file +"18 total" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/10.md b/1ch/26/10.md index fe874dc5af..8c37e659cd 100644 --- a/1ch/26/10.md +++ b/1ch/26/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the list of gatekeepers which started in [1 Chronicles 26:1](./01.md). -## Hosah...Merari...Shimri...Hikiah...Tebaliah...Zehariah ## +# Hosah ... Merari ... Shimri ... Hilkiah ... Tabaliah ... Zechariah -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the second … third … fourth ## +# the second ... the third ... the fourth -This shows the order in which the sons were born. AT: "number 2...number 3...number 4" or "the next" for each one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"the 2nd ... the 3rd ... the 4th" or "number 2 ... number 3 ... number 4." This shows the order in which the sons were born. If it is more natural in your language, you may say "the next" for each son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## All of Hosah's sons and kinsmen were thirteen in number ## +# All of Hosah's sons and kinsmen were thirteen in number -AT: "There were 13 of Hosah's sons and kinsmen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"There were 13 of Hosah's sons and kinsmen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/12.md b/1ch/26/12.md index 1f81c30171..2a4e977208 100644 --- a/1ch/26/12.md +++ b/1ch/26/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## both young and old ## +# divisions -AT: "every person" or "men of all ages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +"groups" -## Shelemiah ## +# threw lots -This is another spelling for "Meshelemiah" in [1 Chronicles 26:1](./01.md). +"cast lots" -## Zechariah ## +# both young and old -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 26:1](./01.md). +This refers to all of the men by describing the extremes. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Chronicles 25:8](../25/06.md). AT: "all of them, including the young men and the old men" or "men of all ages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## When the lot was thrown ## +# When the lot was cast -AT: "When they threw the lot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When they cast the lot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## a prudent advisor ## +# Zechariah + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 26:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a prudent advisor This is a person who shows good judgment in making decisions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/15.md b/1ch/26/15.md index d69be75d01..2e4eafa05b 100644 --- a/1ch/26/15.md +++ b/1ch/26/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## To Obed Edom was assigned the south gate, and his sons were assigned the storehouses ## +# To Obed Edom was assigned the south gate, and his sons were assigned the storehouses -"Obed Edom was responsible for guarding the south gate, and his sons guarded the storehouses." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Obed Edom was responsible for guarding the south gate, and his sons guarded the storehouses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Obed Edom ## +# Obed Edom -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 26:4](./04.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 26:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shuppim ## +# Shuppim and Hosah were assigned -This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Shuppim and Hosah were responsible for guarding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Hosah ## +# Shuppim -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 26:10](./10.md). +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shallecheth ## +# Hosah -This is the name of the gate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 26:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Watches were established for each family. ## +# Shalleketh -AT: "Each family was responsible for guarding something." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of the gate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Watches were established for each family. + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Each family was responsible for a watch" or "Each family has a set period of time that it was responsible for guarding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/17.md b/1ch/26/17.md index d72a6985f3..2621b80446 100644 --- a/1ch/26/17.md +++ b/1ch/26/17.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## six Levites ## +# six Levites "6 Levites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## four a day ## +# the east ... the north ... the south -"4 men each day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +These phrases refer to the gates. AT: "the east gate ... the north gate ... the south gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## two pairs ## +# four a day -"2 pairs of men" or "2 men at a time" +This refers to the number of men on guard duty. AT: "four men each day" or "four Levites each day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## At the court to the west there were four posted ## +# two pairs -AT: "4 men guarded the court to the west" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"2 pairs of men" or "2 sets of 2 men each" -## four at the road, and two at the court ## +# At the court to the west there were four stationed -"4 men guarded the road, and two men guarded the court" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "four men guarded the court to the west" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They were filled with ## +# four stationed at the road and two at the court -AT: "They were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The numbers "four" and "two" refer to guards. AT: "Four men guarded the road, and two men guarded the court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Merari ## +# They were filled with -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 26:10](./10.md). \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Merari + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 26:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/20.md b/1ch/26/20.md index 9f3f551d18..8da4a14023 100644 --- a/1ch/26/20.md +++ b/1ch/26/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## The descendants of Ladan, descended from Gershon through him and who were leaders of the families of Ladan the Gershonite, were Jehiel and his sons ## +# The descendants of Ladan ... Jehieli, the sons of Jehieli, Zetham, and Joel his brother. They were in charge of the storehouses -"Jehiel and his sons were the descendants of Ladan, who descended from Gershon belonging to Ladan. Jehiel and his sons were leaders of the families of Ladan the Gershonite. Jehiel's sons were" +"Jehieli and his sons were the descendants of Ladan, who descended from Gershon and belonged to Ladan. Jehieli and his sons were leaders of the families of Ladan the Gershonite. Jehieli and his sons, Zetham and Joel his brother, were in charge of the storehouses" -## Ladan...Gershon ## +# Ladan ... Gershon -See how you translated these names in [1 Chronicles 23:7](../23/07.md). +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 23:7](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gershonite ## +# Gershonite -The descendants of Gershon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The descendants of Gershon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jehiel...Zetham...Joel ## +# Jehieli ... Zetham ... Joel -See how you translated these names in [1 Chronicles 23:7](../23/07.md). - -## who oversaw ## - -"who supervised" \ No newline at end of file +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 23:8](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/23.md b/1ch/26/23.md index 1b507ac0a6..00588f2d82 100644 --- a/1ch/26/23.md +++ b/1ch/26/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## There were also guards drawn from the clans ## +# Amram ... Izhar ... Hebron ... Uzziel -AT: "The leaders also selected guards from the clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 23:12](../23/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Amram, Izhar, Hebron...Uzziel ## +# Shubael ... Gershom ... Eliezer ... Rehabiah -See how you translated these names in [1 Chronicles 23:12](../23/12.md). +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 23:15-17](../23/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shebuel...Gershom...Eliezer...Rehabiah ## +# His relatives from the clan of Eliezer -See how you translated these names in [1 Chronicles 23:15](../23/15.md). +These were his relatives who did this work with him. AT: "His relatives who did the work with him from the clan of Eliezer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Jeshaiah...Joram...Zichri...Shelomoth ## +# Jeshaiah ... Joram ... Zichri ... Shelomith -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/26.md b/1ch/26/26.md index eb6dafefb0..e7802e52f0 100644 --- a/1ch/26/26.md +++ b/1ch/26/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## thousands and hundreds ## +# were over -"more than 1,000 men and more than 100 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "were in charge of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## plunder ## +# commanders over thousands and hundreds + +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders over 1,000 soldiers and the commanders over 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "the commanders over large military divisions and the commanders over smaller military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# plunder things an army takes from its enemies after a victory -## Kish...Ner...Zeruiah ## +# everything that was set apart to Yahweh by Samuel the prophet ... Joab son of Zeruiah + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everything that Samuel the prophet ... Joab son of Zeruiah set apart to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Kish ... Ner ... Zeruiah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Everything that was dedicated ## +# Everything that was set apart -"Everything that the leaders dedicated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Everything that the leaders set apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/29.md b/1ch/26/29.md index 4d79d7ecee..b80b0a1e79 100644 --- a/1ch/26/29.md +++ b/1ch/26/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Izhar...Hebron ## +# Izhar ... Hebron -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 23:12](../23/12.md). +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 23:12](../23/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## civil affairs of Israel ## +# civil affairs of Israel -This refers to the regular business of the people of Israel, not connected to the military or to the temple. AT: "daily business of the people of Israel." +"daily business of the people of Israel." This refers to the regular business of the people of Israel, not connected to the military or to the temple. -## Chenaniah...Hashabiah ## +# Kenaniah ... Hashabiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## 1,700 capable men ## +# 1,700 capable men "one thousand seven hundred capable men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Yahweh's work and the king's work ## +# Yahweh's work and the king's work -AT: "work done for Yahweh and the king." \ No newline at end of file +"work done for Yahweh and the king." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/31.md b/1ch/26/31.md index d40708aecb..dc00b466fb 100644 --- a/1ch/26/31.md +++ b/1ch/26/31.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Hebron ## +# Hebron -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 23:12](../23/12.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 23:12](../23/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jerijah ## +# Jeriah -This is another way to spell "Jeriah." See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 23:19](../23/19.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 23:19](../23/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## counted from the lists ## +# counted from the lists -AT: "their names were on the lists" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "their names were on the lists" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## In the fortieth year of the reign of David ## +# In the fortieth year of the reign of David -"When David had been king for 40 years" (See: Ordinal Numbers and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"When David had been king for 40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Jazar ## +# men of ability -This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"capable men" -## 2,700 relatives ## +# Jazer -"two thousand seven hundred family members" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 2,700 relatives + +"two thousand seven hundred family members" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/26/intro.md b/1ch/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..78a5c9ad6c --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 26:2-10, 25-28 because they are long lists. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Casting lots ##### +The gatekeepers cast lots to see which gate they would guard. Those who took care of the storage also cast lots. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/01.md b/1ch/27/01.md index 2b60bb7b80..c3106ee417 100644 --- a/1ch/27/01.md +++ b/1ch/27/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## This is the list ## +# This is the list -AT: "These are the names" +"These are the names" -## in various ways ## +# commanders of thousands and hundreds + +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions" See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in various ways "in different ways" or "in many ways" -## each military division ## +# Each military division served month by month throughout the year -"each group" +This means that each division took turns serving periods of a month at a time. -## 24,000 men ## +# Each military division -"twenty four thousand men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"Each group" -## throughout the year ## +# twenty-four thousand men -AT: "all year long." +"24,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## first month ## +# throughout the year -"month number 1" +"all year long" -## Jashobeam son of Zabdiel ## +# Over the division -These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "In charge of the division" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## in charge ## +# first month -"the leader" \ No newline at end of file +"1st month." This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Jashobeam ... Zabdiel ... Perez + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/04.md b/1ch/27/04.md index 22b4fc07e6..9cad2627dd 100644 --- a/1ch/27/04.md +++ b/1ch/27/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## second ... third month ## +# Over the division -"month number 2 ... month number 3" +"In charge of the division" -## Dodai ... Ammizabad ## +# the second month -These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"the 2nd month." This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of April and the first part of May on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## In his division ## +# Dodai ... Mikloth ... Ammizabad -AT: "In his military group" or "In his group of soldiers" +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## 24,000 men ## +# Ahoah -"twenty four thousand men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 8:4](../08/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the thirty ## +# In his division -See how you translated this in 11:11. AT: "the 30 mighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +"In his group of soldiers" + +# twenty-four thousand men + +"24,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the third month + +"the 3rd month." This is the third month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of May and the first part of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Jehoiada + +See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 11:22](../11/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the thirty + +"the 30." This refers to "David's 30 mightiest soldiers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# over the thirty + +This is an idiom. AT: "in charge of the 30" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/07.md b/1ch/27/07.md index 9d3c29e6ed..b1aaa7ca28 100644 --- a/1ch/27/07.md +++ b/1ch/27/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## The commander for the fourth month was Asahel brother of Joab ## +# The commander for the fourth month was Asahel brother of Joab -AT: "Asahel, brother of Joab, was the commander for the fourth month." +"Asahel, brother of Joab, was the commander for the fourth month" -## fourth ... fifth ... sixth month ## +# the fourth month -"month number 4 ... 5 ... 6" +"the 4th month." This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of June and the first part of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Ashael ... Ikkesh ## +# Asahel ... Zebadiah ... Shamhuth ... Izrah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## his division ## +# his division "his military group" -## 24,000 men ## +# twenty-four thousand men -"twenty-four thousand men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"24,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Tekoa ## +# fifth month -This is the name of a place. \ No newline at end of file +"the 5th month." This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# sixth month + +"the 6th month." This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of August and the first part of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Ira ... Ikkesh + +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 11:28](../11/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Tekoa + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/10.md b/1ch/27/10.md index 858ae00604..1635609813 100644 --- a/1ch/27/10.md +++ b/1ch/27/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## seventh ... eighth ... ninth month ## +# The commander for the seventh month was Helez the Pelonite, from the people of Ephraim -"month number 7 ... 8 ... 9" +"Helez, the Pelonite, from the people of Ephraim, was the commander for the seventh month" -## The commander for the seventh month was Helez the Pelonite, from the people of Ephraim ## +# the seventh month -AT: "Helez, the Pelonite, from the people of Ephraim, was the commander for the seventh month." +"the 7th month." This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## 24,000 men ## +# Helez ... Sibbekai ... Abiezer -"twenty-four thousand men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +See how you translated the names of these men in [1 Chronicles 11:27-29](../11/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Helez ... Sibbecai ... Zerah ... Abi Ezer ## +# Pelonite ... Hushathite ... Anathothite -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated the names of these clans in [1 Chronicles 11:27-29](../11/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Pelonite ... Hushathite ... Anathothite ## +# twenty-four thousand men -These are names of tribes or clans. \ No newline at end of file +"24,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the eighth month + +"the 8th month." This is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Zerah + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 2:4](../02/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the ninth month + +"the 9th month." This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part November and the first part December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/13.md b/1ch/27/13.md index ba17d40c72..afc174aaa1 100644 --- a/1ch/27/13.md +++ b/1ch/27/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## tenth ... eleventh ... twelfth month ## +# the tenth month -"month number 10 ... 11 ... 12" +"the 10th month." This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Maharai ... Zerah ... Heldai ... Othniel ## +# Maharai -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated the name of this man in [1 Chronicles 11:30](../11/30.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Netophah ... Pirathon ## +# Netophah ... Pirathon These are names of places. -## 24,000 men ## +# Zerah -"twenty-four thousand men." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 2:4](../02/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twenty-four thousand men + +"24,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the eleventh month + +"the 11th month." This is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of January and the first part of February on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the twelfth month + +"the 12th month." This is the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of February and the first part of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Heldai ... Othniel + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/16.md b/1ch/27/16.md index 73178d666f..ab17358ffc 100644 --- a/1ch/27/16.md +++ b/1ch/27/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Eliezer ... Michael ## +# Eliezer ... Zichri ... Shephatiah ... Maacah ... Hashabiah ... Kemuel ... Omri -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zadok + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 6:8](../06/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Elihu + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 12:20](../12/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Michael + +See how you translated this man's name in [1 Chronicles 7:3](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/19.md b/1ch/27/19.md index f056f03c79..552e5c07f9 100644 --- a/1ch/27/19.md +++ b/1ch/27/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Ishmaiah ... Jeroham ## +# Ishmaiah ... Obadiah ... Jerimoth ... Azriel ... Hoshea ... Azaziah ... Joel ... Pedaiah ... Iddo ... Zechariah ... Jaasiel ... Abner ... Azarel ... Jeroham These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/23.md b/1ch/27/23.md index cd2f920c39..b0663031c5 100644 --- a/1ch/27/23.md +++ b/1ch/27/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## those twenty years old or younger ## +# those twenty years old or younger -"people 20 years old or younger," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"people 20 years old or younger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## increase Israel ## +# to increase Israel like the stars of heaven -"increase the population of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +This speaks of the number of people in Israel increasing as if they would become as numerous as the stars. AT: "to increase the number of people in Israel to be as many as the stars in the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like the stars of heaven ## +# increase Israel -The number of the people of Israel is compared to the number of stars to show that there were so many. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "Israel" represents the people who live there. AT: "increase the population of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Wrath fell on Israel ## +# Zeruiah -AT: "God punished the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +See how you translated this woman's name in [1 Chronicles 2:16](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## This number was not written down ## +# Wrath fell on Israel -AT: "No one wrote this number down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of God punishing the people as if his "wrath" were something that fell upon them. AT: "God punished the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# This number was not written down + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one wrote this number down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/25.md b/1ch/27/25.md index 14e18b50f9..b77c11118c 100644 --- a/1ch/27/25.md +++ b/1ch/27/25.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Azmaveth ... Zabdi ## +# Azmaveth ... Adiel ... Jonathan ... Uzziah ... Ezri ... Kelub ... Zabdi These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in charge of ## +# in charge of -AT: "responsible for guarding" +"responsible for guarding" -## fortified towers ## +# was over -"strong towers." +This is an idiom. AT: "was in charge of" -## plow ## +# fortified towers + +"strong towers" + +# plowed the land This means to dig into or break up the dirt before planting. -## Shepham ## +# Ramathite -This is the name of a place. +This is the name of a person from the city of Ramah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## cellar ## +# Shiphmite -This is the part of a building that is below the ground and used to store wine. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a person from the city of Shepham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# wine cellars + +These are the parts of a building that are below the ground and used to store wine. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/28.md b/1ch/27/28.md index c55fa1af34..8138286102 100644 --- a/1ch/27/28.md +++ b/1ch/27/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## sycamore ## +# Over the + +This is an idiom. AT: "In charge of the" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# sycamore This is a type of tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## Baal Hanan ... Shitrai ... Adlai ## +# Baal-Hanan ... Shitrai ... Shaphat ... Adlai These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Geder ...Shaphat ## +# Geder ... Sharon -These are names of places. +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## that were pastured ## +# that were pastured -AT: "that ate grass in the fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that ate grass in the fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/30.md b/1ch/27/30.md index 2535815f7b..0220a2c209 100644 --- a/1ch/27/30.md +++ b/1ch/27/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Obil ... Jehdeiah ... Jaziz ## +# Over the -These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "In charge of the" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Ishmaelite ... Hagrite ## +# Obil ... Jehdeiah ... Jaziz -These are names of tribes or clans. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Meronoth ## +# Ishmaelite -This is the name of a place. +Translate the name of this clan as you did in [1 Chronicles 2:17](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## All these ## +# Hagrite -"These men" \ No newline at end of file +Translate the name of this people group as you did in [1 Chronicles 5:10](../05/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Meronoth + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# All these officials + +"All of these men" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/32.md b/1ch/27/32.md index 02e03e1b57..bc5c300977 100644 --- a/1ch/27/32.md +++ b/1ch/27/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Jonathan ... Jehoiada ## +# Jonathan ... Jehiel ... Hakmoni ... Ahithophel ... Hushai ... Jehoiada These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Archite ## +# Arkite -This is the name of a tribe of clan. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a tribe or clan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/27/intro.md b/1ch/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5cbf0639d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 27 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 27:2-22, because they are long lists. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/01.md b/1ch/28/01.md index a7ad89ced8..3ad545e0ae 100644 --- a/1ch/28/01.md +++ b/1ch/28/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## officials ## +# assembled -See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 24:4](../24/04.md). +"called together" -## scheduled work ## +# scheduled work Work that needs to be repeated, for example every day or every month. -## thousands and of hundreds ## +# the commanders of thousands and of hundreds -"1,000s and of 100s" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions" See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## property and possessions ## +# the managers over -These two words mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that this means all of the king's possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "over" is used here as an idiom. AT: "the managers in charge of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# property and possessions + +These two words share similar meanings and refer to all of the items and lands that the king owned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/02.md b/1ch/28/02.md index 43da36df7e..ea18ad618b 100644 --- a/1ch/28/02.md +++ b/1ch/28/02.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## rose to his feet ## +# rose to his feet -AT: "stood up" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "stood up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## my brothers and my people ## +# my brothers and my people -These two words mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that David and the people of Israel are family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that David and the people of Israel are family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## a temple for the ark of the covenant of Yahweh; a footstool for our God ## +# the ark of the covenant of Yahweh; a footstool for our God -These two descriptions refer to the same building, the one clarifies and gives a deeper meaning to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The second phrase defines the first phrase. The "ark of the covenant" is spoke of as Yahweh's footstool to picture God on his throne, with his feet resting on his footstool, which represents all that is in submission to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a temple for my name ## +# a temple for my name -AT: "a temple for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here God refers to himself by his "name." AT: "a temple for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a man of war and have shed blood ## +# a man of war and have shed blood -Both descriptions emphasize the same thing, namely that David killed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"a man accustomed to war and have shed blood." Both descriptions emphasize the same thing, namely that David had killed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## have shed blood ## +# have shed blood -AT: "have killed people" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to killing people. AT: "have killed people" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/04.md b/1ch/28/04.md index 0420b39ff2..c4c345523b 100644 --- a/1ch/28/04.md +++ b/1ch/28/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + David continues speaking to the Israelites. -## all Israel ## +# chose me ... to be king over Israel forever -AT: "the whole land of Israel" or "all the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Here David is a metonym for David and his descendants who will rule Israel forever. AT: "chose me and my descendants ... to be kings over Israel forever." or 2) David will continue to be the king of Israel after he is resurrected from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to sit on the throne of ## +# all Israel -AT: "to rule over" or "to be the king of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"the whole land of Israel" or "all the Israelites" -## the kingdom of Yahweh, over Israel ## +# to sit on the throne of -AT: "Israel, which is actually Yahweh's kingdom" \ No newline at end of file +Here "to sit on the throne" means to rule as king. AT: "to rule over" or "to be the king of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the kingdom of Yahweh, over Israel + +"Israel, which is Yahweh's kingdom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/06.md b/1ch/28/06.md index 08762750f7..5f23ab2157 100644 --- a/1ch/28/06.md +++ b/1ch/28/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + David continues to speak to the Israelites. -## He said to me ## +# He said to me -AT: "God said to me" +"God said to me" -## my house ## +# my house The word "house" refers to the temple of Yahweh. -## I have chosen him to be my son, and I will be his father ## +# I have chosen him to be my son, and I will be his father This does not mean that Solomon becomes an actual son of God, but it describes the personal relationship that he and God will have. AT: "I have chosen to treat him like a son, and I will be like a father to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my commandments and decrees ## +# my commandments and decrees -These two words basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize the importance of doing what God says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two words basically mean the same thing and refer to everything that Yahweh had commanded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## as you are this day ## +# as you are this day -The word "you" here refers to David. AT: "just as you are committed this day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "you" here refers to David. Also, the understood word "committed" may be supplied. AT: "just as you are committed this day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/08.md b/1ch/28/08.md index 7bc103b686..b4fbd67931 100644 --- a/1ch/28/08.md +++ b/1ch/28/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + David continues to speak to the Israelites. -## Now then ## +# Now then, in the sight of all Israel ... all of you must + +Here David is giving a command to all of the people of Israel. AT: "Now then, in the sight of all Israel, this assembly for Yahweh, and in the presence of our God, I command all of you to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Now then This indicates that David starts a new phase in his speech. -## keep and try to carry out ## +# all Israel, this assembly for Yahweh -These two words basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize the importance of doing what God commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases have the same meaning and the second describes the first. Even though all of the people of Israel are not present, those present represent all of Israel. AT: "all you people of Israel, in this assembly for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## your children after you ## +# in the sight of -AT: "your children who will take your place after you die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "in the sight of" means that they are all present and listening. AT: "in the hearing of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# keep and try to carry out + +The phrase "to carry out" means basically the same thing as "keep." Together the words emphasize importance of doing what God commands. AT: "carefully obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# your children after you forever + +This means that the land will belong to their children and the descendants in the future. The phrase "after you" is an idiom. AT: "your children and your descendants who will take your place after you die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/09.md b/1ch/28/09.md index 8678068ac9..3f945c7e81 100644 --- a/1ch/28/09.md +++ b/1ch/28/09.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## the God of your father ## +# the God of your father David calls himself "your father" because this is a very formal occasion. AT: "my God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## with your whole heart and a willing spirit ## +# with your whole heart -These two phrases refer to a similar attitude and are used together to emphasize the full extent of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here the "heart" the represents the whole person. To do something with "your whole heart" is an idiom. AT: "with complete devotion" or "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## your whole heart ## +# a willing spirit -AT: "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the "spirit" represents the whole person and emphasizes the person's will. AT: "willingly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## a willing spirit ## +# searches all hearts and understands every motivation of everyone's thoughts -AT: "willingly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh knows the thoughts and motives of every person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## searches all hearts and understands every motivation of everyone's thoughts ## +# all hearts -These two descriptions refer to the same thing and are used together to emphasize that God knows everything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here people's "hearts" represent their feelings and desires. AT: "searches everyone's emotions and desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he will be found by you ## +# If you seek him, he will be found by you -AT: "you will find him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be written in active form. Also, this speaks of following Yahweh and having him listen to you as searching for him and finding him. AT: "If you seek him, you will find him" or "If you try to get Yahweh to pay attention to you, he will do so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Realize ## +# Realize -"See now" AT: "Remember" or "Be aware" +"Be aware" -## Be strong and do it ## +# Be strong and do it The word "strong" here refers to willpower and strength of character. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/11.md b/1ch/28/11.md index e04ba4fe9e..07c680a224 100644 --- a/1ch/28/11.md +++ b/1ch/28/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## temple portico ## +# temple portico "temple porch" or "temple entrance." This refers to the columns that supported the roof at the entrance of the temple. -## treasuries ## +# treasuries storerooms for valuable things \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/13.md b/1ch/28/13.md index 3abcb7fb97..5d04d4cf1b 100644 --- a/1ch/28/13.md +++ b/1ch/28/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## regulations ## +# regulations These were specific rules about how the priests and Levites should work in the temple. -## divisions ## +# divisions -This refers to the groups in which the priests and other temple workers were organized to fulfill their duties. See how you translated this term in [1 Chronicles 24:1](../24/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +"groups." This refers to the groups in which the priests and other temple workers were organized to fulfill their duties. + +# according to the use of each lampstand in the service + +"determined by what each lampstand would be used for in the service in the temple." There would be silver lampstands of different weights for different purposes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/16.md b/1ch/28/16.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d874cf4a3c --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/28/16.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# for every table + +The understood information may be supplied. AT: "the weight of the gold for every other table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/18.md b/1ch/28/18.md index 48bdb51fa1..34109bc5a2 100644 --- a/1ch/28/18.md +++ b/1ch/28/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## refined gold ## +# refined gold -AT: "purified gold" or "extra valuable gold" +"purified gold" or "extra valuable gold" -## I have put all this in writing ## +# of the gold for the design -AT: "I wrote all of this down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The refers to the weight of the gold. AT: "the weight of the gold for the design" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## gave me to understand regarding ## +# I have put all this in writing -AT: "helped me to understand the details of" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "I wrote all of this down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# gave me to understand regarding the design + +This refers to the detail for the design of the temple. AT: "helped me to understand the details for his temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/20.md b/1ch/28/20.md index eeb3b74085..6d58f0848c 100644 --- a/1ch/28/20.md +++ b/1ch/28/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## strong and brave ## +# strong and brave These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize that Solomon must be courageous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Do not be afraid or anxious ## +# Do not be afraid or anxious -These two words basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize that Solomon must never give up. AT: "Be courageous and confident" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +The words "afraid" and "anxious" basically mean the same thing and emphasize that Solomon must never give up. Also, this can be written in positive form. AT: "Be courageous" or "Be confident" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## is with you ## +# is with you -AT: "will help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "will help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## He will not leave you nor abandon you ## +# He will not leave you nor abandon you -These two phrases mean the same thing, and are used together to emphasize how sure it is that God will keep his promise. AT: "He will always be with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will always be with Solomon. Also, this can be stated in positive form. AT: "He will always be with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the divisions of the priests and Levites ## +# See, here are the divisions + +"Here are the divisions." David uses the word "see" here to refer back to the listings of the divisions of the Levites and their duties for the temple. + +# the divisions of the priests and Levites See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 28:13](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/28/intro.md b/1ch/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e469c0cbb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 28 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. David lectured the people and Solomon on what they should do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's instructions ##### +David gives instructions to the people because he knows that he will not be there when the temple is built. It was common in the ancient Near East for leaders to give instructions to people before they die in preparation or anticipation of their death. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/01.md b/1ch/29/01.md index 8d32dbc284..365298da60 100644 --- a/1ch/29/01.md +++ b/1ch/29/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## onyx stones ## +# whom alone God has chosen + +"the one whom God has chosen" + +# gold for the things to be made of gold ... to be made of wood + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "gold so the craftsmen may make the gold things, silver so they may make the silver things, bronze so they may make the bronze things, iron so they may make the iron things, and wood so they may make the wooden things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# onyx stones ... stones to be set ... stones for inlaid work of various colors + +Each of these phrases refer to different types of stones intended for different purposes. + +# onyx stones These are stones with black and white lines that are used to make jewelry. -## inlaid work ## +# stones to be set + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "stones for the craftsmen to set" or "stones for mounting" + +# inlaid work This refers to the beautiful and decorative designs or patterns formed by the stones. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/03.md b/1ch/29/03.md index 0b89f883b9..3a2f2c377b 100644 --- a/1ch/29/03.md +++ b/1ch/29/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + David continues talking to the people about his provisions for the building of the temple. -## three thousand talents ## +# three thousand talents -"3,000 talents" - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +"3,000 talents." This can be stated in modern measurements. AT: "about 100,000 kilograms" or "about 100 metric tons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## gold from Ophir ## +# gold from Ophir -the best quality and most valuable gold \ No newline at end of file +This was the best quality and most valuable gold. + +# seven thousand talents + +"7,000 talents." This can be stated in modern measurements. AT: "about 230,000 kilograms" or "230 metric tons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# gold for the things to be made of gold ... work to be done by craftsmen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "gold for the craftsmen to make the gold things, silver so they may make the silver things, and things of all kinds for their other work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# give himself to him + +"give himself to God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/06.md b/1ch/29/06.md index f5e3588796..66564d78ee 100644 --- a/1ch/29/06.md +++ b/1ch/29/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +# General Information: -## daric...talent ## +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Then freewill offerings were made by the leaders ... and by the officials over the king's work. + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then the leaders ... and the officials over the king's work made freewill offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the commanders of thousands and hundreds + +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions" See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the officials over the king's work + +Here the word "over" is used as an idiom. AT: "the officials in charge of the king's work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# five thousand talents ... and 100,000 talents of iron + +"5,000 talents and 10,000 darics of gold, 10,000 talents of silver, 18,000 talents of bronze, and 100,000 talents of iron." These may be written in modern measurements. AT: "165 metric tons and 84 kilograms of gold, 330 metric tons of silver, 600 metric tons of bronze, and 3,300 metric tons of iron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# 100,000 talents + +"one hundred thousand talents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/08.md b/1ch/29/08.md index 0d7aece51e..08805374b9 100644 --- a/1ch/29/08.md +++ b/1ch/29/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## treasury ## +# treasury This is a place where money and valuable objects are kept. -## Jehiel ## +# Jehiel -This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 23:8](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gershon ## +# Gershon -This was the firstborn son of Levi. (See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 23:7](../23/07.md)) +This was the firstborn son of Levi. See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 23:7](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## wholeheartedly ## +# wholeheartedly willingly and without any doubt or hesitation \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/10.md b/1ch/29/10.md index b22f1b3542..eebba65d31 100644 --- a/1ch/29/10.md +++ b/1ch/29/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## "May you be praised, Yahweh, God of Israel our ancestor, forever and ever. ## +# May you be praised -AT: "May you be praised, Yahweh our father, God of Israel, forever and ever." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Israel our ancestor + +Here "Israel" refers to the man Jacob. AT: "Jacob our ancestor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/12.md b/1ch/29/12.md index bdb3f674a0..9ea2de6a3a 100644 --- a/1ch/29/12.md +++ b/1ch/29/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + David continues his prayer of praise to Yahweh. -## In your hand is power and might ## +# In your hand is power and might -These two words "might" and "power" mean the same thing and are used together here to emphasize that Yahweh controls everything and no one is more powerful than Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of Yahweh having control over whether people are powerful or not as if "power and might" were something in hand that he had control over. AT: "You determine who has power and might" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# power and might + +The words "power" and "might" mean the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# your glorious name + +Here Yahweh is represented by his name. AT: "you who are glorious" or "you because you are glorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/14.md b/1ch/29/14.md index 5f53676bb6..808ae34890 100644 --- a/1ch/29/14.md +++ b/1ch/29/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + David continues his prayer of praise to Yahweh. -## But who am I, and who are my people, that we should be able to offer so willingly these things? ## +# But who am I, and who are my people, that we should be able to offer so willingly these things? -David means that he and his people deserve no praise for giving anything to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +David uses this rhetorical question to express that he and his people deserve no praise for giving anything to God. AT: "My people and I should definitely offer these things to you willingly!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## we are strangers and travelers before you ## +# we are strangers and travelers before you -AT: "You know that we are insignificant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of people's lives being short as if they were travelers only here on earth for a short time. AT: "For our lives are short and we are like strangers and travelers who pass before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Our days on the earth are like a shadow ## +# Our days on the earth are like a shadow -Shadows appear and disappear quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of people's lives being short as if they were a shadow that is only visible for a short time. A person's lifetime is represented by his "days." AT: "Our time here on earth is like a shadow that disappears quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/16.md b/1ch/29/16.md index 8419c031d5..1784dfe2c2 100644 --- a/1ch/29/16.md +++ b/1ch/29/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## in the uprightness of my heart ## +# your holy name -"because I want to be honest and honorable in everything I do for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh is represented by his "name." AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you examine the heart + +Here the "heart" represents a person's thoughts and feelings. AT: "you examine people's thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the uprightness of my heart + +Here the "heart" represents a person's thoughts and feelings. AT: "because I want to be honest and honorable in everything I do for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I look with joy as + +"I am joyful as I see" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/18.md b/1ch/29/18.md index 08f2c532ee..3ac12c1eb5 100644 --- a/1ch/29/18.md +++ b/1ch/29/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## keep this forever in the thoughts of the minds of your people ## +# Israel -AT: "keep this in the thoughts and minds of your people forever" \ No newline at end of file +Here "Israel" refers to the man named "Jacob." + +# keep this forever in the thoughts of the minds of your people + +"keep this in the thoughts and minds of your people forever" + +# Direct their hearts toward you + +Here the people's "hearts" represent their thoughts and desires. AT: "Direct them to be loyal to you" or "Keep them loyal to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Give to Solomon my son a wholehearted desire + +The word "desire" may be expressed as a verb. AT: "Make my son Solomon fully desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/20.md b/1ch/29/20.md index 1f30edf1ee..fd0a8ebd94 100644 --- a/1ch/29/20.md +++ b/1ch/29/20.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +# Now bless Yahweh -## prostrated themselves ## +"Now praise Yahweh" -lay down facing the ground as a way of showing extreme respect \ No newline at end of file +# prostrated themselves before the king + +This refers to laying down on the ground before someone to show great respect. AT: "prostrated themselves on the ground to show respect to Yahweh and the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# they made sacrifices to Yahweh and offered burnt offerings to him + +The people offered animals to be sacrificed to Yahweh by the priests. Most of the people did not actually kill and sacrifice the animals themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a thousand bulls, a thousand rams, and a thousand lambs + +"1,000 bulls, 1,000 rams, and 1,000 lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/22.md b/1ch/29/22.md index 6137bea83e..2cf3989373 100644 --- a/1ch/29/22.md +++ b/1ch/29/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## before Yahweh ## +# before Yahweh -In order to honor Yahweh. +This is an idiom. AT: "in honor of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## a second time ## +# a second time -The first time is described in [1 Chronicles 23:1](../23/01.md). +This means that they anointed him and declared him as king. The first time is described in [1 Chronicles 23:1](../23/01.md). -## and anointed him to be ruler for Yahweh ## +# anointed him with Yahweh's authority to be ruler -AT: "and anointed him to rule over Israel on Yahweh's behalf" \ No newline at end of file +To do something with "Yahweh's authority" means to do it on his behalf and with his approval. AT: "anointed him to rule over Israel on Yahweh's behalf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then Solomon sat on Yahweh's throne as king instead of David his father + +Here the throne of Israel is referred to as "Yahweh's throne," to emphasize that the people of Israel are Yahweh's people. Sitting on the throne represents ruling as king. AT: "So Solomon sat on the throne, instead of his father David, as king over Yahweh's people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/24.md b/1ch/29/24.md index 4dd3747818..2fb8bfaf1d 100644 --- a/1ch/29/24.md +++ b/1ch/29/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## allegiance ## +# allegiance -AT: "their loyalty" +"their loyalty" -## Yahweh greatly honored Solomon before all Israel and bestowed on him greater power ## +# Yahweh greatly honored Solomon before all Israel ... bestowed on him greater power These two phrases emphasize that Solomon received special favor from Yahweh, which made him Israel's greatest and most powerful king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/26.md b/1ch/29/26.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aa4122cfa6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/29/26.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# forty years ... thirty-three years + +"40 years ... 33 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# at a good old age + +"as an old man" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/29.md b/1ch/29/29.md index c7fdb13482..3747fc26eb 100644 --- a/1ch/29/29.md +++ b/1ch/29/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## written in the history of Samuel the prophet, in the history of Nathan the prophet, and in the history of Gad the prophet ## +# written in the history of Samuel the prophet, ... and in the history of Gad the prophet -This is a work that no longer exists. +These are written accounts that no longer exist. -## Recorded there are the deeds ## +# Recorded there are the deeds -AT: "Someone wrote there the deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "There men wrote down the deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the deeds of his rule ## +# the deeds of his rule "the things that happened while David was king" -## the events that affected him ## +# the events that affected him, Israel, and all the kingdoms of the other lands -AT: "The events in other nations that affected Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"all the things that happened to him and to the people of Israel and in the kingdoms of other countries while he was ruling Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/29/intro.md b/1ch/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d77aed9fbf --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Chronicles 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The preparation for the temple is finished in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Offering ##### +David and the people made a free will offering and dedicated it all to God. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Chronicles 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/front/intro.md b/1ch/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..17f6c26391 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ch/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +# Introduction to 1 Chronicles # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of 1 Chronicles #### + +1. Genealogies + - From Adam to Jacob (1:1–2:2) + - Jacob's genealogy (2:2–9:44) +1. The death of Saul and the beginning of David's reign + - The death of Saul (10:1–14) + - The capture of Jerusalem, and the valiant men (11:1–12:40) + - David prospers (13:1–22:1) + - David prepares for Solomon to build the temple (22:2–29:30) + +#### What are 1 and 2 Chronicles about? #### + +The purpose of 1 and 2 Chronicles was to retell the genealogy of Adam to Jacob, and the history of Israel leading up to the death of David. These books were probably written for the Jews who returned from exile in Babylon. The purpose was to give the people instructions on how to avoid repeating the sins of their ancestors who were unfaithful to the covenant with Yahweh. + +#### How should the titles of 1 and 2 Chronicles be translated? #### + +You may also call this book "The Events of the Kings of Judah and Israel, Book 1" or "The First Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah and Israel." + +#### Who wrote 1 and 2 Chronicles? #### + +These books seem to contain many different historical accounts that were put together. The writers of Chronicles mention other books that they took information from in their own writing. The non-biblical sources included "The Chronicles of Samuel the Seer," "The Chronicles of Nathan the Seer," "The Chronicles of Gad the Seer," "The History of Nathan the Prophet," "The Chronicles of Shemaiah the Prophet and Iddo," "The Story of the Prophet Iddo" and "The books of the kings of Judah and Israel." + +#### Why are there multiple books which give the history of the kings of Israel? #### + +Though the Books of 1 and 2 Chronicles cover much of the same history as the Books of 1 and 2 Kings, they do not repeat everything. The purpose of 1 and 2 Chronicles was not simply to retell the history of Israel and Judah by repeating the Books of 1 and 2 Kings. Instead, the writers of these books want to reassure the people that Yahweh would still be faithful to his covenant with them. + +The Books of 1 and 2 Chronicles focus on David and Solomon and the reformation that Jehoshaphat, Hezekiah, and Josiah accomplished. Those reformations were to encourage all the people of Yahweh and their leaders to obey the law and to honor his covenant with them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is retribution? #### + +Retribution is righteous punishment of those who deserve it. This is an important theme in 1 and 2 Chronicles. There is a record of the fulfillment of the promise to bless those who bless Israel and to curse those who curse Israel. The author attempts to show the reader God's blessing or judgment being given to each generation in accordance with their obedience or disobedience of Yahweh's commands. + +#### Why are alliances with foreign countries seen as evil in these books? #### + +Yahweh was the true leader of Israel and the protector of the nation. He was the one who should have been trusted, instead of the neighboring nations. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"? #### + +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who was also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the kingdom of Judah. + +#### What does it mean to "seek God"? #### + +The concept of seeking God is very common in 1 and 2 Chronicles. It does not imply that God is hidden; instead, it is a command to seek to please and honor God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### What does the phrase "to this day" mean? #### + +This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time which has already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in 1 Chronicles 4:41, 43; 5:26; 13:11; 20:26; 21:10; 35:25. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/01.md b/1co/01/01.md index 9417b3cb8b..9f4af16d74 100644 --- a/1co/01/01.md +++ b/1co/01/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Sosthenes our brother ## +# General Information: -This indicates that both Paul and the Corinthians knew Sosthenes. AT: "Sosthenes the brother you and I know." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Paul and Sosthenes wrote this letter to the Christians who belonged to the church in Corinth. -## called to be saints ## +# General Information: -AT: "God called them to be saints" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Unless otherwise noted, such words as "you" and "your" refer to Paul's audience and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## with all ## +# Paul ... to the church of God at Corinth -together with all other Christians. AT: "together with" +Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter and the intended audience. AT: "I, Paul, wrote this letter to you in Corinth who believe in God" -## their Lord and ours ## +# Sosthenes our brother -Jesus is the Lord of Paul and the Corinthians and the same Lord of all the churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +This indicates that both Paul and the Corinthians knew Sosthenes. AT: "Sosthenes the brother you and I know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to you ## +# those who have been sanctified in Christ Jesus -The word "you" to the believers in Corinth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "sanctified" refers to people whom God has reserved to honor him. AT: "to those whom Christ Jesus has set apart for God" or "to those whom God has set apart for himself because they belong to Christ Jesus" + +# who are called to be holy people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God has called to be holy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their Lord and ours + +Jesus is the Lord of Paul and the Corinthians and the same Lord of all the churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/04.md b/1co/01/04.md index 30eef66161..c0560619a8 100644 --- a/1co/01/04.md +++ b/1co/01/04.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## I give thanks ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "I, Paul, express thanks" +Paul describes the believer's position and fellowship in Christ as they wait for his coming. -## grace of God that Christ Jesus gave to you ## +# because of the grace of God that Christ Jesus gave to you -"the grace that God gave to you who are in Christ Jesus". +Paul speaks of grace as though it were a physical object that Jesus gives Christians as a gift. AT: "because Christ Jesus has made it possible for God to be kind to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He has made you rich ## +# He has made you rich -Possible meanings are 1) "Christ has made you rich" or 2) "God has made you rich". +Possible meanings are 1) "Christ has made you rich" or 2) "God has made you rich." -## made you rich in every way ## +# made you rich in every way -"made you rich with many spiritual blessings" +Paul is speaking in general terms. AT: "made you rich with all kinds of spiritual blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## in all speech ## +# in all speech -God has enabled to you to tell others about God's message in many ways. +God has enabled you to tell others about God's message in many ways. -## all knowledge ## +# all knowledge God has enabled you to understand God's message in many ways. -## testimony about Christ ## +# the testimony about Christ has been confirmed as true among you -"the message about Christ" - -## has been confirmed among you ## - -AT: "has clearly changed your lives" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "you saw for yourselves that what we had said about Christ was true" or 2) "other people learned from seeing how you now live that what we and you say about Christ is true." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/07.md b/1co/01/07.md index 4f44e00005..8f414ff05b 100644 --- a/1co/01/07.md +++ b/1co/01/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## therefore ## +# Therefore -"as a result" +"As a result" -## lack no spiritual gift ## +# you lack no spiritual gift -"have every spiritual gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you have every spiritual gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ ## +# the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ -Possible meanings are 1) "the time when God will reveal the Lord Jesus Christ" or 2) "the time when our Lord Jesus Christ will reveal himself". +Possible meanings are 1) "the time when God will reveal the Lord Jesus Christ" or 2) "the time when our Lord Jesus Christ will reveal himself." -## you will be blameless ## +# you will be blameless -there will be no reason for God to condemn you. +There will be no reason for God to condemn you. -## he has called you into the fellowship of his Son ## +# God is faithful -God has called you to participate in the new life in his Son, Jesus Christ. \ No newline at end of file +"God will do everything he has said he will do" + +# his Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/10.md b/1co/01/10.md index ef53ac8c20..cd87d74cb9 100644 --- a/1co/01/10.md +++ b/1co/01/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## that you all agree ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul reminds the Corinthian believers that they are to live in unity with each other and that the message of the cross of Christ, not baptism by people, is what saves. + +# brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# that you all agree "that you live in harmony with one another" -## that there be no divisions among you ## +# that there be no divisions among you -that you do not divide into separate groups among yourselves. +"that you do not divide into separate groups among yourselves" -## be joined together with the same mind and by the same purpose ## +# be joined together with the same mind and by the same purpose "live in unity" -## Chloe's people ## +# Chloe's people -Family members, servants and others who are part of the household of which Chloe, a woman, is the head. +This refers to family members, servants, and others who are part of the household of which Chloe, a woman, is the head. -## there are factions developing among you ## +# there are factions among you -"you are in groups which quarrel one with another" \ No newline at end of file +"you are in groups that quarrel one with another" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/12.md b/1co/01/12.md index 47753efa6c..29e5020108 100644 --- a/1co/01/12.md +++ b/1co/01/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Each one of you says ## +# Each one of you says Paul is expressing a general attitude of division. -## Is Christ divided? ## +# Is Christ divided? -Paul wishes to emphasize the truth that christ is not divided but one. "It is not possible to divide Christ in the way you are doing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]; [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Paul wishes to emphasize the truth that Christ is not divided but one. "It is not possible to divide Christ in the way you are doing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Was Paul crucified for you? ## +# Was Paul crucified for you? -Paul wishes to emphasize that it was Christ not Paul or Apollos that was crucified. "They did not put Paul to death on the cross for your salvation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]; [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Paul wishes to emphasize that it was Christ, not Paul or Apollos, who was crucified. This can also be translated in active form. AT: "It certainly was not Paul whom they put to death on the cross for your salvation!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Were you baptized in the name of Paul? ## +# Were you baptized in the name of Paul? -Paul wishes to emphasize that we all are Baptized in the Name of Christ. "People did not baptize you in the name of Paul." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]; [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul wishes to emphasize that we all are baptized in the name of Christ. This can also be translated in active form. AT: "It was not in the name of Paul that people baptized you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/14.md b/1co/01/14.md index 0abdb4aedb..f590f1ff7a 100644 --- a/1co/01/14.md +++ b/1co/01/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## I thank God ## +# none of you, except -Paul exaggerates how grateful he is that he didn't baptize more people in Corinth. (See: [[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"only" -## Crispus ## +# Crispus -He was a synagogue ruler who became a Christian. +He was a synagogue ruler who became a Christian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gaius ## +# Gaius -He travelled with the Apostle Paul. +He traveled with the Apostle Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## This was so that no one would say that you were baptized in my name ## +# This was so that no one would say that you were baptized into my name -"I refrained from baptizing more people, because I was afraid that they might later boast that I had baptized them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]; See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "name" represents "authority." This means Paul did not baptize others because they may claim that they became Paul's disciples. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For some of you might have claimed that I baptized you to make you my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the household of Stephanus ## +# the household of Stephanas -This refers to the family members and slaves in the house of which the man Stephanus was the head. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the family members and slaves in the house where Stephanas, a man, was the head. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/17.md b/1co/01/17.md index d9f18e94d1..6d16d2dd2c 100644 --- a/1co/01/17.md +++ b/1co/01/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Christ did not send me to baptize ## +# Christ did not send me to baptize This means that baptism was not the primary goal of Paul's ministry. -## words of human wisdom ## +# words of human wisdom ... the cross of Christ should not be emptied of its power -"words of merely human wisdom" - -## the cross of Christ should not be emptied of its power ## - -AT: "human wisdom should not empty the cross of Christ of its power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of "words of human wisdom" as if they were people, the cross as a container, and of power as a physical thing that Jesus can put in that container. This can be stated in active form. AT: "words of human wisdom ... those words of human wisdom should not empty the cross of Christ of its power" or "words of human wisdom ... people should not stop believing the message about Jesus and start thinking I am more important than Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/18.md b/1co/01/18.md index d8e2e2a118..8885ab0eb9 100644 --- a/1co/01/18.md +++ b/1co/01/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## the message about the cross ## +# Connecting Statement: -''the preaching about the crucifixion" or "the message about Christ dying on the cross" (UDB) +Paul emphasizes God's wisdom rather than man's wisdom. -## is foolishness ## +# the message about the cross -“is senseless" or "is silly." +"the preaching about the crucifixion" or "the message of Christ's dying on the cross" -## to those who are dying ## +# is foolishness -"dying" refers to the process of spiritual death. +"is senseless" or "is silly" -## it is the power of God ## +# to those who are dying + +Here "dying" refers to the process of spiritual death. + +# it is the power of God "it is God working powerfully in us" -## frustrate the understanding of the intelligent ## +# I will frustrate the understanding of the intelligent -AT: "confuse intelligent people" or "make the plans intelligent people make completely fail" \ No newline at end of file +"I will confuse intelligent people" or "I will make the plans intelligent people make completely fail" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/20.md b/1co/01/20.md index c6f65d94a0..fb71dc80c4 100644 --- a/1co/01/20.md +++ b/1co/01/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Where is the wise person? Where is the scholar? Where is the debater of this world? ## +# Where is the wise person? Where is the scholar? Where is the debater of this world? -Paul emphasizes that truly wise people are nowhere to be found. AT: "Compared with the wisdom of the gospel, there are no wise people, nor scholars, nor debaters!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul emphasizes that truly wise people are nowhere to be found. AT: "Compared with the wisdom of the gospel, there are no wise people, no scholars, no debaters!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the scholar ## +# the scholar -a person who is recognized as someone who has studied a great deal. +a person who is recognized as someone who has studied a great deal -## the debater ## +# the debater -a person who argues about what he knows or who is skilled in such arguments. +a person who argues about what he knows or who is skilled in such arguments -## Has not God turned the wisdom of the world into foolishness? ## +# Has not God turned the wisdom of the world into foolishness? -Paul used this question to emphasize what God has done to the wisdom of this world. AT: "God has indeed turned the wisdom of this world into foolishness." or "God was pleased to use a message that they thought was foolish" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses this question to emphasize what God has done to the wisdom of this world. AT: "God has shown that everything they call wisdom is really foolishness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## those who believe ## +# those who believe -Possible meanings are 1) "all who believe it" (UDB) or 2) "those who believe him." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "all who believe the message" or 2) "all who believe in Christ." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/22.md b/1co/01/22.md index 442df2ad35..d7797c4c84 100644 --- a/1co/01/22.md +++ b/1co/01/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## we preach ## +# General Information: -The word "we" refers to Paul and other evangelists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Here the word "we" refers to Paul and other Bible teachers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## Christ crucified ## +# Christ crucified -“about Christ, who died on a cross.” (UDB; see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"about Christ, who died on a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## a stumbling block ## +# a stumbling block -Just as a person can stumble over a block that is on a road, so is the message of salvation through Christ crucified is to the Jews. AT: "not acceptable" or "very offensive". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Just as a person can stumble over a block on a road, so the message of salvation through the crucifixion of the Christ keeps Jews from believing in Jesus. AT: "not acceptable" or "very offensive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/24.md b/1co/01/24.md index a48192af1b..328c54d929 100644 --- a/1co/01/24.md +++ b/1co/01/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## to those whom God has called ## +# to those whom God has called "to the people God calls" -## we preach Christ ## +# we preach Christ -AT: "we teach about Christ" or "we tell all people about Christ." +"we teach about Christ" or "we tell all people about Christ" -## Christ as the power of God and the wisdom of God ## +# Christ as the power and the wisdom of God -Christ is the one through whom God shows his power and wisdom. +Possible meanings are 1) "God acted powerfully and wisely by sending Christ to die for us" or "through Christ God has shown how strong and wise he is." -## the foolishness of God...the weakness of God ## +# the power ... of God -This is a contradiction between God's nature and man's nature. Even if there was any foolishness or weakness in God, He weakness is still far superior to man's best nature. \ No newline at end of file +Another possible meaning is that Christ is powerful and it is through Christ that God saves us. + +# the wisdom of God + +Another possible meaning is that God shows the content of his wisdom through Christ. + +# the foolishness of God is wiser than people, and the weakness of God is stronger than people + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is speaking ironically about God's foolishness and weakness. Paul knows God is not foolish or weak. AT: "what seems to be the foolishness of God is wiser than people's wisdom, and what seems to be the weakness of God is stronger than the people's strength" or 2) Paul is speaking from the point of view of the Greek people who may think God is foolish or weak. AT: "what people call God's foolishness is really wiser than what people call wisdom, and what people call God's weakness is really stronger than people's strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/26.md b/1co/01/26.md index 94474dde55..a45b60afa6 100644 --- a/1co/01/26.md +++ b/1co/01/26.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## God's call on you ## +# Connecting Statement: -"how God called you to be saints". +Paul emphasizes the believer's position before God. -## not many of you ## +# Not many of you -"Only a very few of you" +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Very few of you" -## human standards ## +# wise by human standards -"people's judgment" or "people's ideas of what is good" +"what most people would call wise" -## of noble birth ## +# of noble birth -"special because your family is important" or "royal" +"special because your family is important" -## God chose the foolish things of the world to shame the wise ## +# God chose ... wise. God chose ... strong -God chose to use humble people that Jewish leaders believed to be unimportant to confirm that these leaders were not more important than others to God. +Paul repeats many of the same words in two sentences that mean almost the same thing to emphasize the difference between God's way of doing things and how people think God should do them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## God chose what is weak in the world to shame what is strong. ## +# God chose the foolish things of the world to shame the wise -Repeating the previous sentence's idea in other words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"God chose to use those whom the world thinks are foolish to shame those whom the world thinks are wise" + +# God chose what is weak in the world to shame what is strong + +"God chose to use those whom the world thinks are weak to shame those whom the world thinks are strong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/28.md b/1co/01/28.md index 7a71dde77f..68f8a22d8c 100644 --- a/1co/01/28.md +++ b/1co/01/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## what is low and despised ## +# what is low and despised -the people whom the world rejects. AT: "people who are humble and rejected." +the people whom the world rejects. AT: "people who are humble and rejected" -## things that are regarded as nothing ## +# things that are regarded as nothing -"that which people usually regard as without value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that which people usually regard as without value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to bring to nothing ## +# nothing, to bring to nothing things that are held as valuable -"to remove the importance of" +"nothing. He did this so he could show that the things that are held as valuable are really worthless" -## things that are held as valuable ## +# things that are held as valuable -"things which people usually regard as valuable" or "things people think are worth money or worth respect." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "things that people think are worth money" or "things that people think are worth respect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## He did this ## +# He did this "God did this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/30.md b/1co/01/30.md index 72812969d2..ef43e2f194 100644 --- a/1co/01/30.md +++ b/1co/01/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Because of what God did ## +# Because of what God did -this refers to the work of Christ on the cross. +This refers to the work of Christ on the cross. -## us...our ## +# us ... our -Paul is including the Corinthians in "us". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +These words refer to Paul, those with him, and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## now you are in Christ Jesus ## +# Christ Jesus, who became for us wisdom from God -"now you have received salvation through Christ Jesus" +Possible meanings are 1) "Christ Jesus, who has made clear to us how wise God is" or 2) "Christ Jesus, who has given us God's wisdom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Christ Jesus, who became for us the wisdom from God ## +# Let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord -AT: "Christ Jesus, who has made clear to us how wise God is" (UDB; see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## "Let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord" ## - -AT: "If a person boasts, he should boast about how great the Lord is" \ No newline at end of file +"If a person boasts, he should boast about how great the Lord is" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/intro.md b/1co/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d2f46784be --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The first paragraph of 1 Corinthians was a common way of opening a letter in the ancient Near East. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:19, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Disunity ##### +In this chapter, Paul scolds the church for their disunity and their claims to follow different apostles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]]) + +##### Spiritual gifts ##### +Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities given to Christians after they come to faith in Jesus. This is not an exhaustive list of the spiritual gifts. Some scholars believe some of these gifts were only given in the early church because they were foundational to the development of the church. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idioms ##### + +The return of Christ to the earth is mentioned in two very different phrases: "the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ" and "the day of our Lord Jesus Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Paul uses rhetorical questions to scold them for dividing into factions and to say human wisdom is not enough to understand God's plans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +==Stumbling block == +A stumbling block is a rock people stumble over. Here it means the Jews have a problem believing that God would allow his Messiah to be crucified and so refuse to believe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[1 Corinthians intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/02/01.md b/1co/02/01.md index 36e1041ec6..bff8e519c0 100644 --- a/1co/02/01.md +++ b/1co/02/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## eloquence of speech ## +# Connecting Statement: -a persuasive and elegant way of speaking. +Paul contrasts human wisdom and God's wisdom. He emphasizes that spiritual wisdom comes from God. -## to know nothing ## +# brothers -Paul focused on the crucifixion of Christ rather than on human ideas. By stating he would "know nothing ... except Christ" he was emphasizing complete focus on Christ. \ No newline at end of file +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# I decided to know nothing ... except Jesus Christ + +When Paul said that he "decided to know nothing" he exaggerated to emphasize that he decided focus on and teach about nothing other than Jesus Christ. AT: "I decided to teach nothing ... except Jesus Christ" or "I decided not to teach anything ... except Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/02/03.md b/1co/02/03.md index e9dac35b38..319e389041 100644 --- a/1co/02/03.md +++ b/1co/02/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## I was with you ## +# I was with you -“I was visiting with you” +"I was visiting with you" -## in weakness ## +# in weakness -Possible meanings are: 1) "physically weak" (see UDB) or 2) "feeling inadequate" +Possible meanings are: 1) "physically weak" or 2) "feeling like I could not do what I needed to do." -## persuasive ## +# persuasive words of wisdom -convincing or able to cause people to do or believe something. - -## they ## - -Paul's message and proclamation of the gospel. \ No newline at end of file +words that sound wise and with which the speaker hopes to cause people to do or believe something \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/02/06.md b/1co/02/06.md index d2a96502ef..a829991474 100644 --- a/1co/02/06.md +++ b/1co/02/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## speak wisdom ## +# General Information: -"speak words of wisdom" +Paul interrupts his main argument to explain what he means by "wisdom" and to whom he desires to speak. -## the mature ## +# Now we do speak -AT: "mature believers". +The word "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Paul begins to explain that true wisdom is God's wisdom. -## for our glory ## +# speak wisdom -"in order to ensure our future glory". \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "wisdom" can be stated as the adjective, "wise." AT: "speak wise words" or "speak a wise message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the mature + +"mature believers" + +# before the ages + +"before God created anything" + +# for our glory + +"in order to ensure our future glory" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/02/08.md b/1co/02/08.md index 2597420f32..d3aa06594a 100644 --- a/1co/02/08.md +++ b/1co/02/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the Lord of glory ## +# the Lord of glory "Jesus, the glorious Lord" -## Things that no eye has seen, no ear has heard, no mind imagined ## +# Things that no eye ... imagined, the things ... who love him -a triplet referring to all parts of a person to emphasize that no man has ever been aware of the things that God has prepared (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is an incomplete sentence. Some translations make it a complete sentence: "Things that no eye ... imagined; these are the things ... who love him." Others leave it incomplete but show that it is incomplete by using non-final punctuation here and beginning the next verse as a continuation of this verse: "'Things that no eye ... imagined, the things ... who love him'—" -## the things that God has prepared for those who love him ## +# Things that no eye has seen, no ear has heard, no mind has imagined + +This is a triplet referring to all parts of a person to emphasize that no man has ever been aware of the things that God has prepared. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the things that God has prepared for those who love him The Lord has created in heaven wonderful surprises for those who love him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/02/10.md b/1co/02/10.md index a4d8a416ea..38c4a74b3f 100644 --- a/1co/02/10.md +++ b/1co/02/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## These are the things ## +# These are the things -the truths about Jesus and the cross. +Paul speaks of the truths about Jesus and the cross. If [1 Corinthians 2:9](./08.md) is treated as an incomplete sentence, "these are the things." -## For who knows a person's thoughts except the spirit of the person in him? ## +# For who knows a person's thoughts except the spirit of the person in him? -Paul used this question to emphasize that no other man knows what a person is thinking except the person himself. AT: "No one knows what a person is thinking except that person's spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses this question to emphasize that no one knows what a person is thinking except the person himself. AT: "No one knows what a person is thinking except that person's spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## spirit of the person ## +# spirit of the person -Note this "spirit" refers to the unclean or evil spirit in man that is distinct from the Spirit of God. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to a person's inner being, his own spiritual nature. + +# no one knows the deep things of God except the Spirit of God + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "only the Spirit of God knows the deep things of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/02/12.md b/1co/02/12.md index c245e6e561..962d642005 100644 --- a/1co/02/12.md +++ b/1co/02/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## But we ## +# General Information: -"we" includes both Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here the word "we" includes both Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## freely given to us by God ## +# freely given to us by God -"that God freely gave to us" or "that God has freely given to us" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God freely gave to us" or "that God has freely given us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the Spirit interpreting spiritual words with spiritual wisdom ## +# The Spirit interprets spiritual words with spiritual wisdom -the Holy Spirit communicates God's truth to believers in the Spirit's own words and gives them his own wisdom. \ No newline at end of file +The Holy Spirit communicates God's truth to believers in the Spirit's own words and gives them his own wisdom. + +# interprets + +"explains" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/02/14.md b/1co/02/14.md index 01bae9ec4a..69741770bb 100644 --- a/1co/02/14.md +++ b/1co/02/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## unspiritual person ## +# General Information: -the non-Christian person, who has not received the Holy Spirit. +Here the word "we" includes both Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## because they are spiritually discerned ## +# unspiritual person + +the non-Christian person, who has not received the Holy Spirit + +# because they are spiritually discerned "because understanding these things requires the aid of the Spirit" -## The one who is spiritual ## +# The one who is spiritual -AT: "the believer, who has received the Spirit. +"The believer who has received the Spirit" -## For who can know the mind of the Lord, that he can instruct him? ## +# For who can know the mind of the Lord, that he can instruct him? -Paul used this question to emphasize that no one knows the mind of the Lord. AT: "No one can know the mind of the Lord. Thus, no one can teach him anything he doesn't already know." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul uses this question to emphasize that no one knows the mind of the Lord. AT: "No one can know the mind of the Lord, so no one can teach him anything he does not already know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/02/intro.md b/1co/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..383d846bf9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent 2:9 and the first line of 2:16, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wisdom ##### +Paul continues the discussion from the first chapter contrasting human and God's wisdom. For Paul, wisdom can be simple. He said the wisdom from the Holy Spirit is the only true wisdom. Human ideas are foolish. Paul uses the phrase "hidden wisdom" in referring to truths that were not previously known. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/01.md b/1co/03/01.md index b7e3a0d6d9..65ddb4e32a 100644 --- a/1co/03/01.md +++ b/1co/03/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## spiritual people ## +# Connecting Statement: -People who live in the power of the Spirit. +Paul now reminds the Corinthian believers of how they are actually living instead of behaving as their position before God is. He then reminds them that the person who teaches them is not as important as God who gives their growth. -## fleshly people ## +# brothers -People who follow their own desires. +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## as to babes in Christ ## +# spiritual people -The Corinthians are compared to children very young in age and understanding. AT: "as to very young believers in Christ" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +people who obey the Spirit -## I fed you milk and not meat ## +# fleshly people -The Corinthians can only take easy truths like babies that can only drink milk. They are not mature enough to understand greater truths like older children who now can eat food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +people who follow their own desires -## you are not ready ## +# as to little children in Christ -"you are not ready to understand the harder teachings about following Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The Corinthians are compared to children very young in age and understanding. AT: "as to very young believers in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I fed you milk, not solid food + +The Corinthians can understand only easy truths like babies who can drink only milk. They are not mature enough to understand greater truths like older children who now can eat solid food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you are not yet ready + +It is implied that they are not ready to understand more difficult teachings. AT: "you still are not ready to understand the harder teachings about following Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/03.md b/1co/03/03.md index cc9ff641e0..be95ee3fd4 100644 --- a/1co/03/03.md +++ b/1co/03/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## are still fleshly ## +# still fleshly -behaving according to sinful or worldly desires. +still behaving according to sinful or worldly desires -## are you living according to the flesh ## +# are you not living according to the flesh, and are you not walking by human standards? -Paul was rebuking the Corinthians for their sinful behavior. AT: "you are behaving according to your sinful desires." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for their sinful behavior. AT: "you should be ashamed because you are behaving according to your sinful desires and you are living by human standards!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## do you not walk by human standards? ## +# are you not living as human beings? -Paul was rebuking the Corinthians for living according to human standards. AT: "you are following human standards." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is rebuking the Corinthians. AT: "you should be ashamed because you are living the same way people who do not have the Spirit live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## are you not living as human beings? ## +# Who then is Apollos? Who is Paul? -Paul was rebuking them for living as people who do not have the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is emphasizing that he and Apollos are not the original source of the gospel, and therefore the Corinthians should not follow them. AT: "It is wrong to form groups to follow Apollos or Paul!" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Who then is Apollos? And who is Paul? ## +# Who is Paul -Paul was emphasizing that he and Apollos are not the original source of the gospels and therefore do not merit groups of followers. AT: “It is wrong to form groups to follow Apollos or Paul!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])) +Paul is speaking of himself as though he is speaking of someone else. "Who am I?" or AT: "I am not important!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Servants through whom you believed ## +# Servants through whom you believed -Paul answers his own question that he and Apollos are God's servants. AT: "you believed the gospel through the teachings of Paul and Apollos." +Paul answers his own question by saying that he and Apollos are God's servants. AT: "Paul and Apollos are servants of Christ, and you believed in Christ because we served him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## to each of whom the Lord gave tasks ## +# Servants through whom you believed, to each of whom the Lord gave tasks -AT: "the Lord gave tasks to Paul and Apollos." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated with the understood information. AT: "We are servants through whom youbelieved. We are only people to whom the Lord gave tasks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/06.md b/1co/03/06.md index dd40af334c..6c2550a7c9 100644 --- a/1co/03/06.md +++ b/1co/03/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## planted ## +# I planted -The knowledge of God is compared to a seed which must be planted in order to grow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The knowledge of God is compared to a seed which must be planted in order to grow. AT: "When I preached God's word to you, I was like one who plants seeds in a garden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## watered ## +# Apollos watered -As seeds need water, faith needs further teaching in order for it to grow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +As seeds need water, faith needs further teaching in order for it to grow. AT: "and when Apollos continued to teach you God's word, he was like one who waters a garden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## growth ## +# but God gave the growth -As plants grow and develop, so also do faith and knowledge in God also grow and become deeper and stronger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +As plants grow and develop, so faith and knowledge in God also grow and become deeper and stronger. AT: "but God caused you to grow" or "but just as God causes plants to grow, he causes you to grow spiritually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## neither he who plants...is anything, But it is God who gives the growth. ## +# neither he who plants ... is anything. But it is God who gives the growth -Paul stresses that neither he or Apollos is responsible for the believer's spiritual growth but it is God's doing. \ No newline at end of file +Paul stresses that neither he nor Apollos is responsible for the believers' spiritual growth, but it is God's doing. + +# it is God who gives the growth + +Here to give growth means to cause growth. The abstract noun "growth" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "it is God who causes you to grow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/08.md b/1co/03/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8fc3421d6d..0000000000 --- a/1co/03/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -## he who plants and he who waters are one ## - -Planting and watering are considered the same work which Paul compares himself and Apollos to in ministering to the Corinth church. - -## his own wages ## - -an amount of money that a worker is paid based on how well they worked. - -## we ## - -Paul and Apollos but not the Corinth church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) - -## God's fellow workers ## - -Paul considers himself and Apollos as God's fellow workers, working together. - -## God's garden ## - -God takes care of the Corinthian believers, like people who tend a garden to make it fruitful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## God's building ## - -God has designed and created the Corinthian believers, like people who construct a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/10.md b/1co/03/10.md index 821025dfb2..32301cd91e 100644 --- a/1co/03/10.md +++ b/1co/03/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## According to the grace of God that was given to me ## +# According to the grace of God that was given to me -"According to the task that God freely gave me to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "According to the task that God freely gave me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I laid a foundation ## +# I laid a foundation Paul equates his teaching of faith and salvation in Jesus Christ to laying a foundation for a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## another builds on it ## +# another is building on it -Another worker continues to "build" the work in the church by helping these believers spiritually. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul is referring to the person or people who are teaching the Corinthians at that time as if they are carpenters who are constructing the building above the foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## let each man ## +# let each man -This refers to God's workers in general. AT: "let each person who serves God." +This refers to God's workers in general. AT: "let each person who serves God" -## other than the one which has been laid ## +# no one can lay a foundation other than the one that has been laid -After a building has been built on its foundation, the foundation cannot be changed. In this case, the spiritual foundation of the Corinthian church is Jesus Christ, built by Paul. AT: "other than the foundation that I, Paul, laid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated as active. AT: "no one can lay a foundation other than the foundation that I, Paul, have laid" or "I have already laid the only foundation that anyone can lay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/12.md b/1co/03/12.md index 73871a19ac..292af05e9f 100644 --- a/1co/03/12.md +++ b/1co/03/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Now if anyone builds on the foundation with gold,silver, precious stones, wood, hay, or straw ## +# General Information: -The building materials used to build a new building are being compared to the spiritual values used to build a person's behavior and activities during his lifetime. AT: "whether a person builds with expensive, durable materials or cheap, flammable materials". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of what builders usually do when constructing a building to describe what the teachers in Corinth are actually doing. Builders usually only use gold, silver, or precious stones as decorations on buildings. -## precious stones ## +# Now if anyone builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, or straw -"expensive stones." +The building materials used to build a new building are being compared to the spiritual values used to build a person's behavior and activities during his lifetime. AT: "Whether a person builds with valuable materials that will last or with cheap materials that burn easily" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his work will be revealed, for the daylight will reveal it. ## +# precious stones -Just as daylight reveals the construction worker's efforts, so will the light of God's presence will reveal the quality of a man's efforts and activities. AT: "daylight will show the quality of his work". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +"expensive stones" -## For it will be revealed in fire; the fire will test the quality of what each one had done. ## +# his work will be revealed -Just as Fire will reveal the strengths or destroy the weaknesses of a building, God's fire will judge man's efforts and activities. AT: "Fire will show the quality of his work." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will show everyone what the builder has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the daylight will reveal it + +The "daylight" here is a metaphor for the time when God will judge everyone. When God shows everyone what these teachers have done, it will be like the sun has come up to reveal what happened during the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For it will be revealed in fire. The fire will test the quality of what each one had done + +Just as fire will reveal the strengths or destroy the weaknesses of a building, God's fire will judge man's efforts and activities. AT: "God will use fire to show the quality of his work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/14.md b/1co/03/14.md index af347f1172..c0a7291e9a 100644 --- a/1co/03/14.md +++ b/1co/03/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## remains ## +# General Information: -"lasts" or "survives" (UDB) +The terms "a person" and "anyone's" and "he" and "himself" refer to believers. -## if anyone's work is burned up ## +# remains -AT: "if the fire destroys anyone's work" or "if the fire ruins anyone's work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"lasts" or "survives" -## "anyone's", "he", "himself" ## +# if anyone's work is burned up -these terms refer to the "person." AT: the "person" or "he" (UDB) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if the fire destroys anyone's work" or "if the fire ruins anyone's work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he will suffer loss, but he himself will be saved ## +# he will suffer loss -"he will lose that work and any reward he might have earned if that work had survived the fire, but God will save him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "loss" can be expressed with the verb "lose." AT: "he will lose his reward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# but he himself will be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but God will save him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/16.md b/1co/03/16.md index 5b14377fae..c1fb3391f1 100644 --- a/1co/03/16.md +++ b/1co/03/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## Do you not know that you are God's temple and that the Spirit of God lives in you? ## +# Do you not know that you are God's temple and that the Spirit of God lives in you? -AT: "You are God's temple and the Spirit of God lives in you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## destroy ## - -"ruin" or "damage" - -## God will destroy that person. For God's temple is holy, and so are you. ## - -AT: "God will destroy that person because God's temple is holy and you are holy also." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul is rebuking the Corinthians. AT: "You act as though you do not know that you are God's temple and the Spirit of God lives in you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/18.md b/1co/03/18.md index 4af0139978..583637635f 100644 --- a/1co/03/18.md +++ b/1co/03/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Let no man deceive himself ## +# Let no one deceive himself Nobody should believe the lie that he himself is wise in this world. -## in this age ## +# in this age -"now" +according to the way people who do not believe decide what is wise -## let him become a "fool" that he may become wise ## +# let him become a "fool" -"that person should accept what the world thinks is foolishness, in order to gain God's true wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +"that person should be willing to have people who do not believe call him a fool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## "He catches the wise in their craftiness" ## +# He catches the wise in their craftiness -God traps the people who think they are clever, and uses their own schemes to trap them. +God traps the people who think they are clever and uses their own schemes to trap them. -## "The Lord knows that the reasoning of the wise" ## +# The Lord knows that the reasoning of the wise is futile -AT:"The Lord know the plans of people who think they are wise" or "The Lord overhears all the planning of the wise" (UDB) +"The Lord knows that what people who think they are wise plan to do is futile" -## futile ## +# futile -"useless." AT: "worthless" or "pointless." \ No newline at end of file +useless \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/21.md b/1co/03/21.md index 4be06ea5bd..5d484c1701 100644 --- a/1co/03/21.md +++ b/1co/03/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## No more boasting about people! ## - -Paul is giving a command to the Corinthian believers. AT: "Stop boasting about how one leader is better than another". - -## boasting ## - -"expressing too much pride in." The Corinthian believers were exalting Paul or Apollos or Cephas, when they should be worshiping Jesus Christ. - -## you are Christ’s, and Christ is God’s ## +# you are Christ's, and Christ is God's "you belong to Christ, and Christ belongs to God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/03/intro.md b/1co/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dd492e85b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:19 and 20, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +== Fleshly people== +The Corinthian believers were immature because of their unrighteous actions. He calls them "fleshly," meaning thinking as a nonbeliever. This term is used in opposition to those who are "spiritual." Christians following their "flesh" are foolish and they are following the wisdom of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +There are many metaphors in this chapter. He uses "babies" and "milk" as illustrations of spiritual immaturity. Paul uses the metaphors of planting and watering, to describe the roles he and Apollos played in growing the church in Corinth. Paul also uses many other metaphors to help teach spiritual truths to the Corinthians to help them to understand his teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/01.md b/1co/04/01.md index dbb9104ac5..8e2942fc91 100644 --- a/1co/04/01.md +++ b/1co/04/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## In this connection ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Because we are these stewards" +Having just reminded the people not to be proud concerning who taught them about the Lord and who had baptized them, Paul reminds the Corinthian believers that all believers are to be humble servants. -## it is a requirement for stewards that they be ## +# what is required of stewards -AT: "we are required to be" \ No newline at end of file +Paul is speaking of himself as if he were speaking about other people. AT: "we are required to be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/03.md b/1co/04/03.md index a03b85dfd4..bdffc17273 100644 --- a/1co/04/03.md +++ b/1co/04/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## it is a very small thing that I should be judged by you ## +# it is a very small thing that I should be judged by you -Paul is comparing the difference between human judgement and God's judgement. Man's judgment is trivial compared to God's true judgement upon man. +Paul is comparing the difference between human judgment and God's judgment. Man's judgment is not important compared to God's true judgment upon man. -## I am not aware of any charge being made ## +# I am not aware of any charge being made against me -AT: "I have not heard of any accusation." +"I have not heard anyone accuse me of doing wrong" -## that does not mean I am innocent. It is the Lord who judges me. ## +# that does not mean I am innocent. It is the Lord who judges me -"that lack of accusation does not prove I am innocent; the Lord knows if I am innocent or guilty." \ No newline at end of file +"that lack of accusation does not prove I am innocent. The Lord knows if I am innocent or guilty" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/05.md b/1co/04/05.md index ef30e84ed3..a568095da6 100644 --- a/1co/04/05.md +++ b/1co/04/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Therefore do not judge ## +# Therefore do not pronounce judgment about anything -Since God will judge when he comes, we are not to judge. +"Therefore do not judge anything" or "Therefore do not judge anyone" -## before the Lord comes ## +# He will bring to light the hidden things of darkness and reveal the purposes of the heart -refers to Christ's Second Coming +God will make known people's thoughts and intentions. AT: "Like a light that shines on things in darkness, God will show what people have secretly done and what they secretly planned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## of the hearts ## +# of the heart -"of people's hearts" - -## bring to light the hidden things of darkness, and make known the counsels of the hearts ## - -God will make known people's thoughts and intentions. Nothing will remain hidden before the Lord. \ No newline at end of file +"of people's hearts" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/06.md b/1co/04/06.md index 82b4a34df2..8f9192a691 100644 --- a/1co/04/06.md +++ b/1co/04/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## for your sakes ## +# brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# for your sakes "for your welfare" -## Do not go beyond what is written ## +# between you ... do you have that you did not ... you have freely ... do you boast ... you had not -"Do not act contrary to what is written in the Scriptures" (TFT) +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so all instances of "you" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## For who sees any difference between you and others? ## +# For who sees any difference between you and others? -Paul rebuked the Corinthians who think they are better for having believed the gospel by Paul or by Apollos. AT: "You are not superior to other men." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is rebuking the Corinthians who think they are better than those who heard the gospel from someone else. AT: "You are not superior to other men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What do you have that you did not freely receive? ## +# What do you have that you did not freely receive? -Paul emphasized that God gave them what they have for free. AT: "Everything that you have, God gave those things to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul emphasizes that God gave them what they have for free. AT: "God gave to you everything that you have for free!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## why do you boast as if you have done so? ## +# why do you boast as if you had not done so? -Paul was rebuking them for boasting in what they received. AT: "You do not have the right to boast" or "Do not boast at all." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul was rebuking them for boasting in what they received. AT: "You do not have the right to boast!" or "Do not boast at all!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/08.md b/1co/04/08.md index ebd5d0f3ac..682991b179 100644 --- a/1co/04/08.md +++ b/1co/04/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Already ## +# General Information: -Paul is using sarcasm to express his point. +Paul uses irony here to shame the Corinthians and make them realize that they are sinning when they are proud of themselves and their teachers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## God has put us apostles on display ... ## +# God has put us apostles on display Paul expresses two ways how God has put his apostles on display for the world to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## has put us apostles on display ## +# has put us apostles on display -God has displayed the apostles just like prisoners at the end of a Roman military parade are humiliated before their execution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God has displayed the apostles just like prisoners at the end of a Roman military parade, who are humiliated before their execution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## like men sentenced to death ## +# like men sentenced to death God put the apostles on display like men who are about to be executed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to angels and to human beings ## +# to the world—to angels, and to human beings -to both supernatural and mankind. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "the world" consists of both supernatural ("angels") and natural ("human beings") or 2) the list consists of three items: "to the world, to angels, and to human beings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/10.md b/1co/04/10.md index cf1058a80e..1b941c1746 100644 --- a/1co/04/10.md +++ b/1co/04/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## We are fools for Christ’s sake, but you are wise in Christ ## +# We are fools ... in dishonor -Paul uses opposites to contrast The world's view and Christian's view of believing in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Paul uses irony to shame the Corinthians so they will think about what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## We are weak, but you are strong ## +# You are held in honor -Paul uses opposites to contrast the world view and Christian's view of believing in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +"People treat you Corinthians as though you are important people" -## You are held in honor ## +# we are held in dishonor -"People hold you Corinthians in a position of honor" +"people shame us apostles" -## we are held in dishonor ## +# Up to this present hour -"people hold us apostles in a position of dishonor" +"Until now" or "Up to now" -## up to this present hour ## +# we are brutally beaten -AT: "until now" or "up to now" +This refers to hitting with the hand, not with whips or clubs. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people beat us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## brutally beaten ## +# we are homeless -AT: "punished with hard physical beatings" \ No newline at end of file +Paul means that they had places to stay, but they had to move around from place to place. They had no fixed home. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/12.md b/1co/04/12.md index d4cceec384..16cec6c644 100644 --- a/1co/04/12.md +++ b/1co/04/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## When we are reviled, we bless ## +# When we are reviled, we bless -"When people revile us, we bless them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When people revile us, we bless them" or "When people scorn us, we bless them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## revile ## +# When we are persecuted -AT: "scorn." Possibly: "abuse", or "curse" (UDB) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When people persecute us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## When we are persecuted ## +# When we are slandered -"When people persecute us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When people slander us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## When we are slandered ## +# We have become, and are still considered to be, the refuse of the world -"When people unfairly slander us" - -## We had become, and are still considered to be, the refuse of the world ## - -"We became, and people still consider us to be, the garbage of the world." \ No newline at end of file +"People began to consider us—and they still consider us—to be the garbage of the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/14.md b/1co/04/14.md index cb40d60715..dc7ff3d985 100644 --- a/1co/04/14.md +++ b/1co/04/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## I do not write these things to shame you, but to correct you ## +# I do not write these things to shame you, but to correct you -AT: "I don't intend to shame you, but to improve you" or "I am not trying to shame you, but I want to correct you." (UDB) +"I do not intend to shame you, but to improve you" or "I am not trying to shame you, but I want to correct you" -## ten thousand tutors ## +# correct -an exaggeration of the number of people guiding him, to emphasize the importance of the one spiritual father. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"warn" -## children...father ## +# ten thousand guardians + +This is an exaggeration of the number of people guiding them, to emphasize the importance of the one spiritual father. AT: "very many guardians" or "a large crowd of guardians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# children ... father Because Paul had led them to Christ, he is like a father to the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## correct ## +# I became your father in Christ Jesus through the gospel -AT: "improve" or "make better" - -## urge ## - -AT: "encourage strongly" or"recommend strongly" \ No newline at end of file +Paul is emphasizing firstly that his relationship with the Corinthians is most importantly "in Christ," secondly that it came because he told them the good news, and thirdly that he is the one who is like a father to them. "it was because God joined you to Christ when I told you the good news that I was the one who became your father" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/17.md b/1co/04/17.md index a6dab5a88f..b6ca8fd532 100644 --- a/1co/04/17.md +++ b/1co/04/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## now ## +# my beloved and faithful child in the Lord -Paul shifts his writing to rebuking their arrogant behavior. \ No newline at end of file +"whom I love and whom I teach about the Lord as if he were my own child" + +# Now + +This word indicates that Paul is shifting his topic to rebuking the arrogant behavior of the Corinthian believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/19.md b/1co/04/19.md index 64fb47869f..604d0dae79 100644 --- a/1co/04/19.md +++ b/1co/04/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## I will come to you ## +# I will come to you -"I will visit you." +"I will visit you" -## does not consist in talk ## +# What do you want? -AT: "is not made of words" or "is not about what you say" (UDB) +Paul was making a last appeal to the Corinthians, as he has been rebuking them for the errors they had made. AT: "Tell me what you want to happen now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What do you want? ## +# Shall I come to you with a rod or with love and in a spirit of gentleness -Paul was making a last appeal to the Corinthians as he has been rebuking the Corinthians for the errors they made. AT: "Tell me what you want to happen now." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is offering the Corinthians two opposing attitudes he could use when approaching them. AT: "If you want, I can come to punish you, or I can come to show you how much I love you by being gentle with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Shall I come to you with a rod or with love and a spirit of gentleness ## +# gentleness -Paul is offering the Corinthians either of two opposing attitudes he could use when approaching them. AT: "Do you want me to come teach you harshly, or do you want me to show you love and treat you gently." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## gentleness ## - -AT: "kindness" or "tenderness" \ No newline at end of file +"kindness" or "tenderness" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/04/intro.md b/1co/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e4645d26a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the last line of 4:6, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pride ##### +Paul contrasts the Corinthians' pride with the humbleness of the apostles. The Corinthian believers have no reason to be proud because all that they have, and all they are, is a gift from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are many metaphors in this chapter. The apostles are described as servants. Paul speaks of a victory parade where the apostles are the prisoners who will be killed. He uses a rod to stand for punishment. He calls himself their father because he is their "spiritual father." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +##### Irony ##### +Paul uses irony to shame the pride of the Corinthians. The Corinthian believers are reigning but the apostles are suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/05/01.md b/1co/05/01.md index 48b106c6e5..e1dd9f84ad 100644 --- a/1co/05/01.md +++ b/1co/05/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## that is not even permitted among the Gentiles ## +# Connecting Statement: -"that not even the Gentiles permit." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Paul now specifically states about what sin of theirs he has heard, and how the Corinthian believers are proud of their acceptance of that man and his sin. -## father's wife ## +# that is not even permitted among the Gentiles -the wife of his father, but not likely his mother. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that not even the Gentiles permit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Should you not mourn instead? ## +# father's wife + +the wife of his father, but probably not his own mother + +# Should you not mourn instead? This rhetorical question is used to scold the Corinthians. AT: "You should mourn over this instead!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## The one who did this must be removed from among you ## +# The one who did this must be removed from among you -"You must remove the one who did this from among you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must remove the one who did this from among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/05/03.md b/1co/05/03.md index 3a0b0df7a3..b7c4153828 100644 --- a/1co/05/03.md +++ b/1co/05/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## present in spirit ## +# I am present in spirit -Paul is present with them in his thoughts. "I am with you in my thoughts". +"I am with you in spirit." Being with them in spirit represents caring about them or wanting to be with them. AT: "I care about you" or "I want to be with you" -## I have already judged this person ## +# I have already passed judgment on the one who did this -"I have found this person guilty" +Possible meanings are 1) "I have decided decided what you should do with the one who did this" or 2) "I have found the person who did this guilty" -## gather together ## +# When you are assembled -"meet" +"When you are together" or "When you meet together" -## in the name of our Lord Jesus ## +# in the name of our Lord Jesus -an idiomatic expression for coming together to worship Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the name of the Lord Jesus is a metonym that represents his authority. AT: "with the authority of our Lord Jesus" or 2) being assembled in the Lord's name implies meeting together to worship him. AT: "to worship our Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## hand this man over to Satan ## +# hand this man over to Satan -This refers to expelling the man from God's people, so that he lives in Satan's realm, the world outside of the church. +Handing the man over to Satan represents not allowing the man to be part of their group so that Satan would be allowed to harm him. AT: "make this man leave your group so that Satan can harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for the destruction of the flesh ## +# for the destruction of the flesh -In order that the man becomes physically ill as God disciplines him for his sin. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "flesh" refers to his physical body. AT: "so that Satan may harm his body" or 2) "flesh" is a metaphor for the sinful nature. AT: "so that his sinful nature will be destroyed" or "so that he will not continue to live according to his sinful nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that his spirit may be saved on the day of the Lord + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that God may save his spirit on the day of the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/05/06.md b/1co/05/06.md index a6a3291134..597b843129 100644 --- a/1co/05/06.md +++ b/1co/05/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Do you not know that a little yeast leavens the whole loaf? ## +# Your boasting is not good -Just as a little yeast spreads throughout a whole loaf of bread, so can a little sin impact the entire fellowship of believers. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Your boasting is bad" -## has been sacrificed ## +# Do you not know that a little yeast leavens the whole loaf? -"The Lord God sacrificed Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Just as a little yeast spreads throughout a whole loaf of bread, so can a little sin impact the entire fellowship of believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed. ## +# Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed -As the passover Lamb covered the sins of Israel by faith each year so did Christ's death cover the sins of all who trust in Christ by faith for eternity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +As the Passover lamb covered the sins of Israel by faith each year, so did Christ's death cover the sins of all who trust in Christ by faith for eternity. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Lord has sacrificed Christ, our Passover lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/05/09.md b/1co/05/09.md index 803ce95969..040ec4c7e6 100644 --- a/1co/05/09.md +++ b/1co/05/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## sexually immoral people ## +# sexually immoral people -this refers to people who claim to believe in Christ but behave in this manner +This refers to people who claim to believe in Christ but behave in this manner. -## the immoral people of this world ## +# the immoral people of this world -People who have chosen to live an immoral life style who are not believers. +people who have chosen to live an immoral lifestyle, who are not believers -## the greedy ## +# the greedy -"those who are greedy" or "those who want everything that everyone else has" +"those who are greedy" or "those who are willing to be dishonest to get what others have" -## swindlers ## +# swindlers -This means people who "cheat or defraud of money or property." +This means people who cheat to get others' property. -## to stay away from them you would need to go out of the world ## +# you would need to go out of the world -no place in this world is free from such behavior. AT: "to stay away from them you would need avoid all men." \ No newline at end of file +"you would need to avoid all people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/05/11.md b/1co/05/11.md index 2679e1eea6..dbe139251c 100644 --- a/1co/05/11.md +++ b/1co/05/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## anyone who is called ## +# Connecting Statement: -Anyone who calls himself a believer in Christ. +Paul tells them how to treat believers in the church who refuse to be corrected for their involvement in sexual immorality and other obvious sins before others. -## how am I involved with judging those who are outside the church? ## +# anyone who is called -AT: "I do not judge people who do not belong to the church." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"anyone who calls himself" -## are you not to judge those who are inside the church? ## +# brother -"You should judge those who are inside the church." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here this means a fellow Christian, either a man or a woman. + +# how am I involved with judging those who are outside the church? + +Paul is emphasizing that he is not the one to judge people outside the church. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "I am not the one who should judge people who do not belong to the church" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# are you not to judge those who are inside the church? + +Paul is scolding the Corinthians. "you should know that you are the ones who should judge those who are inside the church" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/05/intro.md b/1co/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1f0524fbff --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the line of 5:13, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Euphemisms ##### + +Paul uses euphemisms to describe sensitive topics. This chapter deals with sexual immorality of one church member. To "hand this man over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh," means to allow Satan to destroy his body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fornication]]) + +##### Metaphor ##### +He uses an extended comparison using many metaphors. Yeast represents evil. The loaf probably represents the whole congregation. The unleavened bread represents a pure life. The Passover represents the Christian life. So the whole passage means: Don't you know that a little evil will affect the whole congregation. So clean yourselves from evil so you will all be good. Christ has been sacrificed for us; so let us be sincere and truthful and not wicked and behaving badly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unleavenedbread]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/01.md b/1co/06/01.md index f069b91c94..55802c0827 100644 --- a/1co/06/01.md +++ b/1co/06/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## dispute ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "disagreement" or "argument" +Paul then explains how believers are to settle disagreements with other believers. -## civil court ## +# dispute -where a local, government judge considers cases and decides who is right +"disagreement" or "argument" -## does he dare to go to the civil court before an unbelieving judge rather than before the saints? ## +# does he dare to go ... believers? -Paul says that Christians must resolve disagreements among themselves. AT: "Do not bring your accusations against a fellow believer before an unbelieving judge. Fellow believers must resolve their disagreements among themselves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is emphasizing that Christians must resolve disagreements among themselves. AT: "he should not dare to go ... believers!" or "he should be fear God and not go ... believers!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do you not know that the saints will judge the world? ## +# civil court -Paul is referring the future aspect of judging this world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +where a local government judge considers cases and decides who is right -## if you will judge the world, are you not able to settle unimportant matters? ## +# Do you not know that the believers will judge the world? -Paul said that they will be given the responsibility and ability to judge the entire world in the future, so they should be able to judge lesser disputes among themselves now. AT: "You will judge the world in the future, so you can settle this matter now." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +Paul is shaming the Corinthians for acting like they do not know. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## matters ## +# If then, you will judge the world, are you not able to settle matters of little importance? + +Because they will be given greater responsibility later, they should be responsible for lesser things now. AT: "you will judge the world in the future, so you should be able to settle this matter now." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). + +# matters "disputes" or "disagreements" -## Do you not know that we will judge angels? ## +# Do you not know that we will judge the angels? -"You know that we will judge angels." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is surprised that they do not seem to know. AT: "You know that we will judge the angels." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## we ## +# we Paul includes himself and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## How much more, then, can we not judge matters of this life? ## +# How much more, then, can we judge matters of this life? -AT: "Because we will be given the responsibility and ability to judge the angels, we can certainly judge matters in this life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Because they will be given greater responsibility later, they should be responsible for lesser things now. AT: "Because we know we will judge the angels, we can also be sure that God will enable us to judge matters in this life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/04.md b/1co/06/04.md index 89e6a80e4b..2d22e3b6e3 100644 --- a/1co/06/04.md +++ b/1co/06/04.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life ## +# If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life, why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church? -AT: "If you are called upon to make decisions about daily life" or "if you must settle matters that are important in this life" (UDB) +Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question or 2) this is a statement, "When in the past you have settled matters that are important in this life, you have not handed off disputes between Christians to be settled by unbelievers" or 3) this is a command, "When you settle matters that are important in this life, it is even to those who have no standing in the church that you should hand off disputes to be settled!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## why do you lay such cases ## +# If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life -"You should not submit such cases." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"If you are called upon to make decisions about daily life" or "If you must settle matters that are important in this life" -## those who have no standing in the church ## +# why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church? -Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for how they are handling these cases. Possible meanings are that 1) "You should stop giving such cases to members of the church who are not qualified to decide them" or 2) “You should stop giving such cases to people who are outside the church” or 3) “You could give such cases even to members of the church who are not well regarded by other believers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for how they are handling these cases. Possible meanings are that 1) "you should stop giving such cases to people who are outside the church." or 2) "you could give such cases even to members of the church who are not well regarded by other believers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## to your shame ## +# to your shame -AT: "to your dishonor" or "to show how you have failed in this matter." (UDB) +"to your dishonor" or "to show how you have failed in this matter" -## Is there not anyone among you wise enough to settle a dispute between brothers and sisters? ## +# Is there no one among you wise enough to settle a dispute between brothers? -AT: "You can find a wise believer to settle arguments between believers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is shaming the Corinthians. AT: "You should be ashamed that you cannot find a wise believer to settle arguments between believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## dispute ## +# brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# dispute "argument" or "disagreement" -## But as it stands ## +# But as it stands -AT: "But the way it is now" or "But instead" (UDB) +"But the way it is now" or "But instead" -## one believer goes to court against another believer, and that case is placed before a judge who is an unbeliever ## +# one believer goes to court against another believer, and that case is placed before a judge who is an unbeliever -AT: "believers who have disputes with each other ask unbelieving judges to make decisions for them." +"believers who have disputes with each other ask unbelieving judges to make decisions for them" -## that case is placed ## +# that case is placed -"a believer submits that case" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a believer submits that case" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/07.md b/1co/06/07.md index 4a42875229..9f563d0484 100644 --- a/1co/06/07.md +++ b/1co/06/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## defeat ## +# defeat -AT: "failure" or "loss" +"failure" or "loss" -## cheat ## +# Why not rather suffer the wrong? Why not rather allow yourselves to be cheated? -AT: "trick" or "deceive" +Paul continues to shame the Corinthians. AT: "It would be better to let others wrong you and cheat you than to take them to court." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why not rather suffer the wrong? Why not rather allow yourselves to be cheated? ## +# your own brothers -AT: "It's better to let others wrong you and cheat you than to take them to court." (See; [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## your own brothers and sisters ## - -All believers in Christ are brothers and sisters of each other. AT: "your own fellow believers" \ No newline at end of file +All believers in Christ are brothers and sisters of each other. "your own fellow believers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/09.md b/1co/06/09.md index bf454336ad..a68c1113ec 100644 --- a/1co/06/09.md +++ b/1co/06/09.md @@ -1,39 +1,47 @@ -## Do you not know that - ## +# Do you not know that -** He emphasizes that they should already know this truth. AT: "You already know that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul emphasizes that they should already know this truth. AT: "You already know that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## inherit the kingdom of God ## +# inherit -God will not judge them as righteous at the judgment and they will not enter eternal life. +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## male prostitutes ## +# inherit the kingdom of God -This is prostitute who is a man who sleeps with other men. +God will not judge them as righteous at the judgment, and they will not enter eternal life. -## those who practice homosexuality ## +# male prostitutes, those who practice homosexuality -when a man sleeps with another man +Possible meanings are 1) this is a merism for all homosexual activity or 2) Paul is naming two different activities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## thief ## +# male prostitutes -"one who steals from others" or "robber" +Possible meanings are 1) men who allow other men to sleep with them or 2) men who allow men who pay them to sleep with them or 3) men who allow other men to sleep with them as part of a religious activity. -## the greedy ## +# those who practice homosexuality -AT: "people who take more so others don't get enough" +men who sleep with other men -## swindler ## +# thieves -AT: "cheater" or "those who steal from others who trust in them" (UDB) +"people who steal from others" or "robbers" -## you have been cleansed ## +# the greedy -God has cleansed you (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +people who are willing to use evil means to take others' property -## you have been made holy ## +# swindlers -God has made you holy or sanctified you (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"cheaters" or "those who steal from others who trust in them" -## you have been made right with God ## +# you have been cleansed -God has made you right with him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has cleansed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you have been sanctified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has set you apart for himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you have been made right with God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has made you right with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/12.md b/1co/06/12.md index ab050f2ac3..3be49bf5a6 100644 --- a/1co/06/12.md +++ b/1co/06/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## "Everything is lawful for me" ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Some say, 'I can do anything'" or "I am allowed to do anything" +Paul reminds the Corinthian believers that God wants them pure because Christ has bought them with his death. Their bodies are now God's temple. He does so by saying what the Corinthians might say and then correcting them. -## but not everything is beneficial ## +# Everything is lawful for me -"but not everything is good for me" +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is answering what some Corinthians might be thinking, "Some say, 'I can do anything'" or 2) Paul is actually saying what he thinks is true, "God allows me to do anything." -## I will not be mastered by any of them ## +# but not everything is beneficial -AT: "These things will not rule over me like a master." +Paul is answering whoever says, "Everything is lawful for me." AT: "but not everything is good for me" -## "Food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food" - but God will do away with both of them ## +# I will not be mastered by any of them -but God will do away with both of them** - AT: "Some say 'food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,' but God will do away with both the stomach and food". +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not allow these things to rule over me like a master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the stomach ## +# "Food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food," but God will do away with both of them -the physical body (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is correcting what some Corinthians might be thinking, "food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food," by answering that God will do away with both the stomach and food or 2) Paul actually agrees that "food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food," but he is adding that God will do away with both of them. -## do away with ## +# Food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food + +One possible meanings is that the speaker is speaking indirectly of the body and sex, but you should translate this literally as "stomach" and "food." + +# do away with "destroy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/14.md b/1co/06/14.md index 1f0ed8ed25..138bfbf491 100644 --- a/1co/06/14.md +++ b/1co/06/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## raised the Lord ## +# raised the Lord -Caused Jesus to be alive again. +caused Jesus to be alive again -## Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ? ## +# Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ? -Just as our arms and legs are members of our own bodies, so our bodies are members of Christ's body the church. AT: "Your bodies are part of Christ" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word translated as "members" refers to parts of a body. Our belonging to Christ is spoken of as if we were parts of his body. We belong to him so much that even our bodies belong to him. Paul uses this question to remind the people of something they should already know. AT: "You should know that your bodies belong to Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Shall I then take away the members of Christ and join them to a prostitute? ## +# Shall I then take away the members of Christ and join them to a prostitute? May it not be! -AT: "You are part of Christ, I will not join you with a prostitute." +Paul uses this question to emphasize how wrong it is for someone who belongs to Christ to go to a prostitute. AT: "I am part of Christ. I will not take my body and join myself to a prostitute!" or "We are parts of Christ's body. We must not take our bodies and join ourselves to prostitutes!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## May it not be! ## +# May it not be! -AT: "That should never happen!" \ No newline at end of file +"That should never happen!" or "We must never do that!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/16.md b/1co/06/16.md index aea2d7beef..cf7accd183 100644 --- a/1co/06/16.md +++ b/1co/06/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Do you not know that ## +# Do you not know that ... her? -"You already know that." Paul emphasizes a truth that they already know. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul begins to teach the Corinthians by emphasizing a truth that they already know. "I want to remind you that ... her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## But he who is joined to the Lord becomes one spirit with him ## +# he who is joined to a prostitute becomes one flesh with her -AT: "A person who is joined to the Lord becomes one spirit with the Lord." \ No newline at end of file +This can also be stated in active form. AT: "when a man joins his body to the body of a prostitute, it is as if their bodies become one body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he who is joined to the Lord becomes one spirit with him + +This can also be stated in active form. AT: "when the Lord joins his spirit to the spirit of a person, it is as if their spirits become one spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/18.md b/1co/06/18.md index 124d04177d..36019e1a18 100644 --- a/1co/06/18.md +++ b/1co/06/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Run away from ## +# Run away from -The physical image of a person running from danger is compared to the spiritual image of a person rejecting sin. AT: "Get away from". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of a person rejecting sexual sin as if that person were running away from danger. AT: "Get away from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## commits ## +# immorality! Every other sin that a person commits is outside the body, but -AT: "does" or "performs" +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is showing that sexual sin is especially bad because it is not only against others but against the sinner's own body or 2) Paul is quoting what some Corinthians were thinking. AT: "immorality! Some of you are saying, 'Every sin that a person commits is outside the body,' but I say that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## "Every other sin that a person commits is outside the body"—but the sexually immoral person sins against his own body ## +# commits -Sexual sin can result in one's own body becoming sick with disease, but other sins do not harm the physical body the same way. \ No newline at end of file +"does" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/19.md b/1co/06/19.md index 2f5db0776d..cc63e5439a 100644 --- a/1co/06/19.md +++ b/1co/06/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Do you not know ## +# Do you not know ... God? ... that you are not your own? -"You already know". Paul is emphasizing that they already know this truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is continuing to teach the Corinthians by emphasizing what they already know. AT: "I want to remind you ... God and that you are not your own." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## your body ## +# your body -the body of each individual Christian is a temple of the Holy Spirit. +the body of each individual Christian is a temple of the Holy Spirit -## temple of the Holy Spirit ## +# temple of the Holy Spirit -A temple is dedicated to divine beings and where they also dwell. In the same way, each Corinthian believer's body is like a temple since the Holy Spirit is present within them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +A temple is dedicated to divine beings, and it is also where they dwell. In the same way, each Corinthian believer's body is like a temple because the Holy Spirit is present within them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For you were bought with a price ## +# For you were bought with a price -God paid for the freedom of the Corinthians from the slavery of sin. AT: "God paid for your freedom". +God paid for the freedom of the Corinthians from the slavery of sin. This can be stated as active. AT: "God paid for your freedom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Therefore ## +# Therefore -AT: "so" or "since this is true" or "because of this fact" \ No newline at end of file +"Because this is true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/06/intro.md b/1co/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..117f6747d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Lawsuits ##### + +Christians should not take another Christian to court before a non-Christian judge. It is better to be cheated. Since Christians will judge the angels, they should be able to solve problems among themselves. It is especially bad to use a court to cheat another believer. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +The temple of the Holy Spirit is an important metaphor. It is a reference to the place where the Holy Spirit stays and is worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/01.md b/1co/07/01.md index fbc9ee8e7a..ae5201779f 100644 --- a/1co/07/01.md +++ b/1co/07/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Now ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul gives the believers some specific instructions on marriage. + +# Now Paul is introducing a new topic in his teaching. -## the things about which you wrote me ## +# the issues you wrote about The Corinthians had written a letter to Paul to ask for answers to certain questions. -## for a man ## +# about: "It is good for a man not to touch a woman." But because -in this usage, male spouse or husband +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is quoting what the Corinthians had written, "about: you wrote, 'It is good for a man not to touch a woman.' That is true, but because" or 2) Paul is saying what he really thinks, "about: my answer is that yes, it is good for a man not to touch a woman. But because" -## it is good ## +# It is good -AT: "it is right and acceptable" +"It is most helpful" -## But because of temptations for many immoral acts ## +# for a man -AT: "But because people experience temptation to commit sexual sin." +Possible meanings are 1) "a man" refers to a married man. AT: "a husband" or 2) "a man" refers to any man. -## each man should have his own wife, and each woman should have her own husband ## +# not to touch a woman -To clarify this for polygamous cultures, "each man should have one wife, and each woman should have one husband." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "touch a woman" is a euphemism for having sexual relations. AT: "not to have sexual relations with his wife for a while" or 2) "touch a woman" is a metonym for marry. AT: "not to marry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). + +# But because of temptations for many immoral acts, each + +"But because Satan tempts people to commit sexual sin, each" or "But we desire to commit sexual sin because of our sinful nature, so each" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/03.md b/1co/07/03.md index b9fc7a75d1..16fbbeea49 100644 --- a/1co/07/03.md +++ b/1co/07/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## conjugal rights ## +# sexual rights -Both the husbands and wives are obligated to regularly sleep with their spouses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both husbands and wives are obligated to regularly sleep with their spouses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# likewise the wife to her husband + +The words "should give" and "sexual rights" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "likewise the wife should give to her husband his sexual rights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/05.md b/1co/07/05.md index 3292a280b9..802b3305f8 100644 --- a/1co/07/05.md +++ b/1co/07/05.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## do not deprive each other of sleeping together ## +# Do not deprive each other -AT: "do not refuse to sleep with your spouse" +The word "deprive" means to keep from someone something that the other person has the right to receive. "Do not refuse to have marital relations with your spouse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## so that you may devote yourselves to prayer ## +# so that you may devote yourselves to prayer -They decide together to pass some days without sleeping together in order to have a period of especially deep prayer; in Judaism that might be a period of 1-2 weeks. +in order to have a period of especially deep prayer -## devote yourselves ## +# devote yourselves "commit yourselves" -## come together again ## +# come together again -AT: "sleep together again" +"sleep together again" -## because of your lack of self-control ## +# because of your lack of self-control -control** - AT: "because after some days, your sexual desires will be harder to keep under control" +"because after some days, your sexual desires will be harder to keep under control" -## I say these things to you more as concession and not as command ## +# I say these things to you as a concession and not as a command -Paul tells the Corinthians that they can take a short period of time to abstain from sleeping together for the purpose of prayer, but that this is a special case, not an continuing requirement. +Possible meanings are Paul is telling the Corinthians that he is allowing them, but not commanding them, 1) to marry and sleep together or 2) to stop sleeping together for a time. -## were as I am ## +# were as I am -were unmarried (formerly-married or never-married), as Paul is. +Either Paul had never married or his wife had died. It is unlikely that he had been through a divorce. -## But each one has his own gift from God, one of this kind and another of that kind ## +# But each one has his own gift from God. One has this kind of gift, and another that kind -AT: "God gives one person a ability, and to another person some other ability." \ No newline at end of file +"God enables people to do different things. He enables one person to do one thing and another person to do something different" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/08.md b/1co/07/08.md index 2bc8fefece..1996fd2301 100644 --- a/1co/07/08.md +++ b/1co/07/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## unmarried ## +# the unmarried -“not now married”; this may include the never-married and also the formerly-married. +"this those who are not married" -## widow ## +# to widows -a woman whose husband has died +"to women whose husband has died" -## it is good ## +# it is good -The word good here refers to right and acceptable. AT: "it is right and acceptable" +See how you translated this in [1 Corinthians 7:1](./01.md). -## marry ## +# to burn with passion -become husband and wife. - -## to burn with passion ## - -AT: "to live with constant desire to sleep with someone." \ No newline at end of file +"to live with the constant desire to sleep with someone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/10.md b/1co/07/10.md index 753ce8da3c..f4fcc9c518 100644 --- a/1co/07/10.md +++ b/1co/07/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## married ## +# should not separate from -having a spouse (husband or wife) +Paul's readers knew no difference between separating and divorcing. To stop living with someone was to end the marriage. AT: "should not divorce" -## should not separate ## +# be reconciled to her husband -Most Greeks did not distinguish between legal divorce and simple separation; "separation" for most couples meant that the marriage no longer existed. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "she should make peace with her husband and return to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## should not divorce ## +# should not divorce -This is the same as "should not separate", see note above. It may denote legal divorce or simple separation. - -## be reconciled to him ## - -"she should resolve her issues with her husband and return to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). \ No newline at end of file +Paul's readers knew no difference between divorcing and simply separating. To do either was to end the marriage. AT: "should not separate from" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/12.md b/1co/07/12.md index 41d184ada2..76723a29b2 100644 --- a/1co/07/12.md +++ b/1co/07/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## content ## +# content "willing" or "satisfied" -## For the unbelieving husband is set apart ## +# For the unbelieving husband is set apart because of his wife -"For God has set apart the unbelieving husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "For God has set apart the unbelieving husband for himself because of his believing wife" or 2) "God treats the unbelieving husband as he would treat a son for the sake of his believing wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the unbelieving woman is set apart ## +# husband ... wife -"God has set apart the unbelieving woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These are the same Greek words as for "man" and "woman." -## they are set apart ## +# the unbelieving wife is set apart because of the brother -"God has set them apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "God has set apart the unbelieving wife for himself because of her husband who believes" or 2) "God treats the unbelieving wife as he would treat a daughter for the sake of her husband who believes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the brother + +the believing man or husband + +# they are set apart + +Possible meanings are 1) "God has set them apart for himself" or 2) "God treats them as he would treat his own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/15.md b/1co/07/15.md index 4211dc4535..2f2ed92d26 100644 --- a/1co/07/15.md +++ b/1co/07/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## In such cases, the brother or sister is not bound to their vows ## +# In such cases, the brother or sister is not bound to their vows -"In such cases, the believing spouse's marriage obligation is no longer required." (See; [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "In such cases, God does not require the believing spouse to continue to obey the marriage vow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## how do you know, woman, whether you will save your husband? ## +# do you know, woman ... you will save your husband ... do you know, man ... you will save your wife -"you do not know if you will save your unbelieving husband." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so all instances of "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## how do you know, man, whether your will save your wife ## +# how do you know, woman, whether you will save your husband? -"you do not know if you will save your unbelieving wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul uses a question to cause women to think deeply about what he is saying. AT: "you cannot know if you will save your unbelieving husband." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# how do you know, man, whether you will save your wife + +Paul uses a question to cause men to think deeply about what he is saying. AT: "you cannot know if you will save your unbelieving wife." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/17.md b/1co/07/17.md index e1ded9c9dd..c7ae5d26c5 100644 --- a/1co/07/17.md +++ b/1co/07/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## each one ## +# each one "each believer" -## This is my rule in all the churches ## +# This is my rule in all the churches Paul was teaching believers in all the churches to act in this manner. -## Was anyone circumcised when he was called to believe ## +# Was anyone circumcised when he was called to believe -Paul was addressing the circumcised ones (the Jews). AT: “To the circumcised ones, when God called you to believe you had already been circumcised.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul was addressing the circumcised ones (the Jews). AT: "To the circumcised ones, when God called you to believe, you had already been circumcised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Was anyone uncircumcised when he was called to faith ## +# Was anyone uncircumcised when he was called to faith -Paul was now addressing the uncircumcised ones. AT: "To the uncircumcised ones, when God called you to believe you were not circumcised." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul was now addressing the uncircumcised ones. AT: "To the uncircumcised ones, when God called you to believe, you were not circumcised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/20.md b/1co/07/20.md index e9b08403bb..800ed7c1f2 100644 --- a/1co/07/20.md +++ b/1co/07/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## in the calling ## +# General Information: -This instance of "calling" refers to the work or social position in which you were involved; "live and work as you did" (UDB). +Here the words "us" and "we" refers to all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## Were you a slave when God called you? ## +# remain in the calling -AT: "To those who were slaves when God called you to believe:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "calling" refers to the work or social position in which you were involved. AT: "live and work as you did" -## the Lord's freedman ## +# Were you ... called you? Do not be ... you can become -this freedman is forgiven by God and therefore free from Satan and sin. +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so all instances of "you" and the command "be" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## You have been bought with a price ## +# Were you a slave when God called you? Do not be concerned -AT: “Christ bought you by dying for you.” +This can be stated as a statement. AT: "To those who were slaves when God called you to believe, I say this: do not be concerned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## when we were called to believe ## +# the Lord's freeman -"when God called us to believe in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This freeman is forgiven by God and therefore free from Satan and sin. -## us..we ## +# You have been bought with a price -refers to all Christians (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Christ bought you by dying for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# when we were called to believe + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when God called us to believe in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/25.md b/1co/07/25.md index 4f5e161c88..d62fb68870 100644 --- a/1co/07/25.md +++ b/1co/07/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Now concerning those who never married, I have no commandment from the Lord ## +# Now concerning those who never married, I have no commandment from the Lord -Paul knows no teaching of Jesus that speaks about this situation. AT: "I don't have a commandment from the Lord about people who have never married." +Paul knows no teaching of Jesus that speaks about this situation. AT: "The Lord has not commanded me to say anything to people who have never married" -## my opinion ## +# I give my opinion -Paul is emphasizing that these thoughts about marriage are his - not a direct commandment from the Lord. +"I tell you what I think" -## Therefore ## +# as one who, by the Lord's mercy, is trustworthy -AT: "So" or "Because of this" - -## impending crisis ## - -AT: "disaster that is coming" \ No newline at end of file +"because, by the Lord's mercy, I am trustworthy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/27.md b/1co/07/27.md index 5aa901988f..5147ce58f8 100644 --- a/1co/07/27.md +++ b/1co/07/27.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Are you bound to a woman by a vow of marriage ## +# Are you bound ... Do not seek ... Are you free ... Do not seek ... you do ... you have -Paul was addressing men who were married. AT: "If you are married," +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so all these instances of "you" and the command "do not seek" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Do not seek freedom from it ## +# Are you bound to a woman? Do not seek -AT: "Don't try to be released from the vow of marriage." +Paul addresses men who are married. AT: "If you are married, do not seek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Are you free from a wife or unmarried? ## +# Are you free of a wife? Do not seek -Paul was now addressing those who were not now married. AT: "If you are not now married" +Paul addresses men who are not married. AT: "If you are not now married, do not seek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do not seek a wife ## +# Do not seek a wife -AT: "Do not try to get married." +"Do not try to get married" -## committed ## +# committed -"performed" or "engaged in" +"done" -## I would like to spare you from them ## +# I would like to spare you from them -AT: "I don't want you to have them." \ No newline at end of file +"I do not want you to have them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/29.md b/1co/07/29.md index 4a480d9e9f..cf1f2416a1 100644 --- a/1co/07/29.md +++ b/1co/07/29.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## The time is short ## +# The time is short -AT: "There is little time" or "Time is almost gone." +"There is little time" or "Time is almost gone" -## weep ## +# weep -AT: "cry" or "grieve with tears" +"cry" or "grieve with tears" -## they did not have their possessions ## +# those who use the world -AT: "they did not own anything" +"those who deal every day with unbelievers" -## those who deal with the world ## +# should not act as though they are using it to the full -AT: "those who deal every day with unbelievers". - -## as though they had no dealings with it ## - -AT: "like they did not deal with unbelievers." - -## for the system of this world is coming to an end ## - -Because Satan's control of this world will soon stop. \ No newline at end of file +"should show by their actions that they have their hope in God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/32.md b/1co/07/32.md index 61cd12d4a7..ddb9b875e2 100644 --- a/1co/07/32.md +++ b/1co/07/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## free from worries ## +# free from worries -AT: "calm" or "unworried" +"calm" or "unworried" -## concerned about ## +# concerned about -AT: "focused on" +"focused on" -## He is divided ## +# he is divided -AT: "He is trying to please God and please his wife." \ No newline at end of file +"he is trying to please God and please his wife at the same time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/35.md b/1co/07/35.md index 457dc6c2e2..0ee56964ce 100644 --- a/1co/07/35.md +++ b/1co/07/35.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## constraint ## +# constraint -AT: "burden" or "restriction" +"restriction" -## may be devoted to ## +# may be devoted to -AT: "can concentrate on" \ No newline at end of file +"can concentrate on" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/36.md b/1co/07/36.md index 1a64d4aec7..82b0a77f5b 100644 --- a/1co/07/36.md +++ b/1co/07/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## not treating...with respect ## +# not treating ... with respect "not being kind to" or "not honoring" -## his fiancée ## +# his fiancée -Possible meanings are 1) "the woman whom he promised to marry." or 2) "his virgin daughter." +Possible meanings are 1) "the woman whom he promised to marry" or 2) "his virgin daughter." -## let him marry her ## +# They should marry -Possible meanings are 1) "let him marry his fiancee." or 2) "let him give his daughter to be married." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "He should marry his fiancée" or 2) "He should let his daughter get married." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/39.md b/1co/07/39.md index fe3c85e503..9943dfb533 100644 --- a/1co/07/39.md +++ b/1co/07/39.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## as long as he lives ## +# for as long as he lives "until he dies" -## whomever she wishes ## +# whomever she wishes -AT: "anyone she wants" +"anyone she wants" -## in the Lord ## +# in the Lord -AT: "if the new husband is already a believer." +"if the new husband is a believer" -## my judgment ## +# my judgment -"my understanding of God's Word." +"my understanding of God's word" -## happier ## +# happier more contented, more joyful -## lives as she is ## +# lives as she is -AT: "remains unmarried." \ No newline at end of file +"remains unmarried" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/07/intro.md b/1co/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..823ab7e38e --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Paul begins to answer a series of questions which may have been asked of him. The first question involves marriage. The second question is on changing one's status: a slave trying to become free, a Gentile becoming a Jew or a Jew becoming a Gentile. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Divorce ##### +Christians should try not to divorce. Believers married to unbelievers should not leave their husband or wife. If the unbelieving husband or wife leaves, this is not considered to be sin. Paul advises that, because of the difficult times and the nearness to the return of Jesus, remaining unmarried is an acceptable option. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Euphemisms ##### +There are many euphemisms used to describe sexual relations because this is often a taboo topic and many cultures do not wish to speak openly about these matters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/08/01.md b/1co/08/01.md index a1b2bee68f..c4fca69287 100644 --- a/1co/08/01.md +++ b/1co/08/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## Now about ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul uses this phrase to move to the next question that the Corinthians had asked him. +Paul reminds the believers that though idols have no power, believers must be careful not to affect the weaker believers who might think they care about the idols. He tells believers to be careful with the liberty believers have in Christ. -## food sacrificed to idols ## +# General Information: -The pagan worshipers would offer grain, fish, fowl, or meat, to a god. The priests would burn a portion of it on the altar. Paul speaks about the remaining portion, which would be returned to the worshiper or sold in the market. +"We" means Paul and, though specifically writing to the Corinthian believers, includes all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## We know that "we all have knowledge" ## +# Now about -Paul is quoting a phrase that some Corinthians used. AT: "We all know, as you yourselves like to say, that 'we all have knowledge'". +Paul uses this phrase to move on to the next question the Corinthians had asked him. -## puffs up ## +# food sacrificed to idols -"makes one proud" or "makes one think more of themselves than they should" +Gentile worshipers would offer grain, fish, fowl, or meat, to their gods. The priest would burn a portion of it on the altar. Paul is speaking of the portion the priest would give back for the worshiper to eat or sell in the market. -## thinks he knows something ## +# Knowledge puffs up + +"Knowledge puffs people up." Here "puffs up" is a metaphor for making someone proud. The abstract noun "knowledge" can be expressed with the verb "know." AT: "Knowledge makes people proud" or "People who think that they know a lot become proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but love builds up + +The abstract noun "love" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "but when we love people, we build them up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# love builds up + +Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. AT: "love strengthens people" or "when we love people, we strengthen them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# thinks he knows something "believes he knows everything about something" -## that person is known by him ## +# that person is known by him -"God knows that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] ) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God knows that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/08/04.md b/1co/08/04.md index 67583a30d9..a56a05d2b5 100644 --- a/1co/08/04.md +++ b/1co/08/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## we ## +# General Information: -Paul and the Corinthians. (See; [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +"We" and "us" here refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## know that "an idol in this world is nothing" ## +# We know that an idol in this world is nothing and that there is no God but one -Paul is quoting a phrase that some Corinthians used. AT: “We all know, as you yourselves like to say, that 'an idol has no power or meaning for us'.” +Paul is probably quoting phrases that some Corinthians used. Being "nothing" represents having no power. AT: "We all know, as you yourselves like to say, that an idol in this world has no power and that there is no God but one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## an idol in this world is nothing ## +# so-called gods -AT: "there is no idol in this world" +"things that people call gods" -## gods and lords ## +# many "gods" and many "lords." -Paul does not believe in many gods, but he recognizes that the pagans believe in them. +Paul does not believe that many gods and many lords exist, but he recognizes that the pagans believe they do. -## us ## +# Yet for us there is only one God -Paul and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) - -## for us there is ## - -"we believe in" \ No newline at end of file +"Yet we know that there is only one God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/08/07.md b/1co/08/07.md index 03c51b3045..a510abf744 100644 --- a/1co/08/07.md +++ b/1co/08/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## everyone...some ## +# General Information: -"all people...a portion of all people" +Paul is speaking here of "weak" brothers, people who cannot separate food sacrificed to idols from the worship of those idols. If a Christian eats food that has been sacrificed to an idol, weak brothers might think that God will allow them to worship the idol by eating the food. Even if the eater has not worshiped the idol and is simply eating the food, he has still corrupted his weak brothers' conscience. -## corrupted ## +# everyone ... some + +"all people ... some people who are now Christians" + +# corrupted "ruined" or "harmed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/08/08.md b/1co/08/08.md index 87236d225d..895879bdd2 100644 --- a/1co/08/08.md +++ b/1co/08/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## food will not recommend us to God ## +# food will not present us to God -"food does not give us favor with God" or "the food we eat does not make God pleased with us" +Paul speaks of food as though it were a person who could make God welcome us. AT: "food does not give us favor with God" or "the food we eat does not make God pleased with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## We are not worse if we do not eat nor better if we do eat ## +# We are not worse if we do not eat, nor better if we do eat it -"We do not lose anything if we eat nor we gain anything if we eat it." +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Some people might think that if we do not eat some things, God will love us less. But they are wrong. Those who think that God will love us more if we do eat those things are also wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## emboldened to eat ## - -"encouraged to eat" - -## the weak ## +# someone who is weak believers not strong in their faith -## at meat ## +# sees you, who have -"at a meal" or "eating" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so these words are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# his ... conscience + +what he understands to be right and wrong + +# emboldened to eat + +"encouraged to eat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/08/11.md b/1co/08/11.md index 45fdbb1a7c..c50fc799a7 100644 --- a/1co/08/11.md +++ b/1co/08/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the weaker brother or sister...is destroyed ## +# your understanding -the brother or sister who is not strong in his or her faith will sin or lose his or her faith. +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word "your" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Therefore ## +# the weaker one ... is destroyed -"because of this last principle" +The brother or sister who is not strong in his or her faith will sin or lose his or her faith. -## if food causes ## +# Therefore -"if food bring about" or "if food encourages" \ No newline at end of file +"Because what I have just said is true" + +# if food causes + +"Food" here is a metonym for the person eating the food. AT: "if I cause by eating" or "if I, because of what I eat, cause" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/08/intro.md b/1co/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..504979b8f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 8:6, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +Chapters 8-10 form a single unit, answering the question: "Is it acceptable to eat meat that has been sacrificed to an idol?" + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +==Meat sacrificed to idols == +Paul answers their question by saying that idols are gods that do not really exist, and that therefore there is nothing wrong with the meat. However, someone who does not understand a Christian's freedom to eat this meat may see a Christian eating and be encouraged to eat the meat as an act of worship to the idol. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/01.md b/1co/09/01.md index 7b7f01e265..c59a2cee94 100644 --- a/1co/09/01.md +++ b/1co/09/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Am I not free? ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of the rights he has. AT: "I am free." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul explains how he uses the liberty he has in Christ. -## Am I not an apostle? ## +# Am I not free? + +Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of the rights he has. AT: "I am a free person." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Am I not an apostle? Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of who he is and the rights he has. AT: "I am an apostle." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Have I not seen Jesus our Lord? ## +# Have I not seen Jesus our Lord? Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of who he is. AT: "I have seen Jesus our Lord." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Are you not my workmanship in the Lord? ## +# Are you not my workmanship in the Lord? -Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of their relationship to him. AT: "Your belief in Christ is a result of my work in the Lord." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of their relationship to him. AT: "You believe in Christ because I have worked the way the Lord wants me to." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## you are the proof of ## +# you are the proof of my apostleship in the Lord -AT: "your belief in Christ confirms" \ No newline at end of file +"Proof" is a metonym for the evidence needed to prove something. AT: "you are evidence I can use to prove that the Lord has chosen me to be an apostle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/03.md b/1co/09/03.md index 0349df954d..22811ff5d1 100644 --- a/1co/09/03.md +++ b/1co/09/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Do we not have the right to eat and drink? ## +# This is my defense ... me: Do -AT: "We have the absolute right to receive food and drink from the churches." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the words that follow are Paul's defense or 2) the words in [1 Corinthians 9:1-2](./01.md) are Paul's defense, "This is my defense ... me. Do." -## we ## +# Do we not have the right to eat and drink? -refers to Paul and Barnabas (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]). +Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. AT: "We have the absolute right to receive food and drink from the churches." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do we not have the right to take along a wife who is a believer, as do the rest of the apostles, and the brothers of the Lord and Cephas? ## +# we -AT: "If we have believing wives, we have a right to take them with us since that is the case with the other apostles, the brothers of the Lord and Cephas." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "we" refers to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]). -## Or is it Barnabas and I who must work? ## +# Do we not have the right to take along with us a wife who is a believer, as do the rest of the apostles, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas? -AT: "Barnabas and I have the right not to work." or "But you expect Barnabas and I to work to earn money." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. AT: "If we have believing wives, we have a right to take them with us just as the other apostles take them, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Or is it only Barnabas and I who must work? + +Paul is shaming the Corinthians. AT: "You seem to think that the only people you think need to work to earn money are Barnabas and me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/07.md b/1co/09/07.md index 7258f7c355..7457b9fdf5 100644 --- a/1co/09/07.md +++ b/1co/09/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Who serves as a soldier at his own expense? ## +# Who serves as a soldier at his own expense? -AT: "A soldier does not serve using his own money." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. AT: "We all know that no soldier has to buy his own supplies." or "We all know that every soldier receives his supplies from the government." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). -## Who plants a vineyard and does not eat its fruits? ## +# Who plants a vineyard and does not eat its fruit? -AT: "The one who plants a vineyard will eat its fruits." or "No one expects someone who plants a vineyard not to eats its fruits." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. AT: "We all know that the one who plants a vineyard will always eat its fruit." or "We all know that no one expects someone who plants a vineyard not to eat its fruits." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## who tends a flock and does not drink from it? ## +# Or who tends a flock and does not drink milk from it? -AT: "Someone who works by tending the flock will get his drink from it." or "No one expects the one who works by tending the flock not to not get milk from it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. AT: "We all know that those who tend flocks get their drink from the flocks." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do I say these things based on human authority? ## +# Do I say these things based on human authority? -AT: "I am not saying these things based on human practices." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is shaming the Corinthians. AT: "You seem to think that I am saying these things based on merely human authority." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Does not the law also say this? ## +# Does not the law also say this? -AT: "This is what is written in the law." (See; [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul is shaming the Corinthians. AT: "You act as if you do not know that this is what is written in the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/09.md b/1co/09/09.md index 748b9b5a24..aa7aa5677a 100644 --- a/1co/09/09.md +++ b/1co/09/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Is it really oxen that God cares about? ## +# Do not put -AT: "It isn't oxen that God cares most about." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]; +Moses was speaking to the Israelites as if they were one person, so this command is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Is he not speaking about us? ## +# Is it really the oxen that God cares about? -AT: ""God was certainly speaking about us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul asks a question so that the Corinthians will think of what he is saying without him having to say it. AT: "You should know without me telling you that it is not the oxen that God cares most about." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## about us ## +# Is he not speaking about us? -The 'us' refers to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Paul asks a question to emphasize the statement he is making. AT: "Instead, God was certainly speaking about us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## is it too much for us to reap material things from you? ## +# about us -AT: "It is not too much for us to receive material support from you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "us" refers to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# is it too much for us to reap material things from you? + +Paul asks a question so that the Corinthians will think of what he is saying without him having to say it. AT: "you should know without me telling you that it is not too much for us to receive material support from you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/12.md b/1co/09/12.md index f3232b3736..aa6bc2cf6d 100644 --- a/1co/09/12.md +++ b/1co/09/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## if others ## +# If others exercised ... you, do we not have even more? -other workers of the gospel. +Paul asks a question so that the Corinthians will think of what he is saying without him having to say it. Here "we" refers to Paul and Barnabas. AT: "Others exercised ... you, so you know without me telling you that we have this right even more." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## this right ## +# If others exercised this right -The right Paul is referring to is the right to expect the believers at Corinth to provide for Paul's living expenses since he was the one who ministered the gospel to them first. +Paul and the Corinthians both know that others exercised the right. "Since others exercised this right" -## do we not have even more? ## +# others -"we" refers to Paul and Barnabas. AT: "we have this right even more." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]; [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +other workers of the gospel -## be a hindrance to ## +# this right + +the right to have the believers at Corinth provide for the living expenses of those who told them the good news + +# be a hindrance to "be a burden to" or "stop the spread of" -## get their living from the gospel ## +# Do you not know that those who serve in the temple get their food from the temple? -"receive daily support for telling the gospel message" \ No newline at end of file +Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. AT: "I want to remind you that those who serve in the temple get their food from the temple." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do you not know that those who serve at the altar share in what is offered on the altar? + +Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. AT: "I want to remind you that those who serve at the altar get some of the foods and meat that people offer on the altar." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# get their living from the gospel + +The words "the gospel" here are a metonym for 1) the people to whom they tell the gospel, "receive their food and other things they need from those to whom they teach the good news," or 2) the result of working to tell the gospel, "receive their food and other things they need because they work to tell the good news." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/15.md b/1co/09/15.md index 6ee1b0d935..f4474e1465 100644 --- a/1co/09/15.md +++ b/1co/09/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## these rights ## +# these rights -AT: "these benefits" or "these things that are deserved" +"these things that I deserve" -## so something might be done for me ## +# so something might be done for me -AT: "to get something from you" or "so you will provide daily support to me." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so you will do something for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## deprive ## +# deprive me of this boast -AT: "take away" or "withhold" +"take away this opportunity I have to boast" -## I must do this ## +# I must do this "I must preach the gospel" -## woe be to me if ## +# woe be to me if -AT: "may I suffer misfortune if" \ No newline at end of file +"may I suffer misfortune if" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/17.md b/1co/09/17.md index 867a9c2156..bae1f6560c 100644 --- a/1co/09/17.md +++ b/1co/09/17.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## if I do this willingly ## +# if I do this willingly "if I preach willingly" -## willingly ## +# But if not willingly -AT: "gladly" or "freely" +The words "I do this" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "But if I do this unwillingly" or "But if I do this even though I do not want to" or "But if I do this because I was forced to do it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## I still have a responsibility that was entrusted to me. ## +# willingly -AT: "I must do this work that God trusted me to complete." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"gladly" or "because I want to" -## What then is my reward? ## +# I still have a responsibility that was entrusted to me -AT: "This is my reward." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I must do this work that God trusted me to complete" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## That when I preach, I may offer the gospel without charge and so not take full use of my right in the gospel. ## +# What then is my reward? -AT: "My reward for preaching is that I can preach without obligation." +Paul is preparing them for the new information he is going to give them. AT: "This is my reward." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## offer the gospel ## +# That when I preach, I may offer the gospel without charge -AT: "preach the gospel" +"My reward for preaching is that I can preach without receiving payment" -## take full use of my right in the gospel ## +# offer the gospel -AT: "ask people to support me as I travel and preach" \ No newline at end of file +"preach the gospel" + +# so not take full use of my right in the gospel + +"so not ask people to support me as I travel and preach" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/19.md b/1co/09/19.md index a2d3ef63a0..0b4cf4107b 100644 --- a/1co/09/19.md +++ b/1co/09/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## win more ## +# win more "persuade others to believe" or "help others trust in Christ" -## I became like a Jew ## +# I became like a Jew -AT: "I acted like a Jew" or "I practiced Jewish customs" +"I acted like a Jew" or "I practiced Jewish customs" -## living under the Law ## +# I became like one under the law -AT: "committed to following the demands of the Jewish leadership, accepting their understanding of the Jewish Scriptures." \ No newline at end of file +"I became like one committed to following the demands of the Jewish leadership, accepting their understanding of the Jewish scriptures" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/21.md b/1co/09/21.md index 3a60f6cf9c..a8b385b500 100644 --- a/1co/09/21.md +++ b/1co/09/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## outside the Law ## +# outside the law -These people do not obey the laws of Moses. These are the gentile nations. AT: "beyond the control of the Jewish Law" \ No newline at end of file +"who do not obey the laws of Moses" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/24.md b/1co/09/24.md index 8b420f1e09..f10e7b8c6c 100644 --- a/1co/09/24.md +++ b/1co/09/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Do you not know that in a race all the runners run the race, but only one receives the prize? ## +# Connecting Statement: -The expected (although unstated) response is an understanding of the facts of the question: "Yes, I know that 'Although all runners run the race, only one runner receives the prize.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul explains that he uses the liberty he has in Christ to discipline himself. -## run the race ## +# Do you not know that in a race all the runners run the race, but that only one receives the prize? -Paul compares living the Christian life and working for God to running a race and being an athlete. As in a race the Christian life and work require strict discipline on the part of the runner, and as in a race the Christian has a specific goal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. AT: "Let me remind you that although all runners run the race, only one runner receives the prize." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## run to win the prize ## +# run the race -running with commitment to success in the endeavor is compared to commitment to doing the things that God wants you to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul compares living the Christian life and working for God to running a race and being an athlete. As in a race, the Christian life and work require strict discipline on the part of the runner, and, as in a race, the Christian has a specific goal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## wreath ## +# run to win the prize -A wreath is a marker of success or completion, given by an authority over that event; the metaphor refers to the life lived honoring God, with God providing the permanent marker of salvation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul is speaking of the reward God will give his faithful people as if it were a prize given for an athletic contest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I myself might not be disqualified ## +# a wreath that is perishable ... one that is imperishable -The Passive form is rephrased to the Active form of the sentence. AT: "the judge might not disqualify me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +A wreath is a bunch of leaves twisted together. Wreaths were given as prizes to athletes who won games and races. Paul speaks of eternal life as if it were a wreath that would never dry up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I do not run without purpose or box by beating the air + +Here "running" and "boxing" are both metaphors for living the Christian life and serving God. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I know very well why I am running, and I know what I am doing when I box" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# I myself may not be disqualified + +This passive sentence can be rephrased to an active form. The judge of a race or competition is a metaphor for God. AT: "the judge will not disqualify me" or "God will not say that I have failed to obey the rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/09/intro.md b/1co/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0cc75d51c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. Many other English translations indent the line of 9:9, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +Chapters 8-10 form a single unit, answering the question: "Is it acceptable to eat meat that has been sacrificed to an idol?" In this chapter, Paul defends himself from the claim of trying to make financial gains from the church. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Earning money from the church ##### +People have accused Paul of just wanting money from the Church. Paul answers that he has a right to get money from the Church because the Old Testament taught that those who worked should get their living from their work. He and Barnabas purposefully never used this right and earned their own living. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +There are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors teach complex truths. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Contextualization ##### + +This passage is important because Paul "contextualizes" his ministry in service of the gospel to different audiences. This means that Paul makes himself and the gospel understandable without his actions hindering the gospel's reception. The translator may wish to take extra care in preserving aspects of this "contextualization" if possible. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/01.md b/1co/10/01.md index 1dfedf6659..ef87fd839b 100644 --- a/1co/10/01.md +++ b/1co/10/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## our fathers ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul is referring to the time of Moses in the book of Exodus when Israel fled through the Red Sea as the Egyptian army pursued them. "our" is Inclusive AT: "the fathers of all Jews." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Paul reminds them of the example of their ancient Jewish fathers' experiences with immorality and idolatry. -## All were baptized into Moses ## +# our fathers -AT: "all followed and were committed to Moses" +Paul is referring to the time of Moses in the book of Exodus when Israel fled through the Red Sea as the Egyptian army pursued them. The word "our" refers to himself and the Corinthians and is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## passed through the sea ## +# passed through the sea -They all crossed the Red Sea with Moses after leaving Egypt. +This sea is known by two names, the Red Sea and the Sea of Reeds. -## in the cloud ## +# passed through -by the cloud that led the Israelites during days, representing the presence of God. +"walked through" or "traveled through" -## that rock was Christ ## +# All were baptized into Moses -the "rock" represented the solid strength of Christ who was with them throughout their journey; they could depend on His protection and comfort. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"All followed and were committed to Moses" + +# in the cloud + +by the cloud that represented the presence of God and led the Israelites during the day + +# drank the same spiritual drink ... spiritual rock + +"drank the same water that God supernaturally brought out of the rock ... supernatural rock" + +# that rock was Christ + +The "rock" was a literal, physical rock, so it would be best to translate this literally. If your language cannot say that a rock "was" a person's name, treat the word "rock" as a metonym for the power of Christ that worked through the rock. AT: "it was Christ who worked through that rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/05.md b/1co/10/05.md index 647a0fca4e..cf1dcd07ed 100644 --- a/1co/10/05.md +++ b/1co/10/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## not well pleased ## +# not well pleased -"displeased" or "angry" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +"displeased" or "angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## most of them ## +# most of them the Israelite fathers -## in the wilderness ## +# their corpses were scattered about -the desert land between Egypt and Israel through which the Israelites wandered for 40 years. +"God scattered their dead bodies around" or "God killed them and scattered their bodies" -## were examples ## +# in the wilderness -a lesson or symbol, from which the Israelites could learn. - -## crave evil things ## - -Desire to do things or obtain material goods that dishonor God. \ No newline at end of file +the desert land between Egypt and Israel through which the Israelites wandered for 40 years \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/07.md b/1co/10/07.md index 0c3e85628c..42c0048589 100644 --- a/1co/10/07.md +++ b/1co/10/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## idolaters ## +# idolaters "people who worship idols" -## sat down to eat and drink ## +# sat down to eat and drink "sat down to eat a meal" -## twenty three thousand died in one day ## +# play -"God killed twenty three thousand in one day" +Paul is quoting the Jewish scriptures. His readers would have understood from this one word that the people were worshiping an idol by singing and dancing and engaging in sexual activities, not simply enjoying innocent fun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## because of it ## +# In one day, twenty-three thousand people died -AT: "because they committed those unlawful sexual acts". \ No newline at end of file +"God killed 23,000 people in one day" + +# because of it + +"because they committed those unlawful sexual acts" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/09.md b/1co/10/09.md index a8efc7817d..191b7cc86f 100644 --- a/1co/10/09.md +++ b/1co/10/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## do not grumble ## +# did and were destroyed by snakes -"to express or utter with murmuring or complaining" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "did. As a result, snakes destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and were destroyed by an angel of death ## +# grumble -AT: "an angel of death destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +complaining -## destroyed ## +# did and were destroyed by an angel of death -AT: "put an end to" or "killed." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "did. As a result, an angel of death destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/11.md b/1co/10/11.md index bbc454f2ca..1843884e28 100644 --- a/1co/10/11.md +++ b/1co/10/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## these things happened ## +# these things happened to them -Punishment resulting from evil behavior. +"God punished our ancestors" -## examples for us ## +# examples for us -"us" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here "us" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## the end of the ages ## +# They were written for our instruction + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God had Moses write them down so we would learn to do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the end of the ages "the last days" -## does not fall ## +# does not fall does not sin or reject God -## No temptation has overtaken you that is not common to all humanity ## +# No temptation has overtaken you that is not common to all humanity -AT: "The temptations that affect you are temptations which all people experience." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) +This can be stated as a positive. AT: "The temptations that affect you are temptations that all people experience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## your ability ## +# He will not let you be tempted beyond your ability -Your physical or emotional strength. \ No newline at end of file +"He will only allow you to be tempted in ways that you are strong enough to resist" + +# will not let you be tempted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will not allow anyone to tempt you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/14.md b/1co/10/14.md index 76cf224d7b..dbbe5fde57 100644 --- a/1co/10/14.md +++ b/1co/10/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## run away from idolatry ## +# Connecting Statement: -"decisively get away from worshiping idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul continues to remind them to be pure and to stay away from idolatry and immorality as he talks about communion, which represents the blood and body of Christ. -## cup of blessing ## +# run away from idolatry -Paul uses this expression to describe a cup filled with wine that used in the ritual of the Lord's supper. +Paul is speaking of the practice of worshiping idols as if it were a physical thing like a dangerous animal. AT: "do all you can to get away from worshiping idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## is it not sharing in the blood of Christ? ## +# The cup of blessing -The cup of wine that we share represent us sharing in the blood of Christ. AT: "we share in the blood of Christ" (UDB; See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is speaking of God's blessing as though it were the wine in the cup used in the ritual of the Lord's Supper. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The bread that we break, is it not sharing in the body of Christ? ## +# that we bless -AT: "we share in the body of Christ when we share bread" (UDB; See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"for which we thank God" -## sharing in ## +# is it not a sharing in the blood of Christ? + +Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they already know, that the cup of wine that we share represents us sharing in the blood of Christ. AT: "we share in the blood of Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The bread that we break, is it not a sharing in the body of Christ? + +Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they already know. AT: "We share in the body of Christ when we share bread." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a sharing in "taking part in" or "equally participating with others in" -## loaf of bread ## +# loaf of bread -a single unit of baked bread that is sliced or broken into pieces before it is eaten. \ No newline at end of file +a single unit of baked bread that is sliced or broken into pieces before it is eaten \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/18.md b/1co/10/18.md index ef9a43d119..1912bb11e9 100644 --- a/1co/10/18.md +++ b/1co/10/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## are not those who eat the sacrifices participants in the altar? ## +# Are not those who eat the sacrifices participants in the altar? -AT: "Those who eat such food as a sacrifice are worshiping at idols' altars." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they already know so that he can give them new information. AT: "those who eat the sacrifices share in the activities and the blessings of the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What am I saying then? ## +# What am I saying then? -AT: "To review what I am saying" or "This is what I mean." +Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they already know so that he can give them new information. AT: "Let me review what I am saying." or "This is what I mean." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## an idol is anything? ## +# That an idol is anything? -AT: "An idol is not something real" or "An idol is not important." +Paul wants the Corinthians to answer the question in their minds so he does not have to tell them. AT: "You know that I am not saying that an idol is something real." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## food sacrificed to an idol is anything? ## +# Or that food sacrificed to an idol is anything? -AT: "food sacrificed to an idol is not important." or "Food that has been sacrificed to an idol is meaningless." \ No newline at end of file +Paul wants the Corinthians to answer the question in their minds so he does not have to tell them. AT: "You know that I am not saying that food sacrificed to an idol is not important." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/20.md b/1co/10/20.md index ef2d78796e..68c1491663 100644 --- a/1co/10/20.md +++ b/1co/10/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## drink the cup of ## +# You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons -The act of drinking from a shared bowl provided by (someone), usually referring to the contents of the container; this is a metaphor for "sharing the same values as" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of a person drinking from the same cup as the demon as evidence that that person is a friend of the demon. AT: "It is impossible for you to be true friends with both the Lord and demons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## You cannot have fellowship at the table of the Lord and the table of demons ## +# You cannot have fellowship at the table of the Lord and the table of demons -AT: "If you worship both the Lord and demons, your worship of the Lord is not sincere." +"It is impossible for you to be truly one with the Lord's people and also with demons" -## provoke ## +# Or do we provoke the Lord to jealousy? -AT: "to anger" or "to irritate" +Paul wants the Corinthians to answer this question in their minds. AT: "You should know without me telling you that it is not right to make the Lord jealous." -## Are we stronger than he is? ## +# provoke -AT: " Are we able to fellowship with demons when God does not?" or "We are not stronger than God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +to anger or irritate + +# Are we stronger than he is? + +Paul wants the Corinthians to answer this question in their minds. AT: "You should know without me telling you that we are not stronger than God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/23.md b/1co/10/23.md index 5063b33e42..001f8dfd7a 100644 --- a/1co/10/23.md +++ b/1co/10/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## "Everything is lawful" ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul is quoting a slogan of some Corinthians. AT: 'I can do anything I desire'." +Paul again reminds them of the law of liberty and doing everything for the benefit of others. -## No one should seek his own good. Instead each one should seek the good of his neighbor ## +# Everything is lawful -Do what is good for others rather than doing what is good for yourself. +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is answering what some Corinthians might be thinking, "Some say, 'I can do anything'" or 2) Paul is actually saying what he thinks is true, "God allows me to do anything." This should be translated as in [1 Corinthians 6:12](../06/12.md). -## good ## +# not everything is beneficial -AT: "benefit" \ No newline at end of file +"some things are not beneficial" + +# not everything builds people up + +Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. See how you translated "builds up" in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). AT: "not everything strengthens people" or "some things do not strengthen people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/25.md b/1co/10/25.md index 7375dc2fc6..a4bb713837 100644 --- a/1co/10/25.md +++ b/1co/10/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## in the market ## +# you without asking questions of conscience -a meeting place for people to buy and sell things like food. - -## The earth is the Lord's, and the fullness of it ## - -The Lord made the earth and everything in it. - -## without asking questions of conscience ## - -It is better not know where the food came from for conscience sake, acknowledging that all food comes from the Lord regardless if it was offered to idols or not. \ No newline at end of file +"you. God wants you to eat the food with a clear conscience" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/28.md b/1co/10/28.md index 5fa794b033..1fc2c99984 100644 --- a/1co/10/28.md +++ b/1co/10/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Why should my freedom be judged by another person's conscience? ## +# But if someone ... the other person's conscience -AT: "My personal choices are not to be changed by what another person believes is right or wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Some translations put these words in parentheses because 1) the form of "you" here is singular, but Paul uses the plural form immediately before and after and 2) the words "For why should my freedom be judged by another's conscience?" seem to build on "eat whatever is set before you without asking questions of conscience" ([1 Corinthians 10:27](./25.md)) rather than "the other person's conscience." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## If I partake ## +# says to you ... do not eat ... informed you ... your own conscience -The "I" does not refer to Paul but was used to represent those who eat meat with thankfulness. AT: "If a person partakes," or "when a person eats" +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the words "you" and "your" and the command "do not eat" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## with gratitude ## +# For why ... conscience? If I partake ... gave thanks? -Possible meanings are 1) "with a feeling of appreciation or thankfulness to God." or 2) "with a feeling of appreciation or thankfulness to the host." +Possible meanings are 1) the word "for" refers back to [1 Corinthians 10:27](./25.md), "I am not to ask questions of conscience, so why ... conscience? If I partake ... gave thanks?" or 2) Paul is quoting what some Corinthians were thinking, "As some of you might be thinking, 'For why ... conscience? If I ... thanks?'" -## why am I vilified for that for which I gave thanks? ## +# why should my freedom be judged by another's conscience? -"why are you saying evil things about me when I was thankful for the food?". AT: "I will not permit someone else to condemn me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The speaker wants the hearer to answer the question in his mind. AT: "You should know without me telling you that no one should be able to say I am doing wrong just because that person has ideas about right and wrong that are different from mine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If I partake of the meal with gratitude, why am I being insulted for that for which I gave thanks? + +The speaker wants the hearer to answer the question in his mind. AT: "I partake of the meal with gratitude, so no one should insult me for that for which I gave thanks." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If I partake + +If Paul is not quoting what some Corinthians might be thinking, the "I" represents those who eat meat with thankfulness. "If a person partakes" or "When a person eats" + +# with gratitude + +"and thank God for it" or "and thank the person who gave it to me for it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/31.md b/1co/10/31.md index 32b9faacac..0bd1968dba 100644 --- a/1co/10/31.md +++ b/1co/10/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Give no offense to Jews or to Greeks ## +# Give no offense to Jews or to Greeks -AT: "Do not displease Jews or Greeks" or "Do not make Jews or Greeks angry" +"Do not displease Jews or Greeks" or "Do not make Jews or Greeks angry" -## please all people ## +# please all people -AT: "make all people glad" +"make all people glad" -## not seeking my own benefit ## +# I do not seek my benefit -AT: "not doing things I desired for myself" +"I do not do things I desire for myself" -## the many ## +# the many -As many people as possible. \ No newline at end of file +as many people as possible \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/10/intro.md b/1co/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3835acfa52 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. Many English translations indent the line of 10:7, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +Chapters 8-10 form a single unit, answering the question: "Is it acceptable to eat meat that has been sacrificed to an idol?" In this chapter, Paul uses the exodus as a warning to people not to sin. Then, he returns to discussing meat offered to idols, using the Lord's Supper as an example. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Exodus ##### +Paul uses the experiences of Israel leaving Egypt and roaming the desert as a warning to the believers. Although they all followed Moses, they all died on the way and none of them reached the Promised Land. Some worshiped an idol, some tested God, and some grumbled. This is a warning for Christians not to sin because temptation can be resisted because God provides a way of escape. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +##### Eating meat sacrificed to idol ##### +Paul discusses meat offered to idols. Christians are allowed to eat, but it may hurt others. So when buying meat or eating with a friend, do not ask if it has been offered to idols; but if someone tells you it has been offered to idols, don't eat it for the sake of that person. Do not offend anyone but seek to save them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/01.md b/1co/11/01.md index 698f53d5bd..74666a1e83 100644 --- a/1co/11/01.md +++ b/1co/11/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## remember ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "think of" or "consider" +After reminding them to follow him the way he follows Christ, Paul gives some specific instructs in how women and men are to live as believers. -## Now I want ## +# remember + +"think of" or "consider" + +# Now I want Possible meanings are 1) "Because of this, I want" or 2) "However, I want." -## with his head covered ## +# is the head of + +has authority over + +# a man is the head of a woman + +Possible meanings are 1) "men are to have authority over women" or 2) "the husband is to have authority over the wife" + +# with his head covered "and does so after placing a cloth or veil over his head" -## dishonors his head ## +# dishonors his head -Possible meanings are 1) "brings disgrace on himself" (UDB) or 2) "brings disgrace on Christ, who is his head." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "brings disgrace on himself" or 2) "brings disgrace on Christ, who is his head." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/05.md b/1co/11/05.md index 52a347bf16..394821e4e0 100644 --- a/1co/11/05.md +++ b/1co/11/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## with her head uncovered ## +# woman who prays ... dishonors her head -without a veil, which was worn on the top of the head, extending down past the shoulders, but leaving the face uncovered. +Possible meanings are 1) "woman who prays ... brings disgrace on herself" or 2) "wife who prays ... brings disgrace on her husband." -## dishonors her head ## +# with her head uncovered -Possible meanings are 1) “brings disgrace on herself” (UDB), or 2) “brings disgrace on her husband.” +That is, without the cloth that was worn on the top of the head and that covered the hair and shoulders. -## as if her head were shaved ## +# as if her head were shaved -As if she had removed all the hair on her head with a razor. +as if she had removed all the hair on her head with a razor -## If it is disgraceful for a woman... ## +# If it is disgraceful for a woman It was a mark of disgrace or humiliation for a woman to have her hair shaved off or cut short. -## cover her head ## +# cover her head -"place a cloth or veil over her head." \ No newline at end of file +place on her head the cloth that was worn on the top of the head and that covered the hair and shoulders \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/07.md b/1co/11/07.md index e472a6a675..11860d0b93 100644 --- a/1co/11/07.md +++ b/1co/11/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## should not have his head covered ## +# should not have his head covered -AT: “must not place a veil over his head.” +This can be stated in active form. AT: Possible meanings are 1) "must not cover his head" or 2) "does not need to cover his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## glory of the man ## +# glory of the man Just as man reflects God's greatness, the woman reflects the man's character. -## For man was not made from the woman, but the woman from the man ## +# For man was not made from woman. Instead, woman was made from man -At creation, God removed a bone from the side of the man to create the woman. \ No newline at end of file +God made the woman by taking a bone from the man and making the woman from that bone. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God did not make the man from the woman. Instead, he made the woman from the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/09.md b/1co/11/09.md index cba7851093..73ef66e4fe 100644 --- a/1co/11/09.md +++ b/1co/11/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## have a symbol of authority on her head ## +# For neither ... for man -Possible meanings are 1) "to symbolize that that she has man as her head" or 2) "to symbolize that she has the authority to pray or prophesy." \ No newline at end of file +These words and all of [1 Corinthians 11:8](./07.md) could be put in parentheses so that the reader can see that the word "this" in "this is why ... the angels" clearly refers back to the words "the woman is the glory of the man" in [1 Corinthians 11:7](./07.md). + +# have a symbol of authority on her head + +Possible meanings are 1) "to symbolize that she has man as her head" or 2) "to symbolize that she has the authority to pray or prophesy." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/11.md b/1co/11/11.md index bace93f015..cfe051264f 100644 --- a/1co/11/11.md +++ b/1co/11/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## in the Lord ## +# Nevertheless -Possibilities are 1) "among Christians, who belong to the Lord" or 2) "in the world as created by God." +"While what I have just said is all true, the most important thing is this:" -## And all things are from God ## +# in the Lord -AT: "God created everything." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "among Christians, who belong to the Lord" or 2) "in the world as created by God." + +# the woman is not independent from the man, nor is the man independent from the woman + +This can be stated positively. AT: "the woman depends on the man, and the man depends on the woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# all things come from God + +"God created everything" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/13.md b/1co/11/13.md index f48be6bf00..139b689349 100644 --- a/1co/11/13.md +++ b/1co/11/13.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## judge for yourselves ## +# Judge for yourselves -AT: "judge this issue according to the local customs and church practices you know." +"Judge this issue according to the local customs and church practices you know" -## Is it proper for a woman to pray to God with her head uncovered ## +# Is it proper for a woman to pray to God with her head uncovered? -“To honor God, a woman should pray to God with a veil covering her head.” (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]; see Active/Passive) +Paul expects the Corinthians to agree with him. This can be stated in active form. "To honor God, a woman should pray to God with a covering on her head." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Is it ## +# Does not even nature itself teach you ... for him? -an idiom in which "it" refers to the remaining content of the sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Paul expects the Corinthians to agree with him. AT: "Nature itself even teaches you ... for him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Does not even nature itself teach you ## +# Does not even nature itself teach you ... for him? -AT: "Nature itself teach you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +He is speaking of the way people in society normally act as if it were a person who teaches. AT: "You know just from looking at the way people normally act ... for him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## nature itself ## +# For her hair has been given to her -This refers to the way society is ordered. AT: "the things that you know to be true in the world" or "the common view of society" - -## For her hair is given to her ## - -"For God created woman with hair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## argue ## - -"verbally disagree" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For God created woman with hair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/17.md b/1co/11/17.md index 5a3f7feedc..78889f617c 100644 --- a/1co/11/17.md +++ b/1co/11/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## instructions ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "directions" or "policies" +As Paul talks about communion, the Lord's supper, he reminds them to have right attitudes as well as unity. He reminds them that if they fail in those things when taking communion, they will become sick and die, as has already happened to some of them. -## come together ## +# in the following instructions, I do not praise you. For when -AT: "gather together" +Another possible meaning is "as I give you these instructions, there is something for which I cannot praise you: when" -## there are divisions ## +# instructions -There are different groups, some are noteworthy (possibly rich) and others are not (possibly poor or slaves). +"directions" or "policies" -## so that those who are approved may be recognized among you. ## +# come together -Possible meanings are 1) "so that people will know the most highly regarded believers among you", or 2) "so that people can display this approval to the others among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +"gather together" or "meet" -## approved ## +# it is not for the better but for the worse -accepted by an authority, which in this case is the local church body. \ No newline at end of file +"you do not help each other; instead, you harm each other" + +# in the church + +"as believers." Paul is not talking about being inside a building. + +# there are divisions among you + +"you divide yourselves into opposing groups" + +# For there must also be factions among you + +Possible meanings 1) The word "must" indicates that that this situation is likely to happen. AT: "For there will probably be factions among you" or 2) Paul was using irony to shame them for having factions. AT: "For you seem to think that there must be factions among you" or "For you seem to think that you must divide yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# factions + +opposing groups of people + +# so that those who are approved may be recognized among you + +Possible meanings are 1) "so that people will know the most highly regarded believers among you" or 2) "so that people can display this approval to the others among you." Paul may have been using irony, saying the opposite of what he wanted the Corinthians to understand, to shame them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# who are approved + +Possible meanings are 1) "whom God approves" or 2) "whom you, the church, approve." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/20.md b/1co/11/20.md index 4b1871e3d9..e16e115b39 100644 --- a/1co/11/20.md +++ b/1co/11/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## it is not the Lord’s Supper that you eat ## - -AT: "you may believe you are recreating the Lord's Supper, but you do not treat it with the respect required" - -## come together ## +# come together "gather together" -## to eat and to drink in ## +# it is not the Lord's Supper that you eat -AT: "in which to gather for a meal" +"you may believe you are eating the Lord's Supper, but you do not treat it with respect" -## despise ## +# to eat and to drink in -to hate or treat with dishonor and disrespect. +"in which to gather for a meal" -## humiliate those ## +# despise -This means to belittle or embarrass another in the presence of a church gathering. \ No newline at end of file +hate or treat with dishonor and disrespect + +# humiliate + +embarrass or cause to feel shame + +# What should I say to you? Should I praise you? + +Paul is rebuking the Corinthians. AT: "I can say nothing good about this. I cannot praise you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/23.md b/1co/11/23.md index c9ca5f6e5e..70e32ffd18 100644 --- a/1co/11/23.md +++ b/1co/11/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you ## +# For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you, that the Lord -AT: "For the Lord gave me information, and I gave it to you." +"For it was from the Lord that I heard what I told you, and it was this: the Lord" -## on the night when he was betrayed ## +# on the night when he was betrayed -AT: "on the night that Judas Iscariot betrayed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "on the night that Judas Iscariot betrayed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## took bread, and after he had given thanks, he broke it ## +# he broke it -AT: "Jesus placed bread in his hand, thanked God for it, and, while holding the bread, pulled smaller pieces of bread from it." +"he pulled pieces from it" -## This is my body ## +# This is my body -AT: "The bread I am holding is my body". \ No newline at end of file +"The bread I am holding is my body" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/25.md b/1co/11/25.md index d7af21bb0a..5a334a638b 100644 --- a/1co/11/25.md +++ b/1co/11/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## he took the cup ## +# the cup -AT: "he picked up a cup containing wine". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +It is best to translate this literally. The Corinthians knew which cup he took, so it is not simply "a cup" or "some cup" or "any cup." Possible meanings are that it was 1) the cup of wine that one would expect him to use or 2) the third or fourth of the four cups of wine that the Jews drank at the Passover meal. -## Do this as often as you drink it, ## +# Do this as often as you drink it -"Drink from this cup, and as often as you drink from it," +"Drink from this cup, and as often as you drink from it" -## you proclaim the Lord's death ## +# proclaim the Lord's death -"you are teaching about the reality of the Lord's death." The reference to Jesus' death refers more generally to his crucifixion and resurrection. +teach about the crucifixion and resurrection -## until he comes ## +# until he comes -AT: "until Jesus comes back to the earth." \ No newline at end of file +Where Jesus comes to can be made explicit. AT: "until Jesus comes back to the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/27.md b/1co/11/27.md index b731b79805..ccf3af1719 100644 --- a/1co/11/27.md +++ b/1co/11/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## eats the bread or drink the cup of the Lord ## +# eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord -AT: "participates in the celebration of the Lord's Supper." +"eats the bread of the Lord or drinks the cup of the Lord" -## examine ## +# examine -"consider" or "test" +Paul speaks of a person looking at his relationship to God and how he has been living his life as if that person is looking over something he wants to buy. See how "test the quality" is translated in [1 Corinthians 3:13](../03/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## without discerning the body ## +# without discerning the body -Possible meanings are 1) "and does not recognize that the church is the body of the Lord" or 2) "and does not consider that he is handling the Lord's body" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "and does not recognize that the church is the body of the Lord" or 2) "and does not consider that he is handling the Lord's body." + +# weak and ill + +These words mean almost the same thing and can be combined, as in UDB. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/31.md b/1co/11/31.md index fcc86ae5c1..9fd5f8c9fa 100644 --- a/1co/11/31.md +++ b/1co/11/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## we examine ourselves ## +# examine -"we take a close look to evaluate our own behavior and actions" \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of a person looking at his relationship to God and how he has been living his life as if that person is looking over something he wants to buy. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 11:28](./27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we will not be judged + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not judge us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we are judged by the Lord, we are disciplined, so that we may not be condemned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Lord judges us, he disciplines us, so that he will not condemn us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/33.md b/1co/11/33.md index 5d7239bc8c..11e3f19681 100644 --- a/1co/11/33.md +++ b/1co/11/33.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## come together to eat ## +# come together to eat -gather to eat a meal together before celebrating the Lord's Supper. +gather to eat a meal together before celebrating the Lord's Supper -## wait for one another ## +# wait for one another -"allow the others to arrive before beginning the meal." +"allow the others to arrive before beginning the meal" -## let him eat at home ## +# let him eat at home -AT: "let him eat before attending this gathering" +"let him eat before attending this gathering" -## it will not be for judgment ## +# it will not be for judgment -AT: "the gathering should not produce judgment due to lack of self control." - -## And about the other things you wrote ## - -"you wrote" is making explicit that Paul was addressing questions and concerns about which the Corinth believers had written to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"it will not be an occasion for God to discipline you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/11/intro.md b/1co/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..198e5b8caa --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the beginning of a new section of the letter (Chapters 11-14). Paul now talks about proper church services. In this chapter, he deals with two different problems: women in the church services (11:1-16) and the Lord's Supper (11:17-34). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Proper conduct in a church service ##### + +##### Disorderly women ##### + +Paul's instructions here are debated among scholars. It is probable that there were women who were abusing the freedom they had in Christ and were causing disorder in the church by going against established cultural customs. The actions themselves were not Paul's concern, the disorder their actions created caused him to be concerned. + +##### The Lord's Supper ##### +There were problems in how the Corinthians were handling the Lord's Supper. They did not act in a unified manner. During the feast celebrated along with the Lord's Supper, some ate their own food without sharing, and some got drunk while the poor remained hungry. Paul taught that the believers dishonored Christ's death if they participated in the Lord's Supper while at the same time, they were practicing sin or were in broken relationships with each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +Paul uses rhetorical questions to scold the people for their unwillingness to follow the rules for worship he has suggested. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +##### The head ##### + +He uses "the head" in reference to a person's actual head and as a metonym for a leader. Since they are so close together, the author likely intentionally used these terms to play on each other. This is called a pun, or a play on words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/01.md b/1co/12/01.md index bb783fe7a0..28b79898ff 100644 --- a/1co/12/01.md +++ b/1co/12/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## I do not want you to be uninformed ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "I want you to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Paul lets them know that God has given special gifts to believers. These gifts are to help the body of believers. -## you were led astray to voiceless idols ## +# I do not want you to be uninformed -AT: "other people influenced you to worship voiceless idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated as a positive. AT: "I want you to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## you were led by them ## +# you were led astray to idols who could not speak -AT: "they led you" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you believed lies and you worshiped idols who could not speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## no one who speaks by the Spirit of God can say ## +# in whatever ways you were led by them -Possible meanings are 1) "no Christian who has the Spirit of God in him, can say," or 2) "no one who is prophesying by the power of the Spirit of God can say." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and they led you in many ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# no one who speaks by the Spirit of God can say + +Possible meanings are 1) "no Christian who has the Spirit of God in him can say" or 2) "no one who is prophesying by the power of the Spirit of God can say." + +# Jesus is accursed + +"God will punish Jesus" or "God will make Jesus suffer" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/04.md b/1co/12/04.md index c3eb9e483e..7b02157f90 100644 --- a/1co/12/04.md +++ b/1co/12/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## them all ## +# makes them possible in everyone -This refers to all the "different works" that Christians do. \ No newline at end of file +"causes everyone to have them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/07.md b/1co/12/07.md index 4a71faaec8..4a4a13ef76 100644 --- a/1co/12/07.md +++ b/1co/12/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## to each one is given ## +# to each one is given -AT: "God gives to each one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. God is the one who does the giving ([1 Corinthians 12:6](./04.md)). AT: "God gives to each one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to one is given by the Spirit the word + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "by means of the Spirit God gives to one person the word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the Spirit + +God gives the gifts through the work of the Spirit. + +# wisdom ... knowledge + +The difference between these two words is not as important here as the fact that God gives them both by the same Spirit. + +# the word of wisdom + +Paul is communicating one idea through two words. AT: "wise words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# the word of knowledge + +Paul is communicating one idea through two words. AT: "words that show knowldge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/09.md b/1co/12/09.md index d50e5de77b..21281b39a4 100644 --- a/1co/12/09.md +++ b/1co/12/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## various kinds of tongues ## +# is given -This phrase refers to speaking different languages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 12:8](./07.md). AT: "God gives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the interpretation of tongues ## +# to another gifts of healing by the one Spirit -"the ability to interpret tongues" \ No newline at end of file +The words "are given" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "to another gifts of healing by the one Spirit are given" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to another prophecy + +The phrase "is given by the same Spirit" is understood from the previous phrases. AT: "to another prophecy is given by the same Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to another various kinds of tongues + +The phrase "are given by the same Spirit" is understood from the previous phrases. AT: "to another various kinds of tongues are given by the same Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# various kinds of tongues + +Here "tongues" represents languages. AT: "the ability to speak different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to another the interpretation of tongues + +The phrase "is given by the same Spirit" is understood from the previous phrases. AT: "to another the interpretation of tongues is given by the same Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the interpretation of tongues + +This is the ability to listen to what someone says in one language and use another language to tell people what that person is saying. AT: "the ability to interpret what is said in other languages" + +# one and the same Spirit + +God gives the gifts through the work of the one and only Holy Spirit. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 12:8](./07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/12.md b/1co/12/12.md index 1f1e6f4cbb..8bc064a202 100644 --- a/1co/12/12.md +++ b/1co/12/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## we were all baptized ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "the Holy Spirit baptized us all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Paul continues to talk of the variety of gifts God gives believers, God gives different gifts to different believers, but Paul wants them to know that all believers are made into one body, which is called the body of Christ. For this reason believers should have unity. -## all were made to drink of one Spirit ## +# For by one Spirit we were all baptized -AT: "God gave all of us the same Spirit, and we share the Spirit as people might share a drink." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the Holy Spirit is the one who baptizes us, "For one Spirit baptized us" or 2) that the Spirit, like the water of baptism, is the medium through which we are baptized into the body, "For in one Spirit we were all baptized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all were made to drink of one Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave all of us the same Spirit, and we share the Spirit as people might share a drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/14.md b/1co/12/14.md index 7333156ccf..4d7638398c 100644 --- a/1co/12/14.md +++ b/1co/12/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## where would the sense of hearing be?...where would the sense of smell be? ## +# where would the sense of hearing be? ... where would the sense of smell be? -AT: "you could not hear anything...you could not smell anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be made a statement. AT: "you could not hear anything ... you could not smell anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/18.md b/1co/12/18.md index 4ccd856653..715b9a52d1 100644 --- a/1co/12/18.md +++ b/1co/12/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## all the same member ## +# the same member -As in if each part were a foot, then there would be no arm, hand, leg, chest, or head which is needed to constitute a body. We would all be a foot but not a body. +The word "member" is a general word for the parts of the body, like the head, arm, or knee. AT: "the same part of the body" -## where would the body be? ## +# where would the body be? -AT: "there would be no body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## So now they are many members, but ## - -AT: "They are many members, therefore, but" \ No newline at end of file +This can be made a statement. AT: "there would be no body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/21.md b/1co/12/21.md index 8e7f4357fd..f8bbdc5b71 100644 --- a/1co/12/21.md +++ b/1co/12/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## appear to be less honorable ## +# I have no need of you -"appear to be inferior" +"I do not need you" -## unpresentable ## +# less honorable -This probably refers to the private parts of the body, which people keep covered up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"less important" + +# our unpresentable members + +This probably refers to the private parts of the body, which people keep covered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/25.md b/1co/12/25.md index 98a016e255..5905abbc55 100644 --- a/1co/12/25.md +++ b/1co/12/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## there may be no division within the body, but ## +# there may be no division within the body, but -AT: "the body may be unified, and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +"the body may be unified, and" -## one member is honored ## +# one member is honored -AT: "one member receives honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone gives honor to one member" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Now you are... ## +# Now you are -Here, "Now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/28.md b/1co/12/28.md index 135c3e596e..9a9e34ba9b 100644 --- a/1co/12/28.md +++ b/1co/12/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## first apostles ## +# first apostles -Possible meanings are 1) "the first I will mention is apostles", or 2) "the gift that is first in importance is apostles". +Possible meanings are 1) "the first gift I will mention is apostles" or 2) "the most important gift is apostles." -## those who provide helps ## +# those who provide helps -AT: "Those who provide help to other believers." +"those who provide help to other believers" -## Those who do work of administration ## +# those who do the work of administration -AT: "Those who govern the church." +"those who govern the church" -## and those who have various kinds of tongues ## +# those who have various kinds of tongues -an individual can speak in one or more foreign languages without having studied that language. +an individual who can speak in one or more foreign languages without having studied that language -## Are all of us apostles?...Do all of us do powerful deeds? ## +# Are all of them apostles? Are all prophets? Are all teachers? Do all do powerful deeds? -AT: "Not everyone is an apostle...Only some do powerful deeds" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul is reminding his readers of what they already know. AT: "Only some of them are apostles. Only some of them are prophets. Only some of them are teachers. Only some of them do powerful deeds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/30.md b/1co/12/30.md index 9e351d2f22..6bca9e6745 100644 --- a/1co/12/30.md +++ b/1co/12/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Do all of us have gifts of healings? ## +# Do all of them have gifts of healing? -AT: "Not all of us have gifts of healings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be a statement. AT: "Not all of them have gifts of healing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Zealously seek the greater gifts. ## +# Do all of them speak with tongues? -Possible meanings are 1) "You must eagerly seek from God the gifts that best help the church" or 2) "You are eagerly looking for gifts which you think are greater, because you think they are more exciting to have." \ No newline at end of file +This can be a statement. AT: "Not all of them speak with tongues." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do all of them interpret tongues? + +This can be a statement. AT: "Not all of them interpret tongues." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# interpret + +This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/12.md). + +# Zealously seek the greater gifts. + +Possible meanings are 1) "You must eagerly seek from God the gifts that best help the church." or 2) "You are eagerly looking for gifts that you think are greater because you think they are more exciting to have." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/12/intro.md b/1co/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2ba9622884 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Gifts of the Holy Spirit ##### + +This chapter begins a new section. Chapters 12-14 discuss the use of the spiritual gifts within the church. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The Church, the body of Christ ##### + +This is an important metaphor in Scripture. The Church has many different parts, each with different functions. They combine to make one church. All of the different parts are necessary. Each part is to have concern for all the other parts, even those that seem less important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "No one can say, 'Jesus is Lord,' except by the Holy Spirit." ##### +In reading the Old Testament, the Jews would have substituted the word "Lord" for the word "Yahweh." This probably means that no one can say that Jesus is Yahweh, God in the flesh, without the Holy Spirit's influence drawing them to accept this truth. If this statement is translated poorly, it can have unintended theological consequences. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/13/01.md b/1co/13/01.md index 4263c30c66..1ea41f8613 100644 --- a/1co/13/01.md +++ b/1co/13/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## the tongues of angels ## +# Connecting Statement: -Possible meanings are 1) Paul is exaggerating for the sake of effect and does not believe that people speak the language that angels use (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]), or 2) Paul thinks that some who speak in tongues actually speak the language that angels use. +Having just talked about the gifts that God gave to believers, Paul emphasizes what is more important. -## I have become a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal. ## +# the tongues of ... angels -I have become like instruments that make loud, annoying sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is exaggerating for the sake of effect and does not believe that people speak the language that angels use or 2) Paul thinks that some who speak in tongues actually speak the language that angels use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## to be burned ## +# I have become a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal -The oldest manuscripts read "so that I could boast." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-manuscripts]]) \ No newline at end of file +I have become like instruments that make loud, annoying sounds (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# gong + +a large, thin, round metal plate that is hit with a padded stick to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# a clanging cymbal + +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# I give my body to be burned + +The phrase "to be burned" can be made active. AT: "I allow those who persecute me to burn me to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/13/04.md b/1co/13/04.md index aa17bff9c0..0893449794 100644 --- a/1co/13/04.md +++ b/1co/13/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Love is patient and kind ## +# Love is patient and kind ... endures all things -Here Paul speaks about love as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Paul speaks about love as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# It is not easily angered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will be able to make it angry quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It does not rejoice in unrighteousness. Instead, it rejoices in the truth + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "It rejoices only in righteousness and truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/13/11.md b/1co/13/11.md index ccceccf6a1..39dca4a60b 100644 --- a/1co/13/11.md +++ b/1co/13/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## For now we see in a mirror, as in a dark image ## +# For now we see indirectly in a mirror -This refers to mirrors in the first century, which were made of polished metal rather than glass, and provided a dim, vague reflection. +Mirrors in Paul's day were made of polished metal rather than glass and provided a dim, vague reflection. -## face to face ## +# now we see -This means that we will be physically present with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "now we see Christ" or 2) "now we see God." -## just as I have been fully known ## +# but then face to face -AT: "just as Christ has known me fully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"but then we will see Christ face to face" This means that we will be physically present with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I will know fully + +The word "Christ" is understood. AT: "I will know Christ fully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# just as I have been fully known + +This can be stated as active. AT: "just as Christ has known me fully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# faith, future confidence, and love + +These abstract nouns can be expressed in phrases with verbs. AT: "we must trust the Lord, be confident that he will do what he has promised, and love him and others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/13/intro.md b/1co/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d4a3678e47 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +While it appears that Paul interrupts his discussion of spiritual gifts, this chapter's contents probably serve a larger function in his teaching on the use of spiritual gifts. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Love ##### + +Love is the most important characteristic of the believer. This chapter gives a full description of love and why love is more important than the gifts of the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +There are many different metaphors in this chapter. Paul uses these metaphors to instruct the Corinthians, especially on difficult topics. Spiritual discernment is often needed to understand these teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/01.md b/1co/14/01.md index dc58e575d3..032a18816b 100644 --- a/1co/14/01.md +++ b/1co/14/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## pursue love ## +# Connecting Statement: -"follow after love" or "follow the way of love" +Paul wants them to know that though teaching is more important because it instructs people, it must be done with love. -## especially that you may prophesy ## +# Pursue love -Paul continues to make an argument for why prophesy is better than one who speaks in tongues to God. \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of love as if it were a person. "Follow after love" or "Work hard to love people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# especially that you may prophesy + +"and work especially hard to be able to prophesy" + +# to build them up + +Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. See how you translated "builds up" in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). AT: "to strengthen them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# builds up + +Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. See how you translated "builds up" in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). AT: "strengthens people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/05.md b/1co/14/05.md index b9abede504..dab826851d 100644 --- a/1co/14/05.md +++ b/1co/14/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## The one who prophesies is greater ## +# The one who prophesies is greater -Paul is emphasizing that the gift of prophecy is greater than the gift of speaking in tongues. AT: "The one who prophesies has a greater gift." +Paul is emphasizing that the gift of prophecy is greater than the gift of speaking in tongues. AT: "The one who prophesies has a greater gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## how will I benefit you ## +# interprets -AT: "I will not benefit you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/12.md). + +# how will I benefit you? + +This can be a statement. AT: "I will not benefit you." or "I will not have done anything that helps you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/07.md b/1co/14/07.md index deffcd697d..7e200e19b8 100644 --- a/1co/14/07.md +++ b/1co/14/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## how will anyone know which instrument is being played? ## +# they do not produce different tones -AT: "no one would be able to tell which instrument I was playing" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to sounds of different pitch that make up the melody, not to the difference between a flute sound and a harp sound. + +# how will anyone know what tune the flute or harp is playing? + +Paul wants the Corinthians to answer this themselves. AT: "no one will know what tune the flute or harp is playing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# tune + +"melody" or "song" + +# how will anyone know when it is time to prepare for battle? + +Paul wants the Corinthians to answer this themselves. AT: "no one would know when it is time to prepare for battle." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/10.md b/1co/14/10.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d1de77101a --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/14/10.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# none is without meaning + +This can be stated as a positive. AT: "they all have meaning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/12.md b/1co/14/12.md index 5322f5e1cd..d45816a990 100644 --- a/1co/14/12.md +++ b/1co/14/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the manifestations of the Spirit ## +# the manifestations of the Spirit -This phrase refers to the spiritual gifts. +"being able to do things that show that the Spirit controls you" -## my mind is unfruitful ## +# try to excel in the gifts that build up the church -This means that I do not understand the words I am saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of the church as if it were a house that one could build and of the work of building the church as if it were something one could harvest. AT: "to succeed greatly in making God's people more able to serve God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# interpret + +This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/12.md). + +# my mind is unfruitful + +The mind not understanding what is being prayed and, therefore, receiving no benefit from the prayer is spoken of as if the "mind is unfruitful." AT: "I do not understand it in my mind" or "my mind does not benefit from the prayer, because I do not understand the words I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/15.md b/1co/14/15.md index 25955d944c..bdb6bde682 100644 --- a/1co/14/15.md +++ b/1co/14/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## What am I to do? ## +# What am I to do? -AT: "This is what I will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is introducing his conclusion. AT: "This is what I will do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## pray with my spirit...sing with my mind ## +# pray with my spirit ... pray with my mind ... sing with my spirit ... sing with my mind -This refers to praying or praising in tongues. +Prayers and songs must be in a language that the people present can understand. -## with my mind ## +# with my mind -This means with words that I understand. +"with words that I understand" -## you praise God...you are giving thanks...you are saying ## +# you praise God ... you are giving thanks ... you are saying -Though "you" is singular in this instance, Paul is addressing everyone who prays only in the spirit, but not with the mind. +Though "you" is singular here, Paul is addressing everyone who prays only in the spirit, but not with the mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## the outsider ## +# how will the outsider say "Amen" ... saying? -AT: "another person" \ No newline at end of file +This can be a statement. AT: "the outsider will never be able to say 'Amen' ... saying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the outsider + +Possible meanings are 1) "another person" or 2) "people who are new to your group." + +# say "Amen" + +"be able to agree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/17.md b/1co/14/17.md index d6c3e3149d..0f9855549c 100644 --- a/1co/14/17.md +++ b/1co/14/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## in the church ## +# you certainly give -This refers to a meeting of the church. AT: "in a church meeting" +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## ten thousand words ## +# the other person is not built up -AT: "10,000 words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated "builds up" in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). AT: "the other person is not strengthened" or "what you say does not strengthen any outsider who might hear you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# than ten thousand words in a tongue + +Paul was not counting words, but used exaggeration to emphasize that a few understandable words are far more valuable than even a great number of words in a language that people cannot understand. AT: "10,000 words" or "a great many words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/20.md b/1co/14/20.md index c1d8885ae7..67f646d71d 100644 --- a/1co/14/20.md +++ b/1co/14/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## By men of strange tongues and by the lips of strangers ## +# General Information: -These two clauses mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul tells them that speaking in different languages was told ahead of time by the prophet Isaiah many years before this speaking in other languages happened at the start of Christ's church. + +# do not be children in your thinking + +Here "children" is a metaphor for being spiritually immature. AT: "do not think like children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In the law it is written, + +This can be stated in active form: AT: "The prophet wrote these words in the law:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# By men of strange tongues and by the lips of strangers + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/22.md b/1co/14/22.md index 6d5981a343..a93608a261 100644 --- a/1co/14/22.md +++ b/1co/14/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## would they not say that you are insane? ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "they would say that you are insane." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul gives specific instructions on an orderly way to use gifts in the church. + +# not for unbelievers, but for believers + +This can be expressed positively and combined with the other positive statement. AT: "only for believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# would they not say that you are insane? + +This can be a statement. AT: "they would say that you are insane." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/24.md b/1co/14/24.md index ba17d1be42..affe6727ca 100644 --- a/1co/14/24.md +++ b/1co/14/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## he would be convicted by all he hears, he would be judged by all that is said ## +# he would be convicted by all he hears. He would be judged by all that is said -Paul said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Paul says basically the same thing twice for emphasis. AT: "he would realize that he is guilty of sin because he hears what you are saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the secrets of his heart would be revealed ## +# The secrets of his heart would be revealed -AT: "God would reveal the secrets of his heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God would reveal to him the secrets of his heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/26.md b/1co/14/26.md index 9d0fafc414..7dd1df4118 100644 --- a/1co/14/26.md +++ b/1co/14/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## interpret what is said ## +# What is next then, brothers? -AT: "interpret what they said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul uses a question to introduce the next part of his message. AT: "Because everything I have just told you is true, this is what you need to do, my fellow believers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# interpret what is said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "interpret what they said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# interpretation ... interpret + +This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how "interpret" is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/29.md b/1co/14/29.md index ba1626e130..07bc061bfb 100644 --- a/1co/14/29.md +++ b/1co/14/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Let two or three prophets speak ## +# Let two or three prophets speak -Possible meanings are 1) only two or three prophets speak at a service or 2) only two or three prophets speak at once. +Possible meanings are 1) only two or three prophets speak at any one meeting or 2) only two or three prophets take turns speaking at any one time. -## to what is said ## +# to what is said -AT: "to what they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to what they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## if an insight is given ## +# if an insight is given to one -If God gives a revelation or word of knowledge to one sitting regarding the prophet's words. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if God gives someone insight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/31.md b/1co/14/31.md index 8388e63905..aa362b2ae6 100644 --- a/1co/14/31.md +++ b/1co/14/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## prophesy one by one ## +# prophesy one by one -only one person should prophesy at a time. +Only one person should prophesy at a time. -## all may be encouraged ## +# all may be encouraged -AT: "you may encourage all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you may encourage all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## God of confusion ## +# God is not a God of confusion -That is, God does not create confusing situations by making people all speak at the same time. \ No newline at end of file +God does not create confusing situations by making people all speak at the same time. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/34.md b/1co/14/34.md index caba820697..bcf655ec64 100644 --- a/1co/14/34.md +++ b/1co/14/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## keep silent ## +# keep silent Possible meanings are 1) stop speaking, 2) stop speaking when someone is prophesying, or 3) be absolutely silent during the church service. -## Did the word of God come from you? Are you the only ones it has reached? ## +# Did the word of God come from you? Are you the only ones it has reached? -Paul emphasizes that the Corinthians are not the only ones who understand what God wants Christians to do. AT: "The word of God did not come from you in Corinth; you are not the only people who understand God's will." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## come from you ## - -The word "you" is plural and refers to the Corinthian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul emphasizes that the Corinthians are not the only ones who understand what God wants Christians to do. AT: "The word of God did not come from you in Corinth; you are not the only people who understand God's will." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/37.md b/1co/14/37.md index b521ca3b68..29b473c3da 100644 --- a/1co/14/37.md +++ b/1co/14/37.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## he should acknowledge ... ## +# he should acknowledge -Paul establishes a test for true and false prophets based on the person's acceptance of his writings. +A true prophet or truly spiritual person will accept Paul's writings as coming from the Lord. -## let him not be recognized ## +# let him not be recognized -AT: "let others not recognize him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you should not recognize him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/39.md b/1co/14/39.md index 7f27c8acf1..8a8b854992 100644 --- a/1co/14/39.md +++ b/1co/14/39.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## do not forbid anyone from speaking in tongues ## +# do not forbid anyone from speaking in tongues Paul makes it clear that speaking in tongues at a church gathering is permissible and acceptable. -## But let all things be done decently and in order ## +# But let all things be done properly and in order -Paul is stressing that church gatherings should be held in an orderly manner. AT: "But do all things decently and in order" or "But do everything in an orderly, appropriate way." \ No newline at end of file +Paul is stressing that church gatherings should be held in an orderly manner. AT: "But do all things properly and in order" or "But do everything in an orderly, appropriate way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/14/intro.md b/1co/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..439f77aa90 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 14:21, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +Paul returns to his discussion on the gifts of the Holy Spirit. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Tongues ##### + +The gift of tongues is described as an inferior gift because it primarily serves an individual or a few people within the church; it does not serve the church as a whole. It is also very important that this gift be used in the proper way. The use of tongues is also described as a sign for unbelievers. The exact meaning of this phrase is debated among scholars. + +##### Prophecy ##### + +Prophecy is described as a superior gift because it can be used in service of the entire church, unlike the gifts that are primarily helpful to an individual. Prophecy is described as a gift for believers, but the exact meaning of this phrase is debated among scholars. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/01.md b/1co/15/01.md index b76a4be3d7..4541085d56 100644 --- a/1co/15/01.md +++ b/1co/15/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## remind ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul reminds them that it is the gospel that saves them and he tells them again what the gospel is. Then he gives them a short history lesson, which ends with what will yet happen. + +# remind you "help you remember" -## firmly ## +# on which you stand -"securely" +Paul is speaking of the Corinthians as if they were a house and the gospel as if it were the foundation on which the house was standing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and by which you are being saved ## +# you are being saved -"And by which God will save you". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. "God will save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/03.md b/1co/15/03.md index 3db29a7e7f..cb13eed7b0 100644 --- a/1co/15/03.md +++ b/1co/15/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Christ died for our sins ## +# as of first importance -"Christ allowed himself to die on the cross because we sinned" +Possible meanings are 1) as the most important of many things or 2) as the first in time . -## according to the Scriptures ## +# for our sins -Paul is referring to the writings of the Old Testament. \ No newline at end of file +"to pay for our sins" or "so that God could forgive our sins" + +# according to the scriptures + +Paul is referring to the writings of the Old Testament. + +# he was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he was raised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God raised him" or "he rose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/05.md b/1co/15/05.md index 0d750bd574..6c5fc93011 100644 --- a/1co/15/05.md +++ b/1co/15/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## appeared to ## +# Connecting Statement: + +If you need for verse 5 to be a complete sentence, end [1 Corinthians 15:4](./03.md) with a comma so that verse 5 completes the sentence begun in [1 Corinthians 15:3](./03.md). + +# appeared to "showed himself to" -## five hundred ## +# five hundred -500. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +500 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/08.md b/1co/15/08.md index 3bc939c7c3..e7a9d782d4 100644 --- a/1co/15/08.md +++ b/1co/15/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Last of all ## +# Last of all -AT: "Finally, after appearing to the others" +"Finally, after he had appeared to the others" -## a child born at the wrong time ## +# a child born at the wrong time -This is an idiom referring to a person who desired to experience specific events that others had experienced at another time. Paul hadn't spent time with Jesus during his ministry on earth, as the other apostles had. AT: "someone who missed the experiences of the others." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom by which Paul may mean that he became a Christian much later than the other apostles. Or perhaps he means that, unlike the other apostles, he did not witness Jesus' three-year-long ministry. AT: "someone who missed the experiences of the others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/10.md b/1co/15/10.md index b13eb48645..235453af65 100644 --- a/1co/15/10.md +++ b/1co/15/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the grace of God I am who I am, ## +# the grace of God I am what I am God's grace or kindness has made Paul as he is now. -## was not in vain ## +# his grace in me was not in vain -Paul chose to live according to God's kindness. +Paul is emphasizing through litotes that God worked through Paul. AT: "because he was kind to me, I was able to do much good work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## grace of God that is with me ## +# the grace of God that is with me -Paul attributes his life to God's kindness toward him. \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of the work he was able to do because God was kind to him as if that grace were actually doing the work. AT: Possible meanings are 1) this is literally true, and God actually did the work and kindly used Paul as a tool or 2) Paul is using a metaphor and saying that God was kind to let Paul do the work and to make Paul's work have good results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/12.md b/1co/15/12.md index b38c4ba010..fd65afecbd 100644 --- a/1co/15/12.md +++ b/1co/15/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## how can some of you say there is no resurrection of the dead? ## +# how can some of you say there is no resurrection of the dead? -Paul's preaching on Christ rising from the dead contrary to there being no resurrection of the dead. AT: "You can not say there is no resurrection of the dead!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is using this question to begin a new topic. AT: "you should not be saying that there is no resurrection of the dead!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## if there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised ## +# if there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised To say that there is no resurrection of the dead is to say that Christ did not rise from the dead. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/15.md b/1co/15/15.md index 20bbdf1913..47e0ad0412 100644 --- a/1co/15/15.md +++ b/1co/15/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Paul continues to address the lie that Christ was not raised from the Dead. +# Connecting Statement: -## And we are found to be false witnesses about God ## +Paul wants them assured that Christ rose from the dead. -Paul is arguing that if Christ was not raised from the dead then they are bearing false witness, or lying about Christ having been raised from the dead. +# we are found to be false witnesses about God -## your faith is in vain and you are still in your sins. ## +Paul is arguing that if Christ did not rise from the dead, then they are bearing false witness or lying about Christ's coming alive again. -Paul is saying that since their faith is based on Christ rising from the dead and if that did not happen, then their faith is useless. \ No newline at end of file +# we are found to be + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everyone will realize that we are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your faith is in vain and you are still in your sins + +Their faith is based on Christ having risen from the dead, so if that did not happen, their faith will do them no good. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/18.md b/1co/15/18.md index e124cb4899..88e40c815b 100644 --- a/1co/15/18.md +++ b/1co/15/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## of all people ## +# of all people "of everyone, including believers and non-believers" -## we are most to be pitied ## +# of all people we are most to be pitied -AT: "people should feel sorry for us, more than for others" \ No newline at end of file +"people should feel sorry for us more than they do for anyone else" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/20.md b/1co/15/20.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..736fcb243f --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/15/20.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# now Christ + +"as it is, Christ" or "this is the truth: Christ" + +# Christ has been raised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has raised Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/22.md b/1co/15/22.md deleted file mode 100644 index e69de29bb2..0000000000 diff --git a/1co/15/24.md b/1co/15/24.md index 02dfcc1e36..e341219bff 100644 --- a/1co/15/24.md +++ b/1co/15/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## for he must reign ## +# General Information: -refers to Christ. +Here the words "he" and "his" refer to Christ. -## until he has put all his enemies under his feet ## +# he will abolish all rule and all authority and power -This symbolizes the fact that Christ conquered all his enemies. AT: "until God has made all of Christ's enemies bow down to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"he will stop those people who rule, who have authority, and who have power from doing what they are doing" -## destroyed ## +# until he has put all his enemies under his feet -"defeated completely" \ No newline at end of file +Kings who won wars would put their feet on the necks of those whom they had defeated. AT: "until God has completely destroyed all of Christ's enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The last enemy to be destroyed is death + +Paul speaks of death here as if it were a person whom God will kill. AT: "The final enemy that God will destroy is death itself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/27.md b/1co/15/27.md index c7805dbb58..a00a8dfdd8 100644 --- a/1co/15/27.md +++ b/1co/15/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## "he has put everything under his feet" ## +# he has put everything under his feet -The Father has placed everything under Christ's control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Kings who won wars would put their feet on the necks of those whom they had defeated. See how "put ... under his feet" is translated in [1 Corinthians 15:25](./24.md). AT: "God has completely destroyed all of Christ's enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all things are subjected to him + +This can stated as active. AT: "God has made all things subject to Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Son himself will be subjected + +This can stated as active. AT: "the Son himself will become subject" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Son himself + +In the previous verses he was referred to as "Christ." AT: "Christ, that is, the Son himself" + +# Son ... Father + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/29.md b/1co/15/29.md index 0c84091bc1..10eecfe801 100644 --- a/1co/15/29.md +++ b/1co/15/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Or else what will those do who are baptized for the dead? ## +# Or else what will those do who are baptized for the dead? -AT: "Otherwise it would be useless for Christians to receive baptism for the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses this question to teach the Corinthians. It can be stated in active form. AT: "Otherwise it would be useless for Christians to receive baptism for the dead." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## be baptized for the dead ## +# why are they baptized for them? -"receive baptism on behalf of dead people" +Paul uses this question to teach the Corinthians. It can be stated in active form. AT: "there would be no reason for them to receive baptism on behalf of dead people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## And why are we in danger every hour? ## +# Why then, are we in danger every hour? -If Jesus did not rise from the dead, then there is no justification for Paul & other christians to be in danger regarding their beliefs and teachings. \ No newline at end of file +Paul uses this question to teach the Corinthians. The reason he and others were in danger is that some people were angry that they taught that Jesus will raise people from death. AT: "If people will not rise from the dead, we gain nothing by being in danger every hour for teaching that people will rise." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/31.md b/1co/15/31.md index ee1fa24b37..6b99487db4 100644 --- a/1co/15/31.md +++ b/1co/15/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## I die daily ## +# Every day I face death! -Paul refers to denying the desires to sin. +Here "face death" represents knowing that he might die soon. He knew that some people wanted to kill him because they did not like what he was teaching.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## if I fought with beasts at Ephesus ## +# This is as sure as my boasting in you -Possible meaning are 1) Paul was speaking figuratively about his arguments with learned pagans or 2) If he was to be put into the arena to fight against dangerous animals. +Paul uses this statement as evidence that he faces death every day. AT: "You can know that this is true, because you know about my boasting in you" or "You can know that this is true, because you know about how much I boast in you" -## Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die ## +# my boasting in you, which I have in Christ Jesus our Lord -Paul concludes that if there is no further life after death, it is better for us to enjoy this life as we can for tomorrow our life will end without any further hope. \ No newline at end of file +Paul boasted in them because of what Christ Jesus had done for them. AT: "my boasting in you, which I do because of what Christ Jesus our Lord has done for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my boasting in you + +"the way I tell other people how good you are" + +# What do I gain ... if I fought with beasts at Ephesus ... not raised? + +Paul wants the Corinthians to understand without him having to tell them. This can be a statement. AT: "I gained nothing ... by fighting with beasts at Ephesus ... not raised." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I fought with beasts at Ephesus + +Paul is referring to something that he actually did. Possible meanings are 1) Paul was speaking figuratively about his arguments with learned pagans or other conflicts with people who wanted to kill him or 2) he was actually put into the arena to fight against dangerous animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die + +Paul concludes that if there is no further life after death, it is better for us to enjoy this life as we can, for tomorrow our life will end without any further hope. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/33.md b/1co/15/33.md index 5e614558db..56b468f412 100644 --- a/1co/15/33.md +++ b/1co/15/33.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## Bad company corrupts good morals ## +# Bad company corrupts good morals -If you live with bad people, you will act like them. +If you live with bad people, you will act like them. Paul is quoting a common saying. -## Sober up ## +# Sober up -AT: "You must think seriously about this" - -## to your shame ## - -AT: "and you should feel disgrace or dishonor" - -## For some of you have no knowledge of God ## - -Some of the people associating themselves with the church are not actual believers. They do not know the Gospel message. \ No newline at end of file +"You must think seriously about this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/35.md b/1co/15/35.md index 67039827de..4ab59bf3cc 100644 --- a/1co/15/35.md +++ b/1co/15/35.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## But someone will say, "How are the dead raised? And with what kind of body will they come?" ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "But some will say that they cannot imagine how God will raise the dead, and what kind of body God would give them in the resurrection." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul gives some specifics about how the resurrection of the believers' bodies will take place. He gives a picture of natural and spiritual bodies and compares the first man Adam with the last Adam, Christ. -## someone ## +# But someone will say, "How are the dead raised, and with what kind of body will they come?" -AT: "anyone who would question the resurrection" +Possible meanings are 1) The person is asking sincerely or 2) the person is using the question to mock the idea of a resurrection. AT: "But some will say that they cannot imagine how God will raise the dead, and what kind of body God would give them in the resurrection." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## kind of body ## +# someone will say -type of body: spiritual or physical or shape and substance +"someone will ask" -## you are so ignorant ## +# with what kind of body will they come -AT: "you don't know about this at all." +That is, will it be a physical body or a spiritual body? What shape will the body have? What will the body be made of? Translate using the most general question that someone who wants to know the answers to these questions would ask. -## What you sow will not start to grow unless it dies ## +# You are so ignorant! What you sow -A seed will not grow unless it is first buried underground. In the same way, a person has to die before God can resurrect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so both instances of "you" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You are so ignorant + +"You do not know about this at all" + +# What you sow will not start to grow unless it dies + +A seed will not grow unless it is first buried underground. In the same way, a person has to die before God can resurrect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/37.md b/1co/15/37.md index 3940ac9636..1c3765c0e0 100644 --- a/1co/15/37.md +++ b/1co/15/37.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## what you sow is not the body that will be ## +# What you sow is not the body that will be -The metaphor of the seed is again used, meaning that the dead body of the believer will be resurrected, and will not appear as it was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul uses the metaphor of the seed again to say that God will resurrect the dead body of the believer, but that body will not appear as it was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## God will give it body as he chooses ## +# What you sow -AT: "God will decide what kind of body" \ No newline at end of file +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# God will give it a body as he chooses + +"God will decide what kind of body it will have" + +# flesh + +In the context of animals, "flesh" may be translated as "body," "skin," or "meat." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/40.md b/1co/15/40.md index 59660797f0..82a9c69e34 100644 --- a/1co/15/40.md +++ b/1co/15/40.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## heavenly bodies ## +# heavenly bodies -Possible meanings are 1) refers to the sun, moon, stars, and other visible lights in the sky or 2) it refers to heavenly beings such as angels and other supernatural beings. +Possible meanings are 1) the sun, moon, stars, and other visible lights in the sky or 2) heavenly beings, such as angels and other supernatural beings. -## earthly bodies ## +# earthly bodies -refers to humans. +This refers to humans. -## the glory of the heavenly body is one kind and the glory of the earthly is another ## +# the glory of the heavenly body is one kind and the glory of the earthly is another -AT: "the glory that heavenly bodies have is different than the glory that humans have" +"the glory that heavenly bodies have is different from the glory of human bodies" -## glory ## +# glory -This use of "glory" refers to the relative brightness to the human eye of objects in the sky. \ No newline at end of file +Here "glory" refers to the relative brightness to the human eye of objects in the sky. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/42.md b/1co/15/42.md index e69de29bb2..7439a8b358 100644 --- a/1co/15/42.md +++ b/1co/15/42.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# What is sown ... what is raised ... It is sown ... it is raised + +The writer speaks as if people putting a dead body into a grave were people planting the seed of a plant that would bear fruit. The passive verbs can be stated in active form. AT: "What goes into the grave ... what comes out of the grave ... It goes into the grave ... It comes out of the grave" or "What people bury ... what God raises ... People bury it ... God raises it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# is perishable ... is imperishable + +"can rot ... cannot rot" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/45.md b/1co/15/45.md index bf21ffb927..08af82e3d5 100644 --- a/1co/15/45.md +++ b/1co/15/45.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## But the spiritual did not come first but the natural, and then the spiritual ## +# But the spiritual did not come first but the natural, and then the spiritual -AT: "The natural being came first. The spiritual being is from God and came later." +"The natural being came first. The spiritual being is from God and came later." -## natural ## +# natural created by earthly processes, not yet connected to God \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/47.md b/1co/15/47.md index 7fc0a75bd7..a6a3ad0d8c 100644 --- a/1co/15/47.md +++ b/1co/15/47.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## man/one is made of dust, is made from dust ## +# The first man is of the earth, made of dust -"Because God made him out of the dust of the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +God made the first man, Adam, from the dust of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## dust ## +# dust -AT: "powder-like basic materials of the earth's ground" +"dirt" -## the man of heaven ## +# the man of heaven Jesus Christ -## those who are of heaven ## +# those who are of heaven -"those who believe in Christ" +"those who belong to God" -## bear ## +# bear "accept and reflect" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/50.md b/1co/15/50.md index a02c64bf8c..57f7c7db92 100644 --- a/1co/15/50.md +++ b/1co/15/50.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul is referring to those who have not been reborn or those who are not a new creation. +Paul wants them to realize that some believers will not die physically but will still get a resurrected body through Christ's victory. -## neither does perishable inherit imperishable ## +# flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither does what is perishable inherit what is imperishable -Paul is stating our old bodies will perish but we will be changed into imperishable bodies. +Possible meanings are 1) the two sentences mean the same thing. AT: "human beings who will surely die cannot inherit the permanent kingdom of God" or 2) the second sentence finishes the thought begun by the first. AT: "weak human beings cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither do those who will certainly die inherit a kingdom that will last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## we will all be changed ## +# flesh and blood -AT: "God will change us all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Those who inhabit a body that is doomed to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# inherit + +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# is perishable ... is imperishable + +"can rot ... cannot rot." See how these words are translated in [1 Corinthians 15:42](./42.md). + +# we will all be changed + +This can be stated as active. AT: "God will change us all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/52.md b/1co/15/52.md index fc8db145f7..a2710e4002 100644 --- a/1co/15/52.md +++ b/1co/15/52.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## We will be changed ## +# We will be changed -AT: "God will change us" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will change us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in the twinkling of an eye ## +# in the twinkling of an eye -It will happen as fast as it takes for a person to blink their eye. +It will happen as fast as it takes for a person to blink his or her eye. -## at the last trumpet...the trumpet will sound ## +# at the last trumpet -The blowing of a trumpet often precedes major events. In this case it will be the final major event in earth's history that Paul is referring to. +"when the last trumpet sounds" -## this mortal must put on immortality ## +# imperishable ... this perishable body ... is imperishable -God will change our mortal bodies to immortal bodies. \ No newline at end of file +"in a form that cannot rot ... this body that can rot ... cannot rot." See how similar phrases are translated in [1 Corinthians 15:42](./42.md). + +# must put on + +Paul is speaking of God making our bodies so they will never die again as if God were putting new clothes on us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/54.md b/1co/15/54.md index 335a9563c0..65aac7fb7f 100644 --- a/1co/15/54.md +++ b/1co/15/54.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Death, where is your victory? Death, where is your sting? ## +# when this perishable body has put on what is imperishable -Paul says this to mock the power of death that has been overcome by Christ. AT: "Death has no victory. Death has no sting." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the body is spoken of as if it were a person, and becoming imperishable is spoken of as if being imperishable was clothing that a body would wear. AT: "when this perishable body has become imperishable" or "when this body that can rot can no longer rot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when this mortal body has put on immortality + +Here the body is spoken of as if it were a person, and becoming immortal is spoken of as if being immortal was clothing that a body would wear. AT: "when this mortal body has become immortal" or "when this body that can die can no longer die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Death, where is your victory? Death, where is your sting? + +Paul speaks as if death were a person, and he uses this question to mock the power of death, which Christ has defeated. AT: "Death has no victory. Death has no sting." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your ... your + +These are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/56.md b/1co/15/56.md index 16409afce2..dff41ad3ef 100644 --- a/1co/15/56.md +++ b/1co/15/56.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## The sting of death is sin ## +# The sting of death is sin It is through sin that we are destined to face death, that is to die. -## the power of sin is the Law ## +# the power of sin is the law God's law that was passed down by Moses defines sin and shows us how we sin before God. -## gives us the victory ## +# gives us the victory "has defeated death for us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/58.md b/1co/15/58.md index 588b5ad89b..1700cbfffd 100644 --- a/1co/15/58.md +++ b/1co/15/58.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## be steadfast, immoveable, always abounding in the work of the Lord ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "be determined, and work for the Lord faithfully." \ No newline at end of file +Paul wants believers, while they work for the Lord, to remember the changed, resurrected bodies that God is going to give them. + +# be steadfast and immovable + +Paul speaks of someone who lets nothing stop him from carrying out his decisions as if he could not be physically moved. AT: "be determined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Always abound in the work of the Lord + +Paul speaks of efforts made in working for the Lord as if they were objects that a person could acquire more of. AT: "Always work for the Lord faithfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/15/intro.md b/1co/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2bc09e1ba4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Resurrection ##### +This chapter includes a very important teaching about the resurrection of Jesus. The Greek people did not believe that a person could live after they died. Paul defends the resurrection of Jesus and its importance for all believers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Resurrection ##### +The resurrection is presented as the ultimate proof that Jesus is God and a central aspect of the gospel. Christ is the first of many who will be raised to life. There are few doctrines as important as this one. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/raise]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +This chapter is filled with many different figures of speech. These help Paul to express difficult theological concepts in a way that people can understand. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/01.md b/1co/16/01.md index 88ddf78c5d..2bae1731ed 100644 --- a/1co/16/01.md +++ b/1co/16/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## for the saints ## +# Connecting Statement: + +In his closing notes, Paul reminds the Corinthian believers to collect money for the needy believers in Jerusalem. He reminds them that Timothy will come to them before he goes to Paul. + +# for the believers Paul was collecting money from his churches for the poor Jewish Christians in Jerusalem and Judea. -## as I directed ## +# as I directed "as I gave specific instructions" -## store it up ## +# store it up Possible meanings are: 1) "keep it at home" or 2) "leave it with the church" -## so that there will be no collections when I come ## +# so that there will be no collections when I come -AT: "So that you will not have to collect more money while I am with you." \ No newline at end of file +"so that you will not have to collect more money while I am with you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/03.md b/1co/16/03.md index 06f253f03b..1a0d2f6e04 100644 --- a/1co/16/03.md +++ b/1co/16/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## whomever you approve ## +# whomever you approve -Paul is letting the church know that they can designate one of their own people to take their offering to Jerusalem. AT: "whomever you appoint." +Paul is telling the church to choose some of their own people to take their offering to Jerusalem. "whomever you choose" or "the people you appoint" -## I will send with letters ## +# I will send with letters -Possible meanings are 1) "I will send with letters that I will write" or 2) "I will send with letters that you will write". \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "I will send with letters that I will write" or 2) "I will send with letters that you will write." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/05.md b/1co/16/05.md index 1889b1db7c..0d3ba2c426 100644 --- a/1co/16/05.md +++ b/1co/16/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## you may help me on my journey ## +# you may help me on my journey -Possibly provide financial or physical support for Paul and his ministry team. \ No newline at end of file +This means they might give Paul money or other things he needs so that he and his ministry team could continue to travel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/07.md b/1co/16/07.md index 5f8bd376e4..37536bcb42 100644 --- a/1co/16/07.md +++ b/1co/16/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## I do not wish to see you now ## +# I do not wish to see you now -Paul is stating that he does not want to come for just a short visit now but for a longer period of time later. +Paul is stating that he wants to visit for a long time later, not just for a short time soon. -## Pentecost ## +# Pentecost -Paul would stay in Ephesus until this festival (May or June), later travel through Macedonia, and later try to arrive in Corinth before winter started in November. +Paul would stay in Ephesus until this festival, which came in May or June, 50 days after Passover. He would then travel through Macedonia, and later try to arrive in Corinth before winter started in November. -## a wide door has opened ## +# a wide door has opened -This means that the Lord had given him a good opportunity to win people to the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of the opportunity God has given him to win people to the gospel as if it were a door that God had opened so he could walk through it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/10.md b/1co/16/10.md index ae8173a8fd..e799f76c5d 100644 --- a/1co/16/10.md +++ b/1co/16/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## see that he is with you unafraid ## +# see that he is with you unafraid -AT: "see that he has no cause to fear being with you" +"see that he has no cause to fear being with you" -## Let no one despise him. ## +# Let no one despise him -Timothy being much younger than Paul may not be welcomed with the respect due him as a minister of the Gospel like that of Paul and Apollos. +Because Timothy was much younger than Paul, sometimes he was not shown the respect he deserved as a minister of the gospel. -## our brother Apollos ## +# our brother Apollos -Paul treats Apollos with the respect of a fellow believer and minister in Christ and by supporting his return to Corinth to minister to them. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "our" refers to Paul and his readers, so it is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/13.md b/1co/16/13.md index 3dd3829bb7..35e0e70a77 100644 --- a/1co/16/13.md +++ b/1co/16/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Be watchful ## +# Be watchful, stand fast in the faith, act like men, be strong -Paul warns them to be aware that not all people who come proclaiming Christ are in Christ. +Paul is describing what he wants the Corinthians to do as if he was giving four commands to soldiers in war. These four commands mean almost the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## stand fast in the faith ## +# Be watchful -Paul exhorts them to not let false teachers cause them to stumble in their faith. +Paul speaks of people being aware of what is happening as if they were guards keeping watch over a city or vineyard. This can be stated more clearly. AT: "Be careful whom you trust" or "Watch out for danger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## act like men, be strong ## +# stand fast in the faith -Paul exhorts them to be mature in Christ. \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of people continuing to believe in Christ according to his teaching as if they were soldiers refusing to retreat when the enemy attacks. Possible meanings are 1) "keep strongly believing what we have taught you" or 2) "keep strongly trusting in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# act like men + +In the society in which Paul and his audience lived, men usually provided for families by doing the heavy work and fighting against invaders. This can be stated more clearly. AT: "be responsible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let all that you do be done in love + +"Everything you do should show people that you love them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/15.md b/1co/16/15.md index f99c51fdb4..c0f971a660 100644 --- a/1co/16/15.md +++ b/1co/16/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## household of Stephanas ## +# Connecting Statement: -Stephanas was one of the first believers in the Corinth Church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Paul begins to close his letter and sends greetings from other churches, as well as from Prisca, Aquila, and Paul himself. -## be in submission to such people ## +# household of Stephanas -Paul exhorts the believers to honor and respect those who serve the believers there, to treat them as their elders submitting to them. \ No newline at end of file +Stephanas was one of the first believers in the church at Corinth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Achaia + +This is the name of a province in Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/17.md b/1co/16/17.md index e9019d70d6..5b14c10c61 100644 --- a/1co/16/17.md +++ b/1co/16/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus ## +# Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus -These men were either some of the first Corinth believers or Church elders that have close ties with Paul. +These men were either some of the first Corinthian believers or church elders who were co-workers with Paul. -## Fortunatus, and Achaicus ## +# Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## For they refreshed my spirit ## +# They have made up for your absence -Paul rejoiced and was glad for their visit. \ No newline at end of file +"They made up for the fact that you were not here." + +# For they have refreshed my spirit + +Paul is saying he was encouraged by their visit. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/19.md b/1co/16/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index c1cc965212..0000000000 --- a/1co/16/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -## The churches of Asia ## - -Most of the Asia churches were located on the eastern coast of the Aegean Sea across from Corinth. - -## Aquila and Prisca ## - -This couple were believers from Rome who preached the Gospel and instructed Apollos in the ways of Christ. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/21.md b/1co/16/21.md index 5ebc8852ab..95edf4b737 100644 --- a/1co/16/21.md +++ b/1co/16/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## I, Paul, write this with my own hand ## +# I, Paul, write this with my own hand -Paul was making it clear that the instructions in this letter were from him even if most of the letter was written by one of his co-laborers. +Paul was making it clear that the instructions in this letter are from him, even though one of his co-laborers wrote what Paul was saying in the rest of the letter. Paul wrote this last part with his own hand. -## let a curse be on him ## +# may he be accursed -AT: "May God curse him." \ No newline at end of file +"may God curse him." See how "accursed" was translated in [1 Corinthians 12:3](../12/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/16/intro.md b/1co/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1cc9b74658 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 1 Corinthians 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Paul briefly covers many topics in this chapter. It was common in the ancient Near East for the last part of the letter to have personal greetings. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Preparation for his coming ##### + +Paul tells them to start collecting money every Sunday for a gift for the believers in Jerusalem. He told them he would come to them and hoped to spend the winter with them. He told them to help Timothy when he came. He had hoped Apollos would go to them, but Apollos did not think it was the right time. Paul also told them to obey Stephanus. Finally he sent his greetings to everyone. These are practical instructions to help prepare the church for his visit. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Corinthians 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/front/intro.md b/1co/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cefb2ad4a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1co/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +# Introduction to 1 Corinthians # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 1 Corinthians #### + +1. Divisions in the church (1:10-4:21) +1. Moral sins and irregularities (5:1-13) +1. Christians taking other Christians to court (6:1-20) +1. Marriage and related matters (7:1-40) +1. Misuse of Christian liberty; food sacrificed to idols, fleeing idolatry; women's head coverings (8:1-13; 10:1-11:16) +1. Paul's rights as an apostle (9:1-27) +1. The Lord's Supper (11:17-34) +1. The gifts of the Holy Spirit (12:1-31) +1. Love (13:1-13) +1. The gifts of the Holy Spirit: prophecy and languages (14:1-40) +1. The resurrection of believers and the resurrection of Christ (15:1-58) +1. Closing: the contribution for Christians in Jerusalem, requests, and personal greetings (16:1-24) + +#### What is the Book of 1 Corinthians about? #### + +1 Corinthians is a book about conflicts among believers in the church in the city of Corinth. Paul had heard many bad reports about the believers' actions. Some of their problems included theological or doctrinal issues, but most of them were about bad behavior. This letter is Paul's response and encouragement for the Christians in Corinth to live in a God-pleasing way. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "First Corinthians" or "Paul's First Letter to the Church in Corinth." This letter is actually the first of two letters to the Corinthian Christians that are in the New Testament. There was at least one earlier letter, but that letter no longer exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of 1 Corinthians? #### + +Paul of Tarsus was the author. He probably wrote from Ephesus after he lived for some time in Corinth and planted the church there. Paul had been known as "Saul" before his conversion to Christ, when he had been a persecutor of the church. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was the city of Corinth like? #### + +Corinth was a major city located in ancient Greece. Because it was near the Mediterranean Sea, many people bought and sold goods there. This caused the city to have people from many different cultures. It was known for its immorality. Its religious practices centered on Aphrodite, the goddess of love. As part of the ceremonies honoring Aphrodite, her worshipers had sexual intercourse with temple prostitutes. + +#### What was the problem with meat sacrificed to idols? #### + +Many animals were slaughtered and sacrificed to the gods in Corinth. However, much of the meat was kept by the priests and worshipers, and much of it was sold in markets. Many Christians disagreed with each other over whether it was right for them to eat this meat, because it had been dedicated to a false god. Paul writes about this problem in 1 Corinthians. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in 1 Corinthians ULB? #### + +The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, 1 Corinthians ULB uses the following principles: + +* Sometimes the context mainly implies moral holiness. Especially important for understanding the gospel is the use of "hagios" to express the fact that God views Christians as sinless because they are united to Jesus Christ. Another use of "hagios" is to express the idea that God is perfect and faultless. A third use is to express the idea that Christians are to conduct themselves in a blameless, faultless manner in life. In these cases, the ULB uses "holy," "holy God," "holy ones," or "holy people." (See: 1:2) +* Sometimes the context mainly indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULB uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 6:1, 2; 14:33; 16:1, 15) +* Sometimes the context mainly implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULB uses "set apart," "dedicated to," or "reserved for." (See: 1:2; 3:17; 6:11; 7:14, 34) + +As translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions, they will often be helped by the choices made in the ULB. +#### What is the meaning of "flesh?" #### + +Paul frequently uses the terms "flesh" or "fleshly" to refer to Christians who follow their own sinful desires. Despite the imagery, it is not the physical world which is evil. Paul also describes Christians who live righteously as "spiritual" people because they follow the guidance of the Holy Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +This kind of expression occurs in 1:2, 30, 31; 3:1; 4:10, 15, 17; 6:11, 19; 7:22; 9:1, 2; 11:11, 25; 12:3, 9, 13, 18, 25; 14:16; 15:18, 19, 22, 31, 58; 16:19, 24. Paul means in general to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. At the same time, he often intends to signal other kinds of relationships. See, for example, "those who have been dedicated in Christ Jesus" (1:2), where Paul specifically signals that Christian believers have been set apart or "dedicated" to Christ. + +Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Corinthians? #### + +The text of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of manuscripts that many believe are more accurate. The follow are the most significant issues in the Book of 1 Corinthians: + +* "and in your spirit, which are God's." (6:20) Some older versions read in this way, although the best copies do not have this reading. +* "I did this even though I was not under the law myself." (9:20) The ULB and UDB read in this way. However, some older versions leave this passage out. +* "For the earth and everything in it belong to the Lord." (10:28) Some older versions have this passage, but the best copies do not have it. The ULB and UDB do not have it. +* "and if I give my body to be burned." (13:3) Most versions, including the ULB and UDB, read in this way. However, some versions prefer, "and if I give my body so that I might boast." +* "But if anyone does not recognize this, let him not be recognized." (14:38) Most versions read in this way. However, some older versions read, "But if anyone is ignorant of this, let him be ignorant." + +In the case of passages that newer versions often leave out, it is not wrong for translators to include them, especially if older Bible versions in their region include them. If these passages are translated, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they were probably not original to the Book of 1 Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/01/01.md b/1jn/01/01.md index ac2ed272b6..4392292d38 100644 --- a/1jn/01/01.md +++ b/1jn/01/01.md @@ -1,53 +1,59 @@ -The apostle John wrote this to Christians. +# General Information: -## That which was from the beginning ## +The apostle John wrote this letter to believers. All instances of "you," "your," and "yours" include all believers and are plural. Here the words "we" and "us" refer to John and those who had been with Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -The phrase "That which was from the beginning" refers to Jesus, who existed before everything was made. You could translate this as "We are writing to you about the one who existed before the creation of all things." +# General Information: -## the beginning ## +Verse 1 is a partial sentence. If you need to have a complete sentence, you can begin the sentence with verse 1, treat verse 2 as a parenthesis, as the UDB does, and complete the sentence with [1 John 1:3](./03.md). + +# General Information: + +In verses 1-2 many pronouns like "that," "which," and "it" are used. They refer to "the Word of life" and "the eternal life." But, since these are names for Jesus, you can use pronouns that refer to a person like "who," "whom" or "he." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# That which was from the beginning + +The phrase "That which was from the beginning" refers to Jesus, who existed before everything was made. AT: "We are writing to you about the one who existed before the creation of all things" + +# the beginning "the beginning of all things" or "the creation of the world" -## which we have heard ## +# which we have heard -The phrase "which we have heard" refers to what Jesus taught them. It can be translated as "We heard him teach." +"which we have heard him teach" -## we ## +# which we have seen ... we have looked at -In verses 1 and 2, the word "we" refers to John and those who knew Jesus when he was on this earth, but it does not include the people John was writing to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +This is repeated for emphasis. AT: "which we ourselves have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## which we have seen with our eyes, which we have contemplated ## +# the Word of life -"We ourselves have seen him." +The "Word of life" is Jesus. AT: "Jesus, the one who causes people to live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and our hands handled ## +# life -"we have touched him with our hands" +The word "life" throughout this letter refers to more than physical life. It stands here for Jesus, the eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the Word of life ## +# the life was made known -This refers to Jesus. "He is the one who causes people to live forever." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God made the eternal life known to us" or "God made us able to know him, who is eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the life was manifested ## +# we have seen it -This refers to Jesus' coming to earth. It can be translated as "God sent him to the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"we have seen him" -## and we have seen ## +# we bear witness to it -"and we saw him" +"we solemnly tell others about him" -## and bear witness ## +# the eternal life -"and are telling you about him" +Here, "the eternal life" refers to the one who gives that life, Jesus. AT: "the one who enables us to live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the eternal life ## +# which was with the Father -This phrase also refers to Jesus, who causes us to live forever. It can be translated as "that he causes us to live forever." +"who was with God the Father" -## which was with the Father ## +# and which has been made known to us -"He was with God the Father" - -## and was manifested to us ## - -"but he came to live among us" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +This was when he lived on earth. AT: "and he came to live among us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/01/03.md b/1jn/01/03.md index bbdcf220c4..43ee4f0155 100644 --- a/1jn/01/03.md +++ b/1jn/01/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## that which we have seen and heard we declare to you also ## +# General Information: -"We declare to you also what we have seen and heard" +Here the words "we," "us," and "our" refer to John and those who had been with Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## we…us…our ## +# That which we have seen and heard we declare also to you -These pronouns refer to John and those who saw Jesus' alive and are now teaching people about it. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +"We say to you also what we have seen and heard" -## you ## +# have fellowship with us. Our fellowship is with the Father -The word "you" is plural and refers to the people John was writing to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"be our close friends. We are friends with God the Father" -## have fellowship with us. And our fellowship is with the Father ## - -The word fellowship here is referring to a close friendship. These clauses could be translated "be our close friends and we are friends with God the Father" - -## our fellowship ## +# Our fellowship It is not clear if John is including or excluding his readers. You may translate this either way. -## Christ ## +# Father ... Son -The word Christ is a title, not a name and it means "the chosen one". Here it is referring to God choosing Jesus to be our savior. +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## that your joy may be made complete ## +# so that our joy will be complete -"to make your joy complete" or "to make you completely happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"to make our joy complete" or "to make ourselves completely happy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/01/05.md b/1jn/01/05.md index cf62af227e..f4e36eded1 100644 --- a/1jn/01/05.md +++ b/1jn/01/05.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## we have heard ## +# Connecting Statement: -Here the word "we" refers to John and those who knew Jesus when he was on the earth. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +From here into the next chapter, John writes about fellowship—close relationships with God and other believers. -## you ## +# General Information: -The word "you" is plural and refers to the people John was writing to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here the words "we" and "us" refer to all believers, including the people to whom John was writing. Unless otherwise stated, that is the meaning for the remainder of this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## God is light ## +# God is light -This means that God is perfectly pure and holy. It can be translated as "God is purely righteous like pure light." Cultures that associate goodness with light may be able to keep the idea of light without explaining the metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This means that God is perfectly pure and holy. Cultures that associate goodness with light may be able to keep the idea of light without explaining the metaphor. AT: "God is purely righteous like pure light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in him there is no darkness at all ## +# in him there is no darkness at all -This means that God never sins and is not evil in any way. It can be translated as "in him there is no darkness of sin." Cultures that associate evil with darkness may be able to keep the idea of darkness without explaining the metaphor. +This means that God never sins and is not evil in any way. Cultures that associate evil with darkness may be able to keep the idea of darkness without explaining the metaphor. AT: "in him there is no darkness of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## we…us ## +# walk in darkness -In verses 6-7 the pronouns "we" and "us" refer to all believers, including the people John was writing to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +This means "practice evil" or "do evil." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## walk in darkness ## +# walk in the light -This means "practice evil" or "always do evil." +This means "practice goodness" or "do what is good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## walk in the light ## +# the blood of Jesus -This means "practice goodness" or "always do what is good." +This refers to the death of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the blood of Jesus ## +# Son -This refers to the death of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/01/08.md b/1jn/01/08.md index af200e8d41..c426f5de99 100644 --- a/1jn/01/08.md +++ b/1jn/01/08.md @@ -1,39 +1,27 @@ -## If we ## +# General Information: -In verses 8, 9, and 10 the phrase "if we" begins a hypothetical situation that could possibly happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +Here the words "he," "him," and "his" refer to God. (See: [1 John 1:5](./05.md)) -## we…us ## +# have no sin -In verses 8-10 the pronouns "we" and "us" refer to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +"never sin" -## have no sin ## +# are deceiving -"never sin" or "have never sinned" (UDB) +"are tricking" or "lying to" -## deceive ## +# the truth is not in us -"trick" or "fool" +The truth is spoken of as if it were an object that could be inside believers. AT: "we do not believe what God says is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the truth is not in us ## +# to forgive us our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness -"we do not believe what he said is true" +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. John uses them to emphasize that God will surely forgive our sins. AT: "and will completely forgive us of what we have done wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## he…him…his ## +# we make him out to be a liar -These words refer to God. +It is implied that a person who claims to be without sin would be calling God a liar since he said that everyone is a sinner. AT: "it is the same as calling him a liar, because he said we have all sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## faithful and righteous ## +# his word is not in us -"loyal and good" - -## to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness ## - -These two phrases mean basically the same thing. John uses them to emphasize that God will surely forgive our sins. AT: "and will completely forgive us of what we have done wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## we make him a liar ## - -"it is the same as calling him a liar, because he said we have all sinned." The phrase "because he said we have all sinned" is implicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## his word is not in us ## - -This can be translated "we do not understand or obey what he says." \ No newline at end of file +Obeying and honoring God's word is spoken of as if his word were inside the believers. AT: "we do not understand God's word nor obey what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/01/intro.md b/1jn/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a258143e2d --- /dev/null +++ b/1jn/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 1 John 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This letter does not begin in the way letters in the ancient Near East traditionally began. Instead, it begins in a similar way to the Gospel of John. Both do not really have an introduction of any kind. John appears to almost begin in the middle of an idea. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Christians and sin ##### +This chapter teaches that all Christians remain sinners after they come to faith in Jesus. Despite this, God still forgives a Christian's sins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are many metaphors in this chapter, all of which are commonly used in Scripture. Light is always used in a positive way to describe righteousness. Darkness is always used in a negative way to describe unrighteousness. The Christian life is also described as a walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 John 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[1 John intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/01.md b/1jn/02/01.md index 2bf4f32635..125d75d73d 100644 --- a/1jn/02/01.md +++ b/1jn/02/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## My dear children ## +# Connecting Statement: -John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. It can be translated as "My dear children in Christ" or "You who are as dear to me as my own children." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +John continues to write about fellowship and shows that it is possible because Jesus goes between believers and the Father. -## these things I write ## +# General Information: + +Here the words "we" and "us" refer to John and all believers. The words "him" and "his" could refer to God the Father or to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Children + +John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. AT: "My dear children in Christ" or "You who are as dear to me as my own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am writing these things "I am writing this letter" -## But if anyone sins ## +# But if anyone sins -This is something that is likely to happen. "But when anyone sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +"But when anyone sins." This is something that is likely to happen. -## we…us ## +# we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ, the one who is righteous -In verses 1-3 these words refer to John and the people he was writing to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +The word "advocate" here refers to Jesus. AT: "we have Jesus Christ, the one who is righteous, who speaks to the Father and asks him to forgive us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## an advocate with the Father ## +# He is the propitiation for our sins -"someone who speaks to God the Father and asks him to forgive us" +"God is no longer angry with us, because Jesus sacrificed his own life for our sins" or "Jesus is the one who sacrificed his life for our sins, so God is no longer angry with us for our sins" -## Jesus Christ the righteous one ## +# We know that we have come to know him -"and that person is Jesus Christ, the only one who is perfect" +"We know that we know him" or "We know that we have a good relationship with him" -## He is the propitiation for our sin ## +# if we keep his commandments -"Jesus Christ voluntarily sacrificed his own life for us, so that as a result God forgives our sins" (UDB) - -## By this we know that we know him, if we keep his commandments ## - -The phrase "we know him" means "we have a relationship with him." This can be translated as "If we do what he tells us to do, then we can be certain that we have a good relationship with him." - -## him…his ## - -These words could refer to God or to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +"if we obey what he commands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/04.md b/1jn/02/04.md index 9ccea6a8cc..1a60189377 100644 --- a/1jn/02/04.md +++ b/1jn/02/04.md @@ -1,47 +1,39 @@ -## He who says ## +# The one who says "Anyone who says" or "The person who says" -## I know God ## +# I know God -This could be translated as "I have a good relationship with God." +"I have a good relationship with God" -## does not keep ## +# does not keep -"does not do" or "disobeys" +"does not obey" or "disobeys" -## his commandments ## +# his commandments "what God tells him to do" -## the truth is not in him ## +# the truth is not in him -"he does not believe what God says is true" +The truth is spoken of as if it were an object that could be inside the believers. AT: "he does not believe what God says is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## keeps ## +# keeps his word -"does" or "obeys" +"obeys what God tells him to do"" -## his word ## +# it is in that person that the love of God has been perfected -"what God tells him to do" +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "the love of God" refers to a person loving God, and "perfected" represents completely or fully. AT: "it is that person who loves God completely" or 2) "the love of God" refers to God loving people, and "perfected" represents completing its purpose. AT: "God's love has achieved its purpose in that person's life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the love of God ## +# By this we know that we are in him -Possible meanings are 1) “our love for God” or 2) “God's love for us.” +The phrase "we are in him" means that the believer has fellowship with God. AT: "When we obey what God says, we can be certain that we have fellowship with him" or "By this we know that are joined to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## truly in that person the love of God has been perfected ## +# remains in God -This can be translated as an active sentence: "But those who obey what God commands them to do are the people who love God in every way" (UDB) or "God's love for people has achieved its goal when they do what he tells them to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +To remain in God means to continue to have fellowship with God. AT: "continues to have fellowship with God" or "stays joined to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## By this we know that we are in him. ## +# should himself also walk just as Jesus Christ walked -The phrase "we are in him” means that the believer is always united with God or has continual fellowship with God. Often in 1 John the phrase "remain in him" is used to mean the same thing. This can be translated as "When we obey what God says, we can be certain that we have fellowship with him." - -## he remains in ## - -"he has a relationship with" - -## ought himself also to walk even as Jesus Christ walked ## - -"must live has Jesus Christ lived" or "should also obey God just as Jesus Christ did" \ No newline at end of file +Conducting one's life is spoken of as if it were walking. AT: "must live as Jesus Christ lived" or "should also obey God just as Jesus Christ did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/07.md b/1jn/02/07.md index 55f090868d..187e23b4b9 100644 --- a/1jn/02/07.md +++ b/1jn/02/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Beloved ## +# Connecting Statement: -This can be translated as "Friends" or "Dear believers in Christ" +John gives believers basic principles of fellowship—obedience and love. -## I do not write a new commandment to you, but an old commandment ## +# Beloved -John was referring to Jesus' command to love one another. This could be translated as "I am writing to you to love one other. That is not a new thing to do but an old commandment that you were told." +"You people whom I love" or "Dear friends" -## from the beginning ## +# I am not writing a new commandment to you, but an old commandment -"from when you first believed in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"I write to you to love one other, which is not a new thing to do but an old commandment that you had heard." John refers to Jesus' command to love one another. -## Yet I am writing a new commandment to you ## +# from the beginning -This can be translated as "But in one way the commandment I write to you is new." +Here, "beginning" refers to when they decided to follow Christ. AT: "from when you first believed in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## which is true in Christ and in you ## +# Yet I am writing a new commandment to you -This can be translated as "It is new because what Christ did was new, and what you are doing is new." +"But in one way the commandment I write to you is a new commandment" -## the darkness is passing away and the true light is already shining ## +# which is true in Christ and in you -Here "darkness" refers to evil and "light" refers to goodness. This can be translated as "because you are ceasing to do evil and you are doing more and more good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"which is true, as shown in Christ's deeds and your deeds" + +# the darkness is passing away, and the true light is already shining + +Here "darkness" refers to evil and "light" refers to goodness. AT: "because you are ceasing to do evil and you are doing more and more good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/09.md b/1jn/02/09.md index c1fb3f5235..a04a45abce 100644 --- a/1jn/02/09.md +++ b/1jn/02/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## He who says ## +# General Information: -"Anyone who says" or "Those who claim" (UDB). This does not refer to a specific person. +Here the word "brother" refers to a fellow Christian. -## he is in the light ## +# The one who says -This is a way of speaking about living right. When people do what is right, they can do it in the light, and not hide in the dark. This can be translated "he does what is is right" or "he is in the light doing what is right." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Anyone who says" or "Someone who claims." This does not refer to a specific person. -## is in the darkness ## +# he is in the light -This is a way of speaking about living sinfully. When people do what is wrong, they like to hide in the dark. This can be translated as "is in the darkness, doing what is evil." +This is a picture of living right. When people do what is right, they can do it in the light and not hide in the dark. AT: "he does what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## there is no occasion for stumbling in him ## +# is in the darkness -"nothing will cause him to stumble." The word "stumbling" is a metaphor that means to fail spiritually or morally. This could be translated as "nothing will cause him to sin" or "he will never fail to do what is pleasing to God." +This is a picture of living sinfully. When people do what is wrong, they like to hide in the dark. AT: "is in the darkness, doing what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## is in the darkness and walks in the darkness ## +# there is no occasion for stumbling in him + +"nothing will cause him to stumble." The word "stumbling" is a metaphor that means to fail spiritually or morally. AT: "nothing will cause him to sin" or "he will not fail to do what is pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# is in the darkness and walks in the darkness This same idea is said twice to bring attention to how evil it is to hate a fellow believer. AT: "is living in darkness" or "is living in the darkness of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## he does not know where he is going ## +# he does not know where he is going -This is a metaphor that can be translated as "he does not even know he is doing what is evil." +This is a picture of the believer who is not living as a Christian should be living. AT: "he does not know what he should do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the darkness has blinded his eyes ## +# the darkness has blinded his eyes -"the darkness has made him unable to see." This could be translated as "sin has made it impossible for him to understand the truth." \ No newline at end of file +"the darkness has made him unable to see." Darkness is a metaphor for sin or evil. AT: "sin has made it impossible for him to understand the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/12.md b/1jn/02/12.md index dd2223d77c..a94f6985d1 100644 --- a/1jn/02/12.md +++ b/1jn/02/12.md @@ -1,35 +1,43 @@ -## dear children ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](./01.md). +John explains why he is writing his letter either to different age groups or to believers with differences in maturity. Try to use similar wording for these sentences, as they are written poetically. -## your sins are forgiven you ## +# you, dear children -This can be translated with an active clause: "God has forgiven your sins" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](./01.md). AT: "you, my dear children in Christ" or "you who are as dear to me as my own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for Christ's name’s sake ## +# your sins are forgiven -"Christ's name" is a metonym which refers to Christ and all he has done." This could be translated as "because of what Christ has done for you" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God forgives your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I write to you, fathers ## +# because of his name -The word "fathers" here is a metaphor and refers to mature believers. This could be translated as "I write to you, mature believers." +"his name" refers to Christ and who he is. AT: "because of what Christ has done for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you know ## +# I am writing to you, fathers + +The word "fathers" here is possibly a metaphor referring to mature believers. AT: "I am writing to you, mature believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you know "you have a relationship with" -## him who is from the beginning ## +# the one who is from the beginning -"him who has always lived" or "him who has always existed." It refers either to "Jesus" or to "God the Father." +"the one who has always lived" or "the one who has always existed." It refers either to "Jesus" or to "God the Father." -## young men ## +# young men -This metaphor refers to those who are no longer new believers and are growing in spiritual maturity. This could be translated as "young believers." +This possibly refers to those who are no longer new believers but are growing in spiritual maturity. AT: "young believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the word of God remains in you ## +# you are strong -This could be translated as "you know the word of God." +Here "strong" refers not to believers' physical strength, but to their faithfulness to Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## overcome ## +# the word of God remains in you -"conquered" or "victory over" or "defeated" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +The writer refers to the believers' increased faithfulness to Christ and knowledge of him as if he were speaking of God's word existing in them. AT: "you know the word of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# overcome + +The writer is speaking of the believers' refusal to follow Satan and of their frustrating his plans as if it were a matter of conquering him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/15.md b/1jn/02/15.md index ce92ae85fc..1a86c1323a 100644 --- a/1jn/02/15.md +++ b/1jn/02/15.md @@ -1,43 +1,39 @@ -## Do not love the world ## +# Do not love the world nor -In 2:15-17 the word "world" refers to all the the things people do and the the things they want that do not honor God. This could be translated as "Do not behave like the people in the world who do not honor God" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +In 2:15-17 the word "world" refers to all the things people want to do that do not honor God. AT: "Do not behave like the people in the world who do not honor God, and do not love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## nor the things that are in the world ## +# the things that are in the world -"and do not want the same things those who dishonor God want" +"the things that those who dishonor God want" -## the love of the Father is not in him ## +# If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him -This means "he does not love the Father." +A person cannot love this world and all that dishonors God and love the Father at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him ## +# the love of the Father is not in him -This can be translated as "A person cannot love this world and all that dishonors God and love the Father at the same time." +"he does not love the Father" -## the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the vain glory of life ## +# the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the arrogance of life -This is a list of some of the things in the world. It explains what is meant by "everything that is in the world." +This is a list of some of the things in the world. It explains what is meant by "everything that is in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the lust of the flesh ## +# the lust of the flesh -"the strong desire to have physical pleasure" +"the strong desire to have sinful physical pleasure" -## the lust of the eyes ## +# the lust of the eyes "the strong desire to have things that we see" -## the arrogance of life ## +# the arrogance of life -"the bragging about what a person has" or "the pride people feel because of their things" +"pride of life." This could imply both possessions and attitudes. AT: "the bragging about what a person has or does" or "the pride people feel because of their things and what he does" -## life ## +# is not from the Father -This refers here to the things that people have in order to live such as possessions and wealth. +"does not come from the Father" or "is not how the Father teaches us to live" -## is not of the Father ## +# are passing away -This can be translated as "does not come from the Father" or "is not how the Father teaches us to live." - -## is passing away ## - -"will one day not be here" \ No newline at end of file +"pass away" or "will one day not be here" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/18.md b/1jn/02/18.md index c53f54fbec..6db4a459b5 100644 --- a/1jn/02/18.md +++ b/1jn/02/18.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## Little children ## +# Connecting Statement: -See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](./01.md). +John warns about those who are against Christ. -## it is the last hour ## +# Little children -The phrase "the last hour" refers to the time just before Jesus returns to the earth and judges all people. This can be translated as "Jesus will return soon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Immature Christians." See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](./01.md). -## by which we know ## +# it is the last hour -This can be translated as "and because of this we know" or "and because many antichrists have come, we know." +The phrase "the last hour" refers to the time just before Jesus returns. AT: "Jesus will return soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## many antichrists have come ## +# many antichrists have come -"there are many people who are against Christ." +"there are many people who are against Christ" -## They went out from us ## +# have come. By this we know + +"have come, and because of this we know" or "have come, and because many antichrists have come, we know" + +# They went out from us "They left us" -## but they were not of us ## +# but they were not from us -"But they did not really belong to us anyway" or "they were not really part of our group in the first place." The reason they were not really part of the group is that they were not believers in Jesus. +"but they did not really belong to us anyway" or "but they were not really part of our group in the first place." The reason they were not really part of the group is that they were not believers in Jesus. -## For if they had been of us, they would have continued with us ## +# For if they had been from us they would have remained with us -This could be translated as "Because, if they were really believers they would not have left us." - -## they went out in order that they might be shown that they are not of us ## - -This can be stated with an active clause: "they left us so that God could show us they were never really believers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"We know this because they would not have left us if they really had been believers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/20.md b/1jn/02/20.md index 2daea93631..569d6b6b85 100644 --- a/1jn/02/20.md +++ b/1jn/02/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## But you have an anointing from the Holy One ## +# General Information: -"But the Holy One has anointed you." In the Old Testament "anointing" refers to pouring oil on a person to set him apart to serve God. Here "anointing" refers to Jesus giving the Holy Spirit to believers to set them apart to serve God. This could be translated as "But Jesus Christ, the Holy One, has given you his Spirit." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +In the Old Testament the word "anointing" referred to pouring oil on a person to set him apart to serve God. -## no lie is of the truth ## +# But you have an anointing from the Holy One -"no lie comes from the truth." The phrase "the truth" may refer to God, the one who is full of truth. This could also be translated as "No lie comes from the true one." \ No newline at end of file +John speaks of the Holy Spirit as if he were "an anointing" that the people have received from Jesus. The abstract noun "anointing" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "But the Holy One has anointed you" or "But Jesus Christ, the Holy One, has given you his Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the Holy One + +This refers to Jesus. AT: "Jesus, the Holy One" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the truth ... no lie is from the truth + +The abstract noun "truth" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "what is true ... no lie comes from what is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/22.md b/1jn/02/22.md index 9e6a1cd56b..abeb6ecc25 100644 --- a/1jn/02/22.md +++ b/1jn/02/22.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Who is the liar but he who denies that Jesus is the Christ? ## +# Who is the liar but the one who denies that Jesus is the Christ? -John used a rhetorical question to emphasize who the liars are. It could be translated as a question with an answer: "Who is the liar? It is anyone who denies that Jesus is the Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"Who is the liar? Anyone who denies that Jesus is the Christ." John used a question to emphasize who liars are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## denies that Jesus is the Christ ## +# denies that Jesus is the Christ -"refuses to say that Jesus is the Christ" or "says that Jesus is not the Christ" +"refuses to say that Jesus is the Christ" or "says that Jesus is not the Messiah" -## denies the Father and the Son ## +# denies the Father and the Son -This can be translated as "refuses to say the truth about the Father and the Son" or "rejects the Father and the Son." +"refuses to say the truth about the Father and the Son" or "rejects the Father and the Son." -## does not have the Father ## +# Father ... Son -"does not belong to the Father" +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## confesses the Son ## +# has the Father + +"belongs to the Father" + +# acknowledges the Son "speaks the truth about the Son" -## has the Father ## +# has the Father "belongs to the Father" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/24.md b/1jn/02/24.md index 354e5bdc69..22ff967b3f 100644 --- a/1jn/02/24.md +++ b/1jn/02/24.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## As for you ## +# Connecting Statement: -In 2:24-26 the word "you" is plural and refers to the people John is writing to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +John reminds believers to continue in what they have first heard. -## let that which you have heard from the beginning remain in you ## +# General Information: -"remember and believe what you have heard from the beginning." How they heard it, what they heard, and what "the beginning" means can be made explicit: “continue to trust what we have taught you about Jesus just as you have trusted since you first became believers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the people to whom John wrote as well as all believers. The word "he" is emphatic and refers to Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## that which you have heard from the beginning ## +# As for you -This can be translated as "what we taught you about Jesus when you first became believers." +This marks John's telling them how they should live as followers of Jesus instead of how those against Christ live. -## If that which you heard from the beginning remains in you ## +# let what you have heard from the beginning remain in you -"If you continue to trust what we taught you" +"remember and believe what you have heard from the beginning." How they heard it, what they heard, and what "the beginning" means can be made explicit: AT: "continue to trust what we have taught you about Jesus just as you have trusted since you first became believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## also remain in the Son and in the Father ## +# what you have heard from the beginning -See how this was translated in [1 John 2:4](./04.md) +"what we taught you about Jesus when you first became believers" -## And this is the promise which he promised us; eternal life ## +# If what you heard from the beginning remains in you -"And this is what he promised to give us; eternal life" or "And he has promised to cause us to live forever." +The word "remains" is talking about relationship, not salvation. AT: "If you continue to trust what we first taught you" -## he promised us ## +# also remain in the Son and in the Father -Here the word "he" is emphatic and refers to Christ. The word "us" refers to John and all believers, including those he was writing to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +"also have a relationship with the Son and with the Father." See how this was translated in [1 John 2:5-6](./04.md). -## would lead you astray ## +# This is the promise he gave to us—eternal life. -"would try to make you believe a lie" or "want to draw you away from God and His truth" \ No newline at end of file +"This is what he promised to give us—eternal life" or "He has promised to cause us to live forever" + +# life + +The word "life" throughout this letter refers to more than physical life. It stands here for Jesus, the eternal life. See how you translated this in [1 John 1:1-2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# would lead you astray + +"want to lead you astray." Leading people astray represents deceiving them. AT: "want to deceive you" or "want to make you believe lies about Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/27.md b/1jn/02/27.md index 294cb94b23..60b97e4b38 100644 --- a/1jn/02/27.md +++ b/1jn/02/27.md @@ -1,43 +1,47 @@ -## And as for you ## +# Connecting Statement: -In 2:27-29 the word "you" is plural and refers to the believers John is writing to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Starting in verse 29, John introduces the idea of being born into God's family. The previous verses show that believers continue to sin; this part shows that believers also have the new nature, which cannot sin. It continues to show how believers can recognize each other. -## the anointing ## +# As for you + +This marks John's telling them something else about how they should live as followers of Jesus instead of following those who are against Christ. + +# the anointing This refers to "God's Spirit." See the note about "anointing" in [1 John 2:20](./20.md). -## as his anointing teaches you ## +# as his anointing teaches you everything -"because his anointing teaches you" +Here the word "everything" is a generalization. AT: "because his anointing teaches you everything that you need to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## all things ## +# remain in him -Here this phrase is a hyperbole. It could be translated as "everything that you need to know" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +To remain in someone means to continue to have fellowship with him. See how you translated "remains in God" in [1 John 2:5-6](./04.md). AT: "continue to have fellowship with him" or "stay joined with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## remain in him ## - -See this phrase was translated in [1 John 2:4](./04.md). How a person remains in Jesus can be made explicit: "remain in him by believing and obeying him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## Now ## +# Now This word is used here to mark a new part of the letter. -## dear children ## +# dear children -See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](./01.md). +John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](./01.md). AT: "my dear children in Christ" or "you who are as dear to me as my own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he appears ## +# he appears "we see him" -## boldness ## +# boldness "confidence" -## before him at his coming ## +# not be ashamed before him -The phrase "his coming" refers to when Jesus comes again as the king and judge of the world. This could be translated as "when he returns to judge all people." +"not be ashamed in his presence" -## is born of him ## +# at his coming -"is born of God" or "is God's child" \ No newline at end of file +"when he comes again" + +# has been born from him + +"has been born of God" or "is God's child" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/02/intro.md b/1jn/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6153b2e7f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1jn/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# 1 John 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### New and old commandments ##### + +The old commandments are contained in the law of Moses. The new commandments are those given to the church after the death and resurrection of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]]) + +##### Antichrist ##### + +This chapter refers to both a specific Antichrist and many different antichrists. The word "antichrist" means "opposed to Christ." The Antichrist is a person who will come in the last days and imitate the ministry of Jesus for evil. Before this person comes, there will be many different people who work against the cause of Christ and are referred to as "antichrists" because they are working against Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metonymy ##### + +There are many different metonymies used in this chapter. They are used to teach and to give instructions that are generic and can be applied in many different circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "By this we know that we know him: if we keep his commandments." ##### + +This appears to contradict John's earlier statement that Christian do not always keep God's commandments. John has just stated that all Christians sin. John explains that the desire to serve God is born from the indwelling of the Holy Spirit and the new life or nature given to Christians. The word "know" can be understood in many different ways and this range of meaning can cause confusion here. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 John 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/01.md b/1jn/03/01.md index 5fbc03155e..ad7d0297b3 100644 --- a/1jn/03/01.md +++ b/1jn/03/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## See what kind of love the Father has bestowed on us ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Think about how much our Father loves us" (UDB) +In this part John tells the believers about their new nature, which cannot sin. -## bestowed upon us ## +# See what kind of love the Father has given to us -"given to us" or "shown us" +"Think about how our Father loves us so much" -## us…we ## +# we should be called children of God -In 3:1-3 these pronouns refer to John, his audience, and all believers.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +"the Father called us his children" -## we should be called children of God ## +# children of God -This can be translated with an active verb: "the Father should call us his children." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here this means people who belong to God through faith in Jesus. -## the world does not know us, because it did not know him ## +# For this reason, the world does not know us, because it did not know him -Here "the world" refers to people who do not honor God. What the world did not know can be made explicit: "Those who do not honor God do not know that we belong to God, because they did not know God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "Because we are the children of God and because the world did not know God, it does not know us" or 2) "Because the world did not know God, it does not know us." -## it has not yet been revealed ## +# the world does not know us, because it did not know him -This can be translated with an active verb: "God has not revealed" +Here "the world" refers to people who do not honor God. What the world did not know can be made explicit: AT: "those who do not honor God do not know that we belong to God, because they did not know God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## And every one that has this confidence fixed on him purifies himself just as he is pure. ## +# Beloved -This can be translated "Everyone who confidently expects to see Christ as he really is will keep himself pure because Christ is pure." \ No newline at end of file +"You people whom I love" or "Dear friends." See how you translated this in [1 John 2:7](../02/07.md). + +# it has not yet been revealed + +This can be stated in active form: AT: "God has not yet revealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# revealed + +This can mean here either "told," "demonstrated," or "shown." + +# Everyone who has this confidence about the future fixed on him purifies himself just as he is pure + +"Everyone who confidently expects to see Christ as he really is will keep himself pure because Christ is pure" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/04.md b/1jn/03/04.md index 40a7851e47..38dd282466 100644 --- a/1jn/03/04.md +++ b/1jn/03/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## commits sin ## +# Christ was revealed -"continues to sin" (UDB) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Christ appeared" or "the Father revealed Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## does lawlessness ## +# remains in him -"is refusing to obey God's law" (UDB) +"has a relationship with God." See how this was translated in [1 John 2:5-6](../02/04.md). -## You ## +# No one ... has seen him or known him -Here "you" is plural and refers to the people John is writing to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) - -## Christ was revealed ## - -This can be translated with an active verb: "Christ appeared" or "the Father revealed Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## remains in him ## - -See how this was translated in [1 John 2:4](../02/04.md) - -## has neither seen him or known him ## - -John uses the words "seen" and "known" to emphasize that the person who keeps on sinning has never met Christ in a spiritual sense. AT: "has never truly believed in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +John uses the words "seen" and "known" to say that the person who sins has never met Christ in a spiritual sense. A person behaving according to his sinful nature cannot know Christ. AT: "No one ... has ever truly believed in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/07.md b/1jn/03/07.md index de97f50ede..6d0654841a 100644 --- a/1jn/03/07.md +++ b/1jn/03/07.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Dear children ## +# Dear children -See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](../02/01.md). +John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "My dear children in Christ" or "You who are as dear to me as my own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## let no one lead you astray ## +# do not let anyone lead you astray -This can be translated "do not let anyone fool you" or "do not let anyone deceive you" (UDB) +Being persuaded to disobey Christ is spoken of as if one were led off the right path to follow. AT: "do not let anyone fool you" or "do not let anyone deceive you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He who does righteousness is righteous, just as Christ is righteous ## +# The one who does righteousness is righteous, just as Christ is righteous -This could be translated as "He who does what is right is pleasing to God just as Christ is pleasing to God." +"He who does what is right is pleasing to God just as Christ is pleasing to God." -## does sin ## +# is from the devil -"continues to sin repeatedly" (UDB) +"belongs to the devil" or "is like the devil" -## is of the devil ## +# from the beginning -"belongs to the devil" or "is like the devil" (UDB) +This refers to the very earliest time of creation before humans first sinned. AT: "since the earliest time of creation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## from the beginning ## +# the Son of God was revealed -This refers to the very earliest times of creations before humans first sinned. This could be translated as "since the earliest times of creation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God revealed his Son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the Son of God was revealed ## +# Son of God -This can be translated with an active clause: "God revealed his son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/09.md b/1jn/03/09.md index be20e2c901..d6785738b3 100644 --- a/1jn/03/09.md +++ b/1jn/03/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Whoever has been born of God ## +# Connecting Statement: -This can be translated with an active clause: "Whoever God has made his child." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +For now John ends this section on the new birth and the new nature which cannot sin. -## does not sin ## +# Whoever has been born from God -"cannot continually sin" (UDB) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Whoever God has made his child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## God's seed ## +# God's seed -This compares a physical seed that is planted in the earth and grows to the Holy Spirit that God puts in believers which gives them power to resist sin and do what pleases God. This could be translated as "the Holy Spirit." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of the Holy Spirit, whom God gives to believers and who makes them able to resist sin and do what pleases God as if he were a physical seed that is planted in the earth and grows. This is sometimes referred to as the new nature. AT: "the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he has been born of God ## +# he has been born of God -This can be translated as an active clause: "God has given him new spiritual life" or "he is a child of God." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has given him new spiritual life" or "he is a child of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## In this the children of God and children of the devil are revealed. ## +# In this the children of God and children of the devil are revealed -This can be translated with an active sentence: "This is how we know the children of God and the children of the devil." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is how we know the children of God and the children of the devil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whoever does not do what is righteous is not from God, neither is the one who does not love his brother + +The words "from God" are understood in the second part of the sentence. This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "whoever does not do what is righteous is not from God; whoever does not love his brother is also not from God" or "those who do what is righteous are from God, and those who love their brothers are from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# his brother + +Here "brother" means fellow Christians. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/11.md b/1jn/03/11.md index ff0d128187..3f6a2e9003 100644 --- a/1jn/03/11.md +++ b/1jn/03/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## we should love ## +# Connecting Statement: -Here, the word "we" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here John teaches believers how they can recognize each other by the way they live; he teaches his readers to love each other. -## And why did he kill him? Because ## +# General Information: -John uses a question to teach his audience. This could be translated as a statement: "He killed him because" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Cain and Abel were the first sons of Adam and Eve, the first man and woman. -## his works were evil, and his younger brother’s righteous ## +# We should not be like Cain -This could be translated "because he was always doing evil things and his younger brother was doing good things." \ No newline at end of file +"We should not do as Cain did" + +# brother + +This refers to Cain's younger brother Abel. + +# Why did he kill him? Because + +John uses a question to teach his audience. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "He killed him because" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# his works were evil and his brother's righteous + +The words "works were" are also understood in the second phrase. AT: "Cain's works were evil and his brother's works were righteous" or "Cain did evil things and his brother did what was right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/13.md b/1jn/03/13.md index 693aa044b8..e8fad22ab5 100644 --- a/1jn/03/13.md +++ b/1jn/03/13.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Marvel not ## - -"Do not be surprised." - -## brothers ## +# brothers "fellow believers" -## if the world hates you ## +# if the world hates you -Here the word "world" refers to the people who do not honor God. This can be translated as "if those who do not honor God hate you who do honor God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "world" refers to the people who do not honor God. AT: "if those who do not honor God hate you who do honor God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## we have passed out of death into life ## +# we have passed out of death into life -"we are no longer spiritually dead but are spiritually alive" +The conditions of living and of being dead are spoken of as if they were physical locations from which a person could leave and go to. The abstract nouns "life" and "death" can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "we are no longer spiritually dead but are spiritually alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## remains in death ## +# life + +The word "life" throughout this letter refers to more than physical life. It stands here for Jesus, the eternal life. See how you translated this in [1 John 1:1-2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# remains in death "is still spiritually dead" -## Whoever hates his brother is a murderer ## +# Anyone who hates his brother is a murderer -This compares a person who hates another believer with a murderer. Since hatred is the cause of murder, God considers anyone who hates to be as guilty as someone who kills a person. This can be translated as "Whoever hates another believer is as guilty as someone who kills a person." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +John speaks of a person who hates another believer as if he were a murderer. Since people commit murder because they hate other people, God considers anyone who hates to be as guilty as someone who kills a person. AT: "Whoever hates another believer is as guilty as someone who kills a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## has eternal life living in him ## +# no murderer has eternal life residing in him -"Eternal life" is something God gives believers after we die, but it is also a power God gives believers in this life to help them to stop sinning and to do what please him. This could also be translated as "has the power of spiritual life working inside of him." \ No newline at end of file +"Eternal life" is something God gives believers after they die, but it is also the power God gives believers in this life to help them to stop sinning and to do what please him. Here eternal life is spoken of as if it were a person that could live in someone. AT: "a murderer does not have the power of spiritual life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/16.md b/1jn/03/16.md index 9d7b890a7d..19c01adc08 100644 --- a/1jn/03/16.md +++ b/1jn/03/16.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## Christ laid down his life for us ## +# Christ laid down his life for us -This expression means "Christ willingly gave his life for us" or "Christ willingly died for us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This expression means "Christ willingly gave his life for us" or "Christ willingly died for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the world’s goods ## +# the world's goods -This could be translated as "material possessions like money, food, or clothing." +material possessions like money, food, or clothing -## sees his brother in need ## +# sees his brother in need -"and realizes a fellow believer needs help" +"realizes a fellow believer needs help" -## and shuts up his heart of compassion from him ## +# and shuts up his heart of compassion from him -This expression means "but does not show him compassion" or "but does not willingly help him." +The phrase "shuts up his heart of compassion" is a metaphor. AT: "and does not show him compassion" or "and does not willingly help him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## how does the love of God remain in him? ## +# how does the love of God remain in him? -John uses a question to teach his audience. This could be translated as a statement: "God's love is not in him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +John uses a question to teach his audience. AT: "God's love is not in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## My dear children ## +# My dear children -See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](../02/01.md). +John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "My dear children in Christ" or "You who are as dear to me as my own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## let us not love in word nor in tongue ## +# let us not love in word nor in tongue, but in actions and truth -The phrases "in word" and "in tongue" both refer to what a person says. AT: "do not just say that you love people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## but in deed and truth ## - -This could be translated as "but show that you truly love people by helping them." \ No newline at end of file +The phrases "in word" and "in tongue" both refer to what a person says. The word "love" is understood in the second part of the sentence. AT: "do not just say that you love people, but show that you truly love people by helping them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/19.md b/1jn/03/19.md index 0e078cd505..60626c325b 100644 --- a/1jn/03/19.md +++ b/1jn/03/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## we are of the truth ## +# Connecting Statement: -This could be translated as "we are living according the the way Jesus taught us." +Here John probably means that believers' ability to love God and each other sincerely (See: [1 John 3:18](./16.md)) is a sign that their new life has indeed originated from the truth about Christ. -## assure our heart ## +# we are from the truth -In 3:19-22 the word "heart" refers to a person's conscience or the part of a person's thinking through which God makes him aware that he is doing something sinful. This can be translated as "we will not feel guilty in the presence of God." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"we belong to the truth" or AT: "we are living according the way Jesus taught us" -## God is greater than our heart ## +# we assure our hearts -This could be translated as "we know God is a better judge than our heart." +The word "heart" here refers to feelings. AT: "we do not feel guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and do the things that are pleasing in his sight. ## +# if our hearts condemn us -This can be translated "we do what pleases him" \ No newline at end of file +This is a metaphor. AT: "if we know that we have sinned and as a result feel guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God is greater than our hearts + +God knows more than a person and judges better. The effect of this truth is probably that God is more merciful than our consciences would suppose. This quality of God is expressed by the term "greater." AT: "God knows more than we do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Beloved + +"You people whom I love" or "Dear friends." See how you translated this in [1 John 2:7](../02/07.md). + +# do the things that are pleasing before him + +God's opinion is spoken of as if it depends on what he sees happen in front of himself. AT: "we do what pleases him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/23.md b/1jn/03/23.md index b74841629e..7f962fbc23 100644 --- a/1jn/03/23.md +++ b/1jn/03/23.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## this is his commandment ## +# This is his commandment: That we should believe ... just as he gave us this commandment -This could be translated "this is what God wants us to do." +The abstract noun "commandment" can be stated as "command." AT: "This is what God commands us to do: Believe ... just as he commanded us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## remains in him, and God in him ## +# Son -See how this was translated in [1 John 2:4](../02/04.md). +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## for love is of God ## +# remains in him, and God remains in him -“ This can be translated “because God causes us to love each other” - -## born of God ## - -This is a metaphor which means has a relationship to God like a child to his father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## and everyone who loves is born of God and knows God. ## - -This can be translated “because those who love their fellow believers have become God's children and know him.” (UDB) - -## He who loves not knows not God, for God is love ## - -This can be translated “God's nature is to love all people. Those who do not love their fellow believers do not know God because the character of God is to love people.” \ No newline at end of file +The close union of believers is expressed by the terms "remains in him." See how "remains in God" was translated in [1 John 2:5-6](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/03/intro.md b/1jn/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b705c423bd --- /dev/null +++ b/1jn/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# 1 John 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Children of God ##### +The author, John, was a Jew, but he did not become a child of God until after he came to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### Cain ##### +Cain was a son of the first man, Adam, and the first woman, Eve. He murdered his brother out of jealousy or envy. This reference is difficult to understand if Genesis has not yet been translated. Additional explanation may be necessary. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "To know" ##### +The verb "to know" is used in a way that means "to understand." It is a type of knowledge based on one's experiences. Care should be taken when translating this word because it is not the primary definition of the term. + +##### Keeps sinning and doing righteousness ##### +There are many instructions in this chapter that will change their meaning if they are translated as happening continually or in another way. This passage is especially difficult in light of the fact that the first chapter teaches that Christians inevitably sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]). + +##### "He who keeps God's commandments remains in him, and God remains in him" ##### +Many scholars believe this is about remaining in the will of God and is not a reference to a person's eternal salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 John 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/01.md b/1jn/04/01.md index 1503756a94..715a01019c 100644 --- a/1jn/04/01.md +++ b/1jn/04/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## do not believe every spirit ## +# General Information: -In 4:1-3 the word "spirit" refers to a spiritual power or being that gives a person a message or prophecy. This could be translated as "do not trust every prophet who claims to have a message from a spirit." +John gives a warning against false teachers who teach against Christ's having had a human body and teachers who talk the way those who love the world talk. -## but test the spirits ## +# Beloved -This could be translated "but be sure to listen carefully to what the prophet says." +"You people whom I love" or "Dear friends." See how you translated this in [1 John 2:7](../02/07.md). -## has come in the flesh ## +# do not believe every spirit -"has taken on human form" or "has come in a physical body" +Here, the word "spirit" refers to a spiritual power or being that gives a person a message or prophecy. AT: "do not trust every prophet who claims to have a message from a spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## This is the spirit of the antichrist ## +# test the spirits -This could be translated “They are teachers who oppose Christ ” (UDB) +Here, the word "spirits" refers to a spiritual power or being that gives a person a message or prophecy. AT: "think carefully about what the prophet says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## which you have heard is coming ## +# has come in the flesh -This could be translated “You have heard that people like that are coming among us.” +Here "flesh" represents the human body. AT: "has come as a human being" or "has come in a physical body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## and now is already in the world. ## +# This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you have heard is coming, and now is already in the world -This could be translated “Even now they are already here!” (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"These are prophets opposed to Christ, whom you have heard are coming, and now are already in the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/04.md b/1jn/04/04.md index 183be9b51c..1a3b6141b8 100644 --- a/1jn/04/04.md +++ b/1jn/04/04.md @@ -1,35 +1,27 @@ -## You are of God ## +# dear children -"You belong to God." +John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "my dear children in Christ" or "you who are as dear to me as my own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## dear children ## +# have overcome them -See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](../02/01.md). +"have not believed the false teachers" -## have overcome those spirits ## +# the one who is in you is -This could be translated "You have not believed the false teachers." +"God, who is in you, is" -## he who is in you ## +# the one who is in the world -"he" refers to God. +Two possible meanings are 1) this refers to Satan. AT: "Satan, who is in the world" or "Satan, who works through those who do not obey God" or 2) this refers to worldly teachers. AT: "worldly teachers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he who is in the world ## +# They are from the world -"he" refers to Satan. +The words "are from" are a metaphor for "receive their power and authority." "The world" is a metonym ultimately for "the one who is in the world," Satan, though it is also a metonym for sinful people who gladly listen to them and so also give them authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the world ## +# therefore what they say is from the world -The term the world refers to people who do not obey God. +"The world" is a metonym ultimately for "the one who is in the world," Satan, though it is also a metonym for sinful people who gladly listen to them and so also give them authority. AT: "therefore they teach what they have learned from sinful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Those spirits are of the world ## +# and the world listens to them -This could be translated “Those false teachers are people who do not obey God.” - -## therefore what they say is of the world ## - -This could be translated “therefore they teach ideas that are against God" - -## and the world listens to them ## - -This could be translated “so the people who do not obey God listens to them” \ No newline at end of file +The words "the world" are a metonym for people who do not obey God. AT: "so the people who do not obey God listen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/07.md b/1jn/04/07.md index 7634329a04..880fca903e 100644 --- a/1jn/04/07.md +++ b/1jn/04/07.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Beloved ## +# General Information: -"Dear friends." (UDB) +John continues to teach about the new nature. He teaches his readers about God's love and loving one another. -## let us love one another ## +# Beloved -"Believers are to love other believers." +"You people whom I love" or "Dear friends." See how you translated this in [1 John 2:7](../02/07.md). -## God is love ## +# let us love one another -This is a metaphor which means "The character of God is love." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"believers are to love other believers" -## for love is of God ## +# and everyone who loves is born from God and knows God -“ This can be translated “because God causes us to love each other” +"and because those who love their fellow believers have become God's children and know him" -## born of God ## +# for love is from God -This is a metaphor which means has a relationship to God like a child to his father. +"because God causes us to love each other" -## and everyone who loves is born of God and knows God. ## +# born from God -This can be translated “because those who love their fellow believers have become God's children and know him.” (UDB) +This is a metaphor which means someone has a relationship to God like a child to his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He who loves not knows not God, for God is love ## +# The person who does not love does not know God, for God is love -This can be translated “God's nature is to love all people. Those who do not love their fellow believers do not know God because the character of God is to love people.” \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "God is love" a metaphor which means "the character of God is love." AT: "Those who do not love their fellow believers do not know God because the character of God is to love people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/09.md b/1jn/04/09.md index 33da943dda..6774677730 100644 --- a/1jn/04/09.md +++ b/1jn/04/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## In this the love of God was revealed among us ## +# Because of this ... among us, that God has sent his only Son -This could be translated “God showed that he loved us,” +"Because of this ... among us: God has sent his only Son." The phrase "Because of this" refers to the phrase "that God has sent his only Son." -## that we might live through him ## +# the love of God was revealed among us -This could be translated "enable us to live eternally because of what Jesus did." +The noun "love" can be translated as a verb. This phrase can be made active. AT: "God showed that he loves us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## In this is love ## +# so that we would live because of him -This could be translated “God showed us what real love is” +"to enable us to live eternally because of what Jesus did" -## not that we loved God ## +# In this is love -This could be translated “it is not like the way we love God” +"God showed us what real love is" -## propitiation ## +# he sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins -means an atoning sacrifice. - -## and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins. ## - -This could be translated “and sent his Son to sacrifice himself so that God could forgive our sins.” \ No newline at end of file +Here "propitiation" refers to Jesus' death on the cross appeasing God's wrath against sin. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "he sent his Son to be the sacrifice that appeased his wrath against our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/11.md b/1jn/04/11.md index 6024e90e7a..06fa50b216 100644 --- a/1jn/04/11.md +++ b/1jn/04/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## Beloved ## +# Beloved -"Dear friends." (UDB) +"You people whom I love" or "Dear friends." See how you translated this in [1 John 2:7](../02/07.md). -## if God so loved us ## +# if God so loved us -This can be translated “since God loves us so much” +"since God loved us in this way" -## love one another ## +# we also should love one another -"Believers are to love other believers." +"believers are to love other believers" -## God remains in us...we remain in him and he in us ## +# God remains in us ... we remain in him and he in us -See how this was translated in [1 John 2:4](../02/04.md). +To remain in someone means to continue to have fellowship with him. See how you translated "remains in God" in [1 John 2:5-6](../02/04.md). AT: "God continues to have fellowship with us ... we continue to have fellowship with God and he continues to have fellowship with us" or "God stays joined to us ... we stay joined to God and he stays joined to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his love is perfected in us ## +# and he in us -This could be translated "God's love is made complete in us." +The word "remains" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "and he remains in us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## because he has given us of his Spirit ## +# his love is perfected in us -This could be translated “because he has put his Holy Spirit in us” +"God's love is complete in us" -## And we have seen and have borne witness that the Father has sent the Son to be the Savior of the world. ## +# By this we know ... us, because he has given -This can be translated “And we apostles have seen the Son of God and tell everyone that God, the Father has sent his Son to save people on this earth.” \ No newline at end of file +Your translation may be clearer if you omit either "by this" or "because." AT: "We know ... us because he gave" or "By this we know ... us: he gave" + +# because he has given us some of his Spirit + +"because he gave us his Spirit" or "because he has put his Holy Spirit in us." This phrase, however, does not imply that God has less of his Spirit after he has given us some. + +# Also, we have seen and have borne witness that the Father has sent the Son to be the Savior of the world + +"And we apostles have seen the Son of God and tell everyone that God the Father has sent his Son to save people on this earth" + +# Father ... Son + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/15.md b/1jn/04/15.md index a5ace8beda..c551892b4a 100644 --- a/1jn/04/15.md +++ b/1jn/04/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Whoever confesses that Jesus is the Son of God ## +# Whoever acknowledges that Jesus is the Son of God -"Those who say the truth about Jesus, that he is the Son of God." (UDB) +"Anyone who says the truth about Jesus, that he is the Son of God" -## God remains in him, and he in God ## +# Son of God -See how this was translated in [1 John 2:4](../02/04.md). +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## God is love ## +# God remains in him and he in God -This is a metaphor which means "The character of God is love." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +To remain in someone means to continue to have fellowship with him. See how you translated "remains in God" in [1 John 2:5-6](../02/04.md). AT: "God continues to have fellowship with him and he continues to have fellowship with God" or "God stays joined to him and he stays joined to God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and he who remains in love remains in God, and God remains in him ## +# and he in God -This can be translated “those who continue to love others have a close relationship with God, and God has a close relationship with them.”) \ No newline at end of file +The word "remains" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "and he remains in God" (See: Ellipsis) + +# God is love + +This is a metaphor which means "the character of God is love." See how you translated this in [1 John 4:8](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the one who remains in this love + +"those who continue to love others" + +# remains in God, and God remains in him + +To remain in someone means to continue to have fellowship with him. See how you translated "remains in God" in [1 John 2:5-6](../02/04.md). AT: "continues to have fellowship with God, and God continues to have fellowship with him" or "stays joined with God, and God stays joined with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/17.md b/1jn/04/17.md index c1aae44041..3853ca40e1 100644 --- a/1jn/04/17.md +++ b/1jn/04/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## In this love has been made perfect among us, that we may have confidence on the day of judgment ## +# Because of this, this love has been made perfect among us, so that we will have confidence -Possible meanings are 1) the word "this" refers back to 4:16. Alternate translation: "And when a person lives in love, and he is in God and God is in him, our love is complete. And, we may have complete confidence on the day of judgment." Or 2) the word "this" refers to "confidence." Alternate translation: "When we are confident that God will accept us on the day he judges everyone, then we know our love is complete among us." +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "Because of this" refers back to [1 John 4:16](./15.md). AT: "Because whoever lives in love is in God and God is in him, God has made his love for us complete, and so we may have complete confidence" or 2) "Because of this" refers to "we may have confidence." AT: "We are confident that God will accept us on the day he judges everyone, so we know he has made his love for us complete" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## because as he is, just so are we in this world ## +# this love has been made perfect among us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has made his love for us complete" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because as he is, just so are we in this world "because the relationship that Jesus has with God is the same relationship we have with God in this world" -## perfect love throws out fear ## +# Instead, perfect love throws fear out -Here "love" is described as a person with the power to remove fear. Alternate translation: "But when our love is complete we are no longer afraid." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here "love" is described as a person with the power to remove fear. God's love is perfect. AT: "But when our love is complete, we are no longer afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## because fear has to do with punishment ## +# because fear has to do with punishment -"because we are afraid if we think God will punish us when he comes to judge everyone" +"because we would be afraid only if we thought that he would punish us" -## But he who fears has not been made perfect in love ## +# But the one who fears has not been made perfect in love -"When a person is afraid that God will punish him that means his love is not complete" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But when a person is afraid that God will punish him, his love is not complete" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/19.md b/1jn/04/19.md index 8b60e35c49..05e0737aa1 100644 --- a/1jn/04/19.md +++ b/1jn/04/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## We ## +# hates his brother -This refers to John, the people he is writing to, and believers everywhere." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +"hates a fellow believer" -## hates his brother ## +# the one who does not love his brother, whom he has seen, cannot love God, whom he has not seen -"hate a fellow believer." (UDB) - -## commandment from him - " ## - -"**him" refers to God. \ No newline at end of file +If two negative statements in a row are confusing, this can be translated differently. AT: "the one who hates his brother, whom he has seen, cannot love God, whom he has not seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/04/intro.md b/1jn/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..61845c8913 --- /dev/null +++ b/1jn/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 1 John 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Spirit ##### +This single word is used in many different ways in this chapter. It is used to reference non-physical things, specifically "spirits" who bear witness in some way in "spiritual" or religious matters. The "Spirit of God" is God. The "spirit" of the antichrist is that which is typical of the Antichrist. This is the same way it is used in the phrases the "spirit of truth" and the "spirit of error." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Loving God ##### +If people love God, their love should be displayed in the way they live their lives and the way they treat other people. It is not necessary to conclude the Christian's salvation is dependent upon these behaviors. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 John 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/01.md b/1jn/05/01.md index 4012cfbf03..ec2187def6 100644 --- a/1jn/05/01.md +++ b/1jn/05/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## is born of God ## +# General Information: + +John continues to teach his readers about God's love and the love believers are to have because they have this new nature from God. + +# is born from God "is a child of God" -## him who became the father ## +# Because of this we know that we love God's children, when we love God and do his commandments. -"the father." Alternate translation: "him who caused us to be his children" +"When we love God and do what he commands, then we know that we love his children" -## also loves him who was born of him ## +# For this is love for God: that we keep his commandments -"also loves his child." Alternate translation: “also loves his children.” +"Because when we do what he commands, that is true love for God" -## By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God and do his commandments ## +# his commandments are not burdensome -"When we love God and do what he commands, then we know that we love the children of God" +"what he commands is not difficult" -## For this is love for God, that we keep his commandments ## +# burdensome -"Because when we do what he commands that is true love for God" - -## And his commandments are not burdensome ## - -"And what he commands is not a burden" or "And what he commands is not difficult to do" \ No newline at end of file +"heavy" or "crushing" or "difficult" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/04.md b/1jn/05/04.md index a5d918ef64..6cd69ae3ea 100644 --- a/1jn/05/04.md +++ b/1jn/05/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## everyone ## +# everyone who is born from God overcomes -This refers to all children of God. +"all children of God overcome" -## overcomes the world ## +# overcomes the world -This can be translated “refuses to do the evil things unbelievers do” +"has victory over the world," "succeeds against the world," or "refuses to do the evil things unbelievers do" -## And this is the victory…our faith ## +# the world -This could be translated "Our faith gives us the power to resist sinning against God." +This passage uses "the world" to refer to all the sinful people and the evil systems in the world. AT: "everything in the world that is against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Who is he who overcomes the world? ## +# And this is the victory that has overcome the world, even our faith -This is a rhetorical question which contains a metonymy (world). "He" refers to believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"And this is what gives us the power to resist whatever would lead us to sin against God: our faith" or "And it is our faith that gives us the power to resist whatever would lead us to sin against God" + +# Who is the one who overcomes the world? + +John used this question to introduce something he wanted to teach. AT: "I will tell you who overcomes the world:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The one who believes that Jesus is the Son of God + +This does not refer to a specific person but to anyone who believes this. AT: "Anyone who believes that Jesus is the Son of God." + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/06.md b/1jn/05/06.md index 807805bb7f..2c3d3f0d74 100644 --- a/1jn/05/06.md +++ b/1jn/05/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## This is he who came by water and blood, even Jesus Christ ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Jesus Christ is the one who came by water and blood."Here "water" refers to the baptism of Jesus. Also "blood" refers to Jesus' death on the cross. Alternate translation: "God showed that Jesus Christ is his son at Jesus' baptism and his death on the cross." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +John teaches about Jesus Christ and what God said about him. -## not only by water, but by water and by blood ## +# This is the one who came by water and blood: Jesus Christ -This can be translated as a new sentence: "He came not by water only, but by water and by blood." Alternate translation: "God did not just show us Jesus was his son through his baptism, but through his baptism and his death on the cross." +"Jesus Christ is the one who came by water and blood." Here "water" is probably a metonym for the baptism of Jesus, and "blood" stands for Jesus' death on the cross. AT: "God showed that Jesus Christ is his son at Jesus' baptism and his death on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## For there are three who bear witness ## +# He came not only by water, but by water and blood -"For there are three who testify about Jesus" - -## and the Spirit and the water and the blood ## - -Here, "water" and "blood" are described as a person who stands up in court and tells the people what he saw and heard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) - -## and the three agree in one ## - -"and the three agree with each other" \ No newline at end of file +Here "water" is probably a metonym for the baptism of Jesus, and "blood" stands for Jesus' death on the cross. AT: "God did not show us Jesus was his son just through his baptism, but through his baptism and his death on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/09.md b/1jn/05/09.md index 066f3a7ecc..4ea7f5f0b1 100644 --- a/1jn/05/09.md +++ b/1jn/05/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## If we receive the witness of men, the witness of God is greater ## +# If we receive the witness of men, the witness of God is greater -Alternate translation: "If we believe what people say, then we should believe what God says because he always tells the truth. +The translator can state more clearly the implied reason about why we should believe what God says: AT: "If we believe what people say, then we should believe what God says because he always tells the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## He who believes in the Son of God has the testimony in himself ## +# receive the witness of men -Alternate translation: “Whoever believes in Jesus knows for sure he is the Son of God.” +The idiom to "receive the witness" means to believe what another person testifies concerning something that he has seen. The abstract noun "witness" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "believe what men testify" or "believe what men say about what they have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## has made him a liar ## +# the witness of God is greater -"is calling God a liar" +the witness of God is more important and more reliable -## because he has not believed the witness that God has borne concerning his Son ## +# Son -"because he does not believe God has told the truth about his Son" \ No newline at end of file +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Anyone who believes in the Son of God has the testimony in himself + +"Whoever believes in Jesus knows for sure Jesus is the Son of God" + +# has made him out to be a liar + +"has called God a liar" + +# because he has not believed the witness that God has given concerning his Son + +"because he has not believed that God has told the truth about his Son" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/11.md b/1jn/05/11.md index c98fdd3e8f..8ed5bae567 100644 --- a/1jn/05/11.md +++ b/1jn/05/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## And the witness is this ## +# And the witness is this -"This is what God says." (UDB) +"This is what God says" -## this life is in his Son ## +# life -"We will live forever if we are joined with his Son" (UDB), or "We will live forever if we are united with his Son." +Here "life" stands for the right to live forever by God's grace and love. See how you translated this in [1 John 1:1-2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## He who has the Son has life ## +# this life is in his Son -This could be translated "He who believes in Jesus has eternal life." \ No newline at end of file +"this life is through his Son" or "we will live forever if we are joined with his Son" or "we will live forever if we are united with his Son" + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# The one who has the Son has life. The one who does not have the Son of God does not have life + +Being in a close relationship to the Son is spoken of as having the Son. AT: "He who believes in the Son of God has eternal life. He who does not believe in the Son of God does not have eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/13.md b/1jn/05/13.md index 1e2299ccf1..be996d29b6 100644 --- a/1jn/05/13.md +++ b/1jn/05/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## These things ## +# General Information: -"This letter" +This begins the end of John's letter. He tells his readers the last purpose for his letter and gives them some final teachings. -## to you who believe on the name of the Son of God ## +# these things -The word "name" refers to the Son of God. Alternate translation: "to you who trust in the Son of God." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"this letter" -## And this is the confidence which we have before him ## +# to you who believe in the name of the Son of God -"And because we trust in the Son of God we can be sure of this" +Here "name" is a metonym for the Son of God. AT: "to you who trust in the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## if we ask according to his will ## +# Son of God -"if we ask for the things that the Son of God desires" +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## we know that we have the petitions which we have asked of him ## +# life -"we know that we will receive what we asked from him" \ No newline at end of file +Here "life" stands for the right to live forever by God's grace and love. See how you translated this in [1 John 1:1-2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# this is the confidence we have before him, that + +The abstract noun "confidence" can be stated as "confident." AT: "we are confident in God's presence because we know that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# if we ask anything according to his will + +"if we ask for the things that God desires" + +# we know that we have whatever we have asked of him + +"we know that we will receive that for which we have asked God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/16.md b/1jn/05/16.md index 846b2e156c..c070a96f8c 100644 --- a/1jn/05/16.md +++ b/1jn/05/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## brother ## +# brother -"fellow believer." +"fellow believer" -## God will give him life ## +# life -“life” here refers to eternal life. \ No newline at end of file +Here "life" stands for the right to live forever by God's grace and love. See how you translated this in [1 John 1:1-2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# death + +This refers to eternal death, that is, eternity spent away from God's presence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/18.md b/1jn/05/18.md index ee79a1f008..3789a43907 100644 --- a/1jn/05/18.md +++ b/1jn/05/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## We know that ## +# Connecting Statement: -"We" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +John closes his letter, reviewing what he has said about the new nature of believers, which cannot sin, and reminds them to keep themselves from idols. -## does not sin ## +# the whole world -"does not habitually sin." (UDB) +Here "world" is a way in which some biblical writers refer to the people living in the world who are in rebellion against God and to the world system that is affected in every way by the corrupting power of sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## whole world lies ## +# lies in the evil one -"World" is a metonymy which refers to the world system ruled by Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## in the evil one ## - -"Evil one" is a metonymy which refers to Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## and the whole world lies in the evil one ## - -This can be translated “Satan controls all the unbelievers in the world.” \ No newline at end of file +Here "evil one" represents the power of the evil one. AT: "is in the power of the evil one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/20.md b/1jn/05/20.md index 9d25d13dd4..764051acbc 100644 --- a/1jn/05/20.md +++ b/1jn/05/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## we know ## +# General Information: -"We" refers to all believers. +The word "He" refers to Jesus Christ. -## given us understanding ## +# Son of God -"Has enabled us to understand the truth." (UDB) +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## we know him who is true, ## +# has given us understanding -"him" refers to God the Father. +"has enabled us to understand the truth" -## we are in him ## +# life -See how this was translated in [1 John 2:4](../02/04.md). +Here "life" stands for the right to live forever by God's grace and love. See how you translated this in [1 John 1:1-2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Dear children ## +# He is the true God -See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +"Jesus is truly God" + +# He is ... eternal life + +This stands for the thought that Christ gives us eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Children + +John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "My dear children in Christ" or "You who are as dear to me as my own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/05/intro.md b/1jn/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a68ebc2215 --- /dev/null +++ b/1jn/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# 1 John 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Christian living ##### +There is a close connection in this chapter between Christians' confession of faith in Jesus and the way they live their lives. Believing in Jesus requires one to live a godly life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Death ##### +John's usage of death in this chapter always references physical death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]]) + +##### "We know that we are from God, and we know that the whole world lies in the evil one." ##### +Satan, the evil one, is the ruler of this world, but ultimately God is in control over everything. Scripture describes Satan as the "prince" of this world and God as the "king" of all of creation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 John 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/front/intro.md b/1jn/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7e754ce3cf --- /dev/null +++ b/1jn/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +# Introduction to 1 John # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 1 John #### + +1. Introduction (1:1-4) +1. Christian living (1:5-3:10) +1. The command to love one another (3:11-5:12) +1. Conclusion (5:13-21) + +#### What is the Book of 1 John about? #### + +John wrote this letter to Christians at a time when the church was having trouble with people who denied the basic doctrines of the Christian faith. John's purpose in writing this letter was to prevent believers from sinning, to protect believers from false teaching, and to assure believers that they are saved. This, John explains, would make his joy complete. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "1 John" or "First John." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The First Letter From John" or "The First Letter John Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of 1 John? #### + +The letter of 1 John was written by the Apostle John, probably near the end of his life. John does not identify himself as the author, but the first chapter shows that he was an eyewitness to the life and resurrection of Jesus. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Who were the people that John spoke against? #### + +It is possible that the people John spoke against were those who would eventually become known as Gnostics. These people believed that Jesus was God, but that he was not really a human with a physical body on earth. The reason for their belief was their view that the physical world was evil. John writes this letter to assure his readers that he was a true eyewitness to the life of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why are the many references in 1 John to "remaining" and "reside" important? #### + +This language often expresses the idea of people residing somewhere, or often of something existing in a certain place. Jesus' words are said to "remain" in Christians; Christians are said to "remain" in Christ and in God, and also in Jesus' love. The Father is said to "remain" in the Son, and the Son is said to "remain" in the Father and also in the believers. The Holy Spirit is also said to "remain" in the believers. + +Many translators will find it impossible to represent these ideas in their languages in exactly the same way. John intends to express the idea of the Christian being spiritually together with Jesus. For example, "He who says he remains in God" (1 John 2:6) often must be expressed in a different manner. The UDB says, "If we say that we are in union with God," but translators will often have to find other expressions that communicate well. + +In the passage, "the word of God remains in you" (1 John 2:13), the UDB expresses this idea as, "you continue to obey what God commands." Many translators will find it possible to use this translation as a model. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 John? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of 1 John: + +* "And we are writing these things so that our joy may be complete." (1:4) The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older versions have, "And we are writing these things to you so that your joy may be complete." +* "And you all know the truth." (2:20) The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have either this reading or the following reading: "And you all have knowledge." Some older versions have, "and you know all things." +* "and this is what we are!" (3:1). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older manuscripts omit this phrase. +* "and every spirit that does not acknowledge Jesus is not of God." (4:3) The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older manuscripts read, "and every spirit that does not acknowledge that Jesus has come in the flesh is not of God." +* "For there are three that bear witness in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one. And there are three that bear witness on earth: the Spirit, the water, and the blood; and these three are as one." (5:7-8). The ULB, UDB, and most other versions do not have this reading. Translators are advised not to translate this material. However, if older Bible versions exist in their region have it, it is not wrong to translate it. If it is translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is not original to the Book of 1 John. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/01.md b/1ki/01/01.md index c1c8eaad6f..2581ea1155 100644 --- a/1ki/01/01.md +++ b/1ki/01/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## old and advanced in years ## +# covered him with blankets -"very old" (see UDB). The two phrases are similar in meaning and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]].) +They put many blankets on King David to try to keep him warm. -## covered him with clothes ## +# old and advanced in years -They put many blankets on King David to try to keep him warm. \ No newline at end of file +"very old." The two phrases are similar in meaning and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]].) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/03.md b/1ki/01/03.md index 041e20c352..58347c2e68 100644 --- a/1ki/01/03.md +++ b/1ki/01/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## So they searched ## +# So they searched "So the king's servants searched" -## within all the borders of Israel ## +# within all the borders of Israel -"in all of Israel" or "throughout Israel" +This is a generalization. AT: "all over the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Abishag the Shunammite ## +# Abishag -"Abishag from Shunem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shunamite ## +# Shunammite -a person from the city of Shunem +a person from the city of Shunem (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the king ## +# the king "King David" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/05.md b/1ki/01/05.md index b4ac3062a6..bf6ff407b6 100644 --- a/1ki/01/05.md +++ b/1ki/01/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Adonijah the son of Haggith ## +# Adonijah son of Haggith -Haggith was a wife of David. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Haggith was a wife of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## horsemen ## +# exalted himself + +"began to boast" + +# horsemen These are men who drive chariots pulled by horses. -## had never troubled him saying, "Why have you done this or that?" ## +# fifty men to run ahead of him -"had never rebuked him" or "had never taught him how to behave" +These men would go ahead of the chariots to clear the way for them and protect them. -## born next after Absalom ## +# had never troubled him, saying -Absalom was the older brother of Adonijah. \ No newline at end of file +"had never troubled him. He had never even asked him" or "had never wanted to make him angry, so he never even asked him" + +# Why have you done this or that? + +This is a rhetorical question that a father would ask to discipline his son. AT: "You should know that what you have done is wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# born next after Absalom + +David was the father or both Absalom and Adonijah, but they had different mothers. Absalom was born, then Adonijah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/07.md b/1ki/01/07.md index a40576499c..d792be0436 100644 --- a/1ki/01/07.md +++ b/1ki/01/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## He conferred with Joab ## +# He conferred with Joab "Adonijah discussed his plans with Joab" -## Joab, Zeruiah, Abiathar, Zadok, Benaiah, Jehoiada, Nathan, Shimei, Rei ## +# Joab ... Zeruiah ... Abiathar ... Adonijah ... Zadok ... Benaiah ... Jehoiada ... Nathan ... Shimei ... Rei -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## followed Adonijah and helped him ## +# followed Adonijah and helped him -"supported and helped Adonijah" or AT: "promised to support and help Adonijah" \ No newline at end of file +"supported and helped Adonijah" or "promised to support and help Adonijah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/09.md b/1ki/01/09.md index 491d7d87ee..6370fbe7bf 100644 --- a/1ki/01/09.md +++ b/1ki/01/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## fattened calves ## +# fattened calves "calves that were given plenty of food so that they would be fat" or "young cows that were specially prepared for sacrifice" -## stone of Zoheleth ## +# stone of Zoheleth -This is a rocky area near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]].) +This is a rocky area near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Enrogel ## +# En Rogel -This was the name of a spring where people got water. +This was the name of a spring where people got water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## all his brothers, the king's sons ## +# all his brothers ... all the men -These phrases refer to the same people. +This is a generalization. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## men of Judah, the king's servants ## +# all his brothers, the king's sons -These phrases refer to the same people. \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases refer to the same people. + +# men of Judah, the king's servants + +These two phrases refer to the same people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/11.md b/1ki/01/11.md index 0b07e26ed7..3f2aff9d3a 100644 --- a/1ki/01/11.md +++ b/1ki/01/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Have you not heard ## +# Have you not heard ... it? -The purpose of this question is to introduce the information that Nathan wants to tell Bathsheba. AT: "Apparently you have not heard" or "Have you heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The purpose of this question is to introduce the information that Nathan wants to tell Bathsheba. AT: "You do not seem to have heard ... it." or "Have you heard ... it?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## that Adonijah the son of Haggith has become king? ## +# that Adonijah son of Haggith has become king -AT: "that Haggith's son Adonijah is trying to become king?" +"that Haggith's son Adonijah is trying to become king" -## Haggith ## +# Haggith -Adonijah's mother \ No newline at end of file +Adonijah's mother and a wife of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/13.md b/1ki/01/13.md index 00f3ff7f7d..72aa7a1bef 100644 --- a/1ki/01/13.md +++ b/1ki/01/13.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The prophet Nathan continues to speak to Bathsheba. -## did you not swear to your servant ## +# did you not swear to your servant ... throne? -The purpose of this question was to remind David of what he had promised Bathsheba. AT: "you swore to your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The purpose of this question was to remind David of what he had promised Bathsheba. AT: "you swore to your servant ... throne." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to your servant + +Bathsheba speaks to David as if she were someone else to show that she respects David. AT: "to me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# he will sit on my throne + +Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. AT: "he will be king just as I was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Why then is Adonijah reigning? + +Bathsheba was to use a question so David would pay attention. AT: "So then, Adonijah should not be reigning." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# confirm your words + +"tell him that what you have said is true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/15.md b/1ki/01/15.md index fe85ad67a7..38cf80d5a6 100644 --- a/1ki/01/15.md +++ b/1ki/01/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Abishag the Shunammite ## +# the king's room + +"the room in which the king slept" + +# Abishag the Shunammite This is the young virgin that King David's servants had brought to care for him. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 1:3](./03.md). -## bowed and prostrated herself before the king ## +# bowed and prostrated herself before the king "bowed close to the ground in front of the king" -## what do you desire? ## +# What do you desire? -"what can I do for you?" +"What can I do for you?" -## you swore to... ## +# you swore to -The form of "you" here is emphatic. AT: "you yourself swore to..." +The form of "you" here is emphatic. AT: "you yourself swore to" -## he shall sit on my throne ## +# your servant -"he will be the king" \ No newline at end of file +Bathsheba speaks as if she were another person to show David that she respects him. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 1:13](./13.md). AT: "me, your servant" + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# he shall sit on my throne + +Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 1:13](./13.md). AT: "he will be king just as I was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/18.md b/1ki/01/18.md index 1a85931907..4136f0ac41 100644 --- a/1ki/01/18.md +++ b/1ki/01/18.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Bathsheba continues speaking to King David. -## oxen, fatted calves, and sheep in abundance ## +# see + +"pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# oxen, fatted calves, and sheep in abundance "many oxen, fatted calves, and sheep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/20.md b/1ki/01/20.md index 65de1a7e2a..a38b703043 100644 --- a/1ki/01/20.md +++ b/1ki/01/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Bathsheba continues to speak to King David. -## the eyes of all Israel are on you ## +# the eyes of all Israel are on you, waiting -AT: "All the people of Israel are watching you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]].) +Here "eyes" refers to the people. Here "the eyes ... are on you" is an idiom that means the people are waiting expectantly. AT: "all the people of Israel are waiting expectantly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## sleeps with his fathers ## +# will sit on the throne -This is a polite way of referring to his death. AT: "dies" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:13](./13.md). AT: "will be king" + +# when my master the king sleeps with his fathers + +Bathsheba speaks to King David as if she were speaking about him to show that she respects him. AT: "when you sleep with your fathers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# sleeps with his fathers + +This is a polite way of saying "dies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# I and my son Solomon will be regarded as criminals + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the new king will regard my son Solomon and me as criminals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/22.md b/1ki/01/22.md index 3beca78eb3..ca2c7b93b7 100644 --- a/1ki/01/22.md +++ b/1ki/01/22.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Nathan the prophet speaks to King David. -## prostrated himself ## +# prostrated himself "bowed very low" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/24.md b/1ki/01/24.md index 5c419ccdd3..64540375e1 100644 --- a/1ki/01/24.md +++ b/1ki/01/24.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Nathan the prophet continues to speak to King David. -## eating and drinking before him ## +# have you said, 'Adonijah will reign after me, and he will sit on my throne?' -The supporters of Adonijah were having a feast or party with him to celebrate that he was becoming king. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "have you said that Adonijah will reign after you, and he will sit on your throne?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# he will sit on my throne + +Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 1:13](./13.md). AT: "he will be king just as I was" + +# eating and drinking before him + +Adonijah probably sat at a table where he could watch all those he had invited as they ate and drank. The main idea is that the people Nathan named were with Adonijah and they were celebrating together. AT: "eating and drinking with him" or "eating and drinking where he can see them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/26.md b/1ki/01/26.md index 3ae9062077..a94f269e59 100644 --- a/1ki/01/26.md +++ b/1ki/01/26.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Nathan the prophet continues to speak to King David. -## sit on the throne ## +# Has my master the king done this without telling us, your servants, who should sit on the throne after him? -"become king" (UDB); (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). \ No newline at end of file +Nathan refers to David in the third person. This is a way of showing respect to the king. It can be stated in second person. AT: "Have you, my master the king, done this without telling us, your servants, who should sit on the throne after you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# who should sit on the throne + +Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:13](./13.md). AT: "who would be king after him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/28.md b/1ki/01/28.md index 8c49a3ca5b..a44c5cf1b7 100644 --- a/1ki/01/28.md +++ b/1ki/01/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + King David makes a promise to Bathsheba. -## came into the king's presence ## +# came into the king's presence -AT: "came before the king" or "came back to the king" +"came before the king" or "came back to the king" -## made an oath ## +# made an oath "made a solemn promise" -## May my master King David live forever! ## +# he will sit on my throne in my place -Bathsheba knew David would not live forever; this is a way of saying that he is a good king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]].) \ No newline at end of file +Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:13](./13.md). AT: "he will take my place and be king just as I was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May my master King David live forever + +Bathsheba knew David would not live forever; this is a way of saying that he is a good king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/32.md b/1ki/01/32.md index 917b71a8be..139b5e168f 100644 --- a/1ki/01/32.md +++ b/1ki/01/32.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + King David anoints Solomon king. -## the servants of me ## +# the servants of your master -"my servants" +David speaks of himself as if he were speaking of someone else so Zadok, Nathan, and Benaiah would remember that David is still king. AT: "my servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## Gihon ## +# Gihon -This is the name of a water spring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]].) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a water spring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/35.md b/1ki/01/35.md index 0b7e5f7681..002def79a1 100644 --- a/1ki/01/35.md +++ b/1ki/01/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + King David continues to speak on behalf of Solomon as the one who will become king. -## So let it be! ## +# he will come and sit on my throne -They agree and will do what King David said. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/amen]]) +The words "sit on the throne" are used as a metonym for being king in [1 Kings 1:13](./13.md), [1 Kings 1:17](./15.md), and [1 Kings 1:30](./28.md). Here David speaks of Solomon literally sitting on a physical throne. -## make his throne greater than the throne of my master King David ## +# So let it be! -"make his power greater than King David's power" or "make his kingdom greater than King David's kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]].) \ No newline at end of file +They agree and will do what King David said. + +# May Yahweh, the God of my master the king, confirm + +Benaiah speaks to King David as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects King David. AT: "My master and king, may Yahweh your God confirm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# has been with my master the king, so + +Benaiah speaks to King David as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects King David. AT: "has been with you, my master the king, so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# make his throne greater than the throne of my master King David + +The word "throne" is a metonym for either 1) the person who sits on the throne. AT: "make the one who sits on the throne greater than my master King David" or 2) the kingdom over which the one who sits on the throne rules. AT: "make his kingdom greater than the kingdom of my master King David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the throne of my master King David + +Benaiah speaks to King David as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects King David. AT: "your throne, my master King David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/38.md b/1ki/01/38.md index 9a0edfdde5..30704de935 100644 --- a/1ki/01/38.md +++ b/1ki/01/38.md @@ -1 +1,23 @@ -The people of Israel anoint Solomon as king over Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The people of Israel anoint Solomon as king over Israel. + +# Kerethites ... Pelethites + +These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gihon + +This is the name of a spring, where fresh water comes out of the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# took the horn of oil out of the tent + +This means the priest took the special animal horn filled with olive oil that was kept in Yahweh's special tent. + +# took the horn of oil + +Possible meanings are 1) the horn of an animal filled with olive oil or 2) a container that had replaced the original horn, but the people still called it a horn. AT: "took a container of oil" + +# all the people + +This is a generalization. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/41.md b/1ki/01/41.md index a290182b78..c998aec6f2 100644 --- a/1ki/01/41.md +++ b/1ki/01/41.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Adonijah hears the loud noise and waits for the news. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/43.md b/1ki/01/43.md index bc8439e6cf..581a7baaab 100644 --- a/1ki/01/43.md +++ b/1ki/01/43.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Adonijah learns that Solomon is the new king. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Adonijah learns that Solomon is the new king. + +# Kerethites ... Pelethites + +These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/46.md b/1ki/01/46.md index 23ca667c11..7cb286cf77 100644 --- a/1ki/01/46.md +++ b/1ki/01/46.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Jonathan continues to speak to Adonijah about Solomon. -## sitting on the throne of the kingdom ## +# is sitting on the throne of the kingdom -This is another way of saying that Solomon is king (See: UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](./35.md). AT: "is now king" or 2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a person to sit on my throne this day + +Possible meanings are 1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](./35.md). AT: "a person to be king today as I was" or 2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/49.md b/1ki/01/49.md index 1e6f86c793..a96f02e45a 100644 --- a/1ki/01/49.md +++ b/1ki/01/49.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Adonijah becomes terrified of King Solomon. -## Adonijah ... took hold of the horns of the altar ## +# They stood up -The "horns of the altar" symbolized the strength and protection of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Another possible meaning is "They began to act quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Adonijah ... took hold of the horns of the altar + +The "horns of the altar" symbolized the strength and protection of Yahweh, but because Adonijah literally went into the area of the physical tent to take literal hold of the physical horns, you should translate this literally. + +# Adonijah ... rose up, went + +Another possible meaning is "Adonijah ... quickly went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# is afraid of King Solomon + +The servants speak to King Solomon as if they were speaking of someone else to show that they respected King Solomon. AT: "is afraid of you, King Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# he will not kill his servant + +Adonijah speaks of himself as if he were speaking of another person so people will think that he respects King Solomon. AT: "he will not kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/52.md b/1ki/01/52.md index 9da8432255..de5e183b44 100644 --- a/1ki/01/52.md +++ b/1ki/01/52.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Solomon spares the life of Adonijah. -## not a hair of his will fall ## +# not a hair of his will fall to the earth -"not a hair of his head will fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an exaggeration to say that Solomon will keep Adonijah safe. AT: "not a hair of his head will fall" or "I will keep him safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# wickedness is found in him + +The abstract noun "wickedness" can be translated as a verb. It is spoken of as if it were an object that could be found in a container. This can be translated in active form. AT: "he does what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/intro.md b/1ki/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a445e192af --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# 1 Kings 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +1 Kings is a continuation of 2 Samuel. + +This chapter records the beginning of the reign of Solomon (chapters 1-11) after the death of David. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +== The next king == +David did not announce who was to succeed him. Because of this, there was fighting between David's sons over who should be king. Adonijah invited guests to a banquet and declared himself king. Then those favoring Solomon told David and he declared Solomon the new king. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### +Several times in this chapter, the people use the idiom "sit on the throne" to mean "be king." Solomon assures Adonijah that if he behaves himself "not a hair of his will fall to the earth," meaning "he will not be harmed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[1 Kings intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/01.md b/1ki/02/01.md index fc40f9b883..33c916f070 100644 --- a/1ki/02/01.md +++ b/1ki/02/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## walk in his ways ## +# I am going the way of all the earth -"live the way he commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is a polite way of saying "I am going to die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## prosper ## +# show yourself a man + +The ellipsis can be filled in. AT: "show everyone that you are a man" or "live so that everyone can see you are a good man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# walk in his ways + +Walking on a path is a metonym for the way a person lives. AT: "live the way he commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# prosper "succeed" or "do well" -## with all their heart and with all their soul ## +# may fulfill his word -These phrases mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"do everything he promised he would do" -## you will never cease to have a man on the throne of Israel ## +# If your sons ... you will never cease -AT: "one of your descendants will always be the king of Israel"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is talking to David, so the words "you" and "your" refer to David. + +# to walk before me faithfully + +Yahweh is talking to David, so the word "me" refers to Yahweh. + +# with all their heart and with all their soul + +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all ... being." These two phrases have similar meanings. AT: "with all their being" or "with all their energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# you will never cease to have a man on the throne of Israel + +The word "throne" is a metonym for the king who sits on the throne. The litotes "will never cease to have" can be stated positively. AT: "your descendants will never cease to be kings of Israel" or "one of your descendants will always be the king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/05.md b/1ki/02/05.md index fc4507f899..30c377418d 100644 --- a/1ki/02/05.md +++ b/1ki/02/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel. -## shed the blood of war in peace ## +# what Joab ... did to me, and what he did -AT: "murdered two men during a time of peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +David is referring to the same thing twice. AT: "what Joab ... did to me—that is, what he did" -## on the belt around his waist and in the shoes on his feet ## +# shed the blood of war in peace -Joab's belt (where his sword was attached) and his shoes (for marching) symbolize his military rank. These are stained with the blood of the men he murdered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "killed those men during a time of peace as if he were killing them in war" or 2) "took revenge on those men during a time of peace because they had killed people in war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## do not let his gray head go down to the grave in peace ## +# put the blood of war on the belt around his waist and on the shoes on his feet -The language here implies that Joab should die a violent death and not be allowed to grow old (See UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Joab was close enough to these men when he killed them that their blood spattered on his belt and on his sandals or 2) the word "blood" is a metonym for guilt of murder, and the belt and the shoes are metonyms for Joab's authority as commander, so David is saying that because Joab is guilty of murder, he should not be commander of the army. Either way, it is best to translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do not let his gray head go down to the grave in peace + +Here being old is represented by having gray hair, that is, a "gray head." AT: "make sure Joab dies a violent death before he grows old." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/07.md b/1ki/02/07.md index 8ab22c3164..1f080dca83 100644 --- a/1ki/02/07.md +++ b/1ki/02/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel. -## Barzillai ## +# Barzillai -A Hebrew man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## let them be among those who eat at your table ## +# let them be among those who eat at your table -AT: "welcome them to eat at your home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The table is a metonym for the home where the table is. AT: "welcome them to eat at your home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/08.md b/1ki/02/08.md index 3e3a2625c7..31782a0ec1 100644 --- a/1ki/02/08.md +++ b/1ki/02/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel. -## Gera, Benjamite, Bahurim, Mahanaim ## +# Shimei ... Gera -These are all Hebrew men's names. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## do not let him go free from punishment ## +# Benjamite -AT: "be sure to punish him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +descendant of Benjamin -## bring his gray head down to the grave with blood ## +# Bahurim ... Mahanaim -AT: "Make sure he dies a violent death"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +place names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# do not let him go free from punishment + +This can be expressed positively. AT: "be sure to punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# bring his gray head down to the grave with blood + +Blood is a metonym for violent death, and the head is synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "make sure he dies a violent death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/10.md b/1ki/02/10.md index ab770a0080..b6f792dd5c 100644 --- a/1ki/02/10.md +++ b/1ki/02/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -David dies and Solomon takes his place as the new King of Israel. +# General Information: -## slept with his ancestors ## +David dies and Solomon takes his place as the new king of Israel. -"died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +# slept with his ancestors -## sat on the throne of his father David ## +David dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -A throne represents the authority of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# David ... and was buried + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "David ... and they buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The days that David reigned over Israel were + +"The time that David reigned over Israel was" or "David reigned over Israel for" + +# sat on the throne of his father David + +The throne represents the authority of the king. AT: "became king, as his father David had been" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his rule was firmly established + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh firmly established Solomon's rule" or "Yahweh caused Solomon to take complete control of the kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/13.md b/1ki/02/13.md index ad2c35af1c..1f129e0fea 100644 --- a/1ki/02/13.md +++ b/1ki/02/13.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Adonijah comes to speak to Bathsheba. -## peacefully ## +# peacefully -AT: "with no desire to cause harm" \ No newline at end of file +"with no desire to cause harm" + +# all Israel + +This is a generalization. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# things changed + +"what we expected to happen did not happen" + +# the kingdom was given to my brother + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh gave the kingdom to my brother" or "my brother became king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/16.md b/1ki/02/16.md index 5e6804e76b..552d5f9334 100644 --- a/1ki/02/16.md +++ b/1ki/02/16.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Adonijah shares his request with Bathsheba. -## Abishag the Shunammite ## +# do not turn away from my face ... he will not turn away from your face + +Turning from the face of someone is a metonym for refusing to look at someone, which in turn is a metonym for refusing to do what that person requests. AT: "do not refuse to do what I request ... he will not refuse to do what you request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Abishag the Shunammite (See: [1 Kings 1:3](../01/03.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/19.md b/1ki/02/19.md index 077bb13ee9..adb9467841 100644 --- a/1ki/02/19.md +++ b/1ki/02/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Bathsheba goes to King Solomon with Adonijah's request. -## had a throne brought ## +# The king rose -AT: "told someone to bring a throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"The king stood up" from where he was sitting on his throne. -## I will not refuse you ## +# had a throne brought -AT: "I will give you what you ask for" or "I will do what you ask" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "told someone to bring a throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the king's mother + +Bathsheba + +# you will not turn away from my face ... I will not turn away from your face + +Turning from the face of someone is a metonym for refusing to look at someone, which in turn is a metonym for refusing to do what that person requests. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 2:16-17](./16.md). AT: "you will not refuse to do what I request ... I will not refuse to do what you request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah ... as his wife + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Allow Adonijah ... to marry Abishag the Shunammite" or "Give Abishag the Shunammite to Adonijah ... as his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/22.md b/1ki/02/22.md index 998dba1aee..4e94e0a769 100644 --- a/1ki/02/22.md +++ b/1ki/02/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + King Solomon gives an answer to Adonijah's request. -## Why do you ask … Why do you not ask the kingdom for him also… ? ## +# Why do you ask ... Adonijah? Why do you not ask the kingdom for him also ... Zeruiah? -King Solomon was angered by his mother's request and answers her in a question. AT: "I suppose I should allow him to rule the kingdom too!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +King Solomon was angered by his mother's request. AT: "You are wrong to ask ... Adonijah! This is the same as asking the kingdom for him also ... Zeruiah!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Adonijah has not spoken this word against his own life. ## +# May God do so to me, and more also, if Adonijah has not spoken this word against his own life -AT: "for Adonijah has put his own life in danger by making this request." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "God will have every right to execute me—and to do even worse things to me—if I do not execute Adonijah because he has made this request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/24.md b/1ki/02/24.md index ec2db6ad58..4066324b7f 100644 --- a/1ki/02/24.md +++ b/1ki/02/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + King Solomon executes Adonijah. -## set me on the throne ## +# set me on the throne The word "throne" refers to Solomon's authority to rule that was given by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## who has made me a house ## +# who has made me a house -Here "house" refers to descendants that Yahweh gave to King Solomon, that would continue to reign after him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "house" refers to descendants that Yahweh gave to King Solomon, who would continue to reign after him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/26.md b/1ki/02/26.md index 79eed51ba9..0bb6b8b729 100644 --- a/1ki/02/26.md +++ b/1ki/02/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Abiathar is dismissed from the priesthood by Solomon. +# General Information: -## suffered in every way my father suffered ## +Solomon dismisses Abiathar from being priest. + +# suffered in every way my father suffered Abiathar had suffered alongside King David before David became king. -## that he might fulfill ## +# that he might fulfill The word "he" refers to King Solomon. -## which he had spoken ## +# the word of Yahweh + +"the things that Yahweh had said" + +# which he had spoken The word "he" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/28.md b/1ki/02/28.md index bd54ba8d51..b1233ab33a 100644 --- a/1ki/02/28.md +++ b/1ki/02/28.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + King Solomon orders Benaiah to execute Joab. -## The news came to Joab ## +# The news came to Joab -AT: Joab heard what Solomon did after he had become king. +"Joab heard what Solomon did after he had become king" -## Joab took hold of the horns of the altar ## +# the horns of the altar -The horns of the altar symbolized Yahweh's power and protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The horns of the altar symbolized Yahweh's power and protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It was told King Solomon that Joab had fled + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone told King Solomon that Joab had fled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/30.md b/1ki/02/30.md index 194cc2387e..507c0761b3 100644 --- a/1ki/02/30.md +++ b/1ki/02/30.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Benaiah goes to execute Joab. -## take away from me and from my father's house the blood which Joab shed without cause ## +# bury him so that you may take away from me and from my father's house the blood that Joab shed without cause -Here "house" stands for the descendants of David while "blood" represents guilt. AT: "remove the guilt for the murders Joab committed from me and my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "house" stands for the descendants of David while "blood" represents guilt. AT: "bury him and so remove from me and my family the guilt for the murders Joab committed without cause" or "bury him. Do that so Yahweh will not hold me and my father's house guilty because Joab murdered people for no reason" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/32.md b/1ki/02/32.md index c57319ceb6..012eda7280 100644 --- a/1ki/02/32.md +++ b/1ki/02/32.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + King Solomon explains why Joab should die. -## May Yahweh return his blood on his own head ## +# May Yahweh return his blood on his own head -The word "his" refers to Joab. "Blood" refers to guilt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "his" refers to Joab. "Blood" is a metonym for murder. And, the idiom "his blood on his own head" means the person should be considered guilty for murder. AT: "Joab has murdered people, and I want Yahweh to hold him guilty for what he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## more righteous and better ## +# more righteous and better -Both words are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Abner and Amasa were much better men than Joab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the head of Joab and his descendants ## +# may their blood return on the head of Joab and on the head of his descendants -This is using "head" to describe the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "blood" is a metonym for murder. And, the idiom "blood return on the head of" means the person should be considered guilty for murder. AT: "I want Yahweh to hold Joab and his descendants guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and to his house and to his throne ## +# to his house, and to his throne -Here "house" and "throne" represent David's "descendants" and David's "rule." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "house" and "throne" are metonyms for the family and the kingdom. AT: "to David's descendants and to David's kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/34.md b/1ki/02/34.md index 219a3268ff..dbe00174ea 100644 --- a/1ki/02/34.md +++ b/1ki/02/34.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Benaiah kills Joab and becomes the commander of King Solomon's army. -## He was buried in his own house ## +# He was buried in his own house -"Joab was buried in his own house" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "They buried Joab in his own house" + +# in his own house + +The house is a metonym for the land on which the house stood. The Israelites buried people out of doors in graves or tombs. AT: "where his family lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/36.md b/1ki/02/36.md index fab63ace4f..56603ae3a4 100644 --- a/1ki/02/36.md +++ b/1ki/02/36.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + King Solomon tells Shimei to stay in Jerusalem or Shimei will die. -## Your blood will be on your own head ## +# Your blood will be on your own head -Here "blood" represents guilt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "blood" is a metonym for guilt and the head is a metonym for the person. AT: "You will be responsible for your own death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/39.md b/1ki/02/39.md index 2e46fd065f..d683d08d92 100644 --- a/1ki/02/39.md +++ b/1ki/02/39.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Shimei leaves Jerusalem. -## Achish, Maacah, Gath ## +# Achish ... Maacah ... Gath -Achish and Maacah are men's names; Gath is the name of a Philistine city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gath + +a Philistine city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shimei arose + +This is an idiom. "Shimei quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/41.md b/1ki/02/41.md index d6c02d4bcc..7289854b3a 100644 --- a/1ki/02/41.md +++ b/1ki/02/41.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + King Solomon judges Shimei for leaving Jerusalem. -## Know for certain that on the day ... you will surely die? ## +# Solomon was told -The writer presents this remark in the form of a question in order to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone told Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Did I not make you swear ... saying, 'Know ... die'? + +Solomon is reminding Shimei of what Shimei had promised. AT: "You know very well that I made you swear ... saying, 'Know ... die'!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/43.md b/1ki/02/43.md index 704e1e5a51..6adb9122fa 100644 --- a/1ki/02/43.md +++ b/1ki/02/43.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + King Solomon pronounces judgment upon Shimei for leaving Jerusalem. -## on your own head ## +# Why then have you not kept your oath ... you? -AT: "on you"; Here "head" refers to the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Solomon is asking for an answer or 2) AT: "You have done wrong by breaking your oath ... you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# will return your wickedness on your own head + +Here the head represents the person, and wickedness is spoken of as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put on a person's head. AT: "will hold you responsible for all your wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/45.md b/1ki/02/45.md index a71e894587..7be3ac344a 100644 --- a/1ki/02/45.md +++ b/1ki/02/45.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + King Solomon orders Shimei to be put to death. -## the throne of David will be established before Yahweh forever ## +# the throne of David will be established before Yahweh forever Here "throne of David" represents the authority and rule of David and all his descendants forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in Solomon's hand ## +# in Solomon's hand This use of "hand" represents Solomon's power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/02/intro.md b/1ki/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8bd4da76c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# 1 Kings 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter has two stories: David's last advice to Solomon and Solomon's punishment of those who supported Adonijah and also Shimei, who had cursed David when David was fleeing from Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Exalting oneself ##### +Exalting oneself can lead to disaster as when Adonijah made himself king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exalt]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Euphemism ##### +David spoke of his impending death using a euphemism: "I am going the way of all the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Parallelism ##### + +David wanted to emphasize the importance of obeying God to his son Solomon. He used parallelism, saying the same thing seven times using different words: "Keep the commands of Yahweh your God to walk in his ways, to obey his statutes, his commandments, his decisions, and his covenant decrees, being careful to do what is written in the law of Moses." Some languages have other ways of emphasizing an idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/01.md b/1ki/03/01.md index b019b1343b..b9b5dde9ed 100644 --- a/1ki/03/01.md +++ b/1ki/03/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Solomon marries an Egyptian. -## Solomon allied himself … with Pharaoh king of Egypt ## +# Solomon allied himself by marriage with Pharaoh king of Egypt -AT: ”Solomon established a relationship with Pharaoh.” +Solomon became the son-in-law of Pharaoh king of Egypt so the two kings would work together and fight together against their enemies. -## the house of Yahweh ## +# until he had finished building + +She was still in the city of David after he had finished building. + +# the house of Yahweh "the temple" -## the shrines ## +# no house had yet been built -“the places where people worship and make sacrifices to a god” \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one had yet built a house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the name of Yahweh + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person, and "for the name" refers to worshiping the person. AT: "in which people would worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# walking in the statutes of David his father + +How one lives one's life is spoken of as walking on a path. AT: "obeying the laws that David his father had made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/04.md b/1ki/03/04.md index 353b2f3a10..e5fa4810e7 100644 --- a/1ki/03/04.md +++ b/1ki/03/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + God asks Solomon what he can do for Solomon. -## the great shrine ## +# the great high place -AT: "the most famous place for makings sacrifices" or "the most important altar" +"the most famous place for makings sacrifices" or "the most important altar" -## Ask! What should I give you? ## +# Ask! What should I give you? -AT: “Ask me for whatever you want and I will give it to you” or “What do you want? Ask and I will give it to you” \ No newline at end of file +"Ask me for whatever you want and I will give it to you." or "What do you want? Ask and I will give it to you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/06.md b/1ki/03/06.md index 923e9b33c4..c41b391b56 100644 --- a/1ki/03/06.md +++ b/1ki/03/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Solomon responds to God's question. -## You have shown great covenant faithfulness ## +# You have shown great covenant faithfulness to your servant -AT: "You have been very faithful to your agreement" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "faithfully." AT: "You have been very faithful to your covenant with your servant" or "You have greatly and faithfully loved your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## because he walked before you in trustworthiness, in righteousness and in uprightness of heart ## +# because he walked before you in trustworthiness, in righteousness, and in uprightness of heart -AT: “because he was trustworthy, righteous and honest” +Walking is a metaphor for the way one lives. The abstract nouns "trustworthiness," "righteousness," and "uprightness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "because he was trustworthy and righteous, and his heart was upright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## to sit on his throne ## +# in uprightness of heart -AT: "to rule in his place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +A sincere person is spoken of as one whose heart is upright. AT: "he was sincere" or "he spoke the truth and did what was good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have given him a son + +The "son" is Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# to sit on his throne + +Sitting on the throne represents ruling as king. AT: "to rule in his place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# today + +"now." Solomon is speaking not of one day, but of the years he had already been ruling. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/07.md b/1ki/03/07.md index 91d4a30525..4df354827b 100644 --- a/1ki/03/07.md +++ b/1ki/03/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Solomon asks for wisdom. -## I am only a little child ## +# your servant -Solomon is saying that he is like a child who does know as much as a father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]].) +Solomon speaks as if he is another person to show respect to Yahweh. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## I do not know how to go out or come in ## +# I am only a little child -AT: "I do not know the right way to do things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) or "I do not know how to be the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Solomon is saying that he is like a child who does not know as much as a father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For who is able to judge this great people of yours? ## +# I do not know how to go out or come in -Solomon is asking a question where the answer is obvious. The answer is "no one." AT: "No one is able to judge this great people of yours"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]].) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that means Solomon does not know how to govern as king. AT: "I do not know how to be the king" or "I do not know the right way to do things as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For who is able to judge this great people of yours? + +Solomon asks a question to emphasize that he knows that no one can judge. AT: "No one is able to judge this great people of yours." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/10.md b/1ki/03/10.md index aae37a79d9..b460584df8 100644 --- a/1ki/03/10.md +++ b/1ki/03/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + God gives Solomon wisdom and more. -## the life of your enemies ## +# the life of your enemies -Solomon did not ask God to give him power over the life of his enemies. AT: "your enemies to be killed" or "the power to kill your enemies"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The "life" is a metonym for the power to kill. AT: "the power to kill your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you commanded me to do when you gave me your word ## +# now I will do all you asked of me when you gave me your request -AT: "you asked me to do when you spoke to me" \ No newline at end of file +"I will do what you asked me to do when you spoke with me" + +# I give you a wise and an understanding heart + +The heart is a metonym for what a person thinks and desires. AT: "I make you able to be wise and to understand many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/13.md b/1ki/03/13.md index ec95d6d080..5ed9311f46 100644 --- a/1ki/03/13.md +++ b/1ki/03/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## walk in my ways to keep ## +# walk in my ways to keep -"live as I want you to live and obey"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Living one's life is spoken of as walking on a path. AT: "live as I want you to live and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## lengthen your days ## +# lengthen your days -Days represent Solomon's life. AT: "make you live a long time"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"make you live a long time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/15.md b/1ki/03/15.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ef45f97026 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/03/15.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# behold + +The word "behold" here shows that Solomon saw something interesting. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/16.md b/1ki/03/16.md index 8c73bd017a..689e8defcd 100644 --- a/1ki/03/16.md +++ b/1ki/03/16.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Two prostitutes ask Solomon to make a decision. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/18.md b/1ki/03/18.md index 518af3c7be..650cec381a 100644 --- a/1ki/03/18.md +++ b/1ki/03/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + The two prostitutes tell Solomon their story. -## lay on him ## +# lay on him -AT: "accidentally rolled on top of her baby and smothered it" (See: UDB); (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It may be helpful to state that this caused the baby to die. AT: "accidentally rolled on top of her baby and smothered him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## smother ## +# your servant -(See: UDB) to die because breathing is not possible such as by covering the mouth \ No newline at end of file +The woman speaks as if she were speaking of someone else to show that she respects Solomon. AT: "I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/21.md b/1ki/03/21.md index 337cdd23f8..0d0e2890af 100644 --- a/1ki/03/21.md +++ b/1ki/03/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Two prostitutes continue to share their story with Solomon. -## nurse my child ## +# nurse my child This means to feed her baby milk from her breast. -## before the king ## +# before the king -"before Solomon" \ No newline at end of file +"before Solomon" or "while Solomon could see and hear them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/23.md b/1ki/03/23.md index 30d01583f6..af4be79518 100644 --- a/1ki/03/23.md +++ b/1ki/03/23.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Solomon makes a decision for the two women. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/26.md b/1ki/03/26.md index da5de66173..bff2050f39 100644 --- a/1ki/03/26.md +++ b/1ki/03/26.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + The real mother asks the king to spare the child's life. -## her heart was full of compassion for her son ## +# her heart was full of compassion for her son -AT: "she greatly loved her baby"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the woman having a lot of compassion as if her heart were a container and compassion were a solid object. AT: "she greatly loved her baby" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all Israel + +This is a generalization. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/03/intro.md b/1ki/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..788c02cab3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# 1 Kings 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter has two stories. Verses 1-15 is the story of Solomon's dream when God asked him what he wanted and he said he needed wisdom to be a good and fair ruler. Verses 16-28 is the story of a court case showing Solomon's wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wisdom ##### + +God was very pleased with Solomon's request for wisdom. This is because wisdom was something that he could use to serve other people instead of himself. Because this was a noble request, God promised Solomon wisdom, wealth, and fame. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### Putting the needs of others first ##### +There are two additional examples of people putting the needs of others in front of their own needs. God is pleased with people wanting to do their job well more than wanting to be blessed. A mother will put the life of her child above every other concern. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/01.md b/1ki/04/01.md index 1c9fb772d1..b25ec5a5f5 100644 --- a/1ki/04/01.md +++ b/1ki/04/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Solomon's Officials: +# General Information: -## Azariah, Zadok, Elihoreph, Ahijah, Shisha, Jehoshaphat, Ahilud, Benaiah, Jehoiada, Abiathar ## +This is the beginning of a list of Solomon's officials. -These are all men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Azariah ... Zadok ... Elihoreph ... Ahijah ... Shisha ... Jehoshaphat ... Ahilud ... Benaiah ... Jehoiada ... Abiathar + +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/05.md b/1ki/04/05.md index b713d19540..c53b310331 100644 --- a/1ki/04/05.md +++ b/1ki/04/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -More of Solomon's Officials: +# General Information: -## Azariah, Nathan, Zabud, Abishar, Adoniram, Abda ## +The list of Solomon's officials continues. -These are all men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Azariah ... Nathan ... Zabud ... Ahishar ... Adoniram ... Abda + +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the men who were subjected to forced labor + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the men whom Solomon forced to work for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/07.md b/1ki/04/07.md index 1946a0312f..2fbc8e2ef6 100644 --- a/1ki/04/07.md +++ b/1ki/04/07.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Continuation of Solomon's List of Officials: -## Ben Hur, Ephraim, Ben Deker, Makaz, Shaalbim … Socoh, Hepher ## +# Ben-Hur ... Ben-Deker ... Ben-Hesed -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Note that "Ben" before a name means "son of" so "Ben Hur" means "the son of Hur." \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. Note that "Ben" before a name means "son of" so "Ben-Hur" means "the son of Hur." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the hill country ... in Makaz ... in Arubboth + +"who was the official in charge of the hill country ... who was the official in charge of Makaz ... who was the official in charge of Arubboth" + +# Ephraim ... Makaz ... Shaalbim ... Beth Shemesh ... Elon Beth Hanan ... Arubboth ... Sokoh ... Hepher + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/11.md b/1ki/04/11.md index ffc426d623..5284f6b32b 100644 --- a/1ki/04/11.md +++ b/1ki/04/11.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Continuation of Solomon's Officials: +# Connecting Statement: -## Ben Adinadab, Dor, Taphath, Baana, Ahilud, Taanach … Iddo, Mahanaim ## +The list of Solomon's officials continues, and the list of the areas of which they were in charge begins. -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Note that "Ben" before a name means "son of" so "Ben Abinadab" means "the son of Abinadab." \ No newline at end of file +# Ben-Abinadab ... Ben-Geber ... Jair ... Manasseh ... Ahinadab ... Iddo + +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in all Naphoth Dor ... in Taanach ... in Ramoth Gilead ... in Mahanaim + +"who was the officer in charge of all Naphoth Dor ... who was the officer in charge of Taanach ... who was the officer in charge of Ramoth Gilead ... who was the officer in charge of Mahanaim" + +# Taphath + +woman's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Dor ... Beth Shan ... Zarethan ... Jezreel ... Beth Shan to Abel Meholah ... Jokmeam ... Ramoth Gilead ... Argob ... Bashan ... Mahanaim + +place names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/15.md b/1ki/04/15.md index 1bedc47543..0d1f7f1cdb 100644 --- a/1ki/04/15.md +++ b/1ki/04/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -This continues to list Solomon's Officials. +# General Information: -## Ahimaaz ## +The list of Solomon's officials and the areas of which they were in charge continues. -He was from the tribe of Naphtali and married Basemath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Ahimaaz ... Baana ... Hushai ... Jehoshaphat ... Paruah -## Baana ## +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -His father, Hushai was from the tribe of Asher and married Bealoth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# in Naphtali ... in Asher ... in Issachar -## Jehoshaphat ## +"who was the officer in charge of Naphtali ... who was the officer in charge of Asher ... who was the officer in charge of Issachar" -His father, Paruah, was from the tribe of Issachar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Basemath + +a woman's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Naphtali ... Asher ... Issachar + +tribal lands named after the sons of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bealoth + +name of a piece of land (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/18.md b/1ki/04/18.md index 6a9b80ecae..6aaa238ef5 100644 --- a/1ki/04/18.md +++ b/1ki/04/18.md @@ -1,5 +1,27 @@ -Continuation of Solomon's Officials: +# General Information: -## in the land ## +The list of Solomon's officials and the areas of which they were in charge continues. -Here "the land" refers to the land of Judah; the previous officials were over different parts of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# Shimei ... Ela ... Geber ... Uri ... Sihon ... Og + +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Benjamin + +tribal land named for a son of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gilead ... Bashan + +names of pieces of land (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the country of Sihon + +"the land that in earlier years belonged to Sihon" + +# Amorites + +the name of a people group (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the land + +Here "the land" refers to the land of Judah; the previous officials presided over different parts of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/20.md b/1ki/04/20.md index b5cf0f9cb3..7c80b354d6 100644 --- a/1ki/04/20.md +++ b/1ki/04/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## numerous as the sand by the sea ## +# Judah and Israel were as numerous as the sand by the sea -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The speaker uses exaggeration to say that there were so many people that it would be impossible to count them all. The words "Judah" and "Israel" are metonyms for the people who lived in Judah and Israel. AT: "There were as many people in Judah and Israel as there are grains of sand by the sea" or "there were more people in Judah and Israel than a person could count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the River ## +# the River -"Euphrates River" (See: UDB) +"the Euphrates River" -## land of the Philistines ## +# thirty cors -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/philistia]]) +A cor is a unit of dry measure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## thirty cors ## +# deer, gazelles, roebucks -A "cor" was a unit of dry measure that could be carried by one donkey. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +four-legged animals that run fast (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## deer, gazelles, roebucks ## +# deer -"three kinds of deer" \ No newline at end of file +more than one of these animals + +# fattened fowl + +"birds that people fed so they would become fat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/24.md b/1ki/04/24.md index 49aa5fea4a..bd8a4b5500 100644 --- a/1ki/04/24.md +++ b/1ki/04/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Tiphsah ## +# Tiphsah -This is present day northeastern Syria. +name of a piece of land -## Judah and Israel ## +# Judah and Israel -The names Judah and Israel are used to represent the people of Judah and Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The words "Judah" and "Israel" are metonyms for the people of Judah and Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## every man under his vine and under his fig tree ## +# every man under his vine and under his fig tree -AT: "each family had their own garden with grapevines and fig trees"; This showed that the people lived in safety and peace since they were not at war and had time to grow their gardens. +"each family had their own garden with grapevines and fig trees," This showed that the people lived in safety and peace, since they were not at war and had time to grow their gardens. -## from Dan to Beersheba ## +# from Dan to Beersheba -This represents the whole land of Israel from Dan in the north to Beersheba in the south. \ No newline at end of file +This represents the whole land of Israel from Dan in the north to Beersheba in the south. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/26.md b/1ki/04/26.md index d0c09c1b7b..b4a893a94b 100644 --- a/1ki/04/26.md +++ b/1ki/04/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## stalls of horses ## +# stalls of horses A stall is a place where an animal such as a horse is kept and cared for. -## they let nothing be lacking ## +# who came to King Solomon's table -AT: "they provided everything that Solomon needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +"who ate with King Solomon" or "whom King Solomon invited to eat with him" + +# every man in his month + +Solomon had assigned each of the 12 officials in [1 Kings 4:7-19](./07.md) to bring him food in a different month. + +# They let nothing be lacking + +This can be expressed positively. AT: "They provided everything that Solomon needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/29.md b/1ki/04/29.md index 47621cd2a1..513f20c96e 100644 --- a/1ki/04/29.md +++ b/1ki/04/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## wideness of understanding like the sand on the seashore ## +# God gave Solomon great wisdom and understanding -The extent of Solomon's understanding is compared to the grains of sand on the seashore, which cannot be counted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "understanding" can be translated as verbs. God giving him these things means that God enabled him to have these qualities. AT: "God enabled Solomon to be wise and to understand many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the people of the east ## +# wideness of understanding like the sand on the seashore + +Solomon was able to understand many things about many different subjects. The abstract noun "wideness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "Solomon was able to understand many things about a wide range of subjects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Solomon's wisdom exceeded the wisdom of all the people + +"Solomon was wiser than all the wise people" + +# the people of the east This refers to people from countries east of Israel such as Arabia and Mesopotamia. -## Ethan, Ezrahite, Heman, Calcol, Darda, Mahol ## +# Ethan ... Heman ... Kalkol ... Darda ... Mahol -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/32.md b/1ki/04/32.md index 28678cda38..1ef6f63ae7 100644 --- a/1ki/04/32.md +++ b/1ki/04/32.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## cedar, hyssop ## +# cedar ... hyssop -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +These words form a merism that includes all plants. AT: "cedar tree ... hyssop bush" or "the greatest of trees ... least important of bushes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/04/intro.md b/1ki/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..99609cb63d --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# 1 Kings 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter names the important people in Solomon's government and shows the extent of his kingdom. +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/01.md b/1ki/05/01.md index 00e0ebdb0c..ec1875c3a8 100644 --- a/1ki/05/01.md +++ b/1ki/05/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Solomon talks with King Hiram about building the Temple. -## for Hiram had always loved David ## +# Hiram had always loved David -"for Hiram had always been a close friend of King David" (See: UDB) +"Hiram had always been a close friend of King David" -## Yahweh was putting his enemies under the soles of his feet ## +# Yahweh was putting his enemies under the soles of his feet -AT: "Yahweh was helping David to defeat his enemies" or "David was busy since Yahweh was giving him victory over his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +To put an enemy under someone's foot means to conquer them. AT: "Yahweh was helping David to defeat his enemies" or "David was busy since Yahweh was giving him victory over his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## build a house for the name of Yahweh ## +# for the name of Yahweh -"build a temple in which we could worship Yahweh" (See: UDB); (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "name" is a metonym for the person, and "for the name" refers to worshiping the person.See how you translated this in [1 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "in which people would worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because of the wars that surrounded him + +Another possible meaning is "because of the wars with which his enemies surrounded him" or "because he was fighting enemies on all sides" + +# Yahweh was putting his enemies under the soles of his feet + +This speaks of Yahweh giving David complete control over his enemies as putting them under his feet. AT: "Yahweh was enabling David to completely defeat his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/04.md b/1ki/05/04.md index 0c7f06eaf2..04acd971ce 100644 --- a/1ki/05/04.md +++ b/1ki/05/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Solomon continues to talk with King Hiram about building the Temple. -## has given me rest on every side ## +# has given me rest on every side -Before King David and the people of Israel had been at war, but now King Solomon and the people were at rest and in a time of peace. +Before Solomon became king, King David and the people of Israel had been at war, but now King Solomon and the people were at rest and in a time of peace. -## set on your throne in your place ## +# There is neither adversary nor disaster -AT: "make to be the king after you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +neither humans who cause harm nor natural events that cause harm. This can be stated positively. AT: "We are safe from our enemies and from natural disasters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# adversary + +enemy + +# disaster + +event that causes harm to people and their property + +# So + +This is to emphasize the words that follow. "Listen! This is what I am going to do:" or "Because of what Yahweh has done for me, this is what I am going to do:" + +# for the name of Yahweh my God ... for my name + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person. AT: "where Yahweh my God will live ... where I will live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# set on your throne in your place + +Here "throne" refers to ruling as king. AT: "make to be the king after you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/06.md b/1ki/05/06.md index 9e1dd680ac..aa8d1db9ab 100644 --- a/1ki/05/06.md +++ b/1ki/05/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -Solomon continues to talk with King Hiram about building the Temple. +# General Information: -## Lebanon ## +Solomon continues to talk with King Hiram about building the temple. -King Hiram was the king of the city of Tyre which was located in the same general area as present day Lebanon. +# there is no one among us who knows how to cut timber like the Sidonians -## no one among us who knows how to cut timber like the Sidonians ## +"your workers know how to cut timber better than my men" -AT: "that your workers know how to cut timber better than my men"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) - -## Sidonians ## +# Sidonians "people of Sidon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/07.md b/1ki/05/07.md index 8f8abc0b23..0ce4cbea41 100644 --- a/1ki/05/07.md +++ b/1ki/05/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + King Hiram answers Solomon. -## the words of Solomon ## +# the words of Solomon -AT: "what Solomon said" +"what Solomon said" -## May Yahweh be blessed today ## +# May Yahweh be blessed today -AT: "I praise Yahweh today" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I praise Yahweh today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I will do all you desire concerning ## +# cypress -AT: "I will do what you asked by sending" - -## cypress ## - -Cypress is another kind of wood that would be used for building the temple. \ No newline at end of file +Cypress is another kind of valuable wood that would be used for building the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/09.md b/1ki/05/09.md index 835b7e6215..6d58959855 100644 --- a/1ki/05/09.md +++ b/1ki/05/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + King Hiram continues to answer Solomon. -## make them into rafts ## +# make them into rafts -AT: "tie them together so they will float in groups" +"tie them together so they will float in groups" -## them broken up there ## +# them broken up there -AT: "the groups of trees untied" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "my workers untie the logs from each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## You will accomplish my desire ## +# You will do what I desire -AT:" You can do what I want" or "You can pay me" \ No newline at end of file +"You can do what I want" or "You can pay me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/10.md b/1ki/05/10.md index 1154a0f5de..dd7c47f769 100644 --- a/1ki/05/10.md +++ b/1ki/05/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## fir ## +# fir -The word "fir" refers to many kinds of trees including Cypress trees. +The word "fir" refers to many kinds of trees, including cypress trees. -## measures of wheat ## +# measures of wheat -A "measure" was equal to 5 to 6 bushels of dry content or the amount that could be carried by a donkey. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +This was a dry measurement whereas the oil was a liquid measurement. It was not clear which measure was intended. The UDB takes an educated guess. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## year by year ## +# year by year -AT: "every year" \ No newline at end of file +"every year" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/13.md b/1ki/05/13.md index 23bf18de84..17930f519f 100644 --- a/1ki/05/13.md +++ b/1ki/05/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Solomon forces men to build the Temple. -## conscripted labor out of all Israel ## +# conscripted labor out of all Israel "forced men from all over Israel to work" -## in shifts ## +# in shifts -The workers did not all go at once; the groups went one after the other to share the work. +That is, there were three groups that took turns spending one month in Lebanon and two months at home. -## One month they were in Lebanon and two months at home ## +# One month they were in Lebanon and two months at home -Each of the three groups spent one month working in Lebanon and then two months at home in Israel. \ No newline at end of file +Each of the three groups spent one month working in Lebanon and then two months at home in Israel. + +# the men who were subjected to forced labor + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the men whom Solomon was forcing to work for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/15.md b/1ki/05/15.md index 80cec7673f..2b7e4fbb66 100644 --- a/1ki/05/15.md +++ b/1ki/05/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Solomon continues to force men to build the Temple. -## burdens ## +# seventy thousand + +"70,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# burdens "heavy things" -## stonecutters ## +# eighty thousand -AT: "men who dug stones out of the ground and cut them" \ No newline at end of file +"80,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# stonecutters + +"men who dug stones out of the ground and cut them" + +# 3,300 chief officers + +"three thousand three hundred chief officers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/17.md b/1ki/05/17.md index bdc504f745..74317ad778 100644 --- a/1ki/05/17.md +++ b/1ki/05/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Solomon continues to force men to build the temple. -## quarried large stones of high quality ## +# quarried large stones of high quality -AT: "dug large good stones out of the mountain and cut them to be the right shape" +"dug large, good stones out of the mountain and cut them to be the right shape" -## the house ## +# Gebalites -"the temple" (See: UDB); The temple is sometimes called "God's house" or here just "the house." - -## Gebalites ## - -"men from the city of Gebal" (See: UDB); Gebal was a city on a hill near Tyre in Lebanon. \ No newline at end of file +men from the city of Gebal (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/05/intro.md b/1ki/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ecf3337765 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Kings 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the beginning of the description of the building of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Building the temple ##### +Building the temple took a lot of work and cooperation. King Hiram of Tyre provided lumber for building the temple in exchange for wheat and olive oil. Solomon also had many people cutting rocks for the walls of the temple. +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/01.md b/1ki/06/01.md index f2b39df752..54b616ef1d 100644 --- a/1ki/06/01.md +++ b/1ki/06/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Scripture lists the dimensions of the temple. +# General Information: -## Solomon began to build ## +The narrator lists the dimensions of the temple. -Solomon did not do the building himself; his servants did the work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# Solomon began to build -## in the month Ziv, which is the second month ## +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. AT: "Solomon commanded his workers to begin building" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This was the second month in the calendar used by the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# 480th ... fourth -## cubits ## +These are the ordinal forms of 480 and 4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) \ No newline at end of file +# in the month of Ziv, which is the second month + +"Ziv" is the name of the second month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of April and the first part of May on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# sixty cubits long, twenty cubits wide, and thirty cubits high + +"60 cubits long, 20 cubits wide, and 30 cubits high." A cubit is 46 centimeters. This can be written used modern measures. AT: "27.6 meters long, 9.2 meters wide, and 13.8 meters high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/03.md b/1ki/06/03.md index 07d5312ef6..f2517ef4eb 100644 --- a/1ki/06/03.md +++ b/1ki/06/03.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Scripture continues to list the dimensions of the temple. +# General Information: -## portico ## +The narrator continues to list the dimensions of the temple. -An area of a building made of columns and a roof that leads to and connects with the building's entrance door \ No newline at end of file +# portico + +an area of a building made of columns and a roof that leads to and connects with the building's entrance door. This portico was probably attached to the front part of the wall that surrounded the temple. + +# twenty cubits ... ten cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "9.2 meters ... 4.6 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# he made windows + +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. AT: "they made windows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/05.md b/1ki/06/05.md index c93a091813..0f29b6b815 100644 --- a/1ki/06/05.md +++ b/1ki/06/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Scripture continues to list the dimensions of the temple. +# General Information: -## the lowest story ... the middle ... the third ## +The narrator continues to list the dimensions of the temple. + +# he built ... he made + +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. AT: "they built ... they made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he built rooms around it + +He built rooms on the outside of the outside wall around the main chamber. + +# The lowest story ... the middle ... the third This refers to the rooms in each story of the building. -## he made offsets in the wall of the house ## +# five cubits ... six cubits ... seven cubits -They made ledges all around the amin building to support the beams of the small rooms. +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "about 2.3 meters ... about 2.8 meters ... about 3.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## beams ## +# he made offsets in the wall of the house + +They made ledges all around the main building to support the beams of the small rooms. + +# beams A beam is a long heavy piece of wood used to support a building. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/07.md b/1ki/06/07.md index 27c71bcf6d..ceb037976f 100644 --- a/1ki/06/07.md +++ b/1ki/06/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the house ## +# the house Here "house" refers to God's house, the temple. -## stones prepared at the quarry ## +# stones prepared at the quarry -A quarry is where large stones are cut from a mountain and shaped with tools to be smooth. Stones were prepared at the quarry and brought to the temple. \ No newline at end of file +A quarry is where people cut large stones from a mountain and shape them with tools so they are smooth. After they prepared the stones at the quarry, they brought them to the temple. + +# ground level ... middle level ... third level + +There were a total of three floors. Some languages call these "ground floor," "first floor," and "second floor." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/09.md b/1ki/06/09.md index 14cf586ea5..c8defacf9a 100644 --- a/1ki/06/09.md +++ b/1ki/06/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Solomon build the temple and finished it ## +# Solomon built ... he covered ... He built -Solomon did not do the building himself; his servants did the work. (See: Synecdoche) +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. AT: "Solomon's workers built ... they covered ... They built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He built the side rooms ## +# beams ... of cedar + +A beam is a long heavy piece of wood used to support a building. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:6](./05.md). + +# planks ... of cedar + +A plank is a flat wooden board used for floors and walls. + +# He built the side rooms These are the same rooms that are referred to in [1 Kings 6:5](./05.md). -## beams and planks of cedar ## +# inner chambers -A beam is a long heavy piece of wood used to support a building. A plank is a flat wooden board also used for building. +This phrase is a metonym for the walls that enclosed the chambers. AT: "exterior walls that enclosed the inner chambers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## inner chambers ## +# five cubits -"exterior walls" +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "2.3 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## timbers of cedar ## +# timbers of cedar The word "timbers" is a general term that refers to wood used for building, such as beams and planks. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/11.md b/1ki/06/11.md index 21c9825fcf..19bd838172 100644 --- a/1ki/06/11.md +++ b/1ki/06/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## walk in my statutes ## +# The word of Yahweh came to Solomon, saying, -AT: "continually obey all my statutes" (UDB); Here "walk" is used to mean "live" or "obey." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The idiom "The word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Solomon. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Solomon:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## do justice ## +# which you are building -This refers to obeying and carrying out God's laws or decrees. +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. AT: "which you are having your workers build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## keep all my commandments and walk in them ## +# walk in my statutes -He has said the same thing twice for emphasis. AT "carefully obey all I told you to do" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The word "walk" is a metaphor for "live" or "obey." AT: "continually obey all my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## confirm my promise ## +# do justice -God would confirm his promise by doing what he promised to do, or fulfilling his promise. +Possible meanings are 1) "carry out all of my laws" or 2) "treat the people whom you are ruling justly." -## I will live ## +# keep all my commandments and walk in them -AT: "My Spirit will dwell in the Temple" \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the importance of obeying God's commandments. AT "carefully obey all I tell you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will confirm my promise with you that I had made to David your father + +"I will do everything I promised David your father that I would do for you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/14.md b/1ki/06/14.md index 50b8ff38ab..c561956a14 100644 --- a/1ki/06/14.md +++ b/1ki/06/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Solomon ## +# Solomon ... he built ... he covered them ... he covered the floor -"Solomon's workers"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. AT: "Solomon's workers ... they built ... they covered them ... they covered the floor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## interior ## +# interior "inside" -## cypress ## +# cypress Cypress is a kind of wood that was used for building the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/16.md b/1ki/06/16.md index 057dcd26f2..ca8b151261 100644 --- a/1ki/06/16.md +++ b/1ki/06/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## cubit ## +# He built twenty cubits ... He built this room -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. AT: "He commanded them to build twenty cubits ... He had them build this room" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## main hall ## +# He built twenty cubits + +"He built a room twenty cubits long" + +# twenty cubits ... forty cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "9.2 meters ... 18.4 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# main hall "main room" -## gourds ## +# gourds -A type of hard, round vegetable that grows on a vine on the ground +a type of hard, round vegetable that grows on a vine on the ground -## open flowers ## +# open flowers -AT: "blooming flowers" or "flowers that were open" \ No newline at end of file +"blooming flowers" or "flowers that were open" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/19.md b/1ki/06/19.md index d997f1934f..6b6efc71ad 100644 --- a/1ki/06/19.md +++ b/1ki/06/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## covered the altar with cedar wood ## +# Solomon prepared ... Solomon overlaid + +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They prepared ... They overlaid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# twenty cubits + +"9.2 meters" + +# covered the altar with cedar wood This altar would be used for burning incense. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/21.md b/1ki/06/21.md index 578dac4723..d812e8b794 100644 --- a/1ki/06/21.md +++ b/1ki/06/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## overlaid ## +# Solomon overlaid ... he placed ... He overlaid ... He also overlaid -"covered" (UDB) +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They overlaid ... they placed ... They overlaid ... They also overlaid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## altar that belonged to the most holy place ## +# overlaid -"altar of incense at the entrance to the most holy place" \ No newline at end of file +"covered" + +# altar that belonged to the inner room + +"altar of incense at the entrance to the inner room" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/23.md b/1ki/06/23.md index d12fa666a7..adb058d80e 100644 --- a/1ki/06/23.md +++ b/1ki/06/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## olivewood ## +# Solomon made + +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "Solomon commanded them to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# olivewood "wood from an olive tree" -## wingspan ## +# ten cubits ... five cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "4.6 meters ... 2.3 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# wingspan the distance from the tip of one wing to the tip of the other wing -## dimensions ## +# dimensions "size" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/27.md b/1ki/06/27.md index 6059e24b83..8c0d4a98d6 100644 --- a/1ki/06/27.md +++ b/1ki/06/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Solomon placed ... Solomon overlaid ## +# Solomon placed ... Solomon overlaid -The word "Solomon" in these verses refers to "Solomon's workers"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They placed ... They overlaid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## innermost room ## +# innermost room -another name for most holy place +another name for the most holy place -## overlaid ## +# overlaid -"covered" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"covered" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/29.md b/1ki/06/29.md index 392c73369e..e6f296eeaa 100644 --- a/1ki/06/29.md +++ b/1ki/06/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## figures ## +# He carved ... Solomon overlaid -shapes \ No newline at end of file +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "He commanded them to carve ... He had them overlay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# overlaid + +covered \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/31.md b/1ki/06/31.md index e5c61b72aa..468421f3db 100644 --- a/1ki/06/31.md +++ b/1ki/06/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Solomon made ## +# Solomon made ... he made ... he made ... He overlaid ... he spread -"Solomon's workers made"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They made ... they made ... they made ... They overlaid ... they spread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## lintel ## +# lintel -upper horizontal support of a door frame +beam across the top of a door frame -## indented sections ## +# indented sections toothlike notches on each of five sections -## overlaid ## +# overlaid -"covered" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"covered" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/33.md b/1ki/06/33.md index 7db25acdab..281313c8ba 100644 --- a/1ki/06/33.md +++ b/1ki/06/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## In this way, Solomon also made for temple entrance doorposts ## +# Solomon also made ... He carved ... he evenly overlaid -AT "Solomon also made doorposts for the temple entrance" +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They also made ... They carved ... they evenly overlaid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## indented sections ## +# In this way, Solomon also made for the temple entrance doorposts of olive wood having four indented sections and two doors of cypress wood + +"Solomon also made doorposts of olive wood for the temple entrance, with four indented sections and two doors of cypress wood, in the same way" + +# indented sections tooth-like notches -## leaves of one door ## +# The two leaves of the one door -This means each door had two sections that were hinged together. \ No newline at end of file +This means each door had two sections connected by hinges so they could fold together. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/36.md b/1ki/06/36.md index e417d1b33d..a9535cfc8a 100644 --- a/1ki/06/36.md +++ b/1ki/06/36.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## He built the inner court ## +# He built the inner court -AT: "Solomon built the walls of the inner court" or "Solomon's workers built the walls of the inner court"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They built the inner court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## cedar beams ## +# cedar beams -large wooden structural supports made of wood from the cedar tree \ No newline at end of file +A beam is a long heavy piece of wood used to support a building. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:6](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/37.md b/1ki/06/37.md index bc9d35969a..4913f61a30 100644 --- a/1ki/06/37.md +++ b/1ki/06/37.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## house of Yahweh ## +# the fourth year ... the eleventh year -the temple (UDB) +The words "fourth" and "eleventh" are the ordinal forms of "four" and "eleven." You may need to make explicit the event from which the writer counts the years. AT: "the fourth year after Solomon became king ... the eleventh year after Solomon became king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Ziv ## +# house of Yahweh -early May +"the temple" -## Bul ## +# in the month of Ziv -middle of October \ No newline at end of file +"Ziv" is the name of the second month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of April and the first part of May on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the month of Bul, which is the eighth month + +"Bul" is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the house was finished in all its parts and conforming to all its specifications + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they finished building every part of the house. They built it exactly the way Solomon had told them to build it" + +# Solomon took + +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "It took Solomon's workers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/06/intro.md b/1ki/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..922c355235 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Kings 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The building of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Building the temple ##### +Solomon built the temple in seven years. The outside walls were made of rock. Solomon shaped the rocks for the wall in the quarry and then assembled them at the temple site. The inside was covered with wood. Inside the temple was a room covered by gold, which was the Most Holy Place where the ark was housed under statues of angels. It represented the presence of God. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/01.md b/1ki/07/01.md index 57cb55e668..321a2ff7a5 100644 --- a/1ki/07/01.md +++ b/1ki/07/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The author is writing about Solomon's palace. -## cubit ## +# Solomon took ... He built -about 46 centimeters; (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "It took Solomon's workers ... He commanded them to build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Solomon took thirteen years to build his own palace. ## - -Because Solomon was the king, others did the work for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## his own palace ## +# his own palace If your language does not have a word for "palace," you may translate this as "house" or "big house." -## the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon ## +# the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon -AT: "the House of the Forest of Lebanon" or "the house called the House of the Lebanon Forest" +"the house called the House of the Lebanon Forest" -## beam ## +# one hundred cubits ... fifty cubits ... thirty cubits -a long piece of strong wood usually used as a support for a roof \ No newline at end of file +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "46 meters ... 23 meters ... 13.8 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# beams + +A beam is a long piece of strong wood used to support walls and roofs. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/03.md b/1ki/07/03.md index fc13b52a3e..5ee4d22a1d 100644 --- a/1ki/07/03.md +++ b/1ki/07/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Some details are given about the structure of the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon. -## The roof was made of cedar ## +# The house was roofed with cedar that rested on beams -AT: "To support the roof there were cedar beams" (UDB) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The carpenters built a roof from cedar planks and attached them to beams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## beam ## +# beams -a long piece of strong wood usually used as a support for a roof +long pieces of strong wood usually used to support a roof -## the doors and posts were made square ## +# were made square -"had rectangular frames" (see UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"had rectangular frames" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/06.md b/1ki/07/06.md index 728c1573f5..c96e7210de 100644 --- a/1ki/07/06.md +++ b/1ki/07/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The author writes about the structure of the Hall of Pillars. -## portico ## +# colonnade -an area of a building made of columns and a roof that leads to and connects with the building's entrance door. (See how you translated "portico" in [1 Kings 6:3](../06/03.md)) \ No newline at end of file +a series of columns, all the same distance apart + +# fifty cubits ... thirty cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "23 meters ... 13.8 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# portico + +an area of a building made of columns and a roof that leads to and connects with the building's entrance door. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:3](../06/03.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/07.md b/1ki/07/07.md index cb5656e5c5..fe65894fb8 100644 --- a/1ki/07/07.md +++ b/1ki/07/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -The author writes about the Hall of the Throne. +# General Information: -## Solomon built the hall of the throne ## +The author writes about the hall of the throne. -AT: "Solomon had a house built called The Kings Chair House." +# Solomon built -## It was covered with cedar ## +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "Solomon had them build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "The workers covered the hall with cedar wood"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# the hall of the throne -## from floor to floor ## +Possible meanings are 1) "the house in which he was going to place his throne" or 2) "a house named The King's Chair House" -Some ancient translations say "from the floor to the rafters" (ceiling). (See UDB). \ No newline at end of file +# It was covered with cedar + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The workers covered the floor with cedar wood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from floor to floor + +This refers to the entire floor. AT: "from one wall to the other" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/08.md b/1ki/07/08.md index 6fc78d7a7c..c101629582 100644 --- a/1ki/07/08.md +++ b/1ki/07/08.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -The author continues to write about the palace area. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The author continues to write about the palace area. + +# Solomon's house in which he was to live, in another courtyard within the palace grounds, was similarly designed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Solomon had someone design the house in which he was to live, in another courtyard within the palace grounds, in the same way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He also built + +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "He also commanded them to build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/09.md b/1ki/07/09.md index f6a1bf101f..3c711f6e25 100644 --- a/1ki/07/09.md +++ b/1ki/07/09.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + The writer is writing about the stones used for the buildings. -## These buildings were adorned with costly,hewn stones, ## +# These buildings were adorned with costly hewn stones -AT: "The workers adorned the buildings with costly, hewn stones." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The workers adorned the buildings with costly, hewn stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## hewn stones, precisely measured and cut . . . and smoothed ## +# hewn stones, precisely measured and cut with a saw and smoothed -AT: "The workers measured and cut the stones exactly, and made them smooth." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "hewn stones, that workers had precisely measured and cut with a saw and smoothed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## These stones were used ## +# These stones were used -AT: "The workers used these stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The workers used these stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## on the foundation to the stones on top, and also on the outside to the great court. ## +# from the foundation to the stones on top, and also on the outside to the great court -The author is emphasizing that the the workers used expensive stones for the foundations and all the buildings. +The author is emphasizing that the workers used expensive stones for the foundations and all the buildings. -## The foundation was constructed ## +# The foundation was constructed -AT: "The workers constructed the foundation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The workers constructed the foundation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## cubit ## +# eight and ten cubits -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) \ No newline at end of file +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "about 3.7 meters and 4.6 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/11.md b/1ki/07/11.md index 69785ea376..d8b4ef2662 100644 --- a/1ki/07/11.md +++ b/1ki/07/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## cedar beams ## +# cedar beams A beam is a long piece of wood used for structural support. -## three rows of cut stone and a row of cedar beams ## +# three rows of cut stone and a row of cedar beams -See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 6:36](../06/36.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:36](../06/36.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/13.md b/1ki/07/13.md index 3833667e0c..0700f7296f 100644 --- a/1ki/07/13.md +++ b/1ki/07/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## brought him from Tyre ## +# brought him from Tyre Huram accepted Solomon's invitation to come to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the son of a widow...his father was a man of Tyre ## +# the son of a widow ... his father was a man of Tyre A widow is a woman whose husband has died, so we know that the father is dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Huram was filled with wisdom and understanding and skill ## +# Huram was filled with wisdom and understanding and skill -The words "wisdom and understanding" mean basically the same thing are are used together for emphasis. AT: "God filled Huram with wisdom, understanding and skill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. The words "wisdom and understanding" mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. Yahweh giving such things as wisdom is spoken of as if they were liquids that Yahweh had poured into a container, and Huram is spoken of as if he were that container. AT: "Yahweh had given Huram wisdom, understanding, and skill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/15.md b/1ki/07/15.md index a0c08b6e10..23c9658214 100644 --- a/1ki/07/15.md +++ b/1ki/07/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## eighteen cubits high ## +# eighteen cubits ... twelve cubits ... five cubits -A cubit is about 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +A cubit is about 46 centimeters. AT: "about 8.3 meters ... 5.5 meters ... 2.3 cubits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## twelve cubits in circumference ## +# in circumference -"Circumference" is the distance or measurement around a circular object or area. +Circumference is the distance or measurement around a circular object or area. -## He made two capitals ## +# two capitals -Here, "capitals" refers to decorations on top of the pillars. +decorations on top of each of the two pillars -## burnished bronze ## +# polished bronze -The bronze was polished and bright. +They polished the bronze so that it would reflect sunlight. "gleaming bronze" -## Checker latticework and wreaths of chain work ## +# Checker latticework and wreaths of chain work "Crossed metal strips woven together and metal chains twisted together" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/18.md b/1ki/07/18.md index bdb0b288c1..2d14859ebb 100644 --- a/1ki/07/18.md +++ b/1ki/07/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## two rows of pomegranates ## +# Huram made -A "pomegranate" is a fruit with a hard, red rind and many juicy seeds inside. Huram did not use real pomegranates to decorate the pillars. He made them out of bronze. +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "Huram commanded his workers to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## The capitals...were decorated with lilies, four cubits high ## +# two rows of pomegranates -Lilies are funnel-shaped flowers. AT: "Huram decorated the capitals with bronze lilies, four cubits high..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +A pomegranate is a fruit with a hard, red rind and many juicy seeds inside. Huram did not use real pomegranates to decorate the pillars. He made them out of bronze. -## the tops of the portico ## +# The capitals ... were decorated with lilies, four cubits high -See how you translated "portico" in [1 Kings 7:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file +Lilies are plants whose flowers are wide at one end and very narrow at the other end. These words can be stated in active form. AT: "Huram decorated the capitals ... with bronze lilies, four cubits high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the tops of the portico + +Translate "portico" as in [1 Kings 7:6](./06.md). + +# four cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "about 1.8 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/20.md b/1ki/07/20.md index 093177b635..dfea9a908d 100644 --- a/1ki/07/20.md +++ b/1ki/07/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## two hundred pomegranates ## +# two hundred pomegranates -"200 pomegranates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"200 pomegranates." A pomegranate is a fruit with a hard, red rind and many juicy seeds inside. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 7:18](./18.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## He raised up the pillars ## +# He raised up -Here, the word "He" refers to Huram's workers. AT: "Huram's workers erected the pillars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They raised up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## The pillar on the right hand was named Jakin ## +# The pillar on the right was named Jakin -AT: "The name of the pillar on the right side was Jakin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The name of the pillar on the right side was Jakin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the pillar on the left hand was named Boaz ## +# the pillar on the left was named Boaz -AT: "The name of the pillar on the left side was Boaz" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The name of the pillar on the left side was Boaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The fashioning of the pillars was done ## +# The fashioning of the pillars was done -AT: "Huram did the fashioning of the pillars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Huram fashioned the pillars" or "Huram's men fashioned the pillars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/23.md b/1ki/07/23.md index c85eb4f2f3..9cd3e29372 100644 --- a/1ki/07/23.md +++ b/1ki/07/23.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## the round sea ## +# Huram made -This refers to a bronze tank or basin which would hold water. +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "Huram also commanded them to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## cast metal ## +# the round sea + +This refers to a bronze tank or basin that would hold water. + +# cast metal Huram melted the bronze and formed it in a mold. -## ten cubits from brim to brim ## +# ten cubits ... five cubits ... thirty cubits -A cubit is about 46 centimeters. "ten cubits from one edge to the other" (See:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "4.6 meters ... 2.3 meters ... 13.8 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## thirty cubits in circumference ## +# from brim to brim -“Circumference” is the distance or measurement around a circular object or area. +"from one edge to the other" -## encircling the sea were gourds ## +# in circumference + +Circumference is the distance or measurement around a circular object or area. + +# encircling the sea were gourds A gourd is a type of hard, round vegetable that grows on a vine on the ground. -## when the sea itself was cast ## +# when that basin was cast -AT: "when Huram cast the sea itself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when Huram cast that basin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/25.md b/1ki/07/25.md index 0a7efc7792..6b285152d3 100644 --- a/1ki/07/25.md +++ b/1ki/07/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## The sea ## +# The Sea -This refers to a bronze tank or basin which would hold water. +This refers to the bronze tank or basin that held water for sacrifices. -## stood on ## +# stood on "was on top of" -## The sea was set on top of them ## +# "The Sea" was set on top of them -AT: "Huram's workers set the sea on top of the bronze oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Huram's workers set 'The Sea' on top of the bronze oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## its brim was forged like the brim of a cup, like a lily blossom ## +# hindquarters -AT: Huram forged the brim to look like the brim of a cup, to curve outward like a lily" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is the back quarter of the body of an animal with four feet. -## two thousand baths ## +# its brim was forged like the brim of a cup, like a lily blossom -A bath is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Huram forged the brim to look like the brim of a cup, to curve outward like a lily" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# two thousand baths + +A bath is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. AT: "2,000 baths" or "44,000 liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/27.md b/1ki/07/27.md index 4b474b32b7..02dd7bc57c 100644 --- a/1ki/07/27.md +++ b/1ki/07/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## four cubits long ## +# Huram made -A cubit was a little less than half a meter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "Huram also commanded them to make" or "They also made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## The work of the stands was like this ## +# four cubits ... three cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "about 1.8 meters ... about 1.4 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# The work of the stands was like this This means the author will describe the stands in the words that follow. -## on the panels and on the frames were lions, oxen, and cherubim ## +# on the panels and on the frames were lions, oxen, and cherubim There were decorative pieces in the shapes of lions, oxen, and cherubim fastened to the sides of the stands. -## wreaths of hammered work ## +# wreaths of hammered work -Here the word "wreath" refers to spiral-shaped pieces of bronze. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "wreaths" refers to spiral-shaped pieces of bronze. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/30.md b/1ki/07/30.md index edd5ebb7ea..b8273260ea 100644 --- a/1ki/07/30.md +++ b/1ki/07/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## four bronze wheels and axles ## +# four bronze wheels and axles -There was one axle for each pair of wheels. AT: "four bronze wheels and two axles" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +There was one axle for each pair of wheels. AT: "four bronze wheels and two axles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## its four corners ## +# its four corners "the four corners of each stand" -## The supports were cast with wreaths ## +# The supports were cast with wreaths -Each support was cast as one piece with the wreaths. AT: "Huram cast the supports with spiral-shaped pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Each support was cast as one piece with the wreaths. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Huram cast the supports with spiral-shaped pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## a crown that rose up ## +# a cubit and a half ... a cubit + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "about 70 centimeters ... about 50 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# a crown that rose up Here the word "crown" refers to the circular piece at the top of the stand's opening that held the basin. -## their panels were square ## +# their panels were square -"the panels of the stands." This phrase returns to the description of the panels that began in [1 Kings 7:27](./27.md). \ No newline at end of file +"the panels of the stands were square." This phrase returns to the description of the panels that began in [1 Kings 7:28-29](./27.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/32.md b/1ki/07/32.md index 75e91e37d5..cdb67514dd 100644 --- a/1ki/07/32.md +++ b/1ki/07/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## their housings ## +# their housings Here the word "their" refers to the axles. The word "housings" refers to the casings into which the axles were inserted. -## The wheels were forged like chariot wheels ## +# a cubit and a half -AT: "Huram made the wheels like small chariot wheels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +A cubit was 46 centimeters. AT: "about 70 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## their housings, rims, spokes, and hubs ## +# The wheels were forged like chariot wheels -Here the word "their" refers to the wheels. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Huram made the wheels like small chariot wheels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Their housings, rims, spokes, and hubs + +Here the word "Their" refers to the wheels. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/34.md b/1ki/07/34.md index ba7ec991ac..aed4840287 100644 --- a/1ki/07/34.md +++ b/1ki/07/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## There were four handles at the four corners of each stand ## +# There were four handles at the four corners of each stand -AT: "There was a handle at each of the four corners of each stand." +"There was a handle at each of the four corners of each stand" -## half a cubit deep ## +# half a cubit deep -"twenty-three centimeters wide." A cubit was a little less than half a meter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +A cubit was 46 centimeters. AT: "twenty-three centimeters wide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## on the top of the stand its supports and panels were attached ## +# on the top of the stand its supports and panels were attached -AT: "Huram attached the supports and panels to the top of each stand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Huram attached the supports and panels to the top of each stand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/36.md b/1ki/07/36.md index 5676e6e46d..6eb2c04b4d 100644 --- a/1ki/07/36.md +++ b/1ki/07/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## they were surrounded ## +# Huram engraved ... He made + +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "they engraved ... He commanded them to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they were surrounded Here the word "they" refers to the cherubim, lions, and palm trees. -## surrounded by wreaths ## +# they were surrounded by wreaths -Here the word “wreaths” refers to spiral-shaped pieces of bronze. +The word "wreaths" refers to spiral-shaped pieces of bronze. This can be stated in active form. AT: "there were wreaths all around them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## All of them were cast in the same molds ## +# All of them were cast in the same molds -AT: "Huram cast all of the stands in the same mold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Huram cast all of the stands in the same mold" or "They cast all of the stand in the same mold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they had one size, and the same shape ## +# they had one size, and the same shape -"All of the stands were the same size and shape" \ No newline at end of file +"all of the stands were the same size and shape" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/38.md b/1ki/07/38.md index 3409e2aa9c..0ffbd88f23 100644 --- a/1ki/07/38.md +++ b/1ki/07/38.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## forty baths ## +# Huram made ten ... He made five ... He set -A bath is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "Huram had them make ten ... Human had them make five ... Huram commanded them to set" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## on the east corner, facing toward the south of the temple ## +# forty baths -"on the southeast corner of the temple" \ No newline at end of file +A bath is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. AT: "about 88 liters" or "about 90 liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# four cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "about 1.8 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# the south-facing side ... the north-facing side + +"the south side ... the north side" + +# on the east corner, facing toward the south of the temple + +"near the the southeast corner of the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/40.md b/1ki/07/40.md index ff9d3cd05d..70292a84d7 100644 --- a/1ki/07/40.md +++ b/1ki/07/40.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the bowl-like capitals ## +# Huram made ... he finished -like capitals** - The capitals shaped like bowls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "Huram had them make ... they finished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## decorative latticework ## +# the bowl-like capitals + +The capitals were shaped like bowls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# decorative latticework "crossed metal strips woven together" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/42.md b/1ki/07/42.md index 3320aff37e..7de4b53c82 100644 --- a/1ki/07/42.md +++ b/1ki/07/42.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## four hundred pomegranates ## +# He made -"400 pomegranates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# four hundred pomegranates + +"400 pomegranates." A pomegranate is a fruit with a hard, red rind and many juicy seeds inside. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 7:18](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/44.md b/1ki/07/44.md index b77e18292d..8ff7a2877f 100644 --- a/1ki/07/44.md +++ b/1ki/07/44.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He had made ## +# He made ... Huram made -Here the word "He" refers to Huram and his helpers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Huram would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "They made ... They made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## all the other implements ## +# all the other implements -"all the other tools" \ No newline at end of file +"all the other tools" + +# polished bronze + +bronze that was polished so that it would reflect light \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/46.md b/1ki/07/46.md index b9b43ebb0d..74d72348fa 100644 --- a/1ki/07/46.md +++ b/1ki/07/46.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## The king had cast them ## +# The king had cast them ... Solomon did not weigh -AT: "The king had Huram and his workers cast them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "The king had his workers cast them ... Solomon did not have them weigh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## plain of the Jordan ## +# plain of the Jordan -This refers to the flat land near the Jordan River. +"flat land near the Jordan River" -## between Succoth and Zarethan ## +# Succoth ... Zarethan -Here Succoth refers to the city located on the east side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Solomon did not weigh all the implements ## +# the weight of the bronze could not be measured -AT: "Solomon did not have Huram and his workers weigh all the implements" - -## the weight of the bronze could not be known ## - -AT: "no one could know the weight of the bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one could measure the weight of the bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/48.md b/1ki/07/48.md index 1edf6bf24a..2426b15929 100644 --- a/1ki/07/48.md +++ b/1ki/07/48.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Solomon made ## +# Solomon had made -AT: "Solomon's workers made" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. AT: "Solomon's workers had made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## on which the bread of the presence was to be placed ## +# on which the bread of the presence was to be placed -AT: "on which the priests were to place the bread of the presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "on which the priests were to place the bread of the presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the flowers, the lamps ## +# the flowers, the lamps The "flowers" and "lamps" were part of the lampstands. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/50.md b/1ki/07/50.md index f8c1eb9bca..9b7ef1b01f 100644 --- a/1ki/07/50.md +++ b/1ki/07/50.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## The cups...were all made of pure gold ## +# had made the cups ... all of which were made of pure gold -AT: "The workers made the cups...out of pure gold" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "had his workers make all the cups ... out of pure gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Also the sockets...were all made of gold ## +# sockets of gold made for the doors -AT: "They also made the sockets...out of gold" - -## the sockets of the doors ## - -Here "socket" may refer to either 1) the sockets in which the door pegs turned, or 2) the hinges on which the doors hung. \ No newline at end of file +Here "sockets" may refer to either 1) the sockets in which the door pegs turned, or 2) the hinges on which the doors hung. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/51.md b/1ki/07/51.md index 8ac0550a98..f50c95860d 100644 --- a/1ki/07/51.md +++ b/1ki/07/51.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the work that King Solomon did for the house of Yahweh was finished ## +# the work that King Solomon directed for the house of Yahweh was finished -AT: "the workers finished the work that King Solomon had them do for the house of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the workers finished the work that King Solomon had them do for the house of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/07/intro.md b/1ki/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9c4925203b --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# 1 Kings 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter has a description of the palace Solomon built and the materials used in the temple courtyard. It is the last chapter about the building of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Bronze ##### +Solomon hired a man from Tyre who was good at casting things out of bronze. The bronze objects were made by hollowing out the shape of the object in clay and then pouring in the hot melted liquid bronze and letting it cool. He made two large pillars and a large water reservoir set on the backs of 12 bronze cows. He made all the instruments for use in the sacrifices outside the temple. He made the furnishing inside the temple out of gold. + +##### The temple and the palace ##### +Solomon spent 13 years building a palace for himself that was much bigger than the temple. It is significant that the house of Solomon was much larger than the house of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/01.md b/1ki/08/01.md index 85fc67a567..c5fa520d72 100644 --- a/1ki/08/01.md +++ b/1ki/08/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## assembled the elders of Israel ## +# assembled the elders of Israel "called together the leaders of Israel" -## All the men of Israel ## +# All the men of Israel -This may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in v. 1, or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in 8:1 or 2) generally to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## at the feast ## +# at the feast -This is a reference to the Feast of Succoth, also know as the Feast of Tabernacles or Feast of Shelters (UDB). +This is a reference to the Feast of Succoth, also known as the Feast of Tabernacles or Feast of Shelters . -## the month Ethanim ## +# in the month of Ethanim, which is the seventh month -This month of the Hebrew calendar ran from mid-September to mid-October. \ No newline at end of file +"Ethanim" is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/03.md b/1ki/08/03.md index 4ad05b2e5d..6fac02979c 100644 --- a/1ki/08/03.md +++ b/1ki/08/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## that could not be counted ## +# all the assembly of Israel -AT: "that no one was able to count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a generalization. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# sheep and oxen that could not be counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "more sheep and oxen than anyone would ever be able to count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/06.md b/1ki/08/06.md index edeb4d0997..fe744b88df 100644 --- a/1ki/08/06.md +++ b/1ki/08/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## into the inner room of the house, to the most holy place ## +# into the inner room of the house, to the most holy place, under -The second clause is used to clarify the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"into the inner room of the house—that is, to the most holy place—under" -## poles by which it was carried ## +# poles by which it was carried -AT: "poles by which the priests carried it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "poles by which the priests carried it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they could not be seen ## +# their ends were seen ... they could not be seen -AT: "no one could see them" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people could see their ends ... people could not see them" + +# this day + +This means the day on which the writer wrote. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/09.md b/1ki/08/09.md index 8322fa8863..c60f0094b6 100644 --- a/1ki/08/09.md +++ b/1ki/08/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## It came about that ## +# It came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/12.md b/1ki/08/12.md index 4a2b0cc2fe..aeff68b5af 100644 --- a/1ki/08/12.md +++ b/1ki/08/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## lofty residence ## +# Yahweh has said ... darkness -"exalted house" \ No newline at end of file +Solomon speaks to Yahweh as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# lofty residence + +beautiful building in which someone very important lives \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/14.md b/1ki/08/14.md index 7d94d32679..8d14534eba 100644 --- a/1ki/08/14.md +++ b/1ki/08/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## May Yahweh, the God of Israel, be praised ## +# all the assembly of Israel -AT: "Praise Yahweh, the God of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). +"all the people of Israel who were gathered there" -## with his own hands ## +# May Yahweh, the God of Israel, be praised -"by his own power" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Praise Yahweh, the God of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with his own hands + +The hand is a metonym for the power in the hand. AT: "by his own power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in order for my name to be + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person, and "for ... name" refers to worshiping the person. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "so that people would worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/17.md b/1ki/08/17.md index 75b0b6b76f..57f3c62958 100644 --- a/1ki/08/17.md +++ b/1ki/08/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## it was in the heart of David ## +# it was in the heart of David my father ... it was in your heart ... for it to be in your heart -AT: "it was the desire of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +What David desired is spoken of as if it were an item in a container and the heart as if it were a container. AT: "David my father desired ... you desired ... to desire to do that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## one who will be born from your loins ## +# for the name of Yahweh ... for my name -AT: "one who will be your own offspring" or "one whom you yourself will father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "name" is a metonym for the person, and "for ... name" refers to worshiping the person. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "in which people would worship Yahweh ... in which people will worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# In that it was in your heart + +"Because you desired" + +# for it to be in your heart + +"by wanting to do that" + +# one who will be born from your loins + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "one who will be your own offspring" or "one whom you yourself will father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/20.md b/1ki/08/20.md index 097fddb445..1996341a9b 100644 --- a/1ki/08/20.md +++ b/1ki/08/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## I sit on the throne of Israel ## +# has carried out the word that he had said -AT: "I rule over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "has done exactly what he said he would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I have arisen in the place of David my father + +Height is a metaphor for power. AT: "I have gained the power that David my father had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I sit on the throne of Israel + +The throne is a metonym for the activity of the one who sits on the throne. AT: "I rule over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for the name of Yahweh + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person, and "for ... name" refers to worshiping the person. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "in which people will worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is Yahweh's covenant, which + +The stone tablets on which Yahweh had written the terms of the covenant are spoken of as if they were the covenant itself. AT: "are the tablets on which Yahweh wrote the terms of the covenant that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/22.md b/1ki/08/22.md index 444befa745..323b8f7f35 100644 --- a/1ki/08/22.md +++ b/1ki/08/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## walk before you with all their heart ## +# all the assembly of Israel -AT: "live wholeheartedly the way that you want them to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"all the people of Israel who were gathered there" -## fulfilled it with your hand ## +# who keeps his covenant faithfulness with your servants -AT: "by your power fulfilled what you said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." AT: "who faithfully loves your servants" or "who is faithful to your covenant with your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# walk before you with all their heart + +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "live wholeheartedly the way that you want them to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fulfilled it with your hand + +The hand is a metonym for the power of the hand. AT: "by your power fulfilled what you said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/25.md b/1ki/08/25.md index 24f73c7c42..01d5f02375 100644 --- a/1ki/08/25.md +++ b/1ki/08/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## to sit on the throne of Israel ## +# to sit on the throne of Israel -AT: "to rule over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The throne is a metonym for the activity of the one who sits on the throne. AT: "to rule over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## walk before me ## +# walk before me ... have walked before me -AT: "live in obedience to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "live as I want you to ... have lived as I want you to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/27.md b/1ki/08/27.md index 000fa7fff5..c4b480fe7d 100644 --- a/1ki/08/27.md +++ b/1ki/08/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## But will God actually live on the earth? ## +# But will God actually live on the earth? -AT: "But surely, it cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!" (see [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Possible meanings of this question are 1) Solomon is asking a real question and expecting an answer or 2) the question is rhetorical and Solomon is emphasizing that God is too big and mighty to live on earth. AT: "But it surely cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## this prayer of your servant and his request ## +# But will God -The words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here Solomon speaks about God in the third person. It can be stated in the second person. AT: "But will you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## listen to the cry and prayer that your servant prays ## +# Look -This last part of the sentence says the same thing as the first part in order to emphasize it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"What I am about to say is important" or "The truth is that" + +# you—how much less can this temple that I have built + +"you, so this temple that I have built certainly cannot contain you" + +# respect this prayer of your servant and his request + +The words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is sincere as he makes his request. Solomon refers to himself as "your servant" to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "respect me, your servant, as I make this request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# listen to the cry and prayer that your servant prays before you today + +The words "cry" and "prayer" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is sincere as he asks Yahweh to help him. Solomon refers to himself as "your servant" to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "listen to me, your servant, as I call today for you to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/29.md b/1ki/08/29.md index b961aa0ae3..8e22a74dd5 100644 --- a/1ki/08/29.md +++ b/1ki/08/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## May your eyes be open on ## +# May your eyes be open toward -AT: "May you watch over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The eye is a metonym for what the eye does. AT: "May you watch over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## night and day ## +# night and day -AT: "all the time" or "continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This is a merism. AT: "all the time" or "continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## name and presence ## +# My name and my presence -These two words are used together for emphasis (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two words together emphasize that Yahweh will dwell in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# that your servant will pray + +Solomon speaks of himself as "your servant" to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "that I, your servant, will pray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# listen to the request of your servant and of your people Israel + +Solomon speaks of himself as "your servant" to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "listen to my request and the request of your people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/31.md b/1ki/08/31.md index 1199aef8a4..3fec233925 100644 --- a/1ki/08/31.md +++ b/1ki/08/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## is required to swear ## +# is required to swear -AT: "someone requires him to swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone requires him to swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## on his own head ## +# upon his own head -Here "head" refers to the whole person. AT: "on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "head" refers to the whole person. AT: "on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the reward for his righteousness ## +# give to him according to his righteousness -AT: "what he deserves because of his innocence" \ No newline at end of file +"to give him what he deserves because he is righteous" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/33.md b/1ki/08/33.md index 067126d1b3..9a08eb8d28 100644 --- a/1ki/08/33.md +++ b/1ki/08/33.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## your people Israel are defeated by an enemy ## +# your people Israel are defeated by an enemy -AT: "an enemy defeats your people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "an enemy defeats your people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# confess your name + +Possible meanings are 1) "confess that they have sinned against you" or 2) "praise you" or 3) "say that they will obey you from now on." + +# request forgiveness from you + +The abstract noun "forgiveness" can be translated as a verb. AT: "ask you to forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/35.md b/1ki/08/35.md index 3244ea7ce6..0686bb6545 100644 --- a/1ki/08/35.md +++ b/1ki/08/35.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the skies are shut up and there is no rain ## +# the skies are shut up and there is no rain -The two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The sky is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain. AT: "you do not allow rain to fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in which they should walk ## +# confess your name -"that they should live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "confess that they have sinned against you" or 2) "praise you" or 3) "say that they will obey you from now on." See how you translated this in [1 Kings 8:33](./33.md). + +# in which they should walk + +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "that they should live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/37.md b/1ki/08/37.md index b206c3c20a..29ca7ca47b 100644 --- a/1ki/08/37.md +++ b/1ki/08/37.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## blight or mildew ## +# blight or mildew These are agricultural terms that refer to the death of crops from either too little or too much rain, respectively. -## locusts or caterpillars ## +# locusts or caterpillars A "locust" is a type of grasshopper that causes destruction by eating crops. The word "caterpillar" refers to an early growth stage of the locust. -## prayers and requests are made by a person or by all your people Israel ## +# prayers and requests are made by a person or by all your people Israel -AT: "a person, or all your people Israel, prays and makes a request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a person, or all your people Israel, prays and makes a request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## knowing the plague in his own heart ## +# prayers and requests -Possible meanings are: "knowing the sin in his own heart" or "knowing in his heart that the plague is the result of his own sin." \ No newline at end of file +The words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the person is sincere as he makes his request. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:28](./27.md). AT: "requests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# knowing the plague in his own heart + +Possible meanings are 1) The person's sin is spoken of as if it were a plague. AT: "knowing the sin in his own heart" or 2) The "plague" is a metonym for the sins that the disasters are a punishment for. AT: "knowing in his heart that the plague is the result of his own sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/39.md b/1ki/08/39.md deleted file mode 100644 index 08fce29dfd..0000000000 --- a/1ki/08/39.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/41.md b/1ki/08/41.md index bab6e5563b..9efb198f15 100644 --- a/1ki/08/41.md +++ b/1ki/08/41.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## your mighty hand, and your raised arm ## +# your mighty hand, and your raised arm -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to God's power (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to God's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## this house I have built is called by your name ## +# this house I have built is called by your name -The phrase "called by your name" indicates possession and ownership. AT: "you own this house that I have built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "is called by your name" shows that God possesses and owns the house. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you own this house that I have built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/44.md b/1ki/08/44.md index 68c285296d..e6abff72b1 100644 --- a/1ki/08/44.md +++ b/1ki/08/44.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## their prayer, their request ## +# Suppose that your people go out ... suppose that they pray -The two words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +When Solomon was speaking, these hypothetical situations had not happened, but Solomon knew that they might happen in the future. Use the form in your language for talking about events that have not happened but might happen in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# for your name + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person, and "for ... name" refers to worshiping the person. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "in which people will worship you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their prayer and their request + +The words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people are sincere as they make their request. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:28](./27.md). AT: "their request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/46.md b/1ki/08/46.md index 2f6af11838..fc17794914 100644 --- a/1ki/08/46.md +++ b/1ki/08/46.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## where they have been exiled ## +# Suppose that they sin ... suppose that you are ... suppose that they realize ... suppose that they repent ... Suppose that they say -AT: "where their enemies have exiled them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +When Solomon was speaking, these hypothetical situations had not happened, but Solomon knew that they might happen in the future. Use the form in your language for talking about events that have not happened but might happen in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## the land of their captors ## +# where they have been exiled -The word "captors" refers to people who keep others as prisoners. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where their enemies have taken them as exiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## perversely and sinned ## +# captors -The words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +people who keep others as prisoners + +# We have acted perversely and sinned. We have behaved wickedly + +These two sentences mean the same thing. Together they emphasize how bad the people's actions were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# acted perversely and sinned + +The words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the people sinned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/48.md b/1ki/08/48.md index 15e0b433f2..b19e53fabd 100644 --- a/1ki/08/48.md +++ b/1ki/08/48.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## with all their heart and with all their soul ## +# with all their heart and with all their soul -See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 2:1](../02/01.md). +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all ... being." These two phrases have similar meanings. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 2:4](../02/01.md). AT: "with all their being" or "with all their energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## toward their land ## +# in the land -Here "their land" refers to the land of those who are praying, that is, Israel. \ No newline at end of file +"while they are living in the land" + +# toward their land + +"toward the land in which they belong." This refers to Israel. + +# for your name + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person, and "for ... name" refers to worshiping the person. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "in which people will worship you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/49.md b/1ki/08/49.md index 9900d2bac2..0dee9066b0 100644 --- a/1ki/08/49.md +++ b/1ki/08/49.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## their prayer, their requests ## +# their prayer and their request -The two words “prayer” and “requests” mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The two words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that the people were sincere as they made their request to Yahweh. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:28](./27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## and all their sins with which they have transgressed against your commands ## +# Forgive your people, who have sinned against you, and all their sins with which they have transgressed against your commands -This part of the sentence says basically the same thing as the first part in order to emphasize it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Solomon twice requests Yahweh to forgive the people. This emphasizes the earnestness of his request. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/51.md b/1ki/08/51.md index 3ce5135a95..5cf87b4f89 100644 --- a/1ki/08/51.md +++ b/1ki/08/51.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## a furnace where iron is forged ## +# a furnace where iron is forged -AT: "a furnace where people forge iron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a furnace where people forge iron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## your eyes may be open ## +# your eyes may be open -AT: "you will pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The eye is a metonym for the person. AT: "you will pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/54.md b/1ki/08/54.md index 6540ccd69e..035e9404b2 100644 --- a/1ki/08/54.md +++ b/1ki/08/54.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## prayer and request ## +# prayer and request -The two words “prayer” and “requests” mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is sincere as he makes his request. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:28](./27.md). AT: "request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## May Yahweh be praised ## +# May Yahweh be praised -"Praise Yahweh" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Praise Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Not one word has failed out of all Yahweh's good promises + +This can be stated positively. AT: "Yahweh has made every word of his good promises come true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/57.md b/1ki/08/57.md index fa29239417..657757c97a 100644 --- a/1ki/08/57.md +++ b/1ki/08/57.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## leave us or forsake us ## +# leave us or forsake us -The two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize Solomon's desire for Yahweh to be present with the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## incline our hearts to him ## +# incline our hearts to him -AT: "make us devoted to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here their "hearts" refer to the people's desires and emotions. Desiring to please someone is spoken of as inclining the heart toward that person. AT: "make us want to please him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## live in all his ways ## +# live in all his ways -AT: "live as he requires us to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "in his ways" is an idiom that refers to the way he wants people to live. AT: "live as he requires us to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/59.md b/1ki/08/59.md index 24bc54a6fa..cbb6f0a54f 100644 --- a/1ki/08/59.md +++ b/1ki/08/59.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## day and night ## +# day and night -AT: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This merism refers to "all the time" or "continually." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## let your heart be true ## +# let your heart be true -AT: "be wholly devoted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"be wholly devoted" + +# walk in his statutes + +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "always obey his statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/62.md b/1ki/08/62.md index 181e881657..099b77b8e4 100644 --- a/1ki/08/62.md +++ b/1ki/08/62.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## all Israel with him ## +# all Israel with him ... all the people of Israel -This may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](./01.md), or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +These generalizations may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](./01.md), or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# twenty-two thousand oxen + +"22,000 oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 120,000 sheep + +"one hundred twenty thousand sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/64.md b/1ki/08/64.md index 5b67c0a99f..fb546e7c2a 100644 --- a/1ki/08/64.md +++ b/1ki/08/64.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the bronze altar that was before Yahweh ## +# the bronze altar that was before Yahweh -Since the temple is Yahweh's dwelling place among his people, the altar is described as in his presence. AT: "the bronze altar that was in Yahweh's presence" \ No newline at end of file +"the bronze altar that was in Yahweh's presence." Since the temple is Yahweh's dwelling place among his people, the altar is described as being in his presence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/65.md b/1ki/08/65.md index 1131a190f6..53b149c5e5 100644 --- a/1ki/08/65.md +++ b/1ki/08/65.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## all Israel with him ## +# all Israel with him -See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 8:62](./62.md). +This generalization may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](./01.md), or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:62](./62.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## seven days...seven days...fourteen days ## +# seven days ... seven days ... fourteen days -AT: "7 days...7 days...14 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"7 days ... 7 days ... 14 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## joyful and glad ## +# eighth day + +The word "eighth" is the ordinal form of "8." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# joyful and glad The two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/08/intro.md b/1ki/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..41eea3975f --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Kings 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The ark is placed in the new temple. This is a very significant event in the history of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Celebration of the temple's completion ##### +When the temple was finished, Solomon told all of the people to come to Jerusalem. They took the ark out of the tent and brought it to the temple. Then Solomon prayed that God would hear and answer prayers made to him when they faced towards the temple. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### +Solomon prayed that God would respond to people's prayers using an idiom: "that your eyes may be open to the request of your servant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/01.md b/1ki/09/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6a4d7704ce..0000000000 --- a/1ki/09/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/03.md b/1ki/09/03.md index 15eeb0336e..65c7264df1 100644 --- a/1ki/09/03.md +++ b/1ki/09/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## to put my name there forever ## +# your prayer and your request -AT: "to dwell there and to claim possession of it forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh recognized that Solomon's request was sincere. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:28](../08/27.md). AT: "your request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## my eyes and my heart will be there ## +# to put my name there forever -AT: "I will protect and care for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The name is a metonym for the person. AT: "to dwell there and to claim possession of it forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## my eyes and my heart ## +# My eyes and my heart will be there -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The eyes and heart are synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "I will protect and care for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/04.md b/1ki/09/04.md index 64b490f774..ea4a1ec564 100644 --- a/1ki/09/04.md +++ b/1ki/09/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## if you walk before me as David your father walked ## +# if you walk before me as David your father walked -AT: "if you live the way I want you to live, just as David your father did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "if you live the way I want you to live, just as David your father did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in integrity of heart and in uprightness ## +# in integrity of heart and in uprightness -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how righteous David was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the throne of your kingdom ## +# the throne of your kingdom -AT: "your dynasty" or "your reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "throne" refers to his reign. AT: "your dynasty" or "your reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## will never fail to be on the throne of Israel ## +# will never fail to be on the throne of Israel -AT: "will always rule over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The action of ruling a kingdom is spoken of as if it were a person sitting on a throne. This can be expressed positively. AT: "will always rule over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/06.md b/1ki/09/06.md index e72136cb4f..733dc4b21e 100644 --- a/1ki/09/06.md +++ b/1ki/09/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## my commandments and my statutes ## +# my commandments and my statutes -Here the words "commandments" and "statutes" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here the words "commandments" and "statutes" mean basically the same thing and emphasize all that Yahweh has commanded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## worship other gods and bow down to them ## +# worship other gods and bow down to them These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## consecrated for my name ## +# set apart to my name -AT: "set apart for myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "name" is a metonym for the person who possesses something. AT: "set apart for myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will cast it out of my sight ## +# I will cast it out of my sight -AT: "I will reject it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "sight" can be expressed with the verb "see." Looking at something is a metaphor for protecting it. AT: "I will put it where I no longer have to see it" or "I will get rid of it so I no longer have to protect it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/08.md b/1ki/09/08.md index 10752dbe1f..3eb212465d 100644 --- a/1ki/09/08.md +++ b/1ki/09/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## though this temple is so lofty ## +# This temple will become a heap of ruins -AT: "though this temple is very big and beautiful" +"This temple will be destroyed and its remains will be piled into a high mound" -## will be shocked and will hiss ## +# will be shocked and will hiss -AT: "will express amazement and make-a-sound-of-disrespect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will express amazement and make a sound of disrespect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## bowed down to them and worshiped them ## +# bowed down to them and worshiped them -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase "bowed down to them" describes the posture that people used in worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/10.md b/1ki/09/10.md index 880bff14bd..1de735c3c9 100644 --- a/1ki/09/10.md +++ b/1ki/09/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## It came about ## +# It came about -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way of doing this, you could consider using it here. -## at the end of twenty years ## +# at the end of twenty years -AT: "after 20 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"after 20 years" -## Solomon had finished building ## +# Solomon had finished building -AT: "Solomon's workers had finished building" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/12.md b/1ki/09/12.md index 13dadee6cc..27844d98a4 100644 --- a/1ki/09/12.md +++ b/1ki/09/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## What cities are these which you have given me, my brother? ## +# What cities are these which you have given me, my brother? -AT: "These cities that you have given me are good for nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Hiram is rebuking Solomon. This questions can be translated as a statement. AT: "These cities that you have given me are good for nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## which they are still called today ## +# which they are still called today -AT: "and people still call them that today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and people still call them that today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## 120 talents of gold ## +# 120 talents of gold -A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 34 kilograms. AT: "about 4,000 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) \ No newline at end of file +"one hundred and twenty talents of gold." A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. AT: "about 4,000 kilograms of gold." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/15.md b/1ki/09/15.md index f18c436f27..4dd60f2f16 100644 --- a/1ki/09/15.md +++ b/1ki/09/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the reason for the requirement to work which king Solomon imposed ## +# the account of the forced labor which King Solomon imposed -AT: "the reason that king Solomon required men to work" +"the account of Solomon requiring men to work" -## to build the Millo ## +# the Millo -Possible meanings are 1) "to build the terrace system" or 2) "to build the landfill" (UDB). +Possible meanings are 1) "the terrace system" or 2) "the landfill." -## Pharaoh king of Egypt had gone up ## +# Pharaoh king of Egypt had gone up -AT: "The army of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, had gone up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The person is a metonym for the army he commands. AT: "The army of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, had gone up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/17.md b/1ki/09/17.md index 8668a64576..df4c2e647b 100644 --- a/1ki/09/17.md +++ b/1ki/09/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## So Solomon rebuilt Gezer ## +# So Solomon rebuilt Gezer -AT: "So Solomon's workers rebuilt Gezer" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/20.md b/1ki/09/20.md deleted file mode 100644 index 08fce29dfd..0000000000 --- a/1ki/09/20.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/22.md b/1ki/09/22.md index f870f4bee3..5adf47cc99 100644 --- a/1ki/09/22.md +++ b/1ki/09/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Solomon made no forced laborers of the people of Israel ## +# Solomon made no forced laborers of the people of Israel -AT: "Solomon did not force the people of Israel to labor" \ No newline at end of file +"Solomon did not force the people of Israel to labor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/23.md b/1ki/09/23.md index 65076e758b..1ca76ff005 100644 --- a/1ki/09/23.md +++ b/1ki/09/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## 550 of them ## +# 550 of them -AT: "five hundred and fifty of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"five hundred and fifty of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/24.md b/1ki/09/24.md index 93486f4b06..ddc3a5ebb6 100644 --- a/1ki/09/24.md +++ b/1ki/09/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## built the Millo ## +# built the Millo -See how you translated "the Millo" in [1 Kings 9:15](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "built the terrace system" or 2) "built the landfill." See how you translated "the Millo" in [1 Kings 9:15](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/25.md b/1ki/09/25.md index 21e0ac1484..f560527796 100644 --- a/1ki/09/25.md +++ b/1ki/09/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## altar that was before Yahweh ## +# altar that was before Yahweh See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 8:64](../08/64.md). -## So he completed the temple ## +# So he completed the temple -AT: "So his workers completed the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Solomon is a metonym for the workers he hired to do the work. AT: "So his workers completed the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/26.md b/1ki/09/26.md index abf02401b1..63b4d6e03b 100644 --- a/1ki/09/26.md +++ b/1ki/09/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## King Solomon built ## +# King Solomon built -AT: "King Solomon's workers built" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## a fleet of ships ## +# a fleet of ships "a large group of ships" -## 420 talents of gold ## +# 420 talents of gold -A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 34 kilograms. AT: “about 14,000 kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) \ No newline at end of file +"four hundred and twenty talents of gold." A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. AT: "about 14,000 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/09/intro.md b/1ki/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ab9211bdcc --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Kings 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +There are two parts to this chapter. Verses 1–9 is a dream in which God warned Solomon that he and his descendants were not to worship idols. If they did this, the temple would be destroyed. Verses 10–28 is about Solomon's extensive building and his partnership with Hiram, king of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Worship only Yahweh ##### +Yahweh alone must be worshiped. It is necessary for people to stay faithful to God and not worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +'Walk" is a common image in Scripture. It is said, "if you walk before me as David your father walked." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/walk]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/01.md b/1ki/10/01.md index 43201cb1d4..f48f7495ca 100644 --- a/1ki/10/01.md +++ b/1ki/10/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Solomon’s fame concerning the name of Yahweh ## +# Solomon's fame concerning the name of Yahweh -Possible meanings are 1) "Solomon's fame which glorified Yahweh" or 2) "Solomon's fame which Yahweh had given him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here Yahweh is represented by his "name." Possible meanings are 1) AT: "Solomon's fame, which glorified Yahweh" or 2) AT: "Solomon's fame, which Yahweh had given him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## all that was in her heart ## +# all that was in her heart -AT: "everything on her mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a generalization. AT: "everything she wanted to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/03.md b/1ki/10/03.md index b9a4a2f0e0..e5b22af843 100644 --- a/1ki/10/03.md +++ b/1ki/10/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the seating of his servants ## +# the seating of his servants Possible meanings are 1) "how his servants were seated around the table" or 2) "where his servants lived." -## there was no more spirit in her ## +# there was no more breath in her -AT: "she was breathless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "she was utterly amazed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/06.md b/1ki/10/06.md index c5df3566e2..64d6260152 100644 --- a/1ki/10/06.md +++ b/1ki/10/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## your words and your wisdom ## +# I heard in my own land -Here the words "words" and "wisdom" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]). +"I heard while I was in my own land" -## my eyes have seen it ## +# your words and your wisdom -AT: "I have seen it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "wisdom" can describe the word "words." AT: "your wise sayings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]). -## Not half was told me ## +# my eyes have seen it -AT: "People told me very little" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "my eyes" emphasizes that she herself saw it. AT: "I have seen it for myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Not half was told me about your wisdom and wealth + +This can be stated without the passive form. AT: "They did not tell me about even half of your wisdom and wealth" or "You are much more wise and wealthy than what they told me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/08.md b/1ki/10/08.md index 5bfb3112ff..8b0bfe4346 100644 --- a/1ki/10/08.md +++ b/1ki/10/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## who constantly stand before you ## +# who constantly stand before you -AT: "who are always in your presence" (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "who are always in your presence waiting to serve you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## May Yahweh your God be praised ## +# May Yahweh your God be praised -AT: "May people praise Yahweh your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people praise Yahweh your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## who placed you on the throne of Israel ## +# who placed you on the throne of Israel -AT: "who made you king of Israel" (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The throne is a metonym for the king who sits on it. AT: "who made you king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/10.md b/1ki/10/10.md index c366a4b12d..423a7cab1e 100644 --- a/1ki/10/10.md +++ b/1ki/10/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## talent ## +# 120 talents of gold -A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 34 kilograms. AT: “about 4,000 kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +"one hundred and twenty talents of gold." A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. AT: "about 4,000 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## No greater amount of spices...was ever given to Him ## +# No greater amount of spices ... was ever given to him again -AT: "No one ever again gave to King Solomon more spices than the queen of Sheba gave to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one ever again gave to King Solomon more spices than the queen of Sheba gave to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/11.md b/1ki/10/11.md index e50f9974fa..aa23bbd7bd 100644 --- a/1ki/10/11.md +++ b/1ki/10/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## The king made almug wood pillars ## +# The king made -AT: "The king's workers made almug wood pillars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. AT: "The king told his people to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## or been seen again ## +# almug wood -AT: "nor has anyone again seen such quantity (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +a type of wood, possibly one with a pleasant scent (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# or been seen again + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nor has anyone ever seen such a great quantity again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to this day + +This means to the day that the author was writing this. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/13.md b/1ki/10/13.md index b50a52cd4b..e99d8c3762 100644 --- a/1ki/10/13.md +++ b/1ki/10/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## everything she wished for, whatever she asked ## +# everything she wished for, whatever she asked These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## of his royal bounty ## +# of his royal bounty -"out of his usual royal generosity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"because as king he had so much" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/14.md b/1ki/10/14.md index 58704ea0f9..870f3769e7 100644 --- a/1ki/10/14.md +++ b/1ki/10/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## in one year ## +# in one year -This refers to every year of Solomon's reign, and not to just one time. AT: "each year" (UDB) +"each year." This refers to every year of Solomon's reign, and not to just one time. -## 666 talents of gold ## +# 666 talents of gold -A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 34 kilograms. AT: “more than 22,000 kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) \ No newline at end of file +"six hundred sixty-six." A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. AT: "almost 22,000 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/16.md b/1ki/10/16.md index 2c5b02f1b3..2d6785afc7 100644 --- a/1ki/10/16.md +++ b/1ki/10/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## King Solomon made ## +# King Solomon made -AT: "King Solomon's workers made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. AT: "King Solomon's men made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## two hundred large shields ## +# two hundred large shields -AT: "200 large shields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"200 large shields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Six hundred shekels of gold ## +# Six hundred shekels of gold -A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 6.6 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "About 6.6 kilograms of gold" or "Six and one half kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## three hundred shields ## +# Six hundred shekels -AT: "300 shields" +Because the word "shekels" does not appear here in the Hebrew text, some modern versions assume instead the unit of bekah, which was equivalent to only a half shekel. Any version making this assumption would signal a metric equivalent of about three kilograms. -## Three minas of gold ## +# He also made -A mina is a unit of weight equal to about 600 grams. AT: "about 1.8 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. AT: "The king's men also made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon ## +# three hundred shields -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 7:1](../07/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +"300 shields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Three minas of gold + +A mina is a unit of weight equal to about 550 grams. AT: "About 1.7 kilograms of gold" or "One and three-quarters kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon + +"the house called the House of the Lebanon Forest." See how you translated this in [1 Kings 7:2](../07/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/18.md b/1ki/10/18.md index aeb0e036d9..e29ccffca1 100644 --- a/1ki/10/18.md +++ b/1ki/10/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the king made ## +# the king made -AT: "the king's workers made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped the king do this. AT: "the king's men made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## throne of ivory ## +# throne of ivory -Ivory refers to the hard white substance from the tusks of elephants. \ No newline at end of file +Ivory is the hard, white substance from the tusks or teeth of large animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/21.md b/1ki/10/21.md index 7a511ea2cb..101bfc6f77 100644 --- a/1ki/10/21.md +++ b/1ki/10/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon ## +# the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 7:1](../07/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +"the house called the House of the Lebanon Forest." See how you translated this in [1 Kings 7:2](../07/01.md). + +# ivory + +Ivory is the hard, white substance from the tusks or teeth of large animals. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 10:18](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# apes and baboons + +These animals live wild in Africa. At the ends of their four limbs are what look like human hands and feet, and they have long tails. Some people consider baboons a type of ape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/23.md b/1ki/10/23.md index 93f18514ef..1bdb1c1cbd 100644 --- a/1ki/10/23.md +++ b/1ki/10/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## All the earth ## +# All the earth -AT: "People from everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is a generalization. AT: "People from everywhere" or "People from many different places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## sought the presence of Solomon ## +# sought the presence of Solomon -AT: "sought an audience with Solomon" or "wanted to visit Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The presence of the person is a metonym for being able to speak and listen to the person. AT: "sought an audience with Solomon" or "wanted to visit Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## which God had put in his heart ## +# to hear his wisdom, which God had put in his heart -AT: "which God had put in his mind" or "which God had given him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The heart is a metonym for what a person thinks and is spoken of as if it were a container. The abstract noun "wisdom" is spoken of as if it were an object that could be put in a container and can be translated as an adjective. It can be a metonym for either the person or the words the person speaks. AT: "to hear his wisdom, which God had given him" or "to hear how wise God had enabled him to be" or "to hear him speak the wise words that God had enabled him to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/26.md b/1ki/10/26.md index 0b63a3ebb0..329c1d683e 100644 --- a/1ki/10/26.md +++ b/1ki/10/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## a thousand four hundred chariots and twelve thousand horsemen ## +# 1,400 chariots and twelve thousand horsemen -AT: "1,400 chariots and 12,000 horsemen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"one thousand four hundred chariots and 12,000 horsemen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# The king had silver in Jerusalem, as much as the stones on the ground + +The narrator uses exaggeration to emphasize the great amount of silver that was in Jerusalem. AT: "The king had so much silver in Jerusalem, it was like there was as much silver as there was stones on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/28.md b/1ki/10/28.md index a1dd2f3f3c..1a2b9ad462 100644 --- a/1ki/10/28.md +++ b/1ki/10/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## that had been bought from Egypt ## +# that had been bought from Egypt -AT: "that his merchants had bought from Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that his merchants had bought from people in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Chariots were purchased ## +# Kue -AT: "His merchants purchased chariots" +This is the name of a region. Some think that Kue was the same as Cilicia, in Asia Minor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## six hundred shekels of silver...150 shekels ## +# Chariots were purchased -A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: “about 6.6 kilograms of silver...about 1.7 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "His merchants purchased chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Many of these were then sold ## +# six hundred shekels of silver ... 150 shekels -AT: "His merchants then sold many of these" \ No newline at end of file +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 6.6 kilograms of silver ... about 1.7 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# six hundred shekels of silver + +"600 shekels of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 150 shekels + +"one hundred and fifty shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Many of these were then sold + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "His merchants then sold many of these" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/10/intro.md b/1ki/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c21013459f --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Kings 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +There are two parts to this chapter: The fame of Solomon's wisdom and the wealth of his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +==Queen of Sheba == +King Solomon became so famous for his wisdom that the queen of Sheba (modern day Yemen) came all the way to see him and was deeply impressed. God promised him great wealth and he became famously rich. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/01.md b/1ki/11/01.md index 8ab794c522..55636fe154 100644 --- a/1ki/11/01.md +++ b/1ki/11/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Now King Solomon ## +# Now King Solomon The word "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline where the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. -## turn your heart to their gods ## +# Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Sidonians, and Hittites -AT: "persuade you to worship the gods that they worship"(UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# turn your heart to their gods + +To "turn someone's heart" is to convince that person to change his affection. AT: "persuade you to worship the gods that they worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/03.md b/1ki/11/03.md index 221cf773ab..580f49cc7b 100644 --- a/1ki/11/03.md +++ b/1ki/11/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## seven hundred royal wives and three hundred concubines ## +# seven hundred royal wives and three hundred concubines -AT: "700 royal wives and 300 concubines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"700 royal wives and 300 concubines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## turned his heart away ## +# turned his heart away -AT: "turned his heart away from Yahweh" or "persuaded him to stop worshiping Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +To "turn someone's heart" is to convince that person to change his affection. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Kings 11:01](./01.md). AT: "turned his heart away from Yahweh" or "persuaded him to stop worshiping Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## his heart was not fully surrendered ## +# his heart was not fully surrendered ... as was the heart of David -AT: "he was not fully devoted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +To "surrender" your heart refers to giving total allegiance and affection. AT: "he was not fully devoted ... as was David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/05.md b/1ki/11/05.md index 234127615f..d0406c4de1 100644 --- a/1ki/11/05.md +++ b/1ki/11/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## what was evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# Ashtoreth ... Molech -AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +These are the names of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## he followed Milcom ## +# Sidonians -"Milcom" is perhaps another name for the idol "Molech" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he followed Molech + +Some version render this as "Milcom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The phrase, "in the sight of" refers to someone's opinion. AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/07.md b/1ki/11/07.md index 18482cd985..127979e077 100644 --- a/1ki/11/07.md +++ b/1ki/11/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## sacrificed to their gods at them ## +# Chemosh ... Molech + +These are the names of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# sacrificed to their gods at them Here the words "at them" refer to the shrines that Solomon built. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/09.md b/1ki/11/09.md index c894462853..d2ccafc673 100644 --- a/1ki/11/09.md +++ b/1ki/11/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## his heart had turned away from him ## +# his heart had turned away from him -That is, "Solomon's heart had turned away from Yahweh." AT: "Solomon stopped worshiping Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The words "his heart had turned" refer to his having changed allegiance and affection. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Kings 11:01](./01.md). AT: "Solomon had stopped worshiping Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he had appeared to him twice ## +# he had appeared to him twice -That is, "Yahweh had appeared to Solomon twice." \ No newline at end of file +"Yahweh had appeared to Solomon twice" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/11.md b/1ki/11/11.md index f54851131b..fcffcd6e20 100644 --- a/1ki/11/11.md +++ b/1ki/11/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## tear the kingdom from you ## +# tear the kingdom from you -God will forcefully remove most of the kingdom from Solomon's descendants like a person tears a piece of cloth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +To "tear from" is to forcefully remove. This is like a person tears apart a piece of cloth. AT: "forcefully take the kingdom from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the hand of your son ## +# the hand of your son -AT: "your son's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "hand" refers to control, authority and power. AT: "your son's control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/14.md b/1ki/11/14.md index 00459bf2a9..13718d772d 100644 --- a/1ki/11/14.md +++ b/1ki/11/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## When David was in Edom...since Hadad was still a little child ## +# Hadad + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# When David was in Edom ... since Hadad was still a little child This is background material that happened long before. -## Joab and all Israel ## +# Joab and all Israel -AT: "Joab and all of the Israelite army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The words "all Israel" refer to the army of Israel. AT: "Joab and all of the Israelite army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Hadad was taken with other Edomites by his father’s servants ## +# But Hadad was taken with other Edomites by his father's servants -AT: "the servants of Hadad's father had taken him with other Edomites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. "But the servants of Hadad's father took him with other Edomites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/18.md b/1ki/11/18.md index a643d0a6c9..b0cc48ec13 100644 --- a/1ki/11/18.md +++ b/1ki/11/18.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -This section continues the background information that began in [1 Kings 11:14](./14.md). +# General Information: -## They left Midian ## +This section continues the background information that began in [1 Kings 11:15](./14.md). -Here the word "They" refers to Hadad and the other Edomites mentioned in [1 Kings 11:14](./14.md). \ No newline at end of file +# They left Midian + +Here the word "They" refers to Hadad and the other Edomites mentioned in [1 Kings 11:17](./14.md). + +# Midian ... Paran ... Egypt + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Tahpenes + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/20.md b/1ki/11/20.md index 08ee68d460..f37d3d2201 100644 --- a/1ki/11/20.md +++ b/1ki/11/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## David was sleeping with his ancestors ## +# Tahpenes -This is a polite way of saying David was dead. AT: "David was dead" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Genubath ... Hadad + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# David had lain down with his ancestors + +This is a polite way of saying David was dead. AT: "David had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/23.md b/1ki/11/23.md index 03c9fedd15..f06b620270 100644 --- a/1ki/11/23.md +++ b/1ki/11/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## when David defeated ## +# Rezon ... Eliada ... Hadadezer -AT: "when David's army killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Rezon abhorred Israel ## +# Zobah ... Damascus ... Aram + +These are the name of locations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# when David defeated + +Here "David" refers to David and his army. AT: "when David's army overcame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all the days of Solomon + +"during the time that Solomon was alive" or "all the days of Solomon's life" + +# Rezon abhorred Israel "Rezon hated Israel very much" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/26.md b/1ki/11/26.md index 3f0cbcb58b..3b5857eb81 100644 --- a/1ki/11/26.md +++ b/1ki/11/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## he lifted up his hand against the king ## +# Jeroboam ... Nebat -AT: "rebelled against the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Solomon built the Millo ## +# Zeredah ... Millo -See how you translated "the Millo" in [1 Kings 9:15](../09/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of locations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zeruah + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# lifted up his hand against the king + +The word "hand" refers to authority, power and control. The phrase "lifted up against" refers to having opposed someone by using authority, power and control. This is a metonymy used as a common idiom. AT: "rebelled against the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Solomon had built up the place located at Millo + +Translate "Millo" as in [1 Kings 9:15](../09/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/28.md b/1ki/11/28.md index 8432caf1dc..7a6a36ed1e 100644 --- a/1ki/11/28.md +++ b/1ki/11/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## a mighty man of valor ## +# a mighty man of valor -Possible meanings are 1) "a great warrior," 2) "a very capable man" (UDB), or 3) "a wealthy and influential man." +Possible meanings are 1) "a great warrior" or 2) "a very capable man" or 3) "a wealthy and influential man." -## he gave him command ## +# he gave him command -"he made him commander" \ No newline at end of file +"he made him commander" + +# all the labor + +The word "labor" refers to the work that Solomon commanded the people to do for his government. This is a metonymy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Joseph + +This refers to the descendants of Joseph who were the people groups of Ephraim and Manasseh. This is a metonymy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Ahijah + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shilonite + +The Shilonites are a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/31.md b/1ki/11/31.md index 615c450ea8..08c8ccef9f 100644 --- a/1ki/11/31.md +++ b/1ki/11/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## He said ## +# He said Here the word "He" refers to Ahijah. -## tear the kingdom ## +# tear the kingdom out -See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 11:11](./11.md). +Here "tear ... out" is a metaphor that refers to the action of forcefully removing. This is like a person tears apart a piece of cloth. See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 11:11](./11.md). AT: "forcefully take the kingdom out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the hand of Solomon ## +# the hand of Solomon -AT: “Solomon's power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "hand" is a metonym that refers to a person's authority, control and power. AT: "Solomon's control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Solomon will have ## +# Solomon will have -AT: "Solomon's son will have" or "Solomon's descendants will have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The name "Solomon" here is a metonym referring to his descendants. AT: "Solomon's sons will have" or "Solomon's descendants will have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## what is right in my eyes ## +# Ashtoreth ... Chemosh ... Molech -AT: "what I consider to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Sidonians ... Moab ... Ammon + +These are the names of locations and the people groups that live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# what is right in my eyes + +"Eyes" here is a metonym for someone's opinion or idea. This is a commonly used idiom. AT: "what I consider to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/34.md b/1ki/11/34.md index 200773df78..f5f242eebf 100644 --- a/1ki/11/34.md +++ b/1ki/11/34.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Ahijah continues to tell Jeroboam what Yahweh has said. -## I will not take ## +# I will not take Here the word "I" refers to Yahweh. -## out of Solomon's hand ## +# out of Solomon's hand -AT: "out of Solomon's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "hand" is a metonym that refers to a person's authority, control and power. AT: "out of Solomon's control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will give to you ## +# I will give it to you Here the word "you" refers to Jeroboam. -## may have a lamp always before me ## +# may always have a lamp before me -AT: "will have a descendant to rule as a reminder of my covenant with David's family." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "lamp" is a metonym that refers to a person's influence and guidance. AT: "will always have a descendant to rule as an influence and a guide for obeying my covenant with David's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/37.md b/1ki/11/37.md index dd3f4a9d84..358b5733dd 100644 --- a/1ki/11/37.md +++ b/1ki/11/37.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Ahijah continues to tell Jeroboam what Yahweh has said. -## I will take you ## +# I will take you Here the word "I" refers to Yahweh and the word "you" refers to Jeroboam. -## what is right in my eyes ## +# what is right in my eyes -See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 11:31](./31.md). +The word "eyes" here is a metonym for someone's opinion or idea. This is a commonly used idiom. See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 11:33](./31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## build you a sure house ## +# build you a sure house -AT: "establish for you a lasting kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The clause "build a house" is a metaphor for establishing descendants from that time on. AT: "establish for you a lasting kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/40.md b/1ki/11/40.md index 08fce29dfd..a20d77dfe0 100644 --- a/1ki/11/40.md +++ b/1ki/11/40.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# Shishak + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/41.md b/1ki/11/41.md index 3979e0ca0e..40d9908ea3 100644 --- a/1ki/11/41.md +++ b/1ki/11/41.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## are they not written in The Book of the Events of Solomon? ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of Solomon? -AT: "people have written them in The Book of the Events of Solomon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. AT: "you can find them in the book of the events of Solomon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## The Book of the Events of Solomon ## +# the book of the events of Solomon -This refers to a book that no longer exists. +This book no longer exists. -## He slept with his ancestors ## +# He slept with his ancestors and he was buried -AT: "He died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The clause "slept with his ancestors" is a metaphor that expresses as a euphemism the death of a person in more gentle words. AT: "He died and he was buried with his ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## he was buried ## +# he was buried -AT: "people buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "people buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/11/intro.md b/1ki/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1df5368d60 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Kings 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the end of the story of Solomon. (Chapters 1-11) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Intermarriage with Gentiles ##### +God had told the people of Israel in Moses's law never to marry women from the Gentile nations. But Solomon married many women from Gentile countries. This was because their religious beliefs would negatively affect Israel. Solomon, the wisest man, became a fool and his wives persuaded him to worship foolish idols. God became angry and warned he would take away 10 tribes from the kingdom of his son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/01.md b/1ki/12/01.md index 7bd4c1d48e..21712bdbf3 100644 --- a/1ki/12/01.md +++ b/1ki/12/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## all Israel was coming ## +# all Israel was coming -AT: "all the men of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here "Israel" represents all the men of Israel capable of fighting. Here "all Israel" is a generalization which means almost all the men of Israel. AT: "all the men of Israel were coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## It happened that ## +# It happened that -This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. \ No newline at end of file +This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# Jeroboam ... Nebat + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/03.md b/1ki/12/03.md index 626bf24eb7..46d3d47703 100644 --- a/1ki/12/03.md +++ b/1ki/12/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## they sent and called ## - -The words "sent" and "called" are used together for emphasis. AT: "they sent someone to summon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -## called him ## +# called him Here the word "him" refers to Jeroboam. -## made our yoke difficult ## +# made our yoke heavy -AT: "treated us cruelly" or "forced us to work very hard" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +A heavy yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and requirements. AT: "treated us cruelly" or "forced us to work very hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/06.md b/1ki/12/06.md index 1f0aea88bf..0bddb8b16c 100644 --- a/1ki/12/06.md +++ b/1ki/12/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the old men who had stood before Solomon ## +# the old men who had stood before Solomon -AT: "the old men who counseled Solomon" or "the old men who attended to Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +To "stand before" is an idiom for serving the king in his presence. AT: "the old men who counseled Solomon" or "the old men who attended to Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/08.md b/1ki/12/08.md index 4005cab32b..8d76c244e6 100644 --- a/1ki/12/08.md +++ b/1ki/12/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## who stood before him ## +# Lighten the yoke that your father put on us -AT: “who counseled him” or “who attended to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## Lighten the yoke that your father put on us ## - -AT: "Do not treat us as cruelly as your father did" or "do not force us to work as hard as your father did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +To "lighten the yoke" is a metaphor to represent lifting of the burden. AT: "Do not treat us as cruelly as your father did" or "Do not force us to work as hard as your father did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/10.md b/1ki/12/10.md index b9135ce89d..c1f84c566d 100644 --- a/1ki/12/10.md +++ b/1ki/12/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## My little finger is thicker than my father's waist ## +# My little finger is thicker than my father's waist -This means that Rehoboam is meaner and more intimidating than his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This metaphor means that Rehoboam is more cruel and intimidating than his father. AT: "What I will do to make your burden heavier is much more than what my father put on you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions ## +# My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions -This means that the punishment Rehoboam plans to give will be worse than what his father gave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This metaphor means that the punishment Rehoboam plans to give will be worse than what his father gave. AT: "My father used whips to force you to work but I will use even crueler punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## punish you with scorpions ## +# punish you with scorpions -The word "scorpions" may refer to 1) a whip with sharp metal barbs on the end, or 2) a spider-like creature that has a poisonous sting. \ No newline at end of file +The word "scorpions" may refer to 1) a whip with sharp metal barbs on the end or 2) a spider-like creature that has a poisonous sting. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/12.md b/1ki/12/12.md index ec7d10328d..f690f11581 100644 --- a/1ki/12/12.md +++ b/1ki/12/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## My father burdened you...punish you with scorpions ## +# burdened you with a heavy yoke -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 12:10](./10.md). \ No newline at end of file +A heavy yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and requirements. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 12:4](./03.md). AT: "treated you cruelly" or "forced you to work very hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions + +This metaphor means that the punishment Rehoboam plans to give will be worse than what his father gave. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 12:11](./10.md). AT: "My father used whips to force you to work but I will use even crueler punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/15.md b/1ki/12/15.md index b4be2a07cb..77d45eef98 100644 --- a/1ki/12/15.md +++ b/1ki/12/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## it was a turn in events brought about by Yahweh ## +# it was a turn of events brought about by Yahweh -AT: "Yahweh caused things to happen like this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom and can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh caused things to happen like this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his word that he had spoken by Ahijah ... to Jeroboam + +The idiom "had spoken by" someone refers to giving someone a message to tell others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Ahijah ... Jeroboam ... Nebat + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shilonite + +This is the name of a people group from the town of Shiloh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/16.md b/1ki/12/16.md index 07deb24d9a..afaf412a76 100644 --- a/1ki/12/16.md +++ b/1ki/12/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## When all Israel ## +# all Israel -"When all the people of Israel who were present" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here "Israel" represents all he men of Israel capable of fighting. "All Israel" is a generalization which means almost all the men of Israel. AT: "all the men of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## What share do we have in David? ## +# What share do we have in David? -AT: "We will have no part in the family of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Share" is a metonym meaning a part, involvement, or interest. This question can be translated as a simple statement. AT: "We will have no part in the family of David." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## We have no inheritance in the son of Jesse ## +# We have no inheritance in the son of Jesse -David is the son of Jesse. AT: "We will have nothing to do with the descendants of Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Son of Jesse" is a metonym for David, a son of Jesse. "Inheritance" is a metonym for the part left for these people from David's successes. AT: "We will have nothing to do with the descendants of Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Go to your tents, Israel ## +# Go to your tents, Israel -AT: "Go to your homes, people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Tents" is a metonym representing a person's place of residence. AT: "Go to your homes, people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Now see to your own house, David ## +# Now see to your own house, David -AT: "Now take care of your own kingdom, descendant of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"House" is a metonym for David's lineage of power and prestige. AT: "Now take care of your own kingdom, descendant of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/18.md b/1ki/12/18.md index a8395c237d..9c2d19d2d5 100644 --- a/1ki/12/18.md +++ b/1ki/12/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## all Israel stoned him ## +# Adoniram -AT: "all the people of Israel who were there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the house of David ## +# all Israel -AT: "the kings descended from David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Israel" is a metonym for the people of Israel. "All Israel" is a generalization which means almost all the people of Israel. AT: "all the people of Israel who were there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the house of David + +Here "house" is a metonym that represents family or descendants. AT: "the kings descended from David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to this day + +"ever since that time." This refers to the time that the writer was actually writing this. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/20.md b/1ki/12/20.md index 93a7322cb2..8ca2b16e30 100644 --- a/1ki/12/20.md +++ b/1ki/12/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## It happened that ## +# It happened that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## when all Israel heard ## +# when all Israel heard -AT: "when all the leaders of Israel heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"All Israel" is a generalization that means the capable men of Israel who represent the rest of the people by a synecdoche. AT: "when all the leaders of Israel heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## king over all Israel ## +# king over all Israel -AT: "king over all of the 10 tribes of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"Israel" implicitly means the northern ten tribes that rebelled against Rehoboam. AT: "king over all of the 10 tribes of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the family of David ## +# the family of David -AT: "David's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## the tribe of Judah ## - -AT: "the people of the tribe of Judah" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"David's descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/21.md b/1ki/12/21.md index c35458223c..70e464e12e 100644 --- a/1ki/12/21.md +++ b/1ki/12/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the house of Judah ## +# all the house of Judah and the tribe of Benjamin -This refers to the people from the tribe of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "house" is a metonym that represents a tribe or descendants. And, here "tribe" refers specifically to the soldiers from those tribes. AT: "all the soldiers from the tribes of Judah and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## 180,000 chosen men who were soldiers ## +# 180,000 chosen men -AT: "180,000 carefully selected soldiers" or "180,000 of the best soldiers" +"one hundred eighty thousand chosen men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the house of Israel ## +# the house of Israel -This refers to the people from the 10 northern tribes. \ No newline at end of file +Here "house" represents the kingdom made up of the 10 northern tribes of Israel. AT: "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of the northern tribes of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/22.md b/1ki/12/22.md index 8583399b7d..2442dd2580 100644 --- a/1ki/12/22.md +++ b/1ki/12/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## the man of God ## +# the word of God came ... it said -This is another title for a prophet. AT: "the prophet." +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. AT: "God spoke this message ... and he said" or "God spoke these words ... and he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## all the house of Judah and Benjamin ## +# Shemaiah -AT: “all the people of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin” (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## your brothers the people of Israel ## +# the man of God -The words "brothers" and "people of Israel" both refer to the men of the ten northern tribes and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The expression "man of God" is a respectful way of referring to a prophet of Yahweh. AT: "the man who belongs to God" or "the prophet of God" -## for this thing has been made to happen by me ## +# all the house of Judah and Benjamin -AT: "because I have made this thing happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "house" is a metonym that represents a tribe or descendants. AT: "all the people from the tribes of Judah and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your brothers the people of Israel + +The words "brothers" and "people of Israel" are a doublet that refer to the men of the ten northern tribes and emphasize the family relationship between them and the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# for this thing has been made to happen by me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because I have made this thing happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/25.md b/1ki/12/25.md index d4e4fbd0aa..e52c592b46 100644 --- a/1ki/12/25.md +++ b/1ki/12/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Jeroboam built Shechem ## +# thought in his heart -AT: "Jeroboam's workers built Shechem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Heart" is a metonym for a person's inner consciousness, thoughts, motivation, or feelings. AT: "thought to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## thought in his heart ## +# the house of David -AT: "thought to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "house" is a metonym representing family or descendants. AT: "the kings descended from David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the house of David ## - -AT: "the kings descended from David" - -## If these people go up ## +# If these people go up The words "these people" refer to the people of the northern ten tribes of Israel. -## turn again to their master, to Rehoboam king of Judah...return to Rehoboam king of Judah ## +# the heart of these people -These phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Heart" is a metonym for the people's allegiance and affection. AT: "the allegiance of these people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# turn again to their master, to Rehoboam king of Judah ... return to Rehoboam king of Judah + +These phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize Jeroboam's fear that the people would turn again to Rehoboam as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/28.md b/1ki/12/28.md index 773328145c..c8687f0a8f 100644 --- a/1ki/12/28.md +++ b/1ki/12/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## brought you up ## +# brought you up -AT: "brought your ancestors up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"You" here is a metonym for the ancestors of the people. AT: "brought your ancestors up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/31.md b/1ki/12/31.md index 45b0d5eb06..3ad1903137 100644 --- a/1ki/12/31.md +++ b/1ki/12/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Jeroboam made temples ## +# Jeroboam made houses on high places -AT: "Jeroboam's workers made temples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The workers who did this at Jeroboam's commands are represented by the metonym of the name of Jeroboam himself. AT: "Jeroboam's workers made houses on high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## made priests ## +# houses on high places -AT: "appointed men to be priests" +The implied information is that these were houses of worship. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "houses of worship on high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## all the people ## +# made priests -AT: "all the people of the ten northern tribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"appointed men to be priests" -## in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month ## +# in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month -The eighth month corresponds to October-November. AT: "on the fifteenth day of the eighth month" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]]) +This is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of November on Western calendars. AT: "on the fifteenth day of the eighth month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## went up to the altar ## +# went up to the altar -AT: "offered sacrifices on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Went up" is an idiom for going to a sacred place to worship since these altars were located on high places. AT: "offered sacrifices on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/33.md b/1ki/12/33.md index c32d03dcf1..2445564dd4 100644 --- a/1ki/12/33.md +++ b/1ki/12/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## went up to the altar ## +# went up to the altar -AT: “offered sacrifices on the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"Went up" is an idiom for going to a sacred place to worship since these altars were located on high places. AT: "offered sacrifices on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## in the month when he had planned in his own mind ## +# in the month he had planned in his own mind -AT: "in the month that he had determined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"in the month that he had determined" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/12/intro.md b/1ki/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6979930b17 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# 1 Kings 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Civil war ##### +This chapter explains how the united kingdom of Israel was split into the two kingdoms: Israel and Judah. This is sometimes called a "civil war." + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel splits ##### +God's warning to Solomon came true. In spite of his famous wealth, Solomon had over-taxed his own people and forced them to work for free. When the people requested that King Rehoboam reduce taxes and forced labor, he said that he would be harsher than his father. This caused the 10 northern tribes to revolt and appoint Jeroboam as their king. These northern tribes are now called the kingdom of Israel. Only Judah and Benjamin stayed with Rehoboam. They are called Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]]) + +##### Jeroboam introduces calf worship ##### +Jeroboam made a terrible mistake. He was afraid that if the people continued to go to Jerusalem to worship in the temple, they would want to return to Rehoboam as their king. So he made two shrines with calves made of gold for the people to worship. This eventually caused the destruction of his whole family. The kingdom of Israel continued worshiping the idols until they were taken slaves by the Assyrians. The northern tribes were unable to truly worship Yahweh without going to Jerusalem in the kingdom of Judah. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +The people used the metaphor of "yoke" for oppressive government: "Your father made our yoke difficult. Now then, make your father's hard work easier, and lighten the heavy yoke that he put on us." But Rehoboam promised to increase their oppression with three metaphors: "My little finger is thicker than my father's waist. So now, although my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke. My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/01.md b/1ki/13/01.md index 91c6ec31df..d232dd1e04 100644 --- a/1ki/13/01.md +++ b/1ki/13/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## A man of God ## +# A man of God came out of Judah by the word of Yahweh to Bethel + +The implied information is that Yahweh sent the man of God to Bethel. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh sent a man of God from Judah to Bethel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# A man of God This is another title for a prophet. AT: "A prophet" -## cried against the altar ## +# came out of Judah -AT: "prophesied loudly against the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"came from Judah" -## Altar, altar ## +# the word of Yahweh + +"the message of Yahweh" or "Yahweh's message" + +# He cried against the altar + +Here "He" refers to the man of God. + +# cried against the altar + +This means he prophesied toward the altar in a loud and condemning voice. AT: "prophesied loudly toward the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Altar, altar The prophet spoke to the altar as if it were a person who could hear him. He said this twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## a son will be born to the family of David ## +# a son named Josiah will be born to the family of David -AT: "a descendant of David will have a son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here the "family of David" refers to the descendants of David. This can be stated in active form. AT: "a descendant of David will have a son named Josiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they will burn ## +# they will burn Here "they" refers to Josiah and the people with him. -## the altar will be split apart, and the ashes on it will be poured out ## +# the altar will be split apart, and the ashes on it will be poured out -AT: "Yahweh will split the altar apart and will scatter the ashes that are on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will split the altar apart and the ashes on it will fall to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/04.md b/1ki/13/04.md index 5ff9aa18c3..eca5d724d7 100644 --- a/1ki/13/04.md +++ b/1ki/13/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## The altar was also split apart, and the ashes poured out from the altar ## +# the hand with which he had reached out against the man dried up -AT: "God also split the altar apart and poured out the ashes from the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh dried up the hand with which he had reached out against the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## as described by the sign that the man of God had given by the word of Yahweh ## +# dried up -AT: "as the sign that the man of God had given by the word of Yahweh had described" \ No newline at end of file +"withered" or "became paralyzed" + +# The altar was also split apart + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh also split the altar apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as described by the sign that the man of God had given by the word of Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as the man of God had described by the word of Yahweh as a sign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the word of Yahweh + +"the message of Yahweh" or "Yahweh's message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/06.md b/1ki/13/06.md index 5fd5b2a699..a0712e3bc9 100644 --- a/1ki/13/06.md +++ b/1ki/13/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## my hand may be restored ## +# Plead for the favor of Yahweh your God -AT: "Yahweh may restore my hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "favor" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "Plead that Yahweh your God may favor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the king’s hand was restored ## +# my hand may be restored to me again -AT: "Yahweh restored the king's hand" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh may restore my hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the king's hand was restored to him again, and it became as it was before + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh restored the king's hand and made it as it was before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Come home with me and refresh yourself + +The word "yourself" is a reflexive pronoun. AT: "Come home with me and eat some food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/08.md b/1ki/13/08.md index 60a5e29eeb..e4a367071c 100644 --- a/1ki/13/08.md +++ b/1ki/13/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Even if you give me half your possessions ## +# half your possessions -This is something that would not happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file +"half of your house" + +# You will eat no bread nor drink water, nor return by the way that you came + +"Do not eat bread, drink water, or return by the way that you came" + +# left another way + +"went a different way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/11.md b/1ki/13/11.md index d417bfc661..90adec1f7d 100644 --- a/1ki/13/11.md +++ b/1ki/13/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## his sons had seen the way ## +# his sons had seen the way -AT: "his sons showed the way" \ No newline at end of file +The implied information is that the sons also told their father which way the man of God went. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Saddle + +This means to place a seat on the back of an animal so a person can ride on it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/14.md b/1ki/13/14.md index 1481e6e40c..adad834fc2 100644 --- a/1ki/13/14.md +++ b/1ki/13/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## The old prophet ## +# The old prophet -This refers to the prophet from Bethel. +This refers to the prophet who lived in Bethel. -## he said to him ## +# he said to him -AT: "the old prophet said to the man of God" +"the old prophet said to the man of God" -## He answered ## +# He answered -AT: "The man of God answered" +"The man of God answered" -## in this place ## +# go in with you -AT: "in Bethel" \ No newline at end of file +"go into your house" + +# in this place + +"in Bethel" + +# it was commanded to me by the word of Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh commanded me by his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the word of Yahweh + +"the message of Yahweh" or "Yahweh's message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/18.md b/1ki/13/18.md index 664038215a..324b9fa997 100644 --- a/1ki/13/18.md +++ b/1ki/13/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## an angel spoke to me by the word of Yahweh ## +# an angel spoke to me by the word of Yahweh -AT: "an angel told me what Yahweh said" or "an angel delivered to me a message from Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +"an angel delivered to me a message from Yahweh" + +# by the word of Yahweh + +"the message of Yahweh" or "Yahweh's message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/20.md b/1ki/13/20.md index ffcd52a285..c69df22708 100644 --- a/1ki/13/20.md +++ b/1ki/13/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## As they sat at the table ## +# As they sat at the table -AT: "As they sat at the table eating" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The implied information is that they were still eating and drinking at the table. AT: "As they were eating and drinking at the table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## brought him back ## +# the word of Yahweh came to the prophet ... came from Judah, saying, -Here the word "him" refers to the man of God. \ No newline at end of file +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to the prophet ... came from Judah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to the prophet ... came from Judah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came + +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yahweh spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# brought him back + +Here the word "him" refers to the man of God. + +# he cried to the man of God + +"the prophet spoke loudly to the man of God" + +# Because you have been disobedient to the word of Yahweh + +"Because you have not obeyed the word of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/23.md b/1ki/13/23.md index 35e22f8043..61b5faf587 100644 --- a/1ki/13/23.md +++ b/1ki/13/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## and his body was left on the road ## +# the prophet saddled the donkey -AT: "and left his body on the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This means he placed a seat on the back of the donkey so the man of God could ride on it. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 13:13](./11.md). -## they came and told it ## +# his body was left on the road -AT: "they came and told people about the body" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "left his body on the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# body + +"dead body" + +# they came and told it + +Here "it" refers to what they had seen on the road. AT: "they came and told about what they had seen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/26.md b/1ki/13/26.md index ca4f3ff061..0867d3fd73 100644 --- a/1ki/13/26.md +++ b/1ki/13/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## handed him over to the lion ## +# body -AT: "gave him to the lion" \ No newline at end of file +"dead body" + +# left in the road + +"lying in the road" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/29.md b/1ki/13/29.md index fc38a95b81..bbec471c17 100644 --- a/1ki/13/29.md +++ b/1ki/13/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## they mourned ## +# took up + +"lifted up" + +# body + +"dead body" + +# they mourned Here the word "they" refers to the prophet and his sons. -## Woe! my brother! ## +# Woe, my brother! -The word "Woe" is an expression of great sorrow. AT: "Oh, my brother!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). \ No newline at end of file +The word "Woe" here is an expression of great sorrow. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/31.md b/1ki/13/31.md index 278643f3b1..d2e1b0cd20 100644 --- a/1ki/13/31.md +++ b/1ki/13/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## he had buried him ## +# he had buried him Here the word "he" refers to the old prophet and the word "him" refers to the man of God. -## when he cried out ## +# Lay my bones beside his bones -AT: "when he prophesied loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "my bones" represents his entire body. AT: "Lay my dead body beside his bones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# houses on the high places + +The implied information is that these were houses of worship. AT: "houses of worship on the high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/33.md b/1ki/13/33.md index 52dd87231c..50d41a3eb0 100644 --- a/1ki/13/33.md +++ b/1ki/13/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## This thing became sin to the family of Jeroboam ## +# This matter became sin to the family of Jeroboam -AT: "Jeroboam's family sinned by doing this thing." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jeroboam's family sinned by doing this thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## This thing ## +# This matter -This phrase refers to Jeroboam setting up shrines and appointing priests. +This phrase refers to Jeroboam's setting up shrines and appointing priests. -## caused it to be cut off and destroyed ## +# caused his family to be destroyed and to be exterminated -AT: "God cut off and destroyed Jeroboam's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because of this God destroyed and exterminated Jeroboam's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to be destroyed and to be exterminated + +These mean nearly the same thing. AT: "to be completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/13/intro.md b/1ki/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f9b4852a3c --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Kings 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter has two parts: The young prophet's warning to Jeroboam (1-10) and the old prophet's deception (11-34). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Obeying God ##### +People should do what God tells them to do and not what other people tell them is God's will for them. The story of the young prophet and the old prophet is an example of this. (See:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/01.md b/1ki/14/01.md index f529b8c5c6..85553d0dca 100644 --- a/1ki/14/01.md +++ b/1ki/14/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## you will not be recognized ## +# disguise yourself -AT: "no one will recognize you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"change how you appear to others" + +# you will not be recognized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will recognize you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/04.md b/1ki/14/04.md index 9260e0d1da..9ec1d8695b 100644 --- a/1ki/14/04.md +++ b/1ki/14/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Look, the wife of Jeroboam ## +# Look, the wife of Jeroboam Here the word "Look" means "pay attention." -## Say such and such to her ## +# coming to seek advice from you + +The abstract noun "advice" can be translated as a verb. AT: "coming to ask you to advise her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Say such and such to her The words "such and such" mean that Yahweh told Ahijah what to say. AT: "Speak in this way to her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/06.md b/1ki/14/06.md index a69dc83ab0..69634e01a1 100644 --- a/1ki/14/06.md +++ b/1ki/14/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Why do you pretend that you are someone you are not? ## +# Why do you pretend to be someone you are not? -AT: "Stop pretending to be someone else; I know who you are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question shows that Ahijah knew she was disguised. AT: "Stop pretending to be someone else; I know who you are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I have been sent to you with bad news ## +# I have been sent to you with bad news -AT: "Yahweh told me to give you bad news" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh told me to give you bad news" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I tore the kingdom away ## +# I raised you -God forcefully removed most of the kingdom like a person tears a piece of cloth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I exalted you" + +# I tore the kingdom away + +God forcefully removed most of the kingdom like a person tears a piece of cloth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# followed me + +"obeyed me" + +# with all his heart + +Here the "heart" refers to a person's will and desire. AT: "with all his will" or "with complete commitment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what was right in my eyes + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what I judged to be right" or "what I considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/09.md b/1ki/14/09.md index 17a0eea229..d3b2e5b335 100644 --- a/1ki/14/09.md +++ b/1ki/14/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## thrust me behind your back ## +# thrust me behind your back -Jeroboam has disrespected Yahweh like a person throws away trash. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jeroboam has disrespected Yahweh like a person throws away something that is not wanted. AT: "completely rejected me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# look + +"pay attention." This word is added to indicate that what follows is important. + +# I will cut off ... and will completely remove + +These two phrases are very similar in meaning and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# cut off from you every male child in Israel + +Yahweh speaks of destroying Jeroboam's family and preventing him from having any descendants as if he were cutting them off as one would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "destroy every one of your male children in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will completely remove your family, like someone who burns up dung until it is gone + +This simile compares the removal of every descendant of Jeroboam with the complete burning up of dung that was mixed with straw, dried, and burned for fuel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/11.md b/1ki/14/11.md index 65573d10c4..1c76b33443 100644 --- a/1ki/14/11.md +++ b/1ki/14/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Anyone who belongs...eaten by dogs ## +# Anyone who belongs to your family who dies in the city will be eaten by dogs -AT: "Dogs will eat anyone who belongs to your family and who dies in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Dogs will eat anyone who belongs to your family and who dies in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## anyone who dies...the birds of the heavens ## +# anyone who dies in the field will be eaten by the birds of the heavens -AT: "the birds of the heavens will eat anyone who dies in the field" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the birds of the heavens will eat anyone who dies in the field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## was anything good found in the sight of Yahweh, the God of Israel ## +# when your feet enter the city -did Yahweh, the God of Israel, find anything good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "feet" here is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "when you enter the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# All Israel + +This is a generalization that means the people of the northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "The Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# go into a grave + +"be buried in a grave" + +# out of Jeroboam's house + +The word "house" here is a metonymy for "family." AT: "in all of Jeroboam's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# was anything good found in the sight of Yahweh, the God of Israel + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. This can be stated in active form. AT: "did Yahweh, the God of Israel, find anything he judged to be good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/14.md b/1ki/14/14.md index cd083c7d74..95805a7612 100644 --- a/1ki/14/14.md +++ b/1ki/14/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## as a reed is shaken in the water ## +# cut off the family of Jeroboam -AT: "like a river of water shakes a reed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer speaks of the new king of Israel destroying Jeroboam's family and preventing him from having any descendants like one would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "destroy the descendants of Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he will root up Israel out of this good land ## +# Yahweh will attack Israel as a reed is shaken in the water -Yahweh compares Israel with a plant that will he will tear out of the ground by its roots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer here uses a simile to express how Yahweh will bring judgment on the people of Israel. AT: "Yahweh will attack the people of Israel as a reed is shaken in the water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# as a reed is shaken in the water + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "like a river of water shakes a reed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he will root up Israel out of this good land + +Yahweh compares Israel with a plant that he will tear out of the ground by its roots. AT: "he will remove the people of Israel from this good land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# scatter them + +"disperse them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/17.md b/1ki/14/17.md index 06c2e746b4..213ad409fd 100644 --- a/1ki/14/17.md +++ b/1ki/14/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## All Israel buried him ## +# Tirzah -AT: "A great number of the people of Israel were present when people buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is the name of the city where king Jeroboam lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## just as it was told to them by the word of Yahweh ## +# All Israel buried him and mourned for him -AT: "just as Yahweh told them" (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a generalization that means the people of Israel buried him and mourned for him. AT: "A great number of the people of Israel were present when people buried him, and the people of Israel mourned for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# just as it was told to them by the word of Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as Yahweh told them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the word of Yahweh + +"by the message of Yahweh" or "in Yahweh's message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/19.md b/1ki/14/19.md index 0d6e65b246..a995437428 100644 --- a/1ki/14/19.md +++ b/1ki/14/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## they are written in ## +# see -AT: "someone has written them in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This alerts the reader to the truth of what follows. AT: "look" or "see for yourself" -## then slept with his ancestors ## +# they are written in -AT: "then he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you can find them written in" or "someone has written about them in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the book of the events of the kings of Israel + +This refers to a book that no longer exists. + +# twenty-two years + +"22 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# slept with his ancestors + +Jeroboam dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 2:10](../02/10.md). AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/21.md b/1ki/14/21.md index f568450085..68365d353b 100644 --- a/1ki/14/21.md +++ b/1ki/14/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## forty-one years old...seventeen years ## +# forty-one years old ... seventeen years -one years old...seventeen years** - AT: "41 years old...17 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"41 years old ... 17 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## to put his name ## +# in which to put his name -AT: "to live and claim possession of it." See how you translate this in [1 Kings 9:3](../09/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "put his name" is a metonym for "dwell" and refers to the temple where Yahweh was to be worshiped. AT: "in which to dwell" or "in which to be worshiped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## His mother’s name ## +# His mother's name -Here the word "His" refers to Rehoboam. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "His" refers to Rehoboam. + +# Naamah + +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Judah did + +Here "Judah" represents the people of Judah. AT: "The people of Judah did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The "sight" of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 11:6](../11/05.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they provoked him to jealousy + +The abstract noun "jealousy" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "they made him jealous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# fathers + +"ancestors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/23.md b/1ki/14/23.md index 54759b6e13..8a23e0b363 100644 --- a/1ki/14/23.md +++ b/1ki/14/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## on every high hill and under every green tree ## +# For they also built -AT: "on the high hills and under the green trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +The word "they" here refers to the people of Judah. -## the very despicable things that the nations did, which ## +# built for themselves -AT: "the same disgusting things that the people did whom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "for themselves" are a metonym for what they will do with the high places. AT: "built for their own use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# on every high hill and under every green tree + +This is likely to be an exaggeration that indicates there were many places like these for false worship all over the country. AT: "on the high hills and under the green trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# cultic prostitutes + +"religious prostitutes" or "male prostitutes." This probably refers to male prostitutes who were associated with idol worship. + +# the same despicable practices as the nations that + +Here the word "nations" represents the people in those nations. AT: "the same disgusting things that the people did, whom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/25.md b/1ki/14/25.md index 62ce0b7bbe..57dbb71c9e 100644 --- a/1ki/14/25.md +++ b/1ki/14/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## came up against ## +# in the fifth year of King Rehoboam -had his army attack (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This refers to the fifth year of Rehoboam's reign as king. AT: "in the fifth year that Rehoboam was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## that Solomon had made ## +# in the fifth year -AT: "that Solomon had his workers make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"in year 5" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem + +"Shishak king of Egypt" represents himself along with the Egyptian army. AT: "Shishak king of Egypt, and his army with him, came up against Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Shishak + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 11:40](../11/40.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# came up against + +This is an idiom that means marched against or attacked. AT: "came to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# He took everything away + +This is a generalization that indicates every valuable thing that could be found was taken away. AT: "He took away many valuable things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# He took + +The word "He" represents Shishak and the soldiers who were with him. AT: "Shishak and his army took" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# that Solomon had made + +Here "Solomon" refers to the craftsmen who worked for Solomon to make the shields. AT: "that Solomon had his workers make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/27.md b/1ki/14/27.md index d43516b170..a41b7e1763 100644 --- a/1ki/14/27.md +++ b/1ki/14/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## King Rehoboam made shields ## +# King Rehoboam made shields -AT: "King Rehoboam's workers made shields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "King Rehoboam" represents the persons who worked for him to make the shields. AT: "King Rehoboam's workers made shields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in their place ## +# in their place -AT: "in place of the shields of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"in place of the shields of gold" -## entrusted them into the hands of the commanders ## +# entrusted them into the hands of the commanders -AT: "made them the responsibility of the commanders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hands" represents care or responsibility. AT: "made them the responsibility of the commanders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who guarded the doors to the king's house + +Here "doors" represents the entrance. AT: "who guarded the entrance to the king's house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the guards would carry them + +"the guards would carry the shields of bronze" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/29.md b/1ki/14/29.md index ba2c607c47..a3d82174a0 100644 --- a/1ki/14/29.md +++ b/1ki/14/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah? ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? -"they are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah." or "you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Rehoboam slept with his ancestors and was buried with them ## +# the book of the events of the kings of Judah -AT: "Rehoboam died and people buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to a book that no longer exists. + +# There was constant warfare + +"There was continuing war" or "There were constant battles" + +# warfare between Rehoboam and Jeroboam + +The names of the kings represent themselves and their armies. AT: "the armies of Rehoboam and Jeroboam fought in battle again and again" or "Rehoboam and his people and Jeroboam and his people engaged in battle continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# slept with his ancestors + +Rehoboam dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 2:10](../02/10.md). AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# was buried with them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Naamah + +This is the name of a woman. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:21](./21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Abijah his son + +"Abijah the son of Rehoboam" + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Rehoboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/14/intro.md b/1ki/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fccdd6392c --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# 1 Kings 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter has two stories. One is the death of Jeroboam's son (1-18). The other is the reign of Rehoboam (20-31) . + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The death of Jeroboam's son ##### +God knows the truth; it is useless to try to fool God's prophet. Jeroboam's son became sick; so the king sent his wife, disguised as a common woman, to the prophet. The prophet was blind, but when Jeroboam's wife arrived he told her, "Come in, wife of Jeroboam." He also told her that her son would die and that all of Jeroboam's family would be killed, because he had caused Israel to worship the golden calves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Rehoboam's reign ##### +When Solomon obeyed God, God made him very rich. When the people of Judah began to worship the fertility goddess, Ashtoreth, and to do many evil things, they had to give all of their wealth to the king of Egypt to persuade him not to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/01.md b/1ki/15/01.md index 40309a9ba5..8601da75f3 100644 --- a/1ki/15/01.md +++ b/1ki/15/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## In the eighteenth year ## +# In the eighteenth year of King Jeroboam son of Nebat -AT: "In year 18" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This refers to the eighteenth year of Jeroboam's reign. AT: "After Jeroboam had been the king of Israel for almost eighteen years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## three years ## +# In the eighteenth year -AT: "3 years" +"In year 18" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## He walked in all the sins ## +# He walked in all the sins -AT: "He continued to practice all the sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Walking represents living, and walking in sins represents committing those sins. AT: "Abijah continued to practice all the sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his heart was not devoted ## +# that his father had committed before his time -AT: "he was not devoted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Since these verses refer to several kings, it may help to include the name of Abijah's father. This information can be made clear. AT "that his father, Rehoboam, had committed before Abijah's time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his time + +This phrase represents the time that he was king. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "before Abijah was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his heart was not devoted ... as the heart of David + +The heart represents the whole person. AT: "Abijah was not devoted ... as David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/04.md b/1ki/15/04.md index fedd9d2d8a..5220bc1bfb 100644 --- a/1ki/15/04.md +++ b/1ki/15/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## gave him a lamp in Jerusalem ## +# gave him a lamp in Jerusalem -AT: "gave to David a descendant to rule in Jerusalem as a reminder of his covenant with David's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "lamp" here represents a descendant who would be king as David was. AT: "gave David a descendant to rule in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## what was right in his eyes ## +# by raising up his son after him -AT: "what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"by raising up Abijah's son after him" or "by giving Abijah a son" -## between Rehoboam and Jeroboam ## +# what was right in his eyes -AT: "between the armies of Rehoboam and Jeroboam" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The eyes here represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what Yahweh judges to be right" or "what Yahweh considers to be right" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for all the days of his life + +"the whole time that David lived" or "throughout David's whole life" + +# he had not turned away from anything that he commanded him + +Turning away from a command represents disobeying it. AT: "David did not disobey anything that God commanded him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# except only in the matter of Uriah the Hittite + +This is a general way to refer to the situation with Uriah. It can be stated more clearly what this matter was. AT: "except for what he did to Uriah the Hittite" or "except when he caused Uriah the Hittite to be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# between Rehoboam and Jeroboam + +These kings represent themselves and their armies. Rehoboam was Abijah's father. AT: "between the armies of Rehoboam and Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all the days of Abijah's life + +"the whole time that Abijah lived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/07.md b/1ki/15/07.md index 2722b38143..fcefd7e5df 100644 --- a/1ki/15/07.md +++ b/1ki/15/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## all that he did, are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah? ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Abijah is in this other book. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Abijah slept with his ancestors ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? -AT: "Abijah died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can stated in active form. AT: "someone has written about this in the book of the events of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# between Abijah and Jeroboam + +The names "Abijah" and "Jeroboam" represent the kings and their armies. AT: "between the armies of Abijah and Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Abijah slept with his ancestors + +In this euphemism, sleeping represents dying. AT: "Abijah died as his ancestors had" or "Like his ancestors, Abaijah died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Abijah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/09.md b/1ki/15/09.md index 60c28c6e79..9dcbaec2dd 100644 --- a/1ki/15/09.md +++ b/1ki/15/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## In the twentieth year ## +# In the twentieth year of Jeroboam king of Israel -AT: "In year 20" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This refers to the twentieth year of Jeroboam's reign. AT: "After Jeroboam had been the king of Israel for almost twenty years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## forty-one years ## +# In the twentieth year -one years** - AT: "41 years" +"In year 20" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## right in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# forty-one years -AT: "what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"41 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh + +The eyes here represent seeing, and seeing represents judgment. Yahweh saw and approved of Asa's actions. AT: "what Yahweh judges to be right" or "what Yahweh considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/12.md b/1ki/15/12.md index bfe5712738..fb633878d6 100644 --- a/1ki/15/12.md +++ b/1ki/15/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Asa cut down the disgusting figure ## +# the cultic prostitutes -AT: "Asa's workers cut down the disgusting figure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This probably refers to prostitutes who were associated with idol worship and who were all men. AT: "religious prostitutes" or "the prostitutes who worked for idols" or "male prostitutes" + +# Asa cut down the disgusting figure + +Since Asa was king, he may have told his officials to cut down the figure. AT: "Asa caused the disgusting figure to be cut down" or "Asa made them cut down the disgusting figure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/14.md b/1ki/15/14.md index 41abb0cab7..b7bb37da74 100644 --- a/1ki/15/14.md +++ b/1ki/15/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## But the shrines were not taken away ## +# But the high places were not taken away -AT: "But Asa did not command the people to take away the shrines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But Asa did not command the people to take away the high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Asa's heart was completely devoted ## +# Asa's heart was completely devoted -AT: "Asa was completely devoted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The heart represents the person. AT: "Asa was completely devoted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all his days + +"the whole time that he lived" or "throughout his whole life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/16.md b/1ki/15/16.md index 07dd9b4229..394381b549 100644 --- a/1ki/15/16.md +++ b/1ki/15/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## acted aggressively against Judah ## +# all their days + +This refers to the entire time they reigned as kings. AT: "the whole time that they reigned over Judah and Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# acted aggressively against Judah "attacked Judah" -## built up Ramah ## +# built up Ramah -It is implicit that the army of Baasha first captured Ramah. AT: "captured and fortified Ramah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that the army of Baasha first captured Ramah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "captured and fortified Ramah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/18.md b/1ki/15/18.md index 9e382ae86e..69e5b1eb5b 100644 --- a/1ki/15/18.md +++ b/1ki/15/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## He put it into the hands of his servants ## +# He put it into the hands of his servants -AT: "He entrusted it to his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Putting things in their hands represents giving those things to them. It is implied that they would do with it what he wanted them to do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "He entrusted it to his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## He said ## +# He said -AT: "He told his servants to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This means he spoke by means of his servants. Asa told his servants what to say to Ben Hadad and they did. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "Asa told his servants to say to Ben Hadad" or "Through his servants, Asa said to Ben Hadad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Look ## +# Let there be a covenant between me and you -Here the word "Look" adds emphasis to what follows and to validate what was just said. AT: "As proof that I want a treaty with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +A covenant being between two people represents those two people having a covenant with each other. AT: "Let us have a covenant with each other" or "Let us make a peace treaty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Break your treaty with Baasha ## +# Look -AT: "Break your treaty with Baasha and attack Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This adds emphasis to what follows and validates what was just said. AT: "As proof that I want a treaty with you" + +# Break your covenant with Baasha king of Israel + +Breaking a covenant represents canceling it and not doing what one has promised to do. AT: "Cancel your covenant with Baasha king of Israel" or "Do not be loyal to Baasha king of Israel as you promised in your covenant with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Break your covenant with Baasha king of Israel + +Asa wanted Ben Hadad to attack Israel. Ben Hadad could only do that if he broke his covenant with the king of Israel. The meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Break your covenant with Baasha king of Israel, and attack Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/20.md b/1ki/15/20.md index 2f462b07d1..f3cda86ea5 100644 --- a/1ki/15/20.md +++ b/1ki/15/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## It came about that ## +# It came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## he stopped building up ## +# he stopped building up Ramah -AT: "he had his workers stop building up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +King Baasha did this by telling his workers to do this. AT: "he had his workers stop building up Ramah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Tirzah + +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md). + +# No one was exempted + +This can also be stated positively. AT: "Every one had to obey King Asa's proclamation" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/23.md b/1ki/15/23.md index 19c4b4fd24..253bf8f906 100644 --- a/1ki/15/23.md +++ b/1ki/15/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah? ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Abijah is in this other book. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## slept with his ancestors and was buried with them ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has written about this in the book of the events of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## David his father ## +# Asa slept with his ancestors -AT: "David his ancestor" \ No newline at end of file +Sleeping here is a euphemism which represents dying. AT: "Asa died as his ancestors had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# was buried with them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried him with his ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# David his father + +The word "father" here refers to an ancestor. AT: "King David, his ancestor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/25.md b/1ki/15/25.md index 55106b4a99..71dfe44da6 100644 --- a/1ki/15/25.md +++ b/1ki/15/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## what was evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The rest of chapter 15 and 16 is about the kings of Israel. These events happened while King Asa of Judah was still alive. -## walked in the way of his father ## +# the second year of Asa king of Judah -AT: "did the same things that his father had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the second year of Asa's reign. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "when Asa had been king of Judah for almost two years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he reigned over Israel two years + +"Nadab reigned over Israel two years" + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# walked in the way of his father + +Walking here represents behaving. AT: "did the same things that his father had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in his own sin + +Walking in his own sin represents sinning in ways that were different from the ways that his father had sinned. AT: "he sinned in his own ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by which he led Israel to sin + +Leading people to do something represents influencing them to do it. AT: "and by sinning, he influenced Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/27.md b/1ki/15/27.md index 3b2ce7bc40..64372d91ad 100644 --- a/1ki/15/27.md +++ b/1ki/15/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## consipired against Nadab ## +# conspired against Nadab -"secretly plotted to kill Nadab" +"secretly plotted to kill King Nadab" -## Nadab and all Israel ## +# Gibbethon -AT: "Nadab and the armies of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Nadab and all Israel + +"The phrase "all Israel" is a generalization that represents the many soldiers of Israel. AT: "Nadab and the many soldiers of Israel" or "Nadab and the army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# were laying siege to Gibbethon + +"were surrounding Gibbethon, so that the people of Gibbethon would surrender to them" + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Nadab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/29.md b/1ki/15/29.md index 4843d09880..4448280afb 100644 --- a/1ki/15/29.md +++ b/1ki/15/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## Baasha killed all the family of Jeroboam. He left none of Jeroboam's descendants breathing. ## +# Baasha killed all the family of Jeroboam. He left none of Jeroboam's descendants breathing. -These two sentences mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two sentences mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize his descendents were all killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## his royal line ## +# all the family of Jeroboam -Here the word "his" refers to Jeroboam. \ No newline at end of file +Jeroboam was King Nadab's father. + +# He left none of Jeroboam's descendants breathing + +Breathing represents being alive. AT: "He left none of Jeroboam's descendants living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his royal line + +"Jeroboam's royal line" + +# just as Yahweh had spoken by his servant Ahijah the Shilonite + +In [1 Kings 14:10-11](../14/09.md) Yahweh spoke through his prophet Ahijah and told Jeroboam that he would destroy his family. + +# Ahijah the Shilonite + +"Ahijah, who was from Shiloh" + +# for the sins of Jeroboam which he committed and by which he led Israel to sin + +The abstract noun "sins" can be expressed with the verb "sin." AT: "because Jeroboam sinned and led Israel to sin in the same ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# by which he led Israel to sin + +Leading people to do something represents influencing them to do something. AT: "by which he influenced Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/31.md b/1ki/15/31.md index 705d06533f..68e85a1015 100644 --- a/1ki/15/31.md +++ b/1ki/15/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel? ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -AT: "they are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Nadab is in this other book. See how you translated a similar phrase concerning Judah in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has written about this in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all their days + +This refers to the whole period of time that they reign as kings. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:16](./16.md) AT: "the whole time that they reigned over Judah and Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/33.md b/1ki/15/33.md index 20724ef5c0..052a015724 100644 --- a/1ki/15/33.md +++ b/1ki/15/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## what was evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# Connecting Statement -AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This chapter told about how Baasha became king in [1 Kings 15:27-28](./27.md). These verses begin to tell about Baasha as king of Israel. -## walked in the way of Jeroboam ## +# Tirzah -AT: "did the same things that Jeroboam had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md). -## and in his sin ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -Here the word "his" refers to Baasha. \ No newline at end of file +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# walked in the way of Jeroboam + +Walking here represents behaving. AT: "did the same things that Jeroboam had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in his sin by which he led Israel to sin + +Possible meanings are that "his" and "he" refer to 1) Baasha or 2) Jeroboam. + +# by which he led Israel to sin + +Leading people to do something represents influencing them to do it. AT: "and by sinning, he influenced Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/15/intro.md b/1ki/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8fbba83776 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Kings 15 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +Judah had some bad kings and some good kings. All of the kings in Israel continued to worship the golden calves, so they were all considered to be bad. Judah and Israel continually fought each other. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "But the shrines were not taken away." ##### +At the shrines, the people worshiped Yahweh. But later, during Hezekiah's reign, it was decided that all sacrifices must be made only at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/01.md b/1ki/16/01.md index 258aa8b69c..fa44431e67 100644 --- a/1ki/16/01.md +++ b/1ki/16/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## out of the dust ## +# The word of Yahweh came -"from a lowly and insignificant position" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This idiom means God spoke. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## walked in the way of Jeroboam ## +# Although I exalted you -AT: "done the same things that Jeroboam did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is God's message that Jehu was to give to Baasha. The word "you" refers to Baasha. + +# I exalted you out of the dust + +"I raised you out of the dust." Being in the dust on the ground represents not being important. Exalting someone represents making him important. AT: "I raised you from a very unimportant position" or "when you had no power or influence over people, I made you important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you have walked in the way of Jeroboam + +Walking represents behaving. Jeroboam and Baasha both sinned. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "you have done the same things that Jeroboam did" or "you have sinned as Jeroboam sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/03.md b/1ki/16/03.md index 3990dcfd32..6e953cc5ac 100644 --- a/1ki/16/03.md +++ b/1ki/16/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## I will make your family ## +# Connecting Statement: -Here the word "your" refers to Baasha. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh continues telling Baasha what he will do to him. + +# See, I will completely sweep away Baasha and his family + +Yahweh is speaking to Baasha, and the phrase "his family" refers to Baasha's family. This can be translated using the words "you" and "your." AT: "Listen, Baasha. I will completely sweep away you and your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will completely sweep away + +Sweeping away represents destroying. AT: "I will completely destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/05.md b/1ki/16/05.md index b54e607759..91cd2879a2 100644 --- a/1ki/16/05.md +++ b/1ki/16/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel? ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Baasha is in this other book. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## slept with his ancestors and was buried ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has written about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Baasha slept with his ancestors + +Sleeping is a euphemism that represents dying. AT: "Baasha died as his ancestors had" or "Like his ancestors, Baasha died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Tirzah + +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md). + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Baasha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/07.md b/1ki/16/07.md index 3723a25ca7..bdb55a9869 100644 --- a/1ki/16/07.md +++ b/1ki/16/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the evil that he did in the sight of Yahweh ## +# the word of Yahweh came -AT: "the things that he did that Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the work of his hands ## +# all the evil that he did in the sight of Yahweh -AT: "the things that he had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. AT: "all the things that Baasha that are evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "all the things that Baaha did that Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so as to provoke him to anger + +The abstract noun "anger" can be expressed with the adjective "angry." AT: "so as to make Yahweh very angry" or "that made God very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# with the work of his hands + +Here Basha is represented by his "hands." This speaks of all of his actions as his "work." AT: "by the things Baasha had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/08.md b/1ki/16/08.md index 01e0982132..a329e0a9d0 100644 --- a/1ki/16/08.md +++ b/1ki/16/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## His servant Zimri ## +# Tirzah -The word "His" refers to Elah. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md). + +# His servant Zimri + +"Elah's servant Zimri" + +# captain of half his chariots + +The word "chariots" here represents the soldiers who drove the chariots. AT: "captain of half his chariot drivers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# drinking himself drunk + +This is an idiom. AT: "drinking so much wine that he was getting drunk" or "getting drunk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who was over the household + +Being over the household represents being in charge of the things in King Elah's house. AT: "who was in charge of the things in the Elah's house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# attacked him and killed him + +"attacked and killed Elah" + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Elah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/11.md b/1ki/16/11.md index 8311a43663..d6f5f88d8e 100644 --- a/1ki/16/11.md +++ b/1ki/16/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## as was told them by the word of Yahweh ## +# He did not leave alive a single male -AT: "as Yahweh had told them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This means that he killed all the men and boys. AT: "He did not leave even one male alive" -## the God of Israel ## +# the word of Yahweh + +"the message of Yahweh" or "Yahweh's message" + +# which he spoke against Baasha by Jehu the prophet + +Speaking "by" a prophet represents telling a prophet to speak and the prophet speaking. AT: "that Yahweh told Jehu the prophet to speak against Baasha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they had led Israel to sin + +Leading people to do something represents influencing them to do it. AT: "they had influenced Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they had led Israel to sin + +Here the word "Israel" refers to the ten northern tribes of Israel. Baasha and Elah had been their king. + +# they provoked Yahweh, the God of Israel, to anger with their idols + +God became angry with the people because they worshiped idols. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "they made Yahweh, the God of Israel, angry because they worshiped idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the God of Israel Here the word "Israel" refers to all of the twelve tribes descended from Jacob. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/14.md b/1ki/16/14.md index 82d41061a8..0e7a4e3fe9 100644 --- a/1ki/16/14.md +++ b/1ki/16/14.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# are they not written ... kings of Israel? + +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Elah is in this other book. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# are they not written ... Israel? + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has written about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/15.md b/1ki/16/15.md index cdf4f177d4..e9447f69d0 100644 --- a/1ki/16/15.md +++ b/1ki/16/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## The army camped there heard it said ## +# Tirzah -AT: "The soldiers who camped there heard someone say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md). -## all Israel declared ## +# the army was camped by Gibbethon -AT: "all the men of the army declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "army" refers to the army of the kingdom of Israel. + +# Gibbethon + +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 15:27](../15/27.md). + +# The army camped there heard it said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The soldiers who camped there heard someone say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all Israel + +Both times this phrase is used, it represents the army of Israel. Here the word "all" is a generalization meaning "most." AT: "all the army of Israel" or "most of the soldiers in the army of Israel" or "the army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/18.md b/1ki/16/18.md index 9087768524..158d49fb6b 100644 --- a/1ki/16/18.md +++ b/1ki/16/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## what was evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# that the city had been taken -AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Omri and the army had taken the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## walking in the way of Jeroboam ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -AT: "doing the same things that Jeroboam had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel? ## +# walking in the way of Jeroboam -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here walking represents behaving. AT: "doing the same things that Jeroboam had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so as to lead Israel to sin + +Leading people to do something represents influencing them to do it. AT: "so as to influence Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the treason that he carried out + +This treason refers to Zimri's plot to kill Elah, the king of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "how he plotted against King Elah" or "how he killed the king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? + +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Zimri is in this other book. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. See how you translated a similar phrase concerning Judah in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# are they not written ... Israel? + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has written about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/21.md b/1ki/16/21.md index cd55ba6e9f..5cc4bb434a 100644 --- a/1ki/16/21.md +++ b/1ki/16/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## followed Tibni...followed Omri ## +# followed Tibni ... followed Omri -AT: "supported Tibni...supported Omri" +Here "followed" represents supporting or wanting to make him king. AT: "supported Tibni son of Ginath, to make him king, and half supported Omri" or "wanted to make Tibni son of Ginath king, and half wanted to make Omri king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## were stronger than the people who followed Tibni ## +# were stronger than the people who followed Tibni "overpowered the people who followed Tibni" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/23.md b/1ki/16/23.md index 86dd206e74..fede15db40 100644 --- a/1ki/16/23.md +++ b/1ki/16/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## two talents of silver ## +# Tirzah -A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 34 kilograms. AT: "about 68 kilograms of silver" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md). -## He built a city ## +# Shemer -The word "He" refers to Omri. AT: "Omri's workers built a city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# two talents of silver + +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "about 66 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# He built a city + +The word "He" refers to Omri. He commanded people to build the city. AT: "Omri had his people build a city" or "Omri commanded and his workers built a city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# after the name of Shemer + +This is an idiom that means "to honor Shemer" or "so that people would remember Shemer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/25.md b/1ki/16/25.md index 5a726550c8..c64a23ffd7 100644 --- a/1ki/16/25.md +++ b/1ki/16/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## what was evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## walked in the way of Jeroboam the son of Nebat ## +# walked in all the ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat -AT: "did the same things that Jeroboam the son of Nebat had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Walking represents behaving. AT: "did all the same things that Jeroboam son of Nebat did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to provoke Yahweh...to anger with their idols ## +# in his sins by which he led Israel to sin -See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 16:11](./11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are that "his" and "he" refer to 1) Baasha or 2) Jeroboam. + +# in his sins + +Possible meanings are walking in his sins represents 1) sinning as Jeroboam sinned. AT: "he sinned as Jeroboam sinned" or 2) or sinning habitually. AT: "he sinned habitually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by which he led Israel to sin + +Leading people to sin represents influencing them to sin. AT: "his sins, by which he influenced Israel to sin" or "and by sinning like this, he influenced people to sin. + +# to provoke Yahweh ... to be angry with their worthless idols + +God became angry with the people because they worshiped idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Kings 16:13](./11.md). AT: "to make Yahweh, the God of Israel, angry because they worshiped worthless idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# their worthless idols + +The word "worthless" here reminds people that idols are worthless because they cannot do anything. AT: "their idols, which are worthless" or "their idols, which are useless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# the God of Israel + +Here the word "Israel" refers to all of the twelve tribes descended from Jacob. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/27.md b/1ki/16/27.md index b54e607759..b393f94b10 100644 --- a/1ki/16/27.md +++ b/1ki/16/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel? ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Omri is in this other book. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## slept with his ancestors and was buried ## +# are they not written ... Israel? -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has written about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Omri slept with his ancestors + +The euphemism "sleeping" here represents dying. AT: "Omri died as his ancestors had" or "Like his ancestors, Omri died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Omri" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/29.md b/1ki/16/29.md index 11088734db..588a3bcbe2 100644 --- a/1ki/16/29.md +++ b/1ki/16/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## what was evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/31.md b/1ki/16/31.md index 713fda6554..369b786768 100644 --- a/1ki/16/31.md +++ b/1ki/16/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## It was to Ahab a trivial thing to walk in the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat ## +# It was to Ahab a trivial thing to walk in the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat -AT: "As if committing the same sins that Jeroboam the son of Nebat had committed wasn't bad enough for Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This implies that Ahab wanted to commit worse sins. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "It was as if Ahab thought that walking in the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat was not enough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## a trivial thing ## +# It was to Ahab a trivial thing -"an insignificant thing" +This is an idiom. The phrase "to Ahab" means that Ahab considered or thought something. AT: "Ahab considered it a trivial thing" or "Ahab thought that it was not enough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## worshiped Baal and bowed down to him ## +# a trivial thing -These two phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +"an insignificant thing" or "not enough" + +# to walk in the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat + +Walking in Jeroboam's sins represents sinning as Jeroboam had sinned. AT: "to sin as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# worshiped Baal and bowed down to him + +These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase "bowed down to him" describes the posture that people used in worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the God of Israel + +Here the word "Israel" refers to the nation of Israel, which consisted of twelve tribes. + +# the kings of Israel + +Here the word "Israel" refers to the kingdom of Israel, which consisted of ten tribes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/34.md b/1ki/16/34.md index 7f468ebb82..98a5b20c78 100644 --- a/1ki/16/34.md +++ b/1ki/16/34.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## In his days ## +# at the cost of the life of Abiram, his firstborn son -Here the word "his" refers to Ahab. \ No newline at end of file +The consequence of building the city is spoken of as if it were a cost that Hiel paid. AT: "and the consequence of his sin was that Abiram, his firstborn son, died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Segub, his youngest son, lost his life + +Dying is spoken of as if he lost his life. AT: "Segub, his youngest son, died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# while he was building the gates of the city + +"while Hiel was building the gates of the city" + +# in keeping with the word of Yahweh + +"according to the word of Yahweh" + +# the word of Yahweh + +"the message of Yahweh" or "Yahweh's message" + +# which he spoke by Joshua son of Nun + +Speaking "by" someone represents both telling someone to speak and the person doing it. AT: "which Yahweh caused Joshua son of Nun to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/16/intro.md b/1ki/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..39f39c50a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Kings 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Incorrect worship ##### +The prophet Jehu warned Baasha, king of Israel, that God would destroy his family for worshiping the idols. But Baasha did not change his ways; so Zimri murdered Baasha's son and all his relatives. Then Omri killed Zimri. Omri's son Ahab brought in the rain god Baal and his wife, the fertility goddess Ashtoreth, as the official religion of Israel. This was very evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/01.md b/1ki/17/01.md index 206370dac3..6438c9b16a 100644 --- a/1ki/17/01.md +++ b/1ki/17/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## As Yahweh, the God of Israel, lives ## +# the Tishbite -This phrase is used to add emphasis to the oath that follows. +This is the name of a people group from Tishbe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## before whom I stand ## +# Tishbe -AT: "whom I serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a town in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# As Yahweh, the God of Israel lives + +This phrase is an oath to emphasize that what he will say is true. + +# before whom I stand + +This is an idiom that means "to serve." AT: "whom I serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# dew + +drops of water that form on the plants during the night \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/02.md b/1ki/17/02.md index d238c66448..72b6a65762 100644 --- a/1ki/17/02.md +++ b/1ki/17/02.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## It will happen that ## +# The word of Yahweh came -This phrase is used to introduce how Yahweh will take care of Elijah during the drought. AT: "This is what will happen" \ No newline at end of file +This idiom means God spoke. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Kerith + +This is the name of a very small stream. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# It will happen that + +This phrase is used to introduce how Yahweh will take care of Elijah during the drought. AT: "There" + +# ravens + +large, black birds (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/05.md b/1ki/17/05.md index fd708bc12a..89d6528ab7 100644 --- a/1ki/17/05.md +++ b/1ki/17/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## as the word of Yahweh commanded ## +# as the word of Yahweh commanded -AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "the word" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the brook Kerith ## +# the brook Kerith -This is the name of a very small stream. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a very small stream. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 17:2](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in the land ## +# in the land "in that area" or "in that country" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/08.md b/1ki/17/08.md index 6980ad8032..6a2c39a573 100644 --- a/1ki/17/08.md +++ b/1ki/17/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## came to him ## +# The word of Yahweh came + +This idiom means God spoke. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# came to him Here the word "him" refers to Elijah. -## Look ## +# Zarephath + +This is a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Look The word "Look" here adds emphasis to what follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/11.md b/1ki/17/11.md index 156ffff73a..9c83ecda0a 100644 --- a/1ki/17/11.md +++ b/1ki/17/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## As Yahweh your God lives ## +# As Yahweh your God lives This phrase is an oath to emphasize that what she will say is true. -## See ## +# only a handful of meal + +"only a little bit of meal" + +# meal + +"flour." This what is used to make bread. + +# See The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## two sticks ## +# two sticks This may refer to two sticks or to only a few sticks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## afterward make some for you and for your son ## +# that we may eat it, and die + +It is implied that they will die because they do not have anymore food. AT: "that we may eat. Afterwards, we will starve to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# afterward make some for you and for your son It is implicit that there would be enough flour and oil to make more bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/14.md b/1ki/17/14.md index 4e1acd4405..cddab8ac10 100644 --- a/1ki/17/14.md +++ b/1ki/17/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Yahweh sends rain ## +# Yahweh sends rain -AT: "Yahweh causes rain to fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom that means Yahweh causes it to rain. AT: "Yahweh causes rain to fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## just as the word of Yahweh had said ## +# She and Elijah, along with her household, ate for many days -AT: "just as Yahweh had said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +In the original language it says, "And she and he and her household ate for many days." It is unclear who "he" is. Possible meanings are 1) Elijah, the widow, and her son ate for many days or 2) the widow, her son, and everyone living in her house ate for many days or 3) Elijah, the widow, and everyone living in her house ate for many days. + +# along with her household + +Possible meanings for "household" are 1) this refers only to the widow's son or 2) this refers to other people who live in her house but are not named in the story or 3) this refers to her son and others living in her house. + +# just as the word of Yahweh had said + +Here "word" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "just as Yahweh had said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/17.md b/1ki/17/17.md index 586b2e0ce9..f415812018 100644 --- a/1ki/17/17.md +++ b/1ki/17/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## ## +# the woman's son, the woman who owned the house -no more breath left in him** - AT: "he stopped breathing" or "he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"the son of the woman who owned the house" -## What have I to do with you ## +# there was no more breath left in him -This could be translated as "What do we have in common?" or "I have nothing to do with you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This is a polite way of saying the boy died. AT: "he stopped breathing" or "he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## man of God ## +# man of God -The phrase "man of God" is another title for a prophet. \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "man of God" is another title for a prophet. + +# of my sin + +This means sins in general not a specific sin. AT: "of my sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/19.md b/1ki/17/19.md index 89a2ac809d..9f582d6ed3 100644 --- a/1ki/17/19.md +++ b/1ki/17/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## have you also brought disaster on the widow...by killing her son? ## +# where he was staying -AT: "Surely, you could not have brought disaster on the widow...by killing her son!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "he" refers to Elijah. -## stretched himself on the child ## +# on his own bed -AT: "lay on top of the child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "his" refers to Elijah. + +# have you also brought disaster on the widow with whom I am staying, by killing her son? + +Possible meanings are 1) Elijah is truly asking a question. AT: "why would you cause the widow with whom I am staying to suffer even more by killing her son" or 2) Elijah uses a question to express how sad he is. AT: "surely, you would not cause the widow with whom I am staying to suffer even more by killing her son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# have you also brought disaster on the widow + +Causing the widow to suffer is spoken of as if "disaster" were an object that is placed on the widow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# also brought disaster + +Here "also" means in addition to the disaster that the drought has caused. + +# stretched himself on the child + +This is an idiom. AT: "lay on top of the child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/22.md b/1ki/17/22.md index 774a076814..bf082e344a 100644 --- a/1ki/17/22.md +++ b/1ki/17/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Yahweh listened to the voice of Elijah ## +# Yahweh listened to the voice of Elijah -AT: "Yahweh answered Elijah's prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "voice" represents what Elijah prayed. AT: "Yahweh answered Elijah's prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the life of the child returned to him again, and he revived ## +# the life of the child returned to him, and he revived -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "the child came back to life" or "the child lived again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## See, your son is alive ## +# his room + +Here "his" refers to Elijah. + +# See, your son is alive The word "See" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## the word of Yahweh in your mouth is true ## +# the word of Yahweh in your mouth is true -AT: "the message that you spoke from Yahweh is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the message of Yahweh in your mouth is true." The word "mouth" represents what Elijah said. AT: "the message that you spoke from Yahweh is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/17/intro.md b/1ki/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..04b9efe96e --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Kings 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the beginning of the story of Elijah. (1 Kings 17 – 2 Kings 2) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Baal worship ##### +Ahab had introduced the worship of Baal, the god people thought brought rain, to Israel. Because of this, God caused a drought. Elijah told Ahab that it would not rain or dew until he, Elijah, said so. Elijah had to hide so Ahab would not kill him for bringing the drought. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/01.md b/1ki/18/01.md index db94ffa128..44df1467ce 100644 --- a/1ki/18/01.md +++ b/1ki/18/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## send rain on the land ## +# the word of Yahweh came -AT: "cause rain to fall on the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## now the famine was severe ## +# send rain on the land + +"cause rain to fall on the land" + +# now the famine was severe The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the writer tells background information about how the famine had affected Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/03.md b/1ki/18/03.md index 518016cba7..b586948c96 100644 --- a/1ki/18/03.md +++ b/1ki/18/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Now Obadiah honored Yahweh ## +# Now Obadiah honored Yahweh The word "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the writer tells about a new person in the story. -## one hundred prophets and hid them by fifties ## +# one hundred prophets and hid them by fifties -AT: "100 prophets and hid them in groups of 50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"100 prophets and hid them in groups of 50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/05.md b/1ki/18/05.md index 5f5d4394b1..38e0134574 100644 --- a/1ki/18/05.md +++ b/1ki/18/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## save the horses and mules alive...not lose all the animals ## +# save the horses and mules alive ... not lose all the animals -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "prevent the horses and mules from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "prevent the horses and mules from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Ahab went one way by himself, and Obadiah went another way ## +# Ahab went one way by himself and Obadiah went another way -The phrase "by himself" emphasizes that Ahab and Obadiah went in separate directions, not necessarily that no one was with Ahab. AT: "Ahab lead a team in one direction, and Obadiah lead a team in the other direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "by himself" emphasizes that Ahab and Obadiah went in separate directions, not necessarily that no one was with Ahab. AT: "Ahab lead a team in one direction and Obadiah lead a team in the other direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/07.md b/1ki/18/07.md index 2f17217ca6..c118dc4890 100644 --- a/1ki/18/07.md +++ b/1ki/18/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Is it you, my master Elijah? ## - -AT: "Master Elijah, you have come!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## master Elijah ## +# master Elijah Here the word "master" is used as a term of respect. -## Go tell your master, 'Look, Elijah is here' ## +# Go tell your master, 'Look, Elijah is here.' Here the word "master" refers to Ahab. -## Look ## +# Look The word "Look" here adds emphasis to what follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/09.md b/1ki/18/09.md index 28e57b5335..2ed932f52d 100644 --- a/1ki/18/09.md +++ b/1ki/18/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## How have I sinned...for him to kill me? ## +# How have I sinned ... for him to kill me? -AT: "It is as if I had wronged you...for him to kill me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Obadiah asks this question to emphasize the danger to himself because of King Ahab's anger at Elijah. AT: "I have not wronged you ... for him to kill me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## give your servant into the hand of Ahab ## +# give your servant into the hand of Ahab -"deliver your servant to Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Hand" is metonymy for power and control. AT: "deliver your servant to Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## servant ## +# your servant Obadiah refers to himself as Elijah's servant in order to honor Elijah. -## As Yahweh your God lives ## +# As Yahweh your God lives This is an oath used to emphasize that what he is saying is true. -## there is no nation...where my master has not sent men ## +# there is no nation or kingdom where my master has not sent men -AT: "my master has sent men everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here "no nation or kingdom" is an exaggeration that means that men have traveled very far and gone to many places to find Elijah. This can be expressed positively. AT: "my master has sent men to nations and kingdoms near and far" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## Yet now ## +# Yet now This phrase is used to emphasize the danger in what Elijah is telling Obadiah to do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/12.md b/1ki/18/12.md index 666ecca744..51d07962a6 100644 --- a/1ki/18/12.md +++ b/1ki/18/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Has it not been told to you...with bread and water? ## +# Has it not been told to you ... with bread and water? -AT: "Surely you have been told about what I did...with bread and water?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Surely you have been told about what I did ... with bread and water!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## my master ## +# my master Here the word "master" is a term of respect used to refer to Elijah. -## one hundred of Yahweh’s prophets by fifties ## +# one hundred of Yahweh's prophets by fifties "100 of Yahweh's prophets in groups of 50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/14.md b/1ki/18/14.md index bc1cbaeff8..3f54dd6e7d 100644 --- a/1ki/18/14.md +++ b/1ki/18/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## now you say, 'Go, tell your master that Elijah is here,' ## +# Go and tell your master that Elijah is here -See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 18:9](./09.md). +See how you translated these words in [1 Kings 18:11](./09.md). -## your master ## +# your master Here "master" refers to King Ahab. -## As Yahweh of hosts lives ## +# As Yahweh of hosts lives This is an oath to emphasize that what he will say is true. -## before whom I stand ## +# before whom I stand -AT: "whom I serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +To "stand before" is an idiom for being in someone's presence and ready to serve him. AT: "whom I serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/16.md b/1ki/18/16.md index 2faae21116..2e39ca2643 100644 --- a/1ki/18/16.md +++ b/1ki/18/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## he told him ## +# told him what Elijah said -AT: "Obadiah told Ahab what Elijah had told him to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"Obadiah told Ahab what Elijah had told him to say" -## Is it you, you troublemaker of Israel? ## +# Is it you? You are the one who brings trouble to Israel! -AT: "So here you are, you troublemaker of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Ahab asks the question for emphasis to be certain about Elijah's identity. AT: "So here you are. You are the troublemaker of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/18.md b/1ki/18/18.md index e538b51d02..587f75f083 100644 --- a/1ki/18/18.md +++ b/1ki/18/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## all Israel ## +# all Israel -This refers to the leaders and people who represent the ten tribes of the northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is a generalization to refer to the leaders and people who represent the ten tribes of the northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## 450 prophets ## +# 450 prophets "four hundred and fifty prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## four hundred prophets ## +# four hundred prophets "400 prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/20.md b/1ki/18/20.md index ba952c21bb..6751148a71 100644 --- a/1ki/18/20.md +++ b/1ki/18/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## sent word ## +# sent word to ... and gathered -"sent a message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"Word" represents Ahab's message and is also a metonym for the messenger who delivered the message. This is a common statement used with the meaning understood. AT: "sent a message to ... and gathered" or "sent a messenger to summon ... to gather" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## How long will you keep changing your mind? ## +# How long will you keep changing your mind? -Elijah asks this question to urge the people to make a decision. AT: "You have been indecisive for long enough." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Elijah asks this question to urge the people to make a decision. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You have been indecisive for long enough." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## did not answer him a word ## +# did not answer him a word "did not say anything" or "were silent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/22.md b/1ki/18/22.md index b3cab52f3a..e31b325d32 100644 --- a/1ki/18/22.md +++ b/1ki/18/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## I, I alone, am left ## +# I, I alone, am left -The word "I" is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +The word "I" is repeated for emphasis. -## call on the name of your god...call on the name of Yahweh ## +# 450 men -AT: "call to your god...call to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"four hundred and fifty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## all the people answered and said, "This is good." ## +# call on the name of your god ... call on the name of Yahweh -AT: all the people said, "This is a good thing to do." \ No newline at end of file +"Name" is metonymy for the reputation and honor of someone and "calling on" him represents an appeal. AT: "call to your god ... call to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all the people answered and said, "This is good." + +"all the people said, 'This is a good thing to do.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/25.md b/1ki/18/25.md index f92c53dd9c..8dbc5f6971 100644 --- a/1ki/18/25.md +++ b/1ki/18/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## prepare it ## +# prepare it "make it ready to be sacrificed" -## you are many people ## +# you are many people Here the word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## the bull that was given to them ## +# They took the bull -AT: "the bull that someone gave them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"The prophets of Baal took the bull" -## But there was no voice, nor anyone who answered ## +# the bull that was given to them -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. AT: "But Baal did not say or do anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the bull that someone gave them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But there was no voice, nor anyone who answered + +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that there was no one to respond to the prayers of the false prophets. The word "voice" represents someone speaking. AT: "But Baal did not say or do anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/27.md b/1ki/18/27.md index be88f35e6d..e5112fe61c 100644 --- a/1ki/18/27.md +++ b/1ki/18/27.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Perhaps ## +# Perhaps "Maybe" or "It could be that" -## relieving himself ## +# relieving himself -AT: "in the bathroom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This euphemism is a more pleasant way to express a harsh statement. Elijah uses understatement to insult Baal with sarcasm. AT: "in the bathroom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## must be awakened ## +# must be awakened -AT: "you must awaken him" or "you must wake him up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must awaken him" or "you must wake him up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they were still raving ## +# they were still raving -"they continued their wild behavior." Prophets were often expected to act in ways that seemed unusual or even crazy. In this case they were calling on Baal while dancing, shouting loudly, and cutting themselves with knives. +"they continued their wild behavior." Prophets often acted in ways that seemed unusual or even crazy. In this case they were calling on Baal while dancing, shouting loudly, and cutting themselves with knives. -## of offering of the evening sacrifice ## +# of offering of the evening sacrifice -AT: "to offer the evening sacrifice" +"to offer the evening sacrifice" -## evening ## +# but there was no voice or anyone to answer; there was no one who paid any attention to their pleadings -when daylight begins to turn dark as the sun goes down +These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that no one responded to the prayers of the false prophets. AT: "but Baal did not say or do anything or even pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## but there was no voice or anyone to answer; there was no one who paid any attention to their pleadings ## +# there was no voice or anyone to answer -These phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. AT: "but Baal did not say or do anything or even pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [1 Kings 18:26](./25.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/30.md b/1ki/18/30.md index 36843d9920..cb6cf7ed91 100644 --- a/1ki/18/30.md +++ b/1ki/18/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## twelve stones ## +# twelve stones -AT: "12 stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"12 stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## in the name of Yahweh ## +# in the name of Yahweh -Possible meanings are 1) "to honor Yahweh" or 2) "with the authority of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Name" is a metonymy for honor and reputation. Possible meanings are 1) "to honor Yahweh" or 2) "with the authority of Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## trench ## +# trench a small waterway to hold water -## two seahs of seeds ## +# two seahs of seeds -A seah is a unit of volume equal to about 7.7 liters. AT: "about 15 liters of seeds" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +A seah is a unit of volume equal to about 7.7 liters. AT: "about 15 liters of seeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/33.md b/1ki/18/33.md index 1fbf21d06d..0c0c8d6256 100644 --- a/1ki/18/33.md +++ b/1ki/18/33.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## he placed the wood for a fire ## +# He arranged the wood for a fire -AT: "he put the wood for a fire on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"On the altar" where he placed the wood is assumed in this sentence. AT: "He put the wood for a fire on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## four jars ## +# four jars -AT: "4 jars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"4 jars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## jar ## +# jars -a container for water +A jar is a container for water. -## trench ## +# trench See how you translated this in [1 Kings 18:30](./30.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/36.md b/1ki/18/36.md index a76266f193..82efc6f8aa 100644 --- a/1ki/18/36.md +++ b/1ki/18/36.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## It happened ## +# It happened -This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to reference a significant and meaningful time of the day in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## evening ## - -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 18:27](./27.md). - -## Yahweh, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Israel ## +# Yahweh, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Israel Here "Israel" is referring to Jacob. God changed Jacob's name to Israel (Genesis 32:28), and God named the nation of Jacob's descendants "Israel." -## let it be known this day ## +# let it be known this day -AT: "make these people know today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "make these people know today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Hear me...hear me ## +# Hear me ... hear me -This phrase is repeated for emphasis. +This phrase is repeated to emphasize the appeal of Elijah to Yahweh. -## turned their heart back again to yourself ## +# turned their heart back again to yourself -AT: "caused them to worship you again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people's "heart" is a metonymy for the affection and loyalty of the people. AT: "caused them to be loyal to you again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/38.md b/1ki/18/38.md index dc3bb11808..31dea24a6c 100644 --- a/1ki/18/38.md +++ b/1ki/18/38.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## the fire of Yahweh fell down ## +# the fire of Yahweh fell -AT: "the fire of Yahweh came down" +"the fire of Yahweh came down" -## licked up ## +# licked up -The fire is compared to a thirsty person drinking water (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The fire is compared to a thirsty person drinking water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Yahweh, he is God! Yahweh, he is God! ## +# Yahweh, he is God! Yahweh, he is God! This phrase is repeated for emphasis. -## brook Kishon ## +# brook Kishon A "brook" is a small stream or watercourse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/41.md b/1ki/18/41.md index d91046fce9..620e30770b 100644 --- a/1ki/18/41.md +++ b/1ki/18/41.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## there is the sound of much rain ## +# there is the sound of much rain -AT: "it sounds like it is going to rain a lot" +"it sounds like it is going to rain a lot" -## bowed himself down on the earth, and put his face between his knees ## +# bowed himself down on the earth and put his face between his knees This describes a posture used for praying. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/43.md b/1ki/18/43.md index 0059ba09f4..0c8aa3a37b 100644 --- a/1ki/18/43.md +++ b/1ki/18/43.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## seven times ## +# seven times -AT: "7 times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +The word "seven" can be rendered as the numeral "7." AT: "7 times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## as small as a man's hand ## +# as small as a man's hand From a long distance, the cloud could be covered from sight by a man's hand. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/45.md b/1ki/18/45.md index 1e34e2651d..05a0ee5c64 100644 --- a/1ki/18/45.md +++ b/1ki/18/45.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## It happened ## +# It happened -This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark where a new step in the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## the hand of Yahweh was on Elijah ## +# the hand of Yahweh was on Elijah -Here the word "hand" represents strength. AT: "Yahweh gave his power to Elijah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "hand" is a metonymy for strength. AT: "Yahweh gave his power to Elijah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## tucked his robe in his belt ## +# tucked his robe in his belt Elijah wrapped his long robe around his waist so that his legs would be free for running. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/18/intro.md b/1ki/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..701fe3a8dc --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Kings 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Elijah continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Baal ##### +God proved himself to all the people of Israel. Elijah went to meet Ahab. He told Ahab to bring the 450 prophets of Baal and all the people to Mount Carmel. Then he proposed an experiment, which was carried out. The prophets of Baal took one bull, killed them, cut them up, and placed them on wood on an altar without lighting the fire. The prophets of Baal danced and prayed to Baal all morning and half the afternoon. After they were exhausted, Elijah built his altar and drenched it with water. Then he prayed. God answered his prayer with fire that burned up the sacrifice, the altar and the water. Then Elijah told the people to seize the prophets of Baal and kill them. After that, Elijah prayed for rain, and it rained very hard. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Humor ##### + +Elijah insults the false god Baal. He states, "Perhaps he is thinking, or is relieving himself, or he is traveling on a journey, or perhaps he is sleeping and must be awakened." Baal was too busy in the bathroom to answer the prophets. "Relieving himself" is a euphemism. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/01.md b/1ki/19/01.md index f1d0dcac70..fa8b184db9 100644 --- a/1ki/19/01.md +++ b/1ki/19/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## So may the gods do to me, and more also ## +# So may the gods do to me, and more also -This is an oath used for emphasis. AT: "May the gods kill me and do even more bad things" +This is a comparison used as an emphatic oath. "May the gods kill me and do even more bad things" -## if I do not make your life like the life of one of those dead prophets ## +# if I do not make your life like the life of one of those dead prophets -AT: "if I do not kill you like you killed those prophets" +"if I do not kill you like you killed those prophets" -## he arose ## +# he arose "he stood up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/04.md b/1ki/19/04.md index 60a21801fc..050ea1f44f 100644 --- a/1ki/19/04.md +++ b/1ki/19/04.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## he himself went a day’s journey ## +# he himself went a day's journey The word "himself" is used to emphasize that he was alone. AT: "he walked by himself for a day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## broom tree ## +# broom tree A "broom tree" is a plant that grows in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## He requested for himself that he might die ## +# He requested for himself that he might die "He prayed that he would die" -## It is enough, now, Yahweh ## +# It is enough, now, Yahweh -AT: "These troubles are too much for me, Yahweh" or "I am very worried now, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"These troubles are too much for me, Yahweh" -## Get up ## +# bread that had been baked on coals -"wake up" or "sit up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "bread that someone had cooked on hot stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## bread that had been baked on coals ## - -AT: "bread that someone had cooked on hot stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## jug of water ## +# jug of water "a container of water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/07.md b/1ki/19/07.md index afc2a8dad3..da069255b7 100644 --- a/1ki/19/07.md +++ b/1ki/19/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## will be too much for you ## +# will be too much for you -"will be too difficult for you" +"will be too difficult for you." -## he traveled in the strength of that food forty days and forty nights ## +# he traveled in the strength of that food forty days and forty nights -AT: "that food gave him energy to travel for 40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"that food gave him energy to travel for 40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/09.md b/1ki/19/09.md index d35f8446cd..8ba51537d7 100644 --- a/1ki/19/09.md +++ b/1ki/19/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## into a cave there ## +# to a cave there Here the word "there" refers to Mount Horeb. A cave is an opening in a mountainside that leads to a natural room or rooms underground. -## word of Yahweh came to him and said to him ## +# the word of Yahweh came to him and said to him -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. AT: "Yahweh said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The idiom "The word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to him. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to him:" See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## What are you doing here, Elijah? ## +# What are you doing here, Elijah? Yahweh asks this question to rebuke Elijah and to remind him of his duty. AT: "This is not where you should be, Elijah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I, only I, am left ## +# I, only I, am left -Here the word "I" is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "I" is repeated for emphasis. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/11.md b/1ki/19/11.md index bb5e11b56b..524d9618f2 100644 --- a/1ki/19/11.md +++ b/1ki/19/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## on the mountain before me ## +# on the mountain before me -AT: "on the mountain in my presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## struck the mountains ## - -"hit the mountains" \ No newline at end of file +"Before me" is an idiom for standing in front of someone. AT: "on the mountain in my presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/13.md b/1ki/19/13.md index 34b0599d77..f1a69b78b0 100644 --- a/1ki/19/13.md +++ b/1ki/19/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## he wrapped his face in his cloak ## +# he wrapped his face in his cloak -AT: "he covered his face with his cloak" or "he hid his eyes from seeing God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) A cloak is a long robe, a piece of clothing that covers the whole body. +"he covered his face with his cloak" A cloak is a long robe, a piece of clothing that covers the whole body. -## entrance ## +# Then a voice came to him -the opening where someone enters a cave or room +"Then he heard a voice" -## Then a voice came to him ## +# What are you doing here ... and they are also trying to take my life -AT: "Then he heard a voice" +See how you translated this text in [1 Kings 19:9-10](./09.md). -## What are you doing here...trying to take my life, too. ## +# I, only I, am left -See how you translated this same text in [1 Kings 19:9](./09.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "I" is repeated for emphasis. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/15.md b/1ki/19/15.md index 4e274a8eae..84d1ab3ffa 100644 --- a/1ki/19/15.md +++ b/1ki/19/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## prophet in your place ## +# prophet in your place "prophet instead of you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/17.md b/1ki/19/17.md index 06533c33ac..e9a006e5a7 100644 --- a/1ki/19/17.md +++ b/1ki/19/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## It will happen ## +# It will happen -This phrase is used to introduce what will happen when Elijah does what Yahweh has told him to do. AT: “What will happen is” +This phrase is used to introduce what will happen when Elijah does what Yahweh has told him to do. "What will happen is" -## whoever escapes from the sword of Hazael ## +# whoever escapes from the sword of Hazael -AT: "whomever Hazael does not kill with the sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Sword" is metonymy for for killing as in battle. AT: "whomever Hazael does not kill with the sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will leave for myself ## +# I will leave for myself -Here the words "I" and "myself" refer to Yahweh. AT: "I will save from death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) +Here the words "I" and "myself" refer to Yahweh. AT: "I will save from death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## seven thousand people ## +# seven thousand people -AT: "7,000 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"7,000 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## whose knees have not bent down to Baal, and whose mouths have not kissed him ## +# whose knees have not bent down to Baal, and whose mouths have not kissed him -This refers to things people did to worship idols. They are combined for emphasis. AT: "who have not bowed down and kissed Baal" or "who have not worshiped Baal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Bending down" and "kissing" are metonymies for actions people did to worship idols. They are combined for emphasis. AT: "who have not bowed down and kissed Baal" or "who have not worshiped Baal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/19.md b/1ki/19/19.md index f07585ce7d..79cb7b749c 100644 --- a/1ki/19/19.md +++ b/1ki/19/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## plowing ## +# Shaphat -To plow is to break up the ground with a large blade pulled behind animals so that seeds can be planted. +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## twelve yoke of oxen ## +# twelve yoke of oxen -AT: "12 yoke of oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"12 yoke of oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## he himself was plowing with the twelfth yoke ## +# he himself was plowing with the twelfth yoke The word "himself" indicates that Elisha was plowing with the last yoke, while other men were plowing with the other eleven yokes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he said, "Please ## +# he said, "Please The word "he" refers to Elisha. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/21.md b/1ki/19/21.md index 566b1d32ea..5a5bcdc5b4 100644 --- a/1ki/19/21.md +++ b/1ki/19/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## he gave it to the people ## +# he gave it to the people Elisha gave the cooked meat to the people of his city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/19/intro.md b/1ki/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6eea287693 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Kings 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Elijah continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +The queen was angry that Elijah had killed her prophets of Baal. She promised to kill Elijah. Elijah fled south into the desert south of Judah. He traveled on to Mount Horeb also known as Mount Sinai, the mountain of God. God asked him why he was there. He said he had come to Mount Horeb because Israel had deserted God, killed his prophets, and wanted to kill him. God sent him home to make Hazael the king of Aram, Jehu the king of Israel, and Elisha as the prophet in his place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/01.md b/1ki/20/01.md index bcb88e6e15..b163d093ff 100644 --- a/1ki/20/01.md +++ b/1ki/20/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Benhadad ## +# Ben Hadad This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## thirty-two lesser kings ## +# thirty-two lesser kings -two lesser kings** - "32 lesser kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"32 lesser kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## lesser kings ## +# lesser kings -AT: "kings ruling smaller numbers of people" \ No newline at end of file +"kings ruling smaller groups of people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/04.md b/1ki/20/04.md index 80b81e05a5..dff7e83f81 100644 --- a/1ki/20/04.md +++ b/1ki/20/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## It is as you say ## +# It is as you say -AT: "I agree with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom to express agreement. AT: "I agree with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## tomorrow about this time ## +# tomorrow about this time "tomorrow at the same time of day that it is now" -## whatever pleases their eyes ## +# whatever pleases their eyes -AT: "whatever pleases them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the "eyes" represent the whole person and emphasize them looking at something and desiring it. AT: "whatever pleases them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/07.md b/1ki/20/07.md index b35dea796b..d73f2c1442 100644 --- a/1ki/20/07.md +++ b/1ki/20/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## of the land ## +# of the land -AT: "of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"The land" represents all the people living there. AT: "of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## take note and see ## +# take note and see -AT: "pay close attention to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"Take note" is an idiom to observe carefully. AT: "pay close attention to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I have not refused him ## +# I have not refused him -AT: "I have agreed to his demands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) - -## all the people ## - -AT: "all the people who were present" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be expressed positively. AT: "I have agreed to his demands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/09.md b/1ki/20/09.md index 06be2e1895..8c5d2ba95c 100644 --- a/1ki/20/09.md +++ b/1ki/20/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## this second demand ## +# May the gods do so to me and more also -AT: "what you have demanded the second time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +This is an oath with great emphasis. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 19:2](../19/01.md). -## May the gods do so to me and more also ## +# if even the ashes of Samaria will be enough for all the people who follow me to have a handful each -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 19:1](../19/01.md). - -## if even the ashes of Samaria will be enough for all the people who follow me to have a handful each ## - -Benhadad is saying that his army will totally destroy everything in Samaria. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Ben Hadad is threatening that his army will totally destroy everything in Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/11.md b/1ki/20/11.md index 6e7c6acda8..051e263bdb 100644 --- a/1ki/20/11.md +++ b/1ki/20/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## "Tell Benhadad, 'No one who is just putting on his armor should boast as if he were taking it off.' " ## +# Tell Ben Hadad, 'No one who is just putting on his armor ... as if he were taking it off.' -"Tell Benhadad, 'Do not boast as if you have already won a battle that you have not yet fought.' " (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an expression to give advice. "Putting on armor" is metonymy for getting prepared for battle. "Tell Ben Hadad, 'Do not boast as if you have already won a battle that you have not yet fought.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/13.md b/1ki/20/13.md index c027f7ffeb..d867217aa0 100644 --- a/1ki/20/13.md +++ b/1ki/20/13.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## Then behold ## +# Then behold -The word “behold” alerts us to the sudden appearance of a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. +The word "behold" alerts us to the sudden appearance of a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## Have you seen this great army? ## +# Have you seen this great army? -Yahweh asks this question to emphasize the size and strength of Benhadad's army. AT: "Look at this great army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh asks this question to emphasize the size and strength of Ben Hadad's army. AT: "Look at this great army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Look, I will place it into your hand today ## +# Look, I will place it into your hand today -The word “Look” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +The word "Look" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## place it into your hand ## +# place it into your hand Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "give you victory over that army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## By whom? ## +# By whom? -AT: "By whom will you do this?" +Ahab leaves out the words 'will you do this' AT: "By whom will you do this?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Ahab mustered the young officers ## +# Ahab mustered the young officers "Ahab assembled the young officers" -## 232 ## +# 232 -AT: "two hundred and thirty-two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"two hundred and thirty-two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## all the soldiers, all the army of Israel ## +# all the soldiers, all the army of Israel These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## seven thousand ## +# seven thousand -AT: "7,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"7,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/16.md b/1ki/20/16.md index a0e764f31c..d666d3730d 100644 --- a/1ki/20/16.md +++ b/1ki/20/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## They went out ## +# They went out Here the word "They" refers to the Israelite army. -## thirty-two lesser kings ## +# thirty-two lesser kings -two lesser kings** - See how you translated this in [1 Kings 20:1](./01.md). +See how you translated this in [1 Kings 20:1](./01.md). -## Benhadad was informed by scouts that he had sent out ## +# Ben Hadad was informed by scouts that he had sent out -AT: "Scouts that Benhadad had sent out informed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "Scouts that Ben Hadad had sent out informed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## scouts ## +# scouts A "scout" is a soldier sent to gather information about the enemy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/18.md b/1ki/20/18.md index a8f5a60ea2..1ce4732254 100644 --- a/1ki/20/18.md +++ b/1ki/20/18.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Ben Hadad said + +It is understood that Ben Hadad is speaking to his soldiers. AT: "Ben Hadad said to his soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Whether they have ... take them + +Here "they" and "them" refer to the Israelite army. + +# So the young officers ... the army followed + +"The young Israelite officers ... the Israelite army followed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/20.md b/1ki/20/20.md index 79f49cfaa9..ccbb34a91f 100644 --- a/1ki/20/20.md +++ b/1ki/20/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Israel pursued them ## +# Israel pursued them -AT: "the men of the army of Israel pursued them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Israel" is synecdoche for all the soldiers of the nation of Israel. AT: "the men of the army of Israel pursued them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the king of Israel went out and attacked ## +# the king of Israel went out and attacked -AT: "The king of Israel and his soldiers went out and attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"The king" is synecdoche for the king and all the soldiers serving under him. AT: "The king of Israel and his soldiers went out and attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/22.md b/1ki/20/22.md index 4d9f817471..33c223091d 100644 --- a/1ki/20/22.md +++ b/1ki/20/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## strengthen yourself ## +# strengthen yourself -AT: "strengthen your forces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Yourself" represents by metonymy the army of the king. AT: "strengthen your forces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## understand and plan ## +# understand and plan These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "determine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## at the return of the year ## +# at the return of the year -Possible meanings are 1) "in the springtime of next year" (UDB) or 2) "at this time next year." +Possible meanings are 1) "in the springtime of next year" or 2) "at this time next year." -## let us fight...we will be stronger ## +# let us fight ... we will be stronger -The words "us" and "we" refer to the servants, the king, and the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "us" and "we" refer to the servants, the king, and the army all together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/24.md b/1ki/20/24.md index c88e974a3d..2aa42c35bb 100644 --- a/1ki/20/24.md +++ b/1ki/20/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## take the kings away, every one out of his command ## +# Remove all the kings from their positions of authority -AT: "You must remove the thirty-two kings who are leading your troops and replace them with army commanders." \ No newline at end of file +"You must remove the thirty-two kings who are leading your troops" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/26.md b/1ki/20/26.md index 4b4aa62116..f1d8c42c55 100644 --- a/1ki/20/26.md +++ b/1ki/20/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Aphek ## +# Aphek This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## to fight against Israel ## +# to fight against Israel -AT: "to fight against the army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Israel" represents the army of Israel. AT: "to fight against the army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## The people of Israel were mustered and supplied ## +# The people of Israel were mustered and supplied -AT: "The Israelite army was also gathered together, and they were given the things that they needed for the battle." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Israelite army also gathered together, and the commanders gave the arms that they needed for the battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## like two little flocks of goats ## +# like two little flocks of goats -The Israelite army appears small and weak like new-born goats. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This simile compares the Israelite army to two little flocks of goats. AT: "The Israelite army appeared to be small and weak like two flocks of goats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/28.md b/1ki/20/28.md index d7edd1a17c..91f21788e8 100644 --- a/1ki/20/28.md +++ b/1ki/20/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## a man of God ## +# a man of God -This is another title for a prophet. AT: "a prophet" (UDB) +This is another title for a prophet. AT: "a prophet" -## place this great army into your hand ## +# place this great army into your hand Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "give you victory over this great army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/29.md b/1ki/20/29.md index 860ab6fcb2..76dfef0f07 100644 --- a/1ki/20/29.md +++ b/1ki/20/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## seven days ## +# seven days -AT: "7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## one hundred thousand ## +# 100,000 -AT: "100,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"one hundred thousand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## footmen ## +# footmen A "footman" is a soldier who marches on foot. -## The rest fled to Aphek ## +# The rest fled to Aphek -AT: "The rest of the Aramean soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The expression "the rest" assumes the words "of the Aramean soldiers." AT: "The rest of the Aramean soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## twenty-seven thousand ## +# Aphek -seven thousand** - "27,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twenty-seven thousand + +"27,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/31.md b/1ki/20/31.md index 4b6153c31f..91f6f68385 100644 --- a/1ki/20/31.md +++ b/1ki/20/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Look now ## +# Look now -These words emphasize what they will say. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what we are about to tell you" +This emphasizes what they will say. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what we are about to tell you" -## put sackcloth around our waists and ropes around our heads ## +# put sackcloth around our waists and ropes around our heads This was a sign of surrender. -## Is he still alive? ## +# Is he still alive? Ahab asks this question to express surprise. AT: "I am surprised that he is still alive!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## He is my brother ## +# He is my brother -AT: "He is like a brother to me" (UDB) or "He is like family" \ No newline at end of file +"My brother" is a metaphor for somebody who is a good friend. AT: "He is like a brother to me" or "He is like family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/33.md b/1ki/20/33.md index 62fdc52105..21b0d9d560 100644 --- a/1ki/20/33.md +++ b/1ki/20/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Now the men ## +# Now the men The word "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## for any sign from Ahab ## +# for any sign from Ahab -AT: "for any action from Ahab that would show them that Ahab wanted to be merciful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Sign" is metonymy for an action that gives a meaning. AT: "for any action from Ahab that would show them that Ahab wanted to be merciful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/35.md b/1ki/20/35.md index 49c370d27c..b696c58b36 100644 --- a/1ki/20/35.md +++ b/1ki/20/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## one of the sons of the prophets ## +# one of the sons of the prophets -AT: "a member of the group of prophets" +"a member of the group of prophets" -## by the word of Yahweh ## +# the word of Yahweh -AT: "as Yahweh had told him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"the message of Yahweh" or "Yahweh's message" -## you have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh ## +# you have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh -AT: "you have not obeyed Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"The voice" is metonymy for what Yahweh commanded. AT: "you have not obeyed Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/37.md b/1ki/20/37.md deleted file mode 100644 index a8f5a60ea2..0000000000 --- a/1ki/20/37.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/39.md b/1ki/20/39.md index a0e13e7b14..d944aed512 100644 --- a/1ki/20/39.md +++ b/1ki/20/39.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Your servant went out ## +# Your servant went out The prophet refers to himself in the third person as a sign of respect to the king. -## into the heat of the battle ## +# into the heat of the battle -"to where the battle was most intense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"Heat of the battle" is an idiom to express the most intense and fierce fighting. AT: "to where the battle was most intense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## then your life will be given for his life ## +# then your life will be given for his life -AT: "then you will die in his place." +"then you will die in his place" -## a talent of silver ## +# a talent of silver -A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 34 kilograms. AT: "34 kilograms of silver" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. AT: "33 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## going here and there ## +# going here and there -AT: "doing other things" (UDB) or "doing this and that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom to represent being very busy and preoccupied. AT: "doing other things" or "doing this and that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/41.md b/1ki/20/41.md index fcdcc93e46..5aa5980591 100644 --- a/1ki/20/41.md +++ b/1ki/20/41.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## let go from your hand ## +# let go from your hand -Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "released" or "spared the life of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "hand" is metonymy for power. AT: "released" or "spared the life of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your life will take the place of his life, and your people for his people ## +# your life will take the place of his life, and your people for his people -AT: "you will die in his place, and your people will die in the place of his people" - -## resentful and angry ## - -These words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +"you will die in his place, and your people will die in the place of his people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/20/intro.md b/1ki/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cd07644e93 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Kings 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is a story of two battles between Aram and Israel. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Battle ##### +God had chosen to defeat Ben Hadad, king of Aram. So when he attacked Samaria with a huge army, the tiny army of Israel defeated him. The people of Aram said that Yahweh was the god of the hills, but they could defeat Israel on the plains. So they came again but Israel defeated them again. Then Ben Hadad offered a peace plan and Ahab accepted. But God had wanted him to kill Ben Hadad and was angry at Ahab for making peace with him. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Simile ##### +There were so few Israel soldiers that they were "like two little flocks of goats." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/01.md b/1ki/21/01.md index 060d411839..91d8b0143e 100644 --- a/1ki/21/01.md +++ b/1ki/21/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## It later came about that ## +# Now some time later -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story and indicates that these events happened later, not that Naboth owned the vineyard later. If your language has a way marking the beginning of a new part of a story, you could consider using it here. AT: "Now this is what happened later" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Naboth the Jezreelite ## +# Naboth the Jezreelite This is the name of a man from Jezreel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## king of Samaria ## +# king of Samaria -Ahab ruled Israel from Samaria. AT: "king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Samaria" was the capital city of the kingdom of Israel and here represents the entire nation. AT: "king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/03.md b/1ki/21/03.md index 1e7299958e..c73a131672 100644 --- a/1ki/21/03.md +++ b/1ki/21/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## May Yahweh forbid ## +# May Yahweh forbid that I should give -AT: "I hope Yahweh will protect me from violating such a sacred trust." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This phrase is an oath that emphasizes that what follows will not happen. AT: "Because Yahweh forbids it, I will never give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## resentful and angry ## +# give the inheritance of my ancestors to you -These two words mean basically the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The land that his ancestors received as a permanent possession is spoken of as if it were an inheritance. AT: "give to you the land that my ancestors received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/05.md b/1ki/21/05.md index 6372a2bee4..1f9f9e98f0 100644 --- a/1ki/21/05.md +++ b/1ki/21/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Why is your heart so sad ## +# Why is your heart so sad -Here "heart" refers to the emotions. AT: "Why are you so sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "heart" refers to the entire person and his emotions. AT: "Why are you so sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Do you not still rule the kingdom of Israel? ## +# Do you not still rule the kingdom of Israel? -Jezebel is making a negative statement in the form of a question to rebuke Ahab. AT: "You still rule the kingdom of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Jezebel uses this negative rhetorical question to rebuke Ahab. It can be translated as a positive statement. AT: "You still rule the kingdom of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## let your heart be happy ## +# let your heart be happy -AT: "be happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" refers to the entire person and his emotions. AT: "be happy" or "cheer up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/08.md b/1ki/21/08.md index 89d4aeba3e..c5d8ddfd83 100644 --- a/1ki/21/08.md +++ b/1ki/21/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## in Ahab’s name ## +# wrote letters in Ahab's name -AT: "and she signed Ahab's name on them" (UDB) +Possible meanings are 1) she wrote Ahab's name on the letters. AT: "wrote letters and signed them with Ahab's name" or 2) the word "name" is a metonym for authority. AT: "wrote letters on behalf of Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the wealthy who sat with him ## +# the wealthy who sat with him -"the wealthy people who sat with Naboth" +The word "wealthy" refers to wealthy people. AT: "the wealthy people who sat with Naboth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## above the people ## +# seat Naboth above the people -AT: "in a place of honor among the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Having Naboth sit in a place of honor is spoken of as if it were having him sit above the rest of the people who were present. AT: "have Naboth sit in a place of honor among the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## let them testify against him ## +# let them testify against him -AT: "Tell these men to legally accuse Naboth of saying things that criticized God and the king." \ No newline at end of file +"have them accuse him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/11.md b/1ki/21/11.md index b8e2663b01..e12ad98d0b 100644 --- a/1ki/21/11.md +++ b/1ki/21/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## the wealthy who live ## +# the wealthy who lived in Naboth's city -"the wealthy men who lived" +The word "wealthy" refers to wealthy people. AT: "the wealthy people who lived in Naboth's city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## as Jezebel had described to them, as was written in the letters that she had sent to them ## +# as was written in the letters -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as she had written in the letters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## as was written in the letters ## +# seated Naboth above the people -AT: "as she had written in the letters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Having Naboth sit in a place of honor is spoken of as if it were having him sit above the rest of the people who were present. See how you translated this idea in [1 Kings 21:9](./08.md). AT: "had Naboth sit in a place of honor among the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## above the people ## +# sat before Naboth -AT: "in a place of honor among the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"sat in front of Naboth" -## they carried him out ## +# they carried him out Here the word "they" refers to the people of the city. -## Naboth has been stoned and is dead ## +# Naboth has been stoned and is dead -AT: "We have stoned Naboth and he is dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We have stoned Naboth and he is dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/15.md b/1ki/21/15.md index 47f1a968a4..d697e59612 100644 --- a/1ki/21/15.md +++ b/1ki/21/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## that Naboth had been stoned and was dead ## +# that Naboth had been stoned and was dead -AT: "that the people had stoned Naboth and he was dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the people had stoned Naboth and he was dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Naboth is not alive, but dead ## +# Naboth is not alive, but dead -These two phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize Jezebel's statement. AT: "Naboth is dead!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/17.md b/1ki/21/17.md index a8f5a60ea2..0cbffd9041 100644 --- a/1ki/21/17.md +++ b/1ki/21/17.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the word of Yahweh came + +This idiom means that Yahweh spoke or has sent a message. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/19.md b/1ki/21/19.md index 231f527a86..8589b5ce02 100644 --- a/1ki/21/19.md +++ b/1ki/21/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Have you killed and also taken possession? ## +# Have you killed and also taken possession? Yahweh asks this question to scold Ahab. AT: "You have killed Naboth and stolen his vineyard!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Your blood, yes, your blood ## +# your blood, yes, your blood This is repeated for emphasis. -## Have you found me, my enemy? ## +# Have you found me, my enemy? -Ahab uses this question to express anger towards Elijah. AT: "You have found me, my enemy!" or "You have discovered what I have done, my enemy!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Ahab uses this question to express anger toward Elijah. That Elijah "found" Ahab likely refers to Elijah discovering Ahab's actions, not to finding his physical location. AT: "You have found me, my enemy!" or "You have discovered what I have done, my enemy!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## sold yourself to do what is evil ## +# you have sold yourself to do what is evil -AT: "dedicated yourself to do what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +A person being committed to doing what is evil is spoken of as if that person had sold himself to evil. AT: "you have dedicated yourself to doing what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## what is evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# what is evil in the sight of Yahweh -AT: "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase, "in the sight of" refers to someone's opinion. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 11:6](../11/05.md). AT: "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/21.md b/1ki/21/21.md index 55eb280f51..58350f95c0 100644 --- a/1ki/21/21.md +++ b/1ki/21/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Look ## +# See -AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## completely consume and cut off from you ## +# completely consume and cut off from you every male child and slave and free man in Israel -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Yahweh speaks of destroying Ahab's family and preventing him from having any decedents as if he were consuming these people like a fire would consume them, and cutting them off as one would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "destroy every one of your male children in Israel, whether slave or free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will make your family like the family of Jeroboam...and like the family of Baasha ## +# I will make your family like the family of Jeroboam ... and like the family of Baasha Yahweh will destroy Ahab's family like he destroyed the families of Jeroboam and Baasha. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/23.md b/1ki/21/23.md index f9a990215d..e9028bc1d0 100644 --- a/1ki/21/23.md +++ b/1ki/21/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Anyone who belongs to Ahab ## +# Anyone who belongs to Ahab -AT: "Anyone who belongs to Ahab's family" \ No newline at end of file +"Anyone who belongs to Ahab's family" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/25.md b/1ki/21/25.md index b33f53805a..1ca34c3896 100644 --- a/1ki/21/25.md +++ b/1ki/21/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## who sold himself to do what was evil ## +# who sold himself to do what was evil -AT: "dedicated himself to do what was evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +A person being committed to doing what is evil is spoken of as if that person had sold himself to evil. See how you translated this idea in [1 Kings 21:20](./19.md). AT: "who dedicated himself to doing what was evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## what was evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -AT: AT: “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The phrase, "in the sight of" refers to someone's opinion. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 11:6](../11/05.md). AT: "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## whom Jezebel...incited ## +# removed before the people of Israel -Here "whom" refers to Ahab. - -## removed before the people of Israel ## - -Here "Israel" refers to all twelve tribes of Israel and not just to the northern kingdom. AT: "removed from the presence of the people of Israel" or "drove out of the land before the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file +Here "Israel" refers to all twelve tribes of Israel and not just to the northern kingdom. AT: "removed from the presence of the people of Israel" or "drove out of the land before the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/27.md b/1ki/21/27.md index 58b0eba3ee..933bee0741 100644 --- a/1ki/21/27.md +++ b/1ki/21/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Do you see how Ahab humbles himself before me? ## +# the word of Yahweh came + +This idiom means that Yahweh spoke or has sent a message. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Do you see how Ahab humbles himself before me? God uses this question to show Elijah that Ahab's sorrow is genuine. AT: "I have seen how Ahab humbles himself before me." or "Look at how Ahab humbles himself before me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## in his days...in his son’s day ## +# in his days ... in his son's day -AT: "during his lifetime...during his son's lifetime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"during his lifetime ... during his son's lifetime" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/21/intro.md b/1ki/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e1107ddcb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Kings 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Elijah continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +God hates oppression but is forgiving to people who are sorry for their sins. Ahab wanted Naboth's vineyard to make into a garden for his palace, but Naboth refused to sell it. So the queen, Ahab's wife, told the civic leaders of Naboth's town to falsely accuse him and execute him. Elijah told Ahab that he would be killed in Naboth's vineyard and all his family destroyed. Ahab repented and showed he was very sorry for what he did, so God said it would not happen to Ahab himself but to his son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/01.md b/1ki/22/01.md index 711612f41d..fd442be7be 100644 --- a/1ki/22/01.md +++ b/1ki/22/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Three years ## +# Three years -AT: "3 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"3 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## it came about that ## +# it came about that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/03.md b/1ki/22/03.md index 0de4c7a05e..d567bdc922 100644 --- a/1ki/22/03.md +++ b/1ki/22/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Do you know that Ramoth Gilead is ours, but that we are are doing nothing to take it from the hand of the king of Aram? ## +# Do you know that Ramoth Gilead is ours, but that we are doing nothing to take it from the hand of the king of Aram? Ahab asks this question to emphasize that they should have already recaptured Ramoth Gilead. AT: "Ramoth Gilead is ours, but we have done nothing yet to take it from the hand of the king of Aram." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## to take it from the hand of the king of Aram ## +# to take it from the hand of the king of Aram Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "to take it from the control of the king of Aram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I am as you are, my people are like your people, and my horses are like your horses ## +# I am like you, my people are like your people, and my horses are like your horses -AT: "I offer myself, my soldiers, and my horses to you to use in any way you want." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jehoshaphat tells Ahab that he, his people, and his horses belong to Ahab, meaning that Ahab can command them as he pleases. AT: "I, my soldiers, and my horses are yours to use in any way you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/05.md b/1ki/22/05.md index 91c5b1b4a9..52da87d0ad 100644 --- a/1ki/22/05.md +++ b/1ki/22/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## four hundred men ## +# four hundred men -AT: "400 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"400 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the Lord will place it into the hand of the king ## +# for the Lord will give it into the hand of the king -Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "the Lord will allow the king to capture it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "for the Lord will allow the king to capture Ramoth Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/07.md b/1ki/22/07.md index a8f5a60ea2..07e3bd31cd 100644 --- a/1ki/22/07.md +++ b/1ki/22/07.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# May the king not say that + +Jehoshaphat refers to Ahab in the third person to show respect for him. AT: "You should not say that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/10.md b/1ki/22/10.md index 9424c08063..f27011889b 100644 --- a/1ki/22/10.md +++ b/1ki/22/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## made himself horns ## +# made himself horns of iron -"made horns for himself" +"made iron horns for himself" -## With these you will push the Arameans until they are consumed ## +# With these you will push the Arameans until they are consumed -The prophet says that Ahab's army will win with great strength, as a bull attacks another animal. "Consume" is here a metaphor for "destroy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The prophet's actions are a symbolic metaphor that illustrates the way that Ahab would defeat the Arameans. Ahab's army will win with great strength, as a bull attacks another animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## until they are consumed ## +# until they are consumed -AT: "until you consume them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Destroying an enemy army is spoken of as if it were consuming them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "until you consume them" or "until you destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## given it into the hand of the king ## +# given it into the hand of the king -AT: "allowed the king to capture it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "allowed the king to capture it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/13.md b/1ki/22/13.md index 1d1b0b2536..707b608bcb 100644 --- a/1ki/22/13.md +++ b/1ki/22/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Now look ## +# Now look -AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## the words of the prophets declare good things with one mouth ## +# the words of the prophets declare good things to the king with one mouth -The phrase "with one mouth" means that they all say the same thing. AT: "the prophets all declare the same good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The prophets all saying the same thing is spoken of as if they all spoke with the same mouth. AT: "the prophets all declare the same good things to the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## let your word be like one of them ## +# let your word be like one of them -Here the word "them" refers to "the words of the prophets." AT: "let what you say agree with what they have said" +Here the word "them" refers to "the words of the prophets." AT: "let what you say agree with what they have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## should we go ## +# should we go The word "we" refers to Ahab, Jehoshaphat, and their armies but not to Micaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## will place it into the hand of the king ## +# will give it into the hand of the king -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 22:5](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "will allow the king to capture it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/16.md b/1ki/22/16.md index eddae131fc..cf63e769ad 100644 --- a/1ki/22/16.md +++ b/1ki/22/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## How many times must I require...in the name of Yahweh? ## +# How many times must I require ... in the name of Yahweh? -Ahab asks this question out of frustration to rebuke Micaiah. AT: "Many times I have required...in the name of Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Ahab asks this question out of frustration to rebuke Micaiah. AT: "Many times I have required ... in the name of Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## in the name of Yahweh ## +# in the name of Yahweh Here the word "name" refers to authority. AT: "as the representative of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I saw all Israel ## +# I saw all Israel -Here "all Israel" refers to the army of Israel. AT: "I saw the entire army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here "all Israel" refers to the army of Israel. AT: "I saw the entire army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## like sheep who have no shepherd ## +# like sheep who have no shepherd -The people of the army are compared to sheep that have no one to lead them because their shepherd, the king, has died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people of the army are compared to sheep that have no one to lead them because their shepherd, the king, has died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# These have no shepherd + +Yahweh speaks of the king as if he were a shepherd. Just like a shepherd is responsible to care for and protect his sheep, the king is responsible to lead and protect his people. AT: "These people no longer have a leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/18.md b/1ki/22/18.md index 4992d69224..e93b6cece9 100644 --- a/1ki/22/18.md +++ b/1ki/22/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Did I not tell you...but only disaster? ## +# Did I not tell you ... but only disaster? -Ahab asks this question to emphasize that he had told the truth about Micaiah. AT: "I told you...but only disaster." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Ahab asks this question to emphasize that he had spoken the truth about Micaiah. AT: "I told you ... but only disaster!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## fall at Ramoth Gilead ## +# fall at Ramoth Gilead -AT: "die at Ramoth Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Ahab dying in battle is spoken of as if he will fall. AT: "die at Ramoth Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## one individual...another ## +# One of them said ... and another one said -These refer to members of "all the host of heaven." \ No newline at end of file +"One ... and another" refers to two or more angels in the heavenly host who were responding to Yahweh's question in the previous verse. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/21.md b/1ki/22/21.md index b0c32314a4..56f45462e8 100644 --- a/1ki/22/21.md +++ b/1ki/22/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Now see ## +# be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets -The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" +Here the word "spirit" refers to the attitudes of the prophets and the words "the mouth" represents what they will say. AT: "cause all his prophets to speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets ## +# Now see -Here the word "spirit" refers to the attitudes of the prophets; "the mouth" refers to what they will say. AT: "cause all his prophets to speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## has put a lying spirit in the mouth of these prophets ## +# has put a lying spirit in the mouth of all these prophets of yours -AT: "caused all of these prophets to speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "spirit" refers to the attitudes of the prophets and the words "the mouth" represents what they will say. AT: "has caused all of your prophets to speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/24.md b/1ki/22/24.md index d6334f66a3..bc0ca5c7a2 100644 --- a/1ki/22/24.md +++ b/1ki/22/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Which way did the Spirit of Yahweh take to go from me to speak to you? ## +# Which way did the Spirit of Yahweh take to go from me to speak to you? -Zedekiah asks this sarcastic question to rebuke Micaiah. - AT: "You should not think that Yahweh's Spirit left me to speak to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Zedekiah asks this sarcastic question to insult and rebuke Micaiah. AT: "Do not think that Yahweh's Spirit left me to speak to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Look ## +# Look -AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## you will know that ## +# you will know that -AT: "you will know who is prophesying the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +"you will know the answer to your question." If Zedekiah's rhetorical question is translated as a statement, this phrase may be translated to supply implicit information. AT: "you will know that the Spirit of Yahweh has spoken to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/26.md b/1ki/22/26.md index 16371c7358..fe68f05f64 100644 --- a/1ki/22/26.md +++ b/1ki/22/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## If you return safely ## +# If you return safely -This describes something that would not happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file +This describes something that would not happen. Yahweh had already told Micaiah that the king would not return safely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/29.md b/1ki/22/29.md index a8f5a60ea2..89d8dcfb5c 100644 --- a/1ki/22/29.md +++ b/1ki/22/29.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Ahab, the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah, went up + +Here the kings represent themselves accompanied by their armies. AT: "Ahab, the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah led their armies up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# disguise + +This means to change the usual appearance so as not to be identified. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/31.md b/1ki/22/31.md index fad8b673f0..c931a9f524 100644 --- a/1ki/22/31.md +++ b/1ki/22/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## thirty-two captains ## +# thirty-two captains -two captains** - AT: "32 captains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"32 captains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## It came about that ## +# Do not attack unimportant or important soldiers + +By mentioning both "unimportant" and "important soldiers," the king meant all soldiers. AT: "Do not attack any of the soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# It came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/34.md b/1ki/22/34.md index a8f5a60ea2..084dcb710d 100644 --- a/1ki/22/34.md +++ b/1ki/22/34.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# drew his bow at random + +Possible meanings are 1) he took aim to shoot a soldier without knowing that it was Ahab or 2) he drew his bow to shoot without any specific target in mind. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/35.md b/1ki/22/35.md index 412c12c688..21702b830c 100644 --- a/1ki/22/35.md +++ b/1ki/22/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the king was held up in his chariot ## +# the king was held up in his chariot -AT: "someone held the king up in his chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone held the king up in his chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## a cry went up ## +# a cry went up -AT: "soldiers began to shout" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "a cry" represents the soldiers who were shouting. AT: "soldiers began to shout" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Every man should go back to his city, and every man should go back to his region! ## +# Every man should go back to his city; and every man should go back to his region These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/37.md b/1ki/22/37.md index 39e486ebc2..5eee68c28d 100644 --- a/1ki/22/37.md +++ b/1ki/22/37.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## was brought to Samaria ## +# was brought to Samaria -AT: "his soldiers brought his body to Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his soldiers brought his body to Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they buried him ## +# they buried him -AT: "people buried him" +"people buried him" -## just as the word of Yahweh had declared ## +# just as the word of Yahweh had declared -AT: "just as Yahweh had declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "the word of Yahweh" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "just as Yahweh had declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/39.md b/1ki/22/39.md index aa5ae3ff4c..e34ed36b19 100644 --- a/1ki/22/39.md +++ b/1ki/22/39.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel? ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." or "you can read them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## slept with his ancestors ## +# slept with his ancestors -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Ahab dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 2:10](../02/10.md). AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/41.md b/1ki/22/41.md index aa2789780d..584f5dd179 100644 --- a/1ki/22/41.md +++ b/1ki/22/41.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## thirty-five years old ## +# thirty-five years old -five years old** - AT: "35 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"35 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## tweny-five years ## +# twenty-five years -five years** - AT: "25 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"25 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/43.md b/1ki/22/43.md index ea70a862b7..353ab6f00c 100644 --- a/1ki/22/43.md +++ b/1ki/22/43.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## walked in the ways of Asa, his father ## +# He walked in the ways of Asa, his father -AT: "did the same things that Asa, his father, had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +A person's behavior is spoken of as if that person walked along a path. AT: "He did the same things that Asa, his father, had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## what was right in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh -AT: "what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "eyes" represents seeing and Yahweh's opinion is spoken of as if he were able to see something. AT: "what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the shrines were still not taken away ## +# the high places were not taken away -AT: "he still did not take away the shrines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he did not take away the high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/45.md b/1ki/22/45.md index b3546ba6fd..72a0602a56 100644 --- a/1ki/22/45.md +++ b/1ki/22/45.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah? ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah." or "you can read them in the book of the events of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/48.md b/1ki/22/48.md index 11e3089907..8f53452b0f 100644 --- a/1ki/22/48.md +++ b/1ki/22/48.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the ships were wrecked ## +# the ships were wrecked -AT: "the ships wrecked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the ships wrecked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## slept with his ancestors and was buried with them ## +# slept with his ancestors -See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jehoshaphat dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 2:10](../02/10.md). AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# was buried with them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/51.md b/1ki/22/51.md index 60322698fe..f311f6ab4d 100644 --- a/1ki/22/51.md +++ b/1ki/22/51.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## he reigned two years ## +# he reigned two years -AT: "he reigned 2 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"he reigned 2 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## what was evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh's opinion regarding something is spoken of as if Yahweh were seeing that thing. AT: "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## walked in the way of his father, in the way of his mother, and in the way of Jeroboam the son of Nebat ## +# walked in the way of his father, in the way of his mother, and in the way of Jeroboam son of Nebat -AT: "did the same things that his father, mother, and Jeroboam the son of Nebat had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +A person's behavior is spoken of as if that person were walking along a path. AT: "did the same things that his father, mother, and Jeroboam son of Nebat had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## led Israel to sin ## +# led Israel to sin Here the word "Israel" refers to the ten northern tribes that made up the kingdom of Israel. -## He served Baal and worshiped him ## +# He served Baal and worshiped him -The words "served" and "worshiped" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "served" and "worshiped" mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the God of Israel ## +# the God of Israel Here the word "Israel" refers to all of the twelve tribes descended from Jacob. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/22/intro.md b/1ki/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89a4953a0b --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# 1 Kings 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the end of the story of Ahab and a continuation of the story of Elijah as he had predicted Ahab's death and the dogs licking his blood. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +When God has decided a person will die, then they cannot avoid death. Ahab persuaded Jehoshaphat, king of Judah to help him in a battle against the army of Aram. Ahab's false prophets all told him to go because he would be successful. But a randomly shot arrow hit him and he bled to death. They washed his chariot at the pool and the dogs licked up his blood, just as Elijah had said they would. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "However, the shrines were still not taken away. The people were still sacrificing and burning incense at the shrines." ##### +At the shrines, the people worshiped Yahweh. But later, during Hezekiah's reign it was decided that all sacrifices must be made only at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Kings 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/front/intro.md b/1ki/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..14376332ae --- /dev/null +++ b/1ki/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +# Introduction to 1 Kings # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of 1 Kings #### + +1. The death of David and the beginning of Solomon's reign +1. The reign of Solomon (3:1–11:43) + - Solomon's wisdom and glory (3:1–4:43) + - Solomon's temple (5:1–8:66) + - Rise and fall of Solomon (9:1–11:43) +1. The kingdom divides + - Rehoboam succeeds Solomon (12:1–24) + - Jeroboam rules the northern kingdom of Israel (12:25–33) + - Ahijah's prophecies against Jeroboam (13:1–14:20) + - Rehoboam's end (14:21–31) +1. Kings and events in Israel and Judah + - Abijam and Asa in Judah (15:1–24) + - Nadab in Israel (15:25–32) + - Baasha in Israel (15:33–16:7) + - Elah in Israel (16:8–14) + - Zimri in Israel (16:15–22) + - Omri in Israel (16:23–28) + - Ahab in Israel (16:29–22:40) + - Jehoshaphat in Judah (22:41–50) + - Ahaziah in Israel (22:51–53) + +#### What are the Books of 1 and 2 Kings about? #### + +These books are about the history of the people of Yahweh from the time when they split into two kingdoms after Solomon's death. This was the time when the northern kingdom went its own way under its own kings. The Books of 1 and 2 Kings tell this story from the viewpoint that the kings and the priests should have taught their people to be faithful to Yahweh and to his covenant with them. + +The Book of 2 Kings tells how King Josiah repaired the temple and reformed the worship of Yahweh. His actions were in response to the rediscovery of a copy of the Law of Yahweh in Jerusalem (See: [2 Kings 22–23](../../2ki/22/01.md)). But at the same time, the northern kingdom was growing increasingly corrupt until the Assyrians conquered it in 722 BC. Finally, the southern kingdom fell to the Babylonian Empire in 586 BC. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The Books of 1 and 2 Kings were originally one book in Hebrew but were separated into two books when they were translated in Greek. Translators might choose to create a more meaningful title such as "The First Book about the Kings" and "The Second Book about the Kings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was the religious purpose of 1 and 2 Kings? #### + +These books were probably written during the exile, after the temple had been destroyed by the Babylonians. Because the temple had had such great religious and cultural significance, the writer may have wanted to explain why the Jews were in exile and how they could continue to worship Yahweh without performing temple sacrifices. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why do the Books of 1 and 2 Kings refer to someone being addressed indirectly? #### + +In the languages of the original Old Testament, people often referred to themselves as "your servant" when speaking to anyone in a superior position to themselves. For example, David frequently called himself "your servant" when he spoke to King Saul. He also called Saul "my master." This type of indirect reference was intended to show honor to the one addressed. English sometimes uses the address "sir" in this way, but a translator should use whatever expressions that are natural in the project language in order to honor someone in a superior position. + +#### What does the king "did what was right (or evil) in the eyes of Yahweh" mean? #### + +This kind of expression is repeated throughout the Books of 1 and 2 Kings. The writer evaluated the achievements and failures of the people and their kings by how well they kept the covenant with Yahweh. + +#### What is the meaning of the term Israel? #### + +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who was also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the kingdom of Judah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/01.md b/1pe/01/01.md index d494799d90..bb2fa7f052 100644 --- a/1pe/01/01.md +++ b/1pe/01/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,27 @@ -## Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ ## +# General Information: -Peter is identifying himself. "I, Peter, Jesus Christ's messenger am writing to you(plural)" +Peter identifies himself as the writer and identifies and greets the believers to whom he is writing. -## Pontus ## +# the foreigners of the dispersion -This is present day northern Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +Peter speaks of his readers as people who live away from their homes in many different countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Galatia ## +# Cappadocia ... Bithynia -This is present day central Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +Along with the other places that Peter mentions, "Cappadocia" and "Bithynia" were Roman provinces located in what is now the country of Turkey. -## Cappadocia ## +# the chosen ones ... according to the foreknowledge of God the Father -This is present day east central Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +"the ones whom God the Father has chosen ... according to his own foreknowledge." God has chosen them according to his own foreknowledge. -## Asia ## +# the foreknowledge of God the Father -This is present day west central Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +The abstract noun "foreknowledge" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Possible meanings are 1) God had determined what would happen ahead of time. AT: "what God the Father decided previously" or 2) God knew what would happen ahead of time. AT: "what God the Father knew beforehand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Bithynia ## +# for the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ -This is present day northwest Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +Here "the blood" refers to the death of Jesus. Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus' death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). -## foreknowledge ## +# May grace be to you, and may your peace increase -Possible meanings: 1) knowledge of an event before it occurs or 2) "decided previously" (UDB). - -## sprinkling of his blood ## - -This refers to Jesus' blood as a sacrifice and to when Moses sprinkled blood on the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). - -## May grace be to you ## - -The words May grace be to you are the usual greetings of the people he is writing to. In some languages it is more natural to put your usual greetings here. The word "you" and your" refer to believers who live in the above named geographical locations. \ No newline at end of file +This passage speaks of grace as if it were an object that believers could possess, and of peace as if it were something that could increase in amount. Of course, grace is in reality the kind way God acts toward believers, and peace is how believers live in safety and joy with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/03.md b/1pe/01/03.md index 80b47be05c..afcad7fc64 100644 --- a/1pe/01/03.md +++ b/1pe/01/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## our Lord Jesus Christ ## +# General Information: -The words "our" and "us "refer to the speaker, Peter and the believers mentioned in [1 Peter 1:1](./01.md). (see [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Peter begins to talk about the believers' salvation and faith. Here he elaborates on a metaphor in which what God promises to do for all believers is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he passes on to them. -## he gave to us a new birth ## +# our Lord Jesus Christ ... gave us a new birth -The writer is speaking about spiritual birth given to us only by Jesus. At: "he has made us live again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The words "our" and "us" refer to Peter and those to whom he is writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## for the confidence of an inheritance ## +# he gave us a new birth -"we know that he will do for us what he has promised" (UDB) +"he caused us to be born again" -## reserved ## +# for the confidence of an inheritance -"saved for us" or "kept for us" (UDB) +You can translate this using a verb. AT: "so that we confidently expect to receive an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## will not become stained ## +# inheritance -"unharmed by sin" or "sin can not harm" +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the last times ## +# will not perish, will not become stained, and will not fade away -"when Christ returns to earth" \ No newline at end of file +Peter uses three similar phrases to describe the inheritance as something that is perfect and eternal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is reserved in heaven for you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God is reserving it in heaven for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You are protected by God's power + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God is protecting you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by God's power + +Here "power" is a way of saying that God is strong and able to protect believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# through faith + +Here "faith" refers to the fact that the believers trust in Christ. AT: "because of your faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# that is ready to be revealed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God is ready to reveal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/06.md b/1pe/01/06.md index aace98e665..b2e842f366 100644 --- a/1pe/01/06.md +++ b/1pe/01/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## You rejoice in this ## +# You are very glad about this -05]] "you are glad for what God has done" +The word "this" refers to all the blessings that Peter mentions in the previous verses. -## now it is necessary for you to feel sorrow ## +# This is for the proving of your faith -"now it is right and proper that you feel sorrow" +In the same way in which fire refines gold, hardships test how well believers trust in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that is much more precious than gold ## +# the proving of your faith -"God values your faith more than he values gold" +God wishes to test how well believers trust in Christ. -## which perishes in the fire that tests your faith ## +# faith, which is more precious than gold that perishes, even though it is tested by fire -"although gold is tested by fire, it does not last forever" +Faith is more valuable than gold, because gold does not last forever, even if it is refined in fire. -## at the revelation of Jesus Christ ## +# your faith will be found to result in praise, glory, and honor -"when Jesus Christ returns" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) that "God will honor you very highly" because of your faith or 2) that "your faith will bring praise, glory, and honor" to God. + +# at the revealing of Jesus Christ + +"when Jesus Christ is revealed." This refers to the return of Christ. This can also be expressed with an active form. AT: "when Jesus Christ appears to all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/08.md b/1pe/01/08.md index 4bc2394d75..2891a978a8 100644 --- a/1pe/01/08.md +++ b/1pe/01/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## You have not seen Him ## +# unspeakable, glorious joy -"You did not see him with your own eyes" or "you did not physically observed him." All occurences of "you" refer to believers in [1 Peter 1:1](./01.md)" \ No newline at end of file +"wonderful joy that words cannot describe" + +# the salvation of your souls + +Here the word "souls" refers to the whole person. The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated with a verb. AT: "your salvation" or "God saving you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# salvation ... grace + +These words present two ideas as if they were things or objects. In reality, "salvation" refers to the action of God saving us, or to what happens as a result. Similarly, "grace" refers to the kind way in which God deals with believers. + +# searched and inquired carefully + +The words "inquired carefully" mean basically the same thing as "searched." Together these words emphasize how hard the prophets tried to understand this salvation. AT: "examined very carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/11.md b/1pe/01/11.md index afacd2a920..391fea2c22 100644 --- a/1pe/01/11.md +++ b/1pe/01/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## They searched to know ## +# Connecting Statement: -"They tried to know" or "They inquired about" The word "they" refers to the prophets. +Peter continues talking about the prophets' search for salvation. -## they were serving these things, not for themselves, but for you ## +# They searched to know -In some languages it is more natural to put the positive befor the negative. "they were serving these things for you, not for themselves" \ No newline at end of file +"They tried to determine" + +# the Spirit of Christ + +This is a reference to the Holy Spirit. + +# It was revealed to them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God revealed to the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# into which angels long to look + +"that angels want to understand" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/13.md b/1pe/01/13.md index 4090e4d29f..df6d8f335a 100644 --- a/1pe/01/13.md +++ b/1pe/01/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## gird up the loins of your mind ## +# So gird -"prepare your mind for activity". When wearing a robe, one would tuck the robe in his belt to prepare for work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Because of this, gird." Peter uses the word "So" here to refer back to everything he has said about salvation, their faith, and the Spirit of Christ giving revelations to the prophets. -## Be sober in your thinking ## +# gird up the loins of your mind -controlled" \ No newline at end of file +Girding up the loins refers to preparing to work hard. It comes from the custom of tucking the bottom of one's robe into a belt around the waist in order to move with ease. AT: "get your minds ready" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Be sober + +Here the word "sober" refers to mental clarity and alertness. AT: "Control your thoughts" or "Be careful about what you think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the grace that will be brought to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the grace that God will bring to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the grace that will be brought to you + +Here God's way of dealing kindly with believers is spoken of as if it were an object that he will bring to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# at the revealing of Jesus Christ + +"when Jesus Christ is revealed." This refers to the return of Christ. This can also be expressed with an active form. See how you translated this in [1 Peter 1:7](./06.md). AT: "when Jesus Christ appears to all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# do not conform yourselves to the desires + +"do not desire the same things" AT: "do not live to gratify the desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/15.md b/1pe/01/15.md index 6254fb32a8..152f0ededb 100644 --- a/1pe/01/15.md +++ b/1pe/01/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the one ## +# For it is written -"God" +This refers to God's message in the scripture. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For as God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## impartially ## +# Be holy, because I am holy -"fairly" +Here the word "I" refers to God. -## spend the time of your journey in reverence ## +# go through the time of your journey -"live with respect for God during your stay on earth" \ No newline at end of file +Peter speaks of his readers as if they were people living in a foreign land away from their home. AT: "use the time you are living away from your true home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/18.md b/1pe/01/18.md index 8c5afe2272..c3c36c5ebf 100644 --- a/1pe/01/18.md +++ b/1pe/01/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## you have been redeemed from ## +# you have been redeemed -"God redeemed you from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) or "God saved you from" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has redeemed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## as of a lamb ## +# the precious blood of Christ -He was sacrificed so that God would forgive your sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "blood" stands for Christ's death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## without blemish and without spot ## +# like a lamb without blemish or spot + +Jesus died as a sacrifice so that God would forgive people's sins. AT: "like the lambs without blemish or spot that the Jewish priests sacrificed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# without blemish or spot Peter expresses the same idea in two different ways to emphasize Christ's purity. AT: "with no imperfections" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/20.md b/1pe/01/20.md index 19c1d294f3..566571ca31 100644 --- a/1pe/01/20.md +++ b/1pe/01/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Christ was chosen ## +# Christ was chosen -"God chose Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God chose Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he has been revealed to you ## +# before the foundation of the world -"God has made you know him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this with a verbal phrase. AT: "before God created the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## foundation of the world ## +# he has been revealed to you -"beginning of creation" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has revealed him to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he has been revealed to you + +Peter does not mean that his readers actually saw Christ, but that they learned the truth about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# and gave him glory + +"and glorified him" or "and showed that he is glorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/22.md b/1pe/01/22.md index cc6abf74e3..6b9806a7e5 100644 --- a/1pe/01/22.md +++ b/1pe/01/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## brotherly love ## +# You made your souls pure -This is natural human love between friends or relatives. +Here the word "soul" refers to the whole person. AT: "You made yourselves pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## love one another earnestly from the heart ## +# pure -"love one another deeply and sincerely" +Here the idea of cleanliness refers to being acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## imperishable ## +# by obedience to the truth -"not perishable" or "permanent" \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this using a verbal phrase. AT: "by obeying the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# brotherly love + +This refers to love between fellow believers. + +# love one another earnestly from the heart + +Here the word "heart" refers to the seat of the emotions and indicates that they are to love completely. AT: "love one another earnestly and completely" or "love one another earnestly and wholeheartedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# born again, not from perishable seed, but from imperishable seed + +Possible meanings are that Peter speaks of the word of God either 1) as the seed of a plant that grows and produces new life in believers or 2) as the tiny cells inside a man or woman that combine to cause a baby to grow inside the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# imperishable + +"not perishable" or "not permanent" + +# through the living and remaining word of God + +Peter speaks of God's word as if it were alive forever. In reality, it is God who lives forever, and whose commands and promises last eternally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/24.md b/1pe/01/24.md index f97fd9486a..d6d5b2b8bd 100644 --- a/1pe/01/24.md +++ b/1pe/01/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## all flesh is like grass ## +# General Information: -"All people will perish like grass perishes. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +In these verses Peter quotes a passage from the prophet Isaiah relating to what he has just said about them being born of imperishable seed. -## all its glory is like the flower of grass ## +# All flesh is like grass, and all its -"And all the greatness that people have will not last forever" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The word "flesh" refers to humanity. The prophet Isaiah compares humanity to grass that grows and dies quickly. AT: "All people will die like grass dies, and all their" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## the message that was proclaimed ## +# glory is like the wild flower of the grass -"the message that we proclaimed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "glory" refers to beauty or goodness. Isaiah compares the things that people consider to be good or beautiful about humanity to flowers that die quickly. AT: "goodness soon stops, just as flowers soon die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# This is the good news + +Here the word "This" refers to "the word of the Lord." + +# the good news that was announced + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the good news that we announced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/intro.md b/1pe/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c63fa40e51 --- /dev/null +++ b/1pe/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# 1 Peter 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:24-25, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Work of God in salvation ##### +This chapter emphasizes the work of God in salvation. It reminds Christians of the great things only God could have done in order to bring them to a right relationship with himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/salvation]]) + +##### Eternity ##### +This chapter contrasts living for things of this world, which will not last, with living for things that will matter eternally. It is also important to live with the expectation that Jesus will return soon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +A paradox is a seemingly absurd statement that appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "You rejoice in this, even though now it is necessary for you to feel sorrow in many different trials" (1:6). + +##### "You are now" ##### +Even though the statement, "You are now receiving for yourselves the result of your faith, the salvation of your souls," is in the present tense, it refers to an action that has already happened. Therefore, it can be translated as a completed action. Some English translations do this and use a slightly different construction. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Peter 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[1 Peter intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/01.md b/1pe/02/01.md index bf0ead016a..38772615a7 100644 --- a/1pe/02/01.md +++ b/1pe/02/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Therefore put aside ## +# Connecting Statement: -"So stop doing" +Peter continues teaching his readers about holiness and obedience. -## As newborn infants ## +# Therefore put aside all evil, all deceit, hypocrisy, envy, and all slander -The believers are compared to newborn infants who need milk to grow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These sinful actions are spoken of as if they were objects that people could throw away. The word "Therefore" here refers back to everything that Peter has said about being holy and obedient. AT: "So then, get rid of everything that is evil, and hypocrisy, and envy, and all slander" or "So then, stop being evil, or being deceptive, or being hypocritical, or envying, or slandering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## long for ## +# As newborn infants, long for pure spiritual milk + +Peter speaks of his readers as if they were babies. Babies requires very pure food, which they can digest easily. In the same way, believers need pure teaching from God's word. AT: "Just as babies long for their mother's breast milk, so you must yearn for pure spiritual milk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# long for "desire intensely" or "yearn for" -## you may grow in salvation ## +# pure spiritual milk -"you may grow spiritually." The word "you" refers to the believers mentioned in chapter 1. +Peter speaks of the word of God as if it were spiritual milk that nourished children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## if you have tasted that the Lord is kind ## +# you may grow in salvation -"because you have experienced that the Lord acts very kindly toward you" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "salvation" refers to when God brings the salvation of his people to completion when Jesus returns (see [1 Peter 1:5](../01/03.md)). They were to increasingly act in ways that were consistent with this salvation. You can translate this with a verbal phrase. AT: "you may grow up spiritually until God saves you completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# grow + +Peter speaks of believers advancing in knowledge of God and faithfulness to him as if they were children growing up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if you have tasted that the Lord is kind + +Here to taste means to experience something personally. AT: "if you have experienced the Lord's kindness toward you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/04.md b/1pe/02/04.md index 972e441c6b..81473c64f0 100644 --- a/1pe/02/04.md +++ b/1pe/02/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## Come to him who is a living stone ## +# General Information: -Jesus is compared to the most important stone in the foundation of a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Peter begins to tell a metaphor about Jesus and the believers being living stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## rejected by people ## +# Come to him who is a living stone -"rejected by some by people" or "rejected by many people" \ No newline at end of file +Peter speaks of Jesus as if he were a stone in a building. AT: "Come to him who is like a stone in a building, but alive, not a dead stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who is a living stone + +Possible meanings are 1) "who is a stone that is alive" or 2) "who is a stone that gives life." + +# that has been rejected by people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that people have rejected" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but that has been chosen by God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but that God has chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You also are ... being built up to be a spiritual house + +Just as people used stones to build the temple in the Old Testament, believers are the materials that God is using to build a house in which he will live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You also are like living stones + +Peter compares his readers to stones that are alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# that are being built up to be a spiritual house + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God is building into a spiritual house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a holy priesthood that offers the spiritual sacrifices + +Here the position of priesthood stands for the priests who fulfill its duties. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/06.md b/1pe/02/06.md index c14343dfbb..664b04dc16 100644 --- a/1pe/02/06.md +++ b/1pe/02/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Scripture says this ## +# Scripture contains this -> "God caused the following to be written down about Christ" +The scriptures are spoken of as if they were a container. This passage refers to the words that a person reads in scripture. AT: "This is what a prophet wrote in the scriptures long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Behold ## +# See -"I am telling you something important" or "Listen!" The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. Your language may have a way of doing this. +The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## a corner stone, chief and chosen and precious ## +# a cornerstone, chosen and valuable -The words "chief" and "precious" describe the value of the "cornerstone." AT: "a most important corner stone which I have chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file +God is the one who chose the stone. AT: "a most important cornerstone, which I have chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a cornerstone + +The prophet speaks of the Messiah as the most important stone in a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/07.md b/1pe/02/07.md index e7c288103b..f2744e47ad 100644 --- a/1pe/02/07.md +++ b/1pe/02/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## the stone that was rejected by the builders ## +# Connecting Statement: -"the stone that the builder rejected" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Peter continues quoting from the scriptures. -## a stone of stumbling and a rock of stumbling. ## +# the stone that was rejected ... has become the head of the corner -These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that people will take offense at this "stone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a metaphor that means people, like builders, rejected Jesus, but God has made him the most important stone in a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the stone that was rejected by the builders + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the stone that the builders rejected" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the head of the corner + +This refers to the most important stone in a building and means basically the same thing as "cornerstone" in [1 Peter 2:6](./06.md). + +# a stone of stumbling and a rock of stumbling + +These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that people will take offense at this "stone," which refers to Jesus. AT: "a stone or a rock over which people will stumble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stumble, disobeying the word + +Here "the word" refers to the gospel message. To disobey means that they do not believe. AT: "stumble because they are not believing the message about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for which they were also destined + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for which God also destined them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/09.md b/1pe/02/09.md index effcd7b129..77a4448b77 100644 --- a/1pe/02/09.md +++ b/1pe/02/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## you are a chosen race ## +# General Information: -The word "you" refers to believers in Christ. +In verse 10 Peter quotes a verse from the prophet Hosea. Some modern versions do not format this as a quote, which is also acceptable. -## called you out ## +# a chosen people -"called you to come out" or "called you to turn away from" \ No newline at end of file +You can clarify that God is the one who has chosen them. AT: "a people whom God has chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a royal priesthood + +Possible meanings are 1) "a group of kings and a group of priests" or 2) "a group of priests who serve the king." + +# a people for God's possession + +"a people who belong to God" + +# who called you out + +"who called you to come out" + +# from darkness into his marvelous light + +Here "darkness" refers to their condition as sinful people who did not know God, and "light" refers to their condition as people who do know God and practice righteousness. AT: "from a life of sin and ignorance of God to a life of knowing and pleasing him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/11.md b/1pe/02/11.md index 43c3c472f7..dff53a5073 100644 --- a/1pe/02/11.md +++ b/1pe/02/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## foreigners and wanderers ## +# General Information: -These two words mean basically the same thing. Peter uses them together to emphasize that they do not belong to the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Peter begins to talk about how to live Christian lives. -## war against your soul ## +# foreigners and wanderers -"seek to destroy your faith in God" \ No newline at end of file +These two words mean basically the same thing. Peter speaks of his readers as people who are living in foreign lands away from their home. See how you translated "foreigners" in [1 Peter 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to abstain from fleshly desires + +Here the idea of flesh refers to the sinful nature of humanity in this fallen world. AT: "to not to give in to sinful desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# make war against your soul + +Here the word "soul" refers to a person's spiritual life. Peter speaks of sinful desires as soldiers that are trying to destroy the spiritual life of believers. AT: "seek to destroy your spiritual life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You should have good behavior + +The abstract noun "behavior" can be translated with a verb. AT: "You should behave well" or "You should behave in a good way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# if they speak about you as + +"if they accuse you of" + +# they may observe your good works + +The abstract noun "works" can be translated with a verb. AT: "they may observe the good things that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# on the day of his coming + +"on the day when he comes." This refers to the day when God will judge all people. AT: "when he comes to judge everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/13.md b/1pe/02/13.md index 114395dde8..f61711148a 100644 --- a/1pe/02/13.md +++ b/1pe/02/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## do not possess your freedom ## +# for the Lord's sake -"use your freedom" +Possible meanings are 1) that by obeying human authorities, they are obeying the Lord who established those authorities or 2) that by obeying human authorities, they will honor Jesus who also obeyed human authorities. -## as a covering for wickedness ## +# the king as supreme -"for an excuse to do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the king as the highest human authority" + +# who are sent to punish + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the king has sent to punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in doing good you silence the ignorant talk of foolish people + +"by doing good you stop foolish people from speaking about things that they do not know" + +# as a covering for wickedness + +Peter speaks of their condition as free people as something that they should not use to hide sinful behavior. AT: "as an excuse to do wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the brotherhood + +This refers to all Christian believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/18.md b/1pe/02/18.md index 007e60eb91..d7ea353ef1 100644 --- a/1pe/02/18.md +++ b/1pe/02/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## Servants ## +# General Information: -Those who believers were house servants. \ No newline at end of file +Peter begins to speak specifically to people who are servants in people's houses. + +# the good and gentle masters + +Here the words "good" and "gentle" share similar meanings and emphasize that such masters treat their servants kindly. AT: "the very kind masters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the malicious ones + +"the cruel ones" or "the mean ones" + +# it is praiseworthy + +"it is deserving of praise" or "it is pleasing to God" + +# endures pain ... because of his awareness of God + +Possible meanings of the original passage are 1) that this person accepts suffering because he knows he is obeying God or 2) that this person is able to endure unjust punishment because he knows that God knows how he is suffering. + +# For how much credit is there ... while being punished? + +Peter asks this question to emphasize that there is nothing praiseworthy about suffering for doing something wrong. AT: "For there is no credit ... while being punished." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# while being punished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "while someone punishes you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you suffer while being punished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you suffer while someone punishes you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/21.md b/1pe/02/21.md index 8e3cd56b41..7738d4f4f1 100644 --- a/1pe/02/21.md +++ b/1pe/02/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## to this you were called ## +# Connecting Statement: -Possible meanings: 1) "you are to behave like this in suffering, because this is how Christ behaved in suffering" or 2) "One of the reasons God choose you is so that you might suffer for Him". +Peter continues speaking to people who are servants in people's houses. -## When he was reviled, he did not revile back ## +# it is to this that you were called -"when people insulted Jesus, he did not insult them back." \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "this" refers to believers enduring while suffering for doing good, as Peter has just described. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has called you to this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for you to follow in his tracks + +"so that you would follow his footprints." Peter speaks of following Jesus' example in the way that they suffer as if one were walking on the same path that Jesus had taken. AT: "so that you would imitate his behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# neither was any deceit found in his mouth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "neither did anyone find deceit in his mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# neither was any deceit found in his mouth + +Here "deceit" refers to words that a person speaks that are intended to deceive other people. AT: "neither did he speak any lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# When he was reviled, he did not revile back + +To "revile" someone is to speak abusively to another person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When people insulted him, he did not insult them back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# gave himself to the one who judges justly + +"he entrusted himself to the one who judges justly." This means that he trusted God to take away his shame, which had been put on him by those who treated him harshly. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/24.md b/1pe/02/24.md index a5e60de92e..c06a0deabd 100644 --- a/1pe/02/24.md +++ b/1pe/02/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## He himself ## +# Connecting Statement: -This refers to Jesus for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) +Peter continues talking about Jesus Christ. He is still speaking to people who are servants. -## our sins ## +# He himself -All occurrences of "our" and "we" refer to Peter the speaker and the believers mentioned in [1 Peter 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +This refers to Jesus, with emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## By his bruises you have been healed. ## +# carried our sins in his body to the tree -"God has healed you by Christ's bruises." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "carried our sins" means he suffered the punishment for our sins. AT: "suffered the punishment for our sins in his body on the tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## All of you had been wandering away ## +# the tree -The word "you" refers to the believers in [1 Peter 1:1](../01/01.md). +This is a reference to the cross on which Jesus died, which was made of wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the shepherd and guardian of your souls ## +# By his bruises you have been healed -"Jesus guides and protects you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has healed you because people bruised him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you had been wandering away like lost sheep + +Peter speaks about his readers before they believed in Christ as if they had been similar to lost sheep wandering around aimlessly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the shepherd and guardian of your souls + +Peter speaks of Jesus as if he were a shepherd. Just as a shepherd protects his sheep, Jesus protects those who trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/02/intro.md b/1pe/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5b2b54d396 --- /dev/null +++ b/1pe/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# 1 Peter 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:6, 7, 8, 10, 22, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Stones ##### +Stones are used in Scripture to describe the church. Jesus is the cornerstone. The apostles and prophets are the foundation. In this chapter, Christians are the stones used to continue to build the church. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Milk and solid food ##### +This is an image used to describe maturity in Christ. It compares the immature Christian to a baby who is only able to drink milk. Immature Christians are not mature enough to handle solid foods, which are the more complex teachings about Jesus. Instead, they have chosen not to grow so they remain like babies who only drink milk, the simpler and more basic teachings about Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "You are now the people of God" ##### +Some scholars believe this indicates the church has replaced Israel in the plans of God. Other scholars believe there are more than one "people of God." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Peter 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/01.md b/1pe/03/01.md index 1c408931c9..a07b448972 100644 --- a/1pe/03/01.md +++ b/1pe/03/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Peter has just talked about the suffering of the believers and then about Christ's suffering. +# General Information: -## In this way, you who are wives should submit to your own husbands, ## +Peter begins to speak specifically to women who are wives. -"So wives obey your own husbands." +# In this way, you who are wives should submit to your own husbands -## some ## +Just as believers are to "Obey every human authority" ([1 Peter 2:13](../02/13.md)) and servants are to "be subject" to their masters ([1 Peter 2:18](../02/18.md)), wives are to submit to their husbands. The words "Obey," "be subject," and "submit" translate the same word. -The word "some" refers to husbands. +# some men are disobedient to the word -## they will have seen ## +Here "the word" refers to the gospel message. To disobey means that they do not believe. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Peter 2:8](../02/07.md). AT: "some men do not believe the message about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -The words "they" and "them" refer to the husbands. \ No newline at end of file +# they may be won + +"they may be persuaded to believe in Christ." This means that the unbelieving husbands will become believers. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they may become believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# without a word + +"without the wife saying a word." Here "a word" refers to any word that the wife might speak about Jesus. + +# they will have seen your sincere behavior with respect + +The abstract noun "behavior" can be translated with a verb. AT: "they will have seen that you behave sincerely and respectfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your sincere behavior with respect + +Possible meanings are 1) "your sincere behavior toward them and the way that you honor them" or 2) "your pure behavior toward them and the way that you honor God." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/03.md b/1pe/03/03.md index acb45b9cb6..802e2e4485 100644 --- a/1pe/03/03.md +++ b/1pe/03/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Peter has just instructed the wives to submit to their own husbands. +# Connecting Statement: -## Let it not be done ## +Peter continues speaking to women who are wives. -The word "it" refers to the wives' honoring their husbands. +# Let it be done -## instead the inner person ## +The word "it" refers to the wives' submission to and conduct towards their husbands. -"instead let it be done with the inner person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the inner person of the heart + +Here the words "inner person" and "heart" refer to the inward character and personality of a person. AT: "what you really are on the inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a gentle and quiet spirit + +"a gentle and peaceful attitude." Here the word "quiet" means "peaceful" or "calm." The word "spirit" refers to a person's attitude or temperament. + +# which is precious before God + +Peter speaks of God's opinion of a person as if that person were standing directly in front of him. AT: "which God considers to be precious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/05.md b/1pe/03/05.md index 2baa2f8f24..ab72dbb547 100644 --- a/1pe/03/05.md +++ b/1pe/03/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Peter has just instructed the wives to show their gentle and quiet spirits. +# called him her lord -## You are now her children ## +said that he was her lord, that is, her master -The word "you" refers to the wives or women spoken of in [1 Peter 3:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +# You are now her children + +Peter says that believing women who act as Sarah acted can be thought of as if they were her actual children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/07.md b/1pe/03/07.md index 3496a52624..9fb809ab52 100644 --- a/1pe/03/07.md +++ b/1pe/03/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Peter has just instructed the wives to honor their husbands. +# General Information: -## In the same way ## +Peter begins to speak specifically to men who are husbands. -" just as your wives should respect you" +# In the same way -## Do this ## +This refers back to how Sarah and other godly women obeyed their husbands in [1 Peter 3:5-6](./05.md). -"This" refers to the behavior commanded for husbands in this verse. \ No newline at end of file +# wives according to understanding, as with a weaker container, a woman + +Peter speaks of women as if they were containers, as men are sometimes also spoken of. The abstract noun "understanding" can also be translated as a verb. AT: "wives, understanding that the woman is the weaker partner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# give them honor as fellow heirs of the gift of life + +You can translate this using verbal phrases. AT: "honor them because they will also receive the eternal life that God gives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# heirs of the gift of life + +Eternal life is often spoken of as if it were something that people inherit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do this + +Here "this" refers to the ways husbands should treat their wives. AT: "Live with your wives in this way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that your prayers will not be hindered + +To "hinder" is to prevent something from happening. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that nothing will hinder your prayers" or "so that nothing will keep you from praying as you should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/08.md b/1pe/03/08.md index c8b6c27d5d..671114d648 100644 --- a/1pe/03/08.md +++ b/1pe/03/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Peter has just instructed husbands and wives on how to treat each other so that their prayers will not be hindered. +# General Information: -## all of you ## +Peter begins to speak again to all of the believers. -The previous three sections addressed slaves, wives, and husbands. This section addresses all these groups plus all other believers. +# be likeminded -## insult ## +"have the same opinion and be" or "have the same attitude and be" -Rude words or actions. +# tenderhearted -## on the contrary ## +This refers to having an intense affection for other people. -"in the opposite way" +# Do not pay back evil for evil or insult for insult -## you were called ## +Peter speaks of responding to the actions of another person as remitting payment for those actions. AT: "Do not do evil to someone who does evil to you or insult someone who insults you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"God called you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# continue to bless -## that you might inherit a blessing ## +You can clarify the object of blessing. AT: "continue to bless those who do evil to you or insult you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"so that God will bless you" \ No newline at end of file +# for this you were called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God called you for this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that you might inherit a blessing + +Peter speaks of receiving God's blessing as receiving an inheritance. AT: "that you might receive God's blessing as your permanent possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/10.md b/1pe/03/10.md index 82253685d9..f1510a8618 100644 --- a/1pe/03/10.md +++ b/1pe/03/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Peter has just instructed all believers on how to treat each other. +# General Information: -## should stop his tongue from evil and his lips from speaking deceit. ## +In these verses Peter quotes from the Psalms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"stop speaking evil and lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# to love life and see good days -## the face of the Lord is against ## +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the desire to have a good life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"the Lord opposes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# see good days + +Here experiencing good things is spoken of as seeing good things. The word "days" refers to one's lifetime. AT: "experience good things during life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# stop his tongue from evil and his lips from speaking deceit + +The words "tongue" and "lips" refer to the person who is speaking. These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the command not to lie. AT: "stop saying evil and deceitful things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The eyes of the Lord see the righteous + +The word "eyes" refers to the Lord's ability to know things. The Lord's approval of the righteous is spoken of as his seeing them. AT: "The Lord sees the righteous" or "The Lord approves of the righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his ears hear their requests + +The word "ears" refers to the Lord's awareness of what people say. That the Lord hears their requests implies that he also responds to them. AT: "he hears their requests" or "he grants their requests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the face of the Lord is against + +The word "face" refers to the Lord's will to oppose his enemies. Opposing someone is spoken of as setting one's face against that person. AT: "the Lord opposes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/13.md b/1pe/03/13.md index 5748cd741a..f058dd2e54 100644 --- a/1pe/03/13.md +++ b/1pe/03/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Peter has been instructing believers on how to live. +# Connecting Statement: -## Who is he who will harm you, if you desire what is good? ## +Peter continues teaching the believers how to live Christian lives. -The word "you" refers to believers. AT: "No one will harm you if you do good things." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Who is the one who will harm you if you are eager to do what is good? -## Do not fear what they fear. Do not be troubled. ## +Peter asks this question to emphasize that it is unlikely that someone would harm them if they do good things. AT: "No one will harm you if you do good things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that believers should not be afraid of those who persecute them. AT: "Do not be afraid of what people might do to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# suffer because of righteousness + +You can translate this with a verbal phrase. AT: "suffer because you do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you are blessed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Do not fear what they fear. Do not be troubled + +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that believers should not be afraid of those who persecute them. AT: "Do not be afraid of what people might do to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# what they fear + +Here the word "they" refers to anyone who might try to harm those to whom Peter is writing. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/15.md b/1pe/03/15.md index fcc8dbefdc..61498c415f 100644 --- a/1pe/03/15.md +++ b/1pe/03/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Peter has been instructing believers to live righteously and not fear those that persecute them. +# Instead -## Instead, set apart the Lord Christ as precious in your hear ## +"Instead of being afraid and troubled" -"Respect Christ deeply and willingly obey him."" here marks what the believer should do other than those things which have been previously listed in [1 Peter 3:15](./15.md) +# set apart the Lord Christ in your hearts as holy -## precious ## +The phrase "set apart the Lord Christ ... as holy" means to acknowledge Christ's holiness. This action is referred to as if it were putting something in a place of honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"holy," "greatly valued," or "treasured" \ No newline at end of file +# in your hearts + +Here a person's inner being and center of emotions is referred to as the "heart." AT: "with all your will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/18.md b/1pe/03/18.md index 2a63c168a2..33161bbe97 100644 --- a/1pe/03/18.md +++ b/1pe/03/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,43 @@ -Peter has been instructing believers to live righteously and not fear those that persecute them. +# Connecting Statement: -## suffered for us ## +Peter explains how Christ suffered and what Christ accomplished by suffering. -The word "us" includes the speaker, Peter and the audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +# suffered for us -## In the spirit, he went and preached to the spirits who are now in prison ## +The word "us" refers to Peter and the audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -After Christ was killed he went to the place of the dead and preached to the spirits. \ No newline at end of file +# so that he would bring us to God + +Peter probably means here that Christ died in order to create a close relationship between us and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He was put to death in the flesh + +Here "flesh" refers to Christ's body; Christ was physically put to death. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People put Christ to death physically" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he was made alive by the Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Spirit made him alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the Spirit + +Possible meanings are 1) by the Holy Spirit's power or 2) in a spiritual existence. + +# By the Spirit, he went + +Possible meanings are 1) "By the Holy Spirit's power, he went" or 2) "In his spiritual existence, he went." + +# the spirits who are now in prison + +Possible meanings of the word "spirits" are 1) "evil spirits" or 2) "spirits of the dead people." + +# when the patience of God was waiting + +The word "patience" is a metonym for God himself. Peter writes of God's patience as if it is a person. AT: "when God was waiting patiently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the days of Noah, in the days of the building of an ark + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "during the time of Noah, when he was building an ark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# eight souls + +Here the word "souls" refers to people. AT: "eight people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/21.md b/1pe/03/21.md index f7d23c4902..e142adb74e 100644 --- a/1pe/03/21.md +++ b/1pe/03/21.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Peter has been talking to the believers about Christ's suffering and death and Christ's preaching to those who had already died. +# This is a symbol of the baptism that saves you now -## that saves you ## +Peter says that baptism corresponds to the way in which God saved Noah and his family in the ark from the flood. -The word "you" refers to the believers as well as Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the baptism that saves you now + +Baptism is the means by which God saves people. AT: "the baptism by which God saves you now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the appeal of a good conscience to God + +Possible meanings are 1) "the appeal of a person to God to give him a good conscience" or 2) "the pledge of a person to God made with a good conscience, that is, sincerely." + +# through the resurrection of Jesus Christ + +"because of the resurrection of Jesus Christ." This phrase completes the thought, "This is a symbol of the baptism that saves you now." + +# submit to him + +"submit to Jesus Christ" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/03/intro.md b/1pe/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9ffb8d7b17 --- /dev/null +++ b/1pe/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# 1 Peter 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:10-12, which is a reference to the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Outward ornaments" ##### +These were signs of a beautiful woman in ancient Israel. They are contrasted with "inner" beauty or godly character. Many cultures have different standards of external beauty for women. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +##### Unity ##### +The apostles placed a great value on unity in the local church. This chapter encourages unity and peace in the church. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Synecdoche ##### +In the referenced verses, the psalmist uses several synecdoches to describe God. This is because God is indescribable and often requires images and other figures of speech for us to understand him. It is also common in poetry to use different figures of speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Wives, submit to your husbands ##### + +Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in light of its historical and cultural context. Some scholars have the belief that men and women are perfectly equal in all things (known as egalitarianism). Other scholars have the belief that men and women were created to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church (known as complementarianism). How one understands this issue will likely affect how this passage is translated. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Peter 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/04/01.md b/1pe/04/01.md index 4fb350bb92..7886d31044 100644 --- a/1pe/04/01.md +++ b/1pe/04/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Peter has been talking about Christ's resurrection to heaven and his authority and power. +# Connecting Statement: -## Therefore ## +Peter continues to teach the believers about Christian living. He begins by giving a conclusion to his thoughts from the previous chapter about Christ's sufferings. -This word marks the conclusion of Peter's thoughts to his audience. +# in the flesh -## arm yourselves with the same intention ## +"in his body" -"you also be willing to suffer" +# arm yourselves with the same intention -## yourselves ## +The phrase "arm yourselves" makes readers think of soldiers who get their weapons ready for battle. It also pictures "the same intention" as a weapon or perhaps as a piece of armor. Here this metaphor means that believers should be determined in their mind to suffer as Jesus did. AT: "prepare yourselves with the same thoughts that Christ had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This refers to the believers in chapter one. +# in the flesh -## whoever ## +Here "flesh" means "body." AT: "in his body" or "while here on earth" -"any person who" \ No newline at end of file +# has ceased from sin + +"has stopped sinning" + +# for men's desires + +for the things that sinful people normally desire \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/04/03.md b/1pe/04/03.md index 2e2cdb6618..95b9e3a4e2 100644 --- a/1pe/04/03.md +++ b/1pe/04/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,39 @@ -Peter has just told the believers of the value to themselves of their suffering for Christ. +# drunken celebrations, having wild parties -## sensuality, passion, drunkenness, carousings, wild parties, and in abominable idolatries ## +These terms refer to activities in which people gather to drink alcohol excessively and behave in a shameful manner. -"sexual sins, evil desires, drunkenness, wild and drunken parties, and idol worship that God hates" +# floods of dissipation -## the gospel was preached ## +These examples of wild, boundless sin are spoken of as if they were great floods of water that sweep over people. -"Christ preached the good news" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# dissipation + +limitless indulgence of bodily desires + +# the one who is ready to judge + +Possible meanings are 1) "God, who is ready to judge" or 2) "Christ, who is ready to judge" + +# the living and the dead + +This means all people, whether they are still alive or have died. AT: "every person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the gospel was preached also to the dead + +Possible meanings are 1) "the gospel was preached also to people who had already died" or 2) "the gospel was preached also to those who were alive but are now dead" + +# the gospel was preached + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Christ preached. AT: "Christ preached the gospel" or 2) men preached. AT: "men preached the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they have been judged in the flesh as humans + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) God judged them in this life on earth. AT: "God judged them in their bodies as humans" or 2) men judged them according to human standards. AT: "men judged them in their bodies as humans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# judged in the flesh as humans + +This is a reference to death as the ultimate form of judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# live as God in the spirit + +Possible meanings are 1) "live spiritually as God lives because the Holy Spirit will enable them to do so" or 2) "live according to God's standards by the power of the Holy Spirit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/04/07.md b/1pe/04/07.md index e2acd11ed5..0b9ee1ff0b 100644 --- a/1pe/04/07.md +++ b/1pe/04/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## The end of all things is coming ## +# The end of all things -"Soon God will change everything on earth." +This refers to the end of the world at Christ's second coming. -## be of sound mind, and be sober in your thinking ## +# is coming -These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Peter uses them to emphasize the need to think clearly about life since the end is near. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The end that will happen soon is spoken of as if it is physically coming closer in distance. AT: "will soon happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your thinking ## +# be of sound mind, and be sober in your thinking -The word "your" refers to all believers \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Peter uses them to emphasize the need to think clearly about life since the end of the world is near. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# be sober in your thinking + +Here the word "sober" refers to mental clarity and alertness. See how you translated this in [1 Peter 1:13](../01/13.md). AT: "control your thoughts" or "be careful about what you think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Above all things + +"Most importantly of all" + +# for love covers a multitude of sins + +Peter describes "love" as if it were a person who places a cover over the sins of others. Possible meanings are 1) "for a person who loves will not try to find out if another person has sinned" or 2) "for a person who loves will forgive the sins of other people, even if those sins are many" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Be hospitable + +Show kindness to and welcome guests and travelers \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/04/10.md b/1pe/04/10.md index 0c615622d5..adbe7f1ed4 100644 --- a/1pe/04/10.md +++ b/1pe/04/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## As each one of you has received a gift ## +# As each one of you has received a gift -"God has given each of you a special ability" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to special spiritual abilities that God gives to believers. AT: "Because each one of you has received a special spiritual ability as a gift from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that in all ways God would be glorified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that in all ways you will glorify God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# glorified + +praised, honored \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/04/12.md b/1pe/04/12.md index 5ff16111d4..1fbbbd3e2d 100644 --- a/1pe/04/12.md +++ b/1pe/04/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## But as much as you experience the sufferings of Christ, rejoice ## +# the testing in the fire that has happened to you -"rejoice that you are suffering the same kinds of things that Christ endured" UDB) \ No newline at end of file +In the same way that fire refines gold, trials test and refine a person's faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rejoice and be glad + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. AT: "rejoice even more" or "be very glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# at the revealing of his glory + +"when God reveals Christ's glory" + +# If you are insulted for Christ's name + +Here the word "name" refers to Christ himself. This can be stated in active form. AT: "If people insult you because you believe in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Spirit of glory and the Spirit of God + +Both of these refer to the Holy Spirit. AT: "the Spirit of glory, who is the Spirit of God" or "the glorious Spirit of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# is resting on you + +is staying with you \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/04/15.md b/1pe/04/15.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5f7c7dc986 --- /dev/null +++ b/1pe/04/15.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# a meddler + +This refers to a person who gets involved with the affairs of others without having a right to do so. + +# with that name + +"because he bears the name Christian" or "because people have recognized him as a Christian." The words "that name" refer to the word "Christian." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/04/17.md b/1pe/04/17.md index e3546884ee..7d136258fa 100644 --- a/1pe/04/17.md +++ b/1pe/04/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## household of God ## +# household of God -This phrase refers to believers, those who follow Yahweh through Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This phrase refers to believers, whom Peter speaks of as God's family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## And if it begins with us, what will be the outcome for those who do not obey God's gospel? ## +# If it begins with us, what will be the outcome for those who do not obey God's gospel? -"Since he will judge us believers first, think about the terrible things that will happen to those who do not obey the good news that comes from him!" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Peter use this question to emphasize that God's judgment will be more severe for people who reject the gospel than for believers. AT: "If it begins with us, the outcome for those who do not obey God's gospel will be much worse." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# those who do not obey God's gospel + +"those who do not believe God's gospel." Here the word "obey" means to believe. + +# the righteous man ... how will the ungodly person and the sinner appear? + +Peter use this question to emphasize that sinners will suffer much more than believers do. AT: "the righteous man ... the outcome will be much worse for those who do not obey God's gospel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the righteous man is scarcely saved + +Here the word "saved" refers to final salvation when Christ returns. The word "scarcely" refers to the difficulties associated with his salvation. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the righteous man experiences many difficulties before God saves him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the ungodly person and the sinner + +The words "ungodly person" and "sinner" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the wickedness of these people. AT: "ungodly sinners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# entrust their souls + +Here the word "souls" refers to the whole person. AT: "entrust themselves" or "entrust their lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in well-doing + +The abstract noun "well-doing" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "while they do good" or "while they live rightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/04/intro.md b/1pe/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e3b7334fc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1pe/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# 1 Peter 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:18, which is a reference to the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ungodly Gentiles ##### + +This passage uses the term "Gentiles" to refer to all ungodly people who are not Jews. It does not include Gentiles who have become Christians. "Sensuality, passion, drunkenness, carousings, wild parties, and disgusting acts of idolatry" were actions that characterized or typified the ungodly Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]) + +##### Martyrdom ##### +It is apparent that Peter is speaking to many Christians who are experiencing great persecution and are facing death for their beliefs. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Has ceased from sin" ##### +This does not mean that anyone has stopped sinning. This would contradict other passages of Scripture. The UDB clarifies the meaning of this phrase. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Peter 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/05/01.md b/1pe/05/01.md index 61d6aead04..3c1151429b 100644 --- a/1pe/05/01.md +++ b/1pe/05/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -Peter has just encouraged the believers under persecution. +# General Information: -## elders among you ## +Peter speaks specifically to men who are elders. -The word "you" refers to the believers in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +# a participant in -## Therefore ## +"one who shares in" or "one who takes part in" -"for this reason" +# the glory that will be revealed -## the flock of God ## +This is a reference to Christ's second coming. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the glory of Christ that God will reveal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This compares the church to a group of sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# tend the flock of God -## Look after ## +Peter speaks of the believers as a flock of sheep and the elders as the shepherds who care for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"care for" or "tend" +# Look after them -## Do not act as a master ## +"Care for them" -"Do not act like an important boss" \ No newline at end of file +# Do not act as a master over the people ... Instead, be an example + +Elders are to lead by example and not act toward the people as a harsh master would toward his servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who are in your care + +You can translate this using a verbal phrase. AT: "whom God has placed in your care" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Then when the Chief Shepherd is revealed + +Peter speaks of Jesus as if he were a shepherd who had authority over all other shepherds. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When Jesus, the Chief Shepherd, appears" or "When God reveals Jesus, the Chief Shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# an unfading crown of glory + +Here the word "crown" represents the reward that someone receives as a symbol of victory. The word "unfading" means that it is eternal. AT: "a glorious prize that will last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# of glory + +glorious \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/05/05.md b/1pe/05/05.md index 3c70ddf524..40e5cd69ec 100644 --- a/1pe/05/05.md +++ b/1pe/05/05.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -Peter has just told the leaders in the church how to live. +# General Information: -## all of you ## +Peter gives an instruction specifically to younger men and then continues to instruct all of the believers. + +# In the same way + +This refers back to the way the elders submitted to the Chief Shepherd in [1 Peter 5:1-4](./01.md). + +# All of you This refers to all believers, not just the younger men. -## gird yourselves with humility ## +# clothe yourselves with humility -"should act humbly toward each other" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Peter speaks of having the moral quality of humility as putting on a piece of clothing. AT: "act humbly toward each other" or "act with humility" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## under God's mighty hand ## +# under God's mighty hand -"under God's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the word "hand" refers to God's power to save the humble and punish the proud. AT: "under God's great power" or "before God, realizing that he has great power," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## cast ## +# Cast all your anxiety on him -"let him take care of" (UDB) - -## your anxiety ## - -"your worry" or "your trouble" or "your distractions" - -## he cares for you ## - -"he is concerned about you" \ No newline at end of file +Peter speaks of anxiety as if it were a heavy burden that a person places on God, rather than carrying it himself. AT: "Trust him with everything that worries you" or "Let him take care of all the things that trouble you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/05/08.md b/1pe/05/08.md index 14a9b9f873..c7efe67a19 100644 --- a/1pe/05/08.md +++ b/1pe/05/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Peter has just told the young men and then all believers in the church how to live. +# Be sober -## like a roaring lion ## +Here the word "sober" refers to mental clarity and alertness. See how you translated this in [1 Peter 1:13](../01/13.md). AT: "Control your thoughts" or "Be careful about what you think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -The devil is compared to a lion because he is trying to destroy people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# the devil, is stalking around like a roaring lion ... looking for someone to devour -## stalking around ## +Peter compares the devil to a roaring lion. Just as a hungry lion completely devours its prey, the devil is seeking to completely destroy the faith of believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# stalking around "walking about" or "walking about and hunting" -## Stand against him ## +# Stand against him -"Resist him" +Standing is a metonym for fighting. AT: "Fight against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in the world ## +# your community + +Peter speaks of fellow believers as members of the same community. AT: "your fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the world "in various places throughout the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/05/10.md b/1pe/05/10.md index a1f1d1894c..b569ed517f 100644 --- a/1pe/05/10.md +++ b/1pe/05/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Peter has just told the believers to resist the devil and be strong. +# General Information: -## for a little while ## +This is the end of Peter's letter. Here he gives his final remarks about his letter and his closing greetings. + +# for a little while "for a short time" -## God of all grace ## +# the God of all grace -"God who is completely kind" +Here the word "grace" may refer either to the things that God gives or to God's character. Possible meanings are 1) "the God who always gives us what we need" or 2) "the God who is always gracious." -## who called you to his eternal glory in Christ ## +# who called you to his eternal glory in Christ -"who chose us to share his eternal glory in heaven because we are joined to Christ" (UDB) +"who chose you to share his eternal glory in heaven because you are joined to Christ" -## perfect you ## +# perfect you -"restore you" +"make you perfect" or "restore you" or "make you well again" -## establish you ## +# establish you, and strengthen you -"set you securely" \ No newline at end of file +These two expressions have similar meanings, that is, that God will enable the believers to trust in him and to obey him regardless of any suffering they may experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/05/12.md b/1pe/05/12.md index ac047ab062..431a23ff08 100644 --- a/1pe/05/12.md +++ b/1pe/05/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Silvanus ## +# I have written to you briefly through him -(See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Silvanus wrote the words that Peter told him to write in the letter. -## exhort ## +# what I have written is the true grace of God -"warn," "advise," or "beg" +"I have written about the true grace of God." Here the word "grace" refers to the gospel message, which tells of the kind things that God has done for believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## what I have written is the true grace of God ## +# Stand in it -"what I have written is a true message about the things that God kindly does for us" (UDB) +The word "it" refers to "the true grace of God." Being strongly committed to this grace is spoken of as standing firmly in one place, refusing to move. AT: "Remain strongly committed to it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Stand in it ## +# The woman who is in Babylon -"Continue to firmly believe this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The word "it" refers to the grace of God. +Here "The woman" probably refers to the group of believers who live in "Babylon." Possible meanings for "Babylon" are 1) it is a symbol for the city of Rome, 2) it is a symbol for anywhere that Christians are suffering, or 3) it refers literally to the city of Babylon. It most likely refers to the city of Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## She who is in Babylon ## +# who is chosen together with you -Babylon is a code word for Rome. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God has chosen as he has chosen you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Greet one another with a kiss ## +# my son -"Welcome and love one another" \ No newline at end of file +Peter speaks of Mark as if he is his spiritual son. AT: "my spiritual son" or "who is like a son to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a kiss of love + +"a loving kiss" or "a kiss to show your love for each other" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/05/intro.md b/1pe/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cb5646f620 --- /dev/null +++ b/1pe/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# 1 Peter 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Verses [1 Peter 12-14](./12.md) form the closing salutation of the letter. This was typical for a letter in the ancient Near East. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Elders ##### +There is some disagreement over the titles used for church leaders. Some of these titles are overseer, elder, pastor, deacons and bishop. + +##### Crowns ##### +Crowns are a significant image used in Scripture. There are several Greek words translated as "crowns" in English. The crown referenced here is a type of reward. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Lion ##### +God is pictured as a lion in Scripture. Jesus is the lion of the tribe of Judah. In this chapter, Satan is described as "like a roaring lion." Its meaning is that Satan seeks to destroy the testimony or witness of Christians, but it is possible that this phrase is used because he is an imitator of God. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Babylon ##### +Babylon was the epitome of evil. Babylon is often a metaphor for an evil place or an evil people. In this chapter, it is probably a reference to Rome. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Peter 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/front/intro.md b/1pe/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0b62b4101d --- /dev/null +++ b/1pe/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +# Introduction to 1 Peter # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of 1 Peter #### + +1. Introduction (1:1-2) +1. Praise for God's salvation of the believers (1:3-2:10) +1. Christian living (2:11-4:11) +1. Encouragement to persevere when suffering (4:12-5:11) +1. Closing (5:12-14) + + +#### What is the Book of 1 Peter about? #### + +Peter states that he wrote this letter for the purpose of "encouraging you and testifying that this is the true grace of God" (5:12). +He encourages Christians to persevere when there is suffering because the second coming of Christ is near. Peter also gives instructions about Christian relationships within one's family and with governmental authorities. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title "1 Peter" or "First Peter." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The First Letter from Peter" or "The First Letter Peter Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of 1 Peter? #### + +The Book of 1 Peter was written by the Apostle Peter. Peter begins his letter by saying who he is and to whom he is writing. He addresses the letter to all Christians. He refers several times to his readers as "strangers" because they are scattered in different countries. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### How were Christians treated in Rome? #### + +This letter was probably written from Rome. It appears that when Peter wrote this letter, Christians were being badly persecuted. When Peter speaks of the church that is in Babylon (5:13), he may have been referring to Rome. Or perhaps he was referring to Christians everywhere "in exile," that is, living in this world, away from the full reality of the kingdom of God where they would be in perfect peace. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Singular and plural "you" #### +In this book, the word "I" refers to Peter, except for two places: [1 Peter 1:16](../01/15.md) and [1 Peter 2:6](../02/06.md). The word "you" is always plural and refers to the believers in the Dispersion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Peter? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of 1 Peter: + +* "You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth for the purpose of sincere brotherly love, so love one another earnestly from the heart" (1:22). The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions have, "You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth through the Spirit for the purpose of sincere brotherly love, so love one another earnestly from the heart." + +Translators are advised not to translate the expression "through the Spirit." However, if older Bible versions that exist in their region have it, it is not wrong to translate it. If it is translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is probably not original to the Book of 1 Peter. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/01.md b/1sa/01/01.md index 1a7965fac8..fe1f86d0d2 100644 --- a/1sa/01/01.md +++ b/1sa/01/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Ramathaim Zophim ## +# Ramathaim -This is the name of a small village possibly located 8 km north-west of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a small village possibly located eight kilometers northwest of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Elkanah...Jeroham...Elihu...Tohu...Zuph ## +# the Zuphites + +This is the name of a people group that descended from Zuph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Elkanah ... Jeroham ... Elihu ... Tohu ... Zuph These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Peninnah ## +# Peninnah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/03.md b/1sa/01/03.md index 1b65262354..15aca60310 100644 --- a/1sa/01/03.md +++ b/1sa/01/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## This man ## +# This man "This man" refers to Elkanah. -## Eli, Hophni, and Phinehas ## +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# Eli, Hophni and Phinehas These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/05.md b/1sa/01/05.md index c4354154f5..8c6af1fecc 100644 --- a/1sa/01/05.md +++ b/1sa/01/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Hannah ## +# Hannah -This is a female name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a woman's name. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## provoked her severely ## +# closed her womb -This wife would regularly grieve and or shame Hannah regularly. +"made her barren" or "prevented her from becoming pregnant" -## closed her womb. ## +# Her rival provoked her severely -"made her barren" or "prevented her from becoming pregnant." \ No newline at end of file +The other wife would often grieve and shame Hannah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/07.md b/1sa/01/07.md index 01900d2289..0afe8ff264 100644 --- a/1sa/01/07.md +++ b/1sa/01/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## her rival ## +# her rival -This is Peninnah, the other wife of Elkanah. +This is Peninnah, the other wife of Elkanah. A rival is someone who competes against another person. In this case Peninnah was competing against Hannah to try to get Elkanah to love her best. -## Hannah, why do you weep? Why do you not eat? Why is your heart sad? Am I not better to you than ten sons? ## +# Hannah, why do you weep? Why do you not eat? Why is your heart sad? Am I not better to you than ten sons? -Elkanah knows the answers to these four questions, but asks them to make the point that she is his favored wife. AT: "You have little reason for sadness I favor you and that should be enough." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements, if necessary. AT: "Hannah, you should not weep. You should eat, and your heart should be glad because I am better to you than ten sons!" or "You have little reason for sadness. I favor you and that should be enough." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# than ten sons + +Elkanah is exaggerating to emphasize how important Hannah is to him. AT: "than any son could be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/09.md b/1sa/01/09.md index b3b5a7d0cd..234c5d44fb 100644 --- a/1sa/01/09.md +++ b/1sa/01/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Hannah begins to pray to Yahweh and Eli watches. +# General Information: -## Hannah rose up after ## +Hannah begins to pray to Yahweh, and Eli watches. -"Hannah rose up and went to the house of Yahweh to pray after" It is implied that either Hannah's tent was next to the tabernacle tent or she walked from her tent to the tabernacle to pray. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# Hannah rose up after -## Now Eli the priest ## +Implicit information here can be made explicit. Either Hannah's tent was next to the tabernacle tent or she walked from her tent to the tabernacle to pray. AT: "Hannah rose up and went to the house of Yahweh to pray after" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -This word "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells about a new person in the story. This person is the priest Eli. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Now Eli the priest -## She was deeply distressed ## +"Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells about a new person in the story. This person is the priest Eli. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -Hannah was deeply troubled or grieving because of not having any children and being ridiculed regularly by Peninnah her husband's other wife. (See: Explicit and Implicit) \ No newline at end of file +# the temple of Yahweh + +The "temple" was actually a tent, but it was where the people worshiped, so it is best to translate as "temple" here. + +# She was deeply distressed + +Hannah was deeply troubled or grieved because of not having any children and being ridiculed regularly by Peninnah, her husband's other wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/11.md b/1sa/01/11.md index a007b434aa..47c60fafaa 100644 --- a/1sa/01/11.md +++ b/1sa/01/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Hannah's prayer to Yahweh continues +# Connecting Statement: -## affliction of your servant ## +Hannah's prayer to Yahweh continues. -This refers to Hannah being unable to become pregnant. +# the affliction of your servant -## call me to mind ## +The abstract noun "affliction" can be translated as a verb phrase. This refers either to 1) Hannah being unable to become pregnant. AT: "how I am suffering because I cannot become pregnant" or 2) the way Peninnah always insulted her. AT: "how that woman is afflicting me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -This is a special plea to God to take action on Hannah's behalf. Not to be mistaken with God not knowing or being aware of Hannah's situation. +# call me to mind -## do not forget your servant ## +This is a special plea to God to take action on Hannah's behalf. God does know what is happening to Hannah; he has not forgotten. -Hannah is repeating her plea for God not to ignore her request but to intervene in her life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# do not forget your servant + +This phrase says almost the same thing as "call me to mind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/12.md b/1sa/01/12.md index 1bdde1b9f1..a255838890 100644 --- a/1sa/01/12.md +++ b/1sa/01/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Eli saw her ## +# Eli watched her -Eli was the chief priest in charge of the tabernacle of God. \ No newline at end of file +Eli was the chief priest, so he was in the tabernacle of God and in charge of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/15.md b/1sa/01/15.md index 75e470f06a..d0d498e7aa 100644 --- a/1sa/01/15.md +++ b/1sa/01/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## I am a woman of sorrowful spirit ## +# I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit -AT: "I am a woman who is deeply sad." +"I am a woman who is deeply sad" -## pouring out my soul before Yahweh ## +# pouring out my soul before Yahweh -AT: "telling Yahweh my deepest emotions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom that means "telling Yahweh my deepest emotions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I have been speaking out of the abundance of my great concern and provocation ## +# Do not consider your servant to be -This is another way of saying that she has a "sorrowful spirit" in 1:15. +Hannah speaks of herself in the second person to show her humility. It can be stated in first person. AT: "Do not consider me, your servant, to be" or "Do not consider me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## provocation ## +# I have been speaking out of the abundance of my great concern and provocation -Hannah was referring to all the grief and shame she has had to endure from her husband's other wife. \ No newline at end of file +This is another way of saying that she has a "sorrowful spirit," as in 1:15. The abstract nouns "abundance," "concern," and "provocation" can be translated as adjectives and verbs. AT: "I have been speaking because I am very sad, and my rival has greatly provoked me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# concern and provocation + +These words both mean that Hannah is sad and annoyed because her rival has been provoking her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# concern + +Peninnah irritates and annoys her. + +# provocation + +Hannah is referring to the grief and shame she feels because Peninnah is being cruel to her. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/17.md b/1sa/01/17.md index 3f10a4db30..d914055ac0 100644 --- a/1sa/01/17.md +++ b/1sa/01/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Then Eli answered ## +# Then Eli answered Eli was the head priest residing over the tabernacle. -## your servant ## +# Let your servant find -This was an expression of Hannah's respect for Eli being the head priest. +Hannah speaks of herself in the second person to show respect for Eli, the head priest. This can be stated in the first person. AT: "Let me, your servant, find" or "Let me find" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## her face ## +# find favor in your eyes -AT: "She" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "find favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. Here the eyes are a metonym for sight, and seeing represents judging or deciding the value of something. AT: "evaluated me and approve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# ate; her face was + +Here "her face" represents Hannah herself. You can make this a separate sentence, if needed. AT: "ate. She was" or "ate. People could see that she was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/19.md b/1sa/01/19.md index 5976d2512e..b084156cce 100644 --- a/1sa/01/19.md +++ b/1sa/01/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Hannah conceived ## +# called her to mind -Hannah became pregnant. \ No newline at end of file +God knew what was happening to Hannah; he had not forgotten. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 1:11](./11.md). + +# Hannah conceived + +"Hannah became pregnant" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/21.md b/1sa/01/21.md index 52856a7f4f..e2d0ce2894 100644 --- a/1sa/01/21.md +++ b/1sa/01/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## weaned ## +# his house -This is when the baby is able to eat food other than the mother's milk. +The word "house" is a metonym for the people who lived in the house. AT: "his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## nursed ## +# is weaned -This is feeding the baby with the mother's milk. +stops drinking milk and starts eating only solid food -## he may appear before Yahweh and live there forever ## +# he may appear before Yahweh and live there forever -Hannah had promised God that she would allow him to live and work with Eli the priest in the temple. \ No newline at end of file +Hannah had promised God that she would allow Samuel to live and work with Eli the priest in the temple ([1 Samuel 1:11](./11.md)). + +# nursed her son + +"gave her son milk" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/24.md b/1sa/01/24.md index 178799739b..42059b96c1 100644 --- a/1sa/01/24.md +++ b/1sa/01/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## ephah ## +# ephah -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +An ephah is about 22 liters of dry material. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# bottle + +Wine was kept in animal skins, not glass bottles. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/26.md b/1sa/01/26.md index 0afcf862d3..856e0386fc 100644 --- a/1sa/01/26.md +++ b/1sa/01/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## \v 26 She said, "Oh, my master! As you live, my master ## +# Oh, my master! As you live, my master -AT: "Sir, what I am going to tell you is certainly true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the idiom "As you live" shows that Hannah is being sincere and truthful. AT: "Sir, what I am going to tell you is certainly true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## my petition ## +# has given me my petition which I asked of him -AT: "my deeply desired prayer" \ No newline at end of file +The noun "petition" refers to a formal request for another person to do something. It can be translated with a verb. The idiom "to give a petition" means to do what the person requests. AT: "has agreed to do what I solemnly requested that he do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he is lent to Yahweh + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I am loaning him to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he worshiped Yahweh + +Possible meanings: 1) "He" refers to Elkanah or 2) "he" is a synecdoche referring to both Elkanah and his family. AT: "Elkanah and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/intro.md b/1sa/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3093a50a5f --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# 1 Samuel 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter introduces Samuel. It is the beginning of the section 1 Samuel 1-7 which tells about Samuel, the religious leader of Israel. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Two wives ##### +This was a common practice in the ancient Near East. It was against the law of Moses. The men of Israel would have sinned if they married more than one woman. This type of marriage always creates problems because of jealousy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]]) + +##### "Pay his vow" ##### +It was customary for Israelites to promise God to make a sacrifice to him if God answered special prayers. Making such a sacrifice was called paying one's vow. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idioms ##### + +When Hannah wanted to assure Eli she was telling the truth, she used the idiom "as you live." This is a type of oath formula meaning "I promise you I am telling the truth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +The author also uses the phrase "call to mind." This is a common idiom meaning "remember." + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 1:1](./01.md)__ +* __[1 Samuel intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/01.md b/1sa/02/01.md index 4b87a0ed4d..0d680161c6 100644 --- a/1sa/02/01.md +++ b/1sa/02/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## My heart exults in Yahweh; my horn is exalted in Yahweh ## +# General Information: -She is saying the same thought in two ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Hannah recites a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## horn ## +# My heart exults -This is another way of saying strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I have great joy" + +# in Yahweh + +"because of who Yahweh is" or "because Yahweh is so great" + +# My horn is exalted + +A horn is a symbol of strength. AT: "I am now strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/02.md b/1sa/02/02.md index 25df282527..5d1dba1ed8 100644 --- a/1sa/02/02.md +++ b/1sa/02/02.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Hannah continues praying to Yahweh. +# Connecting Statement: -## There is no rock like our God ## +Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This is another way of saying that God is strong and faithful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# there is no rock like our God + +This is another way of saying that God is strong and faithful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rock + +This is a rock large enough to hide behind or to stand on and so be high above one's enemies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/03.md b/1sa/02/03.md index ca3303fb50..f1fddea7c7 100644 --- a/1sa/02/03.md +++ b/1sa/02/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Hannah continues speaking. Here she speaks as if other people were there listening to her. +# Connecting Statement: -## actions are weighed ## +Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. She speaks as if other people were listening to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -God understands why people act as they do. AT: "he weighs people's actions" or "he evaluates what people do" +# no arrogance -## those who stumble put on strength like a belt ## +"no arrogant words" -They will no longer stumble, but their strength will remain with them as tightly as if it were a belt. AT: "They will no longer stumble but will remain strong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# by him actions are weighed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he weighs people's actions" or "he understands why people act as they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The bow of the mighty men are broken + +Possible meanings are 1) the bows themselves are broken or 2) the men who carry the bows are prevented from acting. AT: "Mighty bowmen are kept from acting" + +# The bow of the mighty men are broken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh breaks the bows of the mighty men" or "Yahweh can make even the strongest of people weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who stumble put on strength like a belt + +This metaphor means they will no longer stumble, but their strength will remain with them as tightly as a belt. AT: "he will make those who stumble strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# put on ... a belt + +This is the general term for putting something around one's waist to prepare for work. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/05.md b/1sa/02/05.md index 733f3fc728..0a22b04c63 100644 --- a/1sa/02/05.md +++ b/1sa/02/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Those who were full...those who were hungry.... ## +# Connecting Statement: -Each of these two sentences is comparing one thought to the opposite thought. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# gives birth to seven + +"gives birth to seven children" + +# languishes + +"becomes weak and sad and lonely" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/06.md b/1sa/02/06.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6cde5ab908 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/02/06.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Yahweh kills ... brings to life ... brings down ... raises up ... makes some people poor ... some rich ... humbles ... lifts up + +Yahweh is in control of everything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/08.md b/1sa/02/08.md index b821881fad..f311fa99ec 100644 --- a/1sa/02/08.md +++ b/1sa/02/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## He raises up the poor out of the dust; he lifts the needy from the dunghill ## +# Connecting Statement: -Each of these phrases expresses the same idea in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## out of the dust ## +# out of the dust ... from the ash heap -AT: "from off of the ground." This is another way of saying from poverty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These are metaphors for the lowest position in society. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## from the dunghill ## +# the needy -AT: "from the place where dung is taken outside of the city." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +people who do not have the things that they need \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/09.md b/1sa/02/09.md index f4fb47cb41..4eb0d7325d 100644 --- a/1sa/02/09.md +++ b/1sa/02/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## guard the feet of his faithful people ## +# Connecting Statement: -This refers to God guiding those who love him by using one part of the body, the feet, to refer to the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## put to silence in darkness ## +# guard the feet of his faithful people -This is another way of referring to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "feet" is a metonym for the way a person walks, which in turn is a metaphor for the way a person decides how to live his life. AT: "keep his faithful people from making foolish decisions" or "enable his faithful people to make wise decisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wicked will be put to silence in darkness + +This polite way of saying that Yahweh will kill the wicked can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will put the wicked to silence in darkness" or "Yahweh will put the wicked in the dark and silent world of the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the wicked will be put to silence + +The words "be put to silence" are an idiom for "be made silent." This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will make them silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by strength + +"because he is strong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/10.md b/1sa/02/10.md index 87e8cb0916..a62ed10d0b 100644 --- a/1sa/02/10.md +++ b/1sa/02/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## broken to pieces ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "defeated." See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the ends of the earth ## +# Those who oppose Yahweh will be broken -AT: "the whole earth." See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will break those who oppose him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he will give strength to his king and exalt the horn of his anointed ## +# broken to pieces -This is saying the same thought in two different ways to emphasize that he will certainly do it. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This idiom means "defeated." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## horn ## +# the ends of the earth -This is a musical instrument that is a symbol for strength. \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that means everywhere. AT: "the whole earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# exalt the horn of his anointed + +A horn is a symbol of strength. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 2:1](./01.md). AT: "he will make the leader he has chosen stronger than his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his anointed + +This speaks of the person that Yahweh chose and empowered for his purposes as if Yahweh had anointed the person with oil. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one he has anointed" or "the one he has chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/11.md b/1sa/02/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8091842012..0000000000 --- a/1sa/02/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/12.md b/1sa/02/12.md index 5917268103..f1039a7923 100644 --- a/1sa/02/12.md +++ b/1sa/02/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## did not know ## +# General Information: -They had not entered into a relationship of love with Yahweh as their God. +When people would offer animals as sacrifices, they would first burn the animal's fat and then boil the meat and eat it. -## custom ## +# did not know Yahweh -A custom is an action that people repeatedly do. \ No newline at end of file +"did not listen to Yahweh" or "did not obey Yahweh" + +# custom + +A custom is an action that people regularly do. + +# into the pan, or kettle, or cauldron, or pot + +These are containers in which food could be cooked. If your language does not have separate words for these items it can be stated more generally. AT: "into whatever the people were cooking the meat in" + +# pan + +a small metal container for boiling and cooking + +# kettle + +a large, heavy metal container for boiling and cooking + +# cauldron + +a large, heavy metal container for boiling and cooking + +# pot + +a clay container for cooking \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/15.md b/1sa/02/15.md index 004155a357..4b4b36e20b 100644 --- a/1sa/02/15.md +++ b/1sa/02/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## roast ## +# General Information: -This means to cook over a fire. +When people would offer animals as sacrifices, they would first burn the animal's fat and then boil the meat, give some to the priest, and eat the rest. -## boiled ## +# Worse, before -This means to cook in water. +"They even did something worse than that. Before" -## raw ## +# they burned -AT: "uncooked" +The person who actually did the burning can be made explicit. AT: "the man who was sacrificing took his sacrifice to the priests and the priests burned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## despised Yahweh's offering ## +# Give meat to roast for the priest -Yahweh had commanded that the fat be cut off the meat and burned as an offering before giving the meat to the priest, but the priest's servant kept the fat. \ No newline at end of file +"Give me some meat so I can give it to the priest so he can roast it" + +# roast + +cook over a fire + +# boiled + +cooked in water + +# raw + +not cooked + +# despised Yahweh's offering + +The young men did not like Yahweh's instructions regarding the offering and paid no attention to them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/18.md b/1sa/02/18.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8091842012..0000000000 --- a/1sa/02/18.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/20.md b/1sa/02/20.md index 3e247406b2..1b0498984a 100644 --- a/1sa/02/20.md +++ b/1sa/02/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## because of the request she made of Yahweh ## +# because of the request she made of Yahweh -AT: "because she promised Yahweh that her baby Samuel would serve him in the temple." \ No newline at end of file +Hannah had asked Yahweh for a baby and promised him that she would give the baby to serve in the temple. + +# before Yahweh + +This means where Yahweh could see him and Samuel could learn about Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/22.md b/1sa/02/22.md index ad36d5505f..5d4957647f 100644 --- a/1sa/02/22.md +++ b/1sa/02/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Why do you such things? ## +# Why do you such things? -AT: "It is terrible that you do such things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "It is terrible that you do such things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/25.md b/1sa/02/25.md index 4256228943..9fa306588c 100644 --- a/1sa/02/25.md +++ b/1sa/02/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## who will speak for him? ## +# who will speak for him? -AT: "There is certainly no one who can speak for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "there is certainly no one who can speak for him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the voice of their father ## +# speak for him -AT: "Their father's words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"ask Yahweh to have mercy on him" + +# the voice of their father + +Here the father's "voice" represents the father. AT: "their father" or "what their father said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/27.md b/1sa/02/27.md index 7d55f2f161..86022e0bc6 100644 --- a/1sa/02/27.md +++ b/1sa/02/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## man of God ## +# man of God -This phrase usually means a prophet of Yahweh. +This phrase usually means a prophet of Yahweh. AT: "a man who hears and tells words from God" -## Did I not reveal myself ## +# Did I not reveal myself ... house? -AT: "You should know that I revealed myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should know that I revealed myself ... house." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## to the house of your ancestor ## +# the house of your ancestor -"Ancestor" is usually explained as their forefather, Aaron, who began this family line ("house"). See the UDB. +The word "house" is a metonym for the people who lived in the house. AT: "the family of your ancestor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to go up to my altar, to burn incense ## +# your ancestor -This is an offering to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +Aaron + +# to go up to my altar, and to burn incense + +This refers to making an offering to Yahweh. + +# to wear an ephod before me + +The words "wear an ephod" are a metonym for the work of the priests who wear the ephod. AT: "to do what I had commanded the priests to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/29.md b/1sa/02/29.md index e929775d46..2d5a0ce1ce 100644 --- a/1sa/02/29.md +++ b/1sa/02/29.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Why, then, do you scorn my sacrifices and offerings that I required in the place where I live? ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "You scorn my sacrifices ...!" This question is a rebuke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The man of God continues to speak to Eli. -## the place where I live ## +# Why, then, do you scorn my sacrifices ... live? -AT: "the place where my people bring offerings to me" +This rhetorical question is a rebuke. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not scorn my sacrifices ... where I live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## making yourselves fat with the best of every offering ## +# the place where I live + +"the place where my people bring offerings to me" + +# making yourselves fat with the best of every offering The best part of the offering was to be burned up as an offering to Yahweh, but the priests were eating it. -## the house of your ancestor ## +# the house of your ancestor -See the note in [1 Samuel 2:27](./27.md) and how you translated it there. +The word "house" is a metonym for the people who lived in the house. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 2:27](./27.md). AT: "the family of your ancestor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## walk before me ## +# should walk before me -This does not mean people physically walking in front of Yahweh, but that they would have a close relationship with him under his care. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom that means "live in obedience to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Far be it from me to do this ## +# Far be it from me to do this -AT: "I will certainly not do this!" +"I will certainly not allow your family to serve me forever" -## lightly esteemed ## +# those who despise me will be lightly esteemed -AT: "dishonored" \ No newline at end of file +The words "lightly esteemed" is an ironic euphemism for "greatly despised." This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will lightly esteem those who despise me" or "I will greatly despise those who despise me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/31.md b/1sa/02/31.md index cbc5300247..491413508b 100644 --- a/1sa/02/31.md +++ b/1sa/02/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## cut off your strength ## +# See -This is another way of saying cause the family's health to decline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"Listen carefully to what I am about to say" or "What I am about to say is very important" -## I will cause your eyes to fail, ## +# I will cut off your strength and the strength of your father's house -AT: "he will lose his eyesight over time and will become blind" \ No newline at end of file +The words "cut off ... strength" are probably a euphemism for the death of strong, young men; the words "your father's house" are a metonymy for "your family." AT: "I will kill you and all strong, young male descendants in your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# be any old man + +"be any old men" or "be any men who grow old" + +# cause your eyes to fail + +"cause you to lose your eyesight" or "cause you to go blind" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/34.md b/1sa/02/34.md index 298eb2c23a..0a169d73fb 100644 --- a/1sa/02/34.md +++ b/1sa/02/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## in my heart and in my soul ## +# I will raise up ... a faithful priest -Yahweh is telling Eli that the one he will raise up will be completely to his liking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "I will cause a man to become priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I will build him a sure house ## +# for myself -AT: "I will ensure he always has descendants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "to serve me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# what is in my heart and in my soul + +"what I want him to do and what I tell him to do" + +# I will build him a sure house + +Here "house" is an idiom used for "descendants." AT: "I will ensure that he always has a descendant who serves as high priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/36.md b/1sa/02/36.md index 00638a075d..5d7e85c680 100644 --- a/1sa/02/36.md +++ b/1sa/02/36.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## that person ## +# him -The faithful priest in verse 35 that God will raise up. +the faithful priest whom God will raise up -## so I can eat a piece of bread ## +# so I can eat a piece of bread -AT: "so I can have something to eat." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])) \ No newline at end of file +Here "piece of bread" is used for "food. "AT: "so I can have something to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/02/intro.md b/1sa/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f4cfcb120a --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +# 1 Samuel 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Many translations set apart quotations, prayers, or songs. 1 Samuel 2:1-10 is a song of praise to God for the birth of Samuel. It has been set apart in the ULB through the use of indentation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Hannah's song of praise to God ##### + +This song is about how God protects the weak and strengthens them. He humbles the rich, provides for the poor, and defeats his enemies. + +##### Eli's Sons ##### + +Eli, the chief priest, had two sons. They were ungodly priests who continually sinned and did not honor God. Eli corrected them but they did not listen. A prophet warned Eli that God would stop his family from being priests and his sons would both die on the same day. At the same time, Samuel was growing up and serving God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +This chapter has many figures of speech because the first part of the chapter is a song and the last part of the chapter is a prophecy. Songs and prophecy tend to have many figures of speech. + +##### Synecdoches ##### + +"My heart" and "my mouth" are synecdoches referencing the speaker. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +##### Metonymies ##### + +Body parts are often used to stand for activities involving that part of the body. "The feet of his faithful people" is a metonym meaning what they are doing or where they are going. Place names are often used for people in that place such as "the ends of the earth" meaning the people living in the ends of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +##### Metaphors ##### + +Hannah used many military metaphors: "rock," representing protection; "the bows of the mighty men are broken," representing military defeat; "the horn of his anointed," representing the power of the one that God has chosen to be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +God used three rhetorical questions to correct and condemn Eli. "Did I not reveal myself to the house of your ancestor, when they were in Egypt in bondage to Pharaoh's house?" "Why then do you scorn my offerings that I required in the place where I live?" "Why do you honor your sons above me by making yourselves fat with the best of every offering of my people Israel?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/01.md b/1sa/03/01.md index be3461c9d0..0700f59be7 100644 --- a/1sa/03/01.md +++ b/1sa/03/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## The lamp of God had not yet gone out ## +# Yahweh's word was rare -"The lamp of God" is the seven-candle furnishing in the holy place of the tabernacle that burned every day and through the night until it was empty. \ No newline at end of file +"Yahweh did not often speak to people" + +# The lamp of God + +This is the seven-candle lampstand in the holy place of the tabernacle that burned every day and through the night until it was empty. + +# the temple of Yahweh + +The "temple" was actually a tent, but it was where the people worshiped, so it is best to translate the word as "temple" here. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/05.md b/1sa/03/05.md index a0ad71793b..bb9c1574ee 100644 --- a/1sa/03/05.md +++ b/1sa/03/05.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this passage \ No newline at end of file +# my son + +Eli was not Samuel's true father. Eli speaks as if he were Samuel's father to show Samuel that he is not angry but that Samuel needs to listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/07.md b/1sa/03/07.md index 8091842012..9d63903dec 100644 --- a/1sa/03/07.md +++ b/1sa/03/07.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# nor had any message from Yahweh ever been revealed to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nor had Yahweh ever revealed any message to him" or "and Yahweh had never revealed any message to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/09.md b/1sa/03/09.md index 8091842012..d9df1098bc 100644 --- a/1sa/03/09.md +++ b/1sa/03/09.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# your servant is + +Eli tells Samuel to speak to Yahweh as if Samuel were another person so that Samuel would show respect to Yahweh. AT: "I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/10.md b/1sa/03/10.md index f07facb1d5..80120319f1 100644 --- a/1sa/03/10.md +++ b/1sa/03/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## the ears of everyone that hears it will shake ## +# Yahweh came and stood -Everyone will be shocked by what they hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh actually appeared and stood before Samuel or 2) Yahweh made his presence known to Samuel. + +# your servant is + +Samuel speaks to Yahweh as if Samuel were another person to show respect to Yahweh. AT: "I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# at which the ears of everyone who hears it will tingle + +Here "ears ... will tingle" is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. AT: "that will shock everyone who hears it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# tingle + +This means to feel like someone is gently poking with small, sharp objects, usually because of the cold or because someone has slapped that body part with their hand. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/12.md b/1sa/03/12.md index f86ff75622..a251d2ec2b 100644 --- a/1sa/03/12.md +++ b/1sa/03/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## from beginning to end ## +# from beginning to end -AT: "everything will certainly be done!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a merism for completeness. AT: "absolutely everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# brought a curse upon themselves + +"did those things which Yahweh had said he would punish those who did them" + +# the sins of his house will never be atoned for by sacrifice or offering + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "there is no sacrifice or offering that anyone can offer that will atone for the sins of his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the sins of his house + +"the sins that the people in his family have committed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/15.md b/1sa/03/15.md index 8091842012..2e521e15e9 100644 --- a/1sa/03/15.md +++ b/1sa/03/15.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# the house of Yahweh + +The "house" was actually a tent, but it would be best to translate "house" here. + +# my son + +Eli was not Samuel's true father. Eli speaks as if he were Samuel's father to show Samuel that he is not angry but that Samuel needs to answer him. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:6](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/17.md b/1sa/03/17.md index df869f7523..806e5f636c 100644 --- a/1sa/03/17.md +++ b/1sa/03/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## he spoke to you? ## +# the word he spoke -"He" is Yahweh. +"the message Yahweh gave" -## May God do so to you, and even more... ## +# May God do so to you, and even more -AT: "May God punish you as he said he will punish me, even more..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom to emphasize how serious Eli is. AT: "May God punish you the same way he said he will punish me, and even more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/19.md b/1sa/03/19.md index b2fdd5758d..a3eb918536 100644 --- a/1sa/03/19.md +++ b/1sa/03/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## let none of his prophetic words fail to come true ## +# he let none of his prophetic words fall to the ground -AT: "made all his prophetic words happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Here messages that do not come true are spoken of as if they fell to the ground. This can be stated positively. AT: "he made all the things he prophesied happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## from Dan to Beersheba ## +# All Israel -This means everyone, as the entire country was between these two areas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"All the people in Israel" + +# from Dan to Beersheba + +This is a merism for "in every part of the land." AT: "from one end of the land to the other" or "from Dan in the very north to Beersheba in the very south" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Samuel was appointed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh had appointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/03/intro.md b/1sa/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..af951f73c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# 1 Samuel 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God speaks to Samuel ##### + +God spoke at night to Samuel when he was a small boy, telling him that he would punish Eli's family. As Samuel grew up, God gave him many messages. People came from all over Israel to find out what God had to say. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metonymy ##### + +In order to show respect when talking to God, Samuel calls himself "your servant" when referring to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +##### Idioms ##### + +One characteristic of prophecy is the use of figures of speech. In this passage there are two idioms: "ears will shake," meaning "will shock everyone who hears" and "carry out," meaning "do." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +In order to be sure Samuel would tell him the whole truth, Eli used the standard formula for a curse: "may God do to you, and even more, if," meaning "God will punish severely if the person does what the curse says he will do." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/01.md b/1sa/04/01.md index 9aa0ba5956..8b5be0347d 100644 --- a/1sa/04/01.md +++ b/1sa/04/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Ebenezer, Aphek ## +# Ebenezer ... Aphek -Names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Israel was defeated by the Philistines, who killed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the Philistines defeated the Israelites and killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# about four thousand men + +Here the number four thousand is a round number. There may have been a few more than that or a few less than that. The word "about" shows that it is not an exact number. AT: "about 4,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/03.md b/1sa/04/03.md index 8c367496b9..78251273e1 100644 --- a/1sa/04/03.md +++ b/1sa/04/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## who sits above the cherubim ## +# the people -Although Yahweh is present everywhere, he shows himself to his people from above the statues of cherubim on top of the ark. +the soldiers who had been fighting the battle -## Phinehas ## +# Why has Yahweh defeated us today before the Philistines? Let us bring ... enemies -This Phinehas is not the same as the grandson of Aaron in Exodus and Numbers. \ No newline at end of file +The elders truly did not know why Yahweh had defeated them, but they wrongly thought they knew how to make sure it did not happen again, by bringing the ark to be with them. + +# who sits above the cherubim + +You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. AT: "who sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Phinehas + +This Phinehas is not the same as the grandson of Aaron in Exodus and Numbers. + +# were there + +were in Shiloh \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/05.md b/1sa/04/05.md index a7a8691868..3ead3ae6a0 100644 --- a/1sa/04/05.md +++ b/1sa/04/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the ark of Yahweh had come ## +# When the ark of the covenant of Yahweh came into the camp -AT: "The ark of Yahweh had been carried by the people" \ No newline at end of file +"When the people carried the ark of the covenant of Yahweh into the camp" Some languages may need to add understood information to make the meaning clear. AT: "The people, along with Hophni and Phinehas, picked up the ark of the covenant of Yahweh and carried it into the camp. When the people carried the ark into the camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the ark of Yahweh had come into the camp + +"the people had carried the ark of Yahweh into the camp" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/07.md b/1sa/04/07.md index 2e80123610..964ed6c4b1 100644 --- a/1sa/04/07.md +++ b/1sa/04/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Who will protect us from the strength of this mighty God? ## +# they said ... They said -AT: "There is no one who can protect us from this mighty God." This question is an expression of deep emotion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"they said to themselves ... They said to each other" or "they said to each other ... They said to each other." The second clause clearly refers to what the Philistines said to each other. The first clause probably refers to what they thought, though it could also refer to what they said to each other. If possible, avoid stating who was spoken to. -## be men ## +# A god has come -This is another way of saying be strong and fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The Philistines worshiped many gods, so they probably believed that one of those gods, or one whom they did not worship, had come into the camp. Another possible meaning is that they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel: "Yahweh has come." Because 4:8 speaks of "gods," some translations read, "Gods have come," that is, "It is gods who have come." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## you will become slaves to the Hebrews ## +# Who will protect us from the strength of these mighty gods? -AT: "the Hebrews will make you their slaves by defeating you in battle." +This rhetorical question is an expression of deep fear. It can be written as a statement. AT: "There is no one who can protect us from these mighty gods." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## you will become slaves ## +# these mighty gods ... the gods who attacked -"You" means the Philistines themselves. They are rallying themselves by addressing themselves as if they were others. \ No newline at end of file +Because the word "god" (or "God") in 4:7 is singular, many translations read "this mighty god ... the god who attacked," referring to any one of many possible gods, or "this mighty God ... the God who attacked," using the proper name of the God of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# be men + +This is an idiom. AT: "be strong and fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/10.md b/1sa/04/10.md index 8091842012..1a94f461b3 100644 --- a/1sa/04/10.md +++ b/1sa/04/10.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# Israel was defeated + +This can be stated in active form. Also, "Israel" refers to the army of Israel. AT: "they defeated the army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The ark of God was taken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Philistines also took the ark of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/12.md b/1sa/04/12.md index 98c8cee728..acff6580a4 100644 --- a/1sa/04/12.md +++ b/1sa/04/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## clothes torn and earth on his head ## +# clothes torn and earth on his head This is a way to express deep mourning in Israelite culture. -## his heart trembled ## +# his heart trembled with concern -Eli was overcome by fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom which means he was very fearful or terribly concerned about something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the whole city + +This is a metonym for "all the people in the city." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/14.md b/1sa/04/14.md index 8091842012..d41d040a87 100644 --- a/1sa/04/14.md +++ b/1sa/04/14.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# The man + +"The man of Benjamin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/16.md b/1sa/04/16.md index 9552b5242d..a287b770c1 100644 --- a/1sa/04/16.md +++ b/1sa/04/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## my son ## +# my son -This is a polite form of address to a man who is younger than Eli. \ No newline at end of file +Eli was not the other man's true father. Eli speaks as if he were the man's father to show the man that he is not angry but that the man needs to answer him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Israel fled from the Philistines + +This is a general statement about what happened. The rest of the man's words give details. + +# Also, there has been ... people. Also, your two sons + +"I will now tell you something worse ... I will now tell you something worse" or "Not only has there been ... people, but your two sons" + +# the ark of God has been taken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Philistines have taken the ark of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/18.md b/1sa/04/18.md index 8091842012..ec60ed9e68 100644 --- a/1sa/04/18.md +++ b/1sa/04/18.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# When he mentioned + +"When the man of Benjamin mentioned" + +# mentioned + +"spoke of" + +# His neck was broken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "His neck broke because he fell" or "He broke his neck when he fell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/19.md b/1sa/04/19.md index 8091842012..a941447931 100644 --- a/1sa/04/19.md +++ b/1sa/04/19.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# his daughter-in-law + +Eli's daughter-in-law + +# the ark of God was captured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Philistines had captured the ark of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# take what they said to heart + +"pay any attention to what they said" or "allow herself to feel better" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/21.md b/1sa/04/21.md index e140dd085a..87827a7a2f 100644 --- a/1sa/04/21.md +++ b/1sa/04/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Ichabod ## +# Ichabod -Proper names sometimes reveal information about the person, place, or thing it refers to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The name is actually a phrase that means "no glory." The name of a person sometimes reveals information about the person, place, or thing it refers to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# for the ark of God had been captured ... the ark of God has been captured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the Philistines had captured the ark of God ... because the Philistines have captured the ark of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/04/intro.md b/1sa/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a51856d5f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# 1 Samuel 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### The Ark of the Covenant in Philistine country ##### + +This chapter begins a new section on the Ark and the Philistines. It recounts two battles between Israel and the Philistines. In both battles, Israel was badly defeated and, in the second, the Ark was captured. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The Ark is captured ##### + +The Philistine army invaded Israel, and Israel's army went to fight them but was defeated. Israel decided that if they took the Ark into the next battle, God would cause them to win. When Eli's sons took the Ark into the next battle and the Philistines won the battle, they killed Eli's two sons and captured the Ark. When Eli heard the Ark was captured, he fell over, broke his neck, and died. Hearing this news, his daughter-in-law named her baby "the glory has departed." + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Question ##### + +The Philistines expressed their fear using a rhetorical question: "Who will protect us from the strength of this mighty God?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/05/01.md b/1sa/05/01.md index 995be36291..476a76d1f0 100644 --- a/1sa/05/01.md +++ b/1sa/05/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## house of Dagon ## +# Now -The temple of Dagon, the god of the Philistines. +This word marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a word or phrase that does the same, you could use it here. -## Dagon had fallen face down on the ground ## +# ark of God -It is implied that no person moved the statue but Yahweh caused the statue to be moved to a prostrate position during the night. \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 3:3](../03/01.md). This is the a same as the "ark of the covenant of God" in [1 Samuel 4:3-4](../04/03.md). + +# house of Dagon + +This refers to the temple of Dagon, the god of the Philistines. + +# behold, Dagon + +"they were very surprised to see that Dagon" + +# Dagon had fallen facedown on the ground + +The reader should understand that Yahweh had caused the statue to fall on its face during the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/05/04.md b/1sa/05/04.md index b047f15e98..43513c1017 100644 --- a/1sa/05/04.md +++ b/1sa/05/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## were lying cut off ## +# Dagon had fallen -"cut" here implies an intentional act of removal, a cutting motion, similar to cutting a human head and hands off the body. +The reader should understand that Yahweh had caused Dagon to fall. -## This is why, even today ## +# The head of Dagon and both of his hands were lying cut off -The writer is about to give some background information separate from the main story. \ No newline at end of file +It was as if Yahweh were a soldier who had defeated his enemy and cut off the enemy's head and hands. + +# This is why, even today + +The writer is about to give some background information separate from the main story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# even today + +Here "today" means up to the day when the author was writing this book. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/05/06.md b/1sa/05/06.md index 9e972f235b..e7feff65a1 100644 --- a/1sa/05/06.md +++ b/1sa/05/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Yahweh's hand was heavy upon ## +# Yahweh's hand was heavy upon -Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh's judgment was heavy upon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) or 2) Yahweh heavily judged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This is an idiom. "Yahweh severely judged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## realized ## +# tumors -AT: "understood" +Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. -## ark of the God of Israel ## +# both Ashdod and its territories -AT: "Ark of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +The name of the town is a metonym for the people living in the town. "both the people of Ashdod and the people in the land surrounding Ashdod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# realized + +"understood" + +# ark of the God of Israel + +See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 3:3](../03/01.md). This is the a same as the "ark of the covenant of God" in [1 Samuel 4:3-4](../04/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/05/08.md b/1sa/05/08.md index f89d34cdb1..315d33c77a 100644 --- a/1sa/05/08.md +++ b/1sa/05/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## gathered together ## +# Yahweh's hand was against -AT: "talked with" +This is an idiom. AT: "Yahweh punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Yahweh's hand ## +# both small and great -possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh" or 2) "Yahweh's judgment" +Possible meanings are 1) this is a merism that refers to age. AT: "men of all ages" or 2) this is a merism that refers social class. AT: "from the poorest and weakest men to the richest and most powerful men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## tumors broke out ## +# tumors -A type of sore on the skin that can lead to death. - -## both small and great ## - -This is another way of saying everyone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](./06.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/05/10.md b/1sa/05/10.md index fd24ac612e..bd0793bdc9 100644 --- a/1sa/05/10.md +++ b/1sa/05/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the Ekronites cried out ## +# cried out -Ekronites feared the Judgement of Israel's God knowing that this God was more powerful than their god Dagon. AT: "the Ekronites cried out in fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Why they cried out can be stated clearly. AT: "cried out in fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/05/11.md b/1sa/05/11.md index 4f7f6aa1b0..35af2bfed1 100644 --- a/1sa/05/11.md +++ b/1sa/05/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## deathly panic ## +# the ark of the God of Israel -AT: "great fear of death" +See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 3:3](../03/01.md). This is the a same as the "ark of the covenant of God" in [1 Samuel 4:3-4](../04/03.md). -## The men who did not die ## +# the God of Israel -This implies that many men actually died. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or 2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, "the god of Israel." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](./06.md). + +# there was a deathly panic throughout the city + +"people all over the city were afraid that they were going to die" + +# the hand of God was very heavy there + +The hand is a metonym for God punishing the people. "Yahweh was punishing the people there very severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The men who did not die + +This implies that many men actually died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# tumors + +Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](./06.md). + +# the cry of the city went up to the heavens + +The word "city" is a metonym for the people of the city. Possible meanings are 1) the words "went up to the heavens" is an idiom for "was very great." AT: "the people of the city cried out very loudly" or 2) the words "the heavens" is a metonym for the people's gods. AT: "the people of the city cried out to their gods." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/05/intro.md b/1sa/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..579f9f809d --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 1 Samuel 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of the Ark of the Covenant in Philistia continues. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The Ark in the Philistine Cities ##### + +The Philistines took the Ark of God to Ashdod and put it in their idol temple, but their idol fell down in front of the Ark and the people got sick with bubonic plague. They took it to Gath next, and the people of Gath began dying of the plague. When they took the Ark to Ekron, the people of Ekron were afraid of it too and did not want it there. Finally they decided to send it back to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idioms ##### + +There are two slightly different idioms used in the same way: the "hand was heavy" and the "hand was hard." Both idioms mean "was severely punished." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/01.md b/1sa/06/01.md index 3a8ef9bb96..8795c44e8d 100644 --- a/1sa/06/01.md +++ b/1sa/06/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## country of the Philistines for seven months ## +# the priests and the diviners -The Philistines maintained possession of the Ark for 7 months. +These were pagan priests and diviners who worshiped Dagon. -## Then they summoned their priests and their diviners ## +# Tell us how we should send it -These would have been Dagon priests and diviners. - -## Tell us how we should send it ## - -The Philistines sought to rid themselves of the Ark without angering Yahweh any further. \ No newline at end of file +The Philistines wanted to know how to get rid of the ark without angering Yahweh any further. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/03.md b/1sa/06/03.md index 5f0e93fd0a..27927408e0 100644 --- a/1sa/06/03.md +++ b/1sa/06/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## by all means send him a guilt offering ## +# the God of Israel -AT: "You must send a guilt offering!" +Possible meanings are 1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or 2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, "the god of Israel." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/06.md). -## you ## +# by all means send him a guilt offering -The pronoun "you" is plural, referring to all of the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +The words "by all means" are a forceful way of saying something. AT: "you must send a guilt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## why his hand has not been lifted off of you ## +# you will be healed -AT: "why he has been making you suffer" +"you will no longer be ill" -## tumors ## +# you -AT: "sores caused by illness" +The pronoun "you" is plural, referring to all of the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## mice ## +# why his hand has not been lifted off of you -Mice are small animals often associate with carrying diseases and sicknesses. \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" is a metonym used to represent God's power to afflict or discipline. AT: "why he has not relieved your suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tumors + +Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). + +# mice + +"more than one mouse" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/05.md b/1sa/06/05.md index 571e588636..669edfd8a2 100644 --- a/1sa/06/05.md +++ b/1sa/06/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## model ## +# models -a cast or image that looks like the real thing. +A model is something that looks like a real thing. -## are ruining ## +# tumors -AT: "are destroying" +Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). -## lift his hand from you ## +# that ravage -"AT: "stop punishing you" +"that are destroying" -## harden your hearts ## +# the God of Israel -This means to be unwilling to obey God. +Possible meanings are 1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or 2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, "the god of Israel." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/06.md). -## like the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? ## +# lift his hand from you, from your gods, and from your land -The priests and diviners exhorted the philistines to honor Yahweh, not like Pharaoh who Yahweh ended up dealing harshly with Him and Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" is a metonym used to represent God's power to afflict or discipline. AT: "stop punishing you, your gods and your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Why should you harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? + +The priests and diviners use a rhetorical question to urge the Philistines to think very seriously about what will happen if they refuse to obey God. This can be translated as a warning. AT: "Do not be stubborn like the Egyptians and Pharaoh were!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# harden your hearts + +This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. AT: "refuse to obey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# did not the Egyptians send away the people, and they left? + +This is another rhetorical question used to remind the Philistines how the Egyptians finally sent the Israelites out of Egypt so that God would stop afflicting the Egyptians. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "remember that the Egyptians sent the Israelites out of Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/07.md b/1sa/06/07.md index b0b95d8fc2..fc7ec803ca 100644 --- a/1sa/06/07.md +++ b/1sa/06/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## two nursing cows, which have never been yoked ## +# two nursing cows -It is unlikely that these two cows would wander to Israel. +"two cows that have calves that are still drinking milk" -## Then send it off and let it go its own way. ## +# Then send it off and let it go its own way -The expected action would be for the two cows to head back home to their calves. +Normally the two cows would head back home to their calves. -## if it goes...to Beth Shemesh, then it is Yahweh ## +# if it goes ... to Beth Shemesh, then it is Yahweh -It is unlikely that the cows would choose to wander to Beth Shemesh when their calves are back in the Philistine home. - -## we will know that it happened to us by chance." ## - -"we will know that it just happened." \ No newline at end of file +It is unlikely that the cows would choose to wander to Beth Shemesh when their calves are back in the Philistine area. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/10.md b/1sa/06/10.md index 1c73033b62..ad130c0012 100644 --- a/1sa/06/10.md +++ b/1sa/06/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## castings of their tumors ## +# two nursing cows -"models of their tumors made by pouring molten metal into a form; the form can used many times." +"two cows that have calves that are still drinking milk" See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 6:7](./07.md). -## The cows went straight in the direction of Beth Shemesh ## +# mice -milking cows should have returned to their calves but these instead went on to Beth she mesh which was unnatural. +Translated this as in [1 Samuel 6:4](./03.md). -## lowing as they went ## +# castings of their tumors -These cows were making complaining noises. These cows were wanting to return to their calves. +"models of their tumors" -## did not turn aside ## +# tumors -these cows were being led to a destination without any person guiding them. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). + +# The cows went straight in the direction of Beth Shemesh + +Nursing cows would normally return to their calves, but these cows went to Beth Shemesh. + +# lowing as they went + +Lowing is the noise cows make with their voices. + +# they did not turn aside either to the right or to the left + +"they did not wander off of the highway." This can be stated positively. AT: "they stayed on the highway" or "they went straight ahead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/13.md b/1sa/06/13.md index 86f50faf4e..6ca8c775df 100644 --- a/1sa/06/13.md +++ b/1sa/06/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## people of Beth Shemesh ## +# Now -These were Jewish people. \ No newline at end of file +The writer is introducing a new part of the story. If your language has a way of marking the beginning of a new part of the story, you could use it here. + +# people of Beth Shemesh + +These were Israelites. + +# lifted up their eyes + +This is an idiom. AT: "looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/14.md b/1sa/06/14.md index 0c7a4535bb..7bdf422f89 100644 --- a/1sa/06/14.md +++ b/1sa/06/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## The Levites took down the ark of Yahweh... ## +# A great stone was there -Though this was mentioned second, it actually occurred before they chopped the cart up into firewood. +The people used this stone as an altar when they offered the cows as sacrifices. -## The Levites took down the ark ## +# The Levites took down the ark of Yahweh -according to the Law of Moses, only the Levites were permitted to handle the ark. \ No newline at end of file +This actually happened before they chopped the cart into firewood to use in offering the cows to Yahweh. + +# The Levites took down the ark + +According to the law of Moses, only the Levites were permitted to handle the ark. + +# the box that was with it, where the golden figures were + +"the box containing the gold models of the rats and the tumors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/16.md b/1sa/06/16.md index 2317684db4..07d31e4703 100644 --- a/1sa/06/16.md +++ b/1sa/06/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## five rulers of the Philistines ## +# the five rulers of the Philistines -"The five philistine kings" \ No newline at end of file +"the five Philistine kings" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/17.md b/1sa/06/17.md index ad6358e0ec..fd6dabf174 100644 --- a/1sa/06/17.md +++ b/1sa/06/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## fortified cities ## +# tumors + +Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). + +# mice + +Translated this as in [1 Samuel 6:4](./03.md). + +# fortified cities These are cities with high walls around them to protect the people inside from attack by their enemies. -## The great stone...remains a witness ## +# The great stone ... remains a witness -The stone is referred to as if it is a person who can see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The stone is referred to as if it is a person who can see. AT: "The great stone ... is still there, and people remember what happened on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Joshua the Bethshemite ## +# Joshua -"Joshua from Bethshemesh" (See: [[[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Bethshemite + +This is what a person from Beth Shemesh is called. AT: "from Beth Shemesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to this day + +to the time at which the writer wrote the book \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/19.md b/1sa/06/19.md index 329b7e6370..617e022dd8 100644 --- a/1sa/06/19.md +++ b/1sa/06/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## they had looked into his ark ## +# they had looked into the ark -Only the priests, the line of Aaron, are permitted to look into the ark, and then it was only certain times of the year. +The ark was so holy that no one was permitted to look inside it. Only the priests were allowed to even see the ark. -## He killed seventy men ## +# 50,070 men -"He killed 70 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"fifty thousand and seventy men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Who is able to stand before Yahweh, this holy God? + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question that expresses the people's fear of Yahweh. AT: "There is no one who can resist Yahweh because he is so holy!" or 2) this is a question asking for information. The phrase "stand before Yahweh" may refer to priests who serve Yahweh. It is implied that the people were looking for a priest whom Yahweh would permit to handle the ark. AT: "Is there a priest among us who serves this holy God, Yahweh, and is able to handle this ark?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# To whom will the ark go up from us? + +This is a question asking for information. It is implied that the people want Yahweh and the ark to go somewhere else so he will not punish them again. AT: "Where can we send this ark so that Yahweh will not punish us again?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/21.md b/1sa/06/21.md index 0de19a83ea..3858c6d280 100644 --- a/1sa/06/21.md +++ b/1sa/06/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Kiriath Jearim ## +# Kiriath Jearim This was a town in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/06/intro.md b/1sa/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9de11d5af9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 1 Samuel 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter ends the story of the Ark of the Covenant among the Philistines. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The Philistines send the Ark back to Israel ##### + +The Philistine leaders asked their priests what they should do with the Ark. The priests said to send it off with an offering. The Philistines put the Ark on a cart drawn by cows and let them go wherever they wanted to go. The cows went straight toward Israel. When some people peeked into the Ark, God killed them. Because of this, the people sent the Ark to Kiriath Jearim. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/01.md b/1sa/07/01.md index cf5c556e26..611e85501e 100644 --- a/1sa/07/01.md +++ b/1sa/07/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Kiriath Jearim…Abinadab…Eleazar ## +# Kiriath Jearim -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## twenty years ## +# Abinadab ... Eleazar -20 years (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twenty years + +"20 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/03.md b/1sa/07/03.md index 484958954f..5d13f5c591 100644 --- a/1sa/07/03.md +++ b/1sa/07/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## return to Yahweh with your whole heart ## +# the entire house of Israel -AT: "become completely devoted to worshiping and obeying Yahweh only" \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" is a metonym for the people who live in the house and their descendants. AT: "all of the descendants of Israel" or "all of the Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# return to Yahweh with your whole heart + +Here "with your whole heart" is an idiom that means to be completely devoted to something. AT: "become completely devoted to worshiping and obeying Yahweh only" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/05.md b/1sa/07/05.md index 405cc479ce..cc037992af 100644 --- a/1sa/07/05.md +++ b/1sa/07/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## drew water and poured it out before Yahweh ## +# all Israel -Possible meanings are 1) the people denied themselves water as part of fasting or 2) may be an outward sign of being sorry for their sin. \ No newline at end of file +"all the people of Israel" or "all the Israelites" + +# drew water and poured it out before Yahweh + +Possible meanings are 1) the people denied themselves water as part of fasting or 2) they got water out of a stream or well and poured it on the ground as an outward sign of being sorry for their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/07.md b/1sa/07/07.md index 0c19d2bd42..0828735a95 100644 --- a/1sa/07/07.md +++ b/1sa/07/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the rulers of the Philistines attacked Israel ## +# the rulers of the Philistines attacked Israel -The writer implies that the army is present with the rulers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It can be stated plainly that it was the army and not the rulers by themselves who attacked Israel. AT: "the Philistine rulers led their army and attacked Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## save us from the hand of the Philistines ## +# save us from the hand of the Philistines -AT: "save us from the Philistine army" \ No newline at end of file +The "hand" is a metonym for the power of the person. AT: "save us from the Philistine army" or "keep the Philistine army from harming us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/09.md b/1sa/07/09.md index fd6ad8b0ef..3b626cb761 100644 --- a/1sa/07/09.md +++ b/1sa/07/09.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes. \ No newline at end of file +# nursing lamb + +a lamb that is still drinking its mother's milk + +# cried out + +"cried out for help" + +# Yahweh answered him + +"Yahweh did what Samuel asked him to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/10.md b/1sa/07/10.md index ac2aefccd4..fedc389474 100644 --- a/1sa/07/10.md +++ b/1sa/07/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## threw them into confusion ## +# As Samuel ... Beth Kar -The Philistines became uncertain of how to win the battle. +This explains what the writer means by "Yahweh answered him" in ([1 Samuel 7:9](./09.md)). -## they were routed before Israel ## +# threw them into confusion -"they were defeated before Israel" +The word "confusion" here is used as a casual way of saying the Philistines were unable to think clearly. AT: "made them unable to think clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## pursued ## +# they were routed before Israel -AT: "chased" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh routed them before Israel" or 2) "Israel routed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# routed + +To rout people is to defeat them before they can cause any harm. + +# Beth Kar + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/12.md b/1sa/07/12.md index db2e405c46..5be8eac212 100644 --- a/1sa/07/12.md +++ b/1sa/07/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## took a stone and set it ## +# took a stone and set it -In Israelite culture, a stone was placed at the site of an important event as a reminder of God's help. \ No newline at end of file +The Israelites and other peoples in that land would place a large stone where important events had happened as a reminder of God's help. + +# Mizpah ... Shen + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/13.md b/1sa/07/13.md index 3e605e8fda..d7af5cf8e6 100644 --- a/1sa/07/13.md +++ b/1sa/07/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## they did not enter the border of Israel ## +# So the Philistines were subdued + +The writer has just finished telling how the Philistines were subdued. If your language has a way of marking the end of a description, you could use it here. + +# the Philistines were subdued + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh subdued the Philistines" or "Yahweh kept the Philistines from causing harm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they did not enter the border of Israel The Philistines did not enter Israel's border to attack them. -## Yahweh was against the Philistines ## +# The hand of Yahweh was against the Philistines -Whenever Israel did fight against the Philistines, they always won the battles. \ No newline at end of file +The word "hand" is a metonym for power. AT: "Yahweh used his power against the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The towns ... from Israel were restored to Israel + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Here "Israel" refers to the "land" of Israel. "Yahweh restored to the land of Israel the towns ... from Israel" or 2) "Israel" is a metonym for the people who live there. AT: "the people of Israel were able to reclaim the towns ... from Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/15.md b/1sa/07/15.md index da71143a90..19b039108b 100644 --- a/1sa/07/15.md +++ b/1sa/07/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## went on a circuit ## +# went on a circuit -To travel to the same places regularly. \ No newline at end of file +traveled from place to place in a rough circle + +# He decided disputes + +Disputes are arguments or disagreements between two or more people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/07/intro.md b/1sa/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..984c67a031 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 1 Samuel 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter completes the section on Samuel leading Israel. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel begins to worship Yahweh again ##### + +Samuel told the people to get rid of all their idols and worship Yahweh alone. The people were obedient. When the Philistines heard the Israelites were all gathered together, the Philistines attacked, but God defeated them. There was a time of peace during which Samuel settled disputes between the people as the judges had done before. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idioms ##### + +Whenever Samuel spoke to a group of people, he used many idioms: "to turn to" means "to worship"; "with your whole heart" means "completely"; and "rescue from the hand" means "rescued from the power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/01.md b/1sa/08/01.md index fcb0d5da95..5bf8e62cbf 100644 --- a/1sa/08/01.md +++ b/1sa/08/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -Samuel's sons did evil. +# chased after dishonest gain -## chased after dishonest gain ## +The writer speaks of money that people would give Samuel's sons as if it were a person or animal running away from Samuel's sons, and he speaks of Samuel's sons as if they were physically chasing that person or animal. AT: "they worked hard to gain money by being dishonest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -they obtained money by accepting bribes. +# perverted justice -## perverted justice ## - -their decisions favored the person making the bribe. \ No newline at end of file +"judged in favor of those who did evil" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/04.md b/1sa/08/04.md index 55f223ce74..d740e64902 100644 --- a/1sa/08/04.md +++ b/1sa/08/04.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Israel's elders are angry with the corruption +# do not walk in your ways -## Appoint for us a king to judge us ## +The way a person lives is spoken of as walking on a path. AT: "do not do the things you do" or "do not do what is just the way you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -The leaders wrongly believed that a king and his sons after him would rule justly. \ No newline at end of file +# Appoint for us a king to judge us like all the nations + +Possible meanings are 1) "Appoint for us a king like the kings of all the nations so that he can judge us" or 2) "Appoint for us a king who will judge us the way the kings of the nations judge them" + +# Appoint for us a king to judge us + +The leaders wrongly believed that a king, and his sons after him, would rule justly. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/06.md b/1sa/08/06.md index 86a5ec93f8..7fd6817f4b 100644 --- a/1sa/08/06.md +++ b/1sa/08/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## it displeased Samuel ## +# But it displeased Samuel ... Give us a king to judge us -Samuel was unhappy that the people wanted a king, not just the removal of his corrupt sons and the appointment of honest judges. +Samuel was unhappy that the people did not just want him to remove his corrupt sons and to appoint honest judges, but they wanted a king to rule over them like other countries had. -## Give us a king to judge us ## +# Obey the voice of the people -The people wanted a king, not just the appointment of honest judges. +Here "the voice" is a metonym for the will or the desire of the people. AT: "Do what the people say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Obey the voice of the people ## +# but they have rejected me -AT: "Do what the people say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## but they have rejected me ## - -Yahweh knew that the rejection was not about corrupt judges, but the rejection of Yahweh as their king. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh knew that the people were not just rejecting corrupt judges, but they were rejecting Yahweh as their king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/08.md b/1sa/08/08.md index d65cd35462..61e125b83e 100644 --- a/1sa/08/08.md +++ b/1sa/08/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## I brought them out of Egypt ## +# I brought them out of Egypt This refers to Yahweh freeing the Israelites from slavery in Egypt many years before. -## listen to them ## +# Now listen to them -AT: "do what they ask" +"Now do what they are asking you to do" -## warn them solemnly ## +# warn them solemnly -To let Israel know that there are serious consequences to appointing a king over them. \ No newline at end of file +"be very serious as you warn them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/10.md b/1sa/08/10.md index 5ac62b61e1..49c98d8b21 100644 --- a/1sa/08/10.md +++ b/1sa/08/10.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -The custom of the King is required service to him. \ No newline at end of file +# This will be the practice ... He will take + +The practice of the king will be to take. This begins the list of things he will take. + +# This will be the practice of the king who will reign over you + +The abstract noun "practice" can be translated as a verb. AT: "This is how the king who will reign over you will act" or "This is what the king who will reign over you will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# appoint them to his chariots + +"have them drive chariots in battle" + +# be his horsemen + +They will ride horses into battle. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/13.md b/1sa/08/13.md index 96ff307dfd..141da66acc 100644 --- a/1sa/08/13.md +++ b/1sa/08/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Samuel continues describing the king's forced labor practices. +# Connecting Statement: -## take your... ## +Samuel continues to tell what things the king will take. -This is plural "you" since Samuel is addressing many people. +# to be perfumers -## to be perfumers ## +"to make good-smelling oils to put on his body" -AT: "to make of good-smelling liquids to put on one's body" +# olive orchards -## olive orchards ## +"fields of olive trees" -AT: "fields of olive trees" +# a tenth of your grain -## officers ## +They will have to divide their grain into ten equal parts and give one of those parts to the king's officers and servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -These are the leaders of the King's army. \ No newline at end of file +# a tenth ... of your vineyards + +They will have to divide the wine that they produce in their vineyards into ten equal parts and give one of those parts to the king's officers and servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# officers + +These are the leaders of the king's army. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/16.md b/1sa/08/16.md index ce842bedb2..0bb723ba65 100644 --- a/1sa/08/16.md +++ b/1sa/08/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Samuel continues describing the king's forced labor practices. +# Connecting Statement: -## and you will be his slaves ## +Samuel continues to tell what things the king will take. -There will come a time when the king will treat everyone as his slaves. +# the tenth of your flocks -## you will cry out ## +They will have to divide their flocks into ten equal parts and give one of those parts to the king's officers and servants. See how you translated "tenth" in [1 Samuel 8:15](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -Possible meanings are 1) the people will cry out to God regarding the king or 2) the people will cry out to the king regarding his treatment. (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +# you will be his slaves + +"you will feel as if you are his slaves" + +# you will cry out + +Possible meanings are 1) the people will ask Yahweh to rescue them from the king or 2) the people will ask the king to stop treating them so badly . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/19.md b/1sa/08/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0322ec3e97..0000000000 --- a/1sa/08/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -People refused to listen to Samuel \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/21.md b/1sa/08/21.md index fbb71b426a..cbfecba5fb 100644 --- a/1sa/08/21.md +++ b/1sa/08/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## he repeated them in the ears of Yahweh ## +# he repeated them in the ears of Yahweh -Samuel prayed to Yahweh repeating all that the people said about wanting a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "the ears of Yahweh" refers to Yahweh. Samuel prayed to Yahweh repeating all that the people said. AT: "he repeated them to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Obey their voice ## +# Obey their voice -AT: "obey them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the metonym "their voice" refers to the will of the people. AT: "Obey the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## make them a king ## +# cause someone to be king for them -Appoint someone to be king. +"make someone king over them." Use the common term in your language for making someone king. -## go to his own city ## +# go to his own city -AT: "go home" \ No newline at end of file +"go home" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/08/intro.md b/1sa/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3874c7194b --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Samuel 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +##### Saul and Samuel ##### + +The section including chapters 8-16 begins a new part of the story. The people wanted a king, and God chose Saul, the man the people wanted, to be their king. He was not the king Yahweh wanted. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The people want a king ##### + +When Samuel was old, he appointed his sons to be judges. They were corrupt and took bribes, so the people came and asked Samuel to appoint a king for them. Samuel asked God, who gave them a king but warned them what a king would be like. Despite Samuel's warning that a king would oppress them, the people still wanted a king. This was sinful because they were rejecting God as their king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/01.md b/1sa/09/01.md index 737244dc9d..dcebaff779 100644 --- a/1sa/09/01.md +++ b/1sa/09/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## a man of influence ## +# General Information: -A man who people respected and listened to his counsel. +If your language has a way of telling the reader that the writer is giving background information in these verses, you could use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Kish, Abiel, Zeror, Becorath, Aphiah ## +# a man of influence + +Possible meanings are 1) he was a wealthy man or 2) he was a nobleman or 3) he was a mighty and brave man. + +# Kish ... Abiel ... Zeror ... Bekorath ... Aphiah These are names of the men of Saul's family line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Benjamite ## +# Benjamite A Benjamite is someone who belongs to the tribe of Benjamin. -## handsome ## +# handsome -Someone who looks good. \ No newline at end of file +someone who looks good + +# From his shoulders upward he was taller than any of the people + +The other tall people in Israel did not even come up to his shoulders. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/03.md b/1sa/09/03.md index 82bda4f972..4eb65c60e8 100644 --- a/1sa/09/03.md +++ b/1sa/09/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## hill country of Ephraim, land of Shalishah, land of Shaalim, and the land of the Benjamites ## +# Now -These are all areas in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer has ended the background information ([1 Samuel 9:1-2](./01.md)) and starts a new main part of the story. + +# arise + +"stop what you are doing" + +# the hill country of Ephraim ... the land of Shalishah ... the land of Shaalim ... the land of the Benjamites + +These are all areas in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# did not find them ... they were not there ... did not find them + +The words "them" and "they" all refer to the donkeys. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/05.md b/1sa/09/05.md index fb961994d2..b45ec1d9cd 100644 --- a/1sa/09/05.md +++ b/1sa/09/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## land of Zuph ## +# land of Zuph -This is a district Israel just north of Jerusalem. +This is an area in Israel just north of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## which way we should go on our journey ## +# man of God -AT: "where we can find the donkeys" +This phrase usually means a prophet of Yahweh. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 2:27](../02/27.md). AT: "a man who hears and tells words from God" -## everything that he says comes true ## +# which way we should go on our journey -This is a test of a true prophet. \ No newline at end of file +"which way we should go to find the donkeys" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/07.md b/1sa/09/07.md index 7f1a843561..062c1640de 100644 --- a/1sa/09/07.md +++ b/1sa/09/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## what can we bring the man? ## +# what can we bring the man? -Giving a gift is a sign of respect for the man of God. \ No newline at end of file +Giving a gift is a sign of respect for the man of God. + +# man of God + +This phrase usually means a prophet of Yahweh. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 2:27](../02/27.md). AT: "a man who hears and tells words from God" + +# one-fourth of a shekel + +"1/4 of a shekel." A shekel is a type of money used in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/09.md b/1sa/09/09.md index 4d84a10505..91a9465a40 100644 --- a/1sa/09/09.md +++ b/1sa/09/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## (Formerly in Israel...) ## +# Formerly in Israel ... seer -This is cultural information added by the Hebrew author. If it isn't natural state this verse first in your language, it can be moved to after v11 (UDB). +This is cultural information added by the Hebrew author. If it is not natural in your language to state this information here, it can be moved to the end of verse 11. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## For today's prophet was formerly called a seer. ## +# For today's prophet was formerly called a seer -AT: "Seer is the old name for what we call a prophet today." \ No newline at end of file +"Seer is the old name for what we call a prophet today" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/12.md b/1sa/09/12.md index 9837c6cfd5..a5d45dd6d0 100644 --- a/1sa/09/12.md +++ b/1sa/09/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the people are sacrificing today ## +# the people are sacrificing today -These are likely the feast or first fruit sacrifices, not the sin sacrifices which must be held at the tabernacle. \ No newline at end of file +These are likely the feast or first-fruit sacrifices, not the sin sacrifices, which must be held at the tabernacle. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/14.md b/1sa/09/14.md index 459f28196a..bec80284e8 100644 --- a/1sa/09/14.md +++ b/1sa/09/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## to go up to the high place ## +# to go up to the high place -A place in the community designated as holy to have the sacrifices and offerings to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +This is a place that the people had designated as holy to make sacrifices and offerings to Yahweh. The writer writes as though it were outside the wall that was around the city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/15.md b/1sa/09/15.md index 33518c22de..125ae06631 100644 --- a/1sa/09/15.md +++ b/1sa/09/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## you will anoint him to be prince ## +# General Information: -This is the man God has chosen to be king of Israel. +The writer stops telling the story and gives background information so the reader can understand what happens next. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## the land of Benjamin ## +# you will anoint him to be prince -From the land inhabited by the tribe of Benjamin. +The term prince is used here instead of king. This is the man whom God has chosen to be king of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## from the hand ## +# the land of Benjamin -"from the control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"the land where people from the tribe of Benjamin live" -## For I have looked on my people with pity ## +# from the hand of the Philistines -AT: "I care about my people" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hand" is a metonym for control. AT: "from the control of the Philistines" or "so the Philistines will no longer control them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For I have looked on my people with pity + +"My people are suffering and I want to help them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/17.md b/1sa/09/17.md index 20430ca9a0..b0cd2e737f 100644 --- a/1sa/09/17.md +++ b/1sa/09/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Yahweh told him ## +# Yahweh told him -AT: "Yahweh told Samuel" +"Yahweh told Samuel" -## the seer ## +# the seer -AT: "prophet of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +"the prophet of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/20.md b/1sa/09/20.md index 975c4d8305..04d6e0c377 100644 --- a/1sa/09/20.md +++ b/1sa/09/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## And on whom...father's house? ## +# Then on whom are all the desires of Israel set? Is it not on you and all your father's house? -This question is an expression of deep conviction that Israel wants Saul to be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These questions are an expression of deep conviction that Saul is the one whom Yahweh wants to be the king that the Israelites are looking for. The questions can be translated as statements. AT: "You should know that it is on you that all the desires of Israel are set. They are set on you and your father's family." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Am not I a Benjamite...Why then have you spoken to me in this manner? ## +# Am not I a Benjamite ... of Israel? Is not my clan ... Benjamin? Why then have you spoken to me in this manner? -Saul is expressing surprise because small tribes often are not honored. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Saul is expressing surprise because Benjamin was the smallest tribe in Israel, and other Israelites considered the tribe unimportant. Also, Benjamites considered the clan of which Saul was a member as unimportant. These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "I am from the tribe of Benjamin, the least important of all tribes. And my clan is the least important clan in our tribe. I do not understand why you are saying that the Israelite people want me and my family to do something important." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/22.md b/1sa/09/22.md index dfadebcdfb..7261423f8e 100644 --- a/1sa/09/22.md +++ b/1sa/09/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## head place ## +# the hall -AT: "seat of honor" +The writer assumes that the reader knows that near the place where they would offer sacrifices there was a large building in which people would eat together. -## thirty ## +# head place -AT: "30" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the seat of honor. + +# thirty + +"30" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/23.md b/1sa/09/23.md index d95d368588..e6d10c7a4f 100644 --- a/1sa/09/23.md +++ b/1sa/09/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## For now you can say, 'I have invited the people.' ## +# what was on it -This is another way of saying that the meal is to honor Saul in front of the people. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the other food that Saul was to eat along with the meat or 2) other parts of the bull. + +# Then Samuel said + +In the original language it is not clear who is speaking. It is possible that the cook is speaking to Saul. AT: "Then the cook said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/25.md b/1sa/09/25.md index 11d82e3fc2..0f44360df0 100644 --- a/1sa/09/25.md +++ b/1sa/09/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## on the rooftop ## +# on the rooftop -This is a normal gathering place for family and guests. It tends to be cooler in the evening than inside the house. \ No newline at end of file +This is a normal place for family and guests to eat, visit, and sleep. It tends to be cooler in the evening and at night than the inside of the house. + +# Samuel called to Saul on the rooftop and said + +What Saul was doing on the rooftop can be made explicit. AT: "while Saul was sleeping on the rooftop, Samuel called to him and said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/27.md b/1sa/09/27.md index f8384f94d2..8300789279 100644 --- a/1sa/09/27.md +++ b/1sa/09/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## that I may announce the message of God to you. ## +# ahead of us"—and he went ahead—"but you must stay -AT: "and I will tell you God's message for you." \ No newline at end of file +It is possible that Samuel speaks all of these words. AT: "ahead of us, and when he has gone ahead, you must stay" + +# that I may announce the message of God to you + +"so that I can tell you God's message for you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/09/intro.md b/1sa/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..407b0fb642 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Samuel 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Samuel chooses Saul to be their king ##### + +When the donkeys of Saul's father strayed away, Saul went looking for them. When he could not find them, he asked Samuel to ask God where they were. Samuel said the donkeys had been found. He invited Saul as the guest of honor to a feast and gave him a place to sleep for the night. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +Saul uses two rhetorical questions to convince Samuel he is not important: "Am not I a Benjamite, from the smallest of the tribes of Israel? Is not my clan the least of all the clans of the tribe of Benjamin?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/01.md b/1sa/10/01.md index aa6083a5ab..48f4797d88 100644 --- a/1sa/10/01.md +++ b/1sa/10/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## took a flask of oil, poured it on Saul's head ## +# took a flask of oil, poured it on Saul's head In Israelite culture, when a prophet poured oil on someone's head, that person received a blessing from Yahweh. -## flask ## +# flask -"bottle" +a small container made from baked clay -## Has not Yahweh anointed you to be a ruler over his inheritance? ## +# Has not Yahweh anointed you to be a ruler over his inheritance? -AT: "Yahweh has certainly anointed you to be a ruler over his inheritance!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Samuel knows the answer to his question. He is reminding Saul that Yahweh has chosen him to be king of Israel. AT: "Yahweh has certainly anointed you to be a ruler over his inheritance." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Zelzah ## +# Zelzah -place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## What should I do about my son? ## +# What should I do about my son? Saul's father is now concerned about Saul and wants to find him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/03.md b/1sa/10/03.md index e203905ae4..0e74f89876 100644 --- a/1sa/10/03.md +++ b/1sa/10/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## a skin of wine ## +# Tabor -The people in those days would kill animals, take off some of the skins, and fill them with juice that would become wine. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# take from their hands + +The hands are a synecdoche for the person. "take from them" or "accept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/05.md b/1sa/10/05.md index c0f7592045..ccd74a5ed9 100644 --- a/1sa/10/05.md +++ b/1sa/10/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## tambourine ## +# tambourine -a small musical instrument with metal pieces that rattle when shaken +This is a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## rush ## +# The Spirit of Yahweh will rush upon you -AT: "come quickly" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "rush upon" means that Yahweh's Spirit will influence Saul. In this case it means it means he will make Saul prophesy and act like a different person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/07.md b/1sa/10/07.md index bd4668441c..494f8a3e87 100644 --- a/1sa/10/07.md +++ b/1sa/10/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## whatever your hand finds to do ## +# do whatever your hand finds to do -"whatever you need to do" so all the work gets done \ No newline at end of file +Here Samuel speaks of Saul's hand as if it were a person trying to find things. AT: "do whatever you think is right to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/09.md b/1sa/10/09.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bfb8b49fba --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/10/09.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# God gave him another heart + +God enabled Samuel to think differently from the way he had thought before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the Spirit of God rushed upon him + +Samuel speaks as if the Spirit of Yahweh were a person running up to Saul and taking complete control of him. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:6](./05.md). AT: "the Spirit of Yahweh took complete control of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/11.md b/1sa/10/11.md index 912d396dd0..115ba2608d 100644 --- a/1sa/10/11.md +++ b/1sa/10/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## What has happened to the son of Kish? ## +# What has happened to the son of Kish? -Possible meanings are 1) the people are asking for information (See UDB) or 2) AT: "Kish is not an important person, so it cannot be true that his son has become a prophet!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the people are asking for information or 2) this is a rhetorical question that means Saul is not important. AT: "Kish is not an important person, so it cannot be true that his son has become a prophet!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the son of Kish ## +# the son of Kish -AT: "Saul, the son of Kish" +"Saul, the son of Kish" -## And who is their father? ## +# Then who is their father? -"As for those whom we know to be prophets, we do not care who their fathers are, so we should not doubt that Saul is a prophet just because his father is not an important person." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This man uses a rhetorical question to remind people that being a prophet has nothing to do with who one's parents are. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "It does not matter who the parents of these other prophets are. What matters is that, amazingly, Saul is speaking messages from God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Is Saul also one of the prophets? ## +# Because of this, it became a saying, "Is Saul also one of the prophets?" -"Even Saul has become a prophet!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This became a proverb among the Israelites. Apparently people said this to express surprise when a person unexpectedly did something that he had not done before. The implied meaning of the question can be stated explicitly. AT: "And that is why, when people cannot believe some report, they think about what happened to Saul and say, 'Is Saul really one of the prophets?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/14.md b/1sa/10/14.md index 4af6b61274..551e6519af 100644 --- a/1sa/10/14.md +++ b/1sa/10/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Then Saul's uncle said to him ## +# Then Saul's uncle said to him -AT: "Then the brother of Saul's father said to Saul" +"Then the brother of Saul's father said to Saul" -## he did not tell him about the matter of the kingdom ## +# he did not tell him about the matter of the kingdom -AT: "Saul did not tell his uncle that God had appointed him to be the king of Israel." \ No newline at end of file +"Saul did not tell his uncle that God had appointed him to be the king of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/17.md b/1sa/10/17.md index 7765abaa99..c8e6375361 100644 --- a/1sa/10/17.md +++ b/1sa/10/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## I brought up Israel out of Egypt ## +# I brought up Israel out of Egypt -AT: " I brought the people of Israel out of Egypt" +The name "Israel" is a metonym for the people of Israel. "I brought the people of Israel out of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## today ## +# today -AT: "now" +"now" -## Set a king over us ## +# the hand of the Egyptians ... the hand of all the kingdoms -AT: "Give us a king to rule us." \ No newline at end of file +The word "hand" is a metonym for power. AT: "the power of the Egyptians ... the power of all the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Set a king over us + +"Give us a king to rule us" + +# present yourselves before Yahweh by your tribes and by your clans + +"gather together by tribes and clans and come to stand before Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/20.md b/1sa/10/20.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..03da05bb87 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/10/20.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# the tribe of Benjamin was chosen ... the clan of the Matrites was chosen ... Saul son of Kish was chosen + +This can be translated in active form. It is probably best not to say how the people knew whom Yahweh had chosen. AT: "Yahweh chose the tribe of Benjamin ... Yahweh chose the clan of the Matrites ... Yahweh chose Saul son of Kish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/22.md b/1sa/10/22.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..12ec58946e --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/10/22.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# he was taller than any of the people from his shoulders upward + +The other tall people in Israel did not even come up to his shoulders. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 9:2](../09/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/24.md b/1sa/10/24.md deleted file mode 100644 index 03f9a29f38..0000000000 --- a/1sa/10/24.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/25.md b/1sa/10/25.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..db4c5ad025 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/10/25.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# the customs and rules of kingship + +The abstract noun "kingship" can be translated with a noun clause. AT: "the customs and rules that a king would be required to follow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/26.md b/1sa/10/26.md index 07042c3f89..079f5a106a 100644 --- a/1sa/10/26.md +++ b/1sa/10/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## whose hearts God had touched ## +# whose hearts God had touched -AT: "who God had blessed." (See: [[[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +God touching a person's heart is an idiom that means God put something in their mind or moved them to do something. AT: "who wanted to go with Saul because God had changed their thinking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## How can this man save us? ## +# How can this man save us? -AT; "This man has no power to save us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This is a rhetorical question that is used to express sarcasm. AT: "This man has no power to save us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## despised ## +# despised -AT: "strongly disliked" \ No newline at end of file +"strongly disliked" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/10/intro.md b/1sa/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f9b40b098c --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# 1 Samuel 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the first chapter about King Saul. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Saul as the New King ##### +Samuel told Saul that God had chosen him to be king, and on the way home he would meet some prophets. Saul would then begin prophesying and God would give him the Holy Spirit to help him to know what to do. Samuel told everyone to come to Mizpah where he announced that God had chosen Saul to be their king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +This chapter uses rhetorical questions to express different ideas: to state a fact ("Has not Yahweh anointed you to be a ruler over his inheritance?"), to express surprise ("And who is their father?"), to say he is someone very special ("Do you see the man that Yahweh has chosen?"), and to express contempt ("How can this man save us?"). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +##### Idioms ##### + +Samuel frequently uses idioms when prophesying: "going to God" means "going to worship God"; "take it from their hands" means "accept their gift"; "rush upon you" means "control you"; "hand finds to do" means "what you think you should do"; "God is with you" means "God is directing you"; "another heart" means "a different way of thinking"; "came to pass" means "happened"; "before Yahweh" means "to do work for Yahweh"; and "hearts God had touched" means "God had made them want to help Saul." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/11/01.md b/1sa/11/01.md index 35b376f160..ee97bad59c 100644 --- a/1sa/11/01.md +++ b/1sa/11/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Some men had just refused to be loyal to Saul's leadership. +# Nahash -## Nahash ## +This is a man from Ammon, a descendent of Lot, Abraham's nephew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This is a man from Ammon descendent of Lot, Abraham's nephew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Jabesh Gilead -## Jabesh Gilead ## +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This is the name of a place. +# I gouge out -## I gouge out ## +"I cut out" or "I pluck out" -"I cut out" or "I scoop out" - -## bring disgrace on ## +# bring disgrace on "bring shame on" or "bring a bad reputation to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/11/03.md b/1sa/11/03.md index 08ae6ff4a3..4cd46f1c88 100644 --- a/1sa/11/03.md +++ b/1sa/11/03.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -The people of Jabesh reply to Nahash. - -## seven days ## +# seven days "7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/11/04.md b/1sa/11/04.md index b1f88446ef..e78af49777 100644 --- a/1sa/11/04.md +++ b/1sa/11/04.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -This is Saul's first act as king. \ No newline at end of file +# Gibeah + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/11/06.md b/1sa/11/06.md index 78ffa2c2dd..3f6db5daba 100644 --- a/1sa/11/06.md +++ b/1sa/11/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## the Spirit of God rushed upon him ## +# the Spirit of God rushed upon him -"the Spirit of God came upon him" +The phrase "rushed upon" means Yahweh's Spirit influenced Saul. In this case he enabled Saul to cause the people to fearfully respect him as their king and to join his army. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 10:6](../10/05.md). -## does not come out after ## +# does not come out after -Saul was calling all the men of Israel to come fight against Nahash and the ammonites. +Saul was calling all the men of Israel to come fight against Nahash and the Ammonites. -## Then the terror of Yahweh fell on the people ## +# Then the terror of Yahweh fell on the people Yahweh enabled people to fearfully respect Saul as their king. The result was that the men rallied together with Saul at Bezek. -## Bezek ## +# Bezek This is the name of a town near Jabesh Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the people of Israel were three hundred thousand, and the men of Judah thirty thousand ## +# the people of Israel were three hundred thousand, and the men of Judah thirty thousand -the people of Israel were 300,000, and the men of Judah were 30,000" ( See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the people of Israel were 300,000, and the men of Judah were 30,000" ( See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/11/09.md b/1sa/11/09.md index 29509e51fc..797d14166a 100644 --- a/1sa/11/09.md +++ b/1sa/11/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## They said to the messengers ## +# They said to the messengers "They" refers to Samuel and Saul. -## by the time the sun is hot ## +# by the time the sun is hot -AT: "before the hottest part of the day" or "before noon." +"before the hottest part of the day" or "before noon" -## Jabesh Gilead...Jabesh ## +# Jabesh Gilead ... Jabesh -See how you translated these places in [1 Samuel 11:1](./01.md). +These are the names of places. See how you translated them in [1 Samuel 11:01](./01.md). -## Nahash ## +# Nahash -This is the name of a king. See how you translated this name in [1 Samuel 11:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a king. See how you translated this name in [1 Samuel 11:01](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/11/11.md b/1sa/11/11.md index 034dc814ab..91e7219bac 100644 --- a/1sa/11/11.md +++ b/1sa/11/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the morning watch ## +# the morning watch -This was before dawn when most of the camp was still asleep. \ No newline at end of file +This was before dawn when most people in the camp were still asleep. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/11/12.md b/1sa/11/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 03bf5debf0..0000000000 --- a/1sa/11/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no Notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/11/14.md b/1sa/11/14.md index 580e13bb7b..f696f5797b 100644 --- a/1sa/11/14.md +++ b/1sa/11/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## made Saul king before Yahweh ## +# made Saul king before Yahweh "made Saul king while Yahweh watched" -## There they sacrificed peace offerings before Yahweh ## +# There they sacrificed peace offerings before Yahweh Part of Samuel's service to Yahweh is to offer sacrifices even though he is not from the line of Aaron or Levi. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/11/intro.md b/1sa/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5bd1d6a71 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 1 Samuel 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues the story of King Saul by telling of his first victory in war. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Saul rescues the people of Jabesh Gilead ##### + +Nahash, king of the Ammonites, and his army surrounded the Israeli town of Jabesh Gilead. When the city's leaders asked for peace terms, Nahash demanded the right to poke out one eye of every man in order to show Israel their weakness. When Saul heard this, he called for all of Israel to help save this city. Many people came to help Saul's army. Israel was victorious and everyone wanted Saul as their king. At this time, Israel was not a truly unified country, even though it is often spoken of as one country. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idioms ##### + +The idioms in this chapter explain the effect God has on his people: "rushed upon him" means "empowered him"; "terror ... fell" means "they became afraid"; "as one man" means "they all agreed"; and "put to death" means "kill." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/01.md b/1sa/12/01.md index e95773e09e..0256f5067f 100644 --- a/1sa/12/01.md +++ b/1sa/12/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the king walking before you…I have walked before you… ## +# the king walking before you ... I have walked before you -These expressions mean that people can actually see the kind of lives Saul and Samuel are living. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +These expressions mean that people can actually see the kind of lives Saul and Samuel are living. AT: "the king's life was seen ... My life was seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/03.md b/1sa/12/03.md index 6700e12111..a15ffd52a6 100644 --- a/1sa/12/03.md +++ b/1sa/12/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Here I am; testify against me before Yahweh and before his anointed one ## +# Here I am; testify against me before Yahweh and before his anointed one -AT: "I stand in front of you now. I ask you to speak in front of God and his anointed king if I have done you any wrong." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +By this statement, Samuel is challenging the people to speak up if he has done anything wrong to anyone. AT: "I stand in front of you now. I ask you to speak in front of Yahweh and his anointed king if I have done you any wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Whose ox have I taken? Whose donkey have I taken? ## +# Whose ox have I taken? Whose donkey have I taken? -AT:"I have never stolen a prized animal from anyone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Samuel uses rhetorical questions to remind the people that he has never stolen their animals. AT: "I have never stolen a prized animal from anyone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Whom have I defrauded? ## +# Whom have I defrauded? -AT:"I have never cheated or bribed any man." +Samuel uses another rhetorical question to say he has always been honest. AT: "I have never cheated or bribed any man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Testify against me, and I will restore it to you ## +# Testify against me, and I will restore it to you -AT: "If I have done any of these evil things, speak now and I will pay back what I owe. I will make right any wrong." \ No newline at end of file +"If I have done any of these evil things, speak now, and I will pay back what I owe. I will make right any wrong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/04.md b/1sa/12/04.md index f476e7f5e3..348d90cf76 100644 --- a/1sa/12/04.md +++ b/1sa/12/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## from any man’s hand… in my hand ## +# from any man's hand ... in my hand -These phrases mean what a person possesses or what they have done to bring favor from others. This is a polite way of saying he has not stolen nor has he given or taken bribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These phrases mean what a person possesses or what they have done to obtain favor from others. This is a polite way of saying he has not stolen, nor has he given or taken bribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/06.md b/1sa/12/06.md index 915e12a337..e916346448 100644 --- a/1sa/12/06.md +++ b/1sa/12/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## all of the righteous deeds of Yahweh ## +# all of the righteous deeds of Yahweh -Samuel is calling their attention to the history of Yahweh's dealing with Israel, which has been filled with goodness and purpose. \ No newline at end of file +Samuel is calling their attention to the history of Yahweh's dealing with Israel, which has been filled with goodness and purpose. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/08.md b/1sa/12/08.md index 443b7cd4cf..ffdcc4e2e8 100644 --- a/1sa/12/08.md +++ b/1sa/12/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Jacob… Moses… Aaron… Sisera… Hazor… ## +# into the hand of Sisera ... Philistines ... king of Moab -These are the names of men. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"into the power of Sisera ... Philistines ... king of Moab" -## he sold them ## +# Jacob ... Moses ... Aaron ... Sisera -This is an expression for God giving them over to their enemies to be their slaves. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## into the hand of Sisera... Philistines... king of Moab ## +# Hazor -"into the power of Sisera... Philistines... king of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he sold them + +This is an expression for God giving them over to their enemies to be their slaves. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/10.md b/1sa/12/10.md index f0877bd2ac..275430b96a 100644 --- a/1sa/12/10.md +++ b/1sa/12/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## They cried out to Yahweh ## +# They cried out to Yahweh -The word "they" here refers to the nation of Israel. +"They" refers to the nation of Israel. -## have served the Baals and the Ashtoreths ## - -AT: "have worshipped false gods and goddesses" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## the hand of our enemies ## - -"the power or control of our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## Jerub Baal ## +# Jerub Baal This is sometimes translated Jerubbaal. This is a name of godly honor and strength to fight the false god. -## Yahweh sent... and gave you victory ## +# Yahweh sent ... and gave you victory -Samuel is telling the story of what God did after the people's confession of sin and plea for help. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Samuel is telling the story of what God did after the people's confession of sin and plea for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Jerub Baal, Bedan, Jephthah, and Samuel ## +# Jerub Baal, Bedan, Jephthah, and Samuel -These are the names of some judges that God raised up. Samuel included himself in this list. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of some judges that God raised up. Samuel included himself in this list. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# have served the Baals and the Ashtoreths + +Serving here is referring to acting worshipful towards the false gods. AT: "have worshiped false gods and goddesses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hand of our enemies + +This statement is using "hand" to refer to power. AT: "the power or control of our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/12.md b/1sa/12/12.md index d5d256a958..968b43eff2 100644 --- a/1sa/12/12.md +++ b/1sa/12/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -Samuel continues to rebuke the nation of Israel. +# No! Instead, a king must reign over us -## No! Instead, a king must reign over us ## +This statement shows the nation of Israel's strong reaction against Samuel when he told them about trusting God because God delivered them in the past. -This phrase shows the nation of Israel's strong reaction against Samuel when he told them about trusting God because God delivered them in the past. +# whom you have chosen, whom you have asked for -## whom you have chosen, whom you have asked for ## - -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that this is the king whom the people wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/14.md b/1sa/12/14.md index ef713ee80b..9d9d72c7e1 100644 --- a/1sa/12/14.md +++ b/1sa/12/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## fear... serve... obey... not rebel... ## +# fear ... serve ... obey ... not rebel -These similar words are used to emphasize how important this is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These similar words are used to emphasize how important this is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Yahweh's hand will be against you, as it was against your ancestors. ## +# Yahweh's hand will be against you, as it was against your ancestors -The word "hand" here represents Yahweh's power and control. AT: "Yahweh will punish you, just as he punished your ancestors." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people as his "hand" being against them. The word "hand" here represents Yahweh's power and control. AT: "Yahweh will punish you, just as he punished your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/16.md b/1sa/12/16.md index 89f032bd6a..79cd12038b 100644 --- a/1sa/12/16.md +++ b/1sa/12/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## before your eyes ## +# before your eyes -The word "eyes" here represents the people of the nation of Israel. AT: "out in the open where all of the nation of Israel may see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "eyes" here represents the people of the nation of Israel. AT: "out in the open where all of the nation of Israel may see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Is it not the wheat harvest today? ## +# Is it not the wheat harvest today? -Harvest time normally comes at the start of the dry season. AT:"it is the time of the harvest and no rainstorms are present during this time." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Samuel knows it is harvest time. He is using a rhetorical question to emphasize that it does not usually rain at this time so the people will know that the rain that will ruin their harvest is a judgment from Yahweh. AT: "It is harvest time and does not usually rain at this time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## he may send thunder and rain ## +# he may send thunder and rain -Rain is not good during the harvest. The grains need to be kept dry so that they do not rot in storage during the winter months. - -## the people greatly feared Yahweh ## - -Israel is relearning what it means to fear Yahweh. A lesson that was not past down from one generation to the next. \ No newline at end of file +Samuel is asking Yahweh to punish Israel for asking for a king by sending a rainstorm during the harvest which will ruin the grain. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/19.md b/1sa/12/19.md index 29039d8ba3..8ef930ec05 100644 --- a/1sa/12/19.md +++ b/1sa/12/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## so that we do not die ## +# so that we do not die The ultimate punishment for sin is death. The nation of Israel had seen Yahweh destroy the nations that had oppressed them. They were concerned that they had become "dedicated for destruction" like those nations. -## Do not be afraid. ## +# Do not be afraid -AT: "Do not fear God's destruction and wrath because of this sin." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +The people did evil and were afraid of God destroying them. AT: "Do not be afraid that God will be angry and destroy you because of this sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## turn away after empty things ## +# turn away after empty things -AT: "to pursue worship of false gods." \ No newline at end of file +"pursue worship of false gods" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/22.md b/1sa/12/22.md index 98a994ece0..8d688a5cb9 100644 --- a/1sa/12/22.md +++ b/1sa/12/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## For the sake of his great name ## +# For the sake of his great name -Here "name" refers to the reputation of Yahweh. "So that honor and respect for Yahweh will continue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "name" refers to the reputation of Yahweh. AT: "So that people will continue to honor and respect Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## far be it from me that I should sin against Yahweh by ceasing to pray for you. ## +# far be it from me that I should sin against Yahweh by ceasing to pray for you -The people are filled with fear because of the rain and thunder that Yahweh sent when Samuel prayed. Some may believe Samuel would use his prayers to harm them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people are filled with fear because of the rain and thunder that Yahweh sent when Samuel prayed. Some people may believe Samuel would use his prayers to harm them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/24.md b/1sa/12/24.md deleted file mode 100644 index 202a89696a..0000000000 --- a/1sa/12/24.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -No translation notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/12/intro.md b/1sa/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ecc9d45778 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Samuel 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Samuel's farewell address ##### +This chapter serves as a type of farewell address. This is a way for leaders to give instructions to their followers before they leave or die. Samuel first established his holiness before calling on the people to repent of their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +It is common in Scripture to use Israel's history to show how faithful God has been. This gives the readers evidence to trust in Yahweh in their current situation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/01.md b/1sa/13/01.md index d8b08d2b68..b4f965493e 100644 --- a/1sa/13/01.md +++ b/1sa/13/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Samuel has renewed Saul's kingdom at Gilgal and Samuel has reminded the people to follow the Lord. -## The rest of the soldiers he sent home ## +# Saul was thirty years old ... over Israel -"He sent the rest of the soldiers home" +The text of this verse in ancient copies seems to have been mutilated, so modern versions have many different translations. They are all attempts to represent the most probable meaning of the original text. -## chose three thousand men ## +# chose three thousand men "chose 3,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Two thousand were with him in Michmash ## +# Two thousand were with him -"2,000 were with him in Mishmash" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"2,000 men were with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Gibeah of Benjamin ## +# Michmash -See how you translated "Gibeah" in [1 Samuel 10:26](../10/26.md) \ No newline at end of file +name of a city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gibeah of Benjamin + +Gibeah is a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:26](../10/26.md). + +# The rest of the soldiers he sent home + +"He sent the rest of the soldiers home" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/03.md b/1sa/13/03.md index 70f4926650..0db77e5bcb 100644 --- a/1sa/13/03.md +++ b/1sa/13/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## garrison of the Philistines ## +# garrison of the Philistines -AT: "military base of the Philistines" or "military camp of the Philistines" +"military base of the Philistines" or "military camp of the Philistines" -## Geba ## +# Geba -The name of the town that the Philistine garrison was stationed in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of the town that the Philistine garrison was stationed in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## All Israel heard that Saul had defeated ## +# All Israel heard that Saul had defeated Possible meanings are that 1) Saul was taking responsibility for Jonathan's actions or 2) Saul was taking credit for Jonathan's actions. -## rotten smell ## +# Israel had become a rotten smell to the Philistines -The nation of Israel is compared to a "rotten smell." AT: "offensive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The Philistines hating the Israelites is spoken of as if the Israelites had become a bad smell that offended the Philistines. AT: "the Philistines hated the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the soldiers were summoned together to join Saul at Gilgal ## +# the soldiers were summoned together to join Saul at Gilgal -"Saul called the soldiers together to join him at Gilgal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Saul called the soldiers together to join him at Gilgal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/05.md b/1sa/13/05.md index 61e2a8ac56..aff4598f73 100644 --- a/1sa/13/05.md +++ b/1sa/13/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## three thousand chariots ## +# three thousand ... six thousand -some versions read "30,000 chariots" but this seems to be a problem in the Hebrew text that has not been resolved. +"3,000 ... 6,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## three thousand and six thousand ## +# troops as numerous as the sand on the seashore -3,000 and 6,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This is an exaggeration that means a group of soldiers so large that it was difficult to count them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## troops as numerous as the sand on the seashore ## - -A group of soldiers so large that it was difficult to count them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) - -## Michmash ## +# Michmash This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Beth Aven ## +# Beth Aven This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/06.md b/1sa/13/06.md index 4d6eab3f90..18b594abf3 100644 --- a/1sa/13/06.md +++ b/1sa/13/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The Philistines had gathered together to fight against Israel. -## the people ## +# the people -this phrase refers to the nation of Israel. +This phrase refers to the nation of Israel. -## the people were distressed ## +# the people were distressed -AT: "the people worried greatly". +"the people worried greatly" -## land of Gad and Gilead ## - -See how you translated "Gilead" in [1 Samuel 7:15](../07/15.md). - -## followed him trembling ## +# followed him trembling The people were greatly afraid. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/08.md b/1sa/13/08.md index 59801056da..35b39f951f 100644 --- a/1sa/13/08.md +++ b/1sa/13/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the time Samuel had set ## +# the time Samuel had set -AT: "according to the time Samuel had told them he would come" +"according to the time Samuel had told them he would come" -## the people were scattering from Saul ## +# the people were scattering from Saul -AT: "the people had started to leave Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people had started to leave Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Then he offered the burnt offering ## +# Then he offered the burnt offering Only the line of Aaron was permitted to perform the burnt offering sacrifice to God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/11.md b/1sa/13/11.md index 11edda895a..1598ed2740 100644 --- a/1sa/13/11.md +++ b/1sa/13/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## What have you done ## +# What have you done -Samuel was not really asking a question, but a rebuke to Saul, but Saul sought to defend his actions even though they were wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Samuel was not really asking a question, but giving a rebuke to Saul. Saul sought to defend his actions even though they were wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Michmash ## +# Michmash -See how you translated "Michmash" in [1 Samuel 13:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +Michmash is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:02](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/13.md b/1sa/13/13.md index c4f154996d..21e1f8e759 100644 --- a/1sa/13/13.md +++ b/1sa/13/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Saul told Samuel why he had acted wrongfully as priest and given the offering. +# You have not kept the command of Yahweh -## You have not kept the command of Yahweh ## +Saul was to wait for Samuel to come and sacrifice the burnt offering to God. He was not to perform the sacrifice himself. -Saul was to wait for Samuel to come and sacrifice the burn offering to God. Not perform the sacrifice himself. - -## established your rule ## +# established your rule "set up your rule" or "authorized your rule" or "appointed your rule" -## a man after his own heart ## +# your rule will not continue -This phrase means "will follow his command," it uses "heart" to represent the desire or will of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a litotes that can be stated in the positive form. AT: "your rule will end soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# a man after his own heart + +Here "heart" represents Yahweh's desire or will. The phrase "man after his own heart" is an idiom that means to be a person who does what Yahweh desires. AT: "a man who is the kind of person he wants" or "a man who will obey him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/15.md b/1sa/13/15.md index 2dfbf4d335..994f410da3 100644 --- a/1sa/13/15.md +++ b/1sa/13/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Samuel arose and went up ## +# Samuel arose and went up -This is an expression for "Samuel left and went up to..." (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom for "Samuel left and went up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## went up from Gilgal ## +# went up from Gilgal -See how you translated "Gilgal" in [1 Samuel 7:15](../07/15.md). +Gilgal is a city. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 7:15](../07/15.md). -## Gibeah of Benjamin ## +# Gibeah of Benjamin -See how you translated "Gibeah" in [1 Samuel 10:26](../10/26.md) +Gibeah is a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:26](../10/26.md). -## six hundred men ## +# six hundred men "600 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Geba of Benjamin ## +# Geba of Benjamin -See how you translated "Geba" is in [1 Samuel 13:3](./03.md). +Geba is a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:03](./03.md). -## Philistines camped at Michmash ## +# Philistines camped at Michmash -See how you translated "Michmash" in [1 Samuel 13:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +Michmash is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:02](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/17.md b/1sa/13/17.md index f49c179625..c0619a1a5b 100644 --- a/1sa/13/17.md +++ b/1sa/13/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Raiders came ## +# Raiders came -Raiders are normally army people who attack enemy villages for their food and other supplies. +Raiders are normally military people who attack enemy villages for their food and other supplies. -## Ophrah, to the land of Shual...Bethhoron...valley of Zeboim ## +# Ophrah, to the land of Shual ... Beth Horon ... Valley of Zeboyim -These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]].) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/19.md b/1sa/13/19.md index 5f68f89d7a..8417fbaa83 100644 --- a/1sa/13/19.md +++ b/1sa/13/19.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + The narrative shifts to background information regarding blacksmiths in Israel. -## No blacksmith could be found ## +# No blacksmith could be found -"No one could find a blacksmith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one could find a blacksmith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## blacksmith ## +# blacksmith -"blacksmith" refers to someone who made or sharpened metal tools and weapons. +Here "blacksmith" refers to someone who made or sharpened metal tools and weapons. -## sharpen his plow points ## +# sharpen his plow points -The words "plow points" refers to the point of a metal tool used for digging up the ground for planting crops. +The words "plow points" refer to the point of a metal tool used for digging up the ground for planting crops. -## their mattock, axe, and sickle ## +# mattock ... ax ... sickle -A "mattox" is broad-bladed axe, with a horizontal blade that is used for breaking up hard soil. These are common garden tools. +These are common garden tools. -## sickle ## +# mattock -A curved blade for cutting grasses and grain stalks +A "mattock" is a broad-bladed axe, with a horizontal blade that is used for breaking up hard soil. -## two thirds of a shekel ## +# sickle -The shekel is divided into 3 parts, 2 of 3 parts are given. "2/3 of a shekel" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +a curved blade for cutting grasses and grain stalks -## straightening the metal tip of an ox goads ## +# two-thirds of a shekel -AT: "take out the bend and made the goad straight again so it could be used" \ No newline at end of file +The shekel is divided into 3 parts, 2 of 3 parts are given. "2/3 of a shekel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# straightening the goads + +"taking out the bend and making the ox goad straight again so it could be used" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/22.md b/1sa/13/22.md index 4dc8eacb28..6c94572fe7 100644 --- a/1sa/13/22.md +++ b/1sa/13/22.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + The narrative continues. -## there were no swords or spears ## +# there were no swords or spears This explains in part why Saul's army was afraid. They did not have any weapons to fight. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/13/intro.md b/1sa/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..31caa24a80 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 1 Samuel 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is the beginning of a story about Jonathan's victory over the Philistines. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Preparation for the battle ##### + +Saul sent most of his army home before Jonathan attacked and defeated a Philistine garrison. This attack made the Philistines very angry, and they brought a huge army into Israel and camped at the top of a hill. Most of Saul's army ran away in fear and hid from the Philistines. There are many aspects of this story that give the reader the impression that Israel was unprepared for battle. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Hyperbole ##### + +Wanting to express the vast number of enemy soldiers, the author uses a hyperbole: "as numerous as the sand on the seashore," meaning "too many to count." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/01.md b/1sa/14/01.md index 68775d9a78..9648a6fcff 100644 --- a/1sa/14/01.md +++ b/1sa/14/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Jonathan begins his second raid on the Philistine's army. +# General Information: -## Philistines’ garrison ## +Jonathan begins his second raid on the Philistines' army. + +# his young armor bearer + +a teenage boy who is responsible for caring for his master's weapons of war + +# Philistines' garrison This is an outpost staffed by the Philistine army. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/02.md b/1sa/14/02.md index fafe9e7454..39a364dc34 100644 --- a/1sa/14/02.md +++ b/1sa/14/02.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## Gibeah ## +# Gibeah This is the name of a hill north of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## under the pomegranate tree ## +# under the pomegranate tree -A tree whose fruit is thick skinned, round, red and has many seeds to eat. +a tree whose fruit is thick skinned, round, red and has many seeds to eat -## that is in Migron ## +# that is in Migron -"Migron" is the name of a place north of Jerusalem. +"Migron" is the name of a place north of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## six hundred men were with him ## +# six hundred men were with him "600 men were with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother ## +# son of Ahitub (Ichabod's brother) -"Ahitub" is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Ahitub" and "Ichabod" are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Ichabod ## +# Phinehas son of Eli -"Ichabod" is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Phinehas, the son of Eli ## - -See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:3](../01/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +Phinehas was one of the priests. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:03](../01/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/04.md b/1sa/14/04.md index 155464af49..d1ba35b697 100644 --- a/1sa/14/04.md +++ b/1sa/14/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Between the passes, by which Jonathan intended to cross over ## +# One rocky cliff was called Bozez -AT: "Jonathan planned to go between the two cliffs" +A "cliff" is a rocky height with a steep drop. The cliff was well-known and given the name "Bozez." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## one cliff was Bozez ## +# the other rocky cliff was called Seneh -The word "cliff" refers to a rocky height with a steep drop. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This was the name of the other cliff. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the other was Seneh ## +# Michmash -a name of a cliff. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Michmash" was a town north of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in front of Michmash ## +# Geba -"Michmash" was a town north of Jerusalem. - -## in front of Geba ## - -"Geba" was a town north of Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +"Geba" was a town north of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/06.md b/1sa/14/06.md index 13c288c523..f4be6fa467 100644 --- a/1sa/14/06.md +++ b/1sa/14/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## his young armor bearer ## +# his young armor bearer -a teenage boy who is responsible for caring for his master's weapons of war. +This was a teenage boy who was responsible for caring for his master's weapons of war. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 14:1](./01.md). -## uncircumcised fellows ## +# uncircumcised fellows -a derrogatory term used for non-Jewish men. +a derogatory term used for non-Jewish men -## work on our behalf ## +# work on our behalf -"work for our support" or "help us" \ No newline at end of file +"work for our support" or "help us" + +# nothing can stop Yahweh from saving + +This double negative can be stated in positive form. AT: "Yahweh can save" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# by many or by few people + +These extremes also include everything in between. AT: "by any number of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# everything that is in your heart + +Here "heart" refers to Jonathan's desires. AT: "everything that you desire to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/08.md b/1sa/14/08.md index 160d5117ed..a3ac8264bd 100644 --- a/1sa/14/08.md +++ b/1sa/14/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## cross over to the men ## +# will not cross over to them -The Philistines are on the other side of the valley from Jonathan and his armor bearer. +"will not go over to the other side of the valley where the Philistines are" -## given them into our hand ## +# has given them into our hand -AT: "The Lord will enable us to defeat them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "hand" refers to the power to defeat them. AT: "will enable us to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## This will be the sign to us ## +# This will be the sign to us -AT "This will be confirmation that the Lord will be with us. \ No newline at end of file +"This will confirm that the Lord will be with us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/11.md b/1sa/14/11.md index 22b1ce494c..9ed5cdfb84 100644 --- a/1sa/14/11.md +++ b/1sa/14/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## the hand of Israel ## +# revealed themselves to the garrison of the Philistines -Into the control of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +"allowed the Philistine soldiers to see them" + +# the garrison + +the army camp + +# coming out of the holes where they have hidden themselves + +The Philistines implied that the Hebrews had been hiding in holes in the ground like animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we will show you something + +This is an idiom that means "we will teach you a lesson." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# has given them into the hand of Israel + +Here "hand" refers to power to defeat the Philistines. AT: "will enable Israel to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/13.md b/1sa/14/13.md index b819a32246..e6238faf36 100644 --- a/1sa/14/13.md +++ b/1sa/14/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## The Philistines were put to death before Jonathan ## +# Jonathan climbed up on his hands and feet -AT: "Jonathan killed the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +He did this because it was very steep. This could be made explicit. AT: "So Jonathan climbed up, using his hands and his feet because it was very steep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## his armor bearer put some to death behind him ## +# The Philistines were put to death before Jonathan -Jonathan's armor bearer followed behind Jonathan and also killed Philistine soldiers. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jonathan killed the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## killed about twenty men in about half a furrow’s length in an acre of land ## +# his armor bearer put some to death behind him -This phrase shows that Jonathan killed the men quickly one directly following the next. - -## furrow's ## - -A "furrow" is about one half of an acre. \ No newline at end of file +"Jonathan's armor bearer followed him and also killed Philistine soldiers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/15.md b/1sa/14/15.md index f17ce9ea91..0cac1035a4 100644 --- a/1sa/14/15.md +++ b/1sa/14/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## There was a panic ## +# There was a panic in the camp, in the field, and among the people -"There was extreme fear" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "panic" can be translated as a verb or as an adjective. AT: "The Philistine soldiers in the camp and in the field, and all the people with them, panicked" or "The Philistine soldiers in the camp and in the field, and all the people with them, became very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the raiders + +the Philistines who were raiding Israelite cities + +# The earth quaked + +It may be helpful to state the cause. AT: "God caused the ground to shake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/16.md b/1sa/14/16.md index ff67d50277..f46b51e961 100644 --- a/1sa/14/16.md +++ b/1sa/14/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## watchmen ## +# Gibeah -Here the term refers to men who were watching to see if enemies were coming. +This was the town where Saul was born. Translated "Gibeah" as in [1 Samuel 10:26](../10/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gibeah ## +# was dispersing ... going here and there -See how you translated "Gibeah" in [1 Samuel 10:26](../10/26.md). - -## was dispersing...going here and there ## - -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the soldiers were running away in every direction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/18.md b/1sa/14/18.md index 66cfeb240a..0327348a9a 100644 --- a/1sa/14/18.md +++ b/1sa/14/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## commotion ## +# Bring the ark of God here + +A few versions have "ephod" here instead of "ark of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +# commotion "great noise and confusion" -## Remove your hand ## +# Withdraw your hand -The word "hand" here represents action by the priest. AT: "Stop what you are doing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This seems to be an idiom the means "Stop what you are doing." Saul did not want Ahijah to continue to use the ark to ask God for direction. AT: "Do not bring the sacred chest at this time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/20.md b/1sa/14/20.md index 5ad8759f5e..5f875f108f 100644 --- a/1sa/14/20.md +++ b/1sa/14/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the people who were with him ## +# the people who were with him -the remnant of the Israelite army that remained with Saul. \ No newline at end of file +the remnant of the Israelite army that remained with Saul + +# Every Philistine's sword was against his fellow countrymen + +The swords are spoken of as if they were living people. AT: "The Philistine soldiers were striking each other with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/22.md b/1sa/14/22.md index ea4f4a3450..cb5720ddb1 100644 --- a/1sa/14/22.md +++ b/1sa/14/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Beth Aven ## +# the men of Israel who had hidden themselves in the hills -This is a place in Israel. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:5](../13/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This does not refer to an ambush. These soldiers were hiding because they were afraid of the Philistines. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "the Israelite soldiers who were afraid and had hidden themselves in the hills" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Beth Aven + +This is a place in Israel. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:05](../13/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/24.md b/1sa/14/24.md index 5da7399156..2fe478bbed 100644 --- a/1sa/14/24.md +++ b/1sa/14/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## So none of the troops tasted food ## +# So none of the troops tasted food It was understood by the troops that no refreshment was permitted under Saul's oath. -## no one put his hand to his mouth ## +# the people entered the forest -AT: "no one ate." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The Philistine soldiers fled through the forests and the Israelite soldiers followed them there. + +# the honey flowed + +This is an exaggeration to emphasize how much honey there was in the forest. AT: "there was a lot of honey everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# no one put his hand to his mouth + +Here putting one's "hand to his mouth" is a metonymy that means to eat. AT: "no one ate any" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the people feared the oath + +The people were not afraid of the oath, but of the punishment that was associated with breaking the oath. AT: "the people were afraid of what Saul would do to them if they broke his oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/27.md b/1sa/14/27.md index 36fa6edb38..a7dc29bf1e 100644 --- a/1sa/14/27.md +++ b/1sa/14/27.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Jonathan learns of his father's oath. -## his eyes brightened ## +# bound the people with an oath -This phrase means that strength was regained. AT: "his strength returned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the obligation to obey an oath is spoken of as if the people were bound with ropes. AT: "commanded that the people obey his oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He raised his hand to his mouth + +Here "hand to his mouth" is a metonymy that means to eat. AT: "He ate some honey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his eyes brightened + +This idiom means that he was strengthened. AT: "he regained his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/29.md b/1sa/14/29.md index 8eb1ebf746..8cc237e57b 100644 --- a/1sa/14/29.md +++ b/1sa/14/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the land ## +# for the land -This represents the nation of Israel. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is a metonymy that represents the nation of Israel. AT: "for Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## plunder ## +# my eyes have become brightened -This word refers to the things the people had taken from the battle with their enemy. +This idiom means that he was strengthened. AT: "I regained my strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Because now the slaughter has not been great ## +# How much better if the people ... that they found? -Because the troops were not able to refresh themselves during the battle, as the day progressed, they became weaker unable to press their advantage. \ No newline at end of file +Jonathan uses this hypothetical question to state that the people should have been allowed to eat. This can be a statement. AT: "Our victory would have been better if the people had eaten freely today of the plunder that they took from their enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# plunder + +This word refers to the things the people had taken from the battle with their enemy. + +# Because now the slaughter has not been great + +Because the troops were not able to eat during the battle, as the day progressed, they became weaker. Because of this, they were not able to kill as many of the Philistines. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/31.md b/1sa/14/31.md index b06908a5a1..3d43ddb5fa 100644 --- a/1sa/14/31.md +++ b/1sa/14/31.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Jonathan's words lead the army to sin against God in their great hunger. -## Michmash ## +# Michmash -See how you translated the name of this town in [1 Samuel 13:1](../13/01.md). +This is the name of a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:02](../13/01.md). -## Aijalon ## +# Aijalon "Aijalon" is a place in Zebulun in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## The people ## +# The people -This refers to the nation of Israel. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the Israelites. -## ate them with the blood ## +# ate them with the blood -The were so hungry they didn't drain the blood first before eating. This is a violation of the Law which was given to Moses for the nation of Israel. AT: "killed and ate with no preparation." \ No newline at end of file +The were so hungry they did not drain the blood first before eating. This was a violation of the Law which was given to Moses for the nation of Israel. This can be made explicit. AT: "ate them without draining the blood first as required by the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/33.md b/1sa/14/33.md index adec6e3a4a..5b62433532 100644 --- a/1sa/14/33.md +++ b/1sa/14/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## You have acted unfaithfully ## +# by eating with the blood -Saul is accusing his whole army of acting unfaithfully though it was not everyone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This was a violation of the Law which was given to Moses for the nation of Israel. This can be made explicit. AT: "by eating meat without draining the blood first as required by the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## 'Let every man...kill them here, and eat ## +# You have acted unfaithfully -Saul sought to stop the offense and gain back control of the army since most everyone had stopped fighting due to hunger and it being late in the day. \ No newline at end of file +Saul is accusing his whole army of acting unfaithfully though this is a generalization because not every soldier acted unfaithfully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Now, roll a big stone here to me + +The stone would hold the animals up and make it easier to drain the blood from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# kill them here, and eat + +This would allow Saul to observe if the blood was properly drained from the animals. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/35.md b/1sa/14/35.md index 39e3441fc4..5a8f0281e5 100644 --- a/1sa/14/35.md +++ b/1sa/14/35.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Saul had told the people to bring their animals to a big stone to kill and eat. -## Saul built an altar to Yahweh ## +# Saul built an altar to Yahweh -This was evidently different than the event that took place in [1 Samuel 13:8](../13/08.md) for here God did not rebuke Saul. \ No newline at end of file +It is unclear if Saul built this altar with the large stone that the people brought to him in [1 Samuel 14:33](./33.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/36.md b/1sa/14/36.md index cb95174768..befa1cf9c0 100644 --- a/1sa/14/36.md +++ b/1sa/14/36.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Saul seeks to continue the fight against the Philistines. -## Do whatever seems good to you ## +# let us not leave one of them alive + +This is stated in a negative way to emphasize the slaughter. It can be stated in positive form. AT: "let us kill every one of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Do whatever seems good to you Saul had the support of his army to continue the fight. -## But God did not answer him that day ## +# Let us approach God here -Saul did not have the support of God. \ No newline at end of file +Here "approaching God" is associated with asking him counsel. AT: "Let us ask God what we should do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# give them into the hand of Israel + +Here "hand" refers to the power to defeat them. AT: "enable us to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But God did not answer him that day + +This implies that God was not willing to help Saul. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/38.md b/1sa/14/38.md index 6edb34994a..50e824677e 100644 --- a/1sa/14/38.md +++ b/1sa/14/38.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## learn and see how this sin has happened ## +# the people -AT: "find who sinned" +This refers to the Israelites. -## the people ## +# learn and see how this sin has happened -This refers to the nation of Israel. +"find who sinned" -## But none of the men among all the people answered him ## +# even if it is in Jonathan my son, he will surely die -most people except the King knew that it was Jonathan who caused the army to sin. \ No newline at end of file +Saul stated this as a hypothetical situation because he did not believe that Jonathan was guilty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# But none of the men among all the people answered him + +The people remained silent because most of them knew that Jonathan had broken Saul's oath. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "His men knew who was guilty, but none of them said anything to Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/40.md b/1sa/14/40.md index 2328fe0a21..5f57a1bc1c 100644 --- a/1sa/14/40.md +++ b/1sa/14/40.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## show the Thummim ## +# Then he said to all Israel -Special stones used to determine God's divine intervention. A type of divination that is acceptable to God. \ No newline at end of file +This was a generalization since only the Israelite soldiers were present. AT: "Then he said to the Israelite soldiers who were there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# give the Thummim + +The Israelites at that time used special stones called the Urim and the Thummim to receive direction from God. AT: "Show us by means of the Thummim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Thummim + +This is a borrowed word from the original language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# Jonathan and Saul were taken by lot, but the army was exonerated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The lots indicated that either Jonathan or Saul was guilty, but the army was not guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then Jonathan was taken by lot + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then the lot indicated that Jonathan was guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/43.md b/1sa/14/43.md index 47a2ac22d2..979921cc0f 100644 --- a/1sa/14/43.md +++ b/1sa/14/43.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The lots had just showed that Jonathan had sinned. -## God do so and more also to me, if you do not die, Jonathan ## +# Tell me what you have done -Saul makes a second foolish oath in less than one day. \ No newline at end of file +"Tell me how you have sinned" or "Tell me what you have done that was wrong" + +# I will die + +Possible meanings are 1) "I am willing to die" or 2) "do I deserve to be executed because of doing that?" + +# God do so and more also to me, if you do not die, Jonathan + +Saul makes a second foolish oath in less than one day. AT: "May God kill me if I do not kill you, Jonathan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/45.md b/1sa/14/45.md index 85c9693ad3..68d842e1bc 100644 --- a/1sa/14/45.md +++ b/1sa/14/45.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The Army defends and protects Jonathan from Saul. -## "Should Jonathan die, who has accomplished this great victory for Israel? Far from it! ## +# Should Jonathan die, who has accomplished this great victory for Israel? Far from it! -The people scold Saul. AT: "Jonathan has just accomplished this great victory for Israel. He should surely not die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The people scold Saul. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Jonathan has just accomplished this great victory for Israel. He should surely not die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## As Yahweh lives ## +# As Yahweh lives The people were expressing their certainty that they would not let anything happen to Jonathan. -## not one hair of his head will fall to the ground ## +# not one hair of his head will fall to the ground -This exaggeration show how the people of Israel would protect Jonathan and keep him safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This exaggeration shows how the people of Israel would protect Jonathan and keep him safe. This litotes can be stated in a positive form. AT: "we will protect him from any harm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/47.md b/1sa/14/47.md index 7005cebf0d..083174e4d0 100644 --- a/1sa/14/47.md +++ b/1sa/14/47.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + For a brief period Saul served with great courage in defeating Israel's enemies. -## Israel ## +# Israel -This represents the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is a metonymy that represents the people of Israel. AT: "the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## from the hand of them ## +# Moab -The word "hand" represents control. AT: "out of the control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the people of Moab. AT: "the Moabites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Edom + +This refers to the people of Edom. AT: "the Edomites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Wherever he turned + +"Wherever he sent his army" + +# out of the hands + +The word "hand" represents control. AT: "out of the control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/49.md b/1sa/14/49.md index 6883fd695f..cf44dece0e 100644 --- a/1sa/14/49.md +++ b/1sa/14/49.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Background information on Saul's family. +# General Information: -## Ishvi... Malchishua ## +This is background information on Saul's family. -These are male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Ishvi ... Malki-Shua -## Merab... Michal ## +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -These are female names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Merab ... Michal -## Ahinoam... Ahimaz ## +These are names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -These are female names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Ahinoam ... Ahimaaz -## Abner... Ner... Kish... Abiel ## +These are names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -These are male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Abner ... Ner ... Kish ... Abiel + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/52.md b/1sa/14/52.md index 9ec5affd40..eee95810fc 100644 --- a/1sa/14/52.md +++ b/1sa/14/52.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## all the days of Saul ## +# all the days of Saul -AT: "all of Saul's life." \ No newline at end of file +"all of Saul's life" + +# he attached him to himself + +"he forced him to join his army" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/14/intro.md b/1sa/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9eb043a127 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 1 Samuel 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter completes the story of Jonathan's victory over the Philistines. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The battle against the Philistines ##### + +Jonathan took his armor bearer to where the Philistines were on the top of the hill. He said God could use a few people just as easily as he could use many people to win his battles. He and his armor bearer started killing the Philistines, and suddenly the Philistines began fighting each other or running away. The rest of Israel, who had hidden, came and chased the Philistines. Even though Israel had a king, God was still in control of the nation of Israel. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Special reference ##### + +The people of Israel often used the term "uncircumcised" to refer to Gentiles. Here it is used to mean the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/uncircumcised]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/01.md b/1sa/15/01.md index ca2a1af0a2..a1624b8683 100644 --- a/1sa/15/01.md +++ b/1sa/15/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Now go and attack Amalek and completely destroy all that they have. Do not spare them, but kill both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey. ## +# the words of Yahweh -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the message of Yahweh" + +# completely destroy all that they have ... kill both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey + +These two phrases mean the same thing. The second phrase gives specific details about what they are to destroy completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Do not spare them + +This negative statement emphasizes the completeness of the destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/04.md b/1sa/15/04.md index ed63c2d8df..1d58470f6c 100644 --- a/1sa/15/04.md +++ b/1sa/15/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## numbered them ## +# the people -AT:"counted them" +"the army" -## city of Telem ## +# numbered them -a city in southern Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"counted them" -## two hundred thousand men on foot, and ten thousand men of Judah. ## +# city of Telaim -200,000 men on foot, 10,000 men of Judah. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +a city in southern Judah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# two hundred thousand men on foot, and ten thousand men of Judah + +"200,000 men on foot, and 10,000 men of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/06.md b/1sa/15/06.md index 044acb23b5..bb778f25ec 100644 --- a/1sa/15/06.md +++ b/1sa/15/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Kenites ## +# Kenites -A nomad people group that had always been friendly to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +a nomad people group that had always been friendly to the nation of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Havilah... Shur ## +# Havilah ... Shur These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/08.md b/1sa/15/08.md index 16771b954b..9d8e4606d7 100644 --- a/1sa/15/08.md +++ b/1sa/15/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Saul ignores the ban on spoils on places Yahweh designated for total destruction. +# General Information: -## the edge of the sword ## +Yahweh had told Saul to destroy everything, but here Saul disobeys Yahweh's command. -The phrase, "the edge of the sword," here represents the army of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# he took Agag -## Saul...spared Agag ## +Here Saul represents himself accompanied by his army. AT: "Saul and his army took Agag" or "Saul and his army captured Agag" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he completely destroyed all the people with the edge of the sword + +The "edge of the sword" represents the swords and other weapons that soldiers used in battle. Here Saul represents himself accompanied by his army. AT: "they completely destroyed all of the people with their swords" or "they killed all of the people with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Saul ... spared Agag Saul disobeyed God by letting Agag live. -## as well as the best of the sheep... ## +# as well as the best of the sheep Saul disobeyed God by keeping the best of the livestock. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/10.md b/1sa/15/10.md index 2714484091..3ca34edbe0 100644 --- a/1sa/15/10.md +++ b/1sa/15/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## word of Yahweh came to Samuel ## +# the word of Yahweh came to Samuel, saying, -The phrase "word of Yahweh" means that God is speaking through Samuel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Samuel. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Samuel:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## has not performed my commandments ## +# It grieves me -Saul was to completely destroy everything and everyone. God had placed a ban on the Amalekites. But Saul permitted some livestock to live. \ No newline at end of file +"I am sorry" + +# he has turned back from following me + +Saul not obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if Saul had physically turned away from walking behind God. AT: "he has stopped following me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# has not performed my commandments + +"has not obeyed what I commanded him to do." Saul was to completely destroy everything and everyone. God had placed a ban on the Amalekites. But Saul permitted some livestock to live. + +# Samuel was angry + +Possible meanings are 1) Samuel was angry with Saul for his disobedience or 2) Samuel was disturbed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/12.md b/1sa/15/12.md index 4ab4e3ec63..66a5341d61 100644 --- a/1sa/15/12.md +++ b/1sa/15/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## he set up a monument to himself ## +# Samuel was told + +"Someone told Samuel" + +# he set up a monument to himself Saul was full of pride. -## I have fulfilled the command of Yahweh ## +# down to Gilgal -Saul failed to understand God's commands about the ban on nations slated for destruction by Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +Gilgal was lower in elevation than Carmel. + +# I have fulfilled the command of Yahweh + +It is not clear if Saul understood that he had not fully obeyed God's command to completely destroy the Amalekites. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/14.md b/1sa/15/14.md index 980962eeef..ce7c81834f 100644 --- a/1sa/15/14.md +++ b/1sa/15/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Samuel questions why Saul did not utterly destroyed the Amalekites. -## They have brought... the people spared ## +# bleating of sheep ... lowing of the oxen -The word "they" and the phrase "the people" here both represent Saul's army. +These are the sounds that these animals make. Your language may have different terms for these. -## Yahweh your God ## +# in my ears ... that I hear -Saul did not embrace Samuel's God as his God. \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean the same thing. Here "in my ears" refers to hearing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They have brought ... the people spared + +The word "they" and the phrase "the people" here both represent Saul's army. Saul is blaming the people rather than himself. + +# to sacrifice to Yahweh your God + +Saul is arguing that animals for sacrifice were an exception to Yahweh's command to destroy everything. + +# Yahweh your God + +Saul here does not describe Samuel's God as his own God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/17.md b/1sa/15/17.md index 305d5e94d1..fd71eb7774 100644 --- a/1sa/15/17.md +++ b/1sa/15/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## were you not made the head of the tribes of Israel? ## +# in your own sight -Saul knows that God made him king, this question is used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your own opinion" or "in your judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Why then did you not obey the voice of Yahweh, but instead you seized the booty and did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh? ## +# were you not made the head of the tribes of Israel? -This questions is asked to rebuke Saul for disobeying Yahweh. +Samuel uses this question to remind Saul of now much God had given him. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Yahweh made you the ruler of the tribes of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## but instead you seized the booty ## +# Why did you not obey ... Yahweh? -The Law of Moses specifically states when God instructs Israel to completely destroy a nation, nothing is to be kept. It is all marked for destruction as a burnt offering to God. Nothing was to be kept or brought back to camp. \ No newline at end of file +Samuel asks this question to rebuke Saul for disobeying Yahweh. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should have obeyed ... Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the voice of Yahweh + +Here "voice" refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. AT: "the things that Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but instead you seized the booty + +Samuel is accusing Saul of direct disobedience. Yahweh commanded Saul to completely destroy everything belonging to the Amalekites, and not to bring anything back to camp. + +# the booty + +"the plunder" or "the possessions you took from the enemy" + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +Here "sight" refers to Yahweh's thoughts or opinion. AT: "what Yahweh considers to be evil" or "what is evil in Yahweh's judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/20.md b/1sa/15/20.md index dc64e0db7d..1a4151f20b 100644 --- a/1sa/15/20.md +++ b/1sa/15/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## obeyed the voice of Yahweh ## +# I have indeed obeyed the voice of Yahweh -Saul thought he obeyed the command of Yahweh which Samuel had relayed to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This is an emphatic statement. It is unclear if Saul thought this was true, or if he was simply making excuses for his sin. -## Agag ## +# the voice of Yahweh -This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here "voice" refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. AT: "the things that Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Gilgal ## +# Agag -This is the name of a place. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of the king of the Amalekites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# But the people took + +This appears to be shifting the blame to the people. + +# things devoted to destruction + +"animals that Yahweh commanded them to destroy" + +# Gilgal + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/22.md b/1sa/15/22.md index 706e0f52e2..49f2aed229 100644 --- a/1sa/15/22.md +++ b/1sa/15/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## Has Yahweh as much delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of Yahweh? ## +# Has Yahweh as much delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of Yahweh? -This question emphasizes that Yahweh's character always puts obedience in front of sacrifices after disobedience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Samuel asks this question to emphasize that obedience is much more important than sacrifice. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Yahweh does not delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as in obeying his voice!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## as in obeying the voice of Yahweh ## +# the voice of Yahweh -Here the phrase "the voice of Yahweh" is representing the authority of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "voice" refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. AT: "the things that Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Obedience is better than sacrifice ## +# Obedience is better than sacrifice -God wanted Saul's complete obedience in the destruction of the Amalekites. Nothing in the land was fit for sacrifice. \ No newline at end of file +God wanted Saul's complete obedience in the destruction of the Amalekites. Nothing in the land was fit for sacrifice. + +# better than the fat of rams + +"better than to sacrifice the fat of rams as a burnt offering" + +# rebellion is like the sin of divination + +The abstract noun "rebellion" can be translated with a verb. AT: "to rebel is as sinful as practicing divination" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# stubbornness is like wickedness and iniquity + +The abstract noun "stubbornness" can be translated with a verb and the abstract noun "wickedness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "being stubborn is as bad as doing wicked things and practicing iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the word of Yahweh + +"Yahweh's message" or "Yahweh's command" + +# rejected you from being king + +"decided that you will no longer be king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/24.md b/1sa/15/24.md index 6a0ed6b578..8cb39b81da 100644 --- a/1sa/15/24.md +++ b/1sa/15/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## I was afraid of the people and obeyed their voice ## +# I have broken Yahweh's commandment -Saul put pleasing his army over obedience to God. AT: "I was afraid of the army's wishes so I followed them" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that means he had disobeyed the commandment. AT: "I have disobeyed what Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# because I was afraid of the people + +This is the reason Saul gives for not obeying God. AT: "because I was afraid of the soldiers" + +# obeyed their voice + +Here "voice" refers to what the soldiers asked Saul to do. AT: "did what they asked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# return with me + +Saul and Samuel were apparently talking in private away from the other people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/26.md b/1sa/15/26.md index c8ff312f76..6c4ad2dd29 100644 --- a/1sa/15/26.md +++ b/1sa/15/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## for you have rejected the word of Yahweh ## +# for you have rejected the word of Yahweh -Samuel made it clear that Saul understood that he was disobeying God at the time he did not kill Agag and kept the best animals. +Samuel made it clear that Saul understood that he was disobeying God at the time when he spared the best animals and did not kill Agag. -## the hem of his robe ## +# rejected the word of Yahweh -or "the edge of his robe" or "the fringe of his robe" \ No newline at end of file +"rejected Yahweh's command" or "rejected Yahweh's message." This means that he refused to obey Yahweh's command. AT: "refused to obey Yahweh's command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Saul took hold of the hem of his robe + +Saul did this to try to stop Samuel from leaving. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "Saul tried to stop him by grabbing the edge of Samuel's robe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the hem of his robe + +"the edge of his robe" or "the fringe of his robe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/28.md b/1sa/15/28.md index 064691e068..c77417a05a 100644 --- a/1sa/15/28.md +++ b/1sa/15/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Yahweh has torn the kingdom of Israel ## +# Yahweh has torn the kingdom of Israel -This refers back to the tearing of the robe in the previous chunk.AT: "Just as Saul tore the robe, Yahweh has torn the kingdom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This refers back to when Saul tore Samuel's robe in [1 Samuel 15:27](./26.md). This can be made explicit. AT: "Just as you tore my robe, Yahweh has torn the kingdom of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## from you today and has given it to a neighbor of yours ## +# has given it to a neighbor of yours, one who is better than you -God has already decided who should be the next king. +God had already decided who would be the next king after Saul. -## the Strength of Israel ## +# the Strength of Israel -This phrase refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh is referred to as "the Strength of Israel" because he gives strength to the Israelites. AT: "Yahweh, who is the strength of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will not lie nor change his mind + +This is stated as a negative to emphasize that God tells the truth. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "will always tell the truth and do what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# his mind + +This refers to his thoughts and decisions. AT: "what he has decided to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he is not a man, that he should change his mind + +This is stated as a negative to emphasize that God is trustworthy. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "he is God, and will do what he says he will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/30.md b/1sa/15/30.md index 574e7dfa85..48fcef256e 100644 --- a/1sa/15/30.md +++ b/1sa/15/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## But please honor me now before the elders ## +# But please honor me now before the elders -Saul was only interested in the appearance of being right with God. Not with actual repentance. +Saul may have been more interested in being honored by the people than in actually worshipping God. -## Turn again with me ## +# before the elders of my people and before Israel -AT: "come back with me" or "return with me." \ No newline at end of file +Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "before the people of Israel and the elders who lead them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Turn again with me + +"Come back with me" or "Return with me" + +# So Samuel turned again after Saul + +This implies that Samuel changed his mind, and that they went together to where the people were. AT: "So Samuel finally agreed to do that, and they went together back to where the people were" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/32.md b/1sa/15/32.md index 623ad83032..6156f9c085 100644 --- a/1sa/15/32.md +++ b/1sa/15/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Bring Agag...to me. ## +# Agag came to him confined with chains and said -Samuel is having to do Saul's job of executing Agag. +"They brought Agag to him bound by chains and Agag said" -## As your sword has made women childless, so shall your mother be childless among women. ## +# Surely the bitterness of death has past -Both of these phrase have similar meaning and are combined here for emphasis. AT: "Since you have killed people, you will also die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This idiom appears to mean that Agag no longer thought he would be killed. AT: "Surely I am no longer in danger or dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# As your sword has made women childless, so shall your mother be childless among women + +Both of these phrases have similar meaning and may be intended to be in poetic form. AT: "Since you have killed people, you will also be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# made women childless, so shall your mother be childless + +This is a polite way of referring to killing people. AT: "killed the sons of other women, so shall I kill your mother's son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Then Samuel chopped Agag to pieces + +Samuel is the one who completed this task that Yahweh commanded Saul to do. AT: "Then Samuel cut Agag into pieces with his sword" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/34.md b/1sa/15/34.md index 499ef53e70..a36a908594 100644 --- a/1sa/15/34.md +++ b/1sa/15/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Ramah... Gibeah ## +# Ramah ... Gibeah -These are the names of places. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## his house at Gibeah of Saul ## +# went up to his house at Gibeah -"his house" and "Gibeah of Saul" both refer to where Saul lives. AT: "His house at Gibeah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Gibeah was higher in elevation than Gilgal where Saul and Samuel had been talking. + +# Samuel did not see Saul until the day of his death + +This statement is very precise and should be translated carefully. Samuel died before Saul and did not see Saul again while he lived. However, Samuel did appear to Saul in [1 Samuel 28:11-19](../28/11.md) after Samuel died. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/15/intro.md b/1sa/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6a99c3f11a --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# 1 Samuel 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the end of the section on Saul and Samuel (8-15). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God wants total obedience ##### +Samuel told Saul that God wanted him to completely destroy the Amalekite people and animals. Saul fought the Amalekites and killed all the people except the king. He destroyed the animals that were not very good but saved the best animals. Saul told Samuel he had obeyed God's command. Samuel asked him about the animals Saul had. Saul said he had saved them for a sacrifice to God. God said that obedience was better than sacrifice. Because Saul had disobeyed him, God had chosen someone else to become king. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### +"He has turned back from following me" is an idiom meaning "he has stopped obeying me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +When Saul insisted that he had obeyed God, Samuel rebuked him with these rhetorical questions: "What then is this bleating of sheep in my ears, and the lowing of the oxen that I hear?"; "Though you are little in your own sight, were you not made the head of the tribes of Israel?"; "Why then did you not obey the voice of Yahweh, but instead you seized the booty and did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh?"; and "Has Yahweh as much delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of Yahweh?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/01.md b/1sa/16/01.md index 576208e749..33cd7545af 100644 --- a/1sa/16/01.md +++ b/1sa/16/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## How long will you mourn for Saul...king over Israel? ## +# How long will you mourn for Saul, since I have rejected him from being king over Israel? -AT: "Stop mourning for Saul...king over Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question is a rebuke from God and can be translated as a statement. AT: "Stop mourning that I rejected Saul from being king over Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Fill your horn with oil + +The term "horn" was sometimes used to refer to a "flask" that was shaped like a horn and was used for holding water or oil. A flask of oil was used for anointing a king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/02.md b/1sa/16/02.md index cb86baeee8..f9d64dd021 100644 --- a/1sa/16/02.md +++ b/1sa/16/02.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## How can I go? ## +# How can I go? -AT: "I can't go!" or "I am afraid to go." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Samuel uses a question to emphasize that he is worried about going to Bethlehem. AT: "I cannot go!" or "I am afraid to go." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# with you and say + +You can state the understood information. AT: "with you to Bethlehem and say to the people there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# say, 'I have come to sacrifice to Yahweh.' + +This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "say to the people there that you have come to sacrifice to Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/04.md b/1sa/16/04.md index 08fce29dfd..8e7681de58 100644 --- a/1sa/16/04.md +++ b/1sa/16/04.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# The elders of the city were trembling as they came to meet him + +It seems the elders were trembling because they were worried that Samuel came to rebuke them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# In peace + +This can be stated as a complete sentence. AT: "Yes, I have come in peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to set ... apart + +To set someone apart means to get that person ready for Yahweh's purposes by making sure that person is ritually clean according to the law of Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/06.md b/1sa/16/06.md index 4d30a130ff..200e1785c6 100644 --- a/1sa/16/06.md +++ b/1sa/16/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## When they came ## +# When they came -Here the word "they" refers to Jesse and his sons. +Here "they" refers to Jesse and his sons. -## he looked at Eliab ## +# he looked at Eliab -Here the word "he" refers to Samuel. +Here "he" refers to Samuel. -## For Yahweh does not see...Yahweh looks ## +# Eliab -AT: "For I, Yahweh, do not see...I, Yahweh, look" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of Jesse's oldest son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# standing before him + +Here "him" refers to Yahweh. + +# Yahweh does not see as man sees + +Here "see" means to evaluate something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For Yahweh does not see ... Yahweh looks + +Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "For I, Yahweh, do not see ... I, Yahweh, look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# on the heart + +Here "heart" represents a person's inner being. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/08.md b/1sa/16/08.md index 08fce29dfd..3f32a95bf5 100644 --- a/1sa/16/08.md +++ b/1sa/16/08.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# Abinadab ... Shammah + +These are names of Jesse's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# made him pass before Samuel + +"told him to go to Samuel" + +# Jesse then made Shammah pass by + +It is understood that Shammah passed by Samuel. AT: "Jesse then made Shammah pass before Samuel" or "Jesse then told Shammah to go to Samuel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/11.md b/1sa/16/11.md index aeec2debec..b11bf59546 100644 --- a/1sa/16/11.md +++ b/1sa/16/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## There remains yet the youngest ## +# There remains yet the youngest -"There is still one more, the youngest" \ No newline at end of file +"There is still my youngest son" + +# we will not sit down + +It is understood that they were waiting to sit down and eat. AT: "we will not sit down to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Now ... appearance + +The word "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator tells about a new person in the story. + +# this son was ruddy + +The word "ruddy" means David was healthy looking. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/13.md b/1sa/16/13.md index 08fce29dfd..46362610fa 100644 --- a/1sa/16/13.md +++ b/1sa/16/13.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# the horn of oil + +The term "horn" was sometimes used to refer to a "flask" that was shaped like a horn and was used for holding water or oil. A flask of oil was used for anointing a king. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 16:1](./01.md). + +# Samuel rose up and went + +It is implied that he rose up after they sat down to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The Spirit of Yahweh rushed on David + +The phrase "rushed on" means Yahweh's Spirit influenced David. In this case it means he enabled David to fulfill whatever Yahweh wanted him to do. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 10:6](../10/05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/14.md b/1sa/16/14.md index 4493b8e4c6..f2f80d8c49 100644 --- a/1sa/16/14.md +++ b/1sa/16/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## a harmful spirit from Yahweh ## +# Now -Here, the words "harmful spirit" may refer to either "a spirit that causes trouble" or "an evil spirit." +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. -## servants who are before ## +# harmful spirit -AT: "servants who attend you" \ No newline at end of file +This may refer to either a "spirit that causes trouble" or an "evil spirit." + +# Let our master now command + +The servants refer to Saul in the third person as "our master." AT: "We ask that you, our master, command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# command your servants who are before you to look + +The servants refer to themselves in the third person as "your servants." AT: "command us, your servants who attend to you, to look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# is on you + +"troubles you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/17.md b/1sa/16/17.md index 9066e770ca..cc55b5af9b 100644 --- a/1sa/16/17.md +++ b/1sa/16/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## a strong, courageous man ## +# a strong, courageous man -Possible meanings are 1) “a great warrior” or 2) “a very brave man”. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "a great warrior" or 2) "a very brave man." + +# one prudent in speech + +"one wise in speech" or "one who speaks wisely" + +# Yahweh is with him + +Here "with him" means Yahweh helps and blesses David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/20.md b/1sa/16/20.md index f702c7f72a..318c49535f 100644 --- a/1sa/16/20.md +++ b/1sa/16/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## he became his armor bearer ## +# David came to Saul -Here the word "he" refers to David and "his" refers to Saul. AT: "David became Saul's armor bearer" \ No newline at end of file +Here "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# entered his service + +The abstract noun "service" can be stated as a verb. AT: "began to serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he became his armor bearer + +"David became Saul's armor bearer" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/22.md b/1sa/16/22.md index 762bb65cd2..26c790a9ac 100644 --- a/1sa/16/22.md +++ b/1sa/16/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Let David stand before me ## +# Let David stand before me -AT: "Let David stay in my service" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "stand before me" is an idiom that means to continue in Saul's service. AT: "Let David stay in my service" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## harmful spirit from God ## +# he has found favor in my eyes -See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 16:14](./14.md). +Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and "my sight" represents how Saul judges or evaluates David. AT: "he has found favor in my judgment" or "I am pleased with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Saul would be refreshed and well ## +# harmful spirit -AT: "the music would refresh Saul and make him well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "harmful spirit" may refer to either a "spirit that causes trouble" or an "evil spirit." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 16:14](./14.md). + +# was upon Saul + +"troubled Saul" + +# Saul would be refreshed and well + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the music would refresh Saul and make him well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/16/intro.md b/1sa/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0a578f3f8f --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 1 Samuel 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### 1 Samuel 16-31 Saul and David ##### +Chapter 16 establishes God's choice of David to be the next king. David receives the Holy Spirit to empower and guide him as the king. This chapter also records the Holy Spirit leaving Saul because of his disobedience. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David chosen to be the next king ##### +Humans judge others by what they look like, but God judges people by their true inner character. God rejected David's older brothers in favor of David, who truly loved and obeyed him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +==Rhetorical Question == +God scolds Samuel with this rhetorical question for his unwillingness to accept God's decision: "How long will you mourn for Saul, since I have rejected him from being king over Israel?" It was wrong to mourn because it was God's punishment of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/01.md b/1sa/17/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index a8f5a60ea2..0000000000 --- a/1sa/17/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/02.md b/1sa/17/02.md index a8f5a60ea2..0bff195dcf 100644 --- a/1sa/17/02.md +++ b/1sa/17/02.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the Valley of Elah + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/04.md b/1sa/17/04.md index b4e237f727..959b93f0fa 100644 --- a/1sa/17/04.md +++ b/1sa/17/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## six cubits and a span ## +# six cubits and a span -A cubit is a unit of measurement equal to about 46 centimeters. A span is a unit of measurement equal to about 23 centimeters. AT: "about 3 meters" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +A cubit is a unit of measurement equal to about 46 centimeters. A span is a unit of measurement equal to about 23 centimeters. AT: "about 3 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## he was armed with a coat of chainmail ## +# he was armed with a coat of chainmail -A "coat of chainmail" is a flexible piece of body armor covered with protective scales or small plates. AT: "he wore a coat of chainmail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +A "coat of chainmail" is a flexible piece of body armor covered with protective scales or small plates. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he protected himself by wearing a coat of chainmail" or "he wore a coat of chainmail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## five thousand shekels ## +# five thousand shekels -A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 55 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) \ No newline at end of file +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 55 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/06.md b/1sa/17/06.md index 314f1f96c9..77d09044ce 100644 --- a/1sa/17/06.md +++ b/1sa/17/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## staff of his spear ## +# a javelin of bronze + +A "javelin" is a small spear that is meant to be thrown. + +# staff of his spear "the handle of his spear" -## loop of cord ## +# loop of cord -"rope rolled up into a cirlce" +"rope rolled up into a circle" -## six hundred shekels of iron ## +# His spear's head -A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: “about 7 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) \ No newline at end of file +"The point of his spear" + +# six hundred shekels of iron + +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 7 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/08.md b/1sa/17/08.md index f6ba6622e7..2fd19f1ea4 100644 --- a/1sa/17/08.md +++ b/1sa/17/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## "Am not I a Philistine, and are you not servants of Saul? ## +# Why have you come out to draw up for battle? -"I am a great Philistine, and you are merely servants of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Why have you come to fight in battle against us?" Goliath uses this question to mock the Israelites. AT: "You are fools if you think you can fight in battle against us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Am not I a Philistine, and are you not servants of Saul? + +Goliath uses this question to mock the Israelites. When he says that he is a Philistine, he is implying that he is strong. AT: "I am a great Philistine, and you are merely servants of Saul." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/10.md b/1sa/17/10.md index 5c31fb5535..c30d6ff13a 100644 --- a/1sa/17/10.md +++ b/1sa/17/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I challenge the ranks of Israel ## +# I challenge the ranks of Israel -This is an insulting boast that challenges any soldier in the army of Israel to battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"I challenge the army of Israel" -## they were discouraged and greatly afraid ## +# all Israel -The words "discouraged" and "greatly afraid" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the Israelite soldiers who were there. + +# they were discouraged and greatly afraid + +The words "discouraged" and "greatly afraid" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/12.md b/1sa/17/12.md index 52f21f9e8d..41d06966b9 100644 --- a/1sa/17/12.md +++ b/1sa/17/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## He had eight sons ## +# He had eight sons -Here the word "He" refers to Jesse. +"He" refers to Jesse. -## Jesse was an old man...advanced in years among men ## +# Jesse was an old man ... very old among men The two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## second to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah ## +# second to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah -This phrase shows birth order. AT: "Abinadab the second born, and Shammah the third born" \ No newline at end of file +"Abinadab the second born, and Shammah the third born." This phrase shows birth order. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/14.md b/1sa/17/14.md index fad57431c7..155aebb82a 100644 --- a/1sa/17/14.md +++ b/1sa/17/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## The three oldest ## +# The three oldest -AT: "The three oldest sons of Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The implied information is that these are the sons of Jesse. AT: "The three oldest sons of Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## For forty days ## +# For forty days -"For 40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"For 40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to present himself for battle + +"to show that he was ready to fight" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/17.md b/1sa/17/17.md index 8b18dca8e5..eccf3c30a8 100644 --- a/1sa/17/17.md +++ b/1sa/17/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## ephah ## +# ephah -An ephah is a unit of measurement equal to about 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +An ephah is a unit of measurement equal to about 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## the captain of their thousand ## +# the captain of their thousand -The commander of the section of the army that David's brothers were in. \ No newline at end of file +"the captain of your brothers' thousand." Possible meanings are 1) the word "thousand" represents the exact amount of soldiers that this captain led. AT: "the captain of your brothers' unit of 1,000 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "thousand" does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. AT: "the captain of your brothers' military division" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# See how your brothers are doing + +"Check and find out how your brothers are doing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/19.md b/1sa/17/19.md index 08fce29dfd..fa4da26823 100644 --- a/1sa/17/19.md +++ b/1sa/17/19.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# all the men of Israel + +"all the soldiers of Israel" + +# the Valley of Elah + +This is the name of a place. See how you translated it in [1 Samuel 17:2](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/22.md b/1sa/17/22.md index dbd95d53a1..c175150562 100644 --- a/1sa/17/22.md +++ b/1sa/17/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Goliath by name ## +# Goliath by name "whose name was Goliath" -## came out of the ranks of the Philistines ## +# came out of the ranks of the Philistines "stepped forward from the Philistines' battle line" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/25.md b/1sa/17/25.md index 5297192871..81f68d69c8 100644 --- a/1sa/17/25.md +++ b/1sa/17/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## "Have you seen this man who has come up? ## +# Have you seen this man who has come up? -Apparently you have not really looked at this man who has come up!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The soldiers were saying this to draw one another's attention to the man Goliath. AT: "Look at this man who has come up!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## will give him his daughter...will make his father’s house ## +# The king -Here the words "him" and "his father's house" refer to the man who kills Goliath. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the king of Israel. AT: "Our king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his daughter + +This refers to the king's daughter. + +# to him ... his father's house + +The words "him" and "his" refer to the man who kills Goliath. + +# will make his father's house free from taxation in Israel + +The word "house" refers to the household or family. AT: "will no longer require his family to pay taxes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/26.md b/1sa/17/26.md index 84d11c9c6f..0ffa4906e1 100644 --- a/1sa/17/26.md +++ b/1sa/17/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## What will be done...the disgrace from Israel? ## +# takes away the disgrace from Israel -David asks this question to confirm the truth of what the men had said in [1 Samuel 17:25](./25.md). +This can be expressed with the verb "disgrace." AT: "stops Israel from being disgraced" or "stops him from disgracing Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Who is this uncircumcised Philistine that he should defy the armies of the living God? ## +# Who is this uncircumcised Philistine that he should defy the armies of the living God? -AT: "This uncircumcised Philistine certainly has no power that he should defy the armies of the living God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +David said this to show his anger that this Philistine was defying God's army. AT: "This uncircumcised Philistine certainly has no power that he should defy the armies of the living God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## this uncircumcised Philistine ## +# this uncircumcised Philistine -This phrase as an insult and indicates that Goliath does not belong to the living God. \ No newline at end of file +This phrase is an insult and indicates that Goliath does not belong to the living God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/28.md b/1sa/17/28.md index f533a6e15d..a68f8a7f37 100644 --- a/1sa/17/28.md +++ b/1sa/17/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Eliab’s anger was kindled against David ## +# Eliab's anger was kindled against David -AT: "Eliab became angry with David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that could be kindled. AT: "Eliab became angry with David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## With whom have you left those few sheep in the wilderness? ## +# Why did you come down here? -"You simply had the responsibility of watching over a few sheep in the wilderness. You couldn't even carry out that simple responsibility!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Eliab uses this question to show that he is angry that David came down. He was probably implying that David did not have a good reason for coming. AT: "You had no good reason to come here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## your pride, and the mischief in your heart ## +# With whom have you left those few sheep in the wilderness? + +Eliab uses this question to insult David by making his work seem unimportant and by accusing him of not taking care of his father's sheep. AT: "You simply had the responsibility of watching over a few sheep in the wilderness. You could not even carry out that simple responsibility!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your pride, and the mischief in your heart These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## What have I done now? Was it not just a question? ## +# What have I done now? Was it not just a question? -AT: "I have done nothing wrong. I was only asking a question." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +David used these questions to express his frustration and to justify himself. AT: "I have done nothing wrong. I was only asking a question!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## He turned away from him ## +# He turned away from him -Here the word "He" refers to David and the word "him" refers to Eliab. \ No newline at end of file +"He" refers to David and the word "him" refers to Eliab. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/31.md b/1sa/17/31.md index 8faafa9050..db2621515f 100644 --- a/1sa/17/31.md +++ b/1sa/17/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## When the words that David said were heard ## +# When the words that David said were heard -AT: "When the soldiers heard what David said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When the soldiers heard what David said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Let no man’s heart fail ## +# Let no man's heart fail -AT: "Do not let anyone be discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The heart failing represents being terrified and losing confidence. AT: "Do not let anyone be terrified" or "Do not let anyone lose their confidence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your servant will go + +David spoke of himself as "your servant" to show respect to Saul. AT: "I, your servant, will go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/34.md b/1sa/17/34.md index a4bb324d10..f779179445 100644 --- a/1sa/17/34.md +++ b/1sa/17/34.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## a bear ## +# Your servant used to keep his father's sheep + +David spoke of himself as "your servant" to show respect to Saul. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 17:32](./31.md). AT: "I, your servant, used to keep my father's sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# used to keep his father's sheep + +"used to take care of his father's sheep" + +# a bear A bear is a large animal with thick fur and long claws and that walks on four legs but can stand on two legs as a person does. -## chased after him and attacked him ## +# chased after him and attacked him -Here the word "him" refers to the lion or bear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-singularpronouns]]) +Here "him" refers to the lion or bear. Some languages would use the word "it" instead of "him." -## and rescued it out of his mouth ## +# rescued it out of his mouth -Here the word "it" refers to the lamb. +Here "it" refers to the lamb. -## he rose up against me ## +# he rose up against me -AT: "it attacked me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "rose up against" is an idiom that refers to attacking. AT: "it attacked me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## caught him by his beard ## +# caught him by his beard The "beard" refers to the lion's mane or the hair on the bear's face. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/36.md b/1sa/17/36.md index 4fabdce515..5516e1b808 100644 --- a/1sa/17/36.md +++ b/1sa/17/36.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## This uncircumcised Philistine ## +# Connecting Statement: -See how you translated this phrase in [1 Samuel 17:26](./26.md). +David continues speaking to King Saul. -## will be like one of them ## +# This uncircumcised Philistine -David will be able to kill the Philistine just as he was able to kill the lion and bear. \ No newline at end of file +This phrase is an insult and indicates that Goliath does not belong to the living God. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 17:26](./26.md). + +# will be like one of them + +David is saying that he will be able to kill the Philistine just as he was able to kill the lion and bear. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/37.md b/1sa/17/37.md index 3f3fe792de..951885da4f 100644 --- a/1sa/17/37.md +++ b/1sa/17/37.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## from the paw of the lion and from the paw of the bear ## +# from the paw of the lion and from the paw of the bear -AT: "from the power of the lion and from the power of the bear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Bears and lions use their paws when they attack, so the word "paw" represents the attack. AT: "from the attack of the lion and from the attack of the bear" or "from the lion and the bear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the hand of this Philistine ## +# the hand of this Philistine -AT: "the power of this Philistine" +The Philistine's hand represents his power in fighting. AT: "the power of this Philistine" or "the Philistine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## coat of chainmail ## +# coat of chainmail -A "coat of chainmail" is a flexible piece of body armor covered with protective scales or small plates. \ No newline at end of file +a flexible piece of body armor covered with protective scales or small plates \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/39.md b/1sa/17/39.md index d2ea4dd4c0..58c544a042 100644 --- a/1sa/17/39.md +++ b/1sa/17/39.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## his sword on his armor ## +# his sword on his armor -Here the word "his" refers to Saul. +"Saul's sword on the armor" -## his staff in his hand ## +# his staff in his hand -Here the word "his" refers to David. +Here "his" refers to David. -## his sling in his hand ## +# His sling was in his hand A sling is a weapon for throwing stones. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/41.md b/1sa/17/41.md index 7c0c219396..b806264f4b 100644 --- a/1sa/17/41.md +++ b/1sa/17/41.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## he despised him ## +# with his shield bearer in front of him + +"and his shield bearer walked in front of him" + +# he despised him "he hated him" -## "Am I a dog, that you come to me with sticks?" ## +# ruddy -AT: "I am not a dog, that you can come to me with sticks!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"healthy" + +# Am I a dog, that you come to me with sticks? + +Here a dog represents a small animal that a person can easily kill. The word "sticks" refers to David's staff and shows Goliath's opinion that it is not a good weapon. Goliath uses this question to accuse David of insulting him. AT: "You insult me by coming at me with mere sticks as if I were just a dog!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/44.md b/1sa/17/44.md index 3f10aa9fc8..117bdff9bd 100644 --- a/1sa/17/44.md +++ b/1sa/17/44.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## in the name of Yahweh ## +# I will give your flesh to the birds of the heavens and to the beasts of the field -AT: "with the power of Yahweh" or "with the authority of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Goliath speaks of killing David and leaving his body on the ground for the animals to eat it as if he were to give David's body to the animals. AT: "I will kill you, and the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field will eat your body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## whom you have defied ## +# birds of the heavens -AT: "whom you have provoked" or "whom you have insulted." \ No newline at end of file +"birds of the sky" or "birds" + +# beasts of the field + +"wild animals" + +# in the name of Yahweh + +Here "name" represents God's power or authority. AT: "with the power of Yahweh" or "with the authority of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whom you have defied + +"whom you have provoked" or "whom you have insulted" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/46.md b/1sa/17/46.md index 3c96880cd9..2b1a0f7dff 100644 --- a/1sa/17/46.md +++ b/1sa/17/46.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## beasts of the earth, so that all the earth ## +# Connecting Statement: -The first "earth" refers to the ground. The second "earth" refers to all the people who live on the earth. +David continues speaking to Goliath. -## give you into our hand ## +# I will give the dead bodies ... to the birds ... and to the wild beasts of the earth -AT: "help us conquer you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +David speaks of leading the Israelites in killing the Philistines and leaving their bodies on the ground for the animals to eat them as if he were to give their bodies to the animals. AT: "We Israelites will kill the Philistine army, and the birds of the heavens and the wild beasts of the earth will eat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the earth may know + +The word "earth" refers to the people on earth. AT: "all the people of the earth may know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh does not give victory with sword or spear + +Swords and spears are examples of battle weapons. They represent human ways of fighting. AT: "The victory that Yahweh gives does not depend on sword and spear" or "when Yahweh gives us victory, he does not depend on how we fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the battle is Yahweh's + +Winning the battle is spoken of as owning the battle. AT: "Yahweh always wins the battle" or "the victory belongs to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will give you into our hand + +Giving the Philistines into Israel's hand represents helping Israel to defeat the Philistines in battle. AT: "he will help us defeat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/48.md b/1sa/17/48.md deleted file mode 100644 index a8f5a60ea2..0000000000 --- a/1sa/17/48.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/50.md b/1sa/17/50.md index 4182d5bf67..356b3b73fd 100644 --- a/1sa/17/50.md +++ b/1sa/17/50.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He hit the Philistine and killed him ## +# David defeated ... He hit ... killed ... There was no sword in David's hand -This is a summary statement. The details are that he first used a sling in [1 Samuel 17:48](./48.md), and then used a sword in 17:51. Some languages do not use summary statements like this. In those situations, translators may restructure the verses as they are in the UDB. +Verse 50 is a summary of David's amazing victory over Goliath. The details about how he hit and killed Goliath are in [1 Samuel 17:49](./48.md) and 17:51. Some languages do not use summary statements like this. In those situations, translators may restructure the verses as they are in the UDB. -## took his sword ## +# Then David ran and stood over the Philistine -Here the word "his" refers to Goliath. \ No newline at end of file +David did this after Goliath fell to the ground in [1 Samuel 17:49](./48.md). + +# took his sword + +"took the Philistine's sword." Here the word "his" refers to Goliath. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/52.md b/1sa/17/52.md index 6a0fb043d7..35f65504f9 100644 --- a/1sa/17/52.md +++ b/1sa/17/52.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## they plundered their camp ## +# The dead Philistines lay along the way to Shaaraim -AT: "the Israelites plundered the Philistines' camp" +It can be stated clearly that the Israelites were killing the Philistines as they chased them. AT: "And they killed the Philistines as they chased them, and the bodies of the dead Philistines were on the ground along the way to Shaaraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he put his armor in his tent ## +# they plundered their camp -AT: "he put Goliath's armor in his own tent" \ No newline at end of file +"the Israelites plundered the Philistines' camp" + +# he put his armor in his tent + +"he put Goliath's armor in his own tent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/55.md b/1sa/17/55.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5ea57db3fb --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/17/55.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# When Saul saw David + +The conversation in 17:55-56 happened before David killed Goliath. AT: "When Saul had seen David" or "Earlier when Saul saw David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# go out against the Philistine + +"go to fight against the Philistine" + +# whose son is this youth + +"who is this youth's father" + +# As you live + +This was a way of swearing that what he was about to say was true. + +# whose son the boy is + +"who the boy's father is" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/57.md b/1sa/17/57.md index b6608fa149..cac44dce95 100644 --- a/1sa/17/57.md +++ b/1sa/17/57.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## in his hand ## +# in his hand -Here the word "his" refers to David. \ No newline at end of file +Here "his" refers to David. + +# Whose son are you + +"Who is your father" + +# I am the son of your servant Jesse the Bethlehemite + +"My father is your servant Jesse, the Bethlehemite" + +# your servant Jesse + +David referred to his father as "your servant" to show that his father was faithful to King Saul. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/17/intro.md b/1sa/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c8027c0f3b --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# 1 Samuel 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter introduced David as a soldier, a skill that will be important for the rest of his life. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David kills Goliath ##### +Trust in God is more powerful than physical might or military training and equipment. David, trusting in the Lord and armed only with a sling, defeats Goliath who is well-armed and physically strong but who did not believe in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### Uncircumcised ##### + +The people of Israel often used the term "uncircumcised" to refer to Gentiles. Here it is used to describe the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/uncircumcised]]). + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +David uses rhetorical questions to state his desire to fight the giant: "What will be done for the man who kills this Philistine and takes away the disgrace from Israel? Who is this uncircumcised Philistine that he should defy the armies of the living God?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +His brother uses rhetorical questions to show his disdain for his younger brother, whom he thinks is pretending to be bigger than he really is: "Why did you come down here? With whom have you left those few sheep in the wilderness?" David defends himself with some questions: "What have I done now? Was it not just a question?" + +Goliath also uses a rhetorical question to show his contempt for young David: "Am I a dog, that you come to me with sticks?" + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/01.md b/1sa/18/01.md index 9ddd5b3560..1e6c44a96a 100644 --- a/1sa/18/01.md +++ b/1sa/18/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David ## +# the soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David -AT: "Jonathan committed himself to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Very close friendship is spoken of as if it were binding together the souls of two people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jonathan felt a strong affection towards David" or "Jonathan committed himself to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and Jonathan loved him as his own soul ## +# Jonathan loved him as his own soul -Here "loved" refers to the love between friends, not romantic love. AT: "and Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "loved" refers to the love between friends, not romantic love. The word "soul" represents the person or the person's life. AT: "Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself" or "Jonathan loved David as he loved his own life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/03.md b/1sa/18/03.md index 53af4de29a..aef87c5ec3 100644 --- a/1sa/18/03.md +++ b/1sa/18/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Jonathan loved him as his own soul ## +# Jonathan loved him as his own soul -See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 18:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "loved" refers to the love between friends, not romantic love. The word "soul" represents the person or the person's life. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 18:1](./01.md). AT: "Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself" or "Jonathan loved David as he loved his own life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/05.md b/1sa/18/05.md index 9cdc0dcb6b..e9553a352d 100644 --- a/1sa/18/05.md +++ b/1sa/18/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## and he succeeded ## +# he succeeded -"and he prospered" +"he prospered" -## This was pleasing in the eyes of all the people and also in the sight of Saul’s servants ## +# This was pleasing in the eyes of all the people and also in the sight of Saul's servants -The phrases "in the eyes of" and "in the sight of" mean the same thing. AT: "This pleased all the people and Saul's servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrases "in the eyes of" and "in the sight of" mean the same thing. The opinion of the people is spoken of as something that they view as either good or bad. AT: "This was pleasing in the opinions of all the people and of Saul's servants" or "This pleased all the people and Saul's servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/06.md b/1sa/18/06.md index 18ce9876b9..2266919f72 100644 --- a/1sa/18/06.md +++ b/1sa/18/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## from all the cities of Israel ## +# from all the cities of Israel -AT: "from many of the cities of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is generalization that emphasizes the great number of women who came from many cities. AT: "from many of the cities throughout Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## with tambourines ## +# with tambourines, with joy, and with musical instruments + +"joyfully playing tambourines and other musical instruments" + +# with tambourines A "tambourine" is a small handheld drum. -## And David his ten thousands ## +# David his ten thousands -AT: "And David has killed his ten thousands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +The verb may be supplied from the previous line. AT: "David has killed his ten thousands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/08.md b/1sa/18/08.md index 4431b8ab4b..a2ab086d45 100644 --- a/1sa/18/08.md +++ b/1sa/18/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## They have ascribed ## +# They have ascribed "They have credited" -## What more can he have but the monarchy? ## +# What more can he have but the monarchy? -AT: "The only thing left for him to have is the kingship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The only thing left for him to have is the kingship." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/10.md b/1sa/18/10.md index 1b87364395..981040c3da 100644 --- a/1sa/18/10.md +++ b/1sa/18/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## a harmful spirit from God ## +# a harmful spirit from God -See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 16:14](../16/14.md). +Here "harmful spirit" may refer to either "a spirit that causes trouble" or "an evil spirit." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 16:15](../16/14.md). -## And he raved ## +# a harmful spirit from God rushed upon Saul -"And he acted crazy" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "rushed upon" means the harmful spirit influenced Saul. In this case it means it caused Saul to be troubled and act crazy. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 10:6](../10/05.md). + +# he raved + +"he acted crazy" + +# Yahweh was with him + +"Yahweh was with David" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/13.md b/1sa/18/13.md index 22505d73dd..82c56bb5ac 100644 --- a/1sa/18/13.md +++ b/1sa/18/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## So Saul removed him from his presence ## +# So Saul removed him from his presence "So Saul removed David from his presence" -## a thousand ## +# a commander of a thousand -AT: "one thousand" or "1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the word "thousand" represents the exact amount of soldiers that he would lead. AT: "a commander of 1,000 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "thousand" does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. AT: "a commander of a large military division" See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## David went out and came in before the people ## +# David went out and came in before the people -Here "the people" refers to the soldiers under David's command. AT: "David led his soldiers into battle and led them home from battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "the people" refers to the soldiers under David's command. The phrases "went out" and "came in" are idioms that refer to leading the people into battle and leading them home from battle. AT: "David led his soldiers into battle and led them home from battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/15.md b/1sa/18/15.md index 63d50bbd6d..649dd2a8d5 100644 --- a/1sa/18/15.md +++ b/1sa/18/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## he stood in awe of him ## +# he stood in awe of him -AT: "he feared David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "stood in awe" is an idiom that means to fear. AT: "he feared David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## all Israel and Judah loved David ## +# all Israel and Judah loved David -AT: "many people in Israel and Judah admired David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here "Israel and Judah" represent the people of all of the tribes. AT: "all the people in Israel and Judah loved David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## went out and came in before ## +# went out and came in before them -See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 18:13](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrases "went out" and "came in" are idioms that refer to leading the people into battle and leading them home from battle. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 18:13](./13.md). AT: "led his soldiers into battle and led them home from battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/17.md b/1sa/18/17.md index e39bcb8074..1115e3d33d 100644 --- a/1sa/18/17.md +++ b/1sa/18/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Let not my hand be on him, but let the hand of the Philistines be on him ## +# Let not my hand be on him, but let the hand of the Philistines be on him -AT: "I will not harm him, but I will let the Philistines harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Harming someone is spoken of as if it were placing one's hand on that person. Here, Saul is referring to killing David. AT: "I will not be the one to kill him; I will let the Philistines kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## Who am I, and what is my life, or my father’s family in Israel...to the king? ## +# Who am I, and who are my relatives, or my father's family in Israel ... to the king? -AT: "I am nobody and neither my life nor my father's family is important enough in Israel...to the king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +David uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he is not worthy of being Saul's son-in-law. AT: "I am nobody and neither my relatives nor my father's family are important enough in Israel ... to the king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## be son-in-law to the king ## +# son-in-law to the king -in-law to the king** - AT: "be husband of the king's daughter" \ No newline at end of file +"husband of the king's daughter" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/19.md b/1sa/18/19.md index 54dd26bf1f..6ef1d806ef 100644 --- a/1sa/18/19.md +++ b/1sa/18/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## when Merab, Saul’s daughter, should have been given to David ## +# when Merab, Saul's daughter, should have been given to David -AT: "when Saul should have given his daughter Merab to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when Saul should have given his daughter Merab to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## she was given to Adriel ## +# she was given to Adriel -AT: "Saul gave her to Adriel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Saul gave her to Adriel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/20.md b/1sa/18/20.md index 5886b8f34e..7c7ecb49b1 100644 --- a/1sa/18/20.md +++ b/1sa/18/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Michal ... loved David ## +# Michal ... loved David Here "loved" means she had romantic feelings for David. -## They told Saul ## +# They told Saul -Here the word "they" refers to people who found out about Michal's feelings, not to David and Michal. +Here "they" refers to people who found out about Michal's feelings, not to David and Michal. -## the hand of the Philistines ## +# that the hand of the Philistines may be against him -See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 18:17](./17.md). +Harming someone is spoken of as if it were placing one's hand on that person. Here, Saul is referring to killing David. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 18:17](./17.md). AT: "so that the Philistines may kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## You will be my son-in-law ## +# You will be my son-in-law -in-law** - AT: "You will be the husband of my daughter" \ No newline at end of file +"You will be the husband of my daughter" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/22.md b/1sa/18/22.md index c4b9a8e587..99f426ce6d 100644 --- a/1sa/18/22.md +++ b/1sa/18/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## all his servants love you ## +# all his servants love you "all of his servants admire you" -## Now then ## +# Now then -AT: "For these reasons you should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"For these reasons you should" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/23.md b/1sa/18/23.md index c1284a49a9..19cd7d166d 100644 --- a/1sa/18/23.md +++ b/1sa/18/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Is it a small matter to you to be the king’s son-in-law, since I am a poor man, and lightly esteemed? ## +# Is it a small matter to you to be the king's son-in-law, since I am a poor man, and lightly esteemed? -in-law, since I am a poor man, and lightly esteemed?** - AT: "It is no small matter to be the king's son-in-law, and I am too poor and unimportant for that." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +David asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he is not worthy to be the king's son-in-law. AT: "It is a great matter to be the king's son-in-law, and I am too poor and unimportant for that." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/25.md b/1sa/18/25.md index cc7abbbf3d..4586488c1a 100644 --- a/1sa/18/25.md +++ b/1sa/18/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## The king does not desire any dowry, only one hundred foreskins ## +# The king does not desire any dowry, only one hundred foreskins -AT: "The king does not desire any bride price; he desires only that you bring to him 100 foreskins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +The verb for the second phrase may be supplied from the first. AT: "The king does not desire any dowry; he desires only that you bring to him 100 foreskins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## foreskins ## +# dowry + +"bride price." In this culture, the man was required to give a gift to the bride's father. + +# foreskins The word "foreskin" refers to the fold of skin on a man's private parts that is removed during circumcision. -## to be avenged from the king’s enemies ## +# to be avenged from the king's enemies -AT: "to get revenge on the king's enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to get revenge on the king's enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines ## +# to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines -Here "fall" means to die. AT: "to have the Philistines kill David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "fall" means to die. The phrase "by the hand" is an idiom that tells us the means by which something will happen, in this case, David will be killed by the Philistines. This can be stated in active form. AT: "to have the Philistines kill David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/27.md b/1sa/18/27.md index 620ad3045a..06bb5a96ea 100644 --- a/1sa/18/27.md +++ b/1sa/18/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## two hundred Philistines ## +# two hundred Philistines -"200 Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This can be rendered numerically. AT: "200 Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## saw and knew ## +# they gave them in full number to the king -These two words share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"David and his men gave all of them to the king" -## Michal, Saul’s daughter, loved him ## +# Saul saw, and he knew -Here “loved” means she had romantic feelings for David. \ No newline at end of file +Here the words "saw" and "knew" share similar meanings and emphasize that Saul knew with certainty. AT: "Saul recognized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Michal, Saul's daughter, loved him + +Here "loved" means she had romantic feelings for David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/30.md b/1sa/18/30.md index 1caa855e51..42d14a6419 100644 --- a/1sa/18/30.md +++ b/1sa/18/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## his name was highly regarded ## +# so that his name was highly regarded -AT: "the people of Israel greatly respected David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" is a metonym for David. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that people greatly respected David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/18/intro.md b/1sa/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a0f772f77e --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Samuel 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the first chapter of a section explaining why Saul wants to kill David. + +Many translations set apart quotations, prayers, or songs. 1 Samuel 18:7 is a song praising David. It has been set apart in the ULB through the use of indentation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Saul is jealous of David's popularity ##### +Saul's son, Jonathan, loves David. David is successful in battling the Philistines, and Saul is happy until the women give David more attention than they give him. He fears that David will replace him as king. This is potentially confusing because the author has already established that David will be the next king. It is probably that Saul feared David would kill him in order to be the next king sooner, or that he did not really believe David would be the next king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]]) + +##### Jonathan's love of David ##### +Some scholars believe Jonathan loved David as a man loves his wife. There is no reason to translate this as if Jonathan were a homosexual. Instead, treat this as a brotherly type of love. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/01.md b/1sa/19/01.md index 1736c609ce..ab9bbb40fb 100644 --- a/1sa/19/01.md +++ b/1sa/19/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## and to all his servants ## +# to all his servants -"his" refers to Saul. +Here "his" refers to Saul. -## took great pleasure in David ## +# took great pleasure in David Jonathan greatly enjoyed being with David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/04.md b/1sa/19/04.md index 8fa6b92c5b..098bb53633 100644 --- a/1sa/19/04.md +++ b/1sa/19/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## he took his life in his hand ## +# Do not let the king sin against his servant -AT: "he risked his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Jonathan speaks as if Saul is another person to show Saul that Jonathan respects Saul. AT: "Do not sin against your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## Why would you sin against innocent blood by killing David for no reason?" ## +# he took his life in his hand -Jonathan asks this question to rebuke Saul. AT: "You should not sin against innocent blood and kill David without cause." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "life in his hand" is an idiom that refers to risking his life. AT: "he risked his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## innocent blood ## +# Why would you sin against innocent blood by killing David for no reason? -AT: "an innocent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jonathan asks this question to rebuke Saul. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not sin against innocent blood and kill David without cause." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# sin against innocent blood + +Here "blood" is a metonym for the life of an innocent person. AT: "commit the sin of murder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/06.md b/1sa/19/06.md index 7c7ba34a4c..d3eb662435 100644 --- a/1sa/19/06.md +++ b/1sa/19/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## he will not be put to death ## +# he will not be put to death -AT: "I will not put him to death" or "I will not kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not put him to death" or "I will not kill him" or "I will certainly keep him alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he was in his presence + +David was in Saul's presence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/08.md b/1sa/19/08.md index 379240c598..e0c8a5e0e4 100644 --- a/1sa/19/08.md +++ b/1sa/19/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## fought with the Philistines ## +# A harmful spirit from Yahweh -As in David fought against the philistines. - -## A harmful spirit from Yahweh ## - -See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 16:14](../16/14.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "harmful spirit" may refer to either "a spirit that causes trouble" or "an evil spirit." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 16:14](../16/14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/10.md b/1sa/19/10.md index d4e8f6cdbb..a9d20d974e 100644 --- a/1sa/19/10.md +++ b/1sa/19/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## he might kill him ## +# pin David to the wall with the spear + +throw his spear so it would go through David and into the wall + +# he might kill him "Saul might kill David" -## If you do not save your life ## +# Michal ... told him -AT: "If you do not escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Michal told David -## you will be killed ## +# If you do not save your life -AT: "someone will kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "save your life" is an idiom that refers to escape. AT: "If you do not escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone will kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/12.md b/1sa/19/12.md index e19cd57792..cd1380eefd 100644 --- a/1sa/19/12.md +++ b/1sa/19/12.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Michal helps David escape King Saul. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Michal helps David escape King Saul. She uses a household idol to make David's bed look like he is sleeping in it. + +# she put a pillow of goats' hair at its head, and covered it with the clothes + +Possible meanings are 1) the head of the idol was lying on the goat's hair pillow and Michal dressed the idol in David's clothes or 2) Michal used David's clothes as a blanket to completely cover the idol and made the "pillow" of goat's hair look like David's hair sticking out from under the blanket of clothes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/14.md b/1sa/19/14.md index da016724f4..ff7eafe64d 100644 --- a/1sa/19/14.md +++ b/1sa/19/14.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Saul acts out his desire to kill David. -## she said ## +# take David -Here the word "she" refers to Michal. \ No newline at end of file +"take David back to Saul" + +# she said + +Here "she" refers to Michal. + +# Bring him up to me in the bed + +The reason why the men thought David was in bed can be made explicit. AT: "If he really is too sick to come to me, bring me the bed with him in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/16.md b/1sa/19/16.md index bacbd23a16..ec6da256ed 100644 --- a/1sa/19/16.md +++ b/1sa/19/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## behold ## +# pillow of goats' hair + +See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 19:13](./12.md). + +# behold The word "behold" here shows that the messengers were surprised by what they saw. -## Why have you deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped? ## +# Why have you deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped? -Saul uses this question to rebuke Michal. AT: "You should not have deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Saul really wants to know why Michal did what she did or 2) Saul uses this question to rebuke Michal. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not have deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Let me go. Why should I kill you? ## +# Let me go. Why should I kill you? -Although David did not actually say this, Michal tells Saul that David threatened her with this question. AT: "I will kill you if you do not help me to escape." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Although David did not actually say this, Michal tells Saul that David threatened her with this question. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I will kill you if you do not help me to escape." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/18.md b/1sa/19/18.md index a3bd1cdbec..fc47baa6d5 100644 --- a/1sa/19/18.md +++ b/1sa/19/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + David flees to Samuel. -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. +This word is used here to show that the writer has started to tell a new part of the story. -## It was told to Saul ## +# It was told to Saul -AT: "Someone told Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## See ## +# See -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## standing as head over them ## +# standing as head over them -Here the word "head" refers to a position of authority. "acting as their leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "head" refers to a position of authority. AT: "acting as their leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/21.md b/1sa/19/21.md index 2fd22cce7e..f48867c780 100644 --- a/1sa/19/21.md +++ b/1sa/19/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## When Saul was told this ## +# When Saul was told this -AT: "When someone told Saul this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When someone told Saul this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Ramah...Secu...Naioth ## +# Ramah ... Seku ... Naioth These are place names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/23.md b/1sa/19/23.md index cedabe94d8..faef3bc1e5 100644 --- a/1sa/19/23.md +++ b/1sa/19/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## they say ## +# This is why they ask, "Is Saul also among the prophets?" -Here the word "they" refers to people in general. The question became a proverb among the people. +This became a proverb among the Israelites. Apparently people said this to express surprise when a person unexpectedly did something that he had not done before. The implied meaning of the question can be stated explicitly. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:12](../10/11.md). AT: "That is the reason that when people see someone doing something that is very unexpected, they say, 'Is Saul also a prophet?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Is Saul also among the prophets? ## +# they ask -See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:11](../10/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "they" refers to people in general. The question became a proverb among the people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/19/intro.md b/1sa/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0997e8d953 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Samuel 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God protects David ##### +Jonathan persuades Saul not to kill David, but Saul again becomes jealous and orders his servants to bring David to him to be killed. God uses Michal to save David. David flees to Samuel and they begin prophesying. When Saul sends servants to capture David, they begin prophesying. This causes Saul to go himself and he begins to prophesy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/01.md b/1sa/20/01.md index e602267524..17e0fee18c 100644 --- a/1sa/20/01.md +++ b/1sa/20/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## What have I done? What is my iniquity? What is my sin before your father, that he seeks to take my life? ## +# What have I done? What is my iniquity? What is my sin before your father, that he seeks to take my life? -These three questions mean basically the same thing. David uses them to emphasize that he has done nothing wrong to Saul. AT: "I have done nothing wrong. I have not committed any iniquity. I have not sinned against your father, that he seeks to take my life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These three questions mean basically the same thing. David uses them to emphasize that he has done nothing wrong to Saul. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I have done nothing wrong. I have not committed any iniquity. I have not sinned against your father. He has no reason to take my life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## that he seeks to take my life? ## +# that he seeks to take my life? -AT: "that he is trying to kill me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "take my life" is an idiom for "kill me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Far from it ## +# Far from it -AT: "This is certainly not true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "far from it" is an idiom that refers to that it is not true. AT: "This is certainly not true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## nothing either great or small ## +# nothing either great or small -AT: "nothing at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +The words "great or small" include everything in between. AT: "nothing at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## Why should my father hide this thing from me? ## +# Why should my father hide this thing from me? -Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that Saul would have told him if he planned to kill David. AT: "My father has no reason to hide this thing from me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that Saul would have told him if he planned to kill David. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "My father has no reason to hide this thing from me!" or "If this thing were true, my father would certainly let me know!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## It is not so ## +# It is not so "It is not true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/03.md b/1sa/20/03.md index 7a525dfd2b..8c72d0e9bf 100644 --- a/1sa/20/03.md +++ b/1sa/20/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## I have found favor in your eyes ## +# I have found favor in your eyes -AT: "I have become your friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "I have pleased you" or "you consider me favorably" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he will be grieved ## +# he will be grieved -AT: "this will grieve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this will grieve him" or "he will be very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## there is but a step between me and death ## +# there is but a step between me and death -AT: "I am very close to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "step between me and death" is an idiom that refers to being very close to death. AT: "I am very close to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/04.md b/1sa/20/04.md index c78c7418ed..ec036d99d3 100644 --- a/1sa/20/04.md +++ b/1sa/20/04.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + David proposes a test against King Saul to Jonathan. -## until the third day at evening ## +# Tomorrow is the new moon -until the evening of the day after tomorrow. (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +On the first of every month the people would celebrate and offer sacrifices to God. + +# until the third day at evening + +"until the evening of the day after tomorrow" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/06.md b/1sa/20/06.md index ace8961cbf..81f8156ef8 100644 --- a/1sa/20/06.md +++ b/1sa/20/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -David's proposed test continues. +# Connecting Statement: -## your servant will have peace ## +David's continues to describe the test he proposes. -David refers to himself with the phrase "your servant" as a sign of submission to Jonathan. +# asked leave of me -## he has decided on evil ## +"asked me if I would allow him to leave" -Here the word "he" refers to Saul. \ No newline at end of file +# he says ... he is ... he has decided + +The word "he" refers to Saul. + +# your servant will have peace + +David speaks of himself as if he were another person to show that he respects Jonathan. AT: "I, your servant, will have peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/08.md b/1sa/20/08.md index 2cc86b4dd2..4da3e8f5e4 100644 --- a/1sa/20/08.md +++ b/1sa/20/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + David continues speaking to Jonathan. -## you have brought your servant into a covenant of Yahweh with you ## +# with your servant ... have brought your servant -AT: "you have made a covenant with me, your servant, with Yahweh as witness" +David speak of himself in the third person as a form of humility. AT: "with me, your servant ... have brought me, your servant" or "with me ... have brought me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## for why then should you bring me to your father? ## +# you have brought your servant into a covenant of Yahweh with you -AT: "then there would be no reason for you to bring me to your father." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +What it was that the two men agreed on can be made explicit. AT: "Yahweh heard you when you made a solemn agreement with me that you and I will always be good friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Far be it from you! ## +# for why then should you bring me to your father? -AT: "This will never happen to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "then there would be no reason for you to bring me to your father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## would I not tell you? ## +# Far be it from you! -Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that he would tell David if Saul wanted to harm him. AT: "I would certainly tell you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that means it will never happen to you. AT: "This will never happen to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# would I not tell you? + +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I would certainly tell you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/10.md b/1sa/20/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index a8f5a60ea2..0000000000 --- a/1sa/20/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/12.md b/1sa/20/12.md index ebc7a5fa45..808c13ac36 100644 --- a/1sa/20/12.md +++ b/1sa/20/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## see ## +# see -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +"look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## good will...will I not ## +# if there is good will -The first "will" refers to a desire to do something. The second "will" refers to something which could happen in the future. +"if my father wants to do good things for you" -## will I not then send to you and make it known to you? ## +# will I not then send to you and make it known to you? -Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that he will tell David if Saul intends to harm him. AT: "then I will certainly send to you and make it known to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that he will tell David if Saul intends to harm him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "then I will certainly send to you and make it known to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## may Yahweh do to Jonathan and more also ## +# may Yahweh do to Jonathan and more also -Jonathan uses this oath for emphasis and speaks of himself in the third person. AT: “may Yahweh do to me whatever harm my father intends to do to you, and even more than that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. Jonathan uses this oath for emphasis and speaks of himself as if he were another person. AT: "may Yahweh do to me whatever harm my father intends to do to you, and even more than that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/14.md b/1sa/20/14.md index f935d5a955..de907f47b5 100644 --- a/1sa/20/14.md +++ b/1sa/20/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Jonathan asks David not to completely kill all his offspring so that a remnant will remain. -## will you not show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die? ## +# will you not show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die? -Jonathan asks this question to confirm that David will do this. AT: "please show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die." +Jonathan asks this question to confirm that David will do this. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "please show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh ## +# show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh -"show me the kind of covenant faithfulness that Yahweh shows" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." Possible meanings for "of Yahweh" are 1) "be faithful to me as Yahweh is faithful" or 2) "be faithful to me as Yahweh requires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## May Yahweh require an accounting from the hand of David’s ## +# house of David -Possible meanings are 1) "May Yahweh hold David's enemies accountable" or 2) "May Yahweh destroy David's enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" is a metonym for the people who live in the house. AT: "David's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May Yahweh require an accounting from the hand of the enemies of David + +The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Possible meanings are 1) "May Yahweh use David's enemies to punish David if David breaks this promise" or 2) "May Yahweh destroy the enemies of David." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/17.md b/1sa/20/17.md index 2eca11546a..e19d44efef 100644 --- a/1sa/20/17.md +++ b/1sa/20/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## he loved him as he loved his own soul ## +# he loved him as he loved his own soul -AT: "Jonathan loved David as he loved himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "his own soul" refers to himself. AT: "Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## You will be missed ## +# You will be missed -AT: "My father will miss you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My father will miss you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## when the business was in hand ## +# when the business was in hand -AT: "when everything happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "business was in hand" is an idiom that refers to when everything happened. AT: "when everything happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the stone Ezel ## +# the stone Ezel -"the stone that people call Ezel" \ No newline at end of file +"Ezel" was the name of the stone. AT: "the stone that people call Ezel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/20.md b/1sa/20/20.md index b66da1822a..ccb358eec4 100644 --- a/1sa/20/20.md +++ b/1sa/20/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jonathan continues to speak to David. -## to the side of it ## +# to the side of it -Here the word "it" refers to the stone by which David is hiding. +Here the word "it" refers to the stone by which David was to hide. -## my young man...the young boy ## +# my young man ... the young boy These refer to the same person. -## Look ## +# Look -AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## then come ## +# then come "then you, David, come" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/22.md b/1sa/20/22.md index 6b54b064d3..98371be53d 100644 --- a/1sa/20/22.md +++ b/1sa/20/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jonathan continues to speak to David. -## see ## +# see -The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “indeed” +The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "indeed" -## Yahweh is between you and me ## +# Yahweh is between you and me -AT: "Yahweh is a witness between you and me" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh is a witness between you and me" or "Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other" or 2) "May Yahweh be a witness between you and me" or "May Yahweh watch how we treat each other" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/24.md b/1sa/20/24.md index 9f895b2076..862d87be8b 100644 --- a/1sa/20/24.md +++ b/1sa/20/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Jonathan stood up ## +# Jonathan stood up -AT: "sat across from him" (UDB). Some ancient texts have "sat across from him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-manuscripts]]) \ No newline at end of file +Some ancient copies have "Jonathan sat across from him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-manuscripts]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/26.md b/1sa/20/26.md index bed63d7c2a..b95e29daf3 100644 --- a/1sa/20/26.md +++ b/1sa/20/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## He is not clean; surely he is not clean ## +# He is not clean; surely he is not clean -According to the Law of Moses, if one is ceremonial unclean they are not to participate in the feast until they are declared clean. Saul repeats this phrase for emphasis, as if he is trying to convince himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +According to the law of Moses, a person who is ceremonially unclean is not to participate in the feast until the priest declares that he is clean. Saul repeats this phrase as if he is trying to convince himself. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/28.md b/1sa/20/28.md index bcc23a4e4d..09851a621c 100644 --- a/1sa/20/28.md +++ b/1sa/20/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## if I have found favor in your eyes ## +# asked permission from me to go -AT: “if you are pleased with me” or “if I am your friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"asked me to allow him to go" + +# if I have found favor in your eyes + +Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:3](./03.md). AT: "I have pleased you" or "you consider me favorably" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the king's table + +Jonathan speaks of Saul as if he is another person to show that he respects Saul. AT: "your table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/30.md b/1sa/20/30.md index 806b67d13c..0fd6630e36 100644 --- a/1sa/20/30.md +++ b/1sa/20/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Saul’s anger burned against Jonathan ## +# Saul's anger burned against Jonathan -AT: "Saul became very angry with Jonathan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "anger burned" is a metonymy that refers to becoming very angry. AT: "Saul became very angry with Jonathan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## You son of a perverse, rebellious woman! ## +# You son of a perverse, rebellious woman! -Saul uses this phrase as a harsh rebuke to Jonathan and his concern for David. AT: "You stupid son of a prostitute" or "You stupid traitor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. Saul uses this phrase as a harsh rebuke to Jonathan and his concern for David. AT: "You stupid son of a prostitute" or "You stupid traitor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse...mother’s nakedness? ## +# Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse ... mother's nakedness? -Saul uses this question to emphasize that he knows that Jonathan and David are friends. AT: "I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse...mother's nakedness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Saul uses this question to emphasize that he knows that Jonathan and David are friends. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse ... mother's nakedness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## to the shame of your mother’s nakedness ## +# to the shame of your mother's nakedness -AT: "to the shame of your mother who gave birth to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "mother's nakedness" is an idiom that refers to the mother who gave birth to you. AT: "to the shame of your mother who gave birth to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## neither you nor your kingdom will be established ## +# neither you nor your kingdom will be established -AT: "you will not become king and will not establish your kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will not become king and will not establish your kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/32.md b/1sa/20/32.md index e15d9a0795..cb5d76a4e7 100644 --- a/1sa/20/32.md +++ b/1sa/20/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## he be put to death ## +# For what reason should he be put to death? What has he done? -AT: "you put him to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Jonathan is trying to get Saul to think carefully about what he is doing. This can be translated as a statement, and the words "should he be put to death" can be translated in active form. AT: "You have no good reason to put him to death. He has done nothing wrong." or "You have no good reason to kill him. He has done nothing wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## he was grieved over David ## +# the second day of the month -AT: "he was grieving over David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This "second" is an ordinal number which refers to two. AT: "the second day of the new moon festival" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## had dishonored him ## +# he was grieved over David -Here the word "him" refers to David. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he was grieving over David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# had dishonored him + +Here "him" refers to David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/35.md b/1sa/20/35.md index cbea3bd295..878464e0c9 100644 --- a/1sa/20/35.md +++ b/1sa/20/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## a young man was with him ## +# a young man was with him -Here the word "him" refers to Jonathan. +Here "him" refers to Jonathan. -## he shot an arrow beyond him ## +# he shot an arrow beyond him "Jonathan shot an arrow beyond the young man" -## Is not the arrow beyond you? ## +# Is not the arrow beyond you? -Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that the arrow is farther ahead of the young man. AT: "The arrow is beyond you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that the arrow is farther ahead of the young man. The uses of litotes also emphasizes this. The rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should know that the arrow is beyond you." or "The arrow is far beyond you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/38.md b/1sa/20/38.md index 03731f6137..f409cf2d51 100644 --- a/1sa/20/38.md +++ b/1sa/20/38.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## called after the young man ## +# called after the young man, "Hurry -"called out to the young man" \ No newline at end of file +"called out to the young man, who was running away from him, 'Hurry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/41.md b/1sa/20/41.md index 45f323f4ee..6dbf510ef0 100644 --- a/1sa/20/41.md +++ b/1sa/20/41.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## lay facedown on the ground, and bowed himself three times. ## +# the mound -David bowed before Jonathan who was still the King's son, worthy of such respect. Also, this was the last time David met with Jonathan. +It seems that David had hidden behind a pile of earth or stones. -## between you and me ## +# lay facedown on the ground, and bowed himself three times. -See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:22](./22.md). \ No newline at end of file +David bowed before Jonathan, who was still the King's son, worthy of such respect. Also, this was the last time David met with Jonathan. + +# May Yahweh be between you and me + +Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh is a witness between you and me" or "Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other" or 2) "May Yahweh be a witness between you and me" or "May Yahweh watch how we treat each other." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:23](./22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/20/intro.md b/1sa/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ee6214c4b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 1 Samuel 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jonathan warns David ##### +David tells Jonathan that Saul is still trying to kill him. Jonathan promises to find out if this is true. When David misses dinner two consecutive days, Saul asks about him. Jonathan says that David went home for an annual sacrifice. Saul gets angry at Jonathan, telling him he will never be king unless they kill David. Saul throws his spear at Jonathan. Jonathan warns David to run away, but first they both promise to always be friends. It was usually a king's son who became king after his death in the ancient Near East. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +David uses a powerful metaphor and an oath to impress Jonathan with the danger he is in: "But as truly as Yahweh lives, and as you live, there is but a step between me and death." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/01.md b/1sa/21/01.md index 29ab7af029..3c4dbb9d5e 100644 --- a/1sa/21/01.md +++ b/1sa/21/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## trembling ## +# Nob -generally a physical shaking resulting from fear or anxiety +place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## has charged me with a matter ## +# Ahimelech -AT: "has given me the responsibility to complete a task" \ No newline at end of file +a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# trembling + +shaking in fear + +# on a mission + +"to do work for him" + +# I have directed the young men to a certain place + +"I have told the young men to go to another place, and I will meet them there later" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/03.md b/1sa/21/03.md index f963325e9b..7ed6ff7660 100644 --- a/1sa/21/03.md +++ b/1sa/21/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Now then ## +# Now then -This phrase is used to transition from one subject to another in a conversation. +David is starting a new part of the conversation. -## what do you have on hand? ## +# what do you have on hand? -"on hand" means available. AT: "What food do you have available?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "on hand" is a metonymy meaning "available." AT: "What food do you have that you can give me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Give me five loaves of bread ## +# Give me five loaves of bread -In a command, the subject "you" is assumed. AT: "You give me five loaves of bread." +This is a polite request. -## ordinary bread ## +# ordinary bread -bread normally eaten, without unusual flavor or meaning. \ No newline at end of file +bread that the priests have not used in worship + +# holy bread + +bread that the priests have used in worship + +# if the young men have kept themselves from women + +This can be translated as a complete sentence. AT: "Your men may eat it if they have not slept with women recently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/05.md b/1sa/21/05.md index 04ef106b81..ec83004bcb 100644 --- a/1sa/21/05.md +++ b/1sa/21/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## three days ## +# women have been kept from us + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "we have kept ourselves from women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# three days "3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## When I set out ## +# when I set out -"When I began this journey or trip" +"when I begin a journey" -## ordinary journey ## +# The things belonging to the men have been set apart -an average or normal journey or trip +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The men have set what belongs to them apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## How much more then today will their bodies be holy? ## +# How much more today will what they have be set apart -AT: "Their bodies are more holy today than three days ago." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a statement, not a question. It can be translated in active form. AT: "It is especially true today that they will set apart what they have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the bread that was set apart + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the bread that the priests had set apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# which was removed from before Yahweh, in order to put + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "which the priests had removed from before Yahweh so that they could put" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/07.md b/1sa/21/07.md index d83395cbd8..de32334dfc 100644 --- a/1sa/21/07.md +++ b/1sa/21/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## and he saw what Ahimelech did. ## +# detained before Yahweh -UDB makes this implied info explicit. ULB treats it as an ellipsis. See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] +Possible meanings are that 1) Doeg had some religious work regarding Yahweh to do there. AT: "for some work before Yahweh" or 2) Yahweh detained Doeg there. AT: "because Yahweh had detained him there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## herdsman ## +# Doeg ... herdsmen -the keeper and protector of a herd, especially of cattle or sheep. \ No newline at end of file +You may need to say clearly that Doeg saw what David did. AT: "Doeg ... herdsmen, and he saw what Ahimelech did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Doeg + +man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# herdsmen + +the keepers and protectors of a herd, especially of cattle or sheep \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/08.md b/1sa/21/08.md index 9ecb7e64e9..54ef80a739 100644 --- a/1sa/21/08.md +++ b/1sa/21/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Now is there not here on hand any spear or sword? ## +# Now is there not here on hand any spear or sword? -AT: "Is a spear or sword available?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "on hand" is a metonymy meaning "available." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:3](./03.md). AT: "Do you have a spear or sword that you can give me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## weapons ## +# weapons -the name for the category of deadly arms: swords, knives, spears, etc. +a general name for such things as swords, knives, bows and arrows, and spears -## Valley of Elah ## +# Valley of Elah This is the name of a place in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/10.md b/1sa/21/10.md index 6c60e00013..dd870c90a8 100644 --- a/1sa/21/10.md +++ b/1sa/21/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Is not this David the king of the land? ## +# Is not this David, the king of the land? -They were probably exaggerating when they said that David was king of the land. They used this question to imply that David was a powerful enemy and Achish should not let him stay there. AT: "Is not this David our enemy's king?" or "This David is as dangerous as the king of the land" "This (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +They were probably exaggerating when they said that David was king of the land. They used this question to imply that David was a powerful enemy and Achish should not let him stay there. AT: "You know that this is David, who is as dangerous as the king of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Did they not sing to one another about him in dances? ## +# Did they not sing to one another about him in dances, 'Saul ... thousands?' -AT: "When the people of the land were dancing, they sang to each other about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that when the people of the land were dancing, they sang to each other about him, 'Saul ... thousands.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/12.md b/1sa/21/12.md index 37ebbb7c03..dcc6f11270 100644 --- a/1sa/21/12.md +++ b/1sa/21/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## David took these words to heart ## +# David took these words to heart -AT: "David thought seriously about what the servants said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "took ... to heart" is a metonymy to think seriously about what was said. AT: "David thought seriously about what the servants said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in their hands ## +# in their hands -"in their presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## let his saliva run down his beard ## - -"let the bodily fluids in his mouth run down the growth of hair on his lower face" \ No newline at end of file +Here "hands" are a synecdoche for the person. AT: "in their presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/14.md b/1sa/21/14.md index a85569efe2..04b148e886 100644 --- a/1sa/21/14.md +++ b/1sa/21/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Do I lack madmen, so that you have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence? ## +# Why have you brought him to me? -AT: "Did you bring this insane man to me because I do not have other insane people around me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Achish demands that his servants explain why they have brought David to him or 2) Achish is scolding them with a rhetorical question. AT: "You should have known not to bring him to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Will this fellow really come into my house? ## +# Do I lack madmen, so that you have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence? -AT: "I will not allow David to enter my house." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question is a rebuke. AT: "There are enough madmen here who waste my time. You should not have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Will this fellow really come into my house? + +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Do not allow this fellow to enter my house." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/21/intro.md b/1sa/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dcc24dbe27 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# 1 Samuel 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotes, songs, or poems. The ULB sets [1 Samuel 21:11](./10.md) apart through the use of indentation because it is a song. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David and the chief priest ##### +David visits the chief priest and lies to him about being on a special mission for the king. He asks for food, weapons, and prayer. The chief priest gives him some sacred bread and Goliath's sword and prays for him. + +##### David and the king of Gath ##### +David flees to Gath. The advisers to the king tell him that David is almost the king of Israel. David becomes afraid of the king and pretends to be insane. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +The king of Gath's advisers use two rhetorical questions to warn him about how dangerous David could be: "Is not this David the king of the land? Did they not sing to one another about him in dances, 'Saul has killed his thousands, and David his ten thousands?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/01.md b/1sa/22/01.md index ca6468c3de..02c04e5120 100644 --- a/1sa/22/01.md +++ b/1sa/22/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## cave ## +# cave -a hollow space under the ground, generally opening into the side of a hill; large enough for people to enter. +a hollow space under the ground, generally opening into the side of a hill, large enough for people to enter -## Everyone who was in distress, every one who was in debt, and every one who was discontented—they all gathered to him ## +# Adullam -AT: "Many people who were distressed, owed debts, or were unhappy came to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is the name of a town near the city of Gath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## four hundred ## +# heard it + +heard that David had gone to hide in the cave + +# Everyone who was in distress ... everyone who was discontented + +This is a generalization. AT: "Many people who were distressed ... many people who were unhappy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# captain + +military officer who leads soldiers + +# four hundred "400" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/03.md b/1sa/22/03.md index 0aed473a17..08312e5299 100644 --- a/1sa/22/03.md +++ b/1sa/22/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Then David went from there ## +# Then David went from there -"David went from the cave at Adullam" +"Then David went from the cave at Adullam" -## go into the land of Judah ## +# Mizpah -AT: "go to your home land of Judah" +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hereth ## +# go out with you + +David wanted his parents to live with the king of Moab so that King Saul would not be able to harm them. Translators can express his basic meaning by using the ideas of "come to stay with you," "stay with you," or "live here with you," as in the UDB. + +# go into the land of Judah + +"go to your home land of Judah" + +# Hereth This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/06.md b/1sa/22/06.md index d8edd95141..29e310f1c3 100644 --- a/1sa/22/06.md +++ b/1sa/22/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the tamarisk tree ## +# David had been discovered, along with the men who were with him + +Saul was most interested in David, so the writer mentions the other men separately. This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone had discovered where David and all the men who were with him were hiding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the tamarisk tree This is a type of tree. AT: "a large shade tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## in Ramah ## +# in Ramah -Ramah is the name of a place in Gibeah. The name means "high place." Possible meanings are 1) it refers here to the place called Ramah, or 2) it refers to any high place. AT: "on a hill" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Ramah is the name of a place in Gibeah. The name means "high place." Possible meanings are 1) it refers here to the place called Ramah, or 2) it refers to any high place. AT: "on a hill" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/07.md b/1sa/22/07.md index f32714a978..454269a7f5 100644 --- a/1sa/22/07.md +++ b/1sa/22/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and vineyards ## +# Will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and vineyards? -"David will not give you fields or vineyards." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Saul uses a question to emphasize that David, who is from the tribe of Judah, does not desire to do this for the people of the tribe of Benjamin. AT: "The son of Jesse will not give you fields or vineyards." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Will he make you all captains of thousands and captains of hundreds, in exchange for all of you plotting against me? ## +# Will the son of Jesse give -AT: "he will not make you generals or captains of the army as a reward for supporting him against me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The time when he will give can be made explicit. AT: "When the son of Jesse becomes king, will he give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## captain ## +# the son of Jesse -"military officer leading soldiers or troops" +"David" -## to lie in hiding ## +# Will he make you all captains ... me? -AT: "to hide" or "to be in hiding" \ No newline at end of file +Saul uses a question to emphasize that David, who is from the tribe of Judah, does not desire to do this for the people of the tribe of Benjamin. AT: "He will not make you captains ... against me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will he make you all captains + +You may need to make explicit when he will make them captains. AT: "When he becomes king, will he make you all captains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# captains of thousands and captains of hundreds + +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. AT: "captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions" See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/09.md b/1sa/22/09.md index 751befb1e5..abdc565d39 100644 --- a/1sa/22/09.md +++ b/1sa/22/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Ahitub ## +# Doeg the Edomite -This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +man's name. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:7](../21/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Nob ... Ahimelech + +place name and man's name. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:1](../21/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ahitub + +man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He prayed to Yahweh that he might help him, and he gave him + +Ahitub prayed to Yahweh that Yahweh might help David, and Ahitub gave David \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/11.md b/1sa/22/11.md index 2666296de6..a617f082f3 100644 --- a/1sa/22/11.md +++ b/1sa/22/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## in that you have given ## +# in that you have given "by giving" -## rise up ## +# rise up -"rebel" or "fight against" \ No newline at end of file +"rebel" or "fight" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/14.md b/1sa/22/14.md index f11aa23fba..f9fa0e3d3c 100644 --- a/1sa/22/14.md +++ b/1sa/22/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Who among all your servants is so faithful as David ## +# Who among all your servants is so faithful as David ... house? -"None of your servants is as faithful as David (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "None of your servants is as faithful as David ... house." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## bodyguard ## +# bodyguard -a person of group of people who protect someone +a person or group of people who protect someone -## Is today the first time I have prayed to God to help him? ## +# is honored in your house -Ahimelech asks himself this question before Saul can ask it, then immediately answers it. AT: "This is not the first time I have prayed to God to help David." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. This can be translated in active form. AT: "whom your family honors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Far be it from me! ## +# Is today the first time I have prayed to God to help him? -"Absolutely not!" [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Ahimelech asks himself this question before Saul can ask it, then immediately answers it. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "This is not the first time I have prayed to God to help David." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Far be it from me! + +This idiom means "Absolutely not!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Do not let the king impute anything to his servant or to all the house of my father. For your servant knows nothing + +Ahimelech speaks of himself in the third person as the "servant." Ahimelech also refers to Saul in the third person as "the king." Ahimelech speaks this way to show respect to Saul. AT: "Please, King Saul, do not consider me, your servant, or anyone in the house of my father to be guilty. For I know nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# impute + +to consider someone guilty + +# to all the house of my father + +Here "house" represents "family." AT: "to all my father's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/16.md b/1sa/22/16.md index 95cfb7aa47..513b2b7603 100644 --- a/1sa/22/16.md +++ b/1sa/22/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the guard that stood around him ## +# your father's house -"the military men standing nearby to protect him" +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. AT: "your father's family" or "your father's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## their hand also is with David ## +# the guard that stood around him -AT: "they plot with David against me" or "they are loyal to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"the soldiers standing nearby to protect him" -## would not put out their hand to kill the priests ## +# Turn and kill -This means they refused to obey Saul. AT: "did not move to kill the priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Turn" means to turn around or turn away from the king. AT: "Go and kill" or "Kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# their hand also is with David + +The word "hand" is a metonym for the work done with the hand. AT: "they also help David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# would not put out their hand to kill + +The word "hand" is a metonym for the work done with the hand. AT: "did not do anything to kill" or "refused to kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/18.md b/1sa/22/18.md index d865621229..f5e2e2b341 100644 --- a/1sa/22/18.md +++ b/1sa/22/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## eighty-five persons ## +# Turn and kill the priests ... turned and attacked the priests -five persons** - "85 people" or "85 priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Here "Turn" means to turn around or turn away from the king. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 22:17](./16.md). AT: "Go and kill the priests ... went and attacked" or "Kill the priest ... attacked the priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## With the edge of the sword ## +# Doeg the Edomite turned and attacked ... he killed ... he attacked ... He killed -"With a sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or 2) the word "Doeg" is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. AT: "Doeg and his men turned and attacked ... they killed ... they attacked ... They killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## he attacked Nob ## +# eighty-five persons -AT: "he killed many people in the city of Nob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"85 people" or "85 priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# With the edge of the sword + +Here the "edge of the sword" represent the whole sword. AT: "With a sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he attacked Nob + +Here "attacked" means killed. AT: "he killed many people in the city of Nob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/20.md b/1sa/22/20.md index 08fce29dfd..5ffd2f99af 100644 --- a/1sa/22/20.md +++ b/1sa/22/20.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# Abiathar + +man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/22.md b/1sa/22/22.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3a8fdd939e..0000000000 --- a/1sa/22/22.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -## I have occasioned the death of all the persons in your father's house ## - -AT: "I caused the deaths of all the people in your father's house" or "it is my fault that your father and all of his family have been killed." (UDB) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/22/intro.md b/1sa/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a50846a500 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# 1 Samuel 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +There are two stories in this chapter: David gathering a group of followers and Saul having all the priests and their families killed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David assembles a force of unhappy people ##### +David hides in the wilderness, and people in trouble come to him. Soon he has a force of 500 men. The prophet then tells him to leave the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +##### Saul and the chief priest's family ##### +Doeg tells Saul that Ahimelech the priest gave David food and a sword and prayed for him. Saul accuses the priests of encouraging David to rebel. This is a serious accusation because the priests are God's representatives and are rebelling against God's king if the accusation is true. Saul has the priests and all their families killed except those who escape to David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/01.md b/1sa/23/01.md index 8a4cae3181..52929df9b8 100644 --- a/1sa/23/01.md +++ b/1sa/23/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## threshing ## +# fighting against Keilah + +"Keilah" is the name of a town. Here "Keilah" represents the people who live there. AT: "fighting against the people of Keilah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# threshing separating the grain or seeds, generally from a cereal plant or wheat by some mechanical means \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/03.md b/1sa/23/03.md index cf4e5a178e..be78d61a00 100644 --- a/1sa/23/03.md +++ b/1sa/23/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## How much more then if we go to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines? ## +# How much more then if we go to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines? -AT: "We will be even more fearful if we go to Keilah to fight the armies of the Philistines." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We will be even more fearful if we go to Keilah to fight the armies of the Philistines." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/05.md b/1sa/23/05.md index 08fce29dfd..c8153e47de 100644 --- a/1sa/23/05.md +++ b/1sa/23/05.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# went ... fought ... led ... struck ... saved + +The writer pays the most attention to David, so these words are all singular, though David's men helped him do all these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Ahimelech + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:1](../21/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/07.md b/1sa/23/07.md index 9e22fa5a20..d1e7d723ad 100644 --- a/1sa/23/07.md +++ b/1sa/23/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## summoned ## +# Saul was told + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone told Saul" or "They told Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# summoned "called for" or "assembled" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/10.md b/1sa/23/10.md index bdcc328ff2..07ec3f1c8b 100644 --- a/1sa/23/10.md +++ b/1sa/23/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## David said ## +# David said -"David asked" or "David prayed" (UDB) +"David asked" or "David prayed" -## destroy ## +# your servant has indeed heard ... as your servant has heard ... tell your servant + +David speaks as if he were someone else to show his respect for Yahweh. AT: "I have indeed heard ... as I have heard ... tell me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# surrender me into his hand + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "give me over to Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# destroy "defeat completely" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/12.md b/1sa/23/12.md index 2307d5aa84..365ca21188 100644 --- a/1sa/23/12.md +++ b/1sa/23/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## David said ## +# David said -or "David asked" or "David prayed" (UDB) +or "David asked" or "David prayed" -## the men of Keilah surrender me...into the hand of Saul ## +# surrender me and my men into the hand of Saul -The men of Keilah will either actively capture David then deliver him to Saul, or passively create the situation that allowed Saul's men to capture David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "give me and my men over to Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/13.md b/1sa/23/13.md index 4b773592a6..ff700c7f0a 100644 --- a/1sa/23/13.md +++ b/1sa/23/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## six hundred ## +# six hundred -600 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"600" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## had escaped ## +# It was told Saul -"had run away from" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone told Saul" or "They told Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# had escaped + +"had run away from" + +# wilderness of Ziph + +This is the name of a deserted area near the city of Ziph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# did not give him into his hand + +The word "hand" is a metonymy for power. AT: "did not allow Saul to have power over David" or "did not allow Saul to do as he desired with David" or "did not allow Saul to capture David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/15.md b/1sa/23/15.md index a2bed40bc2..25bcaad2e6 100644 --- a/1sa/23/15.md +++ b/1sa/23/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## strengthened his hand in God ## +# seek his life -Encouraged him to trust in God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "try to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Horesh + +This is the name of city near Ziph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# strengthened his hand in God + +This is an idiom. AT "encouraged him to trust in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/17.md b/1sa/23/17.md index 071c1f4702..0af75982fc 100644 --- a/1sa/23/17.md +++ b/1sa/23/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## For the hand of Saul my father will not find you ## +# For the hand of Saul my father will not find you -"for Saul will not find you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" is a metonym for Saul and his power. AT: "For Saul my father will not find you" or "For Saul my father will never be able to have power over you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/19.md b/1sa/23/19.md index 0d6fc96d40..126ad15e37 100644 --- a/1sa/23/19.md +++ b/1sa/23/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Is not David hiding among us in the strongholds at Horesh...? ## +# Ziphites -AT: "David is hiding among us in the strongholds at Horesh...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of the people group from Ziph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Is not David hiding among us in ... Jeshimon? + +This rhetorical question can be translated as an exclamation. AT: "David is hiding among us in ... Jeshimon!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the hill of Hakilah + +This is the name of a hill in the wilderness of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jeshimon + +This is the name of a desert area near the Dead Sea. It can also be translated as "the Judean Wilderness" or "the wasteland." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# surrender him into the king's hand + +The word "hand" is a metonym for power. The Ziphites speak to Saul as if he were another man to show him that they respect him. AT: "give David to you so you can do whatever you desire with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/21.md b/1sa/23/21.md index ccdb19a51a..44a6417f28 100644 --- a/1sa/23/21.md +++ b/1sa/23/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## who has seen him ## +# May you be blessed by Yahweh -"who saw him" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I hope that Yahweh blesses you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you have had compassion on me + +The abstract noun "compassion" can be translated with the adjective "kind." Saul says this because they had told him about David and they were willing to help Saul capture David. AT: "you have been kind to me" or "you have kindly told this to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Learn and find out + +These two words mean almost the same thing and can be translated as one phrase. AT: "Know for sure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# who has seen him + +"who saw him" + +# It is told to me + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "People tell me" or "I have heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# among all the thousands of Judah + +This is an idiom. AT: "even if I have to arrest every man in Judah" or "among all the clans of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/24.md b/1sa/23/24.md index 384b372642..ed3481f903 100644 --- a/1sa/23/24.md +++ b/1sa/23/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## rocky hill ## +# Then they rose up -a hill covered with many rocks or boulders \ No newline at end of file +They stopped what they had been doing. The reader should not believe that they were sitting or lying. + +# Then they + +"Then the Ziphites" + +# Ziph + +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 23:14](./13.md). + +# Jeshimon + +This is the name of a desert area near the Dead Sea. It can also be translated as "the Judean Wilderness" or "the wasteland." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 23:19](./19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# David was told of it + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone told David that they were coming" or "David learned that they were coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# rocky hill + +a hill covered with many rocks or boulders + +# the wilderness of Maon + +This is the name of the deserted area around the city of Maon in southern Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/26.md b/1sa/23/26.md index 08fce29dfd..61f2b6640e 100644 --- a/1sa/23/26.md +++ b/1sa/23/26.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# Hurry and come + +The words "hurry" and "come" can be combined into one idea. AT: "Come quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/28.md b/1sa/23/28.md index 72bb3f2b61..f61845e606 100644 --- a/1sa/23/28.md +++ b/1sa/23/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## pursuing ## +# pursuing "chasing" or "following in order to catch" -## Rock of Escape ## +# Rock of Escape -A memorial or marker of David's escape from Saul. \ No newline at end of file +a memorial or marker of David's escape from Saul \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/23/intro.md b/1sa/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bed5435054 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 1 Samuel 23 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Saul chases David ##### +Saul wants to kill David, but David trusts in God who keeps rescuing him. David rescues the town of Keilah from the Philistines who are stealing their harvest. Saul goes to Keilah to capture David, but David flees to the wilderness near Ziph. When David goes deeper into the wilderness, Saul follows but he has to leave to fight the Philistines who have invaded the land. Saul's pursuit of David shows that Saul cares more about killing his enemies than pleasing God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +== Synecdoche== +Jonathan strengthens David with a synecdoche: "For the hand of Saul my father will not find you." This helps to strengthen David's faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/01.md b/1sa/24/01.md index 1a04f5f0c2..faaebe0180 100644 --- a/1sa/24/01.md +++ b/1sa/24/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## three thousand ## +# he was told + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone told him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# wilderness of Engedi + +Engedi is a place in Israel west of the Dead Sea where there is water with dry land all around it. + +# three thousand 3,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## wilderness of Engedi ## +# chosen men -Engedi is an oasis located in Israel west of the Dead Sea. \ No newline at end of file +men whom he had chosen because of their superior military abilities \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/03.md b/1sa/24/03.md index 7f4f75dd9b..712a1c9072 100644 --- a/1sa/24/03.md +++ b/1sa/24/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## sheep pens ## +# sheep pens "sheep corrals" or "sheep enclosures" -## relieve himself ## +# cover his feet -"relieve himself" is a euphemism to urinate or to defecate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a euphemism for "relieve himself" or "defecate" or "empty his intestines." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## cave ## +# cave -generally a natural hole underground, often with an opening in the side of a hill or cliff. +generally a natural hole under the ground, often with an opening in the side of a hill or cliff -## crept ## +# David arose and quietly crept -approached slowly, carefully or quietly. \ No newline at end of file +The word "arose" is an idiom for taking action. AT: "David took action; he quietly crept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# crept + +approached slowly, carefully or quietly \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/05.md b/1sa/24/05.md index 3506c292ae..88e3777246 100644 --- a/1sa/24/05.md +++ b/1sa/24/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## David’s heart afflicted him ## +# David's heart afflicted him -David had a deep respect for Saul as Yahweh's anointed one and as king of Israel. +This is an idiom. AT: "David was sad because he had done something wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## to put out my hand against him ## +# Yahweh's anointed -Since Saul was God's anointed one and chosen one to be king, David feared God's wrath on him if he harmed Saul. \ No newline at end of file +"the one whom Yahweh has chosen to lead his people" or "the one Yahweh has made king" + +# to put out my hand against him + +The hand is a metonym for the ability to cause harm. AT: "to harm him in any way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/08.md b/1sa/24/08.md index ac4de59342..5a23bf86b7 100644 --- a/1sa/24/08.md +++ b/1sa/24/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## and did respect to him ## +# Why do you listen to the men who say, 'See, David is seeking your harm? -"to display respect for Saul" - -## Why do you listen to the words of someone who says, 'See, David seeks to harm you? ## - -A rhetorical question containing the desired response. AT: "You should not listen to someone who says, 'See, David is seeking to harm you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not listen to the men who say, 'See, David is seeking to harm you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/10.md b/1sa/24/10.md index 1c50d01fbc..3ad8442b7b 100644 --- a/1sa/24/10.md +++ b/1sa/24/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## your eyes have seen ## +# your eyes have seen -"Your eyes" represent King Saul. AT: "you have become aware" or "you have learned." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "your eyes" represent King Saul. AT: "you have seen with your own eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## put you into my hand ## +# put you into my hand -to put Saul in the control of David to kill or spare his life. +The word "hand" is a metonym for control. AT: "put you where I could kill you or allow you to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for he is Yahweh's anointed ## +# my father -David fears Yahweh's respond regarding David's behavior towards King Saul. \ No newline at end of file +Saul was not David's real father. David calls him "father" to show that he respects Saul. + +# there is no evil or treason in my hand + +David speaks as if evil and treason were physical objects he could hold in his hand. Here "hand" represents a person acting or doing something. AT: "I have done no evil deed against you, nor have I rebelled against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/12.md b/1sa/24/12.md index f3df6c0425..e4ccff758d 100644 --- a/1sa/24/12.md +++ b/1sa/24/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## ancients ## +# my hand shall not be against you -"revered ancestors" or "elders" +The hand is a metonym for the ability to cause harm. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 24:6](./05.md). AT: "I will not harm you in any way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Yahweh avenge me against you, but my hand shall not be against you. ## +# ancients -David calls on Yahweh to judge between him and Saul. David also states he will not fight against King Saul. \ No newline at end of file +This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "people who lived long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/14.md b/1sa/24/14.md index 3022b92b9e..bf09a59c83 100644 --- a/1sa/24/14.md +++ b/1sa/24/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## After whom has the king of Israel come out? ## +# After whom has the king of Israel come out? After whom do you pursue? -AT: "The king does not need to come out after anyone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. When David asks the questions, he knows that he will answer the questions himself. AT: "Let me tell you who the king of Israel has come out after. Let me tell you who it is that you are pursuing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## After whom do you pursue? ## +# After a dead dog -AT: "You do not need to pursue anyone." This comment repeats the meaning of the previous comment, creating a doublet for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "dead dog" are a metaphor for a powerless person. This sentence can be made complete. AT: "You are pursuing a person who is as powerless as a dead dog" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## After a dead dog! ## +# After a flea -"After a powerless person!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "flea" is a metaphor for a person whom others do not consider important. AT: "You are pursuing a person who is as unimportant as a flea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## After a flea! ## +# see to it, and plead my cause -"After an insignificant person!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "do what is right, and plead my cause" or 2) "see that my cause is right and fight for me." + +# from your hand + +The word "hand" is a metonym for power. AT: "so that you have no power over me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/16.md b/1sa/24/16.md index 180e737d95..1a78bed581 100644 --- a/1sa/24/16.md +++ b/1sa/24/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## my son David ## +# my son David -Saul, for this moment, ceases to be controlled by an evil spirit, has clarity of mind, and comes to see David as his loyal son again. +Saul speaks as if David were his son to show David that he loves him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Saul lifted up his voice and wept ## +# lifted up his voice and wept -Saul is sorry for all the harm he has sought to do to David while under the influence of the evil spirit. \ No newline at end of file +The writer writes as if a voice were something a person could lift up with his hands. AT: "wept loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/17.md b/1sa/24/17.md index 4cea1d61a6..7437824084 100644 --- a/1sa/24/17.md +++ b/1sa/24/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## you have done good to me ## +# you have done good to me -Saul acknowledges that David did demonstrate his support and loyalty to King Saul by not killing him. +Saul acknowledges that David did show that he supported King Saul and was loyal to him by not killing him. -## for you did not kill me when Yahweh had put me at your mercy ## +# for you did not kill me when Yahweh had put me at your mercy -Saul acknowledges that David choose to show mercy and demonstrated his loyalty to King Saul as Yahweh's anointed. \ No newline at end of file +Saul acknowledges that David chose to show mercy and demonstrated his loyalty to King Saul as Yahweh's anointed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/19.md b/1sa/24/19.md index 3ee665d72d..ad94304d75 100644 --- a/1sa/24/19.md +++ b/1sa/24/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go safely? ## +# For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go safely? -A rhetorical question with the answer included in the question. AT " If a man finds his enemy, he will not let him go safely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +A rhetorical question with the answer included in the question. AT: "For if a man finds his enemy, he will not let him go safely." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go safely? ## +# For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go safely? -Where Saul had believed David was his enemy, comes to realize that even though David will be King, David will not usurp the throne from Saul, but will wait for Yahweh's appointed time. +Where Saul had believed David was his enemy, he learns that even though David will be king, David will not take over the throne from Saul by force, but will wait for Yahweh's appointed time. -## the kingdom of Israel will be established in your hand ## +# the kingdom of Israel will be established in your hand -AT: "you will rule over the whole kingdom of Israel". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) David will cause the kingdom of Israel to prosper through his power as king. AT: "the kingdom of Israel will prosper as you rule the Israelite people" or 2) Yahweh will cause David to have complete control over the kingdom of Israel. AT: "you will have complete rule over the kingdom of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in your hand + +The word "hand" is a metonym that represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/21.md b/1sa/24/21.md index 136d3b1088..b2f4cee4d6 100644 --- a/1sa/24/21.md +++ b/1sa/24/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## you will not cut off my descendants ## +# you will not cut off my descendants after me -It was common for a new king who was not from the previous family line to kill off all the children of the former king to prevent any of them from challenging him for the throne. +"you will not kill my sons and their families." It was common for a new king who was not from the previous family line to kill off all the children of the former king to prevent any of them from challenging him for the throne. -## you will not destroy my name ## +# you will not destroy my name out of my father's house -It is important for each family in Israel have descendants from generation to generation carrying on the family name and land inheritance. AT: "you will not destroy my family and descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +It is important for each family in Israel to have descendants from generation to generation carrying on the family name and land inheritance. AT: "you will not destroy my family and descendants" or "you will allow my family to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## David and his men ## +# David and his men "David and his army" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/24/intro.md b/1sa/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..99557ca0ca --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 1 Samuel 24 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +Even though Saul tries again and again to kill David, David does not avenge himself on Saul because God had chosen Saul as king. This is meant to contrast with Saul's treatment of David, the future king. Saul represents the king the people wanted, a selfish man. David is the king God wanted, a godly man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/01.md b/1sa/25/01.md index 121ac552c4..dc3c57e094 100644 --- a/1sa/25/01.md +++ b/1sa/25/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## gathered together ## +# All Israel gathered together and mourned for him + +This is likely a generalization. A large number of the people of Israel were probably there, but some were probably unable to attend. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# gathered together "met together" -## buried him in his house at Ramah ## +# buried him in his house at Ramah -Possible meanings are 1) Samuel was buried in his home town of Ramah or 2) Samuel was buried on his land but not physically in his house in Ramah or 3) Samuel was buried in his house at Ramah. +Possible meanings are that they buried Samuel 1) in his home town of Ramah or 2) on his family's land in Ramah but not physically in the house or 3) in his house in Ramah. -## Then David rose ## +# David rose and went down -An expression for David taking action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"David and his men moved on and they went down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/02.md b/1sa/25/02.md index c433b642dc..8df5ead824 100644 --- a/1sa/25/02.md +++ b/1sa/25/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## Maon ## +# There was a man in Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel. The man was very wealthy. He had three thousand sheep and one thousand goats. He was shearing his sheep in Carmel. The man's name was Nabal, and the name of his wife was Abigail. The woman was intelligent and beautiful in appearance. But the man was harsh and evil in his dealings. He was a descendant of the house of Caleb. -a region of Land that was captured by Caleb when Israel took possession of the land. +Some translators may need to put the ideas in these verses in a different order. AT: "There was a man whose name was Nabal, a descendant of the house of Caleb, who was very wealthy. He lived in Maon, but his possessions were in Carmel. He had three thousand sheep and one thousand goats. The man was harsh and evil in his dealings. The name of his wife was Abigail. The woman was intelligent and beautiful in appearance. Now he was shearing his sheep in Carmel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## three thousand ## +# Maon -3000 (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## one thousand ## +# Carmel -1000 +This is the name of a town. This is different from Mount Carmel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## shearing his sheep ## +# three thousand -"shaving the wool off his sheep." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +3,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one thousand + +1,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# shearing his sheep + +"shaving the wool off his sheep" + +# Nabal + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Abigail + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He was a descendant of the house of Caleb + +Here "house" represents family. AT: "He was a descendant of the family of Caleb" or "He was a descendant of Caleb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/04.md b/1sa/25/04.md index 5fd918be9f..db7c008eb9 100644 --- a/1sa/25/04.md +++ b/1sa/25/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## shearing his sheep ## +# shearing his sheep -AT: "shaving the wool off his sheep". See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] +"shaving the wool off his sheep" -## greet him in my name ## +# greet him in my name -AT: "greet him as my ambassador". +"greet him as I would greet him if I were there" -## Live in prosperity ## +# Live in prosperity -AT: "I desire that you may live in prosperity" +"I desire that you may live in prosperity." The abstract noun "prosperity" can be translated as a verb. AT: "I desire that you possess many good things as long as you live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Peace to you and peace to your house, and peace be to all that you have ## +# Peace to you and peace to your house, and peace be to all that you have -AT: "I desire that peace may come to you, your household and your possessions" \ No newline at end of file +"I desire that peace may come to you, your household and your possessions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/07.md b/1sa/25/07.md index 06f40e59b6..41a4cbf1b3 100644 --- a/1sa/25/07.md +++ b/1sa/25/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## we did them no harm, and they missed nothing ## +# you have shearers -David is pointing out how he and his men offered protection to Nabal's servants and flocks. +"your shearers are working" or "your shearers have sheep to shear." David wants his men to speak so that Nabal understands that his sheep were well because David's men helped guard them. -## let my young men find favor in your eyes ## +# we did them no harm, and they missed nothing -"let your grace be visible to my young men" or "I ask you to please be kind to us" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +David is pointing out how he and his men offered protection to Nabal's servants and flocks. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "we kept them and all their property from harm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## a festive day ## +# let my young men find favor in your eyes -"a day of celebration." English word order allows this phrase to move to either the beginning or end of the sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-order]]) +Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "may you be pleased with my young men" or "may you consider my young men favorably" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to your servants ## +# to your servants David was expressing respect toward Nabal by calling his men Nabal's servants. -## your son David ## +# your son David -David was expressing respect and submission toward Nabal as if he were Nabal's son. \ No newline at end of file +David spoke as if he were Nabal's son to show that he respected Nabal, who was an older man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/09.md b/1sa/25/09.md index f1101ad48d..4144b450c2 100644 --- a/1sa/25/09.md +++ b/1sa/25/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## David's young men ## +# David's young men "David's army" -## Who is David? And who is the son of Jesse? ## +# said all of this to Nabal on David's behalf -These rhetorical questions show that Nabal considers David an unknown or unimportant person. Also, since David was fleeing Saul, Nabal thinks David might be a slave fleeing from his master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]],[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"gave Nabal David's complete message" -## my bread ## +# Who is David, and who is the son of Jesse? -any kind of food (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Nabal probably knew who David was, but he did not want to help David. (See: [1 Samuel 18:6-7](../18/06.md)). The words "servants ... breaking away from their masters" in verse 10 probably refer to David breaking away from Saul. These two rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. AT: "This David son of Jesse you speak of—I do not know him." or "I do not know who this David is, so I will not do as he says. I do not know who Jesse is, so I do not care what happens to his son." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## men who come from I do not know where ## +# breaking away from -AT: "men whom I do not know" \ No newline at end of file +"running away from" or "rebelling against" + +# my bread + +Here "bread" is an idiom for any kind of food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# men who come from I do not know where + +"men when I do not know where they have come from" or "men whom I do not know" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/12.md b/1sa/25/12.md index c041e2916c..b27f6ecdca 100644 --- a/1sa/25/12.md +++ b/1sa/25/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## said to his men ## +# that was said -AT: "said to his army." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Nabal had said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## four hundred ## +# said to his men -400 (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"said to his army" -## two hundred ## +# "Every man strap on his sword." So every man strapped on his sword. David also strapped on his sword -200 +If swords are not known in your language, you can treat "strap on his sword" as a metonymy meaning to prepare for war. AT: "'Every man, prepare for war.' And every man prepared for war. David also prepared for war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## stayed by the baggage ## +# four hundred -Remained at their base camp to prevent other raiders from stealing their possessions. \ No newline at end of file +400 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# two hundred + +200 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# stayed by the baggage + +They remained at their base camp to prevent other raiders from stealing their possessions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/14.md b/1sa/25/14.md index 4e8d1cebdd..ad0122241e 100644 --- a/1sa/25/14.md +++ b/1sa/25/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## harm ## +# But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife -physical or mental injury or damage +You may need to make explicit what the young man did before he spoke with Abigail. AT: "One of Nabal's servants found out what David and his men were planning to do, so he went to Nabal's wife Abigail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and did not miss anything as long as we went with them ## +# We were not harmed -David's men kept wild animals and other people from stealing Nabal's flocks. AT: "we did not lose anything when we were with them." \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Nobody harmed us" or "We were safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# did not miss anything as long as we went with them + +"we did not lose anything when we were with them." David's men kept wild animals and other people from stealing Nabal's flocks. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/16.md b/1sa/25/16.md index d0faecff63..4697d96cf5 100644 --- a/1sa/25/16.md +++ b/1sa/25/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## They were a wall ## +# They were a wall -David's men were like a wall around a city that protects the people in the city from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +David's men were like a wall around a city that protects the people in the city from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# evil is plotted against our master + +The speaker is careful not to name the one plotting the evil. This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone is plotting to do evil things to our master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# our master + +The speaker speaks of David as if David were another person to show that he respects David. AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/18.md b/1sa/25/18.md index 05bff69668..717c96ada9 100644 --- a/1sa/25/18.md +++ b/1sa/25/18.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## two hundred ## +# two hundred 200 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## loaves of bread ## +# loaves -a loaf of bread is like a cake of bread (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/bread]]) +A loaf is like a cake. You may need to make explicit what the loaves consisted of. AT: "loaves of bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## two skins of wine ## +# already prepared -wine could be carried in a container made of animal skins, often from the skins of goats +"that someone had already cooked" or "ready for someone to cook" -## prepared ## +# measures -"cooked" or "ready for someone to cook" +This is a generic term as none is given. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## measure ## +# parched grain -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +"grain that someone had cooked" -## parched grain ## - -"cooked grain" - -## clusters of raisins ## +# clusters of raisins "cakes of raisins" or "masses of raisins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/20.md b/1sa/25/20.md index 753ac9ba28..fbfcbe3bfe 100644 --- a/1sa/25/20.md +++ b/1sa/25/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## David and his men ## +# David and his men -"David and his army" \ No newline at end of file +"David and his army" + +# by the cover of the mountain + +Possible meanings are 1) into a low, narrow stream bed or 2) to where the men were hiding. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/21.md b/1sa/25/21.md index ae708de9f5..e46c27eafd 100644 --- a/1sa/25/21.md +++ b/1sa/25/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Change in narrative to David getting ready to attack Nabal. +# Connecting Statement: -## Now David ## +The writer gives background information before he continues with the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -"Now" marks a change in the narrative from Abigail back to David. +# Now David had said, "Surely ... to him." -## May God do so to me, David ## +The reader needs to understand that David had said these things before he said, "Every man strap on his sword" in [1 Samuel 25:13](./12.md). + +# Now David + +The word "Now" shows that the writer has stopped writing about Abigail and started writing about David. + +# nothing was missed of all that belonged to him + +This can be stated positively and in active form. AT: "he still has everything that was his" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# May God do so to me, David The Hebrew text has "May God strike the enemies of David," and some versions follow this. However, the reading of the ULB follows the main Greek tradition of the Old Testament, as some other modern versions do. -## belonged to ## +# all who belong -"was owned by" - -## male ## - -Male, not female. \ No newline at end of file +"all the people who belong to him" or "those in his family" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/23.md b/1sa/25/23.md index ed3ad7921d..a8d7da434a 100644 --- a/1sa/25/23.md +++ b/1sa/25/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Abigail seeks to pacify David's lust for revenge. +# Connecting Statement: -## lay before David facedown and bowed herself to the ground ## +The writer has finished giving background information, so he continues the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -This was an act of humility and submission to David as being a powerful leader. +# lay before David facedown and bowed herself to the ground -## listen to ## +Abigail was being humble and showing that she would obey David because he was a powerful leader. + +# listen to "hear" -## your servant ## +# my master ... your servant ... words of your servant -Abigail's use of "servant" establishes her inferior, respectful relationship with David. \ No newline at end of file +"you ... my words." Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two different people to show that she respects David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/25.md b/1sa/25/25.md index 2e6dcc9700..7c99c09772 100644 --- a/1sa/25/25.md +++ b/1sa/25/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Abigail continues to counsel David from taking revenge +# Connecting Statement: -## worthless fellow, Nabal ## +Abigail continues to advise David not to take revenge. -Nabal was a man without honor or respect. +# Let not my master regard ... I your servant ... the young men of my master ... my master ... my master -## But I...did not see...whom you sent ## +Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two different people to show that she respects David. AT: "Do not regard ... I ... your young men ... my master ... you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -Abagail explains that she was not aware of David's men. Implying that she would not have sent them away empty handed. +# But I ... did not see ... whom you sent -## Yahweh has restrained you from bloodshed, and from avenging yourself with your own hand ## +You may need to make explicit what Abigail would have done. AT: "But if I ... had seen ... whom you sent, I would have given them food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"Bloodshed" and "avenging yourself with your own hand" are similar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# bloodshed -## let your enemies, and those who seek to do evil to my lord ## +murder -"your enemies" and "those who seek to do evil" express the same concept. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# avenging yourself with your own hand + +The hand is a metonym for what a person does with the hand. Abigail assumes that David should allow Yahweh to take vengeance for him. AT: "taking vengeance yourself instead of letting Yahweh do it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let your enemies ... be like Nabal + +Abigail speaks as if Yahweh has already punished Nabal. AT: "I hope that Yahweh will punish your enemies ... as he will punish Nabal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/27.md b/1sa/25/27.md index f7beef5a2e..0a84c5e662 100644 --- a/1sa/25/27.md +++ b/1sa/25/27.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Abigail continues pacify David's anger. +# Connecting Statement: -## make my lord a sure house ## +Abigail continues to tell David not to be angry. -AT: "make David's family a leading or ruling family in Israel" or AT: "reward you by allowing many of your descendants to become kings of Israel" (UDB) +# this present -## my lord is fighting the battles of Yahweh ## +"these gifts." The "present" was actually many different things. -Abigail knew and understood that David's raiding parties were against Israel's enemies. \ No newline at end of file +# your servant ... my master ... my master ... the trespass of your servant ... my master ... my master + +Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two different people to show that she respects David. AT: "I ... you ... you ... my trespass ... you ... you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# let this present ... be given to the young men + +Abigail uses the passive to show her respect for David. This can be translated in active form. AT: "please give it to the young men" or "please let my master give it to the young men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh will certainly make my master a sure house + +Here "house" is an idiom used for "descendants." AT: "Yahweh will ensure that my master always has a descendant who serves as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# fighting the battles of Yahweh + +"fighting against Yahweh's enemies" + +# evil will not be found in you + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one will ever see you do any evil thing" or "you will never do anything evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/29.md b/1sa/25/29.md index 6321e39c30..3dc12eead8 100644 --- a/1sa/25/29.md +++ b/1sa/25/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## pursue ## +# pursue "chase" or "hunt" -## will be bound in the bundle of the living by Yahweh your God ## +# the life of my master will be bound in the bundle of the living by Yahweh your God -David's life is tied together with Yahweh. One can not separate David's life from the life found in Yahweh. +Abigail speaks of David's life as if it were a long and thin object that a person could put with other long and thin objects and then tie together into a bundle with a rope. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh your God will bind the life of my master in the bundle of the living" or "Yahweh your God will keep you alive with those who are alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## bundle ## +# the life of my master -As a collection of things bound together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two different people to show that she respects David. AT: "your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## a sling ## +# he will sling away the lives of your enemies, as from the pocket of a sling -a "sling" consists of a small pouch with two long strips of leather or string attached. A rock placed in the pouch could be spun and released at great speed toward a target. \ No newline at end of file +Abigail speaks of David's enemies' lives as if they were small objects like a stone that could be put in a sling and shot a long distance. AT: "he will kill your enemies as easily as a man slings a stone a long distance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a sling + +a piece of animal skin with long cords at both ends in which a person can put a stone or other small, hard object and throw it a long distance \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/30.md b/1sa/25/30.md index 34ca7c2c5e..3f7075eba6 100644 --- a/1sa/25/30.md +++ b/1sa/25/30.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Abigail continues to reason with David. -## this matter will be no sorrow to you ## +# my master ... my master ... my master ... your servant -Abigail is stating that if David chooses to refrain from taking revenge he will have a clear conscience when Yahweh makes him king of Israel. +Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two different people to show that she respects David. "you ... you ... you ... me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## the good things which he has promised you ## +# This will not be a staggering burden for you + +Abigail is stating that if David chooses not to take revenge he will have a clear conscience when Yahweh makes him king of Israel. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "You will always be glad you acted as you did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# when Yahweh will do good for my master That is, when Yahweh actually makes him king after Saul's reign is over. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/32.md b/1sa/25/32.md index 54f68d4582..e5aefe4813 100644 --- a/1sa/25/32.md +++ b/1sa/25/32.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + David accepts Abigail's counsel and gifts. -## guilt over shedding blood ## +# May Yahweh ... be blessed, he who -David's guilt would have included the killing of Nabal's servants who supported David's request for food before Nabal. \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "I praise Yahweh ... who" or 2) "May all people praise Yahweh ... who." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Your wisdom is blessed and you are blessed, because + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I thank Yahweh because he has blessed you by making you wise and because" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# bloodshed + +murder. The same word appears in [1 Samuel 25:26](./25.md). + +# with my own hand + +The word "hand" here is a metonym for the action taken by the hand. AT: "by my own actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/34.md b/1sa/25/34.md index 244bd78c86..ead6ce961e 100644 --- a/1sa/25/34.md +++ b/1sa/25/34.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -David accepts Abigail's gifts and counsel. +# General Information: -## as one male baby ## +David accepts Abigail's gifts and agrees to do as she has advised him. -every male would have been killed from the oldest to the youngest. +# there would certainly have not been left to Nabal so much as one male baby -## received from her hand ## +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I would not have left to Nabal even one male baby" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -an expression for David accepting all the gifts that Abigail brought with her. It is unlikely that Abigail unloaded all the donkeys herself and handed all the food to David personally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# received from her hand + +This is an idiom. Abigail did not unload all gifts from the donkeys herself. AT: "accepted all the gifts that she had brought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# have listened to your voice + +The word "voice" is a metonym for the message the person speaks and a synecdoche for the person who speaks. AT: "have listened to what you have told me" or "will do as you have advised me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/36.md b/1sa/25/36.md index 2c4f63ac03..2ba97822ad 100644 --- a/1sa/25/36.md +++ b/1sa/25/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## morning light ## +# morning light -"dawn" - the first appearance of the sun's light in the morning.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +dawn -## like the feast of a king ## +# Nabal's heart was merry within him -The feast in his house is described in this manner to make the reader understand the majesty and magnificence of the feast in his house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -## Nabal’s heart was merry within him ## - -Nabal was drunk (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Nabal was very happy \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/37.md b/1sa/25/37.md index d591e21c68..57bb3e1dad 100644 --- a/1sa/25/37.md +++ b/1sa/25/37.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh's judgement on Nabal +# General Information: -## his heart died within him ## +Yahweh's judgment on Nabal -Possible meanings are 1) Nabal had a stroke or heart attack that left him immobile or 2) Nabal became very afraid. +# the wine had gone out of Nabal -## Yahweh attacked Nabal so that he died ## +Nabal was no longer drunk and so was no longer feeling happy. -Yahweh caused Nabal to die. \ No newline at end of file +# his heart died within him + +Nabal was unable to move because was so afraid that he was no longer physically healthy, probably because he had suffered a stroke. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/39.md b/1sa/25/39.md index 0a54a2e763..a6dd3b4e04 100644 --- a/1sa/25/39.md +++ b/1sa/25/39.md @@ -1 +1,31 @@ -David offers marriage protection to Abigail. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +David offers to protect Abigail by marrying her. + +# May Yahweh be blessed + +This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 25:32](./32.md). Possible meanings are 1) AT: "I praise Yahweh" or 2) AT: "May all people praise Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# has taken up the cause of my insult from the hand of Nabal + +This is an idiom. AT: "has defended me after Nabal insulted me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# has taken up the cause of my insult + +The abstract nouns "cause" and "insult" can be translated as verbs. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "has shown that what I was doing was right by punishing Nabal for insulting me" or 2) AT: "has acted, when Nabal insulted me, as if Nabal had insulted him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# has kept back his servant from evil + +David speaks as if he were another person to show his respect for Yahweh. AT: "has kept me back from doing evil deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# has turned Nabal's evil action back on his own head + +The abstract noun "action" can be translated as a verb. AT: "has done to Nabal what Nabal planned to do to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# on his own head + +The head is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# sent and spoke to Abigail, to take her to himself as wife + +You may make clear the understood information. AT: "sent men to speak to Abigail and tell her that David wanted to take her to be his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/41.md b/1sa/25/41.md index 1968c6e28c..69adff5403 100644 --- a/1sa/25/41.md +++ b/1sa/25/41.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## She arose, bowed herself... ## +# She arose, bowed herself -Abigail responded by bowing +Abigail responded by bowing. The reader should understand that she was probably already standing when the men were talking to her in [1 Samuel 25:40](./39.md), and so the word "arose" is a metonym for deciding to bow down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## See, your female servant is a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord ## +# See, your female servant is a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my master -Abigail humbles herself as David's new wife by offering to wash the feet of David's servants. \ No newline at end of file +Abigail speaks as if she were another person to show that she is humble. She shows that she desires to be David's new wife by offering to wash the feet of David's servants. AT: "See, I will serve you, the servants of my master David, by washing your feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# hurried and arose, and rode + +You may need to make explicit what Abigail did after she arose and before she rode. AT: "quickly did what she needed to do to prepare for the journey, and then she rode" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# five servant girls of hers who followed her + +Abigail was riding a donkey, but the servant girls were walking. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/43.md b/1sa/25/43.md index a4ca4b43c8..95e089f9f6 100644 --- a/1sa/25/43.md +++ b/1sa/25/43.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -The narrative takes a short break to mention David's current wives. +# Now David had also taken Ahinoam ... Saul had given Michal -## Ahinoam, Michal, Palti, Laish ## +These events took place before David married Abigail. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -names of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Ahinoam ... Michal -## Gallim ## +These are names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -a town, north of Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +# Paltiel ... Laish + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gallim + +This is a town north of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/25/intro.md b/1sa/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aeb522e14d --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# 1 Samuel 25 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Revenge ##### +When David decides to kill all of the men in Nabal's household, Abigail convinces David not to avenge himself but to leave revenge to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + + + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/01.md b/1sa/26/01.md index 0f78bd113e..03a1e62a4b 100644 --- a/1sa/26/01.md +++ b/1sa/26/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## "Is not David hiding in the hill of Hachilah, which is before the wilderness?" ## +# Is not David hiding ... Jeshimon? -AT: "David certainly must be hiding in the hill of Hachilah, which is near the desert." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as an exclamation. AT: "David is hiding ... Jeshimon!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Then Saul arose ## +# before Jeshimon -an idiomatic expression for "taking action." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"from which we can see Jeshimon" -## three thousand ## +# Jeshimon -3,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a desert area near the Dead Sea. It can also be translated as "the Judean Wilderness" or "the wasteland." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 23:19](../23/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Then Saul arose and went + +The word "arose" is an idiom for taking action. AT: "Then Saul took action and he went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# three thousand + +3,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# chosen men + +men whom he had chosen because of their superior military abilities \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/03.md b/1sa/26/03.md index a8f5a60ea2..028b362644 100644 --- a/1sa/26/03.md +++ b/1sa/26/03.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# before Jeshimon + +"from which they could see Jeshimon" + +# Jeshimon + +This is the name of a desert area near the Dead Sea. It can also be translated as "the Judean Wilderness" or "the wasteland." See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 23:19](../23/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/05.md b/1sa/26/05.md index 08fce29dfd..9979ad7974 100644 --- a/1sa/26/05.md +++ b/1sa/26/05.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# David arose and went + +"David took action and he went" + +# Abner ... Ner + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/06.md b/1sa/26/06.md index 8b933cde3f..2822ba71c7 100644 --- a/1sa/26/06.md +++ b/1sa/26/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## go down...to ## +# Ahimelech ... Abishai -AT: "visit" - suggesting from an uphill position to a downhill location. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## pin him to the ground with the spear ## +# Zeruiah -AT: "kill with a spear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## I will not strike him a second time ## +# go down ... to -AT: "The first strike will kill him and a second strike will not be necessary" (See UDB) +David and his men were probably on higher ground than Saul. -## Ahimelech, Abishai, Zeruiah, Joab ## +# I! I will go down -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +"I want to be the one who goes down" + +# God has put your enemy into your hand + +Abishai speaks as if the enemy were a small object that God had put into David's hand. The word "hand" is a metonym for the power the hand can wield. AT: "God has given you complete control over your enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# pin him to the ground with the spear + +This is a metonym that refers to "kill with a spear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not strike him a second time + +"I will kill him the first time I strike him" or "I will not need to strike him a second time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/09.md b/1sa/26/09.md index 71a0148be7..af3a5c5165 100644 --- a/1sa/26/09.md +++ b/1sa/26/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## who can extend his hand against Yahweh’s anointed one and be guiltless ## +# who can extend his hand against Yahweh's anointed one and be guiltless? -AT: " No-one can strike Yahweh's anointed one justly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "No one can strike Yahweh's anointed one and be without guilt." or "Anyone who strikes Yahweh's anointed one will be guilty of murder." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## As Yahweh lives ## +# As Yahweh lives -AT: "as certainly as Yahweh lives" or "as surely as Yahweh lives" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"as certainly as Yahweh lives" or "as surely as Yahweh lives" + +# his day will come to die + +"he will die a natural death" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/11.md b/1sa/26/11.md index f01d291e14..8191a7e66a 100644 --- a/1sa/26/11.md +++ b/1sa/26/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## and let us go ## +# extend my hand against -This is an inclusive use of the pronoun "us". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +The hand is a metonym for the harm a hand can do. AT: "do anything to harm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a deep sleep from Yahweh had fallen on them ## +# let us go -Yahweh had caused them to sleep. \ No newline at end of file +David includes Abishai, so the "us" here is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# a deep sleep from Yahweh had fallen on them + +Yahweh had caused them to sleep deeply. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/13.md b/1sa/26/13.md index e7cdc94ed9..7575b699ae 100644 --- a/1sa/26/13.md +++ b/1sa/26/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## shouted ## +# Do you not answer, Abner? -"spoke loudly" to be heard on the summit of the other mountain. \ No newline at end of file +David uses a question to shame Abner into answering. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Answer me, Abner!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# shouted + +"spoke as loudly as he could" so Saul and his men could hear him \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/15.md b/1sa/26/15.md index 0bf5791d40..fced641be9 100644 --- a/1sa/26/15.md +++ b/1sa/26/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Are not you a courageous man? ## +# Are not you a courageous man? -"You are a courageous man" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +David uses a question to rebuke Abner for not guarding Saul. AT: "You are a very brave man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Who is like you in Israel? ## +# Who is like you in Israel? -AT: "you are the greatest man in Israel" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +David uses a question to rebuke Abner for not guarding Saul. AT: "You are the greatest soldier in Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why then have you not kept watch over your lord the king? ## +# Why then have you not kept watch over your master the king? -Abner was courageous yet failed in his duty to protect the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) this is a real question and David wants Abner to answer him or 2) this is a rhetorical question and David is rebuking Abner. AT: "Therefore you should have kept watch over your master the king!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/17.md b/1sa/26/17.md index e2a2bb7219..a2bba0e2fe 100644 --- a/1sa/26/17.md +++ b/1sa/26/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## my son David ## +# my son -Saul established his desired (not actual) relationship with David by using the term "son." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Saul was not David's true father. Saul speaks as if he were David's father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## What have I done? What evil is in my hand? ## +# Why does my master pursue his servant? -This repetition of a question becomes a doublet, emphasizing the point made. AT: "Clearly, I have done nothing against you. I have no evil plans." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or 2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "My master has no reason to pursue his servant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why does my master pursue his servant? + +Here David speaks of Saul in third person calling him "my master," and he speaks of himself in third person calling himself "his servant." David speaks this way to show respect to Saul. AT: "Why are you, my master, pursuing me, your servant?" or "Why are you pursuing me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# What have I done? + +Possible meanings are 1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or 2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that I have done nothing to harm you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What evil is in my hand? + +This speaks of evil as if it were an object that is held in the hand. Here "hand" represents a person acting or doing something. Possible meanings are 1) David really does want Saul to answer the question. AT: "What have I done wrong?" or 2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I have done nothing wrong!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/19.md b/1sa/26/19.md index 5f0d2eac45..b568b23ed1 100644 --- a/1sa/26/19.md +++ b/1sa/26/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## do not let my blood fall to the earth ## +# you, let my master the king listen to the words of his servant ... the king of Israel -"do not kill me. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +David speaks as if he and the king were other people to show respect to Saul. AT: "you my king, listen to my words ... you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## to look for a flea ## +# stirred you up against me -David is to Saul as a flea is to a human being [insignificant]. Alternate Meaning: David is able to hide easily, as if he is a flee or a wild bird in the mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"caused you to be angry with me" -## as when one hunts a partridge in the mountains ## +# let him accept an offering -Saul is chasing David as if he were hunting wild game such as a partridge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +You may need to make explicit the reason he will give an offering. AT: "I will give him an offering so he will no longer cause you to be angry with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# may they be cursed in the sight of Yahweh + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "may Yahweh decide to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for they have today driven me out, that I should not cling to the inheritance of Yahweh; they have said to me, 'Go worship other gods.' + +"for they have today driven me out. It is as if they want me to stop clinging to the inheritance of Yahweh. It is as if they have said to me, 'Go worship other gods.'" + +# that I should not cling to the inheritance of Yahweh + +"so that I will no longer trust that Yahweh will give me what he has promised me" + +# do not let my blood fall to the earth + +This is a polite way of saying "do not kill me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the one flea + +David uses the word "flea" as a metaphor for a person, himself, who cannot do any great harm. AT: "this single flea" or "me, and I cannot harm you any more than one flea can" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as when one hunts a partridge in the mountains + +Saul is chasing David as if he were hunting a valuable wild bird. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/21.md b/1sa/26/21.md index 08fce29dfd..be321a678e 100644 --- a/1sa/26/21.md +++ b/1sa/26/21.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# Return + +Possible meanings are 1) "Return to serve me in my palace" or "Return to your home." + +# my son + +Saul was not David's true father. Saul speaks as if he were David's father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my life was precious in your eyes today + +Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "today you have considered my life to be very valuable" or "today you showed me that you really do respect me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# played the fool + +"been very foolish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/22.md b/1sa/26/22.md index a8c1d22e32..e98b9feee2 100644 --- a/1sa/26/22.md +++ b/1sa/26/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Yahweh put you into my hand today ## +# Yahweh put you into my hand today -"Yahweh gave me an opportunity to attack you today" or "Yahweh placed me where I could easily have killed you" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "hand" is a metonym for the person's power. "Yahweh gave me an opportunity to attack you today" or "Yahweh placed me where I could easily have killed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## pay ## +# pay -"honor" or "reward" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"honor" or "reward" + +# his anointed + +David speaks as if Saul were another person to show that he respects Saul because Saul is king. AT: "the one he has chosen to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/24.md b/1sa/26/24.md index 042dd9c6e6..39a088bdba 100644 --- a/1sa/26/24.md +++ b/1sa/26/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## precious in my eyes ## +# your life was precious in my eyes today -"precious to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 26:21](./21.md). AT: "I have considered your life to be very valuable" or "I showed you today that I really do respect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## valued in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# so may my life be much valued in the eyes of Yahweh -"valuable to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "so may Yahweh consider my life very valuable as well" or "so may Yahweh value my life as much as I have valued your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# May you be blessed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my son + +Saul was not David's true father. Saul speaks as if he were David's father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/26/intro.md b/1sa/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f46d9e0698 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 1 Samuel 26 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Vengeance ##### +David has another opportunity to kill Saul but he refuses to kill the one God had chosen as king. This contrasts with Saul, who tried to find David and kill him. Saul came to admit that David was more righteous than he was because he did not kill his enemy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical question ##### +David put his reason for not killing Saul in a rhetorical question: "Do not destroy him; for who can extend his hand against Yahweh's anointed one and be guiltless?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/27/01.md b/1sa/27/01.md index 7d67317b2a..a4772ca2c0 100644 --- a/1sa/27/01.md +++ b/1sa/27/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## David said in his heart ## +# David said in his heart -AT: "David thought to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "his heart" is a metonymy that means to himself. AT: "David thought to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## escape ## +# escape out of his hand -"flee" or "run away." \ No newline at end of file +The word "hand" is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "escape from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/27/02.md b/1sa/27/02.md index 8900b31ad2..ef3ae8dd5d 100644 --- a/1sa/27/02.md +++ b/1sa/27/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## passed over ## +# David arose and passed over + +"David took action; he passed over" + +# passed over "passed over the border between Israel and Philistia" -## six hundred men ## +# six hundred men 600 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Achish, the son of Maoch, king of Gath ## +# Achish -AT: "Achish, son of Maoch and king of Gath" +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:10](../21/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Saul was told ## +# Maok -AT: "Someone told Saul" or "Saul heard" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ahinoam + +This is the name of a woman. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 14:50](../14/49.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Abigail + +This is the name of a woman. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 25:3](../25/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Nabal + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 25:3](../25/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Saul was told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told Saul" or "Saul heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/27/05.md b/1sa/27/05.md index 00b48637a0..bbc54fa1fd 100644 --- a/1sa/27/05.md +++ b/1sa/27/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## If I have found favor in your eyes ## +# If I have found favor in your eyes -AT: "If I have pleased you" or "If you will treat us with kindness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:3](../20/03.md). AT: "If I have pleased you" or "If you consider me favorably" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## one of the cities in the country ## +# let them give me a place + +Since Achish was the one who would "give," this is a metonym for "please give me a place." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# one of the cities in the country "one of the outlying towns" or "one of the towns outside the city" -## for why should your servant live in the royal city with you? ## +# Why should your servant live in the royal city with you? -AT: "I don't need to live in the city with you" or "I'm not important enough to live here with you in the royal city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I do not need to live in the city with you." or "I am not important enough to live here with you in the royal city." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## your servant ## +# your servant -David is referring to himself. \ No newline at end of file +David speaks as if he were another person to show that he respected Achish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# Ziklag + +This is the name of a city in the southwest part of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/27/08.md b/1sa/27/08.md index 6faa127725..9d903dc24f 100644 --- a/1sa/27/08.md +++ b/1sa/27/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## making raids on ## +# making raids on -A raid is a sudden assault or attack, as upon something to be seized or suppressed. AT: "often aggressively fighting" +attacking and taking property many times (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Girzites ## +# Girzites -A people group who lived somewhere between Philistia and Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +A people group who apparently lived somewhere between Philistia and Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shur ## +# as you go to Shur -region on the northeast border of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here "you" is being used as an indefinite pronoun that refers to anyone. AT: "on the way most people travel to Shur" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## Achish ## +# Shur -The king of Gath \ No newline at end of file +region on the northeast border of Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Achish + +the king of Gath (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/27/10.md b/1sa/27/10.md index 85efcd0572..862715f944 100644 --- a/1sa/27/10.md +++ b/1sa/27/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Achish ## +# Achish -The king of Gath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +the king of Gath (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jerahmeelites ## +# Jerahmeelites -The Jerahmeelites were a clan from the tribe of Judah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +a clan from the tribe of Judah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Kenites ## +# Kenites -people group who lived in the land of Midian (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +a people group who lived in the land of Midian (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/27/11.md b/1sa/27/11.md index 9df1ba27c7..154c440474 100644 --- a/1sa/27/11.md +++ b/1sa/27/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Gath ## +# Gath -one of five Philistine city-states. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]].) +one of five Philistine city-states. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Achish ## +# Achish -a king of Gath \ No newline at end of file +the king of Gath (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/27/intro.md b/1sa/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8d405cc1ad --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Samuel 27 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This begins a section about David living with the Philistines. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's move ##### +David is afraid Saul will someday catch him and kill him, so he moves to the Philistine city of Gath. This is a type of exile David creates for himself out of fear. It is caused by his lack of trust in God. This is the same reason his descendants would come to be exiled. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +### Links: ###= + +* __[1 Samuel 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/01.md b/1sa/28/01.md index ecee285adc..e837768630 100644 --- a/1sa/28/01.md +++ b/1sa/28/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## host ## +# host -large assembly of armies. AT: "David said to Achish, 'So then, you will know what your servant can do.' Achish said to David, 'So then, I will permanently make you my bodyguard.'" +large assembly of armies -## bodyguard ## +# So you will know ... So I will -a single man or a small group of men to protect someone. \ No newline at end of file +The word "so" shows that the speaker agrees with what the other person has just said. AT: "Yes, I will go with you so that you will know ... Very well, I will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# you will know what your servant can do + +David probably wanted Achish to think that David would kill many Israelites, but "what your servant can do" could also mean that David was planning to kill Philistines instead. Try to translate so that the reader can see both of these possible meanings. + +# your servant + +David speaks as if he is another person so that Achish will think David respects him. AT: "I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# make you + +The word "you" refers to David and so is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# bodyguard + +a person who protects another person \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/03.md b/1sa/28/03.md index 20ff4f7a4e..817408417b 100644 --- a/1sa/28/03.md +++ b/1sa/28/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## banned from the land ## +# Now Samuel ... with spirits -officially removed from the country or region, or prevented from entering. AT: "expelled from Isreal" (UDB) +The writer provides background information to prepare the reader for the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## gathered all Israel together ## +# banned from the land -AT: "gathered all his armies in Israel together" +officially removed from the country or region, or prevented from entering AT: "expel from Israel" -## Shunem, Gilboa ## +# those who talked with the dead or with spirits + +The words "those who talked with the dead" translate as one word in the original language, and the words "those who ... talked with spirits" also translate as one word in the original language. If your language has one word for those who talk with the dead and one word for those who talk with spirits, or if your language has only one word for those who talk with the dead and with spirits, you should use those words here. + +# Then the Philistines gathered + +after David and Achish spoke ([1 Samuel 28:02](./01.md)) + +# gathered all Israel together + +"gathered all his armies in Israel together" + +# Shunem ... Gilboa these are names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/05.md b/1sa/28/05.md index 359edd90fd..f15cd0db09 100644 --- a/1sa/28/05.md +++ b/1sa/28/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## trembled in his heart ## +# he was afraid, and his heart trembled very much -This means he was very afraid, emphasizing the fear with this doublet (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his fear. Here Saul is referred to by his "heart." AT: "he was terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Urim ## +# Urim The high priest carried the sacred lots called Urim and Thummin in his breastplate, in a marked pouch, next to his heart. -## Endor ## +# who talks with the dead -Endor was in Galilee, south-east of Nazareth. \ No newline at end of file +These words translate as one word in the original language. If your language has one word for a person who talks to the dead, you should use it here. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 28:3](./03.md). + +# Endor + +place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/08.md b/1sa/28/08.md index 8abf3a2a58..053ea7e382 100644 --- a/1sa/28/08.md +++ b/1sa/28/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## disguised ## +# Saul disguised himself ... and went ... to the woman by night -changed his usual appearance, so as not to be recognized. \ No newline at end of file +Saul disguised himself because the way from Gilboa ([1 Samuel 28:4](./03.md)) to Endor ([1 Samuel 28:7](./05.md)) was through land that the Philistines were living in. He traveled all day and reached the woman after the sun had gone down. + +# disguised + +changed his usual appearance no one would know who he was + +# Divine for me ... with a spirit + +"Talk to the dead for me" + +# those who talk with the dead or with spirits + +The words "those who talk with the dead" translate as one word in the original language, and the words "those who ... talk with spirits" also translate as one word in the original language. If your language has one word for those who talk with the dead and one word for those who talk with spirits, or if your language has only one word for those who talk with the dead and with spirits, you should use those words here. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 28:3](./03.md). + +# my life + +The word "life" represents the person. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/11.md b/1sa/28/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 03f9a29f38..0000000000 --- a/1sa/28/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/13.md b/1sa/28/13.md index 03f9a29f38..48a6c9b210 100644 --- a/1sa/28/13.md +++ b/1sa/28/13.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# a god + +Other possible meanings are 1) "one like God" or 2) "a judge" (See: [1 Samuel 7:15](../07/15.md)). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/15.md b/1sa/28/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index 03f9a29f38..0000000000 --- a/1sa/28/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/16.md b/1sa/28/16.md index 1b40ad6a29..e8022c8615 100644 --- a/1sa/28/16.md +++ b/1sa/28/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## torn the kingdom out of your hand ## +# torn the kingdom out of your hand -AT: "removed you from the position of king over this kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Samuel speaks as if the kingdom were a physical object that could be held in the hand and grabbed out by another person. AT: "made you so you are no longer king" or "made another person king in your place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/18.md b/1sa/28/18.md index 4e4848cac7..d7d038cd0c 100644 --- a/1sa/28/18.md +++ b/1sa/28/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## will be with me ## +# Yahweh will hand over Israel and you into the hand of the Philistines -AT: "will be dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] ) +Samuel speaks as if the people of Israel were a small object that Yahweh would give to the Philistines, whom he speaks of as if they were one person. AT: "Yahweh will allow the Philistines to do whatever they want to do to you and the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## hand … hand ## +# will be with me -in the first use, "hand" as a verb means "present" or "give;" in the second use, "hand" as a noun is covered by the link in the Important Terms section above. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-partsofspeech]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite way to say that Saul will die. AT: "will be dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Yahweh will also hand over the army of Israel into the hand of the Philistines + +Samuel speaks as if the army of Israel were a small object that Yahweh would give to the Philistines, whom he speaks of as if they were one person. AT: "Yahweh will allow the Philistines to do whatever they want to do to the army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/20.md b/1sa/28/20.md index ec59bab422..4eae6c2c41 100644 --- a/1sa/28/20.md +++ b/1sa/28/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## I have put my life in my hand ## +# he had eaten no food all that day, neither that whole night -"because I trusted you, I risked my life" or "I could be executed" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] ) \ No newline at end of file +Saul had not eaten during the night before he traveled from Gilboa ([1 Samuel 28:4](./03.md)) to Endor ([1 Samuel 28:7](./05.md)), nor during the day as he journeyed, nor during the night on which he visited the woman. + +# I have put my life in my hand and have listened + +This is an idiom. "I could die because I listened" or "Someone could kill me because I listened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/22.md b/1sa/28/22.md index 3f6948c1cb..b77a791399 100644 --- a/1sa/28/22.md +++ b/1sa/28/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## refused ## +# the voice of your woman servant + +The woman speaks as if she is another person to show that she respects Saul. She refers to herself by her "voice" to emphasize what she says. AT: "my voice" or "me speak to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# refused "did not accept" or "would not do what they asked" -## compelled ## +# compelled "forced" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/24.md b/1sa/28/24.md index a56bd23a74..34ce8898bd 100644 --- a/1sa/28/24.md +++ b/1sa/28/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## fatted calf ## +# fatted calf -A fatted calf is a calf that has been grown and fed to be available for a special feast. +a calf that has been grown and fed to be available for a special feast -## she ... kneaded it ## +# she ... kneaded it -she mixed flour and oil, working and rolling the mixture thoroughly with her hands to produce dough for baking. \ No newline at end of file +She mixed flour and oil, working and rolling the mixture thoroughly with her hands to produce dough for baking. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/28/intro.md b/1sa/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1513ef2c19 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Samuel 28 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Talking to the dead ##### + +Talking to the dead was against the law of Moses. God or the Holy Spirit left Saul because of his sin and would not help him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dead]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical question ##### +Samuel uses a rhetorical question to say it was useless to ask his advice since there was no way Saul could be successful with God against him: "What then do you ask me, since Yahweh has left you, and he has become your enemy?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/29/01.md b/1sa/29/01.md index 000580ddbc..e88d3f7668 100644 --- a/1sa/29/01.md +++ b/1sa/29/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## spring ## +# spring -a small stream of water flowing naturally from the Earth. +a small stream of water flowing naturally from the Earth -## hundreds...thousands ## +# passed on by hundreds and by thousands -100's...1,000's (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"divided their men into groups; some groups had one hundred soldiers and some groups had one thousand soldiers" + +# hundreds ... thousands + +100s ... 1,000s (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# David and his men passed on in the rear guard with Achish + +The groups of hundreds and thousands passed on first, then Achish and his helpers, and then David, his men, and the other Philistine soldiers, who were guarding Achish. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/29/03.md b/1sa/29/03.md index 59a1731ae0..1196265c79 100644 --- a/1sa/29/03.md +++ b/1sa/29/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## I have found no fault with him ## +# What are these Hebrews doing here? -The use of "no fault" emphasizes that Achish is pleased with David. AT:"I know of nothing that he has done wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible ways to translate this rhetorical question as a statement are AT: 1) "You should not have allowed these Hebrews, our enemies, to be here with us." or 2) "Tell us who these Hebrews are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is not this David ... these years, and I have found ... this day? + +Another possible translation is "Is not this David, ... these years? I have found ... this day." The rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should know that this is David ... these years. I have found ... this day." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I have found no fault with him + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I know of nothing that he has done wrong" or "I am very pleased with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/29/04.md b/1sa/29/04.md index bd9ff4122e..61ad2f555b 100644 --- a/1sa/29/04.md +++ b/1sa/29/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## do not let him go with us into battle ## +# do not let him go with us into battle "do not let his army join with our army against our enemies" -## How else could this fellow make peace with his master? Would it not be with the heads of our men? ## +# For how else could this fellow make peace with his master? Would it not be with the heads of our men? -David would make peace with his master by killing our soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The best way for David to make peace with his master would be by killing our soldiers!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/29/05.md b/1sa/29/05.md index a14079069a..e9c8696e80 100644 --- a/1sa/29/05.md +++ b/1sa/29/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Is this not the David of whom they sang one to another in dances ## +# Is this not David of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, 'Saul ... ten thousands'? -AT: "This is certainly David, of whom they sang one to another in dances, 'Saul has slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands'"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not trust David—he is the one of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, 'Saul ... ten thousands'!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## thousands…ten thousands ## +# thousands ... ten thousands -1,000's…10,000's (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"1,000s ... 10,000s" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/29/06.md b/1sa/29/06.md index 6dfb4e12ec..e4ae79b172 100644 --- a/1sa/29/06.md +++ b/1sa/29/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## As Yahweh lives ## +# As Yahweh lives -"As certainly as Yahweh lives" or "This is a true statement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. "As certainly as Yahweh lives" or "This is a true statement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your going out and your coming in with me in the army is good + +"I am happy to have you go out and come in with me and my army" or "It is good that you go everywhere with me and my army" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/29/08.md b/1sa/29/08.md index f27bd064d1..c3196f424b 100644 --- a/1sa/29/08.md +++ b/1sa/29/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## you are as good in my sight as an angel of God ## +# my master the king -AT: "I find nothing against you". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]). +David speaks as if Achish were another person so that Achish will think David respects him. AT: "you, my master and king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## Nevertheless ## +# nevertheless, the princes -"Nevertheless" ties two sentences or phrases together, while presenting an alternative to the focus of the first sentence. AT: "in spite of" or "however" \ No newline at end of file +"even though that is true, this is more important: the princes" or "however, the princes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/29/10.md b/1sa/29/10.md index c931954495..aaf9ffcefe 100644 --- a/1sa/29/10.md +++ b/1sa/29/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## have light ## +# your master + +The reader should understand that Achish is speaking of Saul. + +# have light "can see with the morning sun" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/29/intro.md b/1sa/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d50f43a6b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Samuel 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Many translations set apart quotations, prayers, or songs. 1 Samuel 29:5 is a song praising David. It has been set apart in the ULB through the use of indentation. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties #### + +It is unclear whether David wanted to go into battle with the Philistines. He would have been fighting against Saul, but he also would have been fighting against Israel's soldiers. It is probably best to see that David is conflicted over this issue, but some scholars believe that David planned on turning against the Philistines in the battle. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/01.md b/1sa/30/01.md index e0bc9b47e8..3852956d8f 100644 --- a/1sa/30/01.md +++ b/1sa/30/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Ziklag ## +# Ziklag Ziklag is a city in the southern part of Judah. This was where David and his men kept their families. -## they ## +# they -refers to the Amalekites. +the Amalekites -## both small and great ## +# both small and great -a reference to physical size or stature, not to influence or power \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "both unimportant people and important people" or 2) "both physically small and physically large." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/03.md b/1sa/30/03.md index ee9e30e033..af6c9eb05d 100644 --- a/1sa/30/03.md +++ b/1sa/30/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## their ## +# their wives ... sons ... daughters -refers to David and his men. +belonging to David and his men -## burned ## +# it was burned, and their wives ... daughters were taken captive -to set on fire to destroy the town. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they saw that someone had burned it and taken their wives ... captive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the people that were with him ## +# the people that were with him These were mainly his army of men. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/05.md b/1sa/30/05.md index acfbeee53d..036107a88d 100644 --- a/1sa/30/05.md +++ b/1sa/30/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -David finds strength in Yahweh after raid. +# General Information: -## Ahinoam the Jezreelitess ## +David finds strength in Yahweh after the raid. -AT: "Ahinoam from Jezreel" +# Ahinoam the Jezreelite woman -## Nabal the Carmelite ## +"Ahinoam from Jezreel" -AT: "Nabal the man from Carmel" +# Nabal the Carmelite -## Ahinoam...Abigail...Nabal ## +"Nabal the man from Carmel" -various names of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Ahinoam ... Abigail -## distressed ## +women's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -greatly concerned. +# distressed -## David strengthened himself in Yahweh ## +suffering -David took courage in Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +# all the people were bitter in spirit + +The word "bitter" is a metaphor for the desire to rebel. The word "spirit" is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "all the people were ready to rebel against David" or "all the people were very unhappy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# David strengthened himself in Yahweh, his God + +Possible meanings are 1) "David took courage because he knew Yahweh his God would help him" or 2) "Yahweh his God made David strong." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/07.md b/1sa/30/07.md index 0a2f9d1195..81ebc0e66d 100644 --- a/1sa/30/07.md +++ b/1sa/30/07.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + David seeks Yahweh's direction in dealing with the raid on his people. -## pursue ## +# David prayed to Yahweh for direction + +The abstract noun "direction" can be translated as a clause. AT: "David prayed that Yahweh would tell David what David should do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# pursue "chase" or "follow" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/09.md b/1sa/30/09.md index 3360c8dc45..e41652d9e8 100644 --- a/1sa/30/09.md +++ b/1sa/30/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## six hundred men ## +# six hundred men 600 men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## brook ## +# brook small stream -## pursuing ## +# pursuing "chasing" or "following" -## four hundred men ## +# four hundred men 400 men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## two hundred men ## +# two hundred 200 men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## who were so weak ## +# who were so weak -they were physically tired from their own raids and now in pursuit of the Amalekites. They no longer had the strength to continue. \ No newline at end of file +They were tired from their own raids and now in pursuit of the Amalekites. They no longer had the strength to continue. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/11.md b/1sa/30/11.md index ee5af0991d..13df9f3278 100644 --- a/1sa/30/11.md +++ b/1sa/30/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## an Egyptian in a field ## +# an Egyptian in a field He was left there to die from the Amalekite raiding party. -## clusters of raisins ## +# clusters of raisins -AT: "clusters of dried grapes" \ No newline at end of file +"clusters of dried grapes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/13.md b/1sa/30/13.md index 963ba86d0e..68dc9b7c96 100644 --- a/1sa/30/13.md +++ b/1sa/30/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## David said to him ## +# David said to him -David questions the Egyptian slave. +David questioned the Egyptian slave. -## Three days ago ## +# three days ago -AT: "three days in the past" +"three days in the past" -## We made a raid ## +# three days -Raids or attacks on towns were a quick means to acquire wealth and slaves. \ No newline at end of file +3 days (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# a raid + +an attack on a town to take property \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/15.md b/1sa/30/15.md index 7be0f9aff9..d21851c827 100644 --- a/1sa/30/15.md +++ b/1sa/30/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## raiding party ## +# raiding party -A raiding party is a roaming group of armed warriors who may attack people or places unexpectedly. +a group of armed warriors who attack people or places unexpectedly -## you will not ... betray me up into the hands of my master ## +# you will not ... betray me up into the hands of my master -AT: "you will not ... violate the trust I have in you by handing me over to my previous master, who abandoned me" \ No newline at end of file +Here "hands" refers to control. AT: "you will not ... violate the trust I have in you by allowing my master to control me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/16.md b/1sa/30/16.md index f19fcd128d..6fc021cfe9 100644 --- a/1sa/30/16.md +++ b/1sa/30/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## booty ## +# booty -the money and goods stolen in the raid. +the goods they had stolen in the raid -## twilight ## +# twilight -the time just after the sun goes down until the sky is dark. +the time just after the sun goes down until the sky is dark -## four hundred ## +# four hundred 400 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/18.md b/1sa/30/18.md index 816f7e0226..d6ef570c6a 100644 --- a/1sa/30/18.md +++ b/1sa/30/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## rescued ## +# rescued "saved" or "freed" -## Nothing was missing ## +# Nothing was missing -AT: "None of the items the Amalekites had stolen were lost" \ No newline at end of file +"None of the items the Amalekites had stolen were lost" + +# neither small nor great + +Possible meanings are 1) "neither unimportant people nor important people" or 2) "neither physically small nor physically large." See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 30:2](./01.md). + +# booty + +goods that the Amelekites had stolen. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](./16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/21.md b/1sa/30/21.md index 38047e5d7b..c36a566634 100644 --- a/1sa/30/21.md +++ b/1sa/30/21.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## two hundred ## +# two hundred 200 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## brook ## +# brook small stream or creek -## Besor ## +# Besor -This is the name of a small stream. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a small stream. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:9](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## greeted ## +# greeted "welcomed" or "sent a message of friendship" -## booty ## +# booty -goods taken from the enemy in battle +goods they had taken from the enemy in battle. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](./16.md). -## recovered ## +# recovered "regained" or "got back" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/23.md b/1sa/30/23.md index e855ce54c5..f7e492e3e0 100644 --- a/1sa/30/23.md +++ b/1sa/30/23.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Who will listen to you in this matter? ## +# Who will listen to you in this matter? -This is a rhetorical question that means "No one will listen to you in this matter." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement: AT: "No one will listen to you in this matter." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the share ## +# as the share is for anyone who goes -as a noun, this word means the portion of reclaimed goods one earned. +The abstract noun "share" can be translated as a verb. AT: "as what belongs to anyone who goes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## will share and share alike ## +# anyone who goes into battle -this use of the verb "share" emphasizes that each person will receive the same amount. +the warriors who actually fought the enemy in war -## anyone who goes into battle ## +# will share and share alike -the warriors who actually fought the enemy in war. +"will make sure that all receive the same amount" -## anyone who waits by the baggage ## +# anyone who waits by the baggage the people who supported the warriors by managing and guarding their supplies -## baggage ## +# baggage -This word refers to the belongings of the soldiers left behind when they went into battle. \ No newline at end of file +belongings that the soldiers left behind when they went into battle \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/26.md b/1sa/30/26.md index 7db3299aec..2d784305f0 100644 --- a/1sa/30/26.md +++ b/1sa/30/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Ziklag, Bethuel, Jattir, Aroer, Siphmoth, Eshtemoa ## +# Connecting Statement: -These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The writer begins a list of cities whose elders received gifts from David. -## a present ## +# Ziklag ... Bethuel ... Jattir ... Aroer ... Siphmoth ... Eshtemoa + +names of towns (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# booty + +goods that David had taken from the Amalekites after the battle. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](./16.md). + +# a present "a gift" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/29.md b/1sa/30/29.md index ed93630e90..bf67cbe150 100644 --- a/1sa/30/29.md +++ b/1sa/30/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Racal, Hormah, Borashan, Athach ## +# Connecting Statement: + +The writer ends the list of cities whose elders received gifts from David that began in [1 Samuel 30:27](./26.md). You may be able to combine the list items from [1 Samuel 30:27-31](./26.md) into one list. + +# Rakal ... Hormah ... Bor Ashan ... Athak These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jerahmeelites, Kenites ## +# Jerahmeelites ... Kenites These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/30/intro.md b/1sa/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3318368aad --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Samuel 30 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David fights the Amalekites ##### +When David and his men arrive home, they find the Amalekites have raided Ziklag and taken everything. They catch and destroy them and bring back all of their goods and families. Then David sends gifts to all the cities in Judah through which they had traveled. + +### Links: ###= + +* __[1 Samuel 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/31/01.md b/1sa/31/01.md index c4b2a6e7c2..517ba726cd 100644 --- a/1sa/31/01.md +++ b/1sa/31/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Now the Philistines fought against Israel ## +# Now the Philistines fought against Israel -This battle was the result of the conflict between David and the Philistines in [1 Samuel 29:10](../29/10.md). Chapter 30 went onto a different story, and now the writer is coming back to the battle between the Israelites and Philistines. +This battle was the result of the conflict between David and the Philistines in [1 Samuel 29:11](../29/10.md). The writer has finished telling the story of David in [1 Samuel 30:1-30](../30/01.md), and now he tells about the battle between the Israelites and the Philistines. -## the Philistines fought against Israel ## +# against Israel -"the Philistines fought against the people of Israel." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Israel" refers to the people who live there. AT: "against the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Mount Gilboa ## +# Mount Gilboa This is the name of a mountain (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). -## closely pursued Saul and his sons ## +# closely pursued Saul and his sons -"chased Saul and three of his sons." +"chased Saul and three of his sons" -## Abinadab, and Malchishua ## +# Abinadab, and Malki-Shua These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). -## The battle went heavily against Saul ## +# The battle went heavily against Saul -"Saul's army began to lose the battle" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. "Saul's army began to lose the battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/31/04.md b/1sa/31/04.md index cab8d5c322..d0446aa994 100644 --- a/1sa/31/04.md +++ b/1sa/31/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## armor bearer ## +# armor bearer The armor bearer carried the large shield of his commanding officer and other weapons. He protected the commanding officer during a battle. -## these uncircumcised ## +# these uncircumcised -"these unclean, non-Israelite people" +The nominal adjective "uncircumcised" can be translated as an adjective. Not being circumcised is a metonym for being foreigners. AT: "these men who have not been circumcised" or "these non-Israelite men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## took his own sword and fell on it ## +# would not + +The ellipsis can be filled in. AT: "would not do what Saul had told him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# took his own sword and fell on it "killed himself with his own sword" -## that same day ## +# that same day "on that one day" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/31/07.md b/1sa/31/07.md index b254d0ef6f..31ab2d1f2a 100644 --- a/1sa/31/07.md +++ b/1sa/31/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Mount Gilboa ## +# lived in them -a mountain range overlooking the Valley of Jezreel in northern Israel, south of Nazareth. \ No newline at end of file +lived in the cities the men of Israel had left + +# strip the dead + +take the armor and weapons off the dead Israelites' bodies + +# Mount Gilboa + +a mountain range overlooking the Valley of Jezreel in northern Israel, south of Nazareth (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/31/09.md b/1sa/31/09.md index 53a65ca8c5..c57e9d5bc6 100644 --- a/1sa/31/09.md +++ b/1sa/31/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## the land of the Philistines throughout ## +# the land of the Philistines throughout "all areas of the land of the Philistines" -## to carry the news ## +# to carry the news to their idols' temples and to the people -AT: "to tell the people" +"to speak the news inside the temples and to the people" -## their idols' temples ## +# their idols' temples the buildings where they worshiped their idols -## Ashtoreth ## +# Ashtoreths -an ancient false goddess and idol, also called "Asherah" or "Astarte" +ancient false goddesses and idols, also called "Asherah" or "Astarte" -## fastened ## +# fastened "attached" (probably with a large spike or nail) -## Beth Shan ## +# Beth Shan the name of a city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/31/11.md b/1sa/31/11.md index 5c96fafeaf..604cdc697b 100644 --- a/1sa/31/11.md +++ b/1sa/31/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Jabesh ## +# Jabesh -the name of a town (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +the name of a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 11:1](../11/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## what the Philistines had done to Saul ## +# what the Philistines had done to Saul -AT: "how the Philistines had dishonored Saul" +"how the Philistines had dishonored Saul" -## all night ## +# all night -"throughout the whole night" \ No newline at end of file +"throughout the whole night" + +# a tamarisk tree + +This is a type of tree. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 22:6](../22/06.md). AT: "a large shade tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/31/intro.md b/1sa/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..be9563b1da --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Samuel 31 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the end of the section on Saul, but the book continues in 2 Samuel 1. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Saul's punishment ##### +Saul receives his punishment from God: death for his disobedience and resisting the will of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Samuel 31:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/front/intro.md b/1sa/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..21f429b8a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1sa/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +# Introduction to 1 Samuel # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of 1 Samuel #### + +1. Samuel as judge over Israel (1–7) + - Samuel as a child (1:1–3:21) + - Shiloh priesthood; the fall and death of Eli the priest (4:1–22) + - The Ark of God and the war with the Philistines (5:1–6:21) + - Mizpah; Samuel's rule over Israel (7:1–17) +1. Saul and Samuel (8–15) + - Samuel permits the people to seek a king (8:1–22) + - Saul anointed king (9:1–10:27) + - Battle and victory over the Ammonites (11:1–15) + - Samuel's farewell (12:1–25) + - Saul's weakness and failures (13:1–15:35) +1. Saul and David's conflict (Chapters 16–31) + - God's choice of David to be king (16:1–23) + - David fights Goliath (17:1–58) + - Saul's jealousy of David; David and Jonathan (18:1–20:42) + - David runs away; David in Philistia (21:1–30:31) + - Death of Saul (31:1–13) + +#### What is the Book of 1 Samuel about? #### + +This book focuses on three individuals: Samuel, Saul, and David. Samuel was the last of the judges over Israel. Saul was the first king of Israel. Saul's rise and fall take up much of the narrative in 1 Samuel. After Saul, David became the king of Israel. One of the book's most important themes is that David was chosen by God himself to become king and to establish a line of royal succession in Israel. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The traditional title "1 Samuel," that is, "First Samuel," has a very vague meaning at best. Translators should consider a title such as "The First Book About Samuel, Saul, and David." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### What is the purpose of the Book of 1 Samuel? #### + +The Book of 1 Samuel contains a great amount of information about how Israel developed into a more unified nation under the first kings in Israel. The author may have wished to defend David's right to rule in place of Saul. He may have also wished to condemn the actions of the northern tribes who would break away to form the northern kingdom. It is likely that the author wrote at a time when the nation of Israel was in a civil war, and that he supported the southern kingdom of Judah, which continued to have a descendant of King David as their king. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Who is "Yahweh's anointed"? #### + +There are many references in 1 Samuel to "Yahweh's anointed." This is a reference to the one whom Yahweh has chosen to be the king of his people. Ultimately, this book looks forward to a time when a descendant of David who is Yahweh's anointed, the Messiah, will become the king chosen by God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What are curses, as found in 1 Samuel and elsewhere? #### + +A person speaks a curse when he calls down divine or demonic punishment upon someone or something. A curse usually has this pattern: "May God do so to you, and even more, if you hide anything from me of all the words that he spoke to you" (1 Sam. 3:17). Other instances of curses in 1 and 2 Samuel are found in 1 Sam 14:44; 20:13; 25:22; 2 Sam 3:9, 35; and 19:13. The translator should represent a curse in the project language in as strong a way as possible. + +#### How is the name "Israel" used in the Bible? #### + +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who was also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the kingdom of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/israel]]) + +The Book of 1 Samuel has two references to Israel and Judah ([1 Samuel 17:52](../17/52.md), [1 Samuel 18:15](../18/15.md)), but these references appear in the narrative long before the split between the two kingdoms occurred. It seems clear that the references to Israel and Judah were put into the text because the writer was working at a far later time, during the period of the split between the two kingdoms. He wanted to emphasize that all the twelve tribes had enthusiastically supported David. + +#### What is the meaning of the phrase "to this day"? #### + +This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time which has already passed. He must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translation's readers is meant. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written" or "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in 1 Samuel 5:5; 6:18: 27:6; 30:25. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/01/01.md b/1th/01/01.md index 99e364dac6..cf5de47b26 100644 --- a/1th/01/01.md +++ b/1th/01/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy to the church ## +# General Information: -the UDB makes clear that it was Paul who wrote this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Paul identifies himself as the writer of the letter and greets the church at Thessalonica. -## peace to you ## +# Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy to the church -the word "you" refers to the Thessalonian believers. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +The UDB makes clear that it was Paul who wrote this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# May grace and peace be to you + +The terms "grace" and "peace" are metonyms for the person who acts toward people in a kindly and peaceful manner. AT: "May God be kind to you and give you peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# peace be to you + +The word "you" refers to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/01/02.md b/1th/01/02.md index 94d0e45eae..ce80674f12 100644 --- a/1th/01/02.md +++ b/1th/01/02.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## We always give thanks to God ## +# General Information: -This is a hyperbole. It can be translated as "we give thanks to God frequently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +In this letter the words "we" and "us" refer to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, unless otherwise noted. Also, the word "you" is plural and refers to the believers at the church of Thessalonica. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## We always ## +# We always give thanks to God -The word "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus and Timothy but not to the Thessalonians believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Here "always" suggests that when Paul prays to God, he consistently presents the Thessalonians to God in his prayers. -## we make mention of you in our prayers ## +# we mention you in our prayers "we pray for you" -## We remember without ceasing ## +# work of faith -"we frequently remember" - -## work of faith ## - -"acts of faith" or "your work for God because you trust in him" (UDB) - -## patience of hope ## - -"endurance of hope" \ No newline at end of file +acts done because of trust in God \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/01/04.md b/1th/01/04.md index 5fe90b2900..e349c6a157 100644 --- a/1th/01/04.md +++ b/1th/01/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Brothers - ## +# Connecting Statement: -**"Fellow believers" +Paul continues to give thanks for the believers at Thessalonica and praises them for their faith in God. -## we know your calling ## +# Brothers -"we know that God chose you to become his people" (UDB), or "we know that God chose you to serve him in a special way." +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## we know ## +# we know -The word "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus and Timothy but not the Thessalonian believers. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +The word "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## but also in power, in the Holy Spirit ## +# not in word only -Possible meanings are 1) "Paul and his companions preach powerfully by being enabled by the Holy Spirit" or 2) "The Gospel has a powerful effect on the believers through the conviction work of the Holy Spirit." +Not only through the activity of preaching God's message. -## in much assurance ## +# but also in power, in the Holy Spirit -"In the same way" (UDB) +Possible meanings are 1) the Holy Spirit gave Paul and his companions the ability to preach the gospel powerfully or 2) the Holy Spirit made the preaching of the gospel have a powerful effect among the Thessalonian believers or 3) the Holy Spirit demonstrated the truth of the gospel preaching by means of miracles, signs, and wonders. -## what kind of men ## +# what kind of men -"how we conducted ourselves" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"how we conducted ourselves when" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/01/06.md b/1th/01/06.md index dfb613578b..20c60064a7 100644 --- a/1th/01/06.md +++ b/1th/01/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## you became imitators ## +# You became imitators -To act like or to follow. Alternate Translation: "You imitated us." +To "imitate" means to act like or to copy the behavior of another. -## received the word ## +# received the word "welcomed the teaching" or "accepted the teaching" -## in much tribulation ## +# in much hardship -"during a time of great suffering" or "in much persecution". +"during a time of great suffering" or "in much persecution" -## Achaia ## +# Achaia -This is an ancient district in what is present day Greece. \ No newline at end of file +This is an ancient district in what is present-day Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/01/08.md b/1th/01/08.md index fea1dec12b..8026904245 100644 --- a/1th/01/08.md +++ b/1th/01/08.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## has rung out ## +# has rung out -"has gone out" +Here Paul speaks of the Christian witness produced by the Thessalonian believers as if it were a bell that was rung or a musical instrument that was being played. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Achaia ## +# Achaia -This is an ancient district in what is now present day Greece. +This is an ancient district in what is now present-day Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in every place ## +# For they themselves ... They tell ... They report -"in many places throughout the region" +Paul is referring to the churches that already existed in the surrounding regions, who have heard about the Thessalonian believers. -## For they themselves ## +# they themselves -Paul is referring to the churches that already existed in the surrounding regions who have heard about the Thessalonians believers. +Here "themselves" is used to emphasize those people who had heard about the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## they themselves ## +# what kind of coming we had among you -"themselves" is added for emphasis. +Here "coming" stands for the enthusiastic welcome experienced by Paul and his companions. AT: "how warmly you welcomed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## what kinds of reception we had with you ## +# his Son -"how warmly you welcomed us" (UDB) +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## his Son from heaven ## - -"God's son from heaven" - -## whom he raised ## +# whom he raised "whom God raised" -## who delivers us ## +# from the dead ones -Paul is including the believers in the word "us". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. + +# who frees us + +Here Paul includes the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/01/intro.md b/1th/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5d77790a49 --- /dev/null +++ b/1th/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 1 Thessalonians 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +1:1-3 forms a formal introduction to this letter. It was a common type of introduction for a letter in the ancient Near East. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Tribulation ##### +The Christians in Thessalonica were experiencing great persecution, but they handled it well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Thessalonians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[1 Thessalonians intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/01.md b/1th/02/01.md index 31abf41abf..decb22681c 100644 --- a/1th/02/01.md +++ b/1th/02/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## you yourselves ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "you" refers to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Paul defines the believers' service and reward. -## our coming ## +# you yourselves -The word "our" refers to Paul, Silvanus and Timothy but not the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +The words "you" and "yourselves" refer to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## was not useless ## +# brothers -"was very worthwhile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## suffered and were shamefully treated ## +# our coming -Paul was beaten and put into jail at Philippi. AT: " were mistreated and insulted." +The word "our" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## among much conflict ## +# was not useless -"while meeting with great opposition" \ No newline at end of file +This can be expressed in a positive manner. AT: "was very worthwhile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# previously suffered and were shamefully treated + +"were mistreated and insulted" + +# in much struggling + +"while struggling under great opposition" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/03.md b/1th/02/03.md index 6ba9280811..348434b771 100644 --- a/1th/02/03.md +++ b/1th/02/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## for our exhortation ## +# was not from error, nor from impurity, nor from deceit -The pronoun "our" refers to Paul, Silvanus and Timothy. +"was truthful, pure, and honest" -## is not from error, nor from impurity, nor from deceit ## +# approved by God to be trusted -"was truthful, pure, and honest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Paul was tested and proven trustworthy by God. -## God, who examines our hearts ## +# We speak -"God, who searches our minds and deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul is referring to preaching the gospel message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who examines our hearts + +The word "hearts" is a metaphor for a person's desires and thoughts. AT: "who knows our desires and thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/05.md b/1th/02/05.md index 62d91d4894..4741eca21a 100644 --- a/1th/02/05.md +++ b/1th/02/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## For we ## +# General Information: -The word "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus and Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Paul tells the Thessalonian believers that his conduct was not based in flattery, greed, or self glory. -## use words as flattery ## +# we never used words of flattery -"speak to you with false praise" +"we never spoke to you with false praise" -## a pretext for covetousness ## +# nor as an excuse to cover up greed -"excuse for greed to have you give us things" +You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "nor did we use words to hide an evil desire for your money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## could have claimed privileges ## +# could have claimed privileges -"could have made you give us things" \ No newline at end of file +"could have insisted you give us money" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/07.md b/1th/02/07.md index 43688c0c00..c8cd57fa1d 100644 --- a/1th/02/07.md +++ b/1th/02/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## as when a mother comforts her child ## +# as a mother comforting her own children -Just as a mother gently comforts her children, so Paul, Silvanus and Timothy spoke gently to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Just as a mother gently comforts her children, so Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy spoke gently to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## we had affection for you ## +# In this way we had affection for you + +"This is how we demonstrated our affection for you" + +# we had affection for you "we loved you" -## you had become very dear to us ## +# We were pleased to share with you not only the gospel of God but also our own lives + +Paul speaks of the gospel message and his life and the lives of those with him as if they were a physical object that one could share with others. AT: "We were pleased not only to tell you the gospel of God but also to spend time with you and to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you had become very dear to us "we cared for you deeply" -## our labor and toil ## +# brothers -The words "labor" and 'toil' mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize how hard they worked. AT: "how hard we worked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## we worked night and day that we might not be a burden to any of you ## +# our labor and toil -"we worked hard to make our own living so you would not need to support us" \ No newline at end of file +The words "labor" and "toil" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize how hard they worked. AT: "how hard we worked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Night and day we were working so that we might not weigh down any of you + +"We worked hard to make our own living so you would not need to support us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/10.md b/1th/02/10.md index 84d7f8c907..c9ae86c8c8 100644 --- a/1th/02/10.md +++ b/1th/02/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## holy, righteously, and blamelessly ## +# holy, righteous, and blameless -Paul uses three words that mean basically the same thing to emphasize that they behaved in a very good way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Paul uses three words that describe their good behavior toward the Thessalonian believers. -## father with his own children ## +# as a father deals with his own children -Paul compares just as a father teaches his children how to behave, they also exhorted and encouraged the believers to walk in a manner that is worthy of God. +Paul compares how he encouraged the Thessalonians to a father gently teaching his children how to behave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## we exhorted and encouraged you ## +# We were begging you and encouraging and urging you -The words "exhorted" and "encouraged" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize how passionately they encouraged the Thessalonians. AT: "we strongly encouraged you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "begging," "encouraging," and "urging" are used together to express how passionately Paul's group encouraged the Thessalonians. AT: "We were strongly encouraging you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## to his own kingdom and glory ## +# into his own kingdom and glory -The word "glory" describes the word "kingdom." AT: "to his own glorious kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "glory" describes the word "kingdom." AT: "into his own glorious kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/13.md b/1th/02/13.md index 4f9d5902ef..9c7b52a1e6 100644 --- a/1th/02/13.md +++ b/1th/02/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## For this reason...that ## +# General Information: -"we continue to thank God constantly for" +Paul continues to use "we" to refer to himself and his traveling companions and "you" to the Thessalonian believers. -## when you received... ## +# we also thank God constantly -The Thessalonians believed the message Paul preached as coming from God, not from Paul's own authority. \ No newline at end of file +Paul often thanks God for their acceptance of the gospel message he shared with them. + +# you received it as it truly is, the word of God + +The Thessalonians believed Paul's message as coming from God, not from Paul's own authority. + +# It is this word that is also at work among you who believe + +Paul speaks of God's gospel message as if it were a person who was doing work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/14.md b/1th/02/14.md index 5cfda5ee50..99dddfbff8 100644 --- a/1th/02/14.md +++ b/1th/02/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## became imitators of the churches... ## +# brothers -They experienced similar hostility from other Thessalonians just as the first believers experienced persecution from the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: "became like the churches..." +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## from your own countrymen ## +# became imitators of the churches + +The Thessalonian believers endured persecutions similar to the Judean believers. "became like the churches" + +# from your own countrymen "from other Thessalonians" -## They forbid us to speak ## +# They forbid us to speak -"They seek to make us stop speaking" +"They try to make us stop speaking" -## to always fill up their sins ## +# they always fill up their own sins -"to continue to sin" +Paul speaks as though someone can fill a container with their own sins as with liquid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Wrath has come on them ## +# Wrath must come on them in the end -"God's punishment has come on them" or God's anger has come on them" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to God finally judging and punishing people for their sins. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/17.md b/1th/02/17.md index 362587e2ac..851a0119bd 100644 --- a/1th/02/17.md +++ b/1th/02/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## in presence, not in heart ## +# brothers -"physically but continued to pray for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## see your face ## +# in person not in heart -"see you" or "be with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "heart" represents thoughts and emotions. Though Paul and those traveling with him were not present physically in Thessalonica, they continued to care and think about the believers there. AT: "in person, but we continued to think about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I Paul once and again ## +# to see your face -"I Paul tried twice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "your face" means the entire person. AT: "to see you" or "to be with you"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## For what is our confidence...at his coming? ## +# I, Paul, wished to come to you once and again -AT: "Our confidence for the future, joy, and crown of glory is you and others at the coming of our Lord Jesus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I, Paul, tried to come to you more than once" + +# For what is our confidence for the future, or joy, or crown of pride in front of our Lord Jesus at his coming? Is it not you just as much as others? + +Paul uses questions to emphasize the reasons he wants to come see the Thessalonian believers. AT: "For you, as much as the other believers, are our confidence for the future, and joy, and crown of pride in front of our Lord Jesus at his coming." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# our confidence for the future ... Is it not you + +By "confidence" Paul means the assurance he has that God will reward him for his work. The Thessalonian Christians are the reason for his confidence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# or joy + +The Thessalonians are the reason for his joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# crown of pride + +Here "crown" refers to a laurel wreath awarded to victorious athletes. The expression "crown of pride" means a reward for victory, or having done well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/02/intro.md b/1th/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ddf940c190 --- /dev/null +++ b/1th/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Thessalonians 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Christian witness ##### +Paul values his "Christian witness" as evidence for the truth of the gospel. The godliness or holiness of a Christian is said to bear witness to the non-Christian. Paul defends himself against attacks against his character, so that his witness is not tainted. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +##### Christian living ##### +Under the law of Moses, people were required to offer sacrifices of animals or grain in the temple. Since physical sacrifices are no longer required, Christians are required to live their lives as a type of sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Thessalonians 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/03/01.md b/1th/03/01.md index f37ed35606..00c6e8ef4e 100644 --- a/1th/03/01.md +++ b/1th/03/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## we could no longer bear it ## +# Connecting Statement: -"we could no longer endure worrying about you." The word "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but excludes the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Paul tells the believers he has sent Timothy to strengthen their faith. -## good to be left behind at Athens alone ## +# we could no longer bear it -"good for Silvanus and I to stay behind in Athens" +"we could no longer endure worrying about you" -## Athens ## +# good to be left behind at Athens alone -a city in Achaia province which is now modern day Greece (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"good for Silvanus and me to stay behind in Athens" -## our brother ## +# good -"our fellow Christian" +"proper" or "reasonable" -## no one would be disturbed ## +# Athens -"no one would be troubled" or "no one would be moved" +This is a city in the Achaia province, which is now modern-day Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## we are appointed ## +# our brother and fellow worker -"we are destined" \ No newline at end of file +These two expressions both describe Timothy. + +# no one would be shaken + +To be "shaken" is an idiom for being afraid. AT: "no one would be frightened away from trusting in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# we have been appointed + +Paul assumes that everyone knows that it was God who appointed them. This can be made explicit. AT: "God has appointed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/03/04.md b/1th/03/04.md index cf9d0c2c1d..2335583ff4 100644 --- a/1th/03/04.md +++ b/1th/03/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## we were with you ## +# Truly -The pronoun "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +"Certainly" or "Surely" -## to suffer affliction ## +# to suffer affliction "to be mistreated by others" -## I could no longer stand it ## +# I could no longer stand it -The pronoun I refers to Paul. "I wanted so badly to know". (UDB) +Paul was describing his own emotions by using an idiom. AT: "I could not longer wait patiently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I could no longer stand it ## +# I sent -"Stand it" is an idiom for "wanted to know with great desire." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +It is implied that Paul sent Timothy. This can be made explicit. AT: "I sent Timothy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I sent ## +# our labor -"I sent Timothy" +"our hard work among you" or "our teaching among you" -## in vain ## +# in vain "useless" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/03/06.md b/1th/03/06.md index 9f03ab7912..1320c6b41b 100644 --- a/1th/03/06.md +++ b/1th/03/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## came to us ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "us" refers to Paul and Silvanus but not the Thessalonian believers. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Paul tells his readers about Timothy's report after he returned from visiting them. -## good news of your faith ## +# came to us -"a good report of your faith" +The word "us" refers to Paul and Silvanus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## you always have good memories ## +# the good news of your faith -"you frequently have good memories" +It is understood that this refers to faith in Christ. This can be made explicit. AT: "a good report of your faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## you long to see us ## +# you always have good memories + +When they think of Paul, they always have good thoughts about him. + +# you long to see us "you desire to see us" -## through your faith ## +# brothers -"through your faith in Christ" or Through you ongoing belief in Christ". (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians. -## in all our distress and affliction ## +# because of your faith -The word "affliction" explains why they are in "distress." AT: "in all our distress caused by how people afflict us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to faith in Christ. This can be made explicit. AT: "because of your faith in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in all our distress and affliction + +The word "affliction" explains why they are in "distress." AT: "in all our distress caused by our afflictions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/03/08.md b/1th/03/08.md index 4654cece4f..4ee1e3d29b 100644 --- a/1th/03/08.md +++ b/1th/03/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## For now we live ## +# we live -"We are very encouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom that expresses living a satisfied life. AT: "we are very encouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## now we live ## +# if you stand firm in the Lord -The pronoun "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, but excludes the Thessalonians. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +To "stand firm" is an idiom meaning to continue being faithful. AT: "if you continue to trust in the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you stand firm ## +# For what thanks can we give to God for you, for all the joy that we have before our God over you? -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "you are trusting very much" (UDB) (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This rhetorical question can be expressed as a statement. AT: "We cannot thank God enough for what he has done for you! We greatly rejoice over you when we pray to our God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## For what thanks can we give to God for you, for all the joy that we have before our God over you? ## +# before our God -This is a rhetorical question to express gratefulness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Alternate translation: "We cannot thank God enough for what he has done for you! We greatly rejoice over you when we pray to our God!" +Paul speaks as if he and his companions were physically in God's presence. He is probably referring to the activity of praying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Night and day ## - -"frequently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) - -## very hard ## +# very hard "fervently" -## see your face ## +# see your face -"visit you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "face" refers to their whole person. AT: "visit you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/03/11.md b/1th/03/11.md index 6cff785030..0e31c65656 100644 --- a/1th/03/11.md +++ b/1th/03/11.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## May our God ## +# General Information: + +In these verses, the word "our" does not always refer to the same group of people. Please see the translation notes for specifics. + +# May our God ... our Lord Jesus + +Paul includes the Thessalonian believers with his ministry team. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# May our God "We pray that our God" -## May our God and...and our Lord Jesus ## +# direct our way to you -The word "our" is including the Thessalonian believers with Paul's company. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Paul speaks as if he wants God to show him and his companions the route to take to visit the Thessalonian Christians. He means that he wants God to make it possible for them to do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Father himself ## +# direct our way to you -the "himself" referring back to the "Father" is for emphasis. +The word "our" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## direct our way to you ## +# Father himself -Paul is excluding the Thessalonians with the use of "our". (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Here "himself" refers back to "Father" for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## we also do ## +# increase and abound in love -The pronoun "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not the Thessalonians. +Paul speaks of love as an object that one could obtain more of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## May he do ## +# strengthen your hearts -"We pray that God will do" +Paul refers to the "heart" as the center of one's beliefs and convictions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## at the coming of our Lord Jesus ## +# at the coming of our Lord Jesus "when Jesus comes back to earth" -## with all his holy ones ## +# with all his holy ones -"with all those who belong to him" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"with all those who belong to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/03/intro.md b/1th/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bb9c276922 --- /dev/null +++ b/1th/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 1 Thessalonians 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Standing ##### +In this chapter, standing is used as a way to illustrate steadfastness. This is a common way to describe steadfastness or faithfulness. The opposite of steadfastness is described as "shaking" in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Thessalonians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/04/01.md b/1th/04/01.md index a6be5a5973..21d5a8a32d 100644 --- a/1th/04/01.md +++ b/1th/04/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## we encourage and exhort you ## +# brothers -Here the word "we" refers to Paul, Timothy and Silvanus but not the Thessalonians. The words "encourage" and "exhort" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize how strongly they encourage them. AT: "we strongly encourage you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians. -## you received instructions from ## +# we encourage and exhort you -"you were taught by" +Paul uses "encourage" and "exhort" to emphasize how strongly they encourage the believers. AT: "we strongly encourage you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## you must walk ## +# you received instructions from us -"Walk" is an expression for the way one is to live. Alternate Translation: "you ought to live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we taught you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you must walk + +Here "walk" is an expression for the way one is to live. AT: "you ought to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# through the Lord Jesus + +Paul speaks of his instructions as if they were given by Jesus himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/04/03.md b/1th/04/03.md index 30cf23b0b8..f65b0b0290 100644 --- a/1th/04/03.md +++ b/1th/04/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## you abstain from sexual immorality ## +# you avoid sexual immorality "you stay away from sexually immoral acts" -## know how to possess ## +# know how to possess his own vessel -"know how to live with" +Possible meanings are 1) "know how to live with his own wife" or 2) "know how to control his own body" -## lustful passion ## +# in the passion of lust -"wrongful sexual desire" +"with wrongful sexual desire" -## no man ## +# no man -"no one" or "no person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) +Here "man" refers to a man or a woman. "no one" or "no person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## transgress and wrong ## +# transgress and wrong -This is a doublet stating the same idea in two ways to reinforce the concept. Alternate translation: "wrong". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This is a doublet stating the same idea in two ways to reinforce the concept. AT: "do wrong things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the Lord is an avenger ## +# the Lord is an avenger -"the Lord will punish the one who transgressed and will defend the one who was wronged" +This can be made explicit. AT: "the Lord will punish the one who transgressed and will defend the one who was wronged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## forewarned you and testified ## +# forewarned you and testified -"told you and strongly warned you against" \ No newline at end of file +"told you beforehand and strongly warned against" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/04/07.md b/1th/04/07.md index ae6d955d95..4dfff1a41d 100644 --- a/1th/04/07.md +++ b/1th/04/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## God did not call us ## +# God did not call us to uncleanness, but to holiness -"us" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "God called us to cleanness and holiness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## he who rejects this ## +# God did not call us -"whoever disregards this teaching" or "whoever ignores this teaching" \ No newline at end of file +The word "us" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# he who rejects this + +"whoever disregards this teaching" or "whoever ignores this teaching" + +# rejects not people, but God + +Paul stresses that this teaching is not from man, but from God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/04/09.md b/1th/04/09.md index 76598b8051..1122eb5aca 100644 --- a/1th/04/09.md +++ b/1th/04/09.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## brotherly love ## +# brotherly love "love for fellow believers" -## you do it to all the brothers who are in all Macedonia ## +# you do this for all the brothers who are in all Macedonia "you show love to the believers throughout Macedonia" -## to aspire ## +# brothers -"to pursue" or "to strive earnestly" +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians. -## mind your own business ## +# to aspire -Not to interfere with the concerns other people. Alternate Translation: "attend to your own needs." +"to try to" -## work with your hands ## +# live quietly -"work at your own jobs to earn what you need to live" +Paul uses the word "quietly" as a metaphor to describe living at peace in one's community and not causing strife. AT: "live in a calm and orderly way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## walk properly ## +# take care of your own responsibilities -"behave in a respectful and worthy manner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"do your own work" or "take care of the things that your are responsible to do." This may also imply that we should not gossip and interfere in other people's concerns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## those who are outside the faith ## +# work with your hands -"those who are not believers in Christ" +This is a metaphor for living a productive life. AT: "work at your own jobs to earn what you need to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you may have need of nothing ## +# walk properly -"you may not need anything" \ No newline at end of file +This metaphor describes how believers should relate to those in their communities. AT: "behave in a respectful and worthy manner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before outsiders + +Paul speaks of those who do not believer in Christ as if they are outside of a place away from the believers. AT: "in the sight of those who do not believe in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/04/13.md b/1th/04/13.md index 72fdc4661c..ed10aed768 100644 --- a/1th/04/13.md +++ b/1th/04/13.md @@ -1,39 +1,39 @@ -## We do not ## +# General Information: -The pronoun "We" refers to Paul, Silvanus and Timothy but not the Thessalonians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Paul talks about believers who have died, who are still alive, and those who will be alive when Christ returns. -## We do not want you to misunderstand ## +# We do not want you to be uninformed -"We want you to understand". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "We want you to be informed" or "We want you to know" -## you do not grieve ## +# brothers + +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians. + +# those who sleep + +Here "sleep" is a euphemism for those who are dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# you do not grieve "you do not mourn" -## like the rest who do not have no certainty of the future ## +# like the rest who do not have certainty about the future "like the people who do not believe" -## if we believe ## +# if we believe -The pronoun "we" refers Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here "we" refers to Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## rose again ## +# rose again "rose to live again" -## will bring with Jesus those who have fallen asleep in him ## +# those who have fallen asleep in him -"will raise up the believers who have died with Jesus when he returns" +Here "fallen asleep" is a polite way to refer to having died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## For this we say ## +# at the coming of the Lord -The pronoun "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus and Timothy but not the Thessalonians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) - -## at the coming of the Lord ## - -"at the day of Christ's return" - -## will surely not precede ## - -"will surely not go before" \ No newline at end of file +"when the Lord returns" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/04/16.md b/1th/04/16.md index f24c5021b3..8e46e1604c 100644 --- a/1th/04/16.md +++ b/1th/04/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## the Lord himself will descend ## +# the Lord himself will descend "the Lord himself will come down" -## the archangel ## +# the archangel "the chief angel" -## the dead in Christ will rise first ## +# the dead in Christ will rise first -"those who believe in Jesus Christ, but who have died, will rise first" +The "dead in Christ" are those believers who have passed away. AT: "those who believe in Jesus Christ, but who have already died, will rise first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## we who are alive ## +# we who are alive -The pronoun "we" refers to all believers. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here "we" refers to all believers who have not died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## with them ## +# with them -The pronoun "them" refers to the the deceased believers who have been made alive and have already risen to be with Jesus. +The word "them" refers to the dead believers who were made alive again. -## caught up in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air ## +# caught up in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air "meet the Lord Jesus in the sky" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/04/intro.md b/1th/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a50f9ce6d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1th/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 1 Thessalonians 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sexual immorality ##### +Different cultures have different standards of sexual morality. These different cultural standards may present difficulties in translation. Translators must also be aware of cultural taboos, topics that are considered improper to talk about. + +##### Dying before the return of Christ ##### +In the early church, people wondered what would happen if a person died before the return of Christ. They may have worried whether those dying before the return of Christ would get to partake of the kingdom of God. + +##### "Caught up in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air" ##### +Many scholars believe this passage refers to an event known as the "rapture." This is a time when Jesus calls to himself those who believe in him. For those who hold this viewpoint, the timing of this event is the matter of much speculation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Thessalonians 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/01.md b/1th/05/01.md index 1269573552..1be97a52c2 100644 --- a/1th/05/01.md +++ b/1th/05/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## the times and seasons ## +# Connecting Statement: -"the time when the Lord Jesus will come back" (UDB) +Paul continues talking about the day Jesus will come back. -## perfectly well ## +# General Information: -"very well" or "accurately" (UDB) +In this chapter the words "we" and "us" refer to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, unless otherwise noted. Also, the word "you" is plural and refers to the believers at the church of Thessalonica. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## like a thief in the night ## +# the times and seasons -Just as one doesn't know which night a thief may come to break in and steal, we do not know when the day of the Lord will come. "unexpectedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This refers to the events preceding the Lord Jesus' return. -## when they say ## +# brothers -"when the people say" +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians. -## then sudden destruction ## +# perfectly well + +"very well" or "accurately" + +# like a thief in the night + +Just as one does not know which night a thief may come, we do not know when the day of the Lord will come. AT: "unexpectedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# When they say + +"When the people say" + +# then sudden destruction "then unexpected destruction" -## like birth pains on a pregnant woman ## +# like birth pains in a pregnant woman -Just as a pregnant woman's birth pains come suddenly and don't stop until the birth is completed, so will the destruction come and they will not escape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Just as a pregnant woman's birth pains come suddenly and do not stop until the birth is complete, the destruction will come, and people will not escape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/04.md b/1th/05/04.md index 100ad85061..97e50a9836 100644 --- a/1th/05/04.md +++ b/1th/05/04.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## not like people who live in darkness ## +# you, brothers -"not like those who belong to this evil world which is like being in darkness" +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians. -## for that day to overtake you like a thief ## +# are not in darkness -For the day when the Lord comes will not surprise you like a thief surprises his victim. TA: "to catch you unprepared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Paul speaks of evil and ignorance about God as if they were darkness. AT: "you are not unknowing, like people who live in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you are all sons of the light...not sons of the night ## +# so that the day would overtake you like a thief -"sons of the light" refers to followers of Christ and "sons of the night" refers to all others who follow the world. +The day when the Lord comes should not be a surprise to believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## let us not sleep as the rest do ## +# For you are all sons of the light and sons of the day -Paul equates sleeping to not being aware that Jesus will return to Judge the world. TA: "Let us not be like others who are not aware of Jesus coming back." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of the truth as if it were light and day. AT: "For you know the truth, like people who live in the light, like people during the day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## let us ## +# We are not sons of the night or the darkness -"us" refers to Paul and the Thessalonians. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Paul speaks of evil and ignorance about God as if they were darkness. AT: We are not unknowing, like people who live in the darkness, like people at night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## keep watch and be sober ## +# let us not sleep as the rest do -We are to be alert to Christ's return and be self-controlled. +Paul speaks of spiritual unawareness as if it were sleep. AT: "let us not be like others who are not aware that Jesus is coming back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For those who sleep do so at night ## +# let us -Just as it is at night when people sleep and do not know what is happening, so it is with the world and they do not know that Christ will return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "us" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## those who get drunk do so at night ## +# keep watch and be sober -Paul is equating that it is at night when people become drunk, so when people are unaware of Christ's return they do not live a self-controlled life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul describes spiritual awareness as the opposite of sleep and drunkenness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For those who sleep do so at night + +Just as when people sleep and do not know what is happening, so the people of this world do not know that Christ will return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who get drunk do so at night + +Paul is stating that it is at night when people become drunk, so when people are unaware of Christ's return they do not live a self-controlled life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/08.md b/1th/05/08.md index 9fcda4eceb..9e1f0bec9c 100644 --- a/1th/05/08.md +++ b/1th/05/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## sons of the day ## +# General Information: -This is an expression for believers in christ. AT: "believers in Christ" or "people of the light". (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +In verses 8-10 the word "we" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## let us be sober ## +# we belong to the day -"let us exercise self-control" +Paul speaks of knowing the truth about God as belonging to the day. AT: "we know the truth" or "we have received the light of truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## put on the breastplate of ## +# we must stay sober -As a soldier would put on a breastplate to protect his body, a believer who lives by faith and love will find protection. AT: "protect ourselves with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul compares being sober to exercising self-control. AT: "let us exercise self-control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for a helmet ## +# put on faith and love as a breastplate -As a helmet protects a soldier's head so does assurance of salvation protect the believer. AT: "and know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +As a soldier would put on a breastplate to protect his body, a believer who lives by faith and love will find protection. AT: "protect ourselves with faith and love" or "protect ourselves by trusting Christ and loving him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but for the obtainment of salvation ## +# the certainty of future salvation for our helmet -"but to receive salvation" +As a helmet protects a soldier's head, assurance of salvation protects the believer. AT: "protect ourselves by being certain that Christ will save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## whether we are awake or asleep ## +# whether we are awake or asleep -"whether we are alive or dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +These are polite ways of saying alive or dead. AT: "whether we are alive or dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## build each other up ## +# build each other up -"encourage each other" \ No newline at end of file +Here "build" is a metaphor that means encourage. AT: "encourage each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/12.md b/1th/05/12.md index a904713e3b..3fe4ba3213 100644 --- a/1th/05/12.md +++ b/1th/05/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## to acknowledge those who labor ## +# General Information: -to esteem and appreciate those who are involved in leading the local church there. +Paul begins to give his final instructions to the church in Thessalonica. -## who are over you in the Lord ## +# brothers -These are people who have been appointed to serve as elders and pastors of the local fellowship of believers. +Here "brothers" means fellow believers. -## consider them highly regarded in love ## +# to acknowledge those who labor -"honor and respect them because you love them" \ No newline at end of file +"to esteem and appreciate those who are involved in leading" + +# who are over you in the Lord + +This refers to people God appointed to serve as leaders of the local group of believers. + +# regard them highly in love because of their work + +Paul exhorts the believers to love and esteem their church leaders. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/15.md b/1th/05/15.md index 76990b2f0e..8737183a27 100644 --- a/1th/05/15.md +++ b/1th/05/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Rejoice always, pray without ceasing, in everything give thanks ## +# Rejoice always. Pray without ceasing. In everything give thanks -Paul is exhorting the believers to maintain a spiritual attitude of rejoicing in all things, being vigilant in prayer and expressing thankfulness in all things. \ No newline at end of file +Paul is exhorting the believers to maintain a spiritual attitude of rejoicing in all things, being vigilant in prayer, and expressing thankfulness in all things. + +# In everything + +In all circumstances + +# For this is the will of God + +Paul is referring to the behavior he just mentioned as being God's will for the believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/19.md b/1th/05/19.md index 7594758a83..f52effa385 100644 --- a/1th/05/19.md +++ b/1th/05/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Do not quench the Spirit ## +# Do not quench the Spirit -"do not stop the Holy spirit from working among you" +"Do not stop the Holy Spirit from working among you" -## Do not despise prophecies ## +# Do not despise prophecies -"Do not have contempt for prophecies" or "do not hate anything the holy spirit tells someone." +"Do not have contempt for prophecies" or "Do not hate anything the Holy Spirit tells someone" -## Test all things ## +# Test all things -it is good to make sure that the works or words are from God's Spirit, it is the truth. \ No newline at end of file +"Make sure that all messages that seem to come from God truly come from him" + +# Hold on to what is good + +Paul speaks of messages from the Holy Spirit as if they were objects that one could grasp in his hands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/23.md b/1th/05/23.md index 8aa4c26b38..390f10769a 100644 --- a/1th/05/23.md +++ b/1th/05/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## sanctify you completely ## +# make you completely holy -"set you apart" or "make you without fault so that you do not sin" (UDB) +This refers to God making a person sinless and perfect in his sight. -## your whole spirit, soul, and body ## +# May your whole spirit, soul, and body be preserved without blame -This is a parallelism where the terms spirit, soul, and body have similar meanings but are used here for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here "spirit, soul, and body" represent the whole person. If your language does not have three words for these parts you can state it as "your whole life" or "you." This can be stated in active form. AT: "May God make your whole life without sin" or "May God keep you completely blameless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## be preserved without blame at ## +# Faithful is he who calls you -"be kept from sinning until" +"He is faithful who calls you" -## Faithful is he who calls you ## +# the one who will also do it -AT: "He is faithful who calls you" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) - -## who will also do it ## - -"who will be helping you" \ No newline at end of file +"he will be helping you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/25.md b/1th/05/25.md index 7d6b4ebf4e..2f6fc2d31b 100644 --- a/1th/05/25.md +++ b/1th/05/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## I request of you by the Lord ## +# General Information: -"I ask you, as if the Lord was speaking to you," \ No newline at end of file +Paul gives his closing statements. + +# brothers + +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians. + +# I solemnly charge you by the Lord to have this letter read + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I urge you, as if the Lord were speaking to you, to have people read this letter" or "With the authority of the Lord I direct you to read this letter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/05/intro.md b/1th/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d0aefcef85 --- /dev/null +++ b/1th/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# 1 Thessalonians 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The end of this chapter forms a conclusion typical of a letter in the ancient Near East. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Day of the Lord ##### +The exact time of the coming day of the Lord will be a surprise to the world. This is what the simile "like a thief in the night" means. Because of this, Christians are to be prepared for the coming of the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +##### Quench the Spirit ##### +This means to ignore the Holy Spirit's guidance and to ignore the work he is trying to do through a person. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Thessalonians 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/front/intro.md b/1th/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ec1256806a --- /dev/null +++ b/1th/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +# Introduction to 1 Thessalonians # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 1 Thessalonians #### + +1. Greeting (1:1) +1. Prayer of thanksgiving for the Thessalonian Christians (1:2-10) +1. Paul's ministry in Thessalonica (2:1-16) +1. Paul's concerns for their spiritual growth + - Like a mother (2:7) + - Like a father (2:11) +1. Practical instructions + - Live to please God (4:1-12) + - Comfort regarding those who have died (4:12-18) + - Christ's return is a motive for godly living (5:1-11) +1. Closing blessings, thanks, and prayers (5:12-22) + +#### What is the Book of 1 Thessalonians about? #### + +Paul wrote this letter to the believers in the city of Thessalonica after he had been forced by Jewish riots to suddenly leave the city. In this letter, he explains that in spite of that event, he viewed his visit to them as a success. + +Paul is also responding in this letter to news about the Thessalonian believers that Timothy had brought him. He encourages the believers to live in a way that honors God, and in a way that they will be ready for Jesus Christ when he comes again in triumph. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "1 Thessalonians" or "First Thessalonians." They may instead prefer to choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's First Letter to the Church in Thessalonica," or "The First Letter to the Christians in Thessalonica." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the "second coming" of Jesus? #### + +The Book of 1 Thessalonians focuses on Jesus' eventual return to Earth. At this time, Christ will judge all mankind; he will also begin his full rule as king, bringing peace to all creation. + +#### What happens to those who die before the return of Christ? #### + +There are many different interpretations of the events surrounding the return of Christ. What is universally understood about Paul's teaching here is that those who died before the return of Christ will enter into the Lord's presence. This news should encourage believers. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +Paul means to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Thessalonians? #### + +The texts of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of manuscripts that many believe are more accurate. The following are the most significant issues in the Book of 1 Thessalonians: + +* "Grace and peace to you." (1:1) The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions have the reading: "Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." +* "Instead, we were as gentle among you as a mother comforting her own children." (2:7) The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions have this reading. Other modern versions read, "Instead, we were like babies among you, as when a mother comforts her own children." +* "Timothy, our brother and fellow worker for God." (3:2) The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions have this reading. Some other versions have the reading: "Timothy, our brother and servant of God." + + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/01/01.md b/1ti/01/01.md index ba0634eeaf..4044c6f81e 100644 --- a/1ti/01/01.md +++ b/1ti/01/01.md @@ -1,39 +1,35 @@ -## Paul ## +# General Information: -"From Paul" or "I, Paul, write this letter." +In this book, unless otherwise noted, the word "our" refers to Paul and Timothy (the one to whom this letter is written), as well as to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## according to the commandment of ## +# Paul, an apostle -"by the command of" or "by the authority of" or "because God has commanded me to be an apostle" +"I, Paul, wrote this letter. I am an apostle." Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. Immediately after introducing the writer, you may want to indicate to whom the letter was written, as in the UDB. -## our … our … our ## +# according to the commandment of -Paul is talking about himself, Timothy, and probably other people as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +"by the command of" or "by the authority of" -## God our savior ## +# God our Savior -"God who saved us." +"God who saves us" -## Christ Jesus our hope ## +# Christ Jesus our confidence -"Christ Jesus, who is our hope" or "Christ Jesus in whom we put our confidence about the future." +Here "our confidence" refers to the person in whom we have confidence. AT: "Christ Jesus, who is the one in whom we have confidence" or "Christ Jesus, whom we trust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## To Timothy ## +# true son in the faith -"This letter is for Timothy." +Paul speaks of his close relationship to Timothy as though they were father and son. This shows Paul's sincere love and approval of Timothy. It is also likely that Timothy was converted to Christ by Paul, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. AT: "who is truly like a son to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## true son ## +# Grace, mercy, and peace -This phrase compares the close relationship between Timothy and Paul to that of a father and a son. Timothy was not Paul's actual son, but he gave Paul the same level of honor, obedience, and service that any son could give his father. AT: “You are like a real son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"May grace, mercy, and peace be yours," or "May you experience kindness, mercy, and peace" -## Grace, mercy and peace from ## +# God the Father -"May grace, mercy and peace be yours from," or "May you experience, kindness, mercy and peace within from." +"God, who is our Father." Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## God our Father ## +# Christ Jesus our Lord -"God, who is our Father." - -## and Christ Jesus our Lord ## - -"and Christ Jesus, who is our Lord." \ No newline at end of file +"Christ Jesus, who is our Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/01/03.md b/1ti/01/03.md index 786d710038..ff83b87592 100644 --- a/1ti/01/03.md +++ b/1ti/01/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## I urged you ## +# Connecting Statement: -"As I pleaded with you," or "As I asked you with authority," or "I told you." +Paul encourages Timothy to reject the wrong use of the law and use good teaching from God. -## you ## +# General Information: -singular (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The word "you" in this letter is singular and refers to Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## remain in Ephesus ## +# As I urged you + +"As I pleaded with you" or "As I asked you very strongly" + +# remain in Ephesus "wait for me there in the city of Ephesus" -## Neither should they pay attention ## +# a different doctrine -"Nor should they give close attention" or "Also command them not to pay attention" +The implied information can be stated explicitly. AT: "a different doctrine from what we teach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## genealogies ## +# Neither should they pay attention -A genealogy is the written or verbal record of a person's parents and ancestors. These were very important in Jewish culture as they established which tribe one was in within the people of Israel. Matthew 1 and Luke 3 are good biblical examples. +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "And I also want you to command them not to pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## which cause arguments ## +# to stories -"which make people angrily disagree." The people debate about stories and genealogies about which no one can know the truth for certain. +These may have been stories about their ancestors. -## rather than helping the plan of God ## +# endless genealogies -"rather than advancing the plan of God" or "rather than managing what is from God" +With the word "endless" Paul uses exaggeration to emphasize that the genealogies are very long. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## which is by faith ## +# genealogies -"which is received by faith or "which is accomplished by faith" \ No newline at end of file +"lists of ancestors." A genealogy is the written or verbal record of a person's parents and ancestors. These were very important in Israel, as they established which tribe one was included in the people of Israel. + +# These cause arguments + +"These make people angrily disagree." The people debated about stories and genealogies about which no one could know the truth for certain. + +# rather than helping the plan of God, which is by faith + +Possible meanings are 1) "rather than helping us to understand God's plan to save us, which we learn by faith" or 2) "rather than helping us to do God's work, which we do by faith." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/01/05.md b/1ti/01/05.md index c653551510..9f97e63c79 100644 --- a/1ti/01/05.md +++ b/1ti/01/05.md @@ -1,47 +1,51 @@ -## the goal of the commandment ## +# Now -"the aim of the instruction" or "what we apostles are telling you to do" +This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Paul explains the purpose of what he is commanding Timothy. -## commandment ## +# the commandment -or "order. Here this does not mean the Old Testament or the Ten commandments but rather the charge given in 1:3 by Paul. +Here this does not mean the Old Testament or the Ten Commandments but rather the instructions that Paul gives in [1 Timothy 1:3-4](./03.md). -## love ## +# is love -Possible meanings are 1) love for God (UDB) or 2) love for one's neighbor. +Possible meanings are 1) "is to love God" or 2) "is to love people." -## from a pure heart ## +# from a pure heart -"desiring to have no sin in anything you do." +Here "pure" means the person does not have hidden motives to do wrong. Here "heart" refers to a person's mind and thoughts. AT: "from a mind that is honest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## good conscience ## +# good conscience -"a conscience that has chosen right over wrong" or "a conscience that can choose right over wrong" +"a conscience that chooses right instead wrong" -## sincere ## +# sincere faith -"honest" or "true" or "without hypocrisy." This is the negative of the word for an actor on a stage: +"genuine faith" or "a faith without hypocrisy" -## law ## +# Some people have missed the mark -The Law of Moses is meant. +Paul speaks of faith in Christ as if it were a target at which to aim. Paul means that some people are not fulfilling the purpose of their faith, which is to love as he just explained in 1:5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but they do not understand ## +# have turned away from these things -"even though they do not understand," or "and yet they do not understand." +Here "turned away" is an idiom that means they have stopped doing what God has commanded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## what they insist on ## +# teachers of the law -"what they strongly say" or "what they state with confidence" +Here "law" refers to the law of Moses. -## But ## +# but they do not understand -"Now" +"even though they do not understand" or "and yet they do not understand" -## we know that the law is good ## +# what they so confidently affirm + +"what they so confidently state is true" + +# we know that the law is good "we understand that the law is useful" or "we understand that the law is beneficial" -## if one uses it lawfully ## +# if one uses it lawfully -"if anyone uses it correctly" or "if anyone uses it the way it is intended for" \ No newline at end of file +"if a person uses it correctly" or "if a person uses it the way God intended" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/01/09.md b/1ti/01/09.md index a1935e7e85..634197fc40 100644 --- a/1ti/01/09.md +++ b/1ti/01/09.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## And we know this ## +# We know this -"That is, we understand this or "Because we realize this" or "We also know this" +"Because we realize this" or "We also know this" -## not made for a righteous man ## +# that law is not made for a righteous man -"not given for a righteous person" or "not given to a person who obeys it" or "not given to a person who is righteous before God" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God did not make the law for the righteous man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for those who kill their fathers and mothers ## +# a righteous man -"murderers of their fathers and also murderers of their mothers" or "those who physically hurt their fathers and mothers" +Here "man" includes both male and female. AT: "a righteous person" or "a good person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## sexually immoral people ## +# It is made -This is literally the masculine form of the word for female prostitute. In other places it is used as a metaphor for people unfaithful to God, but in this case the meaning seems to be extended to include anyone who sleeps with someone outside of marriage. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God made the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## homosexuals ## +# sexually immoral people -"men who sleep with other men." The word in Greek is specific to a man who sleeps with with another man. +This refers to anyone who sleeps with someone to whom they are not married. -## those who kidnap people for slaves ## +# homosexuals + +"men who sleep with other men" + +# those who kidnap people for slaves "those who kidnap people to sell as slaves" or "those who take people to sell as slaves" -## sound doctrine ## +# for whatever else is against faithful instruction -"correct teachings" or "instructions that are true" +"for those who do anything else that is against true Christian teaching" -## the glorious gospel of the blessed God ## +# the glorious gospel of the blessed God "the gospel about the glory that belongs to the blessed God" or "the gospel of the glorious and blessed God" -## with which I have been entrusted ## +# with which I have been entrusted -"which God has given me and made me responsible for" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which God has given me and made me responsible for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/01/12.md b/1ti/01/12.md index bc3943d6d9..90509ca524 100644 --- a/1ti/01/12.md +++ b/1ti/01/12.md @@ -1,35 +1,47 @@ -## And I thank ## +# Connecting Statement: -"I am grateful" or "I am thankful" +Paul tells how he acted in the past and encourages Timothy to trust God. -## he considered me faithful ## +# he considered me faithful -"he considered me trustworthy" or "'he thought I would be reliable" +"he considered me trustworthy" or "he regarded me as reliable" -## and placed me into service ## +# he placed me into service -"so he appointed me to the ministry" or "since he put me in a position to serve" +Paul speaks of the task of serving God as if it were a place that one could be placed in. AT: "he assigned me to serve him" or "he appointed me as his servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## me, a former blasphemer ## +# I was a blasphemer -"even though I spoke evil against Christ" or "someone who was a blasphemer in the past" +"I was a person who spoke evil against Christ." Paul is referring to his character before he was a Christian. -## violent man ## +# a persecutor -"a person who hurts others." This is a person who believes that he has the right to hurt others. +"a person who persecuted those who believed in Christ" -## But I received mercy ## +# violent man -"yet I received mercy from God" or "yet God showed his mercy on me" +"a person was cruel towards other people." This is a person who believes he has the right to hurt others. -## because I acted ignorantly in unbelief ## +# But I received mercy because I acted ignorantly in unbelief -explanation +"But because I did not believe in Jesus, and I did not know what I was doing, I received mercy from Jesus" -## But ## +# I received mercy -"And" +"Jesus showed me mercy" or "Jesus had mercy on me" -## overflowed with faith and love ## +# But the grace -"was in great abundance" or "was more than enough" \ No newline at end of file +"And the grace" + +# the grace of our Lord overflowed + +Paul speaks of God's grace as if it were a liquid that could fill a container and spill out of the top when the container is full. AT: "God showed me much grace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with faith and love + +This is the result of God showing much grace to Paul. AT: "which caused me to trust in Jesus and love him" + +# that is in Christ Jesus + +This speaks about Jesus as if he were a container that holds a liquid. Here "in Christ Jesus" refers to having a relationship with Jesus. AT: "that Christ Jesus enables me to give to God because I am united to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/01/15.md b/1ti/01/15.md index dae5ab2fc7..6905f5b8df 100644 --- a/1ti/01/15.md +++ b/1ti/01/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## This message is reliable ## +# This message is reliable "This statement is true" -## worthy of all acceptance ## +# worthy of all acceptance -"can be received without any doubt" or "deserve to be accepted with full confidence" +"we should receive it without any doubt" or "deserves for us to accept it with full confidence" -## I was first given mercy ## +# I was given mercy -"God showed me mercy first" or "I obtained mercy from God first" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God showed me mercy" or "I obtained mercy from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the king of the ages ## +# so that in me, the foremost -"the eternal king" or 'the chief ruler forever." +"so that through me, the worst sinner" -## be honor and glory ## +# Now ... Amen -may He be honored and given glory" or "may people honor and give glory to you" \ No newline at end of file +The word "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Paul praises God. + +# the king of the ages + +"the eternal king" or "the chief ruler forever" + +# Now to the king of the ages, the immortal, invisible, the only God, be honor and glory forever and ever + +The abstract nouns "honor" and "glory" can be stated as verbs. AT: "Now may people forever honor and glorify the king of the ages, who is immortal, invisible, and the only God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/01/18.md b/1ti/01/18.md index 83d55ff00f..e871cb7a52 100644 --- a/1ti/01/18.md +++ b/1ti/01/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## I set this command before you ## +# I am placing this command before you -"This command I give to you"" or "This command I entrust to you" +Paul speaks of his instructions as if he could physically put them in front of Timothy. AT: "I am entrusting you with this command" or "This is what I am commanding you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## child ## +# my child -This is a more general word than //son// or //daughter//, but it still denotes kinship with the father. Paul uses this as a metaphor for his love for Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of his close relationship to Timothy as though Paul is the father and Timothy is the child. It is also likely that Timothy was converted to Christ by Paul, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. AT: "who is truly like my child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## engage in the good fight ## +# in accordance with the prophecies previously made about you -"participate in a struggle that is worth the effort" or "work hard to defeat enemies." This is a metaphor that means "work hard for the Lord" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "in agreement with what other believers prophesied about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## have been shipwrecked in respect to the faith ## +# fight the good fight -Paul uses another metaphor to compare the condition of their faith to a ship that has been wrecked on the rocks. The metaphor means "what has happened to their faith is a disaster" (UDB). You should use this or a similar metaphor if it will be understood in your language. +Paul speaks about Timothy working for the Lord as if he were a soldier fighting a battle. AT: "continue to work hard for the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they may be taught ## +# a good conscience -"that God may teach them" \ No newline at end of file +"a conscience that chooses right instead wrong." See how you translated this in [1 Timothy 1:5](./05.md). + +# some have shipwrecked their faith + +Paul speaks of these people's faith as if it were a ship that could be wrecked at sea. He means that they have ruined their faith and no longer believe in Jesus. You should use this or a similar metaphor if it will be understood in the project language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Hymenaeus ... Alexander + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# whom I gave over to Satan + +Paul speaks as if he physically handed these men to Satan. This probably means that Paul rejected them from the community of believers. Since they are no longer a part of the community, Satan can have power of them and harm them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they may be taught + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God may teach them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/01/intro.md b/1ti/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3be3f37806 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ti/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 1 Timothy 01 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Spiritual children ##### +Paul calls Timothy his "son." Paul was very involved in discipling Timothy in his faith. Therefore, he called him his "spiritual" son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Genealogies ##### + +This is probably a reference to some people's speculation about who the Messiah was. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Play on words ##### +The phrase "the law is good if one uses it lawfully" is a pun or play on words. "Law" and "lawfully" sound similar. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Timothy 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[1 Timothy intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/02/01.md b/1ti/02/01.md index 6ebf90cfac..518c06f266 100644 --- a/1ti/02/01.md +++ b/1ti/02/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## first of all ## +# Connecting Statement: -"most important" or "before anything else." It is the practice of prayer (making requests, prayers, intercessions and thanksgivings) that is most important. Paul is not saying that he urges first, nor that it be first all men for whom believers pray. +Paul encourages Timothy to pray for all people. -## I urge ## +# first of all -"I plead" or 'I ask" +"most important" or "before anything else" -## dignity ## +# I urge that requests, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings be made -"in a way for which people will respect us." When paired with godliness, it means "in a way for which other people will honor God and respect us." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I urge all believers to make requests, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgiving to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I urge + +"I plead" or "I ask" + +# a peaceful and quiet life + +Here "peaceful" and "quiet" mean the same thing. Paul wants all believers to be able to live calm lives without trouble from the authorities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# in all godliness and dignity + +"that honors God and that other people will respect" + +# He desires all people to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God desires to save all people and for them to come to the knowledge of the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to come to the knowledge of the truth + +Paul speaks of learning the truth about God as if it were a place to which people could be brought. AT: "to know and accept what is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/02/05.md b/1ti/02/05.md index 142da317aa..6a1b85cdc2 100644 --- a/1ti/02/05.md +++ b/1ti/02/05.md @@ -1,35 +1,31 @@ -## one mediator between God and man ## +# one mediator for God and man -A mediator is a person who helps negotiate a peaceful settlement by two parties who do not agree with each other. It is here used for Jesus who helps sinners to enter into a peaceful relationship with God. +A mediator is a person who helps negotiate a peaceful settlement between two parties who disagree with each other. Here Jesus helps sinners enter into a peaceful relationship with God. -## gave himself ## +# gave himself "died willingly" -## as a ransom ## +# as a ransom "as a price of freedom" or "as a payment to obtain freedom" -## the testimony at the right time ## +# as the testimony at the right time -"this is his testimony at the right time" or "the testimony during these times" +It can be made explicit that this was the testimony that God wants to save all people. AT: "as the proof at the right time that God wants to save all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## For this purpose ## +# at the right time -"For this" or "For this reason" or "For this testimony" +This means that this was the time that God had chosen. -## was made a herald ## +# For this purpose -"was appointed a preacher" or "was appointed by Christ to be a preacher" +"For this" or "For this reason" -## I speak truth ## +# I myself, was made a herald and an apostle -"I am saying the truth" or "I am telling the truth" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Christ made me, Paul, a preacher and an apostle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I do not lie ## +# I am a teacher of the Gentiles in faith and truth -"I am not lying" - -## in faith and truth ## - -"about faith and truth" or "with faith and truth" \ No newline at end of file +"I teach the Gentiles the message of faith and truth." Here, Paul may be using "faith" and truth" to express one idea. AT: "I teach the Gentiles about the true faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/02/08.md b/1ti/02/08.md index a1793a8028..763bb23eed 100644 --- a/1ti/02/08.md +++ b/1ti/02/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## men in every place ## +# Connecting Statement: -"the males in all places" or "the males everywhere." +Paul finishes his instructions on prayer then gives some special instructions for women. -## and to lift up ## +# I want men in every place to pray and to lift up holy hands -"by lifting up" or "by raising" +Here "holy hands" means the entire person is holy. AT: "I want men in every place who are holy to lift up their hands and pray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## holy hands ## +# men in every place -"hands that are set apart for God." This is a metonym for a person who avoids sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"the males in all places" or "the males everywhere." Here the word "men" refers specifically to males. -## without wrath and doubts ## +# lift up holy hands -"without expressing anger towards another and disputing with others" or "without expressing anger towards others and doubting God" +It was a normal posture for people to raise their hands while praying. -## with modesty ## +# with modesty and self-control -"in a way that does not call the wrong type of attention to them" or "in a way that shows proper respect for people and God" +Both of these words mean basically the same thing. Paul is emphasizing that women should wear clothes that are appropriate and do not attract improper attention from men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## with braided hair ## +# They should not have braided hair -"working hard to make their hair look good" +During Paul's time, many Roman women braided their hair to make themselves attractive. Braiding is only one way a woman can give undue attention to her hair. If braided hair is unknown, it can be stated in a more general way. AT: "They should not have fancy hairstyles" or "They should not have elaborate hairstyle that attract attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## profess godliness through good works ## +# pearls -"want to show that they belong to God by the good things they do" \ No newline at end of file +These are beautiful and valuable white balls that people use as jewelry. They are formed inside the shell of a certain kind of small animal that lives in the ocean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# who profess godliness through good works + +"who want to honor God by the good things they do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/02/11.md b/1ti/02/11.md index cbaabfe15e..4c01db87f9 100644 --- a/1ti/02/11.md +++ b/1ti/02/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## A woman should learn ## +# in silence -"Let a woman learn" or "A woman must learn" +"in quietness" -## in silence ## +# and with all submission -"in quietness" or "in quiet behavior" +"and submit to what is taught" -## in all compliance ## +# I do not permit a woman -"ready to obey everything God commands" - -## I do not permit a woman ## - -"And I do not allow a woman" \ No newline at end of file +"I do not allow a woman" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/02/13.md b/1ti/02/13.md index f22e86645b..60104acc42 100644 --- a/1ti/02/13.md +++ b/1ti/02/13.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## Adam was formed first ## +# Adam was formed first -"Adam is the one God formed first" or "Adam was created first by God" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Adam is the one God formed first" or "God created Adam first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## then Eve ## +# then Eve -"then Eve was created" or "next was Eve" +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "and then God formed Eve" or "then God created Eve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## And Adam was not deceived ## +# Adam was not deceived -"And Adam was not the one deceived by the snake" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "And Adam was not the one whom the serpent deceived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## became completely deceived in transgression ## +# but the woman was deceived and became a transgressor -"disobeyed God's command, having been completely deceived." The main point of the clause is that it was Eve, not Adam, who (first) disobeyed God's law. She sinned because she had been completely deceived. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but it was the woman who disobeyed God when the serpent deceived her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## she will be saved through bearing children ## +# she will be saved through bearing children -"God will keep her safe through the normal course of life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "she" refers to women in general. Possible meanings are 1) God will keep women physically safe as they give birth to children, or 2) God will save women from their sins through their role as child bearers. -## if they continue ## +# she will be saved -"if they remain" or "if they continue living" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will save her" or "God will save women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in faith and love and sanctification ## +# if they continue -"in trusting Jesus and loving others and living a holy life" +"if they remain" or "if they continue living." Here "they" refers to women. -## with soundness of mind ## +# in faith and love and sanctification -"with self-control" or "with awareness of what is best" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract nouns here can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "in trusting Jesus and loving others and living a holy life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# with soundness of mind + +Possible meanings for this idiom are 1) "with good judgment," 2) "with modesty," or 3) "with self-control." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# soundness of mind + +If the idiom is retained in translation, the abstract noun "soundness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "a sound mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/02/intro.md b/1ti/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b5df82ecc --- /dev/null +++ b/1ti/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# 1 Timothy 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Peace ##### +Paul encourages the Christians to live peaceful lives by exercising discipline and self-control. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]]) + +##### Women in the church ##### +Paul is probably instructing the women how to use their freedom in Christ in such a way that it does not upset the normal cultural standards for women. Because of the potential for controversy, extra care should be taken in translating these passages. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings" ##### +There is some overlap in meaning to these terms. It is not necessary to view these as perfectly distinct categories. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Timothy 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/03/01.md b/1ti/03/01.md index 313292c571..513b102fa7 100644 --- a/1ti/03/01.md +++ b/1ti/03/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,23 @@ -## husband of one wife ## +# Connecting Statement: -A man must have only one wife. It is unclear if this excludes men who have been previously widowed or divorced, or never married. +Paul gives some special instructions on how the overseers of the church should act and be. -## moderate ## +# a good work -"does nothing to excess" +"an honorable task" -## sensible ## +# husband of one wife -"one who thinks in wise ways" or “one who uses sound judgment” or “reasonable” or “rational” or “intelligent” +An overseer must have only one wife. It is unclear if this excludes men who have been previously widowed or divorced, or never married. -## orderly ## +# He must be moderate, sensible, orderly, and hospitable -"behaves well" +"He must not do anything to excess, must be reasonable and behave well, and must be friendly to strangers" -## hospitable ## +# He must not be addicted to wine, not a brawler, but instead, gentle, peaceful -"welcomes strangers" +"He must neither drink too much alcohol nor like to fight and argue, but instead he must be gentle and peaceful" -## not addicted to wine ## +# a lover of money -"not a drunkard" or "not drinking too much wine" - -## not a brawler ## - -"not someone who likes to fight and argue" - -## lover of money ## - -can be a person who steals either directly or through fraud. It can also be someone who works honestly to gain money but does not care properly for other people. - -## a good work ## - -"an honorable work" \ No newline at end of file +"greedy for money" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/03/04.md b/1ti/03/04.md index 04337a157e..5fb6d8f3f8 100644 --- a/1ti/03/04.md +++ b/1ti/03/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## manage his own household well, and his children should obey him with all respect ## +# He should manage -Possible meanings are 1) as the overseer's children submit to him they will respect other people (UDB) or 2) the overseer is to respect his family as he manages it. +"He should lead" or "He should take care of" -## manage his own household ## +# with all respect -"take care of his family" or "guide the people who live in his house" +Possible meanings are 1) the overseer's children should obey and show respect to their father or 2) the overseer's children should show respect to everyone or 3) the overseer should show respect to those in his household as he leads them. -## with all respect ## +# all respect -The all could refer to "all people" or "at all times" or "in all circumstances." +"complete respect" or "respect at all times" -## for if a man does not know ## +# For if a man does not know how to manage -"but if a man does not know" or "for when a man cannot" or "but assuming a man cannot" +"For when a man cannot manage" -## how will he care for a church of God ## +# how will he care for a church of God? -AT: "he cannot take care of the church of God" or "he will not be able to lead a church of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul uses a question to teach Timothy. AT: "he cannot take care of a church of God." or "he will not be able to lead a church of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a church of God + +Here "church" refers to a local group of God's people. AT: "a group of God's people" or "the believers over whom he is in charge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/03/06.md b/1ti/03/06.md index f55f0996fb..eb094eca78 100644 --- a/1ti/03/06.md +++ b/1ti/03/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## He should not be a new convert ## +# He should not be a new convert -"he should not be a new believer" or "he should not be someone who became a believer a short time ago" or "he must be a mature believer" +"He should not be a new believer" or "He must be a mature believer" -## and fall into condemnation like the devil ## +# fall into condemnation as the devil -“become proud like the devil did and because of that be condemned as the devil was" +Paul speaks of the experience of being condemned for having done wrong as if it were a hole that a person could fall into. AT: "have God condemn him as he condemned the devil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He must also have a good reputation with those outside ## +# those outside -"It is necessary that those who do not believe in Jesus think well of him" or "Those outside of the church must also think well of him" (UDB) +"those outside of the church." Paul speaks of the church as though it were a place, and of unbelievers as though they were physically outside of it. AT: "those who are not Christians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## fall into disgrace ## +# he does not fall into disgrace and the trap of the devil -"bring shame upon himself" or "give anyone reason to disapprove of him” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reproach]]) - -## fall into ... the trap of the devil ## - -"allow the devil to trap him." Satan setting a trap or snare is a metaphor for Satan tricking a believer into unknowingly committing sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of disgrace and the devil causing someone to sin as if they were a hole or a trap into which a person falls. Here "fall into" means to experience. AT: "nothing causes him shame before the unbelievers and so that the devil does not cause him to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/03/08.md b/1ti/03/08.md index 807db300a1..aa8b8e8156 100644 --- a/1ti/03/08.md +++ b/1ti/03/08.md @@ -1,35 +1,31 @@ -## Deacons, likewise ## +# Connecting Statement: -"There are requirements for overseers, there are requirements for deacons too" +Paul gives some special instructions on how the deacons of the church and their wives should act and be. -## should be dignified ## +# Deacons, likewise -"should be worthy of respect" +"Deacons, like overseers" -## not double-talkers ## +# should be dignified, not double-talkers -talkers **- "not saying one thing but meaning another thing" or "not saying one thing to one person and saying something different to another" +Paul speaks about these people as if they were "double-talkers" or could say two things at once. He means the person says one thing but mean something else. AT: "should act properly and mean what they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## not drinking too much wine ## +# They should keep the revealed truth of the faith -"not addicted to much wine" or "not devoted to much wine" +"They must continue to believe the true message God revealed to us and that we believe." This refers to a truth that had existed for some time but that God was showing to them at that moment. Paul speaks of true teaching about God as if it were an object that a person could keep with himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## not greedy ## +# the revealed truth -"not looking for dishonest gain" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the truth that God revealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They should keep the revealed truth of the faith ## +# faith with a clean conscience -"They must continue to believe the true message God revealed to us and that we believe." This refers to a truth that had existed for some time but that God was showing to them at that moment. +Paul speaks of a person's knowledge that he has done no wrong as if that knowledge or conscience were clean. AT: "faith, knowing they have tried their hardest to do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## with a clean conscience ## +# They should also be approved first -"with a conscience that knows they have done nothing wrong" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Other believers should approve of them first" or "They should prove themselves first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They should ... be approved first ## +# be approved -"They should be evaluated to determine if they are fit to serve" or "They should prove themselves first" - -## because they are above reproach ## - -"if no one can find anything wrong with them" or “because they are blameless” or “since they have done nothing wrong.” \ No newline at end of file +This means other believers should evaluate those who want to be a deacon and determine if they are fit to serve in the church. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/03/11.md b/1ti/03/11.md index 67c746b6aa..fbcd209440 100644 --- a/1ti/03/11.md +++ b/1ti/03/11.md @@ -1,39 +1,39 @@ -## Women in the same way ## +# Women in the same way -"Wives, likewise have requirements" or "deaconesses, there are requirements like deacons." The general term women may apply to women in general, but it seems to apply to deacons' wives or female deacons here because the preceding and following verses clearly speak about deacons. +Possible meanings are 1) "women" refers to the wives of deacons or 2) "women" refers to female deacons. -## be dignified ## +# be dignified -"act properly" +"act properly" or "be worthy of respect" -## not slanderers ## +# They should not be slanderers -"they must not speak evil about other people" +"They must not speak evil about other people" -## moderate ## +# be moderate and -"they must not do anything to excess" +"not do anything to excess." See how you translated this in [1 Timothy 3:2](./01.md). -## husbands of one wife ## +# husbands of one wife -A man must have only one wife. It is unclear if this excludes men who have been previously widowed or divorced, or never married. +A man must have only one wife. It is unclear if this excludes men who have been previously widowed, divorced, or never married. See how you translated this in [1 Timothy 3:2](./01.md). -## manage well their children and home ## +# manage well their children and household -"properly take care of and lead their children and others who live in their houses" +"properly take care of and lead their children and others who live in their homes" -## For those ## +# For those -"For those deacons" or "For those bishops, deacons, and deaconesses" or "For these church leaders" +"For those deacons" or "For these church leaders" -## acquire for themselves ## +# acquire for themselves "receive for themselves" or "gain for themselves" -## a sure basis ## +# a good standing -Possible meanings are 1) a reputation within the Church or 2) a standing before God or 3) a promotion in rank in the Church, e.g., to the standing of bishop. +The implied meaning may be stated explicitly. AT: "a good reputation among other believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## acquire … much boldness in faith ## +# great confidence in the faith that is in Christ Jesus -"gain … great courage to speak about their faith" or "become confident that what they believe is true" or "become confident before men and God because they know what they believe is true" or "acquire … great courage to speak about what they believe in" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) they will trust in Jesus with even more confidence or 2) they will speak confidently to other people about their faith in Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/03/14.md b/1ti/03/14.md index 165222e343..e18abfb83e 100644 --- a/1ti/03/14.md +++ b/1ti/03/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## I write to you these things ## +# Connecting Statement: -"I write these instructions to you" +Paul tells Timothy the reason he wrote to him and then describes Christ's godliness. -## and I hope to come to you soon ## +# and I hope to come to you soon -"although I hope to come to you very soon" +"although I hope to visit you very soon" -## but if I delay ## +# But if I delay -"but in case I cannot make it there soon" or "but if something prevents me for being there soon" +"But in case I cannot go there soon" or "But if something prevents me for being there soon" -## I write so that ## +# so that you may know how to behave in the household of God -"I write for the purpose that" +Paul speaks of the group of believers as if they were a family. Possible meanings are 1) Paul is referring only to Timothy's behavior in the church. AT: "so that you may know how to conduct yourself as a member of God's family" or 2) Paul is referring to the believers' in general. AT: "so that you all may know how to conduct yourselves as members of God's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the house of God ... must be guided ## +# household of God, which is the church of the living God -"how you must guide the family of God" +This phrase gives us information about "the household of God" rather than making a distinction between a household of God which is the church and one that is not the church. This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "house hold of God. Those who belong to the family of God are the community of believers in the living God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) -## pillar and support of the truth ## +# which is the church of the living God, the pillar and support of the truth -The metaphor is of a large, strong platform on which God displays the truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The platform in turn is expressed as a synecdoche of its parts, the base and the upright. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of the believers bearing witness to the truth about Christ as if they were a pillar and a base supporting a building. This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "which is the church of the living God. And, by keeping and teaching God's truth, these members of the church support the truth just as a pillar and base support a building" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the living God + +Here this expression may be speaking of God as the one who gives life to all, as in the UDB. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/03/16.md b/1ti/03/16.md index 2f4e5762ea..77663801e4 100644 --- a/1ti/03/16.md +++ b/1ti/03/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## And together we agree ## +# It is undeniable -"And beyond all questions" or "And without any doubt." What follows was probably a song, poem, or creed that the early church used to list important doctrines that all believers shared. +"No one can deny" -## in the flesh ## +# that the revealed truth of godliness is great -"as a true human being" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the truth which God revealed is great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Great is the revealed truth of godliness ## +# He appeared ... up in glory -"The truth that God has revealed to us about how to live godly lives is great" +This is most likely a song or poem that Paul is quoting. If your language has a way of indicating that this is poetry you could use it here. If not, you could translate this as regular prose rather than poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) -## Was justified by the Spirit ## +# He appeared -"the Holy Spirit confirmed Jesus was who He said He was" +Here "He" is ambiguous. It could refers to "God" or to "Christ." It may be best to translate this as "He." If you must be more specific you could translate it as "Christ who is God" or "Christ." -## Was proclaimed among nations ## +# in the flesh -"People in many nations told others about Jesus" +Paul uses "flesh" here to mean a human being. AT: "as a true human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Was believed on in the world ## +# was justified by the Spirit -"People in many parts of the world believed in Jesus" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Holy Spirit confirmed that he was who he said he was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was seen by angels + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the angels saw him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was proclaimed among nations + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people in many nations told others about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was believed on in the world + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people in many parts of the world believed in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was taken up in glory + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God the Father took him up to heaven in glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in glory + +This means he received power from God the Father and he is worthy of honor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/03/intro.md b/1ti/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5126b30647 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ti/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 1 Timothy 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +[1 Timothy 3:16](./16.md) was probably a song, poem, or creed the early church used to list important doctrines believers all shared. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Overseer and Deacons ##### +There is some disagreement over the different titles used for church leaders. Some titles include: overseer, elder, pastor, and bishop. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Character qualities ##### +This chapter lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an overseer in the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Timothy 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/04/01.md b/1ti/04/01.md index afc4d1162f..47859e6a0c 100644 --- a/1ti/04/01.md +++ b/1ti/04/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## leave the faith ## +# Connecting Statement: -"stop believing in Jesus" or "depart from what they believe in" +Paul tells Timothy what the Spirit says will happen and encourages him in what he should teach. -## in later times ## +# Now -Possible meanings are 1) times later than Paul's time, "in times to come" or "in the future" or 2) Paul's own time, "during this period of time before the end." +This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Paul starts to tell a new part of the teaching. -## and pay attention ## +# in later times -"by giving attention" or "because they are paying attention" or "while listening" or "these are those who pay attention" +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to a time after Paul dies or 2) this is at a latter time in Paul's own life. -## deceitful spirits and the teachings of demons ## +# leave the faith + +Paul speaks of people ceasing to trust in Christ as if they were physically leaving a place or an object. AT: "stop trusting in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# and pay attention + +"and give attention" or "because they are paying attention" + +# deceitful spirits and the teachings of demons "spirits who trick people and the things that demons teach" -## through lying hypocrisy ## +# demons in lying hypocrisy -"taught by hypocrites who tell lies" +This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "demons. These people will be hypocrites and speak lies" -## their own consciences branded ## +# Their own consciences will be branded -The metaphor is of masters pressing hot metal against the skin of slaves or animals to make scars that show ownership. Possible meanings are 1) the branding is a mark of identification, "They do this even though they can see that they are hypocrites," or 2) their consciences are numb, "as if they had pressed hot metal against their consciences to make them numb." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is speaking of people who can no longer tell that they are doing wrong as if their minds are ruined like skin that someone has burned with a hot iron or 2) Paul is speaking of these people as if Satan had put a mark on these people with a hot iron to indicate that they belong to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/04/03.md b/1ti/04/03.md index 6eed05fa56..b4cab79cc0 100644 --- a/1ti/04/03.md +++ b/1ti/04/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## They will ## +# They will "These people will" -## forbid to marry ## +# forbid to marry -"forbid believers to marry" or "prevent believers from marrying" +It is implied that they will forbid believers to marry. AT: "forbid believers to marry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## forbid ... to receive foods ## +# to receive foods -"require people ... to abstain from foods" or "stop people ... from eating foods" or "not allow people ... to eat certain foods." The "people" here are probably "believers" (UDB). +It is implied that they will forbid only certain foods. AT: "they will require believers to abstain from certain foods" or "they will not allow people to eat certain foods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## believers who came to know the truth ## +# everything created by God is good -"believers who know the truth" or "believers who have learned the truth" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everything that God has created is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## nothing that we take with thanksgiving is rejected ## +# Nothing that we take with thanksgiving is to be rejected -"we do not throw away anything we thank God for" or "we do not disapprove of anything we thank God for" or “everything that we eat with thanksgiving is acceptable” +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We should not refuse anything for which we give thanks to God" or "Everything that we eat with thanksgiving is acceptable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## it is consecrated through the word of God and prayer ## +# it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer -"we have set it apart for God's use by obeying God's Word and praying to him" or "we have set it apart for God's use by a prayer that agrees with the truth God has revealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "word of God" and "prayer" are used together to express one idea. The prayer is in agreement with the truth that God has revealed. AT: "it is dedicated for God's use by praying in agreement with his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# it is sanctified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we sanctify it" or "we have set it apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# word of God + +Here "word" refers to God's message or what he has revealed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/04/06.md b/1ti/04/06.md index 01c995d616..d2bc132f61 100644 --- a/1ti/04/06.md +++ b/1ti/04/06.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## place these things before ## +# If you place these things before the brothers -"put these thoughts in the believers' minds" or "help the believers remember these words." The "thoughts" and "words" refer to all the teachings from [1 Timothy 3:16](../03/16.md) to [1 Timothy 4:3](./03.md). +Paul speaks of his instructions as if they were objects that could be physically presented to the believers. Here, to place before means to instruct or to remind. AT: "If you help the believers remember these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## nourished ## +# these things -"trained" (UDB). God was making Timothy stronger and teaching Timothy to do what pleases God. +This refers to the teaching that started in [1 Timothy 3:16](../03/16.md). -## words of faith ## +# the brothers + +This refers to all believers whether male or female. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# you are being nourished by the words of faith and by the good teaching that you have followed + +Paul speaks of God's word and its teaching as if it could physically feed Timothy and make him strong. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the words of faith and the good teaching that you have followed are causing you to trust more strongly in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# words of faith "words that cause people to believe" -## profane stories loved by old women ## +# worldly stories loved by old women -"profane and old-womanish myths." The word for stories is the same as for "myths" in [1 Timothy 1:3](../01/03.md), so you should translate it the same here. The reference to old women is probably a metaphor for "silly" or "absurd." Paul is not purposely insulting women in his reference to “old women.” Instead, he and his audience knew that men die younger than women, so there are more women than men whose minds have become feeble due to old age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]].) +"profane stories and old wives' tales." The word for "stories" is the same as for "myths" in [1 Timothy 1:4](../01/03.md), so you should translate it the same here. -## train yourself in godliness ## +# loved by old women -"train yourself to be more godly" or "train yourself to act in ways that please God" or "work hard to become more godly" +This is probably an expression that means "silly" or "absurd." Paul is not purposely insulting women in his reference to "old women." Instead, he and his audience knew that men die younger than women, so there are more women than men whose minds have become feeble due to old age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## body training ## +# train yourself in godliness + +"train yourself to honor God" or "train yourself to act in ways that please God" + +# bodily training "physical exercise" -## holds promise for this life ## +# holds promise for this life -"is beneficial to this life" or "helps to make this life better" \ No newline at end of file +"is beneficial to this life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/04/09.md b/1ti/04/09.md index 1cca2baaa8..ae10109a31 100644 --- a/1ti/04/09.md +++ b/1ti/04/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## worth full acceptance ## +# worthy of full acceptance "worthy of your complete belief" or "worthy of your full trust" -## For it is for this ## +# For it is for this "This is the reason" -## struggle and work very hard ## +# struggle and work very hard -The words "struggle" and "work very hard" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how hard they work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "struggle" and "work very hard" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize the intensity with which they serve God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## we have confidence in the living God ## +# we have confidence in the living God -"we have put our hope on a living God" or "we have put our hope on the living God" +Here "living God" probably means, "God, who makes all things live." -## but especially of believers ## +# but especially of believers -"but he is especially the savior of those people who believe" \ No newline at end of file +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "but he is especially the Savior of those people who believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/04/11.md b/1ti/04/11.md index 6291c236c5..1d75f2d0c4 100644 --- a/1ti/04/11.md +++ b/1ti/04/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Proclaim and teach these things ## +# Proclaim and teach these things "Command and teach these things" or "Command and teach these things I just mentioned" -## Let no one think down at your young age ## +# Let no one despise your youth -"do not let anyone consider you less important because you are young" +"Do not let anyone consider you less important because you are young" -## attend to the reading ## +# attend to the reading, to the exhortation, and to the teaching -"do the reading of Scriptures" or "continue to read the Word of God aloud in public" - -## attend to … the exhortation ## - -"exhort others" or "encourage others to apply God's Word in their lives" \ No newline at end of file +The words "reading," "exhortation," and "teaching" can be translated with verbal phrases. The implied information can also be supplied in translation AT: "continue reading the scripture to the people, exhorting the people, and teaching the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/04/14.md b/1ti/04/14.md index 43ca79ba83..03bf429d11 100644 --- a/1ti/04/14.md +++ b/1ti/04/14.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## laying on of the hands of the elders ## +# Do not neglect the gift that is in you -This was a ceremony in which the church leaders literally put their hands on Timothy and prayed that God would enable him to do the work he had commanded him to do. +Paul speaks of Timothy as if he were a container that could hold God's gifts. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Do not neglect your spiritual gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you will save yourself and those who listen to you ## +# Do not neglect -"you will keep yourself and those who listen to you from believing false messages and from doing wrong actions." People who believe false messages and do wrong actions can expect to suffer as a result. Paul does not want Timothy and his friends to suffer for believing and doing wrong things. +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Be sure to use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Do not neglect the gift that is in you ## +# which was given to you through prophecy -"Use the gift God gave you" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you received when leaders of the church spoke God's word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## through prophecy ## +# laying on of the hands of the elders -"when leaders of the church spoke God's Word" +This was a ceremony in which the church leaders put their hands on Timothy and prayed that God would enable him to do the work he had commanded him to do. -## Care for these things, be in them ## +# Care for these things. Be in them -"Do all these things and live according to them" +Paul speaks of God's gifts to Timothy as if he could physically be in them. AT: "Do all these things and live according to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## so that your progress may appear to all people ## +# so that your progress may be evident to all people -"so other people will see your growth" or "so other people will see your improvement in doing them" +Paul speaks of Timothy's increasing ability to serve God as if it were a physical object that others could look at. AT: "so other people will know that you are serving God better and better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Give careful attention to yourself ## +# Give careful attention to yourself and to the teaching -"Conduct yourself carefully" or "Control your own behavior" +"Conduct yourself carefully and give attention to the teaching" or "Control your own behavior and give attention to the teaching" -## Continue in these things ## +# Continue in these things -"Continue to do these things" \ No newline at end of file +"Continue to do these things" + +# you will save yourself and those who listen to you + +Possible meanings are 1) Timothy will save himself and those who hear him from God's judgment or 2) Timothy will save himself and those who hear him from the influence of false teachers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/04/intro.md b/1ti/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..88244d56b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ti/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 1 Timothy 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +[1 Timothy 4:1-3](./01.md) is a prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]). + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Later times ##### +This is another way of referring to the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Timothy 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/01.md b/1ti/05/01.md index 84830ab55b..b00bc6f1b9 100644 --- a/1ti/05/01.md +++ b/1ti/05/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -Paul was giving these commands to one person, Timothy. Languages that have different forms of “you” or different forms for commands would use the singular form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +# Connecting Statement: -## Do not scold an older man ## +Paul continues to tell Timothy how to treat the men, women, widows, and younger women in the church. + +# General Information: + +Paul was giving these commands to one person, Timothy. Languages that have different forms of "you" or different forms for commands would use the singular form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Do not scold an older man "Do not speak harshly to an older man" -## but exhort him as if he were a father ## +# Instead, exhort him -"but encourage him as you would speak to your father" +"Instead, encourage him" -## exhort younger men as if they were brothers ## +# as if he were a father ... as if they were brothers ... as mothers ... as sisters -"encourage younger men as if they were your brothers" or "treat younger men as brothers" +Paul uses these similes to tell Timothy that he should treat fellow believers with sincere love and respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Exhort older women as mothers ## +# younger women -"treat older women as if they were your mothers" or "encourage older women the way you would appeal to your mother" +You can state clearly the understood information. AT: "exhort younger women" or "encourage younger women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## younger women as sisters ## - -"appeal to younger women the way you would appeal to your sisters" or "treat younger women like you would treat your sister" - -## in all purity ## +# in all purity "with pure thoughts and actions" or "in a holy way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/03.md b/1ti/05/03.md index 9821894b8e..c43a08a4d5 100644 --- a/1ti/05/03.md +++ b/1ti/05/03.md @@ -1,39 +1,19 @@ -## Honor ## +# Honor widows -"Respect and provide for" +"Respect and provide for widows" -## widows, the real widows ## +# the real widows -"widows, widows who are in need" or "widows, widows with no one to provide for them" +"widows with no one to provide for them" -## but if a widow ## +# let them first learn -"but when a widow" +"first of all they should learn" or "let them make it a priority to learn" -## child ## +# in their own household -"anyone she regards as her child" or "anyone who calls her mother" +"to their own family" or "to those living in their homes" -## grandchildren ## +# Let them repay their parents -"anyone she regards as her descendant" or "anyone who calls her mother or grandmother" - -## let them first ## - -"first of all they should" or "let them make it a priority to" - -## learn to show honor ## - -"display their piety" or "display their godliness" or "prove their religion" or "learn to practice their duties" - -## in their own household ## - -"to their own family" or "to those living at their homes" - -## and repay their parents ## - -“and to pay back their parents” or “and to give to their parents in return for the good things their parents have given them” - -## because this is pleasing to God ## - -"for God will be pleased when they do these things" or "for this act of honor shown is pleasing to God" \ No newline at end of file +"Let them do good to their parents in return for the good things their parents have given them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/05.md b/1ti/05/05.md index 3cafc60b97..35d4eafe84 100644 --- a/1ti/05/05.md +++ b/1ti/05/05.md @@ -1,31 +1,23 @@ -## But a real widow is left all alone ## +# But a real widow is left all alone "But one who is truly a widow has no family" -## she always waits before him with requests and prayers ## +# She always remains with requests and prayers -"She patiently waits for God with her requests and prayers" +"She continues to make requests and prayers" -## requests and prayers ## +# requests and prayers These two words mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how much these widows pray. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## both night and day ## +# both night and day -AT: "all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +The words "night" and "day" are used together to mean "at all times." AT: "all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## However ## +# is dead -"But" +Paul speaks about people who do not seek to please God as if they were dead. AT: "is like a dead person, she does not respond to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the luxury-loving woman ## - -loving woman **- "the woman who lives only for her own pleasure" - -## dead ## - -This metaphor means that she is not able to respond to God. AT: “like a dead person, she does not respond to God.” (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## alive ## +# is still alive This refers to physical life. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/07.md b/1ti/05/07.md index 9f39cac2fd..231d30a9bc 100644 --- a/1ti/05/07.md +++ b/1ti/05/07.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## And preach these things ## +# Preach these things -"Command these things as well" or "Also, teach these things with authority." Timothy was to obey Paul's words himself and also to command others to obey Paul's words. +"Command these things as well" -## so that they may be beyond reproach ## +# so that they may be without reproach -"so that no one can find fault with them." Possible meanings of they: 1) "these widows and their families" (UDB) or 2) "the church." It might be best to leave the subject as "they." +"so that no one can find fault with them." Possible meanings of "they" are 1) "these widows and their families" or 2) "the believers." It might be best to leave the subject as "they." -## does not provide for his own relatives ## +# does not provide for his own relatives, especially for those of his own household -“does not provide what his relatives need” or “does not help with his relatives' needs” +"does not help with his relatives' needs, especially for those family members living in his home" -## for his own relatives ## +# he has denied the faith -"for all his family members" or "for those living at his home" +"he has acted contrary to the truth we believe" -## for those of his own household ## +# is worse than an unbeliever -"for his family" or "for those family living in his home" - -## he has denied the faith ## - -"he has acted though he has denied the faith" or "he has acted contrary to the truth we believe" or "he has turned his back on his beliefs" - -## … is worse than an unbeliever ## - -"… is worse than those who do not believe Jesus" or "those who do not believe in Jesus are better than …" Even those who do not believe in Jesus take care of their own families; how much more should believers do so! \ No newline at end of file +"is worse than those who do not believe in Jesus." Paul means this person is worse than an unbeliever because even unbelievers take care of their relatives. Therefore, a believer should certainly take care of his relatives. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/09.md b/1ti/05/09.md index d2cc357662..b3c62bec15 100644 --- a/1ti/05/09.md +++ b/1ti/05/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## be enrolled as a widow ## +# be enrolled as a widow -There seems to have been a list, written or not, of widows. The church met these women's needs for shelter, clothing, and food, and the women were expected to devote their lives to serving the church. +There seems to have been a list, written or not, of widows. The church members met these women's needs for shelter, clothing, and food, and these women were expected to devote their lives to serving the Christian community. -## who is not younger in years than sixty ## +# who is not younger than sixty -Widows who were younger than sixty years old might get married again, but the church was to care for widows who were older than sixty. +As Paul will explain in 5:11-16, widows who were younger than 60 years old might get married again. Therefore the Christian community was to care only for widows who were older than 60. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## a wife of one husband ## +# a wife of one husband -"a woman who was faithful to her husband" +Possible meanings are 1) she was always faithful to her husband or 2) she had not divorced her husband then married another man. -## She must be known for good deeds ## +# She must be known for good deeds -The phrases following this are examples of the kinds of good things a woman might be know for doing. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People must be able to attest to her good deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## washed the feet ## +# has been hospitable to strangers -"does common work to help." Washing the dirty feet of people who have been walking in the dirt and mud is a metonym or metaphor for meeting other people's needs and making life more enjoyable for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"has welcomed strangers into her home" -## saints ## +# has washed the feet of the believers -"God's holy people" +Washing the dirty feet of people who have been walking in the dirt and mud is one way of meeting other people's needs and making life more enjoyable for them. This probably means she did humble work in general. AT: "has done common work to help other believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## has followed every good work ## +# believers -"is known for doing good works" \ No newline at end of file +Some versions translate "believers" here as "the saints" or "God's holy people." The essential idea is to refer to Christian believers. + +# has relieved the afflicted + +Here "the afflicted" is a nominal adjective that can be stated as an adjective. AT: "has helped those who are suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# has been devoted to every good work + +"has given herself to doing all kinds of good deeds" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/11.md b/1ti/05/11.md index 1a930bb1b3..06d125b859 100644 --- a/1ti/05/11.md +++ b/1ti/05/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## But as for younger widows, refuse to enroll them in the list ## +# But as for younger widows, refuse to enroll them in the list -"But do not include younger widows in the list." The list was of widows aged sixty years and older whom the church was going to help. +"But do not include younger widows in the list." The list was of widows aged 60 years and older whom the Christian community would help. -## are overcome by bodily desires against Christ ## +# For when they give in to bodily desires against Christ, they want to marry -“are distracted from Christ because of their their sexual desires” or "have sensual desires that make them want to give up spiritual commitment" +"For when they prefer to fulfill their sensual desires and get married, they go against their promise to serve Christ as widows" -## revoke their prior commitment ## +# revoke their first commitment "do not keep their prior commitment" or "do not do what they promised before to do" -## commitment ## +# commitment -The commitment of the widows was their agreement to serve the church for the rest of their lives if the church would supply their needs. +The commitment of the widows was their agreement to serve the Christian community for the rest of their lives if the community would supply the widows' needs. -## gossips ## +# become accustomed to being lazy -These are people who tell some people about other people's private lives. +"get into the habit of doing nothing" -## meddlesome ## +# gossips -"busybodies." These are people who interfere in other people's lives. +These are people who talk about other people's private lives. -## things they should not say ## +# busybodies -"things that are not proper to even mention" \ No newline at end of file +These are people who interfere in other people's lives. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/14.md b/1ti/05/14.md index 1fe490b7db..17b02febd8 100644 --- a/1ti/05/14.md +++ b/1ti/05/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## to accuse us ## +# to manage the household -The word us has been supplied by the translator. The reference could be taken to be to the women, "them." +"to take care of everyone in her house" -## turned aside after Satan ## +# the enemy -"left the path of Christ to follow Satan" +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to Satan or 2) this refers to unbelievers who are hostile to Christians. -## any believing woman ## +# to slander us -“any Christian woman” or "any woman who believes in Christ" +Here "us" refers to the entire Christian community, including Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## has widows ## +# turned aside after Satan + +Paul speaks of living in faithfulness to Christ as if it were a path to be followed. This means the woman stopped obeying Jesus and started obeying Satan. AT: "left the path of Christ to follow Satan" or "decided to obey Satan instead of Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# any believing woman + +"any Christian woman" or "any woman who believes in Christ" + +# has widows "has widows among her relatives" -## real widows ## +# so that the church will not be weighed down + +Paul speaks of the community having to help more people than they are able as if they were carrying too much weight on their backs. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the church will not have more work to do than they can" or "so that the Christian community will not have to help widows whose families could provide for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# real widows "those women who have no one to provide for them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/17.md b/1ti/05/17.md index 423b9722f6..d3565a329d 100644 --- a/1ti/05/17.md +++ b/1ti/05/17.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## Let … be considered worthy ## +# Connecting Statement: -"All of you believers should think of … as worthy." +Paul again talks of how elders (overseers) should be treated and then gives Timothy some personal instructions. -## double honor ## +# Let the elders who rule well be considered worthy -Possible meanings are 1) “both kinds of honor: respect and payment” or 2) “more respect than others receive.” +This can be stated in active form. AT: "All believers should think of the elders who are good leaders as worthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## those who work with the word and in teaching ## +# double honor -"those who preach and teach God's word" +Possible meanings are 1) "respect and payment" or 2) "more respect than others receive" -## muzzle ## +# those who work with the word and in teaching -a sleeve that goes over an animal's snout to prevent it from opening its mouth +Paul speaks about the word as if it is an object which a person can work with. AT: "those who preach and teach God's word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## ox ## +# For the scripture says -a large, strong animal like a cow +This is personification that means that this is what someone has written in the scriptures. AT: "For we read in the scriptures that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## treads the grain ## +# You shall not put a muzzle on an ox while it treads the grain -Walking on or drawing a heavy object over the cut grain to separate the seeds to be eaten from the stalks. The oxen were to be allowed to eat some of the grain as they worked. +Paul is using this quotation as a metaphor meaning that church leaders deserve to receive payment from the Christian community for their work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## is worthy of ## +# muzzle + +a sleeve that goes over an animal's snout and mouth to prevent it from eating while it is doing work (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# treads the grain + +And ox "treads the grain" when it walks on or pulls a heavy object over the cut grain to separate the grain from the stalks. The ox was allowed to eat some of the grain as they worked. + +# is worthy of "deserves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/19.md b/1ti/05/19.md index 1f4802d9fc..96e7ce8d59 100644 --- a/1ti/05/19.md +++ b/1ti/05/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## receive ## +# Do not receive an accusation -"listen to" or "accept" +Paul speaks of accusations as if they were objects that could be physically accepted by people. AT: "Do not accept as true any accusation that someone speaks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## two or three ## +# two or three "at least two" or "two or more" -## Reprove ## +# sinners -"Rebuke" or "Correct" +This refers to anyone doing anything that disobeys or displeases God, even things that other people do not know about. -## sinner ## - -Here this means anything we do that does not obey or please God, even things that other people don't know about. - -## in the sight of all ## +# before all "where everyone can see" -## so that the rest may be afraid ## +# so that the rest may be afraid "so that others will be afraid to sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/21.md b/1ti/05/21.md index dc88db9964..94c4e0c52d 100644 --- a/1ti/05/21.md +++ b/1ti/05/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## you ## +# the chosen angels -Paul is addressing one person, Timothy, so all forms of you and commands should be singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +This means the angels whom God and Jesus have chosen to serve them in a special way. -## bias ## +# to keep these commands without partiality, and to do nothing out of favoritism -"judging beforehand" or "deciding before you have listened to everyone tell their side of the story." Timothy was to listen to the facts and then judge. +The words "partiality" and "favoritism" mean basically the same thing. Paul is emphasizing that Timothy must judge honestly and be fair to everyone. AT: "to keep these rules without being partial or showing favor to anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## out of favoritism ## +# these commands -"leaning toward the people you like" or "on the basis of who your friends are." Timothy was to judge on the basis of the facts, not by who was involved. +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the rules Paul just told Timothy or 2) this refers to the rules Paul is about to tell Timothy. -## Place hands ## +# Place hands -This was a ceremony in which one or more church leaders would literally place their hands on people and pray that God would enable those people to serve the church in a way that would please God. Timothy was to wait until the person had shown good character for a long time before officially setting that person apart to serve the church in this ceremony. +The placing of hands was a ceremony in which one or more church leaders would place their hands on people and pray that God would enable those people to serve the church in a way that would please God. Timothy was to wait until the person had shown good character for a long time before officially setting that person apart to serve the Christian community. -## share in the sins belonging to another person ## +# Do not share in the sins of another person -“Do not join in another person's sin.” Possible meanings are 1) if Timothy chose someone who was guilty of sin to be a church worker, God would hold Timothy responsible for that person's sin, or 2) Timothy should not commit sins he saw others committing. \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of someone's sin as if it were an object that could be shared with others. AT: "do not join in another person's sin" or "do not participate when another person sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not share in the sins of another person + +Possible meanings are 1) if Timothy chose someone who was guilty of sin to be a church worker, God would hold Timothy responsible for that person's sin or 2) Timothy should not commit sins he saw others committing. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/23.md b/1ti/05/23.md index 8dd56808c6..39188a43e0 100644 --- a/1ti/05/23.md +++ b/1ti/05/23.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -25. It may simply be something unrelated that Paul wanted to say before he forgot it. If it is related, it would likely be a way of saying that by "pure" in the previous verse Paul was talking about conduct, not diet.) -(In verse 24, Paul continues what he was saying in verse 22. The "sins of some people" would be the sins likely to be committed by those on whom hands are hastily placed [verse 22].) +# You should no longer drink water -## You should no longer drink water ## +It is implied that Paul means Timothy should not drink only water. He is telling Timothy to use wine as medicine. The water in that area often caused sickness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -or "You should stop being a water-drinker," one who drinks only water (UDB). Paul is not forbidding water. He is suggesting that Timothy use wine as medicine. +# The sins of some people are openly known -## they go before them into judgment ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The sins of some people are very obvious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -“their sins go before those people into judgment.” Possible meanings are 1) Their sins show what the person is like even before it is time for the church to judge whether or not the person should be a leader, or 2) Their sins show what the person is like before it is time for the church to judge whether or not the person is guilty, or 3) Their sins are evident and God judges them now. +# they go before them into judgment -## some follow later ## +"their sins go before those people into judgment." Paul speaks of sins as if they were moving. Possible meanings are 1) Their sins are so obvious that everyone will know they are guilty even before anyone testifies against them or 2) Their sins are evident, and God judges them now. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -“But some sins follow those people later.” Possible meanings are 1) Timothy will not know about some sins until later, or 2) The church will not know about some sins until later, or 3) God will not judge some sins until the final judgment. +# But some sins follow later -## good ## +"But some sins follow people later." Paul speaks of sins as if they were moving. Possible meanings are 1) Timothy and the Christian community will not know about certain sins until later or 2) God will not judge some sins until the final judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Here this means if it fits with God's character, purposes, and will. +# some good works are openly known -## even the others cannot be hidden ## +"some good works are obvious" -"the other good works will be known in the future" \ No newline at end of file +# good works + +The works are considered "good" because they fit with God's character, purposes, and will. + +# but even the others cannot be hidden + +Paul speaks of sins as if they were objects that someone could hide. This can be stated in active form. AT: "but people will later find out about even the good deeds that are not obvious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/05/intro.md b/1ti/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..543f0d6094 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ti/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 1 Timothy 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Honor and respect ##### +Paul encourages younger Christians to show honor and respect towards older Christians. Different cultures show respect to older people in different ways. + +##### Widows ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was important to take care of the widows because they could not provide a living for themselves. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Timothy 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/01.md b/1ti/06/01.md index f8943aa483..3067b972d2 100644 --- a/1ti/06/01.md +++ b/1ti/06/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## under the yoke as slaves ## +# Connecting Statement: -This can be translated as a metaphor that views a slave as an ox or other strong animal with a wooden bar placed over its shoulders so it can pull a plow. If including this metaphor is too difficult, you can omit it. It can also be translated as a metaphor for being a Christian (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul gives some specific instructions to slaves and masters and then continues with instructions on living in a godly way. -## be blasphemed ## +# Let all who are under the yoke as slaves -"those outside the church have bad things to say about God and the message about God" +Paul speaks of people working as slaves as if they are oxen carrying a yoke. AT: "Let all who are working as slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## slaves who have believing masters should not disrespect them, because they are brothers ## +# Let all who are -"because their believing masters are brothers, slaves who have believing masters should not disrespect their masters" +It is implied that Paul is speaking about believers. AT: "Let all who are believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they should serve them ## +# the name of God and the teaching might not be blasphemed -"slaves with believing masters should serve those masters" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active and positive form. AT: "the unbelievers might always speak respectfully about the name of God and the teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# the name of God + +Here "name" refers to God's nature or character. AT: "the character of God" or "God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the teaching + +"the faith" or "the gospel" + +# they are brothers + +Here "brothers" means "fellow believers." + +# For the masters who are helped by their work + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For the masters whom the slaves help with their work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# and are loved + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "and the slaves should love them" or 2) "whom God loves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/03.md b/1ti/06/03.md index 455ba9a3d7..c92e56a118 100644 --- a/1ti/06/03.md +++ b/1ti/06/03.md @@ -1,39 +1,43 @@ -## If someone teaches ## +# he is proud ... He has an unhealthy interest -"Anyone who teaches" or "Those who teach." Paul assumes that people are in fact teaching differently; this is not a hypothetical case. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +Here "he" refers to anyone in general that teaches what is not correct. To make this clear, you can translate "he" as "they" as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## someone … he … he ## +# understands nothing -The UDB uses the plural "some people … such people … they" to say that the "someone" who "teaches" could be male or female, one person or many people. Use the form in your language that allows for this range of meaning. +"understands nothing about God's truth" -## he is sick with arguments ## +# He has an unhealthy interest in controversies and arguments -"all he wants to do is argue" or "they crave arguments." Such people greatly desire the act of arguing itself, and do not really want to find a way to agree. +Paul speaks of people who feel compelled to engage in useless arguments as if they were ill. Such people greatly desire to argue, and they do not really want to find a way to agree. AT: "all he wants to do is argue" or "he craves arguments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## word fights ## +# controversies and arguments about words that result in envy -"arguments over what words mean" or "words that cause fights" or "words meant to hurt others" +"controversies and arguments about words, and these controversies and arguments result in envy" -## envy ## +# about words + +"about the meaning of words" + +# envy "the desire to have what others have" -## strife ## +# strife "arguments between believers" -## insults ## +# insults "people falsely saying bad things about each other" -## evil suspicions ## +# evil suspicions -Saying that anyone who disagrees with them is trying to do evil. +"people feeling like others want to do evil to them" -## contentions ## +# depraved minds -"quarrels that last a long time" +"wicked minds" -## decayed minds ## +# They have lost the truth -"minds that have been destroyed by bad thoughts" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "They" refers to anyone who teaches anything that does not agree with the teaching of Jesus. The phrase "have lost the truth" represents ignoring it or forgetting it. AT: "They have ignored the truth" or "They have forgotten the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/06.md b/1ti/06/06.md index 59930d75ba..6a741579b2 100644 --- a/1ti/06/06.md +++ b/1ti/06/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## is great gain ## +# Now + +This marks a break in the teaching. Here Paul begins to contrast the kind of riches the wicked people seek through godliness ([1 Timothy 6:5](./03.md)) and the true kind of gain people receive through godliness. AT: "Of course" + +# godliness with contentment is great gain + +The words "godliness" and "contentment" are abstract nouns. AT: "it is great gain for a person to do what is godly and to be content with what they have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# is great gain "provides great benefits" or "does many good things for us" -## brought nothing into the world ## +# brought nothing into the world "brought nothing into the world when we were born" -## neither are we able to take out anything ## +# Neither are we able to take out anything -"and we can take nothing out of the world when we die" +"And we can take nothing out of the world when we die" -## let us ## +# let us "we should" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/09.md b/1ti/06/09.md index 6643c60da7..279a4c39ed 100644 --- a/1ti/06/09.md +++ b/1ti/06/09.md @@ -1,35 +1,31 @@ -## fall into ## +# Now -This is a metaphor for losing control of one's life or mental processes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This word marks a break in the teaching. Here Paul returns to the topic about those who think being godly will make them wealthy (See: [1 Timothy 6:5](./03.md)). -## fall into temptation ## +# to become wealthy fall into temptation, into a trap -"face more temptation than they can resist" +Paul speaks about those who let the temptation of money cause them to sin as if they are animals that have fallen into a hole that a hunter has used as a trap. AT: "to become wealthy will encounter more temptation than they can resist, and they will be like an animal in a trap (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## fall … into a trap ## +# They fall into many foolish and harmful passions -"become caught in a trap." This is a metaphor for being unable to act for one's own benefit and being helpless against those who would do one harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This continues the trap metaphor. This means that their foolish and harmful passions will overcome them. AT: "And as an animal falls into a hunter's trap, they will fall into many foolish and harmful passions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## fall … into many foolish and harmful passions ## +# into whatever else makes people sink into ruin and destruction -"be controlled by the desire to do foolish and harmful things" +Paul speaks about those that let sin destroy them as if they are a boat that sinks under the water. AT: "into other kinds of evil that ruin and destroy people as if they were a boat sinking under the water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## makes people sink ## +# For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil -"pulls people down into" +Paul speaks of the cause of evil as if it were a plant root. AT: "This happens because loving money is a cause of all kinds of evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil ## - -"because loving money is a cause of all kinds of evil" - -## impaled themselves with … grief ## - -This metaphor compares grief to a knife or spear a person uses to stab himself all the way thorough his body. - -## who desire it ## +# who desire it "who desire money" -## have wandered away from the faith ## +# have been mislead away from the faith -"have left the path of truth" or "have stopped believing the truth" \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of wrong desires as if they were evil guides who intentionally guide people down the wrong path. This can be stated in active form. AT: "have let their desires lead them away from the truth" or "have stopped believing the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# have pierced themselves with much grief + +Paul speaks about grief as if it were a sword that a person uses to stab themselves. AT: "have caused themselves to be very sorrowful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/11.md b/1ti/06/11.md index d2016c07cf..7f27c4688a 100644 --- a/1ti/06/11.md +++ b/1ti/06/11.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## man of God ## +# But you + +Here "you" is singular and refers to Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# man of God "servant of God" or "person who belongs to God" -## flee from these things ## +# flee from these things -"treat these things like creatures who want to harm you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]].) Possible meanings of these things: 1) the "love of money" (UDB); 2) the different teachings, pride, and arguments in verses [1 Timothy 6:3](./03.md) and the "love of money." +Paul speaks of these temptations and sins as if they were things that a person could physically run away from. AT: "completely avoid these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Pursue ## +# these things -"Run after" or "Chase" or "Do your best to act in" +Possible meanings of "these things" are 1) the "love of money" or 2) the different teachings, pride, arguments, and the love of money. -## Fight the good fight …. Take hold of … life" ## +# Pursue righteousness -Some understand this passage as a metaphor of a sports competition in which the winner of the fight can take hold of a prize. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Run after" or "Chase." Paul speaks of righteousness and other good qualities as if they were things that a person could run after. This metaphor is the opposite of "flee from." It means to try your best to obtain something. AT: "Seek to gain" or "Do your best to act in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Take hold of … life ## +# Fight the good fight of faith -Some understand this metaphor as another way of saying fight the good fight: "Do everything you can to gain … life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here Paul speaks about a person continuing in faith as if they are an athlete fighting to win a contest or a warrior fighting a battle. AT: "Try your hardest to obey Christ's teachings with as much energy as an athlete uses in a contest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## gave witness ## +# Take hold of the everlasting life -"gave testimony" or "testified" +This continues the metaphor. Paul speaks about a person receiving eternal life as if they are a victorious athlete or warrior taking their prize. AT: "Take eternal life as your reward as a victorious athlete takes his prize" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## before ## +# to which you were called -"in the presence of" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to which God has called you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## as to what is good ## +# you gave the good confession -"about what you believe" \ No newline at end of file +"you confessed what is good" or "you confessed the truth" + +# before many witnesses + +Paul expresses the idea of location in order to signal the idea of the people to whom Timothy was speaking. AT: "to many witnesses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/13.md b/1ti/06/13.md index 039c68cc32..f2ddf835d6 100644 --- a/1ti/06/13.md +++ b/1ti/06/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## above reproach ## +# Connecting Statement: -Possible meanings are 1) God will not find fault with Timothy (see UDB) or 2) other people cannot find fault with Timothy. +Paul talks of Christ's coming, gives specific instructions to the rich, and lastly closes with a special message to Timothy. -## the appearance of our Lord Jesus Christ ## +# I give you this command -"until our Lord Jesus Christ comes again" +"This is what I command you" -## before God ## +# before God, who causes all things to live -"in the presence of God" or "with God as a witness" +"in the presence of God, who causes all things to live." It is implied that Paul as asking God to be his witness. AT: "with God, who causes all things to live, as my witness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## before Christ ## +# before Christ Jesus, who spoke ... Pilate -"in the presence of Christ" or "with Christ as a witness" +"in the presence of Christ Jesus, who spoke ... Pilate." It is implied that Paul as asking Jesus to be his witness. AT: "with Christ Jesus, who spoke ... Pilate, as my witness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## before Pontius Pilate ## +# without reproach -"when standing in the presence of Pontius Pilate" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Jesus will not find fault with Timothy or 2) other people cannot find fault with Timothy. + +# until the appearance of our Lord Jesus Christ + +"until our Lord Jesus Christ comes again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/15.md b/1ti/06/15.md index d8451a0ab5..b06a811451 100644 --- a/1ti/06/15.md +++ b/1ti/06/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## at the right time ## +# God will reveal his appearing -"at the proper time" (UDB) +It is implied that God will reveal Jesus. AT: "God will reveal Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## fixed by ## +# at the right time -"set by" or "chosen by" +"at the proper time" -## the Blessed One ## +# the Blessed One -"the One who has all blessings in himself" or "God who gives all blessings." This refers to God the Father, who causes Jesus to be revealed. \ No newline at end of file +"the One worthy of praise." This refers to God the Father. + +# Only he has immortality + +"Only he has the power to live forever" + +# dwells in inapproachable light + +"dwells in a light so bright that no one can approach him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/17.md b/1ti/06/17.md index ad9d8ac222..87dbbc736a 100644 --- a/1ti/06/17.md +++ b/1ti/06/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## riches that are uncertain ## +# Tell the rich -"the many things that they own that they may lose." The reference here is to physical objects. +Here "rich" is a nominal adjective. It can be stated as an adjective. AT: "Tell those who are rich" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## true riches ## +# in riches, which are uncertain -"things that will make us truly happy." The reference here may include physical objects, but it more likely refers to states like love, joy, and peace that people try to obtain by means of physical objects. +"in the many things that they own that they may lose." The reference here is to physical objects. -## be rich in good works ## +# all the true riches -"look for opportunities to do good works the way you would look for physical wealth" or "enjoy doing good works the way you enjoy physical wealth" +"all the things that will make us truly happy." The reference here may include physical objects, but it more likely refers to states like love, joy, and peace that people try to obtain by means of physical objects. -## foundation ## +# be rich in good works -The first part of a house to be built. This is a metaphor for the first of the "true riches" and the beginning of the "real life" God will give his people in eternity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of spiritual blessings as if they were earthly wealth. AT: "serve and help others in many ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## take hold of real life ## +# they will store up for themselves a good foundation for what is to come -This recalls the sports metaphor of [1 Timothy 6:11](./11.md), where the prize is something that the winner can actually hold in his hands. Here the "prize" is real life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Paul speaks about God's blessings that he gives in heaven as if they are riches that a person is storing away for later use. And, the certainty of these blessings that people will never lose is spoke of as if they were the foundation of a building. AT: "it will be as though they were storing up for themselves many things that God will give them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# take hold of real life + +This recalls the sports metaphor of [1 Timothy 6:12](./11.md), where the prize is something that the winner can actually hold in his hands. Here the "prize" is "real" life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/20.md b/1ti/06/20.md index d17fa4da3e..07a81363d2 100644 --- a/1ti/06/20.md +++ b/1ti/06/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Avoid … contradicting arguments ## +# protect what was given to you -"stay away from people who argue against what you say" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "faithfully proclaim the true message that Jesus has given to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## May grace be with you all ## +# Avoid the foolish talk -"I ask that may he show kindness to all of you there" or "May he show favor to all of you there \ No newline at end of file +"Do not pay attention to the foolish talk" + +# of what is falsely called knowledge + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "of what some people falsely call knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they have missed the faith + +Paul speaks of faith in Christ as if it were a target at which to aim. AT: "they have not understood or believed the true faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# May grace be with you + +"May God give grace to all of you." The "you" is plural and refers to the whole Christian community. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/06/intro.md b/1ti/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..729a711616 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ti/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 1 Timothy 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Slavery ##### + +This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. Paul's teaching on slavery would have been rather radical at this time because masters were not expected to treat their slaves in such a pleasant way. Overall, Paul's focus is on living in a way that pleases God despite the circumstances of one's life. + +## Links: ## + +* __[1 Timothy 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/front/intro.md b/1ti/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f22066ed22 --- /dev/null +++ b/1ti/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +# Introduction to 1 Timothy # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 1 Timothy #### + +1. Greetings (1:1,2) +1. Paul and Timothy + - Warning about false teaching (1:3-11) + - Paul thankful for what Christ has done in his ministry (1:12-17) + - He calls Timothy to fight in this spiritual battle (1:18-20) +1. Prayer for all (2:1-8) +1. Roles and responsibilities in the church (2:9-6:2) +1. Warnings + - Second warning about false teachers (cp. 1:3-11 and 6:3-5) + - Money (6:6-10) +1. Description of a man of God (6:11-16) +1. Note to the wealthy (6:17-19) +1. Closing admonition to Timothy and blessing (6:20,21) + +#### What is the Book of 1 Timothy about? #### + +Paul, an older servant of God, gives his younger colleague, Timothy, various instructions in this letter. The topics he addresses include church worship, qualifications for church leaders, and warnings against false teachers. This letter shows how Paul was training Timothy to be a leader among the churches. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "1 Timothy" or "First Timothy." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's First Letter to Timothy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of 1 Timothy? #### + +This book is the first letter Paul wrote to his disciple and close friend Timothy, probably near the end of his life. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is discipleship? #### + +The term disciple refers to a person who spends time with a teacher, learning from that teacher's character and teaching. Discipleship is the process of making disciples of Christ. This letter gives many instructions about how a leader should train a less mature Christian. The goal of discipleship is to encourage other Christians to grow in likeness to Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +##### Singular and plural "you" ##### +In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. Also, the word "you" is almost always singular and refers to Timothy. The exception to this is 6:21. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +Paul means to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major textual issues in the text of the Book of 1 Timothy? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of 1 Timothy: + +* "Withdraw from such things." (6:5) Some older versions have this reading, but the ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions do not. The best ancient copies do not have this phrase. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/01/01.md b/2ch/01/01.md index 2022114558..e869e6fd3c 100644 --- a/2ch/01/01.md +++ b/2ch/01/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## strengthened in his rule ## +# was strengthened in his rule -AT: "Solomon exercised great power over Israel" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "gained complete control over his kingdom" or "ruled powerfully over his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## God was with him ## +# Yahweh -AT: "God supported him" or "God helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# God was with him + +Here "was with him" is an idiom. AT: "God supported him" or "God helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/01/02.md b/2ch/01/02.md index 47811976b9..19344df4ce 100644 --- a/2ch/01/02.md +++ b/2ch/01/02.md @@ -1,11 +1,39 @@ -## Kiriath Jearim ## +# General Information: -A little town about 9 miles west of Jersulem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +It may be helpful to reorder the events in these verses as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -## pitched a tent ## +# spoke to all Israel, to the commanders ... heads of the fathers' house -AT: "set up a tent" +Here "all of Israel" means those people mentioned afterwards. They represent all of Israel. AT: "spoke to the commanders ... heads of the father's house" -## Bezalel the son of Uri, the son of Hur ## +# the commanders of thousands and of hundreds -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to every prince in all Israel, the heads of the fathers' houses + +Here "the heads of the fathers' houses" further describe the princes. AT: "to every prince in all Israel, that is, the heads of the fathers' houses" + +# to every prince + +Here "prince" means leaders in general. They are not necessarily the sons of the king. AT: "to every leader" + +# the heads of the fathers' houses + +Here "heads" is a metaphor for the most important part. And "houses" represents families. AT: "the leaders of the families in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Kiriath Jearim + +A little town about 9 miles west of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# pitched a tent + +"set up a tent" + +# the bronze altar made by Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the bronze altar that Bezalel son of Uri son Hur made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/01/06.md b/2ch/01/06.md index f25d52b6a5..a72af02ee4 100644 --- a/2ch/01/06.md +++ b/2ch/01/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## up there to the bronze altar ## +# went up there -Solomon went to Gibeon where the altar was at the tent of meeting. \ No newline at end of file +"went up to the high place at Gibeon" + +# one thousand + +"1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Ask! What should I give you? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Ask for whatever you want from me." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/01/08.md b/2ch/01/08.md index 265e3695e6..d033206796 100644 --- a/2ch/01/08.md +++ b/2ch/01/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## carried out ## +# You have shown great covenant faithfulness to David -AT: "done" or "brought to completion" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." AT: "You have greatly and faithfully loved David" or "You have been very faithful to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## a people like the dust of the earth for their numbers ## +# Now -AT: "countless people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here the word "Now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## who can judge your people, who are so many in number? ## +# let your promise to David my father be carried out -AT: "no one can judge all of your countless people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "please do what you promised to David my father that you would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a people as numerous as the dust of the earth + +This simile emphasizes the great number of Israelites. AT: "countless people" or "very many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# give me wisdom and knowledge + +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "wisdom" and "knowledge." AT: "cause me to be wise and to know many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# who can judge your people, who are so many in number? + +Here "judge" means to govern or rule. Solomon uses a question to state that it is impossible to rule over so many people without God's help. AT: "no one can judge all of your countless people without your help." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Because this was in your heart + +Here "heart" represents desire. AT: "Because this was your desire" or "Because this is what you wanted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# nor for the life of those who hate you + +"nor to be able to defeat those who hate you" or "nor to be able to kill your enemies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/01/12.md b/2ch/01/12.md index fd2e22ee98..720a7cdb49 100644 --- a/2ch/01/12.md +++ b/2ch/01/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## from before the tent of meeting ## +# I will now give you wisdom and knowledge -AT: "in front of the tabernacle". \ No newline at end of file +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "wisdom" and "knowledge." AT: "I will now cause you to be wise and to know many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# So Solomon came to Jerusalem + +Here "Solomon" represents all the people with him. Also "came" can be stated as "went." AT: "So Solomon and the people with him went to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# from before the tent of meeting + +"from the tent of meeting" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/01/14.md b/2ch/01/14.md index a46dcfcc29..d4eb28b43f 100644 --- a/2ch/01/14.md +++ b/2ch/01/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## in the chariot cities ## +# 1,400 chariots + +"one thousand four hundred chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# twelve thousand horsemen + +"12,000 horsemen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in the chariot cities This is a reference to cities which stored his chariots. -## silver and gold to be as common in Jerusalem as stone ## +# The king made silver and gold as common in Jerusalem as the stones -AT: "rare and valuable metals to be abundant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The narrator uses exaggeration to emphasize the great amount of silver that was in Jerusalem. AT: "The king had so much silver in Jerusalem, it was like there was as much silver as there was stones on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## cedar wood as common as the sycamore trees that are in the lowlands ## +# the sycamore trees -AT: "rare and valuable imported wood to be abundant" \ No newline at end of file +This is a tree that grows fruit that looks like figs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/01/16.md b/2ch/01/16.md index 79a78e7f6d..37a5139839 100644 --- a/2ch/01/16.md +++ b/2ch/01/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## importation ## +# As for the importation of horses from Egypt and Kue for Solomon -AT: "brought in goods from outside the country" +"Importation" is the act of bringing something into one country from another country. This can be stated as a verb. AT: "As for the horses Solomon imported from Egypt and Kue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Kue ## +# Kue -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a region. Some think that Kue was the same as Cilicia, in Asia Minor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## at a price ## +# at a price -AT: "at a set price" or "for money" +"at a set price" or "for money" -## shekel ## +# six hundred shekels of silver ... 150 shekels -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 6.6 kilograms of silver ... about 1.7 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## exported them ## +# six hundred -They sold goods produced in Israel to other countries. \ No newline at end of file +"600" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 150 + +"one hundred and fifty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# exported + +to send something out of one country into another \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/01/intro.md b/2ch/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f0c2dcbeb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a section about King Solomon's reign (2 Chronicles 1-9). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wisdom ##### +Solomon asks God for wisdom to rule God's people. God is pleased with this request because it is used to serve others. Therefore, God also gives Solomon tremendous wealth and a long life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[2 Chronicles intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/01.md b/2ch/02/01.md index f3259b9bbc..633d152d63 100644 --- a/2ch/02/01.md +++ b/2ch/02/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## Hiram ## +# Now -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This marks a new part of the story. + +# commanded the building of a house for Yahweh's name + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person. AT: "commanded his people to build a house where Yahweh may live" or "commanded his people to build a house where they could worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of a palace for his kingdom + +"of a royal palace for his kingdom" or "of a palace for himself" + +# seventy thousand men ... eighty thousand men + +"70,000 men ... 80,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to carry loads + +It is understood that these are loads of materials for building Yahweh's house. AT: "to carry loads of materials" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# 3,600 + +"three thousand six hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Hiram + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/04.md b/2ch/02/04.md index e9c9068bb7..c9d2b69f61 100644 --- a/2ch/02/04.md +++ b/2ch/02/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## the constant bread of the presence ## +# I am about to build a house for the name of Yahweh my God -This is a reference to the 12 loaves of bread that were always placed in front of the altar. +Here "name" represents the person. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 2:1](./01.md). AT: "I am about to build a house where Yahweh my God may live" or "I am about to build a house where people may worship Yahweh my God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## new moons ## +# I am about to build + +Solomon would command his people to build the house. AT: "I am about to command my people to build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the bread of the presence + +This is a reference to the 12 loaves of bread that were placed in front of the altar. + +# new moons This was the time of a festival coinciding with the movement of the moon. -## morning and evening, on the Sabbaths, on the new moons, and on the fixed festivals ## +# This is forever, for Israel -AT: "at all times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here "This" refers back to all the ways the people will worship Yahweh at his temple. AT: "These are the things Yahweh has commanded Israel to do forever" -## God is greater ## +# God is greater -This is a reference to God being more important not larger than other gods. \ No newline at end of file +This is a reference to God being more important and more powerful than other gods, not to being larger than other gods. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/06.md b/2ch/02/06.md index 06ae308559..d2ab5f8658 100644 --- a/2ch/02/06.md +++ b/2ch/02/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## who is able to build God a house, since the entire universe and even heaven itself cannot contain him? Who am I to build him a house, except to burn sacrifices before him? ## +# who is able to build God a house, since the entire universe and even heaven itself cannot contain him? Who am I to build him a house, except to burn sacrifices before him? -AT: "no one is able to build a house for God because the nothing can contain him. I am no one! Only a person who can offer sacrifices to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## the entire universe and even heaven ## - -AT: "all of creation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Solomon uses a question to emphasize that no one is able or worthy to build a house for God. AT: "no one is able to build a house for God because not even the universe or heaven is big enough to contain him. I am not worthy to build a house for him, except as a place to offer sacrifices to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/08.md b/2ch/02/08.md index 628b99a2ee..b79f1615d5 100644 --- a/2ch/02/08.md +++ b/2ch/02/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## fir trees ## +# Connecting Statement: -This is possibly a type of tree called cypress or pine. It would have been used in building. +This continues Solomon's message to Hiram, the king of Tyre. -## algum trees ## +# cedar, cypress, and algum trees -This was a type of tree likely used for making musical instruments or carving. +These are different types of tress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## cors ## +# twenty thousand cors -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +A cor is 220 liters. Twenty thousand cors equals 4,400 kiloliters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## baths ## +# twenty thousand -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +"20,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# ground wheat + +"wheat flour" + +# twenty thousand baths + +A bath is 22 liters. Twenty thousand baths equals 440 kiloliters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/11.md b/2ch/02/11.md index 1fb0a06e04..c529f34654 100644 --- a/2ch/02/11.md +++ b/2ch/02/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## gifted with prudence ## +# gifted with prudence and understanding -AT: "given a gift of discretion" - -## a house for his kingdom ## - -AT: "a palace for himself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "prudence" and "understanding." AT: "who is very intelligent and understands many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/13.md b/2ch/02/13.md index ac71eb7515..3b28896a9b 100644 --- a/2ch/02/13.md +++ b/2ch/02/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Huramabi ## +# gifted with understanding -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "understanding" can be stated as "understands" or "wise." AT: "who understand many things" or "who is very wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Huram-Abi + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He is skilled at work in gold ... crimson wool + +Translate many of these words as you did in [2 Chronicles 2:7](./06.md). + +# fine linen + +"high quality cloth" or "the best cloth" + +# He is the son of a woman of the daughters of Dan + +"His mother is from the tribe of Dan" or "His mother is a descendant of Dan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/15.md b/2ch/02/15.md index a4fc66ad40..abae77fceb 100644 --- a/2ch/02/15.md +++ b/2ch/02/15.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +This continues the message from Hiram, king of Tyre, to Solomon. + +# of which my master has spoken, let him send these things to his servants + +Hiram refers to Solomon as "my master" and to himself and his own people as "his servants." This is a way of showing respect. AT: "of which you, my master, have spoken, please send these things to us, your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# you will carry it up to Jerusalem + +Here "you" refers to Solomon. The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "you will command your people to take the wood to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/17.md b/2ch/02/17.md index ab52773319..03f6a92ed0 100644 --- a/2ch/02/17.md +++ b/2ch/02/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## to carry loads ## +# Solomon counted -AT: "to carry heavy logs" \ No newline at end of file +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon had his servants count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They were found to be 153,600 + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "There were 153,600 foreigners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 153,600 + +"one hundred and fifty-three thousand six hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seventy thousand ... eighty thousand + +"70,000 men ... 80,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to carry loads + +It is understood that these are loads of materials for building Yahweh's house. AT: "to carry loads of materials" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# 3,600 + +"three thousand six hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/02/intro.md b/2ch/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a0c2f88896 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Solomon's reign continues in this chapter. This chapter also begins a section on building the temple. (2 Chronicles 2-4 and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### House of God ##### +The temple is repeatedly referred to as the "house of God" because Yahweh will dwell in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/03/01.md b/2ch/03/01.md index d1181fc803..639ba5be64 100644 --- a/2ch/03/01.md +++ b/2ch/03/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Mount Moriah ## +# Then Solomon began to build ... He prepared ... He began ... that Solomon laid -This is the place where Abraham offered his son, Isaac, to God. +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Then Solomon's workers began to build ... They prepared ... They began ... that Solomon's workers laid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Ornan the Jebusite ## +# Mount Moriah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the second day of the second month ## +# Ornan the Jebusite -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeday]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]]) +"Ornan" is the name of a man. "Jebusite" is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## cubit ## +# the second day of the second month -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. The second day is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## second day of the second month ## +# in the fourth year -This could have been the 17th day of April. \ No newline at end of file +"in the 4th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator begins to explain the dimensions and the design of the temple. + +# sixty cubits ... twenty cubits + +"60 cubits ... 20 cubits." A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "27.6 meters long ... 9.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/03/04.md b/2ch/03/04.md index e9c5c35e10..4016ba8af8 100644 --- a/2ch/03/04.md +++ b/2ch/03/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## portico ## +# portico -AT: "porch" +an area of a building made of columns and a roof that leads to and connects with the building's entrance door. This portico was probably attached to the front part of the wall that surrounded the temple. -## cubit ## +# twenty cubits -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "9.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## He fashioned ## +# Solomon overlaid ... He fashioned ... which he carved -AT: "He made" +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers overlaid ... They fashioned ... which they carved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the main hall ## +# the main hall -This is a reference to a large room, not a hallway. - -## pine ## - -This is a type of tree. \ No newline at end of file +This is a reference to a large room, not a hallway. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/03/06.md b/2ch/03/06.md index 40d9274fd1..43ce39c8b6 100644 --- a/2ch/03/06.md +++ b/2ch/03/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## precious stones ## +# He decorated ... He also overlaid ... he carved -Stones that were beautiful, hightly valued, and used for decorations. +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers decorated ... They also overlaid ... they carved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Parvaim ## +# precious stones -A general term for the east. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Stones that were beautiful, highly valued, and used for decorations. + +# Parvaim + +This is probably the name of a region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# beams + +A beam is a long heavy piece of wood used to support a building. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/03/08.md b/2ch/03/08.md index d69e19011f..c3983698e8 100644 --- a/2ch/03/08.md +++ b/2ch/03/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## cubit ## +# He built ... He overlaid -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers built ... They overlaid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Talent ## +# twenty cubits -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "9.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## shekel ## +# six hundred talents -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file +"600 talents." A talent is 33 kilograms. AT: "about 20 metric tons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# fifty shekels + +"50 shekels." A shekel is 11 grams. AT: ".55 kilograms" or "about a half a kilogram"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/03/10.md b/2ch/03/10.md index a4fc66ad40..0758ce3691 100644 --- a/2ch/03/10.md +++ b/2ch/03/10.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# He made + +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# twenty cubits ... five cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "9.2 meters ... 2.3 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/03/13.md b/2ch/03/13.md index 66e479e2f9..f0b8cbe735 100644 --- a/2ch/03/13.md +++ b/2ch/03/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## fine linen ## +# twenty cubits -AT: "high quality cloth" or "good cloth" \ No newline at end of file +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "9.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# He made ... he fashioned + +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers made ... they fashioned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# blue, purple, and crimson wool + +Translate these words as you did in [2 Chronicles 2:7](../02/06.md). + +# fine linen + +"high quality cloth" or "the best cloth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/03/15.md b/2ch/03/15.md index 5baba36df5..235b20ec8d 100644 --- a/2ch/03/15.md +++ b/2ch/03/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## pomegranates ## +# Solomon also made ... He made ... he also made ... He set up -These fruits were a symbol of plenty and abundance. +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers also made ... They made ... they also made ... They set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Jakin ## +# thirty-five cubits ... five cubits -Possibly a name to describe God as "The One who establishes". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"35 cubits ... 5 cubits." A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "16.1 meters ... 2.3 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## Boaz ## +# the capitals -This name means "in strength" and here is possibly used to describe God because it means, "In Him is strength". \ No newline at end of file +decorations on top of the pillars + +# one hundred pomegranates + +"100 pomegranates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# on the right hand ... on the left + +"on the right side ... on the left side" or "on the south side ... on the north side" + +# he named + +"Solomon named" + +# Jakin + +Possibly a name to describe God as "The One who establishes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Boaz + +This name means "in strength" and is possibly used here to describe God because it means, "In Him is strength." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/03/intro.md b/2ch/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..72e5451dd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Solomon and the building of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Location of the temple ##### +The location of the temple was very significant. Many important events in history occurred at this location. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/01.md b/2ch/04/01.md index 311e5cdd89..970089c36d 100644 --- a/2ch/04/01.md +++ b/2ch/04/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## cubit ## +# he made -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +Here "he" refers to Solomon. The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the round sea of cast metal ## +# twenty cubits ... ten cubits ... five cubits ... thirty cubits ... each cubit -This is a very large metal tank. +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "9.2 meters ... 4.6 meters ... 2.3 meters ... 13.8 meters ... every 46 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## brim ## +# the round sea -This is the top edge of the container. +This refers to a tank or basin that would hold water. -## circumference ## +# cast metal -This is the distance around the outside of a circle. +This is metal that was melted then formed in a mold. -## ten to each cubit ## +# from brim to brim -AT: "ten per cubit" \ No newline at end of file +"from one edge to the other" + +# in circumference + +Circumference is the distance or measurement around a circular object or area. + +# ten to each cubit + +"ten per cubit" + +# when the sea itself was cast + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the workers cast the sea itself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/04.md b/2ch/04/04.md index ef11d1aebd..6eed983215 100644 --- a/2ch/04/04.md +++ b/2ch/04/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## hindquarters ## +# The Sea -This is the back quarter of the body of an animal with four feet +This refers to the tank or basin that held water for sacrifices. -## hand ## +# was set upon twelve oxen -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +"was on top of twelve oxen" -## its brim was forged like the brim of a cup, like a lily blossom ## +# twelve oxen -AT: The brim had a soft, curved edge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +These are images of oxen made of bronze. AT: "twelve large figures of bulls" or "twelve bronze oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## baths ## +# "The Sea" was set on top of them -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Solomon's workers set 'The Sea' on top of the oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# hindquarters + +This is the back quarter of the body of an animal with four feet. + +# thick as the width of a hand + +This is about 8 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# its brim was forged like the brim of a cup, like a lily blossom + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Solomon's workers forged the brim to look like the brim of a cup, to curve outward like a lily" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# three thousand baths + +"3,000 baths." A bath is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. AT: "66 kiloliters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# He made ... he put + +Here "he" refers to Solomon. The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers made ... they put" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# items used in performing the burnt offering were to be washed in them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people were to wash the items used in performing the burnt offering in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/07.md b/2ch/04/07.md index bfd61b4327..8fdc16e6bf 100644 --- a/2ch/04/07.md +++ b/2ch/04/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## basins ## +# He made ... he placed ... He made ... He made -This is a shallow bowl used for washing. \ No newline at end of file +Here "he" refers to Solomon. The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers made ... they placed ... They made ... They made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that were made from the instructions for their design + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "according to the instructions for their design" or "according to how Solomon instructed his workers to design them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on the right hand ... on the left + +"on the right side ... on the left side" or "on the south side ... on the north side" + +# one hundred basins + +"100 basins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# basins + +shallow bowls used for washing \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/09.md b/2ch/04/09.md index a4fc66ad40..31df92387f 100644 --- a/2ch/04/09.md +++ b/2ch/04/09.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# he made ... he overlaid ... He placed + +Here "he" refers to Solomon. The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers made ... they overlaid ... They placed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the great court + +"the large court" + +# on the east side of the temple, facing toward the south + +"next to the southeast corner of the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/11.md b/2ch/04/11.md index 27fcf27606..2e80cba0bf 100644 --- a/2ch/04/11.md +++ b/2ch/04/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Hiram ## +# Huram -(See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated this name in [2 Chronicles 2:13](../02/13.md). -## the sprinkling bowls ## +# the sprinkling bowls -bowls that were used in the house of God for sprinkling the altar +bowls that held blood that was used in the house of God for sprinkling the altar -## bowl like capitals ## +# Huram finished the work that he did ... He had -The upper part of a pillar is called a capital. AT : "bowl shaped tops" or "bowl shaped upper parts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here Huram represents all who worked on the temple. AT: "Huram and the other workers finished the work that they did ... They had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## decorative latticework ## +# bowl-like capitals -This refers to the decorative carving or markings on the upper part of the pillars. \ No newline at end of file +The upper part of a pillar is called a capital. See how you translated "capital" in [2 Chronicles 3:15](../03/15.md). AT: "bowl-shaped tops" or "bowl-shaped upper parts" + +# decorative latticework + +This refers to the decorative carving or markings on the upper part of the pillars. AT: "carvings that resembled chains" + +# the four hundred pomegranates + +"the 400 pomegranates." Translate "pomegranates" as you did in [2 Chronicles 3:16](../03/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/14.md b/2ch/04/14.md index 682361f526..4db24022cb 100644 --- a/2ch/04/14.md +++ b/2ch/04/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the basins ## +# He also made ... Huram-Abi made -AT: "the bowls" +Here Huram, who is also called Huram-Abi, represents all those who worked with him. AT: "They also made ... Huram-Abi and his craftsmen made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## one sea ## +# the basins -This is a large decorative washing container. +"the bowls" -## other implements ## +# one sea and the twelve bulls -other tools or objects used for the altar +This is a large decorative washing container. Translate "sea" and "bulls" as you did in [2 Chronicles 4:2-3](./01.md). -## Huramabi ## +# other implements -An alternative name for Huram/Hiram (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"other tools" or "other objects used for the altar" + +# polished bronze + +Bronze that the workmen polished so that it would reflect light. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/17.md b/2ch/04/17.md index 54d9618b19..4532bb2012 100644 --- a/2ch/04/17.md +++ b/2ch/04/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Zarethan ## +# The king had cast them ... Solomon made -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "The king commanded his workers to cast them ... Solomon's workers made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Thus Solomon made all these vessels ## +# Zarethan -Solomon did not personally make the vessels, but he commanded them to be made. +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the weight of the bronze could not be known ## +# the weight of the bronze could not be known -AT: "the amount of bronze was very great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) there was so much bronze no one tried to weigh it. AT: "no one even tried to weigh the bronze" or 2) this is a hyperbole that emphasizes the great amount of bronze. AT: "no one could even determine how much all the bronze weighed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/19.md b/2ch/04/19.md index 3f8b0a074e..ab25fc2dcc 100644 --- a/2ch/04/19.md +++ b/2ch/04/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## Solomon made ## +# Solomon made -Solomon's workers made things at his command. +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Solomon's workers made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## all the furnishings ## +# all the furnishings -all of the bowls and tools that were used in the house of God. +This refers to all of the bowls and tools that were used in the house of God. -## the bread of the presence ## +# the tables on which the bread of the presence was to be placed -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 2:4](../02/04.md) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the tables on which the priests were to place the bread of the presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the bread of the presence + +This is a reference to the 12 loaves of bread that were placed in front of the altar. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 2:4](../02/04.md). + +# that were designed to burn before the inner room + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to burn before the inner room" or "in which the priests put oil to burn in front of the inner room" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the inner room + +This is another name for "the holy of holies" or "the very holy place." + +# the flowers, the lamps + +The "flowers" and "lamps" were part of the lampstands. + +# the tongs + +This is a tool made from two sticks of wood or metal connected at one end and used for picking up objects. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/22.md b/2ch/04/22.md index 07dd33248e..60bd0ba040 100644 --- a/2ch/04/22.md +++ b/2ch/04/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## lamp trimmers ## +# Also the lamp trimmers ... were all made of pure gold -These would have trimmed the wicks of the lamps. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The workers also made the lamp trimmers ... out of pure gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lamp trimmers + +These would have been used to trim the wicks of the lamps. + +# its inner doors ... were made of gold + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the workers made its inner doors ... out of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/04/intro.md b/2ch/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b2ce55a96 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Solomon and the building of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Special construction ##### +Not only is the temple constructed in a special way, the things that are used in the temple's sacrificial system and its decorations are constructed in a special way. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/05/01.md b/2ch/05/01.md index 4823709786..416418d5f4 100644 --- a/2ch/05/01.md +++ b/2ch/05/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## storeroom ## +# When all the work that Solomon did for the house of Yahweh was completed, Solomon brought -This is an area where things are kept or stored. \ No newline at end of file +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When Solomon's workers completed all of the work for the house of Yahweh, they brought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# treasuries + +"storerooms." This is an area where things are kept or stored. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/05/02.md b/2ch/05/02.md index fba65ac2dc..aff90c1828 100644 --- a/2ch/05/02.md +++ b/2ch/05/02.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## seventh month ## +# assembled the elders of Israel -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]]) \ No newline at end of file +"called together the leaders of Israel" + +# all the heads of the tribes + +Here "heads" is a metaphor for the most important part of something. AT: "all the leaders of the tribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# All the men of Israel + +This may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in 5:2 or 2) generally to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# at the feast, which was in the seventh month + +This is the Festival of Shelters which is on the fifteenth day of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. This is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/05/04.md b/2ch/05/04.md index 2853363883..1df555b397 100644 --- a/2ch/05/04.md +++ b/2ch/05/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## furnishing ## +# furnishings -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 4:19](../04/19.md) +This refers to all of the bowls and tools that were used in the house of God. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 4:19](../04/19.md) -## sheep and oxen that could not be counted ## +# all the assembly of Israel -AT: "many sheep and oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "all" is a generalization meaning very many Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# sacrificing sheep and oxen that could not be counted + +This is an exaggeration that emphasizes the great number of animals that were sacrificed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "sacrificing more sheep and oxen than anyone could count" or "sacrificing very many sheep and oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/05/07.md b/2ch/05/07.md index bda4c1e28d..b201fcd911 100644 --- a/2ch/05/07.md +++ b/2ch/05/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## to its place ## +# into the inner room of the house, to the most holy place, under -AT: "to its appointed place" \ No newline at end of file +"into the inner room of the house—that is, to the most holy place—under" + +# poles by which it was carried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "poles by which the priests carried it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/05/09.md b/2ch/05/09.md index bb3151af56..dbba8826da 100644 --- a/2ch/05/09.md +++ b/2ch/05/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## to this day ## +# their ends were seen ... they could not be seen -This refers to a time when the book of 2 Chronicles was written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people could see their ends ... people could not see them" + +# to this day + +This means the day on which the writer wrote. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/05/11.md b/2ch/05/11.md index 262d033067..3084f62b6d 100644 --- a/2ch/05/11.md +++ b/2ch/05/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Asaph, Heman, Jeduthun ## +# It came about that -The same three led the worship when David moved the ark to Jerusalem. David later appointed them as the temple musicians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way of doing this, you could consider using it here. -## sons and brothers ## +# Asaph, Heman, Jeduthun -AT: "their relatives" or "their descendants" \ No newline at end of file +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# sons and brothers + +"sons and other relatives" + +# cymbals + +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# 120 priests + +"one hundred and twenty priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/05/13.md b/2ch/05/13.md index a7071542fc..7f8d9a56c9 100644 --- a/2ch/05/13.md +++ b/2ch/05/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## raised their voices ## +# making one sound to be heard for praising and thanking Yahweh -AT: "they sang" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "making one sound as they praised and thanked Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# raised their voices + +This is an idiom. AT: "sang loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for his covenant loyalty endures forever + +The abstract noun "covenant loyalty" can be stated as "faithful." AT: "for he is faithful forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Then the house, the house of Yahweh, was filled with a cloud + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then a cloud filled the house of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/05/intro.md b/2ch/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..465ac2d064 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Solomon continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Moving the contents of the tent ##### +Everything from the tent was moved into the new temple. This too was done in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/01.md b/2ch/06/01.md index 0ac24de4e2..eac443eb16 100644 --- a/2ch/06/01.md +++ b/2ch/06/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## a lofty residence ## +# Yahweh has said that he -AT: "an exalted place to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Solomon speaks to Yahweh as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh, you have said that you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## all the assembly of Israel was standing ## +# in thick darkness -AT: "while the people stood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "thick" shows that the darkness is extreme. Yahweh spoke of not allowing sinful people to see him as if he were to live in darkness. AT: "in great darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have built you a lofty residence + +Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. AT: "I and your people have built you a lofty residence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a lofty residence + +a magnificent house, appropriate for someone who is very important + +# while all the assembly of Israel was standing + +The phrase "all the assembly" is a generalization. It does not mean that every person of Israel was standing, but that all of the people who were gathered there were standing. AT: "while the people of Israel there were standing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/04.md b/2ch/06/04.md index 3bf7daf1c8..9f1db9cec0 100644 --- a/2ch/06/04.md +++ b/2ch/06/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## has fulfilled it with his own hands ## +# May Yahweh, the God of Israel, be praised -has caused it to happen or has ensured that his promises were fulfilled (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Praise Yahweh, the God of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in order for my name to be there ## +# David my father -AT: "In order to make myself known there." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +King Solomon actually was one of King David's sons. + +# has fulfilled it + +"has caused it to happen." The word "it" refers to what God had promised. AT: "has ensured that he fulfilled his promises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# with his own hands + +The hand is a metonym for power. AT: "by his own power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in order for my name to be there + +Here the metonym "my name" represents Yahweh's reputation, and his name being there represents people recognizing his greatness and worshiping him there. AT: "for people to worship me there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to be prince over my people Israel + +Being "prince over people" represents ruling them. AT: "to rule my people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that my name might be there + +Here the metonym "my name" represents Yahweh's reputation, and his name being there represents people recognizing his greatness and worshiping him there. AT: "so that people might worship me there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to be over my people Israel + +Being "over" people represents ruling them. AT: "to rule my people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/07.md b/2ch/06/07.md index dc012f16bc..b2f6a33dbb 100644 --- a/2ch/06/07.md +++ b/2ch/06/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## in the heart of David ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "a desire of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +King Solomon continues speaking to the people at the temple. -## for the name of Yahweh ## +# it was in the heart of David my father ... it was in your heart ... for it to be in your heart -Yahweh's name represented His total presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here David's heart is spoken of as if it were a container, and what he desired is spoken of as if it were an item in the container. AT: "David my father desired ... you desired ... to desire to do that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the name of Yahweh ... for my name + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh's name represents himself. AT: "for Yahweh ... for me" or 2) Yahweh's name represents his reputation. AT: "for Yahweh's reputation ... for my reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# In that it was in your heart + +"Because it was in your heart" or "Because you wanted" + +# one who will come from your loins + +"one who will be your own offspring" or "one whom you yourself will father" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/10.md b/2ch/06/10.md index 1f9c25df74..bb3534462f 100644 --- a/2ch/06/10.md +++ b/2ch/06/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## in which is Yahweh’s covenant ## +# has carried out the word that he had said -AT: "in which are the stone tablets showing the covenant that Yahweh made with us Israelite people." (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "has done exactly what he said he would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I have arisen in the place of David my father + +Height is a metaphor for power. AT: "I have gained the power that David my father had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I sit on the throne of Israel + +The throne is a metonym for the activity of the one who sits on the throne. AT: "I rule over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for the name of Yahweh + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh's name represents himself. AT: "for Yahweh" or 2) Yahweh's name represents his reputation. AT: "for the reputation of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in which is Yahweh's covenant, which + +The stone tablets on which Yahweh had written the terms of the covenant are spoken of as if they were the covenant itself. AT: "in which are the tablets on which Yahweh wrote the terms of the covenant that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/12.md b/2ch/06/12.md index 66ff5110b8..3880bf1bf2 100644 --- a/2ch/06/12.md +++ b/2ch/06/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## in the presence of all the assembly of Israel ## +# in the presence of all the assembly of Israel -AT: "in front of the people of Israel who had gathered there." +"in front of the people of Israel who had gathered there" -## cubit ## +# spread out his hands -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +"raised his hands." This was to show that he was praying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## he spread out his hands toward the heavens ## +# five cubits long, five cubits wide, and three cubits high -Solomon lifted up his hands and held them high as he knelt on the platform to pray. \ No newline at end of file +You may convert these to modern measures. AT: "two and one-third meters long, two and one-third meters wide, and one and one-half meters high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# he spread out his hands toward the heavens + +Solomon lifted up his hands and held them high as he knelt on the platform to pray. Spreading out his hands toward the heavens was a way of showing that he was praying to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/14.md b/2ch/06/14.md index 7b345b7f00..a4f6234e2f 100644 --- a/2ch/06/14.md +++ b/2ch/06/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## servants who walk before you with all their heart ## +# on the earth, who keeps covenant and steadfast love with your servants -- AT: "us who genuinely try to do what you want us to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "on the earth. You keep your promise to love your servants" or "on the earth. You faithfully love your servants" -## you spoke with your mouth and have fulfilled it with your hand ## +# walk before you with all their heart -This refers to the promise that God made to David that his son would build the temple. AT: "you have fulfilled your promise." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "live wholeheartedly the way that you want them to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you who have kept with your servant David my father, what you promised him + +"you who have kept your promise to your servant David my father." To keep a promise is an idiom that means to do what one has promised. AT: "you who have done what you promised your servant David my father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you spoke with your mouth + +The phrase "with your mouth" may emphasize that God himself spoke. It was not someone else who made the promise. AT: "you yourself spoke" + +# and have fulfilled it with your hand + +The hand is a metonym for the power of the hand. AT: "and, by your power, have fulfilled what you said" or "and by your power have done what you said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as it is today + +This refers to the day when Solomon was saying this prayer. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/16.md b/2ch/06/16.md index 0fc709a2e7..49910024eb 100644 --- a/2ch/06/16.md +++ b/2ch/06/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## carry out ## +# Connecting Statement: -This is a request. AT: "please do" +King Solomon continues praying. -## You will not fail to have a man in my sight to sit on the throne of Israel ## +# carry out what you have promised -AT: "you will always have one of David's descendants as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This is a request. To carry out what one has said is an idiom meaning to do what one has said. AT: "please do what you have promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## as you have walked before me ## +# You will not fail to have a man -AT: "in the way that David did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +God speaking in terms of David having a man implies that the man would be a descendant of David. This can be stated positively. AT: "you will always have a descendant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# a man in my sight to sit on the throne of Israel + +The phrase "in my sight" here implies that God would choose the man and the man would want to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to sit on the throne of Israel + +The throne is a metonym for the activity of the one who sits on the throne. AT: "to rule over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to walk in my law, as you have walked before me + +The way a person behaves is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "to obey my law, as you have obeyed me" or "to be faithful to my law as you have been faithful to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that the promise you made to your servant David will come true + +"that the things that you promised your servant David will happen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/18.md b/2ch/06/18.md index 50b9b1b865..e81718dcab 100644 --- a/2ch/06/18.md +++ b/2ch/06/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,51 @@ -## But will God actually live with mankind on the earth? ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "But God, surely you will not actually live with mankind on the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +King Solomon continues praying. -## listen to the cry and prayer ## +# But will God actually live with mankind on the earth? -AT: "please answer my desperate request"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Possible meanings of this question are 1) Solomon is asking a real question and expecting an answer or 2) the question is rhetorical and Solomon is emphasizing that God is too big and mighty to live on earth. AT: "But it surely cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## your eyes may be open on this temple day and night ## +# But will God -"you help those who come to you in the temple, at any time - day or night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here Solomon speaks about God in the third person to show his great respect for God. It can be stated in the second person. AT: "But will you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## that you would put your name ## +# Look -AT: "where you, yourself, would be known" +Here "Look" indicates that he is about to say something important. -## your servant will pray toward this place ## +# the entire universe and heaven itself cannot contain you -The people of Israel would pray in the direction of the Temple. \ No newline at end of file +This implies that God is much greater than all the universe and heaven. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 2:6](../02/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you—how much less can this temple that I have built + +"you, so this temple that I have built certainly cannot contain you" + +# this temple that I have built + +Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. AT: "this temple that your people have built under my leadership" or "this house that I and your people have built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# respect this prayer of your servant and his request + +The words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is sincere as he makes his request. Solomon refers to himself as "your servant" to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "respect me, your servant, as I make this request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# listen to the cry and prayer that your servant prays before you + +The words "cry" and "prayer" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is sincere as he asks Yahweh to help him. Solomon refers to himself as "your servant" to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "listen to me, your servant, as I call for you to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# May your eyes be open toward this temple + +The eyes being open is a metonym for watching, and here watching represents protecting. "Please watch over this temple" or "Please protect this temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# day and night + +This is a merism. AT: "all the time" or "continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# where you promised to put your name + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh's name represents himself. AT: "where you promised to be" or 2) Yahweh's name represents his reputation. AT: "where you promised to make people know you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the prayer your servant prays toward this place + +Solomon refers to himself as "your servant" to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "the prayer that I, your servant, pray toward this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/21.md b/2ch/06/21.md index d511540094..43f9a6be39 100644 --- a/2ch/06/21.md +++ b/2ch/06/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## when you listen, forgive ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "when you hear the prayers, please forgive their sin" \ No newline at end of file +King Solomon continues praying. + +# So listen to the requests of your servant and of your people Israel + +Solomon speaks of himself as "your servant" to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "So listen to my requests and the requests of your people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# when you listen, forgive + +"when you hear our prayers, please forgive our sins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/22.md b/2ch/06/22.md index df4b829ea2..a6e74108b1 100644 --- a/2ch/06/22.md +++ b/2ch/06/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## act and judge ## +# Connecting Statement: -- AT: "decide who is telling the truth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +King Solomon continues praying. -## to bring his conduct on his own head ## +# is required to swear an oath -- AT: "Then punish the person who is guilty as he deserves to be punished," \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone requires him to swear an oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this house + +This refers to the temple. + +# bringing what he has done upon his own head + +To bring someone's conduct on him represents punishing him for his bad conduct. AT: "punishing him as he deserves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# upon his own head + +Here the "head" refers to the whole person. AT: "on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# give to him according to his righteousness + +"give him what he deserves because he is innocent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/24.md b/2ch/06/24.md index 89d50b7bcf..a83553b13c 100644 --- a/2ch/06/24.md +++ b/2ch/06/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## please listen from the heavens and ## +# When your people Israel are defeated by an enemy -AT: "Please, honor their prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When an enemy defeats your people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you gave to them ## +# because they have sinned against you -AT: "you promised to them" \ No newline at end of file +"because your people Israel have sinned against you" + +# if they turn back to you + +Here "turn back to you" represents submitting again to God. AT: "if they submit to you again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# confess your name + +Possible meanings are 1) "confess that they have sinned against you" or 2) "praise you" or 3) "say that they will obey you from now on." + +# request forgiveness before you + +The abstract noun "forgiveness" can be translated as a verb. AT: "ask you to forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# please listen from the heavens + +To "listen" is an idiom for responding to prayer. AT: "please honor their prayer" or "please answer their prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# bring them back to the land that you gave to them and to their ancestors + +This implies that when their enemies defeated them, God's people will have gone to live in other lands. AT: "bring them back to their own land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/26.md b/2ch/06/26.md index 18ae79246c..7562d01e9d 100644 --- a/2ch/06/26.md +++ b/2ch/06/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## When the skies are shut up and there is no rain ## +# When the skies are shut up and there is no rain -- AT: "When you do not allow any rain to fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The sky is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain, and when God does not want it to rain he closes the door to the building. AT: "When you do not allow rain to fall from the skies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## confess your name ## +# confess your name -With their words and by their actions, they honor God and His authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "confess that they have sinned against you" or 2) "praise you" or 3) "say that they will obey you from now on." -## turn from their sin ## +# turn from their sin -AT: stop their evil ways" +Here "turn from" is a metaphor for stopping doing it. AT: "stop committing their sins" or "stop acting sinfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## direct them to the good way in which they should walk ## +# the good way in which they should walk -AT: "show them how to live righteously" \ No newline at end of file +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "the good way that they should live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your land, which you have given to your people as an inheritance + +The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance because God wanted them to possess it forever. AT: "your land, which you have given to your people to own forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/28.md b/2ch/06/28.md index fb7cff9749..fddb0c5e3c 100644 --- a/2ch/06/28.md +++ b/2ch/06/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## prayers and requests ## +# blight or mildew -ernestly plead (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These are agricultural terms that refer to the death of crops from either too little or too much rain, respectively. -## each knowing the plague and sorrow in his own heart ## +# locusts or caterpillars -AT: "because they know the weakness and sorrow in their own hearts—" +A "locust" is a type of grasshopper that causes destruction by eating crops. The word "caterpillar" refers to an early growth stage of the locust. -## he spreads out his hands ## +# prayers and requests are made by a person or by all your people Israel -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 6:12](./12.md) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a person, or all your people Israel, prays and makes requests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## all his ways ## +# prayers and requests -AT: "what he has done" \ No newline at end of file +The words "prayers" and "requests" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the person is sincere as he makes his requests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# knowing the plague and sorrow in his own heart + +Here "plague" is a metaphor for sin, and sin and sorrow are spoken of as being in people's hearts. AT: "knowing the sin and sorrow in his own heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he spreads out his hands toward this temple + +This was a way of showing that they were praying to the God of the temple. See how you translated "spread out his hands" in [2 Chronicles 6:12](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# for all his ways + +Here "his ways" represents the person's behavior. AT: "for what he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that they may walk in your ways + +Here "walk in your ways" represents living and behaving the way God wants. AT: "so that they may live as you want them to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/32.md b/2ch/06/32.md index 752cb12445..9c20034c15 100644 --- a/2ch/06/32.md +++ b/2ch/06/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## your great name, your mighty hand, and your raised arm ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "you are very great and powerful. " (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +King Solomon continues praying. -## called by your name ## +# who—because of your great name, your mighty hand, and your outstretched arm—comes -AT: "known as the house of Yahweh, your possession." \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that the foreigners come because they hear about God's greatness. AT: "who hears about your great name, your mighty hand, and your outstretched arm—if he comes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your great name + +Here God's name represents his reputation. AT: "your great reputation" or "your greatness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your mighty hand, and your outstretched arm + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to God's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# prays toward this house + +Praying toward Yahweh's temple shows that one is praying to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# may know your name + +Here God's name represents his reputation. AT: "may know your reputation" or "may know your greatness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as do your own people Israel + +"as your own people Israel know your name and fear you" + +# this house I have built is called by your name + +The phrase "is called by your name" shows that God possesses and owns the house. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you own this house that I have built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this house I have built + +Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 6:18](./18.md). AT: "this house that your people have built under my leadership" or "this house that I and your people have built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/34.md b/2ch/06/34.md index 6253e3b21d..930c5ba532 100644 --- a/2ch/06/34.md +++ b/2ch/06/34.md @@ -1,5 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] +# Connecting Statement: -## I have built ## +King Solomon continues praying. -AT: "The people have built under my leadership" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Suppose that your people go out ... suppose that they pray + +When Solomon was speaking, these hypothetical situations had not happened, but Solomon knew that they might happen in the future. Use the form in your language for talking about events that have not happened but might happen in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# they pray to you toward this city ... and toward the house + +Praying toward Jerusalem and the temple shows that they are praying to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the house that I have built + +Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. AT: "this house that your people have built under my leadership" or "this house that I and your people have built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for your name + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh's name represents himself. AT: "for you" or 2) Yahweh's name represents his reputation. AT: "for your reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to their prayer, their request + +The abstract nouns "prayer" and "request" can be stated as verbs. AT: "to what they request when they pray to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# help their cause + +This refers to helping them fight against their enemies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/36.md b/2ch/06/36.md index 3e7f9ff824..88fa3a8157 100644 --- a/2ch/06/36.md +++ b/2ch/06/36.md @@ -1,9 +1,63 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] +# Connecting Statement: -## the enemy carries them away and takes them as captives to their land ## +King Solomon continues praying. -the enemy takes them as captives and brings them to the land of their enemies" +# Suppose they sin ... suppose that you are angry ... suppose they realize ... suppose that they repent ... Suppose that they say ... Suppose that they return ... suppose that they pray -## pray toward their land ## +When Solomon was speaking, these hypothetical situations had not happened, but Solomon knew that they might happen in the future. Use the form in your language for talking about events that have not happened but might happen in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -This refers to Israel. AT: "and pray facing this land that you gave their ancestors," \ No newline at end of file +# hand them over to the enemy + +Here "hand them over to the enemy" represents allowing the enemy to capture them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that the enemy carries them away + +Here "carries them away" represents forcing them to leave their own country. AT: "so that the enemy forces them to leave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# where they have been exiled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where their enemies have taken them as exiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# seek favor from you + +"beg you to be merciful to them" + +# We have acted perversely and sinned. We have behaved wickedly + +These two sentences mean the same thing. Together they emphasize how bad the people's actions were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# acted perversely and sinned + +The words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the people sinned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they return to you + +Here "return to you" represents submitting to Yahweh again. AT: "they submit to you again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with all their heart and with all their soul + +The idioms "with all their heart" means "completely" and "with all their soul" means "with all their being." These two phrases have similar meanings. AT: "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# where they took them as captives + +"where their enemies took them as captives" + +# that they pray toward their land + +This refers to Israel. Praying toward Israel would show that they were praying to Yahweh, the God of Israel. AT: "that they pray facing their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# toward the city that you chose + +This refers to Jerusalem. + +# the house that I have built + +Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. AT: "the house that your people have built under my leadership" or "the house that I and your people have built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for your name + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh's name represents himself. AT: "for you" or 2) Yahweh's name represents his reputation. AT: "for your reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to their prayer and to their requests + +The words "prayer" and "requests" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people are sincere as they make their requests. AT: "their requests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/40.md b/2ch/06/40.md index 9922b9c6b7..13b1a10d93 100644 --- a/2ch/06/40.md +++ b/2ch/06/40.md @@ -1,3 +1,43 @@ -## let your eyes be open, and let your ears be attentive ## +# Now -AT: please see us and listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# let your eyes be open + +The eyes being open is a metonym for seeing. Here it represents looking attentively. AT: "please pay attention to us" or "please look at us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let your ears be attentive to the prayer + +The ears being attentive is a metonym for listening attentively. AT: "please listen to the prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to the prayer that is made in this place + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "to the prayer that we make in this place" or "to us as we pray to you in this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# arise, Yahweh God, to your resting place + +This pictures God as if he were sitting on his throne, and asks that he will get up from his throne and come to this place. AT: "arise, Yahweh God, and come to your resting place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the ark of your strength + +"the ark, which is a symbol of your power" + +# Let your priests ... be clothed with salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated with the verb "to save." Possible meanings are 1) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for experiencing salvation. AT: "Let your priests ... know that you have saved them" or 2) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for demonstrating salvation. AT: "Let your priests ... demonstrate how you save people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# do not turn the face of your anointed away from you + +Turning the face of someone away represents rejecting him. AT: "do not reject your anointed one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your anointed + +"your anointed one." Being anointed is a metonym for being chosen by God. King Solomon may have been speaking specifically about himself. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one you anointed" or "me, the one you chose to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Keep in mind your acts of covenant loyalty for David, your servant + +The phrase "your acts" can be expressed with the phrase "what you have done." AT: "Remember what you have done for David, your servant, because of your covenant loyalty" + +# Keep in mind + +"Remember" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/06/intro.md b/2ch/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b8c3df8b78 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Solomon continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Temple dedication ##### +Solomon dedicated the temple with a prayer asking God to honor the temple. It was common to dedicate something important to God when it was completed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/01.md b/2ch/07/01.md index ab03cfe7bb..7a9ed2c393 100644 --- a/2ch/07/01.md +++ b/2ch/07/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## with their faces to the ground ## +# the house -This is a position of prayer. AT: "they prostrated themselves with their faces touching the stone pavement." +"Yahweh's house" or "the temple" -## his covenant loyalty ## +# they bowed down with their faces to the ground on the stone pavement -AT: "God's covenant faithfulness" \ No newline at end of file +This is a position of humility and worship. AT: "they lay down on the ground with their faces touching the stone pavement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# his covenant loyalty endures forever + +The abstract noun "covenant loyalty" can be expressed with the adjective "loyal" and the verb "promise." AT: "God will always be loyal to us because of his covenant" or "God will always faithfully do for us what he promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/04.md b/2ch/07/04.md index f1ed4d37d3..0fcdfbbe5e 100644 --- a/2ch/07/04.md +++ b/2ch/07/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## each standing where they serve ## +# all the people -AT: "each standing in there appointed place" \ No newline at end of file +This generalization refers either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [2 Chronicles 5:2](../05/02.md), or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# twenty-two thousand oxen + +"22,000 oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 120,000 sheep and goats + +"one hundred and twenty thousand sheep and goats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# each standing where they serve + +"each standing in their appointed place" + +# the Levites also with instruments of music of Yahweh + +The word "stood" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: the Levites also stood with instruments of music of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# For his covenant faithfulness endures for ever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." See how you translated "covenant faithfulness" in [2 Chronicles 7:3](./04.md). AT: "God will always be faithful to his covenant with us" or "God will always faithfully love us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# all Israel + +This generalization refers to those who were at the feast in Jerusalem, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/07.md b/2ch/07/07.md index 982aaaf6b0..fce67ca639 100644 --- a/2ch/07/07.md +++ b/2ch/07/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## was not able to hold the burnt offerings ## +# the bronze altar that he had made -AT: "was not able to hold the large amount of burnt offerings" \ No newline at end of file +The author speaks of Solomon commanding someone to make the bronze altar and telling him how to do it as if Solomon himself had made it. AT: "the bronze altar that he had commanded someone to make" or "the bronze altar that he had caused to be made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# was not able to hold the burnt offerings, the grain offerings, and the fat + +This was because there were so many offerings. AT: "was not able to hold the large amount of burnt offerings, grain offerings, and fat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/08.md b/2ch/07/08.md index ad017f5549..fcb497fa7d 100644 --- a/2ch/07/08.md +++ b/2ch/07/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## Lebo Hamath ## +# all Israel with him -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This generalization refers to those who were at the the feast in Jerusalem, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## a solemn assembly ## +# from Lebo Hamath to the brook of Egypt -This was a special assembly. +Lebo Hamath was north of Israel, and the brook of Egypt was south of Israel. These are used together to emphasize that people from every part of Israel were at the festival. AT: "from Lebo Hamath in the north to the brook of Egypt in the south" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and all Israel with him ## +# the eighth day -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +The word "eighth" is the ordinal form of "8." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## the twenty-third day of the seventh month ## +# a solemn assembly -third day of the seventh month** - (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeday]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]]) \ No newline at end of file +This was a special religious gathering. + +# they kept the dedication of the altar + +Here "kept the dedication" is an idiom meaning "celebrated the dedication." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the twenty-third day of the seventh month + +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-third day is near the middle of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# with glad and joyful hearts + +The words "glad" and "joyful" mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of joy. AT: "with very glad hearts" or "and they were very joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# because of the goodness that Yahweh had shown + +"because Yahweh had shown wonderful goodness" or "because Yahweh had been so good" + +# Israel, his people + +"Israel, God's people." The phrase "his people" emphasizes God's faithfulness to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/11.md b/2ch/07/11.md index 513a35d4b7..cbac863ce4 100644 --- a/2ch/07/11.md +++ b/2ch/07/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## carried out - "finished" ## +# Solomon finished the house of Yahweh and his own house -"finished"** +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "the workers whom Solomon commanded finished the house of Yahweh and Solomon's own house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I have heard your prayer ## +# Everything that came into Solomon's heart to make -AT: "I have listened to your prayer" \ No newline at end of file +The heart is spoken of as if it were a container, and desires are spoken of as if they came into the heart. AT: "Everything that Solomon desired to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he successfully carried out + +This is an idiom. AT: "he successfully finished" or "he caused to be done successfully (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# by night + +"at night" or "one night" + +# a house of sacrifice + +"the house where people will offer sacrifices to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/13.md b/2ch/07/13.md index abc29307dd..2e3e1b66dd 100644 --- a/2ch/07/13.md +++ b/2ch/07/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## shut up the heavens so that there is no rain ## +# Suppose that I shut up the heavens so that there is no rain -AT: "stopped the rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "heavens" refers to the sky, and is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 6:26](../06/26.md). AT: "Suppose that I do not allow the rain to fall from the skies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## devour the land ## +# devour the land -The word "land" is used to mean "all the living plants and crops". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "land" represents the plants and crops on the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## seek my face ## +# if I send disease among my people -AT: "search for God" or "to come to God for help". +Here "send disease" represents causing diseases. AT: "if I cause my people to have diseases" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my eyes will be open...my ears attentive - ## +# who are called by my name -** The words "eyes" and "ears" refer to God, who chooses to see and hear their prayers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) AT: "I will see them and I will listen" . \ No newline at end of file +Here being called by God's name is an idiom meaning belonging to God. AT: "who belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# seek my face + +Here God's face represents his acceptance of them. Possible meanings are "seek my face" represents 1) urgently asking him for forgiveness. AT: "beg me to forgive them" or 2) strongly wanting to please him. AT: "choose to please me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# turn from their wicked ways + +Here "turn from" is a metaphor meaning to stop doing something, and "ways" represent behavior. AT: "stop their wicked behavior" or "stop doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# heal their land + +Here land that does not produce much is spoken of as though it were sick. AT: "make their land good again" or "make their land produce good crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# my eyes will be open + +The eyes being open is a metonym for seeing. Here it represents looking attentively. AT: "I will pay attention to you" or "I will watch you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my ears attentive to the prayers + +The ears being attentive is a metonym for listening attentively. AT: "I will listen to the prayers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the prayers that are made in this place + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "to the prayers that you make in this place" or "to you as you pray to me in this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/16.md b/2ch/07/16.md index f744ca4734..fe227149dd 100644 --- a/2ch/07/16.md +++ b/2ch/07/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## my eyes and my heart ## +# that my name may be there forever -"my love, careful watch, and protection". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) God's name represents himself. AT: "that I may be there forever" or 2) God's name represents Yahweh's reputation, and his name being there represents people worshiping him there. AT: "for people to worship me there forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## if you walk before me as David your father walked, ## +# My eyes and my heart will be there every day -AT: "If you obey me as David, your father, did," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "My eyes" represents God's careful attention, and "my heart" represents his love. These being at his temple implies that he will protect his temple. AT: "I will watch and protect it forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## establish the throne ## +# As for you -AT: "I will make sure that your descendants will always be kings," (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Here "you" refers to King Solomon. + +# if you walk before me as David your father walked + +Here walking is a metaphor for living. Walking before God represents living in obedience to him. AT: "If you obey me as David your father did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# David your father + +Solomon was one of David's sons. + +# keeping my statutes and my decrees + +"obeying my statutes and my decrees" + +# I will establish the throne of your kingdom + +Here the throne represents ruling. Establishing the throne of Solomon's kingdom represents causing Solomon to have descendants who will rule over Israel. AT: "I will make descendants of yours rule over your kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# A descendant of yours will never fail to be ruler in Israel + +This can be stated positively. AT: "One of your descendants will always be ruler in Israel" or "Descendants of yours will always rule in Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/19.md b/2ch/07/19.md index 0e36a66f58..09d8009b19 100644 --- a/2ch/07/19.md +++ b/2ch/07/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## then will I pluck them up by the roots out of my land ## +# But if you turn away -AT: "remove them from my land". Compares pulling plants up by their roots from the soil, with the removal of God's people of Israel from his land. The results would be destruction of the nation and sadness of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "turn away" from God is a metaphor meaning to stop worshiping him. AT: "But if you stop worshiping me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you turn away + +Possible meanings are that the word "you" refers 1) to all the people of Israel, or 2) to Solomon and his descendants. + +# my statutes and my commandments + +Here the words "commandments" and "statutes" mean basically the same thing and emphasize all that Yahweh has commanded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# I will uproot them from out of my ground that I have given them + +The word "them" refers to the people of Israel. God speaks of making his people leave his land as if they were plants that he would pull up by their roots out of the soil. AT: "I will make them leave the land I have given them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# This house + +This refers to the temple. + +# that I have set apart for my name + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh's name represents himself. AT: "that I have set apart for myself" or 2) Yahweh's name represents his reputation. AT: "that I have set apart for my reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will cast away from before me + +God speaks of rejecting his temple as if he were to throw it far away from himself. AT: "I will reject it" or "I will ignore it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make it a proverb and a joke among all the peoples + +"I will cause all the peoples to make proverbs and jokes about it" or "because of what I do to it, all the nations will mock and ridicule it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/21.md b/2ch/07/21.md index f3aa62d4cd..4754d7193f 100644 --- a/2ch/07/21.md +++ b/2ch/07/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## forsook Yahweh ## +# will be shocked -to turn away from God, to reject him as the one and only true God. +"will be amazed" -## they laid hold of other gods and bowed down to them and worshiped them ## +# will hiss -AT: "they have chosen to worship other gods and try to please them." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is how they would show that they are shocked by what happened to the temple (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# they forsook Yahweh + +"they were unfaithful to Yahweh" or "they did not obey Yahweh" + +# who had brought their ancestors out of the land of Egypt + +This phrase tells why they should have worshiped God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# they laid hold of other gods + +Here "laid hold of" represents choosing to be loyal to them. AT: "they chose to be loyal to other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bowed down to them and worshiped them + +These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase "bowed down to them" describes the posture that people used in worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/07/intro.md b/2ch/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5df8273512 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Solomon continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Solomon's dream ##### +God appeared again to Solomon in a dream and said the temple was acceptable and he honored it with his presence. He would remain as long as Israel obeyed him. If they worshiped other gods and idols he would let their enemies destroy the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/01.md b/2ch/08/01.md index 35541b52f6..64c05492f2 100644 --- a/2ch/08/01.md +++ b/2ch/08/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## It came about at the end of twenty years ## +# It came about -AT: After 20 years," +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way of doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Hiram ## +# at the end of twenty years -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"after 20 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Solomon had built the house of Yahweh and his own house + +The author writes of Solomon commanding the people to build the temple and palace and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built them. AT: "Solomon caused the house of Yahweh and his own house to be built" or "Solomon directed the building of the temple and his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Hiram + +Hiram was the king of Tyre. See how you translated his name in [2 Chronicles 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "Hiram, the king of Tyre" or "King Hiram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Solomon rebuilt the towns that Hiram had given to him + +The author speaks of Solomon commanding the people to rebuild the towns as if he himself had rebuilt them. AT: "Solomon caused the towns that Hiram had given to him to be rebuilt" or "Solomon commanded and the people rebuilt the towns that Hiram had given to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/03.md b/2ch/08/03.md index 4003bd64b6..141c41530a 100644 --- a/2ch/08/03.md +++ b/2ch/08/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Solomon attacked Hamathzolbah ## +# Solomon attacked Hamathzobah Solomon represents his whole fighting army. AT: "Solomon's army attacked the town of Hamathzolbah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Tadmar...Hamath ## +# He built Tadmor in the wilderness -Cities in Syria. \ No newline at end of file +Tadmor was a city north of Israel, in modern-day Syria. The author writes of Solomon commanding the people to build Tadmor as if Solomon himself built it. AT: "Solomon caused the town of Tadmor in the wilderness to be rebuilt" or "Solomon commanded, and the people built the town of Tadmor in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Tadmor + +Tadmor was a city north of Israel, in modern-day Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# store cities + +"storage cities" or "supply cities." These are cities where the government stored food or supplies. + +# Hamath + +Hamath was a region north of Israel, in modern-day Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/05.md b/2ch/08/05.md index 3673c95dae..1ddd4c6f14 100644 --- a/2ch/08/05.md +++ b/2ch/08/05.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# Beth Horon the Upper and Beth Horon the Lower + +These were two cities in Judah. The upper city was on top of a hill and the lower city was in a valley. AT: "Higher Beth Horon and Lower Beth Horon" or "Beth Horon of the Hill and Beth Horon of the Valley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Baalath + +This was a city in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all the lands under his rule + +"all the lands that he ruled" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/07.md b/2ch/08/07.md index 2b468b267e..b085414c93 100644 --- a/2ch/08/07.md +++ b/2ch/08/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## who were left after them in the land ## +# their descendants who were left after them in the land -AT: "who remained in the land" +"after those people died, their descendants who remained in the land" -## forced laborers ## +# forced laborers -AT: "slaves" +"slaves" -## to this day ## +# which they are to this day -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase adds information about the descendants of those that Solomon had made into forced laborers. AT: "and their descendants are still forced laborers even now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# to this day + +This refers to the time when the book of 2 Chronicles was written. See how you translated it in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/09.md b/2ch/08/09.md index a4fc66ad40..15a333bace 100644 --- a/2ch/08/09.md +++ b/2ch/08/09.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# Solomon made no forced laborers of the people of Israel + +"Solomon did not make any of the people of Israel become slaves" + +# 250 + +"two hundred fifty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/11.md b/2ch/08/11.md index a4fc66ad40..ffb4303b77 100644 --- a/2ch/08/11.md +++ b/2ch/08/11.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# the daughter of Pharaoh + +"his wife, the daughter of Paharaoh" + +# to the house that he had built for her + +The author writes about Solomon having his workers build a house for his wife as if he himself had built it. AT: "the house that he had his workers build for her" or "to the house he had commanded his workers to build for her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# David king of Israel + +David was Solomon's father and had been king before Solomon. + +# because wherever the ark of Yahweh has come is holy + +It can be stated that the ark had been brought into King David's house. AT: "because the ark of Yahweh was brought into that house, and wherever the ark of Yahweh has come is holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/12.md b/2ch/08/12.md index fbd0c3006e..887dec1537 100644 --- a/2ch/08/12.md +++ b/2ch/08/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## portico ## +# his altar that he had built -This is a covered porch or walkway supported by columns, attached to a building. +The author writes about Solomon having his workers build the altar as if he himself had built it. AT: "on Yahweh's altar that Solomon had his workers build" or "the Yahweh's altar that he had commanded his workers to build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the daily schedule required ## +# his altar -AT: "according to the daily requirements of the Law of Moses" +"Yahweh's altar" or "the altar of Yahweh" -## on the set festivals, three times every year: the Festival of Unleavened Bread, Festival of Weeks, and the Festival of Shelters ## +# the portico -AT: "on all the festivals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the temple porch" or "the entrance to the temple." This was a covered porch supported by columns, attached to the front of the temple. + +# the daily schedule required + +"as was required each day" + +# following the directions + +Here "following the directions" represents obeying them. AT: "obeying the directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the directions found in the commandment of Moses + +"what Moses had commanded them" + +# the set festivals three times every year + +"the three festivals that they were to celebrate every year" + +# the Festival of Shelters + +"the Festival of Tents." This is a festival to celebrate God's provision for his people. When the people of Israel wandered in the desert, they lived in temporary shelters. Each year when they harvested their crops, they stayed in temporary shelters in their gardens. In both situations, God provided for them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/14.md b/2ch/08/14.md index 12340f1253..7b2a5b1ca7 100644 --- a/2ch/08/14.md +++ b/2ch/08/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## people did not deviate from the commands ## +# In keeping with the decrees of his father David -AT: "people followed the commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +"According to the decrees of his father David" or "As his father David had decreed" + +# He also appointed the gatekeepers by their divisions to every gate + +"He also appointed groups of gatekeepers to each gate" + +# gatekeepers + +These were Levites who guarded the gates and only let inside those who had permission to go inside. + +# These people did not deviate from the commands + +Here "deviate from the commands" represents to do something different from what was commanded. It can be stated positively. AT: "These people carefully obeyed the commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/16.md b/2ch/08/16.md index 8e248d166d..f9e1045f03 100644 --- a/2ch/08/16.md +++ b/2ch/08/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## accomplished ## +# All the work ordered by Solomon was completed -AT: "finished" or "completed" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They completed all the work that Solomon had ordered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the day the foundation of the house of Yahweh was laid + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "from the day they laid the foundation of the house of Yahweh" or "from the day they built the foundation of the house of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# until it was finished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until they finished building the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The house of Yahweh was completed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The house of Yahweh was complete" or "They completed building the house of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/17.md b/2ch/08/17.md index 5e17fd41e7..ffe2f403b7 100644 --- a/2ch/08/17.md +++ b/2ch/08/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Ezion Geber and then to Elath on the coast -## ships commanded by servants who understood the sea ## +These are towns along the Sea of Reeds. They had ports where people who had ships could stop. AT: "the towns of Ezion Geber and Elath, on the coast of the Sea of Reeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "experienced sailors, piloting cargo ships" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Ophir -## talent ## +This is the name of a place. Its location is not known. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file +# 450 talents of gold + +"four hundred and fifty talents of gold." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "about sixteen thousand kilograms of gold" or "about fifteen metric tons of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/08/intro.md b/2ch/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6311e2f4bc --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Solomon continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Solomon's victories ##### +Solomon achieved many victory when he was king. This chapter records many of these victories. Israel is at its height of power when Solomon was king. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/01.md b/2ch/09/01.md index ad99bca18d..dc236d71a7 100644 --- a/2ch/09/01.md +++ b/2ch/09/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## told her all her questions ## +# She came with a very long caravan -AT: "answered all her questions" \ No newline at end of file +"a very large group of servants" or "a very long line of servants" + +# all that was in her heart + +This is a generalization. AT: "everything she wanted to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# there was no question that he did not answer + +This can be stated positively. AT: "he answered every question" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/03.md b/2ch/09/03.md index c7f923b0ec..462b008c8e 100644 --- a/2ch/09/03.md +++ b/2ch/09/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the palace that he had built, the food on his table, the seating of his servants, the work of his servants and their clothing, also his cupbearers and their clothing ## +# When the queen of Sheba saw Solomon's wisdom and the palace that he had built -Sheba saw everything of Solomon's (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here "saw Solomon's wisdom" represents realizing that Solomon was very wise. AT: "When the queen of Sheba realized how wise Solomon was, and when she saw the palace that he had built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## cupbearers ## +# the palace that he had built -These were servants who tasted a drink before the King does to test it for poison. +The author writes about Solomon having his workers build his palace as if he himself had built it. AT: "the palace that Solomon had his workers build" or "the palace that he had commanded his workers to build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## she had no spirit in her ## +# the seating of his servants -AT: "she was not full of pride anymore" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) where his servants lived or 2) how his servants sat around the table. + +# his cupbearers + +"his wine servers." These were servants who tasted the king's wine to make sure that there was no poison in it. If it was safe to drink the wine, they would give it to the king. + +# there was no more spirit in her + +This is an idiom. AT: "she was completely amazed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/05.md b/2ch/09/05.md index c00903aedd..33ab807a3e 100644 --- a/2ch/09/05.md +++ b/2ch/09/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## now my eyes have seen it ## +# I heard in my own land -AT: "now I have seen it for myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"I heard while I was in my own land" -## Not half was told me about your wisdom and wealth ## +# your words and your wisdom -AT: "You are extremely wise and rich" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "wisdom" can describe the word "words." AT: "your wise words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]). + +# now my eyes have seen it + +The phrase "my eyes" emphasizes that she herself saw it. AT: "now I have seen it for myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Not half was told me about your wisdom and wealth + +This can be stated it active form. AT: "They did not tell me about even half of your wisdom and wealth" or "You are much more wise and wealthy than what they told me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/07.md b/2ch/09/07.md index f61bc74f27..60be35944e 100644 --- a/2ch/09/07.md +++ b/2ch/09/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## who constantly stand before you ## +# How blessed are your people -AT: "who wait for your commands in your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an exclamation that shows her amazement. AT: "Your people are greatly blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## who has taken pleasure in you ## +# how blessed are your servants who constantly stand before you -AT: "who is pleased with you" \ No newline at end of file +This is an exclamation that shows her amazement. AT: "your servants who constantly stand before you are greatly blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# they hear your wisdom + +Hear "wisdom" represents the wise things that he says. AT: "they hear the wise things that you say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who has taken pleasure in you, who placed you on his throne + +These phrases tell why people should praise Yahweh. AT: "because he has taken pleasure in you and placed you on his throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# who has taken pleasure in you + +"who is pleased with you" + +# who placed you on his throne, to be king for Yahweh your God + +The idea of being on Yahweh's throne represents having the authority to rule as Yahweh does. Being king "for Yahweh" means to represent Yahweh as king. AT: "who gave you authority to rule as he does, to represent Yahweh your God as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in order to establish them forever + +Possible meanings are 1) "establish" represents helping them in general. AT: "in order to help them forever" or 2) "establish" represents making them strong as a nation. AT: "in order to make them a nation forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for you to do justice and righteousness + +The abstract nouns "justice" and "righteousness" can be expressed with the words "fairly" and "righteously." AT: "for you to rule fairly and righteously" or "for you to do what is just and right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/09.md b/2ch/09/09.md index 1f7b2f7783..76ce1bda0a 100644 --- a/2ch/09/09.md +++ b/2ch/09/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## talent ## +# 120 talents -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file +"one hundred and twenty talents." A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "about four thousand kilograms of gold" or "about four metric tons of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# No greater amount of spices ... was ever given to him again + +The verb "was ever given" can be expressed in active form. AT: "No one ever gave more spices than the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/10.md b/2ch/09/10.md index f08a34053a..1392314c9e 100644 --- a/2ch/09/10.md +++ b/2ch/09/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Hiram ## +# Hiram -The king of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Hiram was the king of Tyre. See how you translated his name in [2 Chronicles 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "Hiram, the king of Tyre" or "King Hiram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Ophir ## +# Ophir -An unknown place known for its gold. +This is the name of a place. Its location is not known. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 8:18](../08/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## algum wood ## +# algum wood -This is a type of wood. \ No newline at end of file +Algum is a kind of tree that grows in Lebanon. King Hiram sent this kind of wood to Solomon. See how you translated it in [2 Chronicles 2:8](../02/08.md). + +# the king made steps ... well as harps and lyres + +The author speaks of the king having his workers make these things as if he himself had made them. AT: "the king had his workers make the steps .. as well as harps and lyres" or "the king's workers made steps ... well as harps and lyres" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# No wood like this had been seen before in the land of Judah + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one had seen wood like this before in the land of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/13.md b/2ch/09/13.md index a4fc66ad40..7d36b67be1 100644 --- a/2ch/09/13.md +++ b/2ch/09/13.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# in one year + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to each year or 2) this refers to a particular year. + +# 666 talents of gold + +A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "about twenty-two thousand kilograms of gold" or "about twenty-two metric tons of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 666 + +"six hundred and sixty-six" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/15.md b/2ch/09/15.md index 8e94851397..4c9400680a 100644 --- a/2ch/09/15.md +++ b/2ch/09/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,47 @@ -## Six hundred shekels of gold went into each one. ## +# King Solomon made -AT: "They were made of six hundred shekels of gold." +The author writes about Solomon having his workers make the shields as if he himself had made them. AT: "King Solomon had his workers make" or "King Solomon's workers made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## shekels... minas ## +# two hundred large shields -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +"200 large shields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon ## +# beaten gold -This was likely a storage place near the palace made of many large pieces of wood from Lebanon. This could also be called an armory. \ No newline at end of file +"gold that people had beaten into thin sheets" + +# Six hundred shekels of gold went into each one + +Here the phrase "went into" represents being made with. Possible meanings are 1) the shields were covered with sheets of gold. AT: "They covered each shield with six hundred shekels of gold" or 2) the shields were made of gold. AT: "They made each shield out of six hundred shekels of gold" + +# Six hundred shekels of gold + +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "Six and one half kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# Six hundred shekels + +The word "shekels" does not appear here in the Hebrew text. Some modern versions assume instead the unit called bekah, which was equivalent to only a half shekel. Any version making this assumption would signal a metric equivalent of about three kilograms. + +# He also made + +The author writes about Solomon having his workers make the shields as if he himself had made them. AT: "King Solomon had his workers also make" or "His workers also made"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# three hundred shields + +"300 shields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Three minas of gold went into each shield + +Here the phrase "went into" represents being made with. Possible meanings are 1) the shields were covered with sheets of gold. AT: "They covered each shield with three minas of gold" or 2) the shields were made of gold. AT: "They made each shield out of three minas of gold" + +# Three minas of gold + +A mina is about 600 grams. You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "One and three-quarters kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# the king put them + +The author writes about Solomon having his workers put the shields in the palace as if he himself had put them there. AT: "King Solomon had his workers put them" or "King Solomon's workers put them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the House of the Forest of Lebanon + +Solomon's palace was built of trees from Lebanon. Possible meanings are 1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. AT: "the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon" or 2) this was the name of his whole palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/17.md b/2ch/09/17.md index a3d8422879..f3ed3c186b 100644 --- a/2ch/09/17.md +++ b/2ch/09/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## ivory ## +# the king made a great throne -This is another name for the tusk or horn of an animal, like an elephant or rhinoceros. +The author speaks of commanding his workers to build the throne as if he himself had built it. AT: "the king had his workers make a great throne" or "the king's workers made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## six steps ## +# a great throne of ivory -[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]] +"a great throne decorated with ivory" -## the top of the throne was round behind ## +# ivory -AT: "the top of the throne was round behind where the king sat" \ No newline at end of file +Ivory is the hard, white substance from the tusks or teeth of large animals, such as the elephant, walrus, or hippopotamus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# two lions + +These were statues. AT: "two statues of lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/19.md b/2ch/09/19.md index 34ae30a2cb..6f4e39e877 100644 --- a/2ch/09/19.md +++ b/2ch/09/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## silver was not considered valuable in Solomon’s days ## +# the House of the Forest of Lebanon -Silver was so common in Solomon's days that it had very little value. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Solomon's palace was built of trees from Lebanon. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 9:16](./15.md). Possible meanings are 1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. AT: "the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon" or 2) this was the name of his whole palace. AT: "the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## apes and baboons ## +# silver was not considered valuable in Solomon's days -Animals from very far away, likely Africa. \ No newline at end of file +Silver was so common in Solomon's days that if a king wanted to show his wealth, he would not do it by making things out of silver. Instead he would use gold, which was less common and more valuable. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people did not value silver so much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in Solomon's days + +Here "Solomon's days" refers to the time when Solomon ruled. AT: "when Solomon ruled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a fleet of oceangoing ships + +"a group of ships that travel on the ocean" + +# along with the fleet of Hiram + +"along with Hiram's fleet of ships" + +# apes and baboons + +It is not certain whether the word translated as "apes" here refers to apes, baboons, or monkeys. It is not certain whether the word translated as "baboons" here refers to baboons or peacocks. This can be translated more generally as "animals from far away" or "animals from Africa." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/22.md b/2ch/09/22.md index 0a3ed64f24..5adcdc30d3 100644 --- a/2ch/09/22.md +++ b/2ch/09/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## which God had put in his heart ## +# All the kings of the earth -AT: "which God gave him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "all" here is a generalization. AT: "Kings from around the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## year after year ## +# sought the presence of Solomon -AT: "every year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The presence of a person is a metonym for being able to speak and listen to the person. AT: "wanted to visit Solomon" or "came to visit Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to hear his wisdom, which God had put in his heart + +The heart is a metonym for what a person thinks, and here it is spoken of as if it were a container. The abstract noun "wisdom" is a metonym for the wise things a person thinks or says. AT: "to hear how wise God had enabled him to be" or "to hear him speak the wise words that God had enabled him to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# which God had put in his heart + +God putting wisdom in Solomon's heart represents God making Solomon wise. AT: "which God had given him" or "because God had made him wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# year after year + +This is an idiom. AT: "every year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/25.md b/2ch/09/25.md index d2690d9886..da87a2fcad 100644 --- a/2ch/09/25.md +++ b/2ch/09/25.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +# four thousand stalls ... twelve thousand horsemen -## stalls ## +"4,000 stalls ... 12,000 horsemen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# stalls This is a small enclosure where horses are kept. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/27.md b/2ch/09/27.md index b62383efbc..ee9c939e3e 100644 --- a/2ch/09/27.md +++ b/2ch/09/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## as much as the stones on the ground ## +# as much as the stones on the ground -AT: "so much silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is an exaggeration to emphasize that there was such a great amount of silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## He made cedar wood to be as abundant as the sycamore fig trees that are in the lowlands ## +# They brought horses for Solomon from Egypt and from all the lands -AT: "very abundant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The word "they" may refer to Solomon's merchants. However this sentence is not about what the merchants did, but about where Solomon's horses came from. AT: "Horses were brought to Solomon from Egypt and from all the lands" or "Solomon's horses were from Egypt and all the lands" -## from all the lands ## +# from all the lands -AT: "from all-around" or "from all over" \ No newline at end of file +The word "all" is a generalization. AT: "from many other places" or "from many other countries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/29.md b/2ch/09/29.md index b6ec01d38e..14aebad2a7 100644 --- a/2ch/09/29.md +++ b/2ch/09/29.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# first and last -## first and last ## +The phrase "first and last" represents the whole time of Solomon's reign. AT: "from the beginning to the end of his reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -AT: "everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# are they not written ... Jeroboam son of Nebat)? -## are they not written ## +The author uses the question to remind the readers that other people had written about Solomon. It can be expressed in active form AT: "they are written ... Jeroboam son of Nebat.)" or "people have written about them ... Jeroboam son of Nebat)." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "they are written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# The History of Nathan the Prophet ... The Prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite ... The Visions of Iddo the Seer -## the history of Nathan the prophet, in the prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite, and in the visions of Iddo the seer concerning Jeroboam (the son of Nebat) ## +These are the names of some writings that existed when 2 Chronicles was written, but they do not exist now. -These writings no longer exist. +# Ahijah the Shilonite -## He slept with his ancestors ## +This is a prophet from Shiloh who predicted that the nation of Israel would be divided into two kingdoms. -AT: "He died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Shilonite + +This is the name of a people group from the town of Shiloh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He slept with his ancestors + +This was a polite way to tell about him dying. AT: "He died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/09/intro.md b/2ch/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cf9e985978 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Solomon ends. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Solomon's fame ##### +Solomon was famous outside of Israel because of his wisdom and tremendous wealth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/01.md b/2ch/10/01.md index a0303be7c2..0a6ac3ce56 100644 --- a/2ch/10/01.md +++ b/2ch/10/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## all Israel ## +# all Israel was coming -"all the people of the nation of Israel". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "Israel" is a metonym for the men of Israel. The word "all" is a generalization. AT: "the men of Israel were coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## the son of Nebat ## +# Jeroboam ... Nebat -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [2 Chronicles 9:29](../09/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/03.md b/2ch/10/03.md index a4fc66ad40..831a777e70 100644 --- a/2ch/10/03.md +++ b/2ch/10/03.md @@ -1 +1,23 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# they sent and called him + +"the men of Israel sent for Jeroboam" + +# Jeroboam and all Israel came + +"Jeroboam and all Israel came to Rehoboam" + +# all Israel came + +Here "Israel" is a metonym for the men of Israel. The word "all" is a generalization. AT: "the men of Israel came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# made our yoke difficult + +A difficult yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and cruel treatment. AT: "treated us cruelly" or "forced us to work very hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# make your father's hard work easier, and lighten the heavy yoke that he put on us + +These two phrases mean the same thing. The yoke metaphor emphasizes the fact that Solomon had treated them harshly. AT: "make the hard work that your father gave us easier, and do not treat us as harshly as he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# after three days + +"after 3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/06.md b/2ch/10/06.md index a4fc66ad40..690fbf13e1 100644 --- a/2ch/10/06.md +++ b/2ch/10/06.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# the old men who had stood before Solomon + +To "stand before" is an idiom for serving the king in his presence. AT: "the old men who counseled Solomon" or "the old men who attended to Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to bring an answer to these people + +"to answer these people" or "to reply to these people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/08.md b/2ch/10/08.md index ea52d068d9..a34c1d59b8 100644 --- a/2ch/10/08.md +++ b/2ch/10/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Rehoboam ignored the advice ## +# Rehoboam ignored the advice -AT: "Rehoboam did not follow the advice" +"Rehoboam did not follow the advice" -## young men ## +# who had grown up with him, who stood before him -The "young men" refers to their lack of wisdom and experience in comparison to the old men who had advised Solomon. +"who were his long-time friends, and who advised him" -## who had grown up with him, who stood before him ## +# Lighten the yoke that your father put on us -who were his long-time friends, advised him" \ No newline at end of file +To "lighten the yoke" is a metaphor that represents easing the burden. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 10:4](./03.md). AT: "Do not treat us as cruelly as your father did" or "Do not force us to work as hard as your father did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/10.md b/2ch/10/10.md index de069692d3..b15233323a 100644 --- a/2ch/10/10.md +++ b/2ch/10/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## My little finger is thicker than my father's waist ## +# made their yoke heavy -Rehoboam's point is that he is more harsh and demanding than his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +A heavy yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and cruel treatment. This metaphor is continued in verses 10 and 11. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 10:04](./03.md). AT: "treated them cruelly" or "forced them to work very hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will punish you with scorpions ## +# My little finger is thicker than my father's waist -AT: "but I will whip you with whips that have pieces of metal in them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This metaphor means that Rehoboam is more cruel and intimidating than his father. AT: "I rule much more harshly than my father ever did" or "I am much harsher than my father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will add to your yoke + +"I will make your yoke heavier." A yoke is a metaphor for labor. AT: "I will force you to work harder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will punish you with scorpions + +Possible meanings are that 1) "scorpions" is a metaphor for any kind of painful punishment. AT: "I will punish you much more harshly" or 2) "scorpions" is a metaphor for whips with sharp metal barbs at the end. AT: "I will punish you with whips that have sharp pieces of metal at the ends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/12.md b/2ch/10/12.md index f371680477..1e0a1f16a1 100644 --- a/2ch/10/12.md +++ b/2ch/10/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## all the people ## +# on the third day -AT: "all the leaders" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"after three days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## the third day ## +# made your yoke heavy, but I will add to it -[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeday]] \ No newline at end of file +A heavy yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and cruel treatment. AT: "treated you cruelly, but I will be more cruel" or "forced you to work very hard, but I will make you work harder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will punish you with scorpions + +Possible meanings are that 1) "scorpions" is a metaphor for any kind of painful punishment. AT: "I will punish you much more harshly" or 2) "scorpions" is a metaphor for whips with sharp metal barbs at the end. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 10:11](./10.md). AT: "I will punish you with whips that have sharp pieces of metal at the ends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/15.md b/2ch/10/15.md index 8182237cda..811ca3e64f 100644 --- a/2ch/10/15.md +++ b/2ch/10/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam, the son of Nebat ## +# So the king did not listen to the people -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "listen to the people" represents not care about what they said or about actually doing what they asked. AT: "So the king did not do what the people had asked him to do" or "So the king ignored the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it was a turn in events brought about by God + +This is an idiom and can be stated in active form. AT: "God caused things to happen like this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that Yahweh might carry out his word ... Nebat + +"that Yahweh might do according to the message that he told Ahijah the Shilonite to tell Jeroboam son of Nebat" or "that Yahweh might do what he had said he would do when he told Ahijah the Shilonite to give a message to Jeroboam son of Nebat" + +# that Yahweh might carry out his word + +The idiom "carry out his word" means to do what he had said he would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his word that Ahijah the Shilonite had spoken to Jeroboam son of Nebat + +This refers to the message that God gave Ahijah to tell Jeroboam. + +# Ahijah the Shilonite ... Jeroboam son of Nebat + +See how you translated these names in [2 Chronicles 9:29](../09/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/16.md b/2ch/10/16.md index 11665c2506..5686d3f61f 100644 --- a/2ch/10/16.md +++ b/2ch/10/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## What share do we have in David? ## +# all Israel -"We do not want anything to do with this descendant of King David!" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Israel" is a metonym for the men of Israel. The word "all" is a generalization. AT: "the men of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the king did not listen to them + +Here "listen to the people" represents not caring about what they said or about actually doing what they asked. AT: "the king did not do what they had asked him to do" or "the king ignored them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What share do we have in David? We have no inheritance in the son of Jesse + +The people use this question and statement to imply that since they do not belong to David's family, they are not obligated to support David's grandson, King Rehoboam. AT: "We have no share in David. We will not have anything to do with the descendants of the son of Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What share do we have in David? + +Having a share in someone represents being his descendants and receiving the good things that descendants receive. AT: "We do not belong to the family of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# We have no inheritance in the son of Jesse + +"Son of Jesse" is a metonym for David, a son of Jesse. Having an inheritance in someone represents being his descendants and receiving the good things that descendants receive. AT: "We will not receive any inheritance from the son of Jesse" or "We will have nothing to do with the his descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Each of you should go back to his tent + +"Tent" is a metonym representing people's homes. AT: "Go to your homes, people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Now see to your own house, David + +Here "see to" is an idiom meaning to take care of something, and "house" is a metonym for David's lineage of power and prestige. AT: "Now take care of your own kingdom, descendant of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/17.md b/2ch/10/17.md index 051c9c3064..4da2639615 100644 --- a/2ch/10/17.md +++ b/2ch/10/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Adoniram ## +# Adoniram -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Adoniram is the name of a man. In the Hebrew text of this sentence, his name was written as Adoram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## to this day ## +# who was over the forced laborers -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md) \ No newline at end of file +Being over people represents having authority to tell them what to do. AT: "who was in charge of the forced laborers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stoned him to death with stones + +"killed Adoniram by stoning him" + +# against the house of David + +Here "the house of David" represents the kings who were descendants of David. AT: "against the kings descended from David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to this day + +This refers to the general time when the author wrote this book. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md). AT: "even now" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/10/intro.md b/2ch/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a0b66ded53 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This begins a section on King Rehoboam. (2 Chronicles 10-12) + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations through the use of indentation. The ULB indents the lines of 10:14-15. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Rehoboam's taxes ##### +The people asked Solomon's son, Rehoboam, to reduce the heavy taxes and the forced labor Solomon had demanded but Rehoboam refused. He lacked the wisdom to follow the advice of the men who had been councilors of his father Solomon. So the ten northern tribes broke off and made Jeroboam their king. They were called "Israel" and Rehoboam's kingdom was called Judah. This will cause confusion between the the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The people use the metaphor of a yoke to complain about the high taxes and forced labor Solomon demanded from the people. They said, "Your father made our yoke difficult." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/01.md b/2ch/11/01.md index 095d66323e..68ef08f701 100644 --- a/2ch/11/01.md +++ b/2ch/11/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## chosen men who soldiers ## +# the house of Judah and Benjamin -AT: "of the best men were soldiers" \ No newline at end of file +Here "house" is a metonym that represents a tribe or descendants and refers specifically to the soldiers from the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. AT: "all the soldiers from the tribes of Judah and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# 180,000 chosen men + +"one hundred and eighty thousand chosen men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# chosen men who were soldiers + +"choice men who were soldiers." The phrase "chosen men" is an idiom that refers to elite soldiers who were skilled in battle. AT: "of the best soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/02.md b/2ch/11/02.md index a114bca1f1..478166e449 100644 --- a/2ch/11/02.md +++ b/2ch/11/02.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Shemaiah ## +# the word of Yahweh came ... saying -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. AT: "Yahweh spoke this message ... and he said" or "Yahweh spoke these words ... and he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Shemaiah + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the man of God + +The expression "man of God" is a respectful way of referring to a prophet of Yahweh. AT: "the man who belongs to God" or "the prophet of God" + +# all Israel in Judah and Benjamin + +Here the word "Israel" refers to the Israelite people who live in the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. AT: "all of the Israelites in the tribes of Judah and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your brothers + +This is a reference to the ten northern tribes. By calling them "brothers," Yahweh emphasizes the family relationship between all of the tribes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/05.md b/2ch/11/05.md index 3673c95dae..51ff9f54df 100644 --- a/2ch/11/05.md +++ b/2ch/11/05.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# Rehoboam lived in Jerusalem and built cities + +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Rehoboam build these cities. AT: "Rehoboam lived in Jerusalem and had his workers build cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Etam, Tekoa ... Zorah, Aijalon + +All of the names in this list refer to cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/11.md b/2ch/11/11.md index 4d99dd7f13..0f181dbeb5 100644 --- a/2ch/11/11.md +++ b/2ch/11/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## victuals ## +# He fortified the fortresses -AT: "food and drink" +Here the word "fortresses" refers to fortified cities. That Rehoboam "fortified the fortresses" means that he built up and strengthened the defenses of these fortified cities. AT: "He strengthened the defenses of the fortified cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Judah and Benjamin belonged to him. ## +# made them very strong -Rehoboam was in control of the territories of Judah and Benjamin. \ No newline at end of file +"made the cities very strong" + +# Judah and Benjamin belonged to him + +Rehoboam was in control of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/13.md b/2ch/11/13.md index 4e6b8a9abb..3f553c5490 100644 --- a/2ch/11/13.md +++ b/2ch/11/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## The priests and Levites who were in all Israel went over to him ## +# The priests and the Levites ... went over to him from within their borders -AT: "The priests and Levites fled Israel, the northern kingdom to go to Judah. +Possible meanings are 1) "The priests and Levites ... supported Rehoboam from within their borders" or 2) "The priests and Levites ... traveled from within their borders to join Rehoboam." -## pasturelands ## +# pasturelands -Lands used for animals. \ No newline at end of file +lands used for animals + +# Jeroboam and his sons had driven them away + +To "drive away" is an idiom that means to forcefully cause someone to leave. AT: "Jeroboam and his sons had forced them to leave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the goat and calf idols he had made + +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Jeroboam make these idols. AT: "the goat idols and calf idols that he had his craftsmen make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/16.md b/2ch/11/16.md index 499f46292c..e05c3906b1 100644 --- a/2ch/11/16.md +++ b/2ch/11/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## People from all the tribes of Israel came after them ## +# People ... came after them -The people from the tribes belonging to the northern kingdom who still worshipped the Lord God fled to Judah. +"People ... followed the Levites" or "People ... came to Jerusalem after the Levites" -## set their hearts to seek Yahweh ## +# those who set their hearts to seek Yahweh -AT: "who desire to worship Yahweh" +Here the word "hearts" represents the thoughts and desires. The idiom "set their hearts" means to determine to do something. AT: "those who had determined to seek Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## for they walked in the path of David and Solomon ## +# to seek Yahweh -AT: "for they followed the example of David and Solomon" \ No newline at end of file +Worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking Yahweh. AT: "to worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# made Rehoboam son of Solomon strong + +The people supporting Rehoboam as king is spoken of as if they made Rehoboam strong. AT: "supported Rehoboam son of Solomon as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they walked for three years in the way of David and Solomon + +Here a person's actions and lifestyle are spoken of as if the person were walking along a path. AT: "they followed the example of David and Solomon for three years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/18.md b/2ch/11/18.md index 3673c95dae..5546ca73b2 100644 --- a/2ch/11/18.md +++ b/2ch/11/18.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# Mahalath ... Abihail + +These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jerimoth ... Eliab ... Jeush, Shemariah, and Zaham + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/20.md b/2ch/11/20.md index 3673c95dae..7ff4141973 100644 --- a/2ch/11/20.md +++ b/2ch/11/20.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# Mahalath ... Maacah + +These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Rehoboam took Maacah + +This idiom means that he married her. AT: "Rehoboam married Maacah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Abijah, Attai, Ziza, and Shelomith + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# eighteen wives and sixty concubines ... twenty-eight sons and sixty daughters + +"18 wives and 60 concubines ... 28 sons and 60 daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/22.md b/2ch/11/22.md index 3673c95dae..e208f8ac89 100644 --- a/2ch/11/22.md +++ b/2ch/11/22.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# he had the thought of making him king + +"he had thought of making Abijah king" + +# he scattered all his sons throughout all the land of Judah and Benjamin to every fortified city + +"he sent all his sons throughout all the land to every fortified city of Judah and Benjamin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/11/intro.md b/2ch/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3b0bebe618 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The section on King Rehoboam continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Strengthening their defenses ##### +Rehoboam strengthened the defenses of Judah. Without the help of the northern tribes, the kingdom of Judah did not really have much power to defend itself from outside attacks. Therefore, Rehoboam felt it necessary to strengthen Judah's military defenses. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Israel ##### +When the author speaks about Israel, he is now referring almost exclusively to the northern kingdom of Israel and not the united nation of Israel. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/01.md b/2ch/12/01.md index 263fc0f828..ba6ece265b 100644 --- a/2ch/12/01.md +++ b/2ch/12/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## It came about, when ## +# It came about -"It came about" marks a point of special significance in the story. At: "At the very time when" +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## and all Israel with him ## +# when Rehoboam's reign was established -AT: "and both Israel and Judah followed him in his sin." Israel also includes Judah here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] ) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "when Rehoboam had established his reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all Israel with him + +Here the words "all Israel" refer specifically to the people of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, over which Rehoboam was king. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "all the Israelite people whom he ruled also abandoned the law of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/02.md b/2ch/12/02.md index b3c9228c33..d60dd3c34d 100644 --- a/2ch/12/02.md +++ b/2ch/12/02.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# It happened -## came up against ## +This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -AT: "came to attack" +# in the fifth year of King Rehoboam -## Soldiers without number ## +This refers to the fifth year of Rehoboam's reign as king. AT: "in the 5th year that Rehoboam was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -AT: "Many soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Shishak, king of Egypt, came up against Jerusalem + +"Shishak, king of Egypt" is a metonym for Shishak along with the Egyptian army. AT: "Shishak, king of Egypt, and his army with him, came up against Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Shishak + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# came up against + +This is an idiom that means marched against or attacked. AT: "came to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# twelve hundred chariots and sixty thousand horsemen + +"1,200 chariots and 60,000 horsemen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Soldiers without number + +This exaggeration means that there were more soldiers than a person could easily count. AT: "Many soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Libyans, Sukkites, and Cushites + +These are people from Libya, Sukki, and Ethiopia. The location of Sukki is uncertain, but it may be a region in Libya. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/05.md b/2ch/12/05.md index f1206c3b50..1aef7869f7 100644 --- a/2ch/12/05.md +++ b/2ch/12/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Shemaiah -## so I have also given you over into Shishak's hand ## +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this word in [2 Chronicles 11:2](../11/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "so I have given you to Shishak as captives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] ) \ No newline at end of file +# so I have also given you over into Shishak's hand + +Here the word "hand" represents power. Yahweh speaks of enabling Shishak's army to defeat the king and the others in Jerusalem as if he were placing them into Shishak's hand. AT: "so I have enabled Shishak to defeat you" or "so I have given you to Shishak as captives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/07.md b/2ch/12/07.md index b198ebf59a..7f33fbfca8 100644 --- a/2ch/12/07.md +++ b/2ch/12/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## they had humbled themselves, ## +# they had humbled themselves -AT: "the king and the other leaders of Israel had humbled themselves," - The king and other leaders are symbolic of all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"the princes of Israel and the king had humbled themselves" -## I will rescue them to some extent ## +# the word of Yahweh came ... saying -AT: "I will rescue them from complete destruction" +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. AT: "Yahweh spoke this message ... and he said" or "Yahweh spoke these words ... and he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## my anger will not pour out on ## +# I will rescue them to some extent -AT: "I will not completely express my anger against them" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will permit Shishak to attack Jerusalem and cause trouble for the people, but he will rescue them from total destruction or 2) the words "to some extent" can be translated as soon, meaning that Yahweh will rescue the people of Jerusalem before Shishak can completely destroy the city. + +# my anger will not pour out on Jerusalem + +Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a liquid, and of expressing his anger as if he were to pour out that liquid. AT: "I will not express my anger against Jerusalem" or "Jerusalem will not suffer the effects of my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by means of Shishak's hand + +Here the word "hand" represents Shishak himself. AT: "by means of Shishak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/09.md b/2ch/12/09.md index 1b2082a729..2fc1149955 100644 --- a/2ch/12/09.md +++ b/2ch/12/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## entrusted them into the hands of the commanders ## +# Shishak, king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem -AT: "gave them to the commanders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Shishak, king of Egypt" is a metonym for Shishak along with the Egyptian army. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 12:2](./02.md). AT: "Shishak, king of Egypt, and his army with him, came up against Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# came up against + +This is an idiom that means marched against or attacked. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 12:2](./02.md). AT: "came to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the house of Yahweh + +Here the word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the shields of gold that Solomon had made + +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon make these shields. AT: "the shields of gold that Solomon had his craftsmen make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# King Rehoboam made shields of bronze + +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Rehoboam make these shields. AT: "King Rehoboam had his craftsmen make shields of bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in their place + +"in place of the shields of gold" + +# entrusted them into the hands of the commanders + +Here the word "hands" represents care or responsibility. AT: "made them the responsibility of the commanders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who guarded the doors to the king's house + +Here the word "doors" represents the entrance. AT: "who guarded the entrance to the king's house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/11.md b/2ch/12/11.md index aec8757985..fbfd6399bc 100644 --- a/2ch/12/11.md +++ b/2ch/12/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## "It happened that whenever" - ## +# It happened that -** marks a time of special significance in the story. Many languages have a way to mark this significant time phrase. +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Yahweh's anger turned away from him, so as not to destroy him completely; ## +# the guards would carry them -AT: "Yahweh was no longer angry with him and, thus, did not destroy him completely;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"the guards would carry the shields" -## besides, ## +# Yahweh's anger turned away from him, so as not to destroy him completely -"in addition," \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh no longer being angry with Rehoboam is spoken of as if Yahweh's anger were a person who turned away from Rehoboam. AT: "Yahweh was no longer angry with him and so did not destroy him completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# besides + +"in addition" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/13.md b/2ch/12/13.md index 1db7b90a8e..f949b3e120 100644 --- a/2ch/12/13.md +++ b/2ch/12/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## so that he might put his name there. ## +# forty-one years old ... seventeen years -AT: "so that he would always be honored there." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"41 years old ... 17 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## he did not fix his heart to seek Yahweh ## +# so that he might put his name there -AT: "he did not have the desire and strength to obey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings for the phrase "put his name" are 1) a metonym for "dwell." AT: "so that he might dwell there" or 2) an idiom that refers to ownership. AT: "so that it might belong to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Naamah + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he did not fix his heart to seek Yahweh + +Here the word "heart" represents the thoughts and desires. The idiom "fix his heart" means to determine to do something. AT: "he was not committed to seeking Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to seek Yahweh + +Worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking Yahweh. AT: "to worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/15.md b/2ch/12/15.md index 3112ddd179..4f155fa888 100644 --- a/2ch/12/15.md +++ b/2ch/12/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# first and last -## first and last, ## +"from beginning to end." These two words form a merism and refer to everything that Rehoboam did from the beginning of his reign to the end of his reign. AT: "everything that he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -"everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# are they not written ... Jeroboam? -## are they not written in the writings of Shemaiah ## +This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "they are written ... Jeroboam." or "you can read about them ... Jeroboam." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "they are recorded in the Record of Shemaiah." These writings no longer exist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Shemaiah ... Iddo ... Abijah -## Rehoboam slept with his ancestors ## +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "Rehoboam died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the constant wars between Rehoboam and Jeroboam + +The names of the kings represent the armies that they led. AT: "the wars in which Rehoboam's army and Jeroboam's army constantly engaged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Rehoboam slept with his ancestors + +Rehoboam dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. AT: "Rehoboam died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# was buried in the city of David + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people buried him in the city of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Rehoboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/12/intro.md b/2ch/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5d37fa5e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter ends the section on King Rehoboam. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Worshiping Yahweh ##### + +The safety of Israel and Judah was dependent upon the people worshiping Yahweh and not upon their military power. Because Rehoboam deserted the worship of God, God allowed the king of Egypt to take all of the wealth Solomon stored up. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/01.md b/2ch/13/01.md index e71d3d7951..03b4f0e266 100644 --- a/2ch/13/01.md +++ b/2ch/13/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Maacah, the daughter of Uriel of Gibeah ## +# In the eighteenth year of King Jeroboam -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the eighteenth year of Jeroboam's reign as king. AT: "In the 18th year that Jeroboam was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Macaiah, the daughter of Uriel of Gibeah + +"Macaiah" is the name of a woman. "Uriel" is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# There was war between Abijah and Jeroboam + +The names of the kings represent the armies that they led. AT: "There was war between the army of Abijah and the army of Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# 400,000 chosen men ... 800,000 chosen men + +"Four hundred thousand chosen men ... eight hundred thousand chosen men." The phrase "chosen men" is an idiom that refers to elite soldiers who were skilled in battle. AT: "400,000 skilled men ... 800,000 skilled men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/04.md b/2ch/13/04.md index 92e378ff6b..d2346b3928 100644 --- a/2ch/13/04.md +++ b/2ch/13/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Mount Zemaraim ## +# Mount Zemaraim (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Do you not know that Yahweh, the God of Israel, gave the rule over Israel to David forever, to him and to his sons by a formal covenant? ## +# Do you not know ... by a formal covenant? -AT: "You know that Yahweh made a promise that David and his sons would rule Israel forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Abijah asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know very well ... by a formal covenant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/06.md b/2ch/13/06.md index 367d02bf5e..4ee54c485d 100644 --- a/2ch/13/06.md +++ b/2ch/13/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## son of Nebat ## +# base fellows -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"wicked men" or "evil men" -## base fellows ## +# gathered to him -AT: "corrupt, immoral men" - -## gathered to him ## - -AT: "joined with Jeroboam" \ No newline at end of file +"joined with Jeroboam" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/08.md b/2ch/13/08.md index 4eb68d88c1..3ecec3f1ce 100644 --- a/2ch/13/08.md +++ b/2ch/13/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## the golden that Jeroboam made as gods ## +# the kingdom of Yahweh -This is a reference to idols. +This is a reference to a united Israel as it existed in the time of David and Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Have you not driven out Yahweh’s priests, the descendants of Aaron, and the Levites? ## +# that is held within the hand of the descendants of David -AT: "​You have driven out Yahweh's priests, the descendants of Aaron and Levi." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here the word "hand" represents authority and possession. Abijah is claiming that only the descendants of David have the rightful authority to rule Yahweh's kingdom. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the descendants of David hold within their hand" or "which only the descendants of David have the authority to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Have you not made for yourselves priests like the peoples of the lands do? ​ ## +# the golden calves that Jeroboam made -AT: "You have chosen the priests you want, like the people of other nations do." +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that Jeroboam had others make the golden calves. AT: "the golden calves that Jeroboam had his craftsmen make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Whoever comes to consecrate himself with a young bull and seven rams may become a priest of what are not gods​ ## +# But did you not drive out ... as the people of other lands do? -AT: "Anyone who offers a young bull and seven rams may become a priest of these golden calves that are not gods." \ No newline at end of file +Abijah asks this rhetorical question to rebuke the people and to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "But you drive out ... as the people of other lands do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Whoever comes to serve as a priest + +"Anyone who comes to serve as a priest" + +# a priest of what are not gods + +The phrase "what are not gods" refers to the golden calves that Jeroboam had his craftsmen make. Although the priests served them as if they were gods, they were not really gods. AT: "a priest of idols that are not really gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/10.md b/2ch/13/10.md index 820a26737d..96f58cd20b 100644 --- a/2ch/13/10.md +++ b/2ch/13/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## who are at their work ## +# as for us -AT: "who are working" +The word "us" refers to the people of the southern kingdom of Judah. -## bread of presence ## +# who are at their work -The “bread of the presence” was a special kind of bread that was made as a symbol of God's presence and of his fellowship with his people. +The word "work" can be translated with a verb. AT: "who are working" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## they also tend the lampstand ## +# the bread of the presence -AT: "they also take care of the lampstand" \ No newline at end of file +The "bread of the presence" refers to twelve loaves of bread that the priests placed on a golden table in the tabernacle or temple building as a sacrifice to God and as a symbol of God's presence. + +# they also tend the lampstand + +"they also take care of the lampstand" + +# for them to burn every evening + +"so that the lamps burn every evening" or "and light the lamps every evening" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/12.md b/2ch/13/12.md index 6bcb980e47..313163180a 100644 --- a/2ch/13/12.md +++ b/2ch/13/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## do not fight against Yahweh ## +# God is with us at our head -AT: "do not rebel against Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the front of the army is spoken of as if it were the head. Abijah is saying that God is the one who is leading the army of Judah in battle. AT: "God is with us as our leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not fight against Yahweh + +Since Yahweh is leading the army of Judah, Abijah speaks of the army of Israel fighting against the army of Judah as if they were fighting against Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/13.md b/2ch/13/13.md index ff693cf1c1..492e78e1e2 100644 --- a/2ch/13/13.md +++ b/2ch/13/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## ambush behind them​ ## +# an ambush behind them -AT: "a surprise attack behind the army of Judah" +"a surprise attack behind the army of Judah" -## the ambush was behind them ## +# the ambush was behind them -AT: "the surprise attack was behind the army of Judah" +"the soldiers who were to attack them by surprise were behind them" -## ​cried out to Yahweh ## +# When Judah looked back -AT: "called out loudly to Yahweh" +Here "Judah" represents the soldiers in the army of Judah. AT: "When the soldiers of Judah looked back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## it came about that God struck ## +# behold -AT: "God struck" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "behold" here shows that the soldiers were surprised by what they saw. + +# the fighting was both in front of them and behind them + +The word "fighting" can be translated as a verb. AT: "the army of Israel was fighting them from the front and from the back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# God struck Jeroboam and all Israel before Abijah and Judah + +God enabling the army of Judah to defeat Jeroboam and the army of Israel is spoken of as if God struck Jeroboam and Israel. AT: "God enabled Abijah and the army of Judah to defeat Jeroboam and all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all Israel + +Here the word "Israel" refers to the army. AT: "the entire army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/16.md b/2ch/13/16.md index a4fc66ad40..b766a38e1b 100644 --- a/2ch/13/16.md +++ b/2ch/13/16.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# fled before Judah + +Here the word "Judah" represents the army of Judah. AT: "fled before the army of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God gave them into the hand of Judah + +Here the word "hand" represents power. God enabling the army of Judah to defeat the army of Israel is spoken of as if God had put the army of Israel in the hand of the army of Judah. AT: "God enabled Judah to defeat the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# killed them with great slaughter + +This idiom means that they thoroughly defeated them, or that they killed very many of the soldiers. AT: "thoroughly defeated them" or "slaughtered many of their soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# 500,000 chosen men + +"five hundred thousand chosen men." The phrase "chosen men" is an idiom that refers to elite soldiers who were skilled in battle. AT: "500,000 of the best soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the people of Israel were subdued + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the army of Judah subdued the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/19.md b/2ch/13/19.md index 50dc9f3285..c5a45f6996 100644 --- a/2ch/13/19.md +++ b/2ch/13/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## pursued ## +# pursued -AT: "chased after" +"chased after" -## Jeshanah with its villages, and Ephron with its villages - ## +# Jeshanah ... Ephron -** Jeshanah and Ephron were villages that belonged to the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Yahweh struck him, and he died + +Yahweh causing Jeroboam to die is spoken of as if Yahweh struck Jeroboam. It is possible that this refers to Yahweh causing Jeroboam to become ill. AT: "Yahweh caused Jeroboam to die" or "Yahweh caused Jeroboam to become ill, and he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he took fourteen wives for himself + +The idiom "took ... wives" means that he married. AT: "he married fourteen women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# fourteen wives ... twenty-two sons and sixteen daughters + +"14 wives ... 22 sons and 16 daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# his behavior, and words + +"his behavior, and his sayings" or "his behavior, and the things that he said" + +# are written in the history of the prophet Iddo + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "are in the history that the prophet Iddo wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/13/intro.md b/2ch/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..99ae7c5c96 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 13 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +Trusting in God, King Abijah of Judah was able to overcome the army of Israel even though it was twice as big as his army. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/14/01.md b/2ch/14/01.md index b5d7b80d68..8934265407 100644 --- a/2ch/14/01.md +++ b/2ch/14/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Abijah slept with his ancestors- ## +# Abijah slept with his ancestors -** AT: "Abijah died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Abijah dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. AT: "Abijah died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## In his days ## +# they buried him -AT: "During his reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"people buried him" -## the land was quiet ten years- ## +# became king in his place -** AT: 'there was peace in the land for ten years" +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Abijah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the eyes of Yahweh his God ## +# In his days -AT: "according to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +"During his reign" + +# the land was quiet ten years + +There being no war is spoken of as if the land were quiet. AT: "there was peace in the land for ten years" or "there was no war in the land for ten years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# what was good and right in the eyes of Yahweh his God + +The word "eyes" here represents seeing, and seeing represents judgment. Yahweh saw and approved of Asa's actions. AT: "what Yahweh judged to be good and right" or "what Yahweh considered to be good and right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He broke down the stone pillars and cut down the Asherah poles + +Since Asa was king, he may have told his officials to do these things. AT: "He had his people break down the stone pillars and cut down the Asherah poles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He commanded Judah to seek Yahweh + +Here the word "Judah" represents the people of Judah. Worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if it were seeking him. AT: "He commanded the people of Judah to worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/14/05.md b/2ch/14/05.md index 0e43bfdc0f..436a30e9b9 100644 --- a/2ch/14/05.md +++ b/2ch/14/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## he took away from all the cities of Judah the shrines and the incense altars ## +# he took away the high places ... He built fortified cities -AT: "Asa had all the shrines and altars that were used for worshipping false gods in Judah destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +Since Asa was king, he may have told his officials to do these things. AT: "he had his people take away the high places ... He had his workers build fortified cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the land was quiet, and he had no war ## +# The kingdom had rest under him -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +There being no war is spoken of as if the kingdom had rest. AT: "The kingdom had peace under him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# under him + +"under his reign." A king ruling a kingdom is spoken of as if the king is over the kingdom or the kingdom is under the king. AT: "during his reign" or "while he was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land was quiet + +There being no war is spoken of as if the land were quiet. AT: "there was peace in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/14/07.md b/2ch/14/07.md index 1026935204..29901d0034 100644 --- a/2ch/14/07.md +++ b/2ch/14/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +# Asa said to Judah -## Asa said to Judah ## +Here "Judah" refers to the people of Judah. AT: "Asa said to the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "Asa said to the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] ) +# peace on every side -## we have sought Yahweh our God ## +"peace all around." This means that Judah was at peace with all of the surrounding nations. -AT: "we have asked Yahweh our God to help us" \ No newline at end of file +# So they built + +The ellipsis may be supplied from the context. AT: "So they built the cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# 300,000 men ... 280,000 men + +"three hundred thousand men ... two hundred and eighty thousand men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/14/09.md b/2ch/14/09.md index eea3176116..8265524db6 100644 --- a/2ch/14/09.md +++ b/2ch/14/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +# Zerah -## Mareshah ## +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This was a city in Judah. +# one million soldiers and three hundred chariots -## do not let man defeat you ## +"1,000,000 soldiers and 300 chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -AT: "do not let others to defeat your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Mareshah ... the Valley of Zephathah + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Asa went out to meet him + +Here "Asa" represents both the king and the army that he led into battle. It is implicit that he went out to meet him in battle. AT: "Asa led his army out to meet him in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in your name + +Here "name" represents Yahweh's authority. AT: "on your behalf" or "by your authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do not let man defeat you + +Since the army of Judah is fighting in Yahweh's name, Asa speaks of Zerah defeating Judah as if Zerah were to defeat Yahweh himself. AT: "do not let man defeat your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/14/12.md b/2ch/14/12.md index 2bb6d59a94..c12dbb20d2 100644 --- a/2ch/14/12.md +++ b/2ch/14/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Ethiopians fell ## +# Yahweh struck the Cushites before Asa and Judah -AT: "Ethiopians died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +God enabling the army of Judah to defeat the Cushites is spoken of as if God struck the Cushites. AT: "God enabled Asa and the army of Judah to defeat the Cushites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So many Cushites fell that they could not recover + +Possible meanings are 1) "So many Cushites died that the army could not recover" or 2) "So many Cushites died that there were none who remained alive." + +# So many Cushites fell + +Here to "fall" is a euphemism for dying in battle. AT: "So many Cushites died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# for they were completely destroyed before Yahweh and his army + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for Yahweh's army completely destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/14/14.md b/2ch/14/14.md index a4fc66ad40..44a749cad0 100644 --- a/2ch/14/14.md +++ b/2ch/14/14.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# for terror of Yahweh had come on the inhabitants + +The inhabitants of the villages being terrified is spoken of as if terror were an object that came upon them. Possible meanings are 1) "terror of Yahweh" refers to terror from Yahweh. AT: "for Yahweh had caused the inhabitants to be terrified" or 2) "terror of Yahweh" refers to being terrified of Yahweh. AT: "for the inhabitants were terrified of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/14/intro.md b/2ch/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fb71e2d0fa --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the section about King Asa. (2 Chronicles 14-16) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +Trusting in Yahweh, Asa was able to defeat million men of the army of Nubia. Trust in Yahweh is more important than military might. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/01.md b/2ch/15/01.md index c330765f53..ae6ad9a4ee 100644 --- a/2ch/15/01.md +++ b/2ch/15/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## The spirit of God came on Azariah ## +# The Spirit of God came on Azariah -AT: "The spirit of God gave Azariah the ability to prophesy" +This is an idiom which means that the spirit of God influenced Azariah and enabled him to prophesy. AT: "The Spirit of God gave Azariah the ability to prophesy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Obed ## +# Oded -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he will be found by you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will find him" or "he will permit you to find him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/03.md b/2ch/15/03.md index 973546a2fb..41d8a0ee0c 100644 --- a/2ch/15/03.md +++ b/2ch/15/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Israel was without the true God- ## +# Israel was without the true God -** Israel had stopped obeying God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] ) +Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. This refers to a time when the people of Israel did not worship the true God. AT: "The people of Israel did not worship the true God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## without a teaching priest ## +# without a teaching priest -AT: "without a priest able to teach them" +"without a priest who taught them" -## he was found by them ## +# he was found by them -AT: "God responded to the Isrealites' search for Him." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they found him" or "he permitted them to find him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for him who traveled away, nor for him who traveled to here + +This phrase is an idiom that refers to a person who travels anywhere away from home. AT: "for the person who traveled anywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# great troubles were on all the inhabitants of the lands + +The people experiencing great troubles is spoken of as if those troubles were objects that were on the people. AT: "all the inhabitants of the lands experienced great troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/06.md b/2ch/15/06.md index 99dfd1bfc5..b312b4900f 100644 --- a/2ch/15/06.md +++ b/2ch/15/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## They were broken in pieces, nation against nation, and city against city, ## +# They were broken in pieces, nation against nation, and city against city -AT: "They were defeated by other nations and cities" \ No newline at end of file +The word "they" refers to the words "nation" and "city." Conquering one another is spoken of as if they were breaking each other into pieces. AT: "Nations and cities destroyed each other, nations fighting nations, cities fighting cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They were broken in pieces, nation against nation, and city against city + +Here "nation" and "city" are metonyms for the people who live there. You may also supply a connecting word to clarify the relationship between these two phrases. AT: "Nations and cities destroyed each other, as the people of one nation fought against the people of another nation, and the people of one city fought against the people of another city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# do not let your hands be weak + +Here the word "hands" represents the people who work. AT: "do not become weak as you work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for your work will be rewarded + +This can be stated in active form. Yahweh is the implied subject. AT: "for Yahweh will reward your work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/08.md b/2ch/15/08.md index 06ac57419c..f0a644823c 100644 --- a/2ch/15/08.md +++ b/2ch/15/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## drove away the disgusting things ## +# When Asa heard these words, the prophecy of Oded the prophet -AT: "removed the idols" +"When Asa heard the words that Oded the prophet spoke" or "When Asa heard the prophecy of Oded the prophet." The phrase "the prophecy of Oded the prophet" defines "these words." -## Yahweh his God was with him ## +# the prophecy of Oded the prophet -AT: "Yahweh was helping him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Many versions, including the UDB, make this passage read, "the prophecy of Azariah, the son of Oded the prophet." They do this in order to make the sense agree with [2 Chronicles 15:1](./01.md). Translators will probably want to do the same in their versions. + +# drove away the disgusting things + +The words "the disgusting things" refers to idols. Having his people remove or destroy the idols is spoken of as if it were driving them away. AT: "got rid of the disgusting idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He gathered all Judah and Benjamin + +Here the word "all" is a generalization. The phrase means that David assembled people from all over Judah and Benjamin. AT: "He gathered together people from all over Judah and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# For they came from Israel + +"For people from of Ephraim, Manasseh, and Simeon came from Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/10.md b/2ch/15/10.md index 26713aaa2d..99516031fd 100644 --- a/2ch/15/10.md +++ b/2ch/15/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## So they gathered together ## +# So they gathered together "They" here refers to the tribes of Judah and Israel that were with Asa. -## the third month ## +# the third month -[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]] \ No newline at end of file +This is the third month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of May and the first part of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# third ... fifteenth + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# some of the plunder that they had brought + +This refers to the plunder that they had taken from the villages around Gerar in [2 Chronicles 14:14](../14/14.md). + +# seven hundred ... seven thousand + +"700 ... 7,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/12.md b/2ch/15/12.md index bd30bc5fd5..554c6e841a 100644 --- a/2ch/15/12.md +++ b/2ch/15/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## with all their heart and with all their soul ## +# with all their heart and with all their soul -AT: "honestly and completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Together, these two phrases form an idiomatic expression that refers to a person's entire being. AT: "with all their beings" or "wholeheartedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## be put to death ## +# be put to death -AT: "be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "should die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whether the person was small or great + +Possible meanings are 1) a person's importance within the community is spoken of as if the person were small or great. AT: "whether the person was important or not" or 2) a young person is spoken of as if he were small and an old person is spoken of as if he were great. AT: "whether the person was young or old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/14.md b/2ch/15/14.md index a98007846f..54f4c5021e 100644 --- a/2ch/15/14.md +++ b/2ch/15/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## he was found by them ## +# All Judah rejoiced -See how you translated this in II Chronicles 15:4 +Here the word "all" is a generalization. The phrase means that people from all over Judah rejoiced. AT: "People all over Judah rejoiced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## All Judah rejoiced ## +# with all their heart -AT: "Many of the people who lived in Judah rejoiced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +The idiom "with all their heart" means "with complete devotion." AT: "with complete devotion" or "wholeheartedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he was found by them + +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 15:4](./03.md). AT: "they found him" or "he permitted them to find him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/16.md b/2ch/15/16.md index 02a0ce97c4..406883489a 100644 --- a/2ch/15/16.md +++ b/2ch/15/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# a disgusting figure -## a disgusting figure ## +This phrase refers to an idol. -AT: "an idol" +# Asa cut down the disgusting figure, ground it ... and burned it -## Asa’s heart was completely devoted all his days ## +Since Asa was king, he may have told his officials to cut down the figure. AT: "Asa made his workers cut down the disgusting figure, grind it ... and burn it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "Asa obeyed and followed Yaweh his whole life" \ No newline at end of file +# But the high places were not taken out of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But Asa did not command the people to take the high places out of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Asa's heart was completely devoted + +The heart represents the person. AT: "Asa was completely devoted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all his days + +This refers to the whole period of time that Asa lived. AT: "the whole time that he lived" or "throughout his whole life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/18.md b/2ch/15/18.md index a4fc66ad40..3a16577716 100644 --- a/2ch/15/18.md +++ b/2ch/15/18.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# the house of God + +Here the word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the thirty-fifth year + +"the 35th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/15/intro.md b/2ch/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a7ca0c77a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The section about King Asa continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Promise ##### +The people promise to serve the Lord. This is something they will ultimately fail to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### + +The phrase "seek Yahweh" means "wanting to believe and obey Yahweh." This is a common way to describe proper worship of Yahweh. It is possible the meaning of this idiom is about a desire to properly worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/16/01.md b/2ch/16/01.md index 30252d2221..b044c82258 100644 --- a/2ch/16/01.md +++ b/2ch/16/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## built up Ramah ## +# the thirty-sixth year -Here "built up" means to build walls around a city so that the city can be defended from attackers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the 36th year" or "year 36" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# built up Ramah + +It is implied that the army of Baasha first captured Ramah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "captured and fortified Ramah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that he might not allow anyone to + +"so that no one could" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/16/02.md b/2ch/16/02.md index 463a9d4895..e0ac1331cd 100644 --- a/2ch/16/02.md +++ b/2ch/16/02.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## Benhadad ## +# Then Asa brought the silver ... of the king's house, and sent it -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Asa would have had his workers gather the gold and silver for him. AT: "Then Asa told his workers to take the silver ... of the king's house, and to take it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## leave me alone ## +# Ben Hadad -AT: "not attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] ) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He said + +This means he spoke by means of his servants. Asa told his servants what to say to Ben Hadad and they did. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "Asa told his servants to say to Ben Hadad" or "Through his servants, Asa said to Ben Hadad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let there be a covenant between me and you ... between my father and your father + +A covenant being between two people represents those two people having a covenant with each other. AT: "Let us have a covenant with each other ... with my father and your father" or "Let us make a peace treaty ... with my father and your father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Look + +This adds emphasis to what follows and validates what was just said. AT: "As proof that I want a treaty with you" + +# Break your covenant with Baasha, king of Israel + +Breaking a covenant represents canceling it and not doing what one has promised to do. AT: "Cancel your covenant with Baasha king of Israel" or "Do not be loyal to Baasha king of Israel as you promised in your covenant with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Break your covenant with Baasha, king of Israel + +Asa wanted Ben Hadad to attack Israel. Ben Hadad could only do that if he broke his covenant with the king of Israel. The meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Break your covenant with Baasha, king of Israel, and attack Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# leave me alone + +This is an idiom. Here Asa speaks of himself to represent himself along with his army. AT: "not attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/16/04.md b/2ch/16/04.md index 19ae22aa86..b046d74a56 100644 --- a/2ch/16/04.md +++ b/2ch/16/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## sent the commanders of his armies against the cities ## +# sent the commanders of his armies against the cities -AT: "sent his armies to attack the cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here Asa's armies are represented by their commanders. AT: "sent his armies to attack the cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Ijon, Dan, Abelmaim…storage cities of Naphtali ## +# Ijon, Dan, Abel Maim -These are cities in Israel. +These are the names of cities in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## let his work cease ## +# It came about that -AT: "he commanded his troops to stop fortifying Ramah and doing other work there. " (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## timbers ## +# he stopped building up Ramah, and let his work cease -Timbers are large pieces of wood used to build houses or walls. \ No newline at end of file +Here Asa represents himself and his army. "his work" refers to other work that his workers were doing in Ramah. AT: "he commanded his army to stop fortifying Ramah and doing other work there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# took all Judah + +This refers to all the men who live in Judah. AT: "took all the men of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# timbers + +Timbers are large pieces of wood used to build houses or walls. + +# Baasha had been + +Here "Baasha" refers to his workers. AT: "Baasha's workers had been" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# building up ... to build up + +"fortifying ... to fortify" + +# Then King Asa used + +Here "King Asa" represents his workers. AT: "Then King Asa had his workers use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Geba + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/16/07.md b/2ch/16/07.md index a318019d95..8a00fc5833 100644 --- a/2ch/16/07.md +++ b/2ch/16/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Hanani ## +# Hanani -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Were not the Ethiopians and the Libyans huge army, with very many chariots and horsemen? ## +# out of your hand -AT: "The Ethiopians and the Libyans were a huge army, with very many chariots and horsemen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the king's "hand" refers to his control. This means that his army was unable to conquer the king of Aram's army. AT: "from you" or "from your control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Were not the Cushites and the Libyans a huge army, with very many chariots and horsemen? + +Hanani uses this rhetorical question to remind Asa of a previous victory. This can be written as a statement. AT: "The Cushites and the Libyans were a huge army, with very many chariots and horsemen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Libyans + +These are people from Libya. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he gave you victory + +This means that king Asa's army was able to defeat the opposing army. AT: "he gave your army victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/16/09.md b/2ch/16/09.md index cd13ac760f..54bf492cf1 100644 --- a/2ch/16/09.md +++ b/2ch/16/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the eyes of Yahweh everywhere ## +# the eyes of Yahweh run everywhere throughout the whole earth -AT: "Yahweh sees what is happening all over the earth," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This speaks of Yahweh seeing everything that happens everywhere as if his eyes were a person that ran all over the earth. AT: "Yahweh sees what is happening all over the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## so that he might show himself strong on behalf of ## +# so that he might show himself strong on behalf of -AT: "and Yahweh protects with his strength" +This means that Yahweh shows people that he is strong by protecting his people. AT: "and Yahweh protects with his strength" or "so that he may show his strength by protecting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## those whose hearts are perfect toward him ## +# those whose hearts are perfect toward him -AT: "those who are completely committed to following him" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of a people's will and desires as their "hearts." To be "perfect toward" something means to be completely devoted to that person or thing. AT: "those who are completely committed to following him" or "those who are completely devoted to following him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/16/11.md b/2ch/16/11.md index 0f10379287..a6be19c2b3 100644 --- a/2ch/16/11.md +++ b/2ch/16/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## from first to last ## +# from first to last -AT: "everything he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "from the first thing that he did to the last thing that he did" or "everything he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## The Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel ## +# the book of the kings of Judah and Israel This is a book that no longer exists. -## Asa was diseased in his feet ## +# the thirty-ninth year -AT: "Asa had a disease in his feet" \ No newline at end of file +"the 39th year" or "year 39" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Asa was afflicted with a disease in his feet + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Asa had a disease in his feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/16/13.md b/2ch/16/13.md index a39faa492e..1570811f1f 100644 --- a/2ch/16/13.md +++ b/2ch/16/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Asa slept with his ancestors ## +# Asa slept with his ancestors, dying in -AT: "Asa died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The phrase "slept with his ancestors" is a euphemism for dying. AT: "Asa died during" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## sepulchre ## +# the forty-first year -A sepulchre is a place of burial. +"the 41st year" or "year 41" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## bier ## +# which he had dug out for himself + +Asa would have had his workers prepare his tomb for him. AT: "which his workers had dug out for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bier A bier is a table on which a dead body is placed at a funeral. -## sweet odors and various kinds of spices prepared by skilled perfumers ## +# sweet odors and various kinds of spices prepared by skilled perfumers -Putting plants that smell good with the dead body was one of the burial customs of the people of Israel. AT: "sweet smelling plants prepared by people skilled in this custom" \ No newline at end of file +Putting plants that smell good with the dead body was one of the burial customs of the people of Israel. AT: "sweet smelling plants prepared by people skilled in this custom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# prepared by skilled perfumers + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that skilled perfumers had prepared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/16/intro.md b/2ch/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..044073d9a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The section about King Asa is completed in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Asa did not trust Yahweh ##### +When Baasha was building Ramah to blockade him, Asa asked the king of Aram to help him instead of trusting God to help him. This was sinful because he disobeyed Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/01.md b/2ch/17/01.md index 86563d0225..77a3cfd0e1 100644 --- a/2ch/17/01.md +++ b/2ch/17/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## strengthened himself against Israel ## +# in his place -AT: "prepared the army to be able to battle Israel" +"after his father" -## garrisons ## +# strengthened himself against Israel -These are military encampments for protection. \ No newline at end of file +Jehoshaphat prepared the army for battle. AT: "prepared the army to be able to battle Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He placed forces + +"He places soldiers" + +# garrisons + +"military encampments." These are set up for the people's protection. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/03.md b/2ch/17/03.md index c075a266c3..8038616d29 100644 --- a/2ch/17/03.md +++ b/2ch/17/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## in the first ways of his father ## +# Yahweh was with Jehoshaphat -AT: "in the righteous ways of his ancestor David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "was with" is an idiom. AT: "God supported him" or "God helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# walked in the first ways of his father + +Here the way a person lives and conducts himself is spoken of as if it were walking. For most of David's life he lived righteously and followed Yahweh closely. AT: "lived in the first ways of his father David" or "lived righteously as has father David had done in his earlier years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# did not seek the Baals + +This means that he did not worship the Baal idols in order to seek help from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# walked in + +The word "walked" is used here as an idiom. AT: "followed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# not after the behavior of Israel + +"and did not behave in the ways of the people of Israel." This refers to how most of the people of Israel did not follow Yahweh. AT: "and did not follow the evil practices that were common in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/05.md b/2ch/17/05.md index c295ba8586..8d134c4b44 100644 --- a/2ch/17/05.md +++ b/2ch/17/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Asherah poles ## +# Yahweh established the rule in his hand -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "his hand" represents Jehoshaphat's control. AT: "Yahweh enabled him to completely control his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# honor in abundance + +The word "honor" may be expressed as a verb. AT: "was greatly honored" or "the people greatly honored him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# His heart + +Here the king is represented by his "heart" to emphasize his will and desires. AT: "He" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/07.md b/2ch/17/07.md index 174bd7bf6f..10fcdb891b 100644 --- a/2ch/17/07.md +++ b/2ch/17/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## in the third year ## +# the third year -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]]) +"the 3rd year" or "year 3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Benhail, Obadiah, Zechariah, Nethanel, and Micaiah, to teach in the cities of Judah. With them were Levites: Shemaiah, Nethaniah, Zebadiah, Asahel, Shemiramoth, Jehonathan, Adonijah, Tobijah, and Tobadonijah; and with them were the priests Elishama and Jehoram. ## +# Ben-Hail, Obadiah, Zechariah, Nethanel, and Micaiah ... Shemaiah, Nethaniah, Zebadiah, Asahel, Shemiramoth, Jehonathan, Adonijah, Tobijah, and Tob-Adonijah ... Elishama and Jehoram -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/10.md b/2ch/17/10.md index c474658c30..411d7024d2 100644 --- a/2ch/17/10.md +++ b/2ch/17/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Terror of Yahweh fell on all the monarchies of the land ## +# Terror of Yahweh fell on all the kingdoms of the lands -AT: "The people in all the kingdoms surrounding Judah became very afraid of what Yahweh might do to punish them " \ No newline at end of file +The word "terror" can be expressed with the adjective "afraid." Also, this speaks of the people becoming afraid as if the terror were something that fell upon them. AT: "The people in all the kingdoms surrounding Judah became very afraid of what Yahweh might do to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# against Jehoshaphat + +Here Jehoshaphat represents his army. AT: "against Jehoshaphat's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# 7,700 rams, and 7,700 goats + +The number can also be written as seven thousand seven hundred. This is a description of the flocks that the Arabians brought Jehoshaphat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/12.md b/2ch/17/12.md index a4fc66ad40..7d9ef5ae79 100644 --- a/2ch/17/12.md +++ b/2ch/17/12.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# He built fortresses and store cities + +Jehoshaphat did not build these things himself, rather he commanded his workers to build them. AT: "His workers built fortresses and store cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/14.md b/2ch/17/14.md index 8a6c8f643d..b81f86ab3d 100644 --- a/2ch/17/14.md +++ b/2ch/17/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Adnah...Jehohanan...Amasiah, the son of Zichri ## +# These were their divisions listed by the name of their fathers' houses + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The divisions by the the name of their fathers' houses were as follows:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the commanders of thousands + +The phrase "commander of thousands" is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word "thousands" represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "thousands" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a large military division. AT: "the commanders of large military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Adnah ... Jehohanan ... Amasiah son of Zichri (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## 300,000...280,000...200,000 ## +# 300,000 ... 280,000 ... 200,000 -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"three hundred thousand ... two hundred and eighty thousand ... two hundred thousand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/17.md b/2ch/17/17.md index 4d1e0c66a0..c8b2d0ece4 100644 --- a/2ch/17/17.md +++ b/2ch/17/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## besides those ## +# Eliada ... Jehozabad -AT: "in addition to" \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 200,000 ... 180,000 + +"two hundred thousand ... one hundred and eighty thousand." Both of these numbers refer to men. AT: "200,000 men ... 180,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# besides those + +"in addition to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/17/intro.md b/2ch/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e0fc2586ea --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the story of King Jehoshaphat. + +This chapter indents some of the lines of 17:14-18 because they are long lists. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust in Yahweh ##### +Jehoshaphat trusted and obeyed God. Because of this, God made him strong. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/01.md b/2ch/18/01.md index f113661462..eedd146bf0 100644 --- a/2ch/18/01.md +++ b/2ch/18/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## he allied himself with Ahab ## +# Now Jehoshaphat had great riches and honor; he allied himself with Ahab -AT: "he aligned himself with Ahab" or "he made himself a friend of Ahab" +The word "now" is used here to mark background information. This happened before Ahab went down to Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## I am like you and my people are like your people ## +# he allied himself with Ahab -Jehoshaphat is stating his allegiance to Ahab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +"he aligned himself with Ahab" or "he made himself a friend of Ahab" + +# Ahab killed many sheep and oxen for him and the people + +This means that he had these animals slaughtered to prepare a feast for the people. Also, Ahab himself would not have prepared the animals, but rather would have commanded his workers to do it. AT: "Ahab commanded his workers to slaughter many sheep and oxen for a feast for Jehoshaphat and the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Will you go with me to Ramoth Gilead + +Here Ahab is requesting for Jehoshaphat to join him with his army to make war against Ramoth Gilead. This can be written explicitly. Also, in this question each of the kings represents themselves accompanied by their armies. AT: "Will you and your army go with my army to attack the city of Ramoth in the region of Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I am like you, and my people are like your people + +Jehoshaphat is stating his allegiance to Ahab. AT: "I offer myself and my soldiers to you to use in any way you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/04.md b/2ch/18/04.md index a4fc66ad40..44d3af641f 100644 --- a/2ch/18/04.md +++ b/2ch/18/04.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# king of Israel + +This refers to King Ahab. + +# four hundred men + +"400 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# should I not + +Here about refers to himself accompanied by his army as himself. AT: "should we not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# will give it into the hand of the king + +Here the king's "hand" refers to his control. This means that God will enable them to defeat the people at Ramoth Gilead. AT: "will enable your army to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/06.md b/2ch/18/06.md index f0142d28ad..84aab3484c 100644 --- a/2ch/18/06.md +++ b/2ch/18/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Micaiah​, son of Imlah ## +# Micaiah son of Imlah -He was a prophet of the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/09.md b/2ch/18/09.md index 2a8e52a4ce..b7b8497efa 100644 --- a/2ch/18/09.md +++ b/2ch/18/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the son of Kenaanah ## +# Kenaanah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## horns of iron ## +# horns of iron This is a reference to the horns of a bull but they made of metal. -## you will push the Arameans until they are consumed ## +# you will push the Arameans until they are consumed -AT: "You will defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The prophet's actions are a symbolic metaphor that illustrates the way that Ahab would defeat the Arameans. Ahab's army will win with great strength, as a bull attacks another animal. AT: "With horns like these, your army will keep attacking the army of Aram like a bull attacks another animal, until you completely destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Yahweh has given it into the hand of the king ## +# until they are consumed -AT: "Yahweh will give you victory" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until you consume them" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# has given it into the hand of the king + +Here the king's "hand" refers to his control. This means that God will enable them to defeat the people at Ramoth Gilead. AT: "has allowed the king to capture it" or "will allow your armies to capture it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/12.md b/2ch/18/12.md index 21e5a93063..7a4acf868c 100644 --- a/2ch/18/12.md +++ b/2ch/18/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Micaiah ## +# Micaiah -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 17:7](../17/07.md) +Translate this man's name the same as in [2 Chronicles 17:7](../17/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## let your word ## +# Now look -This is a reference to the whole of the prophets message. +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## with one mouth- ## +# the words of the prophets declare good things to the king with one mouth -** - AT: "with one opinion" or "and they all agreed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The prophets all saying the same thing is spoken of as if they all spoke with the same mouth. The phrase "the words of the prophets" represents the message that the prophets declare. AT: "the prophets all declare the same good things to the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## As Yahweh lives ## +# let your word be like the word of one of them -AT: "I assure you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "them" refers to "the words of the prophets." AT: "let what you say agree with what they have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# As Yahweh lives + +"as surely as Yahweh is alive." The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# or not + +The understood information may be supplied. AT: "or should we not go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# should we go + +The word "we" refers to Ahab, Jehoshaphat, and their armies but not to Micaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/15.md b/2ch/18/15.md index 0cae5c0f41..8f6c39ddc8 100644 --- a/2ch/18/15.md +++ b/2ch/18/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## "How many times must I require you to swear to tell me nothing but the truth in the name of Yahweh?" ## +# How many times must I require ... in the name of Yahweh? -AT: "I told you to only speak the truth in the name of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Ahab asks this question out of frustration to rebuke Micaiah. AT: "Many times I have required ... in the name of Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## like sheep who have no shepherd ## +# in the name of Yahweh -AT: "without good leadership" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "name" refers to authority. AT: "as the representative of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I saw all Israel + +Here "all Israel" refers to the army of Israel. AT: "I saw the entire army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# like sheep who have no shepherd + +The people of the army are compared to sheep that have no one to lead them because their shepherd, the king, has died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# These have no shepherd + +Yahweh speaks of the king as if he were a shepherd. Just like a shepherd is responsible to care for and protect his sheep, the king is responsible to lead and protect his people. AT: "These people no longer have a leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/17.md b/2ch/18/17.md index 69b0f1959e..04e6a28ca4 100644 --- a/2ch/18/17.md +++ b/2ch/18/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Did I not tell you that he would not prophesy good concerning me, but only disaster? ## +# Did I not tell you ... but only disaster? -AT: "I told you that he would prophesy that disaster would come to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Ahab asks this question to emphasize that he had spoken the truth about Micaiah. AT: "I told you ... but only disaster!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# on his right hand and on his left + +This means that they were standing beside him on his left side and his right side. AT: "by his right side and by his left side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# on his left + +This implies his left hand. AT: "on his left hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/19.md b/2ch/18/19.md index f86ae23bcf..59647e3494 100644 --- a/2ch/18/19.md +++ b/2ch/18/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## entice ## +# entice This means to attract someone by offering something appealing. -## fall ## +# fall at Ramoth Gilead -AT: "be seriously hurt" or "die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Ahab dying in battle is spoken of as if he will fall. AT: "die at Ramoth Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## one individual answered this way, and another answered in that way ## +# One said this and another that -This indicates that there was more than one opinion. \ No newline at end of file +This indicates that there was more than one opinion. The words "One ... and another" refer to two or more angels in the heavenly host who were responding to Yahweh's question in the previous verse. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/20.md b/2ch/18/20.md index e63711f3ec..05d9e1f637 100644 --- a/2ch/18/20.md +++ b/2ch/18/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets ## +# become a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets -AT: "a spirit who makes the prophets lie" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "spirit" refers to the attitudes of the prophets and the words "the mouth" represents what they will say. AT: "cause all his prophets to speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/22.md b/2ch/18/22.md index 38666a0cd5..128b4f9251 100644 --- a/2ch/18/22.md +++ b/2ch/18/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## decreed disaster for you ## +# Now see -AT: "determined that terrible things will happen to you" \ No newline at end of file +"Indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# has put a lying spirit in the mouth of these prophets of yours + +Here the word "spirit" refers to the attitudes of the prophets and the words "the mouth" represents what they will say. AT: "has caused your prophets to speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/23.md b/2ch/18/23.md index e7186b2a3a..22c5ffc055 100644 --- a/2ch/18/23.md +++ b/2ch/18/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Zedekiah, son of Kenaanah ## +# Kenaanah -This is not the same Zedekiah as referenced above, but a prophet loyal to Ahab (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Translate this man's name the same as in [2 Chronicles 18:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Which way did the Spirit of Yahweh take to go from me to speak to you? ## +# Which way did the Spirit of Yahweh take to go from me to speak to you? -AT: The spirit of God did not leave me to speak to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Zedekiah asks this sarcastic question to insult and rebuke Micaiah. AT: "Do not think that Yahweh's Spirit left me to speak to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## when you run into some inner room to hide ## +# Look -AT: "when you run, in fear, to hide" \ No newline at end of file +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# you will know that + +"you will know the answer to your question." If Zedekiah's rhetorical question is translated as a statement, this phrase may be translated to supply implicit information. AT: "you will know that the Spirit of Yahweh has spoken to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/25.md b/2ch/18/25.md index 99e6a73405..b8c786fdef 100644 --- a/2ch/18/25.md +++ b/2ch/18/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## King of Israel ## +# king of Israel -This is a reference to Ahab. +This refers to Ahab. -## Amon ## +# Amon -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## If you return safely, then not spoken by me ## +# If you return safely -Micaiah knows that the Lord has spoken through him. \ No newline at end of file +This describes something that would not happen. Yahweh had already told Micaiah that the king would not return safely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/28.md b/2ch/18/28.md index 370f1d74e8..9615805818 100644 --- a/2ch/18/28.md +++ b/2ch/18/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## went up against ## +# Ahab, the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah, went up against -AT: "fought against" +Here the kings represent themselves accompanied by their armies. AT: "Ahab, the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah led their armies up against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Ramoth Gilead ## +# went up against -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 18:1](./01.md) +"fought against" -## disguise ## +# Ramoth Gilead + +Translate the name of this place as you did in [2 Chronicles 18:2](./01.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# disguise This means to change the usual appearance so as not to be identified. -## Do not attack the unimportant or the important soldiers. Instead, attack only the king ## +# Do not attack the unimportant or the important soldiers -AT: "only attack the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +By mentioning both "the unimportant" and "the important soldiers," the king meant all soldiers. AT: "Do not attack any of the soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/31.md b/2ch/18/31.md index b704c6eee2..c78bb9eb86 100644 --- a/2ch/18/31.md +++ b/2ch/18/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## That is the king of Israel ## +# That is the king of Israel Jehoshaphat was wrongly identified as the king of Israel because Ahab had insisted that he wear kingly robes. -## God turned them away from him ## +# God turned them away from him -AT: "God caused them to stop pursuing him." \ No newline at end of file +"God caused them to stop pursuing him" + +# It came about that + +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/33.md b/2ch/18/33.md index f0cfc486e5..8a0c30e0c8 100644 --- a/2ch/18/33.md +++ b/2ch/18/33.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## between the joints of his armor ## +# drew his bow at random -This is a place where two pieces of armor meet and is susceptible to arrows and swords. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) he took aim to shoot a soldier without knowing that it was Ahab or 2) he drew his bow to shoot without any specific target in mind. + +# between the joints of his armor + +This is a place where two pieces of armor meet and is susceptible to arrows and swords. + +# the king of Israel was held up in his chariot + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone held the king of Israel up in his chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/18/intro.md b/2ch/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..58aee9de7f --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Jehoshaphat as king continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +The will of God is accomplished, even when people try to avoid it. Ahab tried to disguise himself to hide from the soldiers of Aram but an arrow still hit and killed him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/19/01.md b/2ch/19/01.md index 495771f69d..35907f993c 100644 --- a/2ch/19/01.md +++ b/2ch/19/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## the son of Hanani ## +# Hanani, the seer -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Hanani" is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 16:7](../16/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## “Should you be helping the wicked? Should you be loving those who hate Yahweh? ## +# went out to meet him -AT: "You should not help the wicked! You should not love those who hate Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here the word "him" refers to Jehoshaphat. -## Asherah poles ## +# Should you be helping the wicked? Should you be loving those who hate Yahweh? -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md) +These questions expect negative answers to make the point that Jehoshaphat should not have helped Ahab. AT: "You should not help the wicked! You should not love those who hate Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## fixed your heart ## +# the wicked -AT: "firmly decided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to wicked people in general. AT: "wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# anger from Yahweh is on you + +The abstract noun "anger" can be translated using the word "angry." This phrase can be expressed in active form. AT: "Yahweh is angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there is some good to be found in you + +The abstract noun "good" can be translated as an adjective. This phrase can be expressed in active form. AT: "you have done some good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you have taken the Asherah poles out of the land + +Since Jehoshaphat was king, he may have told his officials to do these things for him. AT: "you have had your people take the Asherah poles out of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Asherah poles + +See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:3](../14/01.md). + +# fixed your heart + +Here the heart represents the will. Jehoshaphat's will is spoken of as being fixed or immovable, which means having an unchanging intention to seek God. AT: "firmly decided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# seek God + +Wanting to do what pleases God is spoken of as if Jehoshaphat were seeking him. AT: "do what pleases God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/19/04.md b/2ch/19/04.md index 9ffda45ba5..6051a81732 100644 --- a/2ch/19/04.md +++ b/2ch/19/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## brought them back to Yahweh ## +# from Beersheba to the hill country of Ephraim -AT: "restored their faith in Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +This is a merism that means the whole land over which Jehoshaphat reigned, from the most southern part to the most northern part, and is intended to include the whole land in between. AT: "of all the land of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# brought them back to Yahweh + +The author speaks of Jehoshaphat's leading the people back to serving Yahweh as if he were carrying them back to where they were at an earlier time. AT: "convinced them to return to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fathers + +"ancestors" or "forefathers" + +# fortified cities + +cities with walls around them for protection + +# city by city + +"for every city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/19/06.md b/2ch/19/06.md index 4fae71544b..e9b24ce9eb 100644 --- a/2ch/19/06.md +++ b/2ch/19/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Let the fear of God be upon you ## +# He said to the judges -AT: "You should remember to fear God when you judge" \ No newline at end of file +"Jehoshaphat said to the judges" + +# he is with you + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh was aware of what the judges decided or 2) Yahweh would hold the judges accountable for their decisions or 3) Yahweh would help and guide them in their decisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let the fear of Yahweh be upon you + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "you should remember to fear Yahweh when you judge" + +# there is no iniquity with Yahweh our God, nor is there any favoritism or bribe taking + +The abstract nouns "iniquity," "favoritism," and "bribe" can be translated using the verbs "sin," "favor," and "bribe." AT: "Yahweh our God will not sin or favor one person over another in judgment or be bribed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/19/08.md b/2ch/19/08.md index 9639472d4e..125fdf79af 100644 --- a/2ch/19/08.md +++ b/2ch/19/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## ancestral houses of Israel ## +# heads of the ancestral houses -AT: "ancient families of Israel" +Here "heads" is a metaphor for the most important part, and "houses" represents families. AT: "leaders of the ancient families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for the sake of disputes ## +# for carrying out judgment for Yahweh -AT: "to help resolve arguments" +The abstract noun "judgment" can be translated using the verb "to judge." AT: "for judging the people for Yahweh" or "for judging on Yahweh's behalf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## with a perfect heart ## +# for the sake of disputes -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +"for settling disputes" or "for resolving arguments" + +# You must serve in reverence for Yahweh + +The abstract noun "reverence" can be translated as a verb. AT: "You must serve while fearing Yahweh" or "You must serve while respecting Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# with your whole heart + +Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "with your whole being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/19/10.md b/2ch/19/10.md index d246e6d53c..4cd00e8c45 100644 --- a/2ch/19/10.md +++ b/2ch/19/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## anger does not come down on you ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "God's anger does not punish you" \ No newline at end of file +Jehoshaphat continues to instruct some of the Levites and the priests, and some of the heads of the ancestral houses of Israel, who he appointed to be judges. + +# General Information: + +The words "you" and "your" in this verse refers to those persons Jehoshaphat appointed to be judges. + +# Whenever any dispute comes to you from your brothers who live in their cities + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Whenever your brothers who live in their cities bring you a dispute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from your brothers + +Here "brothers" is a general reference to fellow Israelites. + +# bloodshed + +Here the killing of people is spoken of as shedding their blood, where "blood" represents their lives. AT: "the killing of people" or "murder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# anger will come toward you and toward your brothers + +The abstract noun "anger" can be expressed as the adjective "angry." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will be angry with you and your brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/19/11.md b/2ch/19/11.md index 9fc2c2e339..58b4a5df88 100644 --- a/2ch/19/11.md +++ b/2ch/19/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Amariah ## +# Connecting Statement: -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Jehoshaphat continues to instruct some of the Levites and the priests, and some of the heads of the ancestral houses of Israel, who he appointed to be judges. -## Zebadiah, the son of Ishmael ## +# General Information: -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "you" and "your" in this verse refers to those persons Jehoshaphat appointed to be judges. + +# See + +The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# Amariah ... Zebadiah ... Ishmael + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# is over you + +"is in charge of you" + +# of all the matters of the king + +Here Jehoshaphat speaks of himself in the third person. This can be translated in the first person. AT: "of all my royal matters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/19/intro.md b/2ch/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cfc39d777d --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Jehoshaphat as king continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Levite judges ##### +Jehoshaphat appointed many Levites to be judges and told them to be very fair. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/01.md b/2ch/20/01.md index 6e9b7cde4d..1f7a41b237 100644 --- a/2ch/20/01.md +++ b/2ch/20/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Meunites ## +# It came about -This was a Edomite people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Hazazontamar ## +# Meunites -This is another name for Engedi. \ No newline at end of file +This was a people group from the region of Meun which was near Edom, east of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# came against Jehoshaphat to do battle + +Here "Jehoshaphat" represents himself and his army. AT: "came against Jehoshaphat's army to do battle" or "came to fight against Jehoshaphat and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# See, they are in Hazezon Tamar + +The word "see" is used here as an idiom to add emphasis to what is said next. They could not see the army in Hazezon Tamar from where they were speaking. AT: "They are already in Hazezon Tamar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Hazezon Tamar + +This is the name of a place. It is another name for Engedi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/03.md b/2ch/20/03.md index f1e647468a..5601a1de35 100644 --- a/2ch/20/03.md +++ b/2ch/20/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## set himself ## +# set himself to seek -AT: "determined" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "determined himself to seek" or "devoted himself to seek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to seek Yahweh + +This speaks of seeking Yahweh's advice as if he were looking for Yahweh. AT: "to seek Yahweh's advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He proclaimed a fast + +The word "fast" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "He proclaimed that all the people should fast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Judah gathered + +This refers to the people of Judah. AT: "The people of Judah gathered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/05.md b/2ch/20/05.md index b2bb8ceb82..ad56f2fe03 100644 --- a/2ch/20/05.md +++ b/2ch/20/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## are you not God in heaven? And are you not the ruler over all the monarchies of the nations? ## +# of Judah and Jerusalem -AT: "you are indeed God in heaven and the ruler over all the kings of the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This refers to the people from these places. AT: "of the people from Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## did you not drive out the inhabitants of this land before your people Israel, and give it forever to the descendants of Abraham? ## +# are you not God in heaven? Are you not the ruler over all the kingdoms of the nations? -AT: "It was you who drove out those who lived in this land for the sake of your people Israel and who gave it permanently to the descendants of Abraham." \ No newline at end of file +Jehoshaphat uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that God is in heaven and his authority over all things. This question can be written as statement. AT: "you are indeed God in heaven and the ruler over all the kings of the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Power and might are in your hand + +The words "Power" and "might" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh's power. The word "hand" refers to possession. AT: "You possess great power" or "You have great power and might" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Our God, did you not drive out the inhabitants of this land ... to the descendants of Abraham? + +Jehoshaphat uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that God drove their enemies from their land and gave it to the Israelites. This question can be written as statement. AT: "It was you who drove out those who lived in this land for the sake of your people Israel and who gave it permanently to the descendants of Abraham." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/08.md b/2ch/20/08.md index c5d857c893..513354f2e2 100644 --- a/2ch/20/08.md +++ b/2ch/20/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## sword of judgment, disease, or famine ## +# for your name -AT: "judgement by the sword, disease or famine" +Here Yahweh is represented by his "name." AT: "for you" or "to honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your name is in this house ## +# the sword -AT: "your presence is here in this house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The "sword" represents war. AT: "war" or "battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# before this house + +This refers to the temple. + +# your name is in this house + +Here Yahweh's presence is represented by his "name." AT: "your presence is here in this house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/10.md b/2ch/20/10.md index 695352ab99..75310370a1 100644 --- a/2ch/20/10.md +++ b/2ch/20/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Mount Seir ## +# Mount Seir -This was a place where the Edomites lived. +This was a place where the Edomites lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## See how they are rewarding us; they are coming to drive us out of your land ## +# See how they are rewarding us; they are coming to drive us out of your land -AT: "This is how they 'repay' us for the mercy we showed to them; they are coming to drive us out of your land" See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] \ No newline at end of file +Here Jehoshaphat speaks of the ironic situation. AT: "This is how they 'repay' us for the mercy we showed to them; they are coming to drive us out of your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# See how + +The word "see" here is used as an idiom to emphasize what is said next. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/12.md b/2ch/20/12.md index 2f112969c8..a82ee5683c 100644 --- a/2ch/20/12.md +++ b/2ch/20/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## will you not judge them? ## +# will you not judge them? -AT: "please judge them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question is used as a request. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "please judge them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Our eyes are upon you ## +# our eyes are on you -AT: "we are looking to you for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize that they are directing their attention to God. AT: "we are looking to you for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/14.md b/2ch/20/14.md index 4506d50616..0a755664b3 100644 --- a/2ch/20/14.md +++ b/2ch/20/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the spirit of Yahweh came on ## +# the Spirit of Yahweh came on -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 15:1](../15/01.md) +This is an idiom which means that the spirit of God influenced Jahaziel and enabled him to prophesy. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 15:1](../15/01.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Jahaziel, the son of Zechariah, the son of Benaiah, the son of Jeiel, the son of Mattaniah, the Levite, one of the sons of Asaph ## +# Jahaziel ... Zechariah ... Benaiah ... Jeiel ... Mattaniah ... Asaph -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## battle does not belong to you ## +# all Judah and you inhabitants of Jerusalem -AT: "do not be concerned about this battle, God is in control of it" \ No newline at end of file +Here "Judah" refers to the people who live there. AT: "all you who live in Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for the battle does not belong to you, but to God + +This means that God is in control of the battle and of what happens. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/16.md b/2ch/20/16.md index d966f9b5bc..78366cc874 100644 --- a/2ch/20/16.md +++ b/2ch/20/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## go down against ## +# go down against ... Go out against -AT: "go to" or "go to battle" +This is an idiom that means to go and meet the enemy army for battle. AT: "march against ... March out against" or "Go to battle against ... Go to battle against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Pass of Ziz ## +# See, they are + +"Indeed, they are." The word "See" is used here as an idiom to draw attention to what is said next. The people cannot currently see the enemy army. AT: "They are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# pass of Ziz This is a narrow valley between two mountains southeast of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## rescue of Yahweh ## +# the rescue of Yahweh with you -God will fight the battle and rescue the people \ No newline at end of file +The word "rescue" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "Yahweh rescue you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Judah and Jerusalem + +Here these places represent the people from them. AT: "people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/18.md b/2ch/20/18.md index ad8b4379b5..3ac634b630 100644 --- a/2ch/20/18.md +++ b/2ch/20/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## All Judah ## +# bowed his head with his face to the ground ... fell down before Yahweh -AT: "All the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These acts of worship that express humility and submission to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Kohathites and Korahites ## +# All Judah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Judah" refers to the people from Judah. AT: "All the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Kohathites and Korahites + +These are the names of people groups descending from Kohath and Korah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# with a very loud voice + +This speaks of all the people praising Yahweh as if they together had one voice. AT: "with very loud voices" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/20.md b/2ch/20/20.md index 4c106c4441..e935202fe3 100644 --- a/2ch/20/20.md +++ b/2ch/20/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## tekoa ## +# Tekoa -This was a town south of Jerusalem (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Translate the name of this city the same as in [2 Chronicles 11:6](../11/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## you will be supported ## +# you will be supported -AT: "Yahweh will help you" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will support you" or "he will help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Trust in the prophets, and you will succeed ## +# Trust in his prophets, and you will succeed -AT: "If you trust in the prophets, then you will succeed" \ No newline at end of file +"If you trust in Yahweh's prophets, then you will succeed" + +# his covenant faithfulness endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." See how you translated "covenant faithfulness" in [2 Chronicles 7:3](../07/04.md). AT: "he faithfully loves us forever" or "he is always faithful to his covenant with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/22.md b/2ch/20/22.md index e960c6eeaf..b1a29f5798 100644 --- a/2ch/20/22.md +++ b/2ch/20/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Mount Seir ## +# to sing and to praise -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 20:10](./10.md) +They were singing to Yahweh. AT: "to sing and to praise Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## set men in ambush ## +# Yahweh set men -AT: "prepared a surprise attack" +This means that Yahweh caused some of the enemy soldiers to ambush other enemy soldiers. AT: "Yahweh set some enemy soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## completely kill them and destroy them ## +# ambush -AT: "completely destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +a surprise attack + +# Mount Seir + +Translate the name of this place the same as in [2 Chronicles 20:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They were defeated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They defeated them" or "They defeated those they had ambushed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to completely kill them and destroy them + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second intensifies the first. AT: "to completely annihilate them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# When they had finished with + +This refers to after they had destroyed them. AT: "When they had finished killing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/24.md b/2ch/20/24.md index 97f76230fc..7dae088f91 100644 --- a/2ch/20/24.md +++ b/2ch/20/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Behold, they were dead ## +# Behold, they were dead -This was a surprise. All their enemies had destroyed each other +The word "behold" is used here to mark a surprising event. -## fallen to the ground ## +# they were dead, fallen to the ground -AT: "dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "fallen to the ground" is an idiomatic way to say that "they were dead." AT: "they were all dead on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/25.md b/2ch/20/25.md index 85ddff2eeb..b26d17bf82 100644 --- a/2ch/20/25.md +++ b/2ch/20/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## stripped off for themselves ## +# the fourth day -AT: "took for themselves" +"the 4th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## to this day ## +# Valley of Berakah -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to this day + +This means the day on which the writer wrote. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/27.md b/2ch/20/27.md index 721c90c6fc..cd91d31218 100644 --- a/2ch/20/27.md +++ b/2ch/20/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## every man of Judah and Jerusalem ## +# every man of Judah and Jerusalem -This is a reference to every fighting man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] +This is a reference to every man in the army. AT: "every soldier of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Jehoshaphat in their lead ## +# Jehoshaphat in their lead -King jehoshaphat was in front of the whole army as they went back to Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +"with Jehoshaphat leading them." The phrase "in their lead" is an idiom. King Jehoshaphat was in front of the whole army as they went back to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# rejoice over their enemies + +They rejoiced because their enemies had been defeated. AT: "rejoice over their enemies' defeat" or "rejoice because their enemies had been destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/29.md b/2ch/20/29.md index 76c2f4d86a..20157553e7 100644 --- a/2ch/20/29.md +++ b/2ch/20/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Terror of God was on all monarchies of the nations ## +# The terror of God was on all the kingdoms of the nations -"All the kings of the nations greatly feared God" +The word "terror" can be expressed with the verb "feared." AT: "All the kingdoms of the nations greatly feared God" -## monarchies ## +# kingdoms of the nations -This refers to governments with a single ruler. \ No newline at end of file +"kingdoms in the nearby nations" + +# Jehoshaphat's kingdom was quiet + +This speaks of the kingdom having peace as the kingdom being quiet. AT: "Jehoshaphat's kingdom was at peace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/31.md b/2ch/20/31.md index 5f05c2ce29..3a6c81fc07 100644 --- a/2ch/20/31.md +++ b/2ch/20/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Azubah, the daughter of Shilhi ## +# thirty-five years old ... twenty-five years -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"35 years old ... 25 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## walked in the ways ## +# Azubah, the daughter of Shilhi -AT: "followed his father's example" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"Azubah" was the name of Jehoshaphat's mother. Shilhi was the name of Azubah's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## he did what was right in the eyes ## +# He walked in the ways of Asa, his father; he did not turn away from them -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md) \ No newline at end of file +This means that he lived in a way that pleased Yahweh as his father had done. Here "walking" is an idiom for the way a person lives and behaves. AT: "He did things that were pleasing to Yahweh, like his father Asa had done, and he did not stop doing those things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh + +The eyes here represent seeing, and seeing represents judgment. Yahweh saw and approved of Jehoshaphat's actions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). AT: "he did what Yahweh judged to be right" or "he did what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the high places were not taken away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he did not get rid of the high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The people still had not directed their hearts to the God + +This means that the people did not desire to obey God and were not devoted to him. Here people's "hearts" represent their will and their desires. AT: "The people were still not devoted to the God" or "The people still were not committed to following the God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/34.md b/2ch/20/34.md index 7b7f0d629b..45e78152e5 100644 --- a/2ch/20/34.md +++ b/2ch/20/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## the son of Hanani ## +# first and last -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These two opposites are given to refer to everything concerning Jehoshaphat during his reign as king. AT: "from the beginning of his reign until he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## The Book of the Kings of Israel ## +# behold -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 16:11](../16/11.md) \ No newline at end of file +"indeed." The word is used here to add emphasis to the important information that follows. + +# they are written in ... which is recorded in + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they are in ... which is in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Hanani + +Translate this man's name as you did in [2 Chronicles 16:7](../16/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the history of Jehu son of Hanani + +This is a historical account that was written by Jehu. + +# the book of the kings of Israel + +This is a book that no longer exists. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 16:11](../16/11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/35.md b/2ch/20/35.md index 93591d9a47..02d294230f 100644 --- a/2ch/20/35.md +++ b/2ch/20/35.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## oceangoing ships ## +# ships These are ships capable of traveling on large bodies of water. -## at Eziongeber. Then Eliezer, the son of Dodavahu of Mareshah ## +# Tarshish -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They built the ships + +Jehoshaphat and Ahaziah did not build the ships, rather, their workers built them. AT: "Their workers built the ships" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Ezion Geber + +Translate the name of this place as you did in [2 Chronicles 8:17](../08/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Eliezer ... Dodavahu + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mareshah + +Translate this man's name as you did in [2 Chronicles 11:08](../11/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The ships were wrecked so that + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The ships became ruined and" or "The ships wrecked so that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they were not able to sail + +"no one was able to sail them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/20/intro.md b/2ch/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ccfc481446 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Jehoshaphat is completed in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Deliverance and trust ##### +God rescues those who trust him. An enormous army came against Jehoshaphat but God promised that he would defeat them without Judah having to fight. Then the enemy fought among themselves and when the army of Judah arrived there were dead bodies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/01.md b/2ch/21/01.md index 9009878ab4..24d537599f 100644 --- a/2ch/21/01.md +++ b/2ch/21/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## slept with his ancestors ## +# slept with his ancestors -AT: "died" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Jehoshaphat dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## city of David ## +# city of David This is the city of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Azariah, Jehiel, Zechariah, Azariah, Michael ## +# Azariah, Jehiel, Zechariah, Azariahu, Michael, and Shephatiah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## gave the throne ## +# Jehoshaphat, king of Israel -Jehoshaphat decided that Jehoram should be the king after he died (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The southern kingdom was technically called "Judah," but the writer of this book apparently wanted to make the point that the southern kingdom was, in its obedience to God, the true Israel. + +# large gifts + +"gifts of large amounts" + +# gave the throne to Jehoram + +Jehoshaphat decided that Jehoram should be the king after he died. Here "throne" is a metonym for ruling as king. AT: "made Jehoram king after him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/04.md b/2ch/21/04.md index ee1d6ee47b..31e2c09170 100644 --- a/2ch/21/04.md +++ b/2ch/21/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## risen up over his father's kingdom ## +# risen up over his father's kingdom -AT: "taken complete control over his father's kingdom" \ No newline at end of file +To "rise up over" something is an idiom that means to control it. AT: "taken complete control over his father's kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he killed all his brothers with the sword + +Jehoram probably did not kill them personally, but had other people do it for him. AT: "he caused all of his younger brothers to be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/06.md b/2ch/21/06.md index 8c71dd0422..0f13779dc3 100644 --- a/2ch/21/06.md +++ b/2ch/21/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## walked in the ways ## +# walked in the ways -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 20:31](../20/31.md) +This is an idiom that means he followed their example. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 20:32](../20/31.md). AT: "followed the example" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## in Yahweh's sight ## +# the house of Ahab was doing -AT: "according to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. AT: "the descendants of Ahab were doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He had promised to give life to him ## +# he had Ahab's daughter as his wife -AT: "He had promised that David's descendants would always be the ones who ruled Judah." \ No newline at end of file +"he had married a daughter of Ahab" + +# in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents his judgment or evaluation. AT: "as Yahweh judged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of David + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../../jer/03/17.md). AT: "the kingdom of Judah" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he had promised that he would always give life to him and his descendants + +"he had promised that David's descendants would always be the ones who ruled Judah." This was the covenant that Yahweh made with David. + +# always give life to him and his descendants + +"always cause him and his descendants to live" or "never destroy him and his descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/08.md b/2ch/21/08.md index 6f68d1c070..0b094f90a9 100644 --- a/2ch/21/08.md +++ b/2ch/21/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## In Jehoram's days ## +# In Jehoram's days -AT: "While Jehoram was king" +"While Jehoram was king" -## from the power of Judah ## +# from the control of Judah -AT: "against Judah's control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"against Judah's control" -## crossed over ## +# set a king over themselves -AT: "crossed the border into Edom" +The word "set" is a metonym for choosing, and the words "over themselves" is a metonym for "to rule them." AT: "chose a king to rule over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## to this present day ## +# crossed over -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md) +"crossed the border into Edom" or "went to Edom" -## Libnah ## +# It was night when he rose up ... surrounded him and his chariot commanders + +It may be helpful to reorder this sentence and to add implicit information. AT: "The Edomites surrounded him and his chariot commanders, but Jehoram and his army fought against them and escaped during the night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to this present day + +This refers to the time when the book of 2 Chronicles was written. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md). + +# Libnah This was a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/11.md b/2ch/21/11.md index dc877fbfcb..07125fd73d 100644 --- a/2ch/21/11.md +++ b/2ch/21/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## the inhabitants of Jerusalem to act like a prostitute ## +# Jehoram had also built high places -AT: "he lead the people of Jerusalem and they were unfaithful to God" \ No newline at end of file +Other people helped Jehoram build these high places all over the mountains of Judah. AT: "Jehoram and the people had also built high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he made the inhabitants of Jerusalem to live like prostitutes + +Jehoram caused the people to serve idols instead of Yahweh. People who serve other gods in order to receive something from them are spoken of as spiritual prostitutes. AT: "he caused the people of Jerusalem to leave Yahweh and serve other gods, as prostitutes serve men who are not their husbands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he led Judah astray + +Not following Yahweh is spoken of as not following the correct path. AT: "he caused Judah to no longer follow Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/12.md b/2ch/21/12.md index 3051f08aca..0fbff11225 100644 --- a/2ch/21/12.md +++ b/2ch/21/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## intestines ## +# A letter from the prophet Elijah came to Jehoram -AT: "bowels" +"Jehoram received a letter from the prophet Elijah" or "The prophet Elijah sent a letter to Jehoram" -## until your intestines fall out because of the disease, ## +# walked in the ways -AT: "until this disease causes your death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that means he followed their example. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 20:32](../20/31.md). AT: "followed the example" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# act like a prostitute + +Jehoram caused the people to serve idols instead of Yahweh. People who serve other gods in order to receive something from them are spoken of as spiritual prostitutes. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 21:11](./11.md). AT: "leave Yahweh and serve other gods, as a prostitute serves men who are not her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Ahab + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 21:6](./06.md). AT: "the descendants of Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# see + +This tells Jehoram to pay attention to the message that follows. + +# strike with a great plague + +"cause a great plague to happen to" + +# You yourself + +The use of the reflexive "yourself" emphasizes that this is a personal judgment on Jehoram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# until your intestines fall out because of the sickness + +Possible meanings are 1) his intestines will literally fall out or 2) this is a metaphor that describes intestinal problems that will result in his death. AT: "until this disease causes your death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/16.md b/2ch/21/16.md index e23c82e933..6dca66b959 100644 --- a/2ch/21/16.md +++ b/2ch/21/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## stirred up against Jehoram the spirits of the Philistines and of the Arabians ## +# stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians -AT: "caused the Philistines and Arabians to become very angry with Judah" \ No newline at end of file +Stirring the spirit is a metonym for making someone want to act. Here "spirit" is singular and refers to the Philistines as a group and to the Arabians as a group. AT: "provoked against Jehoram the Philistines and the Arabians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# against Jehoram + +Here Jehoram refers to Jehoram and the people of Judah that he ruled. AT: "against Jehoram and the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians who were near the Cushites + +The Philistines and the Arabians were two different nations. The Arabians lived southeast of Judah near the Cushites, and the Philistines lived west of Judah. These nations were stirred up separately. This can be made explicit. AT: "the spirit of the Philistines and the spirit of the Arabians who were near the Cushites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# No son was left to him except Jehoahaz, his youngest son + +"They took away all of his sons except Jehoahaz, his youngest son" or "The only son they left to him was Jehoahaz, his youngest son" + +# Jehoahaz, his youngest son + +This same son is called "Ahaziah" in [2 Chronicles 22:01](../22/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/18.md b/2ch/21/18.md index 9eb30ff501..f71b73f8b9 100644 --- a/2ch/21/18.md +++ b/2ch/21/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## struck him in his intestines with an incurable disease ## +# Yahweh struck him in his intestines with an incurable disease -AT: "gave him an incurable disease in his intestines" +Here "struck" is an idiom that means Yahweh caused him to be sick. AT: "Yahweh caused him to suffer from an incurable disease in his intestines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## in due time ## +# It came about -AT: "in the proper time" or "when the time was right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase marks an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## made no fire in his honor ## +# in due time -AT: "did not honor him with a bonfire" +This is an idiom that refers to a set or appointed time. AT: "in the proper time" or "when the time was right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## unlamented ## +# made no fire in his honor as they had done for his ancestors -AT: "without sadness" \ No newline at end of file +The custom of the Israelites was to make a bonfire to honor the king who had died. They did not do this for Jehoram to express their contempt for him. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "did not make a bonfire to honor him as they normally did to honor kings when they died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he died unlamented + +"no one was sad that he died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/21/intro.md b/2ch/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..468a947f8b --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 21 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Evil ##### +Doing evil causes the country to decline. Jehoshaphat's son was evil. Edom and Libna successfully revolted against him, the Arabs plundered him and he died of an intestinal disease. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Simile ##### + +The author compares worship of Baal to being a prostitute: "to act like a prostitute." Idolatry by the people of God is often pictured as prostitution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/22/01.md b/2ch/22/01.md index 5b0dcbd5b3..1cd37766cf 100644 --- a/2ch/22/01.md +++ b/2ch/22/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Athaliah ## +# for the band of men ... had killed all his older sons -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is background information about the events of [2 Chronicles 21:16-17](../21/16.md). Ahaziah was called "Jehoahaz" in that earlier account. It is possible he changed his name when he became king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## "He walked in the way" ## +# all his older sons -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 20:31](../20/31.md) \ No newline at end of file +"all Jehoram's older sons" + +# twenty-two years old + +"22 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Athaliah + +This is the name of Ahaziah's mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He also walked in the ways + +Here "walked in the ways" is an idiom that means he followed Ahab's example. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 20:32](../20/31.md). AT: "He also followed the example" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the house of Ahab + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 21:6](../21/06.md). AT: "the descendants of Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/22/04.md b/2ch/22/04.md index b836067def..2e1668bece 100644 --- a/2ch/22/04.md +++ b/2ch/22/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## in Yahweh’s sight ## +# in the sight of Yahweh -AT: "in Yahweh's opinion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The sight of Yahweh represents his judgment or evaluation. AT: "as Yahweh judged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Hazael ## +# the house of Ahab was doing -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 21:6](../21/06.md). AT: "the descendants of Ahab were doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they were his advisors + +"descendants of Ahab advised him" + +# to his destruction + +"and this caused his destruction" + +# He also followed their advice; he went + +"He also followed their advice and went" or "He also followed their advice to go" + +# to fight against Hazael, king of Aram + +The reader should understand that Hazael did not fight alone, but that he took his army with him. AT: "to fight against Hazael, king of Aram, and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Hazael + +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/22/06.md b/2ch/22/06.md index a4fc66ad40..98f36ec188 100644 --- a/2ch/22/06.md +++ b/2ch/22/06.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# of the wounds that they had given him + +"from the wounds that he received at the battle" + +# went down to Jezreel + +Jezreel was lower in elevation than Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/22/07.md b/2ch/22/07.md index cceb7c9895..4c44427405 100644 --- a/2ch/22/07.md +++ b/2ch/22/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## Nimshi ## +# Now the destruction of Ahaziah was brought about by God -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "destruction" can be stated as an action. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God caused Ahaziah to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# visit to Joram ... went with Jehoram + +"Joram" and "Jehoram" are two names for the same person. + +# Nimshi + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# It came about + +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# carrying out God's judgment on the house of Ahab + +This refers to killing the descendants of Ahab. AT: "killing all the descendants of Ahab as God had commanded" + +# the house of Ahab + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 21:6](../21/06.md). AT: "the descendants of Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the sons of Ahaziah's brothers + +Possible meanings are 1) Ahaziah's nephews or 2) the sons of Ahaziah's relatives . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/22/09.md b/2ch/22/09.md index a4fc66ad40..6e0f4eb98a 100644 --- a/2ch/22/09.md +++ b/2ch/22/09.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# they caught him ... killed him + +"they caught Ahaziah ... killed Ahaziah" + +# they buried him, for they said, "He is a son of Jehoshaphat, who sought Yahweh with all his heart." + +They honored him enough to bury his body because he was the descendant of Jehoshaphat, who was a good king. This can be stated explicitly. AT: they buried his corpse, because they said, "He deserves to be buried, because he was a descendant of Jehoshaphat, who tried hard to please Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the house of Ahaziah had no more power to rule the kingdom + +Here "house of Ahaziah" is a metonym that refers to Ahaziah's descendants. Here "power to rule" is a metonym for a king. Since all the adult descendants of Ahaziah were dead, there was no one left to rule Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/22/10.md b/2ch/22/10.md index 3bd6cc9b95..5b761d876c 100644 --- a/2ch/22/10.md +++ b/2ch/22/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## ## +# she arose and killed all the royal children -Jehoshaba...Jehoiada** - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the writer speaks of Athaliah as if she killed the children herself, but the reader should understand that she would have ordered her servants to kill them. AT: "she commanded her servants to kill all the royal children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all the royal children + +This refers only to the males, because they could become king. Verse 11 confirms that the sons were the ones who were killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case, it refers to the kingdom of Judah. AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Jehosheba, a daughter of the king ... a daughter of King Jehoram + +Here "of the king" refers back to Jehoram, the father of Ahaziah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# his nurse + +This refers to a person who cares for a child, not to a medical person. + +# into a bedroom + +Verse 12 makes it clear that this bedroom was located in the temple. Jehosheba could access that room because she was married to Jehoiada who was a priest. + +# Jehoiada + +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He was with them + +"Joash was with Jehosheba and Jehoiada" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/22/intro.md b/2ch/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e0ae486a6a --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is the beginning of the story of Queen Athaliah. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The author compares Athaliah's evil deeds to Ahab's family's evil lives: "walked in the ways of the house of Ahab." Ahab is pictured as the epitome of evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/01.md b/2ch/23/01.md index d50097fda8..11c043599e 100644 --- a/2ch/23/01.md +++ b/2ch/23/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## Jehoiada ## +# General Information: + +Throughout chapter 23, Joash is referred to as "the king." It may be helpful to your readers to occasionally add "King Joash" or "Joash the king" to make his identity explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Jehoiada the chief priest who served in the temple and was faithful to God. He was an advisor to Joash. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the son of Obed; Maaseiah, the son of Adaiah; and Elishaphat, the son of Zichri ## +# showed his strength -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +He decided it was time to challenge Athaliah's rule and reveal that Joash was alive and ready to be king. AT: "decided to act" + +# the commanders of hundreds + +The phrase "commander of hundreds" is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word "hundreds" represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "hundreds" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. AT: "the commanders of military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# entered into a covenant + +"made an agreement" + +# Azariah ... Ishmael ... Azariah ... Maaseiah ... Elishaphat + +These five men were the commanders of hundreds of soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jeroham ... Jehohanan ... Obed ... Adaiah ... Zichri + +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the heads of the ancestral houses of Israel + +Here "heads" is a metaphor for the most important part. And "houses" represents the families. AT: "leaders of the founding families of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the king's son + +Here, "king" refers to Joash's father. AT: "Joash, the son of the king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/04.md b/2ch/23/04.md index 5d3736b9d0..694cbf00b8 100644 --- a/2ch/23/04.md +++ b/2ch/23/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## all the people ## +# A third ... Another third ... the other third -AT: "many people " (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +"One-third ... Another one-third ... the other one-third" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# will be guards at the doors + +"will be guards at the temple doors" + +# the Foundation Gate + +This gate may have also been called the "Middle Gate" or the "Sur Gate." It was apparently an inner gate that was near the king's palace. + +# All the people + +This is a generalization that refers to all the people who are present. AT: "All the other people who are present" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/06.md b/2ch/23/06.md index 15415892a0..9c2627e213 100644 --- a/2ch/23/06.md +++ b/2ch/23/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## when he comes in and when he goes out ## +# Allow no one to come into the house of Yahweh -AT: "wherever he goes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Do not allow anyone to come into the house of Yahweh" + +# But all the other people must obey the commands of Yahweh + +It may be helpful to state that command. AT: "All the others must remain in the courtyard, obeying what Yahweh has commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The Levites must surround the king on all sides + +"The Levites must surround the king on all sides in order to protect him" + +# all sides, every man with his weapons in his hand + +"all sides, and every temple guard should have his weapons and be ready to fight" + +# Whoever comes into the house, let him be killed + +This did not include the temple guards and the priests. This can be stated explicitly and in active form. AT: "You must kill anyone except the temple guards and the priests who come into the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when he comes in and when he goes out + +Possible meanings are 1) "at all times" or 2) "wherever he goes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/08.md b/2ch/23/08.md index 1807ee91a4..13ac2c02f9 100644 --- a/2ch/23/08.md +++ b/2ch/23/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## all Judah served in every way in which Jehoiada commanded ## +# all Judah -AT: "most of the people were obedient to the commands of the high priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is a generalization to refer to all the people of Judah who were present in the courtyard that day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## were to leave off serving on the Sabbath ## +# served in every way in the manner in which Jehoiada the priest commanded -AT: "were finishing their work on that Sabbath day" \ No newline at end of file +"did exactly what Jehoiada the priest commanded" or "obeyed everything that Jehoiada the priest commanded" + +# Each one took his men ... any of their divisions + +The priests and guards served in divisions, with each group working for two weeks. This refers to the point in time when two divisions were present—the one ending their service and the one starting their service. Thus there were twice as many men as usual. + +# were to leave off serving on the Sabbath + +"were finishing their work on that Sabbath day" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/10.md b/2ch/23/10.md index fc8da565cf..b834cf0554 100644 --- a/2ch/23/10.md +++ b/2ch/23/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## gave him the covenant decrees ## +# General Information: -AT: "Recited the terms of the covenant" \ No newline at end of file +Throughout chapter 23, Joash is referred to as "the king." It may be helpful to your readers to occasionally add "King Joash" or "Joash the king" to make his identity explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# with his weapon in his hand + +This means they were ready to fight. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 23:7](./06.md). + +# the king's son + +Here "king" refers to Joash's father. AT: "Joash, the son of the king" + +# put the crown on him + +This is a symbolic act to show that they are making him king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# gave him the covenant decrees + +The symbolic act of giving him a scroll with the decrees shows that they expect him to obey them. It is unclear if these decrees were a portion of the law of Moses, or a separate set of rules for kings to obey. AT: "presented to him the covenant decrees that he should obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# anointed him + +This was a symbolic act to show that he was chosen by God to be the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Long live the king + +"May the king live a long life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/12.md b/2ch/23/12.md index 63cf07a714..dedc9d71e1 100644 --- a/2ch/23/12.md +++ b/2ch/23/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## all the people of the land ## +# behold -AT: "almost all of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This alerts the reader that the following information is very important. + +# standing by his pillar at the entrance + +The relationship between the king and this particular pillar at the temple entrance is unclear. + +# All the people of the land + +This is a generalization to show that many people participated in the event. AT: "A very large number of the people of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Athaliah tore her clothes + +This was a symbolic action to show her great distress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Treason! Treason! + +Treason is acting to overthrow the government. Athaliah had killed the legitimate heirs of the king and made herself ruler in [2 Chronicles 22:10-11](../22/10.md). She was angry that Joash became king in her place. The exclamation is repeated for emphasis. AT: "You are committing treason!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/14.md b/2ch/23/14.md index 3dc6a8fd7f..926b51ef64 100644 --- a/2ch/23/14.md +++ b/2ch/23/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## Jehoiada ## +# Jehoiada -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Translate this man's name as in [2 Chronicles 22:11](../22/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## who were over the army ## +# the commanders of hundreds -AT: "who were leaders in the army" +The phrase "commander of hundreds" is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word "hundreds" represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "hundreds" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 23:1](./01.md). AT: "the commanders of military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## between the ranks ## +# who were over the army -AT: "in the midst of the soldiers" \ No newline at end of file +"who were leaders in the army" + +# Bring her out between the ranks + +Possible meanings are 1) "Surround her and bring her out of the temple courtyard" or 2) "Remove her from the people in the temple courtyard" + +# anyone who follows her, let him be killed with the sword + +This can be stated in active form. It is implied that people who followed her would be trying to help her. AT: "Use your sword to kill anyone who comes to help her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For the priest had said + +"For Jehoiada the priest had said" + +# as she went into the entrance of the Horse Gate of the king's house + +Some versions have "and took her to the Horse Gate near the entrance of the kings' house" + +# the king's house + +"the royal palace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/16.md b/2ch/23/16.md index 232993e4b0..bbdeffe6ee 100644 --- a/2ch/23/16.md +++ b/2ch/23/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## all of the people went to the house of Baal ## +# General Information: -AT: "almost all of the people went to the temple of Baal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Throughout chapter 23, Joash is referred to as "the king." It may be helpful to your readers to occasionally add "King Joash" or "Joash the king" to make his identity explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Mattan ## +# all the people went to the house of Baal -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a generalization that means a large group of the people did this. AT: "a very large group of the people went to the temple of Baal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Mattan + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/18.md b/2ch/23/18.md index 7ba4563a3b..90642611c7 100644 --- a/2ch/23/18.md +++ b/2ch/23/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## under the hand of the priests ## +# under the hand of the priests -AT: "under the direction of the priests" +Here "hand" represents control. AT: "under the direction of the priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## no one that was unclean in any way should enter ## +# so that no one that was unclean in any way should enter -AT: no one unclean is allowed to enter for any reason" \ No newline at end of file +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if they were physically unclean. AT: "so that no one that was unacceptable to God in any way should enter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that no one that was unclean in any way should enter + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "to make sure that only those who are clean could enter" or "to make sure only those who are acceptable to God could enter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/20.md b/2ch/23/20.md index 66a1cb431a..f639c57ff2 100644 --- a/2ch/23/20.md +++ b/2ch/23/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## He brought down the king from the house of Yahweh ## +# the commanders of hundreds -AT: "He brought the king from the temple at the top of the hill to the palace" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "commander of hundreds" is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word "hundreds" represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "hundreds" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. AT: "the commanders of military divisions" See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 23:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# all the people of the land + +This is a generalization that means he took very many people with him. AT: "a very large group of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# He brought down the king from the house of Yahweh + +The temple was built on the highest hill in Jerusalem. AT: "He brought the king down from the temple to the palace" + +# the throne of the kingdom + +"the royal throne" + +# So all the people of the land + +This is generalization to say that most of the people rejoiced. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the city was quiet + +Here "the city" represents the people of the city, and "quiet" represents peace, since no one opposed Joash after Athaliah died. AT: "the people of the city were at peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/23/intro.md b/2ch/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e37d8abe40 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The chapter ends the story of Queen Athaliah and begins the story of King Joash. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Having a king ##### +The high priest organized a coup and made seven-year-old Joash king. Athaliah objected, so the chief priest had her killed. This was an attempt by the priests to fulfill the covenant God made with David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/01.md b/2ch/24/01.md index 8f9488f4f5..10b4fa2d57 100644 --- a/2ch/24/01.md +++ b/2ch/24/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Zibiah ## +# began to reign -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"became king of Judah" -## what was right in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# forty years -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md) +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## all the days of Jehoiada, the priest ## +# Zibiah -AT: "as long as Jehoiada was alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh + +The word "eyes" here represents seeing, and seeing represents judgment. Yahweh saw and approved of Joash's actions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md). AT: "what Yahweh judged to be right" or "what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the days of Jehoiada, the priest + +This idiom means "as long as Jehoiada, the priest, was alive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Jehoiada took for him two wives + +"Jehoiada chose two wives for Joash" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/04.md b/2ch/24/04.md index f367f8f344..80b718da5a 100644 --- a/2ch/24/04.md +++ b/2ch/24/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## right away ## +# It came about after this -AT: "immediately" \ No newline at end of file +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# right away + +"immediately" + +# The Levites did nothing at first + +It may be helpful to add "but" to show that the Levites did not obey. AT: "But the Levites did not do it immediately" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/06.md b/2ch/24/06.md index 3c743aee4a..995a343b3e 100644 --- a/2ch/24/06.md +++ b/2ch/24/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## for the tent of the covenant decrees? ## +# Why have you not required the Levites ... covenant decrees? -Although it refers to the temple that Solomon built, it is a reminder that the "tent of meeting" was the first holy place for the the people of God. +King Joash asks this rhetorical question to accuse Jehoiada of not doing his duty. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have neglected your duty. I told you to require the Levites ... covenant decrees, but you have not done it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## dedicated furnishings ## +# for the tent of the covenant decrees -This refers to the furniture used in the temple. \ No newline at end of file +Although it refers to the temple that Solomon built, it is a reminder that this tax has been collected since the time of Moses and the "tent of meeting." + +# holy things + +This refers to the items used for worship in the temple. + +# to the Baals + +"to people to use for the worship of idols of Baal" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/08.md b/2ch/24/08.md index a4fc66ad40..16acbd970b 100644 --- a/2ch/24/08.md +++ b/2ch/24/08.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# a chest + +a large wooden box + +# they made a proclamation + +"they proclaimed" or "they announced" + +# All the leaders and all the people + +This is a generalization. Some people probably did not respond this way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/11.md b/2ch/24/11.md index b5bbefccf5..d77b0d7ea3 100644 --- a/2ch/24/11.md +++ b/2ch/24/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## stonemasons and carpenters ## +# It happened that whenever -AT: "those who built with stone and those who built with wood" +This phrase introduces a new, recurring action. If your language has a way to note this, you may use it here. -## worked in iron and bronze ## +# take it and carry it back to its place -AT: "those who worked with metal" \ No newline at end of file +"take the chest and carry it back to its place" + +# stonemasons and carpenters + +"men who built with stone and men who built with wood" + +# those who worked in iron and bronze + +"men who made things from iron and bronze" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/13.md b/2ch/24/13.md index fb9c08cc6e..b6ae011221 100644 --- a/2ch/24/13.md +++ b/2ch/24/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## went forward in their hands ## +# went forward in their hands -AT: "they did with their hands" +Here the word "forward" represents progress, and the word "hands" represents their control. AT: "made progress under their supervision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## continually for all the days of Jehoiada ## +# the rest of the money -AT: "everyday during the life of Jehoiada" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is money that was collected in the chest but not needed for repairs. + +# furnishings + +This refers to the "utensils" and "spoons" listed later in the verse. + +# for all the days of Jehoiada + +This idiom refers to the lifespan of Jehoiada. AT: "for as long as Jehoiada lived" or "throughout the lifetime of Jehoiada" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/15.md b/2ch/24/15.md index a4fc66ad40..93ae76f605 100644 --- a/2ch/24/15.md +++ b/2ch/24/15.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# grew old and was full of days + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how long he lived. AT: "became very old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# was full of days + +This idiom means he lived a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# 130 years old + +"one hundred and thirty years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# among the kings + +"among the tombs of the kings" or "among the graves of the kings" + +# because he had done good in Israel, toward God, and to God's house + +The nominal adjective "good" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "because he had done good things in Judah for God and for God's temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/17.md b/2ch/24/17.md index 70894f18e4..8954854adb 100644 --- a/2ch/24/17.md +++ b/2ch/24/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## did honor to the king ## +# did honor to the king -AT: "gave honor to the king" +"gave honor to King Joash" or "honored the king" -## this wrongdoing of theirs ## +# Then the king listened to them -AT: "their sin" \ No newline at end of file +The following verse indicates that they wanted the king to serve idols instead of Yahweh, and he agreed. AT: "Then they persuaded the king to do what they wanted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# God's anger came on Judah and Jerusalem + +God's anger is spoken of as something that covered over Judah and Jerusalem. Here the words "Judah" and "Jerusalem" are metonyms for the people who lived there. AT: "God became very angry with the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this wrongdoing of theirs + +"their sin" + +# Yet he sent + +Here the word "yet" indicates a contrast between God's anger and his sending of the prophets to give them a chance to repent and avoid judgment. + +# to himself, Yahweh + +The reflexive pronoun emphasizes that Yahweh was the one to whom they should turn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# they refused to listen + +"the people refused to obey" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/20.md b/2ch/24/20.md index a82ecc4b07..a47e5eb176 100644 --- a/2ch/24/20.md +++ b/2ch/24/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## ignored the kindness that Jehoiada, Zechariah’s father, had done to him. ## +# The Spirit of God came on Zechariah -Joash did not pay attention or remember the great kindness of Jehoiada, Zechariah's father. +This is an idiom which means that the Spirit of God influenced Zechariah and enabled him to prophesy. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 15:1](../15/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## call you to account ## +# Zechariah son of Jehoiada -AT: "you will pay for the wrong you have done" \ No newline at end of file +This was not the same man as Zechariah son of Berechiah who wrote the Book of Zechariah. + +# Why do you transgress the commandments of Yahweh, so that you cannot prosper? + +Zechariah asked this rhetorical question to rebuke the people. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are transgressing the commandments of Yahweh, so that is why you cannot prosper." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# ignored the kindness that Jehoiada, Zechariah's father, had done to him + +Joash did not pay attention to the way that Jehoiada, Zechariah's father, had been kind to Joash. + +# call you to account + +"make you pay for the wrong you have done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/23.md b/2ch/24/23.md index a4fc66ad40..2d7ebe92eb 100644 --- a/2ch/24/23.md +++ b/2ch/24/23.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# It came about + +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# sent all the plunder from them + +"sent all the plunder from Judah and Jerusalem" + +# victory over a very great army + +"victory over the much larger army of Judah" + +# In this way the Arameans brought judgment on Joash + +This refers to God's judgment. This can be stated as an action. AT: "In this way God used the Arameans to judge Joash" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/25.md b/2ch/24/25.md index c456ada202..f1a7a68676 100644 --- a/2ch/24/25.md +++ b/2ch/24/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Zabad, the son of Shimeath, the Ammonitess; and Jehozabad, the son of Shimrith, the Moabitess ## +# Joash had been severely wounded -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they had severely wounded Joash" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because of the murder of the sons of Jehoiada + +"because he had murdered the sons of Jehoiada" + +# They killed him in his bed + +"The servants killed Joash in his bed" + +# Zabad ... Jehozabad + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shimeath, an Ammonite woman ... Shimrith, a Moabite woman + +"Shimeath, from the country of Ammon ... Shimrith, from the country of Moab." These are the names of two women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/27.md b/2ch/24/27.md index 81ec90bd86..14509aec23 100644 --- a/2ch/24/27.md +++ b/2ch/24/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## The Commentary on the Book of the Kings ## +# the accounts about his sons + +"the record of what his sons did" + +# the important prophecies that were spoken about him + +"the important things the prophets spoke about him" + +# see, they are written + +Here "see" alerts the reader to pay special attention to the information that follows. + +# the commentary on the book of the kings This is a book which no longer exists. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/24/intro.md b/2ch/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c18a6d9f8b --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Joash is completed in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Joash repairs the temple ##### + +Joash decided to repair the temple. The Levites collected money from people and gave it to the workmen to repair the temple. This was a sign of worship towards Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]]) + +##### Joash becomes evil ##### + +When Joash stopped worshiping Yahweh, he had many troubles. Joash remaind loyal to Yahweh as long as the chief priest lived, but when the chief priest died Joash started following other gods. The chief priest's son warned him that he would have trouble, so he had him killed. The army of Aram defeated and plundered him and his servants murdered him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/01.md b/2ch/25/01.md index 99a07e0ff9..7d12fd4a02 100644 --- a/2ch/25/01.md +++ b/2ch/25/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Jehoaddin ## +# twenty-five years ... twenty-nine years + +"25 years ... 29 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jehoaddan This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## what was right in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "eyes" represents sight, and sight represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:02](../14/01.md). AT: "what Yahweh judged to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but not with a whole heart + +Here the phrase "whole heart" is an idiom that means "completely." AT: "but not completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/03.md b/2ch/25/03.md index 3967a27ec2..e3a156a164 100644 --- a/2ch/25/03.md +++ b/2ch/25/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the book of Moses ## +# It came about that -This is a reference to the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. \ No newline at end of file +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# the book of Moses + +This is a reference to the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/05.md b/2ch/25/05.md index 2cefaf0ced..c13293427b 100644 --- a/2ch/25/05.md +++ b/2ch/25/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,39 @@ -## registered ## +# gathered Judah together -He had their names written on an official list. +Here "Judah" refers to the people who lived in Judah. AT: "gathered the people of Judah together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## talent ## +# registered them ... numbered them -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file +He had someone write their names on an official list. + +# by their ancestors' houses + +Here the word "houses" is a metonym for the families that lived in them. AT: "by their ancestors' families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds + +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "commanders of 1,000 soldiers and commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "commanders of large military divisions and commanders of smaller military divisions" See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# all of Judah and Benjamin + +Here "Judah" and "Benjamin" refer to the people who lived in the wider kingdom of Judah. AT: "all the people of Judah and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# twenty years old and upward + +Here numbers that were larger than twenty are spoken of as if they were higher. AT: "20 years old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# found them to be + +"learned that there were" + +# 300,000 ... 100,000 + +"three hundred thousand ... one hundred thousand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# chosen men + +"capable soldiers" or "skilled warriors" + +# one hundred talents of silver + +"100 talents of silver." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "about thirty-three hundred kilograms of silver" or "about 3,300 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/07.md b/2ch/25/07.md index a4fc66ad40..e806544121 100644 --- a/2ch/25/07.md +++ b/2ch/25/07.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# a man of God + +"a prophet of God" + +# Israel ... the people of Ephraim + +These are two names for the same group people. + +# throw you down before the enemy ... throw down + +Here the prophet speaks of military defeat as if the king would be thrown down on the ground. AT: "enable your enemy to defeat you ... defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/09.md b/2ch/25/09.md index 1384005033..5612869a19 100644 --- a/2ch/25/09.md +++ b/2ch/25/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## So their anger was greatly kindled ## +# about the one hundred talents -AT: "So they began to burn with anger (like a fire)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "about the thirty-three hundred kilograms of silver" or "about the 3,300 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## in fierce anger ## +# the army of Israel ... the army that had come to him from Ephraim -AT: "very angry" \ No newline at end of file +These are two ways to describe the same army. + +# So their anger was greatly kindled + +Here the increase in their anger is spoken of as if it were a growing fire inside them. AT: "So their anger began to burn within them like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in fierce anger + +"very angry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/11.md b/2ch/25/11.md index ee071a502c..d89a5ba48b 100644 --- a/2ch/25/11.md +++ b/2ch/25/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Valley of Salt ## +# took courage + +"became brave" + +# Valley of Salt This is an area near the Dead Sea. -## so that they were all broken in pieces ## +# ten thousand men ... another ten thousand -AT: "so that they all died." \ No newline at end of file +"10,000 men ... another 10,000 soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# so that they were all broken in pieces + +This is an exaggeration to emphasize the thoroughness of the slaughter. AT: "so that they were all completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/13.md b/2ch/25/13.md index e0736206b4..39b967b5b5 100644 --- a/2ch/25/13.md +++ b/2ch/25/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Bethhoron ## +# the men of the army which Amaziah sent back + +"the men of the army of Israel which Amaziah sent back to Israel" + +# Beth Horon This was a village near Jerusalem in Ephraim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## struck down ## +# struck down -AT: "killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "struck down" is an idiom that means they killed them. AT: "killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# three thousand of the people + +"3,000 people" + +# took much plunder + +"took away a great amount of valuable things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/14.md b/2ch/25/14.md index 865932824e..bc8a110d51 100644 --- a/2ch/25/14.md +++ b/2ch/25/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## set them up to be his own gods ## +# Now it came about -AT: "worshiped these false gods" +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Why have you sought after the gods of a people who did not even save their own people from your hand ## +# the slaughter of the Edomites -AT: "You have worshipped the gods of a people that did not even save their own people from you, king Amaziah." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"slaughtering the Edomites" or "killing the Edomites" + +# the gods of the people of Seir + +"the gods that the people of Seir worshiped" + +# bowed down ... burned incense + +These are symbolic acts of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Yahweh's anger was kindled against Amaziah + +Here the increase in Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were a growing fire. AT: "Yahweh's anger grew like a fire against Amaziah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why have you sought after the gods of a people who did not even save their own people from your hand? + +The prophet uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Amaziah for worshiping the powerless gods of the people he had defeated. Here the word "hand" is a metonym for power. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have worshiped the gods of a people that did not even save their own people from your power, King Amaziah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the gods ... who did not even save their own people + +This expresses the popular opinion of the day that the gods determined who won battles. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/16.md b/2ch/25/16.md index c2238e86fd..658eb3cf9d 100644 --- a/2ch/25/16.md +++ b/2ch/25/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Have we made you as advisor to the king? Stop. Why should you be killed? ## +# It came about that - AT: "We certainly did not appoint you to be one of my advisors. So stop talking! If you say anything more, I will tell my soldiers to kill you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase is used here to mark the next important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# Have we made you an advisor to the king? Stop! Why should you be killed? + +The king used these rhetorical questions to rebuke the prophet for speaking against him. The questions can be translated as statements. AT: "We certainly did not appoint you to be one of my advisors. So stop talking! If you say anything more, I will tell my soldiers to kill you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you have done this deed + +This refers back to Amaziah worshiping the gods of the Edomites in [2 Chronicles 25:14](./14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/17.md b/2ch/25/17.md index 3b9326ba9d..672fd9d0fe 100644 --- a/2ch/25/17.md +++ b/2ch/25/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Jehoahaz...Jehoash ## +# Jehoash ... Jehoahaz -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# meet each other face to face + +This idiom means they would both be there in person, rather than communicating through messages or other people. AT: "meet each other in person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/18.md b/2ch/25/18.md index d2608638c2..81ed09feea 100644 --- a/2ch/25/18.md +++ b/2ch/25/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -This story is a [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]. +# A thistle that was in Lebanon ... trampled down the thistle -## thistle ## +This message is in the form of a parable. The worthless thistle represents Amaziah, and the cedar represents Jehoash. The trampling of the thistle by the beast expresses that something bad will happen to the thistle, and it will be powerless to stop it. The point of the parable is that Amaziah was foolish to challenge Jehoash. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -This is a small bush. +# thistle -## Cedar tree - ## +This is a small, worthless plant with small, sharp thorns. -** A very large type of tree. Here it represents the soldiers of Israel. +# cedar -## for why should you cause yourself trouble and fall, both you and Judah with you? ## +a very large type of tree -AT: "you should not cause yourself trouble and fall, both you and Judah with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# your heart has lifted you up + +This is an idiom that means he had become proud. AT: "you have become proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# why should you cause yourself trouble and fall, both you and Judah with you? + +Jehoash used this rhetorical question to warn Amaziah not to fight with him. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "you should not cause yourself trouble and fall, both you and Judah with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# fall + +Here "fall" is a euphemism for "die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Judah + +Here "Judah" is a metonym for the people who lived in Judah. AT: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/20.md b/2ch/25/20.md index de8f8679b3..240308da35 100644 --- a/2ch/25/20.md +++ b/2ch/25/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## struck down before ## +# this event was from God -AT: "defeated by" \ No newline at end of file +"God wanted this event to happen" + +# into the hand of their enemies + +Here "hand" refers to power to defeat. AT: "into the power of their enemies" or "so their enemies could defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# met each other face to face + +This idiom means they were both at the battle in person, rather than only sending other people to fight. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 25:17](./17.md). AT: "met each other in person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Beth Shemesh, which belongs to Judah + +The city of Beth Shemesh was located in Judah. + +# Judah was struck down before Israel + +Here "Judah" and "Israel" are metonyms for the soldiers of Judah and Israel, and "struck down" is an idiom that means "defeated." This can be stated in active form. AT: "The soldiers of Israel defeated the soldiers of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every man + +This is a generalization that refers to the soldiers of Judah who survived the battle. AT: "the surviving soldiers of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/23.md b/2ch/25/23.md index 33aa21362d..afac16235e 100644 --- a/2ch/25/23.md +++ b/2ch/25/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## cubit ## +# four hundred cubits in distance -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "400 cubits in distance" or "a length of 180 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## Obededom ## +# with Obed Edom -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Obed Edom" refers to this man's descendants. AT: "under the care of the descendants of Obed Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the king's house + +"the royal palace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/25.md b/2ch/25/25.md index 67cef720dd..f450837d90 100644 --- a/2ch/25/25.md +++ b/2ch/25/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## first and last ## +# As for the other matters ... are they not written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel? -AT: "everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This rhetorical question is used to remind the reader that what happened to Amaziah is well-known. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "All of the matters concerning Amaziah, behold, are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## are they not written in The Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel? ## +# the other matters concerning Amaziah, first and last -AT: "they are written in the Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the phrase "first and last" refers to those extremes and everything in between. AT: "all the matters concerning Amaziah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# behold + +This alerts the reader to pay special attention to the truth of what follows. + +# the book of the kings of Judah and Israel + +This refers to a book that no longer exists. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/27.md b/2ch/25/27.md index 291bcf449e..5675ba982d 100644 --- a/2ch/25/27.md +++ b/2ch/25/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Lachish ## +# turned away from following Yahweh -A city in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here "turn away" is an idiom that means he no longer obeyed Yahweh. AT: "stopped obeying Yahweh" or "started to disobey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## City of Judah ## +# they began to make a conspiracy ... they sent ... They brought -another name for City of David, or Jerusalem \ No newline at end of file +The text does not state to whom "they" refers. Retain the generic "they" in your translation if possible. + +# make a conspiracy against him + +The abstract noun "conspiracy" can be stated as an action. AT: "conspire against him" or "plot against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Lachish + +a city in Judah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# brought him back + +"brought back his body" + +# city of Judah + +This was another name for Jerusalem, which was also called the city of David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/25/intro.md b/2ch/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6e4de06e71 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 25 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Worshiping other gods ##### + +When Amaziah trusted God he was successful against Edom. But when he started worshiping the idols of Edom he was badly defeated. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/01.md b/2ch/26/01.md index 8dffac7cf7..8369fb1f77 100644 --- a/2ch/26/01.md +++ b/2ch/26/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Eloth ## +# All the people of Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in place of his father Amaziah -This was a town on the Gulf of Aqaba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The word "All" is a generalization. Some people may not have wanted him to be king. AT: "The people of Judah took the 16 year-old Uzziah and made him king after his father, Amaziah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## the king slept with his ancestors ## +# sixteen ... fifty-two -"the king died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"16 ... 52" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## fifty-two years ## +# It was he who rebuilt Elath -two years** - (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]]) \ No newline at end of file +Uzziah did not do this alone. AT: "It was he who ordered Elath to be rebuilt" or "It was he who supervised the rebuilding of Elath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Elath + +a city in Judah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# restored it to Judah + +"returned it to Judah." This means that his army captured the city so that now it belonged to Judah again. + +# slept with his ancestors + +This is a polite way to say he died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/04.md b/2ch/26/04.md index 97ab511b55..70c295d35e 100644 --- a/2ch/26/04.md +++ b/2ch/26/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md) +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). AT: "what Yahweh judges to be right" or "what Yahweh considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in everything ## +# following the example of his father, Amaziah, in everything -AT: "in the same way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This implies that his father had done what was right in God's eyes. AT: "just as his father, Amaziah, had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## He set himself to seek ## +# in everything -AT: "He was determined to please" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a generalization. AT: "in the same way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# He set himself to seek God + +Here "set himself" is a metaphor for being determined to do something. Seeking God represents choosing to know, worship, and obey him. AT: "He was determined to obey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the days of Zechariah + +Here "the days of Zechariah" is a metonym referring to the time period during which Zechariah was priest. AT: "when Zechariah was priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# As long as he sought Yahweh + +"During the whole time that he sought Yahweh" + +# sought Yahweh + +Seeking Yahweh represents choosing to know, worship, and obey him. AT: "chose to obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/06.md b/2ch/26/06.md index facd4a7a8f..131c0e990f 100644 --- a/2ch/26/06.md +++ b/2ch/26/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Jabneh ## +# Uzziah went out and fought against the Philistines + +Here "Uzziah" represents himself and his army that he led. AT: "Uzziah led his army out to fight against the Philistines" or "Uzziah and his army went out and fought against the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He broke down ... he built cities ... God helped him + +Here the pronouns "He" and "him" represent Uzziah and his army. AT: "Uzziah and his army broke down ... they built cities ... God helped them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Jabneh This was a town in northern Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gurbaal ## +# the country of Ashdod -This was a town in Arabia. +"the country surrounding Ashdod" or "near Ashdod" -## Meunites ## +# Gurbaal -This is likely the kingdom of the Maon people near Mount Seir. +This was a town in Arabia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and his fame spread to other lands ## +# Meunites -** AT: "and he became well-known to other lands." +This is likely people who moved to that area from the kingdom of Maon near Mount Seir. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the entrance of Egypt ## +# his fame spread, even to the entrance of Egypt -AT: "the border of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +His fame spreading is a metaphor for people in various places learning about him. AT: "people who lived even as far away as the border of Egypt learned about the things he was doing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/09.md b/2ch/26/09.md index 15dd51e35c..37cfdba42d 100644 --- a/2ch/26/09.md +++ b/2ch/26/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## cistern ## +# Uzziah built towers -This is a large storage area for water such as rain. +Here "Uzziah" represents the workers he had commanded to build the towers. AT: "Uzziah had his workers build towers" or "Uzziah's workers built towers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Uzziah had much cattle in the lowlands as well as in the plains…farmers and vinegrowers in the hill country and in the fruitful fields ## +# He built watchtowers ... and dug many cisterns -AT: "Uzziah had people who farmed all of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Uzziah commanded his workers, and they did these things. AT: "He had his workers build watchtowers ... and dig many cisterns" or "They built watchtowers ... and dug many cisterns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he had much cattle ... He had farmers ... he loved farming + +The word "he" refers to Uzziah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/11.md b/2ch/26/11.md index 6b2a19bf2e..bee228e676 100644 --- a/2ch/26/11.md +++ b/2ch/26/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Jeiel, the scribe, and Maaseiah, the officer, under the authority of Hananiah, one of the king’s commanders ## +# Jeiel ... Maaseiah, the officer ... Hananiah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## 2,600...307,500 ## +# the leaders of the families who led the mighty men -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the family leaders who led the mighty men" + +# 2,600 ... 307,500 + +"two thousand six hundred ... three hundred seven thousand five hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Under their hand was an army + +Here "their hand" represents their authority. AT: "Under their authority was an army" or "They commanded an army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/14.md b/2ch/26/14.md index 55b4b99991..4665b64daf 100644 --- a/2ch/26/14.md +++ b/2ch/26/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## helmet ## +# Uzziah prepared for them -This is a protective head covering. +"Uzziah provided for them" -## coats of mail ## +# helmets -This is a covering for the body made of metal links or chains. \ No newline at end of file +A helmet is a protective head covering. + +# coats of mail + +This is a covering for the body made of metal links or chains. + +# he built machines that were designed by skillful men + +Here "he built machines" represents Uzziah commanding his workers to build them. AT: "his workers built machines that were designed by skillful men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the battlements + +These were the corners of the city walls where soldiers could fight from. + +# he was greatly helped + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God greatly helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/16.md b/2ch/26/16.md index 48f91998d8..a8033a9ef1 100644 --- a/2ch/26/16.md +++ b/2ch/26/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## his heart was lifted up ## +# his heart was lifted up -AT: "He became proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the heart being lifted up represents pride. AT: "he became proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the sons of Aaron ## +# with him eighty priests of Yahweh, who were brave men -AT: "the descendants of Aaron" \ No newline at end of file +The verb "went" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "with him went eighty priests of Yahweh, who were brave men" or "eighty priests of Yahweh, who were brave men, went with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# It is not for you, Uzziah, to burn incense to Yahweh + +"It is not right for you, Uzziah, to burn incense to Yahweh" or "Uzziah, you do not have the right to burn incense to Yahweh" + +# the sons of Aaron + +Here "sons" represents descendants. AT: "the descendants of Aaron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who are consecrated to burn incense + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God has consecrated to burn incense" or "whom God has chosen to burn incense" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/19.md b/2ch/26/19.md index 047f1eb2b3..858d26d2c5 100644 --- a/2ch/26/19.md +++ b/2ch/26/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## censer ## +# censer This is a special pan or bowl used for burning incense. -## They quickly drive him out of there. ## +# behold, he had become leprous -AT: "They quickly make him leave." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "behold" here shows that the priests were surprised by what they saw. -## Yahweh had struck him. ## +# They quickly drove him out of there -AT: "Yahweh made him ill." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"They quickly forced him out of there" or "They quickly made him leave" + +# Yahweh had struck him + +This speaks of Yahweh making him sick as if Yahweh had hit him. AT: "Yahweh had made him ill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/21.md b/2ch/26/21.md index c8ad4b34c5..7094c52462 100644 --- a/2ch/26/21.md +++ b/2ch/26/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## lived in a separate house ## +# to the day of his death -This indicates that he lived away from other houses and other people. \ No newline at end of file +"until he died" or "the rest of his life" + +# lived in a separate house + +This indicates that he lived away from other houses and other people. + +# he was cut off from the house of Yahweh + +Here being "cut off" from Yahweh's house represents being excluded from the temple. AT: "he was excluded from the house of Yahweh" or "he was not allowed to go to the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jotham, his son, was over the king's house + +Here being over something represents having responsibility or authority for it. AT: "Jotham, his son, was responsible for the king's house" or "Jotham, his son, was in charge of the palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the king's house + +This refers to the king's palace, which the king was no longer living in. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/22.md b/2ch/26/22.md index d80dd6c23c..2a3d7cd4e5 100644 --- a/2ch/26/22.md +++ b/2ch/26/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## first and last ## +# The other matters concerning Uzziah, from first to last, were recorded by the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz -AT: "everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "As for the other matters concerning Uzziah, from first to last, the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz recorded them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## son of Amoz ## +# from first to last -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This phrase represents the whole time of Uzziah's reign. AT: "from the beginning of his reign to the end of his reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## So Uzziah slept with his ancestors ## +# Amoz -AT: "So Uzziah died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# So Uzziah slept with his ancestors + +This is polite way to say that he died. AT: "So Uzziah died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# they buried him with his ancestors + +"the people buried him near his ancestors" or "they buried him where his ancestors were buried" + +# Jotham, his son, became king in his place + +"Jotham, his son, became king after Uzziah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/26/intro.md b/2ch/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c697093edb --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 26 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Uzzah the leper ##### +Uzzah was powerful when he followed Yahweh. When he entered the temple to burn incense like a priest, God made him a leper. Lepers could not properly worship Yahweh because they were always unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/27/01.md b/2ch/27/01.md index fe7bf11ea8..ef23233e8e 100644 --- a/2ch/27/01.md +++ b/2ch/27/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Jerushah ## +# twenty-five years old ... sixteen years -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"25 years old ... 16 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# Jerushah -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md) +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in everything ## +# He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh -AT: "in the same way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +The eyes here represent seeing, and seeing represents judgment. Yahweh saw and approved of Jotham's actions. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). AT: "He did what Yahweh judged to be right" or "He did what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in everything + +"in everything he did" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/27/03.md b/2ch/27/03.md index 343958d13d..6979571ada 100644 --- a/2ch/27/03.md +++ b/2ch/27/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the hill of Ophel ## +# He built the upper gate ... he built much ... he built cities ... he built castles and towers -This is a hill in Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +Since Jotham was king, he may have had his workers build these things. AT: "He had his workers build the upper gate ... he had his workers build many things ... he had his workers build cities ... he had his workers build castles and towers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hill of Ophel + +This is a hill in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/27/05.md b/2ch/27/05.md index 192a97786c..152d4bb3c5 100644 --- a/2ch/27/05.md +++ b/2ch/27/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## talent ## +# He fought also with the king of the people of Ammon -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +You may need to translate so that the reader understands that Jothan led his army to fight. AT: "He also led his army to fight with the king of the people of Ammon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## measure ## +# with the king of the people of Ammon -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +You may need to translate so that the reader understands that the king of Ammon led his army to fight. AT: "with the king of Ammon and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## in the second and third years. ## +# one hundred talents of silver -AT: "in the second and third years after he defeated them." \ No newline at end of file +You may convert this to a modern measure. A "talent" is equivalent to 33 kilograms. AT: "100 talents of silver" or "3,300 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# ten thousand measures of wheat + +You may convert this to a modern measure. The word translated here as "measure" is "cor" and is equivalent to 220 liters. AT: "10,000 measures of wheat" or "2,200 kiloliters of wheat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# ten thousand measures of barley + +You may convert this to a modern measure. The word translated here as "measure" is "cor" and is equivalent to 220 liters. AT: "10,000 measures of barley" or "2,200 kiloliters of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in the second and third years + +"in the second and third years after he defeated them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/27/06.md b/2ch/27/06.md index 22d118a7ae..7c7c7062e1 100644 --- a/2ch/27/06.md +++ b/2ch/27/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## he walked firmly before Yahweh his God ## +# he walked firmly before Yahweh his God -AT: "he obeyed Yahweh without straying" or "he lived completely dedicated to Yahweh" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jotham's actions and lifestyle are spoken of as if they were a path upon which he walked. That he walked firmly means that he was devoted to living in this way. AT: "he faithfully obeyed Yahweh his God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah ## +# his ways + +Jotham's actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which he walked. AT: "the things that he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# see + +"Indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# they are written in the book + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they are in the book" or "you can read of them in the book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the book of the kings of Israel and Judah This is a book that no longer exists. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/27/08.md b/2ch/27/08.md index a14b8abfad..7d097a88be 100644 --- a/2ch/27/08.md +++ b/2ch/27/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Jotham slept with his ancestors, ## +# twenty-five years old ... sixteen years -AT: "Jotham died," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"25 years old ... 16 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jotham slept with his ancestors + +Jotham dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. AT: "Jotham died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# they buried him + +"people buried him" + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Jotham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/27/intro.md b/2ch/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..54b37e00ab --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 27 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust in Yahweh ##### +Jotham was able to conquer the people of Ammon because he obeyed the Lord. For Yahweh, trust in Yahweh is the key to victory in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/01.md b/2ch/28/01.md index 7fa5905d6e..bedf2c6ee0 100644 --- a/2ch/28/01.md +++ b/2ch/28/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He did not do what was right in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# twenty years old ... sixteen years -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md) +"20 years old ... 16 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel ## +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh -AT: "he sinned just like the kings of Israel before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The eyes here represent seeing, and seeing represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of Ahaz's actions. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). AT: "what Yahweh judged to be right" or "what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel + +Walking represents behavior and actions. AT: "he acted the same way that the kings of Israel had acted" or "he did the things that the kings of Israel had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/03.md b/2ch/28/03.md index f2dfd5eb42..30caa9043c 100644 --- a/2ch/28/03.md +++ b/2ch/28/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the Valley of Ben Hinnom ## +# the Valley of Ben Hinnom This is a valley in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## under every green tree ## +# before the people of Israel -AT: "everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people of those nations fled as the people of Israel moved into the land. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "before the people of Israel who moved into the land" or "as the people of Israel moved into the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the high places and on the hills and under every green tree + +These are places where the people of the other nations worshiped their false gods. + +# under every green tree + +God wanted his people to offer sacrifices to him in Jerusalem. The word "every" here is an exaggeration to show how determined King Ahaz was to disobey God by offering sacrifices in many other places instead. AT: "under many green trees" or "under many green trees around the country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/05.md b/2ch/28/05.md index 74c49458de..ae390992c0 100644 --- a/2ch/28/05.md +++ b/2ch/28/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Pekah, the son of Remaliah ## +# Yahweh the God of Ahaz gave him into the hand of the king of Aram -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the metonym "hand" represents power. God enabling the army of the king of Aram to defeat Ahaz and his army is spoken of as if God had put Ahaz in the hand of the king of Aram. AT: "Yahweh the God of Ahaz enabled the king of Aram to defeat Ahaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# carried away from him + +"carried away from Ahaz." Here "him" represents Ahaz's army. AT: "carried away from Ahaz's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Ahaz was also given into the hand of the king of Israel who defeated him + +Here the metonym "hand" represents power. God enabling the army of the king of Israel to defeat Ahaz and his army is spoken of as if God had put Ahaz in the hand of the king of Israel. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh also enabled the king of Israel to defeat Ahaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Pekah son of Remaliah + +This was the king of Israel. Both "Pekah" and "Remaliah" are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 120,000 soldiers + +"one hundred twenty thousand soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/07.md b/2ch/28/07.md index 63f3638903..7e077998b0 100644 --- a/2ch/28/07.md +++ b/2ch/28/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Zicri, a powerful man from Ephraim, killed Maaseiah the king’s son, Azrikam, the official over the palace, and Elkanah ## +# Zicri ... Maaseiah ... Azrikam ... Elkanah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a powerful man + +This is an idiom that refers to a mighty warrior. AT: "a mighty warrior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who was next to the king + +This idiom means that this man was the king's assistant who was second in command. AT: "who was the king's second in command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The army of Israel took captive from their relatives + +"From their own relatives, the army of Israel took captive." The word "their" refers to the army of Israel. The narrator speaks of the people of Judah as the relatives of the people of Israel. + +# 200,000 wives, sons, and daughters + +"two hundred thousand wives, sons, and daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/09.md b/2ch/28/09.md index a2fa50eaf0..431876ce2f 100644 --- a/2ch/28/09.md +++ b/2ch/28/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Obed ## +# Oded -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## he gave them into your hand ## +# he gave them into your hand -AT: "he help you to defeat them" +Here the word "hand" represents power. God enabling the army of Israel to defeat the army of Judah is spoken of as if God had put the army of Judah in the hand of the army of Israel. AT: "God enabled you to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## But are you not guilty of sins of your own against Yahweh? - AT: ## +# you have slaughtered them in a rage that reached up to heaven -AT:** "But you are guilty of sins of your own against Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Oded speaks of Yahweh knowing how severely the army of Israel slaughtered the army of Judah as if the rage with which the army of Israel slaughtered them were an object so large that it reached into heaven. That Yahweh knows what they have done implies that he will respond. AT: "you have slaughtered them in such great rage that Yahweh himself has noticed and will take vengeance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# But are you not guilty of sins of your own against Yahweh your God? + +Oded asks this rhetorical question to rebuke the army of Israel and to emphasize the positive answer that the question anticipates. AT: "But you yourselves are guilty of sins of your own against Yahweh your God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Yahweh's fierce wrath is on you + +Oded speaks of Yahweh being extremely angry with the Israelite army as if Yahweh's wrath were an object that were upon them. AT: "Yahweh is extremely angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/12.md b/2ch/28/12.md index 755106f1e8..78d03a6789 100644 --- a/2ch/28/12.md +++ b/2ch/28/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Azariah, the son of Johanan, Berechiah, the son of Meshillemoth, Jehizkiah, the son of Willum, and Amasa, the son of Hadlai ## +# Azariah son of Jehohanan, Berechiah son of Meshillemoth, Jehizkiah son of Shallum, and Amasa son of Hadlai -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# stood up against those who came back from the war + +The phrase "stood up against" is an idiom that means to confront or to oppose. AT: "confronted those who came back from the war" or "opposed those who came back from the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# something that will bring on us sin + +The leaders speak of doing something that will cause them to be guilty of sin as if it were sin were an object that the action brings upon them. AT: "something that will cause us to be guilty of sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is fierce wrath against Israel + +This phrase implies that it is Yahweh's fierce wrath that is against Israel. The words "fierce wrath" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "Yahweh is extremely angry with the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/14.md b/2ch/28/14.md index 406fb9b49a..86668c23dc 100644 --- a/2ch/28/14.md +++ b/2ch/28/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## sandals ## +# The men who were assigned by name + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The men whom the leaders assigned by name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sandals This is a type of shoe. -## treated their wounds ## +# put the weak ones on donkeys -AT: "They gave them medical attention" - -## put the weak ones on donkeys ## - -AT: "gave donkeys to those unable to walk" \ No newline at end of file +"put the weak ones who were too weak to walk on donkeys" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/16.md b/2ch/28/16.md index de78eaff02..af6dbb4e74 100644 --- a/2ch/28/16.md +++ b/2ch/28/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Beth Shemesh, Aijalon, Gederoth, Soco with its villages, Timnah with its villages, and also Gimzo ## +# They took Beth Shemesh -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Taking a city is an idiom that means to conquer or to capture the city. AT: "The Philistines captured Beth Shemesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Beth Shemesh, Aijalon, Gederoth, Soko ... Timnah ... Gimzo + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/19.md b/2ch/28/19.md index be9cfc0515..3fccb1911c 100644 --- a/2ch/28/19.md +++ b/2ch/28/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Yahweh brought Judah low because of Ahaz ## +# Yahweh brought Judah low because of Ahaz -AT: "Yahweh humbled Ahaz" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ) +The metonym "Judah" represents the people of Judah. Yahweh humiliating the people is spoken of as if he physically brought Judah low to the ground. AT: "Yahweh humiliated the people of Judah because of Ahaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Tilgath Pileser ## +# sinned against Yahweh very heavily -This is Tilgath Pileser III, also known as Pul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Ahaz sinning very much is spoken of as if sin were a very heavy object. AT: "sinned very greatly against Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Tiglath-Pileser + +This is Tiglath-Pileser III, also known as Pul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# troubled him instead of strengthening him + +Helping Ahaz against his enemies is spoken of as if it were strengthening Ahaz. AT: "caused him trouble instead of helping him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/22.md b/2ch/28/22.md index 6546b28cf7..19643d2d0f 100644 --- a/2ch/28/22.md +++ b/2ch/28/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## in his time of suffering ## +# in his time of suffering -AT: "when he was suffering" +"when he was suffering" -## will I sacrifice to them ## +# the gods of Damascus -AT: "I will sacrifice to them" \ No newline at end of file +The Syrians believed Damascus to be the city where their gods dwelt, much like Yahweh dwelt in Jerusalem. AT: "the gods whom the Syrians worshiped in Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# gods that had defeated him + +This expresses Ahaz's opinion. Because the Syrians had defeated him and his army, Ahaz attributed his defeat to the gods whom the Syrians worshiped. AT: "gods whom he believed had enabled the Syrian army to defeat him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they were the ruin of him and of all Israel + +The word "ruin" can be translated with a verb. AT: "those gods ruined him and all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# all Israel + +Here "Israel" represents the southern kingdom of Judah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/24.md b/2ch/28/24.md index a4209cf88b..6fbcf4ef55 100644 --- a/2ch/28/24.md +++ b/2ch/28/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## furnishings - ## +# the house of God ... the house of Yahweh -**"furniture and other objects" +Here the word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of God ... the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in every corner of Jerusalem ## +# in every corner of Jerusalem -AT: "in all of Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the word "corner" refers to street corners, or places where streets intersect. AT: "on every street corner in Jerusalem" or 2) the various parts of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were the corners of the city. AT: "in every part of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he made for himself altars ... he made high places to burn sacrifices + +Since Ahaz was king, he may have had his workers make these high places. AT: "he had his workers make altars for him ... he had his workers make high places to burn sacrifices" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/26.md b/2ch/28/26.md index e4a22778ba..59bb5dc3b6 100644 --- a/2ch/28/26.md +++ b/2ch/28/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## all his ways, first and last ## +# all his ways, first and last -AT: "everything he did" +Ahaz's actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which he walked. The phrase "first and last" refers to those extremes and everything in between. AT: "all that he did from the beginning of his reign to the end of his reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## The Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel ## +# see + +"indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# they are written in the book + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has written them in the book" or "you can read of them in the book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the book of the kings of Judah and Israel This is a book that no longer exists. -## Ahaz slept with his ancestors - ## +# Ahaz slept with his ancestors -** "Ahaz died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Ahaz dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. AT: "Ahaz died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# they buried him + +"people buried him" + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Ahaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/28/intro.md b/2ch/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..26850bd8ce --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 28 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### King Ahaz's idolatry ##### + +Judah was defeated by all of the neighboring countries because King Ahaz was worshiping all sorts of foreign gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/01.md b/2ch/29/01.md index 09c00dc768..839266bfbe 100644 --- a/2ch/29/01.md +++ b/2ch/29/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Abijah ## +# twenty-five years old ... twenty-nine years + +"25 years old ... 29 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Abijah This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +The word "eyes" here represents seeing, and seeing represents judgment. Yahweh saw and approved of Hezekiah's actions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md). AT: "what Yahweh judged to be right" or "what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/03.md b/2ch/29/03.md index 0b623a5bb8..14d87d55d6 100644 --- a/2ch/29/03.md +++ b/2ch/29/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## in the first month ## +# in the first month -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]]) +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of March and the first part April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## carry away the filthiness ## +# the house of Yahweh -AT: "remove uncleanliness" or "remove the dirtiness" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Hezekiah opened the doors ... and repaired them + +Since Hezekiah was king, he may have had his workers do these things. AT: "Hezekiah ordered his workers to open the doors ... and to repair them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on the east side + +This refers to the east side of the temple. AT: "on the east side of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# carry away the filthiness from the holy place + +The word "filthiness" refers to things that the people had used to worship other gods. The narrator speaks of these things making the temple unacceptable to Yahweh as if they were physically dirty. AT: "remove the things that defile the holy place" or "remove the things that make the holy place unacceptable to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/06.md b/2ch/29/06.md index ecdafd0e77..68f8ef15e7 100644 --- a/2ch/29/06.md +++ b/2ch/29/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh our God -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 21:6](../21/06.md) +The word "sight" here represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of their ancestors' actions. AT: "what Yahweh our God judged to be evil" or "what Yahweh our God considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## where Yahweh lives ## +# turned away their faces from the place where Yahweh lives, and turned their backs on it -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 18:12](../18/12.md) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases share similar meanings. The words "faces" and "backs" represent the people who turned so that their faces were away from the temple and their backs were towards it. AT: "turned away from the place where Yahweh lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# turned away their faces from the place where Yahweh lives, and turned their backs on it + +Rejecting Yahweh and no longer worshiping him is spoken of as if the people had turned away from the temple. AT: "abandoned Yahweh's temple and stopped worshiping him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the place where Yahweh lives + +This refers to the temple. AT: "the temple where Yahweh lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/08.md b/2ch/29/08.md index fba159c634..7027a803e9 100644 --- a/2ch/29/08.md +++ b/2ch/29/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## terror, of horror, and of scorn ## +# the wrath of Yahweh had fallen on Judah and Jerusalem -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here the words "Judah and Jerusalem" refer to the people who live there. Hezekiah speaks of Yahweh being angry with the people and punishing them as if his wrath were an object that fell upon them. AT: "because Yahweh was angry, he had punished the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## as you can see with your own eyes ## +# an object of terror, of horror, and of scorn -AT: "as you can see for yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "something that terrifies and horrifies people, and something that people scorn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## This is why our fathers have fallen by the sword ## +# as you can see with your own eyes -AT: "This is why our fathers have been killed in war." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "with your own eyes" emphasizes that the people can see this for themselves without others having to tell them about it. AT: "as you can see for yourselves" + +# our fathers have fallen by the sword + +The idiom "fallen by the sword" means to die in battle. The word "sword" represents the soldiers, who used swords as their primary weapons. AT: "our fathers have died in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/10.md b/2ch/29/10.md index 602bf3d405..1316edef7e 100644 --- a/2ch/29/10.md +++ b/2ch/29/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## his fierce anger may turn away from us ## +# it is in my heart -AT: "he may not act on his anger toward us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "heart" represents the thoughts and intentions. Hezekiah speaks of deciding to do something as if that thing were in his heart. AT: "it is my intention" or "I have decided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his fierce anger may turn away from us + +Hezekiah speaks of Yahweh no longer being angry with them as if Yahweh's anger were a person who turns away from them AT: "he may no longer be angry with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# to stand before him + +Possible meanings are 1) "to stand in his presence" or 2) this is an idiom that means to serve a person of high rank. AT: "to serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/12.md b/2ch/29/12.md index 3673c95dae..83ee994dbc 100644 --- a/2ch/29/12.md +++ b/2ch/29/12.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +These verses list the names of the Levites who began to do the work that Hezekiah had ordered them to do. These are all men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Levites arose + +Here the word "arose" is an idiom that means that the Levites began to act. AT: "the Levites began to work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/15.md b/2ch/29/15.md index c599828b40..c5e1d73fe7 100644 --- a/2ch/29/15.md +++ b/2ch/29/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## brook Kidron ## +# following the words of Yahweh -A smallbody of water that flows on the east side of Jerusalem. At times it was used as a trash dump (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This phrase shows that the king gave his command in obedience to the word of Yahweh. AT: "in obedience to the word of Yahweh" or "because of what Yahweh had said" -## the first day of the first month to consecrate the house, and on the eighth day of the month they came to the porch of Yahweh. They sanctified the house of Yahweh in eight days; on the sixteenth day of the first month they finished ## +# to cleanse the house of Yahweh -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeday]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]]) \ No newline at end of file +A place that is fit to be used for God's purposes is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Yahweh ... the courtyard of the house + +Here the word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh ... the courtyard of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they brought out all the filth that they found in the temple of Yahweh + +The word "filth" refers to things that the people had used to worship other gods. The narrator speaks of these things making the temple unacceptable to Yahweh as if they were physically dirty. AT: "they brought out all the defiled things that they found in the temple of Yahweh" or "they brought out all the things that they found in the temple of Yahweh that made it unacceptable to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# brook Kidron + +A small body of water that flows on the east side of Jerusalem. At times it was used as a trash dump. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the first day of the first month + +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day marks the day when Yahweh brought the people out of Egypt. This is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the eighth day of the month + +This is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# they reached the porch of Yahweh + +The phrase "the porch of Yahweh" refers to the porch of the temple. "They reached" means that they began to cleanse this section. AT: "they had begun to cleanse the porch of Yahweh's temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# sixteenth day of the first month + +This is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/18.md b/2ch/29/18.md index 010a6cebb8..7e322b4261 100644 --- a/2ch/29/18.md +++ b/2ch/29/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## during his reign ## +# the bread of the presence -AT: "during the time when he reigned" \ No newline at end of file +This is a reference to the 12 loaves of bread that were placed in front of the altar. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 2:4](../02/04.md). + +# See + +"Indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/20.md b/2ch/29/20.md index a4fc66ad40..ad515802fc 100644 --- a/2ch/29/20.md +++ b/2ch/29/20.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# the house of Yahweh + +The word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/22.md b/2ch/29/22.md index a4fc66ad40..5909aaa4a0 100644 --- a/2ch/29/22.md +++ b/2ch/29/22.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# they killed the bulls, and the priests received the blood + +"the priests killed the bulls and took the blood" + +# they laid their hands on them + +"the king and people in the assembly laid their hands on them" + +# that a burnt offering and a sin offering should be made for all Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the priests should make a burnt offering and a sin offering for all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/25.md b/2ch/29/25.md index a4fc66ad40..b3b05fe47b 100644 --- a/2ch/29/25.md +++ b/2ch/29/25.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# the house of Yahweh + +The word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cymbals + +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:12](../05/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# arranging them by the command of David, Gad, the king's seer, and Nathan, the prophet + +The word "command" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "arranging the Levites as David, Gad, the king's seer, and Nathan, the prophet had commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for the command was from Yahweh by means of his prophets + +The word "command" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "for Yahweh had commanded this through his prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/27.md b/2ch/29/27.md index 408549a27e..3f0115fd1b 100644 --- a/2ch/29/27.md +++ b/2ch/29/27.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no notes for this passage \ No newline at end of file +# the song of Yahweh began also + +The phrase "the song of Yahweh" refers to people singing a song to Yahweh. AT: "the people began to sing a song to Yahweh also" + +# until the burnt offering was finished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until the priests finished offering the burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/29.md b/2ch/29/29.md index a4fc66ad40..adc300af72 100644 --- a/2ch/29/29.md +++ b/2ch/29/29.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# When they had finished the offerings + +"When the priests had finished the offerings" + +# bowed and worshiped + +The object of worship may be supplied in translation. AT: "bowed and worshiped Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/31.md b/2ch/29/31.md index f166f76c5b..a0ef4d1260 100644 --- a/2ch/29/31.md +++ b/2ch/29/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## thank offering ## +# thank offerings -This was a offering of thanksgiving. +These were offerings of thanksgiving. -## who had a willing heart ## +# the house of Yahweh -AT: "who desired" \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who had a willing heart + +Here the word "heart" represents the person who was willing. AT: "who were willing" or "who desired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/32.md b/2ch/29/32.md index 4a041a15d3..e056e57524 100644 --- a/2ch/29/32.md +++ b/2ch/29/32.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] \ No newline at end of file +# seventy bulls, one hundred rams, and two hundred male lambs ... six hundred oxen and three thousand sheep + +"70 bulls, 100 rams, and 200 male lambs ... 600 oxen and 3,000 sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/34.md b/2ch/29/34.md index ac2bf01cab..44ba369b60 100644 --- a/2ch/29/34.md +++ b/2ch/29/34.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## were more careful to consecrate themselves ## +# to skin all the burnt offerings -AT: "were more careful to follow the rules for purifying themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +"to remove the skins from all the burn offerings" + +# until the work was done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until they had finished the work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# until the priests could consecrate themselves + +Since there were some priests who were already consecrated, this implies that more priests consecrated themselves. AT: "until more of the priests could consecrate themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# had been more careful to consecrate themselves + +There were enough Levites to do this work because they had been careful to consecrate themselves. This implies that the reason that there were not enough priests was because the priests were not careful to consecrate themselves. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/35.md b/2ch/29/35.md index f9c08b80d5..e425109543 100644 --- a/2ch/29/35.md +++ b/2ch/29/35.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## they were performed with the fat of the fellowship offerings ## +# they were performed with the fat of the fellowship offerings -AT: "the priests burned the fat of the accompanying animals that were sacrificed to maintain good fellowship with Yahweh; " (UDB) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the priests performed the burnt offerings with the fat of the fellowship offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## set in order ## +# the service of the house of Yahweh was set in order -AT: "reestablished by the priests according to the rules " \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Hezekiah set the service of the house of Yahweh in order" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the house of Yahweh + +The word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# was set in order + +This idiom means that something is organized. Here it refers to the priestly service beginning in the temple again. AT: "was restored" or "began again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the work had been done quickly + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people had done the work quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/29/intro.md b/2ch/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..17d705996b --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the story of King Hezekiah. (2 Chronicles 29-32) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Cleansing the temple ##### + +King Hezekiah was a great king. He cleaned and rededicated the temple. This was a sign that he wanted the people to return to worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/01.md b/2ch/30/01.md index 19066eac12..2ef827a83a 100644 --- a/2ch/30/01.md +++ b/2ch/30/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## second month ## +# all Israel and Judah -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]]) +This represents the nation of Israel in general. Earlier the nation had been split into two kingdoms called by these names. -## the priests had not consecrated themselves in sufficient number ## +# Ephraim and Manasseh -AT: "there were not enough consecrated priests" \ No newline at end of file +Ephraim and Manasseh were two of the tribes in the northern part of Israel. Here the phrase "Ephraim and Manasseh" refers to the people who belonged to all ten of the northern tribes of Israel. AT: "the northern tribes of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# deciding to celebrate the Passover in the second month + +The Israelites normally celebrated the passover during the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first month is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. + +# second month + +This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of April and the first part of May on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/04.md b/2ch/30/04.md index 5205133332..3f50b0e42f 100644 --- a/2ch/30/04.md +++ b/2ch/30/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## in the eyes of ## +# This proposal -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md) +This refers to the proposal to celebrate the Passover in the second month instead of in the first month. -## Beersheba to Dan ## +# in the eyes of the king and of all the assembly -AT: "all the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "in the judgment of the king and all the assembly" or "to the the king and all the assembly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from Beersheba to Dan + +These are the most southern and most northern parts of Israel. By referring to them this way, the writer emphasizes that all of Israel was included. AT: "from Beersheba in the south to Dan in the north" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# according to what was written + +"as it was written that they should do." It is implied that it was written that they should observe the Passover with large numbers of people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Moses had written that they should observe it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/06.md b/2ch/30/06.md index 4d5e74689b..3e6b644d90 100644 --- a/2ch/30/06.md +++ b/2ch/30/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## couriers ## +# couriers -This was a person who carried a message. \ No newline at end of file +"messengers" + +# all Israel and Judah + +The tribe of Judah was the largest of the tribes of Israel and was in the southern part of Israel. Here the phrase "Israel and Judah" refers to the people who belonged to the southern tribes of Israel. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 30:1](./01.md). AT: "the southern tribes of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# turn back to Yahweh + +Here "turn back to Yahweh" represents submitting to him again. AT: "submit again to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that he may turn back to the remnant of you + +Here "turn back to the remnant" represents protecting the remnant again. AT: "so that he may again protect the remnant of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who have escaped from the hand of the kings of Assyria + +The word "hand" often represents power or authority. Here it represents the kings' cruel authority to force people to go to other countries. AT: "who have escaped from the power of the kings of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/07.md b/2ch/30/07.md index 619aca01f4..950e219ed7 100644 --- a/2ch/30/07.md +++ b/2ch/30/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,39 @@ -## he gave them up to destruction ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "he caused them to be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is a continuation of King Hezekiah's message to the people of Israel. -## give yourselves to Yahweh ## +# your brothers -AT: "obey Yahweh" or dedicate yourself to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +Here "brothers" represents other people of Israel. AT: "your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he made them an object of horror + +The abstract noun "horror" can be expressed with the words "horrified" or "horrible." The author writes of what God did to their ancestors in terms of how other people would react when the saw what God did. AT: "he made them something that people would be horrified to see" or "he punished them horribly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# give yourselves to Yahweh + +This represents submitting to Yahweh. AT: "submit to Yahweh" or "dedicate yourselves to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# come into his holy place + +Here "his holy place" refers to God's temple in Jerusalem. AT: "come to his temple in Jerusalem for it is holy" or "come to his temple in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that his fierce anger may turn away from you + +The author writes of anger as if it were a person that can turn away from people. God's anger turning away from them represents him no longer being angry with them. AT: "so that he will no longer be angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# if you turn back to Yahweh + +Here "turn back to Yahweh" represents submitting to him again. AT: "if you submit again to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your brothers and children will find compassion before those who led them away as prisoners + +Here "find compassion" is a metaphor for experiencing compassion. Finding it "before those who led them" means those who led them away will show them compassion. AT: "your brothers and children will experience compassion from those who led them away as prisoners" or "those who led your brothers and children away as prisoners will be kind to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will not turn his face away from you + +Here "turn his face away from you" represents rejecting them and refusing to protect them. AT: "will not reject you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if you return to him + +Here "return to him" represents submitting to God again. AT: "if you submit again to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/10.md b/2ch/30/10.md index a4fc66ad40..ed85b7735a 100644 --- a/2ch/30/10.md +++ b/2ch/30/10.md @@ -1 +1,23 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# the regions of Ephraim and Manasseh + +Ephraim and Manasseh were two of the tribes in the northern part of Israel. Here the phrase "Ephraim and Manasseh" refers to the people who belonged to all ten of the northern tribes of Israel. See how you translated it in [2 Chronicles 30:1](./01.md). AT: "the regions of the northern tribes of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all the way to Zebulun + +Zebulun was one of the tribes farthest in the north of Israel, but there were three other tribes that reached farther north. + +# The hand of God also came on Judah + +Here "the hand of God" represents his guidance as if he were guiding them with his hand. AT: "God guided the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to give them one heart + +Having "one heart" represents being united and agreeing. AT: "causing them to agree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to carry out the command + +Here "carry out the command" is an idiom meaning to do what was commanded. AT: "to obey the command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the command of the king and leaders by the word of Yahweh + +The phrase "by the word of Yahweh" shows that the king and leaders gave their command in obedience to the word of Yahweh. AT: "the command that the king and leaders gave them in obedience to the word of Yahweh" or "what the king and the leaders commanded because of what Yahweh had said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/13.md b/2ch/30/13.md index 48df4a2646..b360faebfc 100644 --- a/2ch/30/13.md +++ b/2ch/30/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## brook Kidron ## +# the second month + +This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of April and the first part of May on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# They rose and took away the altars + +Here "They rose" means that they started to work at taking away the altars. AT: "They began to work and took away the altars" or "They took away the altars" + +# the altars that were in Jerusalem, and all the altars for incense + +These two phrases refer to altars that people had built to false gods. + +# the brook Kidron This was a small stream of water in the Kidron Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## fourteenth day ## +# the fourteenth day of the second month -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeday]] \ No newline at end of file +This is near the beginning of May on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/16.md b/2ch/30/16.md index d5d699551c..25d63d44a6 100644 --- a/2ch/30/16.md +++ b/2ch/30/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## They stood in their place by their divisions ## +# They stood in their place by their divisions -AT: "They stood in their appointed places" +"They stood in their appointed places" -## slaughtering the Passover lambs ## +# the blood that they received from the hand of the Levites -AT: "ritually killed the lambs for Passover" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the blood of the lambs that the Levites killed. Here "received from the hand of the Levites" is a metonym for the Levites giving the blood to the priests. AT: "the blood that they received from the Levites" or "the lambs' blood that the Levites gave to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Passover lambs + +"the lambs for the Passover" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/18.md b/2ch/30/18.md index 6a4d7704ce..91d181e64e 100644 --- a/2ch/30/18.md +++ b/2ch/30/18.md @@ -1 +1,23 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# Ephraim and Manasseh, Issachar and Zebulun + +These are the names of some of the tribes that lived in the northern part of Israel. See how you translated "Zebulun" in [2 Chronicles 30:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# against the written instructions + +To do something "against" instructions means to do something that is not in obedience to the instructions. If needed, the instructions can be stated clearly. AT: "even though the written instructions said that they must purify themselves first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the good Yahweh + +The word "good" here is a reminder to the people that Yahweh is kind. AT: "Yahweh, who is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# everyone who sets his heart to seek God + +Here "sets his heart" is a metaphor for being determined to do something, and "to seek God" is a metaphor for knowing, worshiping, and obeying him. AT: "everyone who is determined to obey God" or "everyone who truly wants to honor God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So Yahweh listened to Hezekiah + +This implies that Yahweh responded favorably to Hezekiah. AT: "So Yahweh responded favorably to Hezekiah" or "So Yahweh did what Hezekiah asked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# healed the people + +Here "healed the people" is a metaphor for forgiving the people and not punishing them. AT: "forgave the people" or "did not punish the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/21.md b/2ch/30/21.md index 2fd455e42e..b581589121 100644 --- a/2ch/30/21.md +++ b/2ch/30/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## instruments ## +# kept the Festival of Unleavened Bread -This is a reference to musical instruments. \ No newline at end of file +Here "kept the festival" is a idiom meaning to participate in the festival or celebrate the festival. AT: "celebrate the festival" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# singing with loud instruments to Yahweh + +"singing and playing loud musical instruments to Yahweh" + +# who understood the service of Yahweh + +This was the reason that he spoke encouragingly to them. AT: "because they understood the service of Yahweh" or "because they served Yahweh skillfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# So they ate throughout the festival + +The word "they" refers to the people of Israel. + +# making confession to Yahweh + +Possible meanings are 1) "confession" here refers to saying that God is great. AT: "praising Yahweh" or 2) "confession" here refers to admitting their sins. AT: "confessing their sins to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/23.md b/2ch/30/23.md index a4fc66ad40..9850a2a5be 100644 --- a/2ch/30/23.md +++ b/2ch/30/23.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# Hezekiah ... gave the assembly ... bulls and ... sheep as an offering + +Hezekiah gave the animals to the people as an offering to the Lord for the people to eat. + +# one thousand bulls ... seven thousand sheep ... one thousand bulls ... ten thousand sheep and goats + +"1,000 bulls ... 7,000 sheep ... 1,000 bulls ... 10,000 sheep and goats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/25.md b/2ch/30/25.md index a4fc66ad40..9c21cf64e2 100644 --- a/2ch/30/25.md +++ b/2ch/30/25.md @@ -1 +1,35 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# All the assembly of Judah + +Here "Judah" probably refers to the southern tribes of Israel. + +# all the people who came together from Israel + +Here "Israel" probably refers to the northern tribes of Israel. The people are members of those tribes. They came to Jerusalem, which is in Judah. AT: "all the people who came together from Israel in the north" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the foreigners who came from the land of Israel + +Here "the land of Israel" probably refers to the land owned by the northern tribes of Israel. AT: "the foreigners who came from the land of Israel in the north" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those who lived in Judah + +Here "Judah" probably refers to the land owned by the southern tribes of Israel. AT: "the foreigners who lived in Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# since the time of Solomon son of David, king of Israel + +"since the time when Solomon son of David ruled as king of Israel" or "since the Passover Festival that the people held when Solomon son of David was king of Israel" + +# there had not been anything like it in Jerusalem + +"there had not been any Passover Festival in Jerusalem like this Passover Festival" + +# Their voice was heard ... their prayer went up to heaven, the holy place where God lives + +These two phrases mean the same thing and imply that God responded favorably to their prayer. AT: "God responded favorably to their prayer, which he heard in heaven, the holy place where he lives" or "God, who lives in the holy heaven, heard their prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Their voice was heard + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God heard their voice" or "God heard what they said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their prayer went up to heaven + +Their prayer going up to heaven represents God in heaven paying attention to them praying on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/30/intro.md b/2ch/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bd761c0934 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 30 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Hezekiah continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Passover ##### +Hezekiah invited everyone in Judah and in Israel to come to Jerusalem and celebrate the Passover. It had not been celebrated since King Solomon's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/01.md b/2ch/31/01.md index f9a0c83b5a..5dec619059 100644 --- a/2ch/31/01.md +++ b/2ch/31/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## all the people of Israel returned ## +# who were there -It is possible to take this as [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]. AT: "almost all of Israel"" \ No newline at end of file +"who were in Jerusalem" + +# to his own possession + +Here "possession" means possessions in general. AT: "to his own property" or "to his own home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/02.md b/2ch/31/02.md index 84dd6ea8cf..833da6cf2f 100644 --- a/2ch/31/02.md +++ b/2ch/31/02.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## assigned the king’s portion for the burnt offerings from his own possessions ## +# Hezekiah assigned the divisions of the priests and the Levites organized by their divisions, each man assigned to his work, both the priests and the Levites + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Hezekiah organized the priests and the Levites into groups. He assigned each priest and Levite to their duties" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# assigned the king's portion for the burnt offerings from his own possessions Hezekiah took the meat and grain used for the burnt offerings out of his own possessions. -## new moons ## +# the new moons This was a festival coinciding with the movement of the moon. -## the fixed festivals ## +# the fixed festivals -This references festivals which occur on specific dates. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to festivals which occur on specific dates. + +# as it was written in the law of Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as Moses wrote in the law of Yahweh" or "just as Yahweh commanded in his law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/04.md b/2ch/31/04.md index 6cc1192eeb..27ad959630 100644 --- a/2ch/31/04.md +++ b/2ch/31/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the tithe of all things brought they in abundantly ## +# As soon as the command was sent out -AT: "They brought a lot from a tenth from everything" \ No newline at end of file +This can stated in active form. AT: "As soon as the people heard the command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a tithe of everything + +"a tenth of all their crops" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/06.md b/2ch/31/06.md index bbcb58f6f0..ac0a64b74f 100644 --- a/2ch/31/06.md +++ b/2ch/31/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## laid them in heaps ## +# third month -AT: "put them in big piles" +This is the third month of the Hebrew calendar. It is at the end of the harvest season and the beginning of the dry season. It is during the last part of May and the first part of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## third month...seventh month ## +# seventh month -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]]) - -## Israel ## - -The first reference to Israel is to the kingdom of Israel and the second reference to Israel is to the nation of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. This is during the early rain season, which would soften the land for sowing. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/09.md b/2ch/31/09.md index 6f10583e4f..a2d4b68a6d 100644 --- a/2ch/31/09.md +++ b/2ch/31/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## What was left over is this large amount here ## +# of the house of Zadok -The chief priest would have been pointing to a large pile. \ No newline at end of file +Here "house" represents a family or descendants. AT: "a descendant of Zadok" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What was left over is this large amount here + +The chief priest would have been pointing to the large heaps. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/11.md b/2ch/31/11.md index 5f18fedef8..3f483b0068 100644 --- a/2ch/31/11.md +++ b/2ch/31/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Conaniah, the Levite, was the manager in charge of them, and Shimei, his brother, was second to him. Jehiel, Azaziah, Nahath, Asahel, Jerimoth, Jozabad, Eliel, Ismachiah, Mahath, and Benaiah ## +# Hezekiah commanded storerooms to be prepared -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Hezekiah commanded the priests and Levites to prepare storerooms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Konaniah ... Shimei ... Jehiel, Azaziah, Nahath, Asahel, Jerimoth, Jozabad, Eliel, Ismakiah, Mahath, and Benaiah + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# were managers under the hand of Konaniah and Shimei his brother + +Here "hand" represents power or control. The phrase "under the hand" is an idiom that means to be under someone's authority. AT: "were managers whom Konaniah and Shimei his brother supervised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the official over the house of God + +Here "over" is an idiom that means to be in charge of. AT: "the official in charge of everyone who served in the house of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/14.md b/2ch/31/14.md index 5a8a6909a3..29efe489dc 100644 --- a/2ch/31/14.md +++ b/2ch/31/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## Kore, the son of Imnah...Eden, Miniamin, Jeshua, Shemaiah, Amariah, and Shecaniah ## +# Kore son of Imnah ... Eden, Miniamin, Jeshua, Shemaiah, Amariah, and Shecaniah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Under him ## +# the porter at the east gate -AT: "under his authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"the gatekeeper at the east gate of the temple" -## both the important and the unimportant ## +# Under him were Eden ... in the cities of the priests -AT: "everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "under" is an idiom that means to be under someone's authority. AT: "Eden ... assisted Kore in the cities of the priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They filled offices of trust, in order to give + +"Their duty was to give" or "They faithfully gave" + +# to their brothers + +Here "brothers" is a metaphor for "fellow priests." AT: "to their fellow priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# division by division + +"group by group" + +# to both the important and the unimportant + +Here "important" and "unimportant" are used together to mean "everyone." AT: "to everyone, including the important and the unimportant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the important and the unimportant + +This seems to imply the old and the young. This can be restated to removed the nominal adjectives. AT: "those who are old and those who are young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/16.md b/2ch/31/16.md index 1d57f7293b..cd1535409d 100644 --- a/2ch/31/16.md +++ b/2ch/31/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## three years old and up ## +# They also gave -AT: "three years old and older" +It is understood that they gave the freewill offerings. AT: "They also gave freewill offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## genealogy ## +# three years old and up -This is a history of a family showing how the members of the family are related to each other. +"three years old and older" -## as required by the daily schedule ## +# who were listed in the records -AT: "as is required every day" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whose names were in the records" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as required by the daily schedule, to do the work in their offices and their divisions + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to do the daily work that they were supposed to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/17.md b/2ch/31/17.md index a4fc66ad40..8d09450800 100644 --- a/2ch/31/17.md +++ b/2ch/31/17.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# They distributed + +It is understood they distributed the freewill offerings. AT: "They distributed freewill offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# twenty years old and more + +"20 years old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# there were men assigned by name to give portions + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "there were men responsible for giving portions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to all who were listed in the records + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to all whose names were in the records" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/20.md b/2ch/31/20.md index a4fc66ad40..8d924bd978 100644 --- a/2ch/31/20.md +++ b/2ch/31/20.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# to seek his God + +Seeking Yahweh represents choosing to know, worship, and obey him. AT: "to obey his God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he performed it with all his heart + +Here the word "heart" refers to a person's will and desire. AT: "he performed it with all his will" or "he was completely committed to what he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/31/intro.md b/2ch/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ef2169b3cf --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 31 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Hezekiah continues in this chapter. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### + +To express Hezekiah's desire to please God, the author uses two idioms "to seek God" and "with all his heart." This means that he really wanted to do what God wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/01.md b/2ch/32/01.md index ee0a15042b..8bede4b5d2 100644 --- a/2ch/32/01.md +++ b/2ch/32/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## these acts of faithfulness ## +# After these things and these acts of faithfulness -These acts were done by Hezekiah. \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully." AT: "After Hezekiah faithfully did all the things Yahweh commanded him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Sennacherib, king of Assyria, came ... He camped + +Here Sennacherib represents his army. AT: "Sennacherib, king of Assyria, and his army came ... They camped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# came and entered Judah + +Here "came" can be stated as "went." AT: "went and entered Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/02.md b/2ch/32/02.md index 9381b2c71e..45a86b7eac 100644 --- a/2ch/32/02.md +++ b/2ch/32/02.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## to stop up the waters of the springs that were outside the city ## +# that Sennacherib had come and that he intended -They closed the springs that were outside the city so that people did not have access to water. +Here Sennacherib also represents his army. AT: "that Sennacherib and his army had come and that they intended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Why should the kings of Assyria come and find a lot of water? ## +# to fight against Jerusalem -The kings of Assyria should not come and find a lot of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Jerusalem" represents the people there. AT: "to fight against the people of Jerusalem" or "to fight against the army of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to stop up the waters of the springs that were outside the city + +The people of the city would fill up wells and fountain springs with earth and rocks, hiding the water from the Assyrians, but the people would cause the water to flow into the city through secret pathways. + +# Why should the kings of Assyria come and find a lot of water? + +The people use a rhetorical question to emphasize that they do not want the kings of Assyria to find their water. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We do not want the kings of Assyria to come here and find a lot of water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the kings of Assyria + +Possible meanings for "kings" are 1) this is an idiom that refers to the one king of Assyria. AT: "the king of Assyria" or 2) this may refer to the king and his other leaders. AT: "the king and the other leaders of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/05.md b/2ch/32/05.md index 7da66dc9c0..19a81ee1dc 100644 --- a/2ch/32/05.md +++ b/2ch/32/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## took courage ## +# Hezekiah took courage and built up ... He built ... He also ... he made -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 15:8](../15/08.md) +The readers should understand that Hezekiah probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Hezekiah took courage and commanded the people to build up ... They built ... They also ... they made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Hezekiah took courage and built up ## +# Hezekiah took courage and built up -At: - "Hezekiah encouraged himself and the people to build up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Hezekiah strengthened his position by commanding the people to repair the walls of the city. You can make this clear by using the connecting word "by." AT: "Hezekiah strengthened the city by building up" or 2) he became encouraged. AT: "Hezekiah became encouraged and built up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## he raised it up to the towers ## +# the Millo -AT: "they built it all the way up, including towers" - -## the Millo ## - -This is a part of the wall that gives it strength. \ No newline at end of file +This is a part of the wall on the north side of Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/06.md b/2ch/32/06.md index 596175d141..6d40b60d69 100644 --- a/2ch/32/06.md +++ b/2ch/32/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## for someone is with us who is greater than those with him ## +# He placed military commanders over the people -AT: "for our God is with us and is more powerful than them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The idiom "place over" means to put in charge of. "He put military commanders in charge of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## an arm of flesh ## +# for someone is with us who is greater than those with him -AT: "human power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"for our God is with us and is more powerful than those with the king of Assyria" + +# is only an arm of flesh + +Here "arm" represents strength, and "flesh" represents humanity. AT: "are only those with human power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/09.md b/2ch/32/09.md index c9e0cdc479..c7e43f43ce 100644 --- a/2ch/32/09.md +++ b/2ch/32/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Lachish ## +# now he was ... with him + +The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator tells background information about the location of Sennacherib and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Lachish This was a city in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## What are you relying on in order to endure a siege in Jerusalem ## +# What are you relying on in order to endure a siege in Jerusalem? -AT: "You are not able to endure a siege in Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think about their situation. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are not able to endure a siege in Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/11.md b/2ch/32/11.md index f7b10ac6f2..1fe4f9cc7a 100644 --- a/2ch/32/11.md +++ b/2ch/32/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Is not Hezekiah misleading you ## +# Is not Hezekiah misleading you ... king of Assyria'? -AT: "Hezekiah is misleading you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Hezekiah is misleading you ... king of Assyria.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Has not this same Hezekiah taken away ## +# that he may give you over to die by famine and by thirst -AT: "This same Hezekiah has taken away" \ No newline at end of file +"so that you will die from lack of food and water" + +# from the hand of the king of Assyria + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "from the power of the king of Assyria" or "from the king of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Has not this same Hezekiah taken away ... sacrifices'? + +Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "This is the same Hezekiah who has taken away ... sacrifices.'" or "Hezekiah has taken away ... sacrifices.'" + +# commanded Judah and Jerusalem + +Here "Judah" and "Jerusalem" represent the people who live there. AT: "commanded the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/13.md b/2ch/32/13.md index da0d2b8677..356ef90ca2 100644 --- a/2ch/32/13.md +++ b/2ch/32/13.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -This passage is a series of [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]. \ No newline at end of file +# Do you not know what ... lands? + +Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know very well what ... lands!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Were the gods ... power? + +Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "There was no god ... power!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Among all the gods ... was there any god who ... hand? + +Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "There was no god among all the gods ... who ... hand!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# out of my hand + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "from my power" or "from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Why should your God be able ... power? + +Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "There is no reason your God should be able ... power!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Now + +Here the word "now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# How much less will your God rescue you from my hand? + +Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Your God will certainly not be able to rescue you from my hand!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/16.md b/2ch/32/16.md index a4fc66ad40..d0ab91e30f 100644 --- a/2ch/32/16.md +++ b/2ch/32/16.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# out of my hand + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "from my power" or "from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/18.md b/2ch/32/18.md index 4efe4d5ba0..7443f7d92c 100644 --- a/2ch/32/18.md +++ b/2ch/32/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## They spoke of the God of Jerusalem as they had spoken of the gods of the other peoples of the earth ## +# They cried out -AT: "They mocked the God of Jerusalem" See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] ) \ No newline at end of file +"Sennacherib's servants shouted loudly" + +# to frighten them and trouble them + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of fear. AT: "to make them very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they might capture + +"the Assyrian army might capture" + +# They spoke of the God of Jerusalem as they had spoken of the gods of the other peoples of the earth + +"They mocked the God of Jerusalem as they had mocked the gods of the other peoples of the earth" + +# which are merely the work of men's hands + +This emphasizes that humans made these idols with their own hands and are therefore worthless. AT: "which are merely idols that men have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/20.md b/2ch/32/20.md index 13587170d3..1d483d8905 100644 --- a/2ch/32/20.md +++ b/2ch/32/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## cried out to heaven ## +# cried out to heaven -AT: "pleaded to God" +Here "heaven" represents Yahweh. AT: "cried to Yahweh for help" or "pleaded to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## shame-faced ## +# shame-faced -faced** - AT: "embarrassed" or "shamed" +"embarrassed" or "ashamed" -## the house of his god ## +# the house of his god -AT: "the temple of his god" \ No newline at end of file +"the temple of his god" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/22.md b/2ch/32/22.md index 0aab3538e2..c61f9f4043 100644 --- a/2ch/32/22.md +++ b/2ch/32/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## guided them in every way ## +# from the hand of Sennacherib ... from the hand of all others -AT: "guided them in everything they did as a nationt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] ) +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "from the power of Sennacherib ... from the power of all others" or "from Sennacherib ... from all others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in the sight of all nations ## +# gave them rest on every side -AT: "so that all the surrounding people-groups knew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "rest" can be translated as "peacefully." AT: "caused them to live peacefully with all the people of the nations around them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he was lifted up in the eyes of all nations + +Here "lifted up" is an idiom that means to honor. Also, "in the eyes" is a metaphor that represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "the people of all the nations honored him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/24.md b/2ch/32/24.md index 10a077c309..5ee1756226 100644 --- a/2ch/32/24.md +++ b/2ch/32/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## his heart was lifted up ## +# that he would be healed -AT: "he became proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] ) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that he would heal Hezekiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But Hezekiah did not pay back Yahweh for the help given to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But Hezekiah did not act in a grateful way after Yahweh helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his heart was lifted up + +Here "heart" is a metonym that represents a person's inner being. Here "heart was lifted up" is an idiom that means to become proud. AT: "he became proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# So anger came on him, and on Judah and Jerusalem + +Yahweh becoming angry and punishing the people is spoken of as if "anger came on" them. "Judah" and "Jerusalem" are metonyms that represent the people who live there. AT: "So Yahweh became angry and punished him and the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# during Hezekiah's days + +"during Hezekiah's lifetime" or "during Hezekiah's reign as king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/27.md b/2ch/32/27.md index ba52c91b74..408329d337 100644 --- a/2ch/32/27.md +++ b/2ch/32/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## stalls ## +# stalls -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 9:25](../09/25.md) +This is a small enclosure where horses are kept. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 9:25](../09/25.md) -## pens ## +# pens -A storage place for small animals. \ No newline at end of file +a storage place for small animals \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/30.md b/2ch/32/30.md index f4c71d2310..06bb99904f 100644 --- a/2ch/32/30.md +++ b/2ch/32/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## waters of Gihon ## +# Hezekiah who also stopped up ... and who brought them straight down -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The readers should understand that Hezekiah probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "Hezekiah who ordered his workers to stop up ... and to build a tunnel so that the water would flow down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# waters of Gihon + +This is the name of a stream near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the miraculous sign that had been done in the land + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the miracle that Yahweh had performed in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to know all that was in his heart + +Here "heart" represents a person's inner being. AT: "to reveal Hezekiah's true character" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/32.md b/2ch/32/32.md index 7a90efe726..7e48d90b2d 100644 --- a/2ch/32/32.md +++ b/2ch/32/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## The Vision of Isaiah the Prophet, (the son of Amoz), and in The Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel ## +# Hezekiah slept with his ancestors -These books no longer exist. - -## slept with his ancestors ## - -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 9:29](../09/29.md) \ No newline at end of file +This was a polite way to tell about him dying. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 9:31](../09/29.md). AT: "Hezekiah died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/32/intro.md b/2ch/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..57ec6fb7f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 32 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of King Hezekiah is completed in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust in Yahweh ##### +Because Hezekiah trusted God, God rescued Jerusalem from the attacked of the Assyrian army and healed Hezekiah when he was very sick. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/01.md b/2ch/33/01.md index 2d03770ecc..3b4233a7f3 100644 --- a/2ch/33/01.md +++ b/2ch/33/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh, ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md) +Here Yahweh's "sight" refers to how he judges or decides on the value of something. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). AT: "things that Yahweh said were evil" or "the things that Yahweh considers evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## like the disgusting things of the nations whom Yahweh had driven out before the people of Israel. ## +# like the disgusting things -AT: "as did the other people groups whom Yahweh caused to be defeated by the people of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +Another possible meaning is "including the disgusting things." + +# he rebuilt the high places ... he built altars ... he made Asherah poles + +Manasseh would have commanded his workers to do the building for him. AT: "he had the high places rebuilt ... he had altars built ... he had Asherah poles made" or "he had his workers rebuild the high places ... he had them build altars ... he had them make Asherah poles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/04.md b/2ch/33/04.md index 5eff60c4f7..465cc837bb 100644 --- a/2ch/33/04.md +++ b/2ch/33/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## my name will be placed ## +# It is in Jerusalem that my name will be placed forever -AT: "I will make myself known to people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The name is a metonym for the person. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "Jerusalem is where I will forever make known who I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Valley of Ben Hinnom ## +# He built altars for all the stars of heaven in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh -A place near Jerusalem also known as Gehenna. \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that he built these altars so people could make sacrifices and worship the stars. Also, he would not have built these altars himself, rather he would have commanded his workers to do it. AT: "He had his workers build altars in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh so that the people could worship the stars and offer them sacrifices" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Valley of Ben Hinnom + +This is the name of a place near Jerusalem that is also known as Gehenna. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he put his sons into the fire + +You may need to make explicit why he put his son in the fire and what happened after he did so. AT: "he burned his sons to death as an offering to his gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# consulted + +"asked for information from" + +# the dead + +This refers to dead people. AT: "dead people" or "those who are dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# He practiced much evil in the sight of Yahweh + +Here Yahweh's "sight" refers to how he judges or decides on the value of something. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). AT: "He did many things that Yahweh said were evil" or "He practiced the things that Yahweh considered evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/07.md b/2ch/33/07.md index d8f8d40992..c7f15fe867 100644 --- a/2ch/33/07.md +++ b/2ch/33/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem ## +# he had made -AT: "the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Manasseh probably did not do the work. His servants would have done the work. AT: "Manasseh had ordered his servants to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that I will put my name forever + +Here God is represented by his "name." AT: "where I want people to worship me forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that I assigned to their ancestors + +"that I gave to their ancestors" + +# Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem + +Here "Jerusalem" is a part of "Judah." AT: "the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# even more than the nations that Yahweh had destroyed before the people of Israel + +Here "nations" refers to the people who had lived in the land of Canaan before the Israelites had arrived. AT: "even more than the people whom Yahweh had destroyed as the people of Israel advanced through the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/10.md b/2ch/33/10.md index 1b1e08c744..3eaa9aec1c 100644 --- a/2ch/33/10.md +++ b/2ch/33/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## brought on them ## +# brought on them -AT: "brought about an attack on them by" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +Yahweh sent the army to attack Jerusalem. AT: "brought about an attack on them by" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## took Manasseh in chains, bound him with fetters, and took him off to Babylon. ## +# the commanders of the army of the king of Assyria -AT: "siezed Manasseh and took him as a prisoner to Babylon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The commanders were accompanied by their soldiers. AT: "the commanders of the army of the king of Assyria and their soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# took Manasseh in chains, bound him with fetters, and took him off to Babylon + +Here Manasseh being taken as a prisoner is represented by him being bound by chains and fetters. Fetters were chains placed around the feet. AT: "seized Manasseh, bound him in chains, and took him as a prisoner to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/12.md b/2ch/33/12.md index 6b6ff1e38d..35f19578f9 100644 --- a/2ch/33/12.md +++ b/2ch/33/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He prayed to God and God was begged by him, and God heard his begging" ## +# implored -AT: "Manasseh prayed to God and begged for mercy.God heard him" (See: See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] ) +to beg for help -## into his kingship. ## +# He prayed to him; and God was begged by him -This means "to rule again over the nation." \ No newline at end of file +The second phrase intensifies the first phrase and emphasizes the earnestness of Manasseh's prayer. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He prayed to God and begged him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# into his kingship + +"to rule again as king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/14.md b/2ch/33/14.md index d4a53cf83a..d01ef3292f 100644 --- a/2ch/33/14.md +++ b/2ch/33/14.md @@ -1,5 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## the foreign gods ## +# Manasseh built ... He surrounded ... He took away ... he had built on the mount -AT: "the false gods from other countries" \ No newline at end of file +Manasseh did not do the building and construction himself, rather, he commanded his workers to do it. AT: "Manasseh commanded his workers to build ... They surrounded ... He commanded his workers to take away ... they had previously built on the mount" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Gihon + +This was the name of a spring and a stream. See how you translated the "waters of Gihon" in [2 Chronicles 32:30](../32/30.md). AT: "the waters of Gihon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the hill of Ophel + +Translate the name of this hill as you did in [2 Chronicles 27:3](../27/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# raised the wall up + +"built the wall up" + +# the fortified cities + +This refers to cities with walls around them. + +# the foreign gods + +"the false gods from other countries" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/16.md b/2ch/33/16.md index b649cc5146..2aaced18cd 100644 --- a/2ch/33/16.md +++ b/2ch/33/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## he commanded Judah - ## +# He rebuilt -** AT: "he commanded the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Manasseh did not do the building and construction himself, rather, he commanded his workers to do it. AT: "He commanded them to rebuild" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he commanded Judah + +Here "Judah" refers to the people who live there. AT: "he commanded the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/18.md b/2ch/33/18.md index 4aedc14d8d..5b4fdd0244 100644 --- a/2ch/33/18.md +++ b/2ch/33/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## written among the deeds of the Kings of Israel ## +# behold + +"indeed" This word is used here to draw the readers attention to the information that follows. + +# they are written ... they are written about + +These phrases can be stated in active form. AT: "men have written them ... men have written about them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the deeds of the kings of Israel This in account of the history of Israel that no longer exists. -## sins and trespasses ## +# the places where he had built high places and set up the Asherah poles and the carved figures -AT: "sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Manasseh did not do the building and construction himself, rather, he commanded his workers to do it. AT: "the place where he had the high places built and the Asherah poles and the carved figures set up" or "the places where he commanded his workers to build the high places and to set up the Asherah poles and carved figures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the Chronicles of the Seers ## +# the Chronicles of the Seers This is a book that no longer exists. -## "So Manasseh slept with his ancestors, and they buried him" ## +# So Manasseh slept with his ancestors -AT: "So Manasseh died, and his family buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a euphemism. AT: "So Manasseh died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## Amon ## +# in his own house -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"in his palace" + +# Amon + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# king in his place + +This is an idiom. AT: "became the next king" or "became the king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/21.md b/2ch/33/21.md index 53ef5f8c6d..f6bfbf98b5 100644 --- a/2ch/33/21.md +++ b/2ch/33/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He did evil in the sight of Yahweh, ## +# twenty-two years old -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md) +"22 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## this same Amon trespassed more and more ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -AT: "Amon sinned more" \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh's "sight" refers to how he judges or decides on the value of something. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). AT: "things that Yahweh said were evil" or "the things that Yahweh considers evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this same Amon trespassed more and more + +"Amon sinned again and again" or "Amon continued to sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/24.md b/2ch/33/24.md index b08896c9aa..5f66b3d3e4 100644 --- a/2ch/33/24.md +++ b/2ch/33/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## conspired ## +# put him to death -AT: "planned in secret" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# conspired + +"planned in secret" or "plotted" + +# king in his place + +This is an idiom. AT: "became the next king" or "became the king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/33/intro.md b/2ch/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d14c74c8b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 33 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### King Manasseh ##### + +Manasseh angered God more than any other king of Judah. He worshiped the sun, stars and many foreign gods and even sacrificed his sons to the sun. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/01.md b/2ch/34/01.md index f45b43f2a1..57bd00d713 100644 --- a/2ch/34/01.md +++ b/2ch/34/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh, ## +# thirty-one years -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md) +"31 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## turn away either to the right or to the left, ## +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh -AT: "hesitate to obey God in any way whatsoever," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh's "sight" refers to how he judges or decides on the value of something. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). AT: "the things that Yahweh said were right" or "the things that Yahweh considers right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# walked in the ways of David his ancestor + +Josiah behaving as David did is spoken of as if he walked on the same road or way as David. AT: "lived the way David his ancestor had lived" or "followed the example of David his ancestor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# did not turn away either to the right or to the left + +To fully obey Yahweh is spoken of as if a person were on the correct road and never turned from it. AT: "did not do anything that would displease Yahweh" or "fully obeyed the laws of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the eighth year ... the twelfth year + +"the 8th year ... the 12th year" or "year 8 ... year 12." See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# he began to cleanse Judah and Jerusalem from ... the cast metal figures + +This speaks of Josiah getting rid of the things that were used for worshiping false gods from Judah and Jerusalem as if he were making the places physically clean. Josiah would have commanded his workers to remove these things. AT: "he began to make Judah and Jerusalem acceptable again to Yahweh by having his workers remove from them the high places, the Asherah poles, the craved figures, and the cast metal figures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/04.md b/2ch/34/04.md index 9ce1d477e7..9dd0b68383 100644 --- a/2ch/34/04.md +++ b/2ch/34/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## until they were dust ## +# in his presence -AT: "until they were very small pieces that could be carried away by the wind" \ No newline at end of file +"in Josiah's presence" + +# he cut apart ... He broke ... He scattered ... He burned + +Josiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. AT: "he had them cut apart ... He commanded them to break ... He had them scatter ... He commanded them to burn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dust + +very small pieces that could be carried away by the wind + +# He burned the bones of their priests on their altars + +This means that the bones of the priests who offered sacrifices on the altars to the false gods were burned on the altars that the priests had previously made sacrifices on. + +# he cleansed Judah and Jerusalem + +This speaks of Josiah causing Judah and Jerusalem to be acceptable to Yahweh as if he made them physically clean. AT: "he caused Judah and Jerusalem to be acceptable again to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/06.md b/2ch/34/06.md index 98574689d5..272d9eb31f 100644 --- a/2ch/34/06.md +++ b/2ch/34/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## into powder ## +# He broke down the altars, beat ... cut apart -AT: "were completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] ) \ No newline at end of file +Josiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. AT: "He commanded his workers to break down the altars, to beat ... to cut apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# into powder + +"into dust." This means to smash them until they have become powder. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/08.md b/2ch/34/08.md index e39ac7bc1c..84d6829acd 100644 --- a/2ch/34/08.md +++ b/2ch/34/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# the eighteenth year -## entrusted to him ## +"the 18th year" or "year 18" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -"gave to him the responsibility of using the money" \ No newline at end of file +# Josiah had cleansed the land and the temple + +This speaks of Josiah causing Judah and Jerusalem to be acceptable to Yahweh as if he made them physically clean. AT: "Josiah had caused the land and the temple to become acceptable again to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Shaphan son of Azaliah, Maaseiah ... Joah son of Joahaz ... Hilkiah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# entrusted to him + +"gave to him the responsibility of using the money" + +# that had been brought into the house of God, that the Levites, the guards of the doors, had gathered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the Levites who guarded the doors had brought into the house of God all that they had gathered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/10.md b/2ch/34/10.md index 01a89041e1..15e38c7a98 100644 --- a/2ch/34/10.md +++ b/2ch/34/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## had let fall apart ## +# They entrusted -AT: "allowed to rot" \ No newline at end of file +The word "they" refers to the men that Josiah had sent to Hilkiah the high priest. They first gave the money to him and then he distributed it to the men who supervised the building. AT: "Then Hilkiah entrusted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the money + +This refers to some on the money that was entrusted to Hilkiah. AT: "some of the money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# carpenters + +workers who build with wood + +# braces + +"joists" These are pieces used for connecting large beams. + +# had let fall apart + +"had allowed to rot" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/12.md b/2ch/34/12.md index 092a29ac3c..e6c892ccfa 100644 --- a/2ch/34/12.md +++ b/2ch/34/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Jahath ... Meshullam -## These Levites were in charge of those who carried building material and all other men who worked in any way ## +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "These Levites were in charge of all of the men who did any kind of building work." \ No newline at end of file +# Merari + +Translate this man's name as you did in [2 Chronicles 29:12](../29/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kohathites + +Translate the name of the clan as you did in [2 Chronicles 20:19](../20/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Obadiah ... Zechariah + +Translate these men's names the same as you did for other men by the same names in [2 Chronicles 17:7](../17/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# These Levites were in charge of those who carried building material and all other men who worked in any way + +This means that they were in charge of all the men who did any type of building work. AT: "These Levites were in charge of all of the men who did any kind of building work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/14.md b/2ch/34/14.md index f24d3fc2f7..2d0d27f38a 100644 --- a/2ch/34/14.md +++ b/2ch/34/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## When they brought out the money that was brought into the house of Yahweh, ## +# When they brought out the money that was brought into -AT: "When the supervisors were receiving the money in the temple," +The word "they" refers to Hilkiah and whoever was helping him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When they brought out the money for the supervisors from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## everything that has been entrusted to them ## +# that had been given through Moses -AT: "everything that you gave them the responsibility to do." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Yahweh had given to the people through Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Shaphan + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the book of the law + +Most likely these laws were written on a scroll. A scroll was a type of book made of one long, rolled-up sheet of papyrus or leather. + +# everything that has been entrusted to them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everything that you entrusted to them to do" or "everything that you gave them the responsibility to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/17.md b/2ch/34/17.md index 6fb54591bc..8c8a8bd4f5 100644 --- a/2ch/34/17.md +++ b/2ch/34/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## They have emptied out ## +# They have emptied out -AT: "They have gathered" +This is an idiom. AT: "They have gathered all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## It came about that when ## +# into the hand of the supervisors and to the workmen -this phrase is a marker; it indicates that what follows is an especially important event in this story. AT: "Now, notice what happens next:" \ No newline at end of file +The supervisors and workmen are represented by their "hand" to emphasize their possession. AT: "to the supervisors and the workmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# It came about that when + +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# he tore his clothes + +This is a symbolic action that indicates intense grief or sadness. AT: "he tore his clothes because he was very upset" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/20.md b/2ch/34/20.md index a7fc2ac07b..1d346e7a84 100644 --- a/2ch/34/20.md +++ b/2ch/34/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Ahikam son of Shaphan, Abdon son of Micah, Shaphan ... Asaiah -## ask Yahweh's will for me, ## +These are the names of men. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "Ask Yahweh what he wants me to do," +# ask Yahweh's will for me -## because of the words of the book ## +The word "will" can be translated as a verb. Also, it is made clear in [2 Chronicles 34:22](./22.md) that the king means for the men to go to the prophetess of Yahweh to determine Yahweh's will. AT: "Ask Yahweh what he wants me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -AT: "according to what is written in the book" +# because of the words -## For it is great, the anger of Yahweh that has been poured out on us. It is great, ## +"concerning the words" -AT: "For Yahweh's anger towards us is great, like water that could totally wash us away," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the words of the book that has been found + +Here "words" represents the laws. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the laws in the book that Hilkiah has found" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For it is great, the anger of Yahweh that has been poured out on us. It is great + +Emotions such as anger are often spoken of in Scripture as if they were liquids. AT: "For Yahweh's anger towards us is great, like water that could totally wash us away" or "For great is Yahweh's anger with which he has punished us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all that was written in it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all that is written in it" or "all that is in this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/22.md b/2ch/34/22.md index 3e58a6dfc6..96abc60706 100644 --- a/2ch/34/22.md +++ b/2ch/34/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Huldah -## keeper of the wardrobe ## +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "who took care of the priestly robes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# Shallum ... Tokhath ... Hasrah -## they spoke to her in this way: ## +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "they had the following conversation with her," \ No newline at end of file +# keeper of the wardrobe + +This refers to Shallum. Possible meanings are 1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or 2) the person who took care of the king's clothing. + +# the Second District + +"the 2nd District" or "District 2" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# they spoke with her in this way + +"they had the following conversation with her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/23.md b/2ch/34/23.md index 51d9756bc6..30c3feef68 100644 --- a/2ch/34/23.md +++ b/2ch/34/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## so that they might provoke me to anger with all the deeds they have committed- ## +# the man who sent you to me -**- "the result is that they have made me extremely angry because of what they have done" (See: Difficult words or phrases; see: UDB) +Here "the man" refers to King Josiah. -## therefore my anger will be poured out on this place, and it will not be extinguished ## +# See -AT: "therefore it will be like a fire that I pour out on them, and nothing will stop this fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word is used here as an idiom to draw the listener's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I am about to bring disaster on this place and on its inhabitants + +Yahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that he could bring to a place. AT: "I will soon cause terrible things to happen to this place and to those who live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# on this place + +"to Jerusalem" This refers to the city of Jerusalem which represents the whole land of Judah. AT: "on Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all the curses that have been written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the curses written" or "all the curses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they have provoked me to anger + +"they have made me angry" + +# therefore, my anger will be poured out on this place, and it will not be extinguished + +Emotions such as anger are often spoken of in Scripture as if they were liquids. AT: "therefore, my anger against this place is like a fire, and nothing will stop it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my anger will be poured out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will pour out my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on this place + +Here "this place" refers to the people who live there. AT: "on these people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/26.md b/2ch/34/26.md index 00cab437ec..844c763c86 100644 --- a/2ch/34/26.md +++ b/2ch/34/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## "Yahweh, the God of Israel says this: About the words that you heard: 'because your heart was tender, ## +# About the words that you heard -AT: "Yahweh, the God of Israel, says this about the words that you have heard: 'Because your heart was soft - willing to change," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] ) +Here "words" represents the message that Huldah just spoke. AT: "About the message that you heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## have torn your clothes ## +# because your heart was tender -This was a sign of sorrow and repentance. +Here "heart" represents a person's inner being. Feeling sorry is spoken of as if the heart were tender. AT: "because you felt sorry" or "because you repented" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will gather you to your ancestors; you will be gathered to your grave ## +# torn your clothes -AT: "you will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a symbolic action that indicates intense grief or sadness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## nor will your eyes see ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -AT: "and you will not experience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# see, I will gather you to your ancestors. You will be gathered to your grave in peace + +Both statements mean basically the same thing. They are polite ways of saying he will die. AT: "so I will allow you to die and be buried peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# You will be gathered to your grave + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will gather you to your grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your eyes will not see + +Here "eyes" represents the whole person. Also, the phrase "will not see" represents not experiencing something. AT: "you will not experience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the disaster I will bring on this place + +Yahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that Yahweh would bring to a place. AT: "the terrible things I will cause to happen to this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/29.md b/2ch/34/29.md index 0c4c58de5f..0a70716e4f 100644 --- a/2ch/34/29.md +++ b/2ch/34/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## all the people, from great to small ## +# all the men of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem -AT: "everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This is a generalization. AT: "many other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## read in their hearing - ## +# from great to small -** AT: "read to them" \ No newline at end of file +This merism includes everyone in between. AT: "from the most important to the least important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# He then read in their hearing + +"Then the king read aloud so that they could hear" + +# that had been found + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that Hilkiah had found" or "that they had found" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/31.md b/2ch/34/31.md index adfe577ea5..6015ba00b3 100644 --- a/2ch/34/31.md +++ b/2ch/34/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## stood in his place ## +# stood in his place -AT: "stood where he was supposed to stand at the entrance to the temple" +This refers to the place where the king stood at the temple. AT: "stood where he was supposed to stand at the entrance to the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## with all his heart and all his soul, ## +# walk after Yahweh -AT: "completely," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path, and "to walk after" someone is a metonym for doing what that other person does or wants others to do. AT: "live obeying Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to stand by the covenant. ## +# his commandments, his regulations, and his statutes -To obey the covenant of God" \ No newline at end of file +These words all share similar meanings. Together they emphasize everything that Yahweh had commanded in the law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# with all his heart and all his soul + +The idiom "with all his heart" means "completely" and "with all his soul" means "with all his being." These two phrases have similar meanings. AT: "with all his being" or "with all his energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# that were written in this book + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that this book contained" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all who were found in Jerusalem and Benjamin + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all who lived in Jerusalem and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# stand by the covenant + +This is an idiom. AT: "accept the terms of the covenant" or "promise to obey the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/33.md b/2ch/34/33.md index 39eb53404d..d7aed9cb50 100644 --- a/2ch/34/33.md +++ b/2ch/34/33.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## the disgusting things ## +# Josiah took away all -These are the idols that were repulsive to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Josiah would have commanded his workers to do this. AT: "Josiah commanded his workers to take away all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the disgusting things + +These are the idols that were repulsive to God. AT: "the disgusting idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For all of his days + +Josiah's life is represented by his "days." AT: "For all of his life" or "As long as Josiah was alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/34/intro.md b/2ch/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..63e7be36df --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 34 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is the beginning of the story of King Josiah. (2 Chronicles 34-35) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Returning the people to Yahweh ##### + +Josiah worshiped Yahweh and cleaned out the idols and shrines from Judah. The people returned to worship Yahweh again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/01.md b/2ch/35/01.md index 9ae5f6db6a..4d599b60a5 100644 --- a/2ch/35/01.md +++ b/2ch/35/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## the fourteenth day of the first month ## +# Josiah kept a Passover to Yahweh -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeday]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]]) +Josiah commanded the people to celebrate the Passover that Yahweh had commanded their ancestors to celebrate. -## He placed the priests in their positions ## +# in Jerusalem -AT: "He told the priests which jobs to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh had commanded Moses that all the people of Israel were to go to Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover. + +# the fourteenth day of the first month + +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# He placed the priests in their positions + +Placing the priests in a position is a metaphor for telling the priests which jobs they are to do. The reader should probably understand that Josiah commanded his officials to give instructions to the priests. AT: "He had people tell the priests which jobs to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the service of + +The abstract noun "service" can be translated as a verb. AT: "as they served in" or "to serve well in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/03.md b/2ch/35/03.md index d7063b9995..bc25f34ebb 100644 --- a/2ch/35/03.md +++ b/2ch/35/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## that Solomon, the son of David, king of Israel, built ## +# that Solomon son of David, king of Israel built -AT: "the people built under the leadership of King Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. AT: "that Solomon, king of Israel, commanded the people to build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## your ancestral houses and your divisions ## +# by the name of your ancestral houses and your divisions -AT: "your tribes and families" \ No newline at end of file +The word "name" is a collective noun, referring to each name of each ancestral house and each division. Your language may need to say "according to the names of your ancestral houses and your divisions." + +# your ancestral houses + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. AT: "the families that are descendants of your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# divisions + +groups into which the people had divided the priests and Levites + +# the written instructions of David ... and those of Solomon, his son + +"the instructions that David ... and Solomon, his son, wrote" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/05.md b/2ch/35/05.md index b8402664bb..e7ef141eca 100644 --- a/2ch/35/05.md +++ b/2ch/35/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## your divisions ## +# Stand in the holy place, taking your position -This refers to the assigned work group for each Levite. +"Take your positions in the temple area" -## the ancestral houses ## +# your divisions -This refers to the various clans among the Levites. It seems that Levites were assigned to different work groups on the basis of the kind of work assigned to each clan or ancestral house. +This refers to the work group to which the people had assigned each Levite. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 35:4](./03.md). -## Stand in the holy place ## +# the ancestral houses -Here "holy place" seems to refer to the general temple area. AT: "take your positions in the temple area." \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the various clans among the Levites. It seems that Levites were assigned to different work groups on the basis of the kind of work assigned to each clan or ancestral house. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 35:4](./03.md). + +# consecrate yourselves + +This probably refers to the priests and Levites washing themselves before they did work in the temple. + +# to do according to the word of Yahweh that was given by the hand of Moses + +Here the word "hand" refers to Moses himself. Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. This can be translated in active form. AT: "to obey all of the commands that Yahweh gave to the people through Moses" or "to do everything that Yahweh commanded Moses to tell the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/07.md b/2ch/35/07.md index 31c1bddee4..be5f3220a2 100644 --- a/2ch/35/07.md +++ b/2ch/35/07.md @@ -1,5 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## kids ## +# thirty thousand lambs -This is a baby goat. \ No newline at end of file +"30,000 lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# kids + +baby goats + +# three thousand bulls + +"3,000 bulls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# these were from the king's possessions + +"all these lambs, kids, and bulls that he gave were ones that he himself owned" + +# 2,600 small cattle + +"two thousand six hundred small cattle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# three hundred oxen + +"300 oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Hilkiah ... Zechariah ... Jehiel ... Konaniah ... Shemaiah ... Nethanel ... Hashabiah ... Jeiel ... Jozabad + +These are all the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# five thousand small cattle + +"5,000 small cattle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# five hundred oxen + +"500 oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/10.md b/2ch/35/10.md index 78d67699cf..c401ec14d6 100644 --- a/2ch/35/10.md +++ b/2ch/35/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the service was prepared ## +# the service was prepared -"they prepared everything to perform the Passover." +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they prepared everything they needed so they could perform the Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the blood that they received from the Levites’ hand ## +# their divisions -"the blood that the Levites gave them" \ No newline at end of file +the groups into which the people had divided the priests and Levites. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 35:4](./03.md). + +# the blood that they received from the Levites' hand + +Here the word "hand" refers to the Levites. AT: "the blood that the Levites gave them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# ancestral houses of the people + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. AT: "the families that were the descendants of their ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/13.md b/2ch/35/13.md index 5e0c724142..8cf672bd9d 100644 --- a/2ch/35/13.md +++ b/2ch/35/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## They roasted ## +# General Information: -AT: "they cooked" +All instances of "they" and "themselves" refer to the Levites ([2 Chronicles 35:10](./10.md)). -## they boiled them in pots, caldrons, and pans ## +# They roasted the Passover lambs with fire -AT: "they cooked them in water in many different pots" +"They cooked the Passover lambs over fires" -## for themselves ## +# they boiled them in pots, cauldrons, and pans -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +"they cooked them in water in containers of different sizes" + +# They ... prepared offerings for themselves and for the priests + +"They ... prepared the offerings that they would eat and the offerings that the priests would eat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/15.md b/2ch/35/15.md index 4da2dad106..b9d6c7ba91 100644 --- a/2ch/35/15.md +++ b/2ch/35/15.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# as directed by David, Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun the king's seer -## in their place ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as David, Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun the king's seer had directed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 30:16](../30/16.md) \ No newline at end of file +# Heman ... Jeduthun + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/16.md b/2ch/35/16.md index cd34be9d1f..356ce0a07d 100644 --- a/2ch/35/16.md +++ b/2ch/35/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## the entire service ## +# the entire service of Yahweh was carried out -Everything associated with the preparation, sacrifice and worship of Yahweh during the passover can be referred to as a worship "service". \ No newline at end of file +This refers to everything associated with the preparation, the sacrifice, and the worship of Yahweh during the Passover. The word "service" can be expressed as a verb and this can be stated in active form. AT: "they did everything that needed to be done to serve Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# kept the Passover + +This is an idiom. AT: "observed the Passover" or "celebrated the Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# then the Festival of Unleavened Bread + +This refers to celebrating the festival. AT: "then kept the Festival of Unleavened Bread" or "then celebrated the Festival of Unleavened Bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/18.md b/2ch/35/18.md index 682e323330..d1a4d7b72a 100644 --- a/2ch/35/18.md +++ b/2ch/35/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## Israel ## +# Such a Passover celebration had never been held in Israel -The first use of Israel reference the nation of Israel as a whole, but the second use of Israel refers specifically to the northern tribes of the kingdom of Israel \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "There had never been such a Passover celebration in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# held in Israel + +This refers specifically to the nation of Israel as a whole, as it was before the northern kingdom and southern king split. + +# from the days + +"from the time" + +# the other kings of Israel + +Here "Israel" refers specifically to the northern kingdom of Israel. + +# This Passover was kept + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They observed this Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was kept + +This is an idiom. AT: "was observed" or "was celebrated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the eighteenth year + +"the 18th year" or "year 18" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/20.md b/2ch/35/20.md index d8690024d7..0f655a33bc 100644 --- a/2ch/35/20.md +++ b/2ch/35/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# set the temple in order -## set the temple in order ## +This means that he restored the worship in the temple as God had intended it to be. AT: "restored proper worship to the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "restored proper worship to the temple" +# Necho, king of Egypt, went up -## What have I to do with you, king of Judah? ## +This is the name of the king of Egypt. Here the king represents himself accompanied by his army. AT: "Necho, king of Egypt, went up with his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "You have no reason to attack me, King of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# against Carchemish -## I am not coming against you ## +This is the name of a city. Here the city represents the people who live there. AT: "against the people of Carchemish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "I am not fighting your kingdom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Josiah went to fight against him -## against the house with which I am making war ## +Here both Josiah and Necho represent themselves accompained by their armies. AT: "Josiah and his army went to fight against Necho and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "against Babylon, against whom I am making war" \ No newline at end of file +# What have I to do with you, king of Judah? + +Necho uses this rhetorical question to tell Josiah that he is not in conflict with him and that Josiah should not attack him. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You have no reason to attack me, king of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I am not coming against you + +Here the king Josiah represents his kingdom. AT: "I am not fighting your kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# against the house with which + +Here the word "house" refers to the house of Babylon, where "house" is a metonym for the kingdom. The kingdom is a synechdoche representing the Babylonian army. AT: "against the house of Babylon, with whom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/22.md b/2ch/35/22.md index db36b6d784..801b823731 100644 --- a/2ch/35/22.md +++ b/2ch/35/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## fight with him ## +# He disguised himself -"fight with the army of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Josiah disguised himself so that the other armies would not recognize him. -## that had from the mouth of God ## +# fight with him -"from God" or "that God said to him" \ No newline at end of file +The word "him" refers to Necho who represents himself accompanied by his army. AT: "fight with the army of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# that had come from the mouth of God + +Here God is represented by his "mouth" to emphasize his speech. AT: "that had come from God" or "that God had said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# so he went + +The word "he" refers to Josiah who represents himself accompanied by his army. AT: "so he and his army went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the Valley of Megiddo + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/23.md b/2ch/35/23.md index 03f9a29f38..0a9d837bca 100644 --- a/2ch/35/23.md +++ b/2ch/35/23.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# All Judah and Jerusalem + +"Judah" and "Jerusalem" represent the people who live there. AT: "All the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/25.md b/2ch/35/25.md index f750b1a6d9..b653a555b7 100644 --- a/2ch/35/25.md +++ b/2ch/35/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## to this day ## +# to this day -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md) \ No newline at end of file +This means the day on which the writer wrote. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md). + +# behold + +This word is used here to add emphasis to what is said next. + +# the songs of lament + +This was an ancient scroll of funeral songs. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/26.md b/2ch/35/26.md index d73903cbed..daf1a5aba9 100644 --- a/2ch/35/26.md +++ b/2ch/35/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## from beginning to end ## +# his good deeds done -AT: "all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the good deeds that he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel ## +# what is written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# and his deeds ... are written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "men have written of all his deeds, from beginning to end," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his deeds, from beginning to end, + +This refers to all of the significant things that he did from the beginning of his reign as king to the end of his life. AT: "all of his deeds" or "everything he did from the beginning of his reign to when he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the book of the kings of Judah and Israel This is a book that no longer exists. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/35/intro.md b/2ch/35/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eb9c222117 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/35/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 35 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the end of the story of King Josiah. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Passover ##### +Josiah organized a large Passover celebration and people shared their animals with those without animals to sacrifice. The celebration of Passover was a sign of proper worship by the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/01.md b/2ch/36/01.md index 5494e24088..223cdfb4c1 100644 --- a/2ch/36/01.md +++ b/2ch/36/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Jehoahaz ## +# Jehoahaz -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in his father's place + +The phrase "in his ... place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "instead of his father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# twenty-three years old ... three months + +"23 years old ... 3 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/03.md b/2ch/36/03.md index 717062f346..6165db5f89 100644 --- a/2ch/36/03.md +++ b/2ch/36/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# The king of Egypt removed him at Jerusalem -## talent ## +The idiom "removed him at Jerusalem" means that he caused him no longer to be king in Jerusalem. AT: "The king of Egypt removed him from being king in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +# fined the land -## brought him to Egypt ## +Here the word "land" represents the people who lived there. AT: "fined the people of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "took him to Egypt as a prisoner" \ No newline at end of file +# one hundred talents of silver and one talent of gold + +You may convert this to a modern measure. A talent was about 33 kilograms. AT: "thirty-three hundred kilograms of silver and thirty-three kilograms of gold" or "about 3,300 kilograms of silver and 33 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Eliakim ... Jehoahaz + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/05.md b/2ch/36/05.md index 2c2f4e9260..3605af6ad9 100644 --- a/2ch/36/05.md +++ b/2ch/36/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## He did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# twenty-five years old ... eleven years -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 21:6](../21/06.md) +"25 years old ... 11 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## attacked him ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh his God -AT: "attacked Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "sight" represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of Jehoiakim's actions. AT: "what Yahweh judged to be evil" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Nebuchadnezzar also carried ## +# attacked him -Nebuchanezzar's servents carried. \ No newline at end of file +The word "him" refers to Jehoiakim. Jehoiakim represents either Jerusalem or the nation of Judah. AT: "attacked Jerusalem" or "attacked Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Nebuchadnezzar also carried + +Since Nebuchadnezzar was king, he may have had his soldiers do this. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar also had his soldiers carry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Yahweh + +Here the word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/08.md b/2ch/36/08.md index c280642280..325022bb51 100644 --- a/2ch/36/08.md +++ b/2ch/36/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## the disgusting things that he did ## +# the disgusting things that he did -This usually refers to the worshipping of false gods which Yahweh hated. +This usually refers to worshiping false gods, which Yahweh hated. -## what was found in him ## +# what was found against him -This may be a reference to his character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom refers to things that he did for which people could accuse him of wrong. This can be stated in active form. AT: "what people found against him" or "things that he did for which people could accuse him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel ## +# behold -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 35:26](../35/26.md) \ No newline at end of file +"indeed." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# they are written in the book + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has written them in the book" or "you can read of them in the book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the book of the kings of Judah and Israel + +This is a book that no longer exists. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 35:27](../35/26.md). + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Jehoiakim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/09.md b/2ch/36/09.md index 39fb0906ee..c525bbf438 100644 --- a/2ch/36/09.md +++ b/2ch/36/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## He did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# eight years old ... three months and ten days -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md) \ No newline at end of file +"8 years old ... 3 months and 10 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +Here "sight" here represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of Jehoiachin's actions. AT: "what Yahweh judged to be evil" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# brought him to Babylon + +"brought Jehoiachin to Babylon" + +# the house of Yahweh + +Here "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his relative + +"Jehoiachin's relative" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/11.md b/2ch/36/11.md index 5eff71da2f..d797e2fe71 100644 --- a/2ch/36/11.md +++ b/2ch/36/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He did not humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet ## +# twenty-one years old ... eleven years -AT: "He did not humble himself and obey God by listening to Jeremiah the prophet" +"21 years old ... 11 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## from the mouth of Yahweh ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh his God -"from the words God had given him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "sight" represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of Zedekiah's actions. AT: "what Yahweh his God judged to be evil" or "what Yahweh his God considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who spoke from the mouth of Yahweh + +Here the word "mouth" represents the words that Yahweh spoke. AT: "who spoke the words that Yahweh spoke to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/13.md b/2ch/36/13.md index 609d436418..69ebea9854 100644 --- a/2ch/36/13.md +++ b/2ch/36/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## stiffened his neck and hardened his heart ## +# Zedekiah stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to Yahweh -These emphasize Zedekiah's rebellion against God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The phrases "stiffened his neck" and "hardened his heart" are both metaphors that mean to become stubborn. Zedekiah refusing to worship Yahweh is spoken of as if he refused to turn to Yahweh. AT: "Zedekiah stubbornly refused to worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## disgusting things ## +# they followed the disgusting practices of the nations -See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 15:8](../15/08.md) +The idiom "followed the ... practices" means to do those things. AT: "they did the disgusting things that the nations did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## polluted the House of Yahweh ## +# disgusting practices -AT: "they made unholy that which was to be holy" \ No newline at end of file +This phrase refers to worshiping other gods. + +# They polluted the house of Yahweh + +A place that is unfit to be used for God's purposes is spoken of as if it were physically dirty. The word "house" represents the temple. AT: "They polluted the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/15.md b/2ch/36/15.md index b659dfd26f..85528c3dac 100644 --- a/2ch/36/15.md +++ b/2ch/36/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## again and again ## +# again and again -AT: "many times" +"many times" -## there was no help for it ## +# the place where he lives -AT: "there was no way to avoid it" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the temple. + +# the wrath of Yahweh arose against his people + +Here the word "arose" refers to beginning an action. Yahweh punishing his people in his anger is spoken of as if his wrath were a person who acted against them. AT: "in his wrath, Yahweh began to punish his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there was no help for it + +This idiom means that nobody could do anything to prevent what happened. AT: "there was no way to avoid it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/17.md b/2ch/36/17.md index 290b323a96..845895de32 100644 --- a/2ch/36/17.md +++ b/2ch/36/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## God gave them all into his hand ## +# God brought on them the king of the Chaldeans, who -AT: "God allowed the Chaldean army to defeat them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The idiom "brought on them" means to cause to attack with his army. AT: "God caused the king of the Chaldeans to attack them, and he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who killed their young men with the sword + +The king probably did not personally kill their young men. Rather, his army killed them. AT: "whose army killed their young men with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God gave them all into his hand + +Here "hand" is a metonym for the power to defeat them. AT: "God allowed the Chaldean army to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/18.md b/2ch/36/18.md index 6b04619e03..51b0b8913a 100644 --- a/2ch/36/18.md +++ b/2ch/36/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## he took ## +# the house of God ... the house of Yahweh -his soldiers took (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the temple of God ... the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## they burned down ## +# They burned down "They" refers to the Babylonian soldiers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/20.md b/2ch/36/20.md index 05230ef80a..2f285b5e99 100644 --- a/2ch/36/20.md +++ b/2ch/36/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## the king carried ## +# The king carried away to Babylon -"His soldiers took." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "the king" refers to his soldiers whom he ordered to do the work. The phrase "carried away" is an idiom that means to forcefully bring them to Babylon. AT: "The king had his army forcefully take to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## it lay desolate ## +# until the rule of the kingdom of Persia -AT: "it was abandoned" \ No newline at end of file +"until the kingdom of Persia came to power" + +# the word of Yahweh by the mouth of Jeremiah + +Here the noun "word" can be translated with the verb "spoke." The word "mouth" represents Jeremiah. AT: "what Yahweh spoke through Jeremiah" or "the word from Yahweh that Jeremiah spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# until the land should have enjoyed its Sabbath rests + +The people were supposed to obey the Sabbath law by not farming the land every seventh year. This phrase speaks about this as if the land were a person that would obey the Sabbath law and rest. AT: "until the land had rested according to the Sabbath law" or "until, as required by the Sabbath law, no one had farmed the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# It observed its Sabbath for as long as it lay abandoned + +The word "it" refers to the land. The land is spoken of as if it were a person who observed the Sabbath. AT: "The requirements of the Sabbath law were fulfilled as long as the land lay abandoned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# in order to pass seventy years in this way + +"so that 70 years passed while the land lay abandoned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/22.md b/2ch/36/22.md index ee8a59b468..f6dcf26215 100644 --- a/2ch/36/22.md +++ b/2ch/36/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## in the first year ## +# in the first year -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This refers to the beginning of the reign of King Cyrus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## he has commanded me to build a house ## +# so that the word of Yahweh by the mouth of Jeremiah might be carried out -AT: "And he has appointed me to command that my workers build a temple for him in Jerusalem," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the noun "word" can be translated with the verb "spoke." The word "mouth" represents Jeremiah. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that what Yahweh spoke through Jeremiah might happen" or "so that the word from Yahweh that Jeremiah spoke might happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh motivated the spirit of Cyrus, king of Persia + +Motivating the spirit is a synecdoche for making someone want to act. AT: "Yahweh made Cyrus, king of Persia, want to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all the kingdoms of the earth + +This is an exaggeration, as there were kingdoms over which Cyrus did not rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# to build a house for him + +Here the word "house" represents a temple. AT: "to build a temple for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his people + +"Yahweh's people" + +# Let him go up to the land + +"Let that person go up to the land of Judah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/36/intro.md b/2ch/36/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4d2411fcdc --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/36/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Chronicles 36 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the end of the story of Judah as an independent country. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Punishment ##### +God warned the people through the prophets, that he would punish them if they did not worship Yahweh. The people refused to listen to the prophets or to stop their evil deeds. God finally punished them by letting the Babylonians conquer them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Chronicles 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../35/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/front/intro.md b/2ch/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c1adac8cb --- /dev/null +++ b/2ch/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +# Introduction to 2 Chronicles # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of 2 Chronicles #### + +1. The kingdom ruled by Solomon (Chapters 1–9) + - Solomon put on the throne of David, his father (Chapter 1) + - The building of the temple of Yahweh (2:1–5:1) + - Dedication of the temple for the worship of Yahweh (5:2–7:22) + - The life of Solomon (8:1–9:28) +1. The decline of Judah, to the fall and exile (Chapters 10–36) + - From Rehoboam to Zedekiah (10:1–36:21) + - The edict of Cyrus, permitting Israel to return to Canaan (36:22–23) + +#### What are 1 and 2 Chronicles about? #### + +The purpose of 1 and 2 Chronicles was to retell the genealogy of Adam through Jacob's descendants until the time of the first king of Israel, and to tell the history of the kings of Israel and Judah until the Babylonian army attacked Judah and took some of the people to Babylon. These books were probably written for the Jews who returned from exile in Babylon. The purpose was to give the people instructions on how to avoid repeating the sins of their ancestors who were unfaithful to the covenant with Yahweh. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +You may also call this book "The Events of the Kings of Judah and Israel, Book 2" or "The Second Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah and Israel." + +#### Who wrote 1 and 2 Chronicles? #### + +These books seem to contain many different historical accounts that were put together. The writers of Chronicles mention other books that they took information from in their own writing. The non-biblical sources included "The Chronicles of Samuel the Seer," "The Chronicles of Nathan the Seer," "The Chronicles of Gad the Seer," "The History of Nathan the Prophet," "The Chronicles of Shemaiah the Prophet and Iddo," "The Story of the Prophet Iddo" and "The books of the kings of Judah and Israel." + +#### Why are there multiple books which give the history of the kings of Israel? #### + +Though the Books of 1 and 2 Chronicles cover much of the same history as the Books of 1 and 2 Kings, they do not repeat everything. The purpose of 1 and 2 Chronicles was not simply to retell the history of Israel and Judah by repeating the books of 1 and 2 Kings. Instead, the writers of these books want to reassure the people that Yahweh would still be faithful to his covenant with them. + +The Books of 1 and 2 Chronicles focus on David and Solomon and the reformation that Jehoshaphat, Hezekiah, and Josiah accomplished. Those reformations were to encourage all the people of Yahweh and their leaders to obey the Law and to honor his covenant with them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the role of divine retribution in 1 and 2 Chronicles? #### + +Retribution is righteous punishment of those who deserve it. This is an important theme in 1 and 2 Chronicles. There is a record of the fulfillment of the promise to bless those who bless Israel and to curse those who curse Israel. The author attempts to show the reader God's blessing or judgment being given to each generation in accordance with their obedience or disobedience of Yahweh's commands. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Why are alliances with foreign countries seen as evil in these books? #### + +Yahweh was the true leader of Israel and the protector of the nation. He was the one who should have been trusted, instead of the neighboring nations. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"? #### + +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who was also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the kingdom of Judah. + +#### What does it mean to "seek God?" #### + +The concept of seeking God is very common in 1 and 2 Chronicles. It does not imply that God is hidden; instead, it is a command to seek to please and honor God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### What does the phrase "to this day" mean? #### + +This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time which has already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in 2 Chronicles 5:9; 8:8; 10:19; 20:26; 21:10; 35:25. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/01.md b/2co/01/01.md index b5cf19dd3b..c103f037de 100644 --- a/2co/01/01.md +++ b/2co/01/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Paul ## +# General Information: -“From Paul.” Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. This could be translated as “I, Paul, wrote this letter.” +After Paul's greeting to the church in Corinth, he writes about suffering and comfort through Jesus Christ. Timothy is with him as well. -## brother ## +# General Information: -In the New Testament, the apostles often used the word “brother” to refer to fellow Christians, since all believers in Christ are members of one spiritual family, with God as their heavenly Father. +The word "you" throughout this letter refers to the people of the church in Corinth and to the rest of the Christians in that area. Possibly Timothy writes on parchment paper the words that Paul says. -## Achaia ## +# Paul ... to the church of God that is in Corinth -This is the name of a Roman province in the southern part of modern day Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter and its intended audience. AT: "I, Paul ... wrote this letter to you, the church of God that is in Corinth" -## Grace to you and peace ## +# Timothy our brother -The word "you" refers to the people of the church in Corinth and to the rest of the Christians in that area. This is a common greeting used by Paul in his letters. \ No newline at end of file +This indicates that both Paul and the Corinthians knew Timothy and considered him to be their spiritual brother. + +# Achaia + +This is the name of a Roman province in the southern part of modern-day Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# May grace be to you and peace + +This is a common greeting that Paul uses in his letters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/03.md b/2co/01/03.md index f52a1c47d4..400f9d32df 100644 --- a/2co/01/03.md +++ b/2co/01/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Paul and Timothy continue the introduction of their letter. +# May the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ be praised -## the God and Father ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May we always praise the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the God and Father "God, who is the Father" -## the Father of mercies and God of all comfort ## +# the Father of mercies and the God of all comfort -These phrases are similar ways to say the same thing. The words "Father" and "God" are used to describe God as "the one who gives" or "the source" because God is the source of all things. AT: "the source of all mercy and comfort" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases express the same idea in two different ways. Both phrases refer to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## comforts us in all our affliction ## +# the Father of mercies and the God of all comfort -"us" and "our" include the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) that the words "mercies" and "all comfort" describe the character of "Father" and "God" or 2) that the words "Father" and "God" refer to one who is the source of "mercies" and "all comfort." + +# comforts us in all our affliction + +Here "us" and "our" include the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/05.md b/2co/01/05.md index e855f44716..02880638c3 100644 --- a/2co/01/05.md +++ b/2co/01/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Paul and Timothy encourage the people of the church in Corinth. +# For just as the sufferings of Christ abound for our sake -## For just as the sufferings of Christ abound for our sake ## +Paul speaks of Christ's sufferings as if they were objects that could increase in number. AT: "For just as Christ suffered greatly for our sake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"For just as Christ suffered greatly for our sake" +# the sufferings of Christ -## But if we are afflicted ## +Possible meanings are 1) that this refers to the suffering that Paul and Timothy experience because they preach the message about Christ or 2) that this refers to the suffering that Christ experienced on their behalf. -Paul is describing their own sufferings apart from the Corinthians. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +# our comfort abounds -## which works ## +Paul speaks of comfort as if it were an object that could increase in size. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"which you experience" \ No newline at end of file +# But if we are afflicted + +Here the word "we" refers to Paul and Timothy, but not to the Corinthians. This can be stated in active form. AT: "But if people afflict us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if we are comforted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if God comforts us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Your comfort is working effectively + +"You experience effective comfort" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/08.md b/2co/01/08.md index a940bd0ea2..7505a9d521 100644 --- a/2co/01/08.md +++ b/2co/01/08.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -Paul and Timothy continue to their letter. +# we do not want you to be uninformed -## we do not want you to be ignorant ## +This can be stated in positive terms. AT: "we want you to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -"we want you to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) - -## completely crushed ## - -The word "crushed" refers to the feeling of despair. AT: "in complete despair" - -## beyond what we could bear ## +# We were completely crushed beyond what we could bear Paul and Timothy refer to their emotions of despair being like a heavy weight they have to carry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the sentence of death on us ## +# We were completely crushed -Paul and Timothy are comparing their feeling of despair to someone condemned to die. AT: "we were in despair like someone who is condemned to die" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "crushed" refers to the feeling of despair. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The troubles we experienced completely crushed us" or "We were in complete despair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## but instead in God ## +# we had the sentence of death on us -The words “put our trust” are left out of this phrase. AT: "but instead, put our trust in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +Paul and Timothy are comparing their feeling of despair to that of someone condemned to die. AT: "we were in despair like someone who is condemned to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who raises the dead ## +# but instead in God + +The words "put our trust" are left out of this phrase. AT: "but instead, to put our trust in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# who raises the dead "who brings the dead back to life" -## a deadly peril ## +# a deadly peril -Paul and Timothy compare their feeling of despair to a deadly peril or terrible danger (UDB). AT: "despair" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul compares his feeling of despair as a result of the troubles that they experienced to a deadly peril or terrible danger. AT: "despair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/11.md b/2co/01/11.md index 10205c5f50..e9fb8d5a8e 100644 --- a/2co/01/11.md +++ b/2co/01/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## He will do this as you also help us ## +# He will do this as you also help us -"God will rescue us from danger as you, the people of the church of Corinth, pray for us." \ No newline at end of file +"God will rescue us from danger as you, the people of the church of Corinth, also help us" + +# the gracious favor given to us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the gracious favor which God has given to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/12.md b/2co/01/12.md index b02f090c09..965f6a70ad 100644 --- a/2co/01/12.md +++ b/2co/01/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## testimony of our conscience ## +# General Information: -the proof given by Paul's and Timothy's thoughts about their own actions. +In these verses Paul uses the words "we," "our," "ourselves," and "us" to refer to himself and Timothy and possibly others who served with them. These words do not include the people he was writing to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## earthly wisdom ## +# We are proud of this ... your reason for boasting -"human wisdom" +The words "proud" and "boasting" here are used in the positive sense of feeling great satisfaction and joy in something. -## We do not write to you anything you cannot read or understand ## +# Our conscience testifies -"everything we write to you, you can read and understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Paul speaks of not being guilty as if his conscience were a person that could speak. AT: "We know by our conscience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## just as you will be ours ## +# not relying on fleshly wisdom but on the grace of God. -AT: "just as you will be our reason to be proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "fleshly" represents human. AT: "We have not relied on human wisdom but on the grace of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# We write to you nothing that you cannot read and understand + +This can be stated in positive terms. AT: "You can read and understand everything we write to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/15.md b/2co/01/15.md index 6d61555c31..92d1d0b0cb 100644 --- a/2co/01/15.md +++ b/2co/01/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Because I was confident about this ## +# Connecting Statement: -This refers back to Paul's comments about the Corinthians in the preceding verses. +Paul explains his sincere expectation with pure motives to come see the believers in Corinth after his first letter. -## send me on my way to Judea ## +# General Information: + +Paul wrote at least 3 letters to the Corinthians. Only 2 letters to Corinth are recorded in the Bible. + +# Because I was confident about this + +The word "this" refers to Paul's previous comments about the Corinthians. + +# you might receive the benefit of two visits + +"you might benefit from me visiting you twice" + +# send me on my way to Judea "assist me on my way to Judea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/17.md b/2co/01/17.md index 8edbcc1781..fb4ddef78d 100644 --- a/2co/01/17.md +++ b/2co/01/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## When I was thinking this way, did I vacillate? ## +# was I hesitating? -Paul and Timothy use this question to show they sure about their decision. AT: "When I was thinking this way, I was confident in my decision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses this question to emphasize he was sure about his decision to visit the Corinthians. The expected answer to the question is no. AT: "I was not hesitating." or "I was confident in my decision." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## did I vacillate ## +# Do I plan things according to human standards ... at the same time? -"was I unsure" +Paul uses this question to emphasize that his plans to visit the Corinthians were sincere. AT: "I do not plan things according to human standards ... at the same time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Or do I plan things according to human standards, so that that I say "Yes, yes" and "No, no" at the same time? ## +# Do I plan things ... so that I say "Yes, yes" and "No, no" at the same time? -Paul defends his integrity. AT: "I plan things as God would want me to, I will say yes or no, only when I know my answer is the truth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that Paul did not say both that he would visit and that he would not visit at the same time. The words "yes" and "no" are repeated for emphasis. AT: "I do not plan things ... so that I say 'Yes, I will certainly visit' and 'No, I will definitely not visit' at the same time!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/19.md b/2co/01/19.md index b10e2d7f74..6c99cdfd3e 100644 --- a/2co/01/19.md +++ b/2co/01/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## is not ## +# For the Son of God ... is not "Yes" and "No." Instead, he is always "Yes." -Paul and Timothy are referring to how Jesus answers a request. AT: "does not answer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus says "Yes" concerning the promises of God, which means that he guarantees that they are true. AT: "For the Son of God ... does not say 'Yes' and 'No' concerning God's promises. Instead, he always says 'Yes.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## are "Yes" in him ## +# the Son of God -The word "Yes" refers to a person knowing God will deliver what he has promised. AT: "are sure to be given because of what Jesus Christ has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## "Yes" in him... him we say ## +# all the promises of God are "Yes" in him + +This means that Jesus guarantees all of God's promises. AT: "all the promises of God are guaranteed in Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# "Yes" in him ... through him we say The word "him" refers to Jesus Christ. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/21.md b/2co/01/21.md index 0ed6f65866..9f1e3d9b67 100644 --- a/2co/01/21.md +++ b/2co/01/21.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Paul and Timothy continue their letter to the people of the church in Corinth. +# God who confirms us with you -## set his seal on us ## +Possible meanings are 1) "God who confirms our relationship with each other because we are in Christ" or 2) "God who confirms both our and your relationship with Christ." -The phrase "his seal" refers to God's approval. AT: "approves of us". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# he appointed us + +Possible meanings are 1) "he sent us to preach the gospel" or 2) "he chose us to be his people." + +# he set his seal on us + +Paul speaks of God showing that we belong to him as if God had put a mark on us as a sign that we belong to him. AT: "he has put his mark of ownership on us" or "he has shown that we belong to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# gave us the Spirit in our hearts + +Here the word "hearts" refers to the innermost part of a person. AT: "gave us the Spirit to live within each of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the Spirit ... as a guarantee + +The Spirit is spoken of as if he was a partial downpayment toward eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/23.md b/2co/01/23.md index 101e7509e5..8f78c8fb46 100644 --- a/2co/01/23.md +++ b/2co/01/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## I call God to bear witness for me ## +# I call God to bear witness for me -The phrase "bear witness" refers to a person telling what they have seen or heard in order to settle an argument. "I ask God to show what I say is true" +The phrase "bear witness" refers to a person telling what they have seen or heard in order to settle an argument. AT: "I ask God to show what I say is true" -## stand in your faith ## +# so that I might spare you + +"so that I might not cause you more suffering" + +# we are working with you for your joy + +"we are working with you so that you may have joy" + +# stand in your faith The word "stand" can refer to something that does not change. AT: "remain firm in your faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/intro.md b/2co/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..88da18d58f --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The first paragraph is a reflection of a common way to begin a letter in the ancient Near East. + +This chapter begins with a much softer tone than any of the chapters in Paul's earlier letter to the Corinthian church, known as First Corinthians. + +##### Paul's integrity ##### +People have been criticizing Paul and saying he is not sincere. He refutes them by explaining his motives for what he is doing. + +#### Special Concepts #### + +##### Comfort ##### +This is a major theme of this chapter. Comforting Christians is a work of the Holy Spirit. It is probable that there was some affliction and the Corinthians needed to be comforted. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical question ##### + +Paul uses two rhetorical questions for the purpose of defending himself against a charge of insincerity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### We ##### +It is likely that Paul's usage of the pronoun "we" represents at least Timothy and himself. It is possible that it may also include other people. + +##### Guarantee ##### + +The Holy Spirit is said to be the guarantee, pledge or down-payment of a Christian's eternal life. While a Christian's salvation is secure, they do not get to experience the promises given to them until after their death. It is only then that they will experience their receiving of the gift of eternal life. The Holy Spirit is shown here to be a personal guarantee that this will happen. This concept comes from a business term whereby a person would give some valuable item to another person as a "guarantee" that they would repay money. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[2 Corinthians intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/01.md b/2co/02/01.md index 19321c7e8f..be685fecb3 100644 --- a/2co/02/01.md +++ b/2co/02/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Paul continues the letter to the people of the church at Corinth +# Connecting Statement: -## So I decided for my own part ## +Because of his great love for them, Paul makes it clear that his rebuke in his first letter to them (the rebuke of their acceptance of the sin of immorality) caused him pain as well as pain to the church people in Corinth and the immoral man. + +# I decided for my own part "I made the decision" -## you in painful circumstances ## +# in painful circumstances -AT: "when you are doing things I strongly disapprove of" +"in circumstances that would cause you pain" -## If I caused you pain, who could cheer me up but the very one who was hurt by me? ## +# If I caused you pain, who could cheer me up but the very one who was hurt by me? -Paul tells the Corinthians that they make him happy and hurting them would make both of them unhappy. AT: "If I caused you pain, I would be unhappy because you are unhappy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that neither he nor they would benefit if his coming to them would cause them pain. AT: "If I caused you pain, the only ones who could cheer me up would be the very ones whom I had hurt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the very one who was hurt by me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the very one whom I had hurt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/03.md b/2co/02/03.md index f19a15ad76..5367b165d7 100644 --- a/2co/02/03.md +++ b/2co/02/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## I might not be hurt by those ## +# I wrote as I did -Paul is speaking about the behavior of certain Corinthian believers that caused him emotional pain. AT: "I might not be hurt by the actions of those" +This refers to another letter that Paul had written to the Corinthian Christians that no longer exists. AT: "I wrote as I did in my previous letter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## from great affliction, with anguish of heart, and with many tears ## +# I might not be hurt by those who should have made me rejoice -These phrases express Paul's great sadness and wrote with great difficulty because of his love for the people of Corinth. AT: "with great difficulty because of the great sadness caused by my concern for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul is speaking about the behavior of certain Corinthian believers who caused him emotional pain. This can be stated in active form. AT: "those who should have made me rejoice might not hurt me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my joy is the same joy you all have + +"what gives me joy is what gives you joy, too" + +# from great affliction + +Here the word "affliction" refers to emotional pain. + +# with anguish of heart + +Here the word "heart" refers to the location of the emotions. AT: "with extreme sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with many tears + +"with much crying" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/05.md b/2co/02/05.md index 5345f72a53..0513eddf75 100644 --- a/2co/02/05.md +++ b/2co/02/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## in some measure ## +# in some measure -"in some part" +"to some extent" -## too harshly ## +# not to put it too harshly -"without enough kindness" +Possible meanings are 1) "I do not want to say it too severely" or 2) "I do not want to exaggerate." -## overwhelmed by too much sorrow ## +# This punishment of that person by the majority is enough -This is to have a strong emotional response of too much sorrow. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. The word "punishment" can be translated using a verb. AT: "The way that the majority has punished that person is enough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# is enough + +"is sufficient" + +# he is not overwhelmed by too much sorrow + +This means to have a strong emotional response of too much sorrow. This can be stated in active form. AT: "too much sorrow does not overwhelm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/08.md b/2co/02/08.md index ca05d02d48..4441f26163 100644 --- a/2co/02/08.md +++ b/2co/02/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Paul encourages the church in Corinth to forgive the person they have punished. +# Connecting Statement: -## publicly affirm your love for him ## +Paul encourages the church in Corinth to show love and to forgive the person they have punished. He writes that he, also, has forgiven him. -This is to welcome him back into the fellowship of believers. AT: "announce at the group meeting that you do still love him like you love family" +# publicly affirm your love for him -## you are obedient in everything ## +This means that they are to confirm their love for this man in the presence of all of the believers. -This refers to both punishing someone who is guilty and forgiving them afterwards. AT: "you are obedient in everything I have taught you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# you are obedient in everything + +Possible meanings are 1) "you are obedient to God in everything" or 2) "you are obedient in everything that I have taught you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/10.md b/2co/02/10.md index 991de31e4b..9e42cef0dc 100644 --- a/2co/02/10.md +++ b/2co/02/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## forgiven for your sake ## +# it is forgiven for your sake -Possible meanings are 1) "forgiven out of my love for you"(UDB) or 2) "forgiven for your benefit" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have forgiven it for your sake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For we are not ignorant of his plans. ## +# forgiven for your sake -"For we know his plans." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "forgiven out of my love for you" or 2) "forgiven for your benefit." + +# For we are not ignorant of his plans + +Paul uses a negative expression to emphasize the opposite. AT: "For we know his plans well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/12.md b/2co/02/12.md index d5d7fcf8d4..aba0b8985a 100644 --- a/2co/02/12.md +++ b/2co/02/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Though a door was opened to me ## +# Connecting Statement: -Just like an open door allows one to walk through, so Paul was given an opportunity to share the gospel message at Troas. AT: "I was given an opportunity" - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul encourages the believers in Corinth by telling them of the opportunities he has had to preach the gospel in Troas and Macedonia. -## my brother Titus ## +# A door was opened to me by the Lord ... to preach the gospel -Paul often refers to other people who share in his ministry his brother in Christ. +Paul speaks of his opportunity to preach the gospel as if it were a door through which he was allowed to walk. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Lord opened a door to me ... to preach the gospel" or "The Lord gave me the opportunity ... to preach the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## So I left them ## +# I had no peace of mind + +"My mind was troubled" or "I was worried" + +# my brother Titus + +Paul speaks of Titus as his spiritual brother. + +# So I left them "So I left the people of Troas" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/14.md b/2co/02/14.md index 125eabec4e..910610dcae 100644 --- a/2co/02/14.md +++ b/2co/02/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## leads us in triumph ## +# God, who in Christ always leads us in triumph -Paul refers to Christ like he would a military leader leading soldiers to a victory. AT: "gives us victory" - (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of God as if he were a victorious general leading a victory parade and of himself and his coworkers as those who take part in that parade. Possible meanings are 1) "God, who in Christ always causes us to share in his triumph" or 2) "God, who in Christ always leads us in triumph as those over whom he as gained victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## sweet aroma of the knowledge ## +# Through us he spreads the sweet aroma of the knowledge of him everywhere -"good smell of the knowledge" Paul uses the phrase "sweet aroma" to refer to knowledge that is pleasing. AT: "pleasing knowledge" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of the knowledge of Christ as if it were incense that has a pleasing smell. AT: "He causes the knowledge of Christ to spread to everyone who hears us, just as the sweet smell of burning incense spreads to everyone near it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## sweet aroma of Christ ## +# everywhere -"good smell of Christ" Paul uses the phrase "sweet aroma" to refer to knowledge that is pleasing. AT: "pleasing knowledge of Christ." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"everywhere we go" + +# we are to God the sweet aroma of Christ + +Paul speaks of his ministry as if it were a burnt offering that someone offers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sweet aroma of Christ + +Possible meanings are 1) "the sweet aroma which is the knowledge of Christ" or 2) "the sweet aroma that Christ offers." + +# those who are saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom God has saved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/16.md b/2co/02/16.md index 660541f2d2..dc4d8bdb86 100644 --- a/2co/02/16.md +++ b/2co/02/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## an aroma from death to death ## +# it is an aroma -The word "aroma" to refer to knowledge about Christ. For those who are spiritual dead, knowledge about Christ is like the smell of a dead decaying body. AT: "knowledge about death to those who are dead." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"the knowledge of Christ is an aroma." This refers back to [2 Corinthians 2:14](./14.md), where Paul speaks of the knowledge of Christ as if it were incense that has a pleasing smell. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## aroma from life to life ## +# an aroma from death to death -The word "aroma" to refer to knowledge about Christ. For those who are Spiritual alive, knowledge about Christ is like a sweet smelling fragrance. AT: "knowledge about life to those who are alive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) that the word "death" is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means "an aroma that causes death" or 2) "an aroma of death that causes people to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Who is worthy of these things? ## +# the ones being saved -Paul uses this question to express the knowledge of Christ is a gift from God that no one deserves. AT: "No one is worthy of these things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the ones whom God is saving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## purity of motives ## +# aroma from life to life -"honest desires" +Possible meanings are 1) that the word "life" is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means "an aroma that gives life" or 2) "an aroma of life that gives people live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## we speak in Christ ## +# Who is worthy of these things? -"we speak because of our belief in Christ" \ No newline at end of file +Paul uses this question to emphasize that no one is worthy to do the ministry that God has called them to do. AT: "No one is worthy of these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# purity of motives + +"pure motives" + +# we speak in Christ + +"we speak as people who are joined to Christ" or "we speak with the authority of Christ" + +# as we are sent from God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as people whom God has sent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the sight of God + +Paul and his coworkers preach the gospel with the awareness that God is watching them. AT: "we speak in the presence of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/02/intro.md b/2co/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bb8e590416 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 02 General Notes # + +#### Special Concepts #### + +##### Harsh writing ##### +This chapter is, in large part, written in reference to a previous letter Paul wrote to the Corinthians. This letter had a harsh, corrective tone. It probably was written in between the letter known as First Corinthians and this letter. It also references a specific situation in the church which can only be understood implicitly. It is probable that the church was forced to rebuke an erring member and now Paul is encouraging them to show grace to this person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Aroma ##### +A sweet aroma or smell is pleasing. This is an important image in Scripture. Things that are pleasing to God are often described as having a pleasing aroma. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/03/01.md b/2co/03/01.md index 6712ae6a5d..84560e1fba 100644 --- a/2co/03/01.md +++ b/2co/03/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,55 @@ -## Are we beginning to praise ourselves again? ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul says this to express they are not trying to make themselves seem better than they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul reminds them that he is not boasting as he tells them about what he has done through Christ. -## We do not need letters of recommendation to you or from you, like some people, do we? ## +# Are we beginning to praise ourselves again? -Paul says this to express that the Corinthians already know about Paul and Timothy's good reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses this question to emphasize that they are not bragging about themselves. AT: "We are not beginning to praise ourselves again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## letter of recommendation ## +# We do not need letters of recommendation to you or from you, like some people, do we? -Paul and Timothy's love for the people of the church in Corinth is compared to a letter of recommendation that shows church Paul and Timothy can be trusted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul says this to express that the Corinthians already know about Paul and Timothy's good reputation. The question prompts a negative answer. AT: "We certainly do not need letters of recommendation to you or from you, like some people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## you are a letter from Christ, delivered by us, written..by the Spirit of the living God...on tablets of human hearts ## +# letters of recommendation -Paul is saying the people of the church in Corinth are like a letter that tells about their example and how the message about Christ, which Paul and Timothy shared with them, had power through the Holy Spirit, to change the kind of people they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a letter that a person writes to introduce and give their approval of someone else. -## not on tablets of stone, but on tablets of human hearts ## +# You yourselves are our letter of recommendation -The word "stone" refers to something that does not change. The phrase "human hearts" is used because they are soft and to refer to a person's ability to change. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Paul speaks of the Corinthians as if they are a letter of recommendation. That they have become believers serves to validate Paul's ministry to others. AT: "You yourselves are like our letter of recommendation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## tablets ## +# written on our hearts -These are flat pieces of stone or clay that were used for writing. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hearts" refers to their thoughts and emotions. Possible meanings are 1) Paul and his coworkers are sure about the Corinthians being their letter of recommendation or 2) Paul and his coworkers care very deeply for the Corinthians. + +# written on our hearts + +This can be stated in active form with "Christ" as the implied subject. AT: "which Christ has written on our hearts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# known and read by all people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that all people can know and read" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you are a letter from Christ + +Paul clarifies that Christ is the one who has written the letter. AT: "you are a letter that Christ has written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# delivered by us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that we delivered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It was written not with ink ... on tablets of human hearts + +Paul clarifies that the Corinthians are like a spiritual letter, not like a letter that humans write with physical objects. + +# It was written not with ink but by the Spirit of the living God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is not a letter that people wrote with ink but a letter that the Spirit of the living God wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# It was not written on tablets of stone, but on tablets of human hearts + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is not a letter that people engraved on stone tablets but a letter that the Spirit of the living God wrote on tablets of human hearts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# tablets of human hearts + +Paul speaks of their hearts as if they are flat pieces of stone or clay upon which people engraved letters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/03/04.md b/2co/03/04.md index bd89ef78f8..868badda47 100644 --- a/2co/03/04.md +++ b/2co/03/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Paul and Timothy continue their letter to the people of the church in Corinth. +# this is the confidence -## this is the confidence ## +This refers to what Paul has just said. His confidence comes from knowing that the Corinthians are the validation of his ministry before God. -The word "this" refers to Paul and Timothy's awareness of how the knowledge of Christ has changed the lives of the people of the church in Corinth. +# competent in ourselves -## competent in ourselves ## +"qualified in ourselves" or "sufficient in ourselves" -"qualified in ourselves" +# to claim anything as coming from us -## our adequacy ## +Here the word "anything" refers to anything pertaining to Paul's apostolic ministry. AT: "to claim that anything we have done in ministry comes from our own efforts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"our qualification" +# our competence is from God -## not of the letter but of the Spirit ## +"God gives us our sufficiency" -Paul uses the word "letter" to refer to the Old Testament laws because words are made up of letters. The phrase "letter of the law" means every part of the Old Testament laws. AT: "not by obeying the law but as a gift of the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# a covenant not of the letter -## letter kills ## +Here the word "letter" means letters of the alphabet and refers to words that people write down. The phrase alludes to the Old Testament law. AT: "a covenant not based on commands that men have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -This phrase means trying to perfectly obey the Old Testament law and failing will lead to spiritual death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +# but of the Spirit + +The Holy Spirit is the one who establishes God's covenant with people. AT: "but a covenant based on what the Spirit does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the letter kills + +Paul speaks of the Old Testament law as a person who kills. Following that law leads to spiritual death. AT: "the written law leads to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/03/07.md b/2co/03/07.md index d52e9e214c..135c0bb3e7 100644 --- a/2co/03/07.md +++ b/2co/03/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## Now if...will not the service of the Spirit be even more glorious? ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul uses this question to explain why the answer is easy to understand. AT: "Since...the service of the Spirit will be even more glorious." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul contrasts the fading glory of the old covenant with the superiority and freedom of the new covenant. He contrasts the veil of Moses with the clarity of present revelation. The time of Moses was a less clear picture of what is now revealed. -## engraved in letters ## +# Now the service that produced death ... came in such glory -"carved in letters" +Paul emphasizes that although the law leads to death, it was still very glorious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## service of death...service of the Spirit ## +# the service that produced -Paul uses the phrase "service of" to refer to the way God provided for us to get either spiritual death by the law, or eternal life by the Spirit. AT: "the way provided to get death...the way provided to get the Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the ministry of death." This refers to the Old Testament law that God gave through Moses. AT: "the ministry that causes death because it is based on the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# engraved in letters on stones + +"carved into stone with letters." This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God carved into stone with letters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in such glory + +"in so much glory" + +# This is because + +"They could not look because" + +# How much more glorious will be the service that the Spirit does? + +Paul uses this question to emphasize that "the service that the Spirit does" must be more glorious than "the service that produced" because it leads to life. AT: "So the service that the Spirit does must be even more glorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the service that the Spirit does + +"the ministry of the Spirit." This refers to the new covenant, of which Paul is a minister. AT: "the ministry that gives life because it is based on the Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/03/09.md b/2co/03/09.md index 047d8bc404..22316f891f 100644 --- a/2co/03/09.md +++ b/2co/03/09.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -Paul continues comparing the Law of Moses to the ministry of Christ. +# the service of condemnation -## service of condemnation ## +"the ministry of condemnation." This refers to the Old Testament law. AT: "the ministry that condemns people because it is based on the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -This phrase refers to the Law that God gave to Moses. It could only point out man's disobedience before God, thus condemning man to die. +# how much more does the service of righteousness abound in glory! -## service of righteousness ## +Here the word "how" marks this phrase as an exclamation, not as a question. AT: "then the service of righteousness must abound in so much more glory!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -This phrase refers to message about the forgiveness offered through Jesus christ. It offers forgiveness and new life unlike the law that only condemns to death. +# the service of righteousness abound in glory -## abound in glory ## +Paul speaks of "the service of righteousness" as if it were an object that could produce or multiply another object. He means that "the service of righteousness" is far more glorious than the law, which also had glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Christ's service of righteousness is far more glorious to the Law which also had glory. +# the service of righteousness -## that which was once made...For if that ## +"the ministry of righteousness." This refers to the new covenant, of which Paul is a minister. AT: "the ministry that makes people righteous because it is based on the Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -The word "that" refers to the law of Moses. +# that which was once made glorious is no longer glorious ... because of the glory that exceeds it -## in this respect ## +The Old Testament law no longer appears glorious when compared with the New Covenant, which is much more glorious. + +# that which was once made glorious + +This can be stated in active form. AT "the law which God once made glorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in this respect "in this way" -## that exceeds it ## +# that which was passing away -"that is better than it" - -## was passing away ## - -"has completed its purpose" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to "the service of condemnation," which Paul speaks of as if it were an object capable of disappearing. AT: "that which was becoming useless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/03/12.md b/2co/03/12.md index 9abf2bbd0a..c985c06f50 100644 --- a/2co/03/12.md +++ b/2co/03/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the ending of a glory that was passing away ## +# Since we have such confidence -The light of God's glory was on Moses' face and he wore a veil so the people of Israel would not see it fade away. AT: "the ending of the light of God's glory that was fading away from Moses' face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to what Paul has just said. His confidence comes from knowing that the new covenant has an eternal glory. + +# the ending of a glory that was passing away + +The refers to the glory that shined on Moses' face. AT: "the glory on Moses' face as it faded away completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/03/14.md b/2co/03/14.md index 0d0fb6fdfe..ae8630b733 100644 --- a/2co/03/14.md +++ b/2co/03/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## their ## +# But their minds were closed -"the Israelites'" +"But their minds were hardened." Paul speaks of the minds of the Israelite people as objects that could be closed or made hard. This expression means that they were unable to understand what they saw. AT: "But the Israelites could not understand what they saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The same veil ## +# For to this day ... But even today -just as a veil hides one's face, Paul speaks of a spiritual veil that keeps the Jews from understanding God's message. - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These phrases refer to the time at which Paul was writing to the Corinthians. -## whenever Moses is read ## +# when they read the old covenant, that same veil remains -This is referring to the books written by Moses. AT: "whenever Moses' writings are read" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Just as the Israelites could not see the glory on Moses' face because he covered his face with a veil, there is a spiritual veil that prevents people from understanding when they read the old covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## turns to the Lord ## +# when they read the old covenant -The word "turn" refers to a change in attitude. AT: "change from trusting themselves to trusting the Lord" +"when they hear someone read the old covenant" -## the veil is lifted away ## +# It has not been removed, because only in Christ is it taken away -The word "veil" refers to their inability to understand God's message. Being lifted away means they are now given the ability to understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here both occurrences of the word "it" refer to "the same veil." This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one removes the veil, because only in Christ does God remove it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whenever Moses is read + +Here the word "Moses" refers to the Old Testament law. This can be stated in active form. AT: "whenever someone reads the Mosaic law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a veil covers their hearts + +Here the word "hearts" refers to the mind and thoughts. A spiritual veil covers their hearts, preventing them from being able to understand the old covenant. AT: "a veil lies over their minds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the veil is taken away + +This means they are now given the ability to understand. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God lifts the veil away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/03/17.md b/2co/03/17.md index 252de9d04a..621ee5252e 100644 --- a/2co/03/17.md +++ b/2co/03/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## unveiled faces, seeing the glory of the Lord ## +# Now all of us -Both of these phrases refer to the ability to understand God's message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here the word "us" refers to all believers, including Paul and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## unveiled faces, seeing the glory of the Lord ## +# with unveiled faces, see the glory of the Lord -Unveiling a person's face allows them to see clearly and is also used to refer to being able to understand. The word "seeing" is used to refer to the ability to understand something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Unlike the Israelites who could not see God's glory reflected on Moses' face because he had covered it with a veil, there is nothing to prevent believers from seeing and understanding God's glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the same glorious likeness ## +# We are being transformed into the same glorious likeness -something that has the same glory as the Lord or something that shows God's glory. +The Spirit is changing believers to be glorious like him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Lord is transforming us into his same glorious likeness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## from one degree of glory into another ## +# from one degree of glory into another -"from one amount of glory to another amount of glory" \ No newline at end of file +"from one amount of glory to another amount of glory." This means that the Spirit is constantly increasing the glory of believers. + +# just as from the Lord + +"just as this comes from the Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/03/intro.md b/2co/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c210e61388 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Paul continues his defense. Paul views the Corinthian Christians as the proof of his work. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Law of Moses ##### +There are many allusions to God giving the law of Moses. This chapter will be difficult to fully understand if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. This chapter contrasts the covenant God made with Moses with the New Covenant. Although the law was good, because it was revealed by God, it brought punishment to Israel because they were unable to obey it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are many metaphors used in this chapter to explain complex spiritual truths. It is unclear whether this makes Paul's teaching easier or more difficult to understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "This is a covenant not of the letter but of the Spirit." ##### +It is uncertain what this means but the New Covenant is contrasted with the law of Moses. The New Covenant is not comprised of a system of rules and regulations. It is possible that the term "spirit" is a reference to the Holy Spirit, but it may also be a reference to the New Covenant being "spiritual" in nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/04/01.md b/2co/04/01.md index 004b16caa7..6221b3eb92 100644 --- a/2co/04/01.md +++ b/2co/04/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## we ## +# Connecting Statement: -Possible meanings of the word "we" are 1) Paul and his ministry team or 2) Paul and the other apostles or 3) Paul and the corinthian believers. +Paul writes that he is honest in his ministry by preaching Christ, not praising himself. He shows the death and the life of Jesus in how he lives so that life can work in the Corinthian believers. -## we have this ministry...we have received mercy ## +# we have this ministry -Both of these phrases refer to how God ministers to us and shows us mercy by transforming us to be more like him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here the word "we" refers to Paul and his coworker, but not to the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## we have renounced ## +# and just as we have received mercy -"we have given up" +This phrase explains how Paul and his coworkers "have this ministry." It is a gift that God has given to them through his mercy. AT: "because God has shown us mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## shameful and hidden ## +# we have rejected secret and shameful ways -These two words express one thought. AT: "hidden in shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) +This means that that Paul and his coworkers refused to do "secret and shameful" things. It does not mean that they had done these things in the past. -## live by craftiness ## +# secret and shameful ways + +The word "secret" describes the things that people do secretly. Things that are shameful should cause people who do them to feel ashamed. AT: "the things that people do secretly because they cause shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# live by craftiness "live by deception" -## we do not mishandle the word of God ## +# we do not mishandle the word of God -This phrase uses two negative thoughts to express a positive thought. AT: "we use the word of God correctly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This phrase uses two negative thoughts to express a positive thought. AT: "we use the word of God correctly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## in the sight of God ## +# we recommend ourselves to everyone's conscience -God's understanding of the writer's truthfulness is referred to as God being able to see them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that they provide enough evidence for each person who hears them to decide whether they are right or wrong. + +# in the sight of God + +This refers to God's presence. God's understanding and approval of Paul's truthfulness is referred to as God being able to see them. AT: "before God" or "with God as witness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/04/03.md b/2co/04/03.md index b488d6785a..f1d158a089 100644 --- a/2co/04/03.md +++ b/2co/04/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## our gospel is veiled, it is veiled only to those ## +# But if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled only to those who are perishing -The word "veiled" refers to being not understandable. If something is veiled it cannot be seen. Not being seen is used to refer to not being understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This refers back to [2 Corinthians 3:14-16](../03/14.md), where Paul explained that there is a spiritual veil that prevents people from understanding when they read the old covenant. In the same way, people are not able to understand the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the god of this world ## +# if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled -This phrase refers to Satan. English translations refer to a false god using a small “g” and write God with a large “G” when referring to the one true God. Other languages may also choose to do that. Another way to distinguish them would be to use two different terms for “God” and “god.” +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if a veil covers our gospel, that veil covers it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## has blinded ## +# our gospel -AT: "prevented understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"the gospel that we preach" -## the light ## +# the god of this world has blinded their unbelieving minds -The word "light" refers to the truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of their minds as if they had eyes, and their inability to understand as their minds being unable to see. AT: "the god of this world has prevented unbelievers from understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the god of this world + +"the god who rules this world." This phrase refers to Satan. + +# they are not able to see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ + +As the Israelites could not see God's glory that shined on Moses' face because he covered it with a veil (See: [2 Corinthians 3:13](../03/12.md)), unbelievers are not able to see Christ's glory that shines in the gospel. This means that they are unable to understand "the gospel of the glory of Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the light of the gospel + +"the light that comes from the gospel" + +# the gospel of the glory of Christ + +"the gospel about the Christ's glory" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/04/05.md b/2co/04/05.md index e18e866921..bb813775dc 100644 --- a/2co/04/05.md +++ b/2co/04/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## but Christ Jesus as Lord, and ourselves as your servants ## +# but Christ Jesus as Lord, and ourselves as your servants -This refers to what the writer of Hebrews is proclaiming. AT: "but we proclaim Christ Jesus as Lord, and we proclaim that we will work for your benefit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +You can supply the verb for these phrases. AT: "but we proclaim Christ Jesus as Lord, and we proclaim ourselves as your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## for Jesus’ sake ## +# for Jesus' sake -AT: "In order to bring honor to Jesus" +"because of Jesus" -## Light will shine out of darkness ## +# Light will shine out of darkness -Light is used to refer to understanding. AT: "people will understand who used to not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +With this sentence, Paul refers to God creating light, as described in the book of Genesis. -## he has shone ## +# He has shone ... to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God -The word "shone" means to create light and refers to God creating understanding. The word "heart" refers to the place where a person understands what they believe to be true. AT: "he has given understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the word "light" refers to the ability to understand. Just as God created light, he also creates understanding for believers. AT: "He has shone ... to enable us to understand the glory of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in our hearts ## +# in our hearts -The word "heart" refers to the place where a person understands what they believe to be true. AT: "to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hearts" refers to the mind and thoughts. AT: "in our minds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the light of the knowledge of the glory of God + +"the light, which is the knowledge of the glory of God" + +# the glory of God in the presence of Jesus Christ + +"the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ." Just as God's glory shone upon Moses' face (See: [2 Corinthians 3:7](../03/07.md)), it also shines upon Jesus face. This means that when Paul preaches the gospel, people are able to see and understand the message about God's glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/04/07.md b/2co/04/07.md index 42e41ab77c..931bddadcc 100644 --- a/2co/04/07.md +++ b/2co/04/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## this treasure ## +# But we have -The writer is referring to "the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the word "we" refers to Paul and his coworkers, but not to the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## jars of clay ## +# we have this treasure in jars of clay -The writer is using this phrase to refer to a human body.- (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Paul speaks of the gospel as if it were a treasure and their bodies as if they were breakable jars made out of clay. This emphasizes that they are of little value compared to the worth of the gospel that they preach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## We are afflicted in every way, but not overwhelmed. We are perplexed but not filled with despair; persecuted but not forsaken; struck down but not destroyed ## +# so that it is clear -All of these phrases refer to a person struggling with a challenge but not being defeated by it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"so that it is clear to people" or "so that people clearly know" -## We always carry in our body the death of Jesus ## +# We are afflicted in every way -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People afflict us in every way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the life of Jesus also may be shown in our bodies ## +# We are persecuted but not forsaken -The phrase "in our bodies" refers to the way a believer in Jesus will live their life. AT: "the life of Jesus also may be shown in our lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People persecute us but God does not forsake us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We are struck down but not destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People strike us down but do not destroy us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We are struck down + +"We are hurt badly" + +# We always carry in our body the death of Jesus + +Paul speaks of his sufferings as if they are an experience of the death of Jesus. AT: "We are often in danger of dying, as Jesus died" or "We always suffer in such a way that we experience the death of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the life of Jesus also may be shown in our bodies + +Possible meanings are 1) "our bodies will live again, because Jesus is alive" or 2) "the spiritual life that Jesus gives also may be shown in our bodies." + +# the life of Jesus also may be shown in our bodies + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "other people may see the life of Jesus in our bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/04/11.md b/2co/04/11.md index 1488d6b18b..f42aff725c 100644 --- a/2co/04/11.md +++ b/2co/04/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## We who are alive ## +# We who are alive are always carrying around in our body the death of Jesus -Paul is referring to everyone who believes in and have preached Christ and have not yet been put to death. +Carrying the death of Jesus represents being in danger of dying because of being loyal to Jesus. AT: "For those of us who are alive, God is always leading us to face death because we are joined to Jesus" or "People are always causing us who are alive to be in danger of dying because we are joined to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## handed over to ## +# so that the life of Jesus may be shown in our body -"at risk of" +God wants Jesus' life be shown in us. Possible meanings are 1) "our bodies will live again, because Jesus is alive" or 2) "the spiritual life that Jesus gives also may be shown in our bodies." See how you translated this phrase in [2 Corinthians 4:10](./07.md). -## the life of Jesus may be shown ## +# so that the life of Jesus may be shown in our body -This phrase refers to the continued life of Jesus and what that means to the writer of Hebrews and all believers who risk death because of their faith in Jesus as Lord. AT: "our belief that Jesus raised himself from the dead and promised to also give us eternal life may be proved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Corinthians 4:10](./07.md). AT: "so other people may see the life of Jesus in our body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## our human bodies. ## +# death is at work in us, but life is at work in you -As in [2 Corinthians 4:7](./07.md) this phrase refers to how a person lives their life or the choices they make. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## death is at work in us ## - -Paul refers to death as if it can work. This is to say that people being threatened with death can have a positive effect in others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) - -## life is at work in you ## - -Paul refers to life as if it can work. This is to say that the knowledge of eternal life is having a positive effect in the lives of the Jewish believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of death and life as if they are persons who can work. This means that they are always in danger of physical death so that the Corinthians can have spiritual life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/04/13.md b/2co/04/13.md index 87837b86e2..d3b4d5a46c 100644 --- a/2co/04/13.md +++ b/2co/04/13.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Paul and Timothy continue to write to the people of the church in Corinth. +# the same spirit of faith -## we have the same ## +"the same attitude of faith." Here the word "spirit" refers a person's attitude and temperament. -The word "we" refers to Paul, Timothy and the church in Corinth. +# according to that which was written -## the same spirit of faith ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as the one who wrote these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"the same attitude of faith." The word "spirit" refers to how a person thinks and makes decisions. Paul and Timothy are saying their attitude of trusting God is the same as the Corinthians. +# I believed, and so I spoke -## I believed, and so I spoke ## +This is a quote from the Psalms. -This is a quote from king David. +# the one who raised the Lord Jesus -## will bring us with you ## +Here the words "the one" refer to God. AT: "God who raised the Lord Jesus from death to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will bring us with you The word "us" excludes the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## thanksgiving ## +# Everything is for your sake -Understanding the good God has done and thanking him for it. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "Everything" refers to all of the sufferings that Paul has described in previous verses. + +# as grace is spread to many people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as God spreads his grace to many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# thanksgiving may increase + +Paul speaks of thanksgiving as if it were an object that could become larger by itself. AT: "more and more people may give thanks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/04/16.md b/2co/04/16.md index 4d10320f5c..68d3729716 100644 --- a/2co/04/16.md +++ b/2co/04/16.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -Paul and Timothy continue to write about their difficult situations. +# Connecting Statement: -## So we do not become discouraged ## +Paul writes that the Corinthian difficulties are minor and do not last long when compared to the unseen eternal things. -AT: "So we are encouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +# So we do not become discouraged -## outwardly we are wasting away ## +This can be stated as a positive. AT: "So we remain confident" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -This phrase refers to Paul and Timothy's appearance from the outside of their bodies. "wasting away" refers to someone whose body has lost it's healthy appearance. +# outwardly we are wasting away -## inwardly we are being renewed day by day ## +This refers to their physical bodies decaying and dying. AT: "our physical bodies are getting weak and dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -The word "inwardly" refers to the inner man where they think. The word "renewed" refers to their thoughts being made positive again. +# inwardly we are being renewed day by day -## for an eternal weight of glory that exceeds all measurement ## +This refers to their inward, spiritual lives getting stronger. AT: "our spiritual beings are being strengthened day by day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -The glory of Paul and Timothy is referred to as a weight so heavy that cannot be measured. This is another way to say they will be greatly honored for what they have done. AT: "to be greatly honored in heaven forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# inwardly we are being renewed day by day -## watching for ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God is renewing our inward being more each day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This phrase refers a person wanting and expecting something to happen. AT: "wanting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# this momentary, light affliction is preparing us for an eternal weight of glory -## for things that are seen ## +Paul speaks of his sufferings and the glory that God will give him as if they were objects that can be weighed. The glory far outweighs the suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This refers to possessions obtained during life. AT: "possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# that exceeds all measurement -## for things which are unseen ## +The glory that Paul will experience is so heavy that no one can measure it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that no one can measure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This refers to rewards in heaven. AT: "great rewards in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) It is understood from the previous phrase that this is what Paul and Timothy are watching for. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +# things that are seen ... things that are unseen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "things that we can see ... things that we cannot see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but for things that are unseen + +You can supply the verb for this phrase. AT "but we are watching for things that are unseen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/04/intro.md b/2co/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..26d54b6f6a --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +This chapter begins with the word "therefore," which is connected to the teaching in the previous chapter. The awkward placement of the chapter division can cause confusion. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ministry ##### + +Paul has the ministry, or job, of telling people about Christ. He does not use trickery to get them to believe. If they do not understand, the problem is ultimately spiritual. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Light and darkness ##### +These are common images in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Life and death ##### +Life and death are not used in reference to physical life and death. Life represents the new life a Christian has in Jesus, while death represents the old way one lived prior to coming to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Hope ##### +Paul uses a repeated pattern in a purposeful way. He makes a statement and then denies a seemingly opposite or contradictory statement or gives an exception. They function to give the reader hope in the midst of difficult circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/01.md b/2co/05/01.md index 65d9ee7cd6..3e78d2317f 100644 --- a/2co/05/01.md +++ b/2co/05/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## the earthly dwelling ## +# Connecting Statement: -Our physical body. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Paul continues by contrasting believers' earthly bodies to the heavenly ones God will give. -## that we live in is destroyed ## +# if the earthly dwelling that we live in is destroyed, we have a building from God -When our physical body is destroyed. +Paul speaks of his physical body as if it were a temporary "earthly dwelling" and of the resurrection body that God will give as if it were a permanent "building" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## we have a building from God, a house not made by human hands, but an eternal house, in heaven. ## +# if the earthly dwelling that we live in is destroyed -God will provide a new eternal body for us to live in. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if people destroy the earthly dwelling that we live in" or "if people kill our bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For in this tent we groan ## +# It is a house not made by human hands -AT: "For in this earthly body we struggle" +This refers to the "building from God." This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is a house that humans have not made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## because by putting it on we will not be found naked. ## +# in this tent we groan -Possible meanings are 1) We will be clothed in God's righteousness or 2) God will provide new bodies and clothing for us. \ No newline at end of file +The word "tent" refers to "the earthly dwelling that we live in." The word groan is a sound that a person makes when they eagerly desire to have something that is good. + +# longing to be clothed with our heavenly dwelling + +The words "our heavenly dwelling" refer to the "building from God." Paul speaks of the resurrection body as if it were both a building and a piece of clothing that a person can put on. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by putting it on + +"by putting on our heavenly dwelling" + +# we will not be found to be naked + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we will not be naked" or "God will not find us naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/04.md b/2co/05/04.md index 712339d96c..377d7d76a1 100644 --- a/2co/05/04.md +++ b/2co/05/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## we are in this tent ## +# while we are in this tent -"While we are in our earthly body" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Paul speaks of the physical body as if it were a "tent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## we groan, being burdened ## +# in this tent, we groan -AT: "we struggle with sin" +The word "tent" refers to "the earthly dwelling that we live in." The word groan is a sound that a person makes when they eagerly desire to have something that is good. See how you translated this in [2 Corinthians 5:2](./01.md). -## to be unclothed ## +# being burdened -AT: "to die" +Paul refers to the difficulties that the physical body experiences as if they were heavy objects that are difficult to carry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to be clothed ## +# We do not want to be unclothed ... we want to be clothed -AT: "to live in our eternal bodies" +Paul speaks of the body as if it were clothing. Here "to be unclothed" refers to the death of the physical body; "to be clothed" refers to having the resurrection body that God will give. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## mortal may be absorbed by life ## +# to be unclothed -AT: "our earthly body will be changed into our new heavenly body" \ No newline at end of file +"to be without clothes" or "to be naked" + +# so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life + +Paul speaks of life as if it were an animal that eats "what is mortal." The physical body that will die will be replaced by a resurrection body that will live forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that life may swallow up what is mortal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who gave us the Spirit as a pledge of what is to come + +The Spirit is spoken of as if he was a partial downpayment toward eternal life. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Corinthians 1:22](../01/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/06.md b/2co/05/06.md index a052ab0751..fe57396a22 100644 --- a/2co/05/06.md +++ b/2co/05/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## while we are at home in the body ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "while we are living in this earthly body" +Because believers will have a new body and have the Holy Spirit as a pledge, Paul reminds them to live by faith that they may please the Lord. He continues by reminding them to persuade others because 1) believers will appear at the judgment seat of Christ and 2) because of love for Christ who died for believers. -## we are away from the Lord ## +# while we are at home in the body -AT: "we are not at home with the Lord" or "we are not in heaven with the Lord" +Paul speaks of the physical body as if it were a place where a person dwells. AT: "while we are living in this earthly body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## at home with the Lord. ## +# we are away from the Lord -AT: "live with the Lord in heaven." \ No newline at end of file +"we are not at home with the Lord" or "we are not in heaven with the Lord" + +# we walk by faith, not by sight + +"we live according to faith, not according to what we see" + +# We would rather be away from the body + +Here the word "body" refers to the physical body. + +# at home with the Lord + +"at home with the Lord in heaven" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/09.md b/2co/05/09.md index caaaf10624..a76b89aaa8 100644 --- a/2co/05/09.md +++ b/2co/05/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## at home or away ## +# whether we are at home or away -AT: "in our earthly bodies on earth or in heaven" +The word "the Lord" may be supplied from the previous verses. AT: "whether we are at home with the Lord or away from the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## before the judgment seat of Christ, ## +# to please him -"before Christ to be judged," +"to please the Lord" -## may receive what is due ## +# before the judgment seat of Christ -AT: "may receive the reward or consequence" +"before Christ to be judged" -## things done in the body ## +# each one may receive what is due -AT: "what he has done while in this earthly body" +"each person may receive what he deserves" -## whether for good or bad ## +# the things done in the body -"whether they were good or evil" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things he has done in the physical body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whether for good or for bad + +"whether those things were good or bad" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/11.md b/2co/05/11.md index c2d575e351..69ebce4728 100644 --- a/2co/05/11.md +++ b/2co/05/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## knowing the fear of the Lord ## +# knowing the fear of the Lord -AT: "knowing that God hates sin and will judge us for it" +"knowing what it means to fear the Lord" -## that it is also clear to your consciences ## +# we persuade people -AT: "that you know it also" +Possible meanings are 1) "we persuade people of the truth of the gospel" or 2) "we persuade people that we are legitimate apostles." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## We are not... ## +# What we are is clearly seen by God -Paul is referring to his ministry team, excluding the Corinth believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God clearly sees what kind of people we are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that it is also clear to your conscience + +"that you are also convinced of it" + +# so you may have an answer + +"so you may have something to say to" + +# those who boast about appearances but not about what is in the heart + +Here the word "appearances" refers to outward expressions of things like ability and status. The word "heart" refers to the inward character of a person. AT: "those who boast about outward appearances ... not what a person is like on the inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/13.md b/2co/05/13.md index 512cd9636a..801e61ff9d 100644 --- a/2co/05/13.md +++ b/2co/05/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## love of Christ compels us ## +# if we are out of our minds ... if we are in our right minds -"love Christ has for us motivates us" +Paul is speaking about the way others think of him and his coworkers. AT: "if people think we are crazy ... if people think we are sane" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and that therefore all have died ## +# the love of Christ -We are all counted as having died. +Possible meanings are 1) "Our love for Christ" or 2) "Christ's love for us." -## Christ died for all ## +# died for all -Christ died for everyone. +"died for all people" -## for themselves ## +# him who for their sake died and was raised -For their own sinful pleasures. - -## but for him who died and was raised ## - -"but live our life to him who died and was resurrected" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "him" refers to Christ. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Christ, who died and whom God raised for their sake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/16.md b/2co/05/16.md index 075558069e..09f4645c72 100644 --- a/2co/05/16.md +++ b/2co/05/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## anyone is in Christ ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "anyone who believes in Christ" +Because of Christ's love and death, we are not to judge by human standards. We are appointed to teach others how to be united with and have peace with God through Christ's death and receive God's righteousness through Christ. -## he is a new creation ## +# For this reason -AT: "he has a new nature" +This refers to what Paul has just said about living for Christ instead of living for self. -## The old things have passed away ## +# he is a new creation -AT: "The old way of living and thinking disappears" +Paul speaks of the person who believes in Christ as if God had created a new person. AT: "he is a new person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## it has become new ## +# The old things have passed away -AT: "we conduct our lives and we think differently than before we knew Christ." \ No newline at end of file +Here "the old things" refers to the things that characterized a person before they trusted in Christ. + +# See + +The word "See" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/18.md b/2co/05/18.md index a05c98d4fc..db49ec61ab 100644 --- a/2co/05/18.md +++ b/2co/05/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## who reconciled us ## +# All these things -"who brought us back". +"God has done all these things." This refers to what Paul has just said in the previous verse about new things replacing old things. -## ministry of reconciliation ## +# the ministry of reconciliation -the ministry of leading people back to a relationship with Christ. +This can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "the ministry of reconciling people to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## in Christ God is reconciling the world to himself ## +# That is -through Christ's death on the cross, God is leading people back to himself. +"This means" -## entrusting to us the message of reconciliation ## +# in Christ God is reconciling the world to himself -God has given Paul the responsibiity to spread the message of God seeking to restore the people's relationship with God. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "world" refers to people in the world. AT: "in Christ, God is reconciling mankind to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He is entrusting to us the message of reconciliation + +God has given Paul the responsibility to spread the message that God is reconciling people to himself. + +# the message of reconciliation + +"the message about reconciliation" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/20.md b/2co/05/20.md index 35c41f494f..c18015836d 100644 --- a/2co/05/20.md +++ b/2co/05/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## Be reconciled to God ## +# we are appointed as representatives of Christ -AT: "Come back to God" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has appointed us as Christ's representatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## He made Christ become the sacrifice ## +# representatives of Christ -"God made Christ's death on the cross the acceptable sacrifice" +"those who speak for Christ" -## so that in Christ we might become the righteousness of God ## +# Be reconciled to God -AT: "so that we may have Christ's righteousness in us." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let God reconcile you to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He made Christ become the sacrifice for our sin + +"God made Christ become the sacrifice for our sin" + +# our sin ... we might become + +Here the words "our" and "we" are inclusive and refer to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# He is the one who never sinned + +"Christ is the one who never sinned" + +# He did this ... the righteousness of God in him + +"God did this ... the righteousness of God in Christ" + +# so that we might become the righteousness of God in him + +The phrase "the righteousness of God" refers to the righteousness that God requires and which comes from God. AT: "so that we might have God's righteousness in us through Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/05/intro.md b/2co/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4217315416 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### New bodies in heaven ##### +Paul knows, when he dies, he will receive a much better body. Because of this, he is not afraid of being killed for preaching the Good News. So he tells others that they too can be reconciled to God. Christ will take away their sin and give them his righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +##### New creation ##### + +The new creation and the old is probably a reference to Paul's illustrations of the old and new self. These concepts are also equivalent to the old and new man. The term "old" is probably not a reference to the sinful nature that a person is born with, but is a reference to the old way of living or the Christian's former bondage to sin. The "new creation" is the new nature or new life that is given to a person after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Home ##### +The Christian's home is no longer in the world. A Christian's home is in heaven. This is a common metaphor used in Scripture. The use of this imagery in this chapter emphasizes the temporariness of the Christian's circumstances. It gives hope to those who are suffering. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The message of reconciliation" ##### +This is a reference to the gospel. It is a call for those who are hostile to God, to repent and be reconciled to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/06/01.md b/2co/06/01.md index 13f9e4e480..eb02b7f124 100644 --- a/2co/06/01.md +++ b/2co/06/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## working together ## +# Connecting Statement: -"working together with God". Paul is inferring that he and Timothy are working with God. +Paul summarizes how working together for God is supposed to be. -## we beg you not to receive the grace of God to no effect ## +# General Information: -Paul is encouraging the Corinthians to allow the grace of God to manifest itself in their lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +In verse 2, Paul quotes a portion from the prophet Isaiah. -## "In a favorable time I paid attention to you ## +# Working together -AT: "At the right time I heard you" +Paul is implying that he and Timothy are working with God. AT: "Working together with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Look, now is the favorable time; look, now is the day of salvation. ## +# we also urge you not to receive the grace of God in vain -AT: "Indeed, now is the right time, now is the day of salvation". +Paul pleads with them to allow the grace of God to be effective in their lives. This can be stated in positive terms. AT: "we beg you to make use of the grace that you have received from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## We do not place a stumbling block in front of anyone, for we do not wish our ministry to be brought into disrepute. ## +# For he says -AT: "We live in such a way that no one should falter because of us, or find fault with our ministry." \ No newline at end of file +"For God says." This introduces a quotation from the prophet Isaiah. AT: "For God says in scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Look + +The word "Look" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# We do not place a stumbling block in front of anyone + +Paul speaks of anything that would prevent a person from trusting in Christ as if it were a physical object over which that person trips and falls. AT: "We do not want to do anything that will prevent people from believing our message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we do not wish our ministry to be discredited + +The word "discredited" refers to people speaking badly about Paul's ministry, and working against the message he proclaims. This can be stated in active form. AT: "we do not want anyone to be able to speak badly about our ministry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/06/04.md b/2co/06/04.md index af0e34008d..b254eafe30 100644 --- a/2co/06/04.md +++ b/2co/06/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## we ## +# General Information: -Paul is referring to himself and Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +When Paul uses "we" here, he is referring to himself and Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## we prove ourselves by all our actions, that we are God's servants ## +# we prove ourselves by all our actions, that we are God's servants -AT: "We prove that we are God's servants by the way we live and speak" +"We prove that we are God's servants by all that we do" -## in the word of truth ## +# We are his servants in much endurance ... in sleepless nights, in hunger -"faithfully preaching the truth" +Paul mentions various difficult situations in which they proved that they are God's servants. -## with the armor of righteousness for the right hand and for the left ## +# in purity ... in genuine love -Paul is referring to being fully equipped by God with spiritual power for all situations. - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul lists several moral virtues that they maintained in difficult situations that proved that they are God's servants. + +# We are his servants in the word of truth, in the power of God + +Their dedication to preach the gospel in the power of God proves that they are God's servants. + +# in the word of truth + +"in preaching God's true word" + +# We have the armor of righteousness for the right hand and for the left + +Paul speaks of their righteousness as if it is weapons that they use to fight spiritual battles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the armor of righteousness + +"righteousness as our armor" or "righteousness as our weapons" + +# for the right hand and for the left + +Possible meanings are 1) that there is a weapon in one hand and a shield in the other or 2) that they are completely equipped for battle, able to fend off attacks from any direction. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/06/08.md b/2co/06/08.md index 3f95b226d5..bc00c7ce24 100644 --- a/2co/06/08.md +++ b/2co/06/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## We work ## +# General Information: -"we" refers to Paul and Timothy. +Paul lists several extremes of how people think about him and his ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## in honor and dishonor ## +# We are accused of being deceitful -These are the extremes of how people view Pauls ministry work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People accuse us of being deceitful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in slander and praise ## +# as if we were unknown and we are still well known -These are the extremes of how people speak of Pauls ministry work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as if people did not know us and yet people still know us well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## as dying and—see!—yet living ## +# see! -AT: "as dying and yet living, as you see" +The word "See" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## but are always rejoicing; ## +# We work as being punished for our actions but not as condemned to death -AT: "but always rejoice because of the good news about Jesus Christ" - -## as having nothing and yet as possessing all things ## - -AT:"as having nothing and yet we possess all the riches of God." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We work as if people are punishing us for our actions but not as if they have condemned us to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/06/11.md b/2co/06/11.md index 9ff82ce580..51da9a6667 100644 --- a/2co/06/11.md +++ b/2co/06/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## spoken the whole truth to you ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul encourages the believers at Corinth to be separated from idols and live clean lives for God. + +# spoken the whole truth to you "spoken honestly to you" -## our heart is wide open ## +# our heart is wide open -AT: "we love you freely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Paul speaks of his great affection for the Corinthians as having a heart that is open. AT: "we love you very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Your hearts are not restrained by us ## +# Your hearts are not restrained by us, but you are restrained by your own feelings -AT: "There has been no lack of love by us" +Paul speaks of the Corinthians lack of love for him as if their hearts were being squeezed into a tight space. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you are restrained by your own feelings ## +# Your hearts are not restrained by us -AT: "you have withheld your love from us for some reason" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We have not restrained your hearts" or "We have not given you any reason to stop loving us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Now in fair exchange—I speak as to children—open your hearts wide ## +# you are restrained by your own feelings -AT: "Speaking with the simple words of a child, it would only be fair if you show love for us also." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your own feelings are restraining you" or "you have stopped loving us for your own reasons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in fair exchange + +"as a proper response" + +# I speak as to children + +Paul addresses the Corinthians as his spiritual children. AT: "I speak as if I were your father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# open your hearts wide + +Paul urges the Corinthians to love him as he has loved them. AT: "love us much as we have loved you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/06/14.md b/2co/06/14.md index abf1798701..c6c937b08a 100644 --- a/2co/06/14.md +++ b/2co/06/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## tied together with ## +# General Information: -"teamed up with" or "have a close relationship with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +In verse 16, Paul paraphrases portions from several Old Testament prophets: Moses, Zechariah, Amos, and possibly others. -## what share does a believer have with an unbeliever? ## +# Do not be tied together with unbelievers -Believers do not have the same values as unbelievers. AT: "what values does a believer share with an unbeliever?" +This can be stated in positive terms. AT: "Only be tied together with believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## what fellowship does light have with darkness? ## +# be tied together with -Light can not coexist with darkness. When light is present, darkness flees. +Paul speaks of working together toward a common purpose as if it were two animals tied together to pull a plow or cart. AT: "team up with" or "have a close relationship with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## with the demon Beliar ## +# For what association does righteousness have with lawlessness? -"Beliar" is another name for the devil. +This is a rhetorical question that anticipates a negative answer. AT: "For righteousness can have no association with lawlessness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Or what share does a believer have together with an unbeliever ## +# For what fellowship does light have with darkness? -Believers and unbelievers have totally different values that they live by and those values oppose each other. +Paul asks this question to emphasize that light and darkness cannot coexist since light dispels darkness. The words "light" and "darkness" refer to the moral and spiritual qualities of believers and unbelievers. AT: "Light can have no fellowship with darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## we are the temple of the living God ## +# What agreement can Christ have with Beliar? -Paul refers to the all the christians as forming a temple for God to dwell in. AT: "we have the Holy Spirit of God living within us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a rhetorical question that anticipates a negative answer. AT: "There is no agreement between Christ and Beliar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Beliar + +This is another name for the devil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Or what share does a believer have together with an unbeliever? + +This is a rhetorical question that anticipates a negative answer. AT: "A believer shares nothing in common with an unbeliever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# And what agreement is there between the temple of God and idols? + +This is a rhetorical question that anticipates a negative answer. AT: "There is no agreement between the temple of God and idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# we are the temple of the living God + +Paul refers to all Christians as forming a temple for God to dwell in. AT: "we are like a temple where the living God dwells" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/06/17.md b/2co/06/17.md index 9df5762050..819cbad023 100644 --- a/2co/06/17.md +++ b/2co/06/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## touch no unclean thing ## +# General Information: -The Law of Moses states what can make one unclean by touching it. +Paul quotes portions from the Old Testament prophets, Isaiah and Ezekiel. -## I will be a Father to you ## +# be set apart -AT: "I will care for you as a loving father cares for his children" See (Metaphor) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "set yourselves apart" or "allow me to set you apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and you will be my sons and daughters ## +# Touch no unclean thing -"and you will be my children" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive terms. AT: "Touch only things that are clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/06/intro.md b/2co/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1f80e18728 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 6:2, 16, 17-18 which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Servants ##### +Christians are said to be servants of God. This is because they are called to serve God in their life no matter the circumstances. This holds true even if one has very challenging circumstances. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Contrasts ##### + +Paul uses four pairs of contrasts: righteousness versus lawlessness, light versus darkness, Christ versus Satan, and the temple of God versus idols. These contrasts are intended to differentiate between Christians and non-Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]]) + +##### Light and darkness ##### +These are common images in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Paul uses a series of rhetorical questions to teach his readers. All of these questions make essentially the same point: Christians should not intimately fellowship with those who live in sin. These questions are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### We ##### + +It is likely that Paul's usage of the pronoun "we" represents at least Timothy and himself. It is possible that it may also include other people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 6:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/07/01.md b/2co/07/01.md index d7394f9f02..a35688ea0f 100644 --- a/2co/07/01.md +++ b/2co/07/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Loved ones ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul is referring to the Corinthians. +Paul continues to remind them to be separated from sin and to seek holiness purposefully. -## let us cleanse ourselves... ## +# Loved ones -Here Paul is referring to staying away from any form of sin that would effect our relationship with God. +"You whom I love" or "Dear friends" -## as we pursue holiness ## +# let us cleanse ourselves -to seek to live a holy life. +Here Paul is saying to stay away from any form of sin that would affect one's relationship with God. -## in the fear of God ## +# Let us pursue holiness -Being humble before the Lord. \ No newline at end of file +"Let us strive to be holy" + +# in the fear of God + +"out of deep respect for God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/07/02.md b/2co/07/02.md index fa509a3475..d591e5f4a4 100644 --- a/2co/07/02.md +++ b/2co/07/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## Make room for us ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Please make room in your lives for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Having already warned the people of Corinth about other leaders who were striving to get these Corinthian believers to follow them, Paul reminds the people of the way he feels about them. -## I do not say this ## +# Make room for us -AT: "I do not reprimand you" +This refers back to what Paul said in [2 Corinthians 6:11-13](../06/11.md) about them opening their hearts to him. AT: "Make room for us in your hearts" or "Love us and accept us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## that you are in our hearts, to die together and to live together. ## +# It is not to condemn you that I say this -AT: "that we love you enough to live or die with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"I do not say this to accuse you of having done wrong." The word "this" refers to what Paul just said about not having wronged anyone. -## even in all our afflictions ## +# you are in our hearts -AT: "despite all our hardships" \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of his and his associates' great love for the Corinthians as if they held them in their hearts. AT: "you are very dear to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for us to die together and to live together + +This means that Paul and his associates will continue to love the Corinthians no matter what happens. AT: "whether we live or whether we die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for us to die + +"us" includes the Corinthian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# I am filled with comfort + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You fill me with comfort" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I overflow with joy + +Paul speaks of joy as if it is a liquid that fills him until he overflows. AT: "I am extremely joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# even in all our afflictions + +"despite all our hardships" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/07/05.md b/2co/07/05.md index 858f8930ca..bf70559d9d 100644 --- a/2co/07/05.md +++ b/2co/07/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## our bodies had no rest ## +# When we came to Macedonia -AT: "we were very tired" or "we were exhausted" +Here the word "we" refers to Paul and Timothy but not to the Corinthians or Titus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## the comfort he had received from you, ## +# our bodies had no rest -AT: "the news of the encouragement that he had received from you Corinthians." +Here "bodies" refers to the whole person. AT: "we had no rest" or "we were very tired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## when he told us of your great affection, your sorrow, and your deep concern for me; ## +# we were troubled in every way -AT: "He told us about your love for me, your sorrow about what had happened, and your deep concern for my welfare." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we experienced trouble in every way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## so I rejoiced even more. ## +# by conflicts on the outside and fears on the inside -AT: "I was filled with joy." \\ \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings for "outside" are 1) "outside of our bodies" or 2) "outside of the church." The word "inside" refers to their inward emotions. AT: "by conflicts with other people and by fears within ourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# by the comfort that Titus had received from you + +Paul received comfort from knowing that the Corinthians had comforted Titus. AT: "by learning about the comfort that Titus had received from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/07/08.md b/2co/07/08.md index e43ca4dac5..78177a0a92 100644 --- a/2co/07/08.md +++ b/2co/07/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## when I saw my letter ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "when I learned that my letter" +Paul praises them for their godly sorrow, their zeal to do right, and the joy that it brought him and Titus. -## but sad just for a little while ## +# General Information: -AT: "but you were sad for only a little while" +This refers to Paul's previous letter to these Corinthian believers where he rebuked them for their acceptance of a believer's sexual immorality with his father's wife. -## experienced a godly sorrow ## +# when I saw that my letter -a godly sorrow is a sorrow that leads to repentance. +"when I learned that my letter" -## godly sorrow brings about repentance ## +# not because you were distressed -A godly sorrow that leads us away from sin. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "not because what I said in my letter distressed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## accomplishes salvation ## +# you suffered no loss because of us -AT: "leads us to salvation" +"you suffered no loss because we rebuked you." This means that although the letter caused them sorrow, they eventually benefited from the letter because it led them to repentance. AT: "so that we did not harm you in any way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## worldly sorrow, however, brings about death. ## +# For godly sorrow brings about repentance that accomplishes salvation -AT: "however, worldly sorrow has no repentance and leads to spiritual death." \ No newline at end of file +The word "repentance" may be repeated to clarify its relationship to what precedes it and what follows it. AT: "For godly sorrow produces repentance, and repentance leads to salvation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# without regret + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul has no regret that he caused them sorrow because that sorrow led to their repentance and salvation or 2) the Corinthians will not regret experiencing sorrow because it led to their repentance and salvation. + +# Worldly sorrow, however, brings about death + +This kind of sorrow leads to death instead of salvation because it does not produce repentance. AT: "Worldly sorrow, however, leads to spiritual death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/07/11.md b/2co/07/11.md index 2e6c0b62a1..096c73f1da 100644 --- a/2co/07/11.md +++ b/2co/07/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## See what great determination ## +# See -"Understand what great determination" +This word adds emphasis to what is said next. -## produced in you—what great determination in you to prove you were innocent ## +# How great was the determination in you to prove you were innocent -AT: "produced in you in order to prove you were innocent." +Here the word "How" makes this statement an exclamation. AT: "Your determination to prove you were innocent was very great!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## what indignation ## +# your indignation -"what anger" +"your anger" -## what fear ## +# that justice should be done -AT: "what anxiety" or "what dismay" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that someone should carry out justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## what longing ## +# the wrongdoer -"what longing to see me" +"the one who did wrong" -## what zeal ## +# your good will toward us should be made known to you in the sight of God -"what intensity of purpose" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that you would know that your good will toward us is sincere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## but so that your earnestness for us should be made known to you in the sight of God. ## +# in the sight of God -AT: "but so that you know, and God knows, how loyal you are to us." \ No newline at end of file +This refers to God's presence. God's understanding and approval of Paul's truthfulness is referred to as God being able to see them. See how you translated this in [2 Corinthians 4:2](../04/01.md). AT: "before God" or "with God as witness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/07/13.md b/2co/07/13.md index e0d1c92a3c..27e6e20281 100644 --- a/2co/07/13.md +++ b/2co/07/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## By this we are encouraged ## +# It is by this that we are encouraged -AT: "We are encouraged because of this positive attitude that you have for God and for us." +Here the word "this" refers to the way the Corinthians responded to Paul's previous letter, as he described in the previous verse. This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is what encourages us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For if I have boasted to him about you, ## +# his spirit was refreshed by all of you -"I boasted to him about you," +Here the word "spirit" refers to a person's temperament and disposition. This can be stated in active form. AT: "all of you refreshed his spirit" or "all of you made him stop worrying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I was not put to shame. ## +# For if I boasted to him about you -AT: "and you didn't disappoint me." +"For although I boasted to him about you" -## proved to be true. ## +# I was not embarrassed -"showed to be true." \ No newline at end of file +"you did not disappoint me" + +# our boasting about you to Titus proved to be true + +"you proved that our boasting about you to Titus was true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/07/15.md b/2co/07/15.md index eb9ed616c4..6dfb733034 100644 --- a/2co/07/15.md +++ b/2co/07/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## And his affection for you is even greater, ## +# the obedience of all of you -AT: "Now Titus cares for you more deeply than ever before." +This noun "obedience" can be stated with a verb, "obey." AT: "how all of you obeyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## as he remembers the obedience of you all, ## +# you welcomed him with fear and trembling -AT: "He remembers how obedient all of you were" +Here "fear" and "trembling" share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of fear. AT: "you welcomed him with great reverence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## as you welcomed him with fear and trembling. ## +# with fear and trembling -AT: "as you welcomed him and obeyed with such timidity and trembling" or "as you welcomed him with great respect" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "with great reverence for God" or 2) "with great reverence for Titus." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/07/intro.md b/2co/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7916eb1267 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter has a very abrupt change. In 7:2-4, Paul finishes his defense. He then talks about Titus' return and the comfort it brought. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Clean and unclean ##### + +Christians are "clean" in the sense that they are in a right relationship with God, and they do not need to be concerned with being clean according to the law of Moses. Ungodly living can still make a Christian unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +##### Sadness and sorrow ##### +Different terms for emotions can have great differences in meaning. The terms "sad" and "sorrow" in this chapter indicates that the Corinthians were upset to the point of repentance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### We ##### + +It is likely that Paul's usage of the pronoun "we" represents at least Timothy and himself. It is possible that it may also include other people. + +##### Original situation ##### + +This chapter discusses in detail a previous situation. Although some aspects of this situation can be assumed given the information in this chapter, it is best to leave this type of implicit information untranslated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/01.md b/2co/08/01.md index 547546b8fb..844de95e24 100644 --- a/2co/08/01.md +++ b/2co/08/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## the grace of God ## +# Connecting Statement: -the undeserved favor of God. +Having explained his changed plans and his ministry direction, Paul talks about giving. -## extremity of their poverty...riches of their generosity ## +# the grace of God that has been given to the churches of Macedonia -Though the churches of Macedonia have suffered testings of affliction and poverty, by God's grace, they have been able to collect money for the believers in Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the grace that God has given to the churches of Macedonia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the abundance of their joy and the extremity of their poverty have produced great riches of generosity + +Paul speaks of "joy" and "poverty" as if they were living things that can produce generosity. AT: "because of the people's great joy and extreme poverty, they have become very generous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the abundance of their joy + +Paul speaks of joy as if it were a physical object that could increase in size or quantity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# extremity of their poverty ... riches of generosity + +Though the churches of Macedonia have suffered testings of affliction and poverty, by God's grace, they have been able to collect money for the believers in Jerusalem. + +# great riches of generosity + +"a very great generosity." The words "great riches" emphasize the greatness of their generosity. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/03.md b/2co/08/03.md index 4e048d0772..5b4cc6eb6b 100644 --- a/2co/08/03.md +++ b/2co/08/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## For they gave ## +# they gave -refers to the churches in Macedonia. +This refers to the churches in Macedonia. -## of their own free will ## +# of their own free will "voluntarily" -## to the saints ## +# this ministry to the believers -Here Paul is referring to the believers in Jerusalem. - -## and then...to us. ## - -"and then, they gave themselves to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul is referring to providing money to the believers in Jerusalem. AT: "this ministry of providing for the believers in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/06.md b/2co/08/06.md index 27e5e48dc7..f095b6517a 100644 --- a/2co/08/06.md +++ b/2co/08/06.md @@ -1,35 +1,15 @@ -## had already begun the task with you ## +# who had already begun this task -Paul is referring to the collection of money from the Corinthians for the believers in Jerusalem. AT: "had encouraged your giving in the first place". +Paul is referring to the collection of money from the Corinthians for the believers in Jerusalem. AT: "who had encouraged your giving in the first place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to bring to completion this act of grace on your part ## +# to bring to completion this act of generosity on your part -AT: "to return to you and encourage you to complete this ministry of giving." +Titus was to help the Corinthians to complete the collection of money. AT: "to encourage you to complete your generous gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## But as you excel in everything ## +# But you abound in everything -AT: "Because you do better than expected in so many ways" +Paul speaks of the Corinthian believers as if they were producing physical goods. AT: "You do well in so many ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in faith ## +# make sure that you abound in this generous deed -AT: "in your loyalty to God and us," - -## in speech ## - -AT: "in the way you communicate" - -## in knowledge ## - -AT: "in comprehension" or "in understanding" - -## in all diligence, ## - -AT: "in enthusiasm" or "tireless perseverance" - -## and in your love for us ## - -AT: "and in the way you demonstrate your love for us" - -## make sure you also excel in this gracious work. ## - -AT: "make sure you do well in sacrificially giving for the suffering saints in Jerusalem." \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of the Corinthian believers as if they should produce physical goods. AT: "make sure you do well in giving for the believers in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/08.md b/2co/08/08.md index 229d6cb5b8..5dbd81a1a6 100644 --- a/2co/08/08.md +++ b/2co/08/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## the grace of our Lord ## +# by comparing it to the eagerness of other people -AT: "the love and undeserved favor of the Lord" +Paul is encouraging the Corinthians to give generously by comparing them with the generosity of the Macedonian churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he was rich ## +# the grace of our Lord -AT: "he owns and possesses everything" +In this context, the word "grace" emphasizes the generosity with which Jesus had blessed the Corinthians. -## for your sakes he became poor ## +# Even though he was rich, for your sakes he became poor -AT: "for your sake he gave up his heavenly home and attributes to come to earth as a mere man," +Paul speaks of Jesus before his incarnation as being rich, and of his becoming human as becoming poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## through his poverty you might become rich. ## +# through his poverty you might become rich -AT: "through his life of humility and brokenness you might become rich and abundantly blessed."____ \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of the Corinthians becoming spiritually rich as a result of Jesus becoming human. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/10.md b/2co/08/10.md index 61a1d4bb71..46e91a2d84 100644 --- a/2co/08/10.md +++ b/2co/08/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## this matter ## +# In this matter -"this matter" refers to the collection of funds for the believers in Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to their collecting money to give to the believers in Jerusalem. AT: "With regard to the collection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# there was an eagerness and desire to do it + +This can be stated with a verbal phrase. AT: "you were eager and desired to do it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# bring it to completion + +"complete it" or "finish it" + +# a good and acceptable thing + +Here the words "good" and "acceptable" share similar meanings and emphasize the goodness of the thing. AT: "a very good thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# It must be based on what a person has + +"Giving must be based on what a person has" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/13.md b/2co/08/13.md index b1fc2023fb..6e7c82c03a 100644 --- a/2co/08/13.md +++ b/2co/08/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## For this task ## +# For this task -AT: "Asking you to give" +This refers to collecting money for the believers in Jerusalem. AT: "For this task of collecting money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## should be fairness. ## +# that others may be relieved and you may be burdened -AT: "should be a fair measure of equality." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you may relieve others and burden yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## This is also so that their abundance may also supply your need, ## +# there should be fairness -AT: "Later they will have enough to share with you when you are in need," +"there should be equality" -## as it is written, ## +# This is also so that their abundance may supply your need -"as it is written in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Since the Corinthians are acting in the present time, it is implied that the believers in Jerusalem will also help them at some time in the future. AT: "This is also so that in the future their abundance may supply your need" + +# as it is written + +Here Paul quotes from Exodus. This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Moses wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# did not have any lack + +This can be stated positively. AT: "had all he needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/16.md b/2co/08/16.md index 1878080070..b8b31b5457 100644 --- a/2co/08/16.md +++ b/2co/08/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## same earnest care ## +# who put into Titus' heart the same earnest care that I have for you + +Here the word "heart" refers to the emotions. This means that God caused Titus to love them. AT: "who made Titus care for you as much as I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# same earnest care "the same enthusiasm" or "same deep concern" -## For he not only accepted our appeal, ## +# For he not only accepted our appeal -AT: "He welcomed our request that he visit you again," - -## but being very earnest about it, ## - -AT: "and was very eager to see you." \ No newline at end of file +Paul is referring to his asking Titus to return to Corinth and complete the collection. AT: "For he not only agreed to our request that he help you with the collection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/18.md b/2co/08/18.md index bdc6c499de..64a9d8157c 100644 --- a/2co/08/18.md +++ b/2co/08/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## with him ## +# with him "with Titus" -## Not only this, but he also was selected ## +# the brother who is praised among all of the churches -AT: "This brother in Christ was appointed" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the brother whom believers among all of the churches praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to carry out this act of grace ## +# Not only this -to take this offering to Jerusalem. AT: "to carry out this act of kindness" +"Not only do believers among all of the churches praise him" -## for the glory ## +# he also was selected by the churches -AT: "This service we do for the glory" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the churches also selected him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in our carrying out this act of generosity + +"to carry out this act of generosity." This refers to taking the offering to Jerusalem. + +# for our eagerness to help + +"to demonstrate our eagerness to help" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/20.md b/2co/08/20.md index cbb0262c37..f22a6400da 100644 --- a/2co/08/20.md +++ b/2co/08/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## cause to complain ## +# concerning this generosity that we are carrying out -AT: "reason to criticize" +This refers to taking the offering to Jerusalem. The abstract noun "generosity" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "concerning the way we are handling this generous gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## about this generous gift we are collecting. ## +# We take care to do what is honorable -AT: "about the way we are handling this generous gift." +"We are careful to handle this gift in an honorable way" -## We take care to do what is honorable, ## +# before the Lord ... before people -AT: "We are careful to handle this gift in an honorable way," - -## not only before the Lord, ## - -So that Paul's actions would be honorable before the Lord. - -## but also before people. ## - -So the people will see that Paul can be trusted. \ No newline at end of file +"in the Lord's opinion ... in people's opinion" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/22.md b/2co/08/22.md index ba4e4e0ba8..1c5364f7c8 100644 --- a/2co/08/22.md +++ b/2co/08/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## And with them ## +# with them -"them" refers to Titus and the previously mentioned brother. +The word "them" refers to Titus and the previously mentioned brother. -## partner and fellow worker for you ## +# he is my partner and fellow worker for you -AT: "partner who works with me to help you" +"he is my partner who works with me to help you" -## Concerning our brothers ## +# As for our brothers -"Concerning our other brothers" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the two other men who will accompany Titus. + +# they are sent by the churches + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the churches have sent them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They are an honor to Christ + +This can be stated with a verbal phrase. AT: "They will cause people to honor Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/08/intro.md b/2co/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fe6ac0dc36 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapters 8 and 9 begin a new section dealing with the gift from the churches in Greece to the poor believers in Jerusalem. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 8:15, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Gift to the church in Jerusalem ##### + +The church in Corinth started preparing a gift of money for the poor believers in Jerusalem. The churches in Macedonia also have given generously. Now, Paul is sending Titus and two other believers to Corinth to encourage the Corinthians to give generously. Paul and the others will carry the money to Jerusalem because they want people to know that it is being done honestly. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### We ##### + +It is likely that Paul's usage of the pronoun "we" represents at least Timothy and himself. It is possible that it may also include other people. + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd and appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: having joy in affliction. This is a counter-intuitive reaction to difficulties. Paul also uses riches and poverty in other apparent paradoxes. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/09/01.md b/2co/09/01.md index ab5cd1d0c0..531db01d2b 100644 --- a/2co/09/01.md +++ b/2co/09/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Achaia ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul is referring to an area of southern Greece, which includes Corinth and surrounding areas. \ No newline at end of file +Paul continues on the subject of giving. He wants to make sure that the collection of their offering for the needy believers in Jerusalem takes place before he comes so that it does not seem as though he takes advantage of them. He talks about how giving blesses the giver and glorifies God. + +# General Information: + +When Paul refers to Achaia, he is talking about a Roman province located in southern Greece where Corinth is located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the ministry for the believers + +This refers to the collection of money to give to the believers in Jerusalem. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "the ministry for the believers in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Achaia has been getting ready + +Here the word "Achaia" refers to the people who live in this province, and specifically to the people of the church in Corinth. AT: "the people of Achaia have been preparing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/09/03.md b/2co/09/03.md index 291dd15cc9..2ed0c8debd 100644 --- a/2co/09/03.md +++ b/2co/09/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## the brothers ## +# the brothers -refers to Titus and two unnamed others. +This refers to Titus and the two men who accompany him. -## the brothers to come to you ## +# our boasting about you may not be futile -"the brothers to go to you" \ No newline at end of file +Paul does not want others to think that the things that he had boasted about the Corinthians were false. + +# find you unprepared + +"find you unprepared to give" + +# I say nothing about you + +Paul uses this negative statement to emphasize that the same thing is true about the Corinthians. AT: "and you would be even more ashamed" + +# the brothers to come to you + +From Paul's perspective, the brothers are going. AT: "the brothers to go to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# not as something extorted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "not as something that we forced you to give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/09/06.md b/2co/09/06.md index f9bc267d88..6e24fbf09c 100644 --- a/2co/09/06.md +++ b/2co/09/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the one who sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and the one who sows bountifully will also reap bountifully ## +# the one who sows ... reap a blessing -Paul uses image of a farmer sowing to that of the Corinthians giving. As a farmer's harvest is based on how much he sows, so will God's blessings be little or much based on how much the Corinthian church gives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul uses the image of a farmer sowing seeds to describe the results of giving. As a farmer's harvest is based on how much he sows, so will God's blessings be little or much based on how generously the Corinthians give. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for God loves a cheerful giver ## +# give as he has planned in his heart -God seeks for his people to give willingly and gladly to assist in meeting the needs of their fellow believers everywhere. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and emotions. AT: "give as he has determined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not reluctantly or under compulsion + +This can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "not because he feels guilty or because someone is compelling him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for God loves a cheerful giver + +God wants people to give gladly to help provide for fellow believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/09/08.md b/2co/09/08.md index b67bea286f..c3fd1d8ec6 100644 --- a/2co/09/08.md +++ b/2co/09/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## God is able to make all grace increase in you ## +# God is able to make every blessing multiply for you -Paul is expressing that as one gives financially to other believers God also gives greater grace to the giver so that the giver will not be in need. \ No newline at end of file +"God is able to increase every blessing for you." As one gives financially to other believers, God also gives more blessings to the giver so that the giver will have everything he needs. + +# so that you may multiply every good deed + +"so that you may be able to do more and more good deeds" + +# It is as it is written + +"This is just as it is written." This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is just as the writer wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/09/10.md b/2co/09/10.md index 592e329acc..e1c1dc8b2e 100644 --- a/2co/09/10.md +++ b/2co/09/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## He who supplies seed to the sower and bread for food, will also supply and multiply your seed for sowing and increase the harvest of your righteousness ## +# He who supplies -Paul is using this metaphor to refer to God's provision for the redemption of his people. - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +"God who supplies" -## your seed for sowing ## +# bread for food -AT: "your resources" +Here the word "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "food to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## harvest of your righteousness. ## +# will also supply and multiply your seed for sowing -"fruit of your righteosness" +Paul speaks of the Corinthians' possessions as if they are seeds and of giving to others as if they were sowing seeds. AT: "will also supply and multiply your possessions so that you can sow them by giving them to others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and this will bring about thanksgiving to God through us. ## +# He will increase the harvest of your righteousness -AT: "and when we give your gifts to those who need them, they will give God many thanks." \ No newline at end of file +Paul compares the benefits that the Corinthians will receive from their generosity to that of a harvest. AT: "God will bless you even more for your righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the harvest of your righteousness + +"the harvest that comes from your righteous actions." Here the word "righteousness" refers to the righteous actions of the Corinthians in giving their resources to the believers in Jerusalem. + +# You will be enriched + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will enrich you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This will bring about thanksgiving to God through us + +The word this refers to the Corinthian's generosity. AT: "Because of your generosity, those who receive the gifts we bring them will thank God" or "and when we give your gifts to those who need them, they will give thanks to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/09/12.md b/2co/09/12.md index f1682fe53e..ea37a41553 100644 --- a/2co/09/12.md +++ b/2co/09/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## For the ministry of this service ## +# For carrying out this service -AT: "For your ministry of giving" +Here the word "service" refers to Paul and his companions bringing the contribution to the believers in Jerusalem. AT: "For our carrying out this service for the believers in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## needs of the saints ## +# It also multiplies into many acts of thanksgiving to God -"needs of the saints in Jerusalem" +Paul speaks of the Corinthian believers' act of service as if it were an object that could multiply itself into many objects. AT: "It also causes many deeds for which people will thank God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but is also overflowing in many thanksgivings ## +# Because of your being tested and proved by this service -AT: "but is also causing many people to thank God" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Because this service has tested and proven you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## You have been approved by this service, ## +# you will also glorify God by obedience ... by the generosity of your gift to them and to everyone -AT: "Your generosity has proven your obedience and love." +Paul says that the Corinthians will glorify God both by being faithful to Jesus and by giving generously to other believers who have need. -## you also glorify God by the obedience of your confession of the gospel of Christ and the generosity of your gift to them and to all ## +# for his inexpressible gift -AT: "you also glorify God, not only by your obedience and generosity, but by proclaiming the good news of Christ" - -## for his inexpressible gift! ## - -AT: "for the gift that cannot be expressed in words, Jesus Christ!" \ No newline at end of file +"for his gift, which words cannot describe." Possible meanings are 1) that this gift refers to "the very great grace" that God has given to the Corinthians, which has led them to be so generous or 2) that this gift refers to Jesus Christ, whom God gave to all believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/09/intro.md b/2co/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c146e9a0ae --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many English translations indent the line of 9:9, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### + +Paul uses three agricultural metaphors to give instructions about giving to those in need. Their overall purpose is to explain the point that God will reward those who give generously. He does not give specifics about how or when God will reward them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/01.md b/2co/10/01.md index 981d16d576..8b906e6c49 100644 --- a/2co/10/01.md +++ b/2co/10/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## you, by the humility ## +# Connecting Statement: -"you, in the humility" +Paul shifts the subject from giving to affirming his authority to teach as he does. -## who suppose that ## +# by the humility and gentleness of Christ + +The word "humility" and "gentleness" are abstract nouns, and can be expressed in another way. AT: "I am humble and gentle as I do so, because Christ has made me that way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# who assume that "who think that" -## we are living according to the flesh ## +# we are living according to the flesh -AT: "we act from human motives" \ No newline at end of file +The word "flesh" is a metonym for sinful human nature. "we are acting from human motives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/03.md b/2co/10/03.md index d9502bb750..a4f1af8755 100644 --- a/2co/10/03.md +++ b/2co/10/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## wage war according to the flesh ## +# we walk in the flesh -AT: "fight with human weapons" +The word "flesh" is a metonym for physical life. AT: "we live our lives in physical bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## For the weapons we fight with are not fleshly ## +# we do not wage war ... we fight -AT: "For we fight with God's mighty weapons, not worldly weapons." +Paul speaks of his trying to persuade the Corinthians to believe him and not the false teachers as if he were fighting a physical war. These words should be translated literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Instead, they have divine power to destroy strongholds ## +# wage war according to the flesh -"They have divine power to knock down strongholds" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the word "flesh" is a metonym for physical life. AT: "fight against our enemies using physical weapons" or 2) the word "flesh" is a metonym for sinful human nature. AT: "wage war in sinful ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the weapons we fight with ... bring to nothing misleading arguments + +Paul speaks of godly wisdom showing human wisdom to be false as if it were a weapon with which he was destroying an enemy stronghold. AT: "the weapons we fight with ... show people that what our enemies say is completely wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# are not fleshly + +Possible meanings are 1) the word "fleshly" is a metonym for merely physical. AT: "are not physical" or 2) the word "fleshly" is a metonym for sinful human nature. AT: "are not sinful" or "do not enable us to do wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/05.md b/2co/10/05.md index e41ad9d8bf..05fdd0d21a 100644 --- a/2co/10/05.md +++ b/2co/10/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## every lofty thing ## +# every high thing that rises up -AT: "all proud strongholds of human reasoning" or "every false argument." +Paul is still speaking with the metaphor of a war, as if "the knowledge of God" were an army and "every high thing" were a wall that people had made to keep the army out. AT: "every false argument that proud people think of to protect themselves" -## rises up against the knowledge of God ## +# every high thing -"speaks against God" +"everything that proud people do" -## we take every thought captive for obedience to Christ. ## +# rises up against the knowledge of God -AT: "we lead every thought back to obedience to Christ" or "we take every rebellious thought captive and teach obedience to Christ." \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of arguments as if they were a wall standing high against an army. The words "rises up" mean "stands tall," not that the "high thing" is floating up into the air. AT: "people use so they will not have to know who God is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We take every thought captive into obedience to Christ + +Paul speaks of people's thoughts as if they were enemy soldiers whom he captures in battle. AT: "We show how all the false ideas those people have are wrong and teach the people to obey Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# punish every act of disobedience + +The words "act of disobedience" are a metonym for the people who commit those acts. AT: "punish every one of you who disobey us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/07.md b/2co/10/07.md index d5b386e1c3..3476905c7e 100644 --- a/2co/10/07.md +++ b/2co/10/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Look at what is clearly in front of you. ## +# Look at what is clearly in front of you -AT: "Ponder what should be very clear to you." +Possible meanings are 1) this is a command or 2) this is a statement, "You are looking only at what you can see with your eyes." Some think this is a rhetorical question which may also be written as a statement. AT: "Are you looking at what is clearly in front of you?" or "You seem unable to see what is clearly in front of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## let him remind himself ## +# let him remind himself -"let him remember" +"he needs to remember" -## that just as he is Christ's, so also are we ## +# that just as he is Christ's, so also are we -AT:"that we belong to Christ just as much as he does."____ +"that we belong to Christ just as much as he does" -## build you up ## +# to build you up and not to destroy you -"promote your growth as followers of Christ" or "help you grow as followers of Christ" \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of helping the Corinthians to know Christ better as if he were constructing a building. AT: "to help you become better followers of Christ and not to discourage you so you stop following him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/09.md b/2co/10/09.md index e189c91eba..8099f75c26 100644 --- a/2co/10/09.md +++ b/2co/10/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## I am terrifying you ## +# I am terrifying you "I am trying to frighten you" -## serious and powerful, ## +# serious and powerful -"demanding and forceful," - -## not worth listening to ## - -"difficult to listen to" \ No newline at end of file +"demanding and forceful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/11.md b/2co/10/11.md index 208f3cae22..156bcd89e6 100644 --- a/2co/10/11.md +++ b/2co/10/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## What we say ## +# Let such people be aware -"We" refers to Paul's ministry team. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +"I want such people to be aware" -## we say by letter...is the same we as will do when we are there ## +# what we are in the words of our letters when we are absent is what we will be in our actions when we are there -Paul is stating that he seeks to live by the instructions he writes. +"we will do the same things when we are there with you that we have written about in our letters while we have been away from you" -## to classify or compare ## +# we ... our -"to rank or compare" +All instances of these words refer to Paul's ministry team but not the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## have no insight ## +# to group ourselves or compare -"show their ignorance" or "show their lack of discernment." \ No newline at end of file +"to say we are as good as" + +# they measure themselves by one another and compare themselves with each other + +Paul is saying much the same thing twice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# they measure themselves by one another + +Paul is speaking of goodness as though it were something whose length people could measure. AT: "they look at each other and try to see who is better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have no insight + +"show everyone that they do not know anything" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/13.md b/2co/10/13.md index 0acdda38ff..eb3073806e 100644 --- a/2co/10/13.md +++ b/2co/10/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## beyond limits ## +# General Information: -AT: "about things done outside our area of authority" +Paul speaks of the authority he has as if it were a land over which he rules, those things over which he has authority as being within the borders or "limits" of his land, and those things not under his authority as being beyond the "limits." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## area that God ## +# will not boast beyond limits -AT: "boundaries of the work that God" +This is an idiom. AT: "will not boast about things over which we have no authority" or "will boast only about things over which we have authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## did not overextend ourselves ## +# within the limits of what God -AT: "did not reach beyond these boundaries" +"about things under the authority that God" -## reach as far as you with ## +# limits that reach as far as you -AT: "travel all the way to Corinth with" \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of the authority he has as if it were a land over which he rules. AT: "and you are within the border of our authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# did not overextend ourselves + +"did not go beyond our borders" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/15.md b/2co/10/15.md index 7a9d8e5d41..c20a9da164 100644 --- a/2co/10/15.md +++ b/2co/10/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## boast—beyond the limits—about ## +# have not boasted beyond limits -To claim credit about. +This is an idiom. AT: "have not boasted about things over which we have no authority" or "have not boasted only about things over which we have authority." See how these words were translated in [2 Corinthians 10:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## that our own area of work ## +# our own area of work will be greatly expanded -AT: "so that the boundaries of our work among you" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will greatly expand our own area of work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## another's area. ## +# another's area -AT: "anyone else's assigned area." \ No newline at end of file +"an area God has assigned to someone else" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/17.md b/2co/10/17.md index f0a9248c91..9693811199 100644 --- a/2co/10/17.md +++ b/2co/10/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## "But let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord." ## +# boast in the Lord -It is only in the Lord that any boasting can be make. \ No newline at end of file +"boast about what the Lord has done" + +# recommends himself + +This means that he provides enough evidence for each person who hears him to decide whether he is right or wrong. See how "recommend ourselves" is translated in [2 Corinthians 4:2](../04/01.md). + +# who is approved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the Lord approves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it is the one whom the Lord recommends + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "the one whom the Lord recommends is the one of whom the Lord approves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/10/intro.md b/2co/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3b9cff0b4d --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the last line of 10:17, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + + +In this chapter, Paul returns to the topic of defending his authority. He also addresses the difference between the way he speaks and the way he writes. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Boasting ##### +Boasting is another word for bragging. Bragging has negative connotations while boasting should not. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +In verses 10:3-6, Paul uses many metaphors from war. These are probably used as part of a larger metaphor about Christians engaging in spiritual warfare. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Flesh ##### + +This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful and it appears that Paul is teaching that while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort. His new nature will fight against his old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/01.md b/2co/11/01.md index 6441826032..6597381efa 100644 --- a/2co/11/01.md +++ b/2co/11/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## put up with ## +# Connecting Statement: -"tolerate" +Paul continues to affirm his apostleship. -## with me in some foolishness ## +# put up with me in some foolishness -AT: "with more of my foolishness" +"allow me to act like a fool" -## but you are indeed putting up with me! ## +# jealous ... jealousy -AT: "Indeed, you are!" +These words speak of a good, strong desire that the Corinthians be faithful to Christ, and that no one should persuade them to leave him. -## I promised you in marriage to one husband—to present you as a pure virgin to Christ. ## +# I promised you in marriage to one husband. I promised to present you as a pure virgin to Christ -AT: "I promised to present you as a pure virgin in marriage to one husband, Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of his care for the Corinthian believers as if he had promised another man that he would prepare his daughter to marry him and he is most concerned that he be able to keep his promise to the man. AT: "I was like a father who promised to present his daughter to one husband. I promised to keep you as a pure virgin so I could give you to Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/03.md b/2co/11/03.md index 2d813541a6..9399c9ce21 100644 --- a/2co/11/03.md +++ b/2co/11/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## But I am afraid that somehow...pure devotion to Christ. ## +# But I am afraid that somehow ... pure devotion to Christ -AT: "But I am afraid that somehow your thoughts...devotion to Christ just as as the serpent deceived Eve by his craftiness." +"But I am afraid that somehow your thoughts might be led astray from a sincere and pure devotion to Christ just as the serpent deceived Eve by his craftiness" -## For if someone comes and ## +# your thoughts might be led astray away -"When anyone" +Paul speaks of thoughts as if they were animals that people could lead along the wrong path. AT: "someone might cause you to believe lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## or if you receive a different spirit than what you received, or a different gospel than the one you received, ## +# For suppose that someone comes and -AT: "a different spirit than the Holy Spirit, or a different gospel than you received from us," +"When anyone comes and" -## you tolerate it well enough! ## +# a different spirit than what you received. Or suppose that you receive a different gospel than the one you received -AT: "put up with it!" \ No newline at end of file +"a different spirit than the Holy Spirit, or a different gospel than you received from us" + +# put up with these things + +"deal with these things." See how these words were translated in [2 Corinthians 11:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/05.md b/2co/11/05.md index 1b647ee0f8..9b8510d017 100644 --- a/2co/11/05.md +++ b/2co/11/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## "super-apostles" ## +# those so-called super-apostles -apostles"** - AT: "false teachers that think they are extra special" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +Paul uses irony here to show that those teachers are less important then people say there are. AT: "those teachers whom some think are better than anyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## even if I am untrained in giving speeches ## +# I am not untrained in knowledge -AT: "even if I have not been trained in making speeches" \ No newline at end of file +This negative phrase emphasizes the positive truth that he is trained in knowledge. The abstract noun "knowledge" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I am certainly trained in knowledge" or "I am trained to know what they know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/07.md b/2co/11/07.md index a32a09141e..caec3eca92 100644 --- a/2co/11/07.md +++ b/2co/11/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## of God to you? ## +# Did I sin by humbling myself so you might be exalted? -AT: " of God to you without expecting anything from you in return?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Paul is beginning to claim that he treated the Corinthians well. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement, if necessary. AT: "I think we agree that I did not sin by humbling myself so you might be exalted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I "robbed" other churches ## +# freely -AT: "I accepted money from other churches" +"without expecting anything from you in return" -## accepting support from them so that ## +# I robbed other churches -AT: "churches so that" +This is an exaggeration to emphasize that Paul received money from churches who were not obligated to give to him. AT: "I accepted money from other churches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## I could serve you. ## +# I could serve you -AT: "I could serve you at no cost." +The full meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "I could serve you at no cost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## And in every way I kept myself from being a burden to you, ## +# In everything I have kept myself from being a burden to you -AT: "I have never been a financial burden to you," +"I have never in any way been a financial burden to you." Paul speaks of someone for whom one has to spend money as if they were heavy items that people have to carry. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "I have done all I can to make sure you do not have to spend money so that I can be with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and I will continue to do that. ## +# the brothers who came -AT: "and I never will be." \ No newline at end of file +These "brothers" were probably all male. + +# I will continue to do that + +"I never will be a burden to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/10.md b/2co/11/10.md index e4f228d766..4281514666 100644 --- a/2co/11/10.md +++ b/2co/11/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## this boasting … will not be silenced… ## +# As the truth of Christ is in me, this -Paul will continue to boast through out all of Achaia which is modern day southern Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Paul is emphasizing that because his readers know that he tells the truth about Christ, they can know that he is telling the truth here. "As surely as you know that I truly know and proclaim the truth about Christ, you can know that what I am about to say is true. This" -## And why? Because I do not love you? ## +# this boasting of mine will not be silenced -AT: "I will continue to keep you from paying for my needs, because this shows others that I love you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will be able to make me stop boasting and stay silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this boasting of mine + +This refers to what Paul spoke about in ([2 Corinthians 11:7-9](./07.md)). + +# parts of Achaia + +"regions of Achaia." The word "parts" speaks of areas of land, not political divisions. + +# Why? Because I do not love you? + +Paul uses rhetorical questions to emphasize love for the Corinthians. These questions can be combined or made into a statement. AT: "Is it because I do not love you that I do not want to be a burden to you?" or "I will continue to keep you from paying for my needs because this shows others that I love you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# God knows + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "God knows I love you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/12.md b/2co/11/12.md index 3a8b09fbc0..d70052af85 100644 --- a/2co/11/12.md +++ b/2co/11/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## cut off the excuse ## +# Connecting Statement: -To stop or weaken the claim. +As Paul continues to affirm his apostleship, he talks about false apostles. -## wish to be found equal to us in what they boast about ## +# in order that I may take away the claim -That these people like to boast that their work is just like Paul's work. +Paul speaks of a false claim that his enemies state as if it were something that he can carry way. AT: "so that I might make it impossible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For such people - ## +# for which they want to boast -** AT: "Those people" +While Paul's boast was that he "freely preached the gospel" ([2 Corinthians 11:7](./07.md)), his enemies boasted that they could speak well ([2 Corinthians 11:6](./05.md)). -## deceitful workers ## +# they are found to be doing the same work that we are doing -"or dishonest workers" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that people will think that they are like us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## disguising themselves as apostles of Christ. ## +# For such people -These people pretend to be apostles of Christ. \ No newline at end of file +"I do what I do because people like them" + +# deceitful workers + +"dishonest workers" + +# disguise themselves as apostles + +"are not apostles, but they try to make themselves look like apostles" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/14.md b/2co/11/14.md index 8d1fe9d2bb..7be36d288a 100644 --- a/2co/11/14.md +++ b/2co/11/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## And this is no surprise ## +# this is no surprise ... It is no great surprise if -"This is no surprise to me" +By stating this in a negative form Paul is emphasizing that the Corinthians should expect to meet many "false apostles" ([2 Corinthians 11:13](./12.md)). AT: "we should expect this ... We should certainly expect that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## Satan disguises himself as an angel of light ## +# Satan disguises himself as an angel of light -"Satan pretends to be an angel of light" +"Satan is not an angel of light, but he tries to make himself look like an angel of light" -## It is no great surprise if ## +# his servants also disguise themselves as servants of righteousness -"It makes sense that" \ No newline at end of file +"his servants are not servants of righteousness, but they try to make themselves look like servants of righteousness" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/16.md b/2co/11/16.md index c9ce8822ac..fef4529054 100644 --- a/2co/11/16.md +++ b/2co/11/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## Let no one think I am a fool ## +# receive me as a fool so I may boast a little -There is a difference between Paul doing a little foolish boasting, and actually being a fool who can be easily deceived. +"receive me as you would receive a fool: let me talk, and consider my boasting the words of a fool" -## receive me like a fool ## +# according to the flesh -Paul is expressing a momentary desire to boast to and about the Corinth church. - -## so I may boast a little. ## - -AT: "while I boast a little." - -## What I am saying about this boastful confidence is not condoned by the Lord, ## - -AT: "This kind of boasting is not encouraged by the Lord," - -## according to the flesh, ## - -AT; "about their human achievements," \ No newline at end of file +Here the metonym "flesh" refers to man in his sinful nature and his achievements. AT: "about their own human achievements" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/19.md b/2co/11/19.md index 342f6545ba..64f74100fd 100644 --- a/2co/11/19.md +++ b/2co/11/19.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## For you gladly put up with fools ## +# put up with fools -"For you enjoy putting up with fools" +"accept me when I act like a fool." See how a similar phrase was translated in [2 Corinthians 11:1](./01.md). -## being wise yourselves! ## +# You are wise yourselves! -AT: "thinking you are wise!" +Paul is shaming the Corinthians by using irony. AT: "You think you are wise, but you are not!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## if he causes division among you ## +# enslaves you -To cause people to be in disagreement with one another. +Paul uses exaggeration when he speaks of some people forcing others to obey rules as if they were forcing them to be slaves. AT: "makes you follow rules they have thought of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## or if he slaps ## +# he consumes you -"and he slaps" +Paul speaks of the super-apostles' taking people's material resources as if they were eating the people themselves. AT: "he takes all your property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I speak out of shame for we were too weak to do that ## +# takes advantage of you -AT: "I shamefully admit that we were not bold enough to treat you like that." +A person takes advantage of another person by knowing things that the other person does not and using that knowledge to help himself and harm the other person. -## Yet whenever anyone boasts ## +# I will say to our shame that we were too weak to do that -AT: "Whatever anyone boasts about" +"I shamefully admit that we were not bold enough to treat you like that." Paul is using irony to tell the Corinthians that it was not because he was weak that he treated them well. AT: "I am not ashamed to say that we had the power to harm you, but we treated you well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## I also boast ## +# Yet if anyone boasts ... I too will boast -AT: "I dare to boast about it also." \ No newline at end of file +"Whatever anyone boasts about ... I will dare to boast about it also" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/22.md b/2co/11/22.md index 4750cfef65..6267009730 100644 --- a/2co/11/22.md +++ b/2co/11/22.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they descendants of Abraham? So am I. Are they servants of Christ? ## +# Connecting Statement: -Hebrew, Israelite, descendants of Abraham are different names for a Jew. See (Parallelism) +As Paul continues to confirm his apostleship, he states specific things that have happened to him since he became a believer. -## as though I were out of my mind ## +# Are they Hebrews? ... Are they Israelites? ... Are they descendants of Abraham? ... Are they servants of Christ? (I speak as though I were out of my mind.) I am more -"as though I were a madman" +Paul is asking questions the Corinthians might be asking and then answering them to emphasize that he is as much a Jew as the super-apostles are. You should keep the question-and-answer form if possible. AT: "They want you to think they are important and to believe what they say because they are Hebrews and Israelites and descendants of Abraham. Well, so am I. They say they are servants of Christ—I speak as though I were out of my mind—but I am more" -## I am more ## +# as though I were out of my mind -AT: "I am more a servant of Christ than they are!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +"as though I were unable to think well" -## in even more hard work ## +# I am more -AT: "I have worked harder" +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "I am more a servant of Christ than they are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## in far more prisons ## +# in even more hard work -AT: "I have been in prisons more often" +"I have worked harder" -## in beatings beyond measure ## +# in far more prisons -AT: "have been beaten countless times" +"I have been in prisons more often" -## in facing many dangers of death ## +# in beatings beyond measure -AT: "and have faced death many times." \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom, and is exaggerated to emphasize that he had been beaten many, many times. AT: "I have been beaten very many times" or "I have been beaten too many times to bother counting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# in facing many dangers of death + +"and I have almost died many times" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/24.md b/2co/11/24.md index 8261edcabc..7f99573301 100644 --- a/2co/11/24.md +++ b/2co/11/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## forty lashes minus one ## +# forty lashes minus one -This was a common expression for being whipped 39 times. 40 lashes was assumed to kill a person. +This was a common expression for being whipped 39 times. In Jewish law the most they were allowed to whip a person at one time was forty lashes. So they commonly whipped a person thirty-nine times so that they would be guilty of whipping someone too many times if the accidentally counted wrong. -## I have spent a night and a day on the open sea ## +# I was beaten with rods + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people beat me with wooden rods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I was stoned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people threw stones at me until they thought I was dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I have spent a night and a day on the open sea Paul was referring to floating in the water after the ship he was on sank. -## in danger from false brothers. ## +# in danger from false brothers -AT: "and in danger from people who claimed to be brothers in Christ, but who betrayed us." \ No newline at end of file +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "and in danger from people who claimed to be brothers in Christ, but who betrayed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/27.md b/2co/11/27.md index 39844dc1c4..97503edf17 100644 --- a/2co/11/27.md +++ b/2co/11/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## and nakedness ## +# nakedness -AT: "and without enough clothing to keep me warm." +Here Paul exaggerates to show his need of clothing. AT: "without enough clothing to keep me warm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Who is weak, and I am not weak? ## +# there is the daily pressure on me of my anxiety -AT: "When someone is weak, I feel that weakness also?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul knows that God will hold him responsible for how well the churches obey God and speaks of that knowledge as if it were a heavy object pushing him down. AT: "I know that God will hold me accountable for the spiritual growth of all the churches, and so I always feel like a heavy object is pushing me down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Who has caused another to fall into sin ## +# Who is weak, and I am not weak? -AT: "When someone causes a brother to sin"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Whenever anyone is weak, I feel that weakness also." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## and I do not burn within? ## +# Who is weak, and I am not weak? -AT: "I feel mad and angry." \ No newline at end of file +The word "weak" is probably a metaphor for a spiritual condition, but no one is sure what Paul is speaking of, so it is best to use the same word here. AT: "I am weak whenever anyone else is weak." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Who has been caused to stumble, and I do not burn? + +Paul uses this question to express his anger when a fellow believer is caused to sin. Here his anger is spoken of as a burning inside him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Whenever anyone causes a brother to sin, I am angry." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# has been caused to stumble + +Paul speaks of sin as if it were tripping over something and then falling. AT: "has been led to sin" or "has thought that God would permit him to sin because of something that someone else did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I do not burn + +Paul speaks of being angry about sin as if he had a fire inside his body. AT: "I am not angry about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/30.md b/2co/11/30.md index 99ff6a44b0..746bd5a2c0 100644 --- a/2co/11/30.md +++ b/2co/11/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## what shows my weaknesses. ## +# what shows my weaknesses -AT: "how weak I am." \ No newline at end of file +"what shows how weak I am" + +# I am not lying + +Paul is using litotes to emphasize that he is telling the truth. AT: "I am telling the absolute truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/32.md b/2co/11/32.md index f19d6e454f..d5ca8593d4 100644 --- a/2co/11/32.md +++ b/2co/11/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## guarding the city of the Damascus ## +# the governor under King Aretas was guarding the city -guarding the gates of the city," +"the governor whom King Aretas had appointed had told men to guard the city" -## to arrest me, ## +# to arrest me -AT: "so that they might catch and arrest me." +"so that they might catch and arrest me" -## the wall and I escaped from his hands. ## +# I was lowered in a basket -"the wall and I escaped." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "some people put me in a basket and lowered me to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from his hands + +Paul uses the governor's hands as metonymy for the governor. AT: "from the governor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/11/intro.md b/2co/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4a6e235f65 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues Paul's defense which started in chapter 10 and lasts through the end of the book. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### False teaching ##### +The Corinthians were quick to accept false teaching about Jesus and Christianity. These other teachers were teaching things about Jesus and the gospel that were different and not true. Unlike these false teachers, Paul lives sacrificially in service of the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]]) + +##### Light ##### +This is a common image in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +Paul begins the chapter with an extended metaphor comparing Paul to the father of the bride giving a pure, virgin bride to her groom. Although wedding practices change depending on cultural background, the idea of helping to present someone as a grown and holy child is made rather explicit in this passage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Irony ##### + +This chapter is full of irony. Paul is hoping to shame the Corinthian believers with his irony. "You tolerate these things well enough!" Paul thinks that they should not tolerate the way the false apostles treated them. Paul does not think they are really apostles at all. The statement, "For you gladly put up with fools. You are wise yourselves!" means that the Corinthian believers think they were very wise but Paul does not agree. "I will say to our shame that we were too weak to do that." Paul is speaking about behavior he thinks is very wrong in order to avoid it. He is speaking as if he thinks he is wrong for not doing it. He used a rhetorical question also as irony. "Did I sin by humbling myself so you might be exalted?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +In refuting the false apostles' claims of superiority, Paul used a series of rhetorical questions coupled with an answer: "Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they descendants of Abraham? So am I. Are they servants of Christ? (I speak as though I were out of my mind.) I am more." He also used a series of rhetorical questions to express empathy with his converts: "Who is weak, and I am not weak? Who has caused another to fall into sin, and I do not burn within?" + +##### "Are they servants of Christ?" ##### +This is sarcasm, a special type of irony used to mock or insult. Paul does not believe these false teachers actually serve Christ, only that they pretend to. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd, that appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: Paul boasts in his weakness. This is a counter-intuitive reaction to difficulties. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/01.md b/2co/12/01.md index 84472ab19e..aa549149fc 100644 --- a/2co/12/01.md +++ b/2co/12/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## I will go on ## +# Connecting Statement: -"I will reluctantly go on" +In defending his apostleship from God, Paul continues to state specific things that have happened to him since he became a believer. -## revelations from the Lord ## +# I will go on to -Wisdom, knowledge or understanding from the Lord. +"I will continue talking, but now about" -## I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago ## +# visions and revelations from the Lord -Paul is actually describing himself which he will make known shortly. +Possible meanings are 1) Paul uses the words "visions" and "revelations" to mean the same thing in hendiadys for emphasis. AT: "things that the Lord has allowed only me to see" or 2) Paul is speaking of two different things. AT: "secret things that the Lord has let me see with my eyes and other secrets that he has told me about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) -## whether in the body or out of the body, I do not know ## +# I know a man in Christ -Paul continues to describe himself as if this happened to another person. AT: "I don't know if this man was in his physical body or in his spiritual body." +Paul is actually speaking of himself as if he were speaking of someone else, but this should be translated literally if possible. -## God knows ## +# whether in the body or out of the body, I do not know -AT: "Only God knows" +Paul continues to describe himself as if this happened to another person. "I do not know if this man was in his physical body or in his spiritual body" -## the third heaven ## +# God knows -This refers to the dwelling place of God rather than the sky or outer space (the planets, stars and the universe). \ No newline at end of file +"only God knows" + +# the third heaven + +This refers to the dwelling place of God rather than the sky or outer space (the planets, stars, and the universe). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/03.md b/2co/12/03.md index b0b5b98c27..6d2ee5e838 100644 --- a/2co/12/03.md +++ b/2co/12/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## And I know such a man— ## +# General Information: -"And I know that this man" +Paul continues to speak of himself as though he were speaking of someone else. -## who was caught ## +# this man ... was caught up into paradise -"was caught" +This can be stated in active form. AT: Possible meanings are 1) "God took this man ... into paradise" or 2) "an angel took this man ... into paradise." If possible, it would be best not to name the one who took the man: "someone took ... paradise" or "they took ... paradise." -## paradise ## +# caught up -This either refers to heaven (or "third heaven") or a special place in heaven. +suddenly and forcefully held and taken -## and who heard things ## +# paradise -"and heard things" +Possible meanings are 1) heaven or 2) the third heaven or 3) a special place in heaven. -## of such a person ## +# of such a person -"of that person" \ No newline at end of file +"of that person" + +# I will not boast, except about my weaknesses + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I will boast only of my weaknesses" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/06.md b/2co/12/06.md index 15069dafdf..9cd6081527 100644 --- a/2co/12/06.md +++ b/2co/12/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## may think more of me than what is seen ## +# Connecting Statement: + +As Paul defends his apostleship from God, he tells of the weakness that God gave him to keep him humble. + +# General Information: + +When Paul speaks of his "thorn in the flesh," he reveals that he is the "man" he spoke of in [2 Corinthians 12:2-5](./01.md). + +# heard from me. I will also keep from boasting because of the extraordinary kind of those revelations. Therefore, so I would not be puffed up with pride, a thorn + +Another possible meaning is "heard from me. Therefore, so I would not be puffed up with pride because of the extraordinary kind of those revelations, a thorn." + +# will think more of me than what is seen "gives me more credit than what is seen" -## Therefore, so I would not be puffed up with pride ## +# because of the extraordinary kind of those revelations + +"because those revelations were so different from anything anyone else had ever seen" + +# Therefore, so I would not be puffed up with pride "To keep me from being full of pride" -## a thorn in the flesh ## +# puffed up -"an affliction" or "physical problem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +filled with air and so larger than is normal -## messenger from Satan ## +# a thorn in the flesh was given to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave me a thorn in the flesh" or "God allowed me to have a thorn in the flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a thorn in the flesh + +Here Paul's physical problems are compared to a "thorn" piercing his "flesh." AT: affliction" or "a physical problem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# messenger from Satan "servant of Satan" -## to harass me ## +# to harass me "to torment me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/08.md b/2co/12/08.md index 76e275d945..ff3bf0b30d 100644 --- a/2co/12/08.md +++ b/2co/12/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## Lord about this, ## +# Three times -AT: "Lord about this thorn in the flesh," or "Lord about this affliction" +Paul put these words at the beginning of the sentence to emphasize that he had prayed many times about his "thorn" ([2 Corinthians 12:7](./06.md)). -## "My grace is enough for you, ## +# Lord about this -"'My favor is all you need" +"Lord about this thorn in the flesh," or "Lord about this affliction" -## for power is made perfect in weakness." ## +# My grace is enough for you -AT: "for my power works best when you are weak.'" +"I will be kind to you, and that is all you need" -## Therefore I am content for Christ’s sake, ## +# for power is made perfect in weakness -AT: "That is the reason why I take pleasure in my weaknesses," +"for my power works best when you are weak" -## in distresses, ## +# the power of Christ might reside on me -AT: "in distresses that I suffer for Christ's sake," +Paul speaks of Christ's power as if it were a tent built over him. Possible meanings are 1) "people might see that I have the power of Christ" or 2) "I might truly have the power of Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for whenever I am weak, then I am strong. ## +# I am content for Christ's sake in weaknesses, in insults, in troubles, in persecutions and distressing situations -AT: "for whenever I am weak, then Christ's power is strong in me." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "I am content in weakness, insults, troubles, persecutions, and distressing situations if these things come because I belong to Christ" or 2) "I am content in weakness ... if these things cause more people to know Christ." + +# in weaknesses + +"when I am weak" + +# in insults + +"when people try to make me angry by saying that I am a bad person" + +# in troubles + +"when I am suffering" + +# distressing situations + +"when there is trouble" + +# For whenever I am weak, then I am strong + +Paul is saying that when he is no longer strong enough to do what needs to be done, Christ, who is more powerful than Paul could ever be, will work through Paul to do what needs to be done. However, it would be best to translate these words literally, if your language allows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/11.md b/2co/12/11.md index f6608d57af..5f4d99ec52 100644 --- a/2co/12/11.md +++ b/2co/12/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,55 @@ -## I have become a fool! ## +# Connecting Statement: -"I act like a fool!" +Paul reminds the believers in Corinth of the true signs of an apostle and of his humility before them to strengthen them. -## You forced me to be, for I should have been praised by you, ## +# I have become a fool -AT: "You should have openly praised my work," +"I am acting like a fool" -## for I was not at all inferior to the ## +# You forced me to this -AT: "for I am not at all less than the" +"You forced me to talk this way" -## "super-apostles" ## +# I should have been praised by you -apostles"** - "proud false teachers" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it is praise that you should have given me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For how were you less important than the rest of the churches, ## +# praised -AT: "The only difference between the other churches I worked in and you" +Possible meanings are 1) "praise" ([2 Corinthians 03:1](../03/01.md)) or 2) "recommend" ([2 Corinthians 04:2](../04/01.md)). -## except that I was not a burden to you? ## +# For I was not at all inferior to -AT: "was that I didn't ask you for money to pay my expenses." +By using the negative form, Paul is saying strongly that those Corinthians who think that he is inferior are wrong. AT: "For I am just as good as" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## Forgive me this wrong! ## +# super-apostles -Paul is asking for forgiveness for not placing a demand on the Corinthians to support him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul uses irony here to show that those teachers are less important then people say they are. See how this is translated in [2 Corinthians 11:05](../11/05.md). AT: "those teachers whom some think are better than anyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# The true signs of an apostle were performed + +This can be stated in active form, with emphasis on the "signs." AT: "It is the true signs of an apostle that I performed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# signs ... signs + +Use the same word both times. + +# signs and wonders and mighty deeds + +These are the "true signs of an apostle" that Paul performed "with complete patience." + +# how were you less important than the rest of the churches, except that ... you? + +Paul is emphasizing that the Corinthians are wrong to accuse him of wanting to do them harm. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I treated you the same way I treated all the other churches, except that ... you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I was not a burden to you + +"I did not ask you for money or other things I needed" + +# Forgive me for this wrong! + +Paul is being ironic to shame the Corinthians. Both he and they know that he has done them no wrong, but they have been treating him as though he has wronged them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# this wrong + +not asking them for money and other things he needed \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/14.md b/2co/12/14.md index 89c9eb060e..7a4bb1b1fa 100644 --- a/2co/12/14.md +++ b/2co/12/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## I want you ## +# I want you -AT: "what I want is your love and acceptance in Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "What I want is that you love and accept me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I will most gladly spend and be spent for your souls ## +# children should not save up for the parents -Paul speaks of meeting their needs, whether physical or spiritual. AT:"I will gladly spend myself and anything I have for you." +Young children are not responsible for saving money or other goods to give to their healthy parents. -## If I love you more, am I to be loved less? ## +# I will most gladly spend and be spent -AT: " even if it seems that the more I love you, the less you love me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of his work and his physical life as if it were money that he or God could spend. AT: "I will gladly do any work and gladly allow God to permit people to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for your souls + +The word "souls" is a metonym for the people themselves. AT: "for you" or "so you will live well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# If I love you more, am I to be loved less? + +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "If I love you so much, you should not love me so little." or "If ... much, you should love me more than you do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# more + +It is not clear what it is that Paul's love is "more" than. It is probably best to use "very much" or a "so much" that can be compared to "so little" later in the sentence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/16.md b/2co/12/16.md index b29cb15720..8a8a33c431 100644 --- a/2co/12/16.md +++ b/2co/12/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## since I am so crafty, I am the one who caught you by deceit ## +# But, since I am so crafty, I am the one who caught you by deceit -AT: "but others think I was deceptive and used trickery." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +Paul uses irony to shame the Corinthians who think he lied to them even if he did not ask them for money. AT: "but others think I was deceptive and used trickery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## Did I take advantage of you by anyone I sent to you? ## +# Did I take advantage of you by anyone I sent to you? -AT: "No one that I sent to you has taken advantage of you!" (See ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Both Paul and the Corinthians know the answer is no. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one that I sent to you has taken advantage of you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Did Titus take advantage of you? ## +# Did Titus take advantage of you? -AT:" Titus didn't take advantage of you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Both Paul and the Corinthians know the answer is no. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Titus did not take advantage of you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Did we not walk in the same way? ## +# Did we not walk in the same way? -AT: "We all have the same attitude and live alike." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul speaks of living as if it were walking on a road. Both Paul and the Corinthians know the answer to the question is yes. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We all have the same attitude and live alike." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Did we not take the same steps? ## +# Did we not walk in the same steps? -AT: "We all do things the same way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of living as if it were walking on a road. Both Paul and the Corinthians know the answer to the question is yes. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We all do things the same way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/19.md b/2co/12/19.md index 7521bf7111..b555218fa2 100644 --- a/2co/12/19.md +++ b/2co/12/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Do you think all of this time we have been defending ourselves to you? ## +# Do you think all of this time we have been defending ourselves to you? -Paul clarifies that he is not defending his behavior to them. AT: "Do not think that all of this time we have been defending ourselves to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses this question to acknowledge something that the people may have been thinking. He does this so that he can assure them that it is not true. AT: "Perhaps you think that all of this time we have been defending ourselves to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## been saying everything for your upbuilding. ## +# In the sight of God -AT: "been saying everything for your spiritual growth." \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of God knowing everything Paul does as if God were physically present and observed everything Paul said and did. AT: "Before God" or "With God as witness" or "In the presence of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for your strengthening + +"to strengthen you." Paul speaks of knowing how to obey God and desiring to obey him as if it were physical growth. AT: "so that you would know God and obey him better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/20.md b/2co/12/20.md index c7cfbe62d8..551040caf5 100644 --- a/2co/12/20.md +++ b/2co/12/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## I may not find you as I wish, - ## +# I may not find you as I wish -** AT: "I may not like what I find," +"I may not like what I find" or "I may not like what I see you doing" -## find me as you wish ## +# you might not find me as you wish -AT: "like my response." +"you might not like what you see in me" -## that there may be ## +# there may be arguments, jealousy, outbursts of anger, selfish ambition, gossip, pride, and disorder -AT: "I hope that I will not find" +The abstract nouns arguments, jealousy, outbursts of anger, selfish ambition, gossip, pride, and disorder" can be translated using verbs. Possible meanings are 1) "some of you will be arguing with us, jealous of us, suddenly becoming very angry with us, talking about our private lives, being proud, and opposing us as we try to lead you" or 2) "some of you will be arguing with each other, jealous of each other, suddenly becoming very angry with each other, talking about each other's private lives, being proud, and opposing those whom God has chosen to lead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## I might mourn for many of them that have sinned before now, ## +# I might be grieved by many of those who have sinned before now -AT: "I will be grieved because many of you have not given up your old sins" +"I will be grieved because many of them have not given up their old sins" -## and did not repent from the impurity and sexual immorality and lustful indulgence which they practiced. ## +# did not repent of the impurity and sexual immorality and lustful indulgence -AT: "and have not repented of the sexual sins that they practiced." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is saying almost the same thing three times for emphasis. AT: "did not stop commiting the sexual sins that they practiced" or 2) Paul is speaking of three different sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# of the impurity + +The abstract noun impurity can be translated as "things that do not please God." AT: "of secretly thinking about and desiring things that do not please God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# of the ... sexual immorality + +The abstract noun "immorality" can be translated as "immoral deeds." AT: "of doing sexually immoral deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# of the ... lustful indulgence + +The abstract noun "indulgence" can be translated using a verb phrase. AT: "of ... doing things that satisfy immoral sexual desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/12/intro.md b/2co/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e3d2c89a66 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Paul continues his defense. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Paul's vision ##### + +Paul continues his defense as an apostle by telling about a wonderful vision of heaven he had. It was so great, God gave him a physical handicap to keep him humble. When Paul was with the Corinthians, he proved himself to be an apostle by his powerful deeds. He has not ever taken anything from them and now that he is coming for the third time, he will still not take anything. He hopes that when he visits, he will not have to be harsh with them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]]) + +##### Third heaven ##### +Many scholars believe this is a reference to the dwelling place of God. This is because Scripture uses the term "heaven" in reference to the sky (the "first" heaven) and in reference to the universe (the "second" heaven). + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +Paul uses many rhetorical question defending himself against accusations from his enemies: "For how were you less important than the rest of the churches, except that I was not a burden to you?" "Did Titus take advantage of you? Did we not walk in the same way? Did we not walk in the same steps?" and "Do you think all of this time we have been defending ourselves to you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +##### Sarcasm ##### + +Paul uses sarcasm, a special type of irony, when he reminds them how he had helped them at no cost. He says, "Forgive me for this wrong!" He also uses regular irony when he says: "But, since I am so crafty, I am the one who caught you by deceit" to introduce his defense against this accusation by showing how impossible it was to be true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/13/01.md b/2co/13/01.md index 7bff38314e..0c9d1bfcc2 100644 --- a/2co/13/01.md +++ b/2co/13/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## all the rest ## +# Connecting Statement: -This expression means the remainder or everyone else. AT: "all the others." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Paul establishes that Christ is speaking through him and that Paul is wanting to restore them, encourage them, and unify them. -## and I say it again ## +# Every accusation must be established by the evidence of two or three witnesses -"and I repeat" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated as active. AT: "Believe that someone has done something wrong only after two or three people have said the same thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all the rest + +"all you other people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/13/03.md b/2co/13/03.md index 9c85ddc3bb..debfb2e04e 100644 --- a/2co/13/03.md +++ b/2co/13/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## but we will live with him by the power of God ## +# he was crucified -God give us the power and ability to live life in and with Him. \ No newline at end of file +This can be made active. AT: "they crucified him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but we will live with him by the power of God + +God gives us the power and ability to live life in and with him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/13/05.md b/2co/13/05.md index afeb8cb322..b942143b82 100644 --- a/2co/13/05.md +++ b/2co/13/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## you are not approved ## +# Do you not realize this about yourselves that Jesus Christ is in you? -AT: "you are not saved by faith" +Paul asks a question to emphasize his point. AT: "You should know that Jesus Christ is in you!" or "Jesus Christ is in you. You should know this already!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## we are not unapproved ## +# in you -Paul is testifying that He and his ministry team are saved by faith in Jesus, the Christ. AT: "we are approved." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) living inside each individual or 2) "among you," part of and the most important member of the group. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/13/07.md b/2co/13/07.md index d3a5034a2d..471fb87941 100644 --- a/2co/13/07.md +++ b/2co/13/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## that you may not do wrong, ## +# that you may not do any wrong -"that you won't sin" or "that you will do right" +"that you will not sin at all" or "that you will not refuse to listen to us when we correct you." Paul is emphasizing the opposite with his statement. AT: "that you will do everything right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## to have passed the test, ## +# to have passed the test -AT: "to be great teachers and live the truth," +"to be great teachers and live the truth" -## able to do anything against the truth, ## +# we are not able to do anything against the truth -AT: "able to oppose the truth of God," +"we are not able to keep people from learning the truth" -## but only for the truth. ## +# truth, but only for the truth -AT: "but must stand firm for the truth." \ No newline at end of file +"truth; everything we do will enable people to learn the truth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/13/09.md b/2co/13/09.md index cb7bfbff35..18c318c821 100644 --- a/2co/13/09.md +++ b/2co/13/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## may be made complete ## +# may be made complete -AT: "may become spiritually mature." +"may become spiritually mature" -## toward you, using the ## +# in the use of my authority -AT: "toward you. I desire to use the" \ No newline at end of file +"when I use my authority" + +# so that I may build you up, and not tear you down + +Paul speaks of helping the Corinthians to know Christ better as if he were constructing a building. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Corinthians 10:8](../10/07.md). AT: "to help you become better followers of Christ and not to discourage you so you stop following him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/13/11.md b/2co/13/11.md index 6d5620b813..b007fe3fba 100644 --- a/2co/13/11.md +++ b/2co/13/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Work for restoration ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Work toward maturity" +Paul closes his letter to the Corinthian believers. -## agree with one another ## +# Work for restoration -AT: " live in harmony with one another" +"Work toward maturity" -## with a holy kiss. ## +# agree with one another + +"live in harmony with one another" + +# with a holy kiss "with Christian love" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/13/13.md b/2co/13/13.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..04eeebae34 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/13/13.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# the believers + +"those whom God has set apart for himself" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/13/intro.md b/2co/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..72adb2b8ae --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 2 Corinthians 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +In 13:1-10, Paul finishes his defense before concluding the letter with a final greeting and blessing. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Preparation ##### +Paul is giving instructions in preparation for his upcoming visit to Corinth. He is hoping to avoid having to exercise church discipline on anyone and can have a joyous visit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Power and weakness ##### +These two figures are repeatedly used in this chapter. The are intended to contrast with each other. The translator should attempt to use terms that are understood to be opposites of each other. + +##### "In the faith" ##### +Scholars are divided over the meaning of this phrase. Some believe Christians are to test themselves to see whether their actions align with their faith. Other believe Christians should look at their actions and question whether they are genuinely saved. From the context, it appears that the former is probable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Corinthians 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/front/intro.md b/2co/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9fc9b91ba9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2co/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +# Introduction to 2 Corinthians # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 2 Corinthians #### + +1. Paul thanks God for the Corinthian Christians (1:1-11) +1. Paul explains his conduct and his ministry (1:12-7:16) +1. Paul speaks about contribution of money for the Jerusalem church (8:1-9:15) +1. Paul defends his authority as an apostle (10:1-13:10) +1. Paul gives final greetings and encouragement (13:11-14) + +#### What is the Book of 2 Corinthians about? #### + +In 2 Corinthians, Paul continues to write about the conflicts among the Christians in the city of Corinth. It is clear from what Paul writes in this letter that the Corinthians had obeyed the instructions he previously gave to them. In 2 Corinthians, Paul encourages them to live in a way that will please God. + +Paul also writes to assure them that Jesus Christ truly did send him as an apostle to preach the Gospel. Paul thought that it was very important that the Corinthian Christians realize this, because he was apparently always being opposed by Jewish Christians who were unhappy with his message of God's grace for Gentiles, even for those who were not obeying the law of Moses. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Second Corinthians" or "Paul's Second Letter to the Church in Corinth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of 2 Corinthians? #### + +Paul of Tarsus was the author. He probably wrote from Ephesus after he lived for some time in Corinth and planted the church there. Paul had been known as "Saul" before his conversion to Christ, when he had been a persecutor of the church. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was the city of Corinth like? #### + +Corinth was a major city located in ancient Greece. Because it was near the Mediterranean Sea, many people bought and sold goods there. This caused the city to have people from many different cultures. It was known for its immorality. Its religious practices centered on Aphrodite, the goddess of love. As part of the ceremonies honoring Aphrodite, her worshipers had sexual intercourse with temple prostitutes. + +#### What did Paul mean by "false apostles" (11:13)? #### + +These were Christian leaders who taught that Gentile Christians had to obey the law of Moses in order to follow Christ. It is clear that even after the leaders of the Church had met in Jerusalem to decide this question (See: Acts 15), there was still much disagreement over the matter. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +##### Singular and plural "you" ##### + +In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. Also, the word "you" is almost always plural and refers to the believers who may read this letter. There are two exceptions to this: 6:2 and 12:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +#### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in 2 Corinthians ULB? #### + +The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, 2 Corinthians ULB uses the following principles: + +* Most contexts primarily indicate a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULB uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 1:1; 8:4; 9:1, 12; 13:13) + +As translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions, they will often be helped by the choices made in the ULB. + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +These kinds of expressions occur in 1:19, 20; 2:12, 17; 3:14; 5:17, 19, 21; 10:17; 12:2, 19; and 13:4. Paul means in general to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. At the same time, he often intends to signal other kinds of relationships. See, for example, "A door was opened to me by the Lord" (2:12). + +Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Corinthians? #### + +* "and in your love for us" (8:7). Many versions, including the ULB and UDB, have this reading. However, many other versions read, "and in our love for you." There is strong evidence that each reading is original. Translators should probably follow the reading preferred by other versions in their region. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +#### What does it mean to be a "new creation" in Christ (5:17)? #### + +Paul's message is that God makes Christians part of a "new world" when a person comes to faith in Christ. This is a new world of holiness, peace, and joy that God gives. In this new world, believers have a new nature that has been given them by the Holy Spirit. Translators should try to express this idea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2jn/01/01.md b/2jn/01/01.md index 371be17726..d818cf4627 100644 --- a/2jn/01/01.md +++ b/2jn/01/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## The elder ## +# General Information: -This refers to John, the apostle and disciple of Jesus. He refers to himself as "elder" either because of his old age or because he is a leader in the church. The name of the author can be made explicit: "I, John the elder, am writing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Tradition identifies the apostle John as the writer of this letter. Though possibly addressed to an individual woman, because he writes that they should "love one another," this is probably to a church. -## because of the truth that remains in us and will be with us forever ## +# General Information: -This could be translated “because we continue to believe the truth and will forever” +All instances of "you" and "your" in this letter are plural unless noted otherwise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## The elder to the elect lady and her children ## +# General Information: -This is how letters are started in Greek. This could be translated “I, the elder John am writing this letter to you believers.” +In this letter, John includes himself and his readers by using the word "us" and "our" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## all those ## +# From the elder to the chosen lady and her children -This is a pronoun referring to fellow believers. +This is how letters were started. The name of the author can be made explicit. AT: "I, John the elder, am writing this letter to the chosen lady and her children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## whom I love in truth ## +# the elder -This could be translated “whom I truly love" +This refers to John, the apostle and disciple of Jesus. He refers to himself as "elder" either because of his old age or because he is a leader in the church. -## because of the truth that remains in us ## +# to the chosen lady and her children -The full meaning can be made explicit: "because the truth of Jesus' message lives in us since we have believed it, and it will live in us forever." +This probably refers to a congregation and the believers that belong to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in truth and love ## +# whom I love in truth -This could be translated "because they are true and they love us." Alternate translation: "because they truly love us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file +"you people whom I truly love" + +# who have known the truth + +who have known the truth about God and Jesus + +# Father ... Son + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# in truth and love + +The word "truth" describes "love." Possibly it means "in true love." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2jn/01/04.md b/2jn/01/04.md index cbc2c98f34..e360b63482 100644 --- a/2jn/01/04.md +++ b/2jn/01/04.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ -John continues to speak to the church as "the lady." The believers are her "children." (See: [2 John 1:1](./01.md)) +# your children ... you, lady ... writing to you -## some of your children ## +These instances of "your" and "you" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -The word "your" is singular. - -## just as we have received this commandment from the Father ## +# just as we have received this commandment from the Father "just as God the Father commanded us" -## not as though I wrote to you a new commandment ## +# not as though I were writing to you a new commandment -"not as though I am commanding you to do something new" +"not as though I were commanding you to do something new" -## but that which we have had from the beginning ## +# but one that we have had from the beginning -"but I am writing to you what Christ commanded us to do when we first believed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here, "beginning" refers to "when we first believed." AT: "but I am writing to you what Christ commanded us to do when we first believed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## that we should love one another ## +# beginning—that we should love one another -This could be translated as a new sentence: "And he commanded that we should love one another." +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "beginning. He commanded that we should love one another" -## This is the commandment, even as you heard from the beginning, that you should walk in it ## +# This is the commandment, just as you heard from the beginning, that you should walk in it -The word "it" refers to love. Alternate translation: "And he has commanded you since you first believed to love one another." - -## that you should walk ## - -The word "you" is plural. \ No newline at end of file +Conducting our lives according to God's commands is spoken of as if we were walking in them. The word "it" refers to love. "And he has commanded you, since you first believed, to love one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2jn/01/07.md b/2jn/01/07.md index 9230650e31..4ffb4b5a2b 100644 --- a/2jn/01/07.md +++ b/2jn/01/07.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## many deceivers ## +# Connecting Statement: -This could be translated "many false teachers" or "many imposters" +John warns them of deceivers, reminds them to remain in Christ's teaching, and warns them to stay away from those who do not remain in Christ's teaching. -## for many deceivers have gone out into the world ## +# For many deceivers have gone out into the world -This could be translated "many false teachers have left the congregation." +"For many false teachers have left the congregation" or "For many deceivers are in the world" -## Jesus Christ came in the flesh ## +# many deceivers -This is a metonymy that means "Jesus Christ came as a real human" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"many false teachers" or "many imposters" -## This is the deceiver and the antichrist" ## +# Jesus Christ came in the flesh -This could be translated "they are the ones who deceive others and oppose Christ himself" +Coming in the flesh is a metonym for being a real person. AT: "Jesus Christ came as a real human" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Look to yourselves ## +# This is the deceiver and the antichrist + +"They are the ones who deceive others and oppose Christ himself" + +# antichrist + +"person who is against Christ" + +# Look to yourselves "Watch out" or "Pay attention" -## lose the thing ## +# lose the things -This could be translated "lose your future rewards in heaven" +"lose your future rewards in heaven" -## full reward ## +# full reward -This could be translated "complete reward in heaven" \ No newline at end of file +"complete reward in heaven" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2jn/01/09.md b/2jn/01/09.md index 52407cbe97..2bcf40b23c 100644 --- a/2jn/01/09.md +++ b/2jn/01/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Whoever goes on ahead ## +# Whoever goes on ahead -This refers to a person who claims to know more about God and truth than everyone else. Alternate translation: "Whoever claims to know more about God." +This refers to a person who claims to know more about God and truth than everyone else. AT: "Whoever claims to know more about God" or "Whoever disobeys the truth" -## does not remain in the teaching of Christ ## - -"does not continue to trust what Christ taught" - -## does not have God ## +# does not have God "does not belong to God" -## comes to you ## +# The one who remains in the teaching, this one has both the Father and the Son -The word "you" is plural. +"Someone who follows Christ's teaching belongs to both the Father and the Son" -## your house ## +# the Father and the Son -The word "your" is plural. +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## participates in his evil deeds ## +# receive him into your house + +Here this means to welcome him and treat him with honor in order to build a relationship with him. + +# participates in his evil deeds "shares with him in his evil deeds" or "helps him in his evil deeds" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2jn/01/12.md b/2jn/01/12.md index 4e11133852..7daa30ae7a 100644 --- a/2jn/01/12.md +++ b/2jn/01/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## and I did not wish to write them with paper and ink ## +# Connecting Statement: -This can be translated "but I did not want to write them to you in a letter." +John's letter closes with his desire to visit them and gives greetings from another church. -## face to face ## +# General Information: -This can be translated "actually with you" +The words "you" in verse 12 are singular. The word "your" in verse 13 is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## joy may be made full ## +# I did not wish to write them with paper and ink -This can be translated "joy may be complete" +John does not wish to write these other things but would like to come say the words to them. He is not saying that he would write them with something other than paper and ink. -## The children of your elect sister ## +# The children of your chosen sister -Here John compares this other church to a sister. And the believers that are a part of that church are compared to children. This emphasizes that all believers are a spiritual family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here John speaks of this other church as if it were a sister to the readers' church and the believers that are a part of that church as if they were that church's children. This emphasizes that all believers are a spiritual family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2jn/front/intro.md b/2jn/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..107d731f2f --- /dev/null +++ b/2jn/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Introduction to 2 John # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 2 John #### + +1. Greeting (1:1-3) +1. Encouragement and the greatest commandment (1:4-6) +1. Warning about false teachers (1:7–11) +1. Greetings from fellow believers (1:12-13) + +#### What is the Book of 2 John about? #### + +John addressed this letter to someone he called "the chosen lady" and to "her children" (1:1). This could be a reference to a specific friend and her children, or it may refer to a church, a group of believers, in a specific place or everywhere. John's purpose in writing this letter was to encourage the believers and to warn them of false teachers who were taking advantage of their kindness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "2 John" or "Second John." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The Second Letter from John" or "The Second Letter John Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of 2 John? #### + +The letter of 2 John was probably written by the Apostle John near the end of his life. John does not identify himself as the author; instead, he calls himself "the elder." The content of 2 John closely resembles the content found in John's Gospel. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is hospitality? #### + +Hospitality was an important concept in the Ancient Near East. It was important to be friendly towards a foreigner or outsiders and provide help to them if they needed it. John distinguishes between offering hospitality towards a well-meaning guest and giving help to a false teacher who opposes the Christian faith. + +#### Who were the people John spoke against? #### + +It is possible that the people John spoke against were those who would eventually become known as "Gnostics." These people believed that Jesus was completely God but that he was not really a human with a physical body on earth. They believed this because they viewed the physical world as evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/01.md b/2ki/01/01.md index 8f819ae5d4..3eaf510c8e 100644 --- a/2ki/01/01.md +++ b/2ki/01/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the lattice in his upper chamber ## +# Moab -AT: "the wooden boards around the flat roof of his palace" +"The country of Moab" -## in Samaria ## +# the lattice in his upper chamber -Samaria was the capital city of Israel. AT "in his palace in his capital city of Samaria" +The upper room was built on the roof of the palace. The lattice was made of thin boards decoratively crossed over one another to form a balcony or window covering. AT: "the wooden boards around the flat roof of his palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Baal Zebub ## +# Baal-Zebub (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/03.md b/2ki/01/03.md index 607a54ad7a..9791062b41 100644 --- a/2ki/01/03.md +++ b/2ki/01/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## the Tishbite ## +# Yahweh -AT: "who was from the city of Tishbe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -## Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are going to consult with Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron? ## +# the Tishbite -AT: "You must not think there is a God in Israel since you are going to get advice from Baal Zebub" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This refers to someone from the city of Tishbe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## consult with Baal Zebub ## +# Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are going to consult with Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron? -The word "consult" means to get the opinion of someone about a question. King Ahaziah wanted to ask Baal Zebub if he would get better. +This rhetorical question is asked as a rebuke for consulting Baal-Zebub. This may be written as a statement. This is irony because they are definitely aware of the God of Israel. AT: "You fools! You know there is a God in Israel, but you were acting as though you did not know when you sent men to consult Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## You will not come down from the bed to where you have gone up ## +# consult with Baal-Zebub -When King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. Instead he will surely die. \ No newline at end of file +The word "consult" means to get the opinion of someone about a question. + +# Therefore Yahweh says + +This is Yahweh's message to King Ahaziah. AT: "Therefore Yahweh says to King Ahaziah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You will not come down from the bed to where you have gone up + +When King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. AT: "You will not recover and you will not get up from the bed on which you are lying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/05.md b/2ki/01/05.md index c02d558e66..0021e7b5d9 100644 --- a/2ki/01/05.md +++ b/2ki/01/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## When the messengers returned to Ahaziah ## +# When the messengers returned to Ahaziah -AT "So Elijah went to meet the messengers and told that to them, and they returned to the king instead of going to Ekron.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])" +After meeting with Elijah, the messengers returned to the king instead of going to Ekron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Is it because there is no God in Israel ... Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron?" ## +# Is it because there is no God in Israel that you sent men to consult with Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron? -Sharing this remark in the form of a question puts emphasis on the folly of going to Baal Zebub. AT: "I suppose you sent men to see Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron, because there is no God in Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question is asked as a rebuke for consulting Baal-Zebub. This may be written as a statement. This is irony because they are definitely aware of the God of Israel. See how you translated a similar question in [2 Kings 3:3](./03.md). AT: "You fools! You know there is a God in Israel, but you were acting as though you did not know when you sent men to consult Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you will not come down from the bed to which you have gone up + +When King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. See how you translated this statement in [2 Kings 3:4](./03.md). AT: "you will not recover and you will not get up from the bed on which you are lying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/07.md b/2ki/01/07.md index a6064e087b..e5066f10b7 100644 --- a/2ki/01/07.md +++ b/2ki/01/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## he wore a garment made of hair ## +# He wore a garment made of hair -1. "He was very hairy" or 2."his clothes were made from animal hair" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor that speaks of him being very hairy as if his hair were a garment. AT: "He was very hairy" or 2) "His clothes were made from animal hair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/09.md b/2ki/01/09.md index f7df842f38..9f0c49d550 100644 --- a/2ki/01/09.md +++ b/2ki/01/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to Elijah ## +# Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to Elijah -The king sent the leader of the army with fifty men to bring Elijah back to him. +The king sent the leader of the army with fifty men to bring Elijah back to him. AT: "Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to seize Elijah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## heaven ## +# fifty soldiers -"the sky" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"50 soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven + +The captain had called Elijah a man of God, but the captain and the king did not show Elijah proper respect. Elijah said this so that fire would come down from heaven, and this would prove that Elijah really was a man of God and he deserved their respect. AT: "Since I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven" or "If I am a man of God as you have said, let fire come down from heaven" + +# heaven + +"the sky" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/11.md b/2ki/01/11.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cd4bb6b89d --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/01/11.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# fifty soldiers + +"50 soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven + +The captain had called Elijah a man of God, but the captain and the king did not show Elijah proper respect. Elijah said this so that fire would come down from heaven, and this would prove that Elijah really was a man of God and he deserved their respect. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 1:10](./09.md). AT: "Since I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven" or "If I am a man of God as you have said, let fire come down from heaven" + +# fire of God + +This means that the fire came from God. AT: "fire from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/13.md b/2ki/01/13.md index 7899f34b42..21eb607d8e 100644 --- a/2ki/01/13.md +++ b/2ki/01/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## implored him ## +# fifty warriors + +"50 warriors" or "50 soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# implored him "begged him" -## these fifty servants of yours ## +# these fifty servants of yours -AT "my fifty soldiers" (UDB) +The captain says that his servants are Elijah's servants to show him honor. AT "my fifty soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## be precious in your sight ## +# let my life and the life of ... be precious in your sight -AT: "be of worth to you" or "be spared from death"; The captain is asking Elijah to be kind and spare his life and the lives of the fifty men. \ No newline at end of file +Here Elijah's "sight" represents him judgement or evaluation. The captain is pleading with Elijah to let them live. AT: "please consider my life and the life of ... as precious to you" or "consider my life and the life of ... to be of worth to you and do not kill us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let my life be precious in your sight + +Here Elijah's "sight" represents him judgement or evaluation. The captain is repeating his request for Elijah to show kindness to him and let him live. AT: "please be kind to me!" or "please allow me to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/15.md b/2ki/01/15.md index 87f86dcf55..931b8e1c15 100644 --- a/2ki/01/15.md +++ b/2ki/01/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Is it because there is no God in Israel from whom you can ask for information? ## +# Is it because there is no God in Israel from whom you can ask for information? -AT: "You acted as though there is no God in Israel to consult." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question is asked as a rebuke for consulting Baal-Zebub. This may be written as a statement. This is irony because the king is definitely aware of the God of Israel. AT: "You must think there is no God in Israel whom you may ask for information!" or "You fool! You know there is a God in Israel to consult, but you acted as if you did not know." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## So now, you will not come down from the bed where you have gone up ## +# you will not come down from the bed where you have gone up -AT "So you will not recover from being injured" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +When King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. See how you translated this statement in [2 Kings 3:4](./03.md). AT: "you will not recover and you will not get up from the bed where you are lying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/17.md b/2ki/01/17.md index 46e50690d4..e6a99ddd38 100644 --- a/2ki/01/17.md +++ b/2ki/01/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## according to the word of Yahweh that Elijah had spoken ## +# the word of Yahweh that Elijah had spoken -AT "just as Elijah had prophesied" +"what Yahweh had told Elijah that Elijah had spoken" -## are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel? ## +# second year -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"2nd year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# in the second year of Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah + +This describes the time that Joram began to reign by stating how long the current king of Judah had reigned. AT: "in the second year that Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# are they not written ... Israel? + +This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. AT: "they are written ... Israel." or "someone has written about them in ... Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/01/intro.md b/2ki/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aa2c75a61f --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# 2 Kings 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +2 Kings is a continuation of 1 Kings. + +The story of Elijah continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's sovereignty ##### +God is in control of the future. King Ahaziah sent messengers to ask the Philistine god if he would recover from his fall, but this god does not know the future. Because he asked another god instead of Yahweh, Elijah sent the messengers to tell Ahaziah that he would not recover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical question ##### +Elijah rebuked the king with a rhetorical question: "Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are going to consult with Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[2 Kings intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/01.md b/2ki/02/01.md index ab92d3d018..593c552c72 100644 --- a/2ki/02/01.md +++ b/2ki/02/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## So it came about ## +# So it came about -"So it happened" +"So it happened." This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## by a whirlwind ## +# a whirlwind -AT: "by a strong wind that was spinning around and around" +a strong wind that spins around and around -## Elisha replied, "As Yahweh lives, and as you live, I will not leave you. ## +# As Yahweh lives, and as you live -AT "Elisha said to Elijah "I solemnly promise you that I will not leave you."" \ No newline at end of file +"As surely as Yahweh lives and as you live." Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh and Elijah are alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly promise you that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/03.md b/2ki/02/03.md index 0e2e3d430d..ca0c252423 100644 --- a/2ki/02/03.md +++ b/2ki/02/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## The sons of the prophets ## +# The sons of the prophets -AT: "A group of men who were prophets" +This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. AT: "A group of men who were prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## "As Yahweh lives, and as you live, I will not leave you." ## +# As Yahweh lives, and as you live, I will not leave you -AT ""As I said before, I promise I will not leave you."" \ No newline at end of file +"As surely as Yahweh lives and as you live, I will not leave you." Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh and Elijah are alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:2](./01.md). AT: "I solemnly promise you that I will not leave you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/05.md b/2ki/02/05.md index 3d455e44bc..4b6dc65dda 100644 --- a/2ki/02/05.md +++ b/2ki/02/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Then the sons of the prophets who were at Jericho came to Elisha and said to him - ## +# Then the sons of the prophets who were at Jericho came to Elisha and said to him -** AT: "When Elijah and Elisha came near Jericho, a group of men who were prophets from there said to Elisha" \ No newline at end of file +"When Elijah and Elisha came near Jericho, the sons of the prophets who were from there said to Elisha" + +# the sons of the prophets + +This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](./03.md). AT: "the group of men who were prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# As Yahweh lives, and as you live, I will not leave you + +"As surely as Yahweh lives and as you live, I will not leave you." Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh and Elijah are alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:2](./01.md). AT: "I solemnly promise you that I will not leave you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/07.md b/2ki/02/07.md index e537ee0d91..fcf9348a63 100644 --- a/2ki/02/07.md +++ b/2ki/02/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## stood opposite them ## +# fifty of the sons -AT: "a short distance from them" +"50 of the sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## cloak ## +# the sons of the prophets + +This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](./03.md). AT: "the group of men who were prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# stood opposite them + +This means that they were standing, facing them. AT: "stood facing them" or "stood watching them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# cloak outer piece of clothing used as a covering -## The river divided on both sides so that the two of them walked over on dry ground ## +# The river divided on both sides so that the two of them walked over on dry ground -AT: "The water of the Jordan River opened up so there was a dry path for Elijah and Elisha to cross over to the other side" \ No newline at end of file +"The water of the Jordan River opened up so there was a dry path for Elijah and Elisha to cross over to the other side" + +# on both sides + +"to the right and the left." This refers to the right and the left of where Elijah struck the water. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/09.md b/2ki/02/09.md index 8504c3dd6e..645161042d 100644 --- a/2ki/02/09.md +++ b/2ki/02/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## It came about ## +# It came about "it happened" -## crossed over ## +# crossed over -"crossed over the Jordan River" +This refers to crossing the Jordan River. AT: "crossed over the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## a double portion of your spirit ## +# before I am taken from you -AT: "twice as much of your spiritual power" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "before Yahweh takes me from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a double portion of your spirit + +Here Elijah's spirit refers to his spiritual power. AT: "twice as much of your spiritual power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/11.md b/2ki/02/11.md index 6429350cec..37e0d8bcd4 100644 --- a/2ki/02/11.md +++ b/2ki/02/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## behold ## +# behold -"Behold" is a word that is used to show surprise or wonder. +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## went up by a whirlwind into heaven ## +# a chariot of fire and horses of fire -"was carried into the sky by a strong wind that went around and around" +Here the phrase "of fire" means that these were surround by fire. AT: "a chariot surrounded by fire pulled by horses surrounded by fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) -## "My father, my father ## +# went up by a whirlwind into heaven + +"was carried into the sky by a whirlwind." Translate the word "whirlwind" the same as you did in [2 Kings 2:1](./01.md). + +# My father, my father Elisha is calling Elijah his respected leader. -## tore them into two pieces ## +# tore them into two pieces -AT: "ripped them in two pieces to show his great sadness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +People would often tear their clothes as a sign of great sadness or grief. AT: "ripped them in two pieces to show his great sadness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/13.md b/2ki/02/13.md index 643f2f7bcc..5b4c74c660 100644 --- a/2ki/02/13.md +++ b/2ki/02/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## cloak ## +# cloak The cloak was the otter clothing of a prophet. It was the sign of his job. When Elisha took Elijah's cloak he was saying he was taking Elijah's place as prophet. -## Where is Yahweh, the God of Elijah? ## +# Where is Yahweh, the God of Elijah? -AT: "Yahweh, the God of Elijah, are you here with me?" +Elisha is asking if Yahweh is with him as he was with Elijah. AT: "Yahweh, the God of Elijah, are you here with me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they divided on both sides and Elisha crossed over ## +# they divided on both sides and Elisha crossed over -Like before with Elijah, the river separated and Elisha walked to the other side on dry ground. \ No newline at end of file +The river separated and Elisha walked to the other side on dry ground, the same way he did previously when he was with Elijah. + +# on both sides + +"to the right and the left." This refers to the right and the left of where Elijah struck the water. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/15.md b/2ki/02/15.md index dc75bbef17..bf77e216d5 100644 --- a/2ki/02/15.md +++ b/2ki/02/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## bowed themselves to the ground before him ## +# the sons of the prophets + +This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](./03.md). AT: "the group of prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# bowed themselves to the ground before him They are showing him deep respect and acknowledging him as their new leader. -## The spirit of Elijah does rest on Elisha! ## +# The spirit of Elijah does rest on Elisha -AT: "Elisha does have the same spiritual power that Elijah did!" or "The spiritual power Elijah had is now with Elisha!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here Elijah's "spirit" refers to his spiritual power. This speaks of Elisha having this spiritual power as if it were something that physically rested upon him. AT: "Elisha does have the same spiritual power that Elijah did" or "The spiritual power Elijah had is now with Elisha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in case the Spirit of Yahweh has taken him up and thrown him onto some mountain or into some valley ## +# See now, among your servants there are fifty strong men. Let them go -The sons of the prophets did not know for sure if Yahweh had taken Elijah to heaven or to another place, like a mountain or valley. \ No newline at end of file +These men are referring to themselves when they say "fifty strong men." AT: "See now, we are fifty strong men and we are now your servants. Let us go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# fifty strong men + +"50 strong men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/17.md b/2ki/02/17.md index 3678eba2e6..6ae67ac841 100644 --- a/2ki/02/17.md +++ b/2ki/02/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## urged Elisha until he was ashamed ## +# But when they urged Elisha until he was ashamed -The sons of the prophets kept asking Elisha until he felt bad about saying no. +The sons of the prophets kept asking Elisha until he felt bad about saying "no." AT: "They kept asking Elisha until he felt bad for denying their request, so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Did I not say to you, 'Do not go'? ## +# Did I not say to you, 'Do not go'? -AT: "I told you that you should not go, because you would not find him!" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he had told them previously what would happen. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I told you that you should not go, because you would not find him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/19.md b/2ki/02/19.md index 5e8840e337..b795e2e0d5 100644 --- a/2ki/02/19.md +++ b/2ki/02/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## men of the city ## +# The men of the city -AT: "the leaders of the city" +"The leaders of the city" -## the situation of this city is pleasant ## +# the situation of this city is pleasant -AT: "this city is in a good place" or "this city is in a good location" +This means that the city is located in a good place. AT: "this city is in a good place" or "this city is in a good location" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## as my master can see ## +# as my master can see -AT "as you can see" +The men refer to Elisha here as "my master" to honor him. -## fruitful ## +# fruitful "producing good crops" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/21.md b/2ki/02/21.md index 0a0605c568..a4df191293 100644 --- a/2ki/02/21.md +++ b/2ki/02/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## healed these waters ## +# healed these waters -Yahweh made the water become good and pure again. +This speaks of Yahweh making the bad water pure as if he healed it. AT: "made the waters pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## there will be no more death or unfruitful land ## +# there will be no more death or unfruitful land -AT: "there will be no more death or problems with crops caused by this water": or "this water will not cause death or crop failure any more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to things caused by the bad water. This also can be written in positive form. AT: "there will be no more death or problems with crops caused by this water" or "from now on this water will bring life and help the land become fruitful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# the waters were healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the waters have remained pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to this day, ... spoke + +This means that something remains in a certain condition until the present time. AT: "by the word which Elisha spoke, and have always remained pure since" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/23.md b/2ki/02/23.md index 81aa33fe6e..e299a89187 100644 --- a/2ki/02/23.md +++ b/2ki/02/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Go up ## +# went up from there to Bethel - \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "went up" is used her because Bethel is higher in elevation than Jericho. + +# Go up + +The young boys wanted Elisha to go away from them and expressed this by saying "go up." AT: "Go away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# baldhead + +A bald person does not have any hair on their head. The young boys were mocking Elisha for having a bald head. + +# forty-two of the boys + +"42 of the boys" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/02/intro.md b/2ki/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ae49937d82 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 2 Kings 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter ends the story of Elijah and begins the story of Elisha. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +Elisha replaces Elijah as the chief prophet of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/01.md b/2ki/03/01.md index afdb72c9b2..4f24e25378 100644 --- a/2ki/03/01.md +++ b/2ki/03/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## He did evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# in the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah -AT: "He did things that Yahweh said were evil"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This describes the time that Joram began to reign by stating how long the current king of Judah had reigned. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "in the eighteenth year that Jehoshaphat was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he held on to the sins ## +# the eighteenth year -AT: "he continued to commit the sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"the 18th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## He did not leave from them ## +# Joram son of Ahab -AT: "He did not stop doing them" \ No newline at end of file +Sometimes this man is referred to as "Jehoram." This is not the same person as the man mentioned in [2 Kings 1:17](../01/17.md) named "Jehoram." + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +Here "sight" refers to Yahweh's thoughts or opinion. AT: "what Yahweh considers to be evil" or "what is evil in Yahweh's judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but not like his father and his mother + +This compares how much evil he did to being less that the amount that his parents did. AT: "but he did not do as much evil as his father and mother had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the sacred stone pillar of Baal + +This pillar was used in the worship of Baal, though it is unknown what the pillar looked like. AT: "the sacred stone pillar for worshiping Baal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) + +# he held on to the sins + +This is an idiom. Here "holding on" to something means to continue doing it. AT: "he continued to commit the sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Nebat + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he did not turn away from them + +"Turning away" from something is an idiom which means to stop doing it. AT: "he did not stop committing those sins" or "he continued committing those sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/04.md b/2ki/03/04.md index b56eae69b8..ece4a0bd46 100644 --- a/2ki/03/04.md +++ b/2ki/03/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He had to give to the king of Israel ## +# He had to give to the king of Israel 100,000 lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams -"Every year he was forced to give ... to the king of Israel" (UDB); Mesha had to give these things to the king of Israel because his kingdom was controlled by the king of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Mesha had to give these things to the king of Israel because his kingdom was controlled by the king of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Every year he was forced to give 100,000 lambs and the wool from 100,000 rams to the king of Israel, because his kingdom was controlled by the king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to mobilize all Israel for war ## +# 100,000 lambs ... 100,000 rams -AT: "to prepare the people of Israel for war" or "to get the people of Israel ready to go to war" \ No newline at end of file +"one hundred thousand lambs ... one hundred thousand rams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to mobilize all Israel for war + +"to prepare the people of Israel for war." Here "all Israel" refers to all of the Israelite soldiers. AT: "to mobilize all of the Israelite soldiers for war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/07.md b/2ki/03/07.md index 4c8fc9ae72..b50ee029c5 100644 --- a/2ki/03/07.md +++ b/2ki/03/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + King Joram continues speaking to King Jehoshaphat. -## Will you go with me against Moab to battle? ## +# Will you go with me against Moab to battle? -Here "Moab" stands for "the army." AT: "Will you go with me to fight against the army of Moab?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "you" refers to Jehoshaphat, but refers to both him and his army. Here "Moab" stands for "the army of Moab." AT: "Will you and your army go with me to fight against the army of Moab?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## I will go ## +# I will go -Jehoshaphat is saying that he and his entire army will fight with King Joram against Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jehoshaphat is saying that he and his entire army will fight with King Joram against Moab. AT: "We will go with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## I am as you are, my people as your people, my horses as your horses ## +# I am as you are, my people as your people, my horses as your horses -Jehoshaphat is letting Joram use all of his people and horses as if they were his own. +Jehoshaphat is letting Joram use himself, his people, and his horses for his purposes. He speaks of this as if they belonged to Joram. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "We are ready to do whatever you want us to. My soldiers and my horses are ready to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## By way of the wilderness of Edom ## +# By way of the wilderness of Edom -To get to Moab from where they were, they would go through Jerusalem and around the southern end of the Dead Sea and into Edom. \ No newline at end of file +"By going through the wilderness of Edom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/09.md b/2ki/03/09.md index 8fa7e954a4..66a811d2c0 100644 --- a/2ki/03/09.md +++ b/2ki/03/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## marched in a semicircle ## +# the kings of Israel, Judah, and Edom -This describes the indirect way they traveled as mentioned in [2 Kings 3:7](./07.md). +This refers to the kings accompanied by their armies. AT: "the kings of Israel, Judah, and Edom and their armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## What is this? Has Yahweh called three kings together so Moab will defeat us? ## +# marched in a semicircle -The kings remarks here are put into the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "It looks like Yahweh will allow all three of us to be captured by Moab!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This describes the indirect way they traveled as mentioned in [2 Kings 3:08](./07.md). -## so Moab will defeat us ## +# semicircle -AT: "so the army of Moab will defeat us"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +An arc that is shaped like half a circle. + +# There was no water found + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They found no water" or "They did not find any water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# What is this? Has Yahweh called three kings to give them into the hand of Moab? + +The king uses a rhetorical question to emphasize how ridiculous and terrible their situation is. This can be written as a statement. AT: "It looks like Yahweh will allow all three of us to be captured by Moab!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to give them into the hand of Moab + +Here "Moab" refers to its army. Also, "the hand of Moab" refers to the "control" of Moab's army. AT: "to give us over to Moab's control" or "so the army of Moab will defeat us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/11.md b/2ki/03/11.md index 6b0b19f638..6db49f168e 100644 --- a/2ki/03/11.md +++ b/2ki/03/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## who poured water on the hands of Elijah ## +# Is there not here a prophet of Yahweh, that we may consult Yahweh by him? -AT: "who was a helper to Elijah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Jehoshaphat uses a rhetorical question here to state that he is certain that there is a prophet there and to find out where he is. This may be written as a statement. AT: "I am sure there is a prophet of Yahweh here! Tell me where one is, so we may consult Yahweh by him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## went down to him ## +# Shaphat -AT: "went to see Elisha to ask him what they should do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# who poured water on the hands of Elijah + +This idiom means that he was Elijah's helper. The phrase "poured water on the hands" is a description of one of the ways he served Elijah. AT: "who was a helper to Elijah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The word of Yahweh is with him + +This means that he is a prophet and that Yahweh tells him what to say. AT: "He speaks what Yahweh tells him to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# went down to him + +They went to see Elijah and to consult with him about what they should do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "went to see Elisha to ask him what they should do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/13.md b/2ki/03/13.md index b797bb70ef..1fa2b299d1 100644 --- a/2ki/03/13.md +++ b/2ki/03/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## What have I to do with you? ## +# What have I to do with you? -AT: "I have nothing to do with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he and the king have nothing in common. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I have nothing to do with you." or "I have nothing in common with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## As Yahweh of hosts lives ## +# to give them into the hand of Moab -"As I know that Yahweh of hosts lives" +Here the "hand of Moab" refers the Moab's "control." AT: "to give them over to the control of Moab" or "to allow them to be captured by the Moabite army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## before whom I stand ## +# As Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, surely -AT: "and I am ready to serve him" +"As I know that Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, surely." Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh is alive to the certainty that, if it were not for Jehoshaphat being there, he would not pay attention to Joram. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "As surely as Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, I promise you, if it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## I honor the presence of Jehoshaphat ## +# before whom I stand -Elijah respects the man, King Jehoshaphat, not just that he is present. +Here serving Yahweh is spoken of as standing in his presence. AT: "whom I serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I would not pay any attention to you, or even look at you ## +# were it not for the fact that I honor the presence of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, I would not pay any attention to you -Elisha is making a strong statement, making it clear that he did not want to be involved. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be written in positive form. AT: "I pay attention to you only because I honor the presence of Jehoshaphat king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# I honor the presence of Jehoshaphat + +Here Jehoshaphat is referred to by his presence. AT: "I honor Jehoshaphat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I would not pay any attention to you, or even look at you + +These two phrases have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize that he would not pay any attention to Joram. AT: "I would not have anything at all to do with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/15.md b/2ki/03/15.md index 658e7e3f40..3c93912acb 100644 --- a/2ki/03/15.md +++ b/2ki/03/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## harpist ## +# Then it came to pass -A harpist is someone who plays the harp. +"And it happened that" -## hand of Yahweh ## +# harpist -Here "​hand"​ is used to represent power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +someone who plays the harp -## full of trenches ## +# the hand of Yahweh came upon Elisha -A trench is a long ditch that workers dig in the ground, where water can collect. \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh's "hand" refers to his "power." AT: "the power of Yahweh came upon Elisha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# trenches + +A trench is a long ditch that workers dig in the ground to collect water. + +# this river valley will be filled with water + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will fill this river valley with water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will drink + +This refers to drinking the water that Yahweh provides. AT: "you will drink the water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/18.md b/2ki/03/18.md index ffac433947..77859cbf56 100644 --- a/2ki/03/18.md +++ b/2ki/03/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## This is an easy thing ## +# This is an easy thing in the sight of Yahweh -This would remind the people that if it is easy for Yahweh to make water appear, he would also help them defeat the Moabites. +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "Yahweh considers this as an easy thing to do" or "This is an easy thing for Yahweh to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the sight of Yahweh ## +# fortified city -AT: "for Yahweh to do" (UDB); (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +A fortified city is well protected from enemies by such things as high walls or a easily defensible location. -## fortified city ## +# ruin every good piece of land with rocks -A fortified city is well protected from enemies, by using things such as high walls or good locations. \ No newline at end of file +This means to put rocks on the fertile land so that it is difficult to use. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "ruin every good piece of land by covering them with rocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/20.md b/2ki/03/20.md index 02a2dc1938..ed80c19592 100644 --- a/2ki/03/20.md +++ b/2ki/03/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## country ## +# there came water + +"water began flowing" + +# the country was filled with water + +"and soon the country became filled with water" + +# country "land" or "ground" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/21.md b/2ki/03/21.md index 17a38c040a..758aba9dea 100644 --- a/2ki/03/21.md +++ b/2ki/03/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## all who were able to put on armor ## +# Now -AT: "all the men who could fight";​ Here "​armor"​ represents ability to fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells background information about the Moabite army preparing to meet the three kings and their armies in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## The kings ## +# all who were able to put on armor -AT: "The kings and their armies"; Here "the kings" represent their armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "armor" represents ability to fight. AT: "all the men who could fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## it looked as red as blood ## +# the kings had come -AT: "it was red like blood"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here the word "kings" refers to both the kings and their armies. AT: "the kings had come with their armies" or "the kings and their armies had come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## plunder them ## +# it looked as red as blood -"steal their belongings"; After an army defeated their enemies, they would often plunder their towns by stealing whatever was left of value. \ No newline at end of file +This compares the red appearance of the water to the color of blood. AT: "it was red like blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# So now, Moab + +The soldiers are referring to themselves here as "Moab." AT: "soldiers of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# plunder them + +"steal their belongings." After an army defeated their enemies, they would often plunder their towns by stealing whatever was left of value. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/24.md b/2ki/03/24.md index a21acbf60f..38337bd4f9 100644 --- a/2ki/03/24.md +++ b/2ki/03/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## camp of Israel ## +# camp of Israel -AT: "the area where the Israelite soldiers had set up their tents" (UDB); (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "Israel" refers only to the Israelite soldiers and not to the whole nation of Israel. AT: "the area where the Israelite soldiers had set up their tents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## fled before them ## +# the Israelites surprised + +Here "Israelites" refers only to the Israelite soldiers and not to the whole nation of Israel. AT: "the Israelite soldiers surprised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# fled before them "ran away from them" -## The army of Israel drove the Moabites across the land ## +# Kir Hareseth -The Moabite army ran away from the army of Israel, and the army of Israel chased them. +This is the capital of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Kir Hareseth ## +# was left with its rocks in place -This is the capital of Moab. The name may mean "city of the sun" or "new city." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The walls and buildings of the city were made of stones. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "still had its stone walls and buildings in place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## where they left the rocks in place ## +# with slings -The walls and buildings of the city were made of stones. \ No newline at end of file +A "sling" is piece of animal skin with long cords at both ends in which a person can put a stone or other small, hard object and throw it a long distance. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/26.md b/2ki/03/26.md index d26092edd9..6f42f78ab1 100644 --- a/2ki/03/26.md +++ b/2ki/03/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## swordsmen ## +# King Mesha -"soldiers who fought using swords"; A sword is a flat-bladed metal weapon used to cut or stab. +Translate the name of this king the same as you did in [2 Kings 3:4](./04.md). -## break through ## +# that the battle was lost -King Mesha wanted to go through the Israelite army with his men to go ask the King of Edom and his army for their help in the battle. ​ +"that his army was being defeated" -## offered him as a burnt offering ## +# seven hundred swordsmen -King Mesha burned his son with fire until he died. He did this as an offering to the false god of Moab, Chemosh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"700 swordsmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# swordsmen + +soldiers who fight with swords + +# break through + +"force their way through." There were many soldiers fighting on the battlefield which made it difficult to move though the crowd. + +# offered him as a burnt offering + +King Mesha burned his son with fire until he died. He did this as an offering to Chemosh, the false god of Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# So there was great anger against Israel + +Here the word "anger" can be expressed as a verb. There are two possibilities for who is angry here: 1) The Moabite soldiers. AT: "So the Moabite soldiers were very angry with Israel" or 2) God. AT: "So God was very angry with Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/03/intro.md b/2ki/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..68e86c2f1f --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# 2 Kings 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Elisha continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Victory and defeat ##### +God is in control of victory and defeat. The armies of Israel, Judah and Edom united to attack Moab from the desert for failure to pay tribute. When they ran out of water, they were in desperate condition. Therefore, they asked Elisha (the prophet of God) what to do and he said God would give them water and victory over Moab. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### + +They described Elisha with the idiom, "who poured water on the hands of Elijah," meaning "who served Elijah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Anger ##### +It is said that, "Anger came on Israel." It is not clear who was angry or why they were angry. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/01.md b/2ki/04/01.md index 5a9ba115c4..39d18a8b4a 100644 --- a/2ki/04/01.md +++ b/2ki/04/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## the wife of one of the sons of the prophets ## +# the sons of the prophets -"a woman who had been married to one of the prophets"​ +This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). AT: "the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Your servant my husband ## +# Your servant my husband -"My husband, who was your servant"​ +"My husband, who was your servant" -## creditor ## +# creditor -A creditor is a person who lends other people money. +person who lends other people money -## Your servant has nothing ## +# Your servant has nothing -The woman is referring to herself as Elisha's servant. AT: "I have nothing" +The woman refers to herself as Elisha's servant to show him honor. -## except a pot of oil ## +# nothing in the house, except a pot of oil -The only valuable thing she had was a jar of oil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an exaggeration. The only valuable thing she had was a jar of oil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/03.md b/2ki/04/03.md index b9cdcbedf4..6e82dc67f6 100644 --- a/2ki/04/03.md +++ b/2ki/04/03.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# you must go inside + +This means to go inside their house. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "you must go inside your house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/05.md b/2ki/04/05.md index a7a93afcf9..f34a44fe7e 100644 --- a/2ki/04/05.md +++ b/2ki/04/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## So she left Elisha and shut the door behind her ## +# the vessels -This implies she did what Elisha told her to do in the previous verse (see UDB). It was important to know that she did exactly what Elisha said to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the jars" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/07.md b/2ki/04/07.md index 7fb3e5b3f0..003ea69371 100644 --- a/2ki/04/07.md +++ b/2ki/04/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the man of God ## +# the man of God -"​Elisha"​ +This refers to Elisha. AT: "Elisha, the man of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## live with your sons on the rest ## +# live with your sons on the rest -AT: "use the rest of the money for you and your sons for what you need to live." \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. It means to use the money to buy the things that they need, such as food and clothing. AT: "use the rest of the money for you and your sons for what you need to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/08.md b/2ki/04/08.md index 851556a4a6..2ade385366 100644 --- a/2ki/04/08.md +++ b/2ki/04/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## she urged him to eat food with her ## +# Shunem -AT: "she asked him to come to her house to have a meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## passed by ## +# she urged him to eat food with her + +This means that she asked him to stop and have a meal at her house. AT: "she asked him to come to her house to have a meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# passed by "traveled through Shunem" -## See, now I realize ## +# See, now I realize "Now I understand" -## who is always passing by ## +# who is always passing by "who travels by regularly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/10.md b/2ki/04/10.md index dee6d50183..7cb8f039ac 100644 --- a/2ki/04/10.md +++ b/2ki/04/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + The important woman continues talking to her husband about Elisha. -## Let us ## +# Let us -Here "us" refers to the important woman (from verse 8) and her husband. \ No newline at end of file +Here "us" refers to the important woman and her husband. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/12.md b/2ki/04/12.md index 35c78c6982..23605adee4 100644 --- a/2ki/04/12.md +++ b/2ki/04/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Gehazi ## +# Gehazi -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Call this Shunammite ## +# Call this Shunammite -Shunammite refers to the woman from Shunem that Elisha was staying with. +"Call the Shunammite woman." This refers to the woman from Shunem that Elisha was staying with. -## You have gone to all this trouble to care for us. What can be done for you? ## +# You have gone to all this trouble to care for us -AT: "You have shown much kindness and concern for us. What can we do for you?" +The phrase "gone to all this trouble" is an idiom that means to make great effort to do something. AT: "You have made a great effort to care for us" or "You have worked very hard to take care of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I live among my own people ## +# What can be done for you -AT: "I live surrounded by my family, and because they take care of me, I have no needs." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "What can we do for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Can we speak for you + +Here Elisha is asking if she would like for him to speak to the king or army commander to make a request for her. The implicit meaning of this question can be made explicit. AT: "Can we make a request for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I live among my own people + +The woman is implying that she does not need anything because her family cares for her needs. AT: "I live surrounded by my family, and because they take care of me, I have no needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/14.md b/2ki/04/14.md index 81a69c8b73..c598b900eb 100644 --- a/2ki/04/14.md +++ b/2ki/04/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Call her ## +# Call her -AT: "Ask her to come to see me." +"Ask her to come to see me" -## When he had called her ## +# When he had called her -"When Gehazi had called her," +"When Gehazi had called her" -## you will be holding a son ## +# the door -"You will have a son." \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the doorway. AT: "the doorway" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a son + +"your son" + +# my master and man of God + +The woman uses both of these names to refer to Elisha. + +# your servant + +The woman refers to herself as Elisha's servant to show him honor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/17.md b/2ki/04/17.md index d5b3cfa9c7..58c2f67bc3 100644 --- a/2ki/04/17.md +++ b/2ki/04/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## at the same time in the following year ## +# at the same time in the following year "during the same season the next year" -## When the child had grown ## +# When the child had grown -"When the child was older"​ +"When the child was older" -## the child sat on her knees until noon and then died ## +# My head, my head -AT: "she held him on her lap until noon and then he died"​ \ No newline at end of file +The child said this because his head hurt. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "My head hurts! My head hurts!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the child sat on her knees until noon and then died + +Here the woman's knees refer to her lap. She held her son in her lap until he died. AT: "she held him on her lap until noon and then he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/21.md b/2ki/04/21.md index 966d8b57d8..58ad60b617 100644 --- a/2ki/04/21.md +++ b/2ki/04/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## on the bed of the man of God ## +# on the bed of the man of God -This was the bed in the room she had prepared for Elisha when he traveled through Shunem. +This was the bed in the room she had prepared for Elisha when he traveled through Shunem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the man of God ## +# the man of God -"​Elisha"​ +"Elisha, the man of God" -## that I may hurry to the man of God and then come back ## +# that I may hurry to the man of God and then come back -The woman told her husband she was going to see Elisha but she did not say that she was going because their son had died. \ No newline at end of file +The woman told her husband she was going to see Elisha but she did not say that she was going because their son had died. A sentence may be added to give the implicit information as in the UDB. AT: "that I may hurry to the man of God and then come back.' But she did not tell her husband that their son had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/23.md b/2ki/04/23.md index f031abdbaf..5eb30d2f0a 100644 --- a/2ki/04/23.md +++ b/2ki/04/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Why do you want to go to him today? ## +# It will be all right -The husband does not know of any reason why she would want to go see Elisha on that day. +The woman states this, knowing this will be the case if her husband does as she requests. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Everything will be all right if you do as I ask" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## It is not a new moon nor sabbath ## +# she saddled a donkey -AT: "There is nothing special about today that would be a reason for you to go see Elisha the prophet."​ - -## It will be all right ## - -AT: "Everything will be all right if you do as I ask." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) \ No newline at end of file +The woman did not saddle the donkey, rather the servant would have saddled it for her. AT: "she had her servant saddle a donkey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/25.md b/2ki/04/25.md index c84a714ce7..3ca0f46fed 100644 --- a/2ki/04/25.md +++ b/2ki/04/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## So she went and came to the man of God at Mount Carmel ## +# So she went and came to the man of God at Mount Carmel "So she traveled toward Mount Carmel where Elisha, the man of God, was" -## So when the man of God saw her in the distance, he said to Gehazi ## +# So when the man of God saw her in the distance -AT: "While she was still far off, and Elisha saw her coming, he said to Gehazi" +"While she was still far off, and Elisha saw her coming" -## Shunammite woman ## +# It is alright -the woman from Shunem - -## It is alright ## - -"It is well" or "Yes, everything is fine" (UDB). The woman did not say that her son was dead. \ No newline at end of file +"It is well" or "Yes, everything is fine" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/27.md b/2ki/04/27.md index a98c3c719c..f037a968a8 100644 --- a/2ki/04/27.md +++ b/2ki/04/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## When she came to the man of God at the mountain ## +# the mountain -AT: "When the woman from Shunem arrived at Mount Carmel where Elisha was" +"Mount Carmel" -## she caught hold of his feet ## +# she caught hold of his feet -AT: "she dropped down on the ground in front of him and put her hands around his feet." +This implies that she knelt or laid on the ground in front of him and grabbed his feet. AT: "she dropped down on the ground in front of him and put her hands around his feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Yahweh has hidden the problem from me, and has told me nothing ## +# Yahweh has hidden the problem from me, and has told me nothing Elisha can see that the woman is upset but Yahweh has not revealed to him the cause of her problem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/28.md b/2ki/04/28.md index cfbee3b3a9..d6cdc3617d 100644 --- a/2ki/04/28.md +++ b/2ki/04/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## Did I ask you for a son, my master? ## +# Did I ask you for a son, my master? Did I not say, 'Do not deceive me'? -AT: "I did not ask you to give me a son." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The woman uses these rhetorical questions to show that she is upset about what has happened. She is speaking about her conversation with Elisha when he told her that she was going to have a son. These questions may be written as a statement. AT: "I did not ask you to give me a son, but I did ask you not to lie to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Did I not say, 'Do not deceive me'? ## +# Dress for travel -AT: "I said, 'Do not lie to me'" or "I said,'Tell me the truth.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +"Get ready to travel" -## Dress for travel and take my staff in your hand ## +# If you meet any man, do not greet him, and if anyone greets you, do not answer him -AT: "Get ready to travel and take my staff with you."​ - -## If you meet any man, do not greet him, and if anyone greets you, do not answer him ## - -Elisha wanted Gehazi to travel as quickly as possible, without even stopping to talk to anyone. - -## Lay my staff on the child'​s face ## - -Elisha is telling Gehazi to do these things because Elisha hopes Yahweh will use them to bring the boy back to life. \ No newline at end of file +Elisha wanted Gehazi to travel as quickly as possible, without even stopping to talk to anyone. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/30.md b/2ki/04/30.md index 8058f5e325..8ad3c05b58 100644 --- a/2ki/04/30.md +++ b/2ki/04/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## but the child did not speak or hear ## +# As Yahweh lives, and as you live -AT: "but the child did not show any signs of life" +"As surely as Yahweh lives and as you live." This shows that the mother is taking an oath. The mother compares the certainty that Yahweh and Elisha are alive to the certainty of what she is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly promise that" -## has not awakened ## +# but the child did not speak or hear -AT: "is still dead"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that the child was not alive. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "but the child did not show any signs of being alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# has not awakened + +Here being dead is spoken of as being asleep. AT: "is still dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/32.md b/2ki/04/32.md index 6caa05f64e..c2beebcfc6 100644 --- a/2ki/04/32.md +++ b/2ki/04/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## So Elisha went in and shut the door on the child and himself and prayed to Yahweh ## +# So Elisha went in and shut the door on the child and himself -AT: "Elisha went by himself into the room where the child lay. He closed the door and prayed to Yahweh." - -## He went up and lay on the child ## - -"Elisha got on the bed and lay with his body on the child;" \ No newline at end of file +"So Elisha went by himself into the room where the child lay, closed the door" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/35.md b/2ki/04/35.md index ff331e6029..3efe1bc87c 100644 --- a/2ki/04/35.md +++ b/2ki/04/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Then Elisha got up ## +# stretched himself out on the boy -"Then Elisha got up from the bed" +"laid on top of the boy again" -## the Shunammite ## +# the Shunammite -This refers to the woman from Shunem who was the boy's mother. +"the Shunammite woman" -## Then she lay facedown on the ground at his feet and bowed to the ground ## +# Then she lay facedown on the ground at his feet and bowed to the ground -AT: "Then she lay down with her face toward the ground in front of Elisha and bowed to him." The woman bowed down before Elisha as a sign of deep respect. \ No newline at end of file +The woman bowed down before Elisha as a sign of great respect and appreciation. AT: "Then she bowed in front of Elisha with her face to the ground to show him her gratitude" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/38.md b/2ki/04/38.md index 983b3bb02c..403b49de78 100644 --- a/2ki/04/38.md +++ b/2ki/04/38.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## the sons of the prophets ## +# the sons of the prophets -AT: "A group of men who were prophets" +This is an idiom. It does not mean that they were actually the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). AT: "the group of men who were prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## stew ## +# stew This is a dish that is usually made of meat and vegetables cooked in a pot with liquid. -## wild gourds ## +# wild gourds -These vegetables were growing on the wild vine. +These vegetables were growing wild, meaning someone had not planted them. -## fill the fold of his robe ## +# fill the fold of his robe He lifted the bottom edge of his robe up to his waist to make a place to carry more gourds than he could carry with his hands only. -## but did not know what kind they were ## +# but did not know what kind they were -AT: "but did not know if they were good or bad to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Since they did not know what kind of gourds they were they did not know whether or not they were safe to eat. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "but did not know if they were good or bad to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/40.md b/2ki/04/40.md index 6c067af03d..64699e160d 100644 --- a/2ki/04/40.md +++ b/2ki/04/40.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## death in the pot ## +# they poured out the stew -This means that there was something in the pot that could kill them, not that there is something dead in the pot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"they poured the stew into bowls" -## He threw it into the pot ## +# there is death in the pot + +This means that there was something in the pot that could kill them, not that there is something dead in the pot. AT: "there is something in the pot that will kill us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He threw it into the pot "He added it to the stew in the pot" -## Pour it out for the people ## +# Pour it out for the people -"Serve it to the people," - -## there was no more anything hurtful in the pot ## - -AT: "​eating the food from the pot did not hurt them." \ No newline at end of file +"Serve it to the people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/42.md b/2ki/04/42.md index 57c7879430..117edfb94c 100644 --- a/2ki/04/42.md +++ b/2ki/04/42.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Baal Shalishah ## +# Baal Shalishah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## barley ## +# twenty loaves -This is a type of grain. +"20 loaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## fresh ears of grain ## +# from the new harvest -This was grain from the new harvest. +"made from the grain from the new harvest" -## What, should I set this before a hundred men? ## +# fresh ears of grain -AT: "That is not enough to feed a hundred men!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"fresh heads of grain." This refers to grain from the new harvest. + +# What, should I set this before a hundred men? + +The man uses this rhetorical question to imply that this is not enough bread to feed 100 men. This can be written as a statement. AT: "That is not enough to feed a hundred men!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a hundred men + +"100 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the word of Yahweh + +Here Yahweh is referred to by what he said. This phrase is a metonym for Yahweh himself. AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/04/intro.md b/2ki/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e88061ccb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Elisha continues with a group of stories about the miracles Elisha did. (See: [2 Kings 4-6](./01.md) and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Widow ##### +Elisha helps a widow financially, and he correctly prophesies that a barren woman would conceive and have a baby by the next year. Later, when that child dies, Elisha miraculously causes him to come back to life. Also, Elisha causes a poisonous food to no longer be harmful, and he miraculously feeds 100 people with only 20 loaves of bread. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/01.md b/2ki/05/01.md index eff6f3c040..d768fddfce 100644 --- a/2ki/05/01.md +++ b/2ki/05/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## in his master's view ## +# in his master's view -"in the king's opinion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"sight." The king's "view" represents what he thinks about something. AT: "in the king's opinion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## because by him Yahweh had given victory to Aram ## +# because by him Yahweh had given victory to Aram -"because through Naaman, Yahweh had given victory to the Aramean army" +Here "Aram" refers to the Aramean army. AT: "because through Naaman, Yahweh had given victory to the Aramean army" -## The Arameans had gone out raiding in bands and had taken a little girl from the land of Israel ## +# The Arameans had gone out -AT: "Groups of Aramean soldiers had attacked Israel and had taken a little girl from there." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the "Arameans" refer to the Aramean soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# raiding in bands + +"in small groups attacking." This means to go out attacking an enemy in small groups. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/03.md b/2ki/05/03.md index 1a5edae93f..76dcabeab9 100644 --- a/2ki/05/03.md +++ b/2ki/05/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## The girl said to her mistress ## +# The girl said to her mistress -The girl from Israel (who had been captured by the Aramean soldiers) spoke to Naaman's wife. +The girl from Israel, who had been captured by the Aramean soldiers, spoke to Naaman's wife. -## my master ## +# my master Here "my master" refers to Naaman. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/05.md b/2ki/05/05.md index a2c371f064..78f7eafdcf 100644 --- a/2ki/05/05.md +++ b/2ki/05/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## talents ## +# I will send a letter -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +The king is going to give the letter to Naaman to take with him to the king of Israel. AT: "I will send a letter with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Naaman left and took with him … ## +# ten talents of silver, six thousand pieces of gold -AT: "Naaman left, and took gifts with him for the king of Israel, which were …" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +"10 talents of silver, 6,000 pieces of gold." This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "330 kilograms of sliver, 6,000 pieces of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## six thousand ## +# took with him ten ... clothes -"6,000"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This were gifts from the king of Aram for the king of Israel. AT: "took with him ten ... clothes, which were gifts for the king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/07.md b/2ki/05/07.md index 77123cadb1..0c1eba8fce 100644 --- a/2ki/05/07.md +++ b/2ki/05/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## he tore his clothes ## +# he tore his clothes -Because of his distress, he ripped his clothes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +Often people would rip their clothes if they were in great distress. AT: "he ripped his clothes to show his distress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Am I God, to kill and to make alive, that this man wants me to cure a man of his leprosy?- ## +# Am I God, to kill and to make alive, that this man wants me to cure a man of his leprosy? -** AT: "The king of Aram must think I am some sort of God, with the power over death and life! He wants me to cure this man of his leprosy, but I can not do that." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The king uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the request of the king of Aram is outrageous and something he cannot do. This can be written as a statement. AT: "The king of Aram must think I am some sort of God, with the power over death and life! He wants me to cure this man of his leprosy, but I cannot do that." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## It seems he is seeking to start an argument with me ## +# It seems he is seeking to start an argument with me -The king of Israel did not believe the request to heal Naamam was the real reason for the letter. He thought the real reason was to start a fight. AT: “He is looking for an excuse to start a fight with me.” \ No newline at end of file +The king of Israel did not believe the request to heal Naamam was the real reason for the letter. He thought the real reason was to start a fight. AT: "It seems he is looking for an excuse to start a fight with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/08.md b/2ki/05/08.md index d061ff709a..b963abd425 100644 --- a/2ki/05/08.md +++ b/2ki/05/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Elisha talks to the King of Israel about Naaman. -## Why have you torn your clothes? ## +# Why have you torn your clothes? -AT: "There is no need to tear your clothes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize to the king that he does not need to be distressed and tear his clothes. AT: "There is no need to be distressed and tear your clothes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your flesh will be restored + +This can be written in active form. AT: "your flesh will be well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will be clean + +this means that he will no longer be unclean. A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. God considers a person who has leprosy as being defiled and unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/11.md b/2ki/05/11.md index d12a40a379..0b0d5ef947 100644 --- a/2ki/05/11.md +++ b/2ki/05/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## wave his hand over the place ## +# Look -"wave his hand over the diseased area of skin" +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" -## Are not Abanah and Pharpar, the rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel? ## +# the name of Yahweh -AT: "The Abanah and the Pharpar Rivers, in my home country of Damascus, are much better than any of the rivers of Israel! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here Yahweh is referred to by his name. AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Abanah and Pharpar ## +# over the place -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"over the diseased area of my skin" or "over my leprosy" -## Can I not bathe in them and be clean? ## +# Are not Abanah and Pharpar, the rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel? -AT: "I should have just bathed in them and been healed!" Or, AT: "I could have bathed in them and been healed!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Naaman uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the Abanah and the Pharpar are better rivers than the Jordan. This can be written as a statement. AT: "The Abanah and the Pharpar Rivers, in my home country of Aram, are much better than any of the rivers of Israel! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## went away in a rage ## +# Abanah and Pharpar -"was very angry as he walked away." \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of rivers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Can I not bathe in them and be clean? + +Naaman uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he could have bathed in the other rivers easily. He believes that bathing in them could heal him just as bathing in the Jordan could. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I should have just bathed in them and been healed!" or "I could just as easily have bathed in them and been healed!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# went away in a rage + +"was very angry as he walked away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/13.md b/2ki/05/13.md index 64cec0f838..6108a42c5a 100644 --- a/2ki/05/13.md +++ b/2ki/05/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## My father ## +# My father The servants were showing respect to Naaman by addressing him as "my father" or "sir." -## would you not have done it? ## +# would you not have done it? -AT: "You surely would have done it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The servant uses this question to carefully rebuke Naaman. AT: "you surely would have done it!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## How much rather then, when he says to you to simply ## +# How much rather then -AT: "You should be even more willing to obey then, when he tells you to do such an easy thing like" \ No newline at end of file +The servant is comparing how much more willing Naaman should be to obey a simple command since he is willing to obey a difficult one. AT: "How much more willing you should be to obey" or "Should you not be even more willing to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# How much rather then, when he says to you to simply, 'Dip yourself and be clean? + +The servant uses this rhetorical question to emphasize to Naaman that he should obey Elisha's command. This question can be written as statement. AT: "You should be even more willing to obey when he says to you simply, 'Dip yourself and be clean.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the man of God + +"Elisha, the man of God" + +# His flesh was restored again like the flesh of a little child + +This speaks how smooth Namaan's skin is after he is healed by comparing it to the skin of a young child. AT: "His flesh was restored again and was as soft as the flesh of a young child" or "His skin was well again and was smooth like a young child's skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# His flesh + +"His skin" + +# he was healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his leprosy was gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/15.md b/2ki/05/15.md index de83a26612..5d6052fb7e 100644 --- a/2ki/05/15.md +++ b/2ki/05/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Look, now I know ## +# Look -The word "Look" is used here to draw attention to what Naaman is about to say. +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" -## there is no God in all the earth except in Israel ## +# there is no God in all the earth except in Israel -AT: "The God of Israel is the only true God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "the God of Israel is the only true God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## I will receive nothing ## +# As Yahweh lives, before whom I stand -AT: "I will not take any gifts."​ +"As surely as I know that Yahweh lives, before whom I stand." Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh is alive to the certainty that he will not receive any gifts from Naaman. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "As surely as Yahweh lives, before whom I stand, I promise you," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Naaman urged Elisha to take a gift, but he refused ## +# before whom I stand -Naaman kept on trying to get Elisha to take a gift, but Elisha continued to refuse. \ No newline at end of file +Here serving Yahweh is spoken of as standing in his presence. AT: "whom I serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will receive nothing + +This means that he will not accept any gifts. AT: "I will not take any gifts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/17.md b/2ki/05/17.md index 0ed9b63631..8facb18d7d 100644 --- a/2ki/05/17.md +++ b/2ki/05/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## let there be given to your servant ## +# If not -"let me have"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The understood information may be supplied. AT: "If you will not take the gifts I have brought for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## two mule loads of earth ## +# let there be given to your servant -"as much soil from Israel as two mules can carry, so that I can build an altar to Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +This can be stated in active from. AT: "let me have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## when my king ## +# two mule loads of earth + +Naaman is asking to take soil from Israel and place it in sacks for two mules to carry home with him. He then plans to build an altar on the soil. AT: "as much soil from Israel as two mules can carry, so that I can build an altar to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your servant + +Naaman refers to himself as Elisha's servant to honor him. + +# will offer neither burnt offering nor sacrifice to any god but Yahweh + +This can be written in positive form. AT: "will not offer burnt offering or sacrifice to any god but Yahweh" or "will only offer burnt offerings and sacrifices to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# when my king This is referring to the king of Aram, the king that Namaan works for. -## Go in peace ## +# he leans on my hand -AT: "Leave without fear" \ No newline at end of file +"he supports himself on my arm." This means that Naaman assists the king when he bows in the house of Rimmon because the king is either old or sick. + +# Go in peace + +"Go home and do not worry" or "Leave without fear" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/20.md b/2ki/05/20.md index 316f2b2253..79b9d18610 100644 --- a/2ki/05/20.md +++ b/2ki/05/20.md @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ -## He had traveled ## +# He had traveled "Naaman had traveled" -## Gehazi ## +# Gehazi -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Kings 4:12](../04/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Look, See ## +# Look -The words “Look" and "see" are used here to draw attention to what he is about to say. +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" -## my master has spared this Naaman the Aramean ## +# has spared this Naaman the Aramean -AT: "Elisha has let Naaman the Aramean leave too easily" +"has let Naaman the Aramean leave too easily" -## by not receiving ## +# by not receiving -"​without accepting any gifts"​ ​ +"by not accepting" -## from his hands ## +# from his hands -AT: "from him"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here Naaman is referred to by his hands to emphasize the act of giving. AT: "from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## two young men of the sons of the prophets ## +# As Yahweh lives -AT: "two young men who are prophets"​ \ No newline at end of file +"As surely as Yahweh lives." Here Gehazi compares the certainty that Yahweh is alive to the certainty of what he has decided to do. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "As Yahweh lives, I promise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# of the sons of the prophets + +This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). AT: "from among the prophets there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Please give them a talent of silver and two changes of clothes + +Gehazi is asking Naaman to give these things to him so that he can take them and give them to the prophets. AT: "Please give me a talent of sliver and two changes of clothes to give to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# See + +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# a talent of silver + +This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "33 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/23.md b/2ki/05/23.md index 232b95e293..b735643711 100644 --- a/2ki/05/23.md +++ b/2ki/05/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Naaman replied ## +# two talents -Naaman is replying to Gehazi's request in the previous verse. +This can be written in modern measurements. This talents are of silver. AT: "two talents of silver" or "66 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Naaman urged Gehazi ## +# laid them on two -AT: "Naaman urged Gehazi to take the gifts"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) \ No newline at end of file +"gave them to" + +# Naaman urged Gehazi + +Naaman urged him to take gifts. AT: "Naaman urged Gehazi to take the gifts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Your servant + +Gehazi refers to himself here as Elisha's servant. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/26.md b/2ki/05/26.md index 0ed26d16b1..6d8d8709cd 100644 --- a/2ki/05/26.md +++ b/2ki/05/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Was not my spirit with you when the man turned his chariot to meet you? ## +# Was not my spirit with you when the man turned his chariot to meet you? -AT: "You should have realized that my spirit could see you when Naaman stopped his chariot and talked to you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that Yahweh allowed him to see what Gehazi had done. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should have realized that my spirit could see you when Naaman stopped his chariot and talked to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Is this a time to accept money and clothes, olive groves and vineyards, sheep and oxen, and male servants and female servants? ## +# Is this a time to accept money ... female servants? -AT: "This is not the time to accept... and female servants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that this is not the time take gifts. This can be written as a statement. AT: "This is not the time to accept money ... female servants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the leprosy of Naaman will be on you and your descendants ## +# the leprosy of Naaman will be on you and your descendants -AT: "the same disease Naaman had, you and your future family members will have." +This speaks of Gehazi and his descendant getting leprosy as if Naaman's leprosy was taken from him and given to Gehazi. AT: "you and your descendants will have leprosy, just as Naaman had leprosy" -## as white as snow ## +# So Gehazi went out from his presence -Leprosy makes skin white, like the color of snow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "his presence" refers to the area where Elisha could see him. This means that he left the room where Elisha was. AT: "When Gehazi left the room, he was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# as white as snow + +Leprosy makes skin white. Here Gehazi's leprous skin is compared to the color of snow. AT: "with skin that was white like snow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/05/intro.md b/2ki/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5bedc9661b --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 2 Kings 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The stories of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/01.md b/2ki/06/01.md index 9744caa54a..cd8c88b964 100644 --- a/2ki/06/01.md +++ b/2ki/06/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## sons of the prophets ## +# The sons of the prophets -This refers to a group of prophets who were working with Elisha. \ No newline at end of file +This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). AT: "The group of prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let us go to the Jordan + +This refers to the area by the Jordan River. AT: "let us go beside the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your servants + +Here one of the prophet refers to the of the sons of the prophets as Elisha's servants to show him honor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/04.md b/2ki/06/04.md index 91ef858a28..f58cb1aca1 100644 --- a/2ki/06/04.md +++ b/2ki/06/04.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Elisha goes with the prophets to cut trees. -## Oh no ## +# the ax head fell into the water -The man said this to show that he was upset and frustrated. If you have a way of expressing these emotions in your language, you can use it here. \ No newline at end of file +The ax head refers to the blade of the ax. This means that the ax head came loose from its the handle and fell into the water. AT: "the ax head separated from the handle and fell into the water" + +# Oh no + +The man said this to show that he was upset and frustrated. If you have a way of expressing these emotions in your language, you can use it here. + +# it was borrowed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I borrowed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/06.md b/2ki/06/06.md index dda85a9b80..2c38f47e41 100644 --- a/2ki/06/06.md +++ b/2ki/06/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## So the man of God said ## +# So the man of God said -"So Elisha asked," +"So Elisha, the man of God, asked" -## who then cut off a stick, threw it in the water, and made the iron float ## +# He then cut off a stick, threw it in the water, and made the iron float -God uses Elisha to perform a miracle. The ax head rises to the surface of the water and it stays there so the prophet can pick it up. \ No newline at end of file +God uses Elisha to perform a miracle. The ax head rises to the surface of the water and it stays there so the prophet can pick it up. + +# made the iron float + +"caused the iron to float" + +# the iron + +"the ax head." The ax head was made of iron. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/08.md b/2ki/06/08.md index 7817d0d6f1..d8e7040079 100644 --- a/2ki/06/08.md +++ b/2ki/06/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Now the king of Aram was waging war against Israel ## +# Now the king of Aram was waging war against Israel -AT: "When the king of Aram was at war with Israel," +"When the king of Aram was at war with Israel," -## My camp will be in such and such a place ## +# Now -The king of Aram was telling his counselors where to set up the camp. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story. -## So the man of God ## +# saying, "My camp will be in such and such a place -AT: "So Elisha" ​ +The king of Aram was telling his counselors where to set up the camp. Here the phrase "such and such" is a way to refer to the information of the location of the camp without writing it out. If this phase does not translate well into your language this may be written as indirect speech. AT: "and told them where his camp would be located" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## Be careful not to pass that place, for the Arameans are coming down to there ## +# the man of God -Elisha knew the specific place that the Arameans were going to set up their camp and advised the king of Israel to avoid that area. \ No newline at end of file +"Elisha the man of God" + +# Be careful not to pass that place, for the Arameans are going down there + +Elisha knew the specific place that the Arameans were going to set up their camp and advised the king of Israel for his soldiers to avoid that area. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/10.md b/2ki/06/10.md index 591625a816..6fc788eeed 100644 --- a/2ki/06/10.md +++ b/2ki/06/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## to the place about which the man of God had warned him ## +# to the place about which the man of God had spoken and warned him -Elisha knew the places that were dangerous for the Israelites (because of the Aramean army) and warned the king of Israel about them. +This refers to the place that Elisha had warned the king about in [2 Kings 6:9](./08.md). -## That warning saved him there several times ## +# More than once or twice, when the king went there, he was on his guard -AT: "Because Elisha warned the Israelites, they were able to stay safe from the enemy more than once or twice." +Elisha would warn the king of where the Aramean army would attack so that he could alert the people before the attack happened. AT: "Elisha warned the king of Israel in this way several times and the Israelites were able to stay safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The mind of the king of Aram ## +# Will you not tell me who among us is for the king of Israel? -"The king of Aram was angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The king of Aram assumes there is a traitor among his soldiers who is giving information to the Israelite king. He uses this rhetorical question to try to find out who that traitor is. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Tell me which of you is for the king of Israel!" or "Tell me which of you is revealing our plans to the king of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Will you not tell me who among us is for the king of Israel ## +# is for the king of Israel -AT: "Tell me which of you is a spy for the king of Israel!" or "Which one of you is telling the king of Israel my plans?" \ No newline at end of file +"To be for someone" means to be loyal to that person. In this case, it means that they would give information to help the king of Israel. AT: "is helping the king of Israel" or "is loyal to the king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/12.md b/2ki/06/12.md index a354131ee4..2e726892e2 100644 --- a/2ki/06/12.md +++ b/2ki/06/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## No ## +# No -"It is none of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +The servant is saying that none of the king's soldiers are giving information to the king of Israel. AT: "It is none of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## my master, king ## +# my master, king This refers to the king of Aram. -## the words that you speak in your own bedroom ## +# the words that you speak in your own bedroom -AT: "what you say in the privacy of your own bedroom" +"what you say in the privacy of your own bedroom" -## See, he is in Dothan ## +# I may send men and capture him -AT: "Elisha is in the city of Dothan." +The king plans to send the men to capture Elisha for him. The king does not plan to capture him himself. AT: "I may send men to capture him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Dothan ## +# See -([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This word is used here to draw the king's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# he is in Dothan + +"Elisha is in Dothan" + +# Dothan + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/14.md b/2ki/06/14.md index 1f21398b48..d98490237b 100644 --- a/2ki/06/14.md +++ b/2ki/06/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## So the king ## +# So the king This refers to the king of Aram. -## When the servant of the man of God ## +# the man of God -AT: "When Elisha'​s servant"​ +"Elisha" or "Elisha the man of God" -## had risen early and gone outside, behold ## +# behold -"got up early in the morning and went outside, he saw" +The word "behold" here shows that the servant was surprised by what he saw. -## And his servant said to him ## +# had risen early and gone outside, behold -"The servant went back inside and said to Elisha,"​ +"got up early in the morning and went outside, and he saw" -## those who are with us are more than those who are with them ## +# His servant said to him -"those who are on our side in the battle are more than those who are on their side."​ \ No newline at end of file +The servant went back inside the house to tell Elisha what he had seen. AT: "The servant went back inside and said to Elisha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those who are with us are more than those who are with them + +"To be with someone" in battle means to fight for their side. AT: "those who are on our side in the battle are more than those who are on their side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/17.md b/2ki/06/17.md index a4c146d2d2..ca2dfd7071 100644 --- a/2ki/06/17.md +++ b/2ki/06/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## open his eyes that he may see ## +# open his eyes that he may see -AT: "make him able to see." ​Elisha is asking that his servant may be able to see things that other people cannot see, namely the horses and chariots of fire that are around them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Elisha is asking that his servant may be able to see things that other people cannot see, namely the horses and chariots of fire that are around them. AT: "make him able to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and he saw. Behold ## +# he saw. Behold -"and he could see. What he saw was that"​ +"he could see. What he saw was that" -## around Elisha ## +# Behold -"​around the city where Elisha was" +The word "Behold" here shows that the servant was surprised by what he saw. -## these people ## +# the mountain was full of horses + +"the mountainside was covered with horses" + +# around Elisha + +This refers to the city where Elisha is. AT: "around the city where Elisha was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# these people This refers to the Aramean soldiers. -## This is not the way, neither is this the city ## +# Strike these people blind -AT: "You are not going in the right direction, and are not in the city where you want to be. \ No newline at end of file +"Cause these people to be blind!" This refers to Yahweh causing them to be unable to see clearly. + +# This is not the way, neither is this the city + +Elisha confuses the Arameans by telling them that they are not at the city they are searching for. AT: "This is not the way, neither is this the city you are looking for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/20.md b/2ki/06/20.md index 3b4271eb95..d92a34a81f 100644 --- a/2ki/06/20.md +++ b/2ki/06/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## open the eyes of these men that they may see ## +# It came about that -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"It happened that" or "Then," -## and they saw, and behold ## +# open the eyes of these men that they may see -"and they could see again, and what they saw was that" +Elisha is asking Yahweh to cause the men to see clearly again. AT: "allow these men to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## when he saw them ## +# Yahweh opened their eyes and they saw -"when he saw the Aramean soldiers"​ +Yahweh allowed the men to see clearly again. AT: "Yahweh took away their blindness" or "Yahweh allowed them to see clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## My father ## +# behold + +The word "behold" here shows that the Arameans were surprised by what they saw. + +# when he saw them + +"when he saw the Aramean soldiers" + +# My father The king is speaking to Elisha the prophet and calling him "father" to show respect. -## should I kill them? ## +# should I kill them? Should I kill them? -AT: "Should I order my army to kill these enemy soldiers?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the king of Israel is referring to his army as himself. AT: "Should I order my army to kill these enemy soldiers?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/22.md b/2ki/06/22.md index 38a2f35aa6..2caa18b445 100644 --- a/2ki/06/22.md +++ b/2ki/06/22.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## Elisha answered ## +# Elisha answered -Elisha was replying to the king of Israel'​s question. +Elisha was replying to the king of Israel's question. -## Would you kill those whom you had taken captive with your sword and bow? ## +# Would you kill those whom you had taken captive with your sword and bow? -AT: "You would not kill men that were captured as prisoners of war." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize to the king that he should not kill these men. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You would not kill men that were captured as prisoners of war." or "You would not kill men taken captive in war, therefore you should not kill these men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Put bread and water before them, that they may eat and drink ## +# you had taken captive with your sword and bow -AT: "Give them food to eat and water to drink," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This speaks of the king's soldiers taking men captive as if the king himself was the one who captured them. AT: "your soldiers had taken captive with their swords and bows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## go to their master ## +# with your sword and bow -"​return to the king of Aram" +These are the weapons that were used in war. AT: "in war with your sword and bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## So the king prepared much food for them ## +# Put bread and water before them, that they may eat and drink -"Then the king ordered his servants to prepare a lot of food for them," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "Give them food to eat and water to drink," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## he sent them away ## +# go to their master -The king of Israel sent the Aramean soldiers back to their homeland. +This refers to the king of Aram. -## they went to back to their master ## +# So the king prepared much food for them -They returned to the king of Aram. +The king ordered his servants to prepare the food. He did not prepare the food himself. AT: "Then the king ordered his servants to prepare a lot of food for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## did not return for a long time into the land of Israel ## +# Those bands -"​stopped attacking the land of Israel for a long time."​ \ No newline at end of file +"Those groups" + +# did not return for a long time into the land of Israel + +This means that they did not attack Israel for a long time. AT: "stopped attacking the land of Israel for a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/24.md b/2ki/06/24.md index f28d8c180f..e71b6d1240 100644 --- a/2ki/06/24.md +++ b/2ki/06/24.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## Benhadad ## +# Ben Hadad -The name of the king of Aram. His name means "son of Hadad." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The name of the king of Aram. His name means "son of Hadad." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## pieces of silver ## +# attacked Samaria -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +The king and his army attacked Samaria. AT: "they attacked Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## kab ## +# Behold -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## besieged it ## +# a donkey's head was sold for -AT: "did not let anyone or anything go in or out of the city." or "​blockaded the city."​ +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a donkey's head cost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## So there was a great famine in Samaria ## +# eighty pieces of silver -AT: "​Because of the siege or blockage, there was very little food left in Samaria."​ +"80 pieces of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Behold, they besieged it until a donkey'​s head was sold for eighty pieces of silver ## +# the fourth part of a kab -The Aramean army surrounded the city for a long time, to the point where things that were normally not considered good food (such as a donkey'​s head or dove's dung) were the only food left and worth a high price. \ No newline at end of file +This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "a fourth part of a liter" or "a quarter of a liter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# the fourth part + +"the 4th part." This is one part out of four equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# dove's dung for + +It is understood that this refers to the cost of the dung. AT: "dove's dung was sold for" or "dove's dung cost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# was passing by on the wall + +"walking on top of the city wall" + +# my master + +The woman referred to the king by this name to show him respect. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/27.md b/2ki/06/27.md index da42aa2e4e..2a8c0d3cd4 100644 --- a/2ki/06/27.md +++ b/2ki/06/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## He said ## +# He said -"The king of Israel answered the woman,"​ +"The king of Israel answered the woman," -## If Yahweh does not help you, how can I help you? ## +# If Yahweh does not help you, how can I help you? -AT: "If Yaheweh is not helping you, then I cannot help you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The king uses this rhetorical question to tell the woman that he cannot help her. This can be written as a statement. AT: "If Yahweh is not helping you, then I cannot help you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Is there anything coming from the threshing floor or winepress? ## +# Is there anything coming from the threshing floor or winepress? -AT: "There is no food to harvest or any grapes to make wine to drink." See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The king uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no food available. Here the threshing floor refers to grain and the winepress refers to wine. This can be written as a statement. AT: "There is nothing coming from the threshing floor or the winepress." or "There is no food to harvest or any grapes to make wine to drink." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## The king continued ## +# The king continued -AT: "As they continued to talk, the king asked her," \ No newline at end of file +"The king said." This means that they continued talking. + +# we boiled + +"we cooked" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/30.md b/2ki/06/30.md index 9db6f97c39..b5099a6cec 100644 --- a/2ki/06/30.md +++ b/2ki/06/30.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# heard the words of the woman + +The words "the words" are a metonym for what the woman said. AT: "heard the woman tell what she and the other woman had done," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he tore his clothes + +The king ripped his outer garment to show his distress. AT: "he tore his clothes in grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# now he was passing by on the wall + He had been walking on the city wall when the woman called out to him in [2 Kings 6:24](./24.md). Now he continued walking along it. -## heard the words of the woman ## +# he had sackcloth underneath, against his skin -"heard the woman tell what she and the other woman had done," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +By wearing sackcloth even for his undergarments, the king showed that he was very sad and upset. AT: "he had sackcloth underneath his outer garment, against his skin" or "he was wearing sackcloth underneath his robe because he was very upset" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## he tore his clothes ## +# May God do so to me, and more also -The king ripped his outer garment to show his distress. +The king is saying he hopes God will punish him and even kill him if Elisha the prophet does not die because of the things that have happened in the city of Samaria. AT: "May God punish me and kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## the people looked and saw that he had sackcloth underneath, against his skin ## +# if the head of Elisha son of Shaphat remains on him today -By wearing sackcloth even for his undergarments,​ the king showed that he was very sad and upset. AT: "The people could see that the king had rough undergarments on, because he had torn his outer clothes."​ - -## May God do so to me, and more also, if the head of Elisha the son of Shaphat remains on him today ## - -The king is saying he hopes God will punish him or even kill him if Elisha the prophet does not die because of the things that have happened in the city of Samaria. AT: "May God punish me and even kill me, if Elisha, son of Shaphat, does not die today." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Elisha dying, specifically be being beheaded. AT: "if Elisha son of Shaphat is not beheaded today" or "if my soldiers do not behead Elisha son of Shaphat today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/32.md b/2ki/06/32.md index 473e61e9cb..f44ae1696a 100644 --- a/2ki/06/32.md +++ b/2ki/06/32.md @@ -1,35 +1,51 @@ -## The king sent a man from before him ## +# The king sent a man from before him -AT: "The king of Israel sent one of his men,"​ +"To be before the king" means to be one of his servants. AT: "The king of Israel sent one of his servants as a messenger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## when the messenger came to Elisha, he said to the elders ## +# when the messenger came to Elisha, he said to the elders -"when the messenger sent by the king came to Elisha, Elisha said to the elders,"​ +Here Elisha is speaking to the elders right before the king's messenger arrived. AT: "when the messenger had almost arrived, Elisha said to the elders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## son of a murderer ## +# See how this son of a murderer has sent to take away my head? -This means that he (the king of Israel) has the characteristics of a murderer. +Elisha uses this rhetorical question to draw attention to the kings messenger and to insult the king. This can be written as a statement. AT: "See, this son of a murderer has sent someone to remove my head!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## to take away my head ## +# son of a murderer -AT: "to cut off my head?" ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) or AT: "to kill me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This means that the king of Israel has the characteristics of a murderer. AT: "this man who is like a murderer" or "that murderer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Is not the sound of his master'​s feet behind him? ## +# has sent to -AT: "The king will be coming along right behind him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +It is understood that he sent a person. AT: "has sent someone to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## While he was still talking with them ## +# to take away my head -"While Elisha was still talking with the elders,"​ +This means to behead him. AT: "to cut off my head" or "to behead me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## the messenger came down to him ## +# Look -The messenger arrived, and so did the king, as Elisha had said he would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Elisha uses this word here to draw the elder's attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" -## this trouble ## +# hold the door shut against him -This "trouble" refers to the famine in Samaria and the suffering it caused. +If a door is shut against someone it means that it is closed and that they may not enter through it. AT: "hold the door shut so that he cannot come in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Why should I wait for Yahweh any longer? ## +# Is not the sound of his master's feet behind him? -AT: "I will not wait any longer for help from Yahweh!" or "Why should I continue to wait for Yahweh to help us?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elisha uses this question to assure the elders that the king is coming not far behind him. This rhetorical question may be written as a statement. AT: "The sound of his master's feet is right behind him." or "The king will be coming along soon after he arrives." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# behold, the messenger + +The word "behold" alerts us to the arrival of the messenger. + +# the messenger came down to him + +The messenger arrived, and so did the king, as Elisha had said he would. The phrase "came down to him" means that they arrived at the place where he was. AT: "the messenger and the king arrived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Behold, this trouble + +"Indeed, this trouble." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. The phrase "this trouble" refers to the famine in Samaria and the suffering it caused. + +# Why should I wait for Yahweh any longer? + +This king use this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not believe that Yahweh is going to help them. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Why should I continue to wait for Yahweh to help us?" or "I will not wait any longer for help from Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/intro.md b/2ki/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cc34da2853 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Kings 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The stories of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +==Impossible actions == +Elisha caused an iron ax head to float. He fooled the whole army of Aram that was sent to arrest him. When the king of Aram besieged the capital of Israel, the people became so hungry they started eating their children. Elisha told the king of Israel that there would be plenty of food the next day, but the king's counselor said it was impossible. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical question ##### +The king's counselor expressed his unbelief in Elisha's prophecy of plenty of food: "See, even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven, can this thing happen?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unbeliever]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/01.md b/2ki/07/01.md index 2a68d444f7..eac02ea77e 100644 --- a/2ki/07/01.md +++ b/2ki/07/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## measure ## +# a measure of fine flour will be sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekel -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +It is implied that the Israelites will be paying less money for these item than they had been. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will sell a measure of fine flour for a shekel and two measures of barley for a shekel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## shekel ## +# a measure of fine flour ... two measures of barley -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +Here the word "measure" translates the word "seah," which is a unit of dry measurement equal to about 7 liters. AT: "7 liters of fine flour ... 14 liters of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## measure of fine flour will be sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekel ## +# a shekel -The prices of food would become much less. Compare [2 Kings 6:24](../06/24.md) where bad food was sold for very high prices. +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 11 grams of silver" or "one silver coin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## the captain on whose hand the king leaned ## +# the captain on whose hand the king leaned -AT: "the king's assistant" or "an officer who helped the king" +A high ranking captain who was the king's personal assistant is spoken of as if he was a person on whom the king leaned his hand. AT: "the captain who was close to the king" or "the captain who was the king's personal assistant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## windows in heaven ## +# even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven -AT: "openings in the sky that Yahweh himself would make grain fall through" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Yahweh causing much rain to fall in order to make the crops grow is spoken of as if Yahweh were opening windows in heaven through which he pours down rain. AT: "even if Yahweh were to cause much rain to fall from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## can this thing happen? ## +# can this thing happen? -AT: "I do not believe it could happen!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The captain asks this question to express his unbelief. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "this could never happen!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## you will watch it happen with your own eyes, but you will not eat any of it ## +# you will watch it happen with your own eyes -Because the officer did not believe Yahweh could provide the grain, he would see it happen but would not eat any of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "with your own eyes" emphasizes that the captain will certainly see the things that Elisha prophesied. AT: "you yourself will watch these things happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# but you will not eat any of it + +"but you will not eat any of the flour or barely" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/03.md b/2ki/07/03.md index 328f614e21..ca91fc780e 100644 --- a/2ki/07/03.md +++ b/2ki/07/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -AT: "At that same time" (as Elisha was telling the king and his assistant there would be plenty of food for Samaria) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the writer starts to tell a new part of the story. -## right outside the city gate ## +# Why should we sit here until we die? -AT: "who were just outside the entrance to the city." +Although there were four men, probably only one of them asks this question. The question is rhetorical and emphasizes that they should not do this. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Certainly we should not sit here until we die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why should we sit here until we die? ## +# If they keep us alive, we will live, and if they kill us, we will only die -AT: "Certainly we should not sit here until we die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## let us go to the army of the Arameans ## - -AT: "let us go to the place where the army of the Arameans has their camp." - -## If they keep us alive, we will live, and if they kill us, we will only die ## - -The four men with leprosy are saying that going to the Aramean camp is their only chance to stay alive. AT: "If the Arameans give us food, we will live, and if they kill us, we were only going to die here anyway." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) \ No newline at end of file +The four men with leprosy are saying that the Arameans might feed them so that they can live, or they might kill them, which would be no worse since they would die anyway. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/05.md b/2ki/07/05.md index bea9e3367f..7e8908b9d0 100644 --- a/2ki/07/05.md +++ b/2ki/07/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## So they rose up at twilight to go into ## +# at twilight -AT: "So at the end of the day, the four lepers got up and walked to the edge"​ +This refers to the early evening after the sun has set, but before it is dark. -## For the Lord had made the Aramean army ## +# the outermost part -AT: "The reason for this was because the Lord had caused the Aramean army to" +"the edge" -## the Aramean army hear a noise of chariots, and a noise of horses-the noise of another large army ## +# the Aramean army hear a noise of chariots, and a noise of horses—the noise of another large army -the noise of another large army** - The soldiers of the Aramean army heard noises that sounded like a large army coming to do battle with them. This was not an actual army, but the Lord had made them hear these sounds. +The soldiers of the Aramean army heard noises that sounded like a large army approaching to battle them. This was not an actual army, but the Lord had made them hear these sounds. -## The king of Israel has hired the kings of the Hittites and Egyptians ## +# they said to each other -Here the kings are being used to represent their armies. AT: "The king of Israel has hired the armies of the Hittites and the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"the Aramean soldiers said to each other" -## to come against us ## +# the kings of the Hittites and Egyptians -AT: "to fight us." or "to attack us." \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "kings" represents the kings and their armies. AT: "the armies of the Hittites and the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to come against us + +"to fight us" or "to attack us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/07.md b/2ki/07/07.md index a06626646d..fff2beb1d1 100644 --- a/2ki/07/07.md +++ b/2ki/07/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + This is what happened after the Lord caused the Aramean soldiers to think they heard a large enemy army approaching their camp. -## fled in the twilight ## +# in the twilight -AT: "ran away as the sun was going down" +This refers to the early evening after the sun has set, but before it is dark. -## the camp as it was ## +# plunder -AT: "left everything in their camp just as it was" - -## plunder ## - -These were stolen goods or things gotten illegally, especially during a war. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to items that a conquering army takes from another army that they have defeated. Here it refers to "silver and gold and clothes." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/09.md b/2ki/07/09.md index b5c330390c..943f605f21 100644 --- a/2ki/07/09.md +++ b/2ki/07/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## If we wait until daybreak ## +# until daybreak -"If we wait until tomorrow morning,"​ +"until morning" -## punishment will overtake us ## +# punishment will overtake us -AT: "​something bad will happen to us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Someone punishing the four men is spoken of as if punishment were a person who captures them. AT: "the people will punish us" or "someone will punish us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## tell the king's household ## +# tell the king's household -AT: "tell the king and his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] +Here the word "household" represents the people who live in the king's palace. AT: "tell the king and his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the tents as they were ## +# as they were -AT: "the camp was not changed from how it would have been if the soldiers were still there." [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) \ No newline at end of file +The implicit information may be supplied in translation. AT: "as they were when the soldiers were still there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# then it was told inside the king's household + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "then people told it inside the king's household" or "then people told it to the king and those in his palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/12.md b/2ki/07/12.md index 3468b703df..d5c549bbf6 100644 --- a/2ki/07/12.md +++ b/2ki/07/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Then the king arose at night ## +# have done to us -AT: "It was night when the king heard the news about the empty Aramean camp, so he got up from his bed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +"are planning to do to us" or "have done to deceive us" -## have done to us ## +# take them alive -AT: "are planning to do to us" +This means that they would capture the people and not kill them. -## we will take them alive, and get into the city - ## +# the horses that remain, which are left in the city -** AT: "we will capture the Israelites and their city." +Many of the horses belonging to the Israelites had died because of the famine. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "the horses in the city that are still alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the horses that remain, which are left in the city ## +# They are like all the rest of the population of Israel who are left -Many of the horses belonging to the Israelites had died because of the famine. AT: "the horses that are still alive in the city." +The men that would go to the Aramean camp would share the same fate as the rest of the Israelites who remained in the city. They would either die from starvation, or possibly be killed by the Arameans. -## They are like all the rest of the population of Israel who are left ## +# see -The men that would go to the Aramean camp would be in danger of being killed. - -## let us send them and see ## - -AT: "Let us send a few men and horses to see what is happening at the camp." \ No newline at end of file +The implicit information may be added to make the meaning clear. AT: "see if what these lepers have said is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/14.md b/2ki/07/14.md index ce9d76be70..d8cec31bc8 100644 --- a/2ki/07/14.md +++ b/2ki/07/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## "Go and see" ## +# Go and see -AT: "Go and see what has happened to the Aramean army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +The implicit information may be added to make the meaning clear. AT: "Go and see if what these lepers have said is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## They went after them to the Jordan ## +# They went after them to the Jordan -AT: "They followed the path the Aramean army took all the way to the Jordan River," +"They followed the path the Aramean army took all the way to the Jordan River" -## all the road was full of clothes and equipment ## +# all the road was full of clothes and equipment -AT: "along the road, there was much discarded clothing and equipment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) - -## that the Arameans had cast away in their hurry ## - -"that the Arameans had thrown away in their rush to escape." \ No newline at end of file +This is an exaggeration that means the men saw these items scattered along the road as they traveled. AT: "there were clothes and equipment all along the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/16.md b/2ki/07/16.md index 6c363b5953..6ea33d5a4e 100644 --- a/2ki/07/16.md +++ b/2ki/07/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## plundered ## +# plundered the camp -The word "plunder" means to steal or take illegally, usually in the time of war. +This refers to taking items from a defeated army. -## measure ## +# So a measure of fine flour was sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekel -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So people sold a measure of fine flour for a shekel and two measures of barley for a shekel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## shekel ## +# a measure of fine flour ... two measures of barley -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +Here the word "measure" translates the word "seah," which is a unit of dry measurement equal to about 7 liters. AT: "7 liters of fine flour ... 14 liters of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## just as the word of Yahweh had said ## +# a shekel -"just as Yahweh had said through Elisha the prophet." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 11 grams of silver" or "one silver coin"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## the captain on whose hand he had leaned ## +# just as the word of Yahweh had said -AT: "his assistant" This is the same man in [2 Kings 7:1](./01.md). +Here "word" represents Yahweh. AT: "just as Yahweh had said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## trampled him down ## +# the captain on whose hand he had leaned -"stomped over him" The crowd of people were in such a rush to get to the food in the camp that they ran right over the man and killed him. \ No newline at end of file +A high ranking captain who was the king's personal assistant is spoken of as if he were a person on whom the king leaned his hand. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](./01.md). AT: "the captain who was close to the king" or "the captain who was the king's personal assistant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# trampled him down + +The crowd of people were in such a rush to get to the food in the camp that they knocked over the man and trampled him to death. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/18.md b/2ki/07/18.md index 04319724e9..1b8ab598f6 100644 --- a/2ki/07/18.md +++ b/2ki/07/18.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## So it happened as the man of God had said to the king ## +# General Information: -See [2 Kings 7:1](./01.md) where Elisha told all this to the king before. +In these verses, the writer summarizes what happened by repeating the events that he described in [2 Kings 7:1-2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## About this time ## +# About this time "About this time tomorrow" -## in the gate of Samaria ## +# two measures of barley ... a measure of fine flour -"in the market place of Samaria" or "in the city of Samaria" +Here the word "measure" translates the word "seah," which is a unit of dry measurement equal to about 7 liters. AT: "14 liters of barley ... 7 liters of fine flour" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## will be available ## +# a shekel -"will be for sale" +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 11 grams of silver" or "one silver coin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## See ## +# See -This brings attention to what the speaker is saying (both the captain and Elijah). +"Indeed." The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## can this thing happen? ## +# even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven -AT: "I do not believe this can happen!" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh causing much rain to fall in order to make the crops grow is spoken of as if Yahweh were opening windows in heaven through which he pours down rain. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](./01.md). AT: "even if Yahweh were to cause much rain to fall from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you will watch it happen with your own eyes ## +# can this thing happen? -AT: "you will be there when it happens," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The captain asks this question to express his unbelief. This question can be translated as a statement. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](./01.md). AT: "this could never happen!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you will watch it happen with your own eyes + +The phrase "with your own eyes" emphasizes that the captain will certainly see the things that Elisha prophesied. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](./01.md). AT: "you yourself will watch these things happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# but you will not eat any of it + +"but you will not eat any of the flour or barley" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/07/intro.md b/2ki/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c1d9c93f01 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The stories of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fear ##### +God caused the army of Aram to hear the sound of an enormous army approaching so they all ran away leaving all their food behind. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/01.md b/2ki/08/01.md index 4f2799d2e4..c80d106ac4 100644 --- a/2ki/08/01.md +++ b/2ki/08/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the woman whose son he had restored to life ## +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# the woman whose son he had restored to life The story of this woman and her son is found at [2 Kings 4:8](../04/08.md). -## Arise ## +# he had restored to life -AT: "get up from where you are," +"he had caused to become alive again" -## stay wherever you can in another land ## +# Arise -Elisha was telling the woman to move to another place in order to escape the coming famine. \ No newline at end of file +"Get up from where you are" + +# the man of God + +"Elisha, the man of God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/03.md b/2ki/08/03.md index c63eda34d1..cdbdbb7226 100644 --- a/2ki/08/03.md +++ b/2ki/08/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## beg him for her house and for her land ## +# to the king -AT: "ask him strongly for her property to be returned to her." \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the king of Israel. + +# for her house and for her land + +While the woman was gone, her home and property were sieged. She is begging for them to be returned to her. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "for her home and her property to be returned to her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells us background information about what the king was doing when the woman arrived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/05.md b/2ki/08/05.md index 69cbdb3f5a..2ee10f612a 100644 --- a/2ki/08/05.md +++ b/2ki/08/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Then as he was telling ## +# had restored to life the child who was dead -At the very same time Gehazi was telling the king about the woman and her son, she came to see the king. +"had caused the child who was dead to become alive again" -## she explained it to him ## +# for her house and land -The woman also tells the king the story of her son being raised from the dead. +While the woman was gone, her home and property were sieged. She is begging for them to be returned to her. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "for her home and her property to be returned to her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## all that was hers and all the harvests of her fields ## +# about her son -AT: "everything she owned before she left as well as the profit from all the crops grown on her lands." \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the story of her son dying and Elisha bringing him back to life. The meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "about what had happened to her son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all the harvests of her fields + +This metonym refers to the amount of money that the harvests of her fields were worth while she was away. AT: "all the profit from the harvests of her fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/07.md b/2ki/08/07.md index 0e182b1a39..c9b3b69f46 100644 --- a/2ki/08/07.md +++ b/2ki/08/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## Benhadad ## +# Ben Hadad -This is the name of the king of Aram. His name means "son of Hadad." +This is the name of the king of Aram. His name means "son of Hadad." See how you translated this man's name in [2 Kings 6:24](../06/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Benhadad, Hazael ## +# Hazael -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Take a gift in your hand ## +# Take a gift -AT: "take many gifts with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Hazael was to take many gifts, not just one. AT: "take many gifts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## consult with Yahweh through him ## +# in your hand -AT: "ask Elisha to ask Yahweh," +The phrase "in your hand" is an idiom meaning for him to take the gifts with him. AT: "with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Your son Benhadad king of Aram ## +# the man of God -Benhadad was not actually Elisha's son, but Hazael called him that to show a close relationship between them. AT: "Benhadad, the king of Aram, who is like a son to you," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Elisha, the man of God" + +# consult with Yahweh through him, saying + +"ask Elisha to ask Yahweh" + +# carried by forty camels + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which forty camels carried" + +# forty camels + +"40 camels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Your son Ben Hadad king of Aram + +Ben Hadad was not actually Elisha's son, but Hazael called him that to show a close relationship between them. AT: "Ben Hadad, the king of Aram, who is like a son to you," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/10.md b/2ki/08/10.md index 7c3f3162b0..49b6e6e9d8 100644 --- a/2ki/08/10.md +++ b/2ki/08/10.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Go, say to Benhadad, 'You will surely recover,' but Yahweh has showed me that he will surely die ## +# until he was ashamed -AT: "Go back to Benhadad and tell him, 'You will get better' but Yahweh has told me that, in truth, he will die." +"until Hazael felt uncomfortable" -## Then Elisha stared at Hazael until he was ashamed ## +# my master -"Then Elisha looked intently at Hazael until Hazael felt uncomfortable," +Hazael refers to Elisha this way to honor him. -## man of God wept ## - -"Elisha cried." - -## Why do you weep, my master? ## - -"Why are you crying, Elisha?" - -## Because I know ## +# Because I know God has shown Elisha what will take place in the future. -## You will ## +# you will do -"Your army will" or "You will order your soldiers to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "you" represents Hazael and refers to himself and the soldiers under his control when he is king. AT: "you will cause to happen" or "you will order your soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## kill their young men with the sword ## +# You will set ... you will kill -AT: "kill their young men in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "you" represents Hazel but here refers to his soldiers and not to Hazael personally. AT: "You soldiers will set ... your soldiers will kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dash in pieces their little ones + +"crush their little children." This is a brutal description of the soldiers killing children. + +# kill their young men with the sword + +This means that the men will be killed in battle. The sword was the main weapon used in battle. AT: "kill their young men in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# rip open their pregnant women + +Specifically this refers to tear open their stomachs. AT: "rip open the stomachs of their pregnant women with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/13.md b/2ki/08/13.md index 4bd174eb45..7ca2507bc1 100644 --- a/2ki/08/13.md +++ b/2ki/08/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Who is your servant, that he should to this great thing? ## +# Who is your servant, that he should do this great thing? -Hazael is talking about himself. AT: "Who am I, that I would have the power to do such things?" or "I could never do such things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Hazel refers to himself here as Elisha's servant. Hazel uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not think he could do the terrible things that Elisha has said. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I could never do such great things!" or "Who am I, that I would have the power to do such things?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## He is only a dog ## +# this great thing -Hazael is talking about himself. AT: "I am like a lowly animal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"this terrible thing." Here the word "great" refers to something that has a large effect and is terrible. -## came to his master ## +# He is only a dog -AT: "went back to Benhadad," +Hazael is talking about himself. He speaks of his low status and lack of influence by comparing himself to a dog. Here a dog represents a lowly animal. AT: "I am as powerless as a dog" or "I am as powerless as a lowly animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He answered, "He told me that you would certainly recover" ## +# came to his master -AT: "Hazael replied, 'Elisha told me that you would not die from this illness'." +The phrase "his master" refers to Ben Hadad. -## so that he died ## +# face so that he died -Hazael put a wet blanket over king Benhadad's face. Benhadad was unable to breathe through it, and so he died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) - -## Then Hazael became king in his place ## - -As Elisha had prophesied, Hazael became the king of Aram after Benhadad was dead. \ No newline at end of file +This means that Ben Hadad suffocated under the wet blanket. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "face. Ben Hadad was unable to breathe through it, and so he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/16.md b/2ki/08/16.md index a76cc2f31b..3a43e64f55 100644 --- a/2ki/08/16.md +++ b/2ki/08/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Jehoram becomes king of Judah. -## In the fifth year of Joram, the son of Ahab, king of Israel ## +# In the fifth year of Joram son of Ahab, king of Israel -AT: "During year 5 of the reign of king Joram, son of Ahab, over Israel," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This describes the time that Jehoram began to reign by stating how long Joram, the current king of Israel, had reigned. AT: "In the fifth year that Jorman son of Ahab was king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Jehoram began to reign ## +# fifth year + +"5th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Jehoram began to reign Jehoram, son of Jehoshaphat, became the king of Judah. -## Jehoram was thirty-two years old ## +# thirty-two years old -two years old** - "Jehoram was 32 years old" - -## he reigned for eight years ## - -"he reigned for 8 years." \ No newline at end of file +"32 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/18.md b/2ki/08/18.md index d0d7bd7420..ddf4ed6f18 100644 --- a/2ki/08/18.md +++ b/2ki/08/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Jehoram walked in the ways of the kings of Israel ## +# Jehoram walked in the ways of the kings of Israel -AT: "Jehoram was an evil king, just as other kings of Israel who ruled before him had been," +Here "walking" is an idiom that refers to how he lived and reigned as king. At this time in history, the recent kings of Israel had been evil kings. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Jehoram was an evil king, just as other kings of Israel who ruled before him had been" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## as the house of Ahab was doing ## +# as the house of Ahab was doing -AT: "the same as the other people in the family of his father-in-law, king Ahab of Israel were doing;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the "house" of Ahab refers to the members of Ahab's family and his recent descendants. Ahab is Jehoram father-in-law. AT: "the same as the rest of the family of Ahab was doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for he had Ahab's daughter as his wife ## +# for he had Ahab's daughter as his wife Jehoram had married king Ahab's daughter. -## he did what was evil in Yahweh's sight ## +# what was evil in Yahweh's sight -The words "Yahweh's sight" represent Yahweh himself. AT: "Jehoram did things that Yahweh considered very wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## destroy Judah ## +# destroy Judah -Here the name of the country "Judah" represents the people of that country. AT: "put an end to the people of Judah," +Here "Judah" is a metonym for the people who live there. AT: "destroy the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## since he had told him that he would always give him descendants ## +# since he had told him that he would always give him descendants -"since Yahweh had told David that he would always give David descendants." \ No newline at end of file +"since Yahweh had told David that he would always give David descendants." This refers to Yahweh's promise to David that his descendants would always rule Judah. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "since he had told David that his descendants would always rule Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/20.md b/2ki/08/20.md index 47f2097044..2e9e0acb74 100644 --- a/2ki/08/20.md +++ b/2ki/08/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah ## +# Edom revolted from under -AT: "The people of Edom rebelled against being controlled by the king of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Edom rebelled against" -## they set a king over themselves ## +# the hand of Judah -"the Edomites appointed a king to rule over themselves" +Here the word "hand" refers to the control of Judah, and "Judah" refers specifically to the king of Judah. AT: "the control of the king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Then Jehoram crossed over with his commanders and all his chariots ## +# they set a king over themselves -AT: "Then Jehoram crossed the enemy lines with his army and all their chariots." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +"they appointed a king to rule over themselves" -## It happened that he rose up at night and attacked and overwhelmed the Edomites, who had surrounded him and the commanders of the chariots ## +# Then Jehoram crossed over -AT: "At night, Jehoram's army attacked the Edomites who had been surrounding them." \ No newline at end of file +What was "crossed over" can be stated clearly. AT: "Then Jehoram crossed the enemy lines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/22.md b/2ki/08/22.md index b2ad98a6c6..a1ded08010 100644 --- a/2ki/08/22.md +++ b/2ki/08/22.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + King Jehoram of Judah dies and his son Ahaziah becomes king. -## So Edom has been in rebellion from the power of Judah to this present day ## +# So Edom has been in rebellion against the rule of Judah to this present day -AT: "So the people of Edom have been independent from the rule of Judah from that day on." or "Edom became a separate country from Judah from that time on." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"So after that, Edom was no longer controlled by Judah, and it is still like that" -## Libnah ## +# the rule of Judah -This is another city that was originally part of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here "Judah" refers to the king of Judah. AT: "the rule of the king of Judah" or "the authority of the king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## As for the other matters concerning Jehoram, all that he did ## +# to this present day -AT: "To read more about the history of Jehoram and what he did," +to the time that this book was written -## are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah? ## +# Libnah also revolted at the same time -AT: "These things are written in the historical record book of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Libnah rebelled against the king of Judah just as Edom had. AT: "During that same time, Libnah also rebelled against the king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Jehoram died and rested with his fathers ## +# Libnah -AT: "Jehoram died and was buried with his ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is another city that was originally part of Judah. Here "Libnah" refers to the people who live there. AT: "the people of Libnah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Then Ahaziah his son became king in his place ## +# As for the other matters concerning Jehoram, all that he did -"Then Ahaziah, Jehoram's son, became king after Jehoram died." \ No newline at end of file +"To read more about the history of Jehoram and what he did," + +# are they not written ... Judah? + +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Jehoram is in this other book. AT: "these things are written ... Judah." or "someone has written about them ... Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Jehoram died and rested with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers + +Here "rested" is a polite way of referring to someone dying. After he died, his body was buried in the same place as the bodies of his forefathers. The phrase "was buried" can be stated in active form. AT: "Jehoram died, and they buried him with his forefathers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then Ahaziah his son became king in his place + +"Then Ahaziah, Jehoram's son, became king after he died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/25.md b/2ki/08/25.md index 9df75e458f..9da90f5e57 100644 --- a/2ki/08/25.md +++ b/2ki/08/25.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Ahaziah becomes king of Judah. -## in the twelfth year of Joram ## +# In the twelfth year of Joram son of Ahab, king of Israel -"in year 12 of the reign of Joram king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This describes the time that Ahaziah began to reign as king of Judah by stating how long Joram, the current king of Israel, had reigned. AT: "in the twelfth year that Joram son of Ahab was king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## twenty-two years old ... one year ## +# twelfth year -two years old ... one year** - AT: "22 years old ... 1 year" +"12th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Athaliah, Omri ## +# twenty-two years -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"22 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Ahaziah walked in the ways of ## +# Athaliah ... Omri -AT: "Ahaziah lived the same way as" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Athaliah is the name of a woman. Omri is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the house of Ahab ## +# Ahaziah walked in the ways of -AT: "the family of Ahab;" +Here "walking" refers his behavior or the way in which he lived. AT: "Ahaziah lived the same way as the others in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he did what was evil in Yahweh's sight ## +# the house of Ahab -AT: "he did what Yahweh thought was evil." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the "house" of Ahab refers to his family. AT: "the family of Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a son-in-law to the house of Ahab + +This explains Ahaziah's family relationship to Ahab. Ahaziah's father was married to Ahab's daughter. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "the son of Ahab's son-in-law" or "a grandson of King Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/28.md b/2ki/08/28.md index 3cef914bf1..158f627e16 100644 --- a/2ki/08/28.md +++ b/2ki/08/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Ahaziah went with ## +# Ahaziah went with Joram son of Ahab, to fight against Hazael, king of Aram -AT: "Ahaziah and his army went with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The names of the three kings listed here are synecdoches and refer also to their armies that accompany them. AT: "Ahaziah's army joined the army of King Joram of Israel to fight against the army of King Hazael of Aram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Joram, the son of Ahab ## +# to be healed -AT: "Joram, the son of Ahab, and his army" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to heal" or "to recover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to fight against Hazael, king of Aram ## +# against Hazael king of Aram -AT: "to fight against the army of Hazael, king of Aram." +Here "Hazael" refers to himself and his army. AT: "the army of Hazael king of Aram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## that the Arameans had given him at Ramah ## +# Joram had been wounded -"he received during the battle with the Aramean soldiers at Ramah," \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Arameans had wounded Joram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/08/intro.md b/2ki/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d6e5ccbda1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The stories of of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Kings ##### +Elisha told Hazael that he would be king of Aram. Jehoram became king of Judah. He was evil so Edom and Libna revolted and chose their own kings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/01.md b/2ki/09/01.md index 5f9a55e378..776e385519 100644 --- a/2ki/09/01.md +++ b/2ki/09/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## one of the sons of the prophets ## +# the sons of the prophets -AT: "one of the men from the group of prophets" +This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). AT: "the group of the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## in your hand ## +# in your hand -AT: "with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The phrase "in your hand" refers to him taking the bottle with him. AT: "with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Ramoth Gilead ## +# Ramoth Gilead -This is the name of a city, which means "heights of Gilead." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [2 Kings 8:28](../08/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## companions ## +# Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi + +This means that Jehoshaphat is Jehu's father and that Nimshi is Jehoshapat's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# companions These are the people with whom Jehu was sitting. -## conduct him to ## +# conduct him to "go along with him to" or "take him along to" -## an inner chamber ## +# an inner chamber -"a private room." \ No newline at end of file +"a private room" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/04.md b/2ki/09/04.md index 22974395dd..09b57f650a 100644 --- a/2ki/09/04.md +++ b/2ki/09/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## behold ## +# behold The writer uses the word "behold" to direct attention to what follows. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you can use it here. -## the captains of the army were sitting ## +# the captains of the army were sitting -AT: "Jehu and some other army officers were sitting together." \ No newline at end of file +Jehu was sitting among the captains. You may introduce Jehu to the storyline here if this is necessary in your language. AT: "Jehu and some other army officers were sitting together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# To which of us + +The word "us" refers to Jehu and the other army captains. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/07.md b/2ki/09/07.md index 295787e6ea..1bb7450f18 100644 --- a/2ki/09/07.md +++ b/2ki/09/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + The young prophet continues to speak to Jehu, whom he had just anointed as king over Israel. -## by the hand of Jezebel ## +# I may avenge the blood of my servants the prophets, and the blood of all the servants of Yahweh -AT: "by an order from Jezebel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the "blood" of the prophets and the servants refers to their deaths. AT: "I may avenge the deaths of my servants the prophets and all the servants of Yahweh" or "so that I may punish them for murdering my servants the prophets and all the servants of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## For the whole family of Ahab will perish, and I will cut off from Ahab every male child ## +# the blood -AT: "Every member of Ahab's family will die, including every male child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The understood verb may be supplied. AT: "avenge the blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# who were murdered by the hand of Jezebel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Jezebel commanded her servants to murder" or "whose deaths were commanded by Jezebel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the hand of Jezebel + +This means that Jezebel commanded the people to be killed. AT: "by an order from Jezebel" or "by Jezebel's command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For the whole family of Ahab will perish, and I will cut off from Ahab every male child + +Here to be "cut off" means to be killed. AT: "For the whole family of Ahab will perish, and I will cause every male child in his family to be killed" or "Every member of Ahab's family will die, including every male child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# every male child + +This phrase is used to refer to every male, but it specifies "child" to emphasize that it includes children. AT: "every male" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/09.md b/2ki/09/09.md index 35826489ae..1b47271a38 100644 --- a/2ki/09/09.md +++ b/2ki/09/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -The young prophet continues to speak to Jehu, whom he had just anointed as king over Israel. +# General Information: -## I will make the house of Ahab like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat and like the house of Baasha the son of Anhijah ## +The young prophet continues to speak the words of Yahweh to Jehu, whom he had just anointed as king over Israel. -The prophet says that God will destroy Ahab and his family just as he destroyed Jeroboam and Baasha and their families. +# I will make the house of Ahab like -## The dogs will eat Jezebel ## +This means that God will destroy Ahab and his family just as he destroyed Jeroboam and Baasha and their families. AT: "I will get rid of the house of Ahab like I got rid of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "Dogs will eat the dead body of Jezebel" \ No newline at end of file +# the house of + +This phrase is used in this verse three times. Each time, the word "house" refers to the "family" of the man specified. AT: "the family of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Nebat ... Ahijah + +These are the names of men. Translate the name "Nebat" the same as you did in [2 Kings 3:3](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# The dogs will eat Jezebel + +This means that the dogs will eat her dead body. AT: "Dogs will eat the dead body of Jezebel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/11.md b/2ki/09/11.md index 39fd3c455f..21a9425dda 100644 --- a/2ki/09/11.md +++ b/2ki/09/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## the servants of his master ## +# the servants of his master This refers to the other officers who were serving King Ahab. -## mad fellow ## +# mad fellow "crazy man" -## You know the man and the kinds of things he says ## +# You know the man and the kinds of things he says -AT: "You know this type of man and what men like him say." +Jehu says that he is a young prophet and they all are familiar with the kinds of things young prophets generally say. AT: "You know what kinds of things young prophets like him say" -## He said this and that to me ## +# Tell us -AT: "He talked about some things," +"Tell us what he said" -## took off his outer garment put it under Jehu ## +# He said this and that to me -In this culture, putting clothing on the ground was a way of honoring the king, so that his feet would not touch the dirty ground. AT: "took off their outer clothes and put them in front of Jehu for him to walk on" \ No newline at end of file +"He talked about some things" + +# took off his outer garment and put it under Jehu + +In this culture, putting clothing on the ground was a way of honoring the king, so that his feet would not touch the dirty ground. AT: "took off their outer clothes and put them in front of Jehu for him to walk on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They blew the trumpet and said + +Not every man blew a trumpet. It is likely only one man blew a trumpet. AT: "One of them blew the trumpet and they all said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/14.md b/2ki/09/14.md index 8116fc1ec8..8e005204d2 100644 --- a/2ki/09/14.md +++ b/2ki/09/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## Now Joram ## +# Nimshi -"Now Joram and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Translate the name of this man the same as you did in [2 Kings 9:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the wounds that the Arameans had given him ## +# Now Joram -AT: "wounds that Joram got during the battle with the Aramean army," +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells background information about about how Joram was wounded and went to recover in Jezreel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Jehu said to the servants of Joram ## +# all Israel + +These refers only to the Israelite army and not to everyone who lives in Israel. AT: "he and his army" or "he and the Israelite army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to be healed of + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to recover from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the wounds that the Arameans had given him + +This means that he was wounded in battle with the Arameans. AT: "wounds that Joram got during the battle with the Aramean army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# against Hazael king of Aram + +This refers to Hazael and his army. AT: "against Hazael king of Aram and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Hazael + +Translate the name of this man the same as you did in [2 Kings 8:8](../08/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jehu said to the servants of Joram This refers to the officers who were with Joram at Ramoth Gilead. -## If this is your opinion ## +# If this is your opinion -AT: "If you truly want me to be your king," +"If you are in agreement with me" Jehu uses this phrase to refer to if people are supportive of him being king and of his decisions. AT: "If you truly want me to be your king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## then let no one escape and go out of the city, in order to go tell this news in Jezreel ## +# in order to go tell this news in Jezreel -AT: "then do not let anyone leave this city for the purpose of going to warn king Joram and his army in Jezreel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +This refers to telling Joram and his army of Jehu's plans. AT: "to warn king Joram and his army in Jezreel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Now Ahaziah king of Judah had come down to see Joram ## +# Now Ahaziah -King Ahaziah was also in Jezreel at this time, visiting Joram after he was injured in battle. \ No newline at end of file +The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells background information about Ahaziah visiting Joram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/17.md b/2ki/09/17.md index 6f99e25a07..bc8afba0be 100644 --- a/2ki/09/17.md +++ b/2ki/09/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## watchman ## +# watchman -This man was a guard (UDB) or lookout. +"guard" -## the company of Jehu as he came at a distance ## +# the company of Jehu as he came at a distance -AT: "Jehu and his men as they were still far away;" +"Jehu and his men as they were still far away" -## What have you to do with peace? ## +# What have you to do with peace? -Jehu was letting the messenger know that he had not come peacefully. AT: "It is not your concern if I have come in peace!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jehu uses this rhetorical question to tell the messenger that it is none of his concern if he comes in peace or not. This may be written as a statement. AT: "It is not your concern if I have come in peace!" or "It is not for you to know if I have come in peace!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## The messenger has met them, but he is not coming back ## +# The messenger has met them, but he is not coming back The watchman told King Joram that the man he sent out is not coming back with a reply to the king's question. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/19.md b/2ki/09/19.md index cf02f29032..a2d3d15dc5 100644 --- a/2ki/09/19.md +++ b/2ki/09/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Then he sent out a second man on horseback, who came to them ## +# Then he sent out a second man on horseback, who came to them -"Then king Joram sent a second messenger riding a horse, who went out to meet Jehu and his army." +"Then king Joram sent a second messenger riding a horse, who went out to meet Jehu and his army" -## What have you to do with peace? ## +# second man -Jehu tells second messenger the same thing he told the first messenger in [2 Kings 9:17](./17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"2nd man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# What have you to do with peace? + +Jehu uses this rhetorical question to tell the messenger that it is none of his concern if he comes in peace or not. This may be written as a statement. See how you translated this question in [2 Kings 9:18](./17.md). AT: "It is not your concern if I have come in peace!" or "It is not for you to know if I have come in peace!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For the way that the chariot is being driven is the way that Jehu son of Nimshi drives + +This may be stated in active form. AT: "Because the driver of the chariot drives the same way that Jehu son of Nimshi drives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/21.md b/2ki/09/21.md index 0df2aa8608..18e310237d 100644 --- a/2ki/09/21.md +++ b/2ki/09/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## They found him at ## +# each in his chariot + +"each in his own chariot" + +# They found him at "When they reached Jehu, he was at" -## What peace is there, when the idolatrous acts of prostitution and witchcraft of your mother Jezebel are so many? ## +# Naboth -AT: "There can be no peace as long as your mother Jezebel practices and promotes so much idolatry in the form of prostitution and witchcraft." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jezreelite + +This refers to a person from Jezreel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# What peace is there, when the idolatrous acts of prostitution and witchcraft of your mother Jezebel are so many? + +Jehu uses this rhetorical question to state why he is not coming in peace. This can be stated in active form. AT: "There can be no peace as long as your mother Jezebel practices and promotes so much idolatry in the form of prostitution and witchcraft." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/23.md b/2ki/09/23.md index d0e60ce533..00d355ab4e 100644 --- a/2ki/09/23.md +++ b/2ki/09/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## turned his chariot and fled ## +# turned his chariot and fled -"turned his chariot around to try to escape" +"turned his chariot around to try to flee" -## treachery ## +# treachery -Treachery means to trick or to deceive. +trickery or deception -## with his full strength ## +# with his full strength "with all of his strength" or "with all of his power" -## he sank down in his chariot ## +# he sank down in his chariot -"Joram fell down dead in his chariot." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Joram died from being shot with arrow. AT: "Joram fell down dead in his chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/25.md b/2ki/09/25.md index 79b187ba4b..3006fe1f56 100644 --- a/2ki/09/25.md +++ b/2ki/09/25.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## Bidkar ## +# Bidkar -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Pick him up ## +# Pick him up and throw him -"Pick up his dead body" or "Take his corpse" (UDB) +"Pick up his dead body and throw it" or "Take his corpse and throw it" -## Think about how ## +# Think about how "Remember" -## after Ahab his father ## +# after Ahab his father -"behind his father Ahab's chariot," +This means that they rode in the chariot behind Ahab's chariot. AT: "behind his father Ahab's chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Yahweh placed this prophecy against him ## +# Yahweh placed this prophecy against him -"Yahweh spoke this prophecy against Joram:" +"Yahweh spoke this prophecy against Ahab" -## the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons ## +# the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons -This means the murder of Naboth and his sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "blood" refers to "murder" AT: "the murder of Naboth and the murder of his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will repay you ## +# I will surely make you pay for it -"I will give you what you deserve for the evil you have done" +This means that he will punish Ahab as he deserves for the evil he has done. AT: "I will give you what you deserve for the evil you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## take him and throw him into that place, that field ## +# pick him up and throw him on this field -"take Joram's dead body and throw it into that same field, the field of Naboth," +"take Joram's dead body and throw it into the field of Naboth" -## to bring to pass what we were told would happen ## +# according to the word of Yahweh "to fulfill the prophecy spoken to us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/27.md b/2ki/09/27.md index ed09c5f7ae..4a43e24499 100644 --- a/2ki/09/27.md +++ b/2ki/09/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + This is the account of what happened to Ahaziah, the king of Judah, after Jehu killed Joram. -## saw this ## +# saw this -AT: "saw what happened to Joram" +"saw what happened to Joram" -## Beth Haggan, Gur, Ibleam, Megiddo ## +# Beth Haggan ... Gur ... Ibleam ... Megiddo -These are all names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## at the ascent of Gur, which is by Ibleam ## +# at the ascent of Gur -AT: "on the road leading up to a place called Gur, which is near the place called Ibleam." +The word "ascent" means that they were going up hill while travelling on the road to Gur. AT: "on the road leading up to Gur" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## sepulchre ## +# his fathers -This is a place where people buried dead bodies. \ No newline at end of file +"his ancestors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/29.md b/2ki/09/29.md index 6edf090f35..55e556dd74 100644 --- a/2ki/09/29.md +++ b/2ki/09/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Now it was in the eleventh year of Joram the son of Ahab that Ahaziah had begun to reign over Judah ## +# in the eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab -AT: "Now Ahab had become king of Judah in year 11 of Joram's reign over Israel." \ No newline at end of file +This describes the time that Ahaziah began to reign by stating how long the current king of Israel had reigned. AT: "in the eleventh year that Joram son of Ahab was king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# eleventh year + +"11th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/30.md b/2ki/09/30.md index a9dc489cee..1081026bb2 100644 --- a/2ki/09/30.md +++ b/2ki/09/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## painted her eyes, arranged her hair ## +# painted her eyes, arranged her hair -AT: "put on makeup and made her hair look nice," +"put on makeup, made her hair look nice" -## Are you coming in peace ## +# Are you coming in peace, you Zimri, your master's murderer? -AT: "You are certainly not coming in peace!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jezebel uses this rhetorical question to accuse Jehu of not coming peacefully. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You are certainly not coming in peace, you Zimri, your master's murderer!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## you Zimri, your master's murderer ## +# you Zimri, your master's murderer -Zimri was a commander of the army of Israel who murdered the king of Israel because he wanted to be king. AT: "You murdered your master, just like Zimri murdered his master!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +Here Jezebel calls Jehu "Zimri" to say that he is a murderer. Zimri was a commander of the army of Israel who murdered the king of Israel because he wanted to be king. AT: "you murdered your master, just like Zimri murdered his master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Who is on my side? ## +# Zimri -AT: "Who will help me?" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Who is on my side + +To "be on someone's side" means to be loyal to them and supportive of them. AT: "Who is loyal to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/33.md b/2ki/09/33.md index ed093f6a0b..e994780907 100644 --- a/2ki/09/33.md +++ b/2ki/09/33.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Throw her down ## +# Throw her down Jehu was telling the eunuchs to throw Jezebel out of the window. -## So they threw Jezebel down ## +# So they threw Jezebel down The eunuchs threw Jezebel out of the high window and she died when she hit the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## and Jehu trampled her under foot ## +# Jehu trampled her underfoot -AT: "and Jehu's horses that were pulling his chariot trampled her body under their feet." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This means that he drove his horses over her body. AT: "Jehu's horses that were pulling his chariot trampled her body under their feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## See now to this cursed woman ## +# See now to -AT: "Now go and bury Jezebel's dead body," +The phrase "see now to" means to give your attention to whatever is specified. AT: "Now go to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## for she is a king's daughter ## +# for she is a king's daughter -AT: "because, after all, we must bury the daughter of a king with some respect." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) \ No newline at end of file +Since Jezebel was the daughter of a king, it was necessary to bury her properly. AT: "because she is a king's daughter and therefore should be buried properly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/35.md b/2ki/09/35.md index b24a0bc08e..cc9cfb929b 100644 --- a/2ki/09/35.md +++ b/2ki/09/35.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## the palms of her hands ## +# they found no more of her than + +"they found no more of her body than" This can be stated in positive form. AT: "all they found that was left of her body were" + +# the palms of her hands The palm is the inner part of the hand. -## so no one will be able to say, "This is Jezebel" ## +# the Tishbite -AT: "so no one will be able to recognize her body." or "so no one will be able to tell this was Jezebel." \ No newline at end of file +This refers to someone from the city of Tishbe. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the body of Jezebel will be like dung on the surface of the fields ... so that no one will be able to say + +This speaks of the pieces of Jezebel's body being scattered in the field as if they were dung spread in the field. Since the pieces of her body were so small and spread out there was nothing that could be collected and buried. AT: "the pieces of Jezebel's body will be scattered like dung in the fields ... so that no one will be able to recognize them and say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# dung + +"manure." This refers specifically to dung used as a fertilizer. + +# so that no one will be able to say, "This is Jezebel." + +"so that no one will be able to recognize her body." or "so no one will be able to tell this was Jezebel." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/09/intro.md b/2ki/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8af1c1a40f --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The life of Elisha continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### King Jehu ##### +Elisha told a young prophet to go and tell Jehu that God had made him the new king. Jehu killed the kings of both Israel and Judah and Jezebel, the mother of the king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/01.md b/2ki/10/01.md index 1ae259f494..c3f446768c 100644 --- a/2ki/10/01.md +++ b/2ki/10/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Jehu wrote letters and sent them to Samaria, to the rulers of Jezreel, including the elders and the guardians of Ahab's descendants​ ## +# seventy descendants -​AT: "Jehu wrote and sent letters to the rulers of Jezreel in Samaria. These rulers included the elders and guardians of Ahabs descendants" +"70 descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## set him on his father’s throne ## +# Jehu wrote letters and sent them to Samaria -AT: "give him his father's kingdom," or "make him king in his father's place," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This means that Jehu sent a messenger to deliver the letters. AT: "Jehu wrote letters and sent a messenger to deliver them in Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your master’s royal line ## +# saying, "Your master's -"Ahab's descendants" \ No newline at end of file +"The letters said, 'Your master's" + +# set him on his father's throne + +Here, sitting on the king's throne means to be appointed as king. AT: "make him king in his father's place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for your master's royal line + +"your master's descendants." Here the man that they selected to be king is referred to as Ahab's royal line of descendants. AT: "to defend your master's descendant" or "to defend him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/04.md b/2ki/10/04.md index af05cad872..4003fcba7a 100644 --- a/2ki/10/04.md +++ b/2ki/10/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## But they were terrified ## +# But they were terrified "Then they were very afraid" -## the two kings ## +# the two kings "two kings, Joram and Ahaziah" -## could not stand before Jehu ## +# could not stand before Jehu -"could not resist him" (UDB) +Here "stand" means to be able to endure under trouble. AT: "could not endure against Jehu" or "could not resist Jehu" -## So how can we stand? ## +# So how can we stand? -"how can we resist him?" (UDB) or "we cannot resist him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The descendants use the rhetorical question to imply that they cannot stand against Jehu. AT: "We cannot stand against him either!" or "We cannot resist him either!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Then the man who was in charge of the palace, and the man who was over the city, and the elders also, and they who raised the children ## +# the man who was over the city -AT: "Then the rulers of Jezreel, the elders and those who raised Ahab's children" (See: [2 Kings 10:1](./01.md)) +"the mayor of the city." Here to be "over" something means to have authority and responsibility over it. AT: "the man who was in charge of the city" -## good in your eyes ## +# they who raised the children -"You do whatever you think is the best" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the people who raised the king's children. AT: "they who raised the king's children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Do what is good in your eyes + +Here Jehu's "eyes" refer to his "sight." His "sight" refers to what he thinks. AT: "Do what you judge to be right" or "Do whatever you think is the best" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/06.md b/2ki/10/06.md index 1e4519816d..af78bb3e3f 100644 --- a/2ki/10/06.md +++ b/2ki/10/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## if you will listen to my voice ## +# second time -AT: "if you will listen to what I say and obey it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"2nd time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## you must take the heads of the men of your master’s descendants ## +# on my side -"kill King Ahab's descendants and cut off their heads" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +To "be on someone's side" means to be loyal to them and supportive of them. AT: "loyal to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# listen + +to hear and obey + +# to my voice + +Here Jehu's "voice" refer to what he says. AT: "to what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you must take the heads ... and come to me + +It is implied that they are to bring the heads of the Ahab's descendant and present them to Jehu. AT: "you must take the heads ... and bring them to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you must take the heads of the men of your master's descendants + +This refers to killing them and removing their heads. AT: "kill your master's descendants and cut off their heads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# seventy in number ... seventy persons + +"70 in number ... 70 persons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who were bringing them up + +This means that they were supervising them and teaching them. AT: "who were raising them" or "who were supervising them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# sent them to Jehu + +This means that they sent people to deliver the baskets to Jehu. AT: "sent people to take them to Jehu" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/08.md b/2ki/10/08.md index 1204852279..7e708f66de 100644 --- a/2ki/10/08.md +++ b/2ki/10/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## of the king's sons ## +# of the king's sons -"of Ahab's descendants" (UDB) +"of Ahab's descendants" -## Jehu went out and stood ## +# Jehu went out and stood -AT: "Jehu went to the city gate and stood before the people" +"Jehu went to the city gate and stood before the people" -## You are innocent ## +# You are innocent -AT: "You did not kill king Joram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +It can be stated clearly what they were innocent of. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "You are innocent of what happened to Joram" or 2) this means that they are not held responsible for the deaths of Joram's family. AT: "You are innocent of what happened to Joram and his family" or "You are innocent of this matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## See, I plotted against my master and killed him ## +# See -"See" is to bring attention to what Jehu is about to say. AT: "Hear my words, I was the one who planned to harm king Joram and killed him," +Jehu uses this word here to draw the peoples' attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" or "Hear my words" -## but who killed all these? ## +# but who killed all these? -AT: "but it was Yahweh who commanded the deaths of all Ahab's descendants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jehu uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think deeply about the situation. This can be written as a statement. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "but the men of Samaria are responsible for killing Ahab's 70 descendants" or 2) AT: "but it was Yahweh's will for these men to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/10.md b/2ki/10/10.md index ca7aabefd0..f5725003ed 100644 --- a/2ki/10/10.md +++ b/2ki/10/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## certainly realize ## +# certainly realize "understand" or "be aware of the fact that" -## no part of Yahweh's word, the word that he spoke concerning the family of Ahab, will fall to the ground ## +# no part of Yahweh's word ... will fall to the ground -AT: "Not one word that Yahweh spoke about Ahab's family will fail," or "Every word that Yahweh spoke about Ahab's family will come to pass," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This speaks of everything happening that Yahweh has said will happen as if it were something that did not die and fall to the ground. AT: "No part of Yahweh's word ... will fail" or "every part of Yahweh's word ... will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## until none of them remained ## +# Yahweh has done -AT: "until he killed all of them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of Yahweh causing Ahab's descendants to be killed as if he killed them himself. AT: "Yahweh has caused to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So Jehu killed all ... and his priests + +Jehu did not kill all of these people personally, rather he commanded for them to be killed. AT: "So Jehu commanded for all ... to be killed" or "So Jehu commanded for all ... to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all who remained + +"all who were alive" or "all who were left" + +# until none of them remained + +This means that they had all been killed. AT: "until all of them had been killed" or "until all of them were dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/12.md b/2ki/10/12.md index 143245b10c..644f4739cb 100644 --- a/2ki/10/12.md +++ b/2ki/10/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Beth Eked of the shepherd ## +# Beth Eked of the shepherd This was the name of a place where sheep were sheared. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## going down to greet ## +# going down to greet "going to visit" -## Take them alive ## +# the children of the king -"Seize them!" (UDB) AT: "Capture them so we can kill them." +"the children of King Joram" -## So they took them alive ## +# Take them alive + +This means to capture them, but not to kill them. AT: "Seize them!" or "Capture them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# So they took them alive "So they captured them" -## He did not leave any of them alive ## +# forty-two men -AT: "He killed all of them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +"42 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He did not leave any of them alive + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "He killed all of them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/15.md b/2ki/10/15.md index b3af3e207a..49970b56b3 100644 --- a/2ki/10/15.md +++ b/2ki/10/15.md @@ -1,31 +1,23 @@ -## Jonadab the son of Rechab ## +# Jehonadab son of Recab -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Is your heart with me, as mine is with yours? ## +# Is your heart with me, as my heart is with yours? ... "It is." -AT: "Will you be loyal to me, as I will be loyal to you?" or "Will you be faithful to me as I will be to you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here a person's "heart" refers to their loyality. If a person's loyalty is "with someone," it means that they are loyal to that person. AT: "Will you be loyal to me, as I will be loyal to you? ... 'I will.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## It is ## +# If it is, give me your hand -If using either of the alternate translations for the previous question, the answer would be AT: "I will." +"If so, put your hand in mine" or "If so, let us shake hands" In many cultures, when two people shake hands, it confirms their agreement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## If it is, give me your hand ## +# see my zeal -AT: "If so, put your hand in mine" or "If so, let us shake hands." In many cultures, when two people shake hands, it confirms their agreement. +The word "zeal" may be expressed as an adjective. AT: "see how zealous I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Jehu took him up to him into the chariot ## +# royal line -"Jehu took Jonadab up into his chariot with him." +"entire royal family" -## and see my zeal for Yahweh ## +# just as was told them before by the word of Yahweh, which he had spoken to Elijah -"and you will see how devoted I am to Yahweh." - -## So he had Jonadab ride in his chariot ## - -"So Jehu had Jonadab ride along with him in Jehu's chariot." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## just as was told them before by the word of Yahweh, which he had spoken to Elijah ## - -AT: "to fulfill the prophecy that Elijah had spoken, which Yahweh gave to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to fulfill the prophecy that Elijah had spoken, which Yahweh gave to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/18.md b/2ki/10/18.md index 684440c50a..5beb94f3dc 100644 --- a/2ki/10/18.md +++ b/2ki/10/18.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## ​gathered ## +# gathered "called" -## all the people together ## +# all the people together "all the people of Samaria" -## serve him much ## +# serve him much -"serve him much more than Ahab." +"serve him much more than Ahab" -## Now therefore call to me all the prophets of Baal, all his worshipers, and all his priests ## +# Let no one be left out -AT: "Now summon all the prophets, the worshipers and the priests of Baal." +"Do not leave anyone out" -## Let no one be left out ## +# Whoever does not come will not live -AT: "Do not leave anyone out," +This means that if they do not come they will be executed. AT: "We will execute anyone who does not come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Whoever does not come will not live ## +# Set a time -"We will execute anyone who does not come." - -## solemn ## - -"serious" \ No newline at end of file +This means to designate and prepare a period of time for something. In this case they were to prepare for an assembly for Baal. AT: "Prepare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/21.md b/2ki/10/21.md index 2640b9c8db..29b045a2f3 100644 --- a/2ki/10/21.md +++ b/2ki/10/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## so that there was not a man left who did not come ## +# Then Jehu sent -AT: "so that every worshipper of Baal was there." or "so that every man came." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This means that he sent messengers to take this message throughout the land. AT: "Then Jehu sent messengers" or "Then Jehu sent the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## They came into the temple of Baal ## +# so that there was not a man left who did not come -"They went into the temple of Baal," \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "so that every worshiper of Baal was there" or "so that every man came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# it was filled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they filled it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who kept the priest's wardrobe + +Here "to keep" something means to care for it and oversee it. AT: "who was in charge of the priest's wardrobe" or "who cared for the priest's wardrobe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/23.md b/2ki/10/23.md index 4460f9eab0..d0e376353e 100644 --- a/2ki/10/23.md +++ b/2ki/10/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## So Jehu went with Jehonadab the son of Rechab into the house of Baal ## +# he said to the worshipers of Baal -AT: "Jehu and Jehonadab, the son of Rechab, went together into the temple of Baal," +"Jehu said to the people who were in the temple to worship Baal" -## and he said to the worshipers of Baal ## +# but the worshipers of Baal alone -"and Jehu said to the people who were in the temple to worship Baal," +"but that only worshipers of Baal are here" -## Search and make sure that there is no one here with you from the servants of Yahweh, but the worshipers of Baal alone ## +# If any of the men whom I bring into your hands escapes -AT: "Look around to make sure there are no people here who serve Yahweh, but only people who worship Baal." +Here the "hands" of the men refer to their "control." By being stationed around the temple they were in control of the situation and it was up to them whether people were able to escape or not. AT: "If any of these men that I brought into your control escapes" or "If any of the men that are inside gets away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## If any of the men whom I bring into your hands escapes ## +# whoever lets that man escape, his life will be taken for the life of the one who escaped -AT: "If any of these men that I brought into your control escapes," or "If any of the men inside gets away," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"we will kill the man who let him escape" -## whoever lets that man escape, his life will be taken for the life of he who escaped ## +# his life will be taken -AT: "we will kill the man who let him escape." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. This is a polite way to refer to a person being killed. AT: "we will take his life" or "we will kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the life of the one + +"in exchange for the life of the man." Here this man is referred to by his "life" to emphasize that he did not die. AT: "for the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/25.md b/2ki/10/25.md index d076871831..5ddcfb0f79 100644 --- a/2ki/10/25.md +++ b/2ki/10/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## he said to the guard and to the captains ## +# he said to the guard and to the captains -"he went back outside of the temple of Baal and said to the guards and captains," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +You may need to state that Jehu came out of the temple before he spoke to the guard. AT: "he went back outside of the temple of Baal and said to the guards and captains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Let no one come out ## +# with the edge of the sword -AT: "Do not let anyone escape." +The men used swords to kill the worshipers of Baal. This phrase refers to their swords. AT: "with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## with the edge of the sword ## +# threw them out -"with their swords," (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This means that threw the dead bodies of the people out of the temple. AT: "threw their dead bodies out of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## threw them out ## +# made it a latrine -"threw their dead bodies out of the temple" +"made it a public toilet" A latrine is a bathroom, or a toilet area, usually for a camp or buildings used to house soldiers. -## made it into a latrine ## +# which it is to this day -A latrine is a bathroom, or a toilet area, usually for a camp or buildings used to house soldiers. AT: "made it a public toilet," \ No newline at end of file +This means that something has remained in a certain condition until the present time. AT: "and since then it has always been that way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/29.md b/2ki/10/29.md index d20329a174..02688c71d4 100644 --- a/2ki/10/29.md +++ b/2ki/10/29.md @@ -1,27 +1,47 @@ -## in executing ## +# did not leave the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat + +This speaks of Jehu committing the same sins that Jeroboam committed, as if Jeroboam's sins were a place that Jehu did not leave. AT: "did not stop committing the kinds of sins that Jeroboam son of Nebat had committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Nebat + +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Kings 3:3](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Israel sin + +Here "Israel" refers to the people who live there. AT: "the people of Israel sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in executing "in carrying out" or "in accomplishing" -## what was right in my eyes ## +# what was right in my eyes -"what I considered right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what I judge to be right" or "what I consider to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## all that was in my heart ## +# the house of Ahab -"all that I wanted you to do," +Here Ahab's "house" refers to his "family." AT: "the family of Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## sit on the throne ## +# all that was in my heart -"be the kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the "heart" represents "desire." AT: "all that I desired for you to do" or "all that I wanted you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to the fourth generation ## +# sit on the throne -son, and grandson, and great-grandson, and great-great-grandson (UDB) +Sitting on the throne represents ruling as king. AT: "be the kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Jehu took no care to walk in the Law of Yahweh, the God of Israel, with all his heart ## +# to the fourth generation -AT: "But Jehu was not careful to follow the Law of Yahweh, the God of Israel, in everything he did." +This refers to his son, grandson, great-grandson, and great-great-grandson. AT: "to the 4th generation" or "for four more generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## He did not turn away from the sins of Jerobaom, by which he made Israel sin ## +# Jehu took no care to walk in the law of Yahweh -AT: "Jehu did not stop from sinning in the same ways as Jerobaom, which caused the people of Israel to sin." \ No newline at end of file +Here "walking" refers to "living." AT: "Jehu was not careful to live according to the law of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with all his heart + +Here the "heart" refers to a person's will and desire. AT: "in everything that he did" or "with all of his will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He did not turn away from the sins of Jeroboam + +To "turn away" from something means to stop doing it. AT: "Jehu did not stop from sinning in the same ways as Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/32.md b/2ki/10/32.md index c9564875fd..b4f4e13247 100644 --- a/2ki/10/32.md +++ b/2ki/10/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## regions ## +# began to cut off regions from Israel + +"began to cause the territory controlled by Israel to become smaller" + +# regions "areas of land" -## from Israel ## +# Hazael defeated -"from the nation of Israel's control," +Here "Hazael" refers to himself and his army. AT: "Hazael and his army" or "King Hazael's Aramean army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Hazael ## +# Hazael -AT: "King Hazael's Aramean army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +See how you translated this king's name in [2 Kings 8:8](../08/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Aroer, Arnon, Gilead, Bashan ## +# from the Jordan eastward -These are all names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"from the land east of the Jordan" + +# Aroer ... Bashan + +These are all names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Arnon + +"the Arnon River" This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/34.md b/2ki/10/34.md index 115386e1e8..cb15bd297f 100644 --- a/2ki/10/34.md +++ b/2ki/10/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel? ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -"They are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/17.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the history of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Jehu slept with his ancestors, and they buried him in Samaria ## +# Jehu slept with his ancestors, and they buried him in Samaria -AT: "Jehu died and they buried him in Samaria, where they had also buried his ancestors." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This means that Jehu died. This speaks of him being buried where his ancestors were buried as if he were sleeping with them. AT: "Jehu died and they buried him in Samaria, where they had also buried his ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Jehoahaz ## +# Jehoahaz -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The time that Jehu reigned over Israel in Samaria was twenty-eight years + +"Jehu reigned over Israel in Samaria for twenty-eight years" + +# twenty-eight years + +"28 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/10/intro.md b/2ki/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cceca3aef1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 2 Kings 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +God's prophecy against the family of Ahab was fulfilled. Jehu killed all of Ahab's descendants and all the worshipers of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/01.md b/2ki/11/01.md index b120a742f0..fd5d6e15da 100644 --- a/2ki/11/01.md +++ b/2ki/11/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Athaliah, Jehosheba, Joash ## +# Athaliah ... Jehosheba ... Joash -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## saw that her son was dead ## +# saw that her son was dead -AT: "became aware that her son was dead," +"became aware that her son was dead" -## she arose and killed all the royal children ## +# she arose and killed all the royal children -"she commanded that all the members of Ahaziah's family who might become king must be executed" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Athaliah did not personally kill the children. AT: "she commanded her servants to kill all the members of Ahaziah's family who might become king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## took Joash, the son of Ahaziah, and hid him away from among the king’s sons who were killed, along with his nurse; she put them into a bedroom. They hid him from Athaliah so that he was not killed ## +# took Joash son of Ahaziah, and hid him away from among the king's sons who were killed, along with his nurse; she put them into a bedroom. They hid him from Athaliah so that he was not killed. -"​took Ahaziah's very young son Joash and hid him and his nursemaid in a bedroom in the temple. So he was not killed." (UDB) +"took Ahaziah's very young son Joash and hid him and his nursemaid in a bedroom in the temple. So he was not killed" -## He was with Jehosheba, hidden in the house of Yahweh, for six years, while Athaliah reigned over the land ## +# He remained with her six years, hidden in the house of Yahweh, while Athaliah reigned over the land -AT: "Joash and Jehosheba hid six years in the house of Yahweh as Athaliah ruled the land." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joash and Jehosheba hid him in the house of Yahweh for six years while Athaliah ruled the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## land ## +# land "kingdom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/04.md b/2ki/11/04.md index 3f8612630b..0cac6864cf 100644 --- a/2ki/11/04.md +++ b/2ki/11/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + This continues the story of what happens after Joash, the son of King Azahiah, was hidden in the temple after all King Azahiah's other descendants were killed. -## In the seventh year ## +# In the seventh year "In the seventh year of Athaliah's reign" or "In year 7 of Athaliah's reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Jehoiada ## +# Jehoiada the high priest (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Carites ## +# the commanders of hundreds + +The phrases "commander of hundreds" is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word "hundreds" represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "hundreds" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. AT: "the commanders of military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Carites This is the name of a particular group of the royal guards. -## brought them to himself ## +# brought them to himself -Jehoiada, the high priest, had these military men report to him at the temple. +"had them come to meet with him." Jehoiada, the high priest, had these military men report to him at the temple. -## Then he showed them the king's son ## +# Then he showed them the king's son Jehoiada revealed to them that Joash, King Azahiah's son, was still alive. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/07.md b/2ki/11/07.md index 3ccc351c6d..3e3607eaa6 100644 --- a/2ki/11/07.md +++ b/2ki/11/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Jehoiada continues giving directions to the soldiers who will protect King Joash. -## for the king ## +# for the king -AT: "in order to protect King Joash." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +They were to keep watch for the purpose of protecting the king from harm. AT: "in order to protect King Joash" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Whoever enters within your ranks ## +# Whoever enters within your ranks -A rank refers to a line of soldiers. AT: "Anyone who comes near as you are protecting King Joash," +"Anyone who tries to go past you while you are protecting King Joash." A rank refers to a line of soldiers. -## You must stay with the king when he goes out, and when he comes in ## +# let him be killed -AT: "You must stay near the king at all times." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You must stay with the king when he goes out, and when he comes in + +These two opposite things are a merism that refers to everything the king does. AT: "You must stay near the king at all times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/09.md b/2ki/11/09.md index 64cdcb005d..09a7d3e6d2 100644 --- a/2ki/11/09.md +++ b/2ki/11/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the commanders of hundreds ## +# the commanders of hundreds -AT: "the captains" +The phrase "commander of hundreds" is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word "hundreds" represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "hundreds" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. AT: "the commanders of military divisions" See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Each one ## +# Each one -"Each captain" +"Each commander" -## handed over to ## +# were in the house of Yahweh -"gave to" \ No newline at end of file +"were stored in the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/11.md b/2ki/11/11.md index 8ffb76c473..45979e4499 100644 --- a/2ki/11/11.md +++ b/2ki/11/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## brought out the king's son Joash ## +# from the right side of the temple to the left side, near the altar and the temple + +Some versions translate the first two occurrences of "temple" as "palace." These versions say, "from the right side of the palace to the left side of the palace, near the altar and the temple." + +# brought out the king's son Joash Jehoiada, the high priest, brought king Ahaziah's son, Joash, out from the temple apartment where he had been raised in hiding. -## gave him the covenant decrees ## +# gave him the covenant decrees "presented him with the book of the law" -## clapped their hands ## +# anointed him + +The priest poured olive oil on the head of Joash as a symbol that he was now the king. AT: "poured some olive oil on Joash's head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# clapped their hands Clapping their hands was a sign of the happiness of the people at the anointing of the new king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/13.md b/2ki/11/13.md index 92254227a0..eee9b6dbcb 100644 --- a/2ki/11/13.md +++ b/2ki/11/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## she came to the people in the house of Yahweh ## +# the noise of the guard -AT: "she came to where the people had gathered at the temple." +This refers to the noise made by all the soldiers. -## She looked, and behold, the king Joash ## +# she came to the people in the house of Yahweh -"When she arrived, she saw the King Joash" +"she came to where the people had gathered at the temple" -## according to custom ## +# She looked, and, behold, the king was standing -"which was the usual place for the king to stand," \ No newline at end of file +"When she arrived, she was surprised to see King Joash standing" + +# by the pillar + +"by one of the pillars of the temple" + +# as the custom was + +"which was the usual place for the king to stand" + +# the trumpeters + +"the people who played the trumpets" + +# Athaliah tore her clothes + +She tore her clothes to express that she was very upset and angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Treason! Treason! + +"You are traitors! You have betrayed me!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/15.md b/2ki/11/15.md index d3318bb861..c5057adc20 100644 --- a/2ki/11/15.md +++ b/2ki/11/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Bring her out between the ranks ## +# the commanders of hundreds -"Take her away between two rows of guards" (UDB) Ranks are lines or rows of soldiers. +The phrase "commander of hundreds" is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word "hundreds" represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "hundreds" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. AT: "the commanders of military divisions" See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Anyone who follows her ## +# Bring her out between the ranks -AT: "Anyone who follows to try to rescue her," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"Take her away between two rows of guards" or "Lead her away with a row of soldiers on each side of her." Ranks are lines or rows of soldiers. -## So they made way for her ## +# Anyone who follows her -"So the guards seized her and led her away" +It is implied that a person who followed her would be trying to help her. AT: "Anyone who follows to try to rescue her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and she went by way of the horse gate to the king's house ## +# they seized her as she reached the place where the horses enter the palace grounds -"to the place where horses come into the palace grounds," \ No newline at end of file +Some versions translate this as "the guards seized her and took her to the palace, to the place where horses enter the courtyard." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/17.md b/2ki/11/17.md index 89ae67b0e3..6656308b41 100644 --- a/2ki/11/17.md +++ b/2ki/11/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## and also between the king and the people ## +# also between the king and the people -"and also made a covenant between the king and the people." +"also made a covenant between the king and the people" -## the house of Baal ## +# all the people of the land + +This is a generalization to show that a large group of people tore down the temple of Baal. AT: a large number of the people of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the house of Baal "the temple of Baal" -## Mattan ## +# Mattan -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Then the priest appointed guards over the temple of Yahweh ## - -AT: "Then Jehoiada, the priest, posted guards to protect the temple of Yahweh." \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a male priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/19.md b/2ki/11/19.md index 251877641a..832a2ac69f 100644 --- a/2ki/11/19.md +++ b/2ki/11/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -The new king, Joash, is taken from the temple to the palace. +# General Information: -## Carites ## +They take the new king, Joash, from the temple to the palace. + +# the commanders of hundreds + +The phrase "commander of hundreds" is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word "hundreds" represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "hundreds" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. AT: "the commanders of military divisions" See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Carites This is the name of a particular group of the royal guards. -## the city was quiet ## +# brought down the king from the house of Yahweh and they went into the king's house -"calm" or "peaceful" \ No newline at end of file +"brought the king from the temple to the palace" + +# all the people of the land rejoiced + +This is a generalization. It is possible that some did not rejoice. AT: "many people in the land rejoiced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the city was quiet + +"the city was calm" or "the city was peaceful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/21.md b/2ki/11/21.md index 703343e93a..4d8885f32c 100644 --- a/2ki/11/21.md +++ b/2ki/11/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Joash was seven years old ## +# Joash was seven years old "Joash was 7 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/11/intro.md b/2ki/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4cc34dec5b --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is the beginning of the story of the spiritual revival in Judah under Joash. The people returned to properly worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Athaliah's evil actions ##### +The mother of the king of Judah, Athaliah, killed all the royal children so that she could rule. She was not able to kill the baby Joash because his aunt hid him in the temple. When Joash was seven years old, the chief priest conspired with the army and made Joash king. They killed Athaliah and destroyed the temple of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/01.md b/2ki/12/01.md index 1049962c31..0706350bf5 100644 --- a/2ki/12/01.md +++ b/2ki/12/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## In the seventh year of Jehu ## +# In the seventh year of Jehu -AT: "During year 7 of the reign of Jehu over Israel," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"During year 7 of the reign of Jehu over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the reign of Joash began ## +# the reign of Joash began -AT: "Joash began to reign over Judah." +"Joash began to reign over Judah" -## Zibiah ## +# Zibiah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This was the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## what was right in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# Zibiah, of Beersheba -The phrase "eyes of Yahweh" represents Yahweh's entire being. AT: "what was pleasing to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Zibiah, from the city of Beersheba" -## instructing him ## +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh -"teaching him." +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what Yahweh judges to be right" or "what Yahweh considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but the shrines were not taken away. The people still sacrificed and burned incense at them ## +# instructing him -AT: "But the people continued to go to places that were unacceptable to Yahweh, to make sacrifices and burn incense." \ No newline at end of file +"teaching him" + +# But the high places were not taken away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But the people did not destroy the high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The people still sacrificed and burned incense on the high places + +Yawheh forbid the people to worship at these place. This can be made explicit. AT: "The people continued to go to places that were unacceptable to Yahweh, to make sacrifices and burn incense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/04.md b/2ki/12/04.md index afdfd43fa0..294991158d 100644 --- a/2ki/12/04.md +++ b/2ki/12/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the consecrated silver ## +# the money that is brought in as sacred offerings into the house of Yahweh -The silver was set apart for the repair of the house of Yahweh +This refers to money that people gave to support the temple. This money came in three forms that are described in the rest of the sentence. -## from one of the treasurers ## +# money brought in by people motivated by Yahweh in their hearts to give -there were persons who kept the silver (money) and who distributed it when repairs to the house of Yahweh were to be made \ No newline at end of file +This refers to money that people decided to freely give to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/06.md b/2ki/12/06.md index 7da79a7fbe..c004f94aa3 100644 --- a/2ki/12/06.md +++ b/2ki/12/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Why are you not repairing the damage to the temple? ## +# by the twenty-third year of King Joash -AT: "You should have been repairing the temple!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"when Joash had been king for twenty three years" -## but take what has been collected for repairs of the temple ## +# Why have you not repaired anything in the temple? -AT: "but take the money that has been collected and use it for repairs of the temple" +Joash asks this question to rebuke the priests. AT: "You should have been repairing the temple!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## but hand it over to those who can make repairs ## +# give it to those who can make the repairs -AT: "to pay workers who know how and will make the repairs." \ No newline at end of file +"pay workers who will do the repairs" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/09.md b/2ki/12/09.md index b1a5398ddb..d52517b1ed 100644 --- a/2ki/12/09.md +++ b/2ki/12/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Instead ## +# Instead -"Instead of the priests collecting the money," +"Instead of the priests collecting the money" -## as one comes into the house of Yahweh ## +# on the right side as one comes into the house of Yahweh -AT: "of the entrance to the temple." +"on the right side of the entrance to the temple" -## put into it ## +# put into it -"put into the chest" or "put in the box" (UDB) +"put into the chest" or "put in the box" -## the money found ## +# the money that was brought -AT: "the money that had been put in the chest" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the money that people brought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# put the money in bags and then count it + +Many versions put this in a more logical order such as "count the money and put it in bags." + +# put the money in bags + +Possible meanings are 1) "put the money in bags" or 2) "tied up the money in bags" . + +# the money found + +"the money that they found in the chest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/11.md b/2ki/12/11.md index 34f6f3f3a6..e63cd1a017 100644 --- a/2ki/12/11.md +++ b/2ki/12/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## weighed out ## +# weighed out -AT: "counted out" or "given out" +"counted" -## into the hands of the men ## +# into the hands of men -"to the men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "hands" refers to the men. AT: "to men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## who took care of ## +# who took care of the temple -AT: "who were working on the repairs of" +"who repaired the temple" -## carpenters ## +# carpenters -These are people who build and repair things made of wood. +people who build and repair things made of wood -## masons ## +# masons -These are people who build with stone. +people who build with stone -## for buying timber and cutting stone ## +# stonecutters -"to use for buying wood and stone to cut" \ No newline at end of file +people who cut stones into the correct size and shape + +# for buying timber and cutting stone + +"to buy wood and to cut stone" + +# for all that was needed to be paid to repair it + +"to pay for all of the needed repairs" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/13.md b/2ki/12/13.md index 88f6c7feb1..5e273ba0aa 100644 --- a/2ki/12/13.md +++ b/2ki/12/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## silver cups, lamp trimmers, basins, trumpets, or any gold or silver furnishing ## +# did not pay to make for it any + +"was not spent to pay for any of the temple's" + +# silver cups, lamp trimmers, basins, trumpets, or any gold or silver furnishing These are items that would have been used by the priests for various temple tasks, such as sacrifices or festivals. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/15.md b/2ki/12/15.md index 125513e8b4..47190ad975 100644 --- a/2ki/12/15.md +++ b/2ki/12/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## to be accounted for ## +# they did not require the money paid for repairs to be accounted for by the men who received it and paid it to the workmen -to keep a record of how much money was spent +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they did not require the men who received the money and paid the workmen for the repairs to account for the money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## was not brought into the temple of Yahweh ## +# to be accounted for -AT: "did not pay for the repairs of the temple of Yahweh," \ No newline at end of file +to keep a record of how much money was received and spent + +# the money for the guilt offerings and the money for the sin offerings was not brought into the temple of Yahweh + +It is implied that this money was not used for the repairs. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they did not use the money from the guilt offerings and the sin offerings to pay for the repairs to the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/17.md b/2ki/12/17.md index a1069bfa43..afe4420881 100644 --- a/2ki/12/17.md +++ b/2ki/12/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## took it ## +# Hazael king of Aram attacked ... Hazael then turned to attack -AT: "defeated and took control of it." +This refers to Hazael's army as well as to Hazael. AT: "Hazael king of Aram and his army attacked ... Then they turned to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## his fathers ## +# Hazael + +This is the name of the king of the country of Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# took it + +"defeated and took control of it" + +# Jehoshaphat and Jehoram and Ahaziah, his fathers These men were previous kings of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Then Hazael went away from Jerusalem ## +# set apart -The gifts Joash gave Hazael convinced him not to attack Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +"dedicated" + +# the gold that was found in the storerooms + +"the gold that was stored in the storerooms" + +# Then Hazael went away from Jerusalem + +The gifts Joash gave Hazael convinced him not to attack Jerusalem. This can be made explicit. AT: "So Hazael stopped attacking Jerusalem and left" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/19.md b/2ki/12/19.md index 7c14468bb6..7f720d54f4 100644 --- a/2ki/12/19.md +++ b/2ki/12/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah? ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? -AT: "They are written in the book of the History of the Kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is used to remind the reader that these things are recorded. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the history of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Silla ## +# Silla -The location of this place is unknown. +The location of this place is unknown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jozabad, Shimeath, Jehozabad, Shomer, Amaziah ## +# Jozabad ... Shimeath ... Jehozabad ... Shomer ... Amaziah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## became king in his place ## +# with his ancestors -"became the next king of Judah." \ No newline at end of file +"in the place where his ancestors were buried" + +# became king in his place + +"became the next king of Judah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/12/intro.md b/2ki/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..16e554b9ae --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is the end of the story of the revival in Judah under Joash. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Temple ##### +Joash repaired the temple. In many ways, the temple represents the relationship between the people and Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/01.md b/2ki/13/01.md index 1f861f08f5..f351ca398e 100644 --- a/2ki/13/01.md +++ b/2ki/13/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## In the twenty-third year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah ## +# In the twenty-third year of Joash son of Ahaziah king of Judah -third year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah** - "After Joash had been ruling Judah for almost 23 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"After Joash had been ruling Judah for almost 23 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## reign over Israel in Samaria ## +# reign over Israel in Samaria -"reign over the kingdom of Israel located in Samaria" +"rule over the kingdom of Israel located in Samaria" -## he reigned seventeen years ## +# he reigned seventeen years -"Jehoahaz reigned for 17 years" +"Jehoahaz was king for 17 years" -## He did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -"He did what was evil according to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and followed the sins of Jeroboam ## +# followed the sins of Jeroboam -"and did the same sins as Jeroboam" +"did the same sins as Jeroboam" -## by which he had made Israel sin ## +# Jehoahaz did not turn away from them -AT: "sins that encouraged the people of Israel to sin," - -## and Jehoahaz did not leave his sins behind ## - -AT: "and Jehoahaz did not stop doing the sins of Jeroboam." \ No newline at end of file +Here stopping his sin is spoken of as if he turned away from them. This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "Jehoahaz did not stop doing the sins of Jeroboam" or "Jehoahaz continued to do the same sins as Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/03.md b/2ki/13/03.md index e1ebd4d764..1855c9f96b 100644 --- a/2ki/13/03.md +++ b/2ki/13/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel ## +# The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel -AT: "Then Yahweh had an intense anger against Israel," +Yahweh becoming angry with Israel is spoken of as if his anger was a fire that burned. AT: "Then Yahweh became very angry with Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## handed him over to Hazael king of Aram, and to Benhadad the son of Hazael ## +# gave them continually into the hand of Hazael king of Aram and into the hand of Ben Hadad son of Hazael -Here "him" refers to Israel. AT: "allowed Hazael king of Aram and Benhadad, his son, to repeatedly defeat the Israelites in battle." +Here "them" refers to Israel and "hand" refers to the power to control them. AT: "allowed Hazael the king of Aram, and Ben Hadad, his son, to repeatedly defeat the Israelites in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## implored Yahweh ## +# implored Yahweh -"prayed to Yahweh," \ No newline at end of file +"prayed to Yahweh" + +# he saw the oppression of Israel, how the king of Aram was oppressing them + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. The abstract noun "oppression" means the same as "the king of Aram was oppressing them." AT: "he saw how severely the king of Aram was oppressing Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a rescuer + +"someone to rescue them" + +# they escaped from the hand of the Arameans + +Here "hand" refers to the power to control them. AT: "he enabled them to be free from Aram's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/06.md b/2ki/13/06.md index 256aadd24f..c60d7b2e94 100644 --- a/2ki/13/06.md +++ b/2ki/13/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## they did not turn away from the sins of the house of Jeroboam ## +# they did not depart from the sins of the house of Jeroboam -AT: "Israel continued to commit the same sins as Jeroboam had," +To stop sinning is spoken of as if they departed from the sins. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Israel did not stop doing the same sins as Jeroboam had done" or "Israel continued to commit the same sins as Jeroboam had committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## trampled on them like dust ## +# house of Jeroboam -their destruction was so great, what remained of their army was defeated so badly, their greater parts were broken into small pieces (like the dust). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"the family of Jeroboam" -## had destroyed them ## +# had destroyed them -AT "the king of the Arameans defeated the army of Jehoahaz" \ No newline at end of file +"had defeated the army of Jehoahaz" + +# made them like the chaff at threshing time + +The Aramean army had so severely defeated the army of Israel that what remained was so worthless that it is compared to wheat chaff that the laborers walk on at harvest time. AT: "had crushed them as workers crush chaff under their feet at harvest time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/08.md b/2ki/13/08.md index d0d9ebe36d..665ae5246f 100644 --- a/2ki/13/08.md +++ b/2ki/13/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## As for the other matters concerning Jehoahaz, and all that he did and his power ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -AT: "Now the rest of Jehoahaz's acts, all that he did as king," +This question is used to remind the reader that the acts of Jehoahaz are recorded in another book. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/17.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## slept with his ancestors ## +# slept with his ancestors -"died," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) - -## are they not written ## - -AT: "they are written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite way of saying that he died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/10.md b/2ki/13/10.md index 72cf76e4e0..7499d5ddee 100644 --- a/2ki/13/10.md +++ b/2ki/13/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Jehoash ## +# In the thirty-seventh year of Joash king of Judah + +"After Joash had ruled Judah for almost 37 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the reign of Jehoash son of Jehoahaz began over Israel in Samaria + +"Jehoash son of Jehoahaz began to rule over Israel in Samaria" + +# Jehoash This was a king of Israel who was the son of Jehoahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## He did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# He did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -AT: "He did things that Yahweh considers evil." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "sight" represents God's thoughts or judgment. AT: "He did things that Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He did not turn away from any of the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat ## +# He did not leave behind any of the sins of Jeroboam -AT: "Jehoash kept committing the the same sins as Jeroboam, the son of Nebat," +To stop sinning is spoken of as if he left behind the sins. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Jehoash did not stop committing the same sins as Jeroboam" or "Jehoash kept committing the same sins as Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who caused Israel to sin ## +# by which he had made Israel to sin -"by which Jeroboam had made Israel to sin," +"by which Jeroboam had caused Israel to sin" -## but he continued in them ## +# but he walked in them -"but Jehoash continued to do these same sins." \ No newline at end of file +To sin is spoken of as if he was walking along a sinful path. AT: "but Jehoash continued to do these same sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/12.md b/2ki/13/12.md index b25f0f0723..5f875a6e95 100644 --- a/2ki/13/12.md +++ b/2ki/13/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## and his might by which he fought against Amaziah king of Judah ## +# his might by which he fought against Amaziah king of Judah -"and the power that his army showed when they fought against the army of Amaziah king of Judah," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the strength of Jehoash's army is spoken of as Jehoash's "might." AT: "the power that his army showed when they fought against the army of Amaziah king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Joash slept with his ancestors ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -"Joash died," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This question is used to remind the reader that the acts of Jehoahaz are recorded in another book. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/17.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## and Jeroboam sat on his throne ## +# Jehoash slept with his ancestors -At: "and Jeroboam became king." or "and Jeroboam began to rule." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This a polite way to say that Jehoash died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Jeroboam sat on his throne + +Here "sat on his throne" refers to ruling as king. At: "Jeroboam became king after him" or "Jeroboam began to rule after him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/14.md b/2ki/13/14.md index 8c5c985145..2c15516863 100644 --- a/2ki/13/14.md +++ b/2ki/13/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## My father, my father ## +# wept over him + +"wept because Elisha was sick" + +# My father, my father Elisha was not the king's literal father. King Joash used this term as a sign of respect. -## and the horsemen ## +# the chariots of Israel and the horsemen are taking you away -AT: "and the drivers of the chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a reference to Elijah going to heaven in [2 Kings 2:11-12](../02/11.md). Joash uses this phrase to say that Elisha was going to die. AT: "the chariots of Israel and the horsemen are taking you to heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the horsemen + +This refers to the men who drove the chariots. This can be made explicit. AT: "the drivers of the chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/17.md b/2ki/13/17.md index 411deddc02..637b268ff8 100644 --- a/2ki/13/17.md +++ b/2ki/13/17.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Elisha continues to talk to Joash, king of Israel. -## so he opened it ## +# Open the window eastward -"So a servant opened it." (UDB) +"open the window that faces east" or "open that window towards the east" -## and he shot ## +# so he opened it -"and Joash shot the arrow." +Since this happens after Joash takes the bow and arrows, he may have had a servant open the window. AT: "So a servant opened it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## This is Yahweh's arrow of victory, the arrow of victory over Aram ## +# he shot -AT: "This arrow is a sign from Yahweh that he will give you victory over Aram," or "This arrow symbolizes the victory Yahweh will give you over Aram," +"Joash shot the arrow" -## Aphek ## +# This is Yahweh's arrow of victory, the arrow of victory over Aram + +The relationship between the arrow and victory can be stated explicitly. AT: "This arrow is a sign from Yahweh that he will give you victory over Aram" or "This arrow symbolizes the victory Yahweh will give you over Aram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Aphek This was a city in the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## But the man of God was angry with him ## +# But the man of God was angry with him "But Elisha was angry with King Joash" -## annihilated it ## +# until you annihilated it -"completely destroyed it," or "until they were completely wiped out!" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"until you completely destroyed it" or "until they were completely wiped out" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/20.md b/2ki/13/20.md index d7ef735943..38435fb1d9 100644 --- a/2ki/13/20.md +++ b/2ki/13/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -"At that time," +"At that time" -## at the beginning of the year ## +# at the beginning of the year -"each year during spring." (UDB) +"each year during spring" -## As they were burying a certain man ## +# As they were burying a certain man -"As some Israelites were burying a man's body," +"As some Israelites were burying a man's body" -## they saw a group of Moabites ## +# they saw a group of Moabites -AT: "they saw a group of Moabite raiders coming toward them and they were afraid," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It can be made explicit that they were afraid of the Moabites. AT: "they saw a group of Moabite raiders coming toward them and they were afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## As soon as the man touched Elisha's bones ## +# Elisha's grave -"As soon as the dead man's body touched the bones of Elisha," +"the grave where Elisha was buried" -## he revived and stood up on his feet ## +# As soon as the man touched Elisha's bones -AT: "the dead man came back to life and stood up." \ No newline at end of file +Here "the man" refers to his dead body. This can be made explicit. AT: "As soon as the dead man's body touched the bones of Elisha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he revived and stood up on his feet + +"the dead man came back to life and stood up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/22.md b/2ki/13/22.md index d80999f6c1..0cb541edcb 100644 --- a/2ki/13/22.md +++ b/2ki/13/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## But Yahweh was gracious to Israel, and had compassion on them and concern for them ## +# But Yahweh was gracious to Israel, and had compassion on them and concern for them -AT: "But Yahweh was very kind to the Israelite people. He helped them" (UBD) +It may be helpful to divide this sentence into shorter parts. AT: "But Yahweh was very kind to the Israelite people. He helped them" -## So Yahweh did not destroy them ## +# So Yahweh did not destroy them -AT: "This is the reason that Yahweh did not destroy them," \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh's covenant is the reason he did not destroy Israel. This can be made explicit. AT: "This is the reason that Yahweh did not destroy them" or "Because of his covenant, Yahweh did not destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# has not driven them away from his presence + +Yahweh's rejection is spoken of as if he had physically driven Israel away from where he was. AT: "has not rejected them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/24.md b/2ki/13/24.md index 7319a3bce9..00029e2175 100644 --- a/2ki/13/24.md +++ b/2ki/13/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Hazael, Ben Hadad, Jehoash, Jehoahaz ## +# Hazael ... Ben Hadad ... Jehoash ... Jehoahaz -(See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jehoash attacked him three times ## +# became king in his place -"Jehoash and his army attacked Ben Hadad's army three times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"became king after him" -## and he recovered those cities of Israel ## +# Jehoash attacked him three times -"and Jehoash took back control of the Israelite cities that Ben Hadad had captured." \ No newline at end of file +Here "Jehoash" and "him" refer to the kings and their armies. AT: "Jehoash's army attacked Ben Hadad's army three times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he recovered those cities of Israel + +"Jehoash took back control of the Israelite cities that Ben Hadad had captured" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/13/intro.md b/2ki/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aec11b78a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 2 Kings 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the last chapter about Elisha. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Elisha's death ##### +The king of Israel is upset when Elisha is dying. Elisha assures him that he will have three victories over Aram. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The king compares the protection that Elisha had given Israel to "The chariot of Israel and the horsemen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/01.md b/2ki/14/01.md index c555831142..7dd4f9b36b 100644 --- a/2ki/14/01.md +++ b/2ki/14/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Amaziah, the son of Joash, king of Judah, began to reign ## +# In the second year of Jehoash son of Jehoahaz, king of Israel -AT: "Amaziah, the son of Joash, became the king of Judah." +"When Jehoash son of Jehoahaz had been king of Israel for almost two years" -## He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign ## +# Amaziah son of Joash, king of Judah, began to reign -five years old when he began to reign** - AT: "He was 25 years old when he became king;" +"Amaziah son of Joash, became the king of Judah" -## he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem ## +# He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign -nine years in Jerusalem** - AT: "he was the king in Jerusalem for 29 years." +"He was 25 years old when he became king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Jehoaddan ## +# he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem + +"he was the king in Jerusalem for 29 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jehoaddan (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh, yet not like David his father ## +# He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh, yet not like David his father -"Amaziah did many things that pleased Yahweh, but he did not do as many things that pleased Yahweh as King David had done." (UDB) +Here "the eyes of Yahweh" refers to his sight, and his sight refers to his judgment. AT: "Amaziah did many things that pleased Yahweh, but he did not do as many things that pleased Yahweh as King David had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## ​right in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# He did everything that Joash, his father, had done -"right according to Yahweh," or "right before Yahweh," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## He did everything that Joash ## - -"He did the same good things that his father Joash had done." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Joash obeyed Yahweh and did good things. This can be made explicit. AT: "He did the same good things that his father Joash had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/04.md b/2ki/14/04.md index c93f173f31..ba935fe48e 100644 --- a/2ki/14/04.md +++ b/2ki/14/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Scripture continues to describe the rule of Amaziah, King of Judah. +# General Information: -## But the high places were not taken away ## +The story of Amaziah's rule as king of Judah continues. -AT: "But he did not remove the high places, the shrines of pagan worship that were built upon the hills." +# But the high places were not taken away -## As soon as he was completely in control of his kingdom ## +This can be stated in active form. The high places were used for pagan worship. This can be made explicit. AT: "But he did not remove the high places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "And so, as soon as Amaziah securely established his royal rule and kingly authority," +# sacrificed and burned incense at the high places -## he executed the servants who had murdered his father, the king ## +The high places were used for pagan worship. This can be made explicit. AT: "sacrificed and burned incense to pagan gods at the high places"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "he put to death the leaders who had murdered his father, the king." \ No newline at end of file +# It came about + +This is used to introduce a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# as soon as his rule was well established + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as soon as Amaziah securely established his royal rule and kingly authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he killed the servants + +Amaziah probably ordered other people to kill the officials. AT: "he made his servants execute the officials" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/06.md b/2ki/14/06.md index 744da92f6f..1d7fabac95 100644 --- a/2ki/14/06.md +++ b/2ki/14/06.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -Scripture tells about what king Amaziah did after his father King Joash was murdered. +# General Information: -## Yet he did not put the sons of the assassins to death ## +The narrator tells about what king Amaziah did after his father King Joash was murdered. -King Amaziah did not order his servants to kill the children of the men who killed his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# Yet he did not put the sons of the murderers to death -## The fathers must not be put to death for their children, neither must the children be put to death for their parents ## +King Amaziah did not order his servants to kill the children of the men who killed his father. If he was going to have them executed though, he would have commanded his servants do it, he would not have done it himself. AT: "But he did not tell his servants to execute those officials' children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -"The people must not kill the fathers for the sins of their children, and they must not kill the children for the sins of their parents." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# The fathers must not be put to death for their children, neither must the children be put to death for their parents -## He killed ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People must not kill the fathers for the sins of their children, and they must not kill the children for the sins of their parents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"Amaziah's army killed" or "Amaziah's soldiers killed" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# every person must be put to death for his own sin -## Valley of Salt ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "every person must die for his own sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He killed + +Here "He" refers to his army. AT: "Amaziah's army killed" or "Amaziah's soldiers killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# ten thousand soldiers + +"10,000 soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Valley of Salt This is the name of a place that is located south of the Dead Sea. -## he also took Sela in war ## +# he also took Sela in war -AT: "King Amaziah's army captured the city of Sela" +Here the word "he" refers to King amaziah and represents himself and his army. AT: "King Amaziah's army captured the city of Sela" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Sela, Joktheel ## +# Sela ... Joktheel They renamed the city of Sela. The new name was Joktheel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/08.md b/2ki/14/08.md index 6027e5a03a..f738293502 100644 --- a/2ki/14/08.md +++ b/2ki/14/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash, the son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu, king of Israel, saying, "Come, let us meet each other face to face in battle" ## +# Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu king of Israel, saying, "Come, let us meet each other face to face in battle." -"Then Amaziah sent messengers to King Jehoash of Israel, saying, "Come here and let us and our armies fight each other in battle" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "each other" also included their armies. AT: "Then Amaziah sent messengers to King Jehoash of Israel, saying, 'Come here and let us and our armies fight each other in battle.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## A thistle that was in Lebanon ... trampled down the thistle ## +# A thistle that was in Lebanon ... trampled down the thistle -This is a word picture and a riddle. Possible meaning: A cedar tree is great and a thistle is small and worthless. Jehoash compares Amaziah to the thistle and warns him not to attack. If you have a suitable comparison in your own language, you can use it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This is a word picture and a riddle. A cedar tree is great and a thistle is small and worthless. Jehoash compares himself to the cedar and Amaziah to the thistle and warns Amaziah not to attack. If you have a similar comparison in your own language, you can use it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## thistle ## +# thistle -AT: "a bush with thorns" +"a bush with thorns" -## You have indeed attacked Edom ## +# saying, 'Give your daughter to my son for a wife,' -This is the warning part of Jehoash's message to Amaziah. AT: "Amaziah, you have definitely defeated Edom," +This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "asking the cedar to give his daughter to the thistle's son for a wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## your heart has lifted you up ## +# You have indeed attacked Edom -"you are very proud of what you have done." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is the warning part of Jehoash's message to Amaziah. "Amaziah, you have definitely defeated Edom" -## Take pride in your victory ## +# your heart has lifted you up -​ AT: "Be content with your victory," +This is an idiom that refers to being proud. AT: "you are very proud of what you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## for why should you cause yourself trouble and fall ## +# Take pride in your victory -AT: "for you should not cause trouble for yourself and suffer defeat," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Be content with your victory" + +# for why should you cause yourself trouble and fall + +Jehoash uses this question to warn Amaziah not to attack him. AT: "for you should not cause trouble for yourself and suffer defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/11.md b/2ki/14/11.md index bdc2880fdb..bbdf3de004 100644 --- a/2ki/14/11.md +++ b/2ki/14/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## But Amaziah would not listen ## +# But Amaziah would not listen -AT: "However, Amaziah would not obey Jehoash's warning." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "listen" refers to obeying the warning. AT: "However, Amaziah would not obey Jehoash's warning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## So Jehoash, king of Israel, attacked ## +# So Jehoash king of Israel attacked ... Amaziah king of Judah met each other -"So Jehoash and his army went to fight Amaziah and his army" +The armies of these kings went to battle with them. AT: "So Jehoash and his army went to fight Amaziah and his army and they met each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Beth Shemesh ## +# Beth Shemesh -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a town in Judah near the border of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and every man fled home ## +# Judah was defeated by Israel -"and all the men in the defeated army ran home." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Israel defeated Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every man fled home + +"all the men in the army of Judah ran home" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/13.md b/2ki/14/13.md index 513a31489c..0b5ebba53b 100644 --- a/2ki/14/13.md +++ b/2ki/14/13.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + This is what happened after the army of Israel defeated the army of Judah at Beth Shemesh. -## He came ## +# He came ... He took -"Jehoash and his army came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "He" refers to Jehoash and his army. AT: "Jehoash and his army came ... Jehoash's soldiers took" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Ephraim Gate, Corner Gate ## +# Ephraim Gate ... Corner Gate -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +There are the names of gates in the wall of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## four hundred cubits ## +# four hundred cubits -"about 180 meters long" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"about 180 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## cubit ## +# cubits -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +A cubit was about 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## He took ## +# with hostages also, and returned to Samaria -"Jehoash's soldiers took" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## with hostages also, and returned to Samaria ## - -This implies that Jehoash needed to take these hostages to prevent Amaziah from attacking again. AT: "They also took to Samaria some prisoners to make sure that Amaziah would cause them no more trouble." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) \ No newline at end of file +This implies that Jehoash needed to take these hostages to prevent Amaziah from attacking again. This can be made explicit. AT: "and they also took to Samaria some prisoners to make sure that Amaziah would cause them no more trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/15.md b/2ki/14/15.md index 5368195792..1add3c1363 100644 --- a/2ki/14/15.md +++ b/2ki/14/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## are they not written ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -"they are written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is used to remind the reader that the acts of Jehoahaz are recorded in another book. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/17.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Then Jehoash slept with his ancestors ## +# Then Jehoash slept with his ancestors -AT: "Then Jehoash died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite way to say that he died. AT: "Then Jehoash died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# became king in his place + +"became king after him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/17.md b/2ki/14/17.md index 2e0d76849d..44cb26d60a 100644 --- a/2ki/14/17.md +++ b/2ki/14/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## They conspired against Amaziah in Jerusalem ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? -A conspiracy is a secret plan by a group to do harm to someone or something. AT: "Some people in Jerusalem plotted against Amaziah," +This question is used to remind the reader that these things are recorded. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the history of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Lachish ## +# They made a conspiracy against Amaziah in Jerusalem + +A conspiracy is a secret plan to do harm to someone or something. AT: "Some people in Jerusalem plotted against Amaziah" + +# Lachish This is a city in southwestern Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## but they sent men after him to Lachish ## +# but they sent men after him to Lachish The men who made the conspiracy sent other men to follow Amaziah to Lachish. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/20.md b/2ki/14/20.md index 8636aca473..db977bace4 100644 --- a/2ki/14/20.md +++ b/2ki/14/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + This is what happened after the death of King Amaziah. -## They brought him back on horses ## +# They brought him back on horses -AT: "They brought Amaziah's body back on horses," +"They brought Amaziah's body back on horses" -## All the people of Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in place of his father Amaziah ## +# All the people of Judah took Azariah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in place of his father Amaziah -AT: "The people of Judah took the 16 year-old Uzziah and made him king after his father, Amaziah." +This is a generalization. Some people may not have wanted him to be king. AT: "The people of Judah took the 16 year-old Azariah and made him king after his father, Amaziah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Eloth ## +# It was Azariah who rebuilt Elath -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Azariah did not do this alone. AT: "It was Azariah who ordered Elath to be rebuilt" or "It was Azariah who supervised the rebuilding of Elath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## restored it to Judah ## +# Azariah -AT: "returned it to Judah." \ No newline at end of file +This king is better known today by the name "Uzziah." + +# Elath + +a city in Judah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# restored it to Judah + +"returned it to Judah" + +# slept with his ancestors + +This is a poetic way to say he died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/23.md b/2ki/14/23.md index 1428c3e5b9..742023b3f8 100644 --- a/2ki/14/23.md +++ b/2ki/14/23.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + This describes what King Uzziah did after he became king. -## In the fifteenth year of Amaziah ## +# In the fifteenth year of Amaziah "In year 15 of Amaziah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## forty-one years ## +# forty-one years -one years** - "41 years" +"41 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# evil in the sight of Yahweh -“evil according to Yahweh.” or “evil before Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "sight" is a metaphor for judging or considering. AT: "evil according to Yahweh" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Lebo Hamath ## +# He did not depart from any of the sins of Jeroboam + +To stop sinning is spoken of as leaving a path. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "He did not stop committing the same sins as Jeroboam" or "He continued to commit the same sins as Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He restored the border + +This means his army restored the land up to the border. AT: "His soldiers conquered again some of the territory that had previously belonged to Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Lebo Hamath This city was also called Hamath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the sea of the Arabah ## +# the Sea of the Arabah -"the Dead Sea," (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"the Dead Sea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/26.md b/2ki/14/26.md index de0553d117..ad5990fd57 100644 --- a/2ki/14/26.md +++ b/2ki/14/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Yahweh had not said he would blot out the name of Israel from under heaven ## +# it was very bitter -Here "the name of Israel" represents all of Israel and its inhabitants. AT: "not destroy Israel completely," (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Suffering that was difficult is spoken of as if it had a bitter taste. AT: "it was very difficult" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he saved them by the hand of Jeroboam ## +# there was no rescuer for Israel -"he enabled King Jeroboam to rescue them" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"there was no one who could rescue Israel" + +# blot out + +To completely destroy Israel is spoken of as if Yahweh wiped them away with a cloth. AT: "completely destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the name of Israel + +Here "the name of Israel" represents all of Israel and its inhabitants. AT: "the Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# under heaven + +"on earth" + +# he saved them by the hand of Jeroboam son of Jehoash + +Here "hand" is a metonym for power. Also, "Jehoash" is a synecdoche representing Jehoash and his army. AT: "he enabled King Jeroboam and his army to rescue them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/28.md b/2ki/14/28.md index d63fa77b0f..c7b8132603 100644 --- a/2ki/14/28.md +++ b/2ki/14/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## are they not written ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? -"they are written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is used to remind the reader that the acts of Jehoahaz are recorded in another book. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/17.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Jeroboam slept with his ancestors, with the kings of Israel ## +# Jeroboam slept with his ancestors, with the kings of Israel -"Jeroboam died, and was buried where the other kings of Israel were buried," (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite way to say that he died and was buried. AT: "Jeroboam died, and was buried where the other kings of Israel were buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/14/intro.md b/2ki/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5b93f723d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The text begins to alternate between the kingdoms of Israel and Judah again. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pride ##### +Pride in one's success can make a person attempt and fail at something else. Amaziah defeated Edom so he wanted to fight Israel. But Israel defeated him and thoroughly humiliated him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/01.md b/2ki/15/01.md index 8463a6916e..b95171b054 100644 --- a/2ki/15/01.md +++ b/2ki/15/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## In the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam ## +# In the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam -seventh year of Jeroboam** - "In year 27 of the reign of Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +It can be stated clearly that this is the twenty-seventh year of his reign. AT: "In year 27 of the reign of Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Jecoliah ## +# Azariah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This king is better known today by the name "Uzziah." -## right in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# Jekoliah -“right according to Yahweh” or “right before Yahweh” or "Yahweh approved of what he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of Azariah's mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He did what was right + +"Azariah did what was right" + +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what was right in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/04.md b/2ki/15/04.md index af0a3160c7..aed4bb0fbf 100644 --- a/2ki/15/04.md +++ b/2ki/15/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Jotham, the king's son, was over the household ## +# the high places were not taken away -Because Uzziah was a leper, he had to live in a separate house, so his son, Jotham, took charge over the king's palace. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one took away the high places" or "Azariah did not have anyone take the high places away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# were not taken away + +Being taken away represents being destroyed. AT: "were not destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to the day of his death + +The abstract noun "death" can be expressed with the verb "die." AT: "until the day he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Jotham, the king's son, was over the household + +The word "household" refers to the people living in the king's palace. Because Azariah was a leper, he had to live in a separate house. So his son, Jotham, took charge over the palace. + +# was over the household + +Being over the household represents having authority over those in it. AT: "was in charge of the household" or "had authority over those in Azariah's palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/06.md b/2ki/15/06.md index 3839e36725..fdbe5a7078 100644 --- a/2ki/15/06.md +++ b/2ki/15/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## are they not written ... ? ## +# are they not written ... Judah? -"they are written" +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Azariah is in this other book. This can also be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are written ... Judah." or "you can read about them ... Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Uzziah slept with his ancestors. His people buried him with his ancestors ## +# Azariah slept with his ancestors -"Uzziah died. People in his family buried him near the same place where his ancestors had been buried." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Sleeping represents dying. AT: "Azariah died as his ancestors had" or "like his ancestors, Azariah died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# they buried him with his ancestors + +"his family buried him where his ancestors had been buried" + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Azariah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/08.md b/2ki/15/08.md index c12e6137e3..06698465d3 100644 --- a/2ki/15/08.md +++ b/2ki/15/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Uzziah, king of Judah ## +# In the thirty-eighth year of Azariah king of Judah -Uzziah is the same person as "Azariah." Some other English translations may use that name here. +It can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-eighth year of his reign. AT: "In year 38 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Zechariah the son of Jeroboam became king over Israel in Samaria and he reigned for six months ## +# Zechariah son of Jeroboam -AT: "Zechariah the son of Jeroboam was king of Israel for 6 months" +This Jeroboam was the second king of Israel that had that name. He was the son of King Jehoash. -## evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# reigned over Israel in Samaria for six months -“evil according to Yahweh” or “evil before Yahweh” or "Yahweh condemns what he did and declares it to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Samaria is the city that Zechariah lived in when he was king of Israel. AT: "lived in Samaria and reigned over Israel for six months" -## who caused Israel to sin ## +# He did what was evil -"Jeroboam did many bad things, and he caused the people of Israel to sin with him." +"Zechariah did what was evil" -## Zechariah son the Jeroboam ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -756 BC; he is also referred to as Joash. +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Jeroboam the son of Nebat ## +# He did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat -901 BC \ No newline at end of file +Departing from sins represents refusing to do those sins. AT: "Zechariah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat" or "He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jeroboam son of Nebat + +This Jeroboam was the first king of the ten northern tribes that made up the kingdom of Israel. + +# who had caused Israel to sin + +Here the word "Israel" represents the people of the kingdom of Israel. AT: "who had caused the people of Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/10.md b/2ki/15/10.md index 260da41965..36d49ddc4f 100644 --- a/2ki/15/10.md +++ b/2ki/15/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## and killed him ## +# Shallum ... Jabesh -some very old Greek versions add the place name, "at Ibleam" - some translations place that information in the text +These are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Then he became king in his place ## +# Zechariah -"Then Shallum became king in Zechariah's place." +"King Zechariah" -## This was the word of Yahweh that he spoke to Jehu, saying, "Your descendants will sit on the throne of Israel to the fourth generation." ## +# Ibleam -AT: "This is what Yahweh said to Jehu: 'Your descendants will be the kings of Israel for four generations.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This was the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Then he became king in his place + +"Then Shallum became king in Zechariah's place" + +# they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This was the word of Yahweh + +It can be stated clearly that the events described in verse 10 fulfilled the word of Yahweh. AT: "What happened to Zechariah was according to the word of Yahweh" or "What happened to Zechariah fulfilled the word of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Your descendants will sit on the throne of Israel to the fourth generation + +Sitting on the throne represents being the king. AT: "Your descendants will be the kings of Israel for four generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/13.md b/2ki/15/13.md index 8d65437020..9e474b3bcf 100644 --- a/2ki/15/13.md +++ b/2ki/15/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Shallum, Jabesh, Menahem, Gadi ## +# in the thirty-ninth year of Azariah king of Judah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +It can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-ninth year of his reign. AT: "in year 39 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## and he reigned only one month in Samaria ## +# Shallum ... Jabesh -"and Shallum reigned for only one month in Samaria." +These are the names of two men. See how you translated these names in [2 Kings 15:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## There he attacked Shallum ## +# Menahem ... Gadi -AT: "It was in Tirzah that Menachem attacked Shallum," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he reigned only one month in Samaria + +Samaria is the city that he lived in when was king of Israel. AT: "Shallum lived in Samaria and reigned over Israel for only one month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Shallum" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/15.md b/2ki/15/15.md index bdd65d7f50..0e19ffd17f 100644 --- a/2ki/15/15.md +++ b/2ki/15/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## and the conspiracy that he organized ## +# the conspiracy that he formed -AT: "he was the one who made the plans and he made certain that the plot was successful," +The abstract noun "conspiracy" can be translated with the verb "plan." It can be stated clearly what this conspiracy was. AT: "how he planned to murder King Zechariah" or "and how he murdered King Zechariah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Tiphsah, Tirzah ## +# they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Tiphsah + +This is the name of a city. Some versions have "Tappuah," which is the name of another city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/17.md b/2ki/15/17.md index 59720c4928..c33d310080 100644 --- a/2ki/15/17.md +++ b/2ki/15/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## In the thirty-ninth year ## +# In the thirty-ninth year of Azariah king of Judah -ninth year** - "In year 39" +It can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-ninth year of his reign. AT: "In year 39 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Uzziah king of Judah ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -Uzziah is also known as "Azariah." +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# For his whole life -AT: "He did many things that Yahweh said were evil" or "Yahweh saw all he did and Yahweh said that what he had done was evil" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The abstract noun "life" can be translated with the verb "live." AT: "The whole time that he lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## who had caused Israel to sin. ## +# he did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat -"the wicked sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, were the cause of Israel sinning as he did." \ No newline at end of file +Departing from sins represents refusing to do those sins. AT: "Zechariah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat" or "He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who had caused Israel to sin + +Here the word "Israel" represents the people of the kingdom of Israel. AT: "who had caused the people of Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/19.md b/2ki/15/19.md index 69df74f256..4c2b894fcb 100644 --- a/2ki/15/19.md +++ b/2ki/15/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## Pul the king of Assyria ## +# Pul the king of Assyria came against the land -"King Tiglath Pileser of Assyria" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The phrase "Pul the king of Assyria" represents Pul and his army. AT: "Pul the king of Assyria came with his army against the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## came against the land ## +# Pul the king of Assyria -AT: "came with his army to attack the country of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Pul is the name of a man who was king of Assyria. He was also named Tiglath-Pileser. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## one thousand ## +# came against the land -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +The phrase "came against" is an idiom meaning to attack. "The land" refers to the land of Israel and represents the people who live there. AT: "came with his army to attack the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## talents, shekels ## +# one thousand talents of silver -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +"1000 talents of silver." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "thirty-three thousand kilograms of silver" or "thirty-three metric tons of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## to strengthen the kingdom of Israel in his hand ## +# so that Pul's support might be with him -AT: "to strengthen his rule over the kingdom of Israel" +The abstract noun "support" can be translated with the verb "support." AT: "so that Pul might support him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## exacted ## +# to strengthen the kingdom of Israel in his hand -"demanded" or "obtained" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Having the kingdom in his hand represents ruling the kingdom. AT: "to strengthen his rule over the kingdom of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# exacted this money from Israel + +"took this money from Israel" + +# fifty shekels of silver + +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "six hundred grams of silver" or "three-fifths of a kilogram of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# did not stay there in the land + +"did not stay there in Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/21.md b/2ki/15/21.md index 1b2f6b03bc..68d377ee85 100644 --- a/2ki/15/21.md +++ b/2ki/15/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## are they not written ## +# are they not written ... Israel? -"they are written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Menahem is in this other book. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/17.md). AT: "they are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## slept with his ancestors ## +# Menahem slept with his ancestors -"died and the people buried him, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Sleeping represents dying. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 10:35](../10/34.md). AT: "Menahem died as his ancestors had" or "like his ancestors, Menahem died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## Pekahiah ## +# Pekahiah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Menahem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/23.md b/2ki/15/23.md index d932f0b5f1..b8fed333ba 100644 --- a/2ki/15/23.md +++ b/2ki/15/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## In the fiftieth year ## +# In the fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah -"In year 50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +It can be stated clearly that this is the fiftieth year of his reign. AT: "In year 50 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Azariah ## +# Pekahiah -Azariah was also known as "Uzziah." +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## what was evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -“evil according to Yahweh” or "Yahweh saw what he had done and he declared that it was evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He did not leave behind the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat + +Leaving behind sins represents refusing to do those sins. AT: "Pekahiah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat" or "He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he had caused Israel to sin + +Here the word "Israel" represents the people of the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/25.md b/2ki/15/25.md index 3ffb0e16f3..f3a47a0d53 100644 --- a/2ki/15/25.md +++ b/2ki/15/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Pekah, Remaliah, Argob, and Arieh ## +# Pekah ... Remaliah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Some versions regard Argob and Arieh as men who were killed along with the king. +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## conspired ## +# conspired against him -To conspire is to make a secret plan to do harm to someone or something, in this case, King Pekahiah. +"secretly planned to kill Pekahiah" -## fifty men ## +# fifty men "50 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## citadel of the king's palace ## +# Argob ... Arieh -"fortified place in the king's palace" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the citadel of the king's palace + +"the fortified part of the king's palace" or "the safe place in the king's palace" + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Pekahiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/27.md b/2ki/15/27.md index 3f6b933944..6f51df5e7b 100644 --- a/2ki/15/27.md +++ b/2ki/15/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## In the fifty-second year ## +# In the fifty-second year of Azariah king of Judah -second year** - "In year 52" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +It can be stated clearly that this is the fifty-second year of his reign. AT: "In year 52 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -“evil according to Yahweh” or “evil before Yahweh” or "Yahweh sees what he did and he declares what he did to be sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat + +Departing from sins represents refusing to do those sins. AT: "Zechariah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat" or "He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/29.md b/2ki/15/29.md index 0c23b905f6..108ce6a691 100644 --- a/2ki/15/29.md +++ b/2ki/15/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## Ijon, Abelbethmaacah, Janoah, Kedesh, Hazor, Gilead, Galilee, Naphtali ## +# In the days of Pekah king of Israel -These are the names of cities or regions (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +It can be stated clearly that this refers to the time of Pekah's reign. AT: "In the days of the reign of Pekah king of Israel" or "During the time that Pekah was king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## He carried away the people to Assyria ## +# Tiglath-Pileser -Here "He" refers to Tiglath Pileser, king of Assyria. His army forced the Israelite people to leave their country and go to live in Assyria. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +In [2 Kings 15:19](./19.md) this man was called "Pul." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## a conspiracy ## +# Ijon ... Abel Beth Maacah ... Janoah ... Kedesh ... Hazor ... Gilead ... Galilee ... Naphtali + +These are the names of cities or regions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He carried away the people to Assyria + +Here "He" refers to Tiglath-Pileser and represents him and his army. Carrying the people to Assyria represents forcing them to go to Assyria. AT: "He and his army forced the people to go to Assyria (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the people + +It can be stated clearly which people these are. AT: "the people of those places" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Hoshea ... Elah + +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a conspiracy A conspiracy is a secret plan by a group to do harm to someone or something. -## He attacked him and killed him ## +# He attacked him and killed him -Hoshea attacked Pekah and killed him. +"Hoshea attacked Pekah and killed him" -## in the twentieth year of Jotham ## +# became king in his place -"in year 20 of Jotham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Pekah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the twentieth year of Jotham son of Uzziah + +It can be stated clearly that this is the twentieth year of his reign. AT: "In year 20 of the reign of Jotham son of Uzziah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/32.md b/2ki/15/32.md index e55ac40160..d123968d07 100644 --- a/2ki/15/32.md +++ b/2ki/15/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## began the reign of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah ## +# In the second year of Pekah son of Remaliah, king of Israel -AT: "Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah, became king over the Kingdom of Judah." +It can be stated clearly that this is the second year of his reign. AT: "In year 2 of the reign of Pekah son of Remaliah, king of Israel," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## He was twenty-five years old ... sixteen years ## +# Jotham son of Azariah, king of Judah began to reign -five years old ... sixteen years** - "He was 25 years old ... 16 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Jotham son of Azariah, king of Judah became king of Judah" + +# He was twenty-five years old ... sixteen years + +"He was 25 years old ... 16 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jerushah + +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/34.md b/2ki/15/34.md index ba4e61b1a0..4acd3a4373 100644 --- a/2ki/15/34.md +++ b/2ki/15/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh -“according to Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what was right in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the shrines were not taken away ## +# the high places were not taken away -AT: "he did not take away the shrines." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one took away the high places" or "Jotham did not have anyone take the high places away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## are they not written ## +# were not taken away -"they are written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Being taken away represents being destroyed. AT: "were not destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jotham built the upper gate + +"Jotham built" represents Jotham making his workers build it. AT: "Jotham had his workers build the upper gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# are they not written ... Judah? + +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Jotham is in this other book. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/37.md b/2ki/15/37.md index 965ce714cd..2aa252f13e 100644 --- a/2ki/15/37.md +++ b/2ki/15/37.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Jotham slept with his ancestors ## +# In those days -"Jotham died" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to a time period. What time period this refers to can be stated clearly. AT: "During that time" or "While Jotham was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Rezin + +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Pekah ... Remaliah + +These are men's names. Pekah was the king of Israel. See how you translated them in [2 Kings 15:37](./37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jotham slept with his ancestors + +Sleeping represents dying. AT: "Jotham died as his ancestors had" or "Like his ancestors, Jotham died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Jotham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/15/intro.md b/2ki/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a8c8f98217 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 2 Kings 15 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel's evil ##### +Israel assassinated one king after another. The Assyrians began attacking Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/01.md b/2ki/16/01.md index 86384914b8..abb983c60a 100644 --- a/2ki/16/01.md +++ b/2ki/16/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## In the seventeenth year of Pekah ## +# In the seventeenth year of Pekah son of Remaliah -"In year 17 of Pekah," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +It can be stated clearly that this is the seventeenth year of his reign. AT: "In year 17 of the reign of Pekah son of Remaliah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# Pekah ... Remaliah -"according to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are men's names. Pekah was the king of Israel. See how you translated them in [2 Kings 15:25](../15/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# what was right in the eyes of Yahweh his God + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what was right in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh his God considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as David his ancestor had done + +David had done what is right. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/03.md b/2ki/16/03.md index 93777ee6bf..0e006e73f0 100644 --- a/2ki/16/03.md +++ b/2ki/16/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## he walked in the way of the kings of Israel ## +# he walked in the way of the kings of Israel -AT: "King Ahaz acted the same way that the kings of Israel had acted," +Walking represents behavior and actions. AT: "King Ahaz acted the same way that the kings of Israel had acted" or "he did the things that the kings of Israel had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## passed his son through the fire ## +# following the detestable practices of the nations -AT "offered his son as a sacrifice by burning him in fire" +Here "following" represents doing what others do. AT: "copying the disgusting things that the other nations did, the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## detestable practices ## +# the nations -AT: "disgusting things" (UDB) or "horrible and cruel sins" +The word "nations" represents the people of other nations. Here it refers to the people of the nations who had lived in that land. AT: "the people of other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## under every green tree ## +# which Yahweh had driven out -AT: "trees with spreading branches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Drive out" means "force out." AT: "which Yahweh had forced to leave" + +# before the people of Israel + +The people of those nations fled as the people of Israel moved into the land. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "before the people of Israel who moved into the land" or "as the people of Israel moved into the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the high places, on the hilltops, and under every green tree + +These are places where the people of the other nations worshiped their false gods. + +# under every green tree + +God wanted his people to offer sacrifices to him in Jerusalem. The word "every" here is an exaggeration to show how determined King Ahaz was to disobey God by offering sacrifices in many other places instead. AT: "under many green trees" or "under many green trees around the country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/05.md b/2ki/16/05.md index 9047010dc5..6c7b2c1274 100644 --- a/2ki/16/05.md +++ b/2ki/16/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## besieged Ahaz ## +# Rezin ... Pekah ... Remaliah -"surrounded the city," (UDB) or AT: "surrounded the city where Ahaz was," or AT: "surrounded the city of Jerusalem," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are men's names. See how you translated them in [2 Kings 15:37](../15/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# besieged Ahaz + +Ahaz was in Jerusalem. Here "Ahaz" represents himself and the people who were in Jerusalem with him. AT: "surrounded the city with Ahaz in it" or "surrounded Ahaz and the others in the city with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# recovered Elath for Aram + +Here "Aram" represents the people who live there. AT: "took back control of the city of Elath for the people of Aram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Elath + +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [2 Kings 14:22](../14/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# drove the men of Judah out of Elath + +"forced the men of Judah to leave Elath" + +# to this day + +This means to the time of the writing of this book. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/07.md b/2ki/16/07.md index 4b6f137726..297835a152 100644 --- a/2ki/16/07.md +++ b/2ki/16/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## I am your servant and your son ## +# Tiglath-Pileser -AT: "I will obey you as if I were your servant or your son." +In [2 Kings 15:19](../15/19.md) this man was called "Pul." See how you translated his name in [2 Kings 15:29](../15/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## from the hand of the king of Aram and from the hand of the king of Israel ## +# I am your servant and your son -AT: "from the armies of Aram and Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Being a servant and a son represents submitting to someone's authority. AT: "I will obey you as if I were your servant or your son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Kir ## +# from the hand of the king of Aram and from the hand of the king of Israel -AT: "the capital city of Assyria." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The hand is a metonym that represents power. AT: "from the power of the king of Aram and from the power of the king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who have attacked me + +The kings attacking Ahaz represent the armies of those kings attacking Ahaz and his people. AT: "who have attacked me with their armies" or "whose armies have attacked me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the king of Assyria went up against Damascus + +The word "king" represents the king and his army. Also, Damascus represents the people who live there. AT: "the king of Assyria and his army attacked the people of Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# carried off its people as prisoners to Kir + +Carrying off the people represents forcing them to go away. AT: "made the people his prisoners and forced them to go to Kir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Kir + +Possible meanings are 1) this is the name of a city or 2) this word means "city" and refers to the capital city of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/10.md b/2ki/16/10.md index 61522d086f..312232360e 100644 --- a/2ki/16/10.md +++ b/2ki/16/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## and the design for it to be built. ## +# the design for all the workmanship needed -AT: "all the instructions needed by skilled workers to build it" or AT: "all the skills needed to make the altar" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "all the instructions that the workers needed in order to build it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/13.md b/2ki/16/13.md index 9e547f835c..9e1dc3381a 100644 --- a/2ki/16/13.md +++ b/2ki/16/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -This is what King Ahaz did after he returned from Damascus and visited the new altar he had ordered to be built. +# General Information: -## He made his ## +This is what King Ahaz did after he returned from Damascus and visited the new altar which Uriah the priest had built for him. -"King Ahaz made his" +# He made his burnt offering -## the bronze altar ## +"King Ahaz made his burnt offering" -This was the altar that the people of Israel had made according to God's instructions. \ No newline at end of file +# on the altar + +This refers to the altar that King Ahaz told Uriah to build. + +# The bronze altar that was before Yahweh + +This was the altar that the people of Israel had made long ago according to God's instructions. + +# The bronze altar that was before Yahweh + +The phrase "before Yahweh" is a metonym that refers to the place where Yahweh had shown his glory in the past. AT: "The bronze altar that was in front of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the front of the temple ... from between his altar and the temple of Yahweh + +Both of these phrases tell where the bronze altar was. They refer to the same place. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/15.md b/2ki/16/15.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8e6d82aad9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/16/15.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# the large altar + +This refers to the new altar that Ahaz told Uriah to build. + +# the king's burnt offering and his grain offering + +When Ahaz said "the king" and "his," he was referring to himself. The king treated his offerings as special. AT: "my burnt offering and my grain offering" or "the royal burnt offering and royal grain offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/17.md b/2ki/16/17.md index 605d46b737..79cdeac7dd 100644 --- a/2ki/16/17.md +++ b/2ki/16/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## he also took down the sea ## +# the portable stands -The "sea" was a huge basin or water bowl that was made of bronze. AT: "he also removed the large bowl" +"the movable stands" or "the carts." These stands had wheels on them so they could be moved around. -## because of the king of Assyria ## +# he also took down the sea -"to please the king of Assyria." \ No newline at end of file +"he also removed the large bowl." The "sea" was a huge basin or water bowl that was made of bronze. + +# because of the king of Assyria + +Why they did this can be stated explicitly. AT: "to please the king of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/19.md b/2ki/16/19.md index 01445e6c6f..14c26c1b2c 100644 --- a/2ki/16/19.md +++ b/2ki/16/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## are they not written ## +# are they not written ... Judah? -AT: "they are written (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Ahaz is in this other book. This can also be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah." or "someone has written about them in The Book ... Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Ahaz slept with his ancestors ## +# Ahaz slept with his ancestors -AT: "Ahaz died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Sleeping represents dying. AT: "Ahaz died as his ancestors had" or "like his ancestors, Ahaz died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# was buried with his ancestors + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people buried him with his ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# became king in his place + +The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." AT: "became king instead of Ahaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/16/intro.md b/2ki/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ce6f061ca0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 2 Kings 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ahaz ##### +Ahaz was a wicked king. Israel and Aram united to fight against him, so he paid the Assyrian king to attack Aram. Assyria defeated the people of Aram and took them into captivity. The people were to trust in Yahweh and not rely on military alliances with other Gentile nations. This showed a lack of trust in the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/01.md b/2ki/17/01.md index e8966ec57f..9e6f1b2d55 100644 --- a/2ki/17/01.md +++ b/2ki/17/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Hoshea the son of Elah ## +# Hoshea son of Elah Hoshea became the king of the northern kingdom of Israel. -## He ruled in Samaria ## +# Elah -Samaria was the capital of Israel. +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# He ruled in Samaria -He did not obey Yahweh's laws as given to Moses. AT: "evil to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Samaria was the capital city of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hoshea became his servant and brought him tribute ## +# evil in the sight of Yahweh + +He did not obey Yahweh's laws as given to Moses. "In the sight of" is metaphor for judgment or opinion. AT: "evil to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Shalmaneser + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hoshea became his servant and brought him tribute Hoshea did as the King of Assyria commanded and brought money to him so that the King would not destroy Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/04.md b/2ki/17/04.md index 1bbbd720cd..d0484d8679 100644 --- a/2ki/17/04.md +++ b/2ki/17/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## So...Halah...Habor...Gozan...Medes ## +# So -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## year by year ## +# year by year -"every year" (UDB) +"every year" -## shut him up and bound him in prison ## +# shut him up and bound him in prison -"put Hoshea in prison" (UDB) +"put Hoshea in prison" -## besieged it ## +# besieged it put troops around the city in order to force it to surrender -## carried Israel away to Assyria ## +# carried Israel away to Assyria -"took the Israelite people to Assyria" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +The name "Israel" is metonymy for the people living there. AT: "took the Israelite people to Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Halah ... Habor River ... Gozan + +These are the names of locations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Medes + +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/07.md b/2ki/17/07.md index 1269792390..d7e95bfab2 100644 --- a/2ki/17/07.md +++ b/2ki/17/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -The narrative pauses to summarize Yahweh's judgement on Israel. +# General Information: -## This captivity ## +The narrative pauses to summarize Yahweh's judgment on Israel. + +# This captivity This refers to the capture of the Israelites by the Assyrians. -## the power of ## +# the hand of -"the control of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Hand" is metonymy for control, authority or power. AT: "the control of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# walking in the practices + +"Walking" is metaphor for the ways or patterns of behavior people use in their lives. AT: "doing the activities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/09.md b/2ki/17/09.md index 96597dc35c..5641e5d5b5 100644 --- a/2ki/17/09.md +++ b/2ki/17/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh's judgement on Israel. +# General Information: -## not right against Yahweh ## +The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh's judgment on Israel. -"not right before Yahweh" +# on every high hill and under every green tree -## the tower of the watchman ## - -the smallest kind of town - -## fortified city ## - -a large city, well protected from enemies \ No newline at end of file +These are exaggerations to show that worship of false gods was widespread. AT: "on high hills and under green trees everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/11.md b/2ki/17/11.md index 1c4a1dff11..fced8911ad 100644 --- a/2ki/17/11.md +++ b/2ki/17/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh's judgement on Israel. +# General Information: -## performed wicked things to provoke Yahweh to anger ## +The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh's judgment on Israel. -"did many wicked things that caused Yahweh to become angry" (UDB) or AT: "did many sinful things that made Yahweh angry" +# performed wicked things to provoke Yahweh to anger -## about which Yahweh had said to them ## +Possible ways to render this: 1) "did many wicked things that caused Yahweh to become angry" or 2) "did many sinful things that made Yahweh angry" -AT: "about which Yahweh had warned them" \ No newline at end of file +# about which Yahweh had said to them + +"about which Yahweh had warned them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/13.md b/2ki/17/13.md index 09d75a1c96..84e672effd 100644 --- a/2ki/17/13.md +++ b/2ki/17/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh's judgement on Israel. +# General Information: -## Yahweh had testified...by every prophet ## +The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh's judgment on Israel. + +# Yahweh had testified ... by every prophet Yahweh spoke through the prophets. -## turn from your evil ways ## +# Turn from your evil ways -AT: "stop doing the evil things you have been doing" +"Stop doing the evil things you have been doing" -## I sent to you by my servants the prophets ## +# I sent to you by my servants the prophets The prophets were sent by Yahweh to remind the people of God's Laws and to obey them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/14.md b/2ki/17/14.md index e28ca54f5b..80b73feffb 100644 --- a/2ki/17/14.md +++ b/2ki/17/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -The summary of Yahweh's judgement on Israel continues. +# General Information: -## They were very stubborn ## +The summary of Yahweh's judgment on Israel continues. -Unwilling to to follow God's laws and rely in Yahweh as their God. +# they were very stubborn -## rejected his statute ## +They were unwilling to follow God's laws and rely on Yahweh as their God. + +# rejected his statutes They refused to obey God's Laws. -## They followed useless practices ## +# They followed useless practices -They followed the religious practices of the people around them. +They followed the practices of the people around them. -## futile ## - -"worthless" (UDB) or "useless" or AT: "without any value" - -## not to imitate ## +# not to imitate "not to copy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/16.md b/2ki/17/16.md index ad92c1cc9b..1cd2bcea0a 100644 --- a/2ki/17/16.md +++ b/2ki/17/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -The summary of Yahweh's judgement on Israel continues. +# General Information: -## cast metal figures ## +The summary of Yahweh's judgment on Israel continues. + +# cast metal figures Cast metal figures are objects made by pouring melted metal into a form (or mold) to make a shape. -## enchantments ## +# enchantments -"sorcery" (UDB) +"sorcery" -## sold themselves to do that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# sold themselves to do that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh -AT: "chose to do things that Yahweh said was evil" +To "sell themselves" is a metaphor for committing completely to do that which was evil. AT: "committed themselves to do things that Yahweh said were evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## removed them out of his sight ## +# removed them out of his sight -"removed them from his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Sight" is metonymy for being within the attention of Yahweh so he no longer cared for them. AT: "removed them from his attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/19.md b/2ki/17/19.md index 00ceb6d443..a2f47b564d 100644 --- a/2ki/17/19.md +++ b/2ki/17/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -The summary of Yahweh's judgement on Israel includes leading Judah into Idolatry. +# General Information: -## Judah ## +The summary of Yahweh's judgment on Israel includes how Judah also fell into idolatry. -"the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Judah -## he afflicted them ## +The location "Judah" is metonymy for the people that live there. AT: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he afflicted them "Yahweh punished the Israelites" -## gave them into the hand of those who would take the possession as spoil ## +# gave them into the hand of those who would take the possession as spoil -AT: "handed them over to those who robbed them of their property" +"Hand" is metonymy for control, power or authority. AT: "handed them over to those who robbed them of their property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## until he had cast them out from his sight ## +# until he had cast them out of his sight -AT: "He got rid of them all" (UDB) or "until they were no longer in his presence" \ No newline at end of file +"his sight" is metaphor for attention and caring. AT: "until he got rid of them all" or "until they were no longer in his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/21.md b/2ki/17/21.md index 1a95af1a9b..ba63cd34c7 100644 --- a/2ki/17/21.md +++ b/2ki/17/21.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -The summary of Yahweh's judgement on Israel continues. +# General Information: -## He tore Israel ## +The reason for Yahweh's judgment on Israel continues by relating the history behind it. -AT: "Yahweh removed the people of Israel" +# He tore Israel -## from the royal line of David ## +"He tore" is a metaphor for violent removal. AT: "Yahweh removed the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"from the rule of David's descendants" (UDB) +# from the royal line of David -## drove Israel away from following Yahweh ## +"from the rule of David's descendants" -AT: "turned the people of Israel away from following Yahweh" +# drove Israel away from following Yahweh -## They did not leave them behind ## +"turned the people of Israel away from following Yahweh" -AT: "The Israelites did not stop committing these sins" or "They did not turn away from those sins" (UDB) +# they did not depart from them -## so Yahweh removed Israel from his sight ## +"the Israelites did not stop committing these sins" or "they did not turn away from those sins" -AT: "So Yahweh removed the people of Israel from his presence" \ No newline at end of file +# so Yahweh removed Israel from his sight + +"Sight" is a metaphor for attention and care. AT: "so Yahweh removed the people of Israel from his attention and care" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/24.md b/2ki/17/24.md index 4facc6748c..b6e320e112 100644 --- a/2ki/17/24.md +++ b/2ki/17/24.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh's judgement continues against the new Assyrian inhabitants who practice their pagan religions. +# General Information: -## Cuthah...Avva...Hamath...Sepharvaim ## +Yahweh's judgment continues against the new Assyrian inhabitants who practice their pagan religions. -Places in the Assyrian empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Kuthah ... Avva ... Hamath ... Sepharvaim -## It happened at the beginning of their residence there ## +These are places in the Assyrian empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "When those people first lived there" +# It happened at the beginning of their residence there that -## that they did not honor Yahweh ## +"When those people first lived there" -The new people did not worship or seek to honor Yahweh. +# The nations that you have carried away and placed in the cities of Samaria -## The nations that you have carried away and placed in the cities of Samaria ## +"The people you have moved from other lands and sent to live in the cities of Samaria" -AT: "The people you have moved from other lands and sent to live in the cities of Samaria" +# do not know the practices required by the god of the land -## do not know the practices required by the god of the land ## - -"do not know how to worship the God that the Israelites worshipped in this land" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"do not know how to worship the God that the Israelites worshiped in this land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/27.md b/2ki/17/27.md index c745ea68e4..0e82ec55c1 100644 --- a/2ki/17/27.md +++ b/2ki/17/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Take one of the priests there whom you brought from there ## +# Take one of the priests there whom you brought from there -AT: "Take a priest who came from Samaria back there," +"Take a priest who came from Samaria back there" -## and let him teach them ## +# let him teach them -AT: "and let the Samaritan priest teach the people who are living there now" \ No newline at end of file +"let the Samaritan priest teach the people who are living there now" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/29.md b/2ki/17/29.md index 3f8453dd04..3cde6b6181 100644 --- a/2ki/17/29.md +++ b/2ki/17/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Succothbenoth, Cuth, Nergal, Ashima, Avvites, Nibhaz, Tartak, Sepharvites, Adrammelech, Anammelech ## +# Succoth Benoth ... Nergal ... Ashima ... Nibhaz ... Tartak ... Adrammelek ... Anammelek -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of gods, both male and female. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## burned their children in the fire ## +# Kuthah ... Hamath -"sacrificed their own children" (UDB) or AT: "burned their children in fire as an offering" \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Avvites ... Sepharvites + +These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# burned their children in the fire + +"sacrificed their own children" or "burned their children in fire as an offering" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/32.md b/2ki/17/32.md index 768c5fbc92..bba62e109c 100644 --- a/2ki/17/32.md +++ b/2ki/17/32.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## They ## +# They This refers to the pagan people that the king of Assyria moved into the cities of Samaria. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/34.md b/2ki/17/34.md index 53e3e0a7df..d45af8029a 100644 --- a/2ki/17/34.md +++ b/2ki/17/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## they persist in their old customs ## +# they persist in their old customs -"they continue in the same habits as before." +"they continue in the same habits as before" -## They neither honor Yahweh... ## +# They neither honor Yahweh -The people were only interested in appeasing Yahweh They were either not interested or not aware Yahweh was interested in a relationship with them. \ No newline at end of file +The people were only interested in appeasing Yahweh. They were either not interested or not aware Yahweh was interested in a relationship with them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/36.md b/2ki/17/36.md index e639875c1c..06028ccfeb 100644 --- a/2ki/17/36.md +++ b/2ki/17/36.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh is the one true God. Worship and obey him and no other god. +# General Information: -## great power and a raised arm ## +The summary comes toward the end with an appeal to worship only Yahweh. -"very great power" (UDB) or AT: "with mighty power and a strong arm," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +# with great power and a raised arm -## raised arm ## +The phrase "raised arm" is metonymy for displaying power and means basically the same thing as "great power." AT: "with very great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -The raised arm represents power and strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## keep them ## +# keep them "obey them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/39.md b/2ki/17/39.md index 9f6d6ea03c..79302eb2da 100644 --- a/2ki/17/39.md +++ b/2ki/17/39.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## might of your enemies ## +# General Information: -"from your enemies" or "from the power of all your enemies" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The summary now ends with an appeal to worship only Yahweh and a description of the sins of the people. -## did not listen ## +# They would not listen -"did not obey" +"Listen" is a metaphor for paying attention and acting on the command. AT: "They did not obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## these nations feared Yahweh ## +# these nations feared Yahweh -These nations feared Yahweh only to the point of appeasing him the same way they treat their own gods. \ No newline at end of file +These nations feared Yahweh only to the point of appeasing him the same way they treated their own gods. + +# up to this day + +"and have continued ever since." The phrase "this day" refers to the time period in which the writer lived. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/17/intro.md b/2ki/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..908ef08f85 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Kings 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter ends the story about the kingdom of Israel and continues with Judah alone. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Idol worship ##### + +Israel continued to worship idols, so God punished them by allowing Assyria to conquer them and take them away. Assyria brought people from other lands and settled them in what used to be Israel's territory and the new people worshiped their own gods in addition to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/01.md b/2ki/18/01.md index 91a08074de..4af1653217 100644 --- a/2ki/18/01.md +++ b/2ki/18/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Hezekiah becomes king over Judah in place of his father King Ahaz. -## He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# Hoshea ... Elah ... Zechariah -AT: "King Hezekiah did what was right to Yahweh," or "Hezekiah did things that Yahweh said are right," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Abijah + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh + +"In the eyes" is a metaphor for Yahweh's attention and care. AT: "King Hezekiah did what was right to Yahweh" or "Hezekiah did things that Yahweh said are right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/04.md b/2ki/18/04.md index 77e6bb832e..db44baaa70 100644 --- a/2ki/18/04.md +++ b/2ki/18/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + The story of King Hezekiah's reign continues. -## He removed the shrines, destroyed the sacred stone pillars, and cut down the Asherah poles ## +# He removed the high places, destroyed the stone pillars, and cut down the Asherah poles -AT: "Hezekiah removed the high places of worship, smashed into pieces the memorial stones, and cut down the wooden poles of Asherah."​ +"Hezekiah removed the high places of worship, smashed into pieces the memorial stones, and cut down the wooden poles of Asherah" -## Nehushtan ## +# Nehushtan "Bronze Serpent Idol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/06.md b/2ki/18/06.md index 067870b705..c33ff480df 100644 --- a/2ki/18/06.md +++ b/2ki/18/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The story of King Hezekiah's reign continues. -## he held on to Yahweh ## +# he held on to Yahweh -AT: "Hezekiah stayed loyal to Yahweh." or "Hezekiah remained faithful to Yahweh." +To "hold on" is metaphor for staying loyal and attached. AT: "Hezekiah stayed loyal to Yahweh" or "Hezekiah remained faithful to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and wherever he went he prospered ## +# wherever he went he prospered -AT: "and wherever Hezekiah went he was successful." +"wherever Hezekiah went he was successful" -## fortified city ## +# fortified city city with a wall all around it \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/09.md b/2ki/18/09.md index 002e1b2471..9ff249fd89 100644 --- a/2ki/18/09.md +++ b/2ki/18/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Shalmaneser ## +# Hoshea ... Elah ... Shalmaneser -man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/11.md b/2ki/18/11.md index 56959570f2..f3c0a03729 100644 --- a/2ki/18/11.md +++ b/2ki/18/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Halah ... Gozan ## +# Halah ... Habor River ... Gozan -place names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## So the king of Assyria carried Israel captive away to Assyria ## +# Medes -AT: "So the king of Assyria commanded his army to take the Israelites away from their homes, and he made them live in Assyria" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# So the king of Assyria carried Israel away to Assyria + +"So the king of Assyria commanded his army to take the Israelites away from their homes, and he made them live in Assyria" + +# the voice of Yahweh + +"Voice" is metonymy for the message about the command of Yahweh. AT: "the command of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/13.md b/2ki/18/13.md index 4ee7801765..9820900391 100644 --- a/2ki/18/13.md +++ b/2ki/18/13.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Sennacherib ## +# Sennacherib -man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Lachish ## +# Lachish -place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## fortified cities ## +# fortified cities -See how you translated "fortified city" in [2 Kings 18:6](./06.md). +Cities with walls around them for protection. See how you translated "fortified city" in [2 Kings 18:8](./06.md). -## Withdraw from me ## +# Withdraw from me -AT: "Take your army out of my cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This expression assumes that "me" represents the kingdom of Hezekiah. AT: "Take your army out of my territory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Whatever you put on me I will bear ## +# Whatever you put on me I will bear -AT: "I will pay you whatever you demand of me" +"I will pay you whatever you demand of me" -## talents ## +# talents -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +This is the name of type of weight that was used for money. One talent weighted about 33 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## treasuries ## +# treasuries This was the place in the palace where money and valuable things were stored. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/16.md b/2ki/18/16.md index 0c03874556..81ea85c239 100644 --- a/2ki/18/16.md +++ b/2ki/18/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## The king of Assyria mobilized his great army, sending Tartan and Rabsaris and Rabshakeh ## +# the king of Assyria mobilized his great army, sending Tartan and Rabsaris and the chief commander -Sennacherib sent a group of men from his army to Jerusalem to meet with King Hezekiah, including officials named Tartan, Rabsaris and Rabshakeh. +Sennacherib sent a group of men from his army to Jerusalem to meet with King Hezekiah, including officials named Tartan and Rabsaris. -## Tartan ... Rabsaris ... Rabshakeh ... Eliakim ... Hilkiah ... Shebna ... Joah ... Asaph ## +# Tartan ... Rabsaris -men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Some Bibles translate these as proper names. Other versions of the Bible translate them as titles. AT: "the Tartan ... the Rabsaris" or "the leader of the soldier ... a court official" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Tartan ... Rabsaris ... Rabshakeh ## +# Lachish -Some understand these to be titles: "the tartan ... the rabsaris ... the rabshakeh" or "the leader of the soldiers .., another important official ... the man who tasted the king's wine" (see UDB). +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Lachish ## +# the conduit of the upper pool -place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +the channel where the water stored in the "upper pool" flows into the city of Jerusalem -## the conduit of the upper pool ## +# stood by it -the place where the water stored in the "upper pool" flows into the city of Jerusalem +"and waited there for King Hezekiah to meet with them" -## stood by it ## +# Eliakim ... Hilkiah ... Shebna ... Joah ... Asaph -AT: "and waited there for King Hezekiah to meet with them" \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/19.md b/2ki/18/19.md index 5762b5d2ec..19895b7eb3 100644 --- a/2ki/18/19.md +++ b/2ki/18/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Rabshakeh (see note on [2 Kings 18:16](./16.md)) continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah's men. +# General Information: -## Now in whom are you trusting? Who has given you courage to rebel against me? ## +Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah's men. -The King of Assyria (through his messenger Rabshakeh) does not ask these questions looking for an answer, but wants to make King Hezekiah doubt himself and Egypt's support. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# What is the source of your confidence? ... Now in whom are you trusting? Who has given you courage to rebel against me? -## walking stick of this bruised reed of Egypt ## +The King of Assyria (through his messenger Rabshakeh) does not ask these questions looking for an answer, but wants to make King Hezekiah doubt himself and Egypt's support. AT: "Do not trust in anybody. You were foolish to rebel against me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -The King of Assyria compares Egypt to a weak walking stick; you expect that it will support you when you lean on it, but instead it breaks and cuts you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# walking stick of this bruised reed of Egypt + +The King of Assyria compares Egypt to a weak walking stick; you expect that it will support you when you lean on it, but instead it breaks and cuts you. AT: "the weak support from Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but if a man leans ... and pierce it + +The speaker is extending the metaphor by describing what happens when a reed is used as a support. AT: "but if someone uses this for support, he will be injured" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/22.md b/2ki/18/22.md index dba2a0e653..d65642b92f 100644 --- a/2ki/18/22.md +++ b/2ki/18/22.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Rabshakeh (see note on [2 Kings 18:16](./16.md)) continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah's men. +# General Information: -## Is not he the one whose shrines ... Jerusalem'? ## +Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah's men. -AT: "You need to remember that he is the one whose shrines ... Jerusalem'!" \ No newline at end of file +# is not he the one whose high places ... Jerusalem'? + +This question assumes the listeners know the answer and is used for emphasis. AT: "You need to remember that he is the one whose high places ... Jerusalem'!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/24.md b/2ki/18/24.md index a715c3168d..7586854edc 100644 --- a/2ki/18/24.md +++ b/2ki/18/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Rabshakeh (see note on [2 Kings 18:16](./16.md)) continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah's men. +# General Information: -## How could you resist even one captain of the least of my master's servants? ## +Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah's men. -Possible meanings are 1) "You could not defeat even one of the least of the king's soldiers" or 2) "You could not defeat a group of the king's soldiers commanded by his least important officer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# How could you resist even one captain of the least of my master's servants? -## Have I traveled up here without Yahweh to fight against this place and destroy it? - ## +He asks this question to emphasize that the army of Hezekiah does not have the resources to fight. He also uses exaggeration to mock Hezekiah's army. AT: Possible meanings are 1) "You could not defeat even one of the least of the king's soldiers." or 2) "You could not defeat a group of the king's soldiers commanded by his least important officer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -** AT: "Yahweh himself told us to come here and destroy this land!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Have I traveled up here without Yahweh to fight against this place and destroy it? + +He asks this question to emphasize that Yahweh is behind his success to obey the command to destroy Israel. AT: "Yahweh himself told us to come here and destroy this land!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/26.md b/2ki/18/26.md index b985d70f68..e5cd1cad58 100644 --- a/2ki/18/26.md +++ b/2ki/18/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Hilkiah ## +# Eliakim ... Hilkiah ... Shebnah ... Joah -See how you translated this in [2 Kings 18:16](./16.md). +Translate the names of these men as in [2 Kings 18:18](./16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in the ears of the people who are on the wall ## +# in the ears of the people who are on the wall -AT: "because the people standing on the city wall will hear it and be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"In the ears" is metonymy for being able to listen. AT: "because the people standing on the city wall will hear it and be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Has my master sent me to your master and to you to speak these words? Has he not sent me to the men who sit on the wall, who will have to ear their own dung and drink their own urine with you?" ## +# Has my master sent me to your master and to you to speak these words? Has he not sent me to the men who sit on the wall, who will have to eat their own dung and drink their own urine with you? -AT: "My master sent me not only to you and your master, but also to speak to the people in this city, who will suffer with you when they have to eat their own dung and drink their own urine to survive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +He asks these questions assuming the listeners know the answers to emphasize their intention to destroy and humiliate the leaders and people of Jerusalem. AT: "My master sent me not only to you and your master, but also to speak to the people in this city, who will suffer with you when they have to eat their own dung and drink their own urine to survive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/28.md b/2ki/18/28.md index ce168371bb..ac0a42e9b7 100644 --- a/2ki/18/28.md +++ b/2ki/18/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## from my power ## +# from my power -AT: "from me" or "from the power of my army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"my power" is metonymy for the ability of the king himself. AT: "from me" or "from the power of my army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## this city will not be handed over to the king of Assyria ## +# this city will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria -AT: "Yahweh will never allow the king of Assyria's army to take this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be expressed in an active form. AT: "Yahweh will never allow the king of Assyria's army to take this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the hand + +"Hand" is metonymy for control, authority and power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/31.md b/2ki/18/31.md index 2a5e60e2c7..3260a1695c 100644 --- a/2ki/18/31.md +++ b/2ki/18/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Make peace with me and come out to me ## +# Make peace with me and come out to me -"Come out of the city and surrender to me" (UDB) or AT: "Make an agreement with me to surrender, and come out of the city to me" \ No newline at end of file +"Come out of the city and surrender to me" or "Make an agreement with me to surrender, and come out of the city to me" + +# his own vine ... his own fig tree ... his own cistern + +These sources of food and water are metaphors for security and plenty. This also was a common way of expressing this idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a land of grain and new wine ... bread and vineyards ... olive trees and honey + +These are metaphors for having good things and plenty in daily life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/33.md b/2ki/18/33.md index fe6fda9ca0..d896dddf20 100644 --- a/2ki/18/33.md +++ b/2ki/18/33.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Rabshakeh (see note on [2 Kings 18:16](./16.md)) continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah's men. +# General Information: -## Where are the gods of ...? ## +Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah's men. -"I have destroyed the gods of ...!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Has any of the gods ... Assyria? -## Hamath...Arpad...Sepharvaim, Hena...Ivvah ## +He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. AT: "None the gods of the peoples have rescued them ... Assyria." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -place names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Where are the gods of ... Arpad? -## out of my hand ## +He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. AT: "I have destroyed the gods of ... Arpad!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "out from my control" [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Hamath ... Arpad ... Sepharvaim ... Hena ... Ivvah ... Samaria -## from my power ## +These are the names of places that represent the people living there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -"from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# out of my hand -## How could Yahweh save Jerusalem from my might? ## +"Hand" is metonymy for control, power, or authority. AT: "out from my control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"There is no way Yahweh can save Jerusalem from my might!" \ No newline at end of file +# is there any god who has rescued his land from my power? + +He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. AT: "No god has rescued his land from my power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# from my power + +"My power" is metonymy for the person whose has the power. AT: "from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# How could Yahweh save Jerusalem from my might? + +He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. AT: "There is no way Yahweh can save Jerusalem from my might!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/36.md b/2ki/18/36.md index fcb7e9477f..369332fcf6 100644 --- a/2ki/18/36.md +++ b/2ki/18/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Eliakim ... Shebna ... Joah ... Asaph ## +# Eliakim ... Shebna ... Joah ... Asaph -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## who was over the household ## +# who was over the household -AT: "who managed the king's palace" +"who managed the king's palace" -## the recorder ## +# the recorder "the history keeper" -## chief commander ## +# chief commander and is the translation of the Hebrew; some see this as a personal name, "Rabshakeh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/18/intro.md b/2ki/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..27f6bf2e9b --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the story of Hezekiah, one of the great kings of Judah (2 Kings 18 – 20). Because he was so important, there is more space dedicated to the history of his reign. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust in Yahweh ##### +Hezekiah trusted and obeyed God. He stopped paying tribute to Assyria so the Assyrians invaded Judah. The Assyrian king told the people of Judah that resistance was useless. Despite this, Hezekiah trusted in the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/01.md b/2ki/19/01.md index 9d9c4bad81..760afcdbf0 100644 --- a/2ki/19/01.md +++ b/2ki/19/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## He sent Eliakim ## +# house of Yahweh + +This is another way of saying "temple of Yahweh." + +# Eliakim ... Shebna ... Isaiah ... Amoz + +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He sent Eliakim "Hezekiah sent Eliakim" -## all covered with sackcloth ## +# all covered with sackcloth -AT: "all wearing sackcloth" \ No newline at end of file +"all wearing sackcloth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/03.md b/2ki/19/03.md index 0f2a87dca4..c84613a147 100644 --- a/2ki/19/03.md +++ b/2ki/19/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## as when children come to the beginning of the birth canal, but the mother has no strength to deliver them ## +# This day is a day of distress -"like a woman who is about to give birth to a child, but she is not strong enough to do it" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"This is a time of distress" -## It may be Yahweh your God will hear all the words of the chief commander ## +# the children have come to the time of birth, but there is no strength for them to be born -"Perhaps Yahweh your God will hear all that the chief commander has said" +This is a metaphor to describe how the people and their leaders have become so weak and unable to fight the enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## whom the king of Assyria his master has sent to defy the living God ## +# all the words of the chief commander -This can be a separate sentence: His master, the king of Assyria sent him to defy the living God." +"everything that the chief commander has said" -## and will rebuke the words which Yahweh your God has heard ## +# lift up your prayer -"and perhaps Yahweh your God will rebuke the chief commander for what he said" \ No newline at end of file +This a common way (an idiom) to use the action of lifting to metaphorically represent praying earnestly to Yahweh who is above us. AT: "pray earnestly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/05.md b/2ki/19/05.md index e6de5b6c24..75e0af74ce 100644 --- a/2ki/19/05.md +++ b/2ki/19/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I will put a spirit in him, and he will hear a certain report and go back to his own land ## +# I will put a spirit in him, and he will hear a certain report and go back to his own land -AT: "I will control what the king of Assyria does, so when he hears a report, he will want to return to his own country ..." +"I will control the attitude of the king of Assyria, so when he hears a report, he will want to return to his own country" -## I will cause him to fall by the sword ## +# I will put a spirit in him -AT: "I will cause him to die by the sword" or "I will cause some men to kill him with a sword" \ No newline at end of file +"I will influence his thinking" or "I will cause him to think differently." Here "spirit" probably refers to his attitude and thoughts, rather than to a spirit being. + +# I will cause him to fall by the sword + +"Fall by the sword" is metonymy for being killed. AT: "I will cause him to die by the sword" or "I will cause some men to kill him with a sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/08.md b/2ki/19/08.md index 6a144be6e5..38ce5c4aeb 100644 --- a/2ki/19/08.md +++ b/2ki/19/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Rabshakeh ## +# the chief commander -AT: "the official from Assyria" +"the official from Assyria in charge under the king" -## found the king of Assyria fighting ## +# found the king of Assyria fighting -AT: "heard that the Assyrian army was fighting" +"discovered that the Assyrian army was fighting" -## Libnah...Lachish ## +# Libnah ... Lachish The names of cities in the kingdom of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## had mobilized to fight against him ## +# Sennacherib ... Tirhakah -AT: "had prepared his army to fight against Assyria" +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## so he sent ## +# had mobilized to fight against him + +"had prepared his army to fight against Assyria" + +# so he sent "so Sennacherib sent" -## a message ## +# a message This message was written in a letter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/10.md b/2ki/19/10.md index ffc0201f0f..f06dae0c59 100644 --- a/2ki/19/10.md +++ b/2ki/19/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + This is the message that King Sennacharib of Assyria sent to King Hezekiah. -## Do not let your God in whom you trust deceive you, saying ## +# Do not let your God in whom you trust deceive you, saying -AT: "Do not believe your God in whom you trust. He is lying when he says" +"Do not believe your God in whom you trust. He is lying when he says" -## given over into the hand of the king of Assyria" ## +# the hand of the king of Assyria -The word "hand" here represents control. AT: "given into the control of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Hand" is metonymy for control, authority or power. AT: "the control of the government of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## See, you have heard ## +# See, you have heard -AT: "Listen, you have heard" or "You have certainly heard" (UDB). Here "see" was used to draw attention to what he was about to say next. +"Notice, you have heard" or "You have certainly heard." Here "see" was used to draw attention to what he was about to say next. -## So will you be rescued? ## +# So will you be rescued? -Sennacharib used this question to emphasize that God will not be able to rescue them. AT: "Your God will not rescue you" or "You will not be able to escape either" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Sennacharib used this question to emphasize that God will not be able to rescue them. AT: "Your God will not rescue you!" or "You will not be able to escape either!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/12.md b/2ki/19/12.md index 1a807444f9..ae433c8c6b 100644 --- a/2ki/19/12.md +++ b/2ki/19/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + King Sennacharib's message to King Hezekiah continues. -## Have the gods of the nations rescued them ## +# Have the gods of the nations rescued them -AT: "The gods of the nations did not rescue them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question assumes Hezekiah knows the answer and provides emphasis. AT: "The gods of the nations certainly did not rescue them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## my fathers ## +# my fathers -AT: "the previous kings of Assyria" or "the armies of the previous kings of Assyria" (UDB) +"the previous kings of Assyria" or "the armies of the previous kings of Assyria" -## Gozan, Haran, Rezeph, Eden, Telassar, Hamath, Arpad, Sepharvaim, Hena, Ivvah ## +# Gozan ... Haran ... Rezeph ... Eden ... Tel Assar ... Hamath ... Arpad ... Sepharvaim ... Hena ... Ivvah These are all place names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/14.md b/2ki/19/14.md index c818e7214c..def081ff0c 100644 --- a/2ki/19/14.md +++ b/2ki/19/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## this letter ## +# this letter -This refers to the letter that King Sennacherib of Assyria sent to Hezekiah. (See: [2 Kings 19:8](./08.md)) +This refers to the letter that King Sennacherib of Assyria sent to Hezekiah. (See: [2 Kings 19:8](./08.md)) -## you are God alone ## +# you who sit above the cherubim -Hezekiah has changed from seeing Yahweh being Isaiah's God to Yahweh being the one and only God. The form of "you" in this location is emphatic. AT: "You yourself are God alone..." \ No newline at end of file +You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. AT: "you who sit on your throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/16.md b/2ki/19/16.md index 24faf01aa1..5a09fb18c2 100644 --- a/2ki/19/16.md +++ b/2ki/19/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + King Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh after receiving the letter from King Sennacherib of Assyria. -## turn your ear, Yahweh, and listen ## +# Turn your ear, Yahweh, and listen. Open your eyes, Yahweh, and see -AT: "Please listen to what I am going to say Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Both of these sentences urge Yahweh to pay attention to the things that Sennacherib is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## open your eyes, Yahweh, and see ## +# Turn your ear, Yahweh, and listen -AT: "Please look and see what is happening Yahweh," +The words "Turn your ear" and "listen" mean the same thing and add emphasis to the plea. AT: "Yahweh, please listen to what he is saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## They have put their gods into the fire ## +# Open your eyes, Yahweh, and see -The Assyrian kings have burned up the other nations' gods. +The words "Open your eyes" and "see" mean the same thing and add emphasis to the plea. AT: "Yahweh, please pay attention to what is happening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Assyrians have destroyed them ## +# They have put their gods into the fire -The Assyrians destroyed both the nations and the nation's gods. \ No newline at end of file +"The Assyrian kings have burned up the gods of the other nations" + +# Assyrians have destroyed them + +"Assyrians have destroyed both the nations and the nations' gods" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/19.md b/2ki/19/19.md index 6554e186c1..afef4e6935 100644 --- a/2ki/19/19.md +++ b/2ki/19/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + King Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh after receiving the letter from King Sennacherib of Assyria. -## Yahweh our God ## +# I implore you -Hezekiah acknowledges Yahweh as the God, Israel's God, and his God. +"I beg of you" -## I implore you ## +# from his power -AT: "I beg of you," - -## from his power ## - -"from the power of the King of Assyria" (UDB) or AT: "from the armies of the King of Assyria." \ No newline at end of file +"from the power of the King of Assyria" or "from the armies of the King of Assyria" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/20.md b/2ki/19/20.md index d6bc018257..9d05097de7 100644 --- a/2ki/19/20.md +++ b/2ki/19/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## The virgin daughter of Zion ## +# The virgin daughter of Zion -AT: "The people of Jerusalem" The term "daughter" was used to give personal characteristics to cities by some biblical writers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Virgin daughter" is a metaphor for the people of Jerusalem as if they are young, vibrant and beautiful. The term "daughter" was used to give personal characteristics to cities by some biblical writers. AT: "The beautiful people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## The virgin daughter of Zion despises you and laughs you to scorn. The daughter of Jerusalem shakes her head at you. ## +# The virgin daughter of Zion despises you and laughs you to scorn. The daughter of Jerusalem shakes her head at you. Both of these sentences intend to give the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## The daughter of Jerusalem ## +# The daughter of Jerusalem -AT: "The people of the city of Jerusalem" +"Daughter" is metaphor for the people of Jerusalem. AT: "The people of the city of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## lifted up your eyes in pride ## +# shakes her head at you -"looked at very proudly" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This action is a metaphor to represent disdain at the pride of the Assyrians. AT: "scorns you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the Holy One of Israel ## +# Whom have you defied and insulted? Against whom have you exalted your voice and lifted up your eyes in pride? Against the Holy One of Israel! + +Yahweh uses rhetorical questions to rebuke Sennacherib. AT: "You have defied and insulted me! You have exalted your voice and lifted up your eyes in pride against me, the Holy One of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# lifted up your eyes in pride + +"lifted up your eyes in pride" is metonymy for a haughty or arrogant facial expression. AT: "looked at very proudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Holy One of Israel An expression for the God of Israel, Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/23.md b/2ki/19/23.md index dff79ee63f..80403e7135 100644 --- a/2ki/19/23.md +++ b/2ki/19/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -This continues the message from Yahweh given by Isaiah, the prophet, to King Hezekiah concerning King Sennacherib. +# General Information: -## you have defied the Lord ## +This continues the message from Yahweh given by Isaiah, the prophet, to King Hezekiah concerning King Sennacherib. It uses parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -To "defy" is to insult or mock. +# you have defied the Lord -## I have gone up...I will cut down...I will enter... ## +To "defy" is to openly resist or mock. -These boasts made by Sennacherib could only be fulfilled by his army. +# I have gone up ... I will cut down ... I will enter -## I dried up all the rivers of Egypt under the soles of my feet ## +These boasts made by Sennacherib could only be fulfilled by his army. The pronoun "I" represents him and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -"And by marching through the streams of Egypt, we dried them all up!" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I dried up all the rivers of Egypt under the soles of my feet + +This is a boast that Sennacherib has so many soldiers that their feet dry up the water when they cross a river. This is an exagerration to emphasize the great number of soldiers he has. AT: "And by marching through the streams of Egypt, we dried them all up!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/25.md b/2ki/19/25.md index ce7586d9ed..253a4d2151 100644 --- a/2ki/19/25.md +++ b/2ki/19/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -This continues the message from Yahweh, given by Isaiah, the prophet, for King Hezekiah concerning King Sennecherib. +# General Information: -## impregnable cities ## +This continues the message from Yahweh, given by Isaiah, the prophet, for King Hezekiah concerning King Sennecherib. It uses parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "cities that cannot be captured" or "cities surrounded by high walls" (UDB) +# Have you not heard how ... times? -## plants in the field, green grass ## +To make the point strongly this question assumes the listener knows the answer. AT: "Surely you know how ... times." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"as frail as plants and grass in the fields" (UDB) or AT: "as weak as shallow rooted plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# impregnable cities -## the grass on the roof or in the field, burned before it has grown up ## +"cities that cannot be captured" or "cities surrounded by high walls" -AT: "like grass before it has matured." or "like grass before it has grown tall." \ No newline at end of file +# plants in the field, green grass + +This metaphor compares the weak victims of the Assyrian advance to fragile plants. AT: "as frail as plants and grass in the fields" or "as weak as shallow rooted plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the grass on the roof or in the field, burned before it has grown up + +This continues the metaphor comparing the weak victims of the Assyrian advance to fragile plants in difficult conditions for growing fully. AT: "like grass before it has matured" or "like grass before it has grown tall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/27.md b/2ki/19/27.md index e20abdc77d..a71ec583a7 100644 --- a/2ki/19/27.md +++ b/2ki/19/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -This continues the message from Yahweh, given by Isaiah, the prophet, for King Hezekiah concerning King Sennecherib. +# General Information: -## raging against me ## +This continues the message from Yahweh, given by Isaiah, the prophet, for King Hezekiah concerning King Sennecherib. It uses parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "your angry shouting about me," +# raging against me -## because your arrogance has reached my ears ## +"angry shouting about me" -"because I have heard your proud words," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# because your arrogance has reached my ears -## I will put my hook in your nose, and my bit in your mouth ## +"Ears" are metonymy for listening or hearing. AT: "because I have heard your proud words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "I will lead you like an animal." +# I will put my hook in your nose, and my bit in your mouth -## I will turn you back the way you came ## +A "hook" and a "bit" (to control a horse) are metaphors for Yahweh's control of Sennacherib. AT: "I will lead you like an animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "I will make you return to your own country the same way you came, without conquering Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I will turn you back the way you came + +That Sennacherib will return home before he can conquer Jerusalem can be stated clearly. AT: "I will make you return to your own country the same way you came, without conquering Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/29.md b/2ki/19/29.md index fa434b2bdd..321a97e56d 100644 --- a/2ki/19/29.md +++ b/2ki/19/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Here Isaiah is talking to King Hezekiah. +# General Information: -## grows wild ## +Here Isaiah is talking to King Hezekiah. He continues using parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "grows without having been planted," +# grows wild -## The remnant of the house of Judah that survives will again take root and bear fruit ## +"grows without having been planted" -AT: "The people of Judah who remain alive will be like plants who grow and produce fruit." or "The people who remain in Judah will prosper and have many children." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# The remnant of the house of Judah that survives will again take root and bear fruit -## The zeal of Yahweh of hosts will do this ## +This metaphor compares restoration of the remnant to plantings that take hold and produce results. AT: "The people of Judah who remain alive will restore their lives and prosperity" or "The people who remain in Judah will prosper and have many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "The strong action of Yahweh will make this happen." \ No newline at end of file +# The zeal of Yahweh of hosts will do this + +"The strong action of Yahweh will make this happen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/32.md b/2ki/19/32.md index 0f1ac148f0..2db1b3f03e 100644 --- a/2ki/19/32.md +++ b/2ki/19/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -This is the end of the message from Yahweh, spoken through the prophet Isaiah to King Hezekiah. +# General Information: -## or build a siege ramp against it ## +This is the end of the message from Yahweh, spoken through the prophet Isaiah to King Hezekiah. It uses parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"and they will not even build up high mounds of earth against the city wall to enable them to attack the city." (UDB) +# nor shoot an arrow here -## This is the declaration of Yahweh ## +"Arrow" is metonymy representing all tools of warfare and destruction. AT: "nor do any fighting here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -For Yahweh to "declare" is for Yahweh to promise or commit to what He said He will do. +# or build up a siege ramp against it -## for my own sake and for my servant David's sake ## +"and they will not even build up high mounds of earth against the city wall to enable them to attack the city" -AT: "for the sake of my own reputation and because of what I promised to King David, who served me well." (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# for my own sake and for my servant David's sake + +"for the sake of my own reputation and because of what I promised to King David, who served me well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/35.md b/2ki/19/35.md index b2763c52c2..823083650a 100644 --- a/2ki/19/35.md +++ b/2ki/19/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## It came about ## +# It came about "It happened" -## When the men arose ## +# 185,000 soldiers -"when the men who were left alive arose" +"one hundred eighty-five thousand soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Nisroch, Adrammelech, Sharezer, Esarhaddon ## +# When the men arose -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"When the men who were left alive got up" + +# Adrammelek ... Sharezer ... Esarhaddon + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/19/intro.md b/2ki/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c185762f43 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 2 Kings 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Hezekiah continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's power ##### +God is in control of everything. God caused the Assyrian king to fail in conquering Jerusalem because he mocked God. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### + +"The virgin daughter of Zion" is an idiom meaning the people of Jerusalem. "The virgin daughter of Zion despises you and laughs you to scorn" means that "the people of Jerusalem know that Assyria will fail because they have mocked God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/01.md b/2ki/20/01.md index abb9863d97..5b5604a494 100644 --- a/2ki/20/01.md +++ b/2ki/20/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## set your house in order ## +# Set your house in order -"give final instructions to your household" +"House" is metonymy for what was under Hezekiah's control. AT: "Give final instructions to your household and government" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## call to mind ## +# call to mind -"remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is a common way of speaking, an idiom, urging Yahweh to remember. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## walked ## +# walked -"lived my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "lived my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## good in your sight ## +# good in your sight -"pleasing to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/04.md b/2ki/20/04.md index 26cc24c638..67dda1214b 100644 --- a/2ki/20/04.md +++ b/2ki/20/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## on the third day ## +# the word of Yahweh came -"two days from now" (UDB) The day Isaiah said this was the first day, so "the third day" would be the same as "two days from now." \ No newline at end of file +"Word" represents the message Yahweh revealed to Isaiah. This is a common way of speaking, an idiom. AT: "Yahweh spoke his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I have heard your prayer, and I have seen your tears + +The second part reinforces the first part to make one message by using parallelism. AT: "I have heard your prayers and seen your tears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# on the third day + +"two days from now" The day Isaiah said this was the first day, so "the third day" would be the same as "two days from now." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/06.md b/2ki/20/06.md index 3ccee8cfac..bb8b2c156b 100644 --- a/2ki/20/06.md +++ b/2ki/20/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + The message from Yahweh to King Hezekiah through the prophet Isaiah continues. -## fifteen years ## +# fifteen years 15 years (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## from the power of the King of Assyria ## +# from the hand of the king of Assyria -"from the King of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Hand" is metonymy for power, authority and control. AT: "from the control of the king of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## lump of figs ## +# lump of figs -"paste made of boiled figs" (UDB) +"paste made of boiled figs" -## they did so and put it on his boil" ## +# They did so and put it on his boil -AT: "Hezekiah's servants did this and put the paste on Hezekiah's sore" \ No newline at end of file +"Hezekiah's servants did this and put the paste on Hezekiah's sore" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/08.md b/2ki/20/08.md index 96358c9764..8fccc57146 100644 --- a/2ki/20/08.md +++ b/2ki/20/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Shall the shadow go forward ten steps, or go back ten steps?" ## +# Shall the shadow go forward ten steps, or go back ten steps? -AT: "Do you want Yahweh to make the shadow caused by the sunlight on the stairway to go forward ten steps or to go back ten steps?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]). Steps could also be translated "degrees". \ No newline at end of file +The source of "the shadow" can be stated clearly. AT: "Do you want Yahweh to make the shadow caused by the sunlight on the stairway to go forward ten steps or to go back ten steps?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +# ten steps + +This expression refers to the "stairway of Ahaz" in [2 Kings 20:11](./10.md). This was probably a special stairway built for King Ahaz in such a way that its steps marked the hours of daylight as the sun's rays advanced along them. In this way, the staircase served to tell the time during the day. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/10.md b/2ki/20/10.md index 90711ad125..b5b609e75b 100644 --- a/2ki/20/10.md +++ b/2ki/20/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## it is an easy thing for the shadow to go forward ten steps ## +# It is an easy thing for the shadow to go forward ten steps -"It is easy to cause the shadow to move forward ten steps, because that is the normal (or natural) thing for it to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +Why "it is an easy thing" can be stated clearly. "It is easy to cause the shadow to move forward ten steps, because that is the normal thing for it to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the stairway of Ahaz ## +# the stairway of Ahaz -AT: "the steps that had been built for King Ahaz" \ No newline at end of file +This was probably a special stairway built for King Ahaz in such a way that its steps marked the hours of daylight as the sun's rays advanced along them. In this way, the staircase served to tell the time during the day. AT: "the steps that had been built for King Ahaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/12.md b/2ki/20/12.md index 58afea5053..813583cb6c 100644 --- a/2ki/20/12.md +++ b/2ki/20/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Berodach Baladan, Baladan ## +# Marduk-Baladan ... Baladan -These are the names of the king of Babylon and his son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of the king of Babylon and his son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## listened to those letters ## +# listened to those letters -AT: "carefully considered those letters" or AT: "heard the message from the king of Babylon" +1) "carefully considered those letters" or 2) "heard the message from the king of Babylon" -## There was nothing in his house, nor in all his kingdom, that Hezekiah did not show them ## +# There was nothing in his house, nor in all his kingdom, that Hezekiah did not show them -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "There was nothing ... did not show them" is an exaggeration used for emphasis. It means Hezekiah showed them all of his most valuable things. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Hezekiah showed him absolutely everything valuable in his house and in all his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/14.md b/2ki/20/14.md index e9e5560d81..182ea65954 100644 --- a/2ki/20/14.md +++ b/2ki/20/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## these men ## +# these men -This refers to the men sent to King Hezekiah with a message and gifts from Berodach Baladan. +This refers to the men sent to King Hezekiah with a message and gifts from Marduk-Baladan. -## They have seen everything in my house. There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown them ## +# They have seen everything in my house. There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown them -Hezekiah repeats the same idea in two ways to emphasize his point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Hezekiah repeats the same idea in two ways to emphasize his point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown them + +"Nothing" and "not" cancel each other out to make the idea positive. This exaggeration is used for emphasis. AT: "I showed them absolutely every one of my valuable things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/16.md b/2ki/20/16.md index 85180f468d..db3f909f86 100644 --- a/2ki/20/16.md +++ b/2ki/20/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## So Isaiah said to Hezekiah ## +# So Isaiah said to Hezekiah -AT: "So, because Isaiah knew Hezekiah had been foolish to show the men all his valuable things, Isaiah said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +Why Isaiah spoke can be stated clearly. AT: "So, because Isaiah knew Hezekiah had been foolish to show the men all his valuable things, Isaiah said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Look, the days are about to come when ## +# the word of Yahweh -AT: "Listen to me, someday there will come a time when"; "Look" is used to draw attention to what Isaiah is about to tell Hezekiah. +"the message of Yahweh" -## the days ## +# Look, the days are about to come when -This refers to an undefined span of time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Listen to me, someday there will come a time when"; "Look" is used to draw attention to what Isaiah is about to tell Hezekiah. + +# the days + +"Days" is synecdoche to refer to an undefined span of time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/19.md b/2ki/20/19.md index c5ae9b41dd..bdefff1941 100644 --- a/2ki/20/19.md +++ b/2ki/20/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## For he thought ## +# For he thought "Because Hezekiah thought" -## Will there not be peace and stability in my days? ## +# Will there not be peace and stability in my days? -"There will be peace and stability in my days." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) Hezekiah asks the question to show that he has nothing to worry about. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Hezekiah asks this question for emphasis knowing the answer already. AT: "I can be sure that there will be peace and stability in my days." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## pool ## +# pool A small area of still water for storage -## conduit ## +# conduit A tunnel for carrying the water -## are they not written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah? ## +# are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? -"yes, they are written in The Book of the Kings of Judah." The writer asks the question to emphasize that they are written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This question is used to remind the reader that these things are recorded. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are written in the book of the history of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/20/intro.md b/2ki/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..99195ac9a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 2 Kings 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter finishes the story of Hezekiah. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Hezekiah's additional time ##### +God hears the distressed call of his faithful believers. Hezekiah was dying but when he prayed, God gave him 15 more years of life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/01.md b/2ki/21/01.md index 4f47363d32..e25a25ab3a 100644 --- a/2ki/21/01.md +++ b/2ki/21/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Hephzibah ## +# Hephzibah The mother of King Manasseh (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:1](../03/01.md) +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## like the disgusting things ## +# like the disgusting things -"including the disgusting things" +Another possible meaning is "including the disgusting things." -## he rebuilt ## +# he rebuilt the high places ... he built altars for Baal, made an Asherah pole -"Manasseh rebuilt" \ No newline at end of file +Manasseh would have commanded his workers to do the building for him. AT: "he had the high places rebuilt ... he had altars built for Baal, had an Asherah pole made" or "he had his workers rebuild the high places ... he had them build altars for Baal, make an Asherah pole" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/04.md b/2ki/21/04.md index 768a7807e2..c3ecca8aae 100644 --- a/2ki/21/04.md +++ b/2ki/21/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -The story of King Mannaseh's reign continues. +# General Information: -## I will put my name ## +The story of King Manasseh's reign continues. -AT: "that is where I will make known who I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# It is in Jerusalem that my name will be forever -## for all the stars of heaven ## +The name is a metonym for the person. AT: "Jerusalem is where I will forever make known who I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "for the people to worship all the stars of heaven" +# He built altars for all the stars of heaven in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh -## He passed his son through the fire ## +It is implied that he built these altars so people could make sacrifices and worship the stars. Also, he would not have built these altars himself, rather he would have commanded his workers to do it. AT: "He had his workers build altars in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh so that the people could worship the stars and offer them sacrifices" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "he burned his son to death as an offering to his gods" +# He put his son into the fire -## consulted ## +You may need to make explicit why he put his son in the fire and what happened after he did so. AT: "He burned his son to death as an offering to his gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# consulted "asked for information from" -## evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# much evil in the sight of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:1](../03/01.md) \ No newline at end of file +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "many things that were evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "many things that Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/07.md b/2ki/21/07.md index 7356c46ae8..5e344f366f 100644 --- a/2ki/21/07.md +++ b/2ki/21/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -The story of King Mannaseh's reign continues. +# General Information: -## that he had made ## +The story of King Manasseh's reign continues. -"that Manasseh had ordered to be made," +# that he had made -## I will put my name forever ## +Manasseh probably did not do the work. His servants would have done the work. AT: "that Manasseh had ordered his servants to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"where I want people to worship me forever." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# that I will put my name forever -## the feet of Israel ## +Here Yahweh putting his "name" on the temple represents him designating it as the place to worship him. AT: "where I want people to worship me forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# the feet of Israel -## destroyed before the people of Israel ## +The feet are a synecdoche for the person. AT: "the people of Israel" or "the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "destroyed, the people who lived in the land before the Israelites arrived." \ No newline at end of file +# even more than the nations that Yahweh had destroyed before the people of Israel + +Here "nations" refers to the people who had lived in the land of Canaan before the Israelites had arrived. AT: "even more than the people whom Yahweh had destroyed as the people of Israel advanced through the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/10.md b/2ki/21/10.md index 0019f1abf1..5b81f26d5b 100644 --- a/2ki/21/10.md +++ b/2ki/21/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the ears of all who hear it will tingle ## +# with his idols, therefore Yahweh, the God of Israel, says this: Look -AT: "those who hear what Yahweh will do, will be shocked." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in first person. AT: "with his idols, therefore I, Yahweh, the God of Israel, say this: Look" or 2) the prophet is introducing what Yahweh says. AT: "with his idols.' Therefore, this is what Yahweh, the God of Israel, says: 'Look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# whoever hears of it, both his ears will tingle + +The physical feeling is a metonym for the emotional feeling that causes it. AT: "those who hear what Yahweh does, will be shocked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/13.md b/2ki/21/13.md index ba3b90917f..356b96c72c 100644 --- a/2ki/21/13.md +++ b/2ki/21/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## stretch over Jerusalem the measuring line used against Samaria ## +# stretch over Jerusalem the measuring line used against Samaria, and the plumb line used against the house of Ahab -AT: "judge Jerusalem using the same measure I used when I judged Samaria" +The words "measuring line" and "plumb line" are metaphors for the standards Yahweh uses to judge people. AT: "judge Jerusalem using the same measure I used when I judged Samaria and the house of Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## plumb line ## +# against Samaria + +Samaria is the capital city and it represents all the people of the kingdom of Israel. AT: "against the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# plumb line a tool made of a heavy weight and a thin rope used to show if a wall is straight -## I will throw off ## +# the house of Ahab -AT: "I will abandon" (UDB) or "I will reject" +Here "house" represents family. AT: "the family of Ahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## hand them over into the hand of their enemies ## +# I will throw off -"let their enemies defeat them and take over their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I will abandon" or "I will reject" + +# give them into the hand of their enemies + +Here the "hand" of the enemies refers to their enemies' control. AT: "let their enemies defeat them and take over their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/16.md b/2ki/21/16.md index 13d7fe451f..101964c7aa 100644 --- a/2ki/21/16.md +++ b/2ki/21/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Moreover ## +# Moreover -AT: "In addition to those evil things" +"Also" or "In addition" -## evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# Manasseh shed much innocent blood -See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:1](../03/01.md) +The words "shed much innocent blood" are a metonym for killing people violently. It might be best to translate this so the reader understands that other people helped Manasseh do this. AT: "Manasseh ordered his soldiers to kill many innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## are they not written ...? ## +# he had filled Jerusalem from one end to another with death -"you can be certain that they are written ...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This hyperbole emphasizes the great number of people Manasseh had killed throughout Jerusalem. The abstract noun "death" can be stated as "dead people." AT: "there were very many dead people throughout Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the garden of Uzza ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -Possible meanings are 1) "the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza" (see UDB) or 2) "Uzza Garden." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Amon ## +# are they not written ... Judah? -man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are written ... Judah." or "you can find them ... Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# slept with his ancestors and + +This is a polite way of saying he "died, as his ancestors had, and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the garden of Uzza + +Possible meanings are 1) "the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza" or 2) "Uzza Garden." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Amon + +This is a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/19.md b/2ki/21/19.md index b2d129e687..5afc113b95 100644 --- a/2ki/21/19.md +++ b/2ki/21/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Amon ... Meshullemeth ... Haruz ... Jotbah ## +# Amon ... Haruz -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# Meshullemeth -See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:1](../03/01.md) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jotbah + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/21.md b/2ki/21/21.md index bed8b2a80f..26f5294265 100644 --- a/2ki/21/21.md +++ b/2ki/21/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## followed in all the way that his father had walked in ## +# followed in all the way that his father had walked in -AT: "lived completely the way his father had lived" +"walked in all the ways that his father walked in." The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. AT: "lived completely the way his father had lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He abandoned ## +# He abandoned Yahweh -"Amon went away from Yahweh" or "He paid no more attention to Yahweh" +"He went away from Yahweh" or "He paid no more attention to Yahweh" -## conspired against him ## +# conspired against him -"made plans to harm him" \ No newline at end of file +"made plans and worked together to harm him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/24.md b/2ki/21/24.md index 8e27bf5bd4..3ef814188f 100644 --- a/2ki/21/24.md +++ b/2ki/21/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## conspired against ## +# the people of the land -AT: "made plans to harm" +This is a generalization. AT: "some of the people in Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## are they not written ...? ## +# conspired against -"you can be certain that they are written ...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"made plans and worked together to harm." See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:23](./21.md). -## the garden of Uzza ## +# are they not written ... Judah? -See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:16](./16.md). \ No newline at end of file +This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are written ... Judah." or "you can find them ... Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the garden of Uzza + +Possible meanings are 1) "the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza" or 2) "Uzza Garden." See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:18](./16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/21/intro.md b/2ki/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..14ddcb9fb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 2 Kings 21 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's judgment ##### +God judges sin. When Manasseh worshiped idols and did many evil things, God said he would cause Judah to be destroyed by its enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Simile ##### + +"I will wipe Jerusalem clean, as a man wipes a dish, wiping it and turning it upside down" means "God would completely destroy Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/01.md b/2ki/22/01.md index 3783eceede..d99626dd76 100644 --- a/2ki/22/01.md +++ b/2ki/22/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## were right in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# thirty-one years -"Yahweh had said were good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"31 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## He walked in all the way of David his ancestor ## +# Jedidah -AT: "He lived the way David his ancestor had lived" or "He followed the example of David his ancestor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## he did not turn away either to the right or the left ## +# Adaiah -AT: "he did not do anything that would displease Yahweh" or "he fully obeyed all the laws of Yahweh" (see UDB). \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bozkath + +This is the name of a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh + +Here "eyes" represents Yahweh's thoughts or what he considered about something. AT: "He did what Yahweh considered to be right" or "He did what was right according to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He walked in all the way of David his ancestor + +"He walked in all the ways of David his ancestor" Josiah behaving as David did is spoken of as if he walked on the same road or way as David. AT: "He lived the way David his ancestor had lived" or "He followed the example of David his ancestor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he did not turn away either to the right or to the left + +To fully obey Yahweh is spoken of as if a person were on the correct road and never turned from it. AT: "he did not do anything that would displease Yahweh" or "he fully obeyed all the laws of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/03.md b/2ki/22/03.md index 9080123c59..38754cb52f 100644 --- a/2ki/22/03.md +++ b/2ki/22/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## It came about that ## +# It came about that If your language has a way to mark the beginning of a new part of the story, consider using it here. -## Shaphan ... Azaliah ... Meshullam ## +# the eighteenth year + +"Eighteenth" is the ordinal form of 18. AT: "the 18th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Shaphan ... Azaliah ... Meshullam ... Hilkiah These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hilkiah ## +# house of Yahweh ... in the temple -See how you translated this in [2 Kings 18:16](../18/16.md) \ No newline at end of file +Here "house of Yahweh" and "temple" mean the same thing. + +# Go up to Hilkiah + +The phrase "Go up" is used because Yahweh's temple was higher in elevation than where King Josiah was located. AT: "Go to Hilkiah" + +# that has been brought into the house of Yahweh, which the temple guards have gathered from the people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the temple guards who gathered the money from the people brought into the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let it be given into the hand of the workmen + +Here "hand" represents the workmen as a whole. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Tell Hilkiah to give the money to the workmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/06.md b/2ki/22/06.md index 9c8f9e8cce..812527d7c6 100644 --- a/2ki/22/06.md +++ b/2ki/22/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + The message from King Josiah to Hilkiah, the high priest, continues. -## carpenters ## +# Let them give money ... was given to them ... because they handled + +Here "them" and "they" refer to the workmen who are in charge of the house of Yahweh in [2 Kings 22:5](./03.md). + +# the carpenters, the builders, and the masons + +These are the same as the workmen who are in the house of Yahweh in [2 Kings 22:5](./03.md). Here the workers are described in more detail. + +# carpenters workers who build with wood -## masons ## +# masons workers who build with stone -## no accounting was required for the money that was given to them ## +# no accounting was required for the money that was given to them -"the workers did not have to report how they used the money that the temple guards gave to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the workmen who were in charge did not have to report how they used the money that the temple guards gave them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## because they handled it faithfully ## +# because they handled it faithfully -AT: "because they used the money honestly" \ No newline at end of file +"because they used the money honestly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/08.md b/2ki/22/08.md index b04129d930..4cef947579 100644 --- a/2ki/22/08.md +++ b/2ki/22/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Hilkiah ## +# Hilkiah -See how you translated this in [2 Kings 18:16](../18/16.md) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 18:18](../18/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the book of the law + +Most likely these laws were written on a scroll. A scroll was a type of book made of one long, rolled-up sheet of papyrus or leather. + +# given it into the hand of the workmen + +Here "hand" represents the workmen as a whole. AT: "given it to the workmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/11.md b/2ki/22/11.md index 8484eb3f9d..ae1bccf661 100644 --- a/2ki/22/11.md +++ b/2ki/22/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## It came about that ## +# It came about that If your language has a way to mark the beginning of a new part of the story, consider using it here. -## Ahikam ... Achbor ... Micaiah ... Asaiah ## +# had heard the words of the law -men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here "words" represents the message of the law. AT: "had heard the laws that were written in the book" or "had heard the laws that were written in the scroll" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## consult with Yahweh ## +# he tore his clothes -"ask Yahweh what we should do about this" +This is a symbolic action that indicates intense grief or sadness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## that has been found ## +# Ahikam ... Shaphan ... Akbor ... Micaiah ... Asaiah -"that Hilkiah has found" +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## For it is great, the anger of Yahweh that has been kindled against us ## +# Go and consult with Yahweh -AT: "For Yahweh's anger that burns against us is great" \ No newline at end of file +It is made clear in 22:14 that the king means for the men to go to the prophetess of Yahweh to determine Yahweh's will. + +# consult + +to go to someone to ask for advice + +# the words of this book that has been found + +Here "words" represents the laws. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the laws in this book that Hilkiah has found" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For great is the anger of Yahweh that has been kindled against us + +Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that was lit. AT: "For Yahweh is very angry with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all that was written concerning us + +This refers to the law that was given to Israel. This can be stated in active form. AT: "all that Moses wrote in the law that we should do" or "all the laws that God gave through Moses to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/14.md b/2ki/22/14.md index 69577cb76f..85b4863f26 100644 --- a/2ki/22/14.md +++ b/2ki/22/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Huldah ## +# Huldah -a woman's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shallum ... Tikvah ... Harhas ## +# Shallum ... Tikvah ... Harhas -men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the man who sent you to me ## +# keeper of the wardrobe -King Josiah, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or 2) the person who took care of the king's clothing. + +# she lived in Jerusalem in the second quarter + +Here "second quarter" refers to the new part of the city that was built on the north side of Jerusalem. Also, "second" is the ordinal form of 2. AT: "she lived in Jerusalem in the new part of the city" or "she lived in the new part of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the man who sent you to me + +Here "the man" refers to King Josiah. + +# I will bring disaster to this place and to its inhabitants + +Yahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that he could bring to a place. AT: "I will cause terrible things to happen to this place and to those who live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to this place + +"to Jerusalem." This refers to the city of Jerusalem which represents the whole land of Judah. AT: "to Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/17.md b/2ki/22/17.md index 127771bb6b..7565e473f4 100644 --- a/2ki/22/17.md +++ b/2ki/22/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + The message Yahweh sent to King Josiah through Huldah, the prophetess, continues. -## my anger will be kindled against this place and it will not be extinguished ## +# my anger has been kindled against this place, and it will not be extinguished -AT: "my anger against this place is like a fire that cannot be put out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that was lit. AT: "my anger against this place is like a fire that cannot be put out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that they would become a desolation ## +# this place -"that it would become a bare wilderness" \ No newline at end of file +Here "place" represents the people who live in Jerusalem and Judah. AT: "these people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# About the words that you heard + +Here "words" represents the message that Huldah just spoke. AT: "About the message that you heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because your heart was tender + +Here "heart" represents a person's inner being. Feeling sorry is spoken of as if the heart were tender. AT: "because you felt sorry" or "because you repented" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that they would become a desolation and a curse + +The abstract nouns "desolation" and "curse" can be stated as an adjective and a verb. AT: "that I would make the land desolate and would curse them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# torn your clothes + +This is a symbolic action that indicates intense grief or sadness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 19:33](../19/32.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/20.md b/2ki/22/20.md index f547b7aef5..e9c1e50824 100644 --- a/2ki/22/20.md +++ b/2ki/22/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + This is the end of the message from Yahweh to King Josiah through the prophetess Huldah. -## See, I will gather you to your ancestors ## +# See, I will gather you to your ancestors, and you will be gathered to your grave in peace -AT: "Listen, you will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Both statements mean basically the same thing. They are polite ways of saying he will die. AT: "So I will allow you to die and be buried peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## and your eyes not see all the disaster ## +# Your eyes will not see -AT: "and you will not experience any of the disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "will not see" represents not experiencing something. AT: "You will not experience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Your eyes + +Here "eyes" represents the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the disaster that I will bring upon this place + +Yahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that Yahweh would bring to a place. AT: "the terrible things I will cause to happen in this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/22/intro.md b/2ki/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..197587da65 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The next two chapters (2 Kings 22-23) tell about the spiritual revival under King Josiah. A revival occurs when the people begin to worship Yahweh properly again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The law ##### +The priests found a copy of the law in the temple and took it to the king. He was upset because the people had disobeyed the law so badly. Josiah asked God about it. God said that he would destroy Judah for these sins but not in Josiah's lifetime, since he humbled himself and wanted to do better. Many scholars believe this was a copy of the book of Deuteronomy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/01.md b/2ki/23/01.md index b1c39d8e57..27dd7b460d 100644 --- a/2ki/23/01.md +++ b/2ki/23/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem ## +# all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem -AT: "many other people" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is a generalization. AT: "many other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## from small to great ## +# from small to great -"from the least important to the most important" +This merism includes everyone in between. AT: "from the least important to the most important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## He then read in their hearing ## +# He then read in their hearing -AT: "The king then read aloud so that they could hear" \ No newline at end of file +"Then the king read aloud so that they could hear" + +# that had been found + +In [2 Kings 22:8](../22/08.md) it states that Hilkiah found the book. This can be translated in active form. AT: "that Hilkiah had found" or "that they had found" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/03.md b/2ki/23/03.md index 97495cc17a..94b3c797a7 100644 --- a/2ki/23/03.md +++ b/2ki/23/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## to keep his commandments, the code of laws, and the ritual laws ## +# walk after Yahweh -"completely do everything Yahweh had told his people to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path, and "to walk after" someone is a metonym for doing what that other person does or wants others to do. AT: "live obeying Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## all his heart and all his soul ## +# his commandments, his regulations, and his statutes -AT: "his inner being" (UDB; See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These words all share similar meanings. Together they emphasize everything that Yahweh had commanded in the law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# with all his heart and all his soul + +The idiom "with all his heart" means "completely" and "with all his soul" means "with all his being." These two phrases have similar meanings. AT: "with all his being" or "with all his energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# that were written in this book + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that this book contained" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# stand by the covenant + +This idiom means to "obey the terms of the covenant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/04.md b/2ki/23/04.md index 060ecb166a..d5b22e80b9 100644 --- a/2ki/23/04.md +++ b/2ki/23/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## gatekeepers ## +# the priests under him + +"the other priests who served him" + +# gatekeepers men who guarded the gates to the temple -## Kidron Valley ... Bethel ## +# for Baal ... for all the stars -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"so people could use them to worship Baal ... so people could use them to worship all the stars" + +# He burned ... and carried ... He got rid + +The word "he" refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. AT: "he had them burn them ... and carry them ... He had them get rid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Kidron Valley ... Bethel + +names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to Baal, to the sun and the moon, to the planets, and to all the stars + +"as a way to worship Baal, the sun and the moon, the planets, and all the stars" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/06.md b/2ki/23/06.md index 2428268863..a0ba98c4e0 100644 --- a/2ki/23/06.md +++ b/2ki/23/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + This continues to tell what King Josiah did in response to the message from Yahweh. -## wove garments ## +# He brought out ... and burned it ... He beat it ... and threw ... He cleared + +The word "he" refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. AT: "He had them bring out ... and burn it ... He had them beat it ... and throw ... He had them clear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wove garments "made clothes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/08.md b/2ki/23/08.md index cf42aaf399..5378b72783 100644 --- a/2ki/23/08.md +++ b/2ki/23/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Geba ... Beersheba ## +# Josiah brought ... and defiled ... He destroyed + +Josiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. AT: "He commanded them to bring ... and to defile ... He had them destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Geba ... Beersheba names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## city governor named Joshua ## +# Joshua (the city governor) -"city ruler named Joshua" or "city leader named Joshua." This is a different Joshua from the Joshua in the Old Testament Book of Joshua. +"the city ruler named Joshua" or "the city leader named Joshua." This is a different Joshua from the Joshua in the Old Testament Book of Joshua. -## brother priests ## +# their brothers -"fellow priests" or AT: "the priests who also served at the temple" \ No newline at end of file +Here "brothers" refers to their fellow priests who served at the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/10.md b/2ki/23/10.md index c4cbc167a2..072d0de96f 100644 --- a/2ki/23/10.md +++ b/2ki/23/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Topheth ... Ben Hinnom ## +# Topheth ... Ben Hinnom place names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## pass his son or his daughter through the fire to Molech ## +# put his son or his daughter into the fire as a sacrifice to Molech "put his son or his daughter in the fire and burn them as an offering to Molech" -## He took away ## +# He took away -"King Josiah had his officials take away" +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and "the priests under him" ([2 Kings 23:4](./04.md)), might have helped Josiah do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the horses ## +# the horses Possible meanings are 1) real horses or 2) statues of horses. -## Nathan Melech ## +# had given to the sun + +Here "given" represents being dedicated for worship. AT: "had used to worship the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Nathan-Melek a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/12.md b/2ki/23/12.md index 421fb09327..4c07917dd1 100644 --- a/2ki/23/12.md +++ b/2ki/23/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Kidron Valley, Mount of Corruption ## +# Josiah the king destroyed ... Josiah smashed ... The king ruined ... He broke ... he filled -place names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Josiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. AT: "Josiah the king commanded them to destroy ... They smashed ... He had them ruin ... He had them break ... they filled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## filled in their places with human bones ## +# Kidron Valley -AT: "covered the ground with human bones so people could not use it as a shrine anymore" \ No newline at end of file +place name. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 23:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# filled those places with the bones of human beings + +"covered the ground with human bones so people could not use it as a shrine anymore" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/15.md b/2ki/23/15.md index 0f57a15c41..0419a2b927 100644 --- a/2ki/23/15.md +++ b/2ki/23/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## spoke of these thing beforehand ## +# Josiah also completely destroyed ... He also burned ... and beat ... He also burned -AT: "had said that these things would happen" \ No newline at end of file +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and "the priests under him" ([2 Kings 23:4](./04.md)), might have helped Josiah do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# spoke of these things beforehand + +"had said that these things would happen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/17.md b/2ki/23/17.md index c2870afcc2..538f471a0d 100644 --- a/2ki/23/17.md +++ b/2ki/23/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## monument ## +# monument -marker or statue that honors a person. A tomb (UDB) is one kind of monument. +marker or statue that honors a person. A tomb is one kind of monument. -## So they let his bones alone, along with the bones of ## +# So they let his bones alone, along with the bones of "So they did not touch his bones or the bones of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/19.md b/2ki/23/19.md index 19be883339..4c2f226109 100644 --- a/2ki/23/19.md +++ b/2ki/23/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## took them away ## +# Josiah removed ... He did ... He slaughtered ... he burned -"ordered his workers to tear them down" or "ordered his workers to destroy them" +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and "the priests under him" ([2 Kings 23:4](./04.md)), might have helped Josiah do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## what had been done ## +# what had been done "what he had done" -## and burned human bones on them ## +# he burned human bones on them -"and burned human bones on them so no one would use them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +You may need to make explicit why he burned the bones. "he burned human bones on them so no one would use them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/21.md b/2ki/23/21.md index 6c509a346e..3e4c725078 100644 --- a/2ki/23/21.md +++ b/2ki/23/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Keep the Passover ## +# Keep the Passover "You must celebrate the Passover" -## ruled Israel ## +# Such a Passover celebration had never been held from the days of -"ruled over all of the descendants of Israel" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The descendants of Israel had not celebrated the Passover festival in such a great way in the time of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the days of the kings of Israel or Judah ## +# ruled Israel -"the time when Israel and Judah each had their own kings" +The name "Israel" is a metonym for "the descendants of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Such a Passover celebration had never been held from the days of ## +# the days of the kings of Israel or Judah -"The descendants of Israel had not held this kind of Passover festival since the time of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the time when the people of Israel had their own king and the people of Judah had their own king" + +# this Passover of Yahweh was celebrated + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the people of Judah celebrated this Passover of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/24.md b/2ki/23/24.md index 61cf6be443..870fce54f7 100644 --- a/2ki/23/24.md +++ b/2ki/23/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## banished ... spirits ## +# banished ... spirits -"forced those ... spirits to leave" +"forced those ... spirits to leave" or "made a law that those ... spirits had to leave" -## those who talked with the dead or with spirits ## +# those who talked with the dead or with spirits -See how you translated "those who talked with the dead and ... those who talked with spirits" in [2 Kings 21:4](../21/04.md) +See how you translated "those who talked with the dead and ... those who talked with spirits," in [2 Kings 21:6](../21/04.md). -## fetishes ## +# fetishes things that people wrongly believe have special power -## who turned to Yahweh ## +# who turned to Yahweh "who gave himself completely to Yahweh" -## And after him there was no king that arose like him ## +# Nor did any king like Josiah arise after him "And since then there has never been a king who was like Josiah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/26.md b/2ki/23/26.md index 80b63c7b12..e67c0eb361 100644 --- a/2ki/23/26.md +++ b/2ki/23/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Yahweh did not turn from the fierceness of his great wrath, which had been kindled against ## +# However -"Yahweh did not stop being very angry extreme with" +The writer uses this word to show that even though all of these things that Josiah did were good, Yahweh was still angry with Judah. -## had provoked him ## +# Yahweh did not turn from the fierceness of his great wrath, which had been kindled against + +Fire is a metaphor for anger, and starting a fire is a metaphor for becoming angry. The abstract nouns "fierceness" and "wrath" can be translated as adjectives. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh did not turn from the fierceness of his great wrath, which he had kindled against" or "Yahweh did not stop being fierce because he was angry with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# had provoked him "had caused him to be angry" -## out of my sight ## +# out of my sight "from where I am" or "from being near me" -## My name will be there ## +# My name will be there -"People should worship me there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The name is a metonym for the honor that people should give to the person. AT: "People should worship me there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/28.md b/2ki/23/28.md index 820d1e30dd..dc711074b4 100644 --- a/2ki/23/28.md +++ b/2ki/23/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## are they not written ...? ## +# are they not written ... Judah? -AT: "you can be certain that they are written ...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "you can find them ... Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## In his days, Pharaoh Neco, king of Egypt, ## +# In his days, Pharaoh Necho, king of Egypt -During the time he was king of Egypt, Pharaoh Neco" +"During the time of Josiah, Pharaoh Necho, king of Egypt" -## Neco, Megiddo ## +# Necho ... Megiddo -Neco is the name of a man. Megiddo is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Necho is the name of a man. Megiddo is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/31.md b/2ki/23/31.md index ba27ee086e..f41f76f370 100644 --- a/2ki/23/31.md +++ b/2ki/23/31.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Hamutal ## +# twenty-three years old -woman's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"23 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Libnah ... Riblah ... Hamath ## +# Hamutal -place names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# Libnah ... Riblah ... Hamath -See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:1](../03/01.md) +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## put him in chains ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -"put him in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## fined Judah ## +# put him in chains -"forced the people of Judah to give him" (UDB) +Being put "in chains" represents being captured and imprisoned. AT: "put him in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## talent ## +# fined Judah -See [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]. \ No newline at end of file +"forced the people of Judah to give him" + +# one hundred talents ... one talent + +A talent was about 33 kilograms. AT: "3,300 kilograms ... 33 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/34.md b/2ki/23/34.md index 01df2253a6..2afd6cc0f5 100644 --- a/2ki/23/34.md +++ b/2ki/23/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## He taxed the land ## +# Jehoikim taxed the land -"He collected taxes from the people who owned land" +"Jehoikim collected taxes from the people who owned land" -## people of the land ## +# people of the land -"people of the land of Judah" \ No newline at end of file +"people of the land of Judah." Possible meanings are 1) "the people who lived in the land of Judah" or 2) "the richest and most powerful of those who lived in Judah." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/36.md b/2ki/23/36.md index 46f5841ee6..6b53c70c7d 100644 --- a/2ki/23/36.md +++ b/2ki/23/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Zebidah ## +# Zebidah woman's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Pedaiah ## +# Pedaiah -man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Rumah ## +# Rumah -place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:1](../03/01.md) \ No newline at end of file +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/23/intro.md b/2ki/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..328b1e8608 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Josiah ends in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ending idolatry ##### +Josiah destroyed idolatry in Judah and in the deserted areas of Israel. But he fought against Egypt and was killed in battle. After his death, Egypt set up a government of Judah that it controlled. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/01.md b/2ki/24/01.md index e39d3fe8de..8d1f2926c0 100644 --- a/2ki/24/01.md +++ b/2ki/24/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## In Jehoiakim's days ## +# In Jehoiakim's days -AT: "During the time that Jehoiakim ruled Judah" +"During the time that Jehoiakim ruled Judah" -## attacked Judah ## +# attacked Judah -AT: "attacked and defeated Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +You may need to make explicit what happened after Nebuchadnezzar attacked Judah. AT: "attacked and defeated Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## This was in conformity with the word of Yahweh ## +# This was in conformity with the word of Yahweh that had been spoken through his servants the prophets -​AT: "This was according to the word of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "This was according to the word of Yahweh that his servants the prophets had spoken" or "This was exactly what Yahweh had told his servants the prophets to say would happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/03.md b/2ki/24/03.md index 80e15ce58b..537982098c 100644 --- a/2ki/24/03.md +++ b/2ki/24/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## remove them out of his sight ## +# It was certainly at the mouth of Yahweh -AT: "get rid of them" or "destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Some versions have, "It was certainly because of the wrath of Yahweh," which is just as good a reading of the original text. If translators have access to versions in major languages in their region, they should probably follow their choice. -## innocent blood that he shed ## +# at the mouth of Yahweh -"innocent people who were killed" +Here "mouth" represents Yahweh's command. AT: "as Yahweh had commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood ## +# remove them out of his sight -AT: "he many innocent people were killed in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"get rid of them" or "destroy them" + +# innocent blood that he shed + +Blood is a metonym for innocent life, and shedding blood is a metonym for killing innocent people. AT: "innocent people whom he killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood + +Blood is a metonym for innocent life, and shedding blood is a metonym for killing innocent people. AT: "he killed many innocent people in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/05.md b/2ki/24/05.md index 81c78b12a5..abdea0ed97 100644 --- a/2ki/24/05.md +++ b/2ki/24/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -This question is to emphasize the fact. AT: "they are written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# are they not written ... Judah? -## slept with his ancestors ## +This is written as a rhetorical question because at the time this was written people were already aware of this information. This can be written as a statement. It can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/22.md). AT: "they are indeed written ... Judah." or "you can find them ... Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "died and was buried along with his ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# slept with his ancestors + +Sleeping is a euphemism for dying. AT: "died and was buried along with his ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/07.md b/2ki/24/07.md index 385a7f5fe6..f14327c35f 100644 --- a/2ki/24/07.md +++ b/2ki/24/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## The king of Egypt did not attack any more out of his land ## +# The king of Egypt did not attack any more out of his land -AT: "The king of Egypt did not come out of his land any more to attack." \ No newline at end of file +"The king of Egypt did not come out of his land any more to attack other people groups" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/08.md b/2ki/24/08.md index a6361cd9e1..c886476e6b 100644 --- a/2ki/24/08.md +++ b/2ki/24/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Nehushta, Elnathan ## +# Nehushta ... Elnathan -Nehushta is the name of a woman. Elnathan is the name of a man.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Nehushta is the name of a woman. Elnathan is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## He did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -"Jehoiachin did what Yahweh said was evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he did all that his father had done ## +# he did all that his father had done -"just as his father had done" \ No newline at end of file +Here "all" is a generalization. It means he did the same sinful things as his father. AT: "he committed the same kinds of sins his father had committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/10.md b/2ki/24/10.md index c2be8cc9f3..26e778b2e6 100644 --- a/2ki/24/10.md +++ b/2ki/24/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Jehoiachin, the king of Judah, went out to the king of Babylon, he, his mother, his servants, his princes, and his officers ## +# Jehoiachin the king of Judah went out to the king of Babylon, he, his mother, his servants, his princes, and his officers -"Jehoiachin, his mother, his servants, his princes, and his officers all went out to where the king of Babylon was, to surrender to him" +You may need to make explicit why Jehoiachin went out to meet Nebuchadnezzar. AT: "Jehoiachin the king of Judah, with his mother, his servants, his princes, and his officers, went out to where the king of Babylon was, to surrender to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The king of Babylon captured him in the eighth year of his own reign ## +# The king of Babylon captured him in the eighth year of his own reign -"The king of Babylon had been king for eight years when he captured Jehoiachin" \ No newline at end of file +"After the king of Babylon had been king for more than seven years, he captured Jehoiachin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/13.md b/2ki/24/13.md index e787f5937a..411a4fbe60 100644 --- a/2ki/24/13.md +++ b/2ki/24/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## He took into exile all Jerusalem ## +# Solomon king of Israel had made -"Nebuchadnezzar took all the important people away from Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +You might want to translate this so the reader understands that Solomon might have had others help him do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the craftsmen and the smiths ## +# He took into exile all Jerusalem -"the men who knew how to make and repair things that are made from metal" \ No newline at end of file +Here "Jerusalem" is a metonym for the people who lived there. And, "all" is a generalization. It means all the most important people AT: "Nebuchadnezzar took all the important people away from Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the craftsmen and the smiths + +"the men who knew how to make and repair things that are made from metal" + +# No one was left except the poorest people in the land + +This can be translated as a positive statement. AT: "Only the poorest people in the land still lived there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/15.md b/2ki/24/15.md index bc4c805dfa..e473f88f93 100644 --- a/2ki/24/15.md +++ b/2ki/24/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## seven thousand, one thousand ## +# seven thousand ... one thousand -(See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"7,000 ... 1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Mattaniah, Zedekiah ## +# Mattaniah -These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/18.md b/2ki/24/18.md index 8168eff137..2afa8ef446 100644 --- a/2ki/24/18.md +++ b/2ki/24/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## twenty-one, eleven ## +# twenty-one ... eleven -one, eleven** - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"21 ... 11" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Hamutal ## +# Hamutal -This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jeremiah ## +# Jeremiah This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Libnah ## +# Libnah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## evil in the sight of Yahweh ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -"evil to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/24/intro.md b/2ki/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d8b943f6b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 2 Kings 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +These last two chapters are the final defeat of Judah and the beginning of their exile to Babylon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### God's punishment ##### +God punished Judah because of their sin. The Babylonians conquer Jerusalem and carry away all the craftsmen, soldiers and wealthy. They make Zedekiah the king. He was not truly a king because he lacked absolute authority. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/01.md b/2ki/25/01.md index eaed62500e..95c2294704 100644 --- a/2ki/25/01.md +++ b/2ki/25/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## In the ninth year of the reign of King Zedekiah, in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month ## +# in the ninth year -AT: "On the tenth day of the tenth month of the ninth year of the reign of king Zedekiah, it happened that" +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## came with all his army against Jerusalem ## +# in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month -AT: "came with his whole army to fight against the people of Jerusalem." or "came with his whole army to conquer Jerusalem." +This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of December on Western calendars. This is during the cold season when there may be rain and snow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) -## the people of the land ## +# came with all his army against Jerusalem + +The name "Jerusalem" is a metonym for the people who lived in it. AT: "came with his whole army to fight against the people of Jerusalem" or "came with his whole army to conquer Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the ninth day of the fourth month + +This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The ninth day is near the end of June on Western calendars. This is during the dry season when there is very little or no rain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# the people of the land These are the inhabitants of Jerusalem, including refugees from the surrounding villages that fled to Jerusalem when the war started. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/04.md b/2ki/25/04.md index 6369fcb456..30f81652f0 100644 --- a/2ki/25/04.md +++ b/2ki/25/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Then the city was broken into ## +# Then the city was broken into -AT: "Then the Babylonian army broke into the city," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Then the Babylonian army broke into the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## all the fighting men ## +# all the fighting men -AT: "all the warriors" +"all the warriors" -## by the way of the gate ## +# by the way of the gate -AT: "by using the gate" +"by using the gate" -## the Chaledeans ## +# the Chaldeans -Some translations use "Chaldeans" and others use "Babylonians". Both terms mean the same group. +Some translations use "Chaldeans" and others use "Babylonians." Both terms refer to the same people group. -## The king went in the direction of ## +# The king went in the direction of -AT: "King Zedekiah also fled and he went toward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"King Zedekiah also fled and he went toward" -## All his army was scattered away from him ## +# All his army was scattered away from him -AT: "His whole army ran away from him." or "The Chaldeans chased away his whole army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "His whole army ran away from him" or "The Chaldeans chased away his whole army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/06.md b/2ki/25/06.md index a65ddb79c3..6a64e355b6 100644 --- a/2ki/25/06.md +++ b/2ki/25/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Riblah ## +# Riblah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## they passed sentence on him ## +# passed sentence on him -AT: "pronounced his judgment." or "pronounced his sentence." +"decided what they would do to punish him" -## they slaughtered them before his eyes ## +# they slaughtered them before his eyes -AT: "they killed them before him." or "they killed them while king Zedekiah was forced to watch." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The eyes are synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "they forced king Zedekiah to watch them kill his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## they made him blind ## +# he put out his eyes -The word "he" refers to king Nebuchadnezzar, but he probably did not do it himself. AT: "Then the Babylonian soldiers cut out Zedekiah's eyes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Nebuchadnezzar put out Zedekiah's eyes." It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people might have helped Nebuchadnezzar do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/08.md b/2ki/25/08.md index 768fdf9eae..4cee0295a3 100644 --- a/2ki/25/08.md +++ b/2ki/25/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month, which was the nineteenth year ## +# in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month -AT: "on the seventh day of the fifth month of the nineteenth year" +This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. The seventh day is near the end of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) -## Nebuzaradan ## +# the nineteenth year + +This is the ordinal form of the number 19. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Nebuzaradan This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the royal guard ## +# As for all the walls around Jerusalem, all -"his personal protectors," or "his security guards," +"This is what happened to all the walls around Jerusalem: all" -## who were under ## +# who were under -AT: "that were following the orders of" - -## As for all the walls ## - -AT: "Concerning the whole wall" \ No newline at end of file +"who were following the orders of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/11.md b/2ki/25/11.md index 062c238bd8..596c13b7ae 100644 --- a/2ki/25/11.md +++ b/2ki/25/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## deserted ## +# As for the rest of the people ... city, those -"surrendered" (UDB) AT: "given themselves over" +"This is what happened to the rest of the people ... city: those" -## the rest of the people ## +# the rest of the people who were left in the city -"those remaining remaining in the city but had no home" \ No newline at end of file +"the people who remained in the city" + +# deserted to the king + +"left the city and gone to be with the king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/13.md b/2ki/25/13.md index be1578de28..feff74e41c 100644 --- a/2ki/25/13.md +++ b/2ki/25/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## the stands ## +# As for the bronze pillars ... Yahweh, the Chaldeans -"the stands made of bronze that could be moved about" +"This is what happened to the bronze pillars ... Yahweh: the Chaldeans" -## broke them into pieces ## +# the stands -AT: "cut them into pieces" or "chopped them up into small pieces" +This refers to the large, moveable bronze stands with bronze wheels and axles. "the moveable bronze stands" or "the bronze stands with wheels" -## shovels ## +# the bronze sea -This was a tool that was used to clean the altar, typically used to move big piles of dirt, sand, or ashes. +"the large bronze basin" -## tools for tending the lamps ## +# broke them into pieces -"snuffers" This was a tool that was used to make the lamps in the temple work well. +"cut them into pieces" or "chopped them up into small pieces" -## use by those who served in the temple ## +# shovels -AT: "which the priests had used in the temple service" +A shovel was a tool that was used to clean the altar, typically used to move big piles of dirt, sand, or ashes. -## fire pans ## +# with which the priests had served in the temple -AT: "The pots were used for removing ashes from the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"which the priests had used in the temple service" + +# The pots for removing ashes + +You may need to make explicit which ashes are spoken of. AT: "The pots that were used for removing ashes from the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/16.md b/2ki/25/16.md index b3330f6ca5..de0c721a59 100644 --- a/2ki/25/16.md +++ b/2ki/25/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## the sea ## +# the sea -AT: "the large bronze basin," See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:13](./13.md). +"the large bronze basin." See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:13](./13.md). -## cubit ## +# the stands -A unit of distance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:13](./13.md). -## a capital of bronze ## +# eighteen cubits ... three cubits -AT: "an artistic, bronze design" or "a bronze piece with designs" +A cubit was 46 centimeters. AT: "about 8.3 meters ... about 1.4 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## latticework ## +# a capital of bronze -This was a design made of crossed strips which looked like a net. +"an artistic, bronze design" or "a bronze piece with designs" -## all made of bronze ## +# latticework -AT: "completely made of bronze." \ No newline at end of file +This was a design made of crossed strips that looked like a net. + +# all made of bronze + +"completely made of bronze" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/18.md b/2ki/25/18.md index 7a52170590..7e8455cb1d 100644 --- a/2ki/25/18.md +++ b/2ki/25/18.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## The commander of the bodyguard ## +# The commander of the bodyguard See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:8](./08.md). -## took prisoner ## - -AT: "arrested" - -## Seraiah ## +# Seraiah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the second priest ## +# the second priest -AT: "his replacement," or "the second most important priest," or "the vice high priest," +These words refer to Zephaniah. Another possible meaning is "the priest under Seraiah." -## gatekeepers ## +# gatekeepers -See how you translated this word in [2 Kings 7:9](../07/09.md). +See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:10](../07/09.md). -## an officer who was in charge of soldiers ## +# took prisoner + +"captured and kept from escaping" + +# an officer who was in charge of soldiers Other translations may read "a eunuch who was in charge of soldiers." A eunuch is a man whose private parts have been removed. -## responsible for drafting men into the army ## +# officer responsible for drafting men into the army -AT: "who was in charge of finding men to be soldiers," or "who was the army's recruiter," \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the officer forced men to become soldiers or 2) the officer wrote down the names of the men who became soldiers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/20.md b/2ki/25/20.md index dd7fc8ed45..0f83acf4dd 100644 --- a/2ki/25/20.md +++ b/2ki/25/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Nebuzaradan ## +# Nebuzaradan -See how you translated this name in [2 Kings 25:8](./08.md). +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:8](./08.md). -## Riblah ## +# Riblah -See how you translated this name in [2 Kings 25:6](./06.md). +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:6](./06.md). -## put them to death ## +# put them to death -AT: "had them killed" or "killed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is a polite way of saying "killed them." It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people might have helped the king do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## In this way, Judah went out of its land into exile ## +# In this way, Judah went out of its land into exile -AT: "So Judah was taken into exile out of its land" +"So Judah was taken into exile out of its land" -## Judah went out of its land ## +# Judah went out of its land -AT: "the people of Judah went out of their land" or "all important people of Judah went out of their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Judah, the name of the people group, is a metonym for the people themselves. AT: "the people of Judah went out of their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/22.md b/2ki/25/22.md index 4a90dc5455..6a648a16dc 100644 --- a/2ki/25/22.md +++ b/2ki/25/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Nebuzaradan, Gedaliah, Ahikam, Shaphan, Ishmael, Nethaniah, Johanan, Kareah, Seraiah, Tanhumeth, Jaazaniah ## +# Gedaliah ... Ahikam ... Shaphan ... Ishmael ... Nethaniah ... Johanan ... Kareah ... Seraiah ... Tanhumeth ... Jaazaniah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Netophathite ## +# Netophathite -This means that Tanhumeth is from the family or clan of Netophah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This refers to a person who is a descendant of a man named Netophah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Maacathite ## +# Maakathite -This means that Jaazaniah's father was from a place called Maacah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to a person who comes from a place called Maakah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/25.md b/2ki/25/25.md index bace146264..73ae7a3767 100644 --- a/2ki/25/25.md +++ b/2ki/25/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Elishama ## +# the seventh month + +This is the seventh month on the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Elishama This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## all the people ## +# all the people -AT: "many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is a generalization. AT: "many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## from the least to the greatest ## +# from the least to the greatest -AT: "from the least important to the most important" or "everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a merism that means "everyone," which is a generalization. AT: "from the least important to the most important" or "everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/27.md b/2ki/25/27.md index 05736e07af..760a8a5f8c 100644 --- a/2ki/25/27.md +++ b/2ki/25/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## It happened later in the thirty-seventh year ... on the twenty-seventh day of the month ## +# in the thirty-seventh year -seventh year ... on the twenty-seventh day of the month** - AT: "Later, on the twenty-seventh day of the twelfth month of the thirty-seventh year of the exile of Jehoiachin, king of Judah" +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Evil Merodach ## +# in the twelfth month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month -This is the name of a man, not a description of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the twelfth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-seventh day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Awel-Marduk + +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/28.md b/2ki/25/28.md index 6ecb367575..e7db679711 100644 --- a/2ki/25/28.md +++ b/2ki/25/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## a seat more honorable than that of the other kings ## +# a seat more honorable than that of the other kings -AT: "more honor than the other kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Giving a good place at the dining table is a metonym for honoring him. AT: "more honor than the other kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## removed Jehoiachin's prison clothes ## +# removed Jehoiachin's prison clothes -AT: "replaced Jehoiachin's prison clothes with new clothes" or "gave Jehoiachin new clothes" +The act of removing Jehoiachins' prison clothes represents making him a free man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## at the king's table ## +# at the king's table -AT: "with the king and his officials" +"with the king and his officials" -## food allowance ## +# A regular food allowance was given to him -AT: "money to buy food" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The king made sure that he had a regular food allowance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# A regular food allowance + +"Money to buy food" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/25/intro.md b/2ki/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f8187e41d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Kings 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is the final defeat of Judah and the beginning of their exile to Babylon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Zedekiah's revolt ##### +Zedekiah revolted against the Babylonians, so they came and completely destroyed Jerusalem. They tore down the city walls and took the rest of the people to Babylon as slaves, except the very poorest people remained. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Kings 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/front/intro.md b/2ki/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..70ba19e44b --- /dev/null +++ b/2ki/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +# Introduction to 2 Kings # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of 2 Kings #### + +1. The deeds of the prophets Elijah and Elisha in the two kingdoms of Judah and Israel + - Elijah brings Yahweh's judgment onto King Ahaziah (1:1–18) + - Elijah goes to heaven, and Elisha replaces him as the main prophet (2:1–25) + - Elisha defends the northern kingdom against Moab (3:1–27) + - Elisha performs various miracles (4:1–44) + - Elisha heal Naaman, the Syrian (5:1–27) + - Elisha acts in time of war against Syria (6:1–7:20) + - Elisha's reputation and prophecy about Hazael (8:1–15) +1. The history of Judah and Israel from the time of Kings Jehoram and Joram to the fall of Israel (8:16–17:41) +1. The history of Judah from the time of King Hezekiah to its fall (18–25) + +#### What are the Books of 1 and 2 Kings about? #### + +These books are about the history of the people of Yahweh from the time when they split into two kingdoms after Solomon's death. This was the time when the northern kingdom went its own way under its own kings. The Books of 1 and 2 Kings tell this story from the viewpoint that the kings and the priests should have taught their people to be faithful to Yahweh and to his covenant with them. + +The Book of 2 Kings tells how King Josiah repaired the temple and reformed the worship of Yahweh. His actions were in response to the rediscovery of a copy of the Law of Yahweh in Jerusalem (See: [2 Kings 22–23](../22/01.md)). But at the same time, the northern kingdom was growing increasingly corrupt until the Assyrians conquered it in 722 BC. Finally, the southern kingdom fell to the Babylonian Empire in 586 BC. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The Books of 1 and 2 Kings were originally one book in Hebrew but were separated into two books when they were translated in Greek. Translators might choose to create a more meaningful title such as "The First Book about the Kings" and "The Second Book about the Kings." + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## +#### What is the religious purpose of 1 and 2 Kings? #### + +These books were probably written during the exile, after the temple had been destroyed by the Babylonians. Because the temple had had such great religious and cultural significance, the writer may have wanted to explain why the Jews were in exile and how they could continue to worship Yahweh without performing temple sacrifices. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why do the Books of 1 and 2 Kings refer to someone being addressed indirectly? #### + +In the languages of the original Old Testament, people often referred to themselves as "your servant" when speaking to anyone in a superior position to themselves. For example, David frequently called himself "your servant" when he spoke to King Saul. He also called Saul "my master." This type of indirect reference was intended to show honor to the one addressed. English sometimes uses the address "sir" in this way, but a translator should use whatever expressions that are natural in the project language in order to honor someone in a superior position. + +#### What does the king "did what was right (or) evil in the eyes of Yahweh" mean? #### + +This kind of expression is repeated throughout the Books of 1 and 2 Kings. The writer evaluated the achievements and failures of the people and their kings by how well they kept the covenant with Yahweh. + +#### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"? #### + +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who was also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the Kingdom of Judah. + +#### What does the phrase "to this day" mean? #### + +This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time which has already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in 2 Kings 2:22; 8:22; 10:27; 14:7; 16:6; 17:23, 34, 41. + +#### Can I translate 2 Kings before 1 Kings? #### + +It is not recommended that one translate 2 Kings before 1 Kings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/01.md b/2pe/01/01.md index ffb4604383..111a9f0d00 100644 --- a/2pe/01/01.md +++ b/2pe/01/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Simon Peter ## +# General Information: -“From Simon Peter” Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. This could be translated as “I, Simon Peter, wrote this letter.” +Peter identifies himself as the writer and identifies and greets the believers he is writing to. -## slave and apostle of Jesus Christ ## +# slave and apostle of Jesus Christ -Peter speaks of his attitude of being Jesus Christ's servant. He also was given the position and authority of being Christ's apostle. +Peter speaks of being Jesus Christ's servant. He also was given the position and authority of being Christ's apostle. -## to those ## +# to those who have received the same precious faith -Peter seems to be addressing all believers who may read this letter. Alternate translation: "to believers." +That these people have received faith implies that God has given that faith to them. AT: "to those to whom God has given the same precious faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## we have received ## +# to those who have received -"we apostles have received" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +"to you who have received." Peter addresses all believers who may read this letter. -## grace be to you ## +# we have received -The word "you" refers to all believers in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +Here the word "we" refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to those to whom he is writing. AT: "we apostles have received" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## Jesus our Lord ## +# May grace and peace increase in measure -Jesus the Lord of the believers and apostles. +God is the one who will give grace and peace to believers. AT: "May God increase your grace and your peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## May grace be to you; may peace increase through the knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord ## +# May grace and peace increase -Alternate translation: "May kindness and your peace increase because you truly know God and Jesus our Lord." \ No newline at end of file +Peter speaks of peace as if it were an object that could increase in size or numbers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord + +You can translate "knowledge" using a verbal phrase. AT: "through your knowing God and Jesus our Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/03.md b/2pe/01/03.md index b4f4d1e9e2..6517e54830 100644 --- a/2pe/01/03.md +++ b/2pe/01/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## who called us ## +# General Information: -God first reached out to us. "us" refers to Peter and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Peter begins to teach the believers about living godly lives. -## through his own glory and virtue ## +# for life and godliness -"through His Honor and moral excellence" +Here "godliness" describes the word "life." AT: "for a godly life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) -## Through these, he gave us precious and great promises ## +# who called us -"God's precious and great promises came through His honor and excellence" +Here the word "us" refers to Peter and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## the divine nature ## +# through his own glory and virtue -"God's perfect nature" +"through his own glory and moral excellence" -## as you escape from the corruption that is in the world in wicked desires ## +# Through these -"As you flee from the immoral desires of the world. \ No newline at end of file +Here "these" refers to "his own glory and virtue." + +# you might be sharers + +"you might share" + +# the divine nature + +what God is like + +# as you escape from the corruption that is in the world because of wicked desires + +Peter speaks of people not suffering from the corruption that wicked desires cause as if they were escaping from that corruption. The word "corruption" is an abstract noun that can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "and so that the wicked desires in this world will no longer corrupt you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/05.md b/2pe/01/05.md index dc535e70eb..d771422c2c 100644 --- a/2pe/01/05.md +++ b/2pe/01/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -Peter continues to talk to the believers. +# For this reason -## this same reason ## +This refers to what Peter has just said in the previous verses. AT: "Because of what God has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"because of what God has done" - -## virtue ## +# virtue "moral excellence" -## through your virtue, gain knowledge ## +# brotherly affection -Through applying moral excellence increase your understanding. - -## gain brotherly affection ## - -“be kind to one another” \ No newline at end of file +This refers to love for a friend or family member and likely means love for ones spiritual family. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/08.md b/2pe/01/08.md index 1bc80d8342..5fbbb17c15 100644 --- a/2pe/01/08.md +++ b/2pe/01/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Peter continues to talk to the believers. +# these things -## these things ## +This refers to faith, virtue, knowledge, self-control, endurance, godliness, brotherly affection, and love, which Peter mentioned in the previous verses. -That is, faith, virtue, knowledge, self-control, endurance, godliness, brotherly affection, and love. +# you will not be barren or unfruitful -## you will not be barren or unfruitful ## +Peter speaks of a person who does not possess these qualities as if he is a field that will not produce a crop. This can be stated in positive terms. AT: "you will produce and be fruitful" or "you will be effective" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -"You will produce and be fruitful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +# barren or unfruitful -## whoever lacks these things ## +These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this person will not be productive or experience any benefits from knowing Jesus. AT: "unproductive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -any person who does not have these things. +# in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ -## sees only what is near; he is blind ## +You can translate "knowledge" using a verbal phrase. AT: "through your knowing God and Jesus our Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -This phrase compares a a person who thinks only about earthly matters that are right in front of him as one without sight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# whoever lacks these things + +any person who does not have these things + +# sees only what is near; he is blind + +Peter speaks of a person who does not possess these qualities as if he were a nearsighted or blind person because he does not understand their value. AT: "is like a shortsighted person who cannot see their importance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the cleansing from his old sins + +You can use a verb to translate this. AT: "that God has cleansed him from his old sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/10.md b/2pe/01/10.md index 81213ee104..3fc1461aae 100644 --- a/2pe/01/10.md +++ b/2pe/01/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Peter continues to talk to the believers. +# make your calling and election sure for yourselves -## Therefore ## +The words "calling" and "election" share similar meanings and refer to God's choosing them to belong to him. AT: "make sure that God has really chosen you to belong to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -The word "therefore" begins the response of the believer to what was previously stated. +# you will not stumble -## make your calling and election sure for yourselves ## +Here the word "stumble" refers either to 1) committing sin. AT: "you will not practice sinful behavior" or 2) becoming unfaithful to Christ. AT: "you will not become unfaithful to Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The word "calling" refers to God's general invitation of salvation to the all people. The word "election" refers to the specific people that God has chosen. These two words have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +# an entrance ... will be richly granted to you -## you will not stumble ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will richly grant to you an entrance into the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -You will not fail morally or spiritually. \ No newline at end of file +# an entrance + +the opportunity to enter + +# richly granted + +given very generously \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/12.md b/2pe/01/12.md index fad8b1d9f4..ad5a135096 100644 --- a/2pe/01/12.md +++ b/2pe/01/12.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## Therefore ## +# Connecting Statement: -The writer is about to make a statement based on what he previously wrote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) +Peter tells the believers about his obligation to continue reminding them and teaching them. -## I will be ready always to remind you of these things ## +# to remind you of these things -Peter is expressing that he will continue to remind the believers in how to follow christ. +Here the words "these things" refers to everything that Peter has said in the previous verses. -## of these things ## +# you are strong in the truth -how the believers are to grow in Christ. +"you strongly believe the truth of these things" -## to wake you up ## +# to stir you up with a reminder about these things -This is an expression for "to bring to your attention." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the word "stir" means to awaken someone from sleep. Peter speaks of causing his readers to think about these things as if he were waking them from sleep. AT: "to cause you to think about these things with a reminder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I am in this tent ## +# as long as I am in this tent ... I will remove my tent -This is an expression for "for as long as I am alive." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Peter speaks of his body as if it were a tent that he will put away. These phrases refer to his death. AT: "as long as I am alive ... I will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## I will remove my tent ## +# for you to always remember -This is an expression for "I will die." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"to enable you to always remember" -## I will do my best for you to always remember these things ## +# after my departure -"I will do my best to teach you these things so that you will always remember them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## after my departure ## - -This is an expression for "after my death." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Peter speaks of his death as if he were leaving one place to go to another. AT: "after my death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/16.md b/2pe/01/16.md index b7a2f7a5fe..dce14d65a5 100644 --- a/2pe/01/16.md +++ b/2pe/01/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## For we did not follow cleverly invented myths ## +# Connecting Statement: -For we apostles did not follow cleverly made up stories. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Peter continues to explain his teachings to the believers and explains why they are trustworthy. -## our ## +# For we did not follow cleverly invented myths -all believers including us apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here the word "we" refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to his readers. AT: "For we apostles did not follow cleverly made-up stories" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## We heard this voice that came out of heaven ## +# the power and the appearance -Peter is referring to himself and the other disciples, James and John, that heard the voice of God. See: ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These two phrases may refer to the same thing and be translated as a single phrase. AT: "the powerful coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) -## While we were with him on the holy mountain ## +# the appearance of our Lord Jesus Christ -Peter is referring to the time when Jesus glowed with bright light in front of Peter, James and John. (See Matthew [Matthew 17:1](../../mat/17/01.md)). \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the future second coming of Jesus or 2) the past appearance of Jesus during the Transfiguration. + +# our Lord Jesus Christ + +Here the word "our" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# when a voice was brought to him by the majestic Glory + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when he heard a voice come from the majestic Glory" or "when the majestic Glory spoke to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the majestic Glory + +Peter refers to God in terms of his glory. This is a euphemism that avoids using God's name, out of reverence for him. AT: "God, the supreme Glory," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# We heard this voice that came out of heaven + +Peter is referring to himself and to the disciples James and John, who heard the voice of God. + +# we were with him + +"we were with Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/19.md b/2pe/01/19.md index a8a95d0ed1..d9c739afcb 100644 --- a/2pe/01/19.md +++ b/2pe/01/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,47 @@ -## We have this prophetic word made sure ## +# General Information: -Peter is referring to the apostles. The apostles have the message from the prophets that they know is the truth from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Peter begins to warn the believers about false teachers. -## to which you do well to attend ## +# We have this prophetic word made more sure -Peter is saying to the believers to pay close attention to the prophetic message. +The things that Peter and the other apostles saw, which he described in the previous verses, confirm what the prophets spoke. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The things that we saw make this prophetic word more sure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## It is like a lamp shining in a dark place until the morning comes ## +# We have -The prophetic word is compared to a lamp that gives light in the dark until light comes in the morning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here the word "We" refers to all believers, including Peter and his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## and the morning star rises in your hearts ## +# this prophetic word -The morning star is Christ coming to live in the believers heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to the Old Testament. AT: "the scriptures, which the prophets spoke," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## but by men carried along by the Holy Spirit who spoke from God ## +# You do well to pay attention to it -Men who were controlled by the Holy Spirit and spoke what God told them. \ No newline at end of file +Peter instructs the believers to pay close attention to the prophetic message. + +# It is like a lamp shining in a dark place until the morning comes + +Peter compares the prophetic word to a lamp that gives light in the dark until light comes in the morning. The coming of morning is a reference to Christ's coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the morning star rises in your hearts + +Peter speaks of Christ as the "morning star," which indicates that daybreak and the end of darkness is near. Christ will bring light into the hearts of believers, ending all doubt and bringing full understanding of who he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the morning star + +The "morning star" refers to the planet Venus, which sometimes rises just before the sun and indicates that daybreak is near. + +# Know this first + +"Know this as the most important thing" + +# no prophecy is about one's own interpretation + +Possible meanings are 1) the prophets did not make their prophecies on their own or 2) people must rely on the Holy Spirit to understood the prophecies or 3) people must interpret the prophecies with the help of the entire Christian community of believers. + +# men carried along by the Holy Spirit spoke from God + +The Holy Spirit directed men to speak what God wanted them to speak. This can be stated in active form. AT: "men spoke from God as the Holy Spirit carried them along" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# men carried along by the Holy Spirit + +Peter speaks of the Holy Spirit helping the prophets to write what God wanted them to write as if the Holy Spirit was carrying them from one place to another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/intro.md b/2pe/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1664d28db6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2pe/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Peter 01 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Knowing God ##### +Christian spiritual growth is often described as knowing God more or knowing God better. This is because growing Christians understand the things of God better as they grow. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +##### Forgetting what God has done ##### +Peter believes Christians who are not leading godly lives have forgotten the cost of their salvation. He reasons: if they remembered their former lives and what Jesus has done, they would be sufficiently motivated to live godly lives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Divine revelation ##### +Peter describes Christianity as a religion which has been revealed and proved by God, and it is therefore implied that it is not a creation of man, like all other religions (except Judaism). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Peter 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[2 Peter intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/01.md b/2pe/02/01.md index 913cfc4404..9608c43121 100644 --- a/2pe/02/01.md +++ b/2pe/02/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## False prophets came to the Israelites, and false teachers will come to you ## +# General Information: -Just as false prophets came deceiving Israel with their words, so will false teachers come teaching lies about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Peter begins to warn the believers about false teachers. -## heresies ## +# False prophets came to the people, and false teachers will also come to you -opinions that are contrary to the teaching of Christ and the apostles. +Just as false prophets came deceiving Israel with their words, so will false teachers come teaching lies about Christ. -## the Master who bought them ## +# destructive heresies -Jesus is the Master who paid for the sins of all men through His death, burial and resurrection. +The word "heresies" refers to opinions that are contrary to the teaching of Christ and the apostles. These heresies destroy the faith of those who believe them. -## their sensuality ## +# the master who bought them -"their" refers to the false prophet and teachers. Alternate translation: "how they behave in an extremely immoral manner" +The word "master" here refers to a person who owns slaves. Peter speaks of Jesus as the owner of people whom he has bought, the price being his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Against them condemnation will not wait long; their destruction is not idle ## +# sensuality -judgment against the false prophets will be forthcoming and not delay excessively. See: ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +"immoral sexual behavior" + +# the way of truth will be blasphemed + +The phrase "way of truth" refers to the Christian faith as the true path to God. This can be stated in active form. AT: "unbelievers will blaspheme the way of truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# make a profit off of you with deceptive words + +"convince you to give them money by telling you lies" + +# Their condemnation does not delay for long; their destruction does not sleep + +Peter speaks of "condemnation" and "destruction" as if they are persons who act. The two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how soon the false teachers will be condemned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Their condemnation does not delay for long; their destruction does not sleep + +You can translate these phrases with verbs in positive terms. AT: "God will soon condemn them; he is ready to destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/04.md b/2pe/02/04.md index 082d7e2dd0..2479bd5bbb 100644 --- a/2pe/02/04.md +++ b/2pe/02/04.md @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ -## For if God did not spare the angels who sinned… ## +# Connecting Statement: -This begins a series of "if" statements that conclude in verse [2 Peter 2:7](./07.md). +Peter gives examples of people who acted against God and whom God punished because of what they did. -## down to Tartarus ## +# did not spare -"Tartarus" is the Greek word for hell taken from greek and roman religion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"did not refrain from punishing" or "punished" -## to be kept in chains in darkness until the judgment ## +# he handed them down to Tartarus -To be held in a secure prison waiting God's final judgment. +The word "Tartarus" is a term from Greek religion that refers to the place where evil spirits and wicked men who have died are punished. AT: "he cast them into hell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and if he did not spare the ancient world…but brought a flood upon the world of the ungodly ## +# to be kept in chains of lower darkness -God destroyed the ancient world and the ungodly people with a flood. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where he will keep them in chains of lower darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## but did preserve Noah ## +# in chains of lower darkness -God saved righteous Noah from the flood. +Possible meanings are 1) "in chains in a very dark place" or 2) "in very deep darkness that imprisons them like chains." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## reduced the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to ashes ## +# until the judgment -God used fire to destroy the ungodly in the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. +This refers to the day of judgment when God will judge every person. -## as an example of what is to come ## +# he did not spare the ancient world -Just as Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed by fire, at the end of the age God will destroy all the ungodly people by the lake of fire. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "world" refers to the people who lived in it. AT: "he did not spare the people who lived in the ancient world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he preserved Noah ... along with seven others + +God did not destroy Noah and seven other people when he destroyed the rest of the people who lived in the ancient world. + +# reduced the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to ashes + +"burned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah with fire until only ashes remained" + +# condemned them to destruction + +Here the word "them" refers to Sodom and Gomorrah and the people who lived in them. + +# as an example of what is to happen to the ungodly + +Sodom and Gomorrah serve as an example and a warning of what will happen to others who disobey God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/07.md b/2pe/02/07.md index 227796a057..f2d9d7c145 100644 --- a/2pe/02/07.md +++ b/2pe/02/07.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## And he rescued righteous Lot ## +# Connecting Statement: -God delivered Lot, who lived morally. +Peter gives an example of Lot, whom God rescued out from among men who deserved punishment. -## who was constantly troubled by the behavior ## +# the sensual behavior of lawless people -Lot was consistently troubled or harassed by the immoral behavior of the citizens of Sodom and Gamorrah. +"the immoral behavior of people who broke God's law" -## men in lustfulness ## +# that righteous man -“men in wrongful sexual desire.” +This refers to Lot. -## that righteous man ## +# was tormented in his righteous soul -This refers to Lot being righteous. - -## godly men ## - -"men obedient to God" - -## tormented his righteous soul ## - -Troubled his inner self. - -## unrighteous men in custody ## - -The unrighteous men will not escape God's judgment. When they die they will be detained until judgement day. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "soul" refers to Lot's thoughts and emotions. The immoral behavior of the citizens of Sodom and Gomorrah disturbed him emotionally. AT: "was greatly disturbed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/10.md b/2pe/02/10.md index 4f5dbb6edb..45407330b0 100644 --- a/2pe/02/10.md +++ b/2pe/02/10.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## This is especially true ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "this" refers God keeping unrighteous men in prison until judgment day in [2 Peter 2:7](./07.md). +Peter begins describing the characteristics of unrighteous men. -## those who continue in the corrupt desires of the flesh and despise authority ## +# This is especially true -The ungodly who continue to follow the sinful nature and resent rulers or those in charge. +The word "this" refers to God keeping unrighteous men in prison until judgment day in [2 Peter 2:09](./07.md). -## the flesh ## +# those who continue in the corrupt desires of the flesh -The word “flesh” refers to the physical or sinful nature of human beings. +Here the phrase "desires of the flesh" refers to the desires of the sinful nature. AT: "those who continue to indulge their corrupt, sinful desires" -## they are bold and self willed ## +# despise authority -The word "they" refers to those who continue in the corrupt desires of their sinful nature and do not respect angels spiritual authority. +"refuse to submit to God's authority." Here the word "authority" probably refers to God's authority. -## They are not afraid to blaspheme the glorious ones ## +# authority -The ungodly are not afraid to insult and say evil things about angels. +Here "authority" stands for God, who has the right to give commands and to punish disobedience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Angels have greater strength and ability than all men ## +# self-willed -Angels are physically stronger and have more authority, and influence than men. +"do whatever they want to do" -## but they do not bring insulting judgments against them to the Lord ## +# the glorious ones -"but angels do not bring insulting judgments against these men to the Lord" \ No newline at end of file +This phrase refers to spiritual beings, such as angels or demons. + +# greater strength and power + +"more strength and power than the false teachers" + +# they do not bring insulting judgments against them + +The word "they" refers to angels. Possible meanings for the word "them" are 1) the glorious ones or 2) the false teachers. + +# bring insulting judgments against them + +The idea that angels could accuse them is spoken of as if they could attack them using accusations as weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/12.md b/2pe/02/12.md index 67c55c6a1e..a5e9a00b80 100644 --- a/2pe/02/12.md +++ b/2pe/02/12.md @@ -1,31 +1,47 @@ -## these mindless animals ## +# these mindless animals are naturally made -Just as animals can not reason, these men can not be reasoned with. AT: "these false teachers are like mindless animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "these mindless animals are naturally born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They do no know what they insult ## +# these mindless animals -They speak evil of what they do not know or understanding. +Just as animals cannot reason, these men cannot be reasoned with. AT: "these false teachers who are like mindless animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They will be destroyed. ## +# They do not know what they insult -AT: "God will destroy these people" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +They speak evil of what they do not know or understand. -## They are harmed by the reward of their wrongdoing ## +# They will be destroyed -"what they think is good for them is actually bad for them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They are stains and blemishes ## +# They will receive the reward of their wrongdoing -The words "stains" and "blemishes" share similar meanings. False teachers disgrace and dishonor and are like stains and blemishes that a person cannot easily remove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Peter speaks of the punishment that the false teachers will receive as if it were a reward. AT: "They will receive what they deserve for their wrongdoing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## They enjoy their deceitful pleasures while they feast with you ## +# luxury during the day -They continue in their pleasures deceiving the innocent while looking in their eyes and they do not feel guilt. +Here the word "luxury" refers to immoral activity that includes gluttony, drunkenness, and sexual activity. Doing these things during the day indicates that these people are not ashamed of this behavior. -## eyes full of adulterous women; they are never satisfied with sin ## +# They are stains and blemishes -"They lust after every woman that they see, and never have enough." +The words "stains" and "blemishes" share similar meanings. Peter speaks of the false teachers as if they were stains on a garment that cause shame for those who wear it. AT: "They are like stains and blemishes on clothes, which cause disgrace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## hearts trained in covetousness ## +# They have eyes full of adulterous women -The "heart", representing the whole person, is trained in the thought and act of greediness. they wrongly desire wealth or possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +To have their "eyes full" means that they are obsessed with what they see. Possible meanings are 1) "They think of every woman whom they see as adulterous and want to sleep with her" or 2) "They are always looking for an adulterous woman to sleep with." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they are never satisfied with sin + +Although they sin in order to satisfy their lusts, the sin that they commit never satisfies. + +# They entice unstable souls + +Here the word "souls" refers to persons. AT: "They entice unstable people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# hearts trained in covetousness + +Here the word "hearts" refers to the thoughts and emotions of the person. Because of their habitual actions, they have trained themselves to think and act out of covetousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# children of a curse + +The word "children" refers to those who have been cursed. AT: "they are people who are under God's curse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/15.md b/2pe/02/15.md index f7dfcc8b07..840023ae1c 100644 --- a/2pe/02/15.md +++ b/2pe/02/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## They have abandoned...went astray...have followed ## +# They have abandoned ... went astray ... have followed -"false teachers have abandoned...went astray...have followed". False teachers have refused to be obedient to God by rejecting what is right. +"False teachers have abandoned ... went astray ... have followed." False teachers have refused to be obedient to God because they have rejected what is right. -## who loved to receive payment for unrighteousness ## +# the right way -Accepted payment for immoral and sinful acts. +Right behavior that honors God is spoken of as if it were a path to follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## But he obtained a rebuke for his own transgression ## +# he obtained a rebuke -He was sternly corrected for his disobedience. +You can specify it was God who rebuked Balaam. AT: "God rebuked him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## stopped the prophet's insanity ## +# A mute donkey speaking in a human voice -God used a donkey to stop the prophet's foolish action. \ No newline at end of file +A donkey, which is naturally unable to speak, spoke with a voice like a human. + +# stopped the prophet's insanity + +God used a donkey to stop the prophet's foolish action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/17.md b/2pe/02/17.md index d5c9283ce5..9b5665627a 100644 --- a/2pe/02/17.md +++ b/2pe/02/17.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## these men are like springs without water ## +# These men are like springs without water -Just as a spring that is dried up does not provide water for physical life, their teaching does not lead to spiritual life. "They are a false place of refreshing. An empty oasis." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Springs flowing with water promise refreshment for thirsty people, but "springs without water" will leave the thirsty disappointed. In the same way, false teachers, although they promise many things, are unable to do what they promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## They are like clouds that a storm drives ## +# They are like clouds that a storm drives -Storm clouds carry rain. This rain can bring nourishing water or destructive floods. These men are like those clouds carrying destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +When people see storm clouds, they expect rain to fall. When the winds from the storm blow the clouds away before the rain can fall, the people are disappointed. In the same way, false teachers, although they promise many things, are unable to do what they promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## They speak with vain arrogance ## +# Thick darkness is reserved for them -Their speech is boastful without meaning. +The word "them" refers to the false teachers. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has reserved thick darkness for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They entice people through the lusts of the flesh ## +# They speak with vain arrogance + +They use impressive but meaningless words. + +# They entice people through the lusts of the flesh They appeal to the sinful nature to engage people in immoral and sinful actions. -## They entice people who try to escape from those who live in error ## +# people who try to escape ... promise freedom ... slaves of corruption -They try to destroy people who are new to the faith. +Peter speaks of people who live sinfully as if they are slaves to sin who need to be released from their captivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They promise freedom to them, but they themselves are slaves of corruption ## +# people who try to escape from those who live in error -They promise a false freedom, a freedom to sin for believers. But this is slavery to sin. +This phrase refers to people who recently became believers. The phrase "those who live in error" refers to unbelievers who still live in sin. AT: "people who try to live rightly, instead of living sinfully as they used to and as other people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## For a man is a slave to whatever overcomes him ## +# They promise freedom to them, but they themselves are slaves of corruption -A man will pursue those desires he lacks self-control over. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"The false teachers promise freedom to these people, but the false teachers themselves are slaves of corruption." The false teachers promise people that they can help them to stop sinning, but the false teachers themselves cannot stop sinning. + +# For a man is a slave to whatever overcomes him + +Peter speaks of a person as a slave when anything has control over that person, and that thing as the master of that person. AT: "For if something has control over a person, that person becomes like a slave to that thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/20.md b/2pe/02/20.md index bcdcb12f53..250db73d2a 100644 --- a/2pe/02/20.md +++ b/2pe/02/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Whoever escapes the defilements of the world through the knowledge of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ ## +# the defilements of the world -Any person that has accepted the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ and turned from unclean and unholy living. +The word "defilements" refers to sinful behavior that makes one morally impure. The "world" refers to human society. AT: "the defiling practices of sinful human society" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## it has become for them worse than at the first ## +# through the knowledge of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ -They are worse off because they have knowledge of holy living and have chosen to return to a life of sin. +You can translate "knowledge" using a verbal phrase. See how you translated similar phrases in [2 Peter 1:2](../01/01.md). AT: "by knowing the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## have known the way of righteousness ## +# the last state has become worse for them than the first state -Living a life pleasing to God. +"their condition is worse than it was before" -## holy commandment delivered to them ## +# the way of righteousness -God's rules and laws given to them so they would know how to live for God. +Peter speaks of life as a "way" or path. This phrase refers to living a life that is according to God's will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## This proverb...a dog returns to its own vomit. A washed pig returns to the mud. ## +# the holy commandment delivered to them -A wise saying that is comparing how those that know the truth but returns to ungodly living. "A dog returns to its own vomit" refers to Proverbs 26:11. In either case the meaning is "the animal is unable to be trained not to defile itself." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active terms. AT: "the holy commandment that God delivered to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This proverb is true for them + +"This proverb applies to them" or "This proverb describes them" + +# A dog returns to its own vomit. A washed pig returns to the mud + +Peter uses two proverbs to illustrate how the false teachers, although they have known "the way of righteousness," have turned back to the things that make them morally and spiritually impure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/02/intro.md b/2pe/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..652327cc95 --- /dev/null +++ b/2pe/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Peter 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "It has become for them worse than at the first." ##### +From the context, "them" probably refers to false teachers. These people were not Christians but came to hear the gospel message and understood it enough to further their own selfish desires. It is unlikely this passage teaches that Christians who begin to live sinful lives will lose their salvation because of their actions. This is because all Christians remain sinful after they are saved. The context favors this passage as referencing unsaved false teachers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Flesh ##### + +This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful and it appears that while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort, but his new nature will be fighting against his old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) + +##### Implicit knowledge ##### +There are several analogies that are difficult to understand if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. Further explanation may be necessary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Peter 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/01.md b/2pe/03/01.md index 5a7fccc3e1..949a8a6c3c 100644 --- a/2pe/03/01.md +++ b/2pe/03/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Now, I write to you, beloved, this second letter to arouse your sincere mind ## +# General Information: -Peter changes his discussion and now reminds his audience that this is his second letter to them to excite their faithful thinking and actions. +Peter begins to talk about the last days. -## so that you may recall the words said before ## +# to stir up your sincere mind -The reason is to refresh their memories of the teachings by the apostles, the words of holy prophets and commands of Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +Peter speaks of causing his readers to think about these things as if he were waking them from sleep. AT: "to cause you to think pure thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the words spoken in the past by the holy prophets + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the words that the holy prophets spoke in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the command of our Lord and Savior given through your apostles + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the command of our Lord and Savior, which your apostles gave to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/03.md b/2pe/03/03.md index 0a48038ef0..40f73df337 100644 --- a/2pe/03/03.md +++ b/2pe/03/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Know this first ## +# Know this first -"this is most important to understand" +"Know this as the most important thing." See how you translated this in [2 Peter 1:20](../01/19.md). -## "Where is the promise of his return? ## +# proceed according to their own desires -The mockers are being sarcastic in asking this and are not expecting an answer. AT: "The promise that Jesus would return is not true." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here the word "desires" refers to sinful desires that are opposed to God's will. AT: "live according to their own sinful desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## all things remain the same since the beginning of creation ## +# proceed -This is in reference to the basic order of life since the fall of man. People are born and people die. They marry and are given in marriage. There is continued fighting and sin. AT: "life's hardships remains the same since the beginning, the reign of the Messiah has not come to make our life easy". (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +act, behave + +# Where is the promise of his return? + +The mockers ask this rhetorical question to emphasize that they do not believe that Jesus will return. The word "promise" refers to the fulfillment of the promise that Jesus will return. AT: "The promise that Jesus would return is not true! He will not return!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# our fathers fell asleep + +Here "fathers" refers to ancestors who lived long ago. "Fell asleep" is an idiom that means they died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all things have stayed the same, since the beginning of creation + +The mockers exaggerate with the word "all", and they argue that since nothing in the world has ever changed, it cannot be true that Jesus will return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# since the beginning of creation + +This can be translated as a verbal phrase. AT: "since God created the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/05.md b/2pe/03/05.md index 422be85283..48b7a11450 100644 --- a/2pe/03/05.md +++ b/2pe/03/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## They wilfully forget this ## +# the heavens and the earth came to exist ... long ago, by God's command -mockers say that nothing has changed since the creation and they purposely choose to forget. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God established the heavens and the earth ... long ago by his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that the heavens and the earth were established out of water and through water, long ago, by the word of God ## +# came to exist out of water and through water -"God spoke and the heavens existed and the earth came out of the water and also separated by water" +This means that God caused the land to come up out of the water, gathering the bodies of water together to make the land appear. -## and that through his word and the water the world at that time, being flooded, was destroyed ## +# through these things -"The same word that God used to create the world he used to destroy the existing world with a flood" +Here "these things" refers to God's word and water. -## that same word ## +# the world of that time was destroyed, being flooded with water -"the word of God" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God flooded the world that existed at that time with water and destroyed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and that the heavens and the earth are reserved by that same word for fire ## +# the heavens and the earth are reserved for fire by that same command -"God's word is reserving the heavens and earth for fire." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God, by that same word, has reserved the heavens and the earth for fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## being reserved for the day of judgment and the destruction of the ungodly people ## +# that same command -Heavens and earth are being kept until God judges the ungodly people. \ No newline at end of file +Here "command" stands for God, who will give the command: AT "God, who will give a similar command" + +# They are reserved for the day of judgment + +This can be stated in active form and can begin a new sentence. AT: "He is reserving them for the day of judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the day of judgment and the destruction of the ungodly people + +This can be stated with verbal phrases. AT: "for the day when he judges and destroys ungodly people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/08.md b/2pe/03/08.md index eeffd90486..7e7f75e10b 100644 --- a/2pe/03/08.md +++ b/2pe/03/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## This should not escape your notice, beloved ## +# It should not escape your notice -"Beloved, do not forget" +"You should not fail to understand this" or "Do not ignore this" -## that one day with the Lord is like a thousand years, and a thousand years like one day ## +# that one day with the Lord is like a thousand years -God is not on a time schedule. +"that from the Lord's point of view, one day is like a thousand years" -## as some consider slowness to be, but he is patient toward you ## +# The Lord does not move slowly concerning his promises -Where some people may think God is slow in acting on His promises, He is practicing patience toward you. +"The Lord does not move slowly to fulfill his promises" -## but he desire to allow time for all to repent ## +# as some consider slowness to be -God is giving everyone the time to repent before his judgement day. \ No newline at end of file +Some people think that the Lord is slow to fulfill his promises because their perspective of time is different than God's. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/10.md b/2pe/03/10.md index 3d0bd39159..0e3fdd1830 100644 --- a/2pe/03/10.md +++ b/2pe/03/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## However ## +# However -Although the Lord is being patient wants people to repent, he will return and bring judgment. +Although the Lord is being patient and wants people to repent, he will indeed return and bring judgment. -## the day of the Lord will come as a thief ## +# the day of the Lord will come as a thief -Just as a thief does not announce that he is coming to rob a house, Jesus will appear unannounced. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Peter speaks of the day when God will judge everyone as if it were a thief who will unexpectedly and take people by surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## The heavens will pass away with a loud noise. The elements will be burned with fire ## +# The heavens will pass away -Loud noise and fire are vivid descriptions of the destruction of heaven and earth. It will not escape anyone's attention! +"The heavens will disappear" -## the works in it will be judged ## +# The elements will be burned with fire -God will judge all the good or bad things people have done. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will burn the elements with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The elements + +Possible meanings are 1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or 2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water. + +# the earth and the deeds in it will be revealed + +God will see all the earth and all the deeds of everyone, and he will then judge everything. This can be stated in active terms. AT: "God will expose the earth and everything that people have done on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/11.md b/2pe/03/11.md index 8227a1f4ed..181010fae4 100644 --- a/2pe/03/11.md +++ b/2pe/03/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## all these things will be destroyed in this way ## +# Connecting Statement: -"all things will be destroyed by fire" +Peter begins to tell the believers how they should live as they wait for the day of the Lord. -## what kind of people should you to be in respect to holy living and godliness? ## +# Since all these things will be destroyed in this way -Peter challenges the Believers to think how they should be living a holy and godly life knowing that the earth and the deeds of people will be judged. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Since God will destroy all these things in this way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## However, we expect the new heavens and the new earth that he has promised ## +# what kind of people should you be? -Believers have hope and can be sure that the new heaven and new earth that the Lord has promised will come. \ No newline at end of file +Peter uses this rhetorical question to emphasize what he will say next, that they "should live holy and godly lives." AT: "you know what kind of people you should be." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the heavens will be destroyed by fire, and the elements will be melted in great heat + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will destroy the heavens by fire, and he will melt the elements in great heat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the elements + +Possible meanings are 1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or 2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water. See how you translated this in [2 Peter 3:10](./10.md). + +# where righteousness will dwell + +Peter speaks of "righteousness" as if it were a person. This is a metonym for people who are righteous. AT: "where righteous people will dwell" or "where people will live righteously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/14.md b/2pe/03/14.md index cd6f606fc2..daad4651fd 100644 --- a/2pe/03/14.md +++ b/2pe/03/14.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## do your best to be found spotless and blameless ## +# do your best to be found spotless and blameless before him, in peace -The words "spotless" and "blameless" mean basically the same thing and emphasize moral purity. AT: "do your best to have God find you completely pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "do your best to live in a way so that God will find you spotless and blameless, and be at peace with him and each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and to be found at peace with him ## +# spotless and blameless -"and to be at peace with God" +The words "spotless" and "blameless" mean basically the same thing and emphasize moral purity. AT: "completely pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## And consider the patience of our Lord to be salvation ## +# spotless -The Lord waits to grant eternal life to those who will believe in Jesus. +Here this stands for "faultless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## our beloved brother Paul ## +# consider the patience of our Lord to be salvation -A fellow apostle who also wrote to the believers that Peter is addressing. +Because the Lord is patient, the day of judgment has not yet happened. This gives people an opportunity to repent and be saved, as he explained in [2 Peter 3:9](./08.md). AT: "Also, think about the patience of our Lord as giving you an opportunity to repent and be saved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## according to the wisdom that was given to him ## +# according to the wisdom that was given to him -AT: "According to the knowledge and understanding that God gave Paul" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "according to the wisdom that God gave to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Paul speaks of these things in all his letters ## +# Paul speaks of these things in all his letters "Paul speaks of the patience of God leading to salvation in all his letters" -## in which there are things that are difficult to understand ## +# in which there are things that are difficult to understand -There are things in Paul's letter that is not easy to know the meaning of. +There are things in Paul's letters that are difficult to understand. -## Undisciplined and unstable men distort these things ## +# Ignorant and unstable men distort these things -Ungodly men give false representation of the things of the last days as well as distorting other scripture and will be judged for this. \ No newline at end of file +Ignorant and unstable men misinterpret the things that are difficult to understand in Paul's letters. + +# Ignorant and unstable + +"Unlearned and unsteady." These men have not been taught how to properly interpret scripture and are not well established in the truth of the gospel. + +# to their own destruction + +"resulting in their own destruction" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/17.md b/2pe/03/17.md index c2e877135c..52238a7620 100644 --- a/2pe/03/17.md +++ b/2pe/03/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Therefore, beloved, since you know these things ## +# Connecting Statement: -The truth about the patience of God and the teachings of these false teachers. +Peter finishes instructing the believers and ends his letter. -## guard yourselves ## +# since you know about these things -"Be aware and protect yourself" +"These things" refers to the truths about the patience of God and the teachings of these false teachers. -## you lose your own faithfulness ## +# guard yourselves -You start doubting your faith in Jesus Christ. +"protect yourselves" -## But grow in... ## +# so that you are not led astray by the deceit of lawless people -Peter describes how the believers are to grow in their faithfulness and guard against the false teachers. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that lawless people do no lead you astray with their deceitful words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# led astray ... deceit + +Being persuaded to disobey God is spoken of as it were being led off the right path to follow. Deceitful or false teachings are spoken of as if they were someone who could lead another person off the right path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you lose your own faithfulness + +Faithfulness is spoken of as if it were a possession that believers could lose. AT: "you stop being faithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ + +Here growing in the grace and knowledge of the Lord represents experiencing his grace more and knowing him more. The abstract noun "grace" can be expressed with the phrase "act kindly." AT: "receive more of the grace of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, and know him more" or "be more aware of how our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ acts kindly toward you, and know him better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/03/intro.md b/2pe/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2ab336c89e --- /dev/null +++ b/2pe/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 2 Peter 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fire ##### +Fire is related to destruction and, because of this, it is associated with punishment. + +##### Day of the Lord ##### +The exact time of the coming day of the Lord will come as a surprise to the world. This is what the simile "like a thief in the night" means. Because of this, Christians are to be prepared for the coming of the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Peter 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/front/intro.md b/2pe/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..03640b8a91 --- /dev/null +++ b/2pe/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +# Introduction to 2 Peter # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 2 Peter #### + +1. Introduction (1:1-2) +1. Reminder to live good lives because God has enabled us to (1:3-21) +1. Warning against false teachers (2:1-22) +1. Encouragement to prepare for the second coming of Jesus (3:1-17) + +#### What is the Book of 2 Peter about? #### + +Peter wrote this letter in order to encourage believers to live good lives and to warn them not to follow false teachers. He told them to ignore people who were saying that Jesus was taking too long to return. Instead, he pointed out that God is not slow but wants everyone to be saved. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "2 Peter" or "Second Peter." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The Second Letter from Peter" or "The Second Letter Peter Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of 2 Peter? #### + +The letter of 2 Peter states that it was written by the Apostle Peter. Peter probably wrote the letter near the end of his life. He was probably in prison in Rome and facing imminent death. Peter calls this letter his second letter, so we can date it after 1 Peter. He addresses the letter to all Christians. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Why were false teachers a problem in the early church? #### + +False teachers were a problem for the early church for two reasons. First, the New Testament was not yet complete, and the Christians probably had poor access to what New Testament writings did exist. Because of this, it was easy for false teachers to lead believers astray. Second, there was very little knowledge of true Christian teachings in the world. This lack of knowledge was certainly an advantage for false teachers. + +#### What does it mean that God inspired Scripture? #### + +The doctrine of Scripture is a very important one. 2 Peter helps readers to understand that while each writer of Scripture has his own distinct way of writing, God is the true author of Scripture. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +##### Singular and plural "you" ##### + +In this book, the word "I" refers to Peter. Also, the word "you" is always plural and refers to the believers who may read this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Peter? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of 2 Peter: + +* "to be kept in chains in deep darkness until the judgment." (2:4) The ULB, UDB, and many versions have this reading. Other versions have, "to be kept in pits of lower darkness until the judgment." If other versions exist in the translators' region, they might consider following those versions' reading in this passage. +* "They enjoy their deceitful actions while they are feasting with you." (2:13) The ULB, UDB, and many versions have this reading. Other versions have, "They enjoy their actions while they are feasting with you in love feasts." +* "Beor" (2:15). The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions have this reading. Some other versions have the reading, "Bosor." +* "The elements will be burned with fire, and the earth and the deeds in it will be revealed." (3:10) The ULB, UDB, and many versions have this reading. Other versions have, "The elements will be burned with fire, and the earth and the deeds in it will be burned up." If other versions exist in the translators' region, they might consider following those versions' readings in this passage. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/01.md b/2sa/01/01.md index 27dbcbddee..a78fa8fe12 100644 --- a/2sa/01/01.md +++ b/2sa/01/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## with his clothes torn and with dirt on his head ## +# Ziklag -Tearing one's clothes and putting dirt on one's head is an act of mourning humbling oneself. +This is the name of a city in the southern part of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## he lay facedown on the ground and prostrated himself ## +# On the third day -This was an act of this man humbling himself before David who was now the king of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +"After three days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# with his clothes torn and with dirt on his head + +In this culture, tearing one's own clothes and putting dirt on one's head was an act of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# he lay facedown on the ground and prostrated himself + +This was an act of showing submission to David, who was now the king of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/03.md b/2sa/01/03.md index 416ae0e915..b3ed9d4c08 100644 --- a/2sa/01/03.md +++ b/2sa/01/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Many have fallen and many are dead ## +# Many have fallen and many are dead -Possible meanings are 1) "Many were wounded and many were killed" or 2) "many were wounded and killed". \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "Many were wounded and many were killed" or 2) "Many were wounded and killed." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/06.md b/2sa/01/06.md index d33156438d..9884e1b0e5 100644 --- a/2sa/01/06.md +++ b/2sa/01/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Saul was leaning on his spear ## +# By chance I happened to be -The phrase, "leaning on his spear," means Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This statement emphasizes that the man did not plan to meet Saul. + +# Saul was leaning on his spear + +Possible meanings are 1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or 2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/08.md b/2sa/01/08.md index fd40be6f29..07c2790800 100644 --- a/2sa/01/08.md +++ b/2sa/01/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## I am an Amalekite ## +# He said to me, 'Who are you?' I answered him, 'I am an Amalekite.' -These are the same people David just finishing attacking in [2 Samuel 1:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +These direct quotations could be stated as indirect speech. AT: "He asked me who I was, and I told him that I am an Amalekite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# I am an Amalekite + +These are the same people David just finishing attacking in [2 Samuel 1:01](./01.md). + +# great suffering has taken hold of me + +Saul's suffering is spoken of as something terrible that has grabbed hold of him. AT: "I am suffering terribly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# life is still in me + +This idiom means he is still alive. AT: "I am still alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he would not live after he had fallen + +"he would die anyway" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/11.md b/2sa/01/11.md index 1002975f61..08c4748331 100644 --- a/2sa/01/11.md +++ b/2sa/01/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## David tore his clothes ## +# David tore his clothes ... the men with him did the same -David tore his clothes as a sign of mourning the death of King Saul. +David and his men tore their clothes as a sign of mourning for the death of King Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## the people of Yahweh, and for the house of Israel ## +# for the people of Yahweh, and for the house of Israel -These two phrases are very similar. They are emphasizing that all of Israel was being mourned. +Both statements mean basically same thing. The word "house" is a metonym that represents the descendants of Israel. But, both "people" and "house" probably are a synecdoche representing the soldiers of Israel. AT: "for the Israelite soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## fallen by the sword ## +# Yahweh -This is a more polite way to say that many people died in battle. The phrase "by the sword" here means "combat." The word "fallen" means "died." AT: "died in combat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# they had fallen by the sword + +Here "fallen" is a polite way of referring to being killed. Also, "sword" represents a battle. This here means "had been killed." AT: "they had died in battle" or "enemies had killed them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Where are you from? + +The man had already stated that he is an Amalekite in [2 Samuel 1:8](./08.md). David apparently asks the man to confirm this because of the serious judgment that David was going to pronounce on the man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/14.md b/2sa/01/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7c6124bc89..0000000000 --- a/2sa/01/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -## "Why were you not afraid to kill Yahweh’s anointed king with your own hand?" ## - -David uses this question to rebuke the Amalekite. ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Yahweh’s anointed king ## - -This phrase refers to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## your own hand ## - -This phrase means the Amalekite did something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## struck him down, ## - -This phrase means killed him. - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## your blood is on your head ## - -This phrase refers to the young man's own testimony that he killed the king of Israel,so he has now brought about his own imminent death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/17.md b/2sa/01/17.md index bfcf0fae7d..4795d6407d 100644 --- a/2sa/01/17.md +++ b/2sa/01/17.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -David sings a song of mourning for Saul and Jonathan +# General Information: -## book of Jashar ## +David sings a song of mourning for Saul and Jonathan. -The word "Jashar" means "upright;" this can be rendered AT:"book of the upright." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Song of the Bow -## "Your glory, Israel is dead, ## +This was the title of the song. -The phrase "Your glory" is used here to refer to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# which has been written in The Book of Jashar -## the mighty ## +This is background information added to tell the reader what happened to the song in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -The phrase "the mighty" refers to both Saul and Jonathan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# The Book of Jashar -## have fallen ## +The word "Jashar" means "upright." AT: "The Book of the Upright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Your glory, Israel, is dead + +"Your glory" refers to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the mighty + +The phrase "the mighty" refers to both Saul and Jonathan. This nominal adjective is plural, and can be stated as "the mighty ones."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# have fallen The word "fallen" here means "died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## streets of Ashkelon ## +# Do not tell it in Gath ... do not proclaim it in the streets of Ashkelon -Ashkelon is one of the Philistine's major cities. +These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated as part of the poetry of the song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the daughters of the uncircumcised ## +# Gath ... Ashkelon -This phrase refers to people who do not follow Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Gath and Ashkelon are two of the Philistines' major cities. The Philistines killed Saul and Jonathan. + +# so that the daughters of the Philistines may not rejoice ... so that the daughters of the uncircumcised may not celebrate + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated as part of the poetry of the song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the daughters of the uncircumcised + +This phrase refers to people who do not follow Yahweh, such as the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/21.md b/2sa/01/21.md index c8f4662ae0..21fa542012 100644 --- a/2sa/01/21.md +++ b/2sa/01/21.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Mountains of Gilboa ## +# Mountains of Gilboa -The "Mountains of Gilboa" are addressed here as if they were alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +David speaks directly to the "Mountains of Gilboa" as if they were listening to his song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## Let there not be dew or rain on you, ## +# let there not be dew or rain on you -David curses the ground where King Saul died in the battle. This was out of reverence for Saul who was God's anointed king. +David curses the ground where King Saul died in the battle. This was out of reverence for Saul, who was God's anointed king. -## the shield of the mighty was defiled ## +# the shield of the mighty was defiled -The "mighty" here is referring to Saul. It is defiled both by falling to the ground and by the king's blood being shed on it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The "mighty" here refers to Saul. The shield was defiled because it fell on the ground, and because the king's blood was shed on it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## The shield of Saul is no longer anointed with oil ## +# The shield of Saul is no longer anointed with oil -Saul's shield was made of leather; to care for the shield, one would have rubbed oil into it. AT: "No one will care for Saul's shield anymore." +Saul's shield was made of leather. To care for the shield, it was rubbed with oil. AT: "No one will care for Saul's shield anymore" -## From the blood of those who have been killed, from the bodies of the mighty, The bow of Jonathan did not turn back, And the sword of Saul did not return empty ## +# From the blood of those who have been killed, from the bodies of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty Saul and Jonathan are shown here to have been fierce and valiant warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the sword of Saul did not return empty ## +# the sword of Saul did not return empty -Saul killed many enemies with his sword before he was killed in battle. \ No newline at end of file +Saul's sword is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could return on its own. Rather than return empty, it was carrying the blood of Saul's enemies that it killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/23.md b/2sa/01/23.md index 2649e35a40..c69daf487d 100644 --- a/2sa/01/23.md +++ b/2sa/01/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## they were not separated ## +# in their death they were not separated -AT: "they were together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +The phrase "were not separated" is used to emphasize that they were always together. AT: "even in death they were together" -## They were swifter than eagles, They were stronger than lions. ## +# They were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions. -Saul and Jonathan were powerful warriors. ( See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Saul and Jonathan were spoken of as if they were faster than eagles and stronger than lions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Who clothed you in scarlet delicately, Who put ornaments of gold on your garments. ## +# who clothed you in scarlet as well as jewels, and who put ornaments of gold on your clothing -“Who made it so you could have nicer clothes and wear jewelry.” These two phrases share similar meanings that focus on making a woman look pretty. This is how David describes King Saul's achievements for Israel. AT: "Who made your lives better." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +"who provided you nice clothes and jewelry." These two phrases share similar meanings that describe providing the women with expensive, attractive clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/25.md b/2sa/01/25.md index 66a85de9cc..a64d60f4b4 100644 --- a/2sa/01/25.md +++ b/2sa/01/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## the mighty ## +# How the mighty have fallen in the midst of the battle -Here this phrase refers to Jonathan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This phrase is repeated in verse 27 to emphasize that Israel's best warriors are dead. AT: "The mighty men have died in battle" -## have fallen ## +# the mighty -This is a more polite way to say "died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Here "mighty" is plural and may refer to only Saul and Jonathan, or to all of the soldiers of Israel. AT: "the mighty warriors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## Jonathan is killed ## +# have fallen -AT: "Jonathan was killed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is a polite way to say "have died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## How the mighty have fallen, And the weapons of war perished ## +# Jonathan is killed -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. Jonathan and his weapons are lost to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jonathan has died in battle" or "The enemy has killed Jonathan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on your high places + +David continues to address this part of the song to the mountains of Gilboa as he started in [2 Samuel 1:21](./21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# my brother Jonathan + +Here "brother" is used in the sense of a very close friend. + +# Your love to me was wonderful, exceeding the love of women + +Here "love" is used in the sense of friendship and loyalty. Jonathan's loyalty to David was even greater than the loyalty a woman has for her husband and children. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/01/intro.md b/2sa/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d7642f5086 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# 2 Samuel 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, songs and poems. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 1:19-27, which is a song. + +This chapter continues the material from 1 Samuel. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's funeral song ##### +David praised Saul and Jonathan as great warriors and Jonathan as his dearest friend. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Synecdoche ##### +David used two figures of speech to express that Jonathan and Saul were great warriors: "the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* **[2 Samuel intro](../front/intro.md) +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/01.md b/2sa/02/01.md index 86dfb2f27a..7922e10dcf 100644 --- a/2sa/02/01.md +++ b/2sa/02/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## After this ## +# After this -After David mourned Saul and Jonathan's death in battle. +"After David mourned the deaths of Saul and Jonathan in battle" -## go up to one of the cities of Judah ## +# go up to one of the cities of Judah -"travel to on of the cities of Judah" +At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. David used the phrase "go up" because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Judah. AT: "travel to one of the cities of Judah" -## David went up with his two wives, ## +# David went up with his two wives -"David travelled to Hebron with his two wives," \ No newline at end of file +At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. The narrator uses the phrase "went up" because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Hebron. AT: "David traveled to Hebron with his two wives" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/04.md b/2sa/02/04.md index bd164632f8..dc68a0ba3d 100644 --- a/2sa/02/04.md +++ b/2sa/02/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Jabesh Gilead ## +# anointed David king -Name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David's head to show that he was selected to be the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the house of Judah + +Here "house" is used in the sense of "tribe." AT: "the tribe of Judah" + +# Jabesh Gilead + +This is the name of a town in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/06.md b/2sa/02/06.md index 6f9aba3080..53bc6ebee3 100644 --- a/2sa/02/06.md +++ b/2sa/02/06.md @@ -1,2 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + David speaks to the people of Jabesh Gilead. -No notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file + +# this thing + +They buried Saul. + +# let your hands be strong + +Here "hands" refers to the people of Jabesh Gilead. AT: "be strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# anointed me king + +In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David's head to show that he was selected to be the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/08.md b/2sa/02/08.md index f55914c4dd..ece9c0bf71 100644 --- a/2sa/02/08.md +++ b/2sa/02/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Ner, Ishbosheth ## +# Ner ... Ishbosheth -Names of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Mahanaim, Gilead, Jezreel ## +# Mahanaim ... Gilead ... Jezreel -Names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/10.md b/2sa/02/10.md index 6cb247f8cd..b22a141f2b 100644 --- a/2sa/02/10.md +++ b/2sa/02/10.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the house of Judah followed David + +Obeying David's rule is spoken of as "following" him. AT: "the tribe of Judah obeyed David as their king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# house of Judah + +Here "house" is used to mean "tribe." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/12.md b/2sa/02/12.md index f98dba9bb0..f9672e773b 100644 --- a/2sa/02/12.md +++ b/2sa/02/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Abner... Ner... Ish Bosheth... Saul... Zeruiah ## +# Abner ... Ner ... Ishbosheth ... Saul ... Zeruiah -These are the names of a men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/14.md b/2sa/02/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6cb247f8cd..0000000000 --- a/2sa/02/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/16.md b/2sa/02/16.md index c61543890b..a4af9a8856 100644 --- a/2sa/02/16.md +++ b/2sa/02/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Helkath Hazzurim ## +# they fell down together -The name given to remind people what happened there (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a polite way of saying they died. AT: "they both died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## they fell down together. ## +# Helkath Hazzurim -"they died together." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a name given to remind people what happened there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The battle was very severe that day + +It may be helpful to explicitly state that this was the large battle that followed the contest of the young men. AT: "Then the others started to fight also. It was a very fierce battle that day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/18.md b/2sa/02/18.md index fb73ec7911..5a4657f10c 100644 --- a/2sa/02/18.md +++ b/2sa/02/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Zeruiah... Joab... Abishai... Asahel... Abner ## +# Zeruiah ... Joab ... Abishai ... Asahel ... Abner -These are the names of a men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Asahel was swift in his feet like a wild gazelle. ## +# Asahel was swift in his feet like a wild gazelle -AT: "Ashahel could run very fast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here Asahel is compared to a gazelle, an animal that runs very fast. AT: "Asahel could run very fast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## wild gazelle ## +# wild gazelle -This is a small four legged animal with two long horns on its head that run very fast. \ No newline at end of file +This small, four-legged animal, with two long horns on its head, runs very fast. + +# followed him without turning away in any direction + +Here "without turning away" is stated in negative form to emphasize how closely he followed Abner's path. AT: "followed him wherever he went" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/20.md b/2sa/02/20.md index 42f2b3ca55..9ce0be0893 100644 --- a/2sa/02/20.md +++ b/2sa/02/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Asahel ## +# Asahel -The name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## seize one of the young men and take his armor ## +# Turn aside to your right or to your left ... turn aside -The phrase means "fight with another and kill him."See: ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Stop chasing me ... stop chasing Abner" + +# seize one of the young men and take his armor + +Abner was asking Asahel to kill and plunder another younger soldier who would not be as dangerous as Abner. He did not want to kill Asahel. AT: "fight with another soldier and take his equipment as plunder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/22.md b/2sa/02/22.md index c5934f302c..14b50e6a43 100644 --- a/2sa/02/22.md +++ b/2sa/02/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## turn aside ## +# Why should I strike you to the ground? -AT: "halt" or "stop chasing" +This rhetorical question is used to warn Asahel of the danger he faced. "Strike to the ground" is a polite way of saying "to kill." AT: "I do not wish to kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## Why should I strike you to the ground? ## +# How then could I hold up my face to Joab, your brother? -AT: "I do not wish to kill you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This rhetorical question emphasizes that Abner does not want to fight and kill Asahel because it would destroy Abner's relationship with Joab. Here "hold up my face to Joab" is an idiom that means that he would be too ashamed to look at Joab. AT: "I would be too ashamed to look at your brother, Joab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## How then could I hold up my face to Joab, your brother? ## +# turn aside -This rhetorical question continues to emphasize how much Abner does not want to fight and kill Asahel because it destroy Abner's relationship with Joab. AT:"I would not be able to maintain my friendship with your brother, Joab." or "If I come near your brother, Joab, he will have reason to kill me" or "I will be guilty and shamed before your brother, Joab." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means to "halt" or "stop chasing." + +# the blunt end of his spear + +This refers to the handle, which is not sharp or designed to pierce anything. It can be implied that Abner was only trying to stop Asahel from following him, and did not intend to kill him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/24.md b/2sa/02/24.md index 220d31c351..c54bc769d8 100644 --- a/2sa/02/24.md +++ b/2sa/02/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Abishai ## +# Abishai -The name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## hill of Ammah... Giah ## +# hill of Ammah ... Giah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/26.md b/2sa/02/26.md index 4a2a5f6d28..697d10ca26 100644 --- a/2sa/02/26.md +++ b/2sa/02/26.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## called to ## +# called -"shouted" or "yelled." +"shouted" or "yelled" -## "Must the sword devour forever? ## +# Must the sword devour forever? -AT: "We do not need to keep using our swords to fight and kill each other." A "sword" cannot literally eat. When it is said to eat or "devour" it is taking part in warfare and killing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This rhetorical question emphasizes that the battle had already continued too long. Here "sword" refers to the fighting. The killing in the battle is spoken of as if a wild animal was eating the soldiers. AT: "We do not need to keep using our swords to fight and kill each other." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Do you not know it will be bitter in the end? How long will it be before you tell your men to stop pursuing their brothers? ## +# Do you not know it will be bitter in the end? -AT: "This will not have a good ending, stop this now so that Israelite will not have to kill Israelite." Here "brother" is used to represent the members of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] ) +This rhetorical question is used to force Joab to acknowledge that continued fighting could only result in more suffering. Here "bitter" is a euphemism for the terrible suffering that would occur. AT: "You know very well that there will be a terrible result if this continues!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## as God lives ## +# How long will it be before you tell your men to stop pursuing their brothers? -This is a very strong vow. AT: "with God as my witness" or "God will affirm that I mean this thing I say." +This rhetorical question is intended to convince Joab to stop fighting their fellow Israelites. Here "brother" is used to represent the members of the nation of Israel. AT: "Stop this now so that Israelites will not have to kill each other!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## if you had not said that ## +# Just as God lives -This refers to what Abner has said to Joab about stopping the battle. \ No newline at end of file +This is a very strong vow. AT: "With God as my witness" or "God will affirm that I mean what I say" + +# if you had not said that ... pursued their brothers until the morning + +This hypothetical statement tells what might have happened if Abner had not spoken wisely to Joab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/28.md b/2sa/02/28.md index 9334a5662f..5391c14650 100644 --- a/2sa/02/28.md +++ b/2sa/02/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## pursue Israel anymore ## +# blew the trumpet -"Israel" refers to the men who were fighting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Trumpets were used to signal orders to the armies across great distances. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Arabah, Mahanaim ## +# did not pursue Israel -These word are the names of a places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Israel" refers to the Israelite soldiers. AT: "did not continue to chase the Israelite soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Arabah ... Mahanaim + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/30.md b/2sa/02/30.md index 2c94f9b15d..e8030b5951 100644 --- a/2sa/02/30.md +++ b/2sa/02/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Asahel ## +# Asahel -The name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## of Benjamin ## +# 360 men of Benjamin with Abner -This phrase means "from the tribe of Benjamin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"360 men from Benjamin who followed Abner." Abner did not die. + +# 360 men + +"three hundred and sixty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# of Benjamin + +This phrase means "from the tribe of Benjamin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# took up Asahel + +"carried Asahel's body with them" + +# the day dawned on them at Hebron + +"they arrived at Hebron by dawn the next morning" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/02/intro.md b/2sa/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ce6f6e9864 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Samuel 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the story of the civil war between Saul's son and David. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Civil war ##### +There was a civil war in Israel. David was made king of Judah and Saul's uncle (Abner) made Saul's son (Ishbosheth) king of the rest of Israel. When they fought each other, Abner killed Joab's brother, but David's army was victorious. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical question ##### +Abner finally stopped the battle with a rhetorical question to David's army. "Must the sword devour forever?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/01.md b/2sa/03/01.md index 0cec225786..6a0c248e71 100644 --- a/2sa/03/01.md +++ b/2sa/03/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Samuel tells information about the war between David and the supporters of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Samuel gives information about the war between David and the supporters of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# house + +Here "house" is used to mean "supporters." + +# grew stronger and stronger + +This metaphor means the number of people supporting David increased. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# grew weaker and weaker + +This metaphor means the number of people supporting Saul's family decreased. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/02.md b/2sa/03/02.md index 12616ecd6a..34907c5a7a 100644 --- a/2sa/03/02.md +++ b/2sa/03/02.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## firstborn… second son… third son ## +# Sons were born to David -numerical order of David's sons (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "David's wives gave birth to six sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Ahinoam... Abigail... Maacah ## +# firstborn ... second son ... third + +This is the numerical order of David's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Ahinoam ... Abigail ... Maacah These are women's names. They are the wives of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Chileab ... Nabal ... Talmai ## +# Kileab ... Nabal ... Talmai These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/04.md b/2sa/03/04.md index b8cf2331fb..3b76174894 100644 --- a/2sa/03/04.md +++ b/2sa/03/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## fourth son… fifth son… the sixth ## +# fourth son ... fifth son ... the sixth -numerical order of David's sons (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This is the numerical order of David's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Shephatiah... Ithream ## +# Adonijah ... Shephatiah ... Ithream -These are the male names of David's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of David's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Haggith... Abital.., Eglah ## +# Haggith ... Abital ... Eglah -These are female names of David's wives. \ No newline at end of file +These are names of David's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/06.md b/2sa/03/06.md index 4c11234d0f..3970f2efb3 100644 --- a/2sa/03/06.md +++ b/2sa/03/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## Rizpah... Aiah ## +# It came about -These are female names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This introduces a new event in the story of the struggle between David's supporters and Saul's family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Ishbosheth ## +# house of Saul -This is a male name, a son of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Saul's family and supporters who assumed control of his estate after he died. + +# house of David + +This refers to the supporters of David. + +# Abner made himself strong in the house of Saul + +Abner's increasing power over Saul's family is spoken of as if he became physically stronger. AT: "Abner gained more power over the family and supporters of Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Rizpah ... Aiah + +These are names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ishbosheth + +This is a male name, a son of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Why have you slept with my father's concubine? + +Ishbosheth asked this question to rebuke Abner who was acting like he was the king. AT: "You did not have the right to sleep with my father's concubine!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# slept with + +This is a euphemism for sexual relations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/08.md b/2sa/03/08.md index 901a110e3c..0e858c3e86 100644 --- a/2sa/03/08.md +++ b/2sa/03/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## "Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah?" ## +# Am I a dog's head that belongs to Judah? -This is an insult. The dog is a foul creature which wanders masterless eating garbage and offal. AT: "Am I like a worthless person wandering Judah?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth's accusation. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am not a traitor working for David!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## And yet you accuse me about this woman today? ## +# Am I a dog's head that belongs to Judah? -Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. AT: " And you find wrong in me what I have done with this woman?" or "And yet you blame me along with this woman today?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Abner speaks of himself as the head of a dog, which the Israelites considered to be loyal to anyone who fed them. Here "belongs to Judah" implies that Abner's loyalty is to Judah, to which David belonged, and not to Saul's house. AT: "Am I a traitor for Judah?" or "I am not a traitor working for David!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# into the hand of David + +Here "hand" represents the power to defeat. AT: "to be defeated by David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But now you accuse me of an offense concerning this woman? + +Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. It is unclear if Abner actually slept with Rizpah, or if he was falsely accused. Possible meanings are 1) Abner was guilty. AT: "You should not be upset that I slept with this woman!" or 2) Abner was not guilty. AT: "You should not think that I have slept with this woman!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/09.md b/2sa/03/09.md index 819c19ec02..06e5dc4130 100644 --- a/2sa/03/09.md +++ b/2sa/03/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## throne of David ## +# May God do so to me ... and more also, if I do not -This phrase represents the authority of David being king. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. Abner is asking God to judge him severely if he does not keep his vow. Your language may have a way of expressing vows. AT: "I am asking God to punish me if I do not" + +# the house of Saul + +Here "house" refers to Saul's family and supporters who survived Saul's death. AT: "the family and supporters of Saul" + +# throne of David + +This phrase refers to the authority of David as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/12.md b/2sa/03/12.md index 6d15d0e8b5..e57736480b 100644 --- a/2sa/03/12.md +++ b/2sa/03/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## my hand is with you ## +# to David -The word "hand" here represents Abner's assistance. AT: "you have my assistance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Some versions add "when he was at Hebron" and others omit it. You may want to add the phrase if it is present in your national version. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) -## Michal ## +# Whose land is this? -This is a female name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The original text of this question is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) Abner had the power to give the land to David. AT: "This land is mine!" or 2) David is chosen by God to rule the land: AT: "This land rightfully belongs to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# my hand is with you + +Here "hand" represents Abner's assistance that he is offering to David. AT: "I will assist you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you cannot see my face unless you first bring Michal + +David is stating the condition under which he will meet Abner. Here "face" refers to David himself. AT: "you cannot see me unless you bring Michal to me first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Michal + +This is the name of a daughter of Saul. She was David's first wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/14.md b/2sa/03/14.md index 4fc879ebc8..0bbce73a6b 100644 --- a/2sa/03/14.md +++ b/2sa/03/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## one hundred foreskins ## +# one hundred Philistine foreskins -This represents the number of men killed by David for his wife. The "foreskin" is the fold of skin that covers the male reproductive organ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This represents the number of men David killed so that Saul would allow him to marry Michal. These men are represented here by their "foreskins." The "foreskin" is the fold of skin that covers the male reproductive organ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Paltiel... Laish ## +# took her from her husband + +Paltiel was Michal's second husband. Saul gave her to him after David fled from Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Paltiel ... Laish These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Bahurim ## +# Bahurim -A village. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a village. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/17.md b/2sa/03/17.md index ff40318c3d..9169f672e6 100644 --- a/2sa/03/17.md +++ b/2sa/03/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Now do it. ## +# Now do it -AT: "So now make David your king." +"So now make David your king" -## By the hand of my servant David ## +# By the hand of my servant David -The word "hand" here represents David's agency for Yahweh. AT: "My servant David will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" refers to David's power to defeat the Philistines. AT: "I will empower my servant David and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hand of the Philistines + +Here "hand" refers to power over Israel. AT: "the power of the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hand of all their enemies + +Here "hand" refers to power over Israel. AT: "the power of all of their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/19.md b/2sa/03/19.md index 46a9a8a833..0add570c8f 100644 --- a/2sa/03/19.md +++ b/2sa/03/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Twenty of his men ## +# the people of Benjamin ... the whole house of Benjamin -The number of men that came with Abner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Both of these statements refer to the descendants of Benjamin, who were one of the tribes of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the people of Benjamin... the whole house of Benjamin - ## +# twenty of his men -** both of these statements refer to the tribe of Israel, descendants of Benjamin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The number of men who came with Abner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/21.md b/2sa/03/21.md index 280d409604..bc9ad94f94 100644 --- a/2sa/03/21.md +++ b/2sa/03/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## all Israel ## +# all Israel -This phrase means "all of the nation of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase means "all of the nation of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# So David sent Abner away + +They parted as friends. David was not angry with Abner. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/22.md b/2sa/03/22.md index 7a6be4a2af..34466bbff5 100644 --- a/2sa/03/22.md +++ b/2sa/03/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## plunder ## +# plunder These are items taken from the enemy. -## Ner ## +# Abner was not with David in Hebron -This is a male name; the grandfather of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Abner had already left to return home. + +# they told Joab + +"someone told Joab" + +# Ner + +This is a man's name. He is the grandfather of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/24.md b/2sa/03/24.md index eddcfe0f9c..e7dfe501ad 100644 --- a/2sa/03/24.md +++ b/2sa/03/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Why have you sent him away, and he is gone? ## +# What have you done? -This question is asked to rebuke David's ignorance. AT:"Abner was here and you let him leave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner go in peace. AT: "You should not have done this!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## well of Sirah ## +# Why have you sent him away, and he is gone? -This is the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner escape. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Abner was here and you let him leave!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do you not know ... everything you are doing? + +Joab asks this question to convince David that Abner is plotting against David. AT: "Surely you know ... everything you are doing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# well of Sirah + +"Sirah" is the name of a place where the well was located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/27.md b/2sa/03/27.md index 07335081f8..0c5a37ca85 100644 --- a/2sa/03/27.md +++ b/2sa/03/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## blood of Asahel ## +# the middle of the gate -This phrase refers to the life of Asahel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to one of the gates in the city wall at Hebron. As the UDB implies, city gates were constructed as part of buildings set into the city walls. Inside the passageway were doors leading to side rooms, where guests could be received and business and judicial proceedings could be conducted. It was probably in one of these rooms that Joab murdered Abner. -## Asahel ## +# the blood of Asahel -This is name of a male person (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "blood" is associated with the death of Asahel. AT: "the death of Asahel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Asahel + +This is the name of a male person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/28.md b/2sa/03/28.md index 88a0da8eac..e535e54958 100644 --- a/2sa/03/28.md +++ b/2sa/03/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## Ner, Abishai ​and Asahel ## +# Ner ... Abishai ... Asahel -names of people ​(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the head of Joab and on all his father's house ## +# the blood of Abner -Here "​head ​of Joab" means "​Joab ​is responsible." ​The phrase "​all ​his father'​s house" refers to all the descendants ​of Joab'​s ​father. (See:​ [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "blood" refers to the death of Abner. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 3:27](./27.md). AT: "the death of Abner" or "the murder of Abner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fall on the head of Joab and on all his father's house + +This phrase means the results of the guilt will happen to Joab and his family as if something heavy had collapsed on them. AT: "always cause suffering for Joab and for all his father's house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all his father's house + +Here "house" refers to descendants. AT: "all the descendants of Joab's father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May there never fail to be + +This double negative emphasizes that there will always be someone with the problems listed. AT: "May there always be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is killed by the sword + +Here "sword" refers to violent death. AT: "dies violently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# goes without food + +"is hungry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/31.md b/2sa/03/31.md index b637287ad0..23570ffe21 100644 --- a/2sa/03/31.md +++ b/2sa/03/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## The king wept and cried loudly ## +# Tear your clothes, put on sackcloth -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These were symbolic actions to demonstrate their grief and sadness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## The king wept ## +# The king wept and cried loudly -refers to King David who mourned or cried. - -## all the people ## - -This phrase refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "wept" and "cried loudly" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much David mourned for Abner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/33.md b/2sa/03/33.md index f7ed4283bc..3743902526 100644 --- a/2sa/03/33.md +++ b/2sa/03/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Should Abner die as a fool dies? ## +# Should Abner die as a fool dies? -This question emphasizes how wrong Abner's death was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that his death was not fair. AT: "Abner should not have died in disgrace!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the sons of injustice ## +# Your hands were not bound. Your feet were not shackled -"the wrongdoers" referring to Joab and his group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These two sentences express similar ideas. They can be combined into one sentence. AT: "You were in no way a criminal in prison" or "You were completely innocent of doing wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## The people ## +# Your hands were not bound -This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one had tied your hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Your feet were not shackled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one had attached your feet to chains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the sons of injustice + +This refers to people who are unjust or wicked. AT: "wicked men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/35.md b/2sa/03/35.md index 87d270edf4..a01ea2d248 100644 --- a/2sa/03/35.md +++ b/2sa/03/35.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## All the people came ## +# All the people came -This deliberate exaggeration is used to show that the nation of Israel wanted to take care of David in his grief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This deliberate exaggeration is used to show that the nation of Israel wanted to take care of David in his grief. AT: "Many people came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# May God do so to me, and more also, if + +This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. David is asking God to judge him severely if he eats anything before sunset. Your language many have a way of expressing vows. AT: "I am asking God to punish me if" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/37.md b/2sa/03/37.md index 149e0cd675..4348b6cd58 100644 --- a/2sa/03/37.md +++ b/2sa/03/37.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Do you know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel? ## +# Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel? -David asks this question to emphasize his grief over the death of Abner. The phrase "has fallen" is used here as a polite way of saying "was killed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This rhetorical question is used to show how much David respected Abner. Here "fallen" is a euphemism that means "died." It can be translated as a statement. AT: "It is certainly true that a great prince has died today in Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## Ner, Zeruiah ## +# a prince and a great man -These are a male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These two phrases both refer to Abner. AT: "a great prince" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) -## brutal ## +# Ner ... Zeruiah -AT: "without mercy" \ No newline at end of file +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# brutal + +"without mercy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/intro.md b/2sa/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bee055c81a --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Samuel 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the first attempt to end the civil war. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, songs and poems. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 3:33-34, which is part of a song. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +David never wanted to hurt Saul's family. Isbosheth criticized Abner and Abner became angry. He decided to help David become king of all of Israel. Abner came and made a treaty with David. As he left, Joab arrived and told him he wanted to talk to him and he murdered Abner. David was very unhappy that Abner had been killed. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/04/01.md b/2sa/04/01.md index eac5f26c6c..b1812806e0 100644 --- a/2sa/04/01.md +++ b/2sa/04/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Ish Bosheth... Banal... Rechab... Rimmon ## +# Ishbosheth ... Baanah ... Recab ... Rimmon -These are male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## his hands became weak ## +# his hands became weak -This phrase represents Ish Bosheth. AT: "Ish Bosheth became weak" or "Ish Bosheth lost all strength." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +In this phrase "his hands" represents Ishbosheth. AT: "Ishbosheth became weak" or "Ishbosheth lost all strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## (for Beeroth is also considered part of Benjamin, 3and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim and have been living there until this very time.) ## +# Now Saul's son had two men ... this very time -Here the author provides some background explanation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +This introduces the men Baanah and Rechab in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## Beeroth... Gittaim ## +# for Beeroth is also considered part of Benjamin, and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim and have been living there until this very time -These are the names of places. \ No newline at end of file +Here the author provides background information about Beeroth for the reader. The area of Beeroth was part of the land that belonged to the tribe of Benjamin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Beeroth ... Gittaim + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/04/04.md b/2sa/04/04.md index fce0c30372..2e0d375bf0 100644 --- a/2sa/04/04.md +++ b/2sa/04/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## five years old ## +# General Information: -the age of Jonathan's son at the time of his father's death (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This verse pauses the main story to provide background information about Mephibosheth, a descendent of Saul through Jonathan instead of through Ishbosheth. Mephibosheth will become an important character later in the book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## crippled in his feet ## +# crippled in his feet This phrase means "unable to walk." -## nurse ## +# five years old -a woman or girl who is hired to look after young children. +This was the age of Jonathan's son at the time of his father's death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## became lame ## +# the news about Saul and Jonathan -This indicates that Mephibosheth was further injured so he was unable to walk. +This refers to the news about their death. -## Mephibosheth ## +# nurse -This is the male name of Jonathan's young son, the grandson of Saul (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a woman or girl who is hired to care for young children. + +# became lame + +This explains how Mephibosheth was injured so he was unable to walk. + +# Mephibosheth + +This is the name of Jonathan's young son, the grandson of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/04/05.md b/2sa/04/05.md index 5e8f44fc1f..a25ed1095a 100644 --- a/2sa/04/05.md +++ b/2sa/04/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## the heat of the day ## +# General Information: -The middle of the day, the part of the day when it is the hottest. \ No newline at end of file +The story returns to the actions of Rechab and Baanah who were introduced in [2 Samuel 4:2](./01.md). + +# the heat of the day + +the middle of the day, the part of the day when it is the hottest + +# sifting wheat + +"cleaning chaff from wheat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/04/08.md b/2sa/04/08.md index 818a6aa315..1f76f9c8e5 100644 --- a/2sa/04/08.md +++ b/2sa/04/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## As Yahweh lives ## +# sought your life -This is one of the strongest oaths David could swear, as Yahweh is the witness. AT: "I swear on the life of Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This idiom means "was trying to kill you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# As Yahweh lives + +This is one of the strongest oaths David could swear, as Yahweh is the witness. AT: "I swear on the life of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who delivered my life + +Here "life" refers to David himself. This means that Yahweh has kept David alive. AT: "who rescued me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/04/11.md b/2sa/04/11.md index 4582341ee0..b1a31cfea0 100644 --- a/2sa/04/11.md +++ b/2sa/04/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?" ## +# How much more ... should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth? -These two phrase have similar meaning and are combined for emphasis. Both these phrases are polite ways to say "I will kill you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This question is used to show that the men had committed an especially serious crime. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are even more guilty! It is my duty to require his blood from your hand and to remove you from the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## his blood from your hand ## +# require his blood from your hand -In this phrase "his blood" represents the life of Ishbosheth and "from your hand" represents Rehab and Baanah, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite from [2 Samuel 4:5](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "his blood" represents the life of Ishbosheth. Here "from your hand" represents Rechab and Baanah, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, introduced in [2 Samuel 4:5](./05.md). AT: "hold you responsible for the death of Ishbosheth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cut off their hands and feet and hung them up + +These were symbolic actions to show contempt for the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# they took the head of Ishbosheth and buried it in the grave + +This was a symbolic act to honor Ishbosheth. This could be stated explicitly. AT: "they honored Ishbosheth by burying his head in the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/04/intro.md b/2sa/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89fbc99eca --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Samuel 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +While the end of the civil war occurs in this chapter, David still only reigned over Judah (1-4). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David and Ishbosheth ##### +David never sought revenge against Saul's family. When two men snuck into Ishbosheth's room, cut off his head and brought it to David, David had them killed for killing an innocent man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +When two men brought Ishbosheth's head to David and expected to get a reward for it, David condemned them with the rhetorical question: "should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/01.md b/2sa/05/01.md index c211020513..b3adad4780 100644 --- a/2sa/05/01.md +++ b/2sa/05/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## we are your flesh and bone ## +# we are your flesh and bone -This phrase means "relative." AT:"we are related to you" or "we are of the same family." - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase means "a relative." AT: "we are related to you" or "we are of the same family" - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## In the recent past ## +# In the recent past -This is historical information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +This is historical information. Saul had been their king before David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## you ## +# You will shepherd my people Israel, and you will become ruler over Israel -Here this refers to David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youformal]]) +These two clauses mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh had chosen David to be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## shepherd my people Israel, ...ruler over Israel ## +# You will shepherd my people Israel -These two phrase have similar meanings and are combined here for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here ruling over the people is spoken of as shepherding them. AT: "You will care for my people Israel" or "You will rule over my people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/03.md b/2sa/05/03.md index 202a89696a..dc0af4a45b 100644 --- a/2sa/05/03.md +++ b/2sa/05/03.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -No translation notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# They anointed David king over Israel + +To "anoint" is a symbolic act to show that they recognized that God had chosen David as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/06.md b/2sa/05/06.md index 3c8e480d1b..9e0e47ff03 100644 --- a/2sa/05/06.md +++ b/2sa/05/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -David and the army of Israel go to Jerusalem +# General Information: -## the blind and the lame ## +David and the army of Israel attack Jerusalem. -those people who can not see or walk. \ No newline at end of file +# You will not come here except to be turned away by the blind and the lame + +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "If you come here, even the blind and the lame will be able to turn you away" + +# the blind and the lame + +Here "the blind" and "the lame" are nominal adjectives. AT: "those people who cannot see and those who cannot walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/08.md b/2sa/05/08.md index 0d6d127011..cfd79347d4 100644 --- a/2sa/05/08.md +++ b/2sa/05/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## The Millo ## +# David said, "Those who attack the Jebusites -This is a fortress on a man-made hill. +David was speaking to his soldiers. AT: "David said to his soldiers, 'Those who want to get rid of the Jebus people" -## the lame and the blind ## +# The 'blind and the lame' -This refers to the people inside the city of Jerusalem, the Jebusites.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to people who are truly lame and blind or 2) this is a metonym that speaks about the Jebusites inside the city of Jerusalem as if they were all weak and handicapped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/11.md b/2sa/05/11.md index facfc56404..189d68d31a 100644 --- a/2sa/05/11.md +++ b/2sa/05/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Hiram ## +# Hiram -This is a male name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## carpenters ## +# carpenters those who work with wood -## masons ## +# masons those who work with stone or brick \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/13.md b/2sa/05/13.md index 23a134571a..709f568a7b 100644 --- a/2sa/05/13.md +++ b/2sa/05/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Shammua... Shobab... Nathan... Solomon... Ibhar... Elishua... Nepheg... Japhia... Elishama... Eliada... Eliphelet ## +# Shammua ... Shobab ... Nathan ... Solomon ... Ibhar ... Elishua ... Nepheg ... Japhia ... Elishama ... Eliada ... Eliphelet -These are male names of David's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of David's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# more sons and daughters were born to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he had more sons and daughters" or "they bore him more sons and daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who were born to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that his wives bore for him" or "he had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/17.md b/2sa/05/17.md index af1cf0a91c..56cd34043f 100644 --- a/2sa/05/17.md +++ b/2sa/05/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## they all went out looking for him ## +# David had been anointed as king over Israel -This phrase refers to the Philistines looking for David. It uses exaggeration to show how much the Philistines wanted to find David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Israel had anointed David as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Valley of Rephaim ## +# they all went out looking for him -This is the name of a place.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] ) \ No newline at end of file +Here "all" is a generalization that means the Philistine army. AT: "the Philistine army went looking for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Valley of Rephaim + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/19.md b/2sa/05/19.md index 790804727c..32848cad17 100644 --- a/2sa/05/19.md +++ b/2sa/05/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Baal Perazim ## +# Baal Perazim -This is the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Yahweh has burst through my enemies before me like a bursting flood of water ## +# Yahweh has burst through my enemies before me like a bursting flood of water -Here the victory that Yahweh brings is compared to water overcoming its banks and covering the land and the destruction that causes." AT: "Yahweh had overwhelmed my enemies like a flood overwhelms the land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here David speaks of the victory that Yahweh brought as if it were a flood of water that overflowed its banks and covered the land, causing destruction. AT: "Yahweh has overwhelmed my enemies like a flood overwhelms the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/22.md b/2sa/05/22.md index dd09ff1fbc..4a1e08d78e 100644 --- a/2sa/05/22.md +++ b/2sa/05/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Valley of Rephaim ## +# the Philistines came up again + +They "came up" because the Philistines lived at a lower elevation than David's stronghold. + +# Valley of Rephaim This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## balsam woods ## +# balsam woods -"Balsam" is a type of tree and the "woods" are many such trees growing together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Balsam" is a type of tree, and the "woods" describe many balsam trees growing together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/24.md b/2sa/05/24.md index c96053fa4f..55858b98ff 100644 --- a/2sa/05/24.md +++ b/2sa/05/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Geba and Gezar ## +# When you hear ... Yahweh will have gone out before you to attack the army of the Philistines + +This is the continuation of Yahweh's instruction to David that began in [2 Samuel 5:23](./22.md). Yahweh here speaks of himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# When you hear the sound of marching in the wind blowing through the balsam treetops + +This speaks of the sound of the leaves rustling as wind blows through them as if it were the sound of marching. AT: "When the wind blowing through the tops of the balsam trees sounds like men marching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Geba ... Gezer These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/05/intro.md b/2sa/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..61c53d8f6b --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# 2 Samuel 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This records the beginning of the kingdom's expansion. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David conquers Jerusalem ##### +David brought the combined army to Jerusalem and conquered it by going in through the water shaft. He enlarged the city and strengthened the defenses, and made it his capital. Jerusalem is an important place in the plans of God. + +##### David consulting God ##### +David always consulted God before fighting a battle. The Philistines invaded Israel trying to capture David. David asked God if he should attack the Philistines, and God said yes; so he defeated them. They invaded again and God told him to attack them from the rear and he defeated them again. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/01.md b/2sa/06/01.md index ece59414d4..77f082eb52 100644 --- a/2sa/06/01.md +++ b/2sa/06/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## all the chosen men of Israel ## +# Now -This refers to the army of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This word marks a new part of the story. -## Baalah ## +# all the chosen men of Israel + +This metonym represents the army of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# thirty thousand + +"30,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# from Baalah in Judah to bring up from there the ark of God + +It is implied that they are taking the ark to Jerusalem. AT: "from Baalah in Judah to take to Jerusalem the ark of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to bring up from there the ark of God + +Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it. + +# to bring up + +The word "bring" can be translated as "take." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# Baalah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## enthroned ## +# which is called by the name of Yahweh of hosts -to sit on a throne or a place of authority. +Yahweh's name was written on the ark. -## who sits enthroned over the cherubim ## +# who sits enthroned over the cherubim -AT: "who sits in his place of authority between the cherubim" \ No newline at end of file +You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. AT: "who sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# enthroned + +to sit on a throne \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/03.md b/2sa/06/03.md index 69dff13c12..2c13aff34f 100644 --- a/2sa/06/03.md +++ b/2sa/06/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -David and the army of the nation of Israel move the Ark of the Covenant +# General Information: -## Abinadab.. Uzzah... Ahio ## +David and the army of the nation of Israel move the ark of the covenant. -These are male names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Abinadab ... Uzzah ... Ahio -## house of Israel ## +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# all the house of Israel -## tambourines, rattles, and cymbals ## +This metonym represents the people of Israel. AT: "all the other Israelites with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -these are musical instruments \ No newline at end of file +# tambourines + +A tambourine is a musical instrument like the head of a drum with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken or hit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# rattles + +musical instruments with many small, hard objects inside a hard shell, making rhythmic noise when shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# cymbals + +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/06.md b/2sa/06/06.md index c11f7615b8..4a34baab29 100644 --- a/2sa/06/06.md +++ b/2sa/06/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Nacon ## +# Nakon -This is the male name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## anger of Yahweh burned ## +# anger of Yahweh burned -Here the "anger of Yahweh" is spoken of as it it were fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the "anger of Yahweh" is spoken of as if it were fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for his sin + +It was a sin for Uzzah to touch the ark because Yahweh had commanded that no one should touch the ark. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/08.md b/2sa/06/08.md index 880030b269..db9355b964 100644 --- a/2sa/06/08.md +++ b/2sa/06/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Perez Uzzah ## +# Perez Uzzah -This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place. Translator may add a footnote that says, "The name 'Perez Uzzah' means 'the punishment of Uzzah.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to this day + +This means to the time when this was being written, not to the present time in the twenty-first century. + +# How can the ark of Yahweh come to me? + +David uses this question to emphasize that he is afraid to take the ark to Jerusalem. AT: "I am too afraid to bring the ark of Yahweh with me to Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/10.md b/2sa/06/10.md index 1989aa4db9..2c762287f3 100644 --- a/2sa/06/10.md +++ b/2sa/06/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Obed Edom the Gittite ## +# Obed Edom the Gittite -This is the male name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# blessed him + +Here "him" refers to Obed Edom the Gittite. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/12.md b/2sa/06/12.md index 205b3a16f8..d597d1ca0f 100644 --- a/2sa/06/12.md +++ b/2sa/06/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## brought up the ark of God ## +# Now -The route was upward to the highest place of that region. AT: "Moved the ark of God" \ No newline at end of file +This word starts a new part of the story. + +# King David was told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people told King David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Obed Edom's house + +Here "house" represents a family. AT: "Obed Edom and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# brought up the ark of God + +Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it. AT: "moved the ark of God" or "took the ark of God." + +# brought up + +The word "brought" can be translated as "took." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/14.md b/2sa/06/14.md index 52b4ed648c..1ba0985ec6 100644 --- a/2sa/06/14.md +++ b/2sa/06/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## David danced before Yahweh with all his might ## +# David danced before Yahweh with all his might -Dancing here is a form of worship of Yahweh. +Dancing here is a form of joyfully worshiping Yahweh. -## linen ## +# linen a cloth made from fibers of the flax plant -## all the house of Israel ## +# all the house of Israel -There were only 30,000 men with David, the whole nation is not with him. Here this smaller group represents the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "house" represents the people of Israel. AT: "all the other Israelites with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/16.md b/2sa/06/16.md index 60ad2f8c09..ea7f518df7 100644 --- a/2sa/06/16.md +++ b/2sa/06/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Michal ## +# Now ... in her heart -This is the female name of David's wife (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The word "Now" marks a break in the storyline. Here the narrator gives information about Michal. -## despised him in her heart ## +# Michal -Michal did not share David's joy over the arrival of the ark of the covenant in Jerusalem. AT: "didn't agree with him" or "she disliked his joy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Michal was the daughter of King Saul and also David's first wife. See how you translated this name in [2 Samuel 3:13](../03/12.md). -## her heart ## +# she despised him in her heart -The word "heart" here represents Michal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" represents thoughts or emotions. AT: "she looked at him with disdain" or "she sneered at him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# before Yahweh + +"to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/18.md b/2sa/06/18.md index 2013fb3c2f..59003e68a7 100644 --- a/2sa/06/18.md +++ b/2sa/06/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the whole multitude of Israel, both to men and women ## +# he blessed the people in the name of Yahweh of hosts -"Israel" here is a shortened name for nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +To bless "in the name of Yahweh of hosts" means to bless with Yahweh's power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## cake of raisins ## +# cake of raisins -a baked sweetbread made with dried grapes. \ No newline at end of file +a baked sweet bread made with dried grapes \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/20.md b/2sa/06/20.md index 7b9498093f..7374756643 100644 --- a/2sa/06/20.md +++ b/2sa/06/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Michal ## +# came out -This is the female name of David's wife (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## undresses himself before the eyes of the slave girls ## +# How honored the king of Israel was today -Michal is rebuking David. David has only been wearing a linen ephod, in dancing he has apparently exposed his private parts to those around him. +This is an ironic statement. Michal means the opposite of what she said, and she does not believe David acted honorably. Michal speaks disrespectfully to King David about his dancing attire and behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## eyes of the slave girls ## +# before the eyes of the slave girls -Here "eyes" represent the perception of the slave girls. AT: "in front of the slave girls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "eyes of the slave girls" represents the slave girls. AT: "in front of the slave girls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## crude fellows ## +# crude fellows -David is being compared to a common and unrefined person. \ No newline at end of file +Michal is comparing David to vulgar and foolish men. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/21.md b/2sa/06/21.md index 0d973b16b5..aa10bb35e2 100644 --- a/2sa/06/21.md +++ b/2sa/06/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## who chose me above your father ## +# who chose me above your father -Here the "your" refers Michal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here "your" refers to Michal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## the people of Yahweh, over Israel ## +# over the people of Yahweh, over Israel -These refer to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "the people of Yahweh" and "Israel" mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## had no children to the day of her death ## +# I will be even more undignified than this -Michal had no children to the day of her death because she mocked her husband, God's anointed one, when he was giving praise and honor to God. AT: “Michal, the daughter of Saul, was barren, and could not bear children, until the day of her death.” ​ \ No newline at end of file +David is being ironic and means the opposite of what he said. He does not believe what he did was actually undignified or that his actions in the future will be undignified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# I will be humiliated in my own eyes + +Here "in my own eyes" represents what a person considers or thinks about something. AT: "I will consider myself humiliated" or "I will consider myself a fool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But by these slave girls you have spoken about, I will be honored + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But the slave girls of whom you have spoken will honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# had no children to the day of her death + +"was never able to bear any children" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/06/intro.md b/2sa/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0f50e0c6e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# 2 Samuel 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Bringing the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem ##### +David organized a procession with many musical instruments to bring the ark to Jerusalem. They put it on a cart; but when the oxen stumbled, Uzzah reached out to steady it so it would not fall. God killed him for touching the ark. David was angry at God for killing Uzzah and was afraid to bring the ark any further. Uzzah died because the ark was perfectly holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +##### Dancing ##### +David danced for joy in front of the ark. His wife, Michal, criticized David for uncovering himself as he danced, but David did not care. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/joy]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Irony ##### +Michal criticized David by using irony: "How honored the king of Israel was today, who undressed himself today before the eyes of the slave girls among his servants, like one of the crude fellows who shamelessly undresses himself!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/01.md b/2sa/07/01.md index 7c65360eda..88e11c515a 100644 --- a/2sa/07/01.md +++ b/2sa/07/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## I am living in a house of cedar ## +# It happened -Cedar is a kind of tree that is known for its strength. AT: "I am living in a strong, permanent house." +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## the ark of God is staying in the middle of a tent ## +# given him rest from all his surrounding enemies -Tents are temporary dwellings. AT: "the ark of God is staying in a temporary place." \ No newline at end of file +"given him safety from all his surrounding enemies." Here "rest" is an abstract noun. AT: "caused the enemy people groups to stop attacking Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I am living in a house of cedar + +Cedar is a kind of tree that is known for its strength. If you have an equivalent type of tree in your culture, you can use that name, otherwise you can reword this. AT: "I am living in a strong, permanent house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the ark of God is staying in the middle of a tent + +Tents are temporary dwellings. If you do not have tents in your culture, you can word this differently. AT: "the ark of God is staying in a temporary place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/03.md b/2sa/07/03.md index 062a043853..ff23de27fd 100644 --- a/2sa/07/03.md +++ b/2sa/07/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## do what is in your heart ## +# do what is in your heart -The word "heart" here refers to David's desire. AT: "do what you think you should." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "heart" represents the mind. AT: "do what you think you should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Will you build me a house in which to live? ## +# for Yahweh is with you -Yahweh is almighty and obviously does not need a house to live in, he is scolding David here. AT: "I don't need your to build me a house." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "with you" means God is helping and blessing David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came to Nathan, saying, + +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Nathan. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Nathan:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# saying, "Go and tell David my servant, 'This is what Yahweh says: Will you build me a house in which to live? + +This has quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate them as indirect quotation. AT: "saying, 'Go and ask David if he thinks that he will be the one to build a house in which I will live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Will you build me a house in which to live? + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that David is not the one to build a house for Yahweh. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You will not build a house for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# build me a house + +Here "house" means a temple. In 7:11 Yahweh will say that he will build a house for David. There "house" means a family. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/06.md b/2sa/07/06.md index c1c58c0fc4..a0715954a6 100644 --- a/2sa/07/06.md +++ b/2sa/07/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues to rebuke David through Nathan. +# did I ever say anything to any of Israel's leaders whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, saying, "Why have you not built me a house of cedar?" -## did I ever say anything to any of Israel's leaders whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, saying, "Why have you not built me a house of cedar? ## +This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "did I ever ask any of Israel's leaders, whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, why they had not built me a house of cedar?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -Yahweh is rebuking David for wanting to build a house for him. AT: "I never asked Israel's leaders to build me a permanent house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# did I ever say anything to any of Israel's leaders + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he never asked any of Israel's leaders to build him a house. AT: "I never said anything to any of Israel's leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel + +Those who are leaders of the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people were sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why have you not built me a house of cedar? + +If Yahweh had asked the leaders this question, he would have been using a question to scold them for not building him a house of cedar. But, Yahweh said previously that he did not ask them this question. AT: "You should have built me a house of cedar." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/08.md b/2sa/07/08.md index d853e34ec7..c9cd303030 100644 --- a/2sa/07/08.md +++ b/2sa/07/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -Yahweh describes his promises to King David through the prophet, Nathan. +# General Information: -## my people Israel ## +Yahweh describes his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan. -This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Now -## and have cut off all your enemies ## +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -Here the phrase "cut off" means " have killed" AT: "I have killed your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +# tell my servant David, "This is what Yahweh of hosts says: 'I took you ... your name great, like the names of the great ones of the earth. -## like the name of the great ones who are on the earth ## +This has quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UDB. AT: "tell my servant David that I took him ... his name great, like the names of the great ones of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# tell my servant David + +Yahweh is still telling the prophet Nathan what he should tell David. + +# I took you from the pasture + +David's job as a shepherd is referred to by the place he watched his sheep. AT: "I took you from your job as a shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have been with you + +Here "with you" means that Yahweh has helped and blessed David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I have cut off all your enemies + +Yahweh destroying David's enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh cut them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# make your name great + +Here "name" represents a person's reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the great ones The phrase "great ones" means famous persons. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/10.md b/2sa/07/10.md index 0851b089bb..60d97d5c5a 100644 --- a/2sa/07/10.md +++ b/2sa/07/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,39 @@ -Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet, Nathan. +# General Information: -## appoint a place for my people Israel and will plant them there ## +Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan. -These two clauses have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# I will appoint a place -## I will make you a house ## +"I will choose a place" -Here the word "house" refers to David's ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. AT: "I will make you and your descendants the rulers of the nation of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# will plant them there + +Yahweh causing the people to live in the land permanently and securely is spoken of as if he would plant them in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be troubled no more + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will ever trouble them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the days + +"from the time" + +# I commanded judges + +After the people of Israel entered the land of Canaan and before they had kings to rule them, God appointed leaders called "judges" to lead them in times of trouble. + +# to be over my people Israel + +To be in authority is referred to as being over someone. AT: "to rule my people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Now I will give you rest from all your enemies ... declare to you that I will make you a house + +If in [2 Samuel 7:8-9](./08.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate "you" as "him" or "his." AT: "Now I will give him rest from all his enemies ... declare to him that I will make him a house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# I will give you rest from all your enemies + +"I will give you safety from all your enemies." Here "rest" is an abstract noun. AT: "I will make all your enemies stop attacking you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will make you a house + +Here the metonym "house" refers to David's ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In [2 Samuel 7:4](./03.md) Yahweh asked David if he would be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There "house" represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/12.md b/2sa/07/12.md index 2c6c5518b6..4ea526acd9 100644 --- a/2sa/07/12.md +++ b/2sa/07/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet, Nathan. +# General Information: -## When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers ## +Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan. -These two clauses have similar meaning and are combined for emphasis. They are both a polite way to refer to death and dying. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +# When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers -## a house for my name ## +These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. They both are polite ways to refer to death and dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -Here "name" refers to Yahweh. AT: "a permanent dwelling for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# I will raise up a descendant after you -## I will be a father to him, and he will be my son ## +Yahweh appointing David's descendant is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift him up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -God will be like a father to David's prophesied son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# one who will come out from your body + +This is an idiom that means the person will be David's descendant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will establish his kingdom + +Here "his kingdom" represents his power to rule. AT: "I will make him to be a very powerful king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a house for my name + +Here "name" refers to Yahweh. AT: "a permanent dwelling for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever + +Here "throne" represents the person's power to rule as king. AT: "I will make his rule over Israel to last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will be a father to him, and he will be my son + +The prophecy in 7:12-14 refers to Solomon, David's son. But, aspects of the prophecy will be fulfilled by Jesus. So, here it is best to translate the words "father" and "son" with your normal words for a biological father and son. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/15.md b/2sa/07/15.md index 686d50c8a8..e600337d3d 100644 --- a/2sa/07/15.md +++ b/2sa/07/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh finishes describing his promises to King David through the prophet, Nathan. +# General Information: -## But my covenant faithfulness will not leave him ## +Yahweh finishes describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan. -Here "will not leave" uses to two negative statements to make a positive statement. AT: "my covenant faithfulness will remain with him."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +# But my covenant faithfulness will not leave him, as I took it from Saul -## Your house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you. Your throne will be established forever. ## +The word "faithfulness" is an abstract noun that can be stated as "faithfully loving." AT: "I will never stop faithfully loving him as I stopped loving Saul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# from before you. Your house ... before you. Your throne + +If in [2 Samuel 7:8-9](./08.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate "you" as "David" or "him" or "his" as in the UDB. AT: "from before David. David's house ... before him. His throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Your house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you. Your throne will be established forever. + +These two sentences have similar meanings and emphasize that David's dynasty will last forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Your house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you + +Here the word "house" represents David's descendants, who will rule as kings. Here "kingdom" means about the same thing as "house." This can also be stated in active form. AT: "You will live to see me establish your family and their rule over the people of Israel forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Your throne will be established forever + +Here "throne" represents the power to rule as king. AT: "I will cause your descendants to rule over Israel forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all these words + +"all these things." This refers to what Yahweh had said. + +# he told him about the entire vision + +"he told him about everything Yahweh revealed to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/18.md b/2sa/07/18.md index 7217d15fdf..7662d09e5e 100644 --- a/2sa/07/18.md +++ b/2sa/07/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family that you have brought me to this point? ## +# Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family that you have brought me to this point? -David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh's proclamation. AT: "I and my family are not worthy of this honor Yahweh God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh's proclamation. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## this was a small thing in your sight ## +# in your sight -Here the word "sight" stands for Yahweh. AT: "this was an easy thing for Yahweh to do". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## What more can I, David, say to you? ## +# your servant's family -David continue to express deep emotion. AT: "There is nothing more I can say to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here David refers to himself as "your servant." This can be stated in first person. AT: "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## you ## +# for a great while to come -All of the occurrences of these words refer only to Yahweh/God since David is directly addressing Yahweh/God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks about time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. AT: "and what will happen to them in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What more can I, David, say to you? + +David uses this question to emphasize that he has nothing left to say to Yahweh. AT: "There is nothing more I can say to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your servant + +Here David refers to himself as "your servant." This can be stated in first person. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/21.md b/2sa/07/21.md index f22e8761cf..f2054e2971 100644 --- a/2sa/07/21.md +++ b/2sa/07/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## And what nation is like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself? ## +# For your word's sake -This question is asked to encourage the audience to think deeply about something they already know. AT: "There is no nation like your people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"Because of what you promised to do" -## just as we have always heard ## +# to fulfill your own purpose -Here the "we" is referring to David and the nation of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +"to accomplish what you planned to do" + +# to your servant + +David refers to himself as "your servant." It can be stated in first person. AT: "to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# as we have heard with our own ears + +The phrase "with our own ears" is used for emphasis. AT: "as we ourselves have heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# as we have heard + +Here "we" refers to David and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# What nation is like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself? + +David uses a question emphasize that there is no other nation like Israel. AT: "There is no nation like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to make a name for yourself + +Here "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. AT: "to make all people know who you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for your land + +Here "land" represents the people. AT: "for your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You drove out nations + +Here "nations" represents the people groups that were living in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/24.md b/2sa/07/24.md index ff6b93063a..50904c4da7 100644 --- a/2sa/07/24.md +++ b/2sa/07/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -David continues to talk to Yahweh +# General Information: -## the promise that you made ## +David continues to talk to Yahweh. -the covenant that was made with David and Israel before him by God +# So now -## your servant and his family ## +Here "now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -This refers to David and the the nation Israel that made David their king (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# may the promise that you made concerning your servant and his family be established forever -## the people ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may you do what you promised to me and my family, and may your promise never change" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# your servant and his family + +David is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. AT: "me and my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# May your name be forever great + +Here "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of me, David, your servant + +Here "house" represents family. AT: "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is established before you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "is secure because of you" or "continues because of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/27.md b/2sa/07/27.md index 84811dedc1..fbce19aed4 100644 --- a/2sa/07/27.md +++ b/2sa/07/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## that you will build him a house ## +# to your servant that you will build him a house -This is speaking of establishing David's descendants as the rulers of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +David refers to himself as "your servant." AT: "to me that you will build me a house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## will be blessed forever ## +# that you will build him a house -This means that David's descendants will be always be blessed . \ No newline at end of file +Here the metonym "house" refers to David's ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In [2 Samuel 7:4](./03.md) Yahweh asked David if he would be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There "house" represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# your words are trustworthy + +"I trust what you say" + +# with your blessing your servant's house will be blessed forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will continue to bless my family forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your servant's house + +Here David refers to himself as "your servant." AT: "my house" or "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# house + +Here "house" represents David's family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/07/intro.md b/2sa/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cc690dc623 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 2 Samuel 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the finishing of a small interruption about the house of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +David wanted to honor God by building him a temple. God told David that he would not build it, but his son would build it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +##### Covenant of David ##### +God made a covenant with David that was not conditioned upon anything David or his descendants did. God promised that one of David's descendants would rule Israel forever. Because Israel would not have a king in the future, this promise did not begin at this time. The descendant, who would rule forever, is Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forever]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/01.md b/2sa/08/01.md index 202a89696a..568bb360a0 100644 --- a/2sa/08/01.md +++ b/2sa/08/01.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -No translation notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# David attacked + +Here David represents his soldiers. AT: "David and his soldiers attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/02.md b/2sa/08/02.md index eaf146c047..97ffb7f4c7 100644 --- a/2sa/08/02.md +++ b/2sa/08/02.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## He measured off two lines to put to death, and one full line to keep alive ## +# Then he defeated -Here the "line" is a "rope." David has the soldiers lie down on the ground to be measured and sorted into groups. \ No newline at end of file +Here "he" refers to David who represents his soldiers. AT: "Then they defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# measured their men with a line ... He measured off two lines to put to death, and one full line to keep alive + +Here the "line" is a "rope." David had the soldiers lie down on the ground to be measured and sorted into three groups. The men in two groups were killed, and in the third, they were allowed to live. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/03.md b/2sa/08/03.md index 9976b7677f..3f968fe5cb 100644 --- a/2sa/08/03.md +++ b/2sa/08/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## Hadadezer... Rehab ## +# David then defeated Hadadezer -These are the male names of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here both "David" and "Hadadezer" represent their armies. AT: "David and his army then defeated the army of Hadadezer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Zobah ## +# Hadadezer ... Rehob -This is the name of a place. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## reserved enough ## +# Zobah -AT: "set aside enough" or "spared enough" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a region in Aram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to recover his rule + +"to regain control over a region" or "to recapture a region" + +# 1,700 chariots + +"one thousand seven hundred chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# twenty thousand footmen + +"20,000 footmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# David hamstrung + +This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run. + +# reserved enough + +"set aside enough" or "saved enough" + +# a hundred chariots + +"100 chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/05.md b/2sa/08/05.md index 65c6f3b64a..6b0391b188 100644 --- a/2sa/08/05.md +++ b/2sa/08/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## twenty-two thousand men ## +# David killed -two thousand men** - 22,000: the number of the number of men killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here David represents his soldiers. AT: "David and his soldiers killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# twenty-two thousand Aramean men + +"22,000 Aramean men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# put garrisons in Aram + +"ordered large groups of his soldiers to remain in Aram" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/07.md b/2sa/08/07.md index d6e28a1f19..3f79d4e2ed 100644 --- a/2sa/08/07.md +++ b/2sa/08/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## golden shields ## +# David took ... King David took -These could be small circular shields or quivers for arrows or a case for bows. +Here David represents his soldiers. AT: "David's soldiers took ... King David's soldiers took" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Betah and Berothai ## +# Tebah and Berothai These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/09.md b/2sa/08/09.md index 31e5a81f66..08a8f78c16 100644 --- a/2sa/08/09.md +++ b/2sa/08/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Toi... Hadoram ## +# Tou ... Hadoram These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hamath ## +# Hamath -This is the name of a place. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# David had defeated + +Here "David" represents his army. AT: "David's army had defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/11.md b/2sa/08/11.md index 64d660fae3..831e97b0ab 100644 --- a/2sa/08/11.md +++ b/2sa/08/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Zobah ## +# Amalek -This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the Amalekites" + +# the plundered goods + +These are the valuable items that soldiers take from the people they defeated. + +# Hadadezer son of Rehob, the king of Zobah + +See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 8:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/13.md b/2sa/08/13.md index 677d196cc5..0381c50e4d 100644 --- a/2sa/08/13.md +++ b/2sa/08/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## David's name was well known ## +# David's name was well known -Here "name" refers to David's reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "name" refers to David's reputation. This can be stated in active form. AT: "David was very famous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Valley of Salt ## +# Valley of Salt -This is the name of place. It's exact location is unknown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a place. Its exact location is unknown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## garrisons ## +# eighteen thousand men -camps of soldiers. \ No newline at end of file +"18,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He placed garrisons throughout all of Edom + +"He ordered groups of his soldiers to remain in areas throughout all of Edom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/15.md b/2sa/08/15.md index 4a359130e9..63eb78be7b 100644 --- a/2sa/08/15.md +++ b/2sa/08/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## David reigned over all Israel ## +# Joab son of Zeruiah -Here "Israel" implies the whole nation of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/12.md). -## righteousness to all his people ## +# Ahilud ... Ahitub ... Ahimelech ... Seraiah ... Jehoiada -Here "all his people" refers to the whole nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Zeruiah... Ahilud... Ahitub... Ahimelech... Seraiah... Jehoiada ## +# Ahilud was recorder -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +A recorder was a person who spoke to the people and told them the king's announcements. AT: "Ahilud was the herald" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Kerethites... Pelethites ## +# Kerethites ... Pelethites -These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of people-groups. These people were David's bodyguards. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/08/intro.md b/2sa/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8c70b7c16b --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Samuel 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter returns to the theme of the expansion of David's kingdom. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God enabled victory ##### +God enabled David to conquer all the surrounding nations. Much of the loot and tribute David received, he saved for the temple that his son would build. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/09/01.md b/2sa/09/01.md index 730132cc8a..ca2318aeed 100644 --- a/2sa/09/01.md +++ b/2sa/09/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Ziba ## +# for Jonathan's sake -This is a male name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"because of my love for Jonathan" + +# Jonathan's sake + +Jonathan was Saul's son and David's best friend. + +# Ziba + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I am your servant + +Ziba calls himself "your servant" to show great respect to David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/09/03.md b/2sa/09/03.md index 180f803e31..eae6ffea18 100644 --- a/2sa/09/03.md +++ b/2sa/09/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## lame in his feet ## +# I may show the kindness of God -The word "feet" here refers to the ability to walk. AT: "he is unable to walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The abstract noun "kindness" can be stated as "kind." AT: "I may be kind as I promised God I would be" -## Machir... Ammiel ## +# who is lame in his feet -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"whose feet are damaged." The word "feet" here refers to the ability to walk. AT: "who is unable to walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Lo Debar ## +# Machir ... Ammiel -This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Lo Debar + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/09/05.md b/2sa/09/05.md index b52d5731f0..364ba22dfc 100644 --- a/2sa/09/05.md +++ b/2sa/09/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Mephibosheth ## +# King David sent -Translate this as you did in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). \ No newline at end of file +It is understood that David sent messengers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Mephibosheth + +See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). + +# came to David + +The word "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# I am your servant + +Mephibosheth refers to himself as "your servant" to show great honor to David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/09/07.md b/2sa/09/07.md index fff7e530b2..317b07536f 100644 --- a/2sa/09/07.md +++ b/2sa/09/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## you will always eat at my table ## +# for Jonathan your father's sake -Here the "my table" refers to being together with or in David's presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"because I loved your father, Jonathan" -## What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am? ## +# you will always eat at my table -This question is asked to show Mephibosheth understands his place. AT: "I am of no importance at all." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "my table" represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. AT: "you will always eat with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## such a dead dog ## +# What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am? -Here the Mephibosheth represents the line of Saul, and compares himself to a "dead dog." Dogs were all feral and while alive were of little importance and were not directly cared for. So, a dead dog would have even less importance. AT: "I am like a dead dog" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question shows that Mephibosheth understands that he is not important enough for the king to take care of him. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am like a dead dog. I do not deserve for you to be kind to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# such a dead dog + +Here Mephibosheth represents the line of Saul, and he compares himself to a "dead dog." Dogs were feral animals, not cared for, and of little importance. A dead dog would be considered even less important. AT: "such a person like me who is worthless as a dead dog" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/09/09.md b/2sa/09/09.md index 4f53d167f1..96a2509b5d 100644 --- a/2sa/09/09.md +++ b/2sa/09/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## will always eat at my table ## +# must always eat at my table -The phrase "my table" refers to remaining in David's household as his guest. AT: "will continue to remain with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "my table" represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. AT: "must always eat with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Now Ziba ... servants + +Here "now" makes a break in the main storyline. The narrator gives background information about Ziba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# fifteen sons and twenty servants + +"15 sons and 20 servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/09/11.md b/2sa/09/11.md index 4d1200ba51..fbc5e71b00 100644 --- a/2sa/09/11.md +++ b/2sa/09/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Mica ## +# Your servant will do all that my master the king commands his servant -This is a male name, the son of Mephibosheth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Ziba refers to himself as "your servant" and refers to David as "my master." AT: "I, your servant will do all that you, my king, command me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Mika + +This is the name of the son of Mephibosheth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# All who lived in the house of Ziba + +Here "house" represents Ziba's family. AT: "All of Ziba's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he always ate at the king's table + +Here "table" represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. AT: "he always ate with the king at his table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# though he was lame in both his feet + +"thouge both of his feet were damaged." Here "feet" represents the ability to walk. AT: "though he was unable to walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/09/intro.md b/2sa/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a3634ed169 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Samuel 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is another interruption to the story of David expanding his kingdom. David is concerned with fulfilling his oath to Jonathan's descendants. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's vow ##### +David determined to fulfill his vow to Jonathan to care for Jonathan's descendants. He found Jonathan's son and told him he would treat him as if he was one of his sons. He restored all of Saul's property to him and had him eat every day at the king's table. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical question and metaphor ##### +Jonathan's son expressed his surprise and feeling of unworthiness with a rhetorical question: "What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?" and by a metaphor comparing himself to "a dead dog." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/01.md b/2sa/10/01.md index 0a7be40b2d..4bccb8d759 100644 --- a/2sa/10/01.md +++ b/2sa/10/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Hanun... Nahash ## +# Hanun ... Nahash These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Do you really think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you? ## +# Do you really think that ... you? -This question is indicating strong doubt with regard to David's intentions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The leaders use a question to suggest to the king that he should not trust David. AT: "You are wrong to think that ... you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Has not David sent his servants to you to look at the city, to spy it out, in order to overthrow it ## +# to spy -This question is indicating strong doubt that David is not spying on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +to secretly learn information about someone else + +# Has not David ... overthrow it? + +The leaders use a question to suggest to the king that he should not trust David. AT: "You need to know that David ... overthrow it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# in order to overthrow it + +Here "it" refers to the city which represents the people who live there. AT: "in order to conquer us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the city + +Here "the city" refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/04.md b/2sa/10/04.md index 887592efcd..bc6f7c5a81 100644 --- a/2sa/10/04.md +++ b/2sa/10/04.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# shaved off half their beards + +This act was meant as an insult to humiliate the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# were deeply ashamed + +Here "deeply" is an idiom that means "very." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# then return + +It is understood that they should return to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/06.md b/2sa/10/06.md index 61e8bd641e..f66ed029c2 100644 --- a/2sa/10/06.md +++ b/2sa/10/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## they had become a stench to David ## +# they had become a stench to David -The phrase "become a stench" is used to say "they had become offensive." AT: "they had become offensive like a bad smell to David." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The phrase "become a stench" is a metaphor for "they had become offensive." AT: "they had become offensive like a bad smell to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Beth Rehab... Zobah... Mach... Tob ## +# Beth Rehob ... Zobah ... Maacah ... Tob -These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twenty thousand ... a thousand ... twelve thousand + +"20,000 ... 1,000 ... 12,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to their city gate + +Here "the city" refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/09.md b/2sa/10/09.md index 7dab784158..811c93607e 100644 --- a/2sa/10/09.md +++ b/2sa/10/09.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -The battle with the Aramaens and Ammon continues. +# General Information: -## Israel's ## +The battle with the Arameans and Ammon continues. -This refers to the army of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# As for the rest of the army, he gave it into the command of Abishai his brother + +"He put Abishai his brother in charge of the rest of the army" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/11.md b/2sa/10/11.md index e1f350f425..7b101a3dba 100644 --- a/2sa/10/11.md +++ b/2sa/10/11.md @@ -1,2 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Joab gets the army ready for battle. -No translation notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file + +# for me, then you, Abishai, must rescue me + +Here "me" refers to Joab. Joab and Abishai represents themselves and their armies. AT: "for us, then you, Abishai, and your army must rescue us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/13.md b/2sa/10/13.md index 43b31748d0..b7b9f56ee1 100644 --- a/2sa/10/13.md +++ b/2sa/10/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## and went back to Jerusalem ## +# from Abishai -AT: "and returned to Jerusalem". \ No newline at end of file +Here Abishai represents himself and his soldiers. AT: "from Abishai and his soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# into the city + +Here "the city" refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites. + +# went back to Jerusalem + +"returned to Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/15.md b/2sa/10/15.md index 39aa54d39f..c254cdd1a0 100644 --- a/2sa/10/15.md +++ b/2sa/10/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Arameans ## +# When the Arameans saw that they were being defeated by Israel -This is the name of a people-group (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the Arameans realized that the Israelites were defeating them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Hadarezer... Shobach ## +# Hadarezer ... Shobak -These are the names of men. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Helam ## +# from beyond the Euphrates River -This is the name of a place. +This means the east side of the Euphrates River. -## at their head ## +# They came to Helam -This phrase refers to a position of authority. AT: "leading them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "came to" can be translated as "went to" or "gathered at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# Helam + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# at their head + +This phrase refers to a position of authority. AT: "leading them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/17.md b/2sa/10/17.md index cacddc8131..a0ef5976b1 100644 --- a/2sa/10/17.md +++ b/2sa/10/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## gathered all Israel together ## +# When David was told this -Only the army of the nation of Israel was assembled. This is not every person in the nation of Israel that was assembled. AT: "assembled the rest of the army of Israel together." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When David heard about this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Helam... Ammon ## +# gathered all Israel together -These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here "Israel" represents the army of Israel. AT: "assembled all the army of Israel together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Shobach, Hadarezer ## +# Helam -These are male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 10:16](./15.md). + +# against David and fought him + +Here David represents himself and his soldiers. AT: "against David and his soldiers and fought them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# David killed + +Here David represents himself and his soldiers. AT: "David and his soldiers killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# seven hundred ... forty thousand + +"700 ... 40,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Shobak the commander of their army was wounded and died there + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Israelites wounded Shobak the commander of the Aramean army, and he died there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Shobak ... Hadarezer + +See how you translated these men's names in [2 Samuel 10:16](./15.md). + +# saw that they were defeated by Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "realized that the Israelites had defeated them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/10/intro.md b/2sa/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8213b7ea19 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Samuel 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The chapter records the last expansion of David's kingdom. This chapter is also the beginning of a section dealing with the war between Israel and Ammon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Shame ##### +It was apparently the cause of shame or embarrassment in ancient Ammon to have their beards shaved off or to have their garments cut off. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +The Ammon people used a metaphor comparing themselves to a bad smell: "they had become a stench to David" when they realized they had made David very angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/01.md b/2sa/11/01.md index 285e9da41a..4977b50725 100644 --- a/2sa/11/01.md +++ b/2sa/11/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## It came about in the springtime ## +# It came about in the springtime -or "It happened in the springtime" or "It came to pass in the springtime" \ No newline at end of file +"It happened in the springtime." This introduces a new event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# at the time + +"at the time of year" + +# David sent out Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel + +David sent them out to war. This can be stated clearly. Also, the word "his" refers to David. AT: "David sent Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel to war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the army of Ammon + +"the Ammonite army" + +# Rabbah + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/02.md b/2sa/11/02.md index e457b5f1da..c300b4293a 100644 --- a/2sa/11/02.md +++ b/2sa/11/02.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## So it came about ## +# So it came about -"So it happened" or "So it came to pass" +"So it happened" or "So it came to pass." The author uses this phrase to introduce the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Is not this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, and is she not the wife of Uriah the Hittite? ## +# a woman who was bathing -This question is stating a fact. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The woman was not on the roof, she would have been bathing outside in the courtyard of her house. AT: "a woman who was bathing in the courtyard of her house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# So David sent + +Here the word "sent" means that David sent a messenger. AT: "So David sent a messenger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he asked people who would know about the woman + +David was trying to find out who the woman was. The word "he" refers to David, but is a metonym for the messenger that David sent. The messenger was to ask the people for information about her. AT: "the messenger asked the people who knew her about who she was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Is not this Bathsheba ... and is she not the wife of Uriah the Hittite + +This question gives information and can be written as a statement. AT: "This is Bathsheba ... and she is the wife of Uriah the Hittite." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/04.md b/2sa/11/04.md index d559259308..503728462d 100644 --- a/2sa/11/04.md +++ b/2sa/11/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## menstruation ## +# took her -a woman's monthly period \ No newline at end of file +"and he took her." Here it says that David took the woman, but it was actually the messengers whom he sent that took her and brought her to him. AT: "they brought her to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# she came in to him, and he slept with her + +The phrase "she came in to him" is a graphic description of David having sex with the woman. These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that they slept together. AT: "he slept with her" or "he had sex with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# menstruation + +a woman's monthly period + +# she sent and told David; she said, "I am pregnant." + +Here the word "sent" means that she sent a messenger. She sent him to tell David that she was pregnant. AT: "she sent a messenger to David to tell him that she was pregnant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/06.md b/2sa/11/06.md index 8b8002bdc1..a0e8b617ac 100644 --- a/2sa/11/06.md +++ b/2sa/11/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Go down to your house, and wash your feet ## +# Then David sent -"Wash your feet" expresses returning home to rest for the night after working all day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "sent" means that David sent a messenger. AT: "Then David sent a messenger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# how Joab was, how the army was doing, and how the war was going + +David was asking if Joab and the army were well and about the progress of the war. AT: "if Joab was well, if other soldiers were well, and how the war was progressing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Go down to your house + +Possible meanings for the phrase "go down" are 1) Uriah's house was located at a lower elevation than the king's palace or 2) Uriah's house was of lesser importance than the king's palace. AT: "Go to your house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# wash your feet + +This phrase is a metonym for returning home to rest for the night after working all day. AT: "rest for the night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the king sent a gift for Uriah + +David sent someone to bring the gift to Uriah. This can be stated clearly. AT: "the king sent someone to take a gift to Uriah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/09.md b/2sa/11/09.md index fe4c383167..3c9f9556c4 100644 --- a/2sa/11/09.md +++ b/2sa/11/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Have you not come from a journey? ## +# his master -David is seeking to convince Uriah to go home (to his wife). Both David and Uriah knew that Uriah had just come from a journey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The word "his" refers to Uriah and the word "master" refers to David. -## How then can I go into my house to eat and to drink and to sleep with my wife? ## +# Have you not come from a journey? Why did you not go down to your house? -Uriah asks this question because he felt it would not be right or respectful for him as a soldier to go home when the army is in danger. +This rhetorical question is used to show David's surprise that Uriah did not visit his wife. This can be written as a statement. AT: "After coming from such a long journey, you should have gone down to your house." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## As sure as you are alive, I will not do this. ## +# Israel and Judah -Uriah swears a strong promise that he will not enjoy his wife when many other men in Israel are at war to defend Israel and cannot enjoy their wives. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to their armies. AT: "the armies of Israel and Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# How then can I go into my house ... with my wife? + +This rhetorical question is used to emphasize Uriah's refusal to visit his wife and can be translated as a statement. AT: "It would be wrong for me to go into my house ... with my wife while the other soldiers in my army are in danger." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# As sure as you are alive, I will not do this + +Uriah swears a strong promise that he will not go home to his wife as long as the rest of the soldiers are at war. He makes this promise by comparing the truth of his promise to the certainty that the king was alive. AT: "I solemnly promise that I will not do this!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/12.md b/2sa/11/12.md index 887592efcd..4d131ebc5f 100644 --- a/2sa/11/12.md +++ b/2sa/11/12.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# he ate and drank before him + +"Uriah ate and drank with David" + +# down to his house + +Possible meanings of the word "down" are 1) Uriah's house was located at a lower elevation than the king's palace or 2) Uriah's house was of lesser importance than the king's palace. See how you translated the similar phrase "down to your house" in [2 Samuel 11:8](./06.md). AT: "to his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/14.md b/2sa/11/14.md index df6c8df890..24a477e079 100644 --- a/2sa/11/14.md +++ b/2sa/11/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## very front of the most intense battle ## +# sent it by the hand of Uriah -or "very front of the most severe line of the battle" or "very front of the most dangerous battle line" +The phrase "the hand of Uriah" refers to Uriah himself. AT: "sent Uriah himself to deliver it to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## he may be hit and killed ## +# very front of the most intense battle + +"very front of the battle line where the fighting is the worst" + +# withdraw from him + +"command the soldiers to back away from him" + +# he may be hit and killed "he may be wounded and killed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/16.md b/2sa/11/16.md index c37c2fb9ec..3d01dc07d0 100644 --- a/2sa/11/16.md +++ b/2sa/11/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the seige upon the city ## +# the siege upon the city -a seige is to surround a city to fight against it +The word "siege" can be expressed with the verbs "surround" and "attack." AT: "his army surround and attack the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the soldiers of David fell ## +# some of the soldiers of David fell -This is a kind way to say, "the soldiers of David were killed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "fell" is a polite way to refer to the soldiers being killed. AT: "David's soldiers were killed" or "they killed some of David's soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# and Uriah the Hittite was also killed there + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "including Uriah the Hittite" or "and the men of the city also killed Uriah the Hittite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/18.md b/2sa/11/18.md index 54efc241f7..7547c3496f 100644 --- a/2sa/11/18.md +++ b/2sa/11/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Why did you go so near to the city to fight? ## +# Joab sent word to David -This question is asked because the army should not have done so. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The phrase "sent word" means that he sent a messenger to give a report. AT: "Joab sent a messenger to David to give a report" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Did you not know that they would shoot from the wall? ## +# Why did you go so near ... from the wall? -this question is scolding the army, who should have known this and been more careful. \ No newline at end of file +Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. These questions may be written as statements. AT: "You should not have gone so near to the city to fight. You should have known that they would shoot from the wall." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# shoot from the wall + +This refers to men of the city shooting arrows down at their enemy from the top of the city wall. AT: "shoot arrows at you from the top of the city wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/21.md b/2sa/11/21.md index fb719849f6..eb0428b1bf 100644 --- a/2sa/11/21.md +++ b/2sa/11/21.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Joab continues to explain why the army was so close to the wall. +# Who killed Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth? -## Abimelech ## +Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Remember how Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth was killed!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This man named Abimelech was a son of Gideon. (See: [Judges 8:29](../../jdg/08/29.md) and [Judges 9:52](../../jdg/09/52.md)) +# Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth -## Jerubbesheth ## +This is the name of a man. His father is also know by the name Gideon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This is another name for Gideon. +# Did not a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez? -## Did not a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez? ## +Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Remember he died at Thebez when a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the top of the wall." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This question is stating a fact. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# millstone -## millstone ## +a heavy stone that would roll, used to crush grain for making bread -A heavy stone that would roll, used to crush grain for making bread. +# from the wall -## Thebez ## +"from the top of the city wall" -This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Thebez + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Why did you go so near the wall? + +Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not have gone so near the wall!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/22.md b/2sa/11/22.md index 37adc4ec47..fc7221a4a7 100644 --- a/2sa/11/22.md +++ b/2sa/11/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## went to David and told him everything ## +# the gate -AT: "went to David and repeated everything" \ No newline at end of file +"the city gate" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/24.md b/2sa/11/24.md index 7d7c74b8ec..c8e6410618 100644 --- a/2sa/11/24.md +++ b/2sa/11/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## king's servants ## +# their shooters shot -Here and in many Old Testament verses "servants" refers to soldiers, not slaves, since soldiers were servants of the king. +"their shooters shot arrows" -## the sword devours one ## +# some of the king's servants were killed -This phrase has the "sword" eating like a person. AT: "the sword kills one person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they killed some of the king's servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# king's servants + +Here "servants" refers to soldiers, not slaves, because soldiers were servants of the king. + +# your servant Uriah the Hittite was killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they killed your servant Uriah the Hittite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the sword devours one as well as another + +Here "the sword" refers to a person who kills someone with sword. Also, killing someone with a sword is spoken of as if the sword were "eating" the people. AT: "for one man can be killed by a sword the same as another man" or "for any man can die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Make your battle even stronger + +"Fight even stronger" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/26.md b/2sa/11/26.md index 2a7e9626fb..028c86a115 100644 --- a/2sa/11/26.md +++ b/2sa/11/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## sorrow ## +# she lamented deeply -to be sad or to mourn (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/mourn]]) +Here the author speaks of her lamenting very much as if it were deep inside her. AT: "she lamented very much" or "she lamented greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## displeased ## +# sorrow + +a deep feeling of sadness caused by suffering, disappointment or misfortune + +# David sent and took her home + +Here the word "sent" means that he sent a messenger to get her and bring her to him. AT: "David sent a messenger to her to bring her home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# displeased "saddened" or "angered" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/11/intro.md b/2sa/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6367ef5613 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Samuel 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a new section of David's life. God punished David by allowing his family to have many problems. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's adultery and the murder of Uriah ##### +The army of Israel defeated the army of Ammon and then they besieged Ammon's capital while David stayed in Jerusalem. One day, David saw a beautiful woman, named Bathsheba, bathing. He committed adultery with her. When she became pregnant, David tried to cover up his sin. When this did not work, he had her husband killed in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/01.md b/2sa/12/01.md index 81ceb0d3d5..c15bc1369c 100644 --- a/2sa/12/01.md +++ b/2sa/12/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## ewe lamb ## +# ewe lamb a female lamb -## like a daughter to him ## +# was like a daughter to him -This refers to the closeness of this man & his little lamb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the closeness of this man and his little lamb. AT: "he loved it as much as if it were one of his daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/04.md b/2sa/12/04.md index 570c816efa..110b7130ca 100644 --- a/2sa/12/04.md +++ b/2sa/12/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## ewe lamb ## +# ewe lamb a young, female sheep -## hot with anger against the rich man, and he raged ## +# for his visitor -Here David's anger is compared to a fire. AT: "David's anger was like a fire." Both these phrases are similar and are combined here for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +It was for his visitor to eat. AT: "for his visitor to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## raged ## +# David was hot with anger against -to show very strong anger +Here the author describes how David was very angry as if his body were physically hot because of his anger. AT: "David became furious with" or "David became very angry with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## As Yahweh lives ## +# he raged to Nathan -this expresses that David was swearing an oath or serious promise. +This means that David spoke angrily to Nathan. -## four times over ## +# As Yahweh lives -The amount the rich man was required to pay back to the poor man was to be four times what the little lamb cost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This expresses that David was swearing an oath or serious promise. AT: "I declare, as surely as Yahweh lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## pity ## +# to be put to death -to feel saddness and love for someone who is suffering or hurt or not loved \ No newline at end of file +This means to be killed. Also, that can be stated in active form. AT: "to be killed" or "to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He must pay back the lamb four times over + +The amount the rich man was required to pay back to the poor man was to be four times what the little lamb cost. "He must pay the poor man four times the price of the lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# pity + +to feel sadness and love for someone who is suffering or hurt or not loved \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/07.md b/2sa/12/07.md index 6ef820f24e..a61033c376 100644 --- a/2sa/12/07.md +++ b/2sa/12/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## if that had been too little ## +# out of the hand of Saul + +Here the word "hand" refers to control. AT: "out of Saul's control" or "from Saul's control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your master's wives into your arms + +Here Yahweh describes David having his master's wives as his own wives, by saying that they are "in his arms." AT: "your master's wives as your own" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I also gave you the house of Israel and Judah + +Here Yahweh speaks of how he gave David his authority as king over Israel and Judah as if he gave him the houses of Israel and Judah as a gift. The phrase "the house of" means "the people of." AT: "I also gave you authority as king over the people of Israel and Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if that had been too little "if I had not given you enough" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/09.md b/2sa/12/09.md index c277a6f7c9..a702cdbe88 100644 --- a/2sa/12/09.md +++ b/2sa/12/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## You have killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword ## +# So why have you despised ... Yahweh, so as to do what is evil in his sight? -David used the enemy army like a sword to kill Uriah the Hittite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This rhetorical question is used to rebuke David. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not have despised ... Yahweh and should not have done what is evil in his sight!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the sword will never leave your house ## +# what is evil in his sight -Here the word "sword" refers to war. AT: "Your house will always have to fight in wars." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "sight" refers to Yahweh's thoughts or opinion. AT: "what he considers to be evil" or "what is evil in Yahweh's judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You have killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword + +David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle. The phrase "with the sword" represents how Uriah died in battle. AT: "You have arranged for Uriah the Hittite to die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You killed him with the sword of the army of Ammon + +David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle when Israel was fighting against Ammon. The phrase "with the sword" refers to how he died in battle. AT: "You arranged for him to die in battle against the army of Ammon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the sword will never leave your house + +Here the word "sword" refers to people dying in war. Also, David's "house" refers to his descendants. AT: "some of your descendants will always die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/11.md b/2sa/12/11.md index f3781eb467..492b4e2391 100644 --- a/2sa/12/11.md +++ b/2sa/12/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## broad daylight ## +# out of your own house -"full daylight" +Here David's "house" refers to his family. AT: "from among your own family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## committed ## +# Before your own eyes -"did" +Here David is referred to by his eyes to emphasize what he would see. AT: "While you are watching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## passed over ## +# in broad daylight -Yahweh will not kill David for this sin, but someone who is innocent may have to carry the result of this sin. \ No newline at end of file +"in full daylight." The idea of doing something "openly" or in a way that people are fully aware of what is happening is often spoken about as being done in the "daylight." AT: "openly" or "and everyone will see what is happening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# committed your sin + +"sinned" + +# before all Israel + +This phrase speaks of the people of Israel knowing about what has happened to his wives as if they all actually witnessed it happening. AT: "before all the people of Israel" or "and all the people of Israel will know about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# passed over + +Yahweh has forgiven David of his sin. This is spoken of here as Yahweh passing over his sin as if it were something that he walked by and disregarded. AT: "forgiven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You will not be killed + +This can be stated in active form. Sometimes men died because of their sins, but he will not die because of his sin with the woman. This can be stated clearly. AT: "You will not die" or "you will not die because of this sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/14.md b/2sa/12/14.md index c3ae045228..049d425b3c 100644 --- a/2sa/12/14.md +++ b/2sa/12/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## despised ## +# despised -to strongly dislike or hate someone or something \ No newline at end of file +to strongly dislike or hate someone or something + +# the child who is born to you + +The phrase "born to you" means that it is David's baby. AT: "your child who will be born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh attacked the child that ... and he was very sick + +Here the author speaks of Yahweh causing the baby to become sick as Yahweh attacking the child. AT: "Yahweh afflicted the child that ... and he was very sick" or "Yahweh caused the baby that ... to become very sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the child that Uriah's wife bore to David + +This means that she gave birth to a child and that David was his father. AT: "David's child, who Uriah's wife gave birth to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/16.md b/2sa/12/16.md index ad805dfa36..e4a9d2d48e 100644 --- a/2sa/12/16.md +++ b/2sa/12/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## implored ## +# implored to beg or pray with strong desire -## It came about ## +# went inside + +David went into his room when he was alone. AT: "went inside his room" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to raise him up from the floor + +"and urged him to get up from the floor" + +# It came about "It happened" -## seventh day ## +# he did not listen to our voice -the number of the day of the death of the child, counting from when he became ill (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +The servants are referred to here by their voices to emphasize that they were speaking. AT: "he did not listen to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the seventh day + +"the 7th day." This refers to the seventh day after the baby was born. AT: "the seventh day after he was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Look + +This is used to get people's attention. AT: "Listen" + +# What might he do to himself if we tell him that the boy is dead?! + +The servants ask this rhetorical question to express their fear. This can be written as a statement. AT: "We are afraid that he may harm himself if we tell him that the boy is dead!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/19.md b/2sa/12/19.md index 826fe0c077..040004dd5a 100644 --- a/2sa/12/19.md +++ b/2sa/12/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## whispering ## +# whispering -AT: "speaking very quietly" +"speaking very quietly" -## perceived ## +# perceived -AT: "understood" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/understand]]) \ No newline at end of file +"understood" + +# arose + +"got up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/21.md b/2sa/12/21.md index 4ca867295c..284930ff71 100644 --- a/2sa/12/21.md +++ b/2sa/12/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -These verses contain three questions that are really statements (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# General Information: -## Who knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me, that the child may live? ## +These verses contain rhetorical questions that emphasize that David realizes that Yahweh has allowed this to happen. -The clear answer is: no one. +# Who knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me, that the child may live? -## now he is dead, so why should I fast? ## +David asked this rhetorical question to empathize that no one knew if Yahweh would let the child live. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me so that the child may live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -The clear answer is that it would be of no use to fast any longer. +# But now he is dead, so why should I fast? -## Can I bring him back again? ## +David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that he no longer has a reason to fast. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Now that he is dead it would be of no use to fast any longer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -The clear answer is: no. \ No newline at end of file +# Can I bring him back again? + +David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that the boy cannot come back to life. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I cannot bring him back to life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I will go to him + +David implies that he will go to where his child is when he dies. AT: "When I die I will go to where he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/24.md b/2sa/12/24.md index 7bb5859dc0..5fd629aaa6 100644 --- a/2sa/12/24.md +++ b/2sa/12/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Jedidiah ## +# went in to her, and slept with her -This is another name for David's son Solomon that Yahweh chose for him. The name means, "Loved by Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "went in to her" is a graphic description of David having sex with his wife. These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that they slept together. AT: "slept with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# he sent word through Nathan the prophet + +Here "word" refers to a message that Yahweh told Nathan to tell David. AT: "he sent Nathan to tell him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Jedidiah + +This is another name for David's son Solomon, which Yahweh chose for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/26.md b/2sa/12/26.md index ab4b1410ef..d34f7d2fb9 100644 --- a/2sa/12/26.md +++ b/2sa/12/26.md @@ -1 +1,31 @@ -There are not translation notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Joab fought ... he captured + +Here the author says "Joab" but he is referring to Joab and his soldiers who fought with him. AT: "Joab and his soldiers fought ... they captured" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Rabbah + +Fighting against this city literally means to fight against the people of Rabbah. Translate the name the same as you did in [2 Samuel 11:1](../11/01.md). AT: "the people of Rabbah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# So Joab sent messengers to David and said + +"So Joab sent messengers to David to say to him" + +# have taken the city's water supply + +"Taking" a place or landmark means to take control of it. AT: "have taken control of the city's water supply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have fought ... I have taken ... if I take + +Here Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. AT: "My soldiers and I have fought ... my soldier and I have taken ... if my soldiers and I take" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# camp against + +This means to surround and attack. AT: "besiege" or "surround" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# take it ... take the city + +"Taking" a place or landmark means to take control of it. AT: "take control of it ... take control of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will be named + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will name it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/29.md b/2sa/12/29.md index 76438ada3d..6652b57a03 100644 --- a/2sa/12/29.md +++ b/2sa/12/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## talent ## +# he fought -an ancient measurement of weight +Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David and his soldiers. AT: "David and his soldiers fought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## a precious stone ## +# a talent + +This may be written in modern weights. AT: "about 33 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# a precious stone a rare gemstone such as a diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, or opal -## plunder ## +# The crown was placed on David's own head + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They placed the crown on David's own head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he brought out + +Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David's soldiers. AT: "they brought out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# plunder valuable things taken from a defeated enemy -## quantities ## +# quantities "amounts" or "numbers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/31.md b/2sa/12/31.md index c0e0a60d6e..707e667bcf 100644 --- a/2sa/12/31.md +++ b/2sa/12/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## saws and iron picks ## +# He brought out the people -tools to cut wood (saw) or break up the ground (iron pick) +David did not bring out the people himself; he commanded his soldiers to bring them out. AT: "David commanded his soldiers to bring out the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## brick kilns ## +# saws, iron picks, and axes -ovens where bricks are dried and hardened \ No newline at end of file +These are tools to cut wood or break up the ground. + +# brick kilns + +ovens where bricks are dried and hardened + +# all the cities of the people of Ammon + +This refers to the people in the cities. AT: "all the people of the cites of Ammon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/12/intro.md b/2sa/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..360af9e3a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 2 Samuel 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the final expansion of David's kingdom and records the end of the war with Ammon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's punishment ##### +God sent a prophet to confront David. He said that because David had Uriah killed, there would always be killing in his family and that the baby conceived with Bathsheba would die. David prayed that the baby be allowed to live, but the infant died. Bathsheba then had another son, who was named Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/01.md b/2sa/13/01.md index 12a615665d..fabd62b0b5 100644 --- a/2sa/13/01.md +++ b/2sa/13/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## very attracted to ## +# It came about after this -to be very drawn to or have desire for +"It happened after this." This phrase is used to introduce a new event to the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## half-sister ## +# half-sister -sister** - Amnon and Tamar shared the same father, but not the same mother +Amnon and Tamar shared the same father but not the same mother. -## full sister ## +# full sister -Absalom and Tamar shared the same father and mother +Absalom and Tamar shared the same father and mother. -## impossible ## +# Amnon was so frustrated that he became sick because of his sister Tamar -AT: "not able to occur" or "not possible" \ No newline at end of file +Amnon was frustrated because he desired to sleep with his sister Tamar. AT: "Amnon was so frustrated with desire for his sister Tamar that he felt sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/03.md b/2sa/13/03.md index 2c3b51c69a..7f943fc6dd 100644 --- a/2sa/13/03.md +++ b/2sa/13/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Jonadab, Shimeah ## +# Jonadab son of Shimeah, David's brother -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. Shimeah was David's brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## "Why, son of the king, are you depressed ## +# shrewd -AT: "Since you are the kings son, you should be happy. So why are you depressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +crafty or deceptive -## depressed ## +# depressed -AT: in an emotional state of extreme unhappiness +in an emotional state of extreme unhappiness -## Will you not tell me? ## +# Will you not tell me? -This is a request to be told why he is unhappy. AT: "Please tell me why you are unhappy." \ No newline at end of file +It is understood that he is asking him about his depression, which can be stated clearly. Also, this rhetorical question is a request for Jehonadab to tell him why he is depressed. It may be written as a statement. AT: "Will you not tell me why you are depressed?" or "Please, tell me why you are depressed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/05.md b/2sa/13/05.md index 96505279c0..79ec04fcb9 100644 --- a/2sa/13/05.md +++ b/2sa/13/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Jonadab ## +# Jonadab -Translate as you did in [2 Samuel 13:3](./03.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 13:03](./03.md). -## pretended to be sick ## +# eat it from her hand ... I may eat from her hand -AT: gave a false appearance of being ill \ No newline at end of file +This is a request for her to serve food to him personally. AT: "have her serve it to me herself ... she may serve it to me to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# pretended to be sick + +This means he gave a false appearance of being ill. + +# for my sickness in front of me + +The food is not for his sickness, but rather it is for him, because he is sick. The phrase "in front of me" is a request for Tamar to prepare the food in his presence. AT: "in front of me because I am sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/07.md b/2sa/13/07.md index 887592efcd..825d4e9172 100644 --- a/2sa/13/07.md +++ b/2sa/13/07.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no translation notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# David sent word + +This means that he sent a messenger to speak to Tamar. AT: "David sent a messenger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dough + +a thick mixture of flour and liquid used for baking + +# kneaded + +used her hands to mix the dough + +# in his sight + +This means that Tamar made the bread in front of him. AT: "in front of him" or "in his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# So everyone went out from him + +To "go out from someone" means to leave them. AT: "So everyone left him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/10.md b/2sa/13/10.md index 7c70af660f..0d309ba334 100644 --- a/2sa/13/10.md +++ b/2sa/13/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Come, sleep with me ## +# that I may eat from your hand -Translate this in a way that it can be read aloud in church without embarrassment. +This is a request for Tamar to serve the food to him personally. AT: "and serve it to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## do not force me ## +# do not force me -AT: "do not force me to sleep with you" \ No newline at end of file +She is referring to sleeping with him. AT: "do not force me to sleep with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# appalling + +very shameful \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/13.md b/2sa/13/13.md index 3d4aea37ab..29250b24bf 100644 --- a/2sa/13/13.md +++ b/2sa/13/13.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Tamar continues to talk to Amnon. -## Where could I go to escape the shame this would place on my life? ## +# How could I be rid of my shame? -This question is asked to chastise Amnon. AT: "There is no place I could go in Israel to escape the shame this would place on my life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Tamar asks this rhetorical question to emphasize how much shame she would have if she slept with him. Tamar speaks of getting rid of her shame as if it were an enemy or a tormentor that she needed to escape from. AT: "If you do this, I would have to endure shame everywhere I go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/15.md b/2sa/13/15.md index 887592efcd..8b7a52c642 100644 --- a/2sa/13/15.md +++ b/2sa/13/15.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Because this great evil of making me leave is even worse + +The abstract noun "this great evil" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "It would be very evil to make me leave! It would be even worse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# bolt the door after her + +This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. AT: "lock the door so that she cannot come back in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/18.md b/2sa/13/18.md index 3da39dd2d8..a543621c46 100644 --- a/2sa/13/18.md +++ b/2sa/13/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## put ashes on her head and tore her robe ## +# bolted the door after her -This is an act of mourning and grief in the Israelite culture. \ No newline at end of file +This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. AT: "locked the door so that she could not go back in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# put ashes on her head and tore her robe. She put her hands on her head + +These are acts of mourning and grief in the Israelite culture. AT: "put ashes on her head and tore her robe to show that she was very sad. Then to show her grief, she put her hands on her head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/20.md b/2sa/13/20.md index 3a724bb9f7..344e396f39 100644 --- a/2sa/13/20.md +++ b/2sa/13/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Has Amnon your brother been with you? ## +# Has Amnon your brother been with you? -A polite way to ask "Has Amnon your brother slept with you?"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a polite way to ask is Amnon has had sexual relations with her. AT: "Has Amnon your brother slept with you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## Do not take this thing to heart ## +# keep quiet -Here "heart" refers to one's deepest self. AT:"Do not let this bother you deeply." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means to not tell anyone about something. AT: "do not tell anyone about this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Do not take this thing to heart + +The phrase "take something to heart" means "to worry about it." AT: "Do not worry about what has happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# So Tamar remained alone + +This means that she did not marry. + +# said nothing + +"did not speak" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/23.md b/2sa/13/23.md index 7531b41cc5..1073f43b8d 100644 --- a/2sa/13/23.md +++ b/2sa/13/23.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## two full years ## +# It came about after two full years -This is explaining the passage of time. (See:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]]) +This explains that two whole years has passed and introduces the next event in the story line. The phrase "full years" means that they are complete years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## shearers ## +# shearers -those who remove the wool from the sheep +These are people who cut the wool from sheep. -## Baal Hazor ## +# Baal Hazor -This is the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Look now ## +# Look now -This is an expression to emphasize the next statement. +This is a phrase used to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" -## your servant ## +# your servant -Absalom is calling himself "your servant" to be polite. +Absalom is calling himself "your servant" to show respect. -## has shearers ## +# has sheep shearers -It was customary for people in Israel to have a party when they had sheared their sheep. +It was customary for people in Israel to have a party after they had sheared their sheep. -## may the king ## +# may the king -Although he is talking to his father the king, he callshim "the king" instead of "you" to show respect for him. \ No newline at end of file +Although he is talking to his father the king, he calls him "the king" instead of "you" to show respect for him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/25.md b/2sa/13/25.md index e235057f27..8c177f5d4a 100644 --- a/2sa/13/25.md +++ b/2sa/13/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## please let my brother Amnon go with us ## +# please let my brother Amnon go with us -The oldest son could often represent his father in Israel culture. Amnon was David's oldest son. +The oldest son could often represent his father in Israelite culture. Amnon was David's oldest son. -## Why should Amnon go with you? ## +# Why should Amnon go with you? David knew that Amnon was not Absalom's friend. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/27.md b/2sa/13/27.md index 7d75c5b20d..b9c5025d05 100644 --- a/2sa/13/27.md +++ b/2sa/13/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## pressed ## +# Absalom pressed David -AT: "kept on requesting him to send Amnon" +Here the author speaks of Absalom urging David to let Amnon come as if he were putting physical pressure on him. AT: "Absalom begged David for Amnon to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Do not be afraid ## +# Do not be afraid -"Do not be afraid that you will be blamed for killing the king's son" +This implies that they do not need to be afraid of the consequences for killing Amnon. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Do not be afraid that you will be blamed for killing the king's son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Have I not commanded you? ## +# Have I not commanded you? -This question is asked to enforce that Absalom has commanded them. AT: "I am to blame because you were just following what I have commanded you to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Absalom asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he will be blamed for killing Amnon because he is commanding them. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I have commanded you to do this." or "I will be the one guilty for killing him because I have commanded you to do this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# not commanded you + +What Absalom has commanded them to do may be stated in the question. AT: "not commanded you to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# all the king's sons + +This does not include Absalom and Amnon who is dead. It includes the rest of the sons that the king allowed to go to the celebration. AT: "the rest of the king's sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# every man + +This refers to the king's sons who left the celebration. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/30.md b/2sa/13/30.md index a4cc40d0c5..6e2b9b156c 100644 --- a/2sa/13/30.md +++ b/2sa/13/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## tore his clothes and lay on the floor ## +# So it came about -This is a display of intense grief. See" symbolic action) \ No newline at end of file +"It happened that." This phrase is used here to introduce the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# on the road + +"travelling along the road" + +# that the news came to David saying + +Here it says that the news came, when really someone came and told David the news. AT: "that someone came and reported the news to David saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then the king arose + +"Then the king stood up" + +# tore his clothes, and lay on the floor + +He did these things to show that he was extremely sad. AT: "tore his clothes, and threw himself on the floor grieving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# with their clothes torn + +They did this to show their sadness and to mourn with their king. AT: "and tore their clothes, mourning with the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/32.md b/2sa/13/32.md index 1fbb271c19..dbbb8b5afa 100644 --- a/2sa/13/32.md +++ b/2sa/13/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Jonadab... Shimeah ## +# Jonadab ... Shimeah -Translate these men's names as you did in [2 Samuel 13:3](./03.md). +See how you translated these men's names in [2 Samuel 13:03](./03.md). -## Let not my master ## +# Let not my master believe -Jonadab is speaking to David but is calling him "my master" to show respect. "Do not" +"My master, do not believe" -## do not take this report to heart ## +# my master -Here "heart" represents David's belief. AT: "Do not believe this report." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jonadab calls David "my master" to show respect. + +# Amnon violated his sister + +This is a polite way of saying that Amnon raped his sister. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# let not my master the king + +"my master the king, do not" + +# take this report to heart + +The phrase "take something to heart" means "to worry about it." AT: "worry about this report" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/34.md b/2sa/13/34.md index ab4b1410ef..33df479b6b 100644 --- a/2sa/13/34.md +++ b/2sa/13/34.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are not translation notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# keeping watch + +This means that the servant was watching for enemies while guarding at the city wall. AT: "who was guarding" or "who was guarding at the city wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# raised his eyes + +Here the servant looking up at something is spoken of as if he lifted up his eyes. AT: "looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So it came about + +This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# raised their voices + +Here the sons crying out is spoken of as if their voices were something they lifted into the sky. AT: "cried out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/37.md b/2sa/13/37.md index 61498f03a2..e0c5bb1bd0 100644 --- a/2sa/13/37.md +++ b/2sa/13/37.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Talmai... Ammihur ## +# Talmai ... Ammihud -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# for his son + +"for his son Amnon" + +# where he was for three years + +"where he stayed for three years" + +# The mind of King David longed + +Here David is referred to by his mind to emphasize his thoughts. AT: "King David longed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for he was comforted concerning Amnon and his death + +"because he was no longer grieving about Amnon being dead." This refers to three years after Absalom fled to Geshur. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/13/intro.md b/2sa/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2110fd5176 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Samuel 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the story about the difficulties and killings in David's family. David's sin caused these problems in his family. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Amnon raped Absalom's sister ##### +Amnon raped Absalom's sister, who was his own half-sister. David did nothing to punish him and David's lack of action caused significant problems in his family and in Israel. This eventually caused Solomon to become king, even though he was not the oldest son. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/01.md b/2sa/14/01.md index 5c3e999990..0b0bd54a7e 100644 --- a/2sa/14/01.md +++ b/2sa/14/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Samuel tells about a new person in the story. \ No newline at end of file +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells about a new person in the story. + +# Zeruiah + +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/12.md). + +# perceived + +This means Joab discerned or understood what David was thinking. + +# sent word to Tekoa and had a wise woman brought + +This means that Joab sent someone with a message to Tekoa and had him bring back a woman to him. This can be written in active form. AT: "sent someone with a message to Tokoa and had him bring a wise woman back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Tekoa + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the dead + +This refers to someone who has died, not dead people in general. AT: "someone who has died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/04.md b/2sa/14/04.md index 93408c754f..5df55c2c9c 100644 --- a/2sa/14/04.md +++ b/2sa/14/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## One struck the other ## +# she lay facedown on the ground -"one of my sons hit the other son with something" \ No newline at end of file +She did this to show her respect and submission to the king. AT: "she showed her respect to the king by laying facedown on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# One struck the other + +"One of my sons hit the other son with something" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/07.md b/2sa/14/07.md index d60535e79a..5e84773b11 100644 --- a/2sa/14/07.md +++ b/2sa/14/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## the whole clan ## +# the whole clan -This refers to the woman's husband's family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"my entire family" -## Thus they will put out the burning coal that I have left ## +# your servant -Here "the burning coal" refers to her one remaining child.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as "your servant." + +# put him to death + +This is an idiom which means to kill. AT: "kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they would also destroy the heir + +If they put the guilty brother to death there would not be a son left to inherit the family's possessions. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "if they did this, they would be destroying our family's heir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Thus they will put out the burning coal that I have left + +Here the woman refers to her only living son as if he were a burning piece of coal. She speaks of the men killing her son as stopping the coal's burning. AT: "In this way they will kill the only child I have left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will leave for my husband neither name nor descendant + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "they will not leave for my husband name or descendant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# neither name nor descendant + +This refers to a son to carry on the family's name into the next generation. AT: "no son to preserve our family's name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on the surface of the earth + +"on the earth." This descriptive phrase emphasizes that the family line would not continue on earth after the husband died. "The surface of the earth" refers to the ground on which people walk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/08.md b/2sa/14/08.md index cf5fbbbe51..eaa9bc9492 100644 --- a/2sa/14/08.md +++ b/2sa/14/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## may the guilt be on me and on my father’s family ## +# I will command something to be done for you -Here there implicit information. The "guilt" refers back to the brother killing the brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will take care of this matter for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The king and his throne ## +# Tekoa -Here "the king" and "his throne" both refer to David and are added for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) AT: "you" \ No newline at end of file +Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 14:2](./01.md). + +# may the guilt be on me and on my father's family + +This means that if people say that the king was wrong for helping the woman's family that the king should not be guilty. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "if anyone blames you for helping our family, may my family be considered guilty instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The king and his throne + +Here the word "throne" refers to anyone who later becomes king in David's place. AT: "The king and his descendants" or "The king and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# are guiltless + +"are innocent." This implies that in the future if anyone accuses the king of wrongdoing, he will be innocent in the matter. AT: "will be innocent regarding the matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/10.md b/2sa/14/10.md index 62df6f3f4b..9049262349 100644 --- a/2sa/14/10.md +++ b/2sa/14/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## that they will not destroy my son ## +# says anything to you -AT: "that they will not kill my son" or "that they will not execute my son" +Here speaking threats is spoken of as speaking in general. AT: "threatens you" or "speaks threats to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Please, may the king call to mind Yahweh your God ## +# he will not touch you anymore -There are two possible meanings to these words: 1. "please promise in Yahweh's name" or 2. "please pray to Yahweh" +Here David speaks of a person not threatening or hurting her, by saying that the person would not touch her. It is implied that David will not allow the person threatening her to bother her again. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "I will make sure he does not threaten you again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## not one hair of your son will fall to the ground ## +# Please, may the king call to mind Yahweh your God -Here "one hair of your son" is referring to the life of her son. AT: "your son will be safe and untouched" or "no one will harm even the smallest part of your son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) The phrase "call to mind" is an idiom meaning to pray. AT: "Please, pray to Yahweh your God" or 2) Here "call to mind" means to remember and it is implied that after he remembers Yahweh he will promise in his name. AT: "Please promise in the name of Yahweh your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the avenger of blood + +This refers to the man who wants to avenge the death of the dead brother. This can be stated clearly. AT: "the man who wants to avenge my son's brother's death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# destroy anyone further + +"cause anyone else to die." This is in addition to the brother who already died. + +# that they will not destroy my son + +"that they will not kill my son" or "that they will not execute my son" + +# As Yahweh lives + +Often people would make promises and compare how surely they would fulfil their promise to how surely Yahweh is alive. AT: "I promise you, as surely as Yahweh lives" or "In Yahweh's name I promise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# not one hair of your son will fall to the ground + +The means that her son will not be harmed, which is exaggerated by saying that he will not lose even a single hair. AT: "your son will be completely safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/12.md b/2sa/14/12.md index 085d09fd50..eea442641f 100644 --- a/2sa/14/12.md +++ b/2sa/14/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Please let your servant speak a further word to my master the king ## +# your servant -The woman is requesting permission to speak to King David on a new topic. AT: "Please may I say something to you." +To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as "your servant." -## Speak on ## +# speak a further word to -"You may speak to me" +"talk about something else to." The woman is requesting to speak to the king about another topic. -## Why then have you devised such a thing against the people of God? ## +# Speak on -This question is asked to rebuke David. AT: "What you have just said proved that you did wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This is an idiom. The king was giving her permission to continue speaking. AT: "You may speak to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## are like water spilled on the ground, which cannot be gathered up again ## +# Why then have you devised such a thing against the people of God? -"after we die we can not be brought back again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The woman asks this rhetorical question to rebuke David for how he has treated Absalom. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "What you have just said proved that you did wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## God ... finds a way to bring back one he has driven away from himself ## +# the king is like someone who is guilty -"God brings back someone whom he has chased away from himself and you should bring back your son who has run away from you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The woman compares the king to someone who is guilty to suggest that he is guilty without saying it directly. AT: "the king has declared himself guilty" + +# his banished son + +"his son whom he banished" + +# For we all must die, and we are like water spilled on the ground ... up again + +Here the woman speaks of a person dying as if they were water being spilled on the ground. AT: "We all must die, and after we die we cannot be brought back to life again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# God ... finds a way for those who were driven away to be restored + +The woman is implying that David should bring his son back to himself. This can be stated clearly. AT: "God brings back someone whom he has driven away and you should do the same for your son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/15.md b/2sa/14/15.md index 0ed984978b..84dc5b22d7 100644 --- a/2sa/14/15.md +++ b/2sa/14/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## for as an angel of God ## +# because the people have made me afraid -Here David, the king, is compared to an "angel of God." AT: "for the king is like an angel of God because they both know how to tell good from evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The understood information may be supplied. AT: "because the people have made me afraid that I have come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# your servant + +To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as "your servant" + +# to hand over his servant + +Here the idiom "to hand over" means to deliver out of someone's control. AT: "to deliver his servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# out of the hand of the man + +This phrase is an idiom. Also, "the hand" is a metonym referring to the man's control. AT: "out of the control of the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# out of the inheritance of God + +This speaks of the land which Yahweh gave to the Israelites as if it were an inheritance that a father leaves his children. AT: "out of the land that God gave us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the word of my master the king + +"the message of my master the king" + +# for as an angel of God, so is my master ... from evil + +Here David, the king, is compared to an "angel of God." AT: "for the king is like an angel of God because they both know how to tell good from evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/18.md b/2sa/14/18.md index 5a6f3f201b..b4bdd90b77 100644 --- a/2sa/14/18.md +++ b/2sa/14/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Please do not hide from me anything that I will ask you ## +# Please do not hide from me anything that I will ask you -Here the two negatives "do not" and "hide" are used together to imply a positive response. AT: Please tell me the truth when I ask you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +The negative form here is used for emphasis and can be stated in a positive form. AT: "Please tell me the truth about everything I ask you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## Is not the hand of Joab ## +# Is not the hand of Joab with you in all this -Here "hand of Joab" refers to for Joab's words or council. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "hand" refers to Joab's influence. AT: "Has not Joab influenced you in all this" or "Did Joab send you here to speak these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## no one can escape to the right hand or to the left from anything that my master the king has spoken ## +# As you live -The expression "to the right hand or to the left" means "everything." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) AT: "you are exactly right" \ No newline at end of file +"As surely as you are alive." Here the woman compares the certainty of what David has said to the certainty that he is alive, to emphasize how true his statement is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# no one can escape to the right hand ... the king has spoken + +Here the woman describes the difficulty of speaking to the king and keeping him from finding out the truth by comparing it to a person not being about to escape in any direction. AT: "no one can keep you from knowing the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to the right hand or to the left + +The expression gives two extremes and means "anywhere." AT: "anywhere at all" or "anywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# My master is wise + +"My master the king is wise" + +# is wise, like the wisdom of an angel of God + +The woman compares David's wisdom to the wisdom of an angel to emphasize how very wise he is. AT: "you are very wise, like an angel of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/21.md b/2sa/14/21.md index 47eef9c7a6..b5ba7308aa 100644 --- a/2sa/14/21.md +++ b/2sa/14/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## Joab lay facedown on the ground ## +# So the king said to Joab -"Joab honored the king" (See: symbolic action) +It is implied that the king had Joab brought before him so that he could speak to him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "Then the king summoned Joab and said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the king has performed the request ## +# Look now -AT: "you have done what I asked you to do" \ No newline at end of file +This phrase is used to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# this thing + +This refers to what Joab wants the king to do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "what you want me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Joab lay facedown on the ground + +Joab did this to honor the king and show his gratitude. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# your servant + +To show respect for the king Joab refers to himself as "your servant." + +# I have found favor in your eyes + +The phrase "found favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, "eyes" is a metonym for sight, and sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "you are pleased with me" or "you have approved of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in that the king + +"because the king" + +# the king has performed the request of his servant + +"you have done what I asked you to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/23.md b/2sa/14/23.md index 404ac6a778..05babb3c58 100644 --- a/2sa/14/23.md +++ b/2sa/14/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## but he may not see my face ## +# but he may not see my face ... the king's face -Here the word "face" refers to the being in the presence of the king. AT: "but he may not be in my presence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "face" refers to the king himself. AT: "but he may not see me ... the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/25.md b/2sa/14/25.md index f46633d8a7..02c12f6d0e 100644 --- a/2sa/14/25.md +++ b/2sa/14/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Samuel tells a new part of the story. +"Now" marks a break in the main storyline. Here Samuel tells a new part of the story. -## From the sole of his foot to the top of his head there was no blemish in him ## +# there was no one praised for his handsomeness more than Absalom -AT: "He looked good all over." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people praised Absalom for his handsomeness more than they praised anyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## shekel ## +# From the sole of his foot to the top of his head there was no blemish in him -This is a unit of weight. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means the whole person was without blemish. AT: "There were no blemishes on any part of his body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# two hundred shekels + +This can be written in modern units. AT: "two and a half kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# the weight of the king's standard + +The king had weights that determined the standard weight of the shekel and other weights and measurements. + +# To Absalom were born three sons and one daughter + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Absalom had three sons and one daughter" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/28.md b/2sa/14/28.md index cc1c03f687..2583854fe1 100644 --- a/2sa/14/28.md +++ b/2sa/14/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## the king’s face ## +# the king's face -This phrase refers to being in the king's presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "the king's face" refers to the king himself. AT: "the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Absalom sent word for Joab + +Here "word" is a metonym for "a message." This means that he sent a messenger to Joab with a request. AT: "Absalom sent a messenger to Joab asking him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to send him to the king + +It is implied that Absalom wanted Joab to come to him to see him and to intercede for him so that he would be allowed to see the king. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "to come to him and to intercede for him so that he could see the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# So Absalom sent word a second time + +Here "word" is a metonym for "a message." This means that he sent a messenger to Joab again with the same request. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "So Absalom sent a messenger to Joab again with the same request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/30.md b/2sa/14/30.md index 83d6132f53..b3c9b13797 100644 --- a/2sa/14/30.md +++ b/2sa/14/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## barley ## +# See -Barley is a grain eaten by the people of Israel. "grain" \ No newline at end of file +Here this word is used to remind people of something. AT: "As you know" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/32.md b/2sa/14/32.md index 75d4a608dd..34da47f255 100644 --- a/2sa/14/32.md +++ b/2sa/14/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## bowed low to the ground before the king ## +# Look -Absalom is showing respect to the king. (See:symbolicaction) +This word is used to add emphasis, strengthening what is said next. AT: "Listen" -## the king kissed Absalom ## +# I sent word -This implies that the king forgave and restored Absalom.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and symbolicaction) \ No newline at end of file +Here "word" is a metonym for "a message." This means that he sent a messenger. AT: "I sent a messenger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to the king to say + +The message here for the king is written as if Absalom were the speaker. Absalom was asking Joab to speak the message on his behalf. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "to say to the king on my behalf" or "to ask the king for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the king's face + +Here "king's face" refers to the king himself. AT: "the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# bowed low to the ground before the king + +Absalom is showing respect to the king. AT: "bowed low to the ground to honor the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the king kissed Absalom + +This implies that the king forgave and restored Absalom. The full meaning of this can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/14/intro.md b/2sa/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5f33f5d9b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# 2 Samuel 14 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Reconciliation ##### +David missed his son, Absalom, who was in exile. Joab summons a wise woman to reconcile David and Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]]) + +#### Important figures of speech used in this chapter #### +##### Parable ##### +The wise woman uses a type of parable to convince David that his actions were wrong. He treated a stranger worse than he treated his own son. This hypothetical situation was intended to convict David of his sin. She uses David's own words against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/01.md b/2sa/15/01.md index 887592efcd..e9ed8076c5 100644 --- a/2sa/15/01.md +++ b/2sa/15/01.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# It came about + +This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# with fifty men to run before him + +These men would run in front of the chariot to honor Absalom. AT: "with fifty men to run before him to honor him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Your servant + +When a man would respond to Absalom's question he would refer to himself as "your servant" to honor Absalom. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/03.md b/2sa/15/03.md index 6ebf91aeaa..826fb5ca51 100644 --- a/2sa/15/03.md +++ b/2sa/15/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## So Absalom would say to him, "Look, your case is good and right ## +# So Absalom would say to him -AT: "Absalom would ask him what is problem was; and when the man would tell Absalom what he came to get justice for, Absalom would say to him "your case is good and right" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that the person told his case to Absalom. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Absalom would ask him what his problem was, and the man would then explain to Absalom why he sought justice. Absalom would then say to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# good and right + +These words have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that his case is good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# to hear your case + +"Hearing" a case means to listen to it and to make a judgement decision over it. AT: "to judge your case" or "to oversee your case" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/05.md b/2sa/15/05.md index f0d5c92a90..e4e81ea779 100644 --- a/2sa/15/05.md +++ b/2sa/15/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## take hold of him and kiss him ## +# put out his hand and take hold of him and kiss him -"treated him as a friend and as an equal" (See: symbolicaction) +This action is a friendly greeting. AT: "greet him as a friend by embracing him and kissing him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## all Israel ## +# for judgment -this refers to the men of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This means that they can for the king to decide their disputes. AT: "to judge over their disputes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Absalom stole the hearts ## +# So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel -This phrase means that Absalom was convincing the men to be loyal to him rather than to David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This sentence means Absalom convinced the men to be loyal to him rather than to David. Here the author speaks of how the people became loyal to Absalom by saying that he stole their hearts. AT: "In this way, Absalom convinced the men of Israel to be loyal to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/07.md b/2sa/15/07.md index 85d402cd32..9e1ecc9844 100644 --- a/2sa/15/07.md +++ b/2sa/15/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## at the end of four years ## +# It came about -AT: "fours years after Absalom had returned to Jerusalem" +This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## For your servant ## +# at the end of four years that Absalom -Absalom is referring to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to four years after he returned to Jerusalem. AT: "fours years after Absalom had returned to Jerusalem, he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# and pay a vow that I have made to Yahweh in Hebron + +"to Hebron and there fulfill a vow that I have made to Yahweh" + +# For your servant + +Here Absalom refers to himself this way to honor the king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/09.md b/2sa/15/09.md index 6d307161e5..8aeb9415eb 100644 --- a/2sa/15/09.md +++ b/2sa/15/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## throughout all the tribes of Israel ## +# So Absalom arose -This refers to the entire nation of Israel. AT: throughout the whole land of the Nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"So Absalom left" -## the sound of the trumpet ## +# throughout all the tribes of Israel -AT: "a trumpet announcing important news" \ No newline at end of file +Here the places where the tribes of Israel lived are referred to as the tribes themselves. AT: "throughout the land of the tribes of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the sound of the trumpet + +"a trumpet being blown" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/11.md b/2sa/15/11.md index ac703e5d71..e35d860094 100644 --- a/2sa/15/11.md +++ b/2sa/15/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Ahithophel ## +# who were invited -This is the male name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who he had invited" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Giloh ## +# went in their innocence -This is the name of a place. +"went innocently" -## Absalom's conspiracy was strong ## +# he sent for Ahithophel -Here the "conspiracy" is treated like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel and bring him back to him. AT: "he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel who was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Ahithophel + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Giloh + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/13.md b/2sa/15/13.md index 2330bd645b..65d5a662a2 100644 --- a/2sa/15/13.md +++ b/2sa/15/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## the hearts of the men of Israel are following ## +# The hearts of the men of Israel are following after -Here "hearts" is used to express loyalty of the men of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the men are referred to by their "hearts" to emphasize their loyalty to Absalom. AT: "The men of Israel are loyal to" or "The men of Israel are following after" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# escape from Absalom ... he will quickly ... and he will bring + +Here David speaks of Absalom and the men with him as "Absalom" himself because the men are following Absalom's authority. AT: "escape from Absalom and his men ... he and his men will quickly ... and they will bring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# attack the city with the edge of the sword + +The "city" is a metonym referring to the people in the city. The "edge of the sword" is a synecdoche referring to the Israelites' swords and emphasize that they killed the people in battle. AT: "will attack the people of our city and kill them with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# bring down disaster + +This means to cause disaster to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/16.md b/2sa/15/16.md index 2352fb164d..88eca1111f 100644 --- a/2sa/15/16.md +++ b/2sa/15/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Cherethites... Pelethites... Gittites ## +# to keep the palace -These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "keep" means to care for. AT: "to care for the palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# at the last house + +This refers to the last house they would come to when leaving the city. AT: "at the last house as they were leaving the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Kerethites ... Pelethites + +Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/15.md). + +# Gittites + +Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md). + +# six hundred men + +"600 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/19.md b/2sa/15/19.md index afe23082d7..cda03934d0 100644 --- a/2sa/15/19.md +++ b/2sa/15/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Ittai ## +# Ittai -The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gittite ## +# Gittite -This is the name of a people group. +Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md). -## Why did you go you with us, too? ## +# Why will you come with us? -This is indicating that the king had not asked them to go along. AT: "I do not want to cause you to wonder around with us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question indicates that the king does not think they should go along with him. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You do not need to go with us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Since you just left yesterday ## +# why should I make you wander all over with us? -This is exaggeration used for emphasis. Ittai the Gittite had been with David at least 20 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This rhetorical question emphasizes David did not want Ittai to come. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I do not want to cause you to wander around with us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## May loyalty and faithfulness go with you ## +# Since you just left yesterday -"May Yahweh bless you always." \ No newline at end of file +Here "yesterday" is an exaggeration that emphasizes a short amount of time. Ittai the Gittite had lived there for several years. AT: "Since you have lived here only a short time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# May loyalty and faithfulness go with you + +This is a blessing that David is giving to him. AT: "May Yahweh be faithful and loyal to you always" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/21.md b/2sa/15/21.md index 8de5983e5f..cebce192f7 100644 --- a/2sa/15/21.md +++ b/2sa/15/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## As Yahweh lives, and as my master the king lives ## +# As Yahweh lives, and as my master the king lives -He is making a solemn promise. "I solemnly promise" +Here the speaker is making a solemn promise. He compare the certainty the he will fulfill his promise to the certainty that Yahweh and the king are alive. AT: "I solemnly promise that as surely as Yahweh and the king live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## whether that means living or dying ## +# your servant + +Ittai refers to himself this way to honor the king. + +# whether that means living or dying "even if I get killed supporting you" -## All the country wept with a loud voice ## +# All the country wept with a loud voice -This deliberate exaggeration is used to emphasize the concern for King David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Many of the people of Israel wept loudly when they saw the king leaving. Here this is generalized by saying that the whole country wept. AT: "All the people along the road wept" or "Many of the people wept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Kidron Valley ## +# with a loud voice -The name of a place just outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the many people who were weeping are spoken of as if they shared one loud voice. AT: "loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Kidron Valley + +This is the name of a place near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/24.md b/2sa/15/24.md index e35eff0ec0..3a6f5709f3 100644 --- a/2sa/15/24.md +++ b/2sa/15/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## find favor in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# I find favor in the eyes of Yahweh -Here "eyes" refers to presence. AT: "Yahweh is pleased with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the "eyes of Yahweh" refer to Yahweh's thoughts and opinion. If you "find favor" with someone it means that they are pleased with you. AT: "Yahweh is pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# where he lives + +"where his presence is." The ark of the covenant symbolizes Yahweh's presence. This refers to the place where the ark is. AT: "where it is kept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/27.md b/2sa/15/27.md index 8e4c3a6f71..1196987bb2 100644 --- a/2sa/15/27.md +++ b/2sa/15/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Zadok... Ahimaaz... Abiathar... Jonathan ## +# Ahimaaz -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## "Are you not a seer? ## +# Abiathar -AT: "You will find out what is happening." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 8:17](../08/15.md). -## See ## +# Are you not a seer? -This is just used to continue the quotation. +This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Zadok and can be translated as a statement. AT: "You will be able to find out what is happening." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## until word comes from you to inform me ## +# See -"until a messenger comes from you to tell me what is happening in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here this word means for the listener to pay attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# until word comes from you + +This refers to him sending a messenger to the king. AT: "until you send a messenger to me to inform me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to inform me + +Here the king implies he is to receive a message informing him about what is happening in Jerusalem. AT: "to tell me what is happening in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/30.md b/2sa/15/30.md index 24b7a19fa1..7527a13034 100644 --- a/2sa/15/30.md +++ b/2sa/15/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## barefoot ## +# barefoot -wearing no shoes or sandals on his feet +wearing no shoes or sandals -## his head covered ## +# his head covered -a sign of mourning and shame +This is a sign of mourning and shame. AT: "his head covered in mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Ahithophel ## +# Ahithophel -This is the name of a person. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 15:11](./11.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:11](./11.md). -## conspirators ## +# conspirators people who join together against someone else -## please turn Ahithophel's advice into foolishness ## +# please turn Ahithophel's advice into foolishness -AT: "please do not let Ahithophel's plans to defeat me succeed" \ No newline at end of file +David is asking Yahweh to make Ahitohphel's advice foolish and useless. AT: "please let whatever advice Ahithophel gives be foolishness and unsuccessful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/32.md b/2sa/15/32.md index f416aeb43a..c58e84bee9 100644 --- a/2sa/15/32.md +++ b/2sa/15/32.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## It came about ## +# It came about -AT: "It happened" +"It happened." This phrase marks the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## where God used to be worshiped ## +# at the top of the road -"where people once worshiped God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "top" is used here because David went up in elevation and is at the top of a hill. AT: "at the top of the hill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Hushai ## +# where God used to be worshiped + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where people once worshiped God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Hushai This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Archite ## +# Arkite -This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/peoplegroup]]) +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## with his coat torn and earth on his head ## +# with his coat torn and earth on his head -This is an act of shame or repentance. \ No newline at end of file +This is an act showing shame or repentance. Here the word "earth" means dirt. AT: "He had torn his clothes and put dirt on his head to show that he was very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you will confuse Ahithophel's advice for me + +David is suggest to Hushai that he oppose whatever Ahithopel advises. AT: "you can serve me by by opposing Ahithophel's advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/35.md b/2sa/15/35.md index 3c0cbe4020..87c5fc2156 100644 --- a/2sa/15/35.md +++ b/2sa/15/35.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## And will you not have there with you Zadok and Abiathar the priests? ## +# Will you not have the priests Zadok and Abiathar with you? -This question is asked to show that Hushai the Archite will not be alone. AT: "Zadok and Abiathar the priests will be there." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]} +David asks this rhetorical question to tell Hushai that he will not be alone. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Zadok and Abiathar the priests will be there to help you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## So whatever you hear in the king’s palace, you must tell it to Zadok and Abiathar the priests. ## +# whatever you hear -This is why David wanted Hushai to remain behind, so he could be a spy and pass information along through the priests. +This is a generalization. It means all of the important and insightful things that he hears, not every single word he hears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Ahimaaz... Jonathan ## +# Ahimaaz ... Jonathan These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## You must send to me by their hand ## +# by their hand -AT: "The sons will tell me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "their hand" refers to the sons and means that they were to serve as messengers. AT: "their sons to tell me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/15/intro.md b/2sa/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bdeed3ddd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Samuel 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the story of Absalom's attempted revolt. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Absalom's conspiracy ##### +For four years, Absalom made many allies in an attempt to make himself king. This is why he acted as a judge for the people. Since this was all done in secret, it is called a "conspiracy." David found out and fled with those in the army who were loyal to him. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +The author used the metaphor of a thief to describe how Absalom was able to win people's loyalty: "So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/01.md b/2sa/16/01.md index 1bed635bc8..f52834005e 100644 --- a/2sa/16/01.md +++ b/2sa/16/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## Ziba ## +# Ziba -a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Mephibosheth ## +# Mephibosheth -Translate this as you did in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). -## saddled donkeys ## +# two hundred loaves ... one hundred clusters ... one hundred bunches -"donkeys wearing small seats for a rider" +"200 loaves ... 100 clusters ... 100 bunches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## two hundred...one hundred ## - -"200...100" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## loaves of bread ## +# loaves of bread "cakes of bread" -## clusters of raisins...bunches of figs ## +# clusters of raisins ... bunches of figs -a cluster or a bunch refers to cakes of raisins or figs pressed together into larger blocks +These phrases refer to raisins or figs pressed together. -## raisins ## +# raisins -AT: "dried grapes" +"dried grapes" -## faint ## +# a skin of wine + +"a wineskin full of wine" + +# faint "very, very tired" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/03.md b/2sa/16/03.md index 642f156aa2..53c2f62504 100644 --- a/2sa/16/03.md +++ b/2sa/16/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## grandson ## +# your master's grandson -a man or woman's son or daughter's son +"Mephibosheth, your master's grandson" -## house of Israel ## +# grandson -This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +the son of one's son or daughter -## Mephibosheth ## +# Look -Translate this as you did in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here this word is used to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# house of Israel + +This refers to the people of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will restore my father's kingdom to me + +Having a descendant of Saul being allowed to rule is spoken of as the kingdom being restored to their family. AT: "will allow me to rule the kingdom that my grandfather ruled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Mephibosheth + +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). + +# I bow in humility to you + +Ziba is not literally bowing before the king when he is speaking here. This means that he will serve the king with the same amount of humility he would be showing if he were literally bowing before him. AT: "I will humbly serve you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let me find favor in your eyes + +The phrase "find favor" means to be approved of by someone. Also, "eyes" is a metonym for sight, and sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "I want you to be pleased with me" or "I desire you for to be pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/05.md b/2sa/16/05.md index a34599cdd8..0062349166 100644 --- a/2sa/16/05.md +++ b/2sa/16/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Bahurim ## +# Bahurim -This is the name of a city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [2 Samuel 3:16](../03/14.md). -## Shimei... Gera ## +# Shimei ... Gera These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## bodyguards ## +# in spite of + +"even though there was" + +# bodyguards These are men who protect an important person. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/07.md b/2sa/16/07.md index b54c71de9a..d69cc87522 100644 --- a/2sa/16/07.md +++ b/2sa/16/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## villain ## +# villain someone who is evil, a criminal or lawbreaker -## man of blood ## +# man of blood -David, who has killed many in battle - AT: "man of killing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "blood" refers to all of men he was responsible for killing in battle. AT: "murderer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Yahweh has repaid all of you for the blood of Saul's family ## +# Yahweh has repaid -AT: "Yahweh has given you the same defeat and death that you gave to Saul's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh repays them by punishing them. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Yahweh has punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## into the hand of Absalom your son ## +# for the blood you shed within the family of Saul -Here "hand" refers to control. AT: "into the control of Absalom your son." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "blood" refer to people who were killed from Saul's family. The king was responsible for them dying. AT: "for killing many of Saul's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in whose place you have reigned + +David reigned as king over the same people whom Saul had previously reigned. AT: "in whose place you have reigned as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# into the hand of Absalom + +Here "hand" refers to control. AT: "into the control of Absalom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/09.md b/2sa/16/09.md index c4b161fe2c..cbe27e0abf 100644 --- a/2sa/16/09.md +++ b/2sa/16/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Abishai... Zeruiah ## +# Abishai -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Why should this dead dog curse my master the king? ## +# Zeruiah -Abishai asked this question to express his anger at the man. AT: "This worthless man must not speak to the king this way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## this dead dog ## +# Why should this dead dog curse my master the king? -"this worthless man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Abishai asked this question to express his anger at the man. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "This dead dog must not speak to the king this way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What have I to do with you, sons of Zeruiah? ## +# this dead dog -This question is asked to correct the sons of Zeruiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here the man is being described as worthless by being compared to a dead dog. AT: "this worthless man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Perhaps he is cursing me because ## +# What have I to do with you, sons of Zeruiah? -AT: "He may be cursing me because" +This rhetorical question is asked to correct the sons of Zeruiah. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "I do not want to know what you think!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## could ## +# Perhaps he is cursing me because -"can" \ No newline at end of file +"He may be cursing me because" + +# Who then could say to him, 'Why are you cursing the king? + +This is said as a rhetorical question to emphasize that the answer is "no one." This can be written as a statement. AT: "No one then can ask him, 'Why are you cursing the king?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/11.md b/2sa/16/11.md index 6f6dbfda96..1c2f83ea4c 100644 --- a/2sa/16/11.md +++ b/2sa/16/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## Leave him alone and let him curse, ## +# my son, who was born from my body -AT: "Do not stop him from cursing me," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +David describes his son this way to emphasize the close bond between a father and his son. AT: "my own son" or "my dear son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Perhaps Yahweh will look at the misery unleashed on me, and repay me with good for his cursing me today. ## +# wants to take my life -AT: "It may happen that Yahweh will look at the difficulty I have had, and instead give me good for his cursing me today." \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite way to refer to killing someone. AT: "wants to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# How much more may this Benjamite now desire my ruin? + +David uses this rhetorical question to express that he is not surprised that the man wants to kill him. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Of course this Benjamite desires my ruin!" or "I am not surprised this Benjamite desires my ruin as well!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# desire my ruin + +Here David describes the man's desire to kill him as if David were something that the man wanted to ruin. AT: "desire me to be killed" or "desire to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Leave him alone and let him curse + +Here the phrase "leave him alone" means to not stop him from what he is doing. AT: "Do not stop him from cursing me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will look at + +Here "looking" means "considering." AT: "will consider" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the misery unleashed on me + +Here David speaks of misery as if it were a dangerous animal that the Benjamite unleashed on him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/13.md b/2sa/16/13.md index 3b8f055f80..ed5d04b98a 100644 --- a/2sa/16/13.md +++ b/2sa/16/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Shimei went beside him up on the hillside ## +# Shimei went beside him up on the hillside Shimei was walking parallel to David and his men, though Shimei was up higher on the hillside. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/15.md b/2sa/16/15.md index 8bef0b1a3a..dee0998625 100644 --- a/2sa/16/15.md +++ b/2sa/16/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Ahithophel... Hushai, ## +# Ahithophel -These are the names of men. (See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 15:11](../15/11.md) and in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md)) +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## It came about ## +# Hushai -AT: "It happened that" +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Archite ## +# It came about -This is the name of a people group. \ No newline at end of file +"It happened that." This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# Arkite + +See how you translated the name of this people group in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/17.md b/2sa/16/17.md index 289f38ff5f..318be0b720 100644 --- a/2sa/16/17.md +++ b/2sa/16/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## loyalty ## +# loyalty a strong feeling of support and love -## Is this your loyalty to your friend? Why did you not go with him? ## +# Is this your loyalty to your friend? Why did you not go with him? -These questions are asked to criticize Hushai. AT: "You have been loyal to David, so you should be with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These rhetorical questions are asked to criticize Hushai. They can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have been a loyal friend to David; you should have gone with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the one whom Yahweh ## +# the one whom Yahweh -AT: "Absalom, whom Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Hushai is referring to Absalom. + +# the one whom ... that is the man ... with him + +Here Hushai is referring to Absalom in the third person to take emphasize off of him and place it on Yahweh and the people who chose him. This can be written in second person. AT: "you are the one whom ... you are the man ... with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/19.md b/2sa/16/19.md index 4d93d83c5d..5b7497a383 100644 --- a/2sa/16/19.md +++ b/2sa/16/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## what man should I serve? Should I not serve in the presence of his son? ## +# what man should I serve? Should I not serve in the presence of his son? -AT: "I should serve you, for you are David's son." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Hushai asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that he wants to serve Absalom. They can be written as a statement. AT: "I should serve only David's son, so I will serve in his presence." or "I should serve you, for you are David's son." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/20.md b/2sa/16/20.md index 306f8be3d2..57c1fd000b 100644 --- a/2sa/16/20.md +++ b/2sa/16/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Ahithophel ## +# Ahithophel -See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:11](../15/11.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## all Israel ## +# to keep the palace -AT: "all the people in the nation of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The phrase "to keep" means to take care of. AT: "to take care of the palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## become a stench to your father ## +# become a stench to your father -AT: "You have become offensive to your father" or "you have become an enemy to your father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Ahithophel speaks of Absalom offending his father as if he would become something that had a strong and offensive odor. AT: "become offensive to your father" or "greatly insulted father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the hands of all who are with you will be strong ## +# Then the hands of all who are with you will be strong -AT: "that news will strengthen the loyalty of all who follow you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the people who followed Absalom are referred to by their hands. The news will strengthen the peoples' loyalty to Absalom and encourage them. This can be stated clearly. AT: "The news of this will strengthen the loyalty of all who follow you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/22.md b/2sa/16/22.md index 6a8239c109..47148e78d9 100644 --- a/2sa/16/22.md +++ b/2sa/16/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## in the sight of all Israel ## +# spread -Here "sight" refers to anyone being able to see this and know what was happening, though not everyone did see it. AT: "so that anyone can see it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"set up" -## as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself ## +# in the sight of all Israel -Here "mouth" represents the whole authority of God. AT: "as if God had said it with his own mouth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) +This means that people were able to see the tent and Absalom walking in and out of the tent with the women. The phrase "all of Israel" is a generalization, for only people near the palace could see it. AT: "where the Israelites could see him go into the tent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## viewed ## +# Now the advice of Ahithophel ... was as if a man heard + +Here the author compare how much people trusted Ahithophel's advice with how much they would trust advice directly from God. AT: "Now people trusted the advice of Ahithophel in those days in the same way they would have trusted it if had come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself + +Here God's mouth represents himself and emphasizes his speech. AT: "as if God had said it with his own mouth" or "as if a man heard it spoken by God himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# viewed "understood" or "accepted" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/16/intro.md b/2sa/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..25a38cd36e --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Samuel 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Absalom seeks advice from David's advisers ##### +David's best adviser, Ahithophel, told Absalom to publicly seduce the concubines that David had left to take care of the palace. Because the concubines were the king's property, having sexual relations with a king's concubines implied that Absalom was now the king. This would show the people that the break with David was complete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +##### Simile ##### +To show how seriously people took Ahithophel's advice, the author used a [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] comparing his advice to God's advice. "Now the advice of Ahithophel that he gave in those days was as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself." + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/01.md b/2sa/17/01.md index ae7b842dbe..642d85c73c 100644 --- a/2sa/17/01.md +++ b/2sa/17/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## Ahithophel ## +# Ahithophel -See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:11](../15/11.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## twelve thousand men ## +# twelve thousand men -12,000 men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"12,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## pursue ## +# arise and -"chase" +"begin to" -## all the people ## +# come on -This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"come to" -## What Ahithophel said pleased Absalom ## +# weary and weak -AT: "What Ahithophel avised pleased Absalom" \ No newline at end of file +These words mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how weak David was. AT: "weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# will surprise him with fear + +Here the word "fear" can be expressed with the adjective "afraid." AT: "will surprise him and make him afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will attack only the king + +It is implied that he intends to kill the king. This can be stated clearly. AT: "I will kill only the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# bring back all the people + +This refers to all of the people who were with David. AT: "bring back all of the people who were with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# like a bride coming to her husband + +Here Ahithophel speaks of the peoples' happiness by comparing it to a bride's happiness. AT: "and they will come happily, like a bride is happy when she comes to her husband" or "and they will come happily" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# be at peace + +This means to have peace or to live peacefully. AT: "live peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# under you + +This refers to being under the king's authority. AT: "under your authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/05.md b/2sa/17/05.md index f4c1dfcfe5..26d600ea19 100644 --- a/2sa/17/05.md +++ b/2sa/17/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Hushai the Archite ## +# Hushai the Arkite -See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). Archite is the name of a people group. +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). -## Ahithophel ## +# Ahithophel -See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:11](../15/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/08.md b/2sa/17/08.md index 5dfd192f3c..eaadae4e15 100644 --- a/2sa/17/08.md +++ b/2sa/17/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## they are like a bear robbed of her cubs ## +# they are like a bear robbed of her cubs -Cubs are baby animals or young animals. AT: "Their anger is like that of a large, dangerous animal whose young ones have been taken from her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The anger of the soldiers here is being compared to that of a mother bear who cubs are taken from her. AT: "they are angry, like a mother bear whose cubs have been take from her" or "they are very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Right now ## +# a bear -"At this very point of time" +a large furry animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth -## pit ## +# is a man of war + +This means that his has fought in many battles and knows well the ways of war. AT: "has fought in many battles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Look + +Here this word is used to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# pit a deep hole in the ground -## whose hearts are like the heart of a lion ## +# or in some other place -AT: "who are as brave as a lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This is another place he may be hiding. AT: "or hidden in some other place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## all Israel knows ## +# when some of your men have been killed -AT: "all the people of Israel know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when his soldiers kill some of your men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# A slaughter has taken place among the soldiers who follow Absalom + +The noun "slaughter" means an event where many people are brutally killed. This can be expressed as a verb. AT: "Many of the soldiers who follow Absalom have been slaughtered" or "The enemy soldiers have killed many of the soldiers who follow Absalom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# whose hearts are like the heart of a lion + +Here the soldiers are refers to by their "hearts." Also, their strong bravery is compared to that of a lion's. AT: "who are as brave as lions" or "who are very brave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/11.md b/2sa/17/11.md index 4cc140508d..274fc2bf3c 100644 --- a/2sa/17/11.md +++ b/2sa/17/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## from Dan to Beersheba ## +# that all Israel should be gathered together to you -This phrase meant from the northern border of Israel to the southern border, or, "the whole nation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. Also, here "all Israel" represents only the Israelite soldiers. AT: "that you should gather together all of the Israelite soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## as numerous as the sands that are by the sea ## +# from Dan to Beersheba -All the grains of sand on a beach are compared to all the people of Israel, meaning the whole nation will follow Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) AT: "a very large number of people" +This phrase means from the northern border of Israel to the southern border. AT: "from the whole nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## we will cover him as the dew falls on the ground ## +# as numerous as the sands that are by the sea -Absalom's army is described as covering David's army like the dew covers the ground in the morning. AT: "we will completely defeat David's army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This is an exaggeration where all the grains of sand on a beach are compared to the number of Israelite soldiers. AT: "so many that they can barely be counted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## dew ## +# that you go to battle in person + +The phrase "in person" means to go yourself and not send someone else instead. AT: "then lead them yourself into battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# come on him + +This means to purposefully go to where he is and then to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# we will cover him as the dew falls on the ground + +Absalom's army is described as covering David's army like the dew covers the ground in the morning. AT: "we will overwhelm and completely defeat David's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# dew the fog or misty cloud of water that can fall onto the ground during the night, covering the ground and leaving it wet in the morning -## him himself ## +# We will not leave even one of his men ... alive + +This negative sentence is used for emphasis and can be stated in a positive form. AT: "We will kill every one of his men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# him himself Both these words refer to David. AT: "David himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/13.md b/2sa/17/13.md index e16989eab5..5f7bec8e82 100644 --- a/2sa/17/13.md +++ b/2sa/17/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## then all Israel will bring ropes to that city and we will drag it into the river, until there is no longer even a small stone found there ## +# then all Israel -This statement of Hushai uses the anger of Absalom's men against David to cause them to accept Hushai's advice. AT: "We will totally destroy any city where David hides." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This refers to Israel's soldiers, not to all of Israel. AT: "then all of our soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Hushai the Archite ## +# will bring ropes to that city and we will drag it into the river -See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). Archite is the name of a people group. +This means that the soldiers would tear down the city walls and drag the pieces to river. AT: "will destroy the city and drag the stones to the river with ropes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Ahithophel ## +# until there is no longer even a small stone found there -See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:11](../15/11.md). +This is an exaggeration to describe how completely they will destroy the city. The would not literally sweep away every small stone from the city. AT: "until the city is completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## ordained ## +# Hushai the Arkite -"planned" \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). Arkite is the name of a people group. + +# Ahithophel + +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/11.md). + +# the rejection of Ahithophel's good advice + +The word "rejection" can be expressed with the verb "reject." AT: "for the men of Israel to reject Ahithophel's good advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to bring destruction on Absalom + +To "bring" something on someone means to cause it to happen to them. AT: "to cause a disaster to happen to Absalom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/15.md b/2sa/17/15.md index cd658b5d39..1c6321b7ee 100644 --- a/2sa/17/15.md +++ b/2sa/17/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Hushai... Zadok... Abiathar... Ahithophel... Absalom ## +# Zadok ... Abiathar -These are the name of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) See how you translated Zadok and Abiathar in [2 Samuel 15:24](../15/24.md). +See how you translated these men's names in [2 Samuel 15:24-25](../15/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in such and such a way ## +# in such and such a way -This phrase refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom, which has already been recorded in [2 Samuel 17:1](./01.md). So, the writer does not repeat that here. AT: (do not translate this phrase) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase, meaning "like this," refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom earlier in [2 Samuel 17:1-3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the fords of the Arabah ## +# the fords of the Arabah -A ford is a shallow part of a river where people can walk across. The Arabah is the land along both sides of the Jordan river. +A ford is a shallow part of a river where people can walk across. The Arabah is the land along both sides of the Jordan River. -## by all means ## +# by all means -AT: "it is very important to" +This means to make sure that you do something. AT: "be sure to" or "make sure that you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the king will be swallowed up ## +# the king will be swallowed up -Swallowed up refers here to the king being killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the king and his people being killed is describes as if they were "swallowed" by their enemy. AT: "the king will be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/17.md b/2sa/17/17.md index 684733d7f3..adaacb927a 100644 --- a/2sa/17/17.md +++ b/2sa/17/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Jonathan... Ahimaaz... Absalom ## +# Jonathan ... Ahimaaz -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) See how you translated Jonathan and Ahimaaz in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). +See how you translated these men's names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## spring of Rogel... Bahurim ## +# When the message came -These are the name of places, both near Jerusalem. Bahurim is a small town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the "message" is spoken of as coming to them, when really it is the woman who came to then bringing the message. AT: "When she brought them a message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this time + +"one time" + +# So Jonathan and Ahimaaz went away + +It is implied that they found out that the young man had told Absalom about them being there. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Jonathan and Ahimaaz found out what the young man had done, so they went away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# spring of En Rogel ... Bahurim + +These are the name of places, both near Jerusalem. Bahurim is a small town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they descended + +"they lowered themselves and hid" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/19.md b/2sa/17/19.md index 1299f0db7f..d70cad01da 100644 --- a/2sa/17/19.md +++ b/2sa/17/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## tossed ## +# the woman of the house -"gently threw" +"the man's wife" -## Ahimaaz... Jonathan ## +# Ahimaaz ... Jonathan -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) See how you translated Jonathan and Ahimaaz in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these men's names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/21.md b/2sa/17/21.md index f2b75ed5db..145151a242 100644 --- a/2sa/17/21.md +++ b/2sa/17/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## It came about ## +# It came about -"It happened" +"It happened." This phrase marks the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Jonathan and Ahimaaz ## +# cross quickly over the water -See how you translated these men's names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). +Here "the water" refers to the Jordan River. AT: "cross quickly over the river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## cross quickly over the water ## +# has given such and such advice -Here "the water" refers to the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The idiom "such and such" is used in the place of information that is already know by the reader. Here it refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom in [2 Samuel 17:1-3](./01.md). This information can be stated clearly. AT: "has advised that Absalom send him with an army to attack you now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## has given such and such advice ## +# By morning daylight not one of them had failed to cross over the Jordan -This refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom, which is recorded in [2 Samuel 17:1](./01.md). So, the writer does not repeat that here. AT: "has advised that Absalom send him to attack you now." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## By morning daylight not one of them had failed to cross over the Jordan ## - -AT: "By morning daylight they had all crossed the Jordan." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This negative sentence is used to emphasize that they all crossed the river. It can be stated in a positive form. AT: "By morning daylight every one of them had crossed over the Jordan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/23.md b/2sa/17/23.md index 19de1bce9b..2f67ce27c3 100644 --- a/2sa/17/23.md +++ b/2sa/17/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## saw ## +# saw -"knew" or "understood" +"knew" or "realized" -## saddled ## +# his advice had not been followed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Absalom had not followed his advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# saddled to place a blanket or small leather seat on a donkey or horse for the rider to sit on -## set his affairs in order ## +# set his affairs in order -He told his family what to do with his possessions after he died and explained to them his death. AT: "He explained his death to his family and got them ready for it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +He prepared for his death by telling his family what to do after he died. AT: "he prepared for his death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# In this way + +"And this is how" + +# was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/24.md b/2sa/17/24.md index f1a0f50c26..de04d54e21 100644 --- a/2sa/17/24.md +++ b/2sa/17/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Mahanaim ... Gilead ## +# Mahanaim ... Gilead -These are the names of places. See how you translated these place names in [2 Samuel 2:8](../02/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Translate the names of these places the same as you did in [2 Samuel 2:8-9](../02/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Absalom ... Amasa ... Joab ... Jether ... Nahash ## +# Amasa ... Joab ... Jether ... Nahash -These are the names of men. See how you translated Joab and Zeruiah (Joab's mother) in [2 Samuel 2:12](../02/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. See how you translated Joab and Zeruiah (Joab's mother) in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Israelite ## +# Ishmaelite -Some versions say "Ishmaelite" +This word means that the person is descended from Ishmael. Some versions say "Israelite" here. See the footnote. You may want to choose the word that is used in the majority language Bible in your area. -## Abigail ... Zeruiah ## +# Abigail ... Zeruiah -these are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/27.md b/2sa/17/27.md index 2ace9ab6e6..3e80bea98a 100644 --- a/2sa/17/27.md +++ b/2sa/17/27.md @@ -1,39 +1,43 @@ -## Shobi ... Nahash ... Machir ... Ammiel ... Barzillai ## +# It came about -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Mahanaim ... Rabbah ... Lo Debar ... Rogelim ## +# Mahanaim ... Rabbah ... Lo Debar ... Rogelim These are the names of cities or places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Ammonites ... Gileadite ## +# Shobi ... Nahash ... Machir ... Ammiel ... Barzillai + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ammonites ... Gileadite These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## sleeping mats and blankets ## +# sleeping mats and blankets -a mat is something soft to sleep on, and a blanket is a cloth or wool covering for warmth +A mat is something soft to sleep on, and a blanket is a cloth covering for warmth. -## flour ## +# flour -when grain is crushed into powder that powder is called "flour," which is used to make bread +Flour is crushed grain made into powder and used to make bread. -## roasted ## +# roasted "cooked" -## beans ## +# beans -different kinds of seeds that are cooked and eaten +seeds that are cooked and eaten -## lentils ## +# lentils a kind of seed that is cooked and eaten -## curds ## +# curds -milk that has soured and has become solid. Cheese is made from curds. +milk that has soured and become solid -## thirsty ## +# thirsty in need of water or some other drink \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/17/intro.md b/2sa/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cb582ad44b --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 2 Samuel 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Confusion ##### +Ahithophel gives good advise to Absalom, but Hushai confuses Absalom. God is using the misleading advice to protect David, his king. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/01.md b/2sa/18/01.md index 90ececac83..464af34657 100644 --- a/2sa/18/01.md +++ b/2sa/18/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## thousands and ... hundreds ## +# David counted the soldiers who were with him and appointed -1000's and ... 100's (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +David did not count all of the people himself, rather other men counted them. AT: "David commanded for the soldiers who were with him to be counted and he appointed" or "David arranged the soldiers who were with him and appointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## captain ## +# captains of thousands and captains of hundreds -a person who is in authority over a group of soldiers +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. AT: "captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Abishai ... Zeruiah ... Ittai ## +# captains -men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +A captain is a person who is in authority over a group of soldiers. -## Gittite ## +# one-third ... another third -a person from Gath, a Philistine city and land (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"one-third of the army ... another third of the army." A "third" is one part out of three equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# Abishai ... Zeruiah + +See how you translated these men's names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ittai + +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:19](../15/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gittite + +This refers to a person from Gath, which is a Philistine city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I will certainly go out with you myself, too + +This means that he will go out with them to battle. This can be stated clearly. AT: "I myself will go with you to battle" or "I personally will go with you into battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/03.md b/2sa/18/03.md index c7848dda95..795f436a14 100644 --- a/2sa/18/03.md +++ b/2sa/18/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## half of us ## +# half of us -one out of two. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +The word "half" refers to one out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## you are worth ten thousand of us ## +# you are worth ten thousand of us -AT: "they would rather kill you than to kill many of us" or "it is more important that you live than that many of us live" or "you are special, and we cannot replace you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This means that the enemy army considering killing David of greater worth than killing 10,000 of the other men. The number 10,000 here is an exaggeration used to emphasize a very great number of people. AT: "they would rather kill you than to kill 10,000 of us" or "killing you is worth more to them than killing a great number of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## ten thousand ## +# ten thousand "10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## by hundreds and by thousands ## +# that you be ready to help us from the city -"by 100's and by 1000's" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +David could help them from the city by advising them and sending men to help them. This can be stated clearly. AT: "that you stay here in the city and send help to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/05.md b/2sa/18/05.md index bcc9ce2789..ed4ce98b0c 100644 --- a/2sa/18/05.md +++ b/2sa/18/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Joab ... Abishai ... Ittai ## +# Abishai -mens' names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ittai + +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:19](../15/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Deal gently for my sake with the young man, with Absalom + +"For my sake, do not harm the young man, Absalom." The phrase "Deal gently" means to be kind to someone and not to harm them. + +# my sake + +"my well-being" or "my account" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/06.md b/2sa/18/06.md index 206bf8ea69..d247f95e70 100644 --- a/2sa/18/06.md +++ b/2sa/18/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## more men were consumed by the forest than by the sword ## +# went out into the countryside against Israel -"dangerous things in the forest killed more men than David's soldiers killed with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that they went out and fought against them in battle. AT: "went out into the countryside and fought against Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# against Israel + +Here "Israel" refers to their soldiers, not all of the Israelites. AT: "against the Israelite soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The army of Israel was defeated there before the soldiers of David + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "There the soldiers of David defeated the army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a great slaughter + +an event where many people are brutally killed + +# twenty thousand men + +"20,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# more men were consumed by the forest than by the sword + +Here "the forest" is described as if it were alive and could act. "The sword" refers to David's soldiers who fought with swords. AT: "dangerous things in the forest killed more men than David's soldiers killed with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/09.md b/2sa/18/09.md index a2d7ee6d10..7eb4bcd945 100644 --- a/2sa/18/09.md +++ b/2sa/18/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Look ## +# Absalom happened to meet some of David's soldiers -AT; "Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you." +This is an event that happened during the battle. This can be stated clearly. AT: "During the battle, Absalom happened to meet some of David's soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## dangling ## +# his head was caught up in the tree branches + +Absalom had long hair that got caught in the tree branches. AT: "his hair was caught in the tree branches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dangling hanging or swinging loosely -## strike him down to the ground? ## +# between the ground and the sky -This question is asked to rebuke the soldier for not killing the Absalom. AT: "you did not kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"in the air" -## Why did you not strike him down to the ground? ## +# Look -AT: "You should have struck him down to the ground!" or "You should have killed him right there and then!" +Here this word is used to draw a person's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" -## belt ## +# Why did you not strike him down to the ground? -"a special belt that shows people that you are a great soldier and they should honor you" \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question means that he should have killed him. This question can be written as a statement. The phrase "strike down" means to kill. AT: "You should have struck him down to the ground!" or "You should have killed him immediately!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# ten silver shekels + +This can be written in modern units. AT: "ten silver coins" or "110 grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# belt + +This is a special belt that shows people that someone is a great soldier and should be honored. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/12.md b/2sa/18/12.md index df83344191..ad66470a7d 100644 --- a/2sa/18/12.md +++ b/2sa/18/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## reached out my hand against the king’s son ## +# a thousand silver shekels -AT: "attacked the king's son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"1,000 silver shekels." This can be stated in modern units. AT: "1,000 silver coins" or "11 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# would not have reached out my hand against the king's son + +The phrase "reached out my hand" means to attack. AT: "would not have attacked the king's son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# No one must touch + +Here "touching" refers to "harming." AT: "No none must harm" or "Do not harm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a falsehood + +The word "falsehood" can be expressed with a verb phrase. Also, this refers to disobeying the king's command. This can be stated clearly. AT: "doing something that is wrong" or "by disobeying the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# there is nothing hidden from the king + +Here the man speaks about how the king knows about almost everything that happens as if everything were a physical object he knew the location of. AT: "there is nothing that the king does not know" or "the king hears about everything that happens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/14.md b/2sa/18/14.md index 0e566ed03f..64c0667692 100644 --- a/2sa/18/14.md +++ b/2sa/18/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## heart ## +# I will not wait for you -"body" or "chest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Joab meant that he should not continue talking to the man. AT: "I will not waste anymore time talking to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# heart of Absalom + +Here Absalom's heart refers to his chest or upper body. AT: "chest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# armor + +This refers to both the armor he would wear to protect himself and to his weapons. AT: "armor and weapons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/16.md b/2sa/18/16.md index 20d2ffc392..95baea72cb 100644 --- a/2sa/18/16.md +++ b/2sa/18/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## returned from pursuing Israel ## +# Then Joab blew the trumpet, and the army returned from pursuing Israel, for Joab held back the army -"returned from following those men who had followed Absalom and trying to kill or capture them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This describes what Joab commanded by blowing the trumpet. AT: "Then Joab blew the trumpet to call back the army, and the army returned from pursuing Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## large pit ## +# returned from pursuing Israel -AT: "very big hole in the ground" +Here "Israel" refers to the Israelite army. AT: "returned from pursuing the Israelite army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## fled ## +# They took Absalom and threw him -AT: "ran away" \ No newline at end of file +"They took Absalom's body and threw it" + +# they buried his body under a very large pile of stones + +After putting his body in the pit they covered it with a pile of stones. This can be stated more clearly. AT: "they covered his body with a huge pile of stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# while all Israel fled + +Here "all Israel" refers to the Israelite soldiers. The word "fled" means "ran away." AT: "while all the Israelite soldiers ran away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/18.md b/2sa/18/18.md index 60ce12e3a6..5c9cdc53c7 100644 --- a/2sa/18/18.md +++ b/2sa/18/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## to carry along the memory of my name ## +# the King's Valley -"to remind people of me so they will never forget me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to carry along the memory of my name + +Absalom uses the phrase "my name" to refer to himself and his family line. AT: "to carry on my family name, by which people would remember me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so it is called Absalom's Monument to this very day + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so people called it Absalom's Monument from that day on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to this very day + +This refers to the present time when this book of the Bible was written. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/19.md b/2sa/18/19.md index 912832c1b8..9cd71e0a32 100644 --- a/2sa/18/19.md +++ b/2sa/18/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Ahimaaz ... Zadok ## +# Ahimaaz -a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the bearer of news ## +# run to the king with the good news -"the one who tells the news" \ No newline at end of file +Here Ahimaaz speaks of running to go and tell the king the good news as if the good news were a object that he were carrying. AT: "run to tell the king the good news" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the hand of his enemies + +Here "hand" refers to control. AT: "the control of his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the bearer of news + +"the one who tells the news" + +# you will bear no news + +This refers to not bearing the news to the king. AT: "you will not tell the news to the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/21.md b/2sa/18/21.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..129f66646f --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/18/21.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# tell the king what you have seen + +Joab is telling him to go and tell the king about the news of the battle. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/24.md b/2sa/18/24.md index 05fe6c718f..85b7bcbb2a 100644 --- a/2sa/18/24.md +++ b/2sa/18/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line and the beginning of a new part of the story. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline and the beginning of a new part of the story. -## watchman ## +# raised his eyes -a person who guards property from thieves +Here the watchman looking to see something is spoken of as if he lifted up his eyes. AT: "looked out beyond the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## there is news in his mouth ## +# there is news in his mouth -AT: "he has come to tell us what happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the king speaks of the man having a message as if the news were an object sitting in his mouth. AT: "he has news to tell us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/26.md b/2sa/18/26.md index 94f04daeed..9271d55e34 100644 --- a/2sa/18/26.md +++ b/2sa/18/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Ahimaaz ... Zadok ## +# I think the running of the man in front is like the running of Ahimaaz son of Zadok -See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 18:18](./18.md) \ No newline at end of file +The watchman compares the way the man ran to the way Ahimaaz runs to suggest that it may be him. AT: "I think the man running in front is Ahimaaz son Zadok, because he runs like Ahimaaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/28.md b/2sa/18/28.md index 4c057211da..5ba0bcd420 100644 --- a/2sa/18/28.md +++ b/2sa/18/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the men who lifted up their hand against my master the king ## +# He bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground -"the men who opposed and fought against my master the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +He did this to honor the king. AT: "He bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground to honor the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## a great disturbance ## +# Blessed be Yahweh -AT: "people acting as though things were not right" +"Praise Yahweh." Here "bless" means to praise. -## Turn aside ## +# the men who lifted up their hand against my master the king -"Stand out of the way" \ No newline at end of file +Here Ahimaaz speaks of the men opposing the king as if they were were raising their hands before him. AT: "the men who opposed and fought against my master the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a great disturbance + +This means that people were acting as though things were not right. + +# Turn aside and stand here + +"Move out of the way" or "Stand aside" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/31.md b/2sa/18/31.md index d186ed3e45..270e3f102d 100644 --- a/2sa/18/31.md +++ b/2sa/18/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## The enemies of my master the king, ... should be as that young man is. ## +# rose up against -AT: "I would like all your enemies ... to die the way that young man died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means to oppose. AT: "opposed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The enemies of my master the king, ... should be as that young man is + +The Cushite uses a comparison as a polite way to tell the king that Absalom is dead. This can be stated more directly. AT: "I would like all your enemies ... to die the way that young man died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# unnerved + +"upset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/18/intro.md b/2sa/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8399af7cba --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Samuel 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter tells of the defeat and death of Absalom, ending this section on Absalom's rebellion. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David's mercy ##### +David reorganized his army and sent them out to battle, but told them to be merciful to Absalom. When David's army defeated Absalom's army, Absalom fled on a mule, but his hair caught in a tree limb and the mule ran on, leaving him hanging. One of David's soldiers saw him and told Joab. Joab went and killed him. When David heard about this he mourned for his son, Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/01.md b/2sa/19/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f2e7846610 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/19/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Joab was told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told Joab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Look, the king is weeping + +The word "Look" is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen, the king is weeping" + +# So the victory that day was turned into mourning for all the army + +This means that the whole army mourned instead of celebrating. AT "So instead of celebrating victory that day, the whole army mourned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/03.md b/2sa/19/03.md index 7430e31cc3..6662c03267 100644 --- a/2sa/19/03.md +++ b/2sa/19/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## sneak ## +# like people who are ashamed sneak away when they run from battle -move without having others see \ No newline at end of file +The author compares the way that the soldiers had to sneak back into the city to the way that soldiers sneak away when they are running away from battle. This emphasizes that they were made to feel ashamed. AT: "in the same way that people who had run away from battle would sneak away because they were ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# sneak + +move without being seen by others + +# The king covered his face + +This is a way to express grief and mourning. AT: "The king showed his grief by covering his face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/05.md b/2sa/19/05.md index 0dbed6017f..da4377646f 100644 --- a/2sa/19/05.md +++ b/2sa/19/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## You have shamed the faces of all your soldiers today ## +# You have shamed the faces of all your soldiers today -Here "faces" refers to the soldier's pride. AT: "you have caused the soldiers to hide their faces in shame instead return in victory." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here the soldiers are referred to by their face to emphasize how they would have hid their faces because of their shame" AT: "You have caused all your soldiers to hide their faces in shame today" or "You have caused all of your soldiers to be ashamed today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## nothing to you ## +# nothing to you -This phrase is expressing the very low value which David has for the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This phrase is an exaggeration, but it expresses the very low value that David showed for the army. AT: "are worth very little to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## if Absolom had lived, and we had all died, then that would have pleased you ## +# if Absalom had lived, and we all had died, then that would have pleased you -The speaker is introducing a hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file +The speaker is giving a hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/07.md b/2sa/19/07.md index 1a7393df74..bc51cf5ad6 100644 --- a/2sa/19/07.md +++ b/2sa/19/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## I swear by Yahweh ## +# I swear by Yahweh -Joab is making a very strong oath. +Joab is making a very strong oath. AT: "I swear, as surely as Yahweh is alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## all the people ## +# if you do not go, not one man will remain with you -Here "the people" refers to the nation of Israel. It is unlikely that every person in the nation of Israel is present here, so this is likely an intentional exaggeration for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that only if David went would his soldiers remain with him. AT: "only if you go will any of your men remain with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# not one man will remain with you + +This refers to them remaining loyal to him. AT: "not one man will remain loyal to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all the people were told + +This is a generalization. It means most of the men. It can be stated in active form. AT: "many of the men who were there heard others saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Look, the king is sitting + +The word "Look" is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen, the king is sitting" + +# all the people + +Here "the people" refer to the people who followed David. Here "all" is an generalization. It means a large number came and gathered around him. AT: "many of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# So Israel fled, every man to his home + +Here "Israel" refers to the Israelite soldiers who followed Absalom. AT: "And every Israelite soldier fled to his own home" or "And all of the Israelite soldiers fled to their homes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/09.md b/2sa/19/09.md index 54eb0f09a3..c87b7afe8e 100644 --- a/2sa/19/09.md +++ b/2sa/19/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Meanwhile ## +# out of the hand of our enemies -while the events of [2 Samuel 19:1](./01.md) were taking place +Here "hand" means control. AT: "from under the control of our enemies" or "from our enemies' control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## hand ## +# out of the hand of the Philistines -control and power (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "hand" means control. AT: "from under the control of the Philistines" or "from the Philistines' control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## why are we not talking about bringing the king back? ## +# out of the land because of Absalom -"We should be talking about bringing the king back!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that he had left the country fleeing from Absalom. This can be stated clearly. AT: "out of the country fleeing from Absalom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# why do you say nothing about bringing the king back? + +This means they should consider bringing David back now that Absalom was dead. The question may be written as a statement. AT: "we should be talking about bringing the king back." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the king + +This refers to David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/11.md b/2sa/19/11.md index 8ae4946001..614bda0069 100644 --- a/2sa/19/11.md +++ b/2sa/19/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Why are you the last to bring the king back to his palace, since the talk of all Israel favors the king, to bring him back to his palace? ## +# sent to Zadok and to Abiathar -This question is asked to rebuke the elders in Judah. AT: "you should have been the first to favor the king and bring him back to the palace, not the people of the nation of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This means that David sent a messenger to Zadok and Abiathar. AT: "sent a messenger to Zadok and to Abiathar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## You are my brothers, my flesh and bone. Why then are you the last to bring back the king?' ## +# Why are you the last to bring the king back ... to bring him back to his palace? -This question continues the initial rebuke. In addition, the phrase "my flesh and bone" refers to the elders of Judah as an expression which means "family." AT: "You are my brothers, like my family. You should have been the first, not the last, to bring back the king."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question is asked to rebuke the elders in Judah. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should have been the first to favor the king and bring him back to the palace, not the people of the nation of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# since the talk of all Israel favors the king, to bring + +The noun "talk" can be expressed with the verb "talk" or "speak." AT: "since all Israel speaks favorably about the king and desires to bring" or "since what the people of Israel are saying is in the king's favor, to bring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to bring the king back to his palace + +Here restoring the king's authority to rule is spoken of as bringing him back to his palace. AT: "to restore the king's authority as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You are my brothers, my flesh and bone + +Here the king describes how they are related by saying that they have the same flesh and bones. Also the implied words "you are" may be added to the second phrase. AT: "You are my brothers, my relatives" or "You are my brothers, you are my flesh and bone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Why then are you the last to bring back the king? + +This is the second rhetorical question here and it is also a rebuke for the elders of Judah. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should have been the first, not the last, to bring back the king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/13.md b/2sa/19/13.md index 1cf25add33..dada65e049 100644 --- a/2sa/19/13.md +++ b/2sa/19/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Amasa ## +# Amasa -This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 17:25](../17/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## he won the hearts ## +# Are you not my flesh and my bone? -AT: "he won the loyalty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +David uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that they are related. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You are my flesh and my bones." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the Jordan ## +# my flesh and my bone -the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here David speaks of them being related by saying that they have the same flesh and bones. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 19:12](./11.md). AT: "my relative" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God do so to me + +This is an idiom that means for God to kill him. AT: "May God kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he won the hearts + +Here the mens' loyalty is referred to as their "hearts." AT: "he won the loyalty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as one man + +This speaks of the men being united in their loyalty to the king as if they were one man with the same mind. AT: "and they were united together" or "they were united in their loyalty to the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They sent to the king + +This means that they sent a messenger to the king. AT: "They sent a messenger to the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/16.md b/2sa/19/16.md index 874f84b77b..bebccdc674 100644 --- a/2sa/19/16.md +++ b/2sa/19/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Gera... Ziba ## +# Gera ... Ziba -the names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. Translate the name "Ziba" the same as you did in [2 Samuel 9:2](../09/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Benjamite ## +# Bahurim -a member of the tribe of Benjamin +Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 3:16](../03/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Bahurim ## +# one thousand men ... fifteen sons ... twenty servants -the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"1,000 men ... 15 sons ... 20 servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in the presence of the king + +This means that the king was there and was aware of what was happening. AT: "at the place where the king was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/19.md b/2sa/19/19.md index 7a9b571f44..a594ec9c09 100644 --- a/2sa/19/19.md +++ b/2sa/19/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## call to mind ## +# call to mind -AT: "remember" or "think about." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This means "to remember." AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## take it to heart ## +# your servant -Here "heart" refers to David's thinking. AT: "be seriously moved" or "become upset." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Shimei refers to himself this way to humble himself before the king and honor the king. + +# not take it to heart + +"To take something to heart" means to think about something seriously or to be bothered by it. AT: "not be bothered by it" or "forget about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/21.md b/2sa/19/21.md index d5e4a28147..94e8e7df0b 100644 --- a/2sa/19/21.md +++ b/2sa/19/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Abishai... Zeruiah... Shimei ## +# Abishai -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Should not Shimei be put to death for this, because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed? ## +# Zeruiah -AT: "Shimei should be put to death because he cursed David, the anointed King of the nation of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Yahweh's anointed ## +# Should not Shimei be put to death for this, because he cursed Yahweh's anointed? -David +Abishai was angry at Shimei for cursing David and is suggesting that he should be killed. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Shimei should be put to death because he cursed Yahweh's anointed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What have I to do with you, ... that you should today be adversaries to me? Will any man be put to death today in Israel? ## +# Yahweh's anointed -Each of these questions is asked to rebuke Abishai and those who thought Shimei should be executed. AT: "I don't know what to do with you ...! No person will be be executed today in the nation of Israel! Because I am the king over all the nation of Israel today." +This refers to David. It means that he is the man that Yahweh had anointed as king. AT: "the man that Yahweh has anointed as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## do I not know that today I am king ...? ## +# What have I to do with you ... that you should today be adversaries to me? -Possible meanings are 1) see UDB or 2) "today I am the one who is king ...!" \ No newline at end of file +David uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Abishai. This can be written as a statement. AT: "We have nothing in common with you, you sons of Zeruiah! You have no good reason to become my adversaries today." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will any man be put to death today in Israel? For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? + +David uses these rhetorical questions to continue rebuking Abishai. These questions can be written as statements. AT: "No person will be executed today in the nation of Israel, because today I am the one who is king over all of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will any man be put to death + +This phrase "put to death" means to be killed or executed. AT: "Will any man be killed" or "Will I order any man to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? + +Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are 1) "I know that I am still king of Israel." or 2) "Today I am the one who is king over Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/24.md b/2sa/19/24.md index 44bdd7c599..961a7c5544 100644 --- a/2sa/19/24.md +++ b/2sa/19/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Mephibosheth ## +# Mephibosheth -Translate this as you did in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## He had not dressed his feet, or trimmed his beard, or washed his clothes from the day the king left until the day he came home in peace. ## +# He had not dressed his feet -These acts together represent that Mephibosheth was in mourning for David until he had returned safely. AT: "He did not care for himself; he mourned for David until David had safely returned home safely." \ No newline at end of file +"He had not cared for his feet." Mephibosheth's feet were crippled. This phrase means that he had not taken proper care of his feet. + +# Why did you not go with me, Mephibosheth? + +David is asking Mephibosheth why he did not go with David when David and all the people who followed him left Jerusalem. AT: "Why did you not go with me when I left Jerusalem, Mephibosheth?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/26.md b/2sa/19/26.md index dc694eb120..0c5b227761 100644 --- a/2sa/19/26.md +++ b/2sa/19/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## what is good in your eyes ## +# Ziba -AT: "what you believe to be the right thing to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 9:2](../09/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# my master the king is like an angel of God + +Here David's wisdom is compared to the wisdom of an angel. AT: "my master the king is as wise as an angel of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# do what is good in your eyes + +This means to do what you think is right. AT: "do what you believe to be the right thing to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all my father's house were dead men before my master the king + +Mephibosheth speaks of how his relatives had deserved to be executed as if they had already been executed and were dead. AT: "all my father's house deserved for my master the king to order them to be executed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my father's house + +This refers to his father's relatives. AT: "my father's relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What right therefore have I that I should still cry any more to the king? + +Mephibosheth uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he has no right to request anything from the king. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Therefore, I have no right to ask the king to do anything else for me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/29.md b/2sa/19/29.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c556877e4b --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/19/29.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Why explain anything further? + +David uses this rhetorical question to tell him that he does not need to continue talking about his conflict with Ziba. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You do not need to explain this any further." or "You certainly do not need to say any more." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/31.md b/2sa/19/31.md index adc56d04ce..17050e022d 100644 --- a/2sa/19/31.md +++ b/2sa/19/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Barzillai ## +# Barzillai -See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Rogelim ... Mahanaim ## +# Gileadite -See how you translated these in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). +See how you translated the name of this people group in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gileadite ## +# Rogelim ... Mahanaim -See how you translated these in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). +See how you translated the names of these places in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the Jordan ## +# the Jordan -a short name for the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +the Jordan River + +# eighty years old + +"80 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# furnished + +"provided" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/34.md b/2sa/19/34.md index 6c2b9b2720..a171d365eb 100644 --- a/2sa/19/34.md +++ b/2sa/19/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## How many days are left in the years of my life, that I should go up with the king to Jerusalem? ## +# How many days are left in the years of my life, that I should go up with the king to Jerusalem? -AT: "I am certainly not going to live many more years. There is no good reason for me to go up with the king to Jerusalem!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here Barzillai means that he is old and that there is no reason for him to accompany David. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am certainly not going to live many more years. There is no good reason for me to go up with the king to Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why then should your servant be a burden to my master the king? ## +# eighty years old -AT: "You would have to work hard to take care of me, and I would not be able to do anything good for you. That would be wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"80 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Can I distinguish between good and bad? + +Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. Here "good" and "bad" refer to what is desirable and what is not. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "I cannot distinguish between what is desirable and what is not." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Can your servant taste what I eat or what I drink? + +Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "I cannot enjoy the taste of what I eat and drink." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? + +Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "I cannot hear well the voices of singing men and singing women." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why then should your servant be a burden to my master the king? + +Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not want to be a burden to the king. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Your servant should not go with you and be a burden to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why should the king repay me with such a reward? + +Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not know why the king would reward him this way. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I do not know why the king would repay me with such a great reward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/37.md b/2sa/19/37.md index cf147696fd..365ee68fb8 100644 --- a/2sa/19/37.md +++ b/2sa/19/37.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Barzillai asks that Kimham be allowed to take his place with David. +# General Information: -## Kimham ## +Barzillai asks that Kimham be allowed to take his place instead with David. -This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Kimham + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# by the grave of my father and my mother + +This does not mean that he wants to die right next to their graves, but rather, that he wants to die in the city where they are buried. This can be stated clearly. AT: "where my father's and my mother's graves are" or "where my father and my mother are buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let him cross over + +This refers to crossing the Jordan River. AT: "Let him cross over the Jordan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/38.md b/2sa/19/38.md index d7bbfe55be..b698e88e4a 100644 --- a/2sa/19/38.md +++ b/2sa/19/38.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Kimham ## +# Kimham will go over with me -Translate the same as you translated it in [2 Samuel 19:37](./37.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to crossing the Jordan River. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Kimham will cross the river with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/40.md b/2sa/19/40.md index 61719faf83..ee081458fe 100644 --- a/2sa/19/40.md +++ b/2sa/19/40.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Kimham ## +# crossed over to Gilgal -Translate this as you did in [2 Samuel 19:37](./37.md). +They crossed over the Jordan River. AT: "crossed over the river to Gilgal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Why have our brothers, the men of Judah, stolen you away and brought the king and his family over the Jordan, and all David’s men with him? ## +# Kimham -This question is asked because the people of Israel feel betrayed by the people of Judah. AT: "It is not right that the people of Judah who did not support you as king have the privilege if bringing you back across the Jordan River." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +See how you translated this name in [2 Samuel 19:37](./37.md). -## the Jordan ## +# All the army of Judah brought the king over, and also half the army of Israel -A shortened name for the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"All the army of Judah and half the army of Israel brought the king over" + +# brought the king over + +They crossed over the Jordan River with the king. AT: "escorted the king over the river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Why have our brothers, the men of Judah ... and all David's men with him? + +The men of Israel use this question to express that they feel betrayed by the people of Judah. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "It is not right that our brothers, the men of Judah, who did not support you as king, had the privilege of bringing you and your family back across the Jordan River." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# stolen you away + +The men of Israel speak of how the men of Judah escorted the king across the river as if the king were something they stole that did not belong to them. AT: "taken you away from us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Jordan + +the Jordan River \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/42.md b/2sa/19/42.md index ed7857cf37..c9309e7c64 100644 --- a/2sa/19/42.md +++ b/2sa/19/42.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Why then are you angry about this? ## +# Why then are you angry about this? -AT: "You have no reason to be upset about this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The men of Judah ask this rhetorical question to rebuke the men of Israel. This can be written as a statement. AT: "But you have no reason to be upset about this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why then did you despise us? ## +# Have we eaten anything that the king had to pay for? Has he given us any gifts? -AT: "You should not have treated us as though we were unimportant!" \ No newline at end of file +The men of Judah ask the question to express that they have not taken anything from the king. This can be written as a statement. AT: "The king has never paid for our food, and he has never given us any gifts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# we have even more right to David than you + +"we have a greater claim to David than you do." It may be helpful to state clearly what having "more right" means. AT: "we have more right to serve the king and to be with the king than you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Why then did you despise us? + +The men of Israel ask this rhetorical question to express their anger. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not have despised us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Was not our proposal to bring back our king the first to be heard? + +The men of Israel ask this question to remind and rebuke the people of Judah. This can be written as a statement. AT: "We were the first to suggest that we bring back the king!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the words of the men of Judah were even more harsh than the words of the men of Israel + +"the men of Judah spoke even more harshly than the men of Israel did" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/19/intro.md b/2sa/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bad89bbb6a --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# 2 Samuel 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### David told to stop mourning Absalom ##### +Joab warned David that if he continued to mourn Absalom and not thank his army, they would all desert him. So David went out to encourage the soldiers. David was both a good father and a good leader. + +##### David made king again ##### +This chapter record the recognition that David was the true king of Israel. It is important to remember that even though Absalom had power for a while, David never stopped being the king. + +##### The ten tribes and Judah argue over David ##### +The ten tribes of Israel argued with the tribe of Judah about who would bring David across the river. The men of Judah answered the ten tribes very harshly. This may foreshadow, or give a glimpse of, the future civil war that would come to divide these two groups. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +The people wanted David back as their king and expressed it in a rhetorical question: "So why are we not talking about bringing the king back?" David also used a question to persuade the people of Judah to bring him back: "You are my brothers, my flesh and bone. Why then are you the last to bring back the king?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/01.md b/2sa/20/01.md index cecce8ad9b..3608fba4ec 100644 --- a/2sa/20/01.md +++ b/2sa/20/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## to be at the same place ## +# to be at the same place This refers to the town of Gilgal. -## Sheba...Bichri ## +# Sheba ... Bikri These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## We have no part in David, neither have we any inheritance in the son of Jesse ## +# We have no part in David, neither have we any inheritance in the son of Jesse -Both of these statements mean the same thing. Sheba is emphasizing that he and the tribes of Israel have no relationship with David and the tribe of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## Let every man go back to his home, Israel ## - -Sheba is speaking to the people of the northern tribes of Israel. This does not include the southern tribe of Judah. \ No newline at end of file +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Sheba is emphasizing that he and the tribes of Israel have no relationship with David. AT: "The inheritance of David and his father's family does not belong to us" or "We are not a part of David and his father's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/03.md b/2sa/20/03.md index 722c711c2e..c9024a182b 100644 --- a/2sa/20/03.md +++ b/2sa/20/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## to keep the palace ## +# to keep the palace -"to take care of the palace" or "in charge of the palace" +Here the phrase "to keep" means to take care of. AT: "to take care of the palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he put them in a house under guard ## +# in a house under guard -AT: "he put them in a guarded house because they had slept with his son, Absalom, and were now defiled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +If a house is "under guard" it means that a guard is posted at the house. AT: "in a house and put a guard there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## widows ## +# they were shut up + +This means that they were not allowed to leave the house. AT: "they were shut inside the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# widows These are women whose husbands have died. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/04.md b/2sa/20/04.md index 7b49652dec..a649c808f4 100644 --- a/2sa/20/04.md +++ b/2sa/20/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## Amasa ## +# Amasa -This is commander of David's army. See how you translated his name in [2 Samuel 17:24](../17/24.md). - -## days ## - -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeday]] \ No newline at end of file +This is the commander of David's army. See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 17:25](../17/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/06.md b/2sa/20/06.md index bb68f1b220..4b675f07ba 100644 --- a/2sa/20/06.md +++ b/2sa/20/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Abishai ## +# Abishai -This is another commander of David's army. See how you translated his name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). +This is another commander of David's army. See how you translated his name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## do us harm ## +# do us more harm -"hurt us" +"hurt us more" -## your master’s servants, my soldiers ## +# your master's servants, my soldiers -Both of these phrases mean the same thing. David refers to himself as "your master." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with less authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The phrase "my soldiers" clarifies which "servants." David refers to himself as "your master" as a formal way of speaking to someone with less authority. -## pursue after ## +# pursue after -"seek after" or "chase after" +"chase after" -## he will find fortified cities and escape out of our sight ## +# he will find fortified cities -"he will get away from us and find protection in a strong city" +This means that Sheba and his men will enter these cities to hide from David's army. The word "he" represents Sheba but refers to both him and his men. AT: "he and his men will hide in fortified cities" or "he and his men will take refuge in fortified cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Cherethites, Pelethites ## +# out of our sight -These are the names of people-groups who helped to protect King David. See how you translated these in [2 Samuel 8:15](../08/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here David refers to his army by their sight to emphasize that Sheba and his men would be hidden and David's army would be unable to capture them. AT: "from us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Kerethites ... Pelethites + +These are the names of people groups who helped to protect King David. See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/08.md b/2sa/20/08.md index a647ef4166..c79fe00f82 100644 --- a/2sa/20/08.md +++ b/2sa/20/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## When they were ## +# When they were -"When the Joab and the men of Judah" +"When Joab and the men of Judah were" -## belt ## +# belt a strip of leather or other material used to hold clothing or weapons in place -## sheathed sword ## +# sheathed sword This means the sword was in its protective covering. -## the sword fell ## +# the sword fell out -Joab let the sword fall out to fool Amasa into thinking that he (Joab) was unarmed. Now Joab could get very close to Amasa. \ No newline at end of file +Joab let the sword fall out to fool Amasa into thinking that he Joab was unarmed, so that Amasa would allow him to walk closer to him. AT: "he allowed the sword to fall on the ground so Amasa would think he was unarmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/09.md b/2sa/20/09.md index 4f957664f0..6f3865a21f 100644 --- a/2sa/20/09.md +++ b/2sa/20/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## my cousin ## +# my cousin Amasa was the son of the sister of Joab's mother. -## affectionately ## +# affectionately "kindly" -## took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him ## +# took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him This was a common way for men to greet one another. -## dagger ## +# dagger -a short sword that is easy to hide and was often used for close-in fighting and assassinations. +a short sword that is easy to hide and was often used for close-in fighting and assassinations -## bowels spilled ## +# bowels spilled -"intestines spilled" - -## his brother pursued ## - -"his brother went after" or "his brother chased after" - -## Sheba the son of Bichri ## - -See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 20:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +"intestines spilled" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/11.md b/2sa/20/11.md index 93c5d1caa0..8dda3dda4c 100644 --- a/2sa/20/11.md +++ b/2sa/20/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Amasa lay wallowing in his blood ## +# he who is for David -Amasa may have still been alive and rolling in his blood. But, he was probably dead by this time. AT: "Amasa lay dead in his blood" +To be "for" someone means to support them. AT: "he who supports David" or "he who is loyal to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## all the people ## +# Amasa lay wallowing in his blood -"all the soldiers" +"Amasa lay squirming in his blood." Amasa may have still been alive and rolling in his blood, but he was probably dead by this time. It is described this way to show how gruesome his body looked. AT: "Amasa lay dead in his blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## After Amasa was taken off the road ## +# all the people stood still ... came by him stood still -AT: "After the man took Amasa off the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means they stopped walking and were staring at Amasa's dead body. AT: "all the people stood still staring at the dead body ... came by him stood still, staring at his dead body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he carried Amasa + +"he carried Amasa's body" + +# After Amasa was taken off the road + +This may be stated in active form. AT: "After the man took Amasa off the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in pursuit of + +This abstract noun can be stated as a verb. AT: "pursuing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/14.md b/2sa/20/14.md index 8d97736976..ce80fcdbf1 100644 --- a/2sa/20/14.md +++ b/2sa/20/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## to Abel, to Beth Maacah ## +# Sheba passed through -"Abel of Beth Maacha" or "Abel Beth Maacha." Both names refer to the same place. It is a city near the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here "Sheba" refers to both him and his army. AT: "Sheba and his army" or "Sheba and his men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## of the Berites ## +# Abel of Beth Maacah -This is the name of a people group. It may refer to the descendants of Bichri. +"Abel Beth Maacah." Both names refer to the same place and may be combined. It is a city near the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and also pursued Sheba ## +# of the Bikrites -"and also followed Sheba" +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## They caught up with him ## +# also pursued Sheba + +"also followed Sheba" + +# They caught up with him "Joab and the soldiers caught up with him" -## against the city against the wall ## +# against the city against the wall "against the city wall" -## Listen, please listen ## +# battered the wall to knock it down -This is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that they used a battering ram to knock down the wall. A battering ram was a cut tree or large log with a sharpened end or an end covered in metal. It was held by several men who would pound the end against a wall. AT: "used a battering ram to knock down the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Listen, please listen + +The repetition of "Listen" strengthens the woman's plea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/17.md b/2sa/20/17.md index 823ae27d4d..53865f5ed2 100644 --- a/2sa/20/17.md +++ b/2sa/20/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Listen to the words of your servant ## +# Listen to the words of your servant -The woman refers to herself as "your servant." This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority. AT: "Please, listen to me, your servant" +The woman refers to herself as "your servant." This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority. -## and that advice would end the matter ## +# that advice would end the matter -"and that advice would solve the problem" +"that advice would solve the problem" -## that is a mother in Israel ## +# most peaceful and faithful in Israel -AT: "that everyone in Israel respects like they would their mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This describes the cities. AT: "most peaceful and faithful cities in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Why do you want to swallow up the inheritance of Yahweh? ## +# city that is a mother in Israel -The woman uses a question for emphasis. AT: "Please, do not destroy this city which belongs to Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This speaks of the importance of this city among the nation of Israel as if it were a well respected mother. AT: "city that everyone in Israel respects like they would their mother" or "city that is very important and that Israel respects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## swallow up ## +# Why do you want to swallow up the inheritance of Yahweh? -The woman compares the destruction of the city to swallowing food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the woman uses a rhetorical question to suggest to Joab what they should not do. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not destroy the city that is Yahweh's inheritance!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# swallow up + +Here the woman speaks of the army destroying the city as if the city were food to be swallowed. AT: "destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the inheritance of Yahweh + +Here the city is referred to as Yahweh's inheritance to emphasize that it belongs to Yahweh. AT: "a city that belongs to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/20.md b/2sa/20/20.md index 519e96f345..a5809a5842 100644 --- a/2sa/20/20.md +++ b/2sa/20/20.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## Far be it, far be it from me ## +# Far be it, far be it from me, that I should -He repeats this phrase to emphasize that this is something he would never do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +He repeats this phrase to emphasize that this is something he would never do. AT: "Truly, truly, I would never" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## swallow up or destroy ## +# that I should swallow up or destroy -Both of these words mean the same thing. AT: "ruin or destroy your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to destroying the city. This may be added. AT: "that I should swallow up or destroy your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## lifted his hand against ## +# swallow up or destroy -This means to rebel and fight against someone. "Hand" represents the power of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Both of these phrases means to destroy. In the first phrase "destroying" is spoken of as if it were "swallowing." These may be combined. AT: "ruin or destroy the city" or "destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Give up him alone ## +# has lifted up his hand against -"Hand this man over to us" or "Give this man to us" +This means to rebel and fight against someone. AT: "has opposed" or "is rebelling against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I will withdraw from the city ## +# Give up him alone -AT: "the soldiers and I will leave the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Joab is asking for the people of the city to release Sheba to him. AT: "Hand this man over to us" or "Give this man to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## His head will be thrown ## +# I will withdraw from the city -AT: "We will throw his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here the "I" refers to both Joab and his soldiers. AT: "We will withdraw from the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Then the woman went to all the people in her wisdom ## +# His head will be thrown -"Then the wise woman spoke to all the people" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We will throw his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then the woman went to all the people in her wisdom + +This means that the woman acted wisely and spoke to her people about what they should do. AT: "Then the wise woman spoke to all the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# every man to his home + +"every man went to his own home" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/23.md b/2sa/20/23.md index 53c3138538..5980b94ba2 100644 --- a/2sa/20/23.md +++ b/2sa/20/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. This new section gives background information about the men who served King David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +"Now" marks a break in the main storyline. This new section gives background information about the men who served King David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Jehoiada...Cherethites...Pelethites...Jehoshaphat...Ahilud ## +# Joab was over ... Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over ... Adoniram was over -See how you translated these in [2 Samuel 8:15](../08/15.md). +The phrase "was over" refers to having authority over a group of people. AT: "Joab had authority over ... Benaiah son of Jehoiada had authority over ... Adoniram had authority over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Adoram was over the men who did forced labor ## +# Jehoiada ... Jehoshaphat ... Ahilud -"Adoram was in charge of the slaves" +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:16-18](../08/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Adoram...Sheva...Ira ## +# Kerethites ... Pelethites + +Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:16-18](../08/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the men who did forced labor + +"the slave workers" + +# Adoniram ... Sheva ... Ira These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jairite ## +# Jairite This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/20/intro.md b/2sa/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..02fca5952c --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Samuel 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sheba's revolt ##### +A man named Sheba told the people of the ten tribes that David was Judah's king, but not their king. David worked hard to preserve unity in Israel after this time of division. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### +Joab used an idiom "has lifted up his hand against the king, against David" meaning "revolted against David," to explain why his army was attacking the city of Able. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/01.md b/2sa/21/01.md index 2ee3039792..bf91be3694 100644 --- a/2sa/21/01.md +++ b/2sa/21/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## three years ## +# sought the face of Yahweh -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]] +Here "face" is a synecdoche for Yahweh's presence. This means David prayed to Yahweh for an answer about the famine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## sought the face of Yahweh ## +# because of Saul and his murderous family -This means David prayed to Yahweh for an answer about the famine. "Face" represents the presence of the other. (See: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## because of Saul and his murderous family ## - -Saul had killed many Gibeonites. Saul's descendants are guilty because of this sin. \ No newline at end of file +Saul had killed many Gibeonites, and Saul's descendants are guilty because of this sin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/02.md b/2sa/21/02.md index 805c8a7b94..64f5ad3658 100644 --- a/2sa/21/02.md +++ b/2sa/21/02.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. This tells background information about the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +Here "Now" marks a break in the main storyline. This gives background information about the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## What should I do for you? How can I make atonement ## +# What should I do for you? How can I make atonement ... promises? -AT: "What can I do to remove this sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two sentences have similar meanings. AT: "What can I do to remove this sin, so that you may bless the people of Yahweh, who inherit his goodness and promises?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/04.md b/2sa/21/04.md index 862338fe22..4fe29fb8f6 100644 --- a/2sa/21/04.md +++ b/2sa/21/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## It is not a matter of silver or gold ## +# It is not a matter of silver or gold "Money will not solve the problem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/05.md b/2sa/21/05.md index f473d44551..2ca02d95a1 100644 --- a/2sa/21/05.md +++ b/2sa/21/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## who schemed against us ## +# who schemed against us "who made plans against us" -## let seven men from his descendants be handed over to us ## +# let seven men from his descendants be handed over to us -AT: "allow your men to give seven of his descendants to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "allow your men to give seven of his descendants to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## we will hang them ## +# we will hang them "we will execute them by hanging" -## in Gibeah of Saul ## +# in Gibeah of Saul Saul was from the town of Gibeah. -## the one chosen by Yahweh ## +# the one chosen by Yahweh -AT: "the one whom Yahweh chose" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one whom Yahweh chose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/07.md b/2sa/21/07.md index 9a44d6e34f..645fc94a72 100644 --- a/2sa/21/07.md +++ b/2sa/21/07.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Mephiboseth ## +# Mephibosheth -See how you translated this name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). +Mephibosheth was the son of Jonathan. See how you translated his name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). -## Rizpah, Aiah ## +# Rizpah ... Aiah -See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 3:6](../03/06.md). +Rizpah was a woman and her father was Aiah. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 3:7](../03/06.md). -## Armoni and Mephibosheth...Adriel...Barzillai ## +# Armoni and Mephibosheth ... Adriel ... Barzillai These are names of men. This is not the same Mephibosheth as the son of Jonathan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Michal ## +# Merab -This is the name of a woman. See how you translated it in [2 Samuel 3:12](../03/12.md). +This is the name of a woman. See how you translated it in [2 Samuel 3:13](../03/12.md). -## Meholathite ## +# Meholathite This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## He handed them over into the hands of the Gibeonites ## +# He handed them over into the hands of the Gibeonites -AT: "He gave them to the Gibeonites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "the hands of the Gibeonites" represents the Gibeonite people's control. AT: "He gave them to the Gibeonites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They were put to death ## +# They were put to death -AT: "The Gibeonites put them to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The Gibeonites put them to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/10.md b/2sa/21/10.md index 8aebb403da..e2f3891f59 100644 --- a/2sa/21/10.md +++ b/2sa/21/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Rizpah, Aiah ## +# Rizpah ... Aiah -See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 3:6](../03/06.md). +Rizpah was a woman and her father was Aiah. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 3:7](../03/06.md). -## It was told to David ## +# It was told to David -AT: "Someone told David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone told David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/12.md b/2sa/21/12.md index 5fd1f85e5f..a256c1023f 100644 --- a/2sa/21/12.md +++ b/2sa/21/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Jabesh Gilead ## +# Jabesh Gilead -Jabesh is a town in the region of Gibeah. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 2:4](../02/04.md). +Jabesh is a town in the region of Gilead. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 2:4](../02/04.md). -## the public square ## +# the public square This is an area near the city gate where people did various kinds of business. -## Beth Shan ## +# Beth Shan -This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gilboa ## +# Gilboa -Translate the same way you did in [2 Samuel 1:6](../01/06.md). +See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 1:6](../01/06.md). -## who had been hanged ## +# who had been hanged -"whom the Gibeonites executed by hanging" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "whom the Gibeonites executed by hanging" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/14.md b/2sa/21/14.md index bec4952744..b2a07bcc27 100644 --- a/2sa/21/14.md +++ b/2sa/21/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Zela ## +# Zela This is the name of a town in Benjamin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Kish ## +# Kish This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## his father ## +# his father "Saul's father" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/15.md b/2sa/21/15.md index c34b8ab092..7090931cef 100644 --- a/2sa/21/15.md +++ b/2sa/21/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Ishbibenob ## +# Ishbi-Benob This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the Rephaim ## +# three hundred shekels -The people group from the Philistines that were famous for having many giant men among them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"300 shekels." This is about 3.4 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## three hundred shekels ## +# Abishai son of Zeruiah -"300 shekels" About 3.4 kilograms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +Abishai and Zeruiah are names of men. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). -## Abishai the son of Zeruiah ## +# you do not put out the lamp of Israel -See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). - -## you do not put out the lamp of Israel ## - -The "lamp of Israel" refers to David and his descendants who were supposed to rule Israel forever. This means if David and his descendants die, the people of Israel would have no hope. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The "lamp of Israel" is a metaphor that refers to David's leadership and the idea that if David were to die, the people of Israel would have no clear direction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/18.md b/2sa/21/18.md index 4645717e5c..acdc11a8f2 100644 --- a/2sa/21/18.md +++ b/2sa/21/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## It came about that ## +# It came about after this that -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Gob ## +# Gob This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Sibbecai...Saph...Elhanan son of Jari...Goliath ## +# Sibbekai ... Saph ... Elhanan son of Jair ... Goliath These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hushathite...Rephaim...Bethlehemite...Gittite ## +# Hushathite ... Rephaim ... Bethlehemite ... Gittite These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Rephaim ## +# Rephaim This people group was known for its giant warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## whose spear was like a weaver’s beam ## +# whose spear was like a weaver's beam -When a person was weaving a cloth they would run the threads through hooks attached to large sticks called a "weaver's beam." This means Goliath's spear was larger than a normal spear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +When a person was weaving a cloth he would run the threads through hooks attached to large sticks called a "weaver's beam." This means Goliath's spear was larger than a normal spear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/20.md b/2sa/21/20.md index 6fc518353d..a392df84ba 100644 --- a/2sa/21/20.md +++ b/2sa/21/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## twenty-four digits total ## +# twenty-four in number -four digits total** - "24 fingers and toes altogether" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"24 fingers and toes altogether" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Rephaim ## +# Rephaim This people group was known for its giant warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jonathan son of Shammah ## +# Jonathan son of Shimeah -These are names of men. Shammah was David's brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. Shimeah was David's brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers ## +# they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers -AT: "and David and his soldiers killed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "by the hand of" means "through" or "by." This can be stated in active form. AT: "David and his soldiers killed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/21/intro.md b/2sa/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8d013f8733 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Samuel 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Famine caused by a broken oath ##### +When Israel first conquered the land, they promised not to kill the people of Gibeon. When Saul tried to kill them all, God caused a famine in Israel. David made amends with the people of Gideon and the famine ended. David also kept his vow to Jonathan's sons. This helps to show the wisdom of king David. Although these people were not Israelites, they believed in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### Wisdom, grace and justice ##### +David is seen to have many great qualities in this chapter. These were qualities important for a king of Israel: wisdom, grace and justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/01.md b/2sa/22/01.md index b51b9f7e24..d0e6e86902 100644 --- a/2sa/22/01.md +++ b/2sa/22/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + David's song to Yahweh starts. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul ## +# out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul This is a progression from enemies in general to one specific enemy of David, King Saul. -## out of the hand ## +# out of the hand of -AT: "out of the power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This metonym means "out of the power of." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Yahweh is my rock, my fortress ## +# Yahweh is my rock, my fortress -This is a part-whole progression. A Fortress is built of many large rocks. This means Yahweh has the strength to protect his people from harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This metaphor shows a progression from a part, "rock," to the whole, "fortress." A fortress is built of many large rocks. This means Yahweh has the strength to protect his people from harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/03.md b/2sa/22/03.md index 234ec70b48..e1d14776bd 100644 --- a/2sa/22/03.md +++ b/2sa/22/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## God is my rock...He is my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold ## +# God is my rock ... He is my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold -All of these are symbols of God's strength and power. They emphasize God's ability to protect and save his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +All of these metaphors are symbols of God's strength and power. They emphasize God's ability to protect and save his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who is worthy to be praised ## +# who is worthy to be praised -AT: "who is worthy to receive praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who is worthy to receive praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I will be saved from my enemies ## +# I will be saved from my enemies -AT: "He will save me from my enemies" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will save me from my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/05.md b/2sa/22/05.md index b2f014d170..8fdcfaacd6 100644 --- a/2sa/22/05.md +++ b/2sa/22/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## For the waves of death surrounded me. The rushing waters of worthlessness overwhelmed me ## +# For the waves of death surrounded me, the rushing waters of destruction overwhelmed me -David compares the wicked men who wanted to kill him to flood waters that are about to drown him. David felt helpless against the power of his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +David compares the wicked men who wanted to kill him to flood waters that are about to drown him. These sentences have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## The rushing waters of worthlessness ## +# the rushing waters of destruction -This is a picture of fast flowing flood waters that destroy everything in it's path. +This is a picture of fast-flowing flood waters that destroy everything in their path. -## The cords of sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me ## +# The cords of Sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me -David speaks about death and Sheol as if they are people who are trying to trap him as a hunter traps an animal. David thought he was certainly going to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +David speaks about death and Sheol as if they are people who are trying to trap him as a hunter traps an animal. These phrases have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/07.md b/2sa/22/07.md index d6f0f9bcf4..959a76f135 100644 --- a/2sa/22/07.md +++ b/2sa/22/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## In my distress ## +# In my distress "In my great trouble" -## he heard my voice from his temple ## +# he heard my voice from his temple David is referring to the heavenly temple where Yahweh dwells. The earthly temple has not yet been built. -## my call for help went into his ears ## +# my call for help went into his ears -AT: "he heard my prayer for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the metonym "his ears" refers to Yahweh and his hearing of David's call for help. AT: "he heard my prayer for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his ears + +David speaks of Yahweh as if he had ears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/08.md b/2sa/22/08.md index ba0854b045..e589fc5324 100644 --- a/2sa/22/08.md +++ b/2sa/22/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Then the earth shook...were ignited by it ## +# Then the earth shook ... were ignited by it This is Yahweh's response to David's cry for help from his enemies. David uses the imagery of the earth shaking and fire coming from Yahweh to emphasize Yahweh's terrible anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## And were shaken, because God was angry ## +# earth shook ... heavens trembled -AT: "because God's anger shook them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +David speaks of the two extremes to include everything in creation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## Coals were ignited by it ## +# and were shaken, because God was angry -It was like if God's anger was heat, it would cause coals to ignite and burn. AT: "The flame from his mouth set coals on fire" or "He also sent burning coals from his mouth" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because God's anger shook them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his nostrils ... his mouth + +David speaks of Yahweh as if he had these humans parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Coals were ignited by it + +Here Yahweh's anger is compared to fire, which causes coals to ignite and burn. AT: "The flame from his mouth set coals on fire" or "He also sent burning coals from his mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/10.md b/2sa/22/10.md index 8b9f1343a3..a7e44ca06e 100644 --- a/2sa/22/10.md +++ b/2sa/22/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## He opened the heavens...rain clouds in the skies ## +# He opened the heavens ... rain clouds in the skies -David describes Yahweh's approach to save David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God's power and his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +David describes Yahweh's way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God's power and his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He was seen flying on the wings of the wind ## +# under his feet -AT: "He appeared and he soared through the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +David speaks of God as having feet like humans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## And he made darkness a tent around him ## +# He was seen on the wings of the wind -AT: "And he hid himself in the darkness" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "He appeared on the wings of the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the wings of the wind + +This expression speaks of the wind as if it were a bird. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He made darkness a tent around him + +Here the darkness Yahweh creates is compared to a tent which hides him completely. AT: "He hid himself in the darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/13.md b/2sa/22/13.md index d6fdf6a973..12a36cbc92 100644 --- a/2sa/22/13.md +++ b/2sa/22/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + David's song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## From the lightning before him...ligtning bolts and dispersed them ## +# From the lightning before him ... lightning bolts and dispersed them -David continues describing Yahweh, who is coming to save him from his enemies, as a storm. This emphasizes God's power and anger towards David's enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God's power and anger towards David's enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## From the lightning before him Coals of fire fell ## +# From the lightning before him coals of fire fell -AT: "Out of his bright light he sent burning coals" or "From his brightness he sent lightning" +Possible meanings are 1) "Out of his bright light he sent burning coals" or 2) "From his brightness he sent lightning" -## He shot arrows...lightning bolts ## +# The Most High shouted. He shot arrows -David compares the lightning from Yahweh's storm to arrows that a soldier would use. \ No newline at end of file +David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# He shot arrows ... lightning bolts + +David compares the lightning from Yahweh's storm to arrows that a soldier would use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/16.md b/2sa/22/16.md index 39291f3c53..0a6665788f 100644 --- a/2sa/22/16.md +++ b/2sa/22/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + This continues David's song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Then the water channels appeared...breath of his nostrils ## +# Then the water channels appeared ... breath of his nostrils -Again, David emphasizes Yahweh's power and anger. When Yahweh shouted in his attack against David's enemies, its power uncovered the deepest parts of the ocean and the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +When Yahweh shouted in his attack against David's enemies, it is compared to his power to create upheaval in the deepest parts of the ocean and the earth. This shows his great power and fierce anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## The foundations...were exposed ## +# the foundations ... were exposed -This was part of the result of Yahweh shouting. \ No newline at end of file +David compares Yahweh's anger to turbulent movements of the ground. "This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh's battle cry exposed the foundations of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/17.md b/2sa/22/17.md index a2a5d1859e..749483ac90 100644 --- a/2sa/22/17.md +++ b/2sa/22/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + This continues David's song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## out of the surging water ## +# out of the surging water David compares his enemies to a flood that threatens to drown him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He rescued me from my strong enemy ## +# He rescued me from my strong enemy David's enemies were overwhelming. He praises God for delivering him from all his enemies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/19.md b/2sa/22/19.md index c8b26c3280..eff2f71e73 100644 --- a/2sa/22/19.md +++ b/2sa/22/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + This continues David's song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## They came against me on the day of my distress ## +# They came against me on the day of my distress "My enemies fought against me when I was in great trouble" -## But Yahweh was my support ## +# the day of my distress -"But Yahweh supported me" or "But Yahweh helped me" +"the time of my distress" -## a wide open place ## +# but Yahweh was my support + +"but Yahweh supported me" or "but Yahweh helped me" + +# a wide open place This refers to a place where there was no danger and his enemies could not trap him. -## to the measure of the cleanness of my hands ## +# to the measure of the cleanness of my hands -Here "cleanness of my hands" means the same as "righteousness." AT: "because I obey his commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "cleanness of my hands" means the same as "righteousness." AT: "because I obey his commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/22.md b/2sa/22/22.md index edc347679d..6fee5aadcf 100644 --- a/2sa/22/22.md +++ b/2sa/22/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + David continues his song to Yahweh. -## I have kept the ways of Yahweh ## +# I have kept the ways of Yahweh -Here "the ways" refers to the ways Yahweh wants his people to act. This means David has done what Yahweh commands. +Here "the ways of Yahweh" refers to how Yahweh wants his people to act. This means David has done what Yahweh commands. -## have been before me ## +# have been before me This means David constantly reads and thinks about God's decrees. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/24.md b/2sa/22/24.md index 7f7d51353a..d2f26d46f0 100644 --- a/2sa/22/24.md +++ b/2sa/22/24.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + David continues his song to Yahweh. -## to the degree of my cleanness in his sight ## +# I have kept myself from sin -Here "my cleanness" means the same as "my righteousness." AT: "because he knows that I have done what he commands" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to choosing not to sin against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to the degree of my cleanness in his sight + +Here "my cleanness" means the same as "my righteousness." AT: "because he knows that I have done what he commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/26.md b/2sa/22/26.md index 0f5ff9ae69..51a3f6a1f0 100644 --- a/2sa/22/26.md +++ b/2sa/22/26.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + David continues his song to Yahweh. -## you are perverse to the twisted ## +# you are perverse to the twisted -Here "perverse" means to be cunning or crafty. And, "twisted" means to turn away from what is good and right. This means God is wise in how he deals with wicked people. \ No newline at end of file +Here "perverse" means to be cunning or crafty, and "twisted" means to turn away from what is good and right. This means God is wise in how he deals with wicked people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/28.md b/2sa/22/28.md index a584ba2071..b99bd8c59e 100644 --- a/2sa/22/28.md +++ b/2sa/22/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + David continues his song to Yahweh. -## your eyes are against the proud ## +# your eyes are against the proud -This means Yahweh is watches the proud person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the metonym "your eyes" refers to what Yahweh sees. This means Yahweh watches the proud person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## and you bring them down ## +# you bring them down -"and you destroy their pride" +"you destroy their pride" -## you are my lamp. Yahweh lights up my darkness ## +# you are my lamp, Yahweh. Yahweh lights up my darkness -This means Yahweh gives David life and helps him when things seem hopeless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This metaphor compares Yahweh to a lamp, which means he gives David light and helps him to see when things seem hopeless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/30.md b/2sa/22/30.md index 15f4ce37b7..785e8e2f9e 100644 --- a/2sa/22/30.md +++ b/2sa/22/30.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + David continues his song to Yahweh. -## I can run over a barricade ## +# I can run over a barricade Here "barricade" may refer to a group of soldiers or to a stone wall. Either way it means God enables David to defeat his enemies. -## The word of Yahweh is pure ## +# I can leap over a wall + +David is exaggerating to emphasize Yahweh's help. AT: "I can climb over the wall that surrounds their city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# The word of Yahweh is pure "Everything Yahweh says is true" -## He is a shield ## +# He is a shield -This emphasizes God's power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The metaphor "a shield" emphasizes God's power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/32.md b/2sa/22/32.md index bba65c2463..1a7409ec7d 100644 --- a/2sa/22/32.md +++ b/2sa/22/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + David continues his song to Yahweh. -## For who is God except Yahweh? And who is a rock except our God? ## +# For who is God except Yahweh, and who is a rock except our God? -David uses questions to emphasize that there is no God except for Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +David uses this question to emphasize that there is no God apart from Yahweh. These may be translated as statements. AT: "Yahweh alone is God. Our God alone is a rock." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## who is a rock ## +# who is a rock David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his strength and ability to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he leads the blameless person on his path ## +# he leads the blameless person on his path Yahweh keeps the blameless person safe and removes anything that may harm him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/34.md b/2sa/22/34.md index c7c9c0339a..78da9ede76 100644 --- a/2sa/22/34.md +++ b/2sa/22/34.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + David continues his song to Yahweh. -## He makes my feet swift like a deer And places me on the mountains ## +# He makes my feet swift like a deer and places me on the high hills -Yahweh gives David the strength to move quickly and provides secure places for protection and rest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here David's feet are compared to those of a deer using exaggeration. Yahweh gives David the strength to move quickly and provides secure places for protection and rest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## my hands...and my arms ## +# my hands ... and my arms Both of these refer to David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## to bend a bow of bronze ## +# to bend a bow of bronze Only a very strong man could use a bow made from metal. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/36.md b/2sa/22/36.md index 63f9ac7a3c..f9afd903af 100644 --- a/2sa/22/36.md +++ b/2sa/22/36.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + David continues his song to Yahweh. -## the shield of your salvation ## +# the shield of your salvation David compares Yahweh's power to save him to a shield that protects a soldier from his enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your favor ## +# your favor -God answered David's prayers and granted David blessings and success over his enemies. +God answered David's prayers and granted him blessings and success over his enemies. -## You have made a wide place for my feet beneath me ## +# You have made a wide place for my feet beneath me -Yahweh has put David in a safe place where his enemies cannot trap him. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh has put David in a safe place where his enemies cannot trap him. Here he refers to himself by his "feet" to emphasize his ability to stand securely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/38.md b/2sa/22/38.md index b9d2530518..0416c67d48 100644 --- a/2sa/22/38.md +++ b/2sa/22/38.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + David continues his song to Yahweh. -## pursued my enemies ## +# pursued my enemies "chased my enemies" -## I devoured them and smashed them ## +# I devoured them and smashed them -AT: "I completely destroyed them like a wild animal devouring its prey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here David compares himself to a wild animal. AT: "I completely destroyed them like a wild animal devouring its prey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# under my feet + +Here "feet" refers to the power and control of victory over his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/40.md b/2sa/22/40.md index a7b8145725..32dfca552a 100644 --- a/2sa/22/40.md +++ b/2sa/22/40.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + David continues his song to Yahweh. -## You put strength on me like a belt for battle ## +# You put strength on me like a belt for battle -Yahweh gave David the strength to do mighty things in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here the strength that Yahweh gives is compared to a belt for battle that allowed David to do mighty things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## You put under me those who rise up against me ## +# you put under me those who rise up against me -"You helped me defeat those who fought against me" +"you helped me defeat those who fought against me" -## backs of my enemies' necks ## +# the back of my enemies' necks -Possible meanings are 1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or 2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemy'​s neck after he defeats him. +Possible meanings are 1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or 2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemy's neck after he defeats him. -## I annihilated ## +# I annihilated "I completely destroyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/42.md b/2sa/22/42.md index cde42c845b..31d9af424f 100644 --- a/2sa/22/42.md +++ b/2sa/22/42.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + David continues his song to Yahweh. -## They cried ## +# They cried "My enemies cried" -## They cried out to Yahweh, but he did not answer them ## +# they cried out to Yahweh, but he did not answer them The time for Yahweh's judgment had come upon them. -## like dust on the ground...like mud in the streets ## +# like dust on the ground ... like mud in the streets -David completely destroyed his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that David completely destroyed his enemies. These two phrases "like dust on the ground" and "like mud on the streets" have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/44.md b/2sa/22/44.md index 820d51a2ce..4caba6585f 100644 --- a/2sa/22/44.md +++ b/2sa/22/44.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + David continues his song to Yahweh. -## from the disputes of my own people ## +# from the disputes of my own people This refers to those among the Israelites who rebelled against King David. -## You have kept me as the head of nations ## +# You have kept me as the head of nations -"You placed me as ruler over the nations." Here "nations" refer to other nations besides Israel. +"You placed me as ruler over the nations." Here "nations" refers to other nations besides Israel. -## A people that I have not known ## +# A people that I have not known "A foreign people" -## Foreigners were forced to bow to me ## +# Foreigners were forced to bow to me -AT: "Foreigners bowed down to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Foreigners bowed down to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/47.md b/2sa/22/47.md index 5c909c55c2..fdb2095aed 100644 --- a/2sa/22/47.md +++ b/2sa/22/47.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## May my rock be praised. May God be exalted ## +# May my rock be praised. May God be exalted -AT: "May everyone praise my rock. May everyone exalt God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These sentences have similar meaning and are used for emphasis. These may be stated in active form. AT: "May everyone praise my rock. May everyone exalt God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## my rock...the rock ## +# my rock ... the rock David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Who brings down peoples under me ## +# the one who brings down peoples under me -"Who puts the peoples under my rule" +"the one who puts the people of other nations under my rule" -## you lifted me up above those who rose up against me ## +# you lifted me up above those who rose up against me -AT: "you saved me from my enemies and gave me honor" +"you saved me from my enemies and gave me honor" -## from violent men ## +# from violent men "from those who want to harm me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/50.md b/2sa/22/50.md index c698b53c53..0b43306ae3 100644 --- a/2sa/22/50.md +++ b/2sa/22/50.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + David concludes his song to Yahweh. -## to your name ## +# to your name -Here "name" refers to Yahweh reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the metonym "name" refers to Yahweh's reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## And he shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one ## +# he shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one -David is may be referring to the promises Yahweh made in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) \ No newline at end of file +Here David may be referring to the promises Yahweh made in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/22/intro.md b/2sa/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..229c38a716 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Samuel 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, poems or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 22:1-51, which is a song or psalm. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God rescued David ##### +God rescued David when he thought he would die. He protected David, fought against his enemies, and enabled him to defeat his enemies. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +David uses many metaphors to express his trust in God's protection: "my rock, my fortress, my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold and my refuge." He used other metaphors to express his hopelessness: "the waves of death surrounded me," "the rushing waters of worthlessness overwhelmed me," "the cords of sheol surrounded me;" "the snares of death trapped me," and "the surging water." He also used metaphors for the victory God gave him: "I can run over a barricade" and "by my God I can leap over a wall." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/01.md b/2sa/23/01.md index 06f6db3355..105ac33bb9 100644 --- a/2sa/23/01.md +++ b/2sa/23/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Now ## +# Now This marks the beginning of a new section of the book. -## these are the last words ## +# these are the last words -This refers to what David will say in 23:2-7. +This refers to what David will say in [2 Samuel 23:2-7](./01.md). -## the man who was highly honored. The one anointed by the God of Jacob ## +# the man who was highly honored, the one anointed by the God of Jacob -AT: "the man whom the God of Jacob highly honored and anointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the man whom the God of Jacob highly honored and anointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## anointed by the God of Jacob ## +# anointed by the God of Jacob -Anointing was pouring oil on a person's head, choosing who would serve God as king or priest. (See: symbolic Action) +Anointing was done by pouring oil on a person's head. This was done to choose who would serve God as king or priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## psalmist ## +# psalmist This is a person who writes psalms or songs. -## by me ## +# by me -David is speaking. +by David -## and his word was on my tongue ## +# and his word was on my tongue -AT: "His Spirit gave me a message to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "on my tongue" is a metonym for David speaking. AT: "he gave me a message to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/03.md b/2sa/23/03.md index 9bfa925a9e..5494fed376 100644 --- a/2sa/23/03.md +++ b/2sa/23/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + This continues David's last words. -## Rock of Israel ## +# The God of Israel spoke, the Rock of Israel ... me -This means the same as the first part of the sentence. David compares God to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the "God of Israel" is the same as the "Rock of Israel." The two phrases say essentially the same thing. David compares God to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The one who rules righteously over men, Who rules in the fear of God ## +# The one who rules righteously over men, who rules in the fear of God -These two sentences say that the king will respect God and do what God wants him to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two sentences both say that the king will respect God and do what God wants him to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## in the fear of God ## +# in the fear of God "respecting God" -## He will be like the morning star...sunshine after rain ## +# He will be like the morning light ... sunshine after rain -These are all ways of saying this king would be a delight to God and a blessing for the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -## A morning without clouds, When the tender grass springs up from the earth Through bright sunshine after rain ## - -Again "he will be a delight to all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here God is comparing the king to the morning light and sunshine after the rain. These are all ways of saying this king would be a delight to God and a blessing for the people. These two phrases have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. AT: "He will be a delight to all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/05.md b/2sa/23/05.md index afc9fda88a..122efbe737 100644 --- a/2sa/23/05.md +++ b/2sa/23/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + This continues David's last words. -## Indeed, is my family not like this before God? ## +# Indeed, is my family not like this before God? -David uses a question to emphasize that his family does fear God and God is pleased with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here David is saying that he agrees with God. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "My family is indeed like this before God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Has he not made...fulfill my every desire ## +# Has he not made ... way? -David uses these questions to emphasize that God has certainly done all these things. +David acknowledges that God has made a covenant with him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He has indeed made ... way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Ordered and sure ## +# ordered and sure -This means God's covenant will not change and David's family can trust it. +This means God's covenant is properly organized and will not change so David's family can trust it. -## Does he not increase my salvation and fulfill ## +# Does he not increase my salvation ... desire? -"Does he not keep me safe and fulfill." AT: "He certainly keeps me safe and fulfills" \ No newline at end of file +David believes that God will always help him and cause him to prosper. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He increases my salvation and gives me my every desire." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/06.md b/2sa/23/06.md index 68457fcead..121b275dd0 100644 --- a/2sa/23/06.md +++ b/2sa/23/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + This concludes David's last words. -## but the worthless will all be like thorns to be thrown away ## +# But the worthless will all be like thorns to be thrown away -AT: "but the wicked person is worthless and dangerous like thorns that someone tries to throw away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here the wicked person is compared to useless thorns. This can be stated in active form. AT: "But the wicked person is worthless and dangerous like thorns we throw away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Because they cannot be gathered by one's hands ## +# because they cannot be gathered by one's hands -AT: "Because no one can pick them up with his hands without the thorns hurting him" +"because no one can pick them up with his hands without the thorns hurting him" -## They must be burned up where they lie ## +# They must be burned up where they lie -AT: "The person must burn the thorns where they lie." This refers to God destroying wicked people. \ No newline at end of file +"Where thorns are found, that is where they must be burned." This means God will destroy wicked people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/08.md b/2sa/23/08.md index d70ae37f33..92aa40e17e 100644 --- a/2sa/23/08.md +++ b/2sa/23/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Jeshbaal ## +# Jeshbaal -This is the name of a man. Other versions read Josheb Basshebeth, Jashobeam, Ishbaal, or Ishbosheth, because various ancient manuscripts have these variations. Translators may choose to say this in a footnote to their translation (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. Other versions read Josheb Basshebeth, Jashobeam, Ishbaal, or Ishbosheth because various ancient copies have these variations. Translators may choose to say this in a footnote to their translation (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hachmonite ## +# Hachmonite -This is the name of a people group. AT: "the Tahchemonite" or "son of Hachmon" +This is the name of a people group. AT: "son of Hachmon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## eight hundred ## +# eight hundred "800" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/09.md b/2sa/23/09.md index 88c6b21f8b..84fefd8ba2 100644 --- a/2sa/23/09.md +++ b/2sa/23/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## The army returned after Eleazar ## +# The army returned after Eleazar -AT: "The Israeli army returned to the battle field after Eleaser had already won the battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This means that the army returned after Eleazar returned from battle. AT: "The Israeli army returned to the battle field after Eleazer had already won the battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## only to strip the bodies ## +# only to strip the bodies "only to take what they wanted from the dead bodies of the enemies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/11.md b/2sa/23/11.md index 7d6c1f7090..7388b50c00 100644 --- a/2sa/23/11.md +++ b/2sa/23/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## a field of lentils ## +# a field of lentils "a field where someone had planted lentils" -## lentils ## +# lentils -a flat seed (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +a flat seed, eaten like beans (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## the army fled ## +# the army fled "the Israelite army ran away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/13.md b/2sa/23/13.md index 28250bdb23..41837e7d9e 100644 --- a/2sa/23/13.md +++ b/2sa/23/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Three of the thirty ## +# Three of the thirty -This is not the same three soldiers mentioned in 23:8-12. +These are not the same three soldiers mentioned in [2 Samuel 23:8-12](./08.md). -## the thirty ## +# the thirty -"30" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) "the thirty bravest Israelite soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"the 30" or "the thirty bravest Israelite soldiers." The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## cave of Adullam ## +# cave of Adullam "cave near the town of Adullam." Adullam is near Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Valley of Rephaim ## +# Valley of Rephaim -See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 5:17](../05/17.md). +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 5:18](../05/17.md). -## in his stronghold ## +# in his stronghold "in his protected place" -## the Philistines had established at Bethlehem ## +# the Philistines had established at Bethlehem "some Philistines soldiers were controlling the village of Bethlehem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/15.md b/2sa/23/15.md index aebb946cb2..e97ef2e147 100644 --- a/2sa/23/15.md +++ b/2sa/23/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## broke through the army ## +# broke through the army -"fought their through the enemy army" +"fought their way through the enemy army" -## Should I drink the blood of men who have risked their lives? ## +# Should I drink the blood of men who have risked their lives? -David uses a question for emphasis. He compares the water to blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +David compares the water to blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Drinking this water would be like drinking the blood of those men who have risked their lives to bring it to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/18.md b/2sa/23/18.md index 74110414b7..ab2fe63226 100644 --- a/2sa/23/18.md +++ b/2sa/23/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Abishai...Zeruiah ## +# Abishai ... Zeruiah -See how you translated these in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). +These are the names of men. Translate them as in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). -## captain over the three ## +# captain over the three This means Abishai was the leader of the three who went and got water for David. -## three hundred men ## +# three hundred men "300 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## He was often mentioned along with the three soldiers ## +# He was often mentioned along with the three soldiers -AT: "People often mentioned him when they spoke about the three bravest men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People often mentioned him when they spoke about the three bravest men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Was he not even more famous than the three? ## +# Was he not even more famous than the three? -The writer uses a question to emphasize that Abishai was more famous than the three bravest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is used to emphasize how famous he was. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He was even more famous than the three." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## three most famous soldiers ## +# three most famous soldiers -This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shammah. Abishai was not as famous as these soldiers. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah. Abishai was not as famous as these soldiers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/20.md b/2sa/23/20.md index aa9c62be9f..6ceecc0aa1 100644 --- a/2sa/23/20.md +++ b/2sa/23/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Kabzeel ## +# Kabzeel This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jehoiada ## +# Jehoiada -See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 8:15](../08/15.md). +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/15.md). -## Ariel ## +# Ariel This is the name of a man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/22.md b/2sa/23/22.md index 4f28660868..b222e5fec2 100644 --- a/2sa/23/22.md +++ b/2sa/23/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## did these feats ## +# did these feats "did these mighty deeds" -## he was named alongside the three mighty men ## +# he was named alongside the three mighty men -AT: "people praise him like they praised the three mighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people praise him like they praised the three mighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## He was more highly regarded than the thirty soldiers in general, but he was not regarded quite as highly as the three most elite soldiers ## +# He was more highly regarded than the thirty soldiers in general, but he was not regarded quite as highly as the three mighty men -AT: "He was more famous than the other 30 soldiers except for the three best soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"He was more famous than the other 30 soldiers except for the three best soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the three most elite soldiers ## +# three mighty men -This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shammah. +This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah. -## his bodyguard ## +# his bodyguard -A group of soldiers in charge of guarding David. \ No newline at end of file +a group of soldiers in charge of guarding David \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/24.md b/2sa/23/24.md index 3dfb13c470..133f1e4f92 100644 --- a/2sa/23/24.md +++ b/2sa/23/24.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + This is a list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## The thirty ## +# The thirty "The 30 very famous soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/29.md b/2sa/23/29.md index 56899bdaa0..32b46ec5bc 100644 --- a/2sa/23/29.md +++ b/2sa/23/29.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/33.md b/2sa/23/33.md index 56899bdaa0..32b46ec5bc 100644 --- a/2sa/23/33.md +++ b/2sa/23/33.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/37.md b/2sa/23/37.md index 4c3704de09..bef30ffac5 100644 --- a/2sa/23/37.md +++ b/2sa/23/37.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + This concludes the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## thirty-seven in all ## +# thirty-seven in all -seven in all** - "there were 37 total" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"there were 37 total" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/23/intro.md b/2sa/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..607ee53179 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 2 Samuel 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, poems or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 23:1-23:7, which is a song or psalm. + +23:8-39 is a list of the famous people in David's army along with some of the special deeds some of them did. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Everlasting covenant ##### +This is a reference to the covenant God previously made with David. (See: [2 Samuel 7](../07/01.md), [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/01.md b/2sa/24/01.md index f99da450ee..b923695b6a 100644 --- a/2sa/24/01.md +++ b/2sa/24/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## the anger of Yahweh was ignited against Israel ## +# the anger of Yahweh was ignited against Israel -The word "ignite" means start a fire. AT: "the anger of Yahweh started to burn like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "ignite" means start a fire. Here Yahweh's anger is compared to that of a fire. AT: "the anger of Yahweh started to burn like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he moved David against them ## +# he moved David against them "he caused David to oppose them" -## Go, count Israel and Judah ## +# Go, count Israel and Judah -In the Law of Moses, God prohibited the kings of Israel from taking a census of fighting men. +In the law of Moses, God prohibited the kings of Israel from taking a census of fighting men. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Dan to Beersheba ## +# Dan to Beersheba -This phrase uses two place names Dan and Beersheba to represent the entire country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This phrase uses two place names Dan, in the far north, and Beersheba, in the far south, to represent the entire country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## fit for battle ## +# count all the people ... fit for battle -To count all the men except those men who are either too young, too old, or physically unable to fight. \ No newline at end of file +This means to count all the men except those men who are either too young, too old, or physically unable to fight. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/03.md b/2sa/24/03.md index b212bd0a97..cb9143b697 100644 --- a/2sa/24/03.md +++ b/2sa/24/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## multiply... hundred times ## +# multiply ... hundred times -This means "that there will be 100 more people for every 1 person that there is now." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This means "produce 100 more people for every one person there is now." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## king’s word was final against Joab ## +# the king's word was final against Joab Joab and the other commanders of King David's army were not able to convince David to not take a census. -## the king’s word ## +# the king's word -This phrase represents the kings command to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase represents the king's command to them. AT: "what the king had commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/05.md b/2sa/24/05.md index a782296f5f..444f3ba514 100644 --- a/2sa/24/05.md +++ b/2sa/24/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## They crossed ## +# They crossed "Joab and the commanders of the army crossed" -## Aroer ## +# Aroer This was a city on the northern edge of the Arnon River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jazer ## +# Jazer -This is a town in Gad. +This is a town in Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Tahtim Hodshi ## +# Tahtim Hodshi -This may refer to the town of Kadesh in the land of the Hittite people. \ No newline at end of file +This may refer to the town of Kadesh in the land of the Hittite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/08.md b/2sa/24/08.md index 8121c836ff..a3596cfec0 100644 --- a/2sa/24/08.md +++ b/2sa/24/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## they had gone ## +# they had gone "Joab and the commanders had gone" -## nine months and twenty days ## +# nine months and twenty days -"9 months and 20 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]) +"9 months and 20 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Then Joab reported the total of the count of the fighting men to the king ## +# Then Joab reported the total of the count of the fighting men to the king "Then Joab told the king the total number of men ready for battle" -## in Israel ## +# in Israel -This refers to the the northern tribes of Israel. +This refers to the northern tribes of Israel. -## eight hundred thousand...five hundred thousand ## +# 800,000 ... 500,000 -"800,000...500,000" +"eight hundred thousand ... five hundred thousand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## who drew the sword ## +# who drew the sword -AT: "who were ready to fight in the army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This metonym refers to the men who were ready to fight in the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## of Judah ## +# of Judah This refers to the southern tribe of Judah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/10.md b/2sa/24/10.md index 9513edd09c..f492956a80 100644 --- a/2sa/24/10.md +++ b/2sa/24/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## heart afflicted him ## +# David's heart afflicted him -AT: "felt guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The "heart" here is a metonym for David's emotions and conscience. AT: "David felt guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Now, Yahweh, take away your servant's guilt ## +# Now, Yahweh, take away your servant's guilt -David refers to himself as "your servant." This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority. AT: "Please, Yahweh, take this guilt away from me, your servant" \ No newline at end of file +David refers to himself as "your servant." This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/11.md b/2sa/24/11.md index 218a86c18e..df917f1ddf 100644 --- a/2sa/24/11.md +++ b/2sa/24/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the word of Yahweh came to the prophet Gad ## +# the word of Yahweh came to the prophet Gad, David's seer, saying, -AT: "Yahweh had given a message to the prophet Gad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this idiom in [2 Samuel 7:4](../07/03.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to the prophet Gad, David's seer. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to the prophet Gad, David's seer:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## David’s seer ## +# David's seer This means Gad was the official prophet in the royal palace. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/13.md b/2sa/24/13.md index 6f4f7e1f9e..a41c72b7f2 100644 --- a/2sa/24/13.md +++ b/2sa/24/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## I am in deep trouble ## +# I am in deep trouble "I am in terrible trouble" -## Let us fall into Yahweh's hands rather than into the hands of people ## +# Let us fall into Yahweh's hands rather than into the hand of man Here "hands" refer to power or control. AT: "Let Yahweh and not people punish us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/15.md b/2sa/24/15.md index 0c8154e54c..f7d4f95237 100644 --- a/2sa/24/15.md +++ b/2sa/24/15.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## a fixed time ## +# a fixed time -This is the time God decided he would stop the plage. +This is the time God decided he would stop the plague. -## seventy thousand ## +# seventy thousand "70,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## from Dan to Beersheba ## +# from Dan to Beersheba -The writer mentions the city of Dan in the north and the city of Beersheba in the south to mean the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Here mentioning the city of Dan in the extreme north and the city Beersheba in the extreme south means the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## the angel reached out with his hand toward Jerusalem to destroy it ## +# the angel reached out with his hand toward Jerusalem to destroy it -AT: "the angel started destroying the people in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the metonym "hand" stands for the angel's power. AT: "the angel was about to destroy the people in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Yahweh changed his mind about the harm ## +# Yahweh changed his mind because of the harm -“Yahweh stopped the evil that he was allowing the angel to do,” (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This means that Yahweh stopped the evil that he was allowing the angel to do. AT: "Yahweh felt grieved about the harm" -## Now draw back your hand ## +# Now draw back your hand -AT: "Do not harm them any longer" +The metonym "hand" stands for the angel's power. AT: "Do not harm them any longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Araunah ## +# Araunah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the threshing floor ## +# the threshing floor -A threshing floor was a hard flat surface where people separated the grain from the stock that it grew on; either by dragging a heave object such as a large board or rock over it, by hitting it with a stick or getting cattle to walk on it. \ No newline at end of file +A threshing floor was a hard, flat surface where edible grain was separated from chaff. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/17.md b/2sa/24/17.md index 9fc9871463..8bd05939fb 100644 --- a/2sa/24/17.md +++ b/2sa/24/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## I have sinned, and I have acted perversely ## +# I have sinned, and I have acted perversely -These mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "I have sinned terribly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "I have sinned terribly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## But these sheep, what have they done? ## +# But these sheep, what have they done? -David uses a question and compares the people to sheep to emphasize that they have done nothing wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +David uses a question and compares the people to sheep to emphasize that they have done nothing wrong. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "These ordinary people have done nothing wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Please let your hand punish me ## +# Please let your hand punish me -Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "Please punish me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the metonym "hand" refers to power. AT: "Please punish me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/18.md b/2sa/24/18.md index b57363006a..2c14a5fc71 100644 --- a/2sa/24/18.md +++ b/2sa/24/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## bowed to the king with his face to the ground ## +# bowed to the king with his face to the ground -He was showing deep respect and honor to the king. (See: symbolic action) AT: "honored the king" \ No newline at end of file +He was showing deep respect and honor to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/21.md b/2sa/24/21.md index cd746dc528..65ca37bf6c 100644 --- a/2sa/24/21.md +++ b/2sa/24/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## so that the plague may be removed from the people ## +# so that the plague may be removed from the people -AT: "so that Yahweh will remove this plague from the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that Yahweh will remove this plague from the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Do with it what is good in your sight ## +# what is good in your sight -AT: "Do with it what you think is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "what you think is good" or "what is good in your judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## threshing sledges ## +# threshing sledges -heavy boards used to separate the grain from the rest of the wheat plant \ No newline at end of file +heavy boards used to separate grain from the rest of the wheat plant \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/24.md b/2sa/24/24.md index 837b06d086..3192f06e44 100644 --- a/2sa/24/24.md +++ b/2sa/24/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## fifty shekels ## +# I will not offer ... anything that costs me nothing -"50 shekels." A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "I will only offer ... something that I have paid for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## So Yahweh was pleaded with ## +# fifty shekels -AT: "So David pleaded with Yahweh" or "David prayed to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"50 shekels." A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## for the land ## +# on behalf of the land -AT: "for the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the metonym "land" stands for the people of Israel. AT: "on behalf of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the plague in Israel was stopped ## +# caused the plague to be contained -AT: "Yahweh stopped the plague in Israel" \ No newline at end of file +"caused the plague to end" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/24/intro.md b/2sa/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d311fbe13c --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# 2 Samuel 24 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Counting soldiers ##### +David ordered the leaders of his army to count how many men of fighting age there were. He was not supposed to do this because it showed he did not trust God. God was displeased and offered David three punishments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Samuel 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/front/intro.md b/2sa/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5041a94244 --- /dev/null +++ b/2sa/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +# Introduction to 2 Samuel # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of 2 Samuel #### + +1. The first years of David's reign (1:1–8:18) + - Saul's death, and David's kindness to Ish Bosheth (1:1–4:12) + - David defeats the Philistines (5:1–25) + - Victories, the ark, the house of God (6:1–7:29) +1. David extends his rule to all the Promised Land (8:1–10:19) +1. David's sin with Bathsheba (11:1–12:31) +1. Ammon's crime and Absalom's retribution (13:1–14:33) +1. The later years of David's reign (15:1–24:25) + - Absalom's rebellion and his death (15:1–18:33) + - David's kingdom restored (19:1–20:26) + - Famine and warfare (21:1–14) + - David's song of praise (22:1–23:7) + - David's mighty men (23:8–39) + - David's sin of numbering the people, and the plague at the temple (24:1–25) + +#### What is the Book of 2 Samuel about? #### + +This book is about David's rule as king over Israel. At first he ruled over the tribe of Judah for seven years. Then the other eleven tribes agreed to have him become their king as well, and he ruled over all Israel for thirty-three years. + +Throughout this time, David fought foreign enemies who attacked Israel. His most difficult struggle, however, was against someone in his own family, when his son Absalom rebelled against him (See: [2 Samuel 13-19](../13/01.md)). + +Besides telling about David's struggles and victories, the Book of 2 Samuel tells how David committed adultery with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. David went further into sin by arranging for the death of her husband. David's moral failure led to great suffering for himself and all Israel. + +However, the writer also presents the divine grace and love that David repeatedly experienced when he turned to God in repentance. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### +Like the Book of 1 Samuel, this book has a very vague meaning at best. Translators should use the same kind of title as they gave to that book, perhaps "The Second Book about Samuel, Saul, and David." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### What was the purpose of the Book of 2 Samuel? #### +The Book of 2 Samuel is a continuation of 1 Samuel. The writer continues in this book with the same purposes in mind, telling how Israel developed into a unified nation under its first kings. It seems clear that the writer also wanted to defend David's right to rule in the place of Saul. This theme implies that the northern tribes had no right to rebel against the descendants of David, the king whom Yahweh had chosen to rule. It is likely that the author wrote at a time when the nation of Israel was in a civil war, and that he supported the kingdom of Judah. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What covenant has its beginning in the Book of 2 Samuel? #### +2 Samuel 7 records how Yahweh made a covenant, in which he promised to make descendants of David rule forever over Israel. This covenant is viewed by Christians as being fulfilled by Jesus Christ, who in his human nature is a descendant of David. In this way, Jesus Christ is the ultimate "anointed one," the person chosen by God to be king forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why does the book refer to someone being addressed indirectly? #### +David frequently refers to himself as "your servant" when he speaks to King Saul. He also calls Saul "my master." This type of indirect reference can be difficult to translate. It is intended to show submissiveness to the one addressed. English sometimes uses the address "sir" or "ma'am" in this way. + +#### Can I translate this book before 1 Samuel? #### +1 Samuel should be translated before 2 Samuel, since it is a continuation of that book. + +#### How is the name "Israel" used in the Bible? #### +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who was also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the kingdom of Judah. 2 Samuel speaks of both the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel as "Israel." This can cause confusion because the civil war has not begun at this point in the history of Israel (See: [2 Samuel 2:10](../02/10.md); [2 Samuel 3:10](../03/09.md); [2 Samuel 5:5](../05/03.md); [2 Samuel 11:11](../11/09.md); [2 Samuel 12:8](../12/07.md); [2 Samuel 19:4](../19/03.md),[2 Samuel 42-43](../19/42.md); [2 Samuel 21:2](../21/02.md); [2 Samuel 24:1](../24/01.md)). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/01/01.md b/2th/01/01.md index 45a1002e30..b90dc1617b 100644 --- a/2th/01/01.md +++ b/2th/01/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## you ## +# General Information: -“you” refers to the believers in the Thessalonian Church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Paul is the author of this letter, but he includes Silvanus and Timothy as senders of the letter. He begins by greeting the church at Thessalonica. -## Silvanus ## +# General Information: -"Silvanus" is the Latin form of "Silas". He is the same person called Silas who travelled with Paul in the book of Acts. \ No newline at end of file +The words "we" and "us" refer to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, unless otherwise noted. Also, the word "you" is plural and refers to the believers at the church of Thessalonica. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Silvanus + +This is the Latin form of "Silas." He is the same person listed in the book of Acts as Paul's fellow traveler. + +# May grace be to you + +Paul commonly uses this greeting in his letters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/01/03.md b/2th/01/03.md index 3e866c316a..d1c6c4c382 100644 --- a/2th/01/03.md +++ b/2th/01/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## We should ## +# General Information: -"we" refers to Paul, Silas, and Timothy but not to the Thessalonian audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Paul gives thanks for the believers in Thessalonica. -## give thanks to God always ## +# We should always give thanks to God -"give thanks to God frequently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Paul uses "always" as a generalization meaning "often" or "regularly. The sentence emphasizes the greatness of what God is doing in the lives of the Thessalonian believers. AT: "We should often give thanks to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## for it is appropriate ## +# brothers -"for it is the right thing to do" or "for it is good" +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women. AT: "brothers and sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## toward one another ## +# For this is appropriate -"towards your fellow believers" +"For it is the right thing to do" or "For it is good" -## for you ## +# the love each of you has for one another increases -This refers to the believers at Thessalonica. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"you sincerely love one another" -## We ourselves ## +# one another -"ourselves" is a reflexive pronoun used here to emphasize Paul's boasting. Some translations just state "we". +Here "one another" means fellow Christians. -## persecutions and afflictions ## +# we ourselves -These words mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize how severely they were suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here "ourselves" is used to emphasize Paul's boasting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## that you will be counted worthy ## +# that you will be considered worthy of the kingdom of God -that God would consider you valuable for Him to have you in His kingdom \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God will consider you worthy to be part of his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/01/06.md b/2th/01/06.md index 91d1ae3b9f..cdaebeb65c 100644 --- a/2th/01/06.md +++ b/2th/01/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## It is righteous for God ## +# Connecting Statement: + +As Paul continues, he talks about God being just. + +# It is righteous for God "God is right" or "God is just" -## and relief to you ## +# relief to you -This example of ellipsis leaves out the words "for God to return". It can be translated as, "and for God to return relief to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +You can make it explicit that God is the one who provides relief. AT: "for God to provide relief to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## angels of his power ## +# the angels of his power -God's powerful messengers +"his powerful angels" -## In flaming fire will he take vengeance ## +# In flaming fire he will take vengeance on those who do not know God and on those who -"Then with blazing fire he will punish" (UDB) or "The Lord Jesus will punish with blazing fire" \ No newline at end of file +"He will punish with blazing fire those who do not know God and those who" or "Then with blazing fire he will punish those who do not know God and those who" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/01/09.md b/2th/01/09.md index 6886521b86..83cbff64b8 100644 --- a/2th/01/09.md +++ b/2th/01/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## They will suffer ## +# They will be punished -"The people who do not obey the gospel" +Here "They" refers to the people who do not obey the gospel. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Lord will punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## eternal destruction ## +# when he comes on that day -an eternal process of being destroyed without hope. +Here "that day" is the day when Jesus will return to the world. -## when he comes on that day ## +# to be glorified by his people and to be marveled at by all those who believed -when Jesus come on the day of the Lord - -## to be glorified by his saints ## - -This passive phrase can be stated as "Jesus's believers will glorify him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## to be marveled at ## - -"to be amazed at" or "to stand in awe at" - -## to you ## - -to the Thessalonian believers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when his people will glorify him and all those who believed will stand in awe of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/01/11.md b/2th/01/11.md index 3c0fb5124c..5baeae8332 100644 --- a/2th/01/11.md +++ b/2th/01/11.md @@ -1,31 +1,23 @@ -## For this we also pray ## +# we also pray continually for you -"We also pray" +Paul is emphasizing how often he prays for them. AT: we also pray regularly for you" or "we continue to pray for you" -## we ## +# calling -the pronoun "we" refers to Paul, Silas and Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Here "calling" refers to God appointing or choosing people to be his children and servants, and to proclaim his message of salvation through Jesus. -## we also pray continually for you ## +# fulfill every desire of goodness -"frequently". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"make you able to do good in every way that you desire" -## you ## +# that the name of our Lord Jesus may be glorified by you -All second person plural pronouns “you” refer to the believers in the Thessalonian church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you may glorify the name of our Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## fulfill every desire of goodness ## +# you will be glorified by him -"make you able to do good in every way that you desire". (UDB) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus will glorify you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that the name of our Lord Jesus may be glorified by you ## +# because of the grace of our God -"that you may glorify the name of our Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## and you by him ## - -"and Jesus may glorify you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## because of the grace of our God ## - -"because of our God's grace" \ No newline at end of file +"because of God's grace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/01/intro.md b/2th/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..309e79078f --- /dev/null +++ b/2th/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 2 Thessalonians 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +1:1-2 forms a formal introduction to this letter. It was a common way of introducing a letter in the ancient Near East. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a seemingly absurd statement, which appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: persecution is a sign of blessing from God. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Thessalonians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* **[2 Thessalonians intro](../front/intro.md) +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/02/01.md b/2th/02/01.md index d53ac44f1d..742dec50f2 100644 --- a/2th/02/01.md +++ b/2th/02/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Now ## +# General Information: -"Now" marks a change in topic. +Paul exhorts believers not to be deceived about the day Jesus will come back. -## we request you ## +# Now -"I urge you" (UDB) +The word "Now" marks a change of topic in Paul's instructions. -## we request ## +# brothers -"we" refers to Paul, Silas, and Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women. AT: "brothers and sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## you ## +# that you not be easily disturbed or troubled -“You” refers to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"that you do not easily let yourselves be disturbed" -## that you be not easily shaken ## +# by a message, or by a letter that seems to be coming from us -that these events do not easily shake your minds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"by spoken word or by written letter that pretends to be coming from us" -## by word, or by letter as from us ## +# to the effect that -"by spoken word or by written letter as coming from us" +"saying that" -## so as to believe ## +# the day of the Lord -"telling you" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the time when Jesus will come back to the earth for all believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/02/03.md b/2th/02/03.md index c2f7d850f2..6572f49de5 100644 --- a/2th/02/03.md +++ b/2th/02/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## deceive you ## +# General Information: -refers to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Paul teaches about the man of lawlessness. -## it will not come ## +# it will not come -"the Day of the Lord will not come" +"the day of the Lord will not come" -## and the man of lawlessness is revealed ## +# the falling away -"and God will expose the man of lawlessness." (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This refers to a future time when many people will turn away from God. -## the son of destruction ## +# the man of lawlessness is revealed -"the one who destroys everything he can" or "the Destroyer." He will do his father's bidding, that is, Satan. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God reveals the man of lawlessness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## all that is called God or is worshiped ## +# the son of destruction -"everything that people worship" \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of destruction as a person who bore a son whose goal is to totally destroy everything. AT: "the one who destroys everything he can" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all that is called God or that is worshiped + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everything that people consider to be God or everything that people worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# exhibits himself as God + +"shows himself as God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/02/05.md b/2th/02/05.md index 035267dabb..35c223d1e7 100644 --- a/2th/02/05.md +++ b/2th/02/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Do you not remember ## +# Do you not remember ... these things? -This rhetorical question is used to remind the believers of Paul's teachings. It can be translated as "I am sure you remember". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses a rhetorical question to remind them of his teaching when he was with them previously. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "I am sure you remember ... these things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do you not ## +# these things -"you" refers to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +This refers to the return of Jesus, the day of the Lord, and the man of lawlessness. -## these things ## +# he will be revealed only at the right time -This refers to the return of Jesus, the day of the Lord, and the man of lawlessness.​ +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will reveal the man of lawlessness when the time is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for him to be revealed when it is time for him to be ## +# mystery of lawlessness -"until God decides to reveal the man of lawlessness" +This refers to a sacred secret that only God knows. -## mystery of lawlessness ## +# who restrains him -A sacred secret that is not known by human reason but is only known by the revelation of God. \ No newline at end of file +To restrain someone is to hold them back or to keep them from doing what they want to do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/02/08.md b/2th/02/08.md index 178774b9cd..dde99b17a3 100644 --- a/2th/02/08.md +++ b/2th/02/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Then the lawless one will be revealed ## +# Then the lawless one will be revealed -"Then God will reveal the lawless one". The lawless one is another name for the Antichrist. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then God will allow the lawless one to show himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## breath of his mouth ## +# with the breath of his mouth -"by the power of his spoken word" +Here "breath" represents the power of God. AT: "by the power of his spoken word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## bring to nothing by the revelation of his coming ## +# bring him to nothing by the revelation of his coming -Jesus will destroy the lawless one when he appears at his return. +When Jesus returns to earth and shows himself, he will defeat the lawless one. -## The lawless one's coming will be due to the work of Satan ## +# with all power, signs, and false wonders -Satan will enable the Lawless one to act in all power, signs, and false wonders. \ No newline at end of file +"with all kinds of power, signs, and false wonders" + +# with all deceit of unrighteousness + +This person will use every sort of evil to deceive people to believe in him instead of God. + +# These things will be for those who are perishing + +This man who is given power by Satan will deceive everyone who did not believe in Jesus. + +# who are perishing + +Here "perishing" has the concept of everlasting or eternal destruction. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/02/11.md b/2th/02/11.md index 9bd08b8a67..7315b7efb2 100644 --- a/2th/02/11.md +++ b/2th/02/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## For this reason ## +# For this reason "Because the people do not love the truth" -## God is sending them a work of error so that they would believe a lie ## +# God is sending them a work of error so that they would believe a lie -"God is allowing the man of lawlessness to deceive them" +Paul is speaking of God allowing something to happen to people as if he is sending them something. AT: "God is allowing the man of lawlessness to deceive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that they all might be judged ## +# they will all be judged -"and God will judge them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will judge all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who did not believe the truth but instead took pleasure in unrighteousness + +"those who took pleasure in unrighteousness because they did not believe the truth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/02/13.md b/2th/02/13.md index 9f7ada0d64..23bb7fb3e1 100644 --- a/2th/02/13.md +++ b/2th/02/13.md @@ -1,43 +1,47 @@ -## But ## +# Connecting Statement: -"but" marks a change in topic. +Paul now changes topics. -## we should always give thanks ## +# General Information: -"We should frequently give thanks." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Paul gives thanks to God for the believers and encourages them. -## we ## +# But -The pronoun "we" refers to Paul, Silas, and Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Paul uses this word here to mark a change in topic. -## you ## +# we should always give thanks -"you" is plural and refers to the believers in the Thessalonian church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]). +The word "always" is a generalization. AT: "we should continually give thanks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## brothers loved by the Lord ## +# we should -"for the lord loves you, brothers," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "we" refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy. -## as the first fruits for salvation ## +# brothers loved by the Lord -"to be among the first people to believe" (UDB) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the Lord loves you, brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in sanctification of the Spirit ## +# brothers -"that God would save and set you apart for himself by means of his Spirit" (UDB) +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women. AT: "brothers and sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## belief in the truth ## +# as the firstfruits for salvation in sanctification of the Spirit and belief in the truth -"trust in the truth" or "have confidence in the truth" +Being among the first people to be saved is spoken of as if the Thessalonian believers are "firstfruits." This can also be stated to remove the abstract nouns "salvation," "sanctification," "belief," and "truth." AT: "to be among the first people who believe what is true, and whom God has saved and set apart for himself by his Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## grasp the traditions ## +# So then, brothers, stand firm -These traditions are those teachings that were handed down (taught) by Paul and possibly other apostles regarding the truths of Christ. +Paul exhorts the believers to hold fast to their faith in Jesus. -## you were taught ## +# hold tightly to the traditions -"we have taught you" (UDB) (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "traditions" refers to the truths of Christ that Paul and the other apostles taught. Paul speaks of them as if his readers could hold on to them with their hands. AT: "remember the traditions" or "believe the truths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## whether by word or by our letter ## +# you were taught -whether by what we taught you in person or by the words we wrote to you in a letter sent to you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we have taught you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whether by word or by our letter + +You can make clear the implicit information. AT: "whether by what we taught you in person or by what we wrote to you in a letter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/02/16.md b/2th/02/16.md index 05bf88b152..8ef8f33828 100644 --- a/2th/02/16.md +++ b/2th/02/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Now ## +# Connecting Statement: -marks change in topic +Paul ends with a blessing from God. -## may our Lord...loved us and gave us ## +# Now -"our" and "us" includes Paul's audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Paul uses this word here to mark a change in topic. -## Lord Jesus Christ himself ## +# may our Lord ... who loved us and gave us -"himself" adds additional emphasis to the phrase the Lord Jesus Christ. +The words "our" and "us" refer to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## your ## +# Lord Jesus Christ himself -This word is plural and refers to the believers in the Thessalonian church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here "himself" gives additional emphasis to the phrase "Lord Jesus Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## comfort and establish your hearts in ## +# comfort and establish your hearts in -"comfort you and strengthen you for" \ No newline at end of file +"hearts" refers to the seat of emotions. AT: "comfort you and strengthen you for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/02/intro.md b/2th/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..97b9a65066 --- /dev/null +++ b/2th/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Thessalonians 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Being gathered together to be with him" ##### + +Many scholars believe this passage refers to an event known as the "rapture." This is a time when Jesus calls those who believe in him to himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### Antichrist ##### +Other names for the Antichrist in this chapter are the "man of lawlessness," "the lawless one," and the "son of destruction." During the time prophesied in this chapter, Satan will be actively at work in the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Sits in the temple of God ##### +Since the temple no longer exists, it is possible this is a reference to the idea that the temple will one day be rebuilt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Thessalonians 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/03/01.md b/2th/03/01.md index 798b5b98bd..069d2fc77b 100644 --- a/2th/03/01.md +++ b/2th/03/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## And now ## +# General Information: -Marks a change of topic. +Paul asks the believers to pray for him and his companions. -## pray for us...that we may ## +# Now -"us" and "we" refers to Paul, Silas and Timothy but not their audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Paul uses the word "now" to mark a change in topic. -## word of the Lord may spread rapidly ## +# brothers -that many more people will hear the message about our Lord Jesus. +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women. AT: "brothers and sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## be glorified ## +# that the word of the Lord may rush and be glorified, as it also is with you -That people will honor the message of Jesus Christ. +Paul speaks of God's word spreading as if it were running from place to place. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that more and more people will soon hear our message about our Lord Jesus and honor it, as happened with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## with you...establish you ## +# that we may be delivered -refers to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God may save us" or "that God may rescue us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that we may be delivered ## +# for not all have faith -"that God may save us" or "that God may rescue us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"for many people do not believe in Jesus" -## who will establish you ## +# who will establish you "who will strengthen you" -## the evil one ## +# the evil one -"the evil one, Satan." \ No newline at end of file +"Satan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/03/04.md b/2th/03/04.md index ee5ebba6d8..73ec75048c 100644 --- a/2th/03/04.md +++ b/2th/03/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## in the Lord ## +# We have confidence -"joined to the Lord" (UDB) +"We have faith" or "We trust" -## we ## +# direct your hearts -“we” refers to Paul, Silas and Timothy but not their audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Paul describes the Lord motivating Christians to love God as if the Lord were guiding them down a path. AT: "help you know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## concerning ## +# hearts -"about" +This is a metaphor for the emotions or will, which control love and faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you ## +# to the love of God and to the endurance of Christ -“you” and "your" refer to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) - -## direct your hearts ## - -This is an expression that refers to the believers not just a body part. "guide your hearts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of God's love and Christ's endurance as if they were destinations on a path. AT: "how much God loves you and how much Christ has endured for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/03/06.md b/2th/03/06.md index e391bb86c9..452d4dd720 100644 --- a/2th/03/06.md +++ b/2th/03/06.md @@ -1,39 +1,39 @@ -## Now ## +# General Information: -marks a new topic. +Paul gives the believers some final instructions about working and not being idle. -## we command...from us ## +# Now -"we" and "us" refers to Paul, Silas and Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]). +Paul uses this word to mark a change in topic. -## command you...you avoid ## +# brothers -"you" refers to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women. AT: "brothers and sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## we command you ## +# in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ -"we charge you" or "we order you" +"by the authority of the Lord Jesus Christ" -## our Lord ## +# our Lord -"our" includes the Thessalonians believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]). +Here "our" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## live idly ## +# to imitate us -"is lazy and refuses to work" (UDB) +"to act the way that my fellow workers and I act" -## to imitate us ## +# We did not live among you as those who had no discipline -"to act like us" +Paul uses a double negative to emphasize the positive. This can be stated as a positive. AT: "We lived among you as those who had much discipline" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## in labor and toil we worked ## +# we worked night and day -The words "labor" and "toil" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize how hard they worked. AT: "we worked very hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"we worked during the night and during the day." Here "night" and "day" are a merism and they mean "all the time." AT: "we worked all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## night and day ## +# in difficult labor and hardship -"during the night and during the day" +Paul emphasizes how hard his circumstances were. Difficult labor implies work that requires great effort. Hardship implies they endured pain and suffering. AT: "in very difficult circumstances" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## It is not that we do not have authority ## +# We did this not because we have no authority. Instead, we did -"We have authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul uses a double negative to emphasize the positive. This can be stated as a positive. AT: "We certainly have the right to receive food from you, but instead we worked for our food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/03/10.md b/2th/03/10.md index 451cf7309e..6647d5705d 100644 --- a/2th/03/10.md +++ b/2th/03/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## we ## +# The one who is unwilling to work must not eat -refers to Paul, Silas and Timothy but not the Thessalonians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]). +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "If a person wants to eat, he must work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## you ## +# some walk idly -refer to Thessalonians believers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here "walk" stands for behavior in life. AT: "some live idle lives" or "some are lazy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## some walk idly ## +# but are instead meddlers -"some live idle lives" or "some are lazy" +Meddlers are people who interfere in the affairs of others without being asked to help. -## with quietness ## +# with quietness -"in a quiet, peaceful, mild manner" \ No newline at end of file +"in a quiet, peaceful, and mild manner." Paul exhorts the meddlers to stop getting involved in other people's affairs. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/03/13.md b/2th/03/13.md index 8617f41b20..0a3a5f46af 100644 --- a/2th/03/13.md +++ b/2th/03/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## But ## +# But -"but" contrasts between the lazy believers to the hard working believers. +Paul uses this word to contrast the lazy believers with the hardworking believers. -## you ## +# you, brothers -this refers to the Thessalonians believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The word "you" refers to all the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## do not lose heart ## +# brothers -This is an idiom for "do not be discouraged". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women. AT: "brothers and sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## take note of him ## +# do not lose heart -"publicly identify that person" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +To "lose heart" is an idiom that means to get tired, weary, or discouraged. AT: "do not be discouraged" or "do not grow weary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# take note of him + +Notice who he is. AT: "publicly identify that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# so that he may be ashamed + +Paul instructs believers to shun lazy believers as a disciplinary action. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/03/16.md b/2th/03/16.md index 9f598bfd74..344b64f669 100644 --- a/2th/03/16.md +++ b/2th/03/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the Lord of Peace himself ## +# General Information: -"himself" adds emphasis to declare that the Lord of Peace will personally do it. +Paul makes closing remarks to the believers at Thessalonica. -## you ## +# May the Lord of peace himself give you -"you" refers to Thessalonians believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +You can make explicit that this is Paul's prayer for the Thessalonians. AT: "I pray that the Lord of peace himself gives you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## This is my greeting, Paul, with my own hand ## +# the Lord of peace himself -"I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand" \ No newline at end of file +Here "himself" emphasizes that the Lord will personally give peace to believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# This is my greeting, Paul, with my own hand, which is the sign in every letter + +"I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand, which I do in every letter, as a sign that this letter is truly from me" + +# This is how I write + +Paul makes it clear that this letter is from him and is not a forgery. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/03/intro.md b/2th/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6422d6ca3e --- /dev/null +++ b/2th/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# 2 Thessalonians 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Idleness and laziness ##### +In Thessalonica, there apparently was a problem with people in their church who were able to work but refused to do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### What should you do if "your brother sins"? ##### + +In this chapter, Paul teaches it is important for Christians to live in a way that honors God. Christians should also encourage one another and hold each other accountable for their actions. The church is also responsible for encouraging believers to repent if they sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Thessalonians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/front/intro.md b/2th/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5ec92e8eab --- /dev/null +++ b/2th/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +# Introduction to 2 Thessalonians # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 2 Thessalonians #### + +1. Greetings and thanksgiving (1:1-3) +1. Christians suffering from persecution + - They are worthy of the kingdom of God and of his promise of relief from trials (1:5-7) + - God will judge those who persecute Christians (1:8-12) +1. Some believers' misunderstanding about the second coming of Christ + - Christ's return has not yet happened (2:1-2) + - Instruction about the events that will precede the return of Christ (2:3-12) +1. Paul's confidence that God will save the Thessalonian Christians + - His call to "stand firm" (2:13-15) + - His prayer that God will comfort them (2:16-17) +1. Paul requests that the Thessalonian believers pray for him (3:1-5) +1. Paul give commands about idle believers (3:6-15) +1. Closing (3:16-17) + +#### What is the Book of 2 Thessalonians about? #### + +This letter was probably written because of new information about events affecting the church in Thessalonica since Paul's first letter. It implies that there was a false letter written in the name of Paul, received by the church in Thessalonica, and that its false teaching led to some confusion. + +There are several major issues addressed in 2 Thessalonians. The first matter is the confusion that arose about the second coming of Jesus Christ. The second matter Paul addresses is the issue of idleness. Thirdly, Paul also encourages Christians who are suffering from persecution. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "2 Thessalonians" or "Second Thessalonians." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Second Letter to the Church in Thessalonica," or "The Second Letter to the Christians in Thessalonica." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the "second coming" of Jesus? #### + +The Book of 2 Thessalonians focuses on Jesus' eventual return to Earth. At this time, mankind will be judged, Christ's kingdom will begin, and peace will reign. This letter also explains that the Antichrist, the most powerful enemy of Christ, will appear before the return of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]]) + +#### What are eternal rewards and punishment? #### + +Those who do not believe in Jesus will suffer eternal punishment after they die. Christians are saved from this punishment, but they will be rewarded based on the faithfulness of the life they lived as Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +Paul means to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Thessalonians? #### + +* "and the man of lawlessness is revealed" (2:3). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Older versions have, "and the man of sin is revealed." +* "For God chose you as the first fruits for salvation" (2:13) The ULB, UDB, and some other versions have this reading. Other versions have, "For God chose you from the first for salvation." If there are other versions in their region, translators should consider following their reading in this passage. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/01/01.md b/2ti/01/01.md index 3b04afe15a..98f37e190f 100644 --- a/2ti/01/01.md +++ b/2ti/01/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## Paul ## +# General Information: -"From Paul" or "I, Paul write this letter" +In this book, unless otherwise noted, the word "our" refers to Paul and Timothy (the one to whom this letter is written), as well as to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## through the will of God ## +# Paul ... to Timothy -"because of God's will" or "because God wanted it to be this way." Paul became an apostle because God wanted Paul to be an apostle, and not because a human being chose him. +Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. Also, immediately after introducing the author, you may need to tell to whom the letter is written, as in the UDB. -## according to ## +# through the will of God -Possible meanings: 1) "in keeping with," meaning that just as God promises that Jesus gives life, he has made Paul an apostle; 2) "for the purpose of," meaning that God appointed Paul to tell others about God's promise of life in Jesus. +"because of God's will" or "because God wanted it." Paul became an apostle because God wanted him to be an apostle and not because a human being chose him. -## the promise of the life which is in Christ Jesus ## +# according to -"God has promised to make those who are in Christ Jesus alive" +Possible meanings are 1) "for the purpose of." This means that God appointed Paul to tell others about God's promise of life in Jesus or 2) "in keeping with." This means that just as God promises that Jesus gives life, he has made Paul an apostle. -## beloved child ## +# of the life that is in Christ Jesus -"dear child" or "child who is loved" or "child whom I love." Timothy was converted to Christ by Paul, and Paul considered him like his own child for this reason. +Paul speaks of "the life" as if it were an object inside of Jesus. This refers to the life people receive as a result of belonging to Christ Jesus. AT: "of the life that we receive as a result of belonging to Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Grace, mercy, and peace from ## +# beloved child -"May grace, mercy and peace be yours from" or "May you experience kindness, mercy and peace within from" +"dear child" or "child whom I love. Here "child" is a term of great love and approval. It is also likely that Timothy was converted to Christ by Paul, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. AT: "who is like my beloved child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## God the Father ## +# Grace, mercy, and peace from -"God who is our Father" +"May grace, mercy, and peace be yours from" or "May you experience kindness, mercy, and peace within from" -## and Christ Jesus our Lord ## +# God the Father and -"and Christ Jesus who is our Lord" \ No newline at end of file +"God, who is our Father, and." This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Christ Jesus our Lord + +"Christ Jesus, who is our Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/01/03.md b/2ti/01/03.md index dfd2eea58b..d00722e445 100644 --- a/2ti/01/03.md +++ b/2ti/01/03.md @@ -1,39 +1,43 @@ -## I serve from my forefathers ## +# whom I serve from my forefathers -Paul worships the same God as his ancient ancestors did. AT: "… for whom I perform my duties as a Christian just as my ancestors who came before me did…" +"whom I serve as my ancestors did" -## in a pure conscience ## +# with a clean conscience -"with a clean conscience." He is not bothered by thoughts of wrongdoing because he has always tried to do what was right. +Paul speaks of his conscience as if it could be physically clean. This means that a person does not feel guilty because he has always tried to do what was right. AT: "knowing I have tried my hardest to do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## as I constantly remember you ## +# as I constantly remember you -"when I remember you continuously" or 'while I remember you all the time" +"when I remember you continually" or "while I remember you all the time" -## night and day ## +# night and day -Possible meanings are 1) "my prayers night and day" 2) "I constantly remember you night and day 3) "longing to see you night and day." +Here "night and day" are used together to mean "always." AT: "Always" or "Constantly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## longing to see you ## +# I long to see you -"wanting very much to see you" +"I want very much to see you" -## remembering your tears ## +# I may be filled with joy -"keeping all the things that you have suffered in my mind" +Paul speaks of himself as if he were a container that someone could fill. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I may be full of joy" or "I may have complete joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## may be filled with joy ## +# I remember your tears -"have much joy" or "be very joyful" +Here "tears" represents crying. AT: "I remember how you cried for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## having been reminded ## +# I have been reminded of your -"because I have been reminded" or "when I have been reminded" or "for I have been reminded" or "and having been reminded" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I also remember your" or "I also recall your" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## your genuine faith ## +# your genuine faith -"your faith that is real" or "your faith that is not pretended.” It refers to being honest or true. +"your faith that is real" or "your faith that is sincere" -## faith … which lived in your grandmother … now lives in you ## +# faith, which lived first in your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice, and I am convinced that it lives in you also -Timothy's Grandmother was a devout woman and Paul is comparing Timothy's faith with his grandmother's. \ No newline at end of file +Paul is speaking of their faith as if it were something that was alive and lived in them. Paul means they have the same sort of faith. This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "faith. Lois, your grandmother, and Eunice, your mother, first had genuine faith, and I am confident that you have genuine faith as well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Lois ... Eunice + +These are names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/01/06.md b/2ti/01/06.md index b22e7fc643..a68e387d7f 100644 --- a/2ti/01/06.md +++ b/2ti/01/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## This is the reason ## +# Connecting Statement: -"For this reason" or "Because of your sincere faith in Jesus" or "Since you have a sincere faith in Jesus" +Paul encourages Timothy to live in power, love, and discipline and not to be ashamed because of Paul's suffering in prison because of his (Paul's) faith in Christ. -## I remind you ## +# This is the reason -"I am reminding you" or "I am telling you again" +"For this reason" or "Because of your sincere faith in Jesus" -## rekindle the gift of God in you through the laying on of my hands ## +# to rekindle the gift -Paul had laid hands on Timothy conferring the Holy Spirit and a spiritual ability or gift upon him. Paul is telling Timothy to "relight" or "rekindle" that spiritual ability in his work for Christ. The picture of blowing on or fanning a bed of coals is a metaphor for spiritual abilities and gifts that Timothy had been neglecting or not using. +Paul speaks about Timothy's need to start using his gift again as if he were restarting a fire. AT: "to start using again the gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For God ## +# the gift of God which is in you through the laying on of my hands -"Because God" or "Since God" +"the gift of God that you received when I laid my hands on you." This refers to a ceremony in which Paul placed his hands on Timothy and prayed that God would enable him to do the work he had commanded him to do. -## God did not give us a spirit of fear ## +# God did not give us a spirit of fear, but of power and love and discipline -Paul had received the Spirit from God. When he laid his hands on Timothy, the same Spirit had come upon Timothy. This Spirit did not cause them to be afraid of God or of other people. +Possible meanings are 1) "spirit" refers to the "Holy Spirit." AT: "God's Holy Spirit does not cause us to be afraid. He causes us to have power and love and discipline" or 2) "spirit" refers to a characteristic. AT: "God does not cause us to be afraid but to have power and love and discipline" -## spirit of ... discipline ## +# discipline -Possible meanings are "God's Spirit enables us to control ourselves" (see UDB) or 2) "God's Spirit enables us to correct others who go wrong." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the power to control ourselves or 2) the power to correct other people who are doing wrong. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/01/08.md b/2ti/01/08.md index 25905e7d14..131c5284f7 100644 --- a/2ti/01/08.md +++ b/2ti/01/08.md @@ -1,43 +1,55 @@ -## Then do not be ashamed ## +# of the testimony -"Therefore do not be afraid" or "So do not be fearful" +"of testifying" or "of telling others" -## share in suffering for the gospel ## +# his prisoner -Paul was suffering wrongly for the sake of the Gospel. He is telling Timothy to not be afraid to suffer for the Gospel in the same way. +"a prisoner for his sake" or "a prisoner because I testify about the Lord" -## according to the power of God ## +# share in suffering for the gospel -"allowing God to make you strong" +Paul speaks of suffering as if it were an object that could be shared or distributed among people. AT: "suffer with me for the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## not according to our works ## +# gospel according to the power of God -"it is not by how many good things we do that we are saved" or "God does not save us on the basis of the good things we do" or "God saves us even though we have done bad things" +"gospel, allowing God to make you strong" -## who saved us … according to his own plan ## +# with a holy calling -"God planned to save us and now has saved us" or "God decided that he would save us and decided how he would save us and now has saved us" or "who saved us … the way he had planned to save us" +"with a calling that set us apart as his people" or "to be his holy people" -## before times ever began ## +# He did this -"before the world began" or "before time began." +"He saved and called us" -## times ## +# not according to our works -This is a metonym for the universe, all that exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"not because we did anything to deserve it" -## God's salvation has been revealed by the appearing of our Savior Christ Jesus ## +# but according to his own plan and grace -"God has shown how he will save us by having our Savior the Messiah Jesus appear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"but because he planned to show us kindness" -## who destroyed death ## +# in Christ Jesus -"who destroyed death's power over us" +"through our relationship to Christ Jesus" -## brought life that never ends to light through the gospel ## +# before times ever began -"taught what life that never ends is by preaching the gospel" +"before the world began" or "before time began" -## I was appointed a proclaimer ## +# God's salvation has been revealed by the appearing of our Savior Christ Jesus -"God chose me to preach the message" \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of salvation as if it were an object that could uncovered and shown to people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has shown how he will save us by sending our Savior Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who put an end to death + +Paul speaks of death as if it were an independent process instead of the event of people dying. AT: "who destroyed death" or "who made it possible for people not to remain dead forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# brought life that never ends to light through the gospel + +Paul speaks of teaching about eternal life as if it were an object that could be brought from darkness into light so that people could see it. AT: "taught what life that never ends is by preaching the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I was appointed a preacher + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God chose me to be a preacher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/01/12.md b/2ti/01/12.md index 3b9ce4bd3e..479a7369c7 100644 --- a/2ti/01/12.md +++ b/2ti/01/12.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## For this cause ## +# For this cause "Because I am an apostle" -## I suffer ... these things ## +# I also suffer these things -"I am a prisoner" +Paul is referring to being a prisoner. -## I am persuaded ## +# I am persuaded "I am convinced" -## that day ## +# to keep that which I have entrusted to him -Possible meanings are 1) the day when the Lord comes again or 2) the day when God judges people. +Paul is using a metaphor of a person leaving something with another person who is supposed to protect it until he gives it back to the first person. Possible meanings are 1) Paul is trusting Jesus to help him remain faithful, or 2) Paul is trusting that Jesus will ensure that people continue spreading the gospel message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Keep to the pattern of healthy words which you heard from me ## +# that day -"Keep teaching the correct ideas I have taught you" or "Use my words and my teaching methods as a pattern for what and how you should teach" +This refers to the day when God judges all people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## healthy words ## +# Keep the example of faithful messages that you heard from me -"correct ideas" or "true words" +"Keep teaching the correct ideas I have taught you" or "Use how I taught you as a pattern for what and how you should teach" -## That good thing ## +# with the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus + +"as you trust in Jesus Christ and love him" + +# The good thing This refers to the work of proclaiming the gospel correctly. -## guard it ## +# guard it Timothy needs to be alert because people will oppose his work, try to make him stop, and distort what he says. -## through the Holy Spirit ## +# through the Holy Spirit -"do all and only what the Holy Spirit tells you to do" \ No newline at end of file +"with the power of the Holy Spirit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/01/15.md b/2ti/01/15.md index 654eb51335..5c4a22523c 100644 --- a/2ti/01/15.md +++ b/2ti/01/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## turned away from me ## +# turned away from me -They abandoned him because he had been arrested and thrown into prison. +Paul speaks of their ceasing to help him as if they had physically turned away from him. They abandoned Paul because the authorities had thrown him into prison. AT: "have stopped helping me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## was not ashamed of my chain ## +# Phygelus and Hermogenes ... Onesiphorus -Onesiphorus was not ashamed of Paul because he was in prison but came to visit him frequently. //Chain// is a metonym for being in prison. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## grant to him to find mercy … in that day ## +# to the household -Paul is wishing that Onesiphorus receives mercy and not punishment on either 1) the day the Lord comes again or 2) the day when God will judge people. \ No newline at end of file +"to the family" + +# was not ashamed of my chain + +Here "chain" is a metonym for being in prison. Onesiphorus was not ashamed that Paul was in prison but came to visit him frequently. AT: "was not ashamed that I was in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May the Lord grant to him to find mercy from him + +"May Onesiphorus receive mercy from the Lord" or "May the Lord show him mercy" + +# to find mercy from him + +Paul speaks of mercy as if it were an object that could be found. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# on that day + +This refers to the day when God will judge all people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/01/intro.md b/2ti/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..64fdbd5668 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ti/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# 2 Timothy 01 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Spiritual children ##### + +Paul calls Timothy his "son." Paul was very involved in discipling Timothy. Because of this relationship, he called him his "spiritual" son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Persecution ##### +Both Paul and Timothy were suffering persecution when this letter was written. Paul takes the time to encourage Timothy in the midst of these difficulties. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Timothy 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[2 Timothy intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/01.md b/2ti/02/01.md index 8560b6257a..98eaab45c9 100644 --- a/2ti/02/01.md +++ b/2ti/02/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## be strengthened in the grace that is in Christ Jesus ## +# Connecting Statement: -Possible meanings are 1) "let God use the grace he gave you in Christ Jesus to make you strong" (see UDB) or 2) "encourage yourself, knowing that God has given you the grace that comes only through Christ Jesus" +Paul pictures Timothy's Christian life as a soldier's life, as a farmer's life, and as an athlete's life. -## among many witnesses ## +# my child -"with many witnesses there to agree that my words were true" +Here "child" is a term of great love and approval. It is also likely that Timothy was converted to Christ by Paul, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. AT: "who is like my child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## faithful ## +# be strengthened in the grace that is in Christ Jesus + +Paul speaks about the motivation and determination that God's grace allows believers to have. AT: "let God use the grace he gave you through your relationship to Christ Jesus to make you strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# among many witnesses + +"with many witnesses there to agree that what I said is true" + +# entrust them to faithful people + +Paul speaks of his instructions to Timothy as if they were objects that Timothy could give to other people and trust them to use correctly. AT: "commit them" or "teach them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# faithful "trustworthy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/03.md b/2ti/02/03.md index 4742658917..067d7376ec 100644 --- a/2ti/02/03.md +++ b/2ti/02/03.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -In verses 4, 5, and 6, Paul uses three metaphors to tell how a servant of Christ should live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Suffer hardship with me -## Suffer hardship with me ## +Possible meanings are 1) "Endure suffering as I do" or 2) "Share in my suffering" -Possible meanings are 1) "endure suffering as I do." (see UDB) or 2) "share in my suffering." +# as a good soldier of Christ Jesus -## No soldier serves while entangled in the affairs of this life ## +Paul compares suffering for Christ Jesus to the suffering that a good soldier endures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -“No soldier serves when he is involved in the everyday business of this life” or “When soldiers are serving, they do not get distracted by the ordinary things that people have to do.” This is the first of the three metaphors. The reader should understand that Christ's servants should not allow everyday life to keep them away from working for Christ. +# No soldier serves while entangled in the affairs of this life -## entangled ## +"No soldier serves when he is involved in the everyday business of this life" or "When soldiers are serving, they do not get distracted by the ordinary things that people do." Christ's servants should not allow everyday life to keep them from working for Christ. -Being prevented from serving because of doing other things is spoken of as being caught in a net. +# while entangled -## superior officer ## +Paul speaks of this distraction as if it were a net that tripped people up as they were walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"the one who enlisted him as a soldier" +# his superior officer -## an athlete … is not crowned unless he competes by the rules ## +"his leader" or "the one who commands him" -This is the second metaphor that Paul gives Timothy. The reader should understand that Christ's servants need to do what Christ says to do. +# as an athlete, he is not crowned unless he competes by the rules -## he is not crowned ## +Paul is implicitly speaking of Christ's servants as if they were athletes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"he does not win the prize" +# he is not crowned unless he competes by the rules -## competes by the rules ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will crown him as winner only if he competes by the rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"strictly obeys the rules" or "strictly competes according to the rules" \ No newline at end of file +# he is not crowned + +"he does not win the prize." Athletes in Paul's time were crowned with wreaths made from the leaves of plants when they won competitions. + +# competes by the rules + +"competes according to the rules" or "strictly obeys the rules" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/06.md b/2ti/02/06.md index 6a0f332a05..9c42269654 100644 --- a/2ti/02/06.md +++ b/2ti/02/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## The hardworking farmer must receive his share of the crops first ## +# It is necessary that the hardworking farmer receive his share of the crops first -This is the third metaphor that Paul gives Timothy. The reader should understand that Christ's servants need to work hard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is the third metaphor Paul gives Timothy about working. The reader should understand that Christ's servants need to work hard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Think about what I am saying ## +# Think about what I am saying -Paul gave Timothy three metaphors, but he did not explain their meanings. He expected Timothy to figure out what Paul was saying about Christ's servants. +Paul gave Timothy word pictures, but he did not completely explain their meanings. He expected Timothy to figure out what he was saying about Christ's servants. -## for the Lord ## +# in everything -"because the Lord" \ No newline at end of file +"about everything" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/08.md b/2ti/02/08.md index dec5a42a08..1411e3b2be 100644 --- a/2ti/02/08.md +++ b/2ti/02/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## according to my gospel message ## +# Connecting Statement: -"that is my gospel" +Paul gives Timothy instructions on how to live for Christ, how to suffer for Christ, and how to teach others to live for Christ. -## by which I suffer ## +# from David's seed -"the gospel message for which I suffer" +This is a metaphor that means Jesus descended from David. AT: "who is a descendant of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## chained ## +# who was raised from the dead ones -"imprisoned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active from. AT: "whom God raised from the dead ones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the word of God is not chained ## +# according to my gospel message -"is not restricted" or "is not imprisoned" or "has full freedom" +Paul speaks of the gospel message as if it were especially his. He means that this is the gospel message that he proclaims. AT: "according to the gospel message that I preach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for those who are chosen ## +# to the point of being chained as a criminal -"for the people whom God has chosen" +Here "being chained" represents being a prisoner. This can be stated in active form. AT: "to the point of wearing chains as a criminal in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## may obtain the salvation ## +# the word of God is not chained -"will receive salvation" or "God will save them" +Here "chained" represents being a prisoner. Here this is a metaphor that means no one can stop God's message. AT: "no one can put the word of God in prison" or "no one can stop the word of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## with eternal glory ## +# for those who are chosen -"glorifying God forever" or "pointing people to God forever" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the people whom God has chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# may obtain the salvation that is in Christ Jesus + +Paul speaks of salvation as if it were an object that could be physically grasped. AT: "will receive salvation from Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with eternal glory + +"and that they will be forever with him in the glorious place where he is" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/11.md b/2ti/02/11.md index 1edae63436..1664685428 100644 --- a/2ti/02/11.md +++ b/2ti/02/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## this saying ## +# This is a trustworthy saying -"these words" +"These are words you can trust" -## died ## +# If we have died with him ... he cannot deny himself -Here this means someone dying to himself. In other words, refusing to give into his own desires. +This is most likely a song or poem that Paul is quoting. If your language has a way of indicating that this is poetry you could use it here. If not, you could translate this as regular prose rather than poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) -## if we are unfaithful ## +# died with him + +Paul uses this expression to mean that people share in Christ's death when they trust in him, deny their own wants, and obey him. + +# if we are unfaithful "even if we fail God" or "even if we do not do what we believe God wants us to do" -## he cannot deny himself ## +# he cannot deny himself -"he must always do act according to his character" or “he cannot act in ways that are opposite of his real character” \ No newline at end of file +"he must always act according to his character" or "he cannot act in ways that are the opposite of his real character" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/14.md b/2ti/02/14.md index 36445dffa1..c0906813df 100644 --- a/2ti/02/14.md +++ b/2ti/02/14.md @@ -1,35 +1,27 @@ -## them ## +# General Information: -Possible meanings: 1) "the teachers" (UDB); 2) "the people of the church" +The word "them" may refer to "the teachers" or "the people of the church" -## before God ## +# before God -"in the presence of God" or "knowing that God is watching you and them" +Paul speaks of God's awareness of Paul as if he is in God's physical presence. This implies that God will be Timothy's witness. AT: "in God's presence" or "with God as your witness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## not to quarrel about words ## +# against quarreling about words -“not to argue over what words mean” or “not to say words that cause fights” or “not to say words meant to hurt others” +Possible meanings are 1) "not to argue about foolish things that people say" or 2) "not to quarrel about what words mean" -## profits nothing ## +# it is of no value -"does no one any good" or "useless" +"this does not benefit anyone" -## ruining ## +# to present yourself to God as one approved, a worker who has no reason to be ashamed -The image is of the destruction of a building. Those who hear the quarreling stop respecting the Christian message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"to present yourself to God as a person who has proven to be worthy and with no cause for shame" -## those who listen ## +# a worker -"those who hear." +Paul presents the idea of Timothy correctly explaining God's word as if he were a skilled workman. AT: "like a workman" or "like a worker" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## present yourself approved to God ## +# accurately teaches the word of truth -"present yourself to God as a person that he has proven to be worthy" - -## as a workman ## - -"like a workman" or "like a worker" - -## handling correctly ## - -"correctly explaining" \ No newline at end of file +Here "word" means a message. AT: "explaining the true message correctly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/16.md b/2ti/02/16.md index 5f157a19d2..24545bdf30 100644 --- a/2ti/02/16.md +++ b/2ti/02/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Their word will spread like gangrene ## +# which leads to more and more godlessness -"What they say will spread like an infectious disease." Just as gangrene quickly spreads in a person's body and destroys it, what those people were saying would spread from person to person and harm the faith of those who heard it. AT: "Their word will spread quickly and cause destruction like gangrene" or "People will quickly hear what they say and be harmed by it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Paul speaks of this kind of talk as if it were something that could physically move to another location, and he speaks of godlessness as if it were that new location. AT: "which causes people to become more and more ungodly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## gangrene ## +# Their talk will spread like cancer -dead, rotting flesh. The only way to keep gangrene from spreading and killing the ill person is to cut off the affected area. +Cancer quickly spreads in a person's body and destroys it. This is a metaphor that means what those people were saying would spread from person to person and harm the faith of those who heard it. AT: "What they say will spread like an infectious disease" or "Their talk will spread quickly and cause destruction like cancer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## wandered from the truth ## +# Hymenaeus and Philetus -This can mean 1) "have made errors about the truth" or "are in error about the truth," like an arrow missing its target, or 2) "have stopped believing in the truth." +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the resurrection has already happened ## +# who have gone astray from the truth + +Paul speaks of truth as if it were a target to aim at. Paul means that these men have not understood the truth and are teaching something false. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the resurrection has already happened "God has already raised dead believers to eternal life" -## upsetting the faith of some ## +# they destroy the faith of some -"making some believers doubt" or "convincing some believers to stop believing" \ No newline at end of file +"they cause some people to stop believing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/19.md b/2ti/02/19.md index 5da7227377..ab8676a56e 100644 --- a/2ti/02/19.md +++ b/2ti/02/19.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## who names the name of the Lord ## +# General Information: -"who says he is a believer in Christ" +Just as precious and common containers can be used for honorable ways in a wealthy house, any person who turns to God can be used by God in honorable ways in doing good works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## foundation of God ## +# the firm foundation of God stands -Possible meanings: 1) "the church God has built from the beginning"; 2) "the truth about God" (UDB); 3) "God's faithfulness." +Possible meanings are 1) "God's truth is like a firm foundation" or 2) "God has established his people like a building on a firm foundation" or 3) "God's faithfulness is like a firm foundation." In any case, Paul speaks of this idea as if it were a building's foundation laid in the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## depart from unrighteousness ## +# who names the name of the Lord -Possible meanings: 1) "stop being evil"; 2) "stop doing wrong things" +"who calls on the name of the Lord." Here "name of the Lord" refers to the Lord himself. AT: "who calls on the Lord" or "who says he is a believer in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## vessels ## +# depart from unrighteousness -This is a general word for things like bowls, plates, and pots that people put things into or on. If your language does not have a general word, use the word for //bowl// or //pot//. It is a metaphor for people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of unrighteousness as if it were a place from which one could leave. AT: "stop being evil" or "stop doing wrong things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## honorable … dishonorable ## +# containers of gold and silver ... containers of wood and clay -Possible meanings: 1) "special occasions … ordinary times" (UDB); 2) "the kinds of activities good people do in public … the kinds of activities good people do in private" +Here "containers" is a general word for bowls, plates, and pots, which people put food or drink into or on. If your language does not have a general word, use the word for "bowls" or "pots." Paul is using this as a metaphor to describe different types of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## cleans himself from dishonorable use ## +# honorable use ... dishonorable -Possible meanings: 1) "separates himself from dishonorable people"; 2) "makes himself pure" +Possible meanings are 1) "special occasions ... ordinary times" or 2) "the kinds of activities people do in public ... the kinds of activities people do in private." -## honorable vessel ## +# cleans himself from dishonorable use -"useful for special occasions" or "useful for activities good people do in public" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "separates himself from dishonorable people" or 2) "makes himself pure." In any case, Paul speaks of this process as if it were a person washing himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he is an honorable container + +Paul speaks about this person as if he were an honorable container. AT: "he is like the container that is useful for special occasions" or "he is like the container that is useful for activities good people do in public" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He is set apart, useful to the Master, and prepared for every good work + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Master sets him apart, and he is ready for the Master to use him for every good work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He is set apart + +He is not set apart physically or in the sense of location, but instead to fulfill a purpose. Some versions translate this "sanctified," but the text signals the essential idea of being set apart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/22.md b/2ti/02/22.md index 4e42a47e0a..8cc9a0f8a7 100644 --- a/2ti/02/22.md +++ b/2ti/02/22.md @@ -1,39 +1,31 @@ -## Flee … pursue ## +# Flee youthful lusts -These metaphors share the idea of running as fast as you can. To flee is to run from something that will harm you; to pursue is to run toward something that will do you good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]].) +Paul speaks about youthful lusts as if they are a dangerous person or animal that Timothy should run away from. AT: "Completely avoid youthful lusts" or "Absolutely refuse to do the wrong things that young people strongly desire to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Flee youthful lusts ## +# Pursue righteousness -“run away from lusts that tempt younger people” the way a person flees an attacking animal or murderer. If your language cannot make lusts a noun, AT: “absolutely refuse to do the things that young men strongly desire to do” or “do everything you can to stay away from doing ….” +Here "Pursue" means the opposite of "Flee." Paul speaks of righteousness as if it is an object that Timothy should run towards because it will do him good. AT: "Try your best to obtain righteousness" or "Seek after righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## pursue righteousness, faith, love, peace ## +# with those -“chase after righteousness, faith, love, peace.” If your language cannot make righteousness, faith, love, peace nouns, AT: “do everything you can to do what is right, ….” +Possible meanings are 1) Paul wants Timothy to join with other believers in pursuing righteousness, faith, love, and peace, or 2) Paul wants Timothy to be at peace and not argue with other believers. -## faith ## +# those who call on the Lord -Possible meanings: 1) see [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]; 2) see [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]. +Here "call on the Lord" is an idiom that means to trust and worship the Lord. AT: "those who worship the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## with ## +# out of a clean heart -Possible meanings: 1) "in the company of," meaning "join with other Christians in pursuing righteousness, …"; 2) "as you relate with," meaning "do everything you can to … be at peace with other Christians." +Paul speaks of someone's reason for calling on God as if it were in physical motion, emerging from his heart. AT: "with sincere motives" or "for good reasons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## them who call on the Lord ## +# a clean heart -"Christians" or "those who call themselves the Lord's people" +Paul speaks of good reasons for doing something as if they came from a heart that was physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## out of a pure heart ## +# refuse foolish and ignorant questions -"with sincere motives" or "for reasons that are good" +"refuse to answer foolish and ignorant questions." Paul means that the people who ask such questions are foolish and ignorant. AT: "refuse to answer the questions that foolish people who do not want to know the truth ask" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## refuse foolish and ignorant questions ## +# they give birth to arguments -"refuse to answer foolish questions and ignorant questions" - -## foolish … questions ## - -"questions asked by people with no respect for God" - -## ignorant questions ## - -"questions asked by people who do not want to know the truth" \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of ignorant questions as if they were women giving birth to children. AT: "they cause arguments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/24.md b/2ti/02/24.md index faca619779..49aba94fc8 100644 --- a/2ti/02/24.md +++ b/2ti/02/24.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## in meekness ## +# in meekness "meekly" or "gently" -## educating ## +# educate those -"instructing" or "teaching" or "correcting" +"teach those" or "correct those" -## give them repentance ## +# God may perhaps give them repentance -"help them to turn from their sin" +Paul speaks of repentance as if it were an object that God could give people. AT: "God may give them the opportunity to repent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for the knowledge of the truth ## +# for the knowledge of the truth "so that they will know the truth" -## they may regain their senses ## +# They may become sober again -"they may no longer think wrong thoughts" or "they may start listening to God again" +Paul speaks of sinners learning to think correctly about God as if they were drunk people becoming sober again. AT: "They may think correctly again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the trap of the devil ## +# leave the devil's trap -is a metaphor for people who think they are following God when they are really following the devil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of the devil's ability to convince Christians to sin as if it were a trap. AT: "stop doing what the devil wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## having been captured by him for his will ## +# after they have been captured by him for his will -"the devil has captured them and now makes them do whatever he wants them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Convincing Christians to sin is spoken of as if the devil had physically captured them and made them his slaves. This can be stated in active form. AT: "after he has deceived them into obeying his will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/02/intro.md b/2ti/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c3942536be --- /dev/null +++ b/2ti/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# 2 Timothy 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The ULB has chosen to indent the lines of 2:11-13 to set it apart from the rest of the text as the "trustworthy saying." It is not necessary for translators to do this in their own versions, but they may find it helpful to do so. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### We will reign with him ##### +The faithful Christians are said to reign with Christ in the future. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Analogies ##### +Paul draws on several analogies in this chapter to present his teaching about living as a Christian. First he uses the analogy of a soldier, then an athlete, and then that of a farmer. A little further on in the chapter, he also uses the analogy of different kinds of containers in a house, some for ordinary, everyday use, and others reserved for use on special occasions. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Timothy 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/03/01.md b/2ti/03/01.md index 8dd7175ca6..156973f2de 100644 --- a/2ti/03/01.md +++ b/2ti/03/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## dangerous times ## +# Connecting Statement: -These will be days, months, or even years when Christians will be in danger from the people Paul describes in verses 2-4. +Paul lets Timothy know that in the future people will stop believing the truth, but he should continuing trusting God's word even when he is persecuted. -## without natural affection ## +# In the last days + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a time later than Paul's time. AT: "in the future just before Jesus returns" or 2) this refers to the Christian age, including Paul's time. AT: "during this period of time before the end" + +# difficult times + +These will be days, months, or even years when Christians will endure suffering and danger. + +# lovers of themselves + +Here "lovers" refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member, a natural human love between friends or relatives. This is not the kind of love that comes from God. AT: "self-centered" + +# boastful + +talking about oneself in a proud way + +# without natural affection "not loving their own families" -## implacable ## +# unable to reconcile -" not agreeing with anyone" or "not living in peace with anyone" +"not agreeing with anyone" or "not living in peace with anyone" -## slanderers ## +# slanderers "false accusers" -## violent ## +# not lovers of good -"fierce" or "savage" or “they will often do things to hurt other people” +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "haters of good" -## not lovers of good ## +# reckless -"haters of good" +"impulsive" or "foolhardy." This describes people who do things without thinking about the consequences or even though they know that bad things could happen as a result. -## headstrong ## +# conceited -"reckless" - -## conceited ## - -"they will think that they are better people than they are" \ No newline at end of file +"the type of people who think they are better than others" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/03/05.md b/2ti/03/05.md index 4dbf7fc5fc..2d350a6152 100644 --- a/2ti/03/05.md +++ b/2ti/03/05.md @@ -1,39 +1,27 @@ -## have a form of godliness ## +# They will have a shape of godliness, but they will deny its power -"appear religious" or "appear righteous" or "appear good" +Paul speaks of godliness, the habit of honoring God, as if it were a physical object that had a shape and had physical power. AT: "They will appear to honor God, but they way they act will show that they do not really believe in God's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they will deny the power of it ## +# have a shape of godliness -Possible meanings are 1) "they will refuse to accept the power that God truly wants to give them" (UDB) or 2) “their lives will show no evidence of the godliness they say they have.” +"appear to have godliness" or "appear to honor God" -## Turn away from ## +# Turn away from these people -"Avoid" +Paul may be speaking of physically turning away from these people, but he wants his readers to do whatever they can to avoid them in general. AT: "Avoid these people" -## who enter into ## +# enter into households and captivate -"who sneak into" +"enter into houses and greatly influence" -## households ## +# foolish women -Possible meanings are 1) "families" or "the family living in the house" or 2) physical "houses" (UDB). +"women who are spiritually weak." These women may be spiritually be weak because they fail to work at becoming godly or because they are idle and have many sins. -## captivate ## +# who are heaped up with sins -"have power to influence" +Paul speaks of the attraction of sin as if sin were heaped up on the backs of these women. Possible meanings are 1) "who sin often" or 2) "who feel terrible guilt because they continue to sin." The idea is that these men can easily influence these women because the women are unable to stop sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## foolish women ## +# are led away by various desires -"women who are spiritually weak." This can be because they fail to work at becoming godly or because they are idle or because they "are overwhelmed with sins." - -## who are overwhelmed with sins ## - -Possible meanings are 1) "who are overcome by an abundance of sins" or 2) "who sin often." The idea is that they are unable to keep from sinning. - -## who … are led away by various desires ## - -AT: "These women desire many other things so much that they stop obeying Christ" or "These women stop obeying Christ and instead go after the many other things they desire." - -## knowledge ## - -This word means what you know about a person when you watch them carefully for a long time. \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks about these various desires as if they could lead another person away. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they desire to sin in various ways rather than obey Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/03/08.md b/2ti/03/08.md index 1204332da2..a8ec8b36dd 100644 --- a/2ti/03/08.md +++ b/2ti/03/08.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## Jannes and Jambres ## +# Connecting Statement: -These two names are found only here in the Bible. One tradition names them as the Egyptian magicians who opposed Moses in Exodus 7-8. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]].) +Paul gives an example of two false teachers from the time of Moses and applies it to the way people will be. Paul encourages Timothy to follow his own example and stay in God's word. -## stood against ## +# Jannes and Jambres -"opposed" +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## so ## +# stood against -"in the same way" +Paul speaks of those who argue against someone as if they were standing against them. AT: "opposed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the truth ## +# stand against the truth -"the gospel of Jesus" +"oppose the gospel of Jesus" -## They are corrupted in mind ## +# They are men corrupt in mind -"They are no longer able to think rightly" +"Their minds are corrupt" or "They cannot think rightly" -## unauthenticated concerning the faith ## +# and with regard to the faith they are proven to be false -Someone has shown that what the false teachers teach about believing in Jesus is false, so the teachers "have no value" or "are worthless" or "are disqualified." +They have been tested in how well they trust in Christ and obey him, and they have failed the test. AT: "and without sincere faith" or "and they have shown that their faith is not genuine" -## advance ## +# they will not advance very far -“go forward”​ +Paul uses an expression about physical movement to mean that the false teachers will not have much success among the believers. AT: "they will not have much success" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## foolishness ## +# foolishness -“lack of understanding" or "folly”​ +"lack of understanding" or "folly" -## obvious ## +# obvious -“easily seen” or “easily recognized” \ No newline at end of file +"easily known" + +# of those men + +"of Jannes and Jambres" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/03/10.md b/2ti/03/10.md index 2108ee97d5..c0bf326312 100644 --- a/2ti/03/10.md +++ b/2ti/03/10.md @@ -1,35 +1,43 @@ -## But you have followed ## +# you have followed my teaching -"but you carefully watched" +Paul speaks of giving close attention to these things as if one were physically following them as they moved. AT: "you have observed my teaching" or "you have payed close attention to my teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## teaching ## +# teaching -“instruction” +"instruction" -## conduct ## +# conduct -“way of life” +"way of life" -## purpose ## +# longsuffering -“resolve” or “determination” +"patience with people" -## longsuffering ## +# patience -“patience with people” +"endurance in difficult situations" -## patience ## +# Out of them all, the Lord rescued me -"I keep on serving God even when it is very hard to do so" (UDB) or “I keep the right attitude in difficult circumstances” +Paul speaks of God having stopped him from suffering these hardships and dangers as if God had carried him out of a physical location. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## rescued ## +# to live in a godly manner in Christ Jesus -“saved" +"to live godly lives as followers of Jesus" -## want ## +# will be persecuted -“desire” +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will certainly have to endure persecution" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## impostors ## +# impostors -“people who deceive others about themselves” or “people who pretend to be different than they really are” \ No newline at end of file +"deceivers" or "people who pretend to be different than they really are" + +# will go from bad to worse + +"will become even more evil" + +# leading others and themselves astray + +Here going "astray" represents being deceived. AT: "deceiving themselves and others" or "believing lies and teaching lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/03/14.md b/2ti/03/14.md index 9d5cc44ab9..cb8f4eb848 100644 --- a/2ti/03/14.md +++ b/2ti/03/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## continue in what you have learned ## +# remain in the things that you have learned -Possible meanings are 1) "keep on doing the things that you have learned to do" (UDB) or 2) "do not forget what you learned." In both cases, the idea is to remain unmoved. +Paul speaks of biblical instruction as if it were a place that Timothy could stay in. AT: "do not forget what you learned" or "continue doing what you have learned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## which are able to make you wise ## +# the sacred writings. These are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus -“they give you the wisdom you need" - -## to salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus ## - -“so that God will use your faith in Christ Jesus to save you.” - -## salvation ## - -Possible meanings are 1) "God will give you eternal life" or 2) "God will save you from foolishness in this life." \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of the sacred writings as if they were a person who could make someone else wise. AT: "that when you read the word of God, you can become wise so as to receive salvation from Christ Jesus by faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/03/16.md b/2ti/03/16.md index 7f7badc674..f3e34084ba 100644 --- a/2ti/03/16.md +++ b/2ti/03/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## All Scripture has been inspired by God ## +# All scripture has been inspired by God -“God has spoken all the Scriptures by his Spirit, and it is profitable” (see UDB) or “all Scripture is God-breathed," produced by the Spirit of God. God told people what to write. +Some Bibles translate this as "All scripture is God-breathed." This means God produced the scripture through his Spirit by telling people what to write. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has spoken all scripture by his Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## profitable ## +# It is profitable -“useful,” “beneficial” +"It is useful" or "It is beneficial" -## conviction ## +# for conviction -“pointing out error” +"for pointing out errors" -## correction ## +# for correction -“fixing errors” +"for fixing errors" -## training ## +# for training in righteousness -“discipling” or “bringing up” +"for training people to be righteous" -## competent ## +# the man of God -"complete" \ No newline at end of file +This means any believer in God whether male or female. AT: "all believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# may be competent, equipped + +"may be completely prepared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/03/intro.md b/2ti/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c6d21844b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ti/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# 2 Timothy 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The passage in [2 Timothy 3:1-9](./01.md) describes a prophecy concerning the last days. Verse [2 Timothy 3:13](./10.md) should also be included in this prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Timothy 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/01.md b/2ti/04/01.md index 1e9bf4201e..589f9c7cfe 100644 --- a/2ti/04/01.md +++ b/2ti/04/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## In the sight of God and of Christ Jesus ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Where God and Christ Jesus can see us" or "In the presence of God and of Christ Jesus" or "Where God and Christ Jesus can be witnesses and can judge" +Paul continues to remind Timothy to be faithful and that he, Paul, is ready to die. -## who is about to judge ## +# this solemn command before God and Christ Jesus -"who will come soon to judge" +"this solemn command in the presence of God and Christ Jesus." It is implied that God and Jesus will be Paul's witnesses. AT: "this solemn command having as my witnesses God and Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## solemnly ## +# solemn command -"strongly" or "seriously" or "meaning every word" +"serious command" -## when it is not ## +# the living and the dead -"those times when it is not convenient" +Here "the living" and "the dead" are used together to mean all people. AT: "all people who have ever lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## Reprove ## +# the dead, and because of his appearing and his kingdom -“Show to be guilty” or "Tell them what they have done wrong" +Here "kingdom" stands for Christ's rule as king. AT: "the dead when he returns to rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## rebuke ## +# the Word -“seriously warn” +"the message about Christ" -## patience ## +# when it is not -“endurance” +Here the word "convenient" is understood. AT: "when it is not convenient" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## with all patience and teaching ## +# Reprove -Possible meanings are 1) this is how Timothy should exhort people or 2) this is how Timothy should do everything in verse 2 or 3) this is how Timothy should do everything in the final sentence +"Tell people when they are guilty" or "Tell people what they have done wrong" -## with all patience ## +# exhort, with all patience and teaching -"with great patience" or "by being very patient" \ No newline at end of file +"exhort, and teach the people, and always be patient with them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/03.md b/2ti/04/03.md index a47049456a..7b3cbe5c6e 100644 --- a/2ti/04/03.md +++ b/2ti/04/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## For the time will come when ## +# For the time will come when "Because at some time in the future" -## people ## +# people -The context indicates that these are people in the church (see UDB). +The context indicates that these will be people who are a part of the community of believers. -## the sound teaching ## +# will not endure sound teaching -the teaching that the whole church considered true and correct +"will no longer want to listen to sound teaching" -## surround themselves with teachers who teach what agrees with their own lusts. In this way they will have their ears tickled. ## +# sound teaching -Possible meanings are 1) "because of their personal desires, they will gather teachers who will say what they want to hear" or 2) "they will gather teachers that agree with their personal desires so that those teachers who will say what they want to hear" or 3) "follow their desires; they will gather teachers who will say what they want to hear." +This means the teaching that is true and correct, according to God's word. -## their own lusts ## +# they will heap up for themselves teachers according to their own desires -"their personal desires" +Paul speaks of people obtaining many teachers as if it were putting them into a heap or pile. AT: "they will listen to many teachers who assure them that there is nothing wrong with their sinful desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they will have their ears tickled ## +# who say what their itching ears want to hear -"they will find teachers to tickle their ears." "Tickle their ears" is a metaphor for telling them things that they will enjoy hearing, things that will make them feel happy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of people strongly wanting to hear something as if their ears itched and could only be satisfied if teachers taught them what they wanted to hear. AT: "who say only what they want so much to hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the work of an evangelist ## +# They will turn their hearing away from the truth -telling people about who Jesus is, what he did for them, and how they are to live for him \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks about people no longer paying attention as if they were physically turning away so they cannot hear. AT: "They will no longer pay attention to the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will turn aside to myths + +Paul speaks of people who begin paying attention to myths as if they were physically turning toward them. AT: "they will pay attention to teachings that are not true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be sober-minded + +Paul wants his readers to think correctly about everything, and he speaks about them as if he wanted them to be sober, that is, not drunk with wine. AT: "think clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the work of an evangelist + +This means to tell people about who Jesus is, what he did for them, and how they are to live for him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/06.md b/2ti/04/06.md index ee21ed0875..3148dfbfcc 100644 --- a/2ti/04/06.md +++ b/2ti/04/06.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## For ## +# I am already being poured out -This tells why Paul gives the command in verse 5. AT: "because" or "since." +Paul speaks of his readiness to die as if he were a cup of wine ready to be poured out as a sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The time of my departure has come ## +# The time of my departure has come -"soon I will die and leave this world" (UDB). Paul realizes that he will not live much longer. +Here "departure" is a polite way of referring to death. AT: "Soon I will die and leave this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## I have competed in the good contest ## +# I have competed in the good contest -This is a sports metaphor of fighting, wrestling, or boxing. Paul has done his best. This can also be translated as "I have done my best" or "I gave my best." +Paul speaks of his hard work as if he had been an athlete competing for a prize. AT: "I have done my best" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I have finished the race ## +# I have finished the race -This metaphor pictures finishing life as reaching the finish line of a footrace. AT: "I have completed what I need to do." +Paul speaks of his life of service to God as if he had been running a race on foot. AT: "I have completed what I needed to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I have kept the faith ## +# I have kept the faith -Possible meanings are 1) "I have kept the teachings about what we believe from any error" or 2) "I have been faithful in doing my ministry" (see UDB). +Paul speaks of his trust in Christ and his obedience to God as if they were a valuable object that he kept in his possession. Possible meanings are 1) "I have been faithful in doing my ministry" or 2) "I have kept the teachings about what we believe from any error" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The crown of righteousness has been reserved for me ## +# The crown of righteousness has been reserved for me -AT: "the crown of righteousness will be given to me." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has reserved the crown of righteousness for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## crown of righteousness ## +# crown of righteousness -Possible meanings are 1) the crown is the prize that God gives to people who have lived the right way (see UDB) or 2) the crown is a metaphor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) for righteousness; just as the judge of a race gives a crown to the winner, when Paul finishes his life, God will declare that Paul is righteous. +Possible meanings are 1) the crown is the prize that God gives to people who have lived the right way or 2) the crown is a metaphor for righteousness. Just as the judge of a race gives a crown to the winner, when Paul finishes his life, God will declare that Paul is righteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## crown ## +# crown -a wreath made of laurel leaves that was given to winners of athletic contests +a wreath made of laurel tree leaves that was given to winners of athletic contests -## on that day ## +# on that day -"on the day when the Lord comes again" or "on the day when God judges people" \ No newline at end of file +"on the day when the Lord comes again" or "on the day when God judges people" + +# but also to all those who have loved his appearing + +Paul speaks about this event as if it has already happened. It can be stated as a future event. AT: "but also he will give it to those who are eagerly waiting for him to return" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/09.md b/2ti/04/09.md index 2bbc3bf1ba..d6fb6738a7 100644 --- a/2ti/04/09.md +++ b/2ti/04/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## quickly ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "as soon as possible." +Paul talks of specific people and how they behaved, of God's work for and to him, and then closes with greetings to and from certain people. -## for ## +# quickly -because +"as soon as possible" -## He loves ## +# Demas ... Crescens ... Titus -"because Demas loves" +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## this present world ## +# this present world -Possible meanings are 1) the temporary things of this world, "the pleasures and comfort of this world," or 2) this present life and safety from dying (Demas may have been afraid that people would kill him if he stayed with Paul.) +Here "world" refers to worldly things as opposed to the things of God. Possible meanings are 1) he loves the temporary comforts of this world or 2) he is afraid he will die if he remains with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## so has gone ## +# Crescens went ... and Titus went -"so Demas has gone" +These two men had left Paul, but Paul is not saying that they also "love this present world" like Demas. -## Crescens went … and Titus went … ## +# Dalmatia -These two men had left Paul, but Paul is not saying that they also "love this present world" like Demas. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a land region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/11.md b/2ti/04/11.md index f549f1234d..41ddb02622 100644 --- a/2ti/04/11.md +++ b/2ti/04/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## he is useful to me in the work ## +# he is useful to me in the work -Possible meanings are 1) "he can help me in the ministry" or 2) "he can help me by serving me" +Possible meanings are 1) "he can help me in the ministry" or 2) "he can help me by serving me." -## it ## +# cloak -Refers to the cloak Paul had left at Troas \ No newline at end of file +a heavy garment worn over clothes + +# Carpus + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the books + +This refers to scrolls. A scroll was a type of book made of one long sheet of papyrus or leather. After writing on a scroll or reading it, people rolled it up using rods on the ends + +# especially the parchments + +This may refer to a specific type of scroll. AT: "especially those made from animal skins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/14.md b/2ti/04/14.md index fc7d9668c7..2aa342463e 100644 --- a/2ti/04/14.md +++ b/2ti/04/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## displayed much ill-will toward me ## +# Alexander the coppersmith displayed -will toward me **- "did evil things against me" or "did harmful things to me" +"Alexander, who works with metal, displayed" -## You also should watch him ## +# Alexander -"Beware of him yourself too" or "Be very careful of him yourself" or "You must protect yourself from him" +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## him … his … him … he ## +# displayed many evil deeds against me -All refer to Alexander. +Paul speaks of doing evil deeds as if they were put on display. AT: "did many evil things to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he greatly stood against our words ## +# The Lord will repay him according to his deeds -"he acted with great effort to oppose our message" or "he strongly contradicted our words" +Paul speaks of punishment as if it were payment. AT: "The Lord will punish him for what he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## no one stood with me, but everyone left me ## +# him ... his ... him ... he -"no one stayed with me and helped me. Instead, everyone left me" +These all refer to Alexander. -## May it not be counted against them ## +# opposed our words -"I do not want God to punish those believers for leaving me" \ No newline at end of file +Here "words" refers to a message or teaching. AT: "opposed the message that we teach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# At my first defense + +"When I first appeared in court and explained my actions" + +# no one stood with me + +"no one stayed with me and helped me" + +# May it not be counted against them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May God not count it against them" or "I pray that God does not punish those believers for leaving me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/17.md b/2ti/04/17.md index 4d8c910204..71e774ad41 100644 --- a/2ti/04/17.md +++ b/2ti/04/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## stood by me ## +# the Lord stood by me -"stood by me to help me" +Paul is speaking as if the Lord had physically stood with him. AT: "the Lord helped me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the proclamation might be fully accomplished, and that all the Gentiles might hear ## +# so that, through me, the message might be fully proclaimed -Possible meanings are 1) this had already happened (see UDB) or 2) this was still future to Paul, "so that I will be able to speak his word fully and so that all the Gentiles will hear it." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that I was able to speak all of the Lord's message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I was rescued out of the lion's mouth ## +# I was rescued out of the lion's mouth -This danger could have been physical, spiritual or both. AT: "I was rescued from great danger." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul is speaking about danger as if he had been threatened by a lion. This danger could have been physical, spiritual, or both. AT: "I was rescued from great danger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/19.md b/2ti/04/19.md index 871d6b7793..6d43942414 100644 --- a/2ti/04/19.md +++ b/2ti/04/19.md @@ -1,27 +1,47 @@ -## Greet ## +# house of Onesiphorus -"Say hello to ... for me" or "Tell ... that I am thinking of them" +Here "house" stands for the people who live there. AT: "family of Onesiphorus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## house of Onesiphorus ## +# Onesiphorus -"family of Onesiphorus" +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [2 Timothy 1:16](../01/15.md). -## Do your best to come ## +# Erastus ... Trophimus ... Eubulus ... Pudens, Linus -AT: "Make a way to come." +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## also Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the brothers ## +# Miletus -"Pudens, Linus, Claudia and all the brothers also greet you" +This is the name of a city to the south of Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## all the brothers ## +# Do your best to come -"all the believers here," male and female +"Make a way to come" -## May the Lord be with your spirit ## +# before winter -"I am asking God to make your spirit strong" +"before the cold season" -## May grace be with you ## +# greets you, also Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the brothers -"I am asking the Lord to show his kindness to all of you there" or "I am asking the Lord to show favor to all of you there" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "greets you. Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the brothers also greet you" + +# Claudia + +This is a female name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all the brothers + +Here "brothers" means all believers whether male or female. AT: "all the believers here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# May the Lord be with your spirit + +"I pray that the Lord makes your spirit strong." Here "you" is singular and refers to Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# May grace be with you + +"I pray that the Lord shows his grace to all of you there." Here "you" is plural and refers to all the believers there with Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# grace + +"his kindness" or "his favor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/04/intro.md b/2ti/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8257d000d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ti/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 2 Timothy 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### "I solemnly command you" ##### +Paul begins to give personal instructions to Timothy. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Crown ##### +In Scripture, there are several different types of crowns used as images for different things. It appears the crown in this chapter is achieved or awarded at the end of a person's life. + +## Links: ## + +* __[2 Timothy 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/front/intro.md b/2ti/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7f155e1cd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/2ti/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +# Introduction to 2 Timothy # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 2 Timothy #### + +1. Paul greets Timothy and encourages him to endure hardship as he serves God (1:1-2:13). +1. Paul gives general instructions to Timothy (2:14–26). +1. Paul warns Timothy about future events and instructs him about how to carry out his service to God (3:1-4:8). +1. Paul makes personal remarks (4:9-24). + +#### What is the Book of 2 Timothy about? #### + +Paul, an older servant of God, gives his younger colleague, Timothy, various instructions in this letter. The topics he addresses include warnings about false teachers and about difficulties ahead. During the time that 2 Timothy was written, Paul was probably in jail, so he wished to encourage Timothy to endure hardship. This letter also shows how Paul was training Timothy to be a leader among the churches. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "2 Timothy" or "Second Timothy." They may instead prefer to choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Second Letter to Timothy" or "The Second Letter to Timothy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the soldier imagery in 2 Timothy? #### +As Paul awaits his imminent death, he often speaks of himself as a soldier of Jesus Christ. Soldiers are answerable to their leader, so in the same way, Christians are ultimately responsible for answering to Jesus. As "soldiers" of Christ, believers are to obey his commands, even if they should die as a result. + +#### What does it mean that God inspired Scripture? #### + +The teaching of this book helps the reader to understand that while each writer of Scripture has a distinct way of writing, God is the true author of Scripture. This is why it is also referred to as God's word. This doctrine has various implications. One implication is that the Bible is trustworthy and free from error. Another implication is that we can rely on God to preserve his word in this world, no matter how many of his enemies try to stamp it out. A third implication is that God's word should be translated into all the world's languages. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Singular and plural "you" #### +In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. Here the word "you" is almost always singular and refers to Timothy. The exception to this is 4:22. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +Paul means to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major textual issues in the text of the Book of 2 Timothy? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of Romans: + +* "Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher" (1:11). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. There are some older versions, however, that read, "Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher to the Gentiles." +* "Warn them before God" (2:14). The ULB, UDB, and many modern versions have this reading. There are some versions that read, "Warn them before the Lord." Translators should consider using the same reading as in the other versions in their region. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3jn/01/01.md b/3jn/01/01.md index 1df1ed0537..21af48d4c9 100644 --- a/3jn/01/01.md +++ b/3jn/01/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## The elder ## +# General Information: + +This is a personal letter from John to Gaius. All instances of "you" and "your" refer to Gaius and are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# The elder This refers to John, the apostle and disciple of Jesus. He refers to himself as "elder" either because of his old age or because he is a leader in the church. The name of the author can be made explicit: "I, John the elder, am writing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Gaius ## +# Gaius This is a fellow believer to whom John is writing this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## whom I love in truth ## +# whom I love in truth -Alternate translation: “whom I truly love" (UDB) +"whom I truly love" -## you may prosper in all things and be in health ## +# you may prosper in all things and be in health "you may do well in all things and be healthy" -## just as your soul prospers ## +# just as your soul prospers "just as you are doing well spiritually" -## brothers ## +# brothers "fellow believers" -## bore witness to your truth, just as you walk in truth ## +# you walk in truth -"told me that you are living according to God's truth" or " +Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. AT: "you are living your life according to God's truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my children ## +# my children -John compares those he taught to believe in Jesus to children. This emphasizes his love and concern for them. Alternate translation: "my spiritual children." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +John speaks of those he taught to believe in Jesus as though they were his children. This emphasizes his love and concern for them. It could also be that he himself led them to the Lord. AT: "my spiritual children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3jn/01/05.md b/3jn/01/05.md index 2739e358d7..4f720bddd2 100644 --- a/3jn/01/05.md +++ b/3jn/01/05.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## you practice faithfulness ## +# Connecting Statement: + +John's purpose in writing this letter is to compliment Gaius in the way he took care of traveling Bible teachers; then he talks about two people, one evil and one good. + +# General Information: + +Here the word "we" refers to John and those with him, and possibly includes all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Beloved + +Here this is used as a term of endearment for fellow believers. + +# you practice faithfulness "you are doing what is faithful to God" or "you are being loyal to God" -## work for the brothers and for strangers ## +# work for the brothers and for strangers "help fellow believers and those you do not know" -## who have borne witness of your love before the church ## +# strangers who have borne witness of your love in the presence of the church -This could be translated as a new sentence: "They have told the believers in the church about how you have loved them." +"strangers who have told the believers in the church about how you have loved them" -## You will do well to send them forward on their journey worthy of God ## +# You do well to send them -"Please, send them on their journey in a way that honors God" +John is thanking Gaius for his normal practice of helping these believers. -## because for the sake of the Name they went out ## +# because it was for the sake of the name that they went out -Here "name" refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: "for they have gone out to tell people about Jesus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "the name" refers to Jesus. AT: "for they have gone out to tell people about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## taking nothing from the Gentiles ## +# taking nothing -Here "Gentile" does not mean a person who is not a Jew. It means a person who does not believe in Jesus. Alternate translation: "and they take nothing from those they are telling about Jesus" +receiving no gifts or help -## We therefore ## +# the Gentiles -Here "we" refers to John and includes all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here "Gentiles" does not just mean people who are not Jewish. It implies people who do not trust in Jesus. -## we may be fellow workers for the truth ## +# so that we will be fellow workers for the truth -"we may help them in their work to tell people God's truth" \ No newline at end of file +"so that we will cooperate with them in announcing God's truth to people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3jn/01/09.md b/3jn/01/09.md index df0a50dc59..658807530f 100644 --- a/3jn/01/09.md +++ b/3jn/01/09.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## congregation ## +# General Information: + +The word "us" refers to John and those with him and does not include Gaius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# congregation This refers to Gaius and the group of believers who met together to worship God. -## Diotrephes ## +# Diotrephes He was a member of the congregation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## who loves to be first among them ## +# who loves to be first among them -"who loves to act like their leader" +"who loves to be the most important one among them" or "who loves to act as though he's their leader" -## does not receive us ## - -The word "us" refers to John and those with him. It does not include Gaius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) - -## how he says ridiculous things against us with evil words ## +# how he says ridiculous things against us with evil words "and how he says evil things about us that certainly are not true" -## he himself ## +# he himself The word "himself" emphasizes that it is Diotrephes who does these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## does not receive the brothers ## +# does not receive the brothers "does not welcome the fellow believers" -## and forbids those who desire to ## +# forbids those who desire to do so -There are some words in this phrase that are left out, but they are understood. Alternate translation: "and he stops those who want to welcome the believers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +"stops those who want to welcome the believers" -## and drives them out ## +# drives them out of the congregation -"and he forces them out." The word "them" refers to those who want to welcome the fellow believers. \ No newline at end of file +"he forces them to leave the congregation" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3jn/01/11.md b/3jn/01/11.md index 1bb214ee01..14f428bfc3 100644 --- a/3jn/01/11.md +++ b/3jn/01/11.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## do not imitate evil ## +# General Information: + +Here "we" refers to John and those with him and does not include Gaius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Beloved + +Here this is used as a term of endearment for fellow believers. See how you translated this in [3 John 1:5](./05.md). + +# do not imitate what is evil "do not copy the evil things that people do" -## but good ## +# but what is good -There are words left out but they are understood. Alternate translation: "but imitate the good things that people do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +There are words left out but they are understood. AT: "but imitate the good things that people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## is of God ## +# is of God "belongs to God" -## has not seen God ## +# has not seen God -Alternate translation: "does not belong to God" or "does not believe in God" +"does not belong to God" or "does not believe in God" -## Demetrius is born witness to by all ## +# Demetrius is borne witness to by all -Alternate translation: "Every believer that knows Demetrius speaks well of him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "All who know Demetrius bear witness of him" or "Every believer who knows Demetrius speaks well of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Demetrius ## +# Demetrius -This is a man that John want Gaius and the congregation to welcome when he comes to visit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is probably a man whom John wants Gaius and the congregation to welcome when he comes to visit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and by the truth itself ## +# by the truth itself -"and the truth itself speaks well of him." Here "truth" is described as a person speaking. Alternate translation: "and what they say about him is true." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])) +"the truth itself speaks well of him." Here "truth" is described as a person speaking. AT: "everyone who knows the truth knows he is a good person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## We also bear witness ## +# We also bear witness -Here "we" refers to John and those with him. It does not include Gaius. Alternate translation: "We also speak well of Demetrius." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) - -## you know ## - -The word "you" is singular and refers to Gaius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +What John is confirming is implied and can be made specific here. AT: "We also speak well of Demetrius" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3jn/01/13.md b/3jn/01/13.md index 40901f45fb..c675c16601 100644 --- a/3jn/01/13.md +++ b/3jn/01/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## with pen and ink ## +# General Information: -"in a letter" (UDB) +This is the end of John's letter to Gaius. He gives some final remarks and closes with a greeting. -## face to face ## +# I do not wish to write them to you with pen and ink + +John does not wish to write these other things at all. He is not saying that he would write them with something other than pen and ink. + +# face to face "together" or "in person" -## Peace be to you ## +# May peace be with you "May God give you peace" -## Greet the friends by name ## +# The friends greet you -Alternate translation: "Greet each of the believers there personally for me" +"The friends here greet you" -## The friends ## +# Greet our friends there by name -"Your friends." Alternate translation: "The believers here." \ No newline at end of file +"Greet each of the believers there for me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3jn/front/intro.md b/3jn/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1a7cafd204 --- /dev/null +++ b/3jn/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# Introduction to 3 John # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of 3 John #### + +1. Introduction (1:1) +1. Encouragement and Instructions to show hospitality (1:2-8) +1. Diotrephes and Demetrius (1:9-12) +1. Conclusion (1:13-14) + +#### What is the Book of 3 John about? #### + +John writes this letter to a believer named Gaius. He addresses Gaius as a friend and instructs him to be hospitable to Christian brothers who are traveling through his area. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "3 John" or "Third John." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The Third Letter from John" or "The Third Letter John Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of 3 John? #### + +The letter of 3 John was written by the Apostle John near the end of his life. John does not identify himself as the author, but instead calls himself "the elder" (1:1). + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is hospitality? #### + +Hospitality was an important concept in the ancient Near East. It was important to be friendly towards a foreigner or outsiders and provide help to them if they needed it. In 2 John, John discourages Christians from showing hospitality to false teachers who oppose the Christian faith. In 3 John, John encourages Christians to show hospitality to faithful teachers. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How does the author use family relationships? #### + +The author uses the terms "brother" and "Gentile" in a way that can be confusing. The Scriptures often use the term "brothers" to refer to Jews, but in this book the term is used to refer to Christians. Likewise, John calls as his "children" those whom he has trained to follow Christ. John also uses the term "Gentile" as a way to refer to those who have no faith in Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/LICENSE.md b/LICENSE.md index b3b78a38ab..0c5e239341 100644 --- a/LICENSE.md +++ b/LICENSE.md @@ -24,3 +24,7 @@ The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license term You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation. No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material. + +Use of trademarks: unfoldingWord is a trademark of Distant Shores Media and may not be included on any derivative works created from this content. Unaltered content from http://unfoldingword.org must include the **unfoldingWord** logo when distributed to others. But if you alter the content in any way, you must remove the **unfoldingWord** logo before distributing your work. + +Attribution of artwork: All images used in these stories are © Sweet Publishing ([www.sweetpublishing.com](http://www.sweetpublishing.com)) and are made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/01.md b/act/01/01.md index 4cf9b4d67f..cf0c790d36 100644 --- a/act/01/01.md +++ b/act/01/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## The former book I wrote ## +# The former book I wrote The former book is the Gospel of Luke. -## O Theophilus ## +# Theophilus -Luke wrote this book to a man named Theophilus. The word “O” is used because Luke was addressing him. Some translations follow their own culture's way of addressing a letter and write "Dear Theophilus" at the beginning of the sentence. Theophilus means "friend of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Luke wrote this book to a man named Theophilus. Some translations follow their own culture's way of addressing a letter and write "Dear Theophilus" at the beginning of the sentence. Theophilus means "friend of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## until the day that he was received up ## +# until the day that he was taken up -This refers to Jesus' ascension into heaven. +This refers to Jesus' ascension into heaven. AT: "until the day on which God took him up to heaven" or "until the day that he ascended into heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## command through the Holy Spirit ## +# commands through the Holy Spirit The Holy Spirit led Jesus to instruct his apostles on certain things. -## after his suffering ## +# After his suffering This refers to Jesus' suffering and death on the cross. -## appearing to many others ## +# he presented himself alive to them -Jesus appeared to many of his disciples beyond the original 12 apostles. \ No newline at end of file +Jesus appeared to his apostles and to many other disciples. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/04.md b/act/01/04.md index c7e3a06b67..cd130cb4ee 100644 --- a/act/01/04.md +++ b/act/01/04.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## When he… ## +# Connecting Statement: -"he" is referring to Jesus. +This event happened during the 40 days that Jesus appeared to his followers after he had risen from the dead. -## with them… ## +# General Information: -"them" is referring to the 11 apostles. +Here the word "he" refers to Jesus. Except where otherwise noted, the word "you" in the book of Acts is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## he commanded them not to leave Jerusalem ## +# When he was meeting together with them -"he ordered them to remain in Jerusalem". This can also be translated with a direct quote as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +"When Jesus was meeting together with his apostles" -## promise of the Father ## +# the promise of the Father -This is a reference to the Holy Spirit. +This is a reference to the Holy Spirit. AT: "the Holy Spirit, whom the Father promised to send" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## baptized with water…baptized in the Spirit ## +# about which, he said -Jesus contrasted John's baptism with water, to God's baptism which will be with the Holy Spirit. +If you translated the previous phrase to include the words "Holy Spirit," you can change the word "which" to "whom." AT: "about whom Jesus said" -## John baptized with water ## +# John indeed baptized with water ... baptized in the Holy Spirit -For languages that require an object with "baptize," this can be translated as "John baptized people with water" or "John baptized them with water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-verbs]]) +Jesus contrasts how John baptized people in water with how God would baptize believers in the Holy Spirit. -## you shall be baptized ## +# John indeed baptized with water -This can be translated with an active verb: "God will baptize you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"John indeed baptized people with water" + +# you shall be baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will baptize you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/06.md b/act/01/06.md index 6782114f4a..6fe5a1f391 100644 --- a/act/01/06.md +++ b/act/01/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## is this the time you will restore the kingdom to Israel ## +# General Information: -"Will you now make Israel a strong nation again?" +Here the word "they" refers to the apostles. -## times or seasons ## +# is this the time you will restore the kingdom to Israel -"times or dates" +"will you now make Israel a great kingdom again" -## you will receive power ## +# the times or the seasons -"You will be spiritually strengthened." +Possible meanings are 1) the words "times" and "seasons" refer to different kinds of time. AT: "the general period of time or the specific date" or 2) the two words are basically synonymous. AT: "the exact time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## you will be my witnesses ## +# you will receive power ... and you will be my witnesses -This is the result of receiving power. This can also be translated as "to be my witnesses" to show that this was the purpose of the power. +The apostles will receive power that will enable them to be witnesses for Jesus. AT: "God will empower you ... to be my witnesses" -## to the ends of the earth ## +# to the ends of the earth -“all over the world” or “even to the far away places on the earth” \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "all over the world" or 2) "to the places on earth that are farthest away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/09.md b/act/01/09.md index 2664e795e1..d4985d0205 100644 --- a/act/01/09.md +++ b/act/01/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## as they were looking up ## +# as they were looking up -"as the apostles were looking up at the sky" +"as they watched." The apostles "were looking up" at Jesus because Jesus rose into the sky. AT: "as they were looking up at the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he vanished into a cloud out of their sight ## +# he was raised up -"He went up into the sky, and a cloud blocked their view of him and they could not see Him anymore." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he rose up into the sky" or "God took him up into the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## looking intensely to heaven ## +# a cloud hid him from their eyes + +"a cloud blocked their view so that they could no longer see him" + +# looking intensely to heaven "staring at the sky" or "gazing at the sky" -## You men of Galilee ## +# You men of Galilee -Specifically "you apostles." Though the angels spoke to the apostles, other verses suggest that other disciples, both men and women, were present at this event. +The angels address the apostles as men who are from Galilee. -## why do you stand looking into heaven? ## +# will return in the same manner -This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus will return in the sky, just as clouds covered him when he arose into heaven. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/12.md b/act/01/12.md index 54ffacd507..6e4671b08b 100644 --- a/act/01/12.md +++ b/act/01/12.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## Then they returned ## +# Then they returned -"The apostles returned." +"The apostles returned" -## a sabbath day's journey ## +# a Sabbath day's journey -This was a rule that the Pharasees made to keep people from doing work on the sabbath. +This refers to the distance which, according to Rabbinical tradition, a person was allowed to walk on a Sabbath day. AT: "about one kilometer away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## When they arrived ## +# When they arrived -"When they reached their destination in Jerusalem" +"When they reached their destination." Verse 12 says they were returning to Jerusalem. -## upper chamber ## +# the upper chamber -"a room on a higher level of the house" +"the room on the upper level of the house" -## Simon the Zealot ## +# They were all united as one -"Simon the Patriot." There were many Zealots, but Simon may have been the only apostle who was a Zealot. The Zealots wanted to make the Romans stop ruling over Israel. +This means that the apostles and believers there all shared a common commitment and purpose, and there was no strife among them. -## They were all united as one ## +# as they diligently continued in prayer -The group was united and did not have divisions or strife. - -## as they diligently continued in prayer ## - -"as they devoted themselves together to pray" \ No newline at end of file +This means that the disciples prayed together regularly and frequently. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/15.md b/act/01/15.md index 80bd360f5b..4984d1ca88 100644 --- a/act/01/15.md +++ b/act/01/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## In those days ## +# Connecting Statement: -"In those days shortly after Jesus went back to heaven" +This event happened during the time that Peter and the other believers were staying together in the upper room. -## in the midst of the brothers ## +# In those days -The word "brothers" often refers to fellow believers and would include both men and women. +These words mark the beginning of a new part of the story. They refer to the period of time after Jesus ascended while the disciples were meeting in the upper chamber. AT: "During that time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## It was necessary that the scripture should be fulfilled ## +# 120 people -Peter is specifically addressing the prophecies that related to Judas. +"one hundred and twenty people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## by the mouth of David ## +# in the midst of the brothers -"the words of David." The word "mouth" is used to refer to "words" even though David wrote them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "brothers" refers to fellow believers and includes both men and women. + +# it was necessary that the scripture should be fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things that we read about in scripture had to take place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the mouth of David + +The word "mouth" refers to the words that David wrote. AT: "through the words of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/17.md b/act/01/17.md index 5fe1292281..c943a507db 100644 --- a/act/01/17.md +++ b/act/01/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Peter continues his speech to the believers that he began in [Acts 1:15](./15.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## his evil act ## +In verse 17 Peter continues his speech to the believers that he began in [Acts 1:16](./15.md). -"his evil act of guiding Jesus' enemies to him." This makes explicit what "evil act" refers to. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# General Information: -## Then falling head first his body burst wide open and all his bowels poured out. ## +In verses 18-19 the author tells the reader background information about how Judas died and what people called the field where he died. This is not part of Peter's speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -On this plot of land, Judas had a severe head first fall that caused his body to burst open. Other Scriptures mention he hung himself. +# General Information: -## It became known…the field of blood. ## +Although Peter is addressing the entire group of people, here the word "us" refers only to the apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -Because of the death, the people started calling the field by a new name. \ No newline at end of file +# Now this man + +The words "this man" refers to Judas Iscariot. + +# the earnings he received for his wickedness + +"the money that he earned from the evil thing that he did." The words "his wickedness" refer to Judas Iscariot's betraying Jesus to the people who killed him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# there he fell headfirst, and his body burst open, and all his intestines poured out + +This suggests that Judas fell from a high place, rather than just falling down. The fall was severe enough to cause his body to burst open. Other passages of scripture mention that he hanged himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Field of Blood + +When the people living in Jerusalem heard of the way in which Judas died, they renamed the field. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/20.md b/act/01/20.md index c867c09fa2..7c0c28f957 100644 --- a/act/01/20.md +++ b/act/01/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Peter continues his speech to the believers that he began in [Acts 1:15](./15.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## For it is written in the book of Psalms ## +Peter continues his speech to the believers that he began in [Acts 1:16](./15.md). -Based on the situation with Judas that he just recounted, Peter is recalling a passage in the book of Psalms that he believes relates to the current situation. +# General Information: -## the book of Psalms ## +Based on the situation with Judas that Peter just recounted, he recalls two Psalms of David that relate to the incident. The quote ends at the end of this verse. -This can be translated as "the book of Hymns" or "the book of Songs." This book is part of the Scriptures. +# For it is written in the Book of Psalms -## Let his field be made desolate ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For David wrote in the Book of Psalms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -A property falling apart and overgrown suggests the owner is dead. +# Let his field be made desolate, and do not let even one person live there -## And do not let even one person live there ## +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -The land is unclean (taboo) or is unfit to live on. +# Let his field be made desolate -## let someone else take his position of leadership ## +Possible meanings are 1) that the word "field" refers to the field where Judas died or 2) that the word "field" refers to Judas's dwelling place and is a metaphor for his family line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"may he be replaced in his leadership position" \ No newline at end of file +# be made desolate + +"become empty" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/21.md b/act/01/21.md index 73b0fbadcd..14670b4842 100644 --- a/act/01/21.md +++ b/act/01/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -Peter continues his speech to the believers that he began in [Acts 1:15](./15.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## It is necessary, therefore ## +Peter finishes his speech to the believers that he began in [Acts 1:16](./15.md). -Peter is about to express why he quoted the verses from Psalms and what they should do about it. +# General Information: -## That the men who accompanied us...one of these must be a witness with us of his resurrection ## +Here the word "us" refers to the apostles and does not include the audience to whom Peter is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -Peter defined the qualifications for the man who is to replace Judas as an apostle. +# It is necessary, therefore -## They put forward two men ## +Based on the scriptures that he quoted and on what Judas had done, Peter tells the group what they must do. -As they looked to replace Judas, they found two men who qualified. +# one of the men who accompanied us ... must be a witness with us of his resurrection -## Joseph called Barsabbas who was also named Justus ## +Peter lists the qualifications for the man who is to replace Judas as an apostle. -Joseph was also known by the names Barsabbas and Justus. \ No newline at end of file +# the Lord Jesus went in and out among us + +Going in and out among a group of people is a metaphor for openly being part of that group. AT: "the Lord Jesus lived among us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# beginning from the baptism of John + +The noun "baptism" can be translated as a verb. Possible meanings: 1) "beginning from when John baptized Jesus" or 2) "beginning from when John baptized people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to the day that he was taken up from us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until the day when Jesus left us and rose up to heaven" or "until the day that God took him up from us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They put forward two men + +Here the word "They" refers to all of the believers who were present. AT: "They proposed two men who fulfilled the requirements that Peter listed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Joseph called Barsabbas, who was also named Justus + +This can be translated with an active form. AT: "Joseph, whom people also called Barsabbas and Justus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/24.md b/act/01/24.md index b3b1609272..f0554e701d 100644 --- a/act/01/24.md +++ b/act/01/24.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## They prayed ## +# They prayed and said -"Then the believers prayed" +Here the word "They" refers to all of the believers, but it was probably one of the apostles who spoke these words. AT: "The believers prayed together and one of the apostles said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## You, Lord, know the hearts of all men ## +# You, Lord, know the hearts of all people -"Lord, You know the inner motivations and thoughts of everyone." +Here the word "hearts" refers to the thoughts and motives. AT: "You, Lord, know the thoughts and motives of everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## so reveal which of these two is the one whom you have chosen to take the place in this ministry and apostleship ## +# to take the place in this ministry and apostleship -"Therefore, God, show us which of these men you have selected to fill this empty position among the apostles." +Here the word "apostleship" defines what kind of "ministry" this is. AT: "to take Judas' place in this apostolic ministry" or "to take Judas' place in serving as an apostle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## from which Judas transgressed to go to his own place ## +# from which Judas turned away -The role was left empty because Judas betrayed Jesus, left, and died. +Here the expression "turned away" means that Judas stopped performing this ministry. AT: "which Judas stopped fulfilling" -## They cast lots for them ## +# to go to his own place -They used the lot to decide between Joseph and Matthias. +This phrase refers to Judas' death and likely to his judgment after death. AT: "to go where he belongs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## the lot fell to Matthias ## +# They cast lots for them -The lot indicated that Matthias should be chosen. +The apostles cast lots to decide between Joseph and Matthias. -## he was numbered with the eleven apostles ## +# the lot fell to Matthias -"the disciples considered him to be one of the apostles" \ No newline at end of file +The lot indicated that Matthias was the one to replace Judas. + +# he was numbered with the eleven apostles + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the believers considered him to be an apostle with the other eleven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/intro.md b/act/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d231f367f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +# Acts 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records an event, commonly known as the "Ascension," when Jesus returns to heaven after his resurrection. He will not come back until he returns at his "second coming." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]]) + +Following other translations, the UDB has chosen to set the salutation ("Dear Theophilus") apart. This follows the style of a letter, but it may be approached differently to follow a similar practice in the translator's culture. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:20, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The kingdom of God ##### +Some scholars believe that Jesus explained to the disciples why the kingdom of God did not come during his life. Others believe that a new phase of the kingdom of God has just begun. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The twelve disciples ##### + +The following are the list of the twelve disciples: In Matthew: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot. + +In Mark: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee, and John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot. + +In Luke: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James, the son of Alphaeus, Simon, who was called the Zealot, Judas, the son of James, and Judas Iscariot. + +It is probable that Thaddaeus and Jude, the son of James, are two names of the same person. + +##### Changes in tense ##### + +It may be difficult to translate the phrase, "Jesus began to do and to teach" because it changes the tense or timing of events within the same sentence ([Acts 1:1](./01.md)). It may be necessary to make all these actions agree with each other in tense. An alternative translation could be, "Jesus did and taught." + +##### Akeldama ##### + +This is a phrase in Hebrew or Aramaic. Luke does not "translate" this phrase into Greek but chooses to "transliterate" or transfer it into Greek by substituting Greek letters for Hebrew letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this phrase either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this phrase without translating its meaning. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Acts intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/01.md b/act/02/01.md index e5e0f66f61..0642d698a8 100644 --- a/act/02/01.md +++ b/act/02/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## they were all together in the same place ## +# General Information: -The word "they" probably refers to the group of about 120 believers who were together in Luke 1:15-26. This included the twelve apostles. +This is a new event; it is now the Day of Pentecost, 50 days after Passover. -## there came from heaven a sound ## +# General Information: -"a noise came from the sky" +Here the word "they" refers to the apostles and the other 120 believers that Luke mentions in [Acts 1:15](../01/15.md). -## like the rush of a violent wind ## +# Suddenly -"like the blowing of a very strong wind" or "like a very strong wind blowing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This word refers to an event that happens unexpectedly. -## the whole house ## +# there came from heaven a sound + +Possible meanings are 1) "heaven" refers to the place where God lives. AT: "a sound came from heaven" or 2) "heaven" refers to the sky. AT: "a sound came from the sky" + +# a sound like the rush of a violent wind + +"a noise that sounded like a very strong wind blowing" + +# the whole house This may have been a house or a larger building. -## tongues like fire ## +# There appeared to them tongues like fire -Possible meanings are 1) tongues that looked like they were made of fire, or 2) small flames of fire that looked like tongues. When fire burns in a small space, such as on a lamp, the flame can be shaped like a tongue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +These might not be actual tongues or fire, but something that looked like them. Possible meanings are 1) tongues that looked like they were made of fire or 2) small flames of fire that looked like tongues. When fire burns in a small space, such as on a lamp, the flame can be shaped like a tongue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## speak with other languages ## +# that were distributed, and they sat upon each one of them + +This means that the "tongues like fire" spread out so that there was one on each person. + +# They were all filled with the Holy Spirit and + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Holy Spirit filled all of those who were there and they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# speak with other languages These are languages that they did not already know. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/05.md b/act/02/05.md index c1fdfd3cf9..76ffdd56aa 100644 --- a/act/02/05.md +++ b/act/02/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## godly men ## +# General Information: -people who wanted to honor and or worship God +Verse 5 gives background information about the large number of Jews who were living in Jerusalem, many of whom were present during this event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## every nation under heaven ## +# General Information: -"every nation in the world" +Here the word "them" refers to the believers; the word "his" refers to each person in the multitude. -## when this sound was heard ## +# godly men -This refers to the sound that was like a strong wind. This can be translated with an active verb: "when they heard this sound." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "godly men" refers to people who were devout in their worship of God and tried to obey all of the Jewish laws. -## the multitude ## +# every nation under heaven + +"every nation in the world." The word "every" is an exaggeration that emphasizes that the people came from many different nations. AT: "many different nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# When this sound was heard + +This refers to the sound that was similar to a strong wind. AT: "When they heard this sound" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the multitude "the large crowd of people" -## Galileans ## +# They were amazed and marveled -This can be translated as "from Galilee." \ No newline at end of file +These two words share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the intensity of amazement. AT: "They were greatly amazed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Really, are not all these who are speaking Galileans? + +The people ask this question to express their amazement. The question could be changed to an exclamation. AT: "All of these Galileans could not possibly know our languages!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/08.md b/act/02/08.md index c5490a7e39..a2ad8c804f 100644 --- a/act/02/08.md +++ b/act/02/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Why is it that we are hearing them... ## +# Why is it that we are hearing them, each in our own language in which we were born? -Possible meanings are 1) a real question that the people wanted an answer to, or 2) a rhetorical question that expressed how amazed they were. The UDB translates it as a statement showing how surprised they were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question that expresses how amazed they were or 2) this is a real question for which the people wanted an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Parthians and Medes and Elamites ## +# in our own language in which we were born -"people from Parthia, Media, and Elam." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"in our own languages that we have learned from birth" -## proselytes ## +# Parthians ... Arabians -"non-Jewish people who have become Jews" or "converts to the Jewish religion" \ No newline at end of file +This lists some of the many nations, regions, and cities from which they came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# proselytes + +"converts to the Jewish religion" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/12.md b/act/02/12.md index 233bd72a51..7ed5e46b31 100644 --- a/act/02/12.md +++ b/act/02/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## amazed and perplexed ## +# amazed and perplexed -The people did not know what to think about what was happening (UDB). It can be translated as, "surprised and confused." +These two words share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that the people could not understand what was happening. AT: "surprised and confused" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## What does this mean? ## +# They are full of new wine -Some people were amazed at what was happening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Some people accuse the believers of having drunk too much wine. AT: "They are drunk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## But others mocked ## +# new wine -"But others insulted" or "put down" - -## They are full of new wine ## - -This can be translated as "They are drunk." Some chose to not believe the miracle, but to mock the apostles. - -## new wine ## - -a stronger drink than normal wine \ No newline at end of file +This refers to wine that is in the process of fermentation. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/14.md b/act/02/14.md index 4d43bafe02..a6be85916e 100644 --- a/act/02/14.md +++ b/act/02/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## stood with the eleven ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Peter begins his speech to the Jews who were there on the Day of Pentecost. + +# stood with the eleven All the apostles stood up in support of Peter's statement. -## it is the third hour of the day ## +# let this be known to you -"It is only nine o'clock in the morning" (UDB). Peter expected his audience to know that people do not get drunk that early in the day. It is implicit information that can be made explicit if needed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This means that Peter is about to explain the meaning of what the people had witnessed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "know this" or "let me explain this to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## third hour of the day ## +# pay attention to my words -"nine o'clock in the morning" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]) \ No newline at end of file +Peter was referring to what he was saying. AT: "listen carefully to what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it is only the third hour of the day + +"It is only nine o'clock in the morning." Peter expected his audience to know that people do not get drunk that early in the day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/16.md b/act/02/16.md index 66ac52bed3..504f3238bb 100644 --- a/act/02/16.md +++ b/act/02/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 2:14](./14.md). +# General Information: -## this is what was spoken through the prophet Joel ## +Here Peter tells them a passage about which the prophet Joel wrote in the Old Testament that relates to what is happening with the languages in which the believers spoke. This is written in the form of poetry as well as being a quotation. -AT: "This is what God said and told the prophet Joel to write" or "The prophet Joel wrote these things that God had said." +# this is what was spoken through the prophet Joel -## what was spoken ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this is what God told the prophet Joel to write" or "this is that which the prophet Joel spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This can be translated with an active verb: "what God said" or "what God spoke about." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# It will be -## It will be in the last days ## +"This is what will happen" or "This is what I will do" -This can be translated as "In the last days." The things that he is about to speak of will happen in the last days. This is the first part of what God said. The words "God says" can come first as in the UDB. +# I will pour out my Spirit on all people -## pour out Spirit upon all flesh ## - -This is a figure of speech telling how abundantly God will give his Spirit to all people. - -## all flesh ## - -"all people." The word "flesh" refers to people because people are made of flesh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the words "pour out" mean to give generously and abundantly. AT: "I will give my Spirit abundantly to all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/18.md b/act/02/18.md index bdf0911580..e8de455b1f 100644 --- a/act/02/18.md +++ b/act/02/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -Peter continues to quote the prophet Joel in his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 1:15](../01/15.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## servants...female servants ## +Peter continues to quote the prophet Joel. -In the Old Testament, God's prophets and other people who worshiped God are often referred to as his “servants.” +# my servants and my female servants -## I will pour out my Spirit ## +"both my male and my female servants." These words emphasize that God will pour out his Spirit on all of his servants, both men and women. -God gives his Spirit generously. +# I will pour out my Spirit -## prophesy ## +Here the words "pour out" mean to give generously and abundantly. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:17](./16.md). AT: "I will give my Spirit abundantly to all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -God inspires them to speak God's truth. +# vapor of smoke -## vapor ## - -"mist" or "fog" - -## pour out ## - -This is like someone emptying out a lot of water from a pitcher or a bucket. \ No newline at end of file +"thick smoke" or "clouds of smoke" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/20.md b/act/02/20.md index 8ad1a07363..363dfabfe0 100644 --- a/act/02/20.md +++ b/act/02/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Peter continues to quote the prophet Joel in his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 1:15](../01/15.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## the sun will be turned to darkness and the moon to blood ## +Peter finishes quoting the prophet Joel. -The exact meaning of this phrase is unclear. Just translate it as literally as possible into your language. +# The sun will be turned to darkness -## everyone who calls on the name of the Lord ## +This means that the sun will appear to be dark instead of light. AT: "The sun will become dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "everyone who calls on the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# the moon to blood -## calls ## +This means that the moon will appear to be red like blood. AT: "the moon will appear to be red" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -prays or pleads \ No newline at end of file +# the great and remarkable day + +The words "great" and "remarkable" share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of greatness. AT: "the very great day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# remarkable + +"unusual" or "important" + +# everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Lord will save everyone who calls on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/22.md b/act/02/22.md index 60cb971f6b..f148caa34e 100644 --- a/act/02/22.md +++ b/act/02/22.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 1:15](../01/15.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## determined plan and foreknowledge of God ## +Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 1:16](../01/15.md). -The death of Christ was accomplished according to the established plan and knowledge of God. +# hear these words -## your ## +"listen to what I am about to say" -This is the plural form of "your." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +# shown to you by God to be genuine by the mighty deeds, the wonders, and the signs -## he was delivered up ## +This means that God proved that he had appointed Jesus for his mission, and proved who he was by his many miracles -"men delivered him" or "people delivered him" +# by God's predetermined plan and foreknowledge -## loosed ## +The nouns "plan" and "foreknowledge" can be translated as verbs. This means that God planned out and knew beforehand what would happen to Jesus. AT: "because God planned out and knew beforehand everything that would happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -This means to be untied like one unties a rope. +# was handed over -## having loosed the pains of death from him ## +Possible meanings: 1) "you handed Jesus over into the hands of his enemies" or 2) "Judas betrayed Jesus to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"to untie or free from the pains of death" +# you, by the hand of lawless men, put him to death by nailing him to a cross -## held ## +Although "lawless men" actually crucified Jesus, Peter accuses the crowd of having killed him because they demanded his death. -Death could not finally keep Jesus in its power. \ No newline at end of file +# by the hand of lawless men + +Here "hand" refers to the actions of the lawless men. AT: "through the actions of lawless men" or "by what lawless men did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lawless men + +Possible meanings are 1) the unbelieving Jews who accused Jesus of crimes or 2) the Roman soldiers who performed the execution of Jesus. + +# freeing him from the pains of death + +Peter speaks of death as if it were a person who ties people up with painful cords. AT: "having freed him from the pain that death causes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# for him to be held by it + +"that he should be held by death." This can be stated in active form. AT: "that death should hold him" or "that death should keep him in its power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/25.md b/act/02/25.md index 59f7ea7319..0296ee6cf1 100644 --- a/act/02/25.md +++ b/act/02/25.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 1:15](../01/15.md). +# General Information: -## I saw ## +Here Peter quotes a passage that David wrote in a Psalm which relates to Jesus' crucifixion and resurrection. -David foresaw God working in his life before events unfolded. +# General Information: -## before my face ## +Since Peter says that David said these words about Jesus, the words "I" and "my" refer to Jesus and the words "Lord" and "he" refer to God. -"in my presence" or "with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# before my face -## beside my right hand ## +"in front of me." AT: "in my presence" or "with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -The right hand was considered the strongest. Someone at the right hand was either the strongest servant or the strongest helper. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# beside my right hand -## my heart was glad and my tongue rejoiced ## +To be at someone's "right hand" often means to be in a position to help and sustain. AT: "right beside me" or "with me to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "I was happy and I rejoiced." +# I should not be moved -## my flesh will live in confidence ## +Here the word "moved" means to be troubled. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will not be able to cause me trouble" or "nothing will trouble me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "Even though I am only mortal, I will have confidence in God." \ No newline at end of file +# my heart was glad and my tongue rejoiced + +People consider the "heart" the center of emotions and the "tongue" voices those emotions. AT: "I was glad and rejoiced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# my flesh will live in confidence + +Possible meanings of the word "flesh" are 1) he is a mortal who will die. AT: "Even though I am only mortal, I will have confidence in God" or 2) it is synecdoche for his entire person. AT: "I will live with confidence in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/27.md b/act/02/27.md index 1997dde97c..d39bb4eea1 100644 --- a/act/02/27.md +++ b/act/02/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Peter continues to quote David in the Psalms in his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 1:15](../01/15.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## Your holy one ## +Peter finishes quoting David. -"Your anointed or chosen one" +# General Information: -## To see decay ## +Since Peter says that David said these words about Jesus, the words "my," "Holy One," and "me" refer to Jesus and the words "you" and "your" refer to God. -His body will not remain dead long enough to decompose. This may be translated as "to rot." +# neither will you allow your Holy One to see decay -## ways of life ## +The Messiah, Jesus, refers to himself with the words "your Holy One." AT: "neither will you allow me, your Holy One, to see decay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -"life-giving truth" \ No newline at end of file +# to see decay + +Here the word "see" means to experience something. The word "decay" refers to the decomposition of his body after death. AT: "to decay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the ways of life + +"the ways that lead to life" + +# full of gladness with your face + +Here the word "face" refers to the presence of God. AT: "very glad when I see you" or "very glad when I am in your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# gladness + +"joy" or "happiness" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/29.md b/act/02/29.md index 488e94b80b..00c74d080c 100644 --- a/act/02/29.md +++ b/act/02/29.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 1:15](../01/15.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## patriarch ## +Peter continues his speech that he began in [Acts 1:16](../01/15.md) to the Jews that surround him and the other believers in Jerusalem. -This is a father, or one who lived a long time ago. +# General Information: -## oath ## +In verses 29 & 30, the words he," "his," and "him" refer to David. In verse 31, the first "He" refers to David and the words within the quote "He" and "his" refer to Christ. -An "oath" is a solemn statement or declaration. +# Brothers -## swear an oath ## +"Fellow Jews" -When one swears an oath, he makes a serious statement that what he promises is true. +# he both died and was buried -## brothers ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he died and people buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This includes men and women. +# he would set one of the fruit of his body upon his throne -## He foresaw ## +"God would set one of David's descendants upon David's throne." AT: "God would appoint one of David's descendants to be king in David's place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -David foresaw and spoke of the Messiah. \ No newline at end of file +# one of the fruit of his body + +Here the word "fruit" refers to what "his body" produces. AT: "one of his descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# He foresaw this + +"He knew this before it happened." Peter uses this language to speak of knowing something beforehand as if it were seen beforehand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He foresaw + +In this case, God enabled David to speak about the Messiah's resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He was neither abandoned to Hades + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God did not abandon him to Hades" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# nor did his flesh see decay + +Here the word "see" means to experience something. The word "decay" refers to the decomposition of his body after death. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:27](./27.md). AT: "nor did his flesh decay" or "nor did he remain dead long enough for his flesh to decay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/32.md b/act/02/32.md index 1340009010..33b772828b 100644 --- a/act/02/32.md +++ b/act/02/32.md @@ -1,5 +1,27 @@ -Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 1:15](../01/15.md). +# General Information: -## right hand of God ## +The word "we" refers to the disciples and those that witnessed the risen Jesus after his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -This is a place of confidence, honor, favor, trust, power and privilege. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Here, the second word "this" refers to the disciples' speaking in other languages when they received the Holy Spirit. + +# God raised him up + +Here the word "raised" refers to God's raising Jesus from the dead. + +# having been raised up to the right hand of God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God having raised Jesus up to his right hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# having been raised up to the right hand + +This refers to God's exalting Jesus to a position of honor and authority. + +# he has poured out this + +Here the words "poured out" mean that Jesus who is God made these events to happen. It is implicit that he does this by giving the Holy Spirit to the believers. AT: "he has caused these things to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# poured out + +Here the words "pour out" mean to give generously and abundantly. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 2:17](./16.md). AT: "given abundantly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/34.md b/act/02/34.md index 7b49eeb90d..1bb0644083 100644 --- a/act/02/34.md +++ b/act/02/34.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 1:15](../01/15.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## the Lord said to my Lord ## +Peter finishes his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 1:16](../01/15.md). -"the Lord (God) said to my Lord (Christ)" +# General Information: -## sit at my right hand ## +Peter again quotes one of David's Psalms. David is not speaking of himself in this Psalm. "The Lord" and "my" refer to God; "my Lord" and "your" refer to Jesus the Messiah. -"take your place of honor, trust, privileges, and power by my side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# until I make your enemies the stool for your feet -## until I make your enemy a stool for your feet ## +This means that God will completely defeat the Messiah's enemies and make them subject to him. AT: "until I make you victorious over all of your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"until I put your enemy in a position or place of defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# all the house of Israel + +This refers to the entire nation of Israel. AT: "every Israelite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/37.md b/act/02/37.md index 19fd5f95dd..ff1134f5cb 100644 --- a/act/02/37.md +++ b/act/02/37.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## pierced in their heart ## +# Connecting Statement: -Luke uses the metaphor of piercing to emphasize how painful it was for them to hear this statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The Jews respond to Peter's speech and Peter answers them. -## For to you is the promise ## +# General Information: -"The promise is for you" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "they" refers to the people in the crowd to whom Peter spoke. + +# when they heard this + +"when the people heard what Peter had said" + +# they were pierced in their hearts + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Peter's words pierced their hearts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# pierced in their hearts + +This means that the people felt guilty and became very sad. AT: "deeply troubled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# be baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "allow us to baptize you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all that are far off + +This means either 1) "all people who live far away" or 2) "all people who are far from God." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/40.md b/act/02/40.md index 117e339c7a..be2e16bfb6 100644 --- a/act/02/40.md +++ b/act/02/40.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## he testified ## +# Connecting Statement: -In the New Testament, the term "testify" is often used to refer to how Jesus' followers spoke about the events of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection. +This is the end of the part of the story that happened on the Day of Pentecost. Verse 42 begins a section that explains how the believers continued to live after the Day of Pentecost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## wicked generation ## +# he testified and urged them -"very evil generation" +"he seriously told them and begged them." Here the words "testified" and "urged" share similar meanings and emphasize that Peter urged them strongly to respond to what he was saying. AT: "he strongly urged them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## received ## +# Save yourselves from this wicked generation -"believed" or "accepted" +The implication is that God will punish "this wicked generation." AT: "Save yourselves from the punishment that these wicked people will suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## were baptized ## +# they received his word -Jesus' disciples baptized them. +Here the word "received" means that they accepted what Peter said to be true. AT: "they believed what Peter said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## about three thousand souls ## +# were baptized -AT: "about 3,000 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people baptized them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there were added in that day about three thousand souls + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "about three thousand souls joined the believers on that day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# about three thousand souls + +Here the word "souls" refers to people. AT: "about 3,000 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the breaking of bread + +Bread was part of their meals. Possible meanings are 1) this refers to any meals they might eat together. AT: "eating meals together" or 2) this refers to the meals they would eat together in order to remember Christ's death and resurrection. AT: "eating the Lord's Supper together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/43.md b/act/02/43.md index ffe163f3ed..04e283b02b 100644 --- a/act/02/43.md +++ b/act/02/43.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Fear came upon every soul ## +# Fear came upon every soul -AT: "All of the people were very afraid," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "Fear" refers to deep respect and awe for God. The word "soul" refers to the entire person. AT: "Each person felt a deep respect and awe for God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## had all things in common ## +# many wonders and signs were done through the apostles -"shared all of their possessions" +Possible meanings are 1) "the apostles performed many wonders and signs" or 2) "God performed many wonders and signs through the apostles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## distributed them to ## +# wonders and signs -"gave them to" or "gave money to" +"miraculous deeds and supernatural events." See how you translated this in [Acts 2:22](./22.md). -## fear ## +# All who believed were together -"reverent awe" +Possible meanings are 1) "All of them believed the same thing" or 2) "All who believed were together in the same place." -## were together ## +# had all things in common -"believed the same thing" +"shared their belongings with one another" -## according as anyone had need ## +# property and possessions -When a need was expressed or observed, other believers gave to meet that need. \ No newline at end of file +"land and things they owned" + +# distributed them to all + +Here the word "them" refers to the profit that they made from selling their property and possessions. AT: "distributed the proceeds to all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# according to the needs anyone had + +They distributed the proceeds that they earned from selling their property and possessions to any believer who had a need. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/46.md b/act/02/46.md index 6c2a2b3fba..2183bac52f 100644 --- a/act/02/46.md +++ b/act/02/46.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## with one purpose ## +# they continued with one purpose -"with one mind" +Possible meanings are 1) "they continued meeting together" or 2) "they all continued to have the same attitude." -## they continued ## +# they broke bread in homes -"the believers continued" +Bread was part of their meals. AT: "they eat meals together in their homes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## broke bread ## +# with joy and humility of heart -They shared their meals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "humility" may refer to generosity. The word "heart" refers to the entire person. AT: "joyfully and generously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## humility of heart ## +# had favor with all the people -This means without presumption, plainly, without unnecessary formality, without regard to rank or privilege. +"all the people approved of them" -## had favor with ## +# those who were being saved -"had the respect of" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom the Lord saved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/02/intro.md b/act/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d15469eca3 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Acts 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:17-21, 25-28, 31, 34-35, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +The events described in this chapter are commonly called "Pentecost." Many people believe the coming of the Holy Spirit to indwell believers in this chapter marks the beginning of the church. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Tongues ##### +There is a display of tongues in this passage. They are described as foreign languages, previously unknown to the speaker. + +##### Last days ##### +Did the last days begin at this time in history? Scholars are divided over the response to this difficult question. The translator should exercise caution to avoid explicitly stating the starting point of the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +##### Baptism ##### +There are two baptisms referenced in this chapter. The first is christian baptism. The second is the baptism of the Spirit. The difference between the two baptisms depends on one's theological perspective. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/baptize]]) + +##### Signs and wonders ##### +This is a unique phrase describing the great power displayed and bearing witness to the truth of who Christ was and is. This is a major theme of the chapter. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Has the prophecy of Joel been fulfilled? ##### +It appears the prophecy of Joel may have been fulfilled in part, but not completely. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/01.md b/act/03/01.md index 3cd5fc88b8..b1f32d8f23 100644 --- a/act/03/01.md +++ b/act/03/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## into the temple ## +# Connecting Statement: -"into the temple area" or "to the temple." They did not go into the inner building where only the serving priests were allowed. +One day Peter and John go to the temple. -## the ninth hour ## +# General Information: -"three o'clock in the afternoon" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]) +Verse 2 gives background information about the lame man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## alms ## +# into the temple -The word "alms" refers to money that people give to the poor. \ No newline at end of file +They did not go into the temple building where only the priests were allowed. AT: "to the temple courtyard" or "into the temple area" + +# a man lame from birth was being carried every day to the Beautiful gate of temple + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Every day, people carried a certain man, lame from birth, and laid him near the Beautiful gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lame + +unable to walk \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/04.md b/act/03/04.md index b440c7f645..595891ba80 100644 --- a/act/03/04.md +++ b/act/03/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## fastening his eyes upon him ## +# Peter, fastening his eyes upon him, with John, said -"staring at him" or "looking intently at him" +Both Peter and John looked at the man, but only Peter spoke. -## the lame man looked at them ## +# fastening his eyes upon him -"the lame man paid close attention to them" +Possible meanings are 1) "looking directly at him" or 2) "looking intently at him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## silver and gold ## +# The lame man looked at them -The phrase "silver and gold" is used to represent money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "looked" means to pay attention to something. AT: "The lame man paid close attention to them" -## In the name of Jesus Christ ## +# Silver and gold -"Through the power of Jesus Christ," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +These words refer to money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what I do have + +It is understood that Peter has the ability to heal the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# In the name of Jesus Christ + +Here the word "name" refers to power and authority. AT: "With the authority of Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/07.md b/act/03/07.md index 52c1f9afac..19a8493371 100644 --- a/act/03/07.md +++ b/act/03/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## He entered...into the temple ## +# he entered ... into the temple -The men entered into the temple courtyard. Only the priests were allowed to enter the actual temple building. \ No newline at end of file +He did not go inside the temple building where only the priests were allowed. AT: "he entered ... the temple area" or "he entered ... into the temple courtyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/09.md b/act/03/09.md index 389ba42664..a663e03060 100644 --- a/act/03/09.md +++ b/act/03/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## noticed ## +# noticed that it was the man -"perceived" or "saw" +"realized that it was the man" or "recognized him as the man" -## the Beautiful Gate ## +# the Beautiful Gate -"the gate called Beautiful" \ No newline at end of file +This was the name of one of the entrances to the temple area. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 3:2](./01.md). + +# they were filled with wonder and amazement + +Here the words "wonder" and "amazement" share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of the people's amazement. AT: "they were extremely amazed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/11.md b/act/03/11.md index 6260645577..fec52b19d3 100644 --- a/act/03/11.md +++ b/act/03/11.md @@ -1,39 +1,39 @@ -## As ## +# Connecting Statement: -"While" +After healing the man who could not walk, Peter talks to the people. -## the porch that was called Solomon's ## +# General Information: -"Solomon's Porch." Solomon was a king of Israel who had lived long before that time. A porch is a row of pillars covered by a roof, and open on one side. +The phrase "in the porch that is called Solomon's" makes it clear that they were not inside the temple where only the priests were allowed to enter. -## greatly marveling ## +# General Information: -"full of surprise" or "astonished" +Here the words "us" and "we" refer to Peter and John but not to the crowd to whom Peter is talking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## When Peter saw this ## +# the porch that is called Solomon's -"When Peter saw the crowd growing" or "When Peter saw the people" (UDB) +"Solomon's Porch." This was a covered walkway that consisted of rows of pillars that supported a roof, and which people named after king Solomon. -## You men of Israel ## +# greatly marveling -"Fellow Israelites" (UDB). Peter was addressing the crowd. The word "men" in this context includes everyone present. +"extremely surprised" -## Why do you marvel? ## +# When Peter saw this -This can be translated as "You should not be surprised" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here the word "this" refers to the amazement of the people. -## Why do you fix your eyes on us ## +# You men of Israel -This can also be translated as "You should not focus on us" or "There is no reason for you to focus on us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"Fellow Israelites." Peter was addressing the crowd. -## us ## +# why do you marvel? -The word "us" refers to Peter and John. +Peter asks this question to emphasize that they should not be surprised by what had happened. AT: "you should not be surprised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## we ## +# Why do you fix your eyes on us, as if we had made him to walk by our own power or godliness? -The word "we" refers to Peter and John. +Peter asks this question to emphasize that the people should not think that he and John had healed the man by their own abilities. This could be written as two statements. AT: "Do not fix your eyes on us. We did not make him walk by our own power or godliness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## as if we had made him to walk by our own power or godliness? ## +# fix your eyes on us -This can be translated as "We did not make him walk by our own power or godliness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that they looked intently at them without stopping. AT: "stare at us" or "look at us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/13.md b/act/03/13.md index 9bdf3c802c..49dcc24d6b 100644 --- a/act/03/13.md +++ b/act/03/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 3:11](./11.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## whom you delivered up ## +Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 3:12](./11.md). -"whom you brought to Pilate" +# whom you delivered up -## and denied before the face of Pilate ## +"whom you handed over to Pilate" or "whom you gave to Pilate" -"and you rejected him in Pilate's presence" +# rejected before the face of Pilate -## when he had decided to release him ## +Here the phrase "before the face of" means "in the presence of." AT: "rejected in Pilate's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"when Pilate had decided to set Jesus free" +# when he had decided to release him -## for a murderer to be released to you ## +"when Pilate had decided to release Jesus" -This can be translated with an active verb: "for Pilate to set free a murderer." \ No newline at end of file +# for a murderer to be released to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for Pilate to release a murderer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/15.md b/act/03/15.md index 8ab02c2ae8..421a2d05ce 100644 --- a/act/03/15.md +++ b/act/03/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 3:11](./11.md). +# General Information: -## Prince of life ## +Here the word "we" includes just Peter and John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -"The author of life" (UDB) or "ruler of life" +# Founder of life -## has made this man strong ## +This refers to Jesus. Possible meanings are 1) "the one who gives people eternal life" or 2) "the ruler of life" or 3) "the founder of life" or 4) "the one who leads people to life" -"has made this man well" \ No newline at end of file +# Founder + +"creator," "author," or "captain" + +# Now + +This word, "Now," shifts the audiences' attention to the lame man. + +# by faith in his name + +Here the word "name" refers to Jesus. Possible meanings are 1) "because this man believes in Jesus" or 2) "because John and I believe in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# made him strong + +"made him well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/17.md b/act/03/17.md index d228c6f88a..b49d4e5272 100644 --- a/act/03/17.md +++ b/act/03/17.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 3:11](./11.md). +# Now -## by the mouth of all the prophets ## +Here Peter shifts the audience's attention from the lame man and continues to talk to them directly. -"through the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# you acted in ignorance + +Possible meanings are 1) that the people did not know that Jesus was the Messiah or 2) that the people did not understand the significance of what they were doing. + +# God foretold by the mouth of all the prophets + +When the prophets spoke, it was as though God himself was speaking because he told them what to say. AT: "God foretold by telling all of the prophets what to speak" + +# foretold + +"told ahead of time" or "told before it happened" + +# the mouth of all the prophets + +Here the word "mouth" refers to the words that the prophets spoke and wrote down. AT: "the words of all the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/19.md b/act/03/19.md index 59a9041a27..2efa46d670 100644 --- a/act/03/19.md +++ b/act/03/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 3:11](./11.md). +# Repent ... and turn -## turn again ## +The words "Repent" and "turn" and refer changing one's way of thinking, turning away from sin and turning to God. -"turn back to God" +# so that your sins may be blotted out -## so that there may come periods of refreshing from the presence of the Lord ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that God may blot out your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"so that the Lord may strengthen you" +# periods of refreshing from the presence of the Lord -## blotted out ## +"times of relief from the presence of the Lord." Possible meanings are 1) "times when God will strengthen your spirits" or 2) "times when God will revive you" -"erased" or "crossed out" \ No newline at end of file +# from the presence of the Lord + +Here the words "presence of the Lord" is a metonym for the Lord himself. AT: "from the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that he may send the Christ + +"that he may again send the Christ." This refers to Christ's coming again. + +# who has been appointed for you + +This may be stated in active form. AT: "whom he has appointed for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/21.md b/act/03/21.md index f14c8114d5..6a55e7080a 100644 --- a/act/03/21.md +++ b/act/03/21.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 3:11](./11.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## the heavens must receive ## +Peter continues his speech that he began in [Acts 3:12](./11.md) to the Jews who stood in the temple area. -Jesus will remain in heaven for it was previously stated that was what he would do. +# General Information: -## until the time of the restoration of all things ## +In verses 22-23 Peter quotes something Moses told before the Messiah came. -"until the time when God will restore all things" +# He is the One heaven must receive -## of which God spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets ## +"He is the One heaven must welcome." Peter speaks of heaven as if it were a person who welcomes Jesus into his home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -"God told his holy prophets to speak of the restoration." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# heaven must receive until -## his holy prophets that have been ever since ancient times ## +This means that it is necessary for Jesus to remain in heaven because that is what God has planned. -"his holy prophets who lived long ago" +# until the time of the restoration of all things -## will raise up a prophet ## +Possible meanings are 1) "until the time when God will restore all things" or 2) "until the time when God will fulfill everything that he foretold." -"will choose someone to be a prophet" +# about which God spoke long ago by the mouth of his holy prophets -## destroyed ## +When the prophets spoke long ago, it was as if God himself was speaking because he told them what to say. AT: "about which things God spoke long ago by telling his holy prophets to speak about them" -"removed" or "taken away" \ No newline at end of file +# the mouth of his holy prophets + +Here the word "mouth" refers to the words that the prophets spoke and wrote down. AT: "the words of his holy prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will raise up a prophet + +"will appoint a prophet" + +# that prophet will be completely destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that prophet, God will completely destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/24.md b/act/03/24.md index e0373867e5..d2f8ce0c78 100644 --- a/act/03/24.md +++ b/act/03/24.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 3:11](./11.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## all those who followed him ## +Peter finishes his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 3:12](./11.md). -"all those prophets who lived after Samuel lived" +# Yes, and all the prophets -## these days ## +"In fact, all the prophets." Here the word "Yes" adds emphasis to what follows. + +# from Samuel and those who came after him + +"beginning with Samuel and continuing with the prophets who lived after he did" + +# these days "these times" or "the things that are happening now" -## You are the sons of the prophets ## +# You are the sons of the prophets and of the covenant -"You are the heirs of the prophets." This can be translated as "You will receive what God promised through his prophets." +Here the word "sons" refers to heirs who will receive what the prophets and the covenant promised. AT: "You are the heirs of the prophets and heirs of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## and of the covenant ## - -"and sons of the covenant." This can be translated as "You will receive what God promised in his covenant." - -## In your seed ## +# In your seed "Because of your offspring" -## After God raised up his Servant ## +# shall all the families of the earth be blessed -"After God chose his Servant" or "After God gave authority to his Servant" +Here the word "families" refers to people groups or nations. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will bless all the people groups in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## his Servant ## +# After God raised up his servant -This refers to God's Messiah. \ No newline at end of file +"After God presented his servant" or "After God gave authority to his servant" + +# his servant + +This refers to the Messiah, Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/03/intro.md b/act/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bbb8b9d826 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Acts 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Abrahamic Covenant ##### +This chapter explains that part of the Abrahamic covenant has been fulfilled in Jesus. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "You delivered up" ##### +There are many references to the "men of Israel" as "you." While it is true that the leaders of Israel were responsible for these events, ultimately it was Jesus' choice to be delivered up and the need for his death was the sin of mankind. Therefore, the author is not bringing judgment upon these people, but is urging repentance for their condemnation of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/01.md b/act/04/01.md index 63c9f97913..74b36e83a2 100644 --- a/act/04/01.md +++ b/act/04/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## captain of the temple ## +# Connecting Statement: -chief security guard of the temple +The religious leaders arrest Peter and John after Peter's having healed the man who was born lame. -## came upon them ## +# came upon them "approached them" or "came to them" -## They were deeply troubled ## +# They were deeply troubled -Peter taught about Jesus and his resurrection from the dead. This troubled the Sadducees because they did not believe in Jesus' resurrection from the dead. +"They were very angry." The Sadducees, in particular, would have been angry about what Peter and John were saying because they did not believe in resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the number of the men ## +# proclaiming in Jesus the resurrection from the dead ones -specifically males. Any women and children who were there were not included in the count. +Peter and John were saying that God would raise people from the dead in the same way as he had raised Jesus from among the dead. Translate this in a way that allows "the resurrection" to refer to both Jesus' resurrection and the general resurrection of other people. -## since it was now evening ## +# from the dead ones + +"from among the dead people" + +# They arrested them + +"The priests, the captain of the temple, and the Sadducees arrested Peter and John" + +# since it was now evening It was common practice not to question people at night. -## was about five thousand ## +# the number of the men who believed -"became about five thousand" or "grew to about five thousand". \ No newline at end of file +This refers only to men and does not include how many women or children believed. + +# was about five thousand + +"grew to about five thousand" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/05.md b/act/04/05.md index 44d58d2e38..72dafbbcc7 100644 --- a/act/04/05.md +++ b/act/04/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## by what power ## +# Connecting Statement: -"who gave you power" (UDB) or "what gave you power". They knew Peter and John could not have healed this man on their own. +The rulers question Peter and John who answer without fear. -## in what name ## +# General Information: -"who gave you authority" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "their" refers to the Jewish people as a whole. + +# It came about ... that + +This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# their rulers, elders and scribes + +This is a reference to the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling court, which consisted of these three groups of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# John, and Alexander + +These two men were members of the high priest's family. This is not the same John as the apostle. + +# By what power + +"Who gave you power" + +# in what name + +Here the word "name" refers to authority. AT: "by whose authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/08.md b/act/04/08.md index 408e112a02..a9d310d9a9 100644 --- a/act/04/08.md +++ b/act/04/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## the people of Israel ## +# Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit -citizens of the nation Israel \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:4](../02/01.md). AT: "The Holy Spirit filled Peter and he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if we this day are being questioned ... by what means was this man made well? + +Peter asks this question to clarify that this was the real reason that they were on trial. AT: "You are asking us this day ... by what means we made this man well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# we this day are being questioned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you are questioning us this day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by what means was this man made well + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "by what means we have made this man well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# May this be known to you all and to all the people of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May all of you and all of the people of Israel know this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to you all and to all the people of Israel + +"to you who are questioning us and to all the other people of Israel" + +# in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth + +Here the word "name" refers to power and authority. AT: "by the power of Jesus Christ of Nazareth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/11.md b/act/04/11.md index 653f26f583..9f960194d1 100644 --- a/act/04/11.md +++ b/act/04/11.md @@ -1,5 +1,39 @@ -Peter continues his speech to the Jewish religious rulers that he began in [Acts 4:8](./08.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## Jesus Christ is the stone ## +Peter completes his speech to the Jewish religious rulers that he began in [Acts 4:8](./08.md). -This is a simile. As only one cornerstone is set for the foundation and reference point of a building, Jesus is the only foundation for Salvation. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Here the word "we" refers to Peter as well as those to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Jesus Christ is the stone ... which has been made the head cornerstone + +Peter is quoting from the Psalms. This is a metaphor that means the religious leaders, like builders, rejected Jesus, but God will made him the most important in his kingdom, as a cornerstone in a building is important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# head + +Here the word "head" means "most important" or "vital." + +# you as builders despised + +"you as builders rejected" or "you as builders rejected as worth nothing" + +# There is no salvation in any other person + +The noun "salvation" can be translated as a verb. This can be stated positively. AT: "He is the only person who is able to save" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# no other name under heaven given among men + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no other name under heaven that God has given among men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# no other name ... given among men + +The phrase "name ... given among men" refers to the person of Jesus. AT: "no other person under heaven, who is given among men, by whom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# under heaven + +This is a way of referring to everywhere in the world. AT: "in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# by which we must be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which can save us" or "who can save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/13.md b/act/04/13.md index 7b678d8591..ad044dbee5 100644 --- a/act/04/13.md +++ b/act/04/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## when they saw the boldness ## +# General Information: -"They" refers to the group leaders. +Here the second instance of "they" refers to Peter and John. All other occurrences of the word "they" in this section refer to the Jewish leaders. -## realized that they ## +# the boldness of Peter and John -"perceiving" or "knowing" +Here the abstract noun "boldness" refers to the way in which Peter and John responded to the Jewish leaders, and can be translated with an adverb or an adjective. AT: "how boldly Peter and John had spoken" or "how bold Peter and John were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## they were ordinary ## +# boldness -"They" refers to two, Peter and John. +"fearlessness" or "courage" -## uneducated men ## +# realized that they were ordinary, uneducated men -"untrained" or "no formal schooling" \ No newline at end of file +The Jewish leaders "realized" this because of the way Peter and John spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# realized + +"understood" + +# ordinary, uneducated men + +The words "ordinary" and "uneducated" share similar meanings. They emphasize that Peter and John had received no formal training in Jewish law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the man who was healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the man whom Peter and John had healed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# nothing to say against this + +"nothing to say against Peter and John's healing of the man." Here the word "this" refers to what Peter and John had done. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/15.md b/act/04/15.md index ef7a197a7a..a0263d8816 100644 --- a/act/04/15.md +++ b/act/04/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## them ## +# the apostles -This refers to Peter and Paul. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Peter and John. + +# What shall we do to these men? + +The Jewish leaders ask this question out of frustration because they could not think of what to do with Peter and John. AT: "There is nothing that we can do with these men!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For the fact that a remarkable miracle has been done through them is known to everyone who lives in Jerusalem + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For everyone who lives in Jerusalem knows that they have done a remarkable miracle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# everyone who lives in Jerusalem + +This is a generalization. It may also be an exaggeration to show that the leaders think that this is a very big problem. AT: "many of the people who live in Jerusalem" or "people who live throughout Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# in order that it spreads no further + +Here the word "it" refers to any miracles or teaching Peter and John might continue to do. AT: "in order that news of this miracle spreads no further" or "in order that no more people hear about this miracle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# not to speak anymore to anyone in this name + +Here the word "name" refers to the person of Jesus. AT: "not to speak anymore to anyone about this person, Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/19.md b/act/04/19.md index c2efcad80f..ae67a93578 100644 --- a/act/04/19.md +++ b/act/04/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## we cannot help ## +# General Information: -we are compelled to speak +Here the word "we" refers to Peter and John but not to those whom they are addressing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## whether it is right ## +# Whether it is right in the sight of God -righteous and honoring to God \ No newline at end of file +Here the phrase "in the sight of God" refers to God's opinion. AT: "Whether God thinks it is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/21.md b/act/04/21.md index ee478d797f..01876cf34f 100644 --- a/act/04/21.md +++ b/act/04/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## they were unable to find any excuse to punish them ## +# General Information: -The leaders could not figure out how to punish Peter and John without causing a riot among the people who saw the man healed. +Verse 22 gives background information about the age of the lame man who was healed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## after further warning ## +# After further warning -The leaders threatened them with further punishment. +The Jewish leaders again threatened to punish Peter and John. -## The man...was more than forty years old ## +# They were unable to find any excuse to punish them -It was a well established fact that the man had been crippled and was recently healed. \ No newline at end of file +Although the Jewish leaders threatened Peter and John, they could not find a reason to punish them without causing the people to riot. + +# for what had been done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for what Peter and John had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The man who had experienced this miracle of healing + +"The man whom Peter and John had miraculously healed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/23.md b/act/04/23.md index c46fe25d12..fb7790f389 100644 --- a/act/04/23.md +++ b/act/04/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## came to their own people ## +# General Information: -They went to the other believers. +Speaking together, the people quote a Psalm of David from the Old Testament. -## raised their voices together ## +# General Information: -They were all united in thought and mind. +Here the word "they" refers to the rest of the believers, but not to Peter and John. -## by the mouth of our father David your servant ## +# came to their own people -"through our father David your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The phrase "their own people" refers to the rest of the believers. AT: "went to the other believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## servant ## +# You spoke by the Holy Spirit through the mouth of your servant, our father David -In the Old Testament, God's prophets and other people who worshiped God are often referred to as his “servants.” \ No newline at end of file +This means that the Holy Spirit caused David to speak or write down what God said. + +# through the mouth of your servant, our father David + +Here the word "mouth" refers to the words that David spoke or wrote down. AT: "by the words of your servant, our father David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# our father David + +Here "father" refers to "ancestor/" + +# Why did the Gentile nations rage, and the peoples imagine useless things? + +This is a rhetorical question that emphasizes the futility of opposing God. AT: "The Gentile nations should not have raged, and the peoples should not have imagined useless things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the peoples imagine useless things + +These "useless things" consist of plans to oppose God. AT: "the peoples imagine useless things against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# peoples + +"people groups" or "tribes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/26.md b/act/04/26.md index b3fcd6224c..76cf4f167f 100644 --- a/act/04/26.md +++ b/act/04/26.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Peter continues his quotation from King David in the Psalms that he began in [Acts 4:23](./23.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## set themselves together ## +The believers complete their quotation from King David in the Psalms that they began in [Acts 4:25](./23.md). -"joined their armies together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# The kings of the earth set themselves together, and the rulers gathered together against the Lord + +These two lines mean basically the same thing. The two lines emphasize the combined effort of the earth's rulers to oppose God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# set themselves together ... gathered together + +These two phrases mean that they joined their armies together to fight a battle. AT: "set their armies together ... gathered their troops together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# against the Lord, and against his Christ + +Here the word "Lord" refers to God. In the Psalms, the word "Christ" refers to the Messiah or God's anointed one. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/27.md b/act/04/27.md index da461af5fd..1779562599 100644 --- a/act/04/27.md +++ b/act/04/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -The believers together continue the prayer that they began in [Acts 4:23](./23.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## Herod and Pontius Pilate, together with the Gentiles and the people of Israel ## +The believers continue praying. -In the Psalm, David included only the Gentile nations, but Peter included Israel and their rulers among those who opposed the Messiah. +# in this city -## in this city ## +"this city" refers to Jerusalem. -in Jerusalem +# your holy servant Jesus -## your hand and your desire decided ## +"Jesus who serves you faithfully" -"you decided" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# to do all that your hand and your plan had decided + +Here the word "hand" is used to mean God's power. Additionally, the phrase "your hand and your desire decided" shows God's power and plan. AT: "to do all that you had decided because you are powerful and did all that you planned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/29.md b/act/04/29.md index a8e4a71183..c1b71278e6 100644 --- a/act/04/29.md +++ b/act/04/29.md @@ -1,5 +1,27 @@ -The believers together continue the prayer that they began in [Acts 4:23](./23.md) +# Connecting Statement: -## they spoke the word of God with boldness ## +The believers complete their prayer that they began in [Acts 4:24](./23.md). -This is the result of the disciples being filled with the Holy Spirit. \ No newline at end of file +# look upon their warnings + +Here the words "look upon" are a request for God to take notice of the way in which the Jewish leaders threatened the believers. AT: "notice how they threaten to punish us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Stretch out your hand to heal + +Here the word "hand" refers to God's power. This is a request for God to show how powerful he is. AT: "while you show your power by healing people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# through the name of your holy servant Jesus + +Here the word "name" refers to power and authority. AT: "through the power of your holy servant Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your holy servant Jesus + +"Jesus who serves you faithfully." See how you translated this in [Acts 4:27](./27.md). + +# the place ... was shaken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the place ... shook" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they were all filled with the Holy Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:4](../02/01.md). AT: "The Holy Spirit filled them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/32.md b/act/04/32.md index cdc68c05e0..3c00b83492 100644 --- a/act/04/32.md +++ b/act/04/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## testimony ## +# were of one heart and soul -In the New Testament, this term is often used to refer to how Jesus' followers testified about the events of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection. +Here the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and the word "soul" refers to the emotions. Together they refer to the total person. AT: "thought the same way and wanted the same things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and great grace was upon them all ## +# they had everything in common -Possible meanings: 1) that God was pouring out many gifts and much boldness upon all the believers, or 2) that the believers were held in very high esteem by all the other people in Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +"shared their belongings with one another." See how you translated this in [Acts 2:44](../02/43.md). + +# great grace was upon them all + +Possible meanings are: 1) that God was greatly blessing the believers or 2) that the people in Jerusalem held the believers in very high esteem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/34.md b/act/04/34.md index 636903dd6a..9bc1d3d918 100644 --- a/act/04/34.md +++ b/act/04/34.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## laid it at the apostles’ feet ## +# all who owned title to lands or houses -It was the believers' way to: 1) publicly demonstrate a changed heart, and 2) give the apostles the authority over the distribution of the gift. \ No newline at end of file +The word "all" here is a generalization. AT: "Many people who owned title to lands or houses" or "People who owned title to lands or houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# owned title to lands or houses + +"owned land or houses" + +# the money of the things that were sold + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the money that they received from the things that they sold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# laid it at the apostles' feet + +This means that they presented the money to the apostles. AT: "presented it to the apostles" or "gave it to the apostles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# it was distributed to each one according to their need + +The noun "need" can be translated with a verb. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they distributed the money to each believer who needed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/36.md b/act/04/36.md index 5df3a71cc6..85cad628d4 100644 --- a/act/04/36.md +++ b/act/04/36.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Joseph, a Levite, a man from Cyprus ## +# General Information: -Barnabas is being introduced into the story. It isn't until later that he has a bigger part in Luke's book of Acts. You may need to consider how your language introduces new participants in a story. \ No newline at end of file +Luke introduces Barnabas into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# Son of Encouragement + +The apostles used this name to show that Joseph was a person who encouraged others. "Son of" is an idiom used to describe a person's behavior or character. AT: "Encourager" or "one who encourages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# laid it at the apostles' feet + +This means that they presented to money to the apostles. See how you translated this in [Acts 4:35](./34.md). AT: "presented it to the apostles" or "gave it to the apostles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/04/intro.md b/act/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ae14e15780 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Acts 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:25-26, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Unity ##### +The early church prioritized unity. There was a spirit of unity among the followers of Christ as well as some financial unity. The latter shows a sense of total commitment. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Cornerstone ##### +This is an important metaphor in Scripture. The cornerstone was the first piece of stone put into place when making the foundation of a building. If the cornerstone was out of place or at a wrong angle, then the whole building would be off. This metaphor teaches that Jesus is the proper foundation of faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "For there is no other name under heaven" ##### +The Greek word for "name" indicates that it is not just the word "Jesus" that saves, but his true person. It is the true Jesus, the Son of God, the one who died for the sins of mankind, who is the only way a person can go to heaven. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/01.md b/act/05/01.md index 31633e59e1..2306d793fa 100644 --- a/act/05/01.md +++ b/act/05/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Now ## +# Connecting Statement: -"But now...." This marks a new part of the story. You may translate this in a way that contrasting stories are introduced in your language. +Continuing the story of how the new Christians shared their belongings with other believers, Luke tells about two believers, Ananias and Sapphria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## a certain man ## +# Now -This is a way of introducing a new person. You may translate this in a way people are introduced in a story in your language. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline to tell a new part of the story. -## he kept back part of the sale money ## +# his wife also knew it -He was not honest in reporting the full amount of the sale to the apostles. This implied information can be made explicit: "He secretly kept back part of the sale money." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"his wife also knew that he kept back part of the sale money" -## laid it at the apostles' feet ## +# laid it at the apostles' feet -Putting a gift at the apostles's feet symbolized giving them the authority over how the gift should be used. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## his wife also knew it ## - -This can also be translated as, "his wife also knew and agreed to do it." \ No newline at end of file +This means that they presented to money to the apostles. See how you translated this in [Acts 4:35](../04/34.md). AT: "presented it to the apostles" or "gave it to the apostles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/03.md b/act/05/03.md index 6a44b1c362..0702cf9638 100644 --- a/act/05/03.md +++ b/act/05/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## why has Satan filled your heart ## +# General Information: -Peter used this rhetorical question to rebuke Ananias. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +If your language does not use rhetorical questions, you may reword these as statements. -## did it not remain your own...was it not in your control? ## +# why has Satan filled your heart to lie ... land? -Peter used these rhetorical questions to remind Ananias of things he should have already known: that the money still belonged to Ananias and that it was still in Ananias's control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Peter uses this question to rebuke Ananias. AT: "you should not have let Satan convince you to lie ... land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## How is it that you thought of this thing in your heart? ## +# Satan filled your heart -Peter used this rhetorical question to rebuke Ananias. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here the word "heart" refers to the will and emotions. Possible meanings are 1) "Satan completely controlled you" or 2) "Satan convinced you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## The young men came forward ## +# to lie to the Holy Spirit and to keep back part of the price -Literally, "The young men rose...." This is an expression for initiating action. +This implies that Ananias had told the apostles that he was giving the entire amount that he had received from selling his land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they carried him out and buried him. ## +# While it remained unsold, did it not remain your own? -When one dies, there normally is a process of preparing the body for burial. It appears that this was not the case for Ananias. \ No newline at end of file +Peter uses this question to rebuke Ananias. AT: "While it remained unsold, it was your own possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# While it remained unsold + +"While you had not sold it" + +# after it was sold, was it not in your control? + +Peter uses this question to rebuke Ananias. AT: "after it was sold, you had control over the money that you received." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# after it was sold + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after you sold it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# How is it that you thought of this thing in your heart? + +Peter used this question to rebuke Ananias. Here the word "heart" refers to the will and emotions. AT: "You should not have thought of doing this thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fell down and breathed his last + +Here "breathed his last" means "breathed his final breath" and is a polite way of saying that he died. Ananias fell down because he died; he did not die because he fell down. AT: "died and fell to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/07.md b/act/05/07.md index 94acbfb831..902f98f5be 100644 --- a/act/05/07.md +++ b/act/05/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## what had happened ## +# his wife came in -"that her husband had died" \ No newline at end of file +"Ananias' wife came in" or "Sapphira came in" + +# what had happened + +"that her husband had died" + +# for so much + +"for this much money." This refers to the amount of money that Ananias had given to the apostles. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/09.md b/act/05/09.md index 823c0afb9d..6140ffcf91 100644 --- a/act/05/09.md +++ b/act/05/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## How is it that you have agreed together to test the Spirit of the Lord? ## +# Connecting Statement: -This could also be translated as a strong statement. AT: "You have agreed together to test the Spirit!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This is the end of the part of the story about Ananias and Sapphira. -## breathed her last ## +# General Information: -This is a more gentle way of saying that "she died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to both Ananias and Sapphira. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## The feet of those ## +# How is it that you have agreed together to test the Spirit of the Lord? -Here "the feet" refer to the men who buried Ananias. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Peter asks this question to rebuke Sapphira. AT: "You should not have agreed together to test the Spirit of the Lord!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you have agreed together + +"the two of you have agreed together" + +# to test the Spirit of the Lord + +Here the word "test" means to challenge or to prove. They were trying to see if they could get away with lying to God without receiving punishment. + +# the feet of the men who buried your husband + +Here the phrase "the feet" refers to the men. AT: "the men who have buried your husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# fell down at his feet + +This means that when she died, she fell on the floor in front of Peter. This expression should not be confused with falling down at a person's feet as a sign of humility. + +# breathed her last + +Here "breathed his last" means "breathed her final breath" and is a polite way of saying "she died." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 5:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/12.md b/act/05/12.md index 01daf3e825..a591fbec22 100644 --- a/act/05/12.md +++ b/act/05/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## no one else ## +# Connecting Statement: -"no other person who was not a part of the church" +Luke continues to tell what happens in the early days of the church. -## Solomon’s porch ## +# General Information: -This area is located inside the temple courtyard. +Here the words "They" and "they" refer to the believers. -## high esteem ## +# Many signs and wonders were taking place among the people through the hands of the apostles -"great awe and respect" \ No newline at end of file +or "Many signs and wonders took place among the people through the hands of the apostles." This can be stated in active form. AT: "The apostles performed many signs and wonders among the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# signs and wonders + +"supernatural events and miraculous deeds." See how you translated these terms in [Acts 2:22](../02/22.md) + +# through the hands of the apostles + +Here the word "hands" refers to the apostles. AT: "through the apostles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Solomon's Porch + +This was a covered walkway that consisted of rows of pillars that supported a roof, and which people named after king Solomon. See how you translated "the porch that is called Solomon's" in [Acts 3:11](../03/11.md). + +# they were held in high esteem by the people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people held the believers in high esteem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/14.md b/act/05/14.md index f8f253bd5e..9b8788b475 100644 --- a/act/05/14.md +++ b/act/05/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## his shadow might fall on some of them ## +# General Information: -It is implied that they would be healed if Peter's shadow touched them. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "they" refers to the people who lived in Jerusalem. + +# more believers were being added to the Lord + +This could be stated in active form. See how you translated "were added" in [Acts 2:41](../02/40.md). AT: "more people were believing in the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his shadow might fall on some of them + +It is implied that God would heal them if Peter's shadow touched them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those afflicted with unclean spirits + +"those whom unclean spirits had afflicted" + +# they were all healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God healed them all" or "the apostles healed them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/17.md b/act/05/17.md index 127af357f9..b61b118efd 100644 --- a/act/05/17.md +++ b/act/05/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## But ## +# Connecting Statement: + +The religious leaders began to persecute the believers. + +# But This begins a contrasting story. You may translate this in the way that your language introduces a contrasting narrative. -## jealousy ## +# the high priest rose up -"envy" or "resentment" +Here the phrase "rose up" means that the high priest decided to take action, not that he stood up from a seated position. AT: "the high priest took action" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## laid hands on the apostles ## +# they were filled with jealousy -"seized the apostles," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "jealousy" can be translated as an adjective. This could be stated in active form. AT: "they became very jealous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# laid hands on the apostles + +This means that they seized the apostles by force. They would have ordered guards to do this. AT: "had the guards arrest the apostles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/19.md b/act/05/19.md index 66cf597e39..e77230bcb1 100644 --- a/act/05/19.md +++ b/act/05/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## led them out ## +# General Information: -"led the apostles out of the jail" +Here the words "them" and "they" refer to the apostles. -## about daybreak ## +# in the temple ... into the temple -The temple was closed at night. The apostles obeyed the angel as soon as possible. +They did not go into the temple building where only the priests were allowed. AT: "in the temple courtyard ... into the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## council ## +# all the words of this Life -The council that is referred to here is the most important Jewish Council, which was also known as the Sanhedrin. \ No newline at end of file +This is a reference to the gospel message that the apostles had already proclaimed. Possible meanings are 1) "all this message of eternal life" or 2) "the whole message of this new way of living" + +# about daybreak + +"as it began to be light." Although the angel led them out of the jail during the night, the sun was rising by the time the apostles reached the temple courtyard. + +# sent to the jail to have the apostles brought + +This implies someone went to the jail. AT: "sent someone to the jail to bring the apostles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/22.md b/act/05/22.md index 4eeebc78f5..eda2e4b8bf 100644 --- a/act/05/22.md +++ b/act/05/22.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no Translation Notes for this section. \ No newline at end of file +# we found no one inside + +The words "no one" refer to the apostles. This implies that there was no one else in the jail cell besides the apostles. AT: "we did not find them inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/24.md b/act/05/24.md index 958ffe6901..fd901c44ef 100644 --- a/act/05/24.md +++ b/act/05/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## were much perplexed ## +# General Information: -"were puzzled" or "were confused" +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the captain of the temple and the chief priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## concerning them ## +# they were much perplexed -"concerning the words they had just heard" (the report that the apostles were missing from the jail) +"they were very puzzled" or "they were very confused" -## whom you put ## +# concerning them -The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +"concerning the words they had just heard" or "concerning these things" + +# what would come of it + +"and what would happen as a result" + +# standing in the temple + +They did not go into the part of the temple building where only the priests were allowed. AT: "standing in the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/26.md b/act/05/26.md index 2d312d1224..473778d7db 100644 --- a/act/05/26.md +++ b/act/05/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## council ## +# Connecting Statement: -This was the most important Jewish Council, which was also known as the Sanhedrin. +The captain and the officers bring the apostles before the Jewish religious council. -## Bring this man's blood upon us ## +# General Information: -"hold us responsible for the death of this man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "they" in this section refers to the captain and the officers. In the phrase "feared that the people might stone them" the word "them" refers to the captain and the officers. All other occurrences of "them" in this chunk refer to the apostles. -## charged you ## +# General Information: -Here the word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## you have filled ## +# they feared -you have filled The word "you" here is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +"they were afraid" + +# in this name + +Here the word "name" refers to the person of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Acts 4:17](../04/15.md). AT: "not to speak anymore about this person, Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have filled Jerusalem with your teaching + +Teaching many people in a city is spoken of as if they were filling the city with a teaching. AT: "you have taught many people in Jerusalem about him" or "you have taught about him throughout the Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# desire to bring this man's blood upon us + +Here the word "blood" is a metonym for death, and to bring someone's blood on people is a metaphor for saying that they are guilty of that person's death. AT: "desire to make us responsible for this man's death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/29.md b/act/05/29.md index 65910846a0..16e441197d 100644 --- a/act/05/29.md +++ b/act/05/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## give repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins ## +# General Information: -This could also be translated as, "give Israel the opportunity to turn from their sin and receive forgiveness for their sins". +Here the word "We" refers to the apostles, and not to the audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## So is the Holy Spirit ## +# Peter and the apostles answered -The Holy Spirit is spoken of as a person who can testify to validate the miraculous work of Jesus \ No newline at end of file +Peter spoke on behalf of all of the apostles when he said the following words. + +# by hanging him on a tree + +Here Peter uses the word "tree" to refer to the cross which was made out of wood. AT: "by hanging him on a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# give repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins + +The words "repentance" and "forgiveness" can be translated as verbs. AT: "give the people of Israel an opportunity to repent and have God forgive their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Israel + +The word "Israel" refers to the Jewish people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those who obey him + +"those who submit to God's authority" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/33.md b/act/05/33.md index fcf6796f17..bd858789ce 100644 --- a/act/05/33.md +++ b/act/05/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## council ## +# Connecting Statement: -This was the most important Jewish Council, which was also known at the Sanhedrin. +Gamaliel addresses the council members. -## they were furious ## +# Gamaliel, a teacher of the law, who was honored by all the people -The council members became exceedingly angry at the apostles for rebuking them. \ No newline at end of file +Luke introduces Gamaliel and provides background information about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# who was honored by all the people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom all the people honored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# commanded the apostles to be taken outside + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "commanded the guards to take the apostles outside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/35.md b/act/05/35.md index 3dce66575f..4a886598f5 100644 --- a/act/05/35.md +++ b/act/05/35.md @@ -1,3 +1,35 @@ -## pay close attention to ## +# pay close attention to -"think carefully about" (UDB), or "be cautious about" \ No newline at end of file +"think carefully about" or "be cautious about." Gamaliel was warning them not to do something that they would later regret. + +# Theudas rose up + +Possible meanings are 1) "Theudas rebelled" or 2) "Theudas appeared." + +# claiming to be somebody + +"claiming to be somebody important" + +# He was killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all who had been obeying him were scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the people scattered who had been obeying him" or "all who had been obeying him went in different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# came to nothing + +This means that they did not do what they had planned to do. + +# After this man + +"After Theudas" + +# in the days of the census + +"during the time of the census" + +# drew away some people after him + +This means that he persuaded some people to rebel with him against the Roman government. AT: "caused many people to follow him" or "caused many people to join him in rebellion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/38.md b/act/05/38.md index f8a0adafea..e1e856eec0 100644 --- a/act/05/38.md +++ b/act/05/38.md @@ -1 +1,23 @@ -Gamaliel continues the advice that he began in [Acts 5:35](./35.md). \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Gamaliel finishes addressing the council members. Though they beat the apostles, command them not to teach about Jesus, and let them go, the disciples continue to teach and preach. + +# keep away from these men and let them alone + +Gamaliel is telling the Jewish leaders no to punish the apostles any more or to put them back in jail. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# if this plan or work is of men + +"if men have devised this plan or are doing this work" + +# it will be overthrown + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone will overthrow it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if it is of God + +Here the word "it" refers to "this plan or work." AT: "if God has devised this plan or commanded these men to do this work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# So they were persuaded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So Gamaliel persuaded them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/40.md b/act/05/40.md index dd66d91f8f..e719ec301a 100644 --- a/act/05/40.md +++ b/act/05/40.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## council ## +# General Information: -This was the most important Jewish Council, which was also known as the Sanhedrin. +Here first word "they" refers to the council members. The rest of the words "them," "They," and "they" refer to the apostles. -## counted worthy ## +# they called the apostles in and beat them -It was a privilege to suffer disgrace for Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +The council members would have ordered the temple guards to do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to speak in the name of Jesus + +Here "name" refers to the authority of Jesus. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 4:18](../04/15.md). AT: "to speak anymore in the authority of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they were counted worthy to suffer dishonor for the Name + +The apostles rejoiced because God had honored them by letting the Jewish leaders dishonor them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God had counted them worthy to suffer dishonor for the Name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the Name + +Here "the Name" refers to Jesus. AT: "for Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Thereafter every day + +"After that day, every day." This phrase marks what the apostles did every day through the following days. + +# in the temple and from house to house + +They did not go into the temple building where only the priests went. AT: "in the temple courtyard and in different people's houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/05/intro.md b/act/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6d43b6afc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Acts 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit" ##### +This is a theologically difficult phrase. Satan controlled the hearts of Ananias and Sapphira. Scholars have debated whether these two were Christians or non-Christians. The meaning of "filled" can be translated as "completely controlled" or simply "controlled" or "guided." This will affect one's interpretation of this verse. + +##### Jail ##### +The Jewish council had the responsibility of maintaining order in Israel as well as administering justice. Apparently, they had the ability to put people in prison to maintain peace. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/06/01.md b/act/06/01.md index 0fbd080db1..1531efdee0 100644 --- a/act/06/01.md +++ b/act/06/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## Now in these days ## +# General Information: -This is introducing a new episode. You will need to consider how you start new episodes in your language. +This is the beginning of a new part of the story. Luke gives important background information to understand the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## disciple ## +# Now in these days -Anyone who believes in Jesus and obeys his teachings is called a disciple of Jesus. +Consider how new parts of a story are introduced in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## multiplying ## +# multiplying "greatly increasing" -## Grecian Jews ## +# Grecian Jews These were Jews who had lived most of their lives somewhere in the Roman Empire outside of Israel, and had grown up speaking Greek. Their language and culture were somewhat different from those who had grown up in Israel. -## the Hebrews ## +# the Hebrews -These were Jews who had grown up in Israel speaking Aramaic. The church consisted of only Jews and converts to Judaism so far. +These were Jews who had grown up in Israel speaking Hebrew or Aramaic. The church consisted of only Jews and converts to Judaism so far. -## widow ## +# widows -A true widow was a woman whose husband had died, was too old to get married again, and did not have any relatives to care for her. +women whose husband has died -## daily distribution of food ## +# their widows were being overlooked -The money that was being given to the apostles was used in part to buy food for the early church widows. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Hebrew believers were overlooking the Grecian widows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## being overlooked ## +# being overlooked -"being ignored" or "being forgotten". There were so many who needed help that some were missed. \ No newline at end of file +"being ignored" or "being forgotten." There were so many who needed help that some were missed. + +# daily distribution of food + +The money that was being given to the apostles was used in part to buy food for the early church widows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/06/02.md b/act/06/02.md index 6653d6ade4..8495608d3e 100644 --- a/act/06/02.md +++ b/act/06/02.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## disciple ## +# General Information: -Anyone who believes in Jesus and obeys his teachings is called a disciple of Jesus. +Here the word "you" refers to the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## serve tables ## +# General Information: -This is metonymy for serving food to the people. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The words "us" and "we" here refer to the 12 apostles. Where applicable, use the exclusive form in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## men of good reputation, full of the Spirit and of wisdom ## +# The twelve -Possible meanings are 1) the men have three qualities -- a good reputation, being full of the Spirit, and being full of wisdom, or 2) the men have a reputation for two qualities-- being full of the Spirit, and being full of wisdom (UDB). +This refers to the eleven apostles plus Matthias, who was selected in [Acts 1:26](../01/24.md). -## good reputation ## +# the multitude of the disciples -“men that people know are good” or “men whom people trust” +"all of the disciples" or "all the believers" -## us...we ## +# give up the word of God -where applicable, use the exclusive form in your language. +This is an exaggeration in order to emphasize the importance of their task of teaching the word of God. AT: "stop preaching and teaching the word of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## you ## +# serve tables -where applicable, use the plural form in your language. \ No newline at end of file +This is a phrase meaning to serve food to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# men of good reputation, full of the Spirit and of wisdom + +Possible meanings are 1) the men have three qualities—a good reputation, being full of the Spirit, and being full of wisdom or 2) the men have a reputation for two qualities—being full of the Spirit, and being full of wisdom . + +# men of good reputation + +"men that people know are good" or "men whom people trust" + +# over this business + +"to be responsible to do this task" + +# the ministry of the word + +It may be helpful to add more information. AT: "the ministry of teaching and preaching the word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/06/05.md b/act/06/05.md index 59cb9850a7..570d97965d 100644 --- a/act/06/05.md +++ b/act/06/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Their speech pleased ## +# Their speech pleased the whole multitude -Their speech was accepted +"All the disciples liked their suggestion" -## Stephen…and Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolaus, a proselyte from Antioch - ## +# Stephen ... and Nicolaus -** These are Greek names, and suggest that the men elected were mostly or entirely from the Grecian Jewish group of believers. +These are Greek names, and suggest that all of the men elected were from the Grecian Jewish group of believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## proselyte ## +# proselyte a Gentile who converted to the Jewish religion -## placed their hands upon them ## +# placed their hands upon them -giving a blessing and imparting responsibility and authority to the work of the seven \ No newline at end of file +This represented giving a blessing and imparting responsibility and authority for the work to the seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/06/07.md b/act/06/07.md index 39ab05bb15..ee8e66c21f 100644 --- a/act/06/07.md +++ b/act/06/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## word of God increased ## +# General Information: -Its impact became more wide spread +This verse gives an update on the church's growth. -## of the disciples ## +# word of God continued to spread -of whose who obeyed and followed Jesus +This speaks of the growing number of people who believed the word as if the word of God was increasing. AT: "the number of people who believed the word of God increased" -## obedient to the faith ## +# became obedient to the faith -"followed the way of the new belief" \ No newline at end of file +"followed the teaching of the new belief" + +# the faith + +Possible meanings are 1) the gospel message of trust in Jesus or 2) the teaching of the church or 3) the Christian teaching. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/06/08.md b/act/06/08.md index 4a6ae0487b..1e795ced99 100644 --- a/act/06/08.md +++ b/act/06/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## synagogue of the Freedmen ## +# Connecting Statement: -slaves from these different locations. It is unclear if the other people listed were part of the synagogue or just participated in the debate with Stephen. +This is the beginning of a new part of the story. -## debating with Stephen ## +# General Information: -"arguing with Stephen" (UDB) or "discussing with Stephen" \ No newline at end of file +These verses give background information about Stephen and other people that is important to understanding the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Now Stephen + +This introduces Stephen as the main character in this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# Stephen, full of grace and power, was doing + +The words "grace" and "power" here refer to power from God. This could be stated explicitly. AT: "God was giving Stephen power to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# synagogue of the Freedmen + +"Freedmen" were probably ex-slaves from these different locations. It is unclear if the other people listed were part of the synagogue or just participated in the debate with Stephen. + +# debating with Stephen + +"arguing with Stephen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/06/10.md b/act/06/10.md index e50ef183f9..bf40a37cd8 100644 --- a/act/06/10.md +++ b/act/06/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## not able to stand ## +# Connecting Statement: -"could not argue against" +The background information that began in [Acts 6:8](./08.md) continues through verse 10. -## Spirit ## +# General Information: + +Here the word "We" refers only to the men they persuaded to lie. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# General Information: + +The word "they" refers back to the people from the synagogue of the freemen in [Acts 6:9](./08.md). + +# not able to stand against + +This phrase means they could not prove false what he said. AT: "could not argue against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Spirit "Holy Spirit" -## secretly persuaded ## +# some men to say -"secretly convinced" +They were given money to give false testimony. AT: "some men to lie and say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## blasphemous words ## +# blasphemous words against -This can be translated as, "words against the law of God and Moses." \ No newline at end of file +"bad things about" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/06/12.md b/act/06/12.md index 4b5aad62ed..c81dd739db 100644 --- a/act/06/12.md +++ b/act/06/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## incited the people ## +# General Information: -stirred the people up to be angry +Each use of word "they" most likely refers back to the people from the synagogue of the Freedmen in [Acts 6:9](./08.md). They were responsible for the false witnesses and for inciting the council, the elders, the scribes, and the other people. -## seized ## +# General Information: + +Here the word "we" refers only to the false witness that they brought to testify. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# stirred up the people, the elders, and the scribes + +"caused the people, the elders, and the scribes to be very angry at Stephen" + +# seized "grabbed" -## council ## +# does not stop speaking -This was the most important Jewish Council, which was called the Sanhedrin. +"continually speaks" -## fixed their eyes on him ## +# handed down to us -"looked intently at him". This is an idiom for "staring at him." (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The phrase "handed down" means "passed on." AT: "taught our ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## was like the face of an angel - ## +# fixed their eyes on him -** This is a simile like comparison with the point of similarity likely being "shining" which is not mentioned. It could be translated as "was shining like the face of an angel" (UDB). (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that means they looked intently at him. Here "eyes" is a metonym for sight. AT: "looked intently at him" or "stared at him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# was like the face of an angel + +This phrase compares his face to that of an angel but does not say specifically what they have in common. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/06/intro.md b/act/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4a38b96ff1 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Acts 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Favoritism ##### +There was priority given to those in need based on where they were from. The Jewish widows (who were probably Jewish Christians) from Israel were given priority over the Jewish widows (who were probably Jewish Christians) from Greece. + +##### Deacons ##### +The church establishes leaders to serve over the practical needs of the church. This is probably the practice that lead to the formation of the office of deacon, described elsewhere in the New Testament. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "His face was like the face of an angel" ##### +All cultures have different images associated with angels. It is important to avoid these connotations present in the background of the translator's culture. It is possible that his face was "shining" like an angel; regardless, it is probably an indication of his holiness or righteousness in the midst of this trial. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] or [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/01.md b/act/07/01.md index 9b2abe5dc2..4ced560539 100644 --- a/act/07/01.md +++ b/act/07/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Brothers and fathers, listen to me ## +# Connecting Statement: -Stephen was being very repectful to the counsel in greeting them as extended family. +The part of the story about Stephen, which began in [Acts 6:8](../06/08.md), continues. Stephen begins his response to the high priest and the council by talking about things that happened in Israel's history. Most of this history comes from Moses' writings. -## our father ## +# General Information: -Stephen was including his audience in reference to "our father Abraham" +The word "our" includes both Steven, the Jewish council to whom he spoke, and the entire audience. The word "your" is singular refers to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Leave your Land and your relatives ## +# Brothers and fathers, listen to me -"your" is referring to Abraham (singular). \ No newline at end of file +Stephen was being very respectful to the council in greeting them as extended family. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/04.md b/act/07/04.md index 08fdda1af3..8186975e89 100644 --- a/act/07/04.md +++ b/act/07/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [Acts 7:1](./01.md). +# General Information: -## Where you live now ## +In verse 4 the words "he," "his," and "him" refer to Abraham. In verse 5 the words "He" and "he" refer to God, but the word "him" refers to Abraham. -"You" is the Jewish counsel and audience. +# General Information: -## as a possession to him ## +Here the word "you" refers to the Jewish council and audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -That the land will forever belong to Abraham. \ No newline at end of file +# He gave none of it + +"He did not give any of it" + +# enough to set a foot on + +Possible meanings for this phrase are 1) enough ground to stand on or 2) enough ground to take a step. AT: "a very tiny piece of ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# as a possession to him and to his descendants after him + +"for Abraham to own and to give to his descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/06.md b/act/07/06.md index 3b2ee0a61e..79b17bd7e6 100644 --- a/act/07/06.md +++ b/act/07/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [Acts 7:1](./01.md). +# God was speaking to him like this -## to which they will be slaves - ## +It may be helpful to state that this occurred later than the statement in the previous verse. AT: "Later God told Abraham" -**"to which your descendants will be slaves" +# four hundred years -## so Abraham became the father of Isaac… ## +"400 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -The story transitions to Abraham's descendents. \ No newline at end of file +# I will judge the nation + +"nation" refers to the people in it. AT: "I will judge the people of the nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the nation that they serve + +"the nation that they will serve" + +# gave Abraham the covenant of circumcision + +The Jews would have understood that this covenant required Abraham to circumcise the males of his family. AT: "made a covenant with Abraham to circumcise the males of his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so Abraham became the father of Isaac + +The story transitions to Abraham's descendants. + +# Jacob the father + +"Jacob became the father." Stephen shortened this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/09.md b/act/07/09.md index fd2ee8a3f6..cd8552383a 100644 --- a/act/07/09.md +++ b/act/07/09.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [Acts 7:1](./01.md). +# the patriarchs -## The patriarchs ## +"Jacob's older sons" or "Joseph's older brothers" -"Jacob's older sons" or "Joseph's older brothers" \ No newline at end of file +# sold him into Egypt + +The Jews knew their ancestors sold Joseph to be a slave in Egypt. AT: "sold him as a slave in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# was with him + +This is an idiom for helping someone. AT: "helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# over Egypt + +This refers to the people of Egypt. AT: "over all the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all his household + +This refers to all his possessions. AT: "everything he owned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/11.md b/act/07/11.md index db7652eaaf..53eac369bf 100644 --- a/act/07/11.md +++ b/act/07/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [Acts 7:1](./01.md). +# there came a famine -## there came a famine ## +"a famine came." The ground stopped producing food. -"a famine came". The ground stopped producing food. +# our fathers -## our forefathers ## +This refers Jacob and his sons, who were the ancestors of the Jewish people. -"Joseph's older brothers" +# grain -## grain ## +Grain was the most common food at that time. -This could also be translated as "food." +# our fathers ... his brothers -## showed himself ## +Both of these phrases refer to Joseph's older brothers. The UDB makes this explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Joseph revealed to his brothers his identity as their brother. \ No newline at end of file +# On their second trip + +"On their next trip" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# made himself known + +Joseph revealed to his brothers his identity as their brother. + +# Joseph's family became known to Pharaoh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Pharaoh learned that they were Joseph's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/14.md b/act/07/14.md index cac943c131..817ee821cd 100644 --- a/act/07/14.md +++ b/act/07/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [Acts 7:1](./01.md). +# sent his brothers back -## himself and our forefathers ## +"sent his brothers back to Canaan" or "sent his brothers back home" -"Jacob and his sons, our forefathers" +# he died -## They were carried over to ## +Make sure it does not sound as though he died as soon as he arrived in Egypt. AT: "eventually Jacob died" -"Jacob's descendants carried Jacob's body and his son's bodies over to" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# he and our fathers -## for a price of silver ## +"Jacob and his sons who became our ancestors" -with money \ No newline at end of file +# They were carried over ... and laid + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jacob's descendants carried Jacob's body and his son's bodies over ... and buried them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for a price in silver + +"with money" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/17.md b/act/07/17.md index cb5849c99d..c0d816ab38 100644 --- a/act/07/17.md +++ b/act/07/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [Acts 7:1](./01.md). +# General Information: -## time of the promise ## +The word "our" includes Stephen and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# As the time of the promise ... the people grew and multiplied + +In some languages it may be helpful to say that the people increased in number before saying that the time of the promise arrived. + +# time of the promise approached It was close to the time that God would fulfill his promise to Abraham. -## who did not know about Joseph ## +# there arose another king -This is metonymy. "Joseph" was substituted for "Joseph greatly helping the people of Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"another king began to rule" -## our people ## +# over Egypt -"Our" includes Stephen and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +"Egypt" refers to the people of Egypt. AT: "the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## ill-treated ## +# who did not know about Joseph -treated** - "treated poorly" or “took advantage of" +"Joseph" refers to the reputation of Joseph. AT: "who did not know that Joseph had helped Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## throw out their infants ## +# treated our fathers so badly -To abandon their infants so that the infants would die \ No newline at end of file +"treated our ancestors so poorly" or "took advantage of our ancestors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/20.md b/act/07/20.md index b5b9e7204e..3f6ac96886 100644 --- a/act/07/20.md +++ b/act/07/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [Acts 7:1](./01.md). +# At that time Moses was born -## At that time ## +This introduces Moses into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -This is an expression to introduce a new person, Moses. +# very beautiful before God -## very beautiful before God ## +This phrase is an idiom that means Moses was very beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"before God" is a superlative for stating Moses was exceedingly beautiful. +# was nourished -## When he was thrown out ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his parents nourished him" or "his parents cared for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"when he was thrown out according to Pharaoh's command" was understood. +# When he was placed outside -## took him over ## +Moses was "placed outside" because of Pharaoh's command. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When his parents placed him outside" or "When they abandoned him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"adopted him" (probably unofficially) - -## as her own son ## +# as her own son "as if he were her own son" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/22.md b/act/07/22.md index 9c59e8087a..a301a62d8b 100644 --- a/act/07/22.md +++ b/act/07/22.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [Acts 7:1](./01.md). +# Moses was educated -## Moses was educated ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Egyptians educated Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"the Egyptians educated Moses". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# all the wisdom of the Egyptians -## all the learning of the Egyptians ## +This is an exaggeration to emphasize that he was trained in the best schools in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -This is an exaggeration for "many things that the Egyptians knew." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# mighty in his words and works -## mighty in his words and works ## +"effective in his speech and actions" or "influential in what he said and did" -"effective in action and speech", or "powerful in words and actions" (UDB), or "influential in what he did and said" +# it came into his heart -## visit his brothers ## +"he thought about and decided." This is an idiom that means "he decided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -To investigate their living conditions +# visit his brothers, the children of Israel -## striking the Egyptian ## +This refers to his people, and not just to his family. AT: "see how his own people, the children of Israel, were doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Seeing an Israelite being mistreated ... the Egyptian + +This can be stated in active form by rearranging the order. AT: "Seeing an Egyptian mistreating an Israelite, Moses defended and avenged the Israelite by striking the Egyptian who was oppressing him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# striking the Egyptian Moses hit the Egyptian so hard that he died. -## he thought ## +# he thought -He imagined +"he imagined" -## by his hand ## +# by his hand was rescuing them -through him - -## was rescuing them ## - -This could also be translated, "was rescuing them right then." \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" refers to the actions of Moses. AT: "was rescuing them through what Moses was doing" or "was using the actions of Moses to rescue them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/26.md b/act/07/26.md index 7ccde53e01..3167a86b12 100644 --- a/act/07/26.md +++ b/act/07/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [Acts 7:1](./01.md). +# General Information: -## Sirs, you are brothers ## +Here the word "us" refers to the Israelites but does not include Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -This is addressing the two israelites fighting. +# some Israelites -## wronged ## +The audience would have known from the account in Exodus that these were two men, but Stephen does not specify that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -To wrong someone is to treat that person unjustly or dishonestly. +# put them at peace with each other -## Who made you a ruler and a judge over us? ## +"make them stop fighting" -This a rhetorical question was used to rebuke Moses. It means “You have no authority over us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Men, you are brothers -## judge over us? ## +Moses was addressing the Israelites who were fighting. -The Israelite excluded Moses as part of them. \ No newline at end of file +# why are you hurting one another? + +Moses asked this question to encourage them to stop fighting. AT: "you should not hurt each other!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who made you a ruler and a judge over us? + +The man used this question to rebuke Moses. AT: "You have no authority over us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Would you like to kill me, as you killed the Egyptian yesterday? + +The man used this question to warn Moses that he and probably others knew Moses had killed the Egyptian. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/29.md b/act/07/29.md index 3185f19e81..d12bce6e42 100644 --- a/act/07/29.md +++ b/act/07/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [Acts 7:1](./01.md). +# General Information: -## after hearing this ## +Stephen's audience already knew that Moses had married a Midianite woman when he fled Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -The implied information is, "Moses heard that the Israelites knew he killed an Egyptian the day before." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# after hearing this -## father of two sons ## +The implied information is that Moses understood that the Israelites knew that he had killed an Egyptian the day before ([Acts 7:28](./26.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Stephen's audience already knew "Moses married a Midianite woman." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# When forty years were past -## When forty years were past ## +"After 40 years passed." This was the amount of time Moses had been in Midian. AT: "Forty years after Moses fled from Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"When Forty years past after Moses fled Egypt". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# an angel appeared + +Stephen's audience knew that God spoke through the angel. The UDB makes this explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/31.md b/act/07/31.md index e6a6f8cb35..da1843d19d 100644 --- a/act/07/31.md +++ b/act/07/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [Acts 7:1](./01.md). +# he marveled at the sight -## he marvelled at the sight ## +Moses was surprised that the bush was not burning up in the fire. This was previously known by Stephen's audience. AT: "because the bush was not burning up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Moses was surprised that the bush was not burning up in the fire. This was previously known by Stephen's audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# as he approached to look at it ... Moses trembled and did not dare to look -## as he approached to look at it…trembled and did not dare to look ## +This may mean Moses initially drew close to the bush to investigate, but then drew back in fear when he heard the voice. -This may mean Moses initially drew close to the bush to investigate but then drew back in fear. +# I am the God of your fathers -## trembled ## +"I am the God whom your ancestors worshiped" -Moses shook from fear. \ No newline at end of file +# Moses trembled + +Moses shook from fear. This can be made clear. AT: "Moses trembled with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/33.md b/act/07/33.md index 3e65167347..82ed789fe3 100644 --- a/act/07/33.md +++ b/act/07/33.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [Acts 7:1](./01.md). +# Take off the sandals -## for the place you are standing on is holy ground ## +God told Moses this so he would honor God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -The implied information is that where God is present, the immediate area around God is considered or made holy by God. (See :[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# for the place where you are standing is holy ground -## certainly seen ## +The implied information is that where God is present, the immediate area around God is considered or made holy by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -adds emphasis to "seen" +# certainly seen -## my people ## +"seen for sure." The word certainly adds emphasis to seen. -The descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob +# my people -## I have come down ## +The word "my" emphasizes that these people belonged to God. AT: "the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob" -will personally see to their release \ No newline at end of file +# I have come down to rescue them + +"will personally cause their release" + +# now come + +"get ready." God uses an order here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/35.md b/act/07/35.md index 674b227c06..7e609dfc2a 100644 --- a/act/07/35.md +++ b/act/07/35.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [Acts 7:1](./01.md). -38 contains a series of connected phrases referring to Moses. Each phrase begins with statements such as "This Moses" or "This same Moses" or "This is the man" or "It is the same Moses." If possible, use similar statements to emphasize Moses. +# General Information: -## This Moses whom they rejected ## +Verses 35-38 contains a series of connected phrases referring to Moses. Each phrase begins with statements such as "This Moses" or "This same Moses" or "This is the man" or "It is the same Moses." If possible, use similar statements to emphasize Moses. -This refers back to the events recorded in [Acts 7:26](./26.md). +# General Information: -## Who made you a ruler and a judge? ## +After the Israelites left Egypt, they spent 40 years wandering around the wilderness before God led them into the land he had promised them. -See how you translated this in [Acts 7:26](./26.md). +# This Moses whom they rejected -## as a ruler and deliverer ## +This refers back to the events recorded in [Acts 7:27-28](./26.md). + +# Who made you a ruler and a judge? + +This question was used to rebuke Moses. See how you translated this rhetorical question in [Acts 7:27](./26.md). AT: "You have no authority over us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a ruler and deliverer "to rule over them and to free them from being slaves" -## by the hand of the angel ## +# by the hand of the angel ... bush -"by means of the angel" +The hand is a metonym for the action performed by the person. In this case, the angel had commanded Moses to return to Egypt. Stephen speaks as if the angel had a physical hand. You may need to make explicit what action the angel did. AT: "by the action of the angel" or "by having the angel ... bush command him to return to Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## during forty years ## +# during forty years -"during the forty years that the Israelite people lived in the wilderness" (UDB) +Stephen's audience knew about the forty years the Israelites spent in the wilderness. AT: "during the 40 years that the Israelite people lived in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## from among your brothers ## +# raise up a prophet -"from among your own people" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"cause another man to be a prophet" + +# from among your brothers + +"from among your own people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/38.md b/act/07/38.md index e0267f2122..8415ec9522 100644 --- a/act/07/38.md +++ b/act/07/38.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Stephen discusses Moses in his defense before the Jewish council. +# General Information: -## This is the man who was in the assembly ## +The quotation in verse 40 is from the writings of Moses. -"This is the man Moses who was among the Israelites" (UDB) +# This is the man who was in the assembly -## this is the man who received living words to give us ## +"This is the man Moses who was among the Israelites" -This could be translated in active form as "this is the man to whom God spoke living words to give to us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# This is the man -## living words ## +The phrase "This is the man" throughout this passage refers to Moses. + +# this is the man who received living words to give to us + +God was the one who gave those words. AT: "this is the man to whom God spoke living words to give to us" + +# living words Possible meanings are 1) "a message that endures" or 2) "words that give life." -## pushed him away from themselves ## +# pushed him away from themselves -This metaphor emphasizes their rejection of Moses. It can be translated as "they rejected him as their leader" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This metaphor emphasizes their rejection of Moses. AT: "they rejected him as their leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## At that time ## +# in their hearts they turned back + +To do something in the heart is a metonym for desiring to to something. AT: "they desired to turn back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# At that time "When they decided to return to Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/41.md b/act/07/41.md index 83dedeee15..3fc9decb08 100644 --- a/act/07/41.md +++ b/act/07/41.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [Acts 7:1](./01.md). +# General Information: -## they made a calf ## +Stephen's quotation here is from the prophet Amos. -"they made a statue that looked like a calf" +# they made a calf -## to serve the host of heaven ## +Stephen's audience knew the calf they made was a statue. AT: "they made a statue that looked like a calf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"to serve the lights in the sky" +# a calf ... the idol ... the work of their hands -## O house of Israel ## +These phrases all refer to the same statue of the calf. -This is a metonym for the whole nation of Israel. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# God turned -## Did you offer to me slain beasts and sacrifices … ## +"God turned away." This action expresses that God was not pleased with the people and no longer helped them. AT: "God stopped correcting them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -This is a rhetorical question stating that their sacrifices were not offerings to God. This can be translated as "You did not offer to me slain beasts and sacrifices …." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# gave them up + +"abandoned them" + +# the stars in the sky + +Possible meanings for the original phrase are 1) the stars only or 2) the sun, moon, and stars. + +# the book of the prophets + +This was apparently a collection of the writings of several of the Old Testament prophets into one scroll. It would also have included the writings of Amo. + +# Did you offer to me slain beasts and sacrifices ... Israel? + +God asked this question to show Israel they did not worship Him with their sacrifices. AT: "You did not honor me when you offered slain beasts and sacrifices ... Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# house of Israel + +This refers to the whole nation of Israel. AT: "all you Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/43.md b/act/07/43.md index f546cfa558..4e5a3d6501 100644 --- a/act/07/43.md +++ b/act/07/43.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -27]] that he started in [Acts 7:41](./41.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## tabernacle of Molech ## +Stephen continues his response to the high priest and the council which he began in [Acts 7:2](./01.md). -The tabernacle or tent that housed the false god Molech +# General Information: -## the star of the god Rephan ## +The quotation from the prophet Amos continues here. -the star that is identified to the false god Rephan +# You accepted -## Images that you made ## +It is implied that they took these idols with them as they traveled in the wilderness. AT: "you carried with you from place to place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -They made statues or images of the gods Molech and Rephan for the purpose to worship them. +# tabernacle of Molech -## I will carry you away beyond Babylon ## +the tent that housed the false god Molech -"I will remove you to Babylon" \ No newline at end of file +# the star of the god Rephan + +the star that is identified with the false god Rephan + +# the images that you made + +They made statues or images of the gods Molech and Rephan in order to worship them. + +# I will carry you away beyond Babylon + +"I will remove you to places even farther than Babylon." This would be God's act of judgment. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/44.md b/act/07/44.md index 0f82837493..4a1562b199 100644 --- a/act/07/44.md +++ b/act/07/44.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [Acts 7:1](./01.md). - -## tabernacle of the testimony ## +# the tabernacle of the testimony The tent that housed the ark (a box) with the 10 commandments carved in stone inside it -## possession of the nations ## +# our fathers, under Joshua, received the tabernacle and brought it with them -This would include the land, buildings, crops, animals and all the possessions of the nations Israel was conquering. +The phrase "under Joshua" means that their ancestors did these things in obedience to Joshua's direction. AT: "our fathers, in accordance with Joshua's instructions, received the tabernacle and brought it with them" -## It was like this until the days of David ## +# God took the land from the nations and drove them out before the face of our fathers -The Ark remained in a tent up to and including the time of David, king of Israel. +This sentence tells why the ancestors were able to take possession of the land. AT: "God forced the nations to leave the land before the face of our fathers" -## a dwelling place for the God of Jacob ## +# God took the land ... before the face of our fathers -David wanted the Ark to reside in Jerusalem, not in a tent wandering around Israel. \ No newline at end of file +Here "the face of our fathers" refers to the presence of their ancestors. Possible meanings are 1) "As our ancestors watched, God took the land from the nations and drove them out" or 2) "When our ancestors came, God took the land from the nations and drove them out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the nations + +This refers to the people who lived in the land before Israel. AT: "the people who previously lived here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# drove them out + +"forced them to leave the land" + +# a dwelling place for the God of Jacob + +"a house for the ark where the God of Jacob could stay." David wanted a permanent place for the ark to reside in Jerusalem, not in a tent. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/47.md b/act/07/47.md index b02c2c2473..5936523983 100644 --- a/act/07/47.md +++ b/act/07/47.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [Acts 7:1](./01.md). +# General Information: -## made with hands ## +In verses 49 and 50, Stephen quotes from the prophet Isaiah. In the quotation, God is speaking about himself. -This is synecdoche for "made by people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# made with hands -## Heaven is my throne…earth the footstool for my feet ## +The hand is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "made by people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -The prophet is comparing God's presence being so great that whole universe is his throne with how impossible it is for man to build a place for God to rest on earth since the whole earth is nothing but a mere footstool to Him. +# Heaven is my throne ... the earth is the footstool for my feet -## What kind of house can you build for me? ## +The prophet is comparing the greatness of God's presence to how impossible it is for man to build a place for God to rest on earth since the whole earth is nothing but a place for God to rest his feet. -This is a rhetorical question for "You can not build a house adequate enough for me!" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# What kind of house can you build for me? -## where is the place for my rest? ## +God asks this question to show how useless man's efforts are to take care of God. AT: "You can not build a house adequate enough for me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"There is no place of rest good enough for me!" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# what is the place for my rest? -## Did not my hand make all these things? ## +God asks this question to show man that he cannot provide God any rest. AT: "There is no place of rest good enough for me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This is a rhetorical question for "My hand made all these things!" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Did my hand not make all these things? + +God asks this question to show that man did not create anything. AT: "My hand made all these things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/51.md b/act/07/51.md index ca281e2612..a25c32995d 100644 --- a/act/07/51.md +++ b/act/07/51.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -Stephen continues his defense before the Jewish council that he began in [Acts 7:1](./01.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## You people who are stiff-necked… ## +With a sharp rebuke, Stephen finishes his response to the high priest and the council which he began in [Acts 7:2](./01.md). -necked…** - Stephen shifted from identifying with the Jewish leaders to rebuking them. +# You people who are stiff-necked -## uncircumcised in heart ## +Stephen shifted from identifying with the Jewish leaders to rebuking them. -"disobedient in heart". Stephen may have been comparing them to the Gentiles, which they would have understood as an insult. +# stiff-necked -## Which of the prophets did your forefathers not persecute? ## +This does not mean their necks were stiff but rather that they were "stubborn." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -This is a rhetorical question where Stephen was rebuking them. Can be translated as, "Your forefathers persecuted every prophet!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# uncircumcised in heart and ears -## Righteous One ## +The Jews regarded uncircumcised people as disobedient to God. Stephen uses "hearts and ears" to represent to the Jewish leaders who acted the way Gentiles act when they do not obey or listen to God. AT: "you refuse to obey and hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? + +Stephen asked this question to show them that they learned nothing from the errors of their forefathers. AT: "Your forefathers persecuted every prophet!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Righteous One This refers to the Christ, the Messiah. -## murderers of him ## +# you have now become the betrayers and murderers of him also -"murderers of the Righteous One" or "murderers of the Christ" \ No newline at end of file +"you have also betrayed and murdered him" + +# murderers of him + +"murderers of the Righteous One" or "murderers of the Christ" + +# the law that angels had established + +"the laws that God caused angels to give to our ancestors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/54.md b/act/07/54.md index ffe634b065..846e137618 100644 --- a/act/07/54.md +++ b/act/07/54.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## council ## +# Connecting Statement: -This was the most important Jewish Council, which was called the Sanhedrin. +The council reacts to Stephen's words. -## cut to the heart ## +# Now when the council members heard these things -This is an idiom for, "overcome by anger." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is the turning point; the sermon ends and the council members react. -## heard these things ## +# were cut to the heart -This is the turning point; the sermon ends and the council reacts. +To "cut to the heart" is an idiom for making a person extremely angry. AT: "were extremely angry" or "became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## ground their teeth ## +# ground their teeth at Stephen -This is an idiom for expressing strong anger or hatred. This can be translated as "they became so angry that they ground their teeth together." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This action expressed their strong anger at Stephen or hatred of Stephen. AT: "they became so angry that they ground their teeth together" or "moved their teeth back and forth as they looked at Stephen."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## looked…up into heaven ## +# looked up intently into heaven -"Looked…up into the sky". It appears that only Stephen saw this vision and not anyone else in the crowd. +"Stared up into heaven." It appears that only Stephen saw this vision and not anyone else in the crowd. -## he saw Jesus standing ## +# saw the glory of God -Note that Jesus was "standing" not "sitting" at the right hand of God. It was an honor when a king would stand to welcome a guest. +People normally experienced the glory of God as a bright light. AT: "saw a bright light from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## glory of God ## +# standing at the right hand of God -the glory or majesty of God as light. Translated as, "a bright light from God". +The phrase "at the right hand" is an idiom that refers to the place of honor. AT: "standing in the place of honor beside God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Son of Man ## +# Son of Man -Stephen is identifying Jesus by the title "Son of Man". \ No newline at end of file +Stephen refers to Jesus by the title "Son of Man." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/57.md b/act/07/57.md index aa616900ea..1b7da129a2 100644 --- a/act/07/57.md +++ b/act/07/57.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## council ## +# covered their ears -This was the most important Jewish Council, which was called the Sanhedrin. +"put their hands on their ears." They did this to show that they did not want to hear any more of what Stephen said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## stopped their ears ## +# They dragged him out of the city -They covered their ears so that they would not hear any more of what Stephen was saying. +"They seized Stephen and forcefully took him out of the city" -## They threw him out of the city ## +# outer clothing -"The council members seized Stephen and forcefully took him out of the city" +These are cloaks or robes they would wear outside to stay warm, similar in function to a jacket or coat. -## outer clothes ## +# at the feet -these are cloaks or robes one would wear outside to stay warm, similar in function to a jacket or coat. +"in front of." They were placed there so Saul could watch them. -## at the feet ## +# a young man -"in front of" for the purpose of guarding them \ No newline at end of file +Saul was probably around 30 years old at the time. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/59.md b/act/07/59.md index 25615e18e3..ab6c646061 100644 --- a/act/07/59.md +++ b/act/07/59.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## receive my spirit ## +# Connecting Statement: -"take my spirit" +This ends the story of Stephen. -## fell asleep ## +# receive my spirit -This is a polite expression for "died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"take my spirit." It may be helpful to add "please" to show that this was a request. AT: "please receive my spirit" + +# He knelt down + +This is an act of submission to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# do not hold this sin against them + +This can be stated in a positive way. AT: "forgive them for this sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# fell asleep + +This is a polite expression that means he "died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/07/intro.md b/act/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b463692ab5 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Acts 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 7:42-43, 49-50, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +It appears that 8:1 is part of the narrative of this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Stephen said" ##### +Stephen retells the history of Israel very briefly. This is something the Jewish council and the high priest would have already known. The climax of the story is Jesus coming as the Messiah of Israel and his rejection by the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +##### "Full of the Holy Spirit" ##### +This means "to be completely controlled by the Holy Spirit." In other words, a person is living in total alignment with the will of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "You act just as your forefathers acted" ##### +Stephen compares the idolatry of the Israelites in history with the leaders' rejection of Jesus, the Messiah. This is a type of metaphor. The phrases "stiff-necked" and "uncircumcised" are also metaphors for the people's sin and lack of understanding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Foreshadowing ##### +Saul, also known as Paul, is included here to foreshadow the role he will play in the rest of the book of Acts. Here Saul is persecuting Christians. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Implicit Knowledge ##### +This chapter will be very difficult to understand if the book of Genesis has not yet been translated into one's language. In many ways, it summarizes the book of Genesis, with many details left out. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/01.md b/act/08/01.md index 8ae5467a80..daaa963026 100644 --- a/act/08/01.md +++ b/act/08/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,47 @@ -## Saul was in agreement ## +# Connecting Statement: -Luke shifts the story from Stephen to Saul. You may need to understand how stories transition between key actors in your language. +The story shifts from Stephen to Saul in these verses. -## dragged out ## +# General Information: -they were taken by force +It may be helpful to your audience to move these parts of the story about Stephen together by using a verse bridge as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## that day ## +# So there began ... except the apostles -the day Stephen died +This part of verse 1 is background information about the persecution that began after Stephen's death. This explains why Saul was persecuting the believers in verse 3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## the believers were all scattered ## +# that day -This is a hyperbole for many or most of the believers living in Jerusalem fled the persecution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This refers to the day that Stephen died. (See: [Acts 7:59-60](../07/59.md)) -## except the apostles. ## +# the believers were all scattered -It is implied that the apostles remained in Jerusalem and they did not experience this great persecution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The word "all" is a generalization to express that a large number of the believers left Jerusalem because of the persecution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## devout men ## +# except the apostles -"God-fearing men" or "men who feared God" +This statement implies that the apostles remained in Jerusalem even though they also experienced this great persecution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## made great lamentation ## +# Devout men -"mourned greatly…over him" (UDB) +"God-fearing men" or "Men who feared God" -## he went into every house ## +# made great lamentation over him -This is a hyperbole for Saul entering into many houses. He did not have authority to enter every house in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"greatly mourned his death" -## dragged out men and women ## +# dragged out men and women -Saul forcefully took Jewish believers out of their home and put them into prison. \ No newline at end of file +Saul forcefully took Jewish believers out of their home and put them into prison. + +# house after house + +"houses one by one" + +# dragged out men and women + +"took away men and women by force" + +# men and women + +This refers to men and women who believed in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/04.md b/act/08/04.md index 712c5ed97a..1ca9439c5a 100644 --- a/act/08/04.md +++ b/act/08/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## who had been scattered… ## +# Connecting Statement: -"who had been scattered by the great persecution". The cause for the scattering, the persecution, was specified previously. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +This begins the story of Philip, whom the people had chosen as a deacon. (See: [Acts 6:5](../06/05.md)) -## the city of Samaria ## +# who had been scattered -It is unclear if the city of Samaria refers to "the city" (ULB) or "a city" (UDB). Suggest translating this as "the city." \ No newline at end of file +The cause for the scattering, the persecution, was stated previously. This can be stated in active form. AT: "who had fled the great persecution and had gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# went down to the city of Samaria + +The phrase "went down" is used here because Samaria is lower in elevation than Jerusalem. + +# the city of Samaria + +Possible meanings are 1) Luke expected the readers to know which city he was writing about. AT: "the main city in Samaria" or 2) Luke did not expect his readers to know which city he was writing about. AT: "a city in Samaria" + +# proclaimed to them the Christ + +The title "Christ" refers to Jesus, the Messiah. AT: "told them that Jesus is the Messiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/06.md b/act/08/06.md index 55093ba359..1dcff730f1 100644 --- a/act/08/06.md +++ b/act/08/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## When multitudes of people... ## +# When multitudes of people -"When multitudes of people the from the city of Samaria". The location was specified previously. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +"When many people in the city of Samaria." The location was specified previously. (See: [Acts 8:5](./04.md)) -## they paid attention ## +# they paid attention -The reason people paid attention was because of all the healing Philip did. This should be understood. +The reason people paid attention was because of all the healing Philip did. -## And there was much joy ## +# who were possessed -People were rejoicing as a result of the healings Philip performed. \ No newline at end of file +"who had them" or "who were controlled by unclean spirits" + +# So there was much joy in that city + +The phrase "that city" refers to the people who were rejoicing. AT: "So the people of the city were rejoicing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/09.md b/act/08/09.md index 08bdaffaf4..5fd7af3173 100644 --- a/act/08/09.md +++ b/act/08/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## but there was a certain man ## +# General Information: -"a certain man…named Simon" is a way of introducing a new person into the story. You need to be aware of how new people are introduced in your language. (See: en:ta:workbench:discourse:home) +Simon is introduced to the story of Philip. Verses 9 to 11 are background information about Simon and who he was among the Samaritans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## the city ## +# But there was a certain man ... named Simon -"the city in Samaria" +This is a way of introducing a new person into the story. Your language may use different wording to introduce a new person into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## all the Samaritans ## +# the city -This is a hyperbole for "many of the Samaritans in the city." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"the city in Samaria" (See: [Acts 8:5](./04.md)) -## This man is that power of God which is called Great ## +# All the Samaritans -People were saying that Simon is the divine power known as The Great Power. \ No newline at end of file +The word "all" is a generalization. AT: "Many of the Samaritans" or "The Samaritans in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# from the least to the greatest + +These two phrases refer to everyone from one extreme to the other. AT: "no matter how important they were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# This man is that power of God which is called Great + +People were saying that Simon was the divine power known as "The Great Power." + +# that power of God which is called Great + +Possible meanings are 1) the powerful representative of God or 2) God or 3) the most powerful man or 4) and angel. Since the term is unclear, it may be best to simply translate it as "the Great power of God" . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/12.md b/act/08/12.md index 7e45ac8e23..723ba68a93 100644 --- a/act/08/12.md +++ b/act/08/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## they were baptized ## +# Connecting Statement: -Philip baptized the new believers. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These verses give more information about Simon and some of the Samaritans coming to believe in Jesus. -## when he saw signs and great miracles done, he was amazed ## +# they were baptized -"Simon was amazed when he saw Philip doing signs and great miracles." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Philip baptized them" or "Philip baptized the new believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Simon himself believed + +The word "himself" is here used to emphasize that Simon believed. AT: "Simon was also one of those who believed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# he was baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Philip baptized Simon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When he saw signs + +This could begin a new sentence. AT: "When he saw" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/14.md b/act/08/14.md index 14afbd8100..63b3e3143f 100644 --- a/act/08/14.md +++ b/act/08/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,47 @@ -## Samaria ## +# Connecting Statement: -This is synecdoche for many people throughout Samaria district (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Luke continues the news of what was happening in Samaria. -## When they had come down ## +# Now when the apostles in Jerusalem heard + +This marks the beginning of a new part of the story of the Samaritan's becoming believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# Samaria + +This refers to the many people, who had become believers, throughout the district of Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# had received + +"had believed" or "had accepted" + +# When they had come down "when Peter and John had come down" -## they prayed for them ## +# come down -" Peter and John Prayed for the Samaritan believers" +This phrase is used here because Samaria is lower in elevation than Jerusalem. -## that they might receive the Holy Spirit. ## +# they prayed for them + +"Peter and John prayed for the Samaritan believers" + +# that they might receive the Holy Spirit "that the Samaritan believers might receive the Holy Spirit" -## they had only been baptized ## +# they had only been baptized -"Philip had only baptized the samaritan believers." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Philip had only baptized the Samaritan believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Then Peter and John placed their hands on them ## +# they had only been baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus -That is, the Samaritan people who believed Stephen's message of the gospel. \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" represents authority, and being baptized into his name represents being baptized in order to be under his authority. AT: "they had only been baptized to become disciples of the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Peter and John placed their hands on them + +The word "them" refers to the Samaritan people who believed Stephen's message of the gospel. + +# placed their hands on them + +This symbolic action shows that Peter and John wanted God to give the Holy Spirit to the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/18.md b/act/08/18.md index 44d5aa0520..3d9d7be50e 100644 --- a/act/08/18.md +++ b/act/08/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## ...the Holy Spirit was given through the laying on of the apostles' hands... ## +# the Holy Spirit was given through the laying on of the apostles' hands -"...the apostles gave the Holy Spirit by laying their hands on people..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the apostles gave the Holy Spirit by laying their hands on people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that whoever I place my hands on might receive the Holy Spirit. ## +# that whoever I place my hands on might receive the Holy Spirit -"that when I place my hands on people, that they may receive the Holy Spirit" \ No newline at end of file +"that I can give the Holy Spirit to anyone on whom I place my hands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/20.md b/act/08/20.md index 7a86472e07..067f428609 100644 --- a/act/08/20.md +++ b/act/08/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## him…your…you ## +# General Information: -These pronouns all refer to Simon. +Here the words him, your, you, and yours all refer to Simon. -## your heart is not right ## +# May your silver perish along with you -"Your thinking is not right" +"May you and your money be destroyed" -## Gift of God ## +# the gift of God -The ability to communicate the Holy Spirit through the laying on of hands +Here this refers to the ability to give the Holy Spirit by laying his hands on someone. -## for what you desired ## +# You have no part or share in this matter + +The words "part" and "share" mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. AT: "You may not participate in this work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# your heart is not right + +The word "heart" here refers to his thinking. AT: "Your thinking is wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for the intention of your heart "for wanting to buy the ability to give the Holy Spirit to others" -## poison of bitterness ## +# this wickedness -a figurative expression for "being extremely envious" (UDB) +"these evil thoughts" -## Bonds of sin ## +# he might perhaps forgive -"prisoner of sin" or "can only do sin" \ No newline at end of file +"he may be willing to forgive" + +# in the poison of bitterness + +This is an idiom that means "extremely envious." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in the bonds of sin + +The word "sin" is spoken of as if can restrain him and keep him prisoner. AT: "a prisoner of sin" or "can only sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/24.md b/act/08/24.md index 6a1fdd1323..705f1fd688 100644 --- a/act/08/24.md +++ b/act/08/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## none of those things which you have spoken ## +# General Information: -This refers to Peter's rebuke, "May your silver perish along with you." +Here the word "you" refers to Peter and John. -## which you have spoken ## +# so that nothing you have said may happen to me -"you" refers to Peter & John. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated another way. AT: "the things you have said ... may not happen to me" + +# so that nothing you have said may happen to me + +This refers to Peter's rebuke about Simon's silver perishing along with him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/25.md b/act/08/25.md index d41d57602d..bd67333cd1 100644 --- a/act/08/25.md +++ b/act/08/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## born witness ## +# Connecting Statement: + +This is concludes the part of the story about Simon and the Samaritans. + +# testified Peter and John told what they personally knew about Jesus to the Samaritans. -## Spoken the word of the Lord ## +# spoken the word of the Lord -Peter & John explained how the scriptures spoke of Jesus to the Samaritan. +Peter and John explained the message about Jesus to the Samaritans. -## …to many villages of the Samaritans ## +# to many villages of the Samaritans -"to the people in many Samaritan villages" . (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "villages" refers to the people in them. AT: "to the people in many Samaritan villages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/26.md b/act/08/26.md index 99b255a024..10de4cf31f 100644 --- a/act/08/26.md +++ b/act/08/26.md @@ -1,23 +1,47 @@ -## Now ## +# Connecting Statement: -This marks a transition in the story. +This begins the part of the story about Philip and the man from Ethiopia. -## Behold ## +# General Information: -The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses “There was a man who was…” +Verse 27 gives background information about the man from Ethiopia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## eunuch ## +# Now -The emphasis of "eunuch" here is about the Ethiopian being a high government official, not his physical state of being castrated. +This marks a transition in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Candace ## +# Arise and go -A title used for the queens of Ethiopia, like that of Pharaoh was used for the kings of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These verbs work together to emphasize that he should get ready to start a long journey that will take some time. AT: "Get ready to travel" -## chariot ## +# goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza -"wagon" or "carriage" is more fitting in this context. Chariots are normally mentioned as a vehicle for war, not as a vehicle for long distance travel. +The phrase "goes down" is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than Gaza. -## reading the prophet Isaiah ## +# This road is in a desert -Can be translated as, "reading from the book of the prophet Isaiah". This is the Old Testament book Isaiah. \ No newline at end of file +Most scholars believe Luke added this comment to describe the area through which Philip would travel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Behold + +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# eunuch + +The emphasis of "eunuch" here is about the Ethiopian's being a high government official, not so much his physical state of being castrated. + +# Candace + +This was a title for the queens of Ethiopia. It is similar to the way the word Pharaoh was used for the kings of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He had come to Jerusalem to worship + +This implies that he was a Gentile who believed in God and had come to worship at the Jewish temple. AT: "He had come to worship God at the temple in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# chariot + +Possibly "wagon" or "carriage" is more fitting in this context. Chariots are normally mentioned as a vehicle for war, not as a vehicle for long-distance travel. Also, people stood to ride in chariots. + +# reading the prophet Isaiah + +This is the Old Testament book Isaiah. AT: "reading from the book of the prophet Isaiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/29.md b/act/08/29.md index fe13bc35c6..0911b81ab5 100644 --- a/act/08/29.md +++ b/act/08/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Do you understand what you are reading? ## +# stay close to this chariot -Can be translated as, "Do you understand the meaning of what you are reading?" The Ethiopian could read and was intelligent. This was an issue of spiritual understanding. +Philip understood that this meant he was to stay close to the person riding in the chariot. AT: "accompany the man in this chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## "How can I, unless someone guides me?" ## +# reading Isaiah the prophet -This is a rhetorical question for "I can not unless someone guides me." It is used to emphatically stress that he could not understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]].) +This is the Old Testament book Isaiah. AT: "reading from the book of the prophet Isaiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He begged Philip to…sit with him. ## +# Do you understand what you are reading? -Also implied, Philip agreed to traveled down the road with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The Ethiopian was intelligent and could read, but he lacked spiritual discernment. AT: "Do you understand the meaning of what you are reading?" + +# How can I, unless someone guides me? + +This question was asked to state emphatically that he could not understand without help. AT: "I cannot understand unless someone guides me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He begged Philip to ... sit with him + +It is implied here that Philip agreed to travel down the road with him to explain the scriptures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/32.md b/act/08/32.md index 30c971dba7..bdbdd5fecb 100644 --- a/act/08/32.md +++ b/act/08/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## as a lamb before his shearer is silent ## +# General Information: + +This a passage from the book of Isaiah. + +# General Information: + +Here the words "he" and "his" refer to the Messiah. + +# like a lamb before his shearer is silent A shearer is a person who cuts the wool off the sheep so that it may be used. -## In his humiliation his judgment was taken away ## +# In his humiliation justice was taken away from him -"He was humiliated and they did not judge him fairly" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He was humiliated and they did not judge him fairly" or "he allowed himself to be humbled before his accusers and he suffered injustice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Who can fully describe his descendants? + +This question was used to emphasize the he will not have descendants. AT: "No one will be able to speak about his descendant, for there will not be any" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# his life was taken from the earth + +This referred to his death. It can be stated in active form. AT: "men killed him" or "men took his life from the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/34.md b/act/08/34.md index d8cb79f94f..901f3f9733 100644 --- a/act/08/34.md +++ b/act/08/34.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## he preached about Jesus to him ## +# I beg you + +"Please tell me" + +# this scripture + +This refers to Isaiah's writings in the Old Testament. AT: "in the writings of Isaiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he proclaimed the good news about Jesus to him "he taught the good news about Jesus to the eunuch" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/36.md b/act/08/36.md index 9b60a7e3df..684aa7943d 100644 --- a/act/08/36.md +++ b/act/08/36.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## what prevents me from being baptized? ## +# they went on the road -This is a rhetorical question for "There is nothing preventing you from baptizing me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"they continued to travel along the road" -## verse 37 ## +# What prevents me from being baptized? -This verse was omitted because some of the older, more reliable, ancient texts did not include the verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +The eunuch uses this question as a way of asking Philip for permission to be baptized. AT: "Please allow me to be baptized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# commanded the chariot to stop + +"told the driver of the chariot to stop" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/39.md b/act/08/39.md index 4bc2863bc9..adb8c91704 100644 --- a/act/08/39.md +++ b/act/08/39.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the eunuch saw him no longer ## +# Connecting Statement: + +This is the end of the part of the story about Philip and the man from Ethiopia. The story of Philip ends at Caesarea. + +# the eunuch saw him no more "the eunuch did not see Philip again" -## Philip appeared at Azotus. ## +# Philip appeared at Azotus -There was no indication of Philip travelling between where he met the Ethiopian and Azotus. He just suddenly disappeared along the road to Gaza and reappeared at Azotus. +There was no indication of Philip's traveling between where he baptized the Ethiopian and Azotus. He just suddenly disappeared along the road to Gaza and reappeared at the town of Azotus. -## until he came to Caesarea ## +# that region -The story of Philip ends here at Caesarea. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the area around the town of Azotus. + +# to all the cities + +"to all the cities in that region" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/08/intro.md b/act/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e40ca6898c --- /dev/null +++ b/act/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Acts 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 8:32-33, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +The first verse appears connected to the narrative of chapter 7 and not the events of Chapter 8. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Receiving the Holy Spirit ##### + +Many scholars believe this events marks the time when the Spirit started to indwell people when they began to believe in Jesus. The Spirit did this in order to assure them and to guide them. Others believe this event gave them the ability to speak in tongues, in addition to indwelling them, but that it is an event that occurs after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Preached the gospel ##### +While "preaching" can take many forms, the general idea in this phrase is that they share the good news that Jesus died and rose again for the sins of man. It is the message and not its presentation that is significant here. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/01.md b/act/09/01.md index 6f905f3756..0f4325c5ec 100644 --- a/act/09/01.md +++ b/act/09/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## But Saul ## +# Connecting Statement: -The story changes from Philip to Saul. AT: "Meanwhile, Saul" (UDB) +The story shifts back to Saul and his salvation. -## still speaking threats even of murder against the disciples ## +# General Information: -The noun "murder" can be translated as a verb: "still speaking threats, even to murder the disciples." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +These verses give background information telling us what Saul has been doing since the stoning of Stephen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## disciple ## +# General Information: -Anyone who believes in Jesus and obeys his teachings is called a disciple of Jesus. +Here the word "him" refers to the high priest and "he" refers to Saul. -## asked him for letters ## +# still speaking threats even of murder against the disciples -"asked the high priest for letters of support" +The noun "murder" can be translated as a verb. AT: "still speaking threats, even to murder the disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## if he found…he might bring ## +# for the synagogues -The word 'he' refers to Saul. +This refers to the people in the synagogues. AT: "for the people in the synagogues" or "for the leaders in the synagogues" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## who belonged to the Way ## +# if he found any -"who followed the teachings of Jesus Christ” +"when he found anyone" or "if he found anyone" -## he might bring them bound to Jerusalem ## +# who belonged to the Way -"he might take them as prisoners to Jerusalem". Paul's purpose can be made clear by adding "so that the Jewish leaders could judge and punish them" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"who followed the teachings of Jesus Christ" + +# the Way + +This term appears to have been a title for Christianity at that time. + +# he might bring them bound to Jerusalem + +"he might take them as prisoners to Jerusalem." Paul's purpose can be made clear by adding "so that the Jewish leaders could judge and punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/03.md b/act/09/03.md index 0fe3c89b88..f828c6ded8 100644 --- a/act/09/03.md +++ b/act/09/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -(After the high priest gave Saul the letters, Saul left for Damascus) +# Connecting Statement: -## As he was traveling ## +After the high priest gave Saul the letters, Saul left for Damascus. -Saul left Jerusalem and is now traveling to Damascus. +# As he was traveling -## it happened that ## +Saul left Jerusalem and now travels to Damascus. -This is an expression to mark a change in the story, that something different is about to happen. +# it happened that -## there shone all around him a light out of heaven ## +This is an expression that marks a change in the story to show something different is about to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -"a light from the sky shone all around him" +# there shone all around him a light out of heaven -## he fell upon the ground ## +"a light from heaven shone all around him" -It is ambiguous between 1) "Saul threw himself to the ground" or 2) "The light caused him to fall to the ground" or 3) "Saul fell to the ground like one who fainted and fell." Saul did not fall accidentally. +# out of heaven -## why are you persecuting me? ## +Possible meanings are 1) heaven, where God lives or 2) the sky. The first meaning is preferable. Use that meaning if your language has a separate word for it. -The Lord was rebuking Saul in the form of a question. It can be translated "You are persecuting me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# he fell upon the ground + +Possible meanings are that 1) "Saul threw himself to the ground" or 2) "The light caused him to fall to the ground" or 3) "Saul fell to the ground the way one who fainted fell." Saul did not fall accidentally. + +# why are you persecuting me? + +This rhetorical question communicates a rebuke to Saul. In some languages a statement would be more natural (AT): "You are persecuting me!" or a command (AT): "Stop persecuting me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/05.md b/act/09/05.md index 0830a43fa1..6ccebe8c72 100644 --- a/act/09/05.md +++ b/act/09/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## "Lord, who are you? ## +# General Information: -Saul had not yet come to know Jesus as the Lord. This was a matter of acknowledging that he was in the presence of a greater supernatural power. +Every occurrence of the word "you" here is singular. -## but rise, enter into the city... ## +# Who are you, Lord? -"get up and go into the city Damascus..." +Saul was not acknowledging that Jesus is the Lord. He uses that title because he understood that he spoke to someone of supernatural power. -## it will be told you ## +# but rise, enter into the city -someone will tell you +"get up and go into the city Damascus" -## you...you...you ## +# it will be told you -These are all singular. +This can be stated in the active form. AT: "someone will tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## but seeing no one ## +# hearing the voice, but seeing no one -Only Saul experienced the light. \ No newline at end of file +"they heard the voice, but they did not see anyone" + +# but seeing no one + +"but saw no one." Apparently only Saul experienced the light. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/08.md b/act/09/08.md index ab125a612b..96d151c672 100644 --- a/act/09/08.md +++ b/act/09/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## he could see nothing ## +# when he opened his eyes -Saul was blind. +This implies that he had closed his eyes because the light was too bright. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he neither ate nor drank ## +# he could see nothing -"he choose not to eat or drink" as in "he fasted" or "he was unable to eat or drink" as in "not hungry" \ No newline at end of file +"he could not see anything." Saul was blind. + +# was without sight + +"was blind" or "could not see anything" + +# he neither ate nor drank + +It is not stated whether he chose not to eat or drink as a form of worship, or if he had no appetite because he was too distressed from his situation. It is preferable not to specify the reason. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/10.md b/act/09/10.md index 003d00b496..4161497e78 100644 --- a/act/09/10.md +++ b/act/09/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## Now there was ## +# General Information: -This begins a new part of the story with the introduction of a new character. +The story of Saul continues but Luke introduces another man named Ananias. This is not the same Ananias who died earlier in Acts [Acts 5:3](../05/03.md). You may translate it the same way though as you did in [Acts 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## disciple ## +# General Information: -Anyone who believes in Jesus and obeys his teachings is called a disciple of Jesus. +Though there is more than one Judas mentioned in the New Testament, it is likely this is the only appearance of this Judas. -## Ananias ## +# Now there was -A disciple of Jesus who obeyed God by going to Saul, and healed Saul by laying his hands on Saul. +This introduces Ananias as a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## And he said…" ## +# He said -"And Ananias said…" +"Ananias said" -## house of Judas ## +# go to the street which is called Straight -Judas was owner of a house in Damascus where Ananias stayed. Though there are several Judases mentioned in the New Testament, it is likely this is his only appearance. +"go to Straight Street" -## a man from Tarsus ## +# house of Judas -"a man from the city of Tarsus" \ No newline at end of file +This Judas is not the disciple who betrayed Jesus. This Judas was owner of a house in Damascus where Saul was staying. + +# a man from Tarsus named Saul + +"a man from the city of Tarsus named Saul" or "Saul of Tarsus" + +# laying his hands on him + +This was a symbol of giving a spiritual blessing to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# he might see again + +"he might regain his ability to see" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/13.md b/act/09/13.md index b9cb3e8d09..7fc4cf423c 100644 --- a/act/09/13.md +++ b/act/09/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## authority from the chief priests ## +# your holy people -It is implied that the extent of the power and authority granted Saul was limited to the Jewish people at this point in time. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "holy people" refers to Christians. AT: "the people in Jerusalem who believe in you" -## he is a chosen instrument of mine ## +# authority ... to arrest everyone here -"Chosen instrument" is an expression for being set apart for service. It can be translated as "I have chosen him to serve me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +It is implied that the extent of the power and authority granted Saul was limited to the Jewish people at this point in time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## for him to carry my name ## +# calls upon your name -"to carry my name" is an expression for identifying or speaking out for Jesus. It can be translated as "in order that he might speak about me." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "your name" refers to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for the cause of my name ## +# he is a chosen instrument of mine -This is an expression for, "for telling people about me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"chosen instrument" refers to something that is set apart for service. AT: "I have chosen him to serve me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to carry my name + +This is an expression for identifying or speaking out for Jesus. AT: "in order that he might speak about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for the cause of my name + +This is an expression meaning "for telling people about me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/17.md b/act/09/17.md index e30bb83484..45533985d7 100644 --- a/act/09/17.md +++ b/act/09/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## laying his hands on him ## +# Connecting Statement: -Ananias put his hands on Saul. +Ananias goes to the house where Saul is staying. After Saul is healed, the story shifts from Ananias back to Saul. -## who appeared to you ## +# General Information: -"You" refers just to Saul (singular), even though there were others who accompanied Saul on the journey. +The word "you" here is singular and refers to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## has sent me so that you might receive your sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit ## +# So Ananias departed, and entered into the house -Can be restated as an active clause, "has sent me so that you might see again and that the Holy Spirit might fill you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +It may be helpful to state that Ananias went to the house before he entered into it. AT: "So Ananias went, and after he found the house where Saul was, he entered it" -## something like scales fell ## +# Laying his hands on him + +Ananias put his hands on Saul. This was a symbol of giving a blessing to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# so that you might receive your sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "has sent me so that you might see again and that the Holy Spirit might fill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# something like scales fell "something that appeared like fish scales fell" -## he arose and was baptized ## +# he received his sight -Can be translated as, "he arose and Ananias baptized him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"he was able to see again" + +# he arose and was baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he got up and Ananias baptized him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/20.md b/act/09/20.md index 13ce8c8194..3fdd53a503 100644 --- a/act/09/20.md +++ b/act/09/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Right away he began to preach ## +# General Information: -"he" refers to Saul. +Here only the second "he" refers to Jesus, the Son of God. The first "he" and the other ones refer to Saul. -## saying that he is the Son of God ## +# Son of God -"he" here refers to Jesus. +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## All who heard him ## +# All who heard him -This is a hyperbole for "many who heard." If you express exaggeration differently then use your form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +The word "All" is a generalization. AT: "Those who heard him" or "Many who heard him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Is not this the man who destroyed those in Jerusalem who called on this name? ## +# Is not this the man who destroyed those in Jerusalem who called on this name? -This is a rhetorical and negative question that is emphasizing Saul was indeed the man who was persecuting the believers. It can be stated as, "This is the man who destroyed those in Jerusalem who called on this name Jesus!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a rhetorical and negative question that emphasizes that Saul was indeed the man who had persecuted the believers. AT: "This is the man who destroyed those in Jerusalem who called on this name Jesus!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this name + +Here "name" refers to Jesus. AT: "the name of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# causing distress among the Jews + +They were distressed in the sense that they could not find a way to refute Saul's arguments that Jesus was the Christ. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/23.md b/act/09/23.md index a23c8d64bc..7208a61537 100644 --- a/act/09/23.md +++ b/act/09/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## the Jews planned together to kill him ## +# General Information: -"him" refers to Saul. +The word "him" in this section refers to Saul. -## But their plan became known to Saul ## +# the Jews -This clause might need to be stated as an active clause as, "But someone told their plan to Saul." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This refers to the leaders of the Jews. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## So they watched the gates ## +# But their plan became known to Saul -This city had a wall surrounding it. People could only enter and exit the city through the gates. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But someone told their plan to Saul" or "But Saul learned about their plan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## his disciples ## +# They watched the gates -people who believed Saul's message about Jesus and were following his teaching \ No newline at end of file +This city had a wall surrounding it. People could normally only enter and exit the city through the gates. + +# his disciples + +people who believed Saul's message about Jesus and were following his teaching + +# let him down through the wall, lowering him in a basket + +"used ropes to lower him in a large basket through an opening in the wall" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/26.md b/act/09/26.md index e2cde5c06b..60a778d2bc 100644 --- a/act/09/26.md +++ b/act/09/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## disciple ## +# General Information: -Anyone who believes in Jesus and obeys his teachings is called a disciple of Jesus. +Here the words "he" and "him" refer to Saul all but one time. "And 'he' told them how" in verse 27 refers to Barnabas. -## but they were all afraid of him ## +# but they were all afraid of him -"They were all" is an a hyperbole for many or most. It can be restated as "almost all of them." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here "they were all" is a generalization, but it is possible that it refers to every person. AT: "but they were afraid of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## But Barnabas took him ## +# had spoken boldly in the name of Jesus -"But Barnabas took Saul" - -## Saul had boldly preached in the name of Jesus ## - -This is metonymy for Saul preaching or teaching the gospel message of Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a way of saying he preached or taught the gospel message of Jesus Christ without fear. AT: "had openly preached the message about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/28.md b/act/09/28.md index c954df6b69..91eb4a6f95 100644 --- a/act/09/28.md +++ b/act/09/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## He met with them ## +# He met with them -"Saul met with the apostles" +Here the word "He" refers to Paul. The word "them" probably refers to the apostles and other disciples in Jerusalem. -## in the name of the Lord Jesus ## +# in the name of the Lord Jesus -This is metonymy for the Gospel message of Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this simply refers to the Lord Jesus and tells who Paul spoke about. AT: "about the Lord Jesus" or 2) "name" is a metonym for authority. AT: "under the authority of the Lord Jesus" or "with the authority that the Lord Jesus gave him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## debated with the Grecian Jews ## +# debated with the Grecian Jews -Saul sought to reason with the Grecian Jews. +Saul tried to reason with the Jews who spoke Greek. -## down to Caeserea ## +# the brothers -there was an elevation change from Jerusalem to Caeserea. However, it is normal to state that one is going up to Jerusalem and up to the Temple, and down when going away from Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +The words "the brothers" refers to the believers in Jerusalem. + +# brought him down to Caesarea + +The phrase "brought him down" is used here because Caesarea is lower in elevation than Jerusalem. + +# sent him away to Tarsus + +Caesarea was a seaport. They brothers probably sent Saul to Tarsus by ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/31.md b/act/09/31.md index 8ec471abbc..d1c67e8d16 100644 --- a/act/09/31.md +++ b/act/09/31.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## was built up ## +# Connecting Statement: -God caused them to grow +In verse 32, the story shifts from Saul to a new part of the story about Peter. -## walking in the fear of the lord ## +# General Information: + +Verse 31 is a statement that gives an update on the church's growth. + +# the church throughout all Judea, Galilee, and Samaria + +This is the first use of the singular "church" to refer to more than one local congregation. Here it refers to all the believers in all the groups throughout Israel. + +# had peace + +"lived peacefully." This means the persecution that started with the murder of Stephen was finished. + +# was built up + +The agent was either God or the Holy Spirit. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God helped them grow" or "the Holy Spirit built them up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# walking in the fear of the Lord "continuing to honor the Lord" -## in the comfort of the Holy Spirit ## +# in the comfort of the Holy Spirit -"the Holy Spirit was strengthening and encouraging them" +"with the Holy Spirit strengthening and encouraging them" -## Throughout the whole region ## +# Now it came about -This is hyperbole for Peter visiting many of the believers throughout Judea, Galilee and Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This phrase is used to mark a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## God's people ## +# throughout the whole region -This is metonymy for the people who believed in the gospel message of Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is an generalization for Peter's visiting the believers in many places in the region of Judea, Galilee, and Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Lydda ## +# he came down -Lydda is a city located about 18 km southeast of Joppa. This city was called Lod in the OT, and in modern Israel. \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "came down" is used here because Lydda is lower in elevation than the other places where he was traveling. + +# Lydda + +Lydda is a city located about 18 kilometers southeast of Joppa. This city was called Lod in the Old Testament and in modern Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/33.md b/act/09/33.md index 96f8160d12..55b512958c 100644 --- a/act/09/33.md +++ b/act/09/33.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## There he found a certain man ## +# There he found a certain man -"There Peter met a man." Peter was not intentionally searching for a paralyzed person but happened upon him. +Peter was not intentionally searching for a paralyzed person, but happened upon him. AT: "There Peter met a man" -## paralyzed ## +# a certain man named Aeneas + +This introduces Aeneas as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# who had been in his bed ... was paralyzed + +This is background information about Aeneas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# paralyzed unable to walk, probably unable to move below the waist -## make your bed ## +# make your bed -"roll up you mat" (UDB) +"roll up your mat" -## everyone who lived… ## +# everyone who lived in Lydda and in Sharon -This is a hyperbole for "many people who lived…" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a generalization referring to many of the people there. AT: "those who lived in Lydda and in Sharon" or "many people who lived in Lydda and Sharon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# in Lydda and in Sharon + +The city of Lydda was located in the Plain of Sharon. + +# saw the man + +It may be helpful to state that they saw that he was healed. AT: "saw the man whom Peter had healed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/36.md b/act/09/36.md index 6b150893b2..f3fbcea676 100644 --- a/act/09/36.md +++ b/act/09/36.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Now there was in Joppa ## +# Connecting Statement: -This introduces a new event in the story of Peter. +Luke continues the story with a new event about Peter. -## disciple ## +# General Information: -Anyone who believes in Jesus and obeys his teachings is called a disciple of Jesus. +These verses give background information about the woman named Tabitha. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Tabitha, which is translated as "Dorcas." ## +# Now there was -Tabitha is her name in the Aramaic language, and Dorcas is her name in the Greek language. Both names mean “gazelle.” +This introduces a new part in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## full of good works ## +# Tabitha, which is translated as "Dorcas." -"doing many good deeds" +Tabitha is her name in the Aramaic language, and Dorcas is her name in the Greek language. Both names mean "gazelle." AT: "Her name in the Greek language was Dorcas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## It came about in those days ## +# full of good works -"It came about while Peter was in Lydda". This is implied information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"doing many good things" + +# It came about in those days + +This refers to the time when Peter was in Joppa. This can be stated. AT: "It came about while Peter was nearby" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# washed her + +This was washing to prepare for her burial. + +# they laid her in an upper room + +This was a temporary display of the body during the funeral process. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/38.md b/act/09/38.md index 3eff010e21..f3dfcb4380 100644 --- a/act/09/38.md +++ b/act/09/38.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## they sent two men to him ## +# they sent two men to him "the disciples sent two men to Peter" -## disciple ## +# to the upper room -Anyone who obeys and follows Jesus is a disciple of Jesus. +"to the upstairs room where Dorcas' body was lying" -## widows ## +# all the widows -Women whose husbands have died +It is possible that all the widows of the town were there since it was not a large town. -## while she had been with them ## +# widows -"while she was still alive with the disciples" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +women whose husbands had died and therefore needed help + +# while she had been with them + +"while she was still alive with the disciples" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/40.md b/act/09/40.md index c1b2eba637..a55efa4c69 100644 --- a/act/09/40.md +++ b/act/09/40.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## put them all out ## +# Connecting Statement: -In this case, Peter did have everyone leave so he could be alone to pray for Tabitha. +The story of Tabitha ends in verse 42. Verse 43 tells us what happens to Peter after the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## This matter became known ## +# put them all out of the room -The miracle of Peter raising Tabitha from the dead. +"told them all to leave the room." Peter had everyone leave so he could be alone to pray for Tabitha. -## believed on the Lord ## +# gave her his hand and lifted her up -This is metonymy for "believed in the gospel of the Lord Jesus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Peter took hold of her hand and helped her stand up. -## It happened that Peter stayed ## +# the believers and the widows -"It came about that Peter stayed" \ No newline at end of file +The widows were possibly also believers but are mentioned specifically because Tabitha was so important to them. + +# This matter became known throughout all Joppa + +This refers to the miracle of Peter's raising Tabitha from the dead. It can be stated in active form. AT: "People throughout all Joppa heard about this matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# believed on the Lord + +"believed in the gospel of the Lord Jesus" + +# It happened that + +"It came about that." This introduces the beginning of the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# Simon, a tanner + +"a man named Simon who made leather from animal skins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/09/intro.md b/act/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6e1a3430b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Acts 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The Way" ##### +This was apparently a name given to people who were Christians in the early church. + +##### "Letters for the synagogues in Damascus" ##### +The letters Paul asked for would have been legal papers, which authorized the persecution and imprisonment of the Christians. The translator's culture may have different terms for "legal papers" or "legally binding papers," which could be useful in translation. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "I am Jesus" ##### +The text does not make it explicitly clear, but this is Jesus in body or physical form after he was raised from the dead. He was only visible to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/01.md b/act/10/01.md index 0bcb3a6197..bebdabb501 100644 --- a/act/10/01.md +++ b/act/10/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Now there was a certain man ## +# Connecting Statement: -This was a way of introducing a new person to the story. In this case, it was Cornelius. +This is the beginning of the part of the story about Cornelius. -## Cornelius by name, a centurion of what was called the Italian cohort ## +# General Information: -"his name was Cornelius. He was an officer in charge of 100 soldiers from the Italian section of the Roman army." +These verses give background information about Cornelius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## He was a devout man, one who feared God ## +# Now there was a certain man + +This was a way of introducing a new person to this part of the historical account. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# Cornelius by name, a centurion of what was called the Italian Regiment + +"his name was Cornelius. He was an officer in charge of 100 soldiers from the Italian section of the Roman army. + +# He was a devout man, one who worshiped God "He believed in God and sought to honor and worship God in his life" -## with all his household ## +# worshiped God -"with all the members of his household". (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word for "worshiped" here has the sense of deep respect and awe. -## he gave much money to the people ## +# he constantly prayed to God -"…to poor people". This was one way he demonstrated his fear of God. \ No newline at end of file +The word "constantly" is a generalization. AT: "he prayed to God a lot" or "he prayed to God regularly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/03.md b/act/10/03.md index b96c094e9c..ef55024684 100644 --- a/act/10/03.md +++ b/act/10/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## The ninth hour ## +# the ninth hour -This is the normal afternoon prayer time for Jews. +"three o'clock in the afternoon." This is the normal afternoon prayer time for Jews. -## he clearly saw ## +# he clearly saw "Cornelius clearly saw" -## a tanner ## +# Your prayers and your gifts ... a memorial offering into God's presence -A person who makes leather products from animal skins. \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that his gifts and prayers had been accepted by God. AT: "God is pleased by your prayers and your gifts ... a memorial offering to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a tanner + +a person who makes leather from animal skins \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/07.md b/act/10/07.md index 4fb7e2d361..2a677d6a16 100644 --- a/act/10/07.md +++ b/act/10/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## When the angel who spoke to him had left ## +# When the angel who spoke to him had left -"When Cornelius' vision had ended" +"When Cornelius' vision of the angel had ended." -## told them all that had happened ## +# a devout soldier from among those who served him -Cornelius explained his vision to his two servants and soldier. +"one of the soldiers who served him, who also worshiped God." This soldier worshiped God. That was rare in the Roman army, so Cornelius' other soldiers probably did not worship God. -## sent them to Joppa ## +# devout -sent two of his two servants and one soldier to Joppa \ No newline at end of file +An adjective to describe a person who worshiped God and served him. + +# told them all that had happened + +Cornelius explained his vision to his two servants and to one of his soldiers. + +# sent them to Joppa + +"sent two of his two servants and the one soldier to Joppa." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/09.md b/act/10/09.md index 2ba6e3ae32..652787a6a8 100644 --- a/act/10/09.md +++ b/act/10/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## as they were on their journey ## +# Connecting Statement: -as Cornelius's two servants and the soldier under Cornelius's command were on their journey to Joppa +The story shifts away from Cornelius to tell us what God is doing with to Peter. -## he fell into a trance ## +# General Information: -a trance is the state of mind or condition Peter was in when he had a vision. +Here the word "they" refers to Cornelius' two servants and the soldier under Cornelius' command. (See: [Acts 10:7](./07.md)) -## he saw the heavens open ## +# about the sixth hour -This was the beginning of Peter's vision. +"around noon" -## something like a large sheet ## +# up upon the housetop -the container holding the animals had the appearance of a large sheet. +The roofs of the houses were flat, and people often did many different activities on them. -## in it were all kind of…animals and…birds… ## +# while the people were cooking some food -It contained many types of animals. \ No newline at end of file +"before the people finished cooking the food" + +# he was given a vision + +"God gave him a vision" or "he saw a vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he saw the sky open + +This was the beginning of Peter's vision. It can be a new sentence. + +# something like a large sheet ... four corners + +The container holding the animals had the appearance of a large square piece of cloth. + +# let down by its four corners + +"with its four corners suspended" or "with its four corners higher than the rest of it" + +# all kinds of four-footed animals ... birds of the sky + +From Peter's response in the next verse, it can be implied that the law of Moses commanded the Jews not to eat some of them. AT: "animals and birds that the Mosaic laws forbade Jews to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/13.md b/act/10/13.md index 9ece071122..f1289d27c7 100644 --- a/act/10/13.md +++ b/act/10/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## a voice spoke to him ## +# a voice spoke to him -The person speaking is not specified. But it can be inferred that the source was from God, not Satan. +The person speaking is not specified. The "voice" was probably God, although it could possibly have been an angel from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Lord ## +# Not so -Peter used the term for respect that could be translated as "Lord" or "Sir." +"I will not do that" -## I have never eaten anything that was defiled and unclean. ## +# I have never eaten anything that was defiled and unclean -It is implied that the animals presented were unclean as defined by the Law of Moses and were not to be eaten. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that some the animals in the container were unclean as defined by the law of Moses and were not to be eaten by believers who lived before Christ died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What God has cleansed + +If God is the speaker, he is referring to himself in the third person. AT: "What I, God, have cleansed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# This happened three times + +It is not likely that everything Peter saw happened three times. This probably means that the phrase, "What God has cleansed, do not call it defiled," was repeated three times. However, it may be best to simply say "This happened three times" instead of trying to explain in detail. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/17.md b/act/10/17.md index 90a0a06bb8..94c2cebbaa 100644 --- a/act/10/17.md +++ b/act/10/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## stood before the gate ## +# Peter was very confused -"stood before the gate to the house". It is implied that this house had a wall and a gated entrance to the property. +This means that Peter was having difficulty understanding what the vision meant. -## And they called out ## +# behold -Cornelius' men remained outside the gate while inquiring about Peter. +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows, in this case, the two men standing at the gate. -## who was surnamed Peter ## +# stood before the gate -"who was called Peter" \ No newline at end of file +"stood before the gate to the house." It is implied that this house had a wall with a gate in it to enter the property. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# after they had asked their way to the house + +This happened before they arrived at the house. This could be stated earlier in the verse, as the UDB does. + +# They called out + +Cornelius' men remained outside the gate while asking about Peter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/19.md b/act/10/19.md index 7ee95bb78f..58fdce3824 100644 --- a/act/10/19.md +++ b/act/10/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## While Peter was still thinking about the vision ## +# thinking about the vision -"While Peter was still meditating about the vision" +"wondering about the meaning of the vision" -## the Spirit ## +# the Spirit "the Holy Spirit" -## See, three men ## +# Behold -"Be alert…" or "wake up…" +"Look" or "Listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." -## he whom you … Why have you come ## +# three men are looking for you -"you" refers to the three men sent by Cornelius. \ No newline at end of file +Some ancient texts have a different number of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +# go down + +"go down from the roof of the house" + +# Do not hesitate to go with them + +It would be natural for Peter not to want to go with them, because they were strangers and they were Gentiles. + +# I am he whom you are seeking + +"I am the man you are looking for" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/22.md b/act/10/22.md index 838d400449..0cdb90c5de 100644 --- a/act/10/22.md +++ b/act/10/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## They said ## +# General Information: -the three messengers from Cornelius said to Peter +The words "They" and "them" here refer to the two servants and the soldier from Cornelius. (See: [Acts 10:7](./07.md)) -## Cornelius … is well spoken of by all the nation of the Jews ## +# A centurion named Cornelius ... listen to a message from you -Many jewish people speak good things about Cornelius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be divided into several sentences and stated in active form as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## all the nation of the Jews ## +# worships God -this is a hyperbole for Cornelius' good behavior was quite well known by many Jewish people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +The word for "worship" here has the sense of deep respect and awe. -## stay with him and the people with him. ## +# all the nation of the Jews -"him" refers to Peter. \ No newline at end of file +This number of people is exaggerated with the word "all" to emphasize how widely this was known among the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# So Peter invited them to come in and stay with him + +The journey to Caesarea was too long for them to begin that afternoon. + +# stay with him + +"be his guests" + +# some of the brothers from Joppa + +This refers to believers who lived in Joppa. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/24.md b/act/10/24.md index 5ce396de00..562015f9aa 100644 --- a/act/10/24.md +++ b/act/10/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## they came ## +# On the following day -Peter, the men from Joppa who accompanied Peter, and Cornelius's servants +This was the next day after they left Joppa. The journey to Caesarea took longer than one day. -## he had called together his relatives and his close friends. ## +# Cornelius was waiting for them -"He" and "His" is referring to Cornelius. \ No newline at end of file +"Cornelius expected them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/25.md b/act/10/25.md index bcd3026754..5e59d3da7b 100644 --- a/act/10/25.md +++ b/act/10/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## bowed down at his feet ## +# when Peter entered -When Cornelius bowed down at peter's feet, this was an act of worship (UDB), not just an act of honor (ULB). +"when Peter entered the house" -## "Stand up; I myself also am only a man." ## +# bowed down at his feet to worship him -This was a mild rebuke or correction to Cornelius to not worship Peter. \ No newline at end of file +Although bowing was common in that culture, here Cornelius bowed to Peter as an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Stand up! I too am a man + +This was a mild rebuke or correction to Cornelius not to worship Peter. AT: "Stop doing that! I am only a man, as you are" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/27.md b/act/10/27.md index 1bd16575bd..981feb59ae 100644 --- a/act/10/27.md +++ b/act/10/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## talking with him ## +# Connecting Statement: -talking with Cornelius +Peter addresses the people who are gathered in Cornelius' house. -## found many people gathered together ## +# General Information: -"found many gentile people gathered together". It is implied that the people Cornelius invited were Gentiles. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The word "him" here refers to Cornelius. -## it is not lawful for a Jewish man ## +# General Information: -"it is forbidden for a Jewish man" +Here the words "You" and "you" are plural and include Cornelius as well as the Gentiles who were present. -## You yourselves know ## +# many people gathered together + +"many Gentile people gathered together." It is implied that these people Cornelius had invited were Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You yourselves know Peter is addressing Cornelius and his invited guests. -## So I ask you why you sent for me." ## +# it is not lawful for a Jewish man -Though Peter is directing the question toward Cornelius, "you" includes the Gentiles present (plural). \ No newline at end of file +"it is forbidden for a Jewish man." This refers to the Jewish religious law. + +# someone from another nation + +This refers to people who were not Jews and not specifically to where they lived. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/30.md b/act/10/30.md index 5fc5dae4c5..b1c783a016 100644 --- a/act/10/30.md +++ b/act/10/30.md @@ -1,31 +1,51 @@ -## four days ago ## +# Connecting Statement: -Biblical culture includes the current day. In current western culture, this would be, "three days ago." +Cornelius responds to Peter's question. -## the ninth hour of prayer ## +# General Information: + +In verses 31 and 32 Cornelius quotes what the angel had said to him when he appeared to him at the ninth hour. + +# General Information: + +The words "you" and "your" are all singular. The word "we" here does not include Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Four days ago + +Cornelius is referring to the day before the third night before he is speaking to Peter. Biblical culture counts the current day, so the day before three nights ago is "four days ago." Current Western culture does not count the current day, so many Western translations read, "three days ago." + +# praying + +Some ancient authorities say "fasting and praying" instead of simply "praying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +# at the ninth hour The normal afternoon time that the Jews pray to God. -## prayer in my house ## +# your prayer has been heard by God -Some ancient authorities say, "fasting and praying…" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has heard your prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## your prayer ## +# reminded God about you -Refers to just Cornelius (singular) +"brought you to God's attention." This does not imply that God had forgotten. -## reminded God about you ## +# call to you a man named Simon who is called Peter -"to bring to God's attention" +"tell Simon who is also called Peter to come to you" -## call to you a man named Simon, who is also called Peter ## +# at once -"tell Simon who is called Peter to come to you" +"right away" -## I sent for you ## +# You are kind to have come -"you" refers to just Peter (singular). +This expression is a polite way of thanking Peter for coming. AT: "I certainly thank you for coming" -## we are all here ## +# in the sight of God -"we" refers to the many people Cornelius invited to his home to hear Peter but not including Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the presence of God. + +# that you have been instructed by the Lord to say + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the Lord has told you to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/34.md b/act/10/34.md index 76994a8014..29262150cc 100644 --- a/act/10/34.md +++ b/act/10/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Then Peter opened his mouth and said ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Peter began to speak to them" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Peter begins speaking to everyone in the house of Cornelius. -## anyone who fears him and does righteous deeds is acceptable to him ## +# Then Peter opened his mouth and said -"He accepts anyone who fears him and does righteous deeds". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Peter began to speak to them" + +# Truly + +This means that what he is about to say is especially important to know. + +# God does not take anyone's side + +"God does not favor certain people" + +# anyone who worships and does righteous deeds is acceptable to him + +"he accepts anyone who worships him and does righteous deeds" + +# worships + +The word "worships" here has the sense of deep respect and awe. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/36.md b/act/10/36.md index 6d923f2a8f..4041fb889c 100644 --- a/act/10/36.md +++ b/act/10/36.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -(Peter continues to speak) +# Connecting Statement: -## You know the message ## +Peter continues to talk to Cornelius and his guests. -"you know the word" +# General Information: -## who is Lord of all ## +The word "him" here refers to Jesus. -This is all inclusive, both Hebrew and Greek. +# You know the message ... and with power -## you yourselves ## +This long sentence can be shortened into several sentences as in the UDB. -Refers to Cornelius and his guests (plural). +# who is Lord of all -## know that message ## +Here "all" means "all people." -"know those things he did" \ No newline at end of file +# throughout all Judea + +The word "all" is a generalization. AT: "throughout Judea" or "in many places in Judea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# after the baptism that John announced + +"after John preached to the people to repent and then baptized them" + +# God anointed him with the Holy Spirit and with power + +The Holy Spirit and God's power are spoken of as if they are something that can be poured out onto a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all who were oppressed by the devil + +The word "all" is a generalization. AT: "those who were oppressed by the devil" or "many people who were oppressed by the devil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# God was with him + +The idiom "was with him" means "was helping him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/39.md b/act/10/39.md index 7479b17e2c..297dc7aa83 100644 --- a/act/10/39.md +++ b/act/10/39.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -(Peter continues to speak.) +# General Information: -## We are witnesses ## +The words "We" and "we" here refer to Peter and the apostles and believers who were with Jesus when he was on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -"We apostles are witnesses". Peter is excluding his audience in "we." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +# General Information: -## that he did ## +The words "he" and "him" here refer to Jesus. -"that Jesus did" +# in the country of the Jews -## whom they killed ## +This refers mainly to Judea at that time. -"whom the Jewish Leaders killed" +# hanging him on a tree -## This man ## +This is another expression that refers to crucifixion. AT: "nailing him to a wooden cross" -"This man Jesus" +# God raised him up -## God raised up ## +"God caused to live again" -God caused Jesus to live again. +# the third day -## gave him to be made known… ## +"the third day after he died" -God granted him permission to reveal himself … to us. \ No newline at end of file +# caused him to be seen + +"permitted many people to see him after he was raised from the dead" + +# from the dead ones + +"from among the dead ones." The phrase "the dead ones" refers to the spirits of people who have died. To come back from among them means to become alive again. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/42.md b/act/10/42.md index aa4879de8f..1c68e625a0 100644 --- a/act/10/42.md +++ b/act/10/42.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -(Peter continues to speak.) +# Connecting Statement: -## He commanded us ## +Peter finishes his speech to everyone in the house of Cornelius, which he began in [Acts 10:34](./34.md). -God commanded us witnesses or apostles. This "us" excludes Peter's audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +# General Information: -## that this the one who has been chosen by God ## +Here the word "us" includes Peter and believers. It excludes his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -That Jesus is the one who God chooses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# that this is the one who has been chosen by God -## the living and the dead ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God chose this Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -the people who are still living and people who have died +# the living and the dead -## It is to him that all the prophets bear witness ## +This refers to people who are still living and people who have died. AT: "the people who are alive and the people who are dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -"All the prophets bear witness to Jesus" \ No newline at end of file +# It is to him that all the prophets bear witness + +"All the prophets bear witness to Jesus" + +# everyone who believes in him shall receive forgiveness of sins + +This could be stated in active form. AT: "God will forgive the sins of everyone who believes in Jesus because of what Jesus has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# through his name + +Here "his name" refers to the actions of Jesus. His name means God who saves. AT: "through what Jesus has done for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/44.md b/act/10/44.md index f5b1dc2fc0..ba5f54013d 100644 --- a/act/10/44.md +++ b/act/10/44.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## fell on all of those who were listening- ## +# the Holy Spirit fell -**"all" likely refers to all the non-Jews at the house who were believing Peter. Favoring literal rather than hyperbole. +Here the word "fell" means "happened suddenly." AT: "the Holy Spirit suddenly came" -## the gift ## +# all of those who were listening + +Here "all" refers to all the Gentiles at the house who were listening to Peter. + +# The people who belonged to the circumcision group of believers + +This is another way of referring to the Jewish believers. + +# the gift of the Holy Spirit + +This refers to the Holy Spirit himself who was given to them. + +# the Holy Spirit was poured out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God poured out the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# poured out + +The Holy Spirit is spoken of as if he were something that could be poured out upon people. It implies a generous amount. AT: "generously given" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the gift "the free gift" -## the Holy Spirit was poured out ## +# also on the Gentiles -God poured out the Holy Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "also" refers to the fact that the Holy Spirit had already been given to the Jewish believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/46.md b/act/10/46.md index d1b8818761..bb62c5eba0 100644 --- a/act/10/46.md +++ b/act/10/46.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Gentiles speak in other languages and praising God ## +# Connecting Statement: -These were spoken languages that people could identify for the Jews to acknowledge that the Gentiles were indeed praising God. +This is the end of the part of the story about Cornelius. -## Can anyone keep water from these people… ## +# General Information: -Peter uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that "no one should keep water from these people." (see [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The words "he" and "him" refer to Peter. -## he commanded them to be baptized ## +# Gentiles speak in other languages and praising God -"Peter commanded the Gentiles to be baptized" (passive) or "Peter commanded the Jewish Christians to baptize the Gentile believers." (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These were known spoken languages that caused the Jews to acknowledge that the Gentiles were indeed praising God. -## Then they asked him ## +# Can anyone keep water from these people so they should not be baptized, these people who have received ... we? -"the Gentiles asked Peter" \ No newline at end of file +Peter uses this question to convince the Jewish Christians that the Gentile believers should be baptized. AT: "No one should keep water from these people! We should baptize them because they have received ... we!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he commanded them to be baptized + +It is implied that the Jewish Christians were the ones who would baptize them. AT: "Peter commanded the the Gentile believers to allow the Jewish Christians to baptize them" or "Peter commanded the Jewish Christians to baptize them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ + +Here "in the name of Jesus Christ" expresses that the reason for their baptism was that they believed in Jesus. AT: "be baptized as believers in Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/intro.md b/act/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..921321cd31 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Acts 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Unclean ##### +The Jews believed uncleanliness could be spread by associating with a Gentile or visiting someone from another nation. This was according to the laws the Pharisees made and not according to the law of Moses. While it was possible that some contact could have made one unclean, the Pharisees prohibited any type of close contact with Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Get up, Peter; kill and eat!" ##### +Peter's vision was about a Christian's freedom to eat any animal. The Jews were not permitted to eat many animals because the law of Moses declared that they were unclean. Before this vision, Christians were not certain whether they needed to follow the law of Moses. The presence of the Holy Spirit is an indication that the Gentiles could be saved without following the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/01.md b/act/11/01.md index 4e55e74097..c16cb9dbd9 100644 --- a/act/11/01.md +++ b/act/11/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## Now … ## +# Connecting Statement: -This marks a new part of the story. +Peter arrives in Jerusalem and begins talking to the Jews there. -## who were in Judea ## +# General Information: + +This is the beginning of a new event in the story. + +# Now + +This marks a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# the brothers + +The phrase "brothers" here refers to the believers in Judea. + +# who were in Judea "who were in the province of Judea" -## had received the word of God ## +# had received the word of God -This is an expression for the Gentiles believing the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit coming upon them and being baptized. (see [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This expression refers to the fact that the Gentiles believed the gospel message about Jesus. AT: "believed the message of God about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## When Peter had come up to Jerusalem ## +# had come up to Jerusalem -Jerusalem is located on a hill. +Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of coming up to Jerusalem and going down from it. -## circumcision group ## +# they who belonged to the circumcision group -These were a group of Jews who taught that all Christ's followers had to be circumcised and follow the law of Moses. +This is a reference to some of the Jews who believed that every believer must be circumcised. AT: "some Jewish believers in Jerusalem who wanted all followers of Christ to be circumcized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## criticised him ## +# uncircumcised men -"they were taking issue with him" +The phrase "uncircumcised men" refers to Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## ate with them ## +# ate with them -It was against the jewish law for circumcised men to eat with uncircumcised men. \ No newline at end of file +It was against Jewish tradition for Jews to eat with Gentiles. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/04.md b/act/11/04.md index aa10815636..2570ac6671 100644 --- a/act/11/04.md +++ b/act/11/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Peter started to explain ## +# Connecting Statement: -Peter didn't criticize the Jewish believers but reacted in a friendly explanatory manner. +Peter responds to the Jews by telling them about his vision and about what had happened at Cornelius' house. -## four-legged animals of earth ## +# Peter started to explain -legged animals of earth** - These animals probably refer to the ones people tame. +Peter did not criticize the Jewish believers but reacted in a friendly explanatory manner. -## wild beasts ## +# in detail -These animals probably refer to the animals people do not or can not tame. +"exactly what happened" -## creeping animals ## +# like a large sheet -these are reptiles. \ No newline at end of file +The container holding the animals had the appearance of a large square piece of cloth. See how you translated this in [Acts 10:11](../10/09.md). + +# by its four corners + +"with its four corners suspended" or "with its four corners higher than the rest of it." See how you translated this in [Acts 10:11](../10/09.md). + +# four-legged animals of earth + +From Peter's response, it can be implied that the law of Moses commanded the Jews not to eat some of them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 10:12](../10/09.md). AT: "animals and birds that the Mosaic laws forbade Jews to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# wild beasts + +This probably refer to the animals people do not or can not tame or control. + +# creeping animals + +These are reptiles. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/07.md b/act/11/07.md index 23fd85d11b..6f04f30ae0 100644 --- a/act/11/07.md +++ b/act/11/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -(Peter continues to speak) +# I heard a voice -## nothing unholy or unclean has ever entered into my mouth ## +The person speaking is not specified. The "voice" was probably God, although it could possibly have been an angel from God. See how you translated "a voice" in [Acts 10:13](../10/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -Apparently the animals in the sheet were animals which the Jewish law in the Old Testament forbids the Jews to eat. +# Not so -## nothing unholy or unclean ## +"I will not do that." See how you translated this in [Acts 10:14](../10/13.md). -This is referring to "no unholy or unclean food." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# nothing unholy or unclean has ever entered into my mouth -## entered into my mouth ## +Apparently the animals in the sheet were animals which the Jewish law in the Old Testament forbade the Jews to eat. This can be said in a positive way. AT: "I have eaten only meat from holy and clean animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -This is referring to "I have ate." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# unclean -## What God has declared clean do not call unclean ## +In the Old Testament Jewish law, a person became ritually "unclean" in various ways, such as eating certain forbidden animals. -This refers to "What animals God has declared clean, do not call them unclean." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# What God has declared clean, do not call unclean -## unclean ## +This refers to the animals in the sheet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -In the Old Testament Jewish law, a person became ritually "unclean" in various ways, such as eating certain forbidden animals. \ No newline at end of file +# This happened three times + +It is not likely that everything was repeated three times. This probably means that "What God has cleansed, do not call it defiled" was repeated three times. However, it may be best to simply say "This happened three times" instead of trying to explain in detail. See how you translated "This happened three times" in [Acts 10:16](../10/13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/11.md b/act/11/11.md index ab305c1b3d..16817165b9 100644 --- a/act/11/11.md +++ b/act/11/11.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -(Peter continues to speak.) +# General Information: -## Behold ## +Here "we" refers to Peter and the believers in Joppa. It does not include his current audience in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -"immediately" or "at that exact moment" (UDB). This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this. +# Behold -## that I should make no distinction regarding them ## +This word alerts us to the new people in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -"that I should not make a distinction regarding them being Gentile or Jewish" +# right away -## they had been sent ## +"immediately" or "at that exact moment" -someone had sent them. (see [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# they had been sent -## these six brothers ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone had sent them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"these six Jewish believers" +# that I should make no distinction regarding them -## bring back Simon, whose other name is Peter ## +"that I should not be concerned that they were Gentiles" -"bring back Simon called Peter" +# These six brothers went with me -## you will be saved ## +"These six brothers went with me to Caesarea" -"God will save you". (see [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# These six brothers + +"These six Jewish believers" + +# into the man's house + +This refers to the house of Cornelius. + +# Simon who is called Peter + +"Simon who is also called Peter." See how you translated the same phrase in [Acts 10:32](../10/30.md). + +# you will be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all your household + +This refers to all the people in the household. AT: "everyone who lives in your house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/15.md b/act/11/15.md index 5f5bd30bd6..08e177e351 100644 --- a/act/11/15.md +++ b/act/11/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -(Peter continues to speak.) +# General Information: -## the Holy Spirit came on them, just as on us in the beginning ## +Here the word "us" refers to Peter, the apostles, and any of the Jewish believers who had received the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -"the Holy Spirit came on the Gentile believers, just as he came on the Jewish believers at Pentecost" +# As I began to speak to them, the Holy Spirit came on them -## On us in the beginning ## +This implies that Peter had not finished speaking but had intended to say more. -“us” refers to Peter and those Jewish believers who were there in the beginning, but not everyone in the room was there in the beginning. If your language must decide, use the exclusive form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +# the Holy Spirit came on them, just as on us in the beginning -## in the beginning ## +Peter leaves out some things to keep the story short. AT: "the Holy Spirit came on the Gentile believers, just as he came on the Jewish believers at Pentecost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# in the beginning Peter is referring to the day of Pentecost. -## you shall be baptized in the Holy Spirit ## +# you shall be baptized in the Holy Spirit -"God will baptize you in the Holy Spirit". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will baptize you in the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/17.md b/act/11/17.md index 2f3f279932..b3702a9961 100644 --- a/act/11/17.md +++ b/act/11/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -(Peter finishes his speech in v17) +# Connecting Statement: -## God gave to them ## +Peter finishes his speech (which he began in [Acts 11:4](./04.md)) to the Jews about his vision and about what had happened at the house of Cornelius. -"Them" from the context of the story are Cornelius and his Gentile contacts. However, Peter does not call them Gentiles in his account to the Jewish believers at Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## the same gift ## +The word "them" refers to Cornelius and his Gentile guests and household. Peter does not call them Gentiles in his account to the Jewish believers at Jerusalem. -Peter is referring to the gift of the Holy Spirit. +# General Information: -## who was I, that I could oppose God? ## +The word "they" refers to the Jewish believers to whom Peter spoke. The word "us" includes all of the Jewish believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -I could not oppose God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Then if God gave to them ... who was I, that I could oppose God? -## when they heard these things ## +Peter uses this question to emphasize that he was only obeying God. AT: "Since God gave to them ... I decided that I could not oppose God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"they", the circumcision group who were criticizing Peter +# the same gift -## given repentance for life ## +Peter refers to the gift of the Holy Spirit. -"given repentance leading to life" \ No newline at end of file +# they said nothing in response + +"they did not argue with Peter" + +# God has given repentance for life to the Gentiles also + +"God has given repentance that leads to life to the Gentiles also." Here "life" refers to eternal life. The abstract nouns "repentance" and "life" can be translated as the verbs "repent" and "live." AT: "God has allowed the Gentiles also to repent and live eternally" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/19.md b/act/11/19.md index 5fd20f2e04..da15a3cf09 100644 --- a/act/11/19.md +++ b/act/11/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Therefore the believers whom the suffering that began with Stephen's death scattered away from Jerusalem ## +# Connecting Statement: -This is a summary from Acts 8 to introduce a new episode not related to the previous story of Peter. +Luke tells about what happened to the believers who fled after the stoning of Stephen. -## the believers whom the suffering that began with Stephen's death scattered away from Jerusalem ## +# Now -"Many believers began suffering after the Jewish leaders killed Stephen. These believers left Jerusalem and went to other places…" +This introduces the new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## only to Jews, to no one else ## +# those who had been scattered because of the persecution that started with the death of Stephen were spread -They thought that God's message was only for the Jewish people, not the Gentiles (Greeks). +This can be restated in the Active form. AT: "the persecution that started with the death of Stephen scattered the believers, and they spread" or "the suffering that began after the Jewish leaders killed Stephen caused many of the believers to leave Jerusalem, and they spread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the hand of the Lord ## +# only to Jews -This is an expression for "God was powerfully enabling." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The believers thought God's message was for the Jewish people, and not for the Gentiles. + +# spoke also to Greeks + +These Greek-speaking people were Gentiles, not Jews. AT: "also spoke to Gentiles who spoke Greek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The hand of the Lord was with them + +God's hand signifies his powerful help. AT: "God was powerfully enabling those believers to preach effectively" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# turned to the Lord + +This expression means they stopped believing in their former gods and started believing in Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/22.md b/act/11/22.md index a092e23ac4..e1f370a15a 100644 --- a/act/11/22.md +++ b/act/11/22.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## News about them ## +# General Information: -"them" are the new believers at Antioch. +In these verses, the word "he" refers to Barnabas. The word "they" refers to the believers of the church at Jerusalem. -## the ears of the church ## +# General Information: -This is an expression for "the believers in Jerusalem heard about them." (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The words "them" and "their" refer to the new believers. (See: [Acts 11:20](./19.md)) -## they sent ## +# ears of the church -believers from the church in Jerusalem sent +Here "ears" refers to the believers' hearing about the event. AT: "the believers in the church" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## saw the gift of God ## +# saw the gift of God -"saw the grace of God" or "how God acted kindly toward the believers" (UDB) +"saw the grace of God" or "how God acted kindly toward the believers" -## He encouraged them ## +# he encouraged them -"he kept on encouraging them." +"he kept on encouraging them" -## remain with the Lord ## +# to remain with the Lord -"to remain faithful to the Lord" +"to remain faithful to the Lord" or "to continue to trust in the Lord" -## with all their heart ## +# with all their heart -"to be devoted to the Lord" or "to trust completely in the Lord" (UDB) +Here the "heart" refers to a person's will and desire. AT: "with all their will" or "with complete commitment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## full of the Holy Spirit ## +# full of the Holy Spirit The Holy Spirit controlled Barnabas as he obeyed the Holy Spirit. -## many people were added to the Lord. ## +# many people were added to the Lord -An expression for "many people believed in the Lord". (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "added" means they came to believe the same thing as the others. AT: "many more people also believed in the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/25.md b/act/11/25.md index 9dbd1cb746..8f93466a82 100644 --- a/act/11/25.md +++ b/act/11/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## out to Tarsus ## +# General Information: + +Here the word "he" refers to Barnabas and "him" refers to Saul. + +# out to Tarsus "out to the city of Tarsus" -## When he found him, he brought him ## +# to look for Saul ... found him -"When Barnabas found Saul, Barnabas brought Saul" +These terms imply that it took some time and effort for Barnabas to locate Saul. -## They gathered together with ## +# It came about -"Barnabas and Saul gathered together with" or "Barnabas and Saul met regularly with" +This begins a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## The disciples were called Christians ## +# they gathered together with the church -"The people of Antioch called the disciples Christians." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Barnabas and Saul gathered together with the church" + +# The disciples were called Christians + +This implies that other people called the believers by this name. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Antioch called the disciples Christians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# first in Antioch + +"for the first time in Antioch" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/27.md b/act/11/27.md index 6215aeffce..38375d9483 100644 --- a/act/11/27.md +++ b/act/11/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Now in these days ## +# General Information: -This introduces a new part of the story. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +Here Luke tells background information about a prophecy in Antioch. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## came down from Jerusalem to Antioch ## +# Now -There was an elevation change from Jerusalem to Antioch. There is also an idea of Jerusalem, especially the Temple, being at the height of importance. Regardless of elevation, people always go up to Jerusalem and up to the Temple, and down when going away. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main story-line. -## a great famine would occur ## +# came down from Jerusalem to Antioch -"a great shortage of food would occur" +Jerusalem was higher in elevation than Antioch, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem or going down from it. -## over all the world ## +# Agabus by name -This probably refers to the entire Roman empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +"whose name was Agabus" + +# indicated by the Spirit + +"the Holy Spirit enabled him to prophesy" + +# a great famine would occur + +"a great shortage of food would happen" + +# over all the world + +This was a generalization referring to the part of the world that they were interested in. AT: "all over the inhabited world" or "throughout the Roman Empire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# in the days of Claudius + +Luke's audience would know that Claudius was the emperor of Rome at that time. AT: "when Claudius was the Roman emperor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/29.md b/act/11/29.md index 48193a4b02..ddf15e98a0 100644 --- a/act/11/29.md +++ b/act/11/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## disciple ## +# General Information: -Anyone who obeys and follows Jesus is a disciple of Jesus. +The words "They" and "they" refer to the believers in the church in Antioch. (See: [Acts 11:27](./27.md)) -## as each one was able ## +# So + +This word means marks an event that happened because of something else that happened first. In this case, they sent money because of Agabus' prophesy or the famine. + +# as each one was able The richer people sent more; the poorer people sent less. -## They did this; they sent money ## +# the brothers in Judea -"the believers in Antioch donated money and they sent the money…" +"the believers in Judea" -## by the hand of Barnabas and Saul ## +# by the hand of Barnabas and Saul -This is an expression for "Barnabas and Saul personally brought the money to the church elders in Jerusalem." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The hand is a synecdoche for the action of the whole person. AT: "by having Barnabas and Saul take to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/11/intro.md b/act/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f5e8268d9a --- /dev/null +++ b/act/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Acts 11 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The Gentiles also had received the word of God" ##### +In the early church, Christians were almost exclusively Jewish. Many Gentiles then started to believe in Jesus. This is what it means to "receive the word of God." + +##### "Baptism in the Holy Spirit" ##### + +Many scholars believe this events marks the time when the Spirit started to indwell people when they began to believe in Jesus. The Spirit did this in order to assure them and to guide them. Others believe this event gave them the ability to speak in tongues, in addition to indwelling them, but that it is an event that occurs after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/01.md b/act/12/01.md index fa5e925f26..40280464b1 100644 --- a/act/12/01.md +++ b/act/12/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## Now ## +# Connecting Statement: -this begins a new part of the story +This begins the new persecution, first of James' death and then of Peter's imprisonment and then release. -## about that time ## +# General Information: -the time when the disciples in Antioch sent money to help the brothers in Judea +This is background information about Herod's killing James. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## laid hands on ## +# Now -This is an expression for "sent soldiers to arrest" or "sent soldiers to seize and put in prison." (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This begins a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## some of those from the assembly ## +# about that time -It is implied from context it was the leaders of the church. It can be translated as "the leaders of the congregation" or "the leaders of the group of believers." (see [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This refers to the time of the famine. -## to mistreat them ## +# laid hands on -"to cause the believers to suffer" +This means Herod had the believers arrested. See how you translated this in [Acts 5:18](../05/17.md). AT: "sent soldiers to arrest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## He killed ## +# some who belonged to the church -"Herod the king killed" or "Herod the king gave orders to kill" +Only James and Peter are specified, which implies that these were leaders of the church in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## He killed James…with the sword ## +# so that he might mistreat them -This was specifying the manner in which James was killed. \ No newline at end of file +"in order to cause the believers to suffer" + +# He killed James ... with the sword + +This tells the manner in which James was killed. + +# He killed James + +Possible meanings are 1) Herod himself killed James or 2) Herod ordered someone to kill James. AT: "Herod gave the order and they killed James" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/03.md b/act/12/03.md index 79a8a28101..ae3e9a48a5 100644 --- a/act/12/03.md +++ b/act/12/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## After he saw that this pleased the Jews ## +# General Information: -"After Herod was aware that putting James to death pleased the Jewish leaders" +Here the word "he" refers to Herod. (See: [Acts 12:1](./01.md)) -## pleased the Jews ## +# After he saw that this pleased the Jews + +"When Herod realized that putting James to death pleased the Jewish leaders" + +# pleased the Jews "made the Jewish leaders happy" -## he proceeded to arrest Peter also ## +# That was -"Herod then gave orders to arrest Peter also" +"Herod did this" or "This happened" -## That was ## +# the days of unleavened bread -"This happened" or "Herod did this" +This refers to a time of Jewish religious feast time during the Passover season. AT: "the festival when the Jewish people ate bread without yeast" -## After arresting him, he put him in prison ## +# four squads of soldiers -"After the soldiers arrested Peter, Herod commanded soldiers to put Peter in prison" +"four groups of soldiers." Each squad had four soldiers that guarded Peter, one group at a time. The groups divided the 24 hour day into four shifts. Each time two soldiers would have been at his side and the other two soldiers by the entrance. -## four squads of soldiers ## +# he was intending to bring him to the people -"four groups of soldiers" (see UDB). Each group had four soldiers that guarded Peter one group at a time. The groups divided the day into shifts. Two soldiers would have been at his side and the other two soldiers by the entrance. - -## to guard him ## - -"to guard Peter" - -## he was intending to bring him to the people ## - -"Herod planned to judge Peter in the presence of the people" or "Herod planned to judge Peter in the presence of the Jewish people" \ No newline at end of file +"Herod planned to judge Peter in the presence of the people" or "Herod planned to judge Peter before the Jewish people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/05.md b/act/12/05.md index 351797d199..257a88f31e 100644 --- a/act/12/05.md +++ b/act/12/05.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## So Peter was kept in the prison ## +# So Peter was kept in the prison -Implying that the soldiers were continually guarding Peter in prison +This implies that the soldiers continually guarded Peter in prison. This can be stated in active form. AT: "So the soldiers guarded Peter in the prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## earnestly ## +# prayer was made earnestly to God for him by those in the church + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the group of believers in Jerusalem earnestly prayed to God for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# earnestly "continuously with dedication" or "with commitment without stopping" -## by the assembly ## +# On the night before Herod was going to bring him out for trial -The Jerusalem believers were praying or the church in Jerusalem was praying. +That Herod planned to execute him can be clarified. AT: "The happened on the day before Herod was going to bring Peter out from prison to put him on trial and then to execute him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## for him ## +# bound with two chains -"for Peter" +"tied with two chains" or "fastened with two chains." Each chain would have been attached to one of the two guards who stayed beside Peter. -## Herod was going to bring him out ## +# were keeping watch over the prison -"Herod was going to bring Peter out from prison to execute him" - -## bound with two chains ## - -"tied with two chains" or "fastened with two chains" - -## watching over ## - -"guarding" \ No newline at end of file +"were guarding the prison doors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/07.md b/act/12/07.md index b71c7a612e..3596269ff1 100644 --- a/act/12/07.md +++ b/act/12/07.md @@ -1,39 +1,27 @@ -## Behold ## +# General Information: -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +The words "him" and "his" refer to Peter. -## by him ## +# Behold -"next to Peter" or "beside Peter" +This word alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## in the cell ## +# by him + +"next to him" or "beside him" + +# in the prison cell "in the prison room" -## he struck Peter ## +# He struck Peter -"the angel tapped Peter" or "the angel poked Peter" +"The angel tapped Peter" or "The angel poked Peter." Peter was evidently sleeping deeply enough that this was required to wake him. -## woke him ## +# his chains fell off his hands -"woke Peter" +The angel caused the chains to fall from Peter without touching them. -## his chains fell off from his hands ## +# Peter did so -The angel caused the chains to fall from Peter without touching them. can be translated as, "Peter's chains fell off from his hands" or "the chains fell away from Peter's hands." - -## said to him ## - -"said to Peter" - -## Peter did so ## - -"Peter did what the angel told him to do" or "Peter obeyed" - -## the angel said to him ## - -"the angel said to Peter" - -## follow me ## - -The action described here means that Peter is to keep his attention focused on the angel as the angel and Peter walk. \ No newline at end of file +"Peter did what the angel told him to do" or "Peter obeyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/09.md b/act/12/09.md index 062b7739d8..f4afd501e1 100644 --- a/act/12/09.md +++ b/act/12/09.md @@ -1,47 +1,43 @@ -## He did not know ## +# General Information: -"Peter did not know" or "Peter did not understand" +Here the word "He" refers to Peter. The words "they" and "They" refer to Peter and the angel. -## what was done by the angel was real- ## +# He did not know -**"the actions of the angel were real" or "the actions of the angel were truly happening" +"He did not understand" -## He thought he was seeing- ## +# what was done by the angel was real -**"Peter thought he was seeing" +This could be changed to active form. AT: "the actions of the angel were real" or "what the angel did truly happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## After they ## +# After they had passed by the first guard and the second -"After the angel and Peter" +It is implied that the soldiers were not able to see Peter and the angel as they walked by. AT: "The first and second guards did not see them as they passed by, and then" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## had passed by ## +# had passed by "had walked by" -## the second ## +# and the second -"the second guard" +The word "guard" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "and the second guard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## they came to ## +# they came to the iron gate -"the angel and Peter arrived at" +"Peter and the angel arrived at the iron gate" -## that led into the city ## +# that led into the city -"that opened to the city" +"that opened to the city" or "that went from the prison to the city" -## it opened for them by itself ## +# it opened for them by itself -"the gate swung open for them" or "the gate opened itself for them" +Here "by itself" means neither Peter nor the angel opened it. AT: "the gate swung open for them" or "the gate opened itself for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## They went out ## - -"The angel and Peter walked through the gate" - -## went down a street ## +# went down a street "walked along a street" -## left him right away ## +# left him right away "left Peter suddenly" or "suddenly disappeared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/11.md b/act/12/11.md index ee9b6ec3aa..f47197dad8 100644 --- a/act/12/11.md +++ b/act/12/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## when Peter came to himself ## +# When Peter came to himself -"When Peter became fully awake and alert" or "When Peter became aware that what had happened was real" +This is an idiom. AT: "When Peter became fully awake and alert" or "When Peter became aware that what had happened was real" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## delivered me out of the hand of Herod ## +# delivered me out of the hand of Herod -"…the hand of Herod" is an expression for "rescued me from the harm Herod had planned for me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "the hand of Herod" refers to "Herod's hold" or "Herod's plans." AT: "rescued me from the harm Herod had planned for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the expectation of the people of the Jews ## +# everything the Jewish people were expecting -"what the Jewish leaders thought would happen to me" +Here "the people of the Jews" probably referred mainly to the Jewish leaders. AT: "all that the Jewish leaders thought would happen to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## realized this ## +# realized this -"became aware of this truth" +He became aware that God had rescued him. -## mother of John whose surname was Mark ## +# John, also called Mark -"…who was also called Mark" \ No newline at end of file +John was also called Mark. This can be stated in active form. AT: "John, whom people also called Mark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/13.md b/act/12/13.md index 9ceb2e71fa..bf38111d74 100644 --- a/act/12/13.md +++ b/act/12/13.md @@ -1,43 +1,55 @@ -## he knocked ## +# General Information: -"Peter knocked". Knocking on the door was a normal Jewish custom to let others know you wish to visit them. +Here the words "she" and "her" all refer to the servant girl Rhoda. -## at the door of the gate ## +# General Information: + +Here the words they" and "They" refer to the people who were inside praying. (See: [Acts 12:12](./11.md)) + +# he knocked + +"Peter knocked." Tapping on the door was a normal Jewish custom to let others know you wish to visit them. You may need to change this to fit your culture. + +# at the door of the gate "at the outer door" or "at the door of the entrance from the street to the courtyard" -## came to answer ## +# came to answer -"came to the gate to see who was knocking" +"came to the gate to ask who was knocking" -## she recognized ## +# out of joy -"Rhoda recognized" +"because she was so joyful" or "being overly excited" -## out of joy ## +# failed to open the door -"because she was so joyful" or "overly excited" +"did not open the door" or "forgot to open the door" -## standing at the door ## +# came running into the room -"standing outside the door". Peter was still standing outside. +You may prefer to say "went running into the room in the house" -## they said to her ## +# she reported -"the believers inside the house said to the servant girl Rhoda" +"she told them" or "she said" -## you are insane ## +# standing at the door -The people not only did not believe her, but rebuked her by saying she was crazy. This can be translated as, "you are crazy." +"standing outside the door." Peter was still standing outside. -## she insisted that it was so ## +# You are insane -"Rhoda insisted that what she said was true" +The people not only did not believe her, but rebuked her by saying she was crazy. AT: "You are crazy" -## They said ## +# she insisted that it was so -"The people inside the house answered" +"she insisted that what she said was true" -## It is his angel ## +# They said -"What you have seen is Peter's angel". Some Jews believed in guardian angels and may have thought that Peter's angel had come to them. \ No newline at end of file +"They answered" + +# It is his angel + +"What you have seen is Peter's angel." Some Jews believed in guardian angels and may have thought that Peter's angel had come to them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/16.md b/act/12/16.md index a9fd594507..c82a22a461 100644 --- a/act/12/16.md +++ b/act/12/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## But Peter continued knocking ## +# General Information: -The word here for continued means that Peter kept knocking the entire time those inside were talking. +Here the words "they" and "them" refer to the people in the house. The words "He" and "he" refer to Peter. -## when they had opened the door, they saw him and were amazed ## +# General Information: -"after opening the door, the people inside the house saw Peter and they were amazed" +Though Herod had killed James in [Acts 12:2](./01.md), there was more than one James. -## motioned to them… and told them ## +# But Peter continued knocking -"motioned to the people inside the house…and told the people" +The word "continued" means that Peter kept knocking the entire time those inside were talking. -## report these things ## +# Report these things -"tell these things" +"Tell these things" -## he left ## +# the brothers -"Peter left" \ No newline at end of file +"the other believers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/18.md b/act/12/18.md index 0aef869c1e..bfb874fbca 100644 --- a/act/12/18.md +++ b/act/12/18.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## Now ## +# General Information: -This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here it goes back to telling about Herod. (See: :en:ta:workbench:discourse:home) +The word "him" here refers to Peter. The word "he" refers to Herod. -## when it became day ## +# Now -AT: "when morning came" +This word is used to mark a break in the story-line. Time has passed; it is now the next day. -## no small excitement ## +# when it became day -This is a type of emphatic expression. It can be translated as "great excitement" or "a lot of excitement." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +"in the morning" -## excitement ## +# there was no small disturbance among the soldiers over what had happened to Peter -This refers to negative excitement such as distress, extreme anxiety, fear, or confusion. +This phrase is used to emphasize what really happened. This could be said in a positive way. AT: "there was a great disturbance among the soldiers over what had happened to Peter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## regarding ## +# there was no small disturbance among the soldiers over what had happened to Peter -"concerning" or "about" +The abstract noun "disturbance" can be expressed with the words "disturbed" or "upset." AT: "the soldiers were very disturbed about what had happened to Peter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## After Herod had searched for him and could not find him ## +# After Herod had searched for him and could not find him -It can be stated as "After Herod searched for Peter and could not find him." +"After Herod searched for Peter and could not find him" -## After Herod had searched for him ## +# After Herod had searched for him -Possible meanings are 1) "when Herod heard Peter was missing, he went himself to search the prison" or 2) "when Herod heard Peter was missing, he sent other soldiers to search the prison." +Possible meanings are that 1) "when Herod heard Peter was missing, he went himself to search the prison" or 2) "when Herod heard Peter was missing, he sent other soldiers to search the prison." -## he questioned them and ordered them to be put to death ## +# he questioned the guards and ordered them to be put to death -"Herod questioned the guards and commanded soldiers to kill the guards" +It was the normal punishment for the Roman government to kill the guards if their prisoner escaped. -## Then he went down ## +# Then he went down -"Then Herod went down". When traveling from Jerusalem all locations are considered down since Jerusalem was located on a hill. \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "went down" is used here because Caesarea is lower in elevation than Judea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/20.md b/act/12/20.md index cb5fdaca08..9a2b1ac292 100644 --- a/act/12/20.md +++ b/act/12/20.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## Now ## +# Connecting Statement: -This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. The story goes on to tell about another event in Herd's life. (See: :en:ta:workbench:discourse:home) +Luke continues with another event in Herod's life. -## They went to him together ## +# Now -"Men representing the people of Tyre and Sidon went together to talk with Herod" +This word is used here to mark the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## They persuaded ## +# They went to him together -"These men persuaded" +Here the word "They" is a generalization. It is unlikely that all the people of Tyre and Sidon went to Herod. AT: "Men representing the people of Tyre and Sidon went together to talk with Herod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Blastus ## +# They persuaded Blastus -Blastus was an assistant or chamberlain to King Herod. He is mentioned by name only once, here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"These men persuaded Blastus" -## they asked for peace ## +# Blastus + +Blastus was an assistant to or an officer of King Herod. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they asked for peace "these men requested peace" -## On a set day ## +# their country received its food from the king's country -"On the day planned" for the meeting +They probably purchased this food. AT: "the people of Tyre and Sidon bought all their food from the people that Herod ruled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he made a speech to them ## +# received its food -"Herod made a speech to the men" or "Herod spoke to the men" +It is implied that Herod restricted this supply of food because he was angry with the people of Tyre and Sidon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## sat on a throne ## +# On a set day -This was where Herod formally addressed people who came to see him. "Herod sat on his throne" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +This was probably the day on which Herod agreed to meet with the representatives. AT: "On the day when Herod agreed to meet them" + +# royal clothing + +expensive clothing that would demonstrate he was the king + +# sat on a throne + +This was where Herod formally addressed people who came to see him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/22.md b/act/12/22.md index fc22b182e7..7022322291 100644 --- a/act/12/22.md +++ b/act/12/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## this is the voice of a god ## +# Connecting Statement: -"His is the voice of a god" or "This man who is speaking is a god" (UDB) +This is the end of the part of the story about Herod. -## Immediately- ## +# Immediately -** while the people were praising Herod +"Right away" or "While the people were praising Herod" -## struck him ## +# struck him "afflicted Herod" or "caused Herod to become very ill" -## he did not give God the glory ## +# he did not give God the glory -Herod let those people worship him instead of redirecting their worship to God. "Herod did not give God the glory". +Herod let those people worship him instead of telling them to worship God. -## he was eaten by worms and died ## +# he was eaten by worms and died -"worms ate Herod and Herod died". \ No newline at end of file +Here "worms" refers to worms inside the body, probably intestinal worms. This can be stated in active form. AT: "worms ate Herod's insides and he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/24.md b/act/12/24.md index 0c76a278bc..dd72cc8d9d 100644 --- a/act/12/24.md +++ b/act/12/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## the word of God grew and multiplied ## +# General Information: -this is an expression for "the salvation message of Jesus spread and the number of people who believed this message multiplied." It can also be translated as “the word of God spread and the number of believers multiplied.” (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is information that gives an update on the spread of the word of God and on what Barnabas and Saul were doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## completed their mission to Jerusalem ## +# the word of God increased and multiplied -Implying "having delivered the money to the church leaders in Jerusalem". (see [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The word of God is spoken of as if it was a living plant that was able to grow and reproduce. AT: "the message of God spread to more places and more people believed in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they returned ## +# the word of God -"Barnabas and Saul returned to Antioch". (see [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +More people heard about the word of God. This refers to the message of God about salvation through Jesus. AT: "the message of God about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## they took with them John ## +# completed their mission -"Barnabas and Saul took John with them" +This refers back to when they brought money from the believers at Antioch in [Acts 11:29-30](../11/29.md). AT: "delivered the money to the church leaders in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## whose surname was Mark ## +# they returned from Jerusalem -"who was called Mark" \ No newline at end of file +They went back to Antioch from Jerusalem. AT: "Barnabas and Saul returned to Antioch" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/12/intro.md b/act/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc8a647201 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Acts 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### "This is the voice of a god, not of a man!" ##### +Acts 12:20-22 can appear out-of-place in this chapter. It serves as a kind of interlude, interrupting the flow of events. It is included here to explain that this powerful man, who people claimed to be God, was not God and was immediately punished for these false claims. When the apostles claimed Jesus was God, they were affirmed by signs from heaven. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Personification ##### +The "word of God" is personified as growing and multiplying. This is common in Scripture because the word is always used with the imagery of being alive. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/01.md b/act/13/01.md index 6d0777378c..578914c168 100644 --- a/act/13/01.md +++ b/act/13/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## Now in the assembly in Antioch ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Luke begins to tell about the mission trips on which the church at Antioch send Barnabas and Saul. + +# General Information: + +Verse 1 gives background information about the people in the church at Antioch. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# General Information: + +Here the first word "they" probably refers to these five leaders but may also include the other believers. The next words "they" and "their" probably refer to the other three leaders not including Barnabas and Saul but could include other believers. + +# Now in the church in Antioch "At that time in the church at Antioch" -## Symeon (called Niger), Lucius of Cyrene, Manaen (the foster-brother of Herod the tetrarch) ## +# Simeon ... Niger ... Lucius ... Manaen -brother of Herod the tetrarch)** - (See: How to translate names) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## foster-brother of Herod ## +# foster brother of Herod the tetrarch -brother of Herod ** - Manaen was probably Herod's playmate or close friend growing up. +Manaen was probably Herod's playmate or close friend growing up. -## Set apart for me ## +# Set apart for me -"Appoint to serve me" or "sanctify" +"Appoint to serve me" -## Have called them- ## +# I have called them -** The verb here means that God chose them before now to do this work. +The verb here means that God chose them to do this work. -## assembly ## +# laid their hands on these men -"congregation" or "group of believers" +"laid their hands on these men whom God had set apart for his service." This act showed that the leaders agreed that the Holy Spirit had called Barnabas and Saul to do this work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## laid their hands on these men ## - -"laid their hands on those set apart for God's service". There is no evidence of spiritual gifts being imparted through laying on of hands in this instance. But this was elders custom of affirming the Holy Spirit's calling on Barnabas and Saul. - -## sent them off ## +# sent them off "sent those men off" or "sent those men off to do the work the Holy Spirit told them to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/04.md b/act/13/04.md index 7ea192aefb..45a39c367a 100644 --- a/act/13/04.md +++ b/act/13/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## they..they…they ## +# General Information: -"Barnabas and Saul" +Here the words "they," "They," and "their" refer to Barnabas and Silas. -## they went down ## +# So -this was most likely an elevation change. +This word marks an event that happened because of a previous event. In this case, the previous event is Barnabas and Saul being set apart by the Holy Spirit. -## Seleucia ## +# went down -Seleucia was a city by the sea. +The phrase "went down" is used here because Seleucia is lower in elevation than Antioch. -## city of Salamis ## +# Seleucia + +a city by the sea + +# city of Salamis The city of Salamis was on Cyprus Island. -## synagogues of the Jews ## +# synagogues of the Jews -Possible meanings are 1) "there were multiple Jewish synagogues in the city of Salamis that Barnabas and Saul preached at" or 2) "Barnabas and Saul started at the synagogue at Salamis and continued to preach in all the synagogues they found while they traveled around the Island of Cyprus." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are that 1) "there were multiple Jewish synagogues in the city of Salamis where Barnabas and Saul preached" or 2) "Barnabas and Saul started at the synagogue at Salamis and continued to preach in all the synagogues they found while they traveled around the Island of Cyprus." + +# They also had John Mark as their assistant + +"John Mark went with them and was helping them" + +# assistant + +"helper" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/06.md b/act/13/06.md index 6697ecc611..4a10a9a58e 100644 --- a/act/13/06.md +++ b/act/13/06.md @@ -1,59 +1,55 @@ -## they had gone ## +# General Information: -"they" refers to Barnabas, Saul, and John Mark +Here the word "they" refers to Paul, Silas, and John Mark. -## the whole island ## +# General Information: -They crossed from one side of the island to the other. They may not have visited every single town. But they would have shared the gospel message in each town they visited. +The words "This man" refer to "Sergius Paulus." The first word "he" refers to Sergius Paulus, the proconsul; the second word "he" refers to Elymas (also called Bar-Jesus), the magician. -## Paphos ## +# the whole island + +They crossed from one side of the island to the other and shared the gospel message in each town they passed through. + +# Paphos a major city on Cyprus island where the proconsul lived -## they found ## +# they found -The word found has the idea of coming across without looking for it, can be translated as "they met" (see UDB) or "they came upon." +Here "found" means they came upon him without looking for him. AT: "they met" or "they came upon" -## a certain magician ## +# a certain magician -"a certain person who practices witchcraft" or "a person who practices supernatural magic arts" +"a particular person who practices witchcraft" or "a person who practices supernatural magic arts" -## name was Bar-Jesus ## +# whose name was Bar Jesus -Jesus** - It means in Greek, "Son of Jesus." However, there is no relation between this man and Jesus Christ. Jesus was considered a common name at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Bar Jesus" means "Son of Jesus." There is no relation between this man and Jesus Christ. Jesus was a common name at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## associated with ## +# associated with "was often with" or "was often in the company of" -## proconsul ## +# proconsul -The governor in charge of the Roman province. This can be translated as "governor." +This was a governor in charge of a Roman province. AT: "governor" -## This man ## +# who was an intelligent man -"Sergius Paulus" +This is background information about Sergius Paulus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Elymas "the magician" ## +# Elymas "the magician" -This was Bar-Jesus, the Magician. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This was Bar-Jesus, who was also called "the magician." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## (that is how his name is translated) ## +# that is how his name is translated "that was what he was called in Greek" -## opposed them; he tried to turn ## +# opposed them; he tried to turn -"resisted them by trying to turn" or "set himself against them by trying to turn" +"resisted them by trying to turn" or "attempted to stop them by trying to turn" -## he wanted ## +# tried to turn the proconsul away from the faith -"Sergius Paulus wanted" - -## he tried ## - -"Elymas tried" - -## tried to turn the proconsul away from the faith ## - -"attempted to persuade the governor to not believe the Gospel message" \ No newline at end of file +"attempted to persuade the governor not to believe the gospel message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/09.md b/act/13/09.md index 771cc1494a..d239d38d9f 100644 --- a/act/13/09.md +++ b/act/13/09.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## Saul, who is called Paul ## +# Connecting Statement: -"who people called Paul" or "who called himself Paul (UDB)". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +While on the island of Paphos, Paul begins to talk to Elymas. -## he gazed at him ## +# General Information: -"Saul looked intently at Elymas the magician" +The words "him," "You," and "you" refer to the magician Elymas (also called Bar Jesus). (See: [Acts 13:6-8](./06.md)) -## you son of the devil ## +# Saul, who is also called Paul -"Son of" is an idiom to be like something. It can be translated as 1) "you child of the devil" or 2) "you are like the devil" or 3) "you act like the devil." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"Saul" as his Jewish name, and "Paul" was his Roman name. Since he was speaking to a Roman official, he used his Roman name. AT: "Saul, who now called himself Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you are full of all kinds of deceit and wickedness ## +# stared at him intensely + +"looked at him intensely" + +# You son of the devil + +Paul is saying the man is acting like the devil. AT: "You are like the devil" or "You act like the devil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you are full of all kinds of deceit and wickedness "you are always intent in causing others to believe what is not true using falsehood and always doing what is wrong" -## wickedness ## +# wickedness In this context it means to be lazy and not diligent in following God's law. -## You are an enemy of every kind of righteousness ## +# You are an enemy of every kind of righteousness -Paul is grouping Elymas with the devil. Just as the devil is an enemy of God and is against righteousness, so was Elymas against God and his righteousness. +Paul is grouping Elymas with the devil. Just as the devil is an enemy of God and is against righteousness, so also was Elymas. -## You will never stop twisting the straight paths of the Lord, will you? ## +# You will never stop twisting the straight paths of the Lord, will you? -Paul is rebuking the magician for following the devil. This can be stated as "You must stop saying that the truth about the Lord God is false" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +Paul uses this question to rebuke Elymas for opposing God. AT: "You are always saying that the truth about the Lord God is false!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the straight paths of the Lord ## +# the straight paths of the Lord -This is an expression for "what is true about the Lord." Paul was rebuking the magician for calling what was true about the Lord lies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "straight paths" refer to the ways that are true. AT: "the true ways of the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/11.md b/act/13/11.md index def5dd0a54..743d483b71 100644 --- a/act/13/11.md +++ b/act/13/11.md @@ -1,37 +1,47 @@ -(Paul continues speaking to Elymas in verse 11.) +# Connecting Statement: -## the hand of the Lord is upon you ## +Paul finishes speaking to Elymas. -This is an expression for the power of God is ready to punish you. This can be translated as "The Lord will punish you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# General Information: -## you will become blind ## +The words "you" and "him" refer to Elymas, the magician. -"God will make you blind" +# General Information: -## You will not see the sun ## +The word "he" refers to the Sergius Paulus, proconsul (governor of Paphos). -Elymas will be completely blind. He will not even see the light of the sun. +# the hand of the Lord is upon you -## for a while ## +Here "hand' represents the power of God and "upon you" implies punishment. AT: "The Lord will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will become blind + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will make you blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will not see the sun + +Elymas will be so completely blind that he not even be able to see the sun. AT: "You will not even see the sun" + +# for a while "for a period of time" or "until the time appointed by God" -## there fell on Elymas a mist and darkness ## +# there fell on Elymas a mist and darkness -"a mist and darkness fell on Elymas" or "a dark mist fell on Elymas" or "the eyes of Elymas became blurry and then darkness" or "Elymas started not to see clearly and then he cannot see anything anymore" +"the eyes of Elymas became blurry and then dark" or "Elymas started seeing unclearly and then he could not see anything" -## he started going around ## +# he started going around -"Elymas wondered around" or "Elymas started feeling around" +"Elymas wandered around" or "Elymas started feeling around and" -## proconsul ## +# proconsul -The governor in charge of the Roman province. This can be translated as “governor.” +This was a governor in charge of a Roman province. AT: "governor" -## he believed ## +# he believed -"the proconsul believed" or "the proconsul believed in Jesus" +"he believed in Jesus" -## he was astonished at ## +# he was astonished at the teaching about the Lord -"the proconsul was astonished by" or "the proconsul felt with great wonder" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the teaching about the Lord amazed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/13.md b/act/13/13.md index 414402f690..76ca276c8b 100644 --- a/act/13/13.md +++ b/act/13/13.md @@ -1,31 +1,51 @@ -## Now ## +# Connecting Statement: -This begins a new part of the story. (See: :en:ta:workbench:discourse:home). +This is a new part of the story about Paul in Antioch in Pisidia. -## Paul and his friends set sail from Paphos ## +# General Information: -"Paul and those who are with him traveled by boat from Paphos." These friends were Barnabas and John Mark. +Verses 13 and 14 give background information about this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## But John left them ## +# General Information: + +"Paul and his friends" were Barnabas and John Mark (also called John). From this point on, Saul is called Paul in Acts. Paul's name is listed first which indicates that he had become the leader of the group. It is important to keep this order in the translation. + +# Now + +This marks the beginning of a new part of the story. + +# set sail from Paphos + +"traveled by sailboat from Paphos" + +# came to Perga in Pamphylia + +"arrived in Perga which is in Pamphylia" + +# But John left them "But John Mark left Paul and Barnabas" -## came to Perga in Pamphilia ## +# Antioch of Pisidia -"arrived in Perga which is in Pamphilia" +"the city of Antioch in the district of Pisidia" -## After the reading of the law and the prophets ## +# After the reading of the law and the prophets -This is an expression for, "After someone read from the books concerning the law and the books concerning the prophets." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The "law and the prophets" refer to parts of the Jewish scriptures which were read. AT: "After someone read from the books of the law and the writings of the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## sent them a message ## +# sent them a message saying -"told someone to talk to Paul and his companions" +"told someone to say" or "asked someone to say" -## if you have any message of encouragement ## +# Brothers -"if anyone among you has any words of encouragement" +The term "brothers" is here used by the people in the synagogue to refer to Paul and Barnabas as fellow Jews. -## say it ## +# if you have any message of encouragement + +"if you want to say anything to encourage us" + +# say it "please speak it" or "please tell it to us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/16.md b/act/13/16.md index f129442456..0f2455ca22 100644 --- a/act/13/16.md +++ b/act/13/16.md @@ -1,31 +1,51 @@ -## motioned with his hands ## +# Connecting Statement: -The motion of his hands could refer to moving his hands as a signal that he was ready to speak. This can be translated as "moved his hands to show that he was about to speak." +Paul begins his speech to those in the synagogue in Pisidian Antioch. He begins by talking about things that happened in Israel's history. -## you who honor God ## +# General Information: -This refers to Gentiles who converted to believing and worshipping God. This can be translated as "you who are not from Israel but worship God." +The first word "he" refers to Paul. The second word "he" refers to God. -## listen ## +# General Information: + +Here the word "our" refers to Paul and his fellow Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# General Information: + +The words "they" and "them" refer to the Israelites. + +# motioned with his hand + +This could refer to moving his hands as a signal that he was ready to speak. AT: "moved his hands to show that he was about to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# you who honor God + +This refers to Gentiles who had converted to Judaism. AT: "you who are not Israelites but who worship God." + +# listen "listen to me" or "listen to what I am about to say" -## the God of this people Israel ## +# The God of this people Israel "The God the people of Israel worship" -## chose our forefathers ## +# our fathers -The pronoun 'our' is exclusive, referring to Paul and his fellow Jews. This can be translated as "chose the Jewish people long ago." +"our ancestors" -## when they stayed ## +# made the people numerous -"when the Israelites stayed" +"caused them to become very numerous" -## led he them out of it ## +# with an uplifted arm -"God led the Israelites to leave the land of Egypt" +This refers to God's mighty power. AT: "with great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he put up with them ## +# out of it -"God tolerated them" or "God endured their disobedience" \ No newline at end of file +"out from the land of Egypt" + +# he put up with them + +This means "he tolerated them." Some versions have have a different word that means "he took care of them." AT: "God endured their disobedience" or "God took care of them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/19.md b/act/13/19.md index d644d6c5f9..dbd93c20a2 100644 --- a/act/13/19.md +++ b/act/13/19.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -(Paul continues to speak) +# General Information: -## After he had ## +Here the word "he" refers to God. -After God had +# General Information: -## he gave our people ## +The words "their land" refer to the land the seven nations had previously occupied. -"God gave Paul's people" or "God gave the people of Israel" +# General Information: -## their land ## +The word "them" refers to the people of Israel. The word "our" refers to Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -"the homeland of the people of Israel" +# nations -## took place over four hundred and fifty years ## +Here the word "nations" refers to different people groups and not to geographical boundaries. -"occurred over 450 years" +# took place over four hundred and fifty years -## God gave them ## +"took more than 450 years to accomplish" -"God gave the people of Israel" +# until Samuel the prophet -## until Samuel the prophet ## - -"until the time of Samuel the prophet" \ No newline at end of file +"until the time of the prophet Samuel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/21.md b/act/13/21.md index 48d3111744..ab82af0f37 100644 --- a/act/13/21.md +++ b/act/13/21.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -(Paul continues to speak.) +# General Information: -## for the time of forty years ## +The quotation here is from the history of Samuel and from a Psalm of Ethan in the Old Testament. -"to be their king for a period of forty (40) years" +# for forty years -## he raised up David ## +"to be their king for forty years" -"God chose David" +# removed him from the kingship -## their king ## +This expression means God caused Saul to stop being king. AT: "rejected Saul from being king" -"king of Israel" or "king over the Israelites" +# he raised up David to be their king -## It was about David that God said ## +"God chose David to be their king." Here "raised up" is an idiom that means God caused David to become the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# their king + +"the king of Israel" or "the king over the Israelites" + +# It was about David that God said "God said this about David" -## I have found David the son of Jesse to be ## +# I have found -"I have observed that David, the son of Jesse, is" +"I have observed that" -## a man after my heart ## +# to be a man after my heart -This is an expression for "a man who desires what I desire" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This expression means he "is a man who wants what I want." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/23.md b/act/13/23.md index 8f875e34a4..683870c662 100644 --- a/act/13/23.md +++ b/act/13/23.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -(Paul continues to speak.) +# General Information: -## From this man’s descendants ## +The quotation here is from the Gospels. -"From David's descendants" +# From this man's descendants -## as he promised to do ## +"From David's descendants." This is placed at the beginning of the sentence to emphasize that the savior had to be one of David's descendants. (See: [Acts 13:22](./21.md)) -"as God promised He would do" +# brought to Israel -## the baptism of repentance ## +This refers to the people of Israel. AT: "gave to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"baptism which signifies repentance" +# as he promised to do -## Who do you think I am? ## +"just as God promised he would do" -John the Baptist asks this question while teaching the people to get them to think about who he is. It could also be translated as, "Think about who I am." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +# the baptism of repentance -## the shoes of whose feet I am not worthy to untie ## +You can translate the word "repentance" as the verb "repent." AT: "the baptism to repent" or "the baptism that people requested when they wanted to repent for their sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"I am not worthy even to untie his shoes" \ No newline at end of file +# Who do you think I am? + +John asked this question to compel the people to think about who he was. AT: "Think about who I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I am not the one + +John was referring to the Messiah, whom they were expecting to come. AT: "I am not the Messiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# But listen + +This emphasizes the importance of what he will say next. + +# one is coming after me + +This also refers to the Messiah. AT: "The Messiah will soon come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the shoes of whose feet I am not worthy to untie + +"I am not worthy even to untie his shoes." The Messiah is so much greater than John that he did not even feel worthy do the lowest job for him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/26.md b/act/13/26.md index 429b31e46b..9d07854663 100644 --- a/act/13/26.md +++ b/act/13/26.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -(Paul continues to speak.) +# General Information: -## children of the line of Abraham ## +Here the word "us" includes Paul and his entire audience in the synagogue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -"descendants of Abraham" (UDB) +# General Information: -## it is to us ## +The word "they" and "their" refers to the Jews who lived in Jerusalem. -"us" is inclusive and refers to Paul and his entire audience in the synagogue. +# Brothers, children of the line of Abraham ... who worship God -## did not really know him ## +Paul addresses his audience of Jews and Gentile converts to Judaism to remind them of their special status as worshiping the true God. -"did not really know Jesus" +# the message about this salvation has been sent -## the message about this salvation has been sent ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has sent the message about this salvation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"God has sent the message about this salvation". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). +# about this salvation -## the voices of the prophets ## +The word "salvation" can be translated with the verb "save." AT: "that God will save people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -This is an expression for "the writings or books of the prophets." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# did not recognize him -## so they fulfilled the prophets' messages ## +"did not realize that this man Jesus was the one whom God had sent to save them" -"So the leaders in Jerusalem actually did just what the prophets said they would do" +# sayings of the prophets -## which are read ## +Here the word "sayings" represents the message of the prophets. AT: "the writings of the prophets" or "the message of the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"which someone reads". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). \ No newline at end of file +# that are read + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which someone reads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they fulfilled sayings of the prophets + +"they actually did just what the prophets said they would do in the books of the prophets" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/28.md b/act/13/28.md index 256875d8d2..ced45b0eeb 100644 --- a/act/13/28.md +++ b/act/13/28.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -(Paul continues to speak.) +# General Information: -## they ## +Here the word "they" refers to the Jewish people and their religious leaders in Jerusalem. The word him" here refers to Jesus. -Multiple "they" refers to the Jewish leaders +# they found no good cause for death -## him ## +"they did not find any reason why Jesus should be killed" -Multiple "him" refers to Jesus - -## they found no good cause for death ## - -The Jewish leaders just wanted to kill Jesus for no good reason. This can be translated as, "the Jewish leaders found no good reason for Jesus to die." - -## they asked Pilate ## +# they asked Pilate The word "asked" here is a strong word meaning to demand, beg or plead for. -## When they had completed all the things that were written about him ## +# When they had completed all the things that were written about him -"When the Jewish leaders did all the things to Jesus that were written in the books of the prophets including Jesus dying" +"When thy did to Jesus all the things that the prophets said would happen to him" -## they took him down from the tree ## +# they took him down from the tree -"Some of the leaders took Jesus down from the cross after Jesus died" \ No newline at end of file +It may be helpful to explicitly say Jesus died before this happened. AT: "they killed Jesus and then took him down from the cross after he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the tree + +"from the cross." This was another way people at that time referred to the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/30.md b/act/13/30.md index c9eee173a2..68a411078f 100644 --- a/act/13/30.md +++ b/act/13/30.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -(Paul continues to speak.) +# But God raised him -## But God raised him ## +"But" indicates a strong contrast between what the people did and what God did. -"But God raised Jesus" +# raised him from the dead ones -## He was seen ## +"raised him from the ones that were dead." To be with "the dead ones" means that Jesus was dead. -"Jesus was seen" +# raised -## are now his witnesses to the people ## +"made alive again" -"are now testifying to the people about Jesus" \ No newline at end of file +# He was seen ... Galilee to Jerusalem + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The disciples who traveled with Jesus from Galilee to Jerusalem saw him for many days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# many days + +We know from other writings that this period was 40 days. Translate "many days" with a term that would be appropriate for that length of time. + +# are now his witnesses to the people + +"are now testifying to the people about Jesus" or "are now telling the people about Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/32.md b/act/13/32.md index 1dc7a9c5ce..25c914f926 100644 --- a/act/13/32.md +++ b/act/13/32.md @@ -1,29 +1,47 @@ -(Paul continues to speak.) +# General Information: -## the promises made to our forefathers ## +The second quotation here is from the prophet Isaiah. -"the promises God made to our forefathers" +# So -## God has kept these promises ## +This word marks an event that happened because of previous event. In this case, the previous event is God's raising Jesus from the dead. -"God has fulfilled these promises" +# our fathers -## to us, their children ## +"our ancestors." Paul is still speaking to the Jews and Gentile converts in the synagogue at Antioch of Pisidia. These were the physical ancestors of the Jews, and the spiritual ancestors of the converts. -"to us, who are the children of our forefathers," +# what God promised to our fathers he has fulfilled for us, their children -## in that he raised up Jesus from the dead ## +"God has fulfilled for us these promises that he made to our ancestors" -"by raising Jesus from among the dead" +# for us, their children -## This is also what was written ## +"for us, who are the children of our ancestors." Paul is still speaking to the Jews and Gentile converts in the synagogue at Antioch of Pisidia. These were the physical ancestors of the Jews, and the spiritual ancestors of the converts. -"This truth is also written" +# by raising up Jesus -## about the fact that he raised him up from the dead so that his body will not decay, he has spoken like this ## +"by making Jesus alive again" -God spoke these words about raising Jesus from death so that Jesus' body would not decay" +# As it is written in the second Psalm -## the holy and sure blessings ## +"This is what was written in the second Psalm" -"the holy and certain blessings" \ No newline at end of file +# the second Psalm + +"Psalm 2" + +# Son ... Father + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# The fact that he raised him up from the dead ones so that his body would never decay, God has spoken in this way + +"God spoke these words about his making Jesus alive again so that he would never die again" + +# from the dead ones + +The phrase "the dead ones" refers to the people who have died. To be raised from among them means to become alive again. + +# sure blessings + +"certain blessings" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/35.md b/act/13/35.md index 3b791407fe..0fe4755f37 100644 --- a/act/13/35.md +++ b/act/13/35.md @@ -1,37 +1,43 @@ -(Paul continues to speak.) +# This is why he also says in another Psalm -## he also says ## +Paul's audience would have understood that this Psalm refers to the Messiah. AT: "In another Psalm of David, he also says about the Messiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"David also says" +# he also says -## You ## +"David also says." David is the author of Psalm 16 from which this quotation is taken. -David is speaking to God +# You will not allow your Holy One to see decay -## experience decay ## +The phrase "see decay" is a metonym for "decay." AT: "You will not allow the body of your Holy One to rot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"for his body to rot" +# You will not allow -## in his own generation ## +David is speaking to God here. + +# in his own generation "during his lifetime" -## served the desires of God ## +# served the desires of God -"served God" or "sought to please God" +"did what God wanted him to do" or "did what pleased God" -## he fell asleep ## +# he fell asleep -"he died" +This was a polite way to refer to death. AT: "he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## was laid with his fathers - ## +# was laid with his fathers -**"was buried with his ancestors who had died" +"was buried with his ancestors who had died" -## but he whom ## +# experienced decay -"But Jesus whom" +The phrase "experienced decay" is a metonym for "his body decayed." AT: "his body rotted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## experienced no decay. ## +# But he whom -"his body did not rot" \ No newline at end of file +"but Jesus whom" + +# experienced no decay + +The phrase "experienced no decay" is a way to say "his body did not decay." AT: "did not rot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/38.md b/act/13/38.md index d8bd643efc..db4f31f034 100644 --- a/act/13/38.md +++ b/act/13/38.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -(Paul continues to speak.) +# General Information: -## let it be known to you ## +Here the word "him" refers to Jesus. + +# let it be known to you "know this" or "this is important for you to know" -## that through this man is proclaimed to you forgiveness of sins ## +# brothers -"that we proclaim to you that your sins can be forgiven through Jesus christ" +Paul uses this term because they are his fellow-Jews and followers of Judaism. They are not Christian believers at this point. AT: "my fellow Israelites and other friends" -## By him ## +# that through this man is proclaimed to you forgiveness of sins -"By Jesus" or "Through Jesus" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that we proclaim to you that your sins can be forgiven through Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## things ## +# forgiveness of sins -"sins" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "forgiveness" can be translated with the verb "to forgive." AT: "that God can forgive your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# By him every one who believes + +"By him every person who believes" or "Every one who believes in him" + +# By him every one who believes is justified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus justifies everyone who believes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all the things + +"all the sins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/40.md b/act/13/40.md index ce9f55c77b..649afa9ecc 100644 --- a/act/13/40.md +++ b/act/13/40.md @@ -1,37 +1,47 @@ -(Paul continues to speak.) +# Connecting Statement: -## that the thing the prophets spoke about ## +Paul finishes his speech in the synagogue in Pisidian Antioch, which he began in [Acts 13:16](./16.md). + +# General Information: + +In his message to the people in the synagogue, Paul quotes the prophet Habakkuk. + +# General Information: + +Here the word "I" refers to God. + +# be careful + +It is implied that the thing they should be careful about is Paul's message. AT: "give close attention to the things I have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# that the thing the prophets spoke about "so that what the prophets spoke about" -## happen to you ## +# Look, you despisers -"You" refers to the synagogue audience. +"you who feel contempt" or "you who ridicule" -## 'Look, you despisers ## +# be astonished -"be alert you who feel contempt" or "be alert you who ridicule me" +"be amazed" or "be shocked" -## and then perish ## +# then perish -"and then die" +"then die" -## For I am ## - -"I" refers to God. - -## am doing a work ## +# am doing a work "am doing something" or "am doing a deed" -## in your days ## +# in your days "during your lifetime" -## a work that ## +# A work that "I am doing something which" -## even if someone announces it to you ## +# even if someone announces it to you -"even if someone told you about it" \ No newline at end of file +"even if someone tells you about it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/42.md b/act/13/42.md index 2615340d8f..995e7f2435 100644 --- a/act/13/42.md +++ b/act/13/42.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## As Paul and Barnabas left ## +# As Paul and Barnabas left "When Paul and Barnabas were leaving" -## begged them that they might ## +# begged them that they might "begged them to" -## proselytes ## +# these same words -these were non-Jewish people who converted to Judaism. +Here "words" refers to the message that Paul had spoken. AT: "this same message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## who spoke to them and urged them ## +# When the synagogue meeting ended + +Possible meanings are 1) this restates "As Paul and Barnabas left" in verse 42 or 2) Paul and Barnabas left the meeting before it ended and this occurs later. + +# proselytes + +These were non-Jewish people who converted to Judaism. + +# who spoke to them and urged them "and Paul and Barnabas spoke to those people and urged them" -## to continue in the grace of God ## +# to continue in the grace of God -"to continue trusting in the grace of God" \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that they believed Paul's message that Jesus was the Messiah. AT: "to continue to trust that God kindly forgives people's sins because of what Jesus did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/44.md b/act/13/44.md index 80193b603e..8602e060f7 100644 --- a/act/13/44.md +++ b/act/13/44.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## almost the whole city ## +# General Information: -This is metonymy for "almost all of the people in the city." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "him" refers to Paul. -## almost the whole city ## +# almost the whole city -This is an example of a hyperbole explained. "the whole city" being the hyperbole and "almost" clarifying what was meant by the hyperbole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]].) +The "city" represents the people in the city. This phrase is used to show the great response to the Lord's word. AT: "almost all the people of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the Jews ## +# to hear the word of the Lord -This is metonymy for "the Jewish leaders." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +It is implied that Paul and Barnabas were the ones who spoke the word of the Lord. AT: "to hear Paul and Barnabas speak about the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they were filled with jealousy ## +# the Jews -"the Jewish leaders were filled with jealousy" or "the Jewish leaders became very jealous" +Here "Jews" represents Jewish leaders. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## insulted him ## +# filled with jealousy -"insulted Paul" \ No newline at end of file +Here jealousy is spoken of as if it were something that could fill up a person. AT: "became very jealous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# spoke against + +"contradicted" or "opposed" + +# the things that were said by Paul + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things that Paul said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/46.md b/act/13/46.md index c8ccadcca6..05586a0490 100644 --- a/act/13/46.md +++ b/act/13/46.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## that the word of God should first be spoken to you ## +# General Information: -"that we speak the word of God to you first". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The first two instances of the word "you" are plural and refer to the Jews to whom Paul is speaking. -## first be spoken to you ## +# General Information: -"first be spoken to you Jews" +Here the words "we" and "us" refers to Paul and Barnabas but not the crowd that was present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## Seeing you push it away from yourselves ## +# General Information: -"Seeing you Jews reject the word of God" +Paul's quotation is from the prophet Isaiah in the Old Testament. In the original passage, the word "I" refers to God and the word "you" is singular and refers to the Messiah. Here, Paul and Barnabas seem to be saying that the quotation also refers to their ministry. -## consider yourselves unworthy of eternal life ## +# It was necessary -The Jewish people rejected Paul's message of eternal life through Jesus Christ. +This implies that God had commanded this be done. AT: "God commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## we will turn ## +# that the word of God should first be spoken to you -"we" refers to Paul & Barnabas but not the crowd that was present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that we speak the word of God to you first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I have placed you as a light ## +# Seeing you push it away from yourselves -This quote was taken from the Old Testament where "I" was God and "you" was originally referring to the Messiah Jesus Christ. Paul expressed how this quote also applies to himself and Barnabas in that they are to share the word of God to the Gentiles as well. \ No newline at end of file +Their rejection of the word of God is spoken of as if it were something they pushed away. AT: "Since you reject the word of God" + +# consider yourselves unworthy of eternal life + +"have shown that you are not worthy of eternal life" or "act as though you are not worthy of eternal life" + +# we will turn to the Gentiles + +Here "turn" refers to a change in to whom they would teach. AT: "we will now tell the message to the Gentiles" + +# as a light + +Here the truth about Jesus that Paul was preaching is spoken of as if it were a light that allowed people to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bring salvation to the uttermost parts of the earth + +The abstract word "salvation" can be translated with the verb "to save." The phrase "uttermost parts" refers to everywhere. AT: "tell people everywhere in the world that I want to save them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/48.md b/act/13/48.md index b3960a5ef7..a0269bc543 100644 --- a/act/13/48.md +++ b/act/13/48.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## as many as were appointed to eternal life ## +# praised the word of the Lord -"all the people whom God had chosen to receive eternal life " +Here "word" refers to the message about Jesus that they had believed. AT: "praised God for the message about the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## were appointed to eternal life ## +# As many as were appointed to eternal life -"God chose to give eternal life" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "As many as God appointed to eternal life believed" or "All the people whom God had chosen to receive eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The word of the Lord was spread out ## +# The word of the Lord was spread out through the whole region -Those who believed went out telling others about the message of Jesus Christ. \ No newline at end of file +Here "word" refers to the message about Jesus. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Those who believed spread the word of the Lord through the whole region" or "Those who believed went everywhere in the region and told others about the message of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/50.md b/act/13/50.md index 080949f456..d3ae725deb 100644 --- a/act/13/50.md +++ b/act/13/50.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## the Jews ## +# Connecting Statement: -"the Jewish leaders" +This ends Paul and Barnabas' time in Antioch of Pisidia and they go to Iconium. -## urged on ## +# General Information: -"persuaded" or "convinced" or a metaphorical language like "stirred up or "fanned the flame so that" +Here the word "they" refers to Paul and Barnabas. -## These stirred up a persecution ## +# the Jews -"These important women and men incited persecution" +This probably refers to the leaders of the Jews. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## threw them out beyond the border of their city ## +# urged on -"removed Paul and Barnabas from their city" or "expelled Paul and Barnabas from their region" +"convinced" or "stirred up" -## shook off the dust from their feet against them ## +# the leading men -Symbolic act to indicate to the unbelieving people there that God had rejected them and would punish them +"the most important men" -## they went ## +# These stirred up a persecution against Paul and Barnabas -"Paul and Barnabas went" \ No newline at end of file +"They convinced the important men and women to persecute Paul and Barnabas" + +# threw them out beyond the border of their city + +"removed Paul and Barnabas from their city" + +# shook off the dust from their feet against them + +This was a symbolic act to indicate to the unbelieving people that God had rejected them and would punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# the disciples + +This probably refers to the new believers in the Antioch of Pisidia that Paul and Silas just left. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/13/intro.md b/act/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7dbc7dd15d --- /dev/null +++ b/act/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Acts 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 13:33-36, 41, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +The chapter marks the beginning of the second half of Acts which focuses on Paul instead of Peter. The church's ministry shifts its focus from the Jewish people to the Gentiles. Peter was the apostle ministering to the Jews, while Paul was the apostle who was responsible for the ministry to the Gentiles. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "A light for the Gentiles" ##### +Light is a common image used in Scripture. The Jews were supposed to reveal the true God, Yahweh, to the Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Old Testament history ##### +A major part of this chapter involves recalling the history of the people of Israel. It will be difficult to understand and translate if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. Paul seems to focus on Jesus being the Messiah, and the promised descendant of David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/01.md b/act/14/01.md index be4156ef4c..2b9786cafa 100644 --- a/act/14/01.md +++ b/act/14/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## It came about in Iconium ## +# General Information: -"The same thing happened in Iconium" +The story of Paul and Barnabas in Iconium continues. -## But the Jews who were disobedient stirred up the minds of the Gentiles and made them bitter against the brothers ## +# It came about in Iconium that -“But the disobedient Jews turned the minds of Gentiles hostile against the believers” \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings here are 1) "It happened in Iconium that" or 2) "In Iconium as usual" + +# spoke in such a way + +"spoke so powerfully." It may be helpful to state that they spoke the message about Jesus. AT: "spoke the message about Jesus so powerfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Jews who were disobedient + +This refers to a portion of the Jews who did not believe the message about Jesus. + +# stirred up the minds of the Gentiles + +Causing the Gentiles to become angry is spoken of as if calm waters were disturbed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the minds + +Here the word "minds" refers to the people. AT: "the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the brothers + +Here "brothers" refers to Paul and Barnabas and the new believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/03.md b/act/14/03.md index 3ad21f5fb8..53069ce09a 100644 --- a/act/14/03.md +++ b/act/14/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## So they stayed there ## +# General Information: -Paul & Barnabas stayed at Iconium for the many believers. "So" can be omitted if it adds confusion to the text. +Here the word "He" refers to the Lord. -## he gave evidence ## +# So they stayed there -"the Lord gave evidence" +"Nevertheless they stayed there." Paul and Barnabas stayed in Iconium to help the many people who had believed in [Acts 14:1](./01.md). "So" could be omitted if it adds confusion to the text. -## about his grace ## +# gave evidence about the message of his grace -"about the Lord's grace" +"demonstrated that the message about his grace was true" -## evidence about the message ## +# about the message of his grace -"evidence that the message was true" +"about the message of the Lord's grace" -## by the hands of Paul and Barnabas ## +# by granting signs and wonders to be done by the hands of Paul and Barnabas -This is an expression referring to the people Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "by enabling Paul and Barnabas to perform signs and wonders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## granting signs and wonders ## +# by the hands of Paul and Barnabas -Jesus enabled Paul and Barnabas to perform signs and wonders. AT: "enabled them to do many miracles" (UDB). +Here "hands" refers to the will and effort of these two men as guided by the Holy Spirit. AT: "by the ministry of Paul and Barnabas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## sided with ## +# the majority of the city was divided -"supported" or "favored" +Here "city"refers to the people in the city. AT: "most of the people of the city were divided" or "most of the people of the city did not agree with each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## with the apostles ## +# sided with the Jews -In this instance Luke is referring to Paul and Barnabas as apostles, placing them on the same level as the twelve apostles. \ No newline at end of file +"supported the Jews" or "agreed with the Jews." The first group mentioned did not agree with the message about grace. + +# with the apostles + +The second group mentioned agreed with the message about grace. It may be helpful to restate the verb. AT: "sided with the apostles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the apostles + +Luke refers to Paul and Barnabas. Here "apostle" might be used in the general sense of "ones sent out." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/05.md b/act/14/05.md index 5a8eca2278..97b523f3fb 100644 --- a/act/14/05.md +++ b/act/14/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## persuade their leaders ## +# General Information: -"convince the leaders of Iconium" +Here the word "they" refers to Paul and Barnabas. -## they became aware of it ## +# attempted to persuade their leaders -"Paul and Barnabas became aware of the plan to harm them" +"tried to convince the leaders of Iconium." Here "attempted" implies they were not able to fully persuade them before the apostles left the city. -## Lycaonia ## +# to mistreat and stone Paul and Barnabas -A district in Asia Minor +"to beat Paul and Barnabas and to kill them by throwing stones at them" -## Lystra ## +# Lycaonia -A city in Asia Minor south of Iconium and north of Derbe +A district in Asia Minor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Derbe ## +# Lystra -A city in Asia Minor south of Iconium and Lystra +A city in Asia Minor south of Iconium and north of Derbe (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and there they were preaching the gospel ## +# Derbe -"and there also Paul and Barnabas were preaching the gospel" \ No newline at end of file +A city in Asia Minor south of Iconium and Lystra (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# there they were proclaiming the gospel + +"Paul and Barnabas also preached the gospel there" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/08.md b/act/14/08.md index 5f29be7c17..1422948d91 100644 --- a/act/14/08.md +++ b/act/14/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## he said to him ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Paul said to the crippled man" +Paul and Barnabas are now in Lystra. -## a cripple from his mother’s womb, who never had walked ## +# General Information: -"who was a cripple from birth, was unable to walk". +The first word "he" refers to the crippled man; the second word "he" refers to Paul. The word "him" refers to the crippled man. -## Paul fixed his eyes on him ## +# a certain man sat + +This introduces a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# powerless in his feet + +"unable to move his legs" or "unable to walk on his feet" + +# cripple + +"lame" + +# a cripple from his mother's womb + +"a cripple from birth" + +# Paul fixed his eyes on him "Paul looked straight at him" -## saw that he ## +# had faith to be made well -"saw that the crippled man" +The abstract noun "faith" can be translated with the verb "believe." AT: "believed that Jesus could heal him" or "believed that Jesus could make him well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to be made well ## +# jumped up -"to be healed" \ No newline at end of file +"leaped in the air." This implies that his legs were completely healed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/11.md b/act/14/11.md index 40418ca25b..88f35cb52f 100644 --- a/act/14/11.md +++ b/act/14/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## raised their voice ## +# what Paul had done -"shouted excitedly" (UDB) +This refers to Paul's healing the crippled man. -## The gods have come down to us ## +# The gods have come down to us -A large number of people believed Paul and Barnabas were their Pagan gods who came down from the sky or heaven. This can be translated as "The gods have come down from the sky to us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +A large number of people believed Paul and Barnabas were their pagan gods who had come down from heaven. AT: "The gods have come down from heaven to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## in the form of men ## +# in the dialect of Lycaonia -These people believed that the gods may not be fully human in appearance. +"in their own Lycaonian language." The people of Lystra spoke Lycaonian and also Greek. -## because he was ## +# in the form of men -"because Paul was" +These people believed that the gods needed to change their appearance in order to look like men. -## oxen and wreaths ## +# Zeus -the animals were to be sacrificed and the wreaths were either to crown Paul and Barnabas or put on the animals for sacrifice. +Zeus was the king over all the other pagan gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## he and the multitudes ## +# Hermes -"the priest and the crowds" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Hermes was the pagan god who brought messages to people from Zeus and the other gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The priest of Zeus, whose temple was just outside the city, brought + +It may be helpful to include additional information about the priest. AT: "There was a temple just outside the city where the people worshiped Zeus. When the priest who served in the temple heard what Paul and Barnabas had done, he brought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# oxen and wreaths + +The oxen were to be sacrificed. The wreaths were either to crown Paul and Barnabas, or put on the oxen for sacrifice. + +# to the gates + +The gates of the cities were often used as a meeting place for the people of the city. + +# wanted to offer sacrifice + +"wanted to offer sacrifice to Paul and Barnabas as the gods Zeus and Hermes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/14.md b/act/14/14.md index 57e2320281..06111e1597 100644 --- a/act/14/14.md +++ b/act/14/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## the apostles ## +# the apostles, Barnabas and Paul -Luke is calling Paul and Barnabas "apostles" equating them with the original twelve apostles. (See: Verse [Acts 14:3](./03.md)) +Luke is here probably using "apostle" in the general sense of "one sent out." -## Men, why are you doing these things? ## +# they tore their clothing -Paul and Barnabas are rebuking the people for trying to sacrifice to them. This can be stated as, "Men, you must not do these things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This was a symbolic action to show that they were deeply distressed and upset that the crowd wanted to sacrifice to them. -## with the same feelings as you - ## +# Men, why are you doing these things? -** This could be translated as "like you in every way." +Barnabas and Paul are rebuking the people for trying to sacrifice to them. AT: "Men, you must not worship us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## turn from these useless things ## +# We also are human beings with the same feelings as you -"stop worshipping these worthless idols" or "stop worshipping these false gods" +By this statement, Barnabas and Paul are saying that they are not gods. AT: "We are just human beings like you. We are not gods!" -## a living God ## +# with the same feelings as you -"instead, worship the living God" +"like you in every way" -## to walk in ## +# turn from these useless things to a living God + +"stop worshiping these false gods that cannot help you, and instead begin to worship the living God" + +# a living God + +"a God who truly exists" or "a God who lives" + +# In the past ages + +"In previous times" or "Until now" + +# to walk in "to live according to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/17.md b/act/14/17.md index eaaf8a312a..b403268cbd 100644 --- a/act/14/17.md +++ b/act/14/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -(Paul and Barnabas continue their exhortation.) +# Connecting Statement: -## he did not leave himself ## +Paul and Barnabas continue speaking to the crowd outside the city of Lystra. (See: [Acts 14:8](./08.md)) -"God did not leave himself" +# he did not leave himself without witness -## in that ## +This could also be stated in positive form. AT: "God has certainly left a witness" or "God has indeed testified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -This could be translated as "as evidenced by the fact that." +# in that -## gave you…filling your hearts ## +"as shown by the fact that" -Paul is referring to his whole audience in "you." +# filling your hearts with food and gladness -## filling your hearts with food and gladness ## +Here "you hearts" refers to the people. AT: "giving you enough to eat and things about which to be happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"giving you enough to eat and things to be happy about" +# Paul and Barnabas barely kept the multitudes from sacrificing to them -## Paul and Barnabas barely kept the multitudes from sacrificing to them ## +Paul and Barnabas stopped the multitude from sacrificing to them, but it was difficult to do so. -The multitudes almost sacrificed bulls to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +# barely kept + +"had difficulty preventing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/19.md b/act/14/19.md index f4b3dd1cc9..8b091f8640 100644 --- a/act/14/19.md +++ b/act/14/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## persuaded the crowds ## +# General Information: -"turned the crowds against Paul" +Here the words "he" and "him" refer to Paul. -## around him...he got up...he went ## +# persuaded the crowds -refers to Paul +It my be helpful to explicitly state what they persuaded the crowd to do. AT: "persuaded the people not to believe Paul and Barnabas, and to turn against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## entered the city ## +# the crowds + +This may not be the same group as the "multitude" in the previous verse. Some time had passed, and this might be a different group that gathered together. + +# thinking that he was dead + +"because they thought that he was already dead" + +# the disciples + +These were new believers in the city of Lystra. + +# entered the city "Paul re-entered Lystra with the believers" -## he went to Derbe ## +# he went to Derbe with Barnabas -"Paul went to Derbe" \ No newline at end of file +"Paul and Barnabas went to the city of Derbe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/21.md b/act/14/21.md index 1d8d70fd34..45c896af1a 100644 --- a/act/14/21.md +++ b/act/14/21.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## they had preached...They returned...they kept...They told ## +# General Information: -refers to Paul and Barnabas +Here the words "they" and "They" refer to Paul. -## that city ## +# General Information: -"Derbe" +Here the word "We" includes Paul, Barnabas, and the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## They kept strengthening the minds of the disciples ## +# that city -Paul and Barnabas caused the believers to believe and grow more firmly in the truth of the gospel. +"Derbe" (See: [Acts 14:20](./19.md)) -## encouraging them to continue in the faith ## +# They kept strengthening the souls of the disciples -Paul and Barnabas were encouraging them to keep trusting in Jesus. +Here "souls" refers to the disciples. This emphasizes their inner thoughts and beliefs. AT: "Paul and Barnabas urged the believers to continue to believe the message about Jesus" or "Paul and Barnabas urged the believers to continue to grow strong in their relationship with Jesus (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## They told them that it is through many sufferings that we must enter into the kingdom of God ## +# encouraging them to continue in the faith -This is an indirect speech quote. It can be translated using a direct speech quote as, "They told them, 'It is through many sufferings that we must enter the kingdom of God.' " (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -## they told them ## - -"Paul and Barnabas told the believers in Lystra, Iconium and Antioch" - -## we must enter ## - -Paul is including himself, Barnabas and the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"encouraging the believers to keep trusting in Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/23.md b/act/14/23.md index 82d5b7bfc3..51eee85b56 100644 --- a/act/14/23.md +++ b/act/14/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## When they had appointed for them ## +# General Information: -"When Paul and Barnabas had appointed leaders for the new groups of believers"​ +Except for the third use of the word "they" which refers to the people that Paul and Barnabas had led to the Lord, all the words "they" here refer to Paul and Barnabas. -## they entrusted them ## +# When they had appointed for them elders in every church -"Paul and Barnabas entrusted the elders they appointed" +"When Paul and Barnabas had appointed leaders in each new group of believers" -## in whom they had believed ## +# they entrusted them -"in whom the new believers had believed" +Possible meanings are 1) "Paul and Barnabas entrusted the elders they had appointed" or 2) "Paul and Barnabas entrusted the leaders and other believers" -## Then they passed…When they had spoken…they went down…from there they sailed…where they had been…which they had now completed ## +# in whom they had believed -"they" refers to Paul and Barnabas +Who "they" refers to depends on your choice for the meaning of "them" in the previous note (either elders or leaders and other believers). -## where they had been committed to the grace of God ## +# went down to Attalia -"Where the people of Antioch prayed that God would care for and protect Paul and Barnabas" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "went down" is used here because Attalia is lower in elevation than Perga. + +# where they had been committed to the grace of God + +This can be stated in the active form. AT: "where believers and leaders in Antioch had committed Paul and Barnabas to the grace of God" or "where the people of Antioch prayed that God would care for and protect Paul and Barnabas" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/27.md b/act/14/27.md index c610277924..7424172b48 100644 --- a/act/14/27.md +++ b/act/14/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## when they arrived ## +# General Information: -"When Paul and Barnabas arrived" +Here the words "they," "them," and "They" refer to Paul and Barnabas. The word "he" refers to God. -## God had done with them ## +# gathered the church together -"God had done through Paul and Barnabas" +"called the local believers to meet together" -## How he had ## +# he had opened a door of faith for the Gentiles -"How God had" - -## he had opened a door of faith for the gentiles ## - -This metaphor can be translated as “God had made a way for the gentiles to believe,” or “God had made it possible for the gentiles to believe” or “God had given the Gentiles the opportunity to believe.” Just as a person cannot go through a closed door unless someone opens it, the gentiles could not have faith in God unless God made it possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## They stayed ## - -"Paul and Barnabas stayed" \ No newline at end of file +God's enabling the Gentiles to believe is spoken of as if he had opened a door that had prevented them from entering into faith. AT: "God had made it possible for the Gentiles to believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/14/intro.md b/act/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e77b0d0c31 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Acts 14 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The message of his grace" ##### +The gospel message is one centered upon the grace of God. It is this message: God will show grace and mercy to those who believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]], and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### Zeus and Hermes ##### + +The Gentiles in the ancient Near East worshiped many different false gods. They are contrasted with the "living God," Yahweh, because they have no power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "It is through many sufferings that we must enter into the kingdom of God" ##### +Suffering itself cannot lead to salvation. Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage. Some believe that suffering accompanies salvation and one should equate the phrase "entering the kingdom of God" with eternal life. Others do not wish to equate these terms, and see that suffering earns a person rewards in the future kingdom of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 14:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/01.md b/act/15/01.md index 66df1d928d..c9797be79b 100644 --- a/act/15/01.md +++ b/act/15/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Certain men ## +# Connecting Statement: -"some men" +Paul and Barnabas are still in Antioch when there is a dispute about the Gentiles and circumcision. -## came down from Judea ## +# Some men -"came down from" is less of a literal expression of elevation (Judea being higher in elevation than Antioch), than that of the Jewish world view. The Jews viewed travel to Jerusalem and the temple, as going “up”, and travel away from Jerusalem and the temple as going “down.” +"Some men." You can make explicit that these men were Jews who believed in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## taught the brothers ## +# came down from Judea -"continued to teach the believers at Antioch" or "were teaching the believers at Antioch" +The phrase "came down" is used here because Judea is higher in elevation than Antioch. -## after the custom ## +# taught the brothers -"according to the custom" or "following the teaching" +Here "brothers" stands for believers in Christ. It is implied that they were in Antioch. AT: "taught the believers at Antioch" or "were teaching the believers at Antioch" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## with them ## +# Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved -"with the men from Judea" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Unless someone circumcises you according to the custom of Moses, God cannot save you" or "God will not save you from your sins unless you receive circumcision according to the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## go up to Jerusalem ## +# a sharp dispute and debate with them -(see note above on "came down…") +The abstract nouns "sharp dispute" and "debate" can be stated as verbs and where the men came from can be made explicit. AT: "had confronted and debated with the men from Judea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## this question ## +# go up to Jerusalem + +Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem. + +# this question "this issue" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/03.md b/act/15/03.md index f184b794a5..0c85034e7a 100644 --- a/act/15/03.md +++ b/act/15/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## They therefore, being sent by the church, passed ## +# General Information: -This is a passive sentence which can be translated as, "Therefore the church sent Paul, Barnabas, and some other believers from Antioch to Jerusalem. They passed... ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here the words "They," "they," and "them" refer to Paul, Barnabas, and certain others. (See: [Acts 15:2](./01.md)) -## passed through…announced ## +# They therefore, being sent by the church -The words used for "passed through" and "announced" indicate they spent some time in different places sharing in detail what God was doing.​ +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Therefore the community of believers sent them from Antioch to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the conversion of the Gentiles ## +# being sent by the church -Many Gentiles changed their belief from the Greek & Roman gods to believing in Jesus. +Here "church" stands for the people that were a part of the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## they were welcomed by the church and... ## +# passed through ... announced -This is a passive construction that can be translated as "The church members welcomed them including..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The words "passed through" and "announced" indicate they spent some time in different places sharing in detail what God was doing. -## with them ## +# announced the conversion of the Gentiles + +The abstract noun "conversion" means the Gentiles were rejecting their false gods and believing in God. AT: "announced to the community of believers in those places that Gentiles were believing in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# They brought great joy to all the brothers + +Their message causing the brothers to be joyful is spoken of as if "joy" were an object that they brought to the brothers. AT: "What they said caused their fellow believers to rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the brothers + +Here "brothers" refers to fellow believers. + +# they were welcomed by the church and the apostles and the elders + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the apostles, the elders, and the rest of the community of believers welcomed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with them "through them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/05.md b/act/15/05.md index f36d99abe5..353c33e065 100644 --- a/act/15/05.md +++ b/act/15/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## But ## +# Connecting Statement: -Luke contrasts those who believe "salvation is only in Jesus" to some men from the Pharisees who believed in Jesus yet believe "circumcision is required for salvation." +Paul and Barnabas are now in Jerusalem to meet with the apostles and elders there. -## to circumcise them and to command them ## +# General Information: -"them" refers to non-Jewish believers who were not previously circumcised. +Here the word "them" refers to non-Jewish believers who were not circumcised and did not keep the Old Testament laws of God. -## to keep the law ## +# But certain men -"to obey the law" or "to follow the law" +Here Luke contrasts those who believe that salvation is only in Jesus to others who believe salvation is by Jesus yet also believe that circumcision is required for salvation. -## to consider this matter ## +# to keep the law of Moses -"to discuss the difference in beliefs". That is, to debate the different salvation messages between Paul's gospel (salvation in Jesus) and the Pharisee's gospel (salvation in circumcision and law). \ No newline at end of file +"to obey the law of Moses" + +# to consider this matter + +The church leaders decided to discuss whether or not Gentiles needed to be circumcised and obey the Law of Moses in order for God to save them from their sins. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/07.md b/act/15/07.md index cfca66f031..06278320ca 100644 --- a/act/15/07.md +++ b/act/15/07.md @@ -1,39 +1,55 @@ -## said to them ## +# Connecting Statement: -"said to the group of apostles, elders and other believers present" +Peter begins to speak to the apostles and elders who met to discuss whether Gentiles had to receive circumcision and keep the law. (See: [Acts 15:5-6](./05.md)) -## brothers ## +# General Information: -Specifically, Peter is addressing the men present. +The first word "them" refers to apostles and elders ([Acts 15:6](./05.md)) and the other words "them" and "their" refer to the believing Gentiles. -## good while ago ## +# General Information: -"a long while ago" (UDB) +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the apostles and elders present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## among you ## +# General Information: -among the Jewish believers +The word "he" refers to God. -## by my mouth ## +# General Information: -Peter uses this expression to refer to himself. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "us" is plural and refers to Peter, the apostles and elders, and all Jewish believers in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## the Gentiles should hear ## +# Brothers + +Peter is addressing all of the believers who were present. + +# by my mouth + +Here "mouth" refers to Peter. AT: "from me" or "by me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the Gentiles should hear "the Gentiles would hear" -## witnesses to them ## +# the word of the gospel + +Here "word" stands for a message. AT: "the message about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who knows the heart + +Here "heart" refers to the "minds" or "inner beings." AT: "who knows the people's minds" or "who knows what people think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# witnesses to them "witnesses to the Gentiles" -## and he made ## +# giving them the Holy Spirit -"and God made" +"causing the Holy Spirit to come upon them" -## made no distinction ## +# made no distinction -God did not perceive as different and did not discriminate between the Jewish believers and the Gentile believers. +God did not treat Jewish believers different from Gentile believers. -## between us and them ## +# making their hearts clean by faith -Peter is including his audience in "us" (see [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]). "them" refers to the Gentiles. \ No newline at end of file +God's forgiving the Gentile believers' sins is spoken as though he literally cleaned their hearts. Here "heart" stands for the person's inner being. AT: "forgiving their sins because they believed in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/10.md b/act/15/10.md index a12c246539..b97b15cd9f 100644 --- a/act/15/10.md +++ b/act/15/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -(Peter continues to speak.) +# Connecting Statement: -## why do you test God, that you should put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? ## +Peter finishes speaking to the apostles and elders. -This is a rhetorical question where Peter is saying to the Jewish believers that they should not require the non-Jewish believers to follow the law of Moses and specifically circumcision. This could also be translated as "Do not test God by putting a burden on the non-Jewish believers which we Jews were not able to bear!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +# General Information: -## neither our fathers nor we ## +Peter includes his audience by his use of "our" and "we." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -Peter is including his audience in the use of "our" and "we." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +# Now -## But we believe that we shall be saved ## +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -Peter is including his Jewish audience with himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +# why do you test God, that you should put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? -## just as they were ## +Peter uses a question with a word picture to tell the Jewish believers they should not require the non-Jewish believers to perform circumcision to be saved. AT: "Do not test God by putting a burden on the non-Jewish believers which we Jews were not able to bear!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"just as the non-Jewish believers were" \ No newline at end of file +# our fathers + +This refers to their Jewish ancestors. + +# But we believe that we shall be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, just as they were + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But we believe the Lord Jesus shall save us by his grace, just as he saved the non-Jewish believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/12.md b/act/15/12.md index 68a06f78e9..0ccf7afed7 100644 --- a/act/15/12.md +++ b/act/15/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## All the multitude ## +# General Information: -the apostles, elders, and other unidentified believers present +Here the word "them" refers to Paul and Barnabas. -## God had worked ## +# All the multitude -"God did" +"Everyone" or "The whole group" (See: [Acts 15:6](./05.md)) -## through them ## +# God had worked -"them" refers to Paul and Barnabas \ No newline at end of file +"God had done" or "God had caused" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/13.md b/act/15/13.md index c9e07f388f..c0d8050c93 100644 --- a/act/15/13.md +++ b/act/15/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## after they stopped speaking ## +# Connecting Statement: -"After Barnabas and Paul finished speaking" +James begins to speak to the apostles and elders. (See: [Acts 15:6](./05.md)) -## a people - ## +# General Information: -**"a group of people" +Here the word "they" refers to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [Acts 15:12](./12.md)) -## take from them ## +# Brothers -"choose from among them" +"Fellow believers" -## for his name ## +# in order to take from them a people -This is an expression for himself. This can be translated as "for himself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"so that he might choose from among them a people" + +# for his name + +"for God's name." Here "name" refers to God. AT: "for himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/15.md b/act/15/15.md index 46e39d3741..6b4987959a 100644 --- a/act/15/15.md +++ b/act/15/15.md @@ -1,25 +1,51 @@ -(James continues to speak.) +# Connecting Statement: -## agree with this ## +James quotes the prophet Amos from the Old Testament. -"confirm this truth" or "agree with this truth" +# General Information: -## I will return...I will build...I will set up ## +Here "I" refers to God who spoke through the words of his prophet. -"I" refers to God who is speaking through the words of the prophet. +# The words of the prophets agree -## I will build again the tent of David ## +Here "words" stands for a message. AT: "What the prophets said agrees" or "The prophets agree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This is an expression referring to God choosing a king from the descendants of King David. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# agree with this -## I will set up and restore its ruins again, so that the remnant of men may seek the Lord ## +"confirm this truth" -"I will set up a king from David's descendants so that people may have the opportunity to seek the Lord" +# as it is written -## restore its ruins ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as they wrote" or "as the prophet Amos wrote long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"ruins" refers to the buildings, walls, and belongings left behind when a town has been destroyed or left to decay over many years. +# I will build again the tent of David, which has fallen down ... its ruins again -## who makes these ancient things known ## +This speaks of God's again choosing one of David's descendants to rule over his people as though he were setting up a tent again after it fell down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"who makes these things known from long ago" \ No newline at end of file +# tent + +Here "tent" stands for David's family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the remnant of men may seek the Lord + +This speaks about people wanting to obey God and learn more about him as if they were literally looking for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# remnant of men + +Here "men" includes males and females. AT: "remnant of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# may seek the Lord + +God is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "may seek me, the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# including all the Gentiles called by my name + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "including all the Gentiles who belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my name + +Here "my name" stands for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that have been known + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that people have known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/19.md b/act/15/19.md index fdbbc4dbc5..2b0779a801 100644 --- a/act/15/19.md +++ b/act/15/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -(James continues to speak.) +# Connecting Statement: -## we should not trouble those of the Gentiles ## +James finishes speaking to the apostles and elders. (See: [Acts 15:2](./03.md) and [Acts 15:13](./13.md)) -"we should not require the gentiles to become circumcised and obey the laws of Moses". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# General Information: -## that we should not trouble ## +Here "we" includes James, the apostles, and the elders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -James is including the apostles, the elders and the circumcised group in "we." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +# we should not trouble those of the Gentiles -## idols…sexual immorality…strangled…blood ## +You can make explicit in what way James does not want to trouble the Gentiles. AT: "we should not require the Gentiles to become circumcised and obey the laws of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -sexual immorality, strangling animals, and drinking blood were often part of ceremonies to worship idols and false gods. +# who turn to God -## For Moses from generation ## +A person who starts obeying God is spoken of as if the person is physically turning towards God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"for Moses" is an expression for referring to the Laws God gave Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# they must keep away from the pollution of idols ... sexual immorality ... strangled ... blood -## preaching and reading him ## +Sexual immorality, strangling animals, and consuming blood were often part of ceremonies to worship idols and false gods. -"preaching and reading the laws of Moses" \ No newline at end of file +# pollution of idols + +This possibly refers to eating the meat of an animal that someone has sacrificed to an idol or to anything to do with idol worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the meat of strangled animals, and from blood + +God did not allow Jews to eat meat that still had the blood in it. Also, even earlier in Moses' writings in Genesis, God had forbidden the drinking of blood. Therefore, they could not eat an animal that someone strangled because the blood was not properly drained from the body of the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Moses has been proclaimed in every city ... and he is read in the synagogues every Sabbath + +James is implying that Gentiles know how important these rules are because Jews preach them in every city where there is a synagogue. It also implies the Gentiles can go to the teachers from the synagogues to learn more about these rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Moses has been proclaimed + +Here "Moses" represents the law of Moses. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The law of Moses has been proclaimed" or "Jews have taught the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in every city + +The word "every" here is a generalization. AT: "in many cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# and he is read + +Here "he" refers to Moses, whose name here represents his law. AT: "and the law is read" or "and they read the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/22.md b/act/15/22.md index 26c3f8f90e..4b908dfbc3 100644 --- a/act/15/22.md +++ b/act/15/22.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## the whole church ## +# General Information: -This is an expression for the church members in Jerusalem were in agreement with the apostles and elders. This can be translated as, "the whole Jerusalem church." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here the word "them" refers to Judas and Silas. The word "They" refers to the apostles, elders, and other believers of the church in Jerusalem. -## Judas Barsabbas ## +# the whole church -a leader in the Jerusalem church +Here "church" refers to the people who are a part of the church in Jerusalem. AT: "the church in Jerusalem" or "the whole community of believers in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Silas ## +# Judas called Barsabbas -a leader in the Jerusalem church +This is the name of a man. "Barsabbas" is a second name that people called him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## send them ## +# From the apostles and elders, your brothers, to the Gentile brothers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia: Greetings! -"send Judas and Silas" +This is the introduction of the letter. Your language may have a way of introducing the author of the letter and to whom it is written. AT: "This letter is from your brothers, the apostles and elders. We are writing to you Gentile believers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia. Greetings to you" or "To our Gentile brothers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia. Greetings from the apostles and elders, your brothers" -## They wrote this ## +# your brothers ... the Gentile brothers -"The apostles, other elders and the believers in Jerusalem wrote these words" +Here the word "brothers" refers to fellow believers. By using these words, the apostles and elders assure the Gentile believers that they accept them as fellow believers. -## Cilicia ## +# Cilicia -A province on the coast in Asia Minor north of the Island of Cyprus \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a province on the coast in Asia Minor north of the Island of Cyprus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/24.md b/act/15/24.md index e40c55f4ef..9f48dbc2d6 100644 --- a/act/15/24.md +++ b/act/15/24.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -(The letter from the Jerusalem church to the Gentile believers in Antioch continues.) +# General Information: -## that certain men ## +Here all instances of "we," "our," and "us" refer to the believers in the church in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [Acts 15:22](./22.md)) + +# that certain men "that some men" -## to whom we gave no such commandment ## +# with no orders from us -we did not send them out to preach these words. +"even though we gave no orders for them to go" -## So it seemed good to all of us ## +# disturbed you with teachings that upset your souls -We were all in agreement +Here "souls" refers to the people. AT: "have taught things that have troubled you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## our beloved Barnabas and Paul ## +# to choose men -This is an expression of endearment. "whom we love very much" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +The men they sent were Judas called Barsabbas and Silas. (See: [Acts 15:22](./22.md)) + +# for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ + +Here "name" refers to the whole person. AT: "because they believe in our Lord Jesus Christ" or "because they serve our Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/27.md b/act/15/27.md index 7df2cf4f81..1714b1094b 100644 --- a/act/15/27.md +++ b/act/15/27.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -(The letter from the Jerusalem church to the Gentile believers in Antioch continues.) +# Connecting Statement: -## We have sent therefore Judas and Silas ## +This concludes the letter from the Jerusalem church to the Gentile believers in Antioch. -"Therefore we have sent Judas and Silas" or "Because of this we have sent Judas and Silas" +# General Information: -## who will also tell you the same things ## +Here the words "We" and "us" refer to the leaders and believers in the church in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [Acts 15:22](./22.md)) -"who themselves will say in person the same things we wrote about" +# who will tell you the same thing themselves in their own words -## blood ## +This phrase emphasizes that Judas and Silas will say the same things that the apostles and elders had written. AT: "who themselves will tell you the same things about which we have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Refers to drinking or eating the blood of animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things -## things strangled ## +This speaks about laws that people need to obey as if they were objects that people carry on their shoulders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The animal was killed but the blood was not drained. +# that you turn away -## Farewell ## +This speaks about not participating in certain behaviors as if the person were physically turning away from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -a final greeting or leave taking that is used at the end of letters. It can be translated as "Goodbye." \ No newline at end of file +# from things sacrificed to idols + +This means they are not allowed to eat the meat of an animal that someone sacrifices to an idol. + +# blood + +This refers to drinking blood or eating meat from which the blood has not been drained. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# things strangled + +A strangled animal was killed but its blood was not drained. + +# Farewell + +This announces the end of the letter. AT: "Goodbye" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/30.md b/act/15/30.md index 8bdec48f10..bbc258cdbd 100644 --- a/act/15/30.md +++ b/act/15/30.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## so they, when they…after they…they delivered ## +# Connecting Statement: -"they" refers to Judas, Silas, Paul and Barnabas +Paul, Barnabas, Judas, and Silas leave for Antioch. -## were dismissed ## +# So they, when they were dismissed, came down to Antioch -" were given permission to leave" or "were sent away" +The word "they" refers to Paul, Barnabas, Judas, and Silas. AT: "So when the four men were dismissed, they came down to Antioch" -## down to Antioch ## +# when they were dismissed -an elevation change. Also, away from Jerusalem, regardless of elevation in the final destination, was "down" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the apostles and elders dismissed the four men" or "when the believers in Jerusalem sent them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they had read it, they rejoiced ## +# came down to Antioch -"they" refers here to the Gentile believers in Antioch. +The phrase "came down" is used here because Antioch is lower in elevation than Jerusalem. -## encouraged the brothers ## +# they rejoiced -"encouraged the believers at Antioch" +"the believers in Antioch rejoiced" -## also prophets ## +# because of the encouragement -being a prophet carried authority from God in a special way. This may be translated as "because they were prophets" or "being prophets" UDB. \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "encouragement" can be expressed with the verb "encourage." AT: "because what the apostles and elders wrote encouraged them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# also prophets + +Prophets were teachers authorized by God to speak for him. AT: "because they were prophets" or "who were also prophets" + +# the brothers + +"the fellow believers" + +# strengthened them + +Helping someone to depend even more on Jesus is spoken of as if they were making them physically stronger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/33.md b/act/15/33.md index e3565c5858..afc6d9efd5 100644 --- a/act/15/33.md +++ b/act/15/33.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## After they…they were sent ## +# Connecting Statement: -"they" refers to Judas and Silas. +Judas and Silas return to Jerusalem while Paul and Barnabas remain in Antioch. -## some time ## +# After they had spent some time there -"for a period of time" or "for several weeks" +This speaks about time as if it were a commodity that a person could spend. The word "they" refers to Judas and Silas. AT: "After they stayed there for a while" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they were sent away in peace from the brothers ## +# they were sent away in peace from the brothers -"the believers said farewell as they left" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the brothers sent Judas and Silas back in peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in peace from the brothers ## +# the brothers -as friends from the Antioch church +This refers to the believers in Antioch. -## to those who had sent them ## +# to those who had sent them -"to the Jerusalem Church that sent Judas and Silas" +"to the believers in Jerusalem who sent Judas and Silas" (See: [Acts 15:22](./22.md)) -## But Paul and Barnabas stayed ## +# where they taught -"While Paul and Barnabas remained" +The word "they" here refers to Paul and Barnabas. -## Some ancient authorities ## +# the word of the Lord -This has to do with variations in different ancient manuscripts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "word" stands for a message. AT: "the message about the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/36.md b/act/15/36.md index eb347e3406..8e959a0a37 100644 --- a/act/15/36.md +++ b/act/15/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## Let us ## +# Connecting Statement: -"I suggest we" +Paul and Barnabas go on separate journeys. -## visit the brothers ## +# Let us return now -"visit" means to "care for" or "see how one can help." +"I suggest we now return" -## see how they are ## +# visit the brothers -"learn about the current condition of the brothers and how they are holding on to the truth given to them" +"care for the brothers" or "offer to help the believers" -## take with them John who was called Mark ## +# the word of the Lord -"take John, who was also called Mark, along with Paul and himself (Barnabas)" \ No newline at end of file +Here "word" stands for the message. AT: "the message about the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# see how they are + +"learn how they are doing." They want to learn about the current condition of the brothers and how they are holding on to God's truth. + +# to also take with them John who was called Mark + +"to take John, who was also called Mark" + +# Paul thought it was not good to take Mark + +The words "not good" are used to say the opposite of good. AT: "Paul thought that taking Mark would be bad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Pamphylia + +This was a province in Asia Minor. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:10](../02/08.md). + +# did not go further with them in the work + +"did not continue to work with them then" or "did not continue to serve with them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/39.md b/act/15/39.md index 38be07866c..35da6b065e 100644 --- a/act/15/39.md +++ b/act/15/39.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## sharp disagreement ## +# General Information: -Paul and Barnabas could not come to an understanding or agreement. +Here the word "they" refers to Barnabas and Paul. -## that they separated ## +# Then there arose a sharp disagreement -"that Barnabas and Paul separated" +The abstract noun "disagreement" can be stated as the verb "disagree." AT: "They strongly disagreed with each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## and sailed away ## +# after he was entrusted by the brothers to the grace of the Lord -"and they sailed away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +To entrust to someone means to place the care and responsibility for someone or something to another person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "after the believers in Antioch entrusted Paul to the grace of the Lord" or "after the believers in Antioch prayed for the Lord to take care of Paul and show kindness to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## by the brothers ## +# he went -"by the believers at Antioch" +The previous sentence implies that Silas was with Paul. AT: "they went" or "Paul and Silas went" or "Paul took Silas and went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## went through Syria and Cilicia ## +# went through Syria and Cilicia -These are provinces in Asia Minor, north of the island of Cyprus. +These are provinces or areas in Asia Minor, near the island of Cyprus. -## strengthening the churches ## +# strengthening the churches -"making the churches spiritually strong" \ No newline at end of file +Encouraging the believers in the churches is spoken of as though Paul and Silas were making the believers physically stronger. The word "churches" refers to the groups of believers in Syria and Cilicia. AT: "encouraging the believers in the churches" or "helping the community of believers to depend even more in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/15/intro.md b/act/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4aef3fccca --- /dev/null +++ b/act/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Acts 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 15:16-18, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +The events of this chapter are commonly called the "Jerusalem Council." This was a time when many church leaders got together to discuss the relationship between the Gentiles and the law of Moses. The council affirmed that Gentiles did not need to follow the law. In fact, no one within the church should follow this law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Brothers ##### +Brothers is now being used to reference fellow Christians instead of fellow Jews. + +##### "You cannot be saved" ##### +This is obviously a false idea. Even during the Old Testament times, a person was saved by their faith and not by their obedience to the law of Moses. Paul and Barnabas went to Jerusalem to discuss this issue so that the church could have unity. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### "Turn away from things sacrificed to idols, blood, things strangled, and from sexual immorality" ##### +It is possible that these actions were necessary for harmony between the Jews and Gentiles. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/01.md b/act/16/01.md index 4691e40a43..fee640fb44 100644 --- a/act/16/01.md +++ b/act/16/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,47 @@ -## behold ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses “There was a man who was…” +This continues the missionary journeys of Paul with Silas. -## the son of a Jewish woman who believed ## +# General Information: -"the son of a Jewish woman who believed in Christ" +Timothy is introduced into the story and joins Paul and Silas. Verses 1 and 2 give background information about Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## He was well spoken of ## +# General Information: -"Timothy had a good reputation" or "the believers said good things about him" +The first, third, and fourth instances of the word "him" refer to Timothy. The second "him" refers to Paul. -## Paul wanted him to travel with him; so he took him ## +# Paul also came -"Paul wanted Timothy to travel with him (Paul); so Paul took Timothy". All other third person pronouns (he, him, his) throughout these verses refer to Timothy. +Here "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## his father was a Greek ## +# Derbe -As a Greek, Timothy's father would not have personally circumcised Timothy; so Paul circumcised him. Circumcision was often performed by a Jewish Rabbi, such as Paul. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city in Asia Minor. See how you translated it in [Acts 14:6](../14/05.md). + +# behold + +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the narrative. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# who believed + +The words "in Christ" are understood. AT: "who believed in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# He was well spoken of by the brothers + +This can be stated in active from. AT: "The brothers spoke well of him" or "Timothy had a good reputation among the brothers" or "The brothers said good things about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the brothers + +Here "brothers" refers to believers. AT: "by the believers" + +# circumcised him + +It is possible that Paul himself circumcised Timothy, but it is more likely that he had someone else circumcise Timothy. + +# because of the Jews that were in those places + +"because of the Jews living in the areas where Paul and Timothy would be traveling" + +# for they all knew that his father was a Greek + +Since Greek men did not have their sons circumcised, the Jews would have known Timothy was not circumcised, and they would have rejected Paul and Timothy before hearing their message about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/04.md b/act/16/04.md index 9edd7ed2d1..105bc848d6 100644 --- a/act/16/04.md +++ b/act/16/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## they went ## +# General Information: -This pronoun refers to Paul, Silas, and Timothy. +The word "they" here refers to Paul, Silas ([Acts 15:40](../15/39.md)), and Timothy ([Acts 16:3](./01.md)). -## for them to obey ## +# they delivered to the churches + +"they told to the believers in the churches there" + +# for them to obey "for the church members to obey" or "for the believers to obey" -## that had been written by the apostles and elders in Jerusalem ## +# that had been written by the apostles and elders in Jerusalem -"that the apostles and elders in Jerusalem had written". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the apostles and elders in Jerusalem had written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the churches were strengthened ## +# the churches were strengthened in the faith and increased in number daily -"Paul, Silas, and Timothy strengthened the churches". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The believers became stronger in their faith, and there were more and more people becoming believers every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the churches were strengthened in the faith + +This speaks of helping someone to believe more confidently as if it were making them physically stronger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the churches + +Here this stands for the believers in the churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/06.md b/act/16/06.md index 70aab60481..a40b5dc900 100644 --- a/act/16/06.md +++ b/act/16/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Phrygia and Galatia ## +# Phrygia -These are provinces in Asia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a region in Asia. See how you translated this name in [Acts 2:10](../02/08.md). -## Mysia… Bithynia ## +# they had been forbidden by the Holy Spirit -These are two more provinces in Asia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Holy Spirit had forbidden them" or "the Holy Spirit did not permit them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they had been forbidden by the Holy Spirit ## +# the word -"the Holy Spirit had forbidden them" or "the Holy Spirit did not permit them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "word" stands for "message." AT: "the message about Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the Spirit of Jesus ## +# When they came -"the Holy Spirit" \ No newline at end of file +Here "came" can be translated as "went" or "arrived." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# Mysia ... Bithynia + +These are two more regions in Asia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Spirit of Jesus + +"the Holy Spirit" + +# they came down to the city of Troas + +The phrase "came down" is used here because Troas is lower in elevation than Mysia. + +# they came down + +Here "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/09.md b/act/16/09.md index ad429cb82e..23f6f7ac5d 100644 --- a/act/16/09.md +++ b/act/16/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## A vision appeared to Paul ## +# A vision appeared to Paul -Paul had a vision was different than that of a dream. +"Paul saw a vision from God" or "Paul had a vision from God" -## calling him ## +# calling him -"begging Paul" or "pleading with Paul" +"begging him" or "inviting him" -## help us ## +# Come over into Macedonia -"us" is exclusive. the man was excluding Paul in who needed help. "Help me and the other people of Macedonia".(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +The phrase "Come over" is used because Macedonia is across the sea from Troas. -## we set out ## +# we set out to go to Macedonia ... God had called us -The pronoun "we" refers to Paul and his companions. Luke, the author of Acts, was one of Paul's companions at this time. This is an inclusive pronoun because it refers to the writer and to everyone present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) - -## God had called us ## - -The pronoun "us" refers to Paul and his companions. Luke, the author of Acts, was one of Paul's companions at this time. This is an inclusive pronoun because the writer was including all his companions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) - -## preach the gospel to them ## - -"preach the gospel to the people of Macedonia". \ No newline at end of file +Here the words "we" and "us" refer to Paul and his companions including Luke, the author of Acts. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/11.md b/act/16/11.md index 28c0bc25a6..c7391d9f87 100644 --- a/act/16/11.md +++ b/act/16/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## we made ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "we" throughout these verses refers to Paul and his companions. Luke, the author of Acts, was one of Paul's companions at this time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Paul and his companions are now in Philippi on their missionary trip. Verse 13 begins the story of Lydia. This short story happens during Paul's travels. -## Samothrace…Neapolis ## +# Samothrace ... Neapolis -Costal cities near Phillipi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are coastal cities near Phillipi in Macedonia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## a Roman colony ## +# we came to Neapolis -A place that Rome conquered and occupied at that time, particularly with soldiers \ No newline at end of file +Here "came to" can be translated as "went to" or "arrived at." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# a Roman colony + +This is a city outside of Italy where many people who came from Rome lived. The people there had the same rights and freedoms as people who lived in cities in Italy. They could govern themselves and they did not have to pay taxes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/14.md b/act/16/14.md index d6b7757353..27d575fc1c 100644 --- a/act/16/14.md +++ b/act/16/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## A certain woman named Lydia ## +# Connecting Statement: -"There was a woman named Lydia" +This ends the story of Lydia. -## a seller of purple ## +# A certain woman named Lydia -"a merchant who sold purple cloth" +Here "A certain woman" introduces a new person in the story. AT: "There was a woman named Lydia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## worshipped God ## +# a seller of purple -A worshipper of God is a Gentile who gives praise to God and follows him, but does not obey all of the Jewish laws. +Here "cloth" is understood. AT: "a merchant who sold purple cloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## listened to us ## +# Thyatira -"she listened to us" +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the things which were spoken by Paul ## +# worshiped God -"the things which Paul spoke". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +A worshiper of God is a Gentile who gives praise to God and follows him, but does not obey all of the Jewish laws. -## When she was baptized, and her household ## +# The Lord opened her heart to pay attention -"When they baptized Lydia and members of her household". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +For the Lord to cause someone to pay attention and believe a message is spoken of as if he were opening a person's heart. AT: "The Lord caused her to listen well and to believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# opened her heart + +Here "heart" stands for a person's mind. Also, the author speaks about the "heart" or "mind" as if it were a box that a person could open so it is ready for someone to fill it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# what was said by Paul + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what Paul said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When she and her house were baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When they baptized Lydia and members of her household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# her house + +Here "house" represents the people who live in her house. AT: "the members of her household" or "her family and household servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/16.md b/act/16/16.md index cf69c8baa5..f72770a876 100644 --- a/act/16/16.md +++ b/act/16/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## a certain young woman ## +# Connecting Statement: -"there was a young woman" +This begins the first event in another short story during Paul's travels; it is about a young fortune teller. -## a spirit of divination ## +# General Information: + +Background information is given here to explain that this young fortune teller brought much financial gain to her masters by guessing people's futures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# It came about that + +This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# a certain young woman + +The phrase "a certain" introduces a new person to the story. AT: "there was a young woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# a spirit of divination An evil spirit spoke to her often about the immediate future of people. -## And it came out right away ## +# the way of salvation -"And the spirit came out immediately" +How a person can be saved is spoken of here as if it were a way or path that a person walks on. AT: "how God can save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## being greatly annoyed by her ## +# But Paul, being greatly annoyed by her, turned -"was very bothered by her" or "became very troubled by what she was doing" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But she greatly annoyed Paul so he turned around" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## turned ## +# in the name of Jesus Christ -"Paul turned around" or "moved to face the woman behind him" \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" stands for speaking with the authority or as the representative of Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it came out right away + +"the spirit came out immediately" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/19.md b/act/16/19.md index d1d86e6c22..cef00701b2 100644 --- a/act/16/19.md +++ b/act/16/19.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## her masters ## +# her masters -the owners of the slave girl +"the owners of the slave girl" -## the hope of their gain ## +# When her masters saw that the hope of their gain was gone -This refers to the ability the girl had of divination and for people to pay for her prophecies. +It can be stated clearly why they no longer hoped to gain money. AT: "When her masters saw that she could no longer earn money for them by telling fortunes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## dragged them ## +# the hope of their gain -"dragged Paul and Silas" but not the rest of the team of Luke and Timothy +"the way they hoped to gain money" -## before the authorities ## +# into the marketplace -"into the presence of the authorities" or "to be judged by the authorities" +"into the public square." This is a public place of business, where buying and selling of goods, cattle, or services takes place. -## When they had brought them to the magistrates, they said ## +# before the authorities -"When the masters had brought Paul and Silas to the judges, the masters said" +"into the presence of the authorities" or "so that the authorities could judge them" -## they are teaching ## +# When they had brought them to the magistrates -"Paul and Silas are teaching" +"When they had brought them to the judges" -## not lawful for us ## +# magistrates -The masters were including the authorities in their claim since they were also Romans. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"rulers" or "judges" + +# These men are stirring up our city + +Here the word "our" refers to the people of the city and includes the magistrates who ruled it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# to accept or practice + +"to believe or to obey" or "to accept or to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/22.md b/act/16/22.md index 83364073d8..76be759962 100644 --- a/act/16/22.md +++ b/act/16/22.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## magistrates tore their garments off them ## +# General Information: -magistrates tore Paul and Silas' garments off them +Here the words "their" and "them" refer to Paul and Silas. -## commanded them to be beaten with rods ## +# General Information: -"Commanded the soldiers to beat Paul and Silas with rods". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "they" here refers to soldiers. -## they threw them ## +# commanded them to be beaten with rods -"The magistrates put Paul and Silas" or "the magistrates commanded soldiers to put Paul and Silas". +This can be stated in active form. AT: "commanded the soldiers to beat them with rods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## commanded the jailer to keep them securely ## +# had laid many blows upon them -"told the jailer to make sure they did not get out". A jailer is the person responsible for all the people held in the jail or prison. +"had hit them many times with rods" -## fastened ## +# commanded the jailer to keep them securely -securely locked in place +"told the jailer to make sure they did not get out" -## stocks ## +# jailer -a piece of wood with holes for one's feet to be put in to prevent him/her from moving (See UDB). \ No newline at end of file +a person responsible for all the people held in the jail or prison + +# he got this command + +"he heard this command" + +# fastened their feet in the stocks + +"securely locked their feet in the stocks" + +# stocks + +a piece of wood with holes for preventing a person's feet from moving \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/25.md b/act/16/25.md index 3c155e6e1f..4756970971 100644 --- a/act/16/25.md +++ b/act/16/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## listening to them ## +# Connecting Statement: -The pronoun "them" refers to Paul and Silas, who were praying and singing hymns to God. +This continues Paul and Silas' time in Philippi in prison and tells what happens to their jailer. -## so that the foundations of the prison were shaken ## +# General Information: -“which shook the foundations of the prison" +The word "them" refers to Paul and Silas. -## everyone's chains were unfastened ## +# earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken -"everyone's chains came loose” \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "earthquake which shook the foundations of the prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the foundations of the prison + +When the foundations shook, this caused the entire prison to shake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all the doors were opened + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the doors opened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# everyone's chains were unfastened + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everyone's chains came loose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/27.md b/act/16/27.md index 4c767c53c5..20dad69688 100644 --- a/act/16/27.md +++ b/act/16/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## he, himself, he ## +# General Information: -These pronouns refer to the jailer throughout these verses. +Here the word "we" refers to Paul, Silas, and all of the other prisoners but excludes the jailer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## was about to kill himself ## +# The jailer was awakened from sleep -"was ready to kill himself". The jailer preferred to commit suicide rather than suffer the consequences of letting the prisoners escape. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The jailer woke up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## we are all here ## +# was about to kill himself -The word "we" is inclusive and refers to Paul, Silas and all of the other prisoners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"was ready to kill himself." The jailer preferred to commit suicide rather than suffer the consequences of letting the prisoners escape. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/29.md b/act/16/29.md index 0b67f7a1fe..8eaa77ee43 100644 --- a/act/16/29.md +++ b/act/16/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## rushed in ## +# called for lights + +The reason why the jailer needed light can be made explicit. AT: "called for someone to bring light so he could see who was still in the prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for lights + +The word "lights" stands for something that makes light. AT: "for torches" or "for lamps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# rushed in "quickly entered the jail" -## fell down before Paul and Silas ## +# fell down before Paul and Silas -The jailer humbled himself by bowing down at the feet of Paul and Silas. +The jailer humbled himself by bowing down at the feet of Paul and Silas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## brought them out ## +# brought them out -led them outside the jail \ No newline at end of file +"led them outside the jail" + +# what must I do to be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what must I do for God to save me from my sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will save you" or "God will save you from your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your house + +Here "house" stands for the people who live in the house. AT: "all the members of your household" or "your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/32.md b/act/16/32.md index c8a1c5315b..94486d23d4 100644 --- a/act/16/32.md +++ b/act/16/32.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Paul and Silas continue their involvement with the Jailer and his household. +# General Information: -## in his house ## +Here the first use of the word "they" as well as the words "their" and "them" refer to Paul and Silas. Compare [Acts 16:25](./25.md). The last use of the word "they" refers to the people in the jailers' household. -"in his home". The Jailer brought Paul and Silas to his home. +# General Information: -## he and all his household were baptized ## +The words "him," "his," and "he" refer to the jailer. -This sentence can be turned from the passive to the active form: "Paul and Silas baptized the jailer and all members of his household." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# They spoke the word of the Lord to him -## he, his ## +Here "word" stands for a message. AT: "They told him the message about the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -These pronouns refer to the jailer. +# he and those in his entire house were baptized immediately -## because they had all believed ## - -"because all members of his household had believed" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Paul and Silas baptized the jailer and all the members of his household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/35.md b/act/16/35.md index e983780247..9bef43b250 100644 --- a/act/16/35.md +++ b/act/16/35.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Now when it was day ## +# General Information: -"the next morning" (UDB). This is the start of a new episode. +This is the last event in the story of Paul and Silas in Philippi. (See: [Acts 16:12](./11.md)) -## sent word ## +# Now -"sent a message" or "sent a command" +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke tells the last event in the story that started in [Acts 16:16](./16.md). -## Let those men go ## +# sent word to the guards + +Here "word" stands for "message" or "command." AT: "sent a message to the guards" or "sent a command to the guards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sent word + +Here "sent" means the magistrates told someone to go tell the guards their message. + +# Let those men go "Release those men" or "Allow those men to leave" -## Come out ## +# come out -"Come outside of the jail" \ No newline at end of file +"come outside of the jail" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/37.md b/act/16/37.md index a03018e4be..8fc2d2ccdd 100644 --- a/act/16/37.md +++ b/act/16/37.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## said to them ## +# General Information: -"said to the guards" +All of the times the word "they" is used and the first time "them" is used, the words refer to the magistrates. The word "themselves" refers to the magistrates. The second time the word "them" is used, it refers to Paul and Silas. -## They have publicly ## +# General Information: -"The magistrates have publicly" +The word "us" refers only to Paul and Silas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## beaten us, men who ## +# said to them -the word "us" only includes Paul and silas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Probably Paul is speaking to the jailer, but he intends for the jailer to tell the magistrates what he says. AT: "said to the jailer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## No indeed ## +# They have publicly beaten us -"Definitely not!" Paul is responding here to the magistrates or city leaders, even though he is speaking to the jailor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "They" refers to the magistrates who commanded their soldiers to beat them. AT: "The magistrates ordered their soldiers to beat us in public" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Romans ## +# without a trial, even through we are Romans citizens—and they threw us into prison -This refers to people from all over the Empire, who had legal citizenship. Among their rights were freedom from torture and the right to have a trial. The city leaders were afraid of what would happen if the Empire learned the city leaders had mistreated Paul and Silas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"men who are Roman citizens, and they had their soldiers put us in jail though they had not proven in court that we were guilty" -## Let them come ## +# Do they now want to send us away secretly? No! -"The city rulers should come" +Paul uses a question to emphasize that he will not allow the magistrates to send them out the city in secret after they had mistreated Paul and Silas. AT: "I will certainly not let them send us out of the city in secret!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## The magistrates came and begged them ## +# Let them come themselves -The Magistrates came and begged Paul and Silas +Here "themselves" is used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## when they had brought them ## +# when they heard that Paul and Silas were Romans, they were afraid -When the Magistrates had brought Paul and Silas \ No newline at end of file +To be a Roman meant to be a legal citizens of the Empire. Citizenship provided freedom from torture and the right to a fair trial. The city leaders were afraid that more important Roman authorities might learn how the city leaders had mistreated Paul and Silas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/40.md b/act/16/40.md index 9ea260480f..78a573160c 100644 --- a/act/16/40.md +++ b/act/16/40.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## the house of Lydia ## +# Connecting Statement: + +This is the end of Paul and Silas' time in Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) + +# General Information: + +Here the word "they" refers to Paul and Silas. The word "them" refers to the believers in Philippi. + +# came to the house + +Here "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# the house of Lydia "the home of Lydia" -## they encouraged them ## +# saw the brothers -"Paul and Silas encouraged the brothers" or "Paul and Silas encouraged the believers" \ No newline at end of file +Here "brothers" refers to believers whether male or female. AT: "saw the believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/16/intro.md b/act/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7605c9f165 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Acts 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### They "circumcised him" ##### +This was not done in an attempt to follow the law of Moses, but was done because he was ministering in a Jewish context. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Divination and Fortunetelling ##### +These action were against the law of Moses and were considered to be sinful. This is probably one of the reasons why Paul rebuked this woman, even though she was telling the truth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/01.md b/act/17/01.md index 1401179311..041900f6bd 100644 --- a/act/17/01.md +++ b/act/17/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## When they had passed ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "they" refers to Paul and Silas. Timothy and Luke are not with Paul and Silas. +This continues the story of Paul, Silas, and Timothy's missionary trip. They arrive in Thessalonica, apparently without Luke, since he says "they" and not "we." -## passed through ## +# General Information: + +Here the word "they" refers to Paul and Silas. Compare [Acts 16:40](../16/40.md). The word "them" refers to the Jews at the synagogue in Thessalonica. + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke, the author, starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# passed through "traveled through" -## cities of Amphipolis and Apollonia ## +# cities of Amphipolis and Apollonia -These are costal cities in Macedonia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are coastal cities in Macedonia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## as his custom was ## +# they came to the city -"as his habit was" or "as his common practice was". Paul usually went to the synagogue on the Sabbath when Jews would be present. +Here "came" can be translated as "went" or "arrived." AT: "they came to the city" or "they arrived at the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## went into them ## +# as his custom was -"Them" refers to the synagogue and the Jews who met there. +"as his habit was" or "as his common practice was." Paul usually went to the synagogue on the Sabbath when Jews would be present. -## reasoned with them ## +# for three Sabbath days -"debated with the Jews of the Synagogue" or "discussed with the Jews of the Synagogue" \ No newline at end of file +"on each Sabbath day for three weeks" + +# reasoned with them from the scriptures + +Paul explained what the scriptures means in order to prove to the Jews that Jesus is the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# reasoned with them + +"gave them reasons" or "debated with them" or "discussed with them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/03.md b/act/17/03.md index 76cffbd26e..fd346d35da 100644 --- a/act/17/03.md +++ b/act/17/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## He was opening the Scriptures ## +# General Information: -Possible meanings are 1) "Paul was explaining the scriptures clearly so that the people were able to understand what he was teaching" or 2) "Paul was opening the book or scroll of Scriptures." +Here the word "He" refers to Paul. (See: [Acts 17:02](./01.md)) -## it was necessary ## +# He was opening the scriptures -"it was part of the plan" or "it had to happen that way" +Possible meanings are 1) to explain the scriptures in a way that people can understand is spoken of as if Paul were opening something so people can see what is inside of it) or 2) Paul was literally opening a book or scroll and reading from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] -## to rise again ## +# it was necessary + +"it was part of God's plan" + +# to rise again "to come back to life" -## the jews were persuaded ## +# from the dead ones -"the Jews were convinced" or "the Jews were won over" +"from among the dead ones." The phrase "the dead ones" refers to the spirits of people who have died. To come back from among them means to become alive again. -## and joined Paul ## +# the Jews were persuaded -"and became associated with Paul" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Jews believed" or "the Jews understood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the devout Greeks ## +# joined Paul -those who worship God but have not converted to Judaism through circumcision +"became associated with Paul" -## a great crowd ## +# devout Greeks -"a large crowd" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Greeks who worship God but have not converted to Judaism through circumcision. + +# not a few of the leading women + +This is an understatement to emphasize that many leading women joined them. AT: "many leading women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/05.md b/act/17/05.md index 2178ee2108..4a0f6a1fc6 100644 --- a/act/17/05.md +++ b/act/17/05.md @@ -1,43 +1,59 @@ -## being moved with ## +# General Information: -"being motivated by" +Here the word "they" refers to the unbelieving Jews and wicked men from the marketplace. -## certain wicked men ## +# being moved with jealousy -"some evil men". The word "men" here refers specifically to males. +The feeling of jealousy is spoken of as if jealousy were actually moving the person. AT: "feeling very jealous" or "feeling very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## from the marketplace ## +# with jealousy -This is a public space of business, where buying and selling of goods, cattle, or services take place; "from the public square" (UDB). +It can be stated explicitly that these Jews were jealous because some of the Jews and Greeks believed Paul's message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## set the city ## +# took certain wicked men -"caused the city to be" +Here "took" does not mean the Jews took these people by force. It means the Jews persuaded these wicked men to help them. -## Assaulting the house ## +# certain wicked men -"violently attacking the house" +"some evil men." The word "men" here refers specifically to males. -## they wanted to bring ## +# from the marketplace -This pronoun refers to the unbelieving jews and wicked men from the marketplace. +"from the public square." This is a public place of business, where buying and selling of goods, cattle, or services take place. -## out to the people ## +# set the city in an uproar -"to a governmental or legal group of citizens gathered to make a decision with public impact" +Here "the city" stands for the people in the city. AT: "caused the people of the city to be in an uproar" or "caused the people of the city to riot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## before the officials ## +# Assaulting the house + +"Violently attacking the house." This probably means the people were throwing rocks at the house and trying to break down the door of the house. + +# Jason + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# out to the people + +Possible meanings or "people" are 1) a governmental or legal group of citizens gathered to make a decision or 2) a mob. + +# certain other brothers + +Here "brothers" refers to believers. AT: "some other believers" + +# before the officials "in the presence of the officials" -## These men who have ## +# These men who have -The Jewish leaders were speaking and were referring to Paul and Silas by "these men." +The Jewish leaders were speaking and the phrase, "These men," refers to Paul and Silas. -## turned the world upside down ## +# turned the world upside down -This is an idiom meaning "to cause trouble" (UDB). The Jewish leaders were expressing their jealousy by exaggerating the influence Paul and Silas have with their teaching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This phrase is another way of saying Paul and Silas where causing trouble everywhere they went. The Jewish leaders were exaggerating the influence Paul and Silas were having with their teaching. AT: "caused trouble everywhere in the world" or "caused trouble everywhere they have gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Jason has welcomed ## +# Jason has welcomed This phrase signals that Jason was in agreement with the apostles' troubling message. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/08.md b/act/17/08.md index c3db5e11e9..20d4e5e41b 100644 --- a/act/17/08.md +++ b/act/17/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## they were troubled ## +# disturbed -"worried" or "distressed mentally" +"worried" or "anxious" -## had taken financial security ## +# made Jason and the rest pay money as security -"bond" or "deposit" or "fine" (UDB). This money was a promise of good behavior, which might be returned if all went well, or used to repair damages brought on by bad behavior. +Jason and the others had to pay the money to the city officials as a promise of good behavior; that money might be returned if all went well or it might be used to repair the damages brought on by bad behavior. -## and the rest ## +# the rest -"the believers other than Jason" +The words "the rest" refers to other believers that the Jews brought before the officials. -## they let them go ## +# they let them go -"the officials released Jason and the other believers arrested" \ No newline at end of file +"the officials let Jason and the other believers go" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/10.md b/act/17/10.md index 811cc59151..364ebab062 100644 --- a/act/17/10.md +++ b/act/17/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## of a higher mind ## +# General Information: -“more open minded” or “more willing to listen". Being "willing to listen" is characteristic of those born and educated in upper class families where new ideas are less threatening. +Paul and Silas travel on to the town of Berea. -## received the word ## +# the brothers -"listened to the teaching" +The word "brothers" here refers to men and women believers. AT: "the believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## with all readiness of mind ## +# Now -These Bereans were prepared to examine Paul's teaching to the scripture. +The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke tells background information about the people in Berea and how they were willing to listen to Paul and examine what he said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## examining the Scriptures daily ## +# these people were more noble -"carefully reading and evaluating the relevant Scripture passages every day" \ No newline at end of file +These "well-born" people were willing to think more objectively about new ideas than other people. AT: "more open minded" or "more willing to listen" + +# received the word + +Here "word" refers to a teaching. AT: "listened to the teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with all readiness of mind + +These Bereans were prepared to examine earnestly Paul's teachings about the scripture. + +# examining the scriptures daily + +"carefully reading and evaluating the scriptures every day" + +# these things were so + +"the things Paul said were true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/13.md b/act/17/13.md index edd82a5770..1fd73cbe6f 100644 --- a/act/17/13.md +++ b/act/17/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## When the Jews…learned ## +# General Information: -"were told", "were informed" or "heard" (UDB) +Athens is down the coast from Barea which is in Macedonia. Athens was one of the most important cities in Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## went there and stirred up ## +# learned -"went there and agitated" or "went there and caused doubt" +"found out" or "heard" -## and troubled the crowds ## +# went there and stirred up -"caused dread and fear among the people" +This speaks about their agitating people as though it were a person stirring a liquid and causing the things at the bottom of the liquid to rise to the surface. AT: "went there and agitated" or "went there and disturbed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who were leading Paul ## +# troubled the crowds -"who were accompanying Paul" or "who were going along with Paul" \ No newline at end of file +"and worried the crowds" or "caused dread and fear among the people" + +# brothers + +The word "brothers" here refers to men and women believers. AT: "believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# to go to the sea + +"to go to the coast." From here Paul would probably sail to another city. + +# who were leading Paul + +"who were accompanying Paul" or "who were going along with Paul" + +# they received from him instructions for Silas and Timothy + +"he told them to instruct Silas and Timothy." This can also be stated as a direct quotation as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/16.md b/act/17/16.md index 0d7ed8b967..e9f9636d18 100644 --- a/act/17/16.md +++ b/act/17/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## his spirit was provoked ## +# General Information: -"he was disturbed" or "he was toubled" or "he became very distressed" (UDB) +This is another part of the story of Paul and Silas' travels. Paul is now in Athens where he is waiting for Silas and Timothy to join him. -## so he reasoned ## +# Now -"so he debated" or "so he discussed". This verb implies that there is more interaction from the listeners than in preaching. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke starts to tell a new part of the story. -## in the marketplace ## +# his spirit was provoked within him as he saw the city full of idols -This is a public space of business, where buying and selling of goods, cattle, or services take place; “public square” (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +Here "spirit" stands for Paul himself. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he became upset because he saw that there were idols everywhere in the city" or "seeing the idols everywhere in the city upset him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he reasoned + +"he debated" or "he discussed." This means that there is interaction from the listeners rather than only his preaching. They are talking with him as well. + +# others who worshiped God + +This refers to Gentiles (non-Jews) who give praise to God and follow him but do not obey all of the Jewish laws. + +# in the marketplace + +"in the public square." This is a public place of business, where buying and selling of goods, cattle, or services take place. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/18.md b/act/17/18.md index 2d2f96269d..051a66ab54 100644 --- a/act/17/18.md +++ b/act/17/18.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## Epicurean...philosophers ## +# General Information: -People who believed all things were formed by chance. They also believed that the gods were too busy being blessed and happy to be bothered with the governance of the universe. They rejected the resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here the words "him," "He, "and "he" refer to Paul. -## Stoic philosophers ## +# Epicurean and Stoic philosophers -People who believed freedom comes from resigning oneself to fate. They rejected a personal loving God and the resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These people believed all things were formed by chance and that the gods were too busy being happy to be bothered with governing the universe. They rejected the resurrection and wanted only simple pleasures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## encountered him ## +# Stoic philosophers -"encountered Paul" +These people believed freedom comes from resigning oneself to fate. They rejected a personal loving God and the resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## And some said ## +# encountered him -"And some of the philosophers said" +"happened upon him" -## what is this babbler ## +# Some said -"babbler" was used to refer to birds picking up seeds as food. It is a negative term used for gossipers. The philosophers said Paul is someone who has bits of information which were not worth listening to. +"Some of the philosophers said" -## Others said ## +# What is this babbler -"other philosophers said" +The word "babbler" was used to refer to birds picking up seeds as food. It refers negatively to a person who only knows a little bit of information. The philosophers said Paul had bits of information which were not worth listening to. AT: "What is this uneducated person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He seems to be a preacher ## +# Others said -"He seems to be a proclaimer" or "He seems to be on a mission of spreading the message" +"Other philosophers said" -## Strange gods ## +# He seems to be one who calls people to follow -This is not in the sense of "odd", but in the sense of "foreign", that is, non-Greek/Roman gods. \ No newline at end of file +"He seems to be a proclaimer" or "He seems to be on a mission to add people to his philosophy" + +# strange gods + +This is not in the sense of "odd," but in the sense of "foreign," that is, gods that Greeks and Romans do not worship or know about. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/19.md b/act/17/19.md index 96ced127b2..0ccb3a814f 100644 --- a/act/17/19.md +++ b/act/17/19.md @@ -1,27 +1,55 @@ -## They took Paul ## +# General Information: -"The Epicurean and Stoic philosophers took Paul" +Here the words "They" and "we" refer to the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## to the Areopagus ## +# General Information: -A hill in Athens upon which the supreme court of Athens may have met. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The words "him," "He" and "you" refer to Paul. (See: [Acts 17:18](./18.md)) -## we want to know what these things mean ## +# They took ... brought him -"we" is referring to the philosophers only. This could also be translated as “we wish to make a judgment on what you are claiming these things are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +This does not mean they arrested Paul. The philosophers invited Paul to speak formally to their leaders. -## all the Athenians ## +# to the Areopagus -"Athenians" are people from Athens, a city near the coast in Macedonia (present day Greece). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The "Areopagus" was the place where the leaders met. AT: "to the leaders that met on the Areopagus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and the strangers ## +# the Areopagus, saying -"foreigners" or a "new person to the Athenian community" +Here the leaders on the Areopagus are speaking. This can stated as a new sentence. AT: "the Areopagus. The leaders said to Paul" -## spent their time ## +# Areopagus -"used their time" or "devoted their time" +This is a prominent rock outcropping or hill in Athens upon which the supreme court of Athens may have met. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## telling or listening about something new ## +# For you bring some strange things to our ears -"discussing new philosophical ideas" or "talking about what was new to them" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Paul's teachings about Jesus and the resurrection are spoken of as an object that a person can bring to another person. Here "ears" refers to what they hear. AT: "For you teachings some things that we have never heard before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Now ... something new + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke tells background information about the people who lived in Athens and their interest in new teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Now all the Athenians and the strangers living there + +The word "all" is a generalization referring to many. AT: "Now many of the Athenians and the strangers living there" or "Now many of the Athenians and the strangers living there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# all the Athenians + +"Athenians" are people from Athens, a city near the coast below Macedonia (present day Greece). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the strangers + +"the foreigners" + +# spent their time in nothing but either telling or listening + +Here "time" is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could spend. AT: "used their time doing nothing but either telling or listening" or "were always doing nothing but telling or listening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# spent their time in nothing but either telling or listening + +The phrase "spent their time in nothing" is an exaggeration. AT: "did not do much but tell or listen" or "spent much of their time telling or listening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# telling or listening about something new + +"discussing new philosophical ideas" or "talking about what was new to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/22.md b/act/17/22.md index 6d39a58ed1..f1b692b235 100644 --- a/act/17/22.md +++ b/act/17/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Very religious in every way ## +# General Information: -Paul is referring to the Athenians public display of honoring the gods through prayers, building altars and offering sacrifices. +Paul begins his speech to the philosophers on the Areopagus. -## For as I passed along ## +# very religious in every way -"Because as I walked past" +Paul is referring to the Athenians' public display of honoring the gods through prayers, building altars, and offering sacrifices. -## TO AN UNKNOWN GOD ## +# For as I passed along -Possible meanings are 1) “a certain unknown god” or 2) “to any god we do not know about." \ No newline at end of file +"Because as I walked past" or "I walked along" + +# To an Unknown God + +Possible meanings are 1) "to a certain unknown god" or 2) "to a god not known." This was a specific writing or inscription on that altar. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/24.md b/act/17/24.md index 1df6e851ee..634962b5fd 100644 --- a/act/17/24.md +++ b/act/17/24.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# the world -## since he is Lord ## +In the most general sense, the "world" refers to the heavens and the earth and everything in them. -"he" is referring to the unknown god that Paul is explaining is the Lord God. This can be translated as "because he is the Lord." +# since he is Lord -## built with hands ## +"because he is the Lord." Here "he" is referring to the unknown god mentioned in [Acts 17:23](./22.md) that Paul is explaining is the Lord God. -"through the action of people" +# of heaven and earth -## is he served ## +The words "heaven" and "earth" are used together to mean all beings and things in heaven and earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -"served" has the sense of a doctor treating a patient to make him/her well again. Alternate Translation: "cared for." +# built with hands -## by men's hands ## +Here "hands" stands for people. AT: "built by the hands of people" or "that people built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -"by human hands" +# Neither is he served by men's hands -## since he himself ## +Here "served" has the sense of a doctor treating a patient to make the patient well again. AT: "Neither do men's hands take care of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"because he himself" \ No newline at end of file +# by men's hands + +Here "hands" stands for the whole person. AT: "by humans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# since he himself + +"because he himself." The word "himself" is added for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/26.md b/act/17/26.md index c5941e1217..d8ce02fad3 100644 --- a/act/17/26.md +++ b/act/17/26.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# General Information: -## one man ## +Here the words "he" and "him" refer to the one true God, the creator. -Possible meanings are 1) "the one man is referring to Adam whom God created" or 2) "It could include both Adam and Eve whom God created." +# General Information: -## he made every nation ## +The words "their" and "them" refer to every nation of people living on the surface of the earth. -"God, the creator, made every nation" +# General Information: -## their…they ## +In using the word "us," Paul includes himself, his audience, and every nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -These pronouns refer to every nation of people living on the surface of the earth. +# one man -## seek God ## +This means Adam, the first person God created. This can be stated to include Eve. It was through Adam and Eve that God made all other people. AT: "one couple" -"Search for God" +# having determined their appointed seasons and the boundaries of their living areas -## reach out to him ## +This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "And he determined when and where they would live" -"to see a need for him" +# so that they should seek God, if perhaps they might reach out and find him -## from any one of us ## +Here "seek God" God represents desiring to know him, and "reach out and find him" represents praying and having a relationship with him. AT: "so that they should want to know God and perhaps pray to him and become one of his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Paul includes himself, his audience and every nation in the use of "us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Yet he is not far from each one of us + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Yet he is very near to everyone of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/28.md b/act/17/28.md index 046b652055..dcbab113fd 100644 --- a/act/17/28.md +++ b/act/17/28.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# General Information: -## for in him ## +Here the words "him" and "his" refer to God. (See: [Acts 17:24](./24.md)) -"for in God" +# General Information: -## we live and move ## +When Paul says "we" here, he includes himself as well as his hearers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -Paul is including his audience with himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +# For in him -## are his offspring ## +"Because of him" -descendants who are not necessarily immediate children. As offspring they share some common characteristics with their ancestor. "his" is an undefined pronoun in this quote. +# are God's offspring -## that the divinity ## +Because God created everyone, all people are spoken of as if they were God's literal children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -God's nature or attributes \ No newline at end of file +# qualities of deity + +Here "deity" refers to God's nature or attributes. AT: "that God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# images created by the art and imagination of man + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which a man then uses his skill to make it into something that he has designed" or "images that people make by using their art and imagination" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/30.md b/act/17/30.md index 20e6f03e1c..c4abb02f79 100644 --- a/act/17/30.md +++ b/act/17/30.md @@ -1,13 +1,43 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# Connecting Statement: -## ignorance ## +Paul finishes his speech to the philosophers in the Areopagus, which he began in [Acts 17:22](./22.md). -Possible meanings are 1) "simply not knowing about something" or 2) "willful rejection." +# General Information: -## by the man he has chosen ## +Here the word "he" refers to God. -"by the man God has chosen" +# Therefore -## God has given proof of this man ## +This word marks a statement that is said because of what was said previously. -"God has demonstrated His choice of this man" \ No newline at end of file +# God overlooked the times of ignorance + +"God decided not to punish people during the time of ignorance" + +# times of ignorance + +This refers to the time before God fully revealed himself through Jesus Christ and before people truly knew how to obey God. + +# all men + +This means all people whether male or female. AT: "all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# when he will judge the world in righteousness by the man he has chosen + +"when the man he has chosen will judge the world in righteousness" + +# he will judge the world + +Here "world" refers to the people. AT: "he will judge all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in righteousness + +"justly" or "fairly" + +# God has given proof of this man + +"God has demonstrated his choice of this man" + +# from the dead ones + +"from among the dead ones." The phrase "the dead ones" refers to the spirits of people who have died. To come back from among them means to become alive again. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/32.md b/act/17/32.md index 5140d07e09..147533db7b 100644 --- a/act/17/32.md +++ b/act/17/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## the men of Athens ## +# Connecting Statement: -Those people who were present at the Areopagus listening to Paul +This is the end of the part of the story about Paul in Athens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## some mocked Paul ## +# General Information: -"some ridiculed Paul" or "some laughed at Paul". These did not believe it was possible for someone to die and then return to life. +Here the word "We" refers to the men of Athens but not to Paul, so this is exclusive. Though some of them probably did want to hear Paul again, they may only have been being polite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## we will listen ## +# Now -"we" refers the men of Athens that wanted to listen to Paul. They were talking directly to Paul but not including Paul in their group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke shifts from Paul's teachings to the reaction of the people of Athens. -## Dionysius the Areopagite, a woman named Damaris, ## +# the men of Athens -Dionysius is a man's name. Areopagite implies that Dionysius was one of the judges at the Areopagus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the people who were present at the Areopagus listening to Paul. + +# some mocked Paul + +"some ridiculed Paul" or "some laughed at Paul." These did not believe it was possible for someone to die and then return to life. + +# Dionysius the Areopagite + +Dionysius is a man's name. Areopagite implies that Dionysius was one of the judges at the council of Areopagus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Damaris + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/17/intro.md b/act/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c908852de7 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Acts 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The ULB begins a new line in the middle of [Acts 15:22](../15/22.md) and [Acts 15:28](../15/27.md) because long quotations begin. The translators of the ULB have chosen to separate these longer quotes from the rest of the text by beginning a new line. The translator may wish to follow this practice, but they are not obliged to do so. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Misunderstandings about the messiah ##### +It is recorded that Paul was "explaining that it was necessary for the Christ to suffer and to rise again from the dead." There was a common misconception that the Messiah was to be a conquering king. This is true of Christ at his return, but the Scriptures also say that the messiah would be a suffering servant. Therefore, Paul explained to them the truth about the messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +##### Athenian religion ##### + +The Athenians were said to be "religious," but they did not worship Yahweh. They worshiped many different false gods. Often, when they conquered different countries, they incorporated the gods worshiped in other nations into their collection of gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Contextualization ##### + +This passage is famous in many cultures because Paul "contextualizes" the gospel for a non-Jewish audience. This means that Paul makes the gospel relatable or understandable to those with no understanding of the Jewish religious system, without really losing meaning or power. The translator may wish to take extra care in preserving aspects of this "contextualization" if possible. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/01.md b/act/18/01.md index 4ba3d05b31..d28576fad6 100644 --- a/act/18/01.md +++ b/act/18/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## After these things ## +# Connecting Statement: + +This is another part of the story of Paul's travels as he goes to Corinth. + +# General Information: + +Aquila and Priscilla are introduced to the story and verses 2 and 3 give background information about them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# After these things "After these events took place in Athens" -## There he found ## +# Athens -Possible meanings are 1) "There Paul happened to find by chance" or 2) "There Paul found after seeking with intent." +Athens was one of the most important cities in Greece. See how you translated this in [Acts 17:15](../17/13.md). -## Pontus by race ## +# There he met -A province on the southern coast of the Black Sea +Possible meanings are that 1) Paul happened to find by chance or 2) Paul intentionally found. -## had recently come ## +# a Jew named Aquila + +Here the phrase "a certain" indicates this is introducing new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# a native of Pontus + +Pontus was a province on the southern coast of the Black Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# had recently come This is probably sometime in the past year. -## Claudius had commanded ## +# Italy -The current Roman emperor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of land. Rome is the capital city of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## commanded all the Jews ## +# Claudius had commanded -"ordered" or "instructed" \ No newline at end of file +Claudius was the current Roman emperor. See how you translated this in [Acts 11:28](../11/27.md). + +# he worked at the same trade + +"he did the same kind of work that they did" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/04.md b/act/18/04.md index 00ec70e436..4f14db562b 100644 --- a/act/18/04.md +++ b/act/18/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## So Paul reasoned ## +# General Information: -"reason" implys that Paul was having a two way conversation. Alternate translation: "So Paul debated" or "So Paul discussed". +Silas and Timothy rejoin Paul. -## He persuaded ## +# So Paul reasoned -This can also be translated as "He kept trying to persuade." +"So Paul debated" or "So Paul discussed." He gave reasons. This means that rather than just preaching, Paul talked and interacted with the people. -## was compelled by the Spirit ## +# He persuaded both Jews and Greeks -This phrase can be expressed in the active form. "the spirit compelled him". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "He caused both Jews and Greeks to believe" or 2) "He kept trying to persuade the Jews and the Greeks." -## shook out his garment ## +# Paul was compelled by the Spirit -This is a symbolic action to indicate that Paul is cutting ties with the unbelieving Jews and leaving them to God's judgment. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Spirit compelled Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## "May your blood be upon your own heads; ## +# shook out his garment -This is a metaphor. It means that the Jews are solely responsible for the judgment they will face for their stubbornness if they refuse to repent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a symbolic action to indicate that Paul will no longer try to teach the Jews there about Jesus. He is leaving them to God's judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# May your blood be upon your own heads + +Here "blood" stands for the guilt of their actions. Here "heads" refers to the whole person. Paul tells the Jews they are solely responsible for the judgment they will face for their stubbornness if they refuse to repent. AT: "You alone bear the responsibility for your punishment for sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/07.md b/act/18/07.md index bea27a0a10..6c3b93ac54 100644 --- a/act/18/07.md +++ b/act/18/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Then he left ## +# General Information: -"Then Paul left" +Here the word "he" refers to Paul. -## Titius Justus ## +# General Information: -A Jewish believer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The first word "his" refers to Titius Justus. The second word "his" refers to Crispus. -## head of the synagogue ## +# Titius Justus ... Crispus -"a layperson who sponsored and administered the synagogue, not necessarily the teacher" +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Crispus, the head… ## +# worshiped God -Another Jewish believer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +A worshiper of God is a Gentile who gives praise to God and follows him but does not necessarily obey all of the Jewish laws. -## all of his house ## +# leader of the synagogue -"the people who lived with him, including his extended family" +a layperson who sponsored and administered the synagogue, not necessarily the teacher -## Many of the Corinthians ## +# all those who lived in his house -Many of the Corinthians that were not Jews \ No newline at end of file +Here "house" refers to the people who lived together. AT: "the people who lived with him in his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# were baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "received baptism" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/09.md b/act/18/09.md index 443f633471..f77a332d1a 100644 --- a/act/18/09.md +++ b/act/18/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## do not be silent ## +# Do not be afraid, but speak and do not be silent -"do not stop speaking about the gospel" +The Lord is giving one command in two different ways to emphasize that Paul should certainly continue preaching. AT: "You must not be afraid and, instead, continue to speak and not become silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## for I am ## +# speak and do not be silent -"I" refers to the Lord, who is speaking to Paul. +The Lord gives the same command in two different ways to strongly command Paul to speak. AT: "you must certainly continue to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## with you ## +# do not be silent -"you" refers to Paul, to whom the Lord is speaking in a vision. +It can be stated explicitly what the Lord wants Paul to speak. AT: "do not stop speaking about the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I have many people in this city ## +# I have many people in this city -"There are many people in this city who have put their faith in Me" \ No newline at end of file +"there are many people in this city who have put their faith in me" or "many people in this city will put their faith in me" + +# Paul lived there ... teaching the word of God among them + +This is a concluding statement for this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/12.md b/act/18/12.md index febd165af1..0a59fcd6f9 100644 --- a/act/18/12.md +++ b/act/18/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Gallio became governor of Achaia ## +# Connecting Statement: -Achaia was a Roman province which Corinth was part of that is now modern southern Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The unbelieving Jews bring Paul to the judgment seat before Gallio. -## brought him before the judgment-seat ## +# General Information: -seat** - The Jews took Paul by force and brought Paul before the court. Alternate translation: "took him to be judged by the governor". +Achaia was the Roman province in which Corinth was located. It was the largest city in southern Greece and the capital of the province. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## contrary to the law ## +# Gallio -The Jews were purposely making Paul's offenses against Jewish laws and customs sound like crimes against Roman law. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Jews + +This stands for the Jewish leaders that did not believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# rose up together + +"came together" or "joined together" + +# brought him before the judgment seat + +The Jews took Paul by force to bring Paul before the court. Here "judgment seat" refers to the place where Gallio sat when he made legal decisions in court. AT: "took him so that the governor could judge him at the judgment seat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/14.md b/act/18/14.md index 1c4a5abc39..4e1ff515e3 100644 --- a/act/18/14.md +++ b/act/18/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Gallio said ## +# Gallio said -The Roman governor of the Province. +Gallio was the Roman governor of the Province. -## your own law ## +# your own law -These were the Law of Moses and other Jewish customs of Paul's time. +Here "law" refers to the law of Moses and as well as the Jewish customs of Paul's time. -## I do not wish to be a judge of these matters. ## +# I do not wish to be a judge of these matters -"I refuse to make a judgment about these matters." \ No newline at end of file +"I refuse to make a judgment about these matters" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/16.md b/act/18/16.md index 81f18475a1..be5f59b07e 100644 --- a/act/18/16.md +++ b/act/18/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## they all took ## +# General Information: -"everyone took" or "all of them grabbed". This is a hyperbole because every single member of the crowd could not take him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here the word "they" probably refers to the Gentiles at the court. They reacted against the Jews who had brought Paul before the judgment seat. (See: [Acts 18:12](./12.md)) -## Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue ## +# Gallio made them leave the judgment seat -A Jewish ruler of the synagogue at Corinth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Gallio dismissed them from the judgment seat." Here "judgment seat" refers to the place where Gallio sits to make legal decisions in court. AT: "Gallio made them leave his presence in the court" or "Gallio made them leave the court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## beat him ## +# they all seized -"hit him" or "punched him". Sosthenes was physically beaten. \ No newline at end of file +This may be an exaggeration to emphasize the strong feelings the people had. AT: "many people seized" or "many of them grabbed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# So they all seized Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue, and beat him in front of the judgment seat + +Possible meanings are 1) the Gentiles beat Sosthenes in the court in front of the judgment seat because he was the Jewish leader or 2) it is possible that Sosthenes was a believer in Christ, so the Jews beat him in front of the court. + +# Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue + +"Sosthenes" was the Jewish ruler of the synagogue at Corinth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# beat him + +"repeatedly hit him" or "repeatedly punched him." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/18.md b/act/18/18.md index 0bcd2be4f4..ad69c22fee 100644 --- a/act/18/18.md +++ b/act/18/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## sailed for Syria with Priscilla and Aquila ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul got on a ship that sailed out for Syria. Priscilla and Aquila went along with him. +This continues Paul's missionary journey as Paul, Priscilla, and Aquila leave Corinth. This seems to indicate that Silas and Timothy remain since it says "he" here and not "we." -## the seaport, Cenchreae ## +# General Information: Cenchreae was a seaport that was part of the greater Corinth city area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Nazarite vow ## +# General Information: -This was a promise or oath to do something for God outlined in the Law of Moses. It allowed a person outside the tribe of Levi to serve God. +Here the word "he" refers to Paul. -## when they came to Ephesus ## +# Connecting Statement: -"when Paul, Priscilla and Aquila came to Ephesus" +The word "they" refers to Paul, Priscilla, and Aquila. -## reasoned with ## +# left the brothers + +The word "brothers" refers to men and women believers. AT: "left the fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# sailed for Syria with Priscilla and Aquila + +Paul got on a ship that sailed for Syria. Priscilla and Aquila went with him. + +# he had his hair cut off because of a vow he had taken + +This is a symbolic action that indicates the completion of a vow. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he had someone cut off the hair on his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# reasoned with "discussed with" or "debated with" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/20.md b/act/18/20.md index 7d83e04b71..64962a5315 100644 --- a/act/18/20.md +++ b/act/18/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## they asked ## +# General Information: -"the Jews asked" +Here the words "they" and "them" refer to the Jews in Ephesus. -## taking his leave of them ## +# taking his leave of them "saying good-bye to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/22.md b/act/18/22.md index fb578cf77f..e6afe5d4d9 100644 --- a/act/18/22.md +++ b/act/18/22.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## landed at Caesarea ## +# Connecting Statement: -"arrived at Caesarea" +Paul continues his missionary journey. -## he went up ## +# General Information: -"Paul traveled to the city of Jerusalem" +Phrygia is a province in Asia which is now modern day Turkey. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:10](../02/08.md). -## greeted the Jerusalem church ## +# landed at Caesarea -"greeted the members of the church of Jerusalem" +"arrived at Caesarea." The word "landed" is used to show that he arrived by ship. -## then went down ## +# he went up -"then went down from Jerusalem". Though Jerusalem was on a hill, the up and down directionals refer to the spiritual significance of Jerusalem rather than physical elevation. +He traveled to the city of Jerusalem. The phrase "went up" is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than Caesarea. -## Pual departed ## +# greeted the Jerusalem church + +Here "church" refers to the believers in Jerusalem. AT: "greeted the members of the church of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# then went down + +The phrase "went down" is used here because Antioch is lower in elevation than Jerusalem. + +# Paul departed "Paul went away" or "Paul left" -## regions of Galatia and Phrygia ## +# After having spent some time there -provinces in Asia that are now modern day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## encouraged all the disciples ## - -"strengthened all the disciples" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks about "time" as if it were a commodity that a person could spend. AT: After staying there for a while" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/24.md b/act/18/24.md index 3fd59c4e0a..05472d8b20 100644 --- a/act/18/24.md +++ b/act/18/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,47 @@ -## an Alexandrian by birth ## +# Connecting Statement: -"a man who was born in the city of Alexandria". Possible cities are 1) "Alexandria in Egypt on the north coast" or 2) "Alexandria in Asia on the west coast." +Luke tells what happens in Ephesus with Priscilla and Aquila. -## Being fervent in spirit ## +# General Information: -He was wholehearted in his zeal and teaching. +Apollos is introduced to the story. Verses 24 and 25 give background information about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## the baptism of John ## +# Now -"The baptism that John performed" +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. -## eloquent in speech ## +# a certain Jew named Apollos + +The phrase "a certain" indicates that Luke is introducing a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# an Alexandrian by birth + +"a man who was born in the city of Alexandria." This was a city in Egypt on the north coast of Africa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# eloquent in speech "a good speaker" -## more accurately ## +# mighty in the scriptures -"more fully" \ No newline at end of file +"he knew the scriptures thoroughly." He understood the Old Testament writings well. + +# Apollos had been instructed in the teachings of the Lord + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Other believers had taught Apollos how the Lord Jesus wanted people to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Being fervent in spirit + +Here "spirit" refers to the entire person of Apollos. AT: "Being very enthusiastic" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the baptism of John + +"The baptism that John performed." This is comparing John's baptism which was with water to Jesus' baptism which is with the Holy Spirit. + +# the way of God + +How God wants people to live is spoken of as if it were a road that a person travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# more accurately + +"correctly" or "more fully" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/27.md b/act/18/27.md index 05008ee64a..3c4d740ce3 100644 --- a/act/18/27.md +++ b/act/18/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## When he desired ## +# General Information: -"When Apollos desired" +Here the he words "he," "him," and "his" refer to Apollos. (See: [Acts 18:24-26](./24.md)) -## pass over into Achaia ## +# General Information: -"go to the region of Achaia". Achaia was a Roman Province that was the southern section of modern Greece. +Achaia was a Roman Province in the southern section of Greece. See how you translated this in [Acts 18:12](./12.md). -## wrote to the disciples ## +# to pass over into Achaia + +"to go to the region of Achaia." The phrase "pass over" is used here because Apollos had to cross the Aegean Sea to get to Achaia from Ephesus. + +# brothers + +The word "brothers" here refers to men and women believers. You can make explicit that these are believers in Ephesus. AT: "fellow believers in Ephesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# wrote to the disciples "wrote a letter to the Christians in Achaia" -## When he arrived ## +# those who believed by grace -"When Apollos arrived" +"those who had believed in salvation by grace" or "those who by God's grace believed in Jesus" -## Apollos publicly overwhelmed ## +# Apollos powerfully refuted the Jews in public debate -Apollos defeated the Jews in front of other people by his arguments. \ No newline at end of file +"In public debate Apollos powerfully showed that the Jews were wrong" + +# showing by the scriptures that Jesus is the Christ + +"as he showed them by the scriptures that Jesus is the Christ" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/18/intro.md b/act/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ec7523c982 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Acts 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "(Apollos) knew only the baptism of John" ##### +Even after the death of Jesus, there remained some Jews who followed the teachings of John the Baptist, but who had not yet heard about Jesus. Apollos belongs to this group who was faithful to God through following John the Baptist, but who awaited the messiah whom they did not know had come. The baptism to which this passage refers is John's baptism of repentance. It is distinct from Christian baptism. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 18:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/01.md b/act/19/01.md index a5a73ee1a2..643ef13a94 100644 --- a/act/19/01.md +++ b/act/19/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## It came about ## +# Connecting Statement: -"it happened" +Paul travels to Ephesus. -## passed through ## +# General Information: + +The "upper country" was an area of Asia which today is part of modern-day Turkey to the north of Ephesus. Paul must have traveled by land around the top of the Aegean sea in order to come to Ephesus (also in Turkey today) which is directly east of Corinth by sea. + +# It came about that + +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# passed through "traveled through" -## upper country ## +# receive the Holy Spirit -This was an area of Asia (modern Turkey) which was to the north of Ephesus and Alexandria Troas and eastward inland. +This means to have the Holy Spirit come upon them. -## receive the Holy Spirit ## +# we did not even hear about the Holy Spirit -To obtain or get the Holy Spirit - -## we did not even hear about the Holy Spirit ## - -"we had not heard about the Holy Spirit". \ No newline at end of file +"we have not even heard about the Holy Spirit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/03.md b/act/19/03.md index 5a25e924d0..e8f13cbf8b 100644 --- a/act/19/03.md +++ b/act/19/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Paul continues his discussion with the new believers in Ephesus. +# General Information: -## Into what then were you baptized? ## +Here the words "They," "you," and "they" refer to certain disciples in the city of Ephesus. (See: [Acts 19:1](./03.md)) -"Whose baptism were you baptized in?" or "Under whose name were you baptized?" +# General Information: -## They said ## +The word "him" refers to John. -"the disciples said" +# Into what then were you baptized? -## Into John’s baptism ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "What kind of baptism did you receive?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"With the baptism of John" +# Into John's baptism -## the baptism of repentance ## +You can translate this as a complete sentence. AT: "We received the kind of baptism about which John taught" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -"the baptism that people requested when they wanted to turn away from their sin" +# the baptism of repentance -## come after him ## +You can translate the abstract noun "repentance" as the verb "repent." AT: "the baptism that people requested when they wanted to repent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"come after John the Baptist in time" and not following after him physically \ No newline at end of file +# the one who would come + +Here "the one" refers to Jesus. + +# come after him + +This means to come after John the Baptist in time and not following after him physically. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/05.md b/act/19/05.md index 8fb2566811..e268a70064 100644 --- a/act/19/05.md +++ b/act/19/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## when the people ## +# Connecting Statement: -The Ephesian believers talking with Paul. +Paul continues staying in Ephesus. -## laid his hands ## +# When the people -"placed his hands on their heads as he prayed" (UDB) +Here "people" refers to the disciples in Ephesus who were talking with Paul. (See: [Acts 19:1](./03.md)) -## they spoke in other languages and prophesied ## +# they were baptized -There was no further details of who may have understood their messages, unlike acts [Acts 2:1](../02/01.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they received baptism" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## In all they were about twelve men. ## +# in the name of the Lord Jesus -"...whom Paul baptized and who received the Holy Spirit" (UDB) is implied information not specified in the ULB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" refers to Jesus' power and authority. AT: "as believers in the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# laid his hands on them + +"placed his hands on them." He probably placed his hands on their shoulders or heads. AT: "placed his hands on their heads as he prayed" + +# they spoke in other languages and prophesied + +Unlike in [Acts 2:3-4](../02/01.md), there are no details of who understood their messages. + +# In all they were about twelve men + +This tells how many men were baptized. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# twelve men + +"12 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/08.md b/act/19/08.md index 55c1210b23..71e6c1d43e 100644 --- a/act/19/08.md +++ b/act/19/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## Paul went into the synagogue and spoke boldly for the space of three months ## +# Paul went into the synagogue and spoke boldly for three months -This could also be translated as "Paul regularly attended the synagogue meetings for three months and spoke there boldly." +"Paul regularly attended the synagogue meetings for three months and spoke there boldly" -## persuading people ## +# reasoning and persuading them -"trying to convince people of the truth being spoken" +"convincing people with convincing arguments and with clear teaching" -## some Jews were hardened ## +# about the kingdom of God -"some Jews stubbornly refused to accept the message" +Here "kingdom" stands for God's rule as king. AT: "about God's rule as king" or "about how God would show himself as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to speak evil ## +# some Jews were hardened and disobedient -"to speak bad things" +To stubbornly refuse to believe is spoken of as though the people were becoming hard and unable to move. AT: "some Jews were stubborn and did not believe" or "some Jews stubbornly refused to accept and obey the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the way of Christ ## +# to speak evil of the Way before the crowd -"salvation through Jesus Christ" +What Christ wants people to believe is spoken of as though it were a road that a person travels. The phrase, "the Way," seems to have been a title for Christianity at the time. AT: "to speak evil about Christianity to the crowd" or "to speak to the crowd evil things about those who follow Christ and who obey his teaching about God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [Acts 9:2](../09/01.md)) -## drew the believers ## +# to speak evil of -"lead the believers" or "physically moved" +"to speak bad things about" -## all who lived in Asia heard ## +# in the lecture hall of Tyrannus -Possible meanings are 1) "Paul Shared the gospel with many people through out all of Asia" or 2) "Paul's message went out to all of Asia from Ephesus from people visiting Ephesus from all over Asia." \ No newline at end of file +"in the large room where Tyrannus had taught people" + +# Tyrannus + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all who lived in Asia heard + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul shared the gospel with many people throughout all of Asia or 2) Paul's message went out to all of Asia from Ephesus by the Ephesians as well as people who visited Ephesus and came from all over Asia. + +# the word of the Lord + +Here "word" stands for a message. AT: "the message about the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/11.md b/act/19/11.md index 2123115909..5662d907db 100644 --- a/act/19/11.md +++ b/act/19/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## by the hands of Paul ## +# General Information: -"through Paul" +Here the words "them" and "they" refer to those who were sick. -## when they took handkerchiefs and aprons from Paul's body ## +# God was doing mighty deeds by the hands of Paul -This can be translated as "when handkerchiefs and aprons touched by Paul were applied on the afflicted" \ No newline at end of file +Here "hands" stands for Paul's whole person. AT: "God was causing Paul to do miracles" or "God was doing miracles through Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched him were taken to the sick and + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when they took to sick people even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched Paul" + +# even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched him + +Possible meanings are 1) these were cloth items that Paul had touched or 2) these were cloth items that Paul had worn or used. + +# handkerchiefs + +cloths worn around the head + +# aprons + +clothing worn on the front of the body to protect the clothes of people + +# the sick + +This refers to sick people. AT: "sick people" or "those who were sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# their illnesses were cured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those who were sick became healthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/13.md b/act/19/13.md index 92624518ff..50240debec 100644 --- a/act/19/13.md +++ b/act/19/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Jewish exorcists ## +# General Information: -People who expel evil spirits from people or places +This is the beginning of another event that happened while Paul was in Ephesus. It is about Jewish exorcists. -## took the name of Jesus for their own use ## +# exorcists -Even though they did not believe in Jesus, they tried to use his name as one of their magic words. +people who send evil spirits away from people or places -## those who had evil spirits ## +# the name of the Lord Jesus -"those who were under the influence of evil spirits" +Here "name" refers to Jesus' power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## spoke it over ## +# By the Jesus whom Paul proclaims -"spoke it to" \ No newline at end of file +"Jesus" was a common name at the time, so these exorcists wanted people to know of whom they spoke. + +# By the Jesus + +This stands for the power and authority of Jesus. AT: "by the authority of Jesus" or "by the power of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Sceva + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/15.md b/act/19/15.md index c750f77b83..59211a28c6 100644 --- a/act/19/15.md +++ b/act/19/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Jesus I know, and Paul I know ## +# Jesus I know, and Paul I know -"I know Jesus and Paul;" or "I have heard about Jesus and Paul" +"I know Jesus and Paul" or "I know Jesus, and I know Paul" -## who are you ## +# but who are you? -This is a rhetorical question to express skepticism regarding the authority they have over evil spirits. This can also be translated as "what authority do you have?" or "you have no authority." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The spirit asked this question to emphasize that the exorcists had no authority over evil spirits. AT: "but I do not know you!" or "but you have no authority over me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the exorcists ## +# The evil spirit in the man leaped -Translate "exorcists" the same way in previous verse. (Acts [Acts 19:15](./15.md)) +This means that the evil spirit caused the man whom it was controlling to leap on the exorcists. -## they fled…naked ## +# exorcists -the exorcists fled with some or all of their clothes ripped off them. +This refers to people who send evil spirits from people or places. See how you translated this in [Acts 19:13](./13.md). -## They became very afraid ## +# they fled ... naked -"the Jews and Greeks at Ephesus became very afraid" \ No newline at end of file +The exorcists fled with their clothes ripped off them. + +# the name of the Lord Jesus was honored + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they honored the name of the Lord Jesus" or "they considered the name of the Lord Jesus to be great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the name + +This stands for the power and authority of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/18.md b/act/19/18.md index bd1c0eb859..79857248e6 100644 --- a/act/19/18.md +++ b/act/19/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## brought their books ## +# Connecting Statement: -scrolls on which magical incantations and formulas were written +This ends the story about the Jewish exorcists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## in the sight of everyone ## +# brought their books + +"collected their books." The word "books" refers to scrolls on which magical incantations and formulas were written. + +# in the sight of everyone "in front of everyone" -## pieces of silver ## +# the value of them -A piece of silver was worth about a common laboror's daily wages. +"the value of the books" or "the value of the scrolls" -## So the word of the Lord spread very widely in powerful ways ## +# fifty thousand -"The message about the Lord was so effective that it kept spreading and becoming more influential." \ No newline at end of file +"50,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# pieces of silver + +A "piece of silver" was the approximate daily wage for a common laborer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# So the word of the Lord spread very widely in powerful ways + +"So because of these powerful deeds, more and more people heard the message about the Lord Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/21.md b/act/19/21.md index d1b5a998ff..adeaa6ed71 100644 --- a/act/19/21.md +++ b/act/19/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## Paul completed his ministry ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul completed the work that God had for him to do in Ephesus. +Paul talks about going Jerusalem but does not leave Ephesus yet. -## Macedonia and Achaia ## +# Now -These provinces are modern day Greece. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke starts to tell a new part of the story. -## he decided in the Spirit ## +# Paul completed his ministry in Ephesus -Possible meanings are 1) Paul decided with the help of the (Holy) Spirit" or 2) the Spirit led Paul to decide. +"Paul completed the work that God had for him to do in Ephesus" -## I must also see Rome ## +# he decided in the Spirit + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul decided with the help of the Holy Spirit or 2) Paul decided within his own spirit, which means he made up his mind. + +# Achaia + +Achaia was the Roman province in which Corinth was located. It was the largest city in southern Greece and the capital of the province. See how you translated this in [Acts 18:12](../18/12.md). + +# I must also see Rome "I must also travel to Rome" -## But he himself stayed in Asia for a while. ## +# Erastus -It is made explicit in the next few verses that Paul was staying in Ephesus. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# But he himself stayed in Asia for a while + +It is made explicit in the next few verses that Paul remains in Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he himself + +This is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/23.md b/act/19/23.md index 99d1e802f4..0416ba688d 100644 --- a/act/19/23.md +++ b/act/19/23.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## a great disturbance ## +# Connecting Statement: -a near riot situation +Luke tells about a riot that broke out while Paul was in Ephesus. -## the Way ## +# General Information: -This was a term used to refer to Christianity. +Demetrius is introduced to the story. Verse 24 introduces background information about Demetrius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## A certain silversmith ## +# General Information: -A silversmith is a craftsman who works with silver metal to make statues and jewelry. +Ephesus had a large temple dedicated to the goddess Artemis, sometimes translated as "Diana." She was a false goddess of fertility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## named Demetrius ## +# there was no small disturbance in Ephesus concerning the Way -A Silversmith in Ephesus who was against Paul and the local church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a summary opening statement. -## silver statues of Diana ## +# there was no small disturbance -Ephesus had a large temple dedicated to the goddess Diana. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"the people became very upset" See how you translated this in [Acts 12:18](../12/18.md) -## brought in much business ## +# the Way -Sold many silver statues made in the image of Diana \ No newline at end of file +This was a term used to refer to Christianity. See how you translated this title in [Acts 9:1](../09/01.md). + +# A certain silversmith named Demetrius + +The use of the words "a certain" introduces a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# silversmith + +a craftsman who works with silver metal to make statues and jewelry + +# named Demetrius + +This is the name of a man. Demetrius was a silversmith in Ephesus who was against Paul and the local church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# brought in much business + +"made a lot of money for those who made the idols" + +# the workmen of that occupation + +An occupation is a profession or job. AT: "others who did that kind of work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/26.md b/act/19/26.md index 19043a8471..2287c56786 100644 --- a/act/19/26.md +++ b/act/19/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -Demetrius, the silversmith, continues to speak to the craftsmen. +# Connecting Statement: -## You see and hear that ## +Demetrius continues to speak to the craftsmen. -"you have come to know and understand" +# You see and hear that -## turned away many people ## +"You have come to know and understand that" -"persuaded many people to stop worshipping the local gods and turn to Christ" +# turned away many people -## she would even lose her greatness ## +Paul's stopping people from worshiping idols is spoken of as though Paul were literally turning the people in a different direction. AT: "caused many people to stop worshiping the local gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Diana's greatness only comes from what people think of her. +# He is saying that there are no gods that are made with hands -## whom all Asia and the world worships. ## +Here the word "hands" can refer to the whole person. AT: He is saying that there are no gods that are made with the hands of people" or "He is saying that the idols that people make are not real gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -This is an hyperbole showing the popularity of the goddess Diana and the fact that many people worshipped her. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +# that our trade will no longer be needed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the people will no longer want to buy idols from us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the temple of the great goddess Artemis may be considered worthless + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people will think there is no benefit in going to the temple to worship the great goddess Artemis" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# she would even lose her greatness + +Artemis's greatness only comes from what people think of her. + +# whom all Asia and the world worships + +This was an exaggeration to show how popular the goddess Artemis was. Here the words "Asia" and "the world" refer to the people in Asia and the known world. AT: "whom many people in Asia and in other parts of the world worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/28.md b/act/19/28.md index bb53c6560e..510ec594a3 100644 --- a/act/19/28.md +++ b/act/19/28.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## When they heard ## +# General Information: -"When the craftsmen heard" +Here the first word "they" refers to the craftsmen who made the idols ([Acts 19:24-25](./23.md)). The second word "They" refers to the people who had gathered to hear the craftsmen who shouted. -## were filled with anger ## +# General Information: -"became very angry" +Gaius and Aristarchus came from Macedonia but were working with Paul in Ephesus at this time. -## and cried out, saying ## +# they were filled with anger -"shouted out loud, speaking" +This speaks of the craftsmen as though they were containers. Here "anger" is spoken of as if it were the contents that fill a container. AT: "they became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they had seized Paul's travel companions ## +# cried out -"the people seized Paul's travel companion" +"shouted aloud" or "shouted loudly" -## the people rushed together ## +# The whole city was filled with confusion + +Here "city" refers to the people. The city is spoken of as if it were a container. And, "confusion" is spoken of as if it were the contents that filled the container. AT: "Then people all over the city became upset and started shouting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the people rushed together This was a mob or near riot situation. -## into the theater ## +# into the theater -The Ephesus Theater was used for public meetings and for entertainment such as plays and music. +The Ephesus theater was used for public meetings and for entertainment such as plays and music. It was an outdoor semi-circular area with bench seats that could hold thousands of people. -## who came from Macedonia ## +# Paul's travel companions -Gais and Aristarchus came from Macedonia but were working with Paul in Ephesus at this time. \ No newline at end of file +The men who had been with Paul. + +# Gaius and Aristarchus + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/30.md b/act/19/30.md index 8175965723..f17a02e9e2 100644 --- a/act/19/30.md +++ b/act/19/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## theater ## +# General Information: -an outdoor semi-circular complex with bench seats that could accommodate thousands of people \ No newline at end of file +Ephesus was part of the Roman empire and in the province of Asia. + +# enter the theater + +The Ephesus theater was used for public meetings and for entertainment such as plays and music. It was an outdoor semi-circular area with bench seats that could hold thousands of people. See how you translated "theater" in [Acts 19:29](./28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/33.md b/act/19/33.md index 6454a7edc4..a3e42a486a 100644 --- a/act/19/33.md +++ b/act/19/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Jews brought Alexander ## +# Alexander -Paul warns Timothy of Alexander the coppersmith (2 Timothy [2 Timothy 4:14](../../2ti/04/14.md)). It is not clear if they are the same person. +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## motioned with his hand ## +# motioned with his hand -"gestured to the audience" +You can make explicit that Alexander was showing the crowd that he wanted them to be quiet. AT: "gestured to the crowd to be quiet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## make an explanation ## +# to give an explanation -He wanted to "offer a defense," but it is not clear what he was going to say. \ No newline at end of file +"wanting to explain" + +# with one voice + +The shouting together of the people at the same time is spoken of as though they were speaking with one voice. AT: "in unison" or "together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/35.md b/act/19/35.md index c11b529f49..8a11fb0aaf 100644 --- a/act/19/35.md +++ b/act/19/35.md @@ -1,15 +1,43 @@ -## You men of Ephesus ## +# Connecting Statement: -"you" is referring to all the men present who were from Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The clerk of Ephesus speaks to quiet the crowd. -## what man is there who does not know that the city of the Ephesians is temple-keeper of the great Diana and of the image which fell down from heaven? ## +# General Information: -keeper of the great Diana and of the image which fell down from heaven?** - This is a rhetorical question used to calm the crowd. It can also be translated, "every man knows that the city of the Ephesians is temple-keeper of the great Diana and of the image which fell down from heaven." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The words "You" and "you" refer to all the men present who were from Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## temple-keeper ## +# the town clerk -keeper** - The Ephesian people maintained and guarded the temple of Artemis. +This refers to the town "writer" or "secretary." -## the image that fell down from heaven? ## +# what man is there who does not know that the city of the Ephesians is temple keeper ... heaven? -Within the temple of Artemis was an image of the goddess that had been fashioned from a meteorite, a rock thought to have come directly from Zeus. \ No newline at end of file +The clerk asked this question to assure the crowd they were right and to comfort them. AT: "every man knows that the city of the Ephesians is temple keeper ... heaven." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who does not know + +The town clerk uses "not" to emphasize that all of the people knew this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# temple keeper + +The Ephesian people maintained and guarded the temple of Artemis. + +# the image which fell down from heaven + +Within the temple of Artemis was an image of the goddess. It had been fashioned from a meteorite which fell from the sky. People thought that his rock had come directly from Zeus, the ruler of the Greek gods (idols). + +# Seeing then that these things are undeniable + +"Since you know these things" + +# do nothing rash + +"do not do anything before you have had time to think about it" + +# rash + +"wild," "hasty," or "without careful thought" + +# these men + +The words "these men" refer to Gaius and Aristarchus, Paul's traveling companions. (See: [Acts 19:29](./28.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/38.md b/act/19/38.md index 06714020d5..f7a53d785c 100644 --- a/act/19/38.md +++ b/act/19/38.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ -The town clerk continues to speak to the crowd +# Connecting Statement: -## Demetrius ## +The town clerk finishes speaking to the crowd. -A Silversmith in Ephesus who was against Paul and the local church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Therefore -## proconsuls ## +This word marks a statement that is said because of what was said previously. The town clerk had said in [Acts 19:37](./35.md) that Gaius and Aristarchus were not robbers or blasphemers. -This was a Roman word for a governor or ruler. \ No newline at end of file +# have an accusation against anyone + +The word "accusation" can be stated as the verb "accuse." AT: "want to accuse someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# proconsuls + +"representatives." This refers the Roman governor's representatives who made legal decisions in court. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Let them accuse one another + +This does not mean Demetrius and those with him will accuse each other. It means this is a place where people in general can speak their accusation. AT: "There people can accuse one another" + +# But if you seek anything about other matters + +"But if you have other matters to discuss" + +# it shall be settled in the regular assembly + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let us settle it in the regular assembly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the regular assembly + +This refers to a public gathering of citizens over which the county clerk presided. + +# in danger of being accused concerning this day's riot + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "in danger of the Roman authorities accusing us of starting this riot today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/19/intro.md b/act/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1e352e6ae6 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Acts 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### "So the word of the Lord spread very widely in powerful ways" ##### +This is the major theme of this chapter and the book of Acts overall. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Receiving the Holy Spirit ##### + +Many scholars believe this events marks the time when the Spirit started to indwell people when they began to believe in Jesus. The Spirit did this in order to assure them and to guide them. Others believe this event gave them the ability to speak in tongues, in addition to indwelling them, but that it is an event that occurs after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +##### Baptism ##### +There are several baptisms mentioned in this chapter. The baptism of John was about repentance. Christian baptism is about identifying with Christ. The baptism of the Spirit is the same as "receiving the Spirit." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +##### Temple of Diana ##### +The temple of Diana was important for the businesses of Ephesus. Many people came to this city to see this amazing temple and bought statues while they were there. The people's belief in Jesus caused problems for these people because of the affect it had on their businesses. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/01.md b/act/20/01.md index 2d4080a3b7..323936c6b5 100644 --- a/act/20/01.md +++ b/act/20/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## After the uproar ## +# Connecting Statement: -"After the uprising" or "following the riot" +Paul leaves Ephesus and continues his travels. -## he said farewell ## +# After the uproar -"he said goodbye." This is something that is said when a person leaves another's presence. +"After the riot" or "Following the riot" -## had encouraged the believers very much ## +# he said farewell -"had said many things to encourage the believers" +"he said goodbye" -## he had spent three months there ## +# spoken many words of encouragement to them -"he had stayed three months there" +"had greatly encouraged the believers" or "had said many things to encourage the believers" -## a plot was formed against him by the Jews ## +# After he had spent three months there -"the Jews formed a plot against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"After he had stayed there three months." This speaks about time as if it were something a person could spend. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a plot was formed ## +# a plot was formed against him by the Jews -"a secret plan was formed" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Jews formed a plot against him" or "the Jews formed a secret plan to harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he was about to sail for Syria ## +# by the Jews -"he was ready to sail for Syria" \ No newline at end of file +This means only some of the Jews. AT: "by some of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# as he was about to sail for Syria + +"as he was ready to sail for Syria" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/04.md b/act/20/04.md index 18a61773fd..29842510bc 100644 --- a/act/20/04.md +++ b/act/20/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## Accompanying him ## +# General Information: -"Traveling with Paul" +Here the word "him" refers to Paul. (See: [Acts 20:1](./01.md)) -## Sopater of Berea, the son of Pyrrhus ## +# General Information: -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +All instances of "us" and "we" refer to the writer and Paul and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## these men had gone before us ## +# Accompanying him -Luke the author of Acts has rejoined the group. Alternate translation: "these men had traveled ahead of us." \ No newline at end of file +"Traveling with him" + +# Sopater ... Pyrrhus ... Secundus ... Tychicus ... Trophimus + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Berea ... Derbe ... Troas + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Aristarchus ... Gaius + +These are names of men. See how you translated these names in [Acts 19:29](../19/28.md). + +# these men had gone before us + +"these men had traveled ahead of us" + +# the days of unleavened bread + +This refers to a time of Jewish religious feast time during the Passover season. See how you translated this in [Acts 12:3](../12/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/07.md b/act/20/07.md index 05fd7271e3..73f2f1bb29 100644 --- a/act/20/07.md +++ b/act/20/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## On the first day of the week ## +# Connecting Statement: -"on Sunday" +Luke tells about Paul's preaching in Troas and about what happened to Eutychus. -## to break bread ## +# General Information: -Bread was broken and eaten during the Lord's Supper (UDB) +Here the word "we" refers to the writer, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [Acts 20:4-6](./04.md)) -## he kept speaking ## +# to break bread + +Bread was part of their meals. Possible meanings are 1) this refers simply to eating a meal together. AT: "eat a meal" or 2) this refers to the meal they would eat together in order to remember Christ's death and resurrection. AT: "to eat the Lord's Supper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he kept speaking "he continued to speak" -## upper room ## +# upper room -This is probably on the third floor of an apartment complex. \ No newline at end of file +This may have been the third floor house. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/09.md b/act/20/09.md index f8ec4954e9..8980e076c1 100644 --- a/act/20/09.md +++ b/act/20/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## who fell into a deep sleep ## +# General Information: -He was not awake any longer but was sleeping strongly. +Here the word "himself" refers to Paul. The first word "he" refers to Paul; the second word "he" refers to the young man, Eutychus. The word "him" refers to Eutychus. -## third story ## +# In the window -"two floors above the ground floor" +This was an opening in the wall with a ledge that was wide enough on which a person could sit. -## was picked up dead ## +# Eutychus -When they went down to check his condition, they saw he was dead. +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## embraced him ## +# who fell into a deep sleep -"Put his arms around him" (UDB) +This speaks about sleep as if it were a deep hole into which a person could fall. AT: "who slept soundly" or "who became more and more tired until finally he was sleeping soundly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Then he said ## +# third story and was picked up dead -"Then Paul said" +When they went down to check his condition, they saw he was dead. This can be stated in active form. AT: "third story; and when they went to pick him up, they found that he was dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he is alive ## +# third story -"Eutychus is alive" \ No newline at end of file +This means two floors above the ground floor. If your culture does not count the ground floor, you may state this as the "second story." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/11.md b/act/20/11.md index 20789f315b..5cf85dc81b 100644 --- a/act/20/11.md +++ b/act/20/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## he went upstairs ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Paul went upstairs" +This is the end of the part of the story about Paul's preaching at Troas and about Eutychus. -## broke bread ## +# General Information: -"shared a meal." This included dividing up loaves of bread between all the people. +Here the word "he" refers to Paul. -## he left ## +# broke bread + +Bread was a common food during meals. Here "break bread" probably means they shared a meal with more kinds of food than just bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he left "he went away" -## the boy ## +# the boy -Possible meanings are 1) young man over 14 (UDB), 2) servant or slave, 3) or a boy between 9 and 14 years old. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Eutychus ([Acts 20:09](./09.md)). Possible meanings are 1) he was a young man over 14 years old or 2) he was a boy between 9 and 14 years old or 3) the word "boy" implies that he was a servant or a slave. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/13.md b/act/20/13.md index 4ff309b13c..2bef986598 100644 --- a/act/20/13.md +++ b/act/20/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## We ourselves went ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Ourselves" adds emphasis and separates Luke and his traveling companions from Paul, who did not travel by boat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +The writer Luke, Paul, and his other companions continue their travels; however, Paul goes separately for part of the trip. -## he himself desired ## +# General Information: -"Paul desired" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) +Here the word "we" refers to the writer and those traveling with him, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## sailed away to Assos ## +# General Information: -Assos is a town located directly below present day Behram, Turkey on the coast of the Aegean sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The words "he," "himself," and "him" refer to Paul. -## we took him ## +# We ourselves went -The word "we" refers to Luke and those travelling with him but not Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +The word "ourselves" adds emphasis and separates Luke and his traveling companions from Paul, who did not travel by boat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## went to Mitylene ## +# sailed away to Assos -Mitylene is a town located in present day Mitilini, Turkey on the coast of the Aegean sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Assos is a town located directly below present day Behram in Turkey on the coast of the Aegean sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he himself desired + +Himself is used to emphasize that this is what Paul wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# to go by land + +"to travel on land" + +# went to Mitylene + +Mitylene is a town located in present day Mitilini in Turkey on the coast of the Aegean sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/15.md b/act/20/15.md index d9c1da1075..aa22d0266a 100644 --- a/act/20/15.md +++ b/act/20/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## we sailed from there ## +# General Information: -The word "we" refers to Paul, Luke, and those traveling with them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here the word "we" refers to Paul, the writer, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## the island of Chios ## +# opposite the island -Chios is an island off the coast of modern day Turkey in the Aegean sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"near the island" or "across from the island" -## we touched at the island of Samos ## +# the island of Chios -Samos is an island south of Chios in the Aegean sea off the coast of modern day Turkey. Alternate Translation: "we arrived at the island of Samos." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Chios is an island off the coast of modern day Turkey in the Aegean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the city of Miletus ## +# we touched at the island of Samos + +"we arrived at the island of Samos" + +# island of Samos + +Samos is an island south of Chios in the Aegean Sea off the coast of modern day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the city of Miletus Miletus was a port city in western Asia Minor near the mouth of the Meander River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## For Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus ## +# For Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus -Paul sailed south past the port city of Ephesus, further south in order to land at Miletus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul sailed south past the port city of Ephesus, further south in order to land at Miletus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# so that he would not spend any time + +This speaks about "time" as if it were a commodity that a person could spend or use up. AT: "so that he would not have to remain for a time" or "so that he would not have a delay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/17.md b/act/20/17.md index 7d0999fd58..2132018ba2 100644 --- a/act/20/17.md +++ b/act/20/17.md @@ -1,27 +1,51 @@ -## From Miletus ## +# Connecting Statement: -See how you translated Miletus in Acts [Acts 20:15](./15.md). +Paul calls the elders of the church of Ephesus and begins to speak to them. -## set foot in Asia ## +# General Information: -"entered this region of Asia" +Here the word "he" refers to Paul. -## lowliness of mind ## +# General Information: -"humility" or "humbleness" +The word "our" refers to Paul and the elders to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## with tears ## +# Miletus -I sometimes cried as I served the Lord. +Miletus was a port city in western Asia Minor near the mouth of the Meander River. See how you translated this in [Acts 20:15](./15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## keep back ## +# You yourselves -"hold back" or "withhold" +Here "yourselves" is used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## going from house to house ## +# I set foot in Asia -That is, he taught people in various private homes. +Here "foot" stands for the entire person. AT: "I entered Asia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## repentance toward God ## +# how I always spent my time with you -"turn from their sins toward God" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks about time as if it were something that a person could spend. AT: "how I always conducted myself when I was with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lowliness of mind + +This speaks about something humble as if it were low to the ground. The word "mind" stands for a person's inner attitude. AT: "humility" or "humbleness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with tears + +Here "tears" stands for feeling sad and crying. AT: "I crying as I served the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of the Jews + +This does not mean every Jew. This lets us know who plotted. AT: "of some of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# You know how I did not keep back from declaring to you + +"You know how I was never silent, but I always declared to you" + +# from house to house + +Paul taught people in various private homes. The words "I taught" are understood. AT: "I also taught when I was in your homes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# about repentance toward God and of faith in our Lord Jesus + +The abstract nouns "repentance" and "faith" can be stated as verbs. AT: "that they need to repent before God and believe in our Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/22.md b/act/20/22.md index e278ce9ef9..cc5e1be22d 100644 --- a/act/20/22.md +++ b/act/20/22.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# General Information: -## bound in the Holy Spirit to Jerusalem ## +Here the word "I" refers to Paul. -"compelled by the Holy Spirit to travel to Jerusalem" +# compelled by the Spirit -## the Holy Spirit witnesses to me ## +They can be stated in active form. AT: "because the Spirit compels me to go there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"the Holy Spirit communicates these warnings to me" +# not knowing what will happen to me there -## chains and sufferings await me ## +"and I do not know what will happen to me there" -"I am about to be imprisoned with chains and suffer physical punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# chains and sufferings await me -## finish my race ## +Here "chains" refers to Paul's being arrested and put in prison. AT: "people will put me in prison and cause me to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"complete the work that God had set for me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# if only I may finish the race and complete the ministry that I received from the Lord Jesus -## bear witness ## +This speaks about Paul's "race" and "ministry" as if they are objects that Jesus gives and Paul receives. Here "race" and "ministry" mean basically the same thing. Paul repeats this for emphasis. AT: "so that I may complete the work that the Lord Jesus has commanded me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -"give witness" or "testify" \ No newline at end of file +# finish the race + +Paul speaks about completing the work that Jesus has commanded him to do as if he were running a race. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to testify to the gospel of the grace of God + +"to tell people the good news about God's grace." This is the ministry that Paul received from Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/25.md b/act/20/25.md index f3f615f36f..4fbf7792ac 100644 --- a/act/20/25.md +++ b/act/20/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# Connecting Statement: -## I know that you all ## +Paul continues to talk to the Ephesian elders. (See: [Acts 20:17](./17.md)) + +# Now look, I know + +"Now, pay careful attention, because I know" + +# I know that you all "I know that all of you" -## among whom I went about preaching the kingdom ## +# among whom I went about proclaiming the kingdom -"to whom I preached the message about the kingdom of God" +Here "kingdom" stands for God's rule as king. AT: "to whom I preached the message about God's reign as king" or "to whom I preached about how God will show himself as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## will see my face no more ## +# will see my face no more -"will not see me anymore from now on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "face" here represents Paul's physical body. AT: "will not see me anymore on this earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## I am innocent of the blood of any man ## +# I am innocent of the blood of any man -"I cannot be blamed for anyone being judged guilty by God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "blood" stands for a person's death, which, in this case, is not physical death but spiritual death when God declares a person guilty of sin. Paul had told them God's truth. AT: "I am not responsible for anyone whom God judges guilty of sin because they did not trust in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# any man + +Here this means any person whether male or female. AT: "any person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# For I did not hold back from declaring to you + +"For I did not keep silent and not tell you." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "For I certainly declared to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/28.md b/act/20/28.md index 01fd243430..6f4040fba1 100644 --- a/act/20/28.md +++ b/act/20/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# Therefore -## and about all the flock ... and not spare the flock. ## +This word marks a statement that is said because of what was said previously. In this case, it refers back to all that Paul has said so far in his speech about his leaving them. -This is an extended metaphor. The leaders of the church are supposed to care for the people under them and protect them from enemies just as a shepherd would care for his flock of sheep and protect them from wolves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# the flock of which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers. Be careful to shepherd the church of God -## the assembly of the Lord which he purchased with his own blood ## +Believers are likened to a "flock" of sheep here. Church leaders are entrusted by God with the care of the community of believers just as a shepherd would care for his flock of sheep and protect them from wolves. AT: "the group of believers the Holy spirit has entrusted to you. Be sure to take care of the church of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"The people Christ bought by shedding his blood on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# the church of God, which he purchased with his own blood -## draw away the disciples after them ## +The shedding of the "blood" of Christ here is likened to a payment to God for our sins. AT: "the people Christ saved from their sins by shedding his blood on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"Convince people who are followers of Christ to follow their own, false, teaching" \ No newline at end of file +# his own blood + +Here "blood" stands for Christ's death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# vicious wolves will come in among you and will not spare the flock + +This is a picture of people who teach false doctrine and who harm the community of believers as though they were wolves that eat the sheep of the flock. AT: "many enemies will come among you and try to harm the community of believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in order to draw away the disciples after them + +A false teacher convincing believers to start believing his false teaching is spoken of as if he were leading sheep away from the flock to follow him. AT: "in order to convince people who are disciples of Christ to become his disciples instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/31.md b/act/20/31.md index 33d0b94efb..59919b7374 100644 --- a/act/20/31.md +++ b/act/20/31.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# be on guard. Remember -## be on guard. ## +"be on guard and remember" or "be on guard as you remember" -"be awake and alert" or "watch out." (UDB) or "stay alert," +# be on guard -## Remember ## +"be awake and alert" or "watch out." Christian leaders being alert about anyone that may harm the community of believers is spoken of as if they were guards in an army watching out for the enemy army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"Continue to remember" or "Do not forget." +# Remember -## be on guard. Remember ## +"Continue to remember" or "Do not forget" -These can be translated as 1) "be on guard and remember" or 2) "be on guard as you remember" or 3) "be on guard by remembering" - -## for three years I did not stop instructing ## +# for three years I did not stop instructing ... night and day Paul did not teach them continuously for three years, but over the space of three years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## I did not stop instructing ## +# I did not stop instructing -Possible meanings 1) "I did not stop warning" or 2) "I did not stop encouraging with corrections." \ No newline at end of file +"I did not stop warning" + +# with tears + +Here "tears" refers to Paul's crying because of the strong emotion of concern he felt while he was warning the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I entrust you to God and to the word of his grace + +Here "word" stands for a message. AT: "I ask God to take care of you and that he will help you to keep believing the message I spoke to you about his grace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# entrust + +to give someone else the responsibility of taking care of someone or something + +# which is able to build you up + +A person's faith becoming stronger is spoken of as if the person were a wall and someone were building him higher and stronger. AT: "which is able to make become stronger and stronger in your faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to give you the inheritance + +This speaks about the "word of his grace" as if it were God himself that would give the inheritance to believers. AT: "God will give you the inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the inheritance + +The blessings that God gives believers is spoken of as if they were money or property that a child inherits from his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/33.md b/act/20/33.md index 0de77dddaa..35029c01d0 100644 --- a/act/20/33.md +++ b/act/20/33.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# Connecting Statement: -## I coveted no man's silver ## +Paul finishes speaking to the elders of the church of Ephesus; he began to speak them in [Acts 20:18](./17.md). -"I did not greatly desire someone's silver" or "I did not want for myself anyone's silver" +# I coveted no man's silver -## man's silver, gold, or clothing ## +"I did not desire someone's silver" or "I did not want for myself anyone's silver" + +# man's silver, gold, or clothing Clothing was considered a treasure; the more you had, the richer you were. -## You, yourself ## +# You yourselves -The word "yourselves" is used here to add emphasis. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) +The word "yourselves" is used here to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## these hands served my own needs ## +# these hands served my own needs -"I worked with my own hands to earn money and pay for my own expenses." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "hands" here represents the entire person. AT: "I worked to earn money and pay for my own expenses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## help the weak by working ## +# you should help the weak by working -"Work so as to have money to help people who cannot earn it for themselves" +"you should work so as to have money to help people who cannot earn it for themselves" -## It is more blessed to give than to receive ## +# the weak -A person receives the favor of God and experiences his joy more when he gives. \ No newline at end of file +You can state this nominal adjective as an adjective. AT: "weak persons" or "those who are weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# weak + +"sick" + +# the words of the Lord Jesus + +Here "words" refers to what Jesus has said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It is more blessed to give than to receive + +This means a person receives the favor of God and experiences more joy when he gives to other people rather than always receiving from other people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/36.md b/act/20/36.md index 01f5ba81a9..53c1a1f79f 100644 --- a/act/20/36.md +++ b/act/20/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## fell on Paul's neck ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul ends his time with the elders of the church of Ephesus by praying with them. + +# he knelt down and prayed + +It was a common custom to kneel down while praying. It was a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# embraced Paul "hugged him closely" or "put their arms around him" -## kissed him ## +# kissed him Kissing someone on the cheek is an expression of brotherly or friendly love in the Middle East. -## they would never see his face again ## +# they would never see his face again -"they would never see (him) Paul again on this earth." "his face" is used here to refer to Paul as a person. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "face" here represents Paul's physical body. AT: "will not see me anymore on this earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/20/intro.md b/act/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a5e1a65b49 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Acts 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter functions as a way for Paul to say goodbye to the people of Ephesus. He gives them instructions, since they will never see him again. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Race ##### +Paul uses the image of a "race" for the Christian life. This is not to say that the Christian life is about winning or coming in first place. Instead, it is a long race that requires discipline and perseverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]]) + +##### The leading of the Holy Spirit ##### +Christians are to follow the leadership and guidance of the Holy Spirit in their lives. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 20:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/01.md b/act/21/01.md index b1c71568ec..90cd683cc1 100644 --- a/act/21/01.md +++ b/act/21/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## we had parted ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "we" refers to Luke, Paul and those traveling with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +The writer Luke, Paul, and his companions continue their travels. -## we took a straight course to the city of Cos ## +# General Information: -"we went straight to the city of Cos" or "we went directly to the city of Cos" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Here the word "we" refers to Luke, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## City of Cos ## +# we took a straight course to the city of Cos -Cos is a Greek island off the coast of modern day Turkey in the South Aegean sea region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"we went straight to the city of Cos" or "we went directly to the city of Cos" -## city of Rhodes ## +# city of Cos -Rhodes is a Greek island off the coast of modern day Turkey in the South Aegean sea region south of Cos and northeast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Cos is a Greek island off the coast of modern day Turkey in the South Aegean Sea region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## city of Patara ## +# city of Rhodes -Patara is a city on the south west coast of modern day Turkey south of the Aegean Sea in the Mediterranean sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Rhodes is a Greek island off the coast of modern day Turkey in the South Aegean Sea region south of Cos and northeast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# city of Patara + +Patara is a city on the southwest coast of modern day Turkey south of the Aegean Sea in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# When we found a ship crossing over to Phoenicia + +Here "a ship crossing over" stands for the crew that would sail the ship. AT: "When we found a ship with a crew sailing over to Phoenicia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a ship crossing over + +Here "crossing" does not mean it was presently crossing but that it would be crossing to Phoenicia soon. AT: "a ship that would be going across the water" or "a ship that would be going" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/03.md b/act/21/03.md index 20092392eb..8d95c9089d 100644 --- a/act/21/03.md +++ b/act/21/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## We had come ## +# General Information: -The word "we" refers to Luke, Paul and those traveling with them +Here the word "we" refers to Luke, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## left it on the left, ## +# leaving it on the left side of the boat -"passed the island on the left" +"passed the island on the left" the left is the "port" side of a boat. -## These disciples said to Paul through the Spirit ## +# where the ship was to unload its cargo -"These disciples told Paul what God had revealed to them." \ No newline at end of file +Here "ship" stands for the crew that was sailing the ship. AT: "the crew would unload the cargo from the ship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Through the Spirit they kept urging Paul + +"These believers told Paul what the Holy Spirit had revealed to them". They "urged him over and over." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/05.md b/act/21/05.md index 0bbf92cbd1..74fca34a7e 100644 --- a/act/21/05.md +++ b/act/21/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## When we had spent the days ## +# General Information: -"When the time to leave had come" +Here the word "They" refers to the believers from Tyre. -## They all ## +# When our days there were over -The word "they" refers to the believers from Tyre. Luke goes on to state that "they" also included the women and children of all the believers. +This speaks about days as if they were something that a person could spend. AT: "When the seven days were over" or "When it was time to leave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## we all said goodbye ## +# knelt down on the beach, prayed -This was a leave taking of friends. \ No newline at end of file +It was a common custom to kneel down while praying. This was a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# said farewell to each other + +"said goodbye to one another" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/07.md b/act/21/07.md index 313b477082..74252c0473 100644 --- a/act/21/07.md +++ b/act/21/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## When we had finished the voyage ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word “we" refers to Luke, Paul and those traveling with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +This begins Paul's time in Caesarea. -## we arrived at Ptolemais ## +# General Information: + +Here the word "we" refers to Luke, Paul and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# we arrived at Ptolemais Ptolemaic was a city south of Tyre, Lebanon. Ptolemaic is modern day Acre, Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## one of the seven ## +# the brothers -One of the seven men chosen to distribute food and aid to the widows earlier in Acts [Acts 6:5](../06/05.md). +"fellow believers" -## this man ## +# one of the seven -"Philip" +The "seven" refers to the men chosen to distribute food and aid to the widows in [Acts 6:5](../06/05.md). -## four virgin daughters who prophesied ## +# this man -"four virgin daughters who were known as people who regularly received and passed along messages from God" \ No newline at end of file +"Philip" from verse 8. + +# evangelist + +"one who proclaims the good news" usually one who tells people the good news who had not heard the message of salvation + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke tells background information about Philip and his daughters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# four virgin daughters who prophesied + +"four virgin daughters who regularly received and passed along messages from God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/10.md b/act/21/10.md index eb1eaad0bf..6a46ad9486 100644 --- a/act/21/10.md +++ b/act/21/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## a certain prophet ## +# Connecting Statement: -This person was known as a person who regularly received and passed along messages from God. +This tells about a prophecy made about Paul in Caesarea by the prophet Agabus. -## named Agabus ## +# General Information: + +Here the words "we" and "us" refers to Luke, Paul, and those with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# a certain prophet named Agabus + +This introduces a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# named Agabus Agabus was a man from Judea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## took Paul's belt ## +# took Paul's belt "removed Paul's belt from Paul's waist" -## With it he tied ## +# Thus says the Holy Spirit, 'So shall the Jews in Jerusalem tie up ... of the Gentiles.' -"using Paul's belt, he restrained" +This is a quotation within a quotation. The inner quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "'The Holy Spirit says that this will be how the Jews in Jerusalem will tie up ... of the Gentiles.' (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## hand him over ## +# the Jews -"relinquish him" or "deliver him" +This does not mean all the Jews, but that these were the people who would do that. AT: "the Jewish leaders" or "some of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## into the hands of ## +# hand him over -"into the legal custody of." The Gentiles would arrest Paul by taking hold of him with their hands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"deliver him" + +# into the hands of the Gentiles + +The word "hands" here represents control. AT: "into the legal custody of the Gentiles" or "to the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Gentiles + +This stands for the authorities among the Gentiles. AT: "the Gentile authorities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/12.md b/act/21/12.md index 656310d228..e168a6fc34 100644 --- a/act/21/12.md +++ b/act/21/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## What are you doing, weeping and breaking my heart? ## +# General Information: -Paul wants them to stop trying to persuade him to not go to Jerusalem, because they are making him sad with their tears. Alternate translation: "Stop what you are doing, weeping and breaking my heart." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here the word "we" refers to Luke and the other believers but does not include the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## May the will of the Lord be done ## +# What are you doing, weeping and breaking my heart -"we are now accepting whatever is God's plan for Paul in Jerusalem" or "we are now ready to accept what the Lord wants for Paul in Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file +Paul asks this question to show the believers they should stop trying to persuade him. AT: "Stop what you are doing. Your weeping is breaking my heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# breaking my heart + +To make someone sad or to discourage someone is spoken of as if it were a heart being broken. Here "heart" stands for a person's emotions. AT: "discouraging me" or "making me very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not only to be tied up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "not only for them to tie me up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the name of the Lord Jesus + +Here "name" refers to the person of Jesus. AT: "for the sake of the Lord Jesus" or "because I believe in the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# did not wish to be persuaded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "did not want us to try to persuade him not to go to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# May the will of the Lord be done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May everything happen as the Lord has planned it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/15.md b/act/21/15.md index b798c2a876..8c35227140 100644 --- a/act/21/15.md +++ b/act/21/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## we picked up our bags ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word “we" refers to Luke, Paul and those traveling with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +This ends Paul's time in Caesarea. -## they brought with them ## +# General Information: -The word "they" refers to some of the disciples from Caesarea +Here the word "we" refers to Luke, Paul, and those traveling with them, and not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## Mnason, a man from Cyprus ## +# General Information: -Mnason is a man from the island of cyprus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The word "They" refers to some of the disciples from Caesarea. -## an early disciple ## +# They brought with them a man -"a follower from the first group of believers" \ No newline at end of file +"Among them was a man" + +# Mnason, a man from Cyprus + +Mnason is a man from the island of Cyprus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# an early disciple + +This means Mnason was one of the first to believe in Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/17.md b/act/21/17.md index 0ded19581a..d4658a6955 100644 --- a/act/21/17.md +++ b/act/21/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## the brothers welcomed us ## +# Connecting Statement: -These were the remaining jewish believers that remained in Jerusalem after the great persecution began. +Paul and his companions arrive in Jerusalem. -## When he had greeted them, he reported ## +# General Information: -"After Paul greeted the elders, he reported" or "after greeting the elders, Paul reported" +Here the words "he" and "his" refers to Paul. The word "them" refers to the elders. -## his ministry ## +# the brothers welcomed us -"Paul's ministry" +Here "brothers" refers to the believers in Jerusalem whether male or female. AT: "the fellow believers welcomed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## he reported one by one the things that God ## +# he reported one by one -Paul gave a detailed account of all the things that God" \ No newline at end of file +"he gave a detailed account of all" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/20.md b/act/21/20.md index 982105db8e..5fbc3f7a6b 100644 --- a/act/21/20.md +++ b/act/21/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,43 @@ -## When they heard it, they praised God, and they said to him, ## +# Connecting Statement: -"When the elders heard it, the elders praised God, and the elders said to Paul," +The elders in Jerusalem begin their response to Paul. -## They are all determined ## +# General Information: -"The Jewish believers are all determined" +Here the word "they" refers to James and the elders. -## They have been told ## +# General Information: -"People told the Jewish believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "him" refers to Paul. -## you tell them ## +# General Information: -"you tell the Jews" \ No newline at end of file +The word "They" refers to Jewish believers who wanted all believing Jews to keep the Jewish laws and customs. + +# General Information: + +The words "them" and "their" refers to Jewish people who believe in Christ. + +# brother + +Here "brother" means "fellow believer." + +# They have been told about you ... not to follow the old customs + +Apparently here there are some Jews that are distorting what Paul is teaching. He does not discourage the Jews from obeying the Law of Moses. His message is that circumcision and the other customs are not necessary for Jesus to save them. You can make explicit that the leaders of the Jewish believers in Jerusalem knew that Paul was teaching God's true message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They have been told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People have told the Jewish believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to abandon Moses + +Here "Moses" stands for the law of Moses. AT: "to stop obeying the laws that Moses gave us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not to follow the old customs + +To obey the old customs is spoken of as if the customs were leading them and the people follow behind. AT: "not to obey the old customs" or "not to practice the old customs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the old customs + +"the customs that Jews normally do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/22.md b/act/21/22.md index 24fe85eb6a..1e58105cbe 100644 --- a/act/21/22.md +++ b/act/21/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -The Jerusalem elders continue to speak to Paul. +# General Information: -## What should we do? ## +Here the word "we" refers to James and the elders. (See: [Acts 21:18](./17.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -The word "we" refers to the elders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +# General Information: -## four men who made a vow ## +The word "They" refers to the Jewish believers in Jerusalem who wanted to teach Jewish believers that they could still follow the laws of Moses. (See: [Acts 21:20-21](./20.md)) -This was the kind of vow where the person would not drink alcohol or cut their hair until the end of the set period of time. Alternate translation: "four men who made a promise to God". +# General Information: -## pay their expenses for them ## +The words "them," "their," and the first "they" refer to the four men who made a vow. The second words "they" and "They" refer to the Jewish believers in Jerusalem who wanted to teach Jewish believers that they could still follow the laws of Moses. -The expenses would go towards buying a male and female lamb, a ram, and grain and drink offerings. Alternate translation: "pay for what they will need." +# four men who made a vow -## keep the law ## +"four men who made a promise to God." This was the kind of vow where a person would not drink alcohol or cut his hair until the end of a set period of time. -"live a life that conforms to the Law of Moses and other Jewish customs" \ No newline at end of file +# Take these men and purify yourself with them + +They had to make themselves ritually pure so they could worship in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# pay their expenses for them + +"pay for what they will need." The expenses would go toward buying a male and female lamb, a ram, and grain and drink offerings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they may shave their heads + +This was a sign that the person had completed what they promised God they would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the things they have been told about you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things that people are saying about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# follow the law + +This speaks of obeying the law as if the law were a leader and the people follow behind it. AT: "obey the law" or "live a life that conforms to the law of Moses and other Jewish customs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/25.md b/act/21/25.md index ada2bdce1a..55039dc823 100644 --- a/act/21/25.md +++ b/act/21/25.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -the Jerusalem elders continue to speak to Paul. +# Connecting Statement: -## we wrote ## +James and the elders in Jerusalem finish their request to Paul. (See: [Acts 21:18](./17.md)) -The word "we" refers to the elders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +# General Information: -## from what is strangled ## +Here the word "we" refers to James and the elders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -"from animals killed for food without having the blood drained" +# they should keep themselves from things sacrificed to idols, from blood, from what is strangled -## purifying himself with them ## +All of these are rules about what they can eat. They are forbidden to eat meat of animals sacrificed to an idol, meat with blood still in it, and meat from a strangled animal because it would still have blood in the meat. See how you translated similar phrases in [Acts 15:20](../15/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -before entering the temple area the Jews were required to be ceremonially or ritually clean. This cleansing had to do with jews having contact with Gentiles. +# they should keep themselves from things sacrificed to idols -## the days of purification ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they stay away from the meat of an animal that someone sacrificed to an idol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This is a separate purification process related to the vows the men made, separate from the purification processed they were required to fulfill to enter the temple area. +# from what is strangled -## until the offering was offered ## +This can be stated in active form. You can also state explicitly the assumed information about strangled animals. AT: "from animals that a person has strangled" or "from animals that a person killed for food but did not drain its blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"until they presented the animals for a offering" \ No newline at end of file +# took the men + +These are the 4 men who made a vow. + +# purifying himself with them + +Before entering the temple area the Jews were required to be ceremonially or ritually clean. This cleansing had to do with Jews having contact with Gentiles. + +# went into the temple + +They did not go into the temple itself where only the high priest was allowed to enter. They entered the temple courtyard. AT: "went into the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the days of purification + +This is a separate purification process from the purification process which they were required to fulfill in order to enter the temple area. + +# until the offering was offered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until they presented the animals for an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/27.md b/act/21/27.md index 44cec4188b..0ef1a37b04 100644 --- a/act/21/27.md +++ b/act/21/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## excited all the multitude ## +# Connecting Statement: -"caused a large number of people to start a protest" +This begins the story of Paul's arrest. -## laid hands on him ## +# General Information: -"physically grabbed him" +Verse 29 gives background information about the Jews from Asia. -## Besides, he has also brought Greeks into the temple ## +# the seven days -Only Jewish males were allowed to enter the inner court of the Jerusalem temple. +These are the seven days for purification. -## Trophimus ## +# in the temple -This was the Greek man that Paul was accused of bringing into the inner temple area that was only for Jews. \ No newline at end of file +Paul was not in the temple itself. He was in the temple courtyard. AT: "in the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# stirred up the whole crowd + +Inciting people to become very angry at Paul is spoken of as if they stirred up the crowd's emotions. AT: "caused a large number of people to be very angry at Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# laid hands on him + +Here "laid hands on" means to "seize" or to "grab." See how you translated "laid hands on" in [Acts 5:18](../05/17.md). AT: "grabbed Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the people, the law, and this place + +"the people of Israel, the law of Moses, and the temple" + +# Besides, he has also brought Greeks into the temple + +Only Jewish males were allowed in certain areas of the courtyard of the Jerusalem temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For they had previously ... into the temple + +This is background information. Luke is explaining why the Jews from Asia thought Paul brought a Greek into the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Trophimus + +This was a Greek man that they accused Paul of having brought into the inner temple area that was only for Jews. See how you translated his name in [Acts 20:4](../20/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/30.md b/act/21/30.md index 7578a11b0f..01219831c2 100644 --- a/act/21/30.md +++ b/act/21/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## All the city was excited ## +# All the city was excited -"Many people in the city became angry at Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "All" here is an exaggeration for emphasis. The word "city" represents the people in Jerusalem. AT: "Many people in the city became angry at Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the doors were immediately shut ## +# laid hold of Paul -The caretakers quickly closed the temple doors after the crowd dragged Paul out. "The Jews immediately shut the temple doors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"seized Paul" or "grabbed Paul" -## the chief captain ## +# the doors were immediately shut -The military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers. +They shut the doors so that there would not be rioting in the temple area. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Some of the Jews immediately shut the temple doors" or "The temple guards immediately shut the doors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## all Jerusalem was in an uproar ## +# news came up to the chief captain of the guard -"a lot of people in Jerusalem were in an uproar." This is an exaggeration to stress that a large crowd was upset by this event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "news" refers to the messenger who went to speak the news. AT: "someone gave news to the chief captain of the guard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# news came up to the chief captain + +The phrase "came up to" is used because the chief captain was in a fortress connected to the temple that was higher in elevation than the temple courtyard. + +# the chief captain + +a Roman military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers + +# all Jerusalem was in an uproar + +The word "Jerusalem" here represents the people of Jerusalem. The word "all" is an exaggeration to show a large crowd was upset. AT: "a lot of people in Jerusalem were in an uproar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/32.md b/act/21/32.md index 384562a0ab..9e56c829bf 100644 --- a/act/21/32.md +++ b/act/21/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Right away he took ## +# General Information: -"Right away the chief captain" +The first word "he" and the word "He" refer to the chief captain of the guard mentioned in [Acts 21:31](./30.md). -## ran down ## +# ran down From the fortress, there are stairs going down into the court. -## the chief captain ## +# the chief captain -The military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers. +a Roman military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers -## laid hold on Paul ## +# laid hold of Paul -"took hold of Paul" or "arrested Paul" \ No newline at end of file +"took hold of Paul" or "arrested Paul" + +# commanded him to be bound + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "commanded his soldiers to bind him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with two chains + +This means they bound Paul to two Roman soldiers, one on each side of him. + +# he asked who he was and what he had done + +This can be stated as a direct quotation. AT: "He asked, 'Who is this man? What has he done?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# he asked who he was + +The chief captain is speaking to the crowd, not to Paul. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/34.md b/act/21/34.md index 7010a0e41d..2d2bd50435 100644 --- a/act/21/34.md +++ b/act/21/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## the captain ## +# and others another -The military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers. +The words "were shouting" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "and others were shouting another" or "and others in the crowd were shouting something else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## into the fortress ## +# the captain -A fortress is a heavily protected building used by the military. +This was a military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers. -## when he came to the steps, he was carried ## +# he ordered that Paul be brought -"when Paul came to the steps, the soldiers carried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The soldiers physically picked up Paul and took him up the stairs. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he ordered his soldiers to bring Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## away with him ## +# into the fortress -"put him to death." The crowd is using polite language to ask for Paul's death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. + +# When he came to the steps, he was carried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When Paul came to the steps of the fortress, the soldiers carried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Away with him + +The crowd is using somewhat milder and less exact language to ask for Paul's death. AT: "Put him to death" or "Kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/37.md b/act/21/37.md index 1d078421e8..1cd25c2fe7 100644 --- a/act/21/37.md +++ b/act/21/37.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## as Paul was about to be brought ## +# As Paul was about to be brought -"as the soldiers were about to bring Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) or "When the soldiers were ready to bring Paul" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "As the soldiers were ready to bring Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the fortress ## +# the fortress -see how you translated this in verse [Acts 21:34](./34.md). +This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in [Acts 21:34](./34.md). -## the chief captain ## +# the chief captain -a military officer of about 600 soldiers +a Roman military officer of about 600 soldiers -## "Do you speak Greek? Are you not then the Egyptian, who previously led a rebellion and took the four thousand terrorists into the wilderness?" ## +# Do you speak Greek? Are you not then the Egyptian, who previously led a rebellion and led the four thousand men of the 'Assassins' out into the wilderness? -The chief captain uses these questions to express his surprise. Paul is not who he thought he was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The chief captain uses these questions to express surprise that Paul is not who he thought he was. AT: "So you speak Greek. I thought you were that Egyptian who led a rebellion in the wilderness with the four thousand terrorists" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Are you not then the Egyptian ## +# Are you not then the Egyptian -Shortly before Paul's visit, an unnamed man from Egypt had launched a revolt against Rome in Jerusalem. Later he escaped "into the desert", and the commander wonders if Paul might be the same man. +Shortly before Paul's visit, an unnamed man from Egypt had launched a revolt against Rome in Jerusalem. Later he escaped into the wilderness and the commander wonders if Paul might be the same man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the four thousand terrorists ## +# led a rebellion -"the 4000 men who kill and harm others who disagree with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This word "rebellion" can be stated as a verb. AT: "caused people to rebel against the Roman government" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the four thousand men + +"the 4,000 terrorists" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Assassins + +This refers to a group of Jewish rebels who killed Romans and anyone who supported Romans. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/39.md b/act/21/39.md index d53d7035eb..e5b4a71f90 100644 --- a/act/21/39.md +++ b/act/21/39.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## I ask you ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul begins to defend what he did. + +# I ask you "I beg you" or "I plead with you" -## allow me ## +# allow me "please allow me" or please permit me" -## the captain ## +# the captain had given him permission -"the military officer of about 600 soldiers" +The word "permission" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the captain permitted Paul to speak" or "the captain allowed Paul to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Paul stood on the steps ## +# Paul stood on the steps -This refers to the steps on a stairway to the fortress. \ No newline at end of file +The word "steps" here refers to the steps on the stairway to the fortress. + +# motioned with the hand to the people + +It can be stated explicitly why Paul motioned with the hand. AT: "motioned with his hand for the people to be quiet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When there was a deep silence + +"When the people were completely silent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/21/intro.md b/act/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b5c4e60b76 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Acts 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +It is important to recognize 21:20-26 is one long quote. The back and forth nature of this section can confuse readers. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "They are all determined to keep the law" ##### +The Jews in Jerusalem wanted to still follow the law of Moses. Apparently, this desire or practice remained in Jerusalem longer than elsewhere. James was asking Paul for help in this matter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Nazarite vow ##### +The vow made by the four men in this chapter was likely a Nazarite vow because they shaved their heads ([Acts 21:23](./22.md)). + +##### Gentiles in the temple ##### +Gentiles were only allowed in the outermost part of the temple area. The Jews accused Paul of bringing a Gentile man into an area where Gentiles were not permitted. To the Jews, this would have violated the holiness of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +##### "I am a citizen" ##### +Men who had Roman citizenship were given many privileges. For example, they could appeal to Caesar if they were accused of a crime. Having Roman citizenship was very valuable and people would go to great lengths to attain citizenship. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/01.md b/act/22/01.md index 852a44ad85..b4ba72c36b 100644 --- a/act/22/01.md +++ b/act/22/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Paul is speaking to the people. +# Connecting Statement: -## Brothers and fathers ## +Paul speaks to the Jewish crowd in Jerusalem. -This was a polite way of addressing men who were Paul's age and older men. +# General Information: -## listen to my defense ## +Verse 2 gives background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -"please listen to my defense" +# Brothers and fathers -## I will now make to you ## +This is a polite way of addressing men who are Paul's age as well as the older men in the audience. -"I will now present to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +# I will now make to you -## the Hebrew language ## +"I will now explain to you" or "I will now present to you" -"their Hebrew language" \ No newline at end of file +# the Hebrew language + +The Hebrew language was the language of the Jews. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/03.md b/act/22/03.md index b3439c115b..7804793ae0 100644 --- a/act/22/03.md +++ b/act/22/03.md @@ -1,37 +1,63 @@ -Paul continues to speak to the people. +# but educated in this city at the feet of Gamaliel -## educated in this city at the feet of Gamaliel ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but I was a student of rabbi Gamaliel here in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"was a student of rabbi Gamaliel in here in Jerusalem" +# at the feet of Gamaliel -## I was instructed according to the strict ways of the law of our forefathers ## +Here "feet" stands for the place where a student would sit while learning from a teacher. AT: "by Gamaliel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"They instructed me according to the strict ways of the law of our forefathers" or "The instruction I received followed the exact details of the law of our forefathers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Gamaliel -## I am zealous for God ## +Gamaliel was one of the most prominent teachers of the Jewish law. See how you translated this name in [Acts 5:34](../05/33.md). -"I have strong feelings and acts to do what I believe is God's will" or "I am passionate about my service to God" +# I was instructed according to the strict ways of the law of our fathers -## just as all or you are today ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He instructed me how to carefully obey every law of our forefathers" or "The instruction I received followed the exact details of the law of our forefathers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"in the same way all of you are today" or "just like you today." Paul is comparing himself with the crowd. +# law of our fathers -## this Way ## +"law of our ancestors." This refers to the law that God gave to the people of Israel through Moses. -"The Way" was the name given to the local body of believers in Jerusalem following penticoste. (See Acts verse [Acts 9:1](../09/01.md)) +# I am zealous for God -## to the death ## +"I am completely dedicated to obeying God" or "I am passionate about my service to God" -Paul was willing to kill people who followed the Way. +# just as all of you are today -## bear witness ## +"in the same way all of you are today." Paul compares himself with the crowd. -"give a witness" or "testify" +# I persecuted this Way -## I received letters from them ## +Here "this Way" represents the people who belonged to the group called "the Way." AT: "I persecuted the people who belonged to this Way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"I received letters from the high priests and elders" +# this Way -## I was to bring back in bonds ## +This was a term used to refer to Christianity. See how you translated "the Way" in [Acts 9:2](../09/01.md). -"They ordered me to bring back in chains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# to the death + +The word "death" can be translated with the verb "kill" or "die." AT: "and I looked for ways to kill them" or "and I even caused them to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# binding up and delivering them to prison both men and women + +"tying up both men and women and putting them in prison" + +# can bear witness + +"can testify" or "can tell you" + +# I received letters from them + +"The high priests and elders gave me letters" + +# for the brothers in Damascus + +Here "brothers" refers to "fellow Jews." + +# to bring them back in bonds to Jerusalem + +"They ordered me to bind with chains those of the Way and bring them back to Jerusalem" + +# in order for them to be punished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "in order that they may receive punishment" or "in order that the Jewish authorities could punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/06.md b/act/22/06.md index 4192cc6f6e..677e109bce 100644 --- a/act/22/06.md +++ b/act/22/06.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Paul continues to speak to the people. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul describes his encounter with Jesus. + +# It happened that + +This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# heard a voice say to me + +Here "voice" stands for the person speaking. AT: "I heard someone say to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/09.md b/act/22/09.md index 6826140c0e..50df5d23fa 100644 --- a/act/22/09.md +++ b/act/22/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# they did not understand the voice of him who spoke to me -## the voice of him ## +Here "voice" stands for the person speaking. AT: "they did not understand what the one who spoke to me was saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -"the voice of Jesus" +# there you will be told -## I could not see because of that light's brightness ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "there someone will tell you" or "there you will find out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"I was left blind because of that light's brightness." \ No newline at end of file +# I could not see because of that light's brightness + +"I was left blind because of that light's brightness" + +# being led by the hands of those who were with me, I came into Damascus + +Here "hands" stands for those leading Paul. This can be stated in active form. AT: "those with me guided me into Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/12.md b/act/22/12.md index b18cf1b61a..2653cf6c4f 100644 --- a/act/22/12.md +++ b/act/22/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Paul continues to speak to the Jewish crowd on the fortress steps. +# General Information: -## devout man according to the law ## +The words "He" and "him" refer to Ananias. + +# Ananias + +Though this is not the same Ananias who died earlier in Acts [Acts 5:3](../05/03.md), you may translate it the same way though as you did in [Acts 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# devout man according to the law Ananias was very serious about following God's law. -## well spoken of ## +# well spoken of by all the Jews who lived there -"with a good reputation among others" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Jews who lived there spoke well of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## In that very hour ## +# Brother Saul -“at that instant” or “instantly.” This is an idiom which means something happens immediately. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Brother" is a polite way to address someone. AT: "My friend Saul" + +# receive your sight + +The word"sight" can be translated with the verb "see." AT: "see again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# In that very hour + +This was a customary way of saying something happened immediately. AT: "At that instant" or "Instantly" or "Immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/14.md b/act/22/14.md index bf7883bbbb..eab06eb5f6 100644 --- a/act/22/14.md +++ b/act/22/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# Connecting Statement: -## Then he said ## +Paul finishes telling what had happened to him in Damascus. He quotes what Ananias said to him. This is still part of his speech to the crowd in Jerusalem. -"Then Ananias said" +# General Information: -## his will ## +The word "he" refers to Ananias. (See: [Acts 22:12](./12.md)) + +# his will "what God is planning and will cause to happen" -## why are you waiting? ## +# to hear the voice coming from his own mouth -Alternate translation: "Do not wait!" or "Do not delay!" (UDB). This is a rhetorical question used to exhort Paul to be baptized. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Both "voice" and "mouth" refer to the one speaking. AT: "to hear him speak directly to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## wash away your sins ## +# to all men -As washing one's body removes dirt, calling on the name of Jesus for forgiveness cleanses one's inner being from sin. "ask forgiveness for your sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "men" means all people whether male or female. AT: "to all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# Now + +Here "now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# why are you waiting? + +This question was asked to exhort Paul to be baptized. AT: "Do not wait!" or "Do not delay!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# be baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let me baptize you" or "receive baptism" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# wash away your sins + +As washing one's body removes dirt, calling on the name of Jesus for forgiveness cleanses one's inner being from sin. AT: "ask forgiveness for your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# calling on his name + +Here "name" refers to the Lord. AT: "calling on the Lord" or "trusting in the Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/17.md b/act/22/17.md index 8a229b3b71..f1d0fb8c44 100644 --- a/act/22/17.md +++ b/act/22/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# Connecting Statement: -## I fell into a trance ## +Paul begins to tell the crowd about his vision of Jesus. -"A vision appeared to me" or "God gave men a vision" +# it happened that -## I saw him say to me ## +This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# I was given a vision + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I had a vision" or "God gave me a vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I saw him say to me "I saw Jesus as he said to me" -## they will not accept ## +# they will not accept your testimony about me -"those who live in Jerusalem will not accept" \ No newline at end of file +"those who live in Jerusalem will not believe what you tell them about me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/19.md b/act/22/19.md index 2beeb5525c..447ecbf8e8 100644 --- a/act/22/19.md +++ b/act/22/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# Connecting Statement: -## they themselves know ## +This ends what Paul was able to say to the crowd of Jewish people by the fortress. -The non-believing Jews at Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## beat those ## +Here the word "they" refers to the non-believing Jews in Jerusalem. -"Arranged to have them punished by a whipping" +# they themselves know -## every synagogue ## +The word "themselves" is used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -Paul sought out any jewish believers who attended any synagogue around Jerusalem. +# in every synagogue -## the blood of Stephen...was spilled ## +Paul went to synagogues to find Jews who believed in Jesus. -this is an expression for brutally beating a person until they are dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the blood of Stephen your witness was spilled + +Here "blood" stands for Stephen's life. To spill blood means to kill. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they killed Stephen who testified about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/22.md b/act/22/22.md index f51c3d606e..ecd57ec963 100644 --- a/act/22/22.md +++ b/act/22/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## Away with such a fellow from the earth ## +# General Information: -"kill him" +Here the words "him" and the first two words "he" refer to Paul. The word "He" and the last "he" refer to the chief captain. -## commanded Paul to be brought ## +# Away with such a fellow from the earth -"ordered his soldiers to bring Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The phrase "from the earth" adds emphasis to "Away with such a fellow." AT: "Kill him" -## the fortress ## +# As they were -see how you translated this in verse [Acts 21:34](../21/34.md). +"While they were." The phrase "As they were" is used to mark two events that are happening at the same time. -## that he himself ## +# throwing off their cloaks, and throwing dust into the air -"that the commander himself" \ No newline at end of file +These actions show that the Jews there are outraged because they feel Paul has spoken against God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# chief captain + +a Roman military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers + +# commanded Paul to be brought + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "ordered his soldiers to bring Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the fortress + +This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in [Acts 21:34](../21/34.md). + +# He ordered that he should be questioned with scourging + +The commander wants Paul tortured by whipping him to ensure he tells the truth. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He ordered his soldiers to whip Paul to force him to tell the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# that he himself + +The word "himself" is used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/25.md b/act/22/25.md index 841d806272..1443d4cff7 100644 --- a/act/22/25.md +++ b/act/22/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the thongs ## +# General Information: + +Here the word "they" refers to the soldiers. + +# the thongs These were strips of leather or animal hide. -## "Is it lawful for you to scourge a man who is a Roman and uncondemned?" ## +# Is it lawful for you to scourge a man who is a Roman and who has not been put on trial? -This rhetorical question is used to make the centurion question himself about whipping Paul. Alternate translation: "It is not lawful for you to whip a man who is a Roman and uncondemned!"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses this question to make the centurion check the validity of having his soldiers whip Paul. AT: "It is not lawful for you to whip a man who is a Roman and who was not given his legal right to a trial!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## "What are you about to do?" ## +# What are you about to do? -This rhetorical question is used to make the commander think about if he should whip Paul. "You should not do this!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This question is used to urge the commander to reconsider his plan to whip Paul. AT: "You should not do this!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/27.md b/act/22/27.md index 99eef0b007..b608f3e08b 100644 --- a/act/22/27.md +++ b/act/22/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## said to him ## +# General Information: -"said to Paul" +Here the word "him" refers to Paul. -## I acquired citizenship ## +# The chief captain came -"I obtained citizenship" or "I became a citizen" +Here "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## "I was born a Roman citizen" ## +# It was only with a large amount of money -"I was born into a family of Roman citizens, thus I was a citizen automatically." +"It was only after I paid a lot of money to the Roman authorities." The captain makes this statement because he knows how hard it is to become a Roman citizen, and he suspects Paul is not telling truth. -## the men who were going to ## +# I acquired citizenship -"the men who planned to" or "the men who were preparing to" \ No newline at end of file +"I got citizenship." The word "citizenship" is an abstract noun. AT: "I became a citizen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I was born a Roman citizen + +If the father is a Roman citizen, then his children become Roman citizens automatically when they are born. + +# the men who were going to question + +"the men who planned to question" or "the men who were preparing to question" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/30.md b/act/22/30.md index a52ab38686..4dc3d528cd 100644 --- a/act/22/30.md +++ b/act/22/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## chief captain ## +# General Information: + +Here the word "he" refers to the chief captain. + +# chief captain a military officer of about 600 soldiers -## he brought Paul down ## +# So he untied his bonds + +Possibly the "chief officer" stands for the chief officers' soldiers. AT: "So the chief captain ordered his soldiers to untie Paul's bonds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he brought Paul down From the fortress, there is a stairway going down to the temple courts. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/22/intro.md b/act/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e8a81d3fc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# Acts 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the second account of Paul's conversion in the book of Acts. Because this is such an important event in the early church, there are three accounts of Paul's conversion. (See: [Acts 9](../09/01.md) and [Acts 26](../26/01.md)). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "In the Hebrew language" ##### +The Hebrew language was not commonly spoken in Israel at this time. People would have spoken Aramaic and Greek. Typically, it was the educated Jewish scholars who were able to speak Hebrew. This is why the people paid attention when Paul started speaking in Hebrew. + +##### "The Way" ##### + +This was a name given to the faith of the very early Christian believers. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "I am Jesus" ##### + +The text does not make it explicitly clear, but this is Jesus after he was raised from the dead. He was only visible to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Roman citizenship ##### + +Men who had Roman citizenship were given many privileges. For example, they could appeal to Caesar if they were accused of a crime. Having Roman citizenship was very valuable and people would go to great lengths to attain citizenship. This "chief captain" could have gotten into trouble for treating a Roman citizen in this way. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/01.md b/act/23/01.md index 8b7409ddfb..3011d828df 100644 --- a/act/23/01.md +++ b/act/23/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## The high priest Ananias ## +# Connecting Statement: -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Paul stands before the chief priests and the council members. (See: [Acts 22:30](../22/30.md)) -## whitewashed wall ## +# Brothers -This is the practice of painting a wall white so that it looks clean. Just as a a wall has been painted to look nice, so can a person appear to be morally good but yet be full of evil intent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here this means "Fellow Jews." -## order me to be struck ## +# I have lived before God in all good conscience until this day -"command people to strike me" or "command these men to hit me" \ No newline at end of file +"I know that even to this day I have done what God has wanted me to do" + +# Ananias + +This is the name of a man. Though this is the same name, this not the same Ananias as in [Acts 5:1](../05/01.md) nor the same Ananias as in [Acts 9:10](../09/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# whitewashed wall + +This refers to a wall that was painted white to make it look clean. Paul told Ananias that just as a wall can be painted to look clean so Ananias appeared to look morally clean, but he was really full of evil intent. AT: "whitepainted wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Are you sitting to judge ... against the law? + +Paul uses a question to point out Ananias' hypocrisy. AT: "You sit there to judge ... against the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# order me to be struck + +This can be stated in active form. You can use the same word for "strike" as you did in the phrase "God will strike you." AT: "command people to strike me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/04.md b/act/23/04.md index 1e26adf6cb..21337eb48d 100644 --- a/act/23/04.md +++ b/act/23/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Is this how you insult God’s high priest ## +# Is this how you insult God's high priest? -The men scold Paul because of what he had said. Alternate translation: "Do not insult God's high priest!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The men use this question to scold Paul for what he has said in [Acts 23:03](./01.md). AT: "Do not insult God's high priest!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I did not know, brothers, that he was high priest ## +# For it is written -possible meanings are 1) "Paul did not know because a high priest should not have acted like this one did or" 2) "Paul has been away from Jerusalem so long that a new high priest has been appointed that he doesn't know." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul is about to quote what Moses wrote in the law. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For Moses wrote in the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/06.md b/act/23/06.md index c6c2c8a12c..c651939fe3 100644 --- a/act/23/06.md +++ b/act/23/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## I am being judged ## +# Brothers -"you are judging me" +Here "Brothers" means "Fellow Jews" -## the assembly was divided ## +# a son of Pharisees -"the members of the assembly disagreed" +Here "son" means he is the literal son of a Pharisee and also the descendant of Pharisees. AT: "and my father and forefathers were Pharisees" -## there is no resurrection, no angels, and no spirits ## +# the resurrection of the dead that I -Possible meanings are 1) they did not believe in the resurrection, angels or spirits or 2) God will not resurrect people from the dead as angels or as spirits. \ No newline at end of file +The word "resurrection" can be stated as "come back to life." The word "dead" can be stated as "those who have died." AT: "those who have died will come back to life, I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# I am being judged + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you are judging me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the crowd was divided + +"the people in the crowd strongly disagreed with one another" + +# For the Sadducees ... but the Pharisees + +This is background information about the Sadducees and Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/09.md b/act/23/09.md index 4ac3018301..7a2d19bc83 100644 --- a/act/23/09.md +++ b/act/23/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## "What if a spirit or an angel has spoken to him?" ## +# So a large uproar occurred -The Pharisees are rebuking the Sadducees by affirming that spirits and angels do exist and can speak to people. Alternate translation: "Maybe a spirit or an angel has spoken with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +"So they began shouting loudly at one another." The word "so" marks an event that happened because of something else that happened previously. In this case, the previous event is Paul's stating his belief in the resurrection. -## Paul would be torn to pieces by them ## +# What if a spirit or an angel has spoken to him? -"they would cause him great physical harm" +The Pharisees are rebuking the Sadducees by affirming that spirits and angels do exist and can speak to people. AT: "Maybe a spirit or an angel has spoken with him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## take him by force ## +# When there arose a great argument -"use physical force to take Paul away" +The words "a great argument" can be re-stated as "argue violently." AT: "When they began to argue violently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## into the fortress ## +# chief captain -This is a building of military strength and importance, which frequently includes housing for soldiers, or barracks (UDB). See how you translated this in verse [Acts 21:34](../21/34.md). \ No newline at end of file +a Roman military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers + +# Paul would be torn to pieces by them + +This can be stated in active form. The phrase "be torn to pieces" might be an exaggeration of how the people might harm Paul. AT: "they might tear Paul to pieces" or "they would cause Paul great physical harm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# take him by force + +"use physical force to take him away" + +# into the fortress + +This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in [Acts 21:34](../21/34.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/11.md b/act/23/11.md index 9b6cd213b0..dc863dc736 100644 --- a/act/23/11.md +++ b/act/23/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## bear witness ## +# The following night -Possible meanings are-1) "to speak" or "give forth" one's personal testimony about salvation or 2) to speak the message of salvation. \ No newline at end of file +This means the night after the day Paul went before the council. AT: "That night" + +# bear witness in Rome + +The words "about me" are understood. AT: "bear witness about me in Rome" or "testify about me in Rome" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/12.md b/act/23/12.md index 818abc0ef7..e9a83d311c 100644 --- a/act/23/12.md +++ b/act/23/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## made a pact ## +# Connecting Statement: -"formally agreed to do something" +While Paul was in the prison at the fortress, the disbelieving religious Jews vow to kill him. -## forty men ## +# formed a conspiracy -40 men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"organized a group with a shared purpose" here, to kill Paul. + +# called a curse down upon themselves with an oath + +The noun "curse" can be translated as a verb. It can also be made explicit what would cause them to be cursed. AT: "asked God to curse them if they did not do what they promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# forty men + +"40 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who formed this conspiracy + +"who made this plan" or "who planned to kill Paul" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/14.md b/act/23/14.md index 38218e6d0c..5dc108f3bf 100644 --- a/act/23/14.md +++ b/act/23/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## They went ## +# General Information: -"the forty Jews went." +Here the word "They" refers to the forty Jews in [Acts 23:13](./12.md). -## bring him down to you ## +# General Information: -"bring Paul from the fortress to meet you members of the Council here in the temple" \ No newline at end of file +Here "you" is plural and refers to the chief priests and elders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# General Information: + +Both "us" and "we" refer to the forty Jews who planned to kill Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# We have put ourselves under a great curse, to eat nothing until we have killed Paul + +To make a vow and to ask God to curse them if they do not fulfill their vow is spoken of as if the curse were an object that they carry on their shoulders. AT: "We have sworn to eat nothing until we have killed Paul. We asked God to curse us if we do not do what we promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# therefore + +This word marks a statement that is said because of what was said previously. In this case, the Jews had told the council about their pact. + +# bring him down to you + +"bring Paul from the fortress to meet with you" + +# as if you would decide his case more precisely + +"as though you want to learn more about what Paul has done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/16.md b/act/23/16.md index aa896985ef..e69783316a 100644 --- a/act/23/16.md +++ b/act/23/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## they were lying in wait ## +# General Information: -The men, who made a promise to kill Paul, were ready to ambush him. +Here the word "he" refers to Paul's nephew. The word "him" refers to the chief captain. -## he has something to tell him ## +# they were lying in wait -The young man has something to tell the chief captain. +"they were ready to ambush Paul" or "they were waiting to kill Paul" -## the fortress ## +# the fortress -See how you translated this in verse [Acts 21:34](../21/34.md). \ No newline at end of file +This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in [Acts 21:34](../21/34.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/18.md b/act/23/18.md index 6372efd6bc..25b67e27da 100644 --- a/act/23/18.md +++ b/act/23/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Paul the prisoner called me to him ## +# Paul the prisoner called me to him -"Paul the prisoner asked me to come and talk with him" +"Paul the prisoner asked me to come talk with him" -## this young man ## +# this young man ... chief captain took him by the hand -Since the chief captain took the young man by the hand suggests that Paul's nephew is younger than older. Possibly 12 to 15 years old. \ No newline at end of file +Since the chief captain took the young man by the hand and calls him a young man, this suggests Paul's nephew may have been 12 to 15 years old. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/20.md b/act/23/20.md index f4fe7234b3..efde5aae82 100644 --- a/act/23/20.md +++ b/act/23/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## forty men ## +# The Jews have agreed + +This does not mean all Jews, but all of the group that was there. AT: "Some of the Jews have agreed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to bring down Paul + +"to bring Paul down from the fortress" + +# they were going to ask more precisely about his case + +"they want to learn more about what Paul has done" + +# forty men "40 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## lying in wait for him ## +# lying in wait for him -"ready to ambush Paul" \ No newline at end of file +"ready to ambush Paul" or "ready to kill Paul" + +# They have called a curse down on themselves, neither to eat nor to drink until they have killed him + +"They have sworn to eat or drink nothing until they have killed Paul. And they asked God to curse them if they do not do what they promised to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/22.md b/act/23/22.md index f152cbfacc..646faad8bb 100644 --- a/act/23/22.md +++ b/act/23/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## two of the centurions ## +# General Information: -2 of the centurions (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Here the word "he" refers the chief captain. -## seventy horsemen ## +# General Information: -70 horsemen (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Felix, who resided at Caesarea, was the roman governor of the area. -## two hundred spearmen ## +# he called to him -200 soldiers that are armed with spears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"he called to himself" -## third hour of the night ## +# two of the centurions -This was about 9:00 p.m. at night. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]) +"2 of the centurions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Felix the governor ## +# seventy horsemen -Felix is the roman governor of the area who resides at Caesarea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"70 horsemen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# two hundred spearmen + +"200 soldiers that are armed with spears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# third hour of the night + +This was about 9:00 p.m. at night. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/25.md b/act/23/25.md index 2258d40fbd..f5cc53f268 100644 --- a/act/23/25.md +++ b/act/23/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## governor Felix ## +# General Information: -Felix was the roman governor over the whole region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The chief captain writes a letter to Governor Felix about the arrest of Paul. -## was about to be killed ## +# General Information: -The Jews were ready to kill Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Claudius Lysias is the name of the chief captain. Governor Felix was the Roman governor over the whole region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## came upon ## +# Claudius Lysias to the most excellent Governor Felix, greetings -"found" or "arrived at the place where they were" \ No newline at end of file +This is a formal introduction to the letter. The chief captain begins by referring to himself. You can translate it in the first person. The words "am writing" are understood. AT: "I, Claudius Lysias, am writing to you, the most excellent Governor Felix. Greetings to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to the most excellent Governor Felix + +"to Governor Felix who deserves greatest honors" + +# This man was arrested by the Jews + +Here "Jews" means "some of the Jews." This can be stated in active form. AT: "Some of the Jews arrested this man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was about to be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they were ready to kill Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I came upon them with soldiers + +"I with my soldiers arrived at the place where Paul and these Jews were" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/28.md b/act/23/28.md index e1e020b20d..706a3fccf2 100644 --- a/act/23/28.md +++ b/act/23/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -The letter from commander Claudius continues. +# Connecting Statement: -## I wanted to know ## +The chief captain ends his letter to Governor Felix. -The word "I" refers to Claudius Lysias +# General Information: -## they accused him ## +Here the word "I" refers to Claudius Lysias, the chief captain. -"the Jews accused Paul" +# General Information: -## then it was made known ## +The word "they" refers to the group of Jews who accused Paul. -"Later it was made known" \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The word "you" is singular and refers to Governor Felix. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# that he was being accused about questions concerning + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that they were accusing him of questions about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but that there was no accusation against him that deserved death or imprisonment + +The abstract nouns "accusation," "death," and "imprisonment" can be stated as verbs. AT: "but nobody accused him of anything that should cause Roman authorities to kill him or to send him to prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Then it was made known to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Later I learned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/31.md b/act/23/31.md index fa39dec3ae..12e5964771 100644 --- a/act/23/31.md +++ b/act/23/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Antipatris ## +# Connecting Statement: -It is a city built by Herod in honor of his father, Antipater. It stood at a site located today in central Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This ends Paul's time under arrest in Jerusalem and begins his time of arrest in Caesarea with Governor Felix. + +# General Information: + +Antipatris was a city built by Herod in honor of his father, Antipater. It stood at a site located today in central Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# General Information: + +Here the first word "him" refers to Paul; the second use of the word "him" refers to Governor Felix. + +# So the soldiers obeyed their orders + +The word "so" marks an event that happened because of something else that happened previously. In this case, the previous event is the chief captain's commanding the soldiers to escort Paul. + +# They took Paul and brought him by night + +Here "brought" can be translated as "took." AT: "They got Paul and took him at night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/34.md b/act/23/34.md index 18fe2a3b91..c8c6ed6aed 100644 --- a/act/23/34.md +++ b/act/23/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## when he learned that he was from Cilicia ## +# General Information: -"when the governor learned that Paul was from Cilicia" +Here the first and second words "he" refer to Governor Felix, the third word "he" and the word "him" refer to Paul, and the last word "he" refers to Governor Felix. -## commanded him to be kept ## +# General Information: -"commanded soldiers to keep Paul" or "commanded soldiers to restrain Paul" \ No newline at end of file +The words "you" and your" refer to Paul. + +# he asked what province Paul was from + +This can be stated as a direct quotation. AT: "he asked Paul, 'What province are you from?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# When he learned that he was from Cilicia, he said + +This can be stated as a direct quotation. AT: "Paul said, 'I am from Cilicia.' Then the governor said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# I will hear you fully + +"I will listen to all you have to say" + +# he commanded him to be kept + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he commanded soldiers to keep him" or "commanded soldiers to restrain him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/23/intro.md b/act/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..61c3c13968 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# Acts 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 23:5-9, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Whitewashed" ##### +This is a common metaphor in Scripture for those who appear righteous but are not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +##### Resurrection of the dead ##### +The Pharisees believed that, after death, people would be risen from the dead for punishment or reward. The Sadducees did not share this belief. They only trusted in the physical world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/raise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "Called a curse" ##### +Some Jews made a promise to God that they would not eat or drink until they killed Paul, and asked God to curse them if they did not follow their promise. This is not something that would have pleased God, and they were clearly wrong for doing this. It is ironic that they used a holy vow in such an unholy way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unholy]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Roman citizenship ##### + +Men who had Roman citizenship were given many privileges. For example, they could appeal to Caesar if they were accused of a crime. Having Roman citizenship was very valuable and people would go to great lengths to attain citizenship. This "chief captain" could have gotten intotrouble for treating a Roman citizen in this way. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 23:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/01.md b/act/24/01.md index dc3460fafd..515fb10220 100644 --- a/act/24/01.md +++ b/act/24/01.md @@ -1,39 +1,51 @@ -## after five days - ## +# Connecting Statement: -** Five days after the Roman soldiers took Paul to Caesarea. +Paul is on trial in Caesarea. Tertullus presents Governor Felix with the charges against Paul. -## Ananias the chief priest ## +# General Information: -See how you translated Ananias in verse [Acts 23:1](../23/01.md). +Here the word "you" refers to Felix, the governor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## went there ## +# General Information: -"went to Caesarea where Paul was." +Here "we" refers to the citizens under Felix. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## an orator ## +# After five days -"one who speaks in court." Alternate translation "a lawyer" or one who speaks to accuse another" +"five days after the Roman soldiers took Paul to Caesarea" -## named Tertullus ## +# Ananias -a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. This is not the same Ananias as in [Acts 5:1](../05/01.md) nor the same Ananias as in [Acts 9:10](../09/10.md). See how you translated this in [Acts 23:1](../23/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## When Paul stood before the governor ## +# an orator -"When Paul was in the presence of the governor who was the judge in the court" +"a lawyer." Tertullus was an expert in Roman law who was there to accuse Paul in court. -## began to accuse him ## +# Tertullus -"began to speak against him" or "began to bring violations of Roman law against him" +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Because of you ## +# went there -The word "you" refers to the governor. +"went to Caesarea where Paul was" -## we have great peace ## +# before the governor -"The people that you govern have great peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +"in the presence of the governor who was judge in the court" -## excellent Felix ## +# brought charges against Paul -See how you translated Felix in verse [Acts 23:25](../23/25.md). \ No newline at end of file +"began to argue the case before the governor that Paul had broken the law." + +# we have great peace + +Here "we" refers to the citizens under Felix. AT: "we, the people that you govern, have great peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# and your foresight brings good reform to our nation + +"and your planning has greatly improved our nation" + +# most excellent Felix + +"Governor Felix who deserves greatest honor" Felix was the roman governor over the whole region. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 23:25](../23/25.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/04.md b/act/24/04.md index 4d1624bada..7efa39d804 100644 --- a/act/24/04.md +++ b/act/24/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -Tertullus continues to speak to governor Felix. +# General Information: -## so that I detain you no more ## +The word "we" refers to Ananias, certain elders, and Tertullus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -Possible meanings are 1) so that I will not take up too much of your time (UDB) or 2) "so that I will not tire you" +# So that I detain you no more -## briefly listen ## +Possible meanings are 1) "so that I will not take up too much of your time" or 2) "so that I will not tire you" -"listen to my short speech" +# briefly listen to me with kindness -## we have found this man ## +"kindly listen to my short speech" -"we observed Paul" or "we discovered that Paul" The word "we" refers to Ananias, certain elders and Tertullus (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +# this man to be a pest -## all the Jews throughout the world ## +This speaks of Paul as if he were a plague that spreads from one person to another. AT: "this man to be a trouble maker" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"Many Jews throughout the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# all the Jews throughout the world -## tried to desecrate the temple ## +The word "all" here is probably an exaggeration used to strengthen their accusation against Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -"tried to religiously dishonor the temple" +# He is a leader of the Nazarene sect -## verses 6b-8a ## +The phrase "Nazarene sect" is another name for the Christians. AT: "He also leads the entire group whom people call the followers of the Nazarene" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -8a **- There is a variant reading in some ancient manuscripts. "[6b] And we wanted to judge him according to our own Law. [7] But the commander Lysias came, and with great violence took him out of our hands. [8b] He then ordered his accusers to come and appear before you." [See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]] \ No newline at end of file +# sect + +This is a smaller group of people within a larger group group. Tertullus considers the Christians to be a small group within Judaism. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/07.md b/act/24/07.md index 8d59cc223c..896807b42c 100644 --- a/act/24/07.md +++ b/act/24/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Tertullus continues to speak to governor Felix. +# Connecting Statement: -## when Lysias ## +Tertullus finishes presenting the charges against Paul before Governor Felix. -See how you translated Lysias in verse [Acts 23:25](../23/25.md). +# General Information: -## he forced Paul out of our hands ## +Here the word "you" is singular and refers to Governor Felix. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"The soldiers of Lusias forced Paul out of our custody." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) "Forced" has the sense of using violent or strong force. +# to learn about these charges we are bringing against him -## When you question Paul ## +"to learn whether or not these charges that we bring against him are true" or "to learn whether or not he is guilty of the things we accuse him of" -"When you interrogate Paul" or "question as in a court trial" +# The Jews -## we accuse him of ## - -"accuse Paul of doing" or "accuse Paul of being guilty of doing" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the Jewish leaders who were there at Paul's trial. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/10.md b/act/24/10.md index 1660ec5259..7d2da36355 100644 --- a/act/24/10.md +++ b/act/24/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## the governor motioned ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul responds to Governor Felix about the charges brought against him. + +# General Information: + +Here the word "they" refers to the Jews who were accusing Paul. + +# the governor motioned "the governor gestured" -## explain myself ## +# a judge to this nation + +Here "nation" refers to the people of the Jewish nation. AT: "a judge for the people of the Jewish nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# explain myself "explain my situation" -## You are able to verify ## - -"You will be able to prove" - -## twelve days since ## +# twelve days since "12 days since" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## I did not stir up ## +# I did not stir up a crowd -"I did not disturb" or "I did not provoke" +"Stir up" is a metaphor for agitating people into unrest, just as stirring a liquid agitates it. AT: "I did not provoke the crowd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the accusations ## +# the accusations -"the blames for wrongdoings" or 'the charges for crimes" \ No newline at end of file +"the blames for wrongdoings" or "the charges for crimes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/14.md b/act/24/14.md index 508bf9a66e..1f4ccabdf6 100644 --- a/act/24/14.md +++ b/act/24/14.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -Paul continues his defense to Governor Felix. - -## I admit this to you ## +# I admit this to you "I acknowledge this to you" or "I confess this to you" -## they call as sect ## +# that according to the Way -"they call as heresy" +The phrase "the Way" was a title used for Christianity during Paul's time. -## "God of our forefathers" ## +# they call a sect -This means that Paul claims to follow an ancient religion, which by definition is not a new, disreputable "sect." +This is a smaller group of people within a larger group group. Tertullus considers the Christians to be a small group within Judaism. See how you translated "sect" in [Acts 24:5](./04.md). -## the righteous ones ## +# in that same way I serve the God of our fathers -"the righteous people" +Paul uses the phrase "in that same way" to mean that he, as a believer in Jesus, serves God the same way as their Jewish ancestors did. He is not leading a "sect" or teaching something new that is opposed to their ancient religion. -## I work to have ## +# as these men -"I exercise to have" or "I practice to have" +"as these men have." Here "these men" refers to the Jews who are accusing Paul in court. -## before God ## +# that there will be a resurrection of both the righteous and the wicked + +The abstract noun "resurrection" can be stated with the verb "resurrect." AT: "that God will resurrect all who have died, both the righteous and the unrighteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the righteous and the wicked + +These nominal adjectives refer to righteous people and wicked people. AT "righteous people and wicked people" or "those who have done what is right and those who have done what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# I always strive + +"I always work hard" or "I do my best" + +# to have a clear conscience before God + +Here "conscience" refers to a person's inner morality that chooses between right and wrong. AT: "to be blameless" or "to always do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# before God "in the presence of God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/17.md b/act/24/17.md index c725d9a46d..d05eda38d9 100644 --- a/act/24/17.md +++ b/act/24/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Paul continues his defense to Governor Felix. +# Now -## help to my nation and gifts of money. ## +This word marks a shift in Paul's argument. Here he explains the situation in Jerusalem when some of the Jews arrested him. -"help that consisted in gifts of money." +# after many years -## not with a crowd ## +"after many years away from Jerusalem" -"not with a crowd that I had gathered together to do wrong" +# I came to bring help to my nation and gifts of money -## These men ## +Here "I came" can be translated as "I went." AT: "I went to help my people by bringing them money as a gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -"the Jews from Asia" +# in a purification ceremony in the temple -## if they have anything ## +"in the temple after I had finished a ceremony to purify myself" + +# not with a crowd or an uproar + +This can be stated as a separate new sentence. AT: "I had not gathered a crowd nor was I trying to start a riot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# These men + +"The Jews from Asia" + +# if they have anything "if they have anything to say" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/20.md b/act/24/20.md index 212368467d..9dfe083a2e 100644 --- a/act/24/20.md +++ b/act/24/20.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Paul continues his defense to Governor Felix. +# Connecting Statement: -## these same men ## +Paul finishes responding to Governor Felix about the charges brought against him. -The members of the Council who were present in Caesarea at the hearing of Paul. \ No newline at end of file +# these same men + +This refers to the members of the council who were present in Jerusalem at Paul's trial. + +# should say what wrong they found in me + +"should say the wrong thing I did that they were able to prove" + +# It is about the resurrection of the dead + +The abstract noun "resurrection" can be stated as "God brings back to life." The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as "those who died." AT: "It is because I believe that God will bring back to life those who have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# I am on trial before you today + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you are judging me today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/22.md b/act/24/22.md index 25dc8766d7..585eed119e 100644 --- a/act/24/22.md +++ b/act/24/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Whenever Lysias comes down ## +# General Information: -"when Lysias comes down" or "at the time Lysias comes down" +Felix is the Roman governor of the area who resides at Caesarea. See how you translated this name in [Acts 23:24](../23/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## I will decide your case ## +# the Way + +This is a title for Christianity. See how you translated this in [Acts 9:2](../09/01.md). + +# When Lysias the commander comes down + +"when Lysias the commander comes down" or "at the time Lysias the commander comes down" + +# Lysias + +This is the name of the chief captain. See how you translated this name in [Acts 23:26](../23/25.md). + +# comes down from Jerusalem + +Jerusalem was higher than Caesarea so it was normal for them to speak of coming down from Jerusalem. + +# I will decide your case "I will make a decision concerning these accusations against you" or "I will judge whether you are guilty" -## have Leniency ## +# have some freedom -This is to grant Paul some freedom not otherwise granted to prisoners. \ No newline at end of file +"grant Paul some freedom not otherwise granted to prisoners" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/24.md b/act/24/24.md index 020461dfea..a763efcae2 100644 --- a/act/24/24.md +++ b/act/24/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## After some days ## +# After some days -"after several days" +"After several days" -## Felix returned ## +# Drusilla his wife -See how Felix was translated in verse [Acts 23:22](../23/22.md) +Drusilla is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Druscilla his wife ## +# a Jewess -Drusilla is a woman's name. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This means a female Jew. AT: "who was a Jew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Felix became fearful ## +# Felix became frightened Felix may have felt conviction of his sins. -## for the present ## +# for now -"for the present time" or "until later" \ No newline at end of file +"for the present time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/26.md b/act/24/26.md index a79e8a7f34..0fbc3cefbe 100644 --- a/act/24/26.md +++ b/act/24/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Paul would give money to him ## +# Paul would give money to him -"Paul would give money to Felix." Felix was hoping Paul would offer him a bribe to set him free. +Felix was hoping Paul would offer him a bribe to set him free. -## so he often sent for him and spoke with him ## +# so he often sent for him and spoke with him "so Felix often sent for Paul and spoke with Paul" -## Porcius Festus ## +# Porcius Festus -The new roman Governor who replaced Felix. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This was the new roman Governor who replaced Felix. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# wanted to gain favor with the Jews + +Here "the Jews" refers to the Jewish leaders. AT: "wanted the Jewish leaders to like him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he left Paul to continue under guard + +"he left Paul in prison" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/24/intro.md b/act/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c8ed0aa665 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Acts 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter functions as a type of legal defense of Paul's actions. He lays out the facts and refutes the charges brought against him. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Respect ##### +The Jewish leaders showed great respect to the Gentile leaders but show no respect to Paul, a Jewish leader. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Governmental leaders ##### +This narrative contains many different government officials with different levels of power or influence over the charges brought against Paul. Translating the various titles will be difficult to correspond to the translators's cultural background. + +##### Implicit knowledge ##### +The statement, "Go away for the present, but when I have time again, I will call you" implies the governor was too busy to make a decision about the case against Paul. The reader should understand that this is a weak excuse. The author explains that the governor hoped Paul was wealthy and could bribe his way out of prison. It took the governor two years to decide the outcome of the charges against Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/01.md b/act/25/01.md index f2ea8a4470..7aac82d98b 100644 --- a/act/25/01.md +++ b/act/25/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## Festus entered the province ## +# Connecting Statement: -Possible meanings: 1) "Festus simply arrived in the area" or 2) "Festus arrived in the area to begin his rule." (UDB) +Paul continues to be a prisoner in Caesarea. -## he went from Caesarea up to Jerusalem ## +# General Information: -Possible meanings are 1) "going up refers to the importance of Jerusalem" or 2) "He went up to a higher elevation since jerusalem is located on a hill." +Festus becomes the governor of Caesarea. See how you translated this name in [Acts 24:27](../24/26.md). -## brought accusations against Paul ## +# Now -This is a formal presentation of charges in court. Alternate translation: "accused Paul of violating laws," +This word marks the beginning of a new event in the story. -## they spoke strongly to Festus ## +# Festus entered the province -"they were begging Festus" or "they begged Festus" +Possible meanings are 1) Festus arrived in the area to begin his rule or 2) Festus simply arrived in the area. -## that he might call him...so that they could kill him ## +# he went from Caesarea up to Jerusalem -"That Festus might call Paul...so that the Jews could kill Paul" +The phrase "went up" is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than Caesarea. -## might call him ## +# The chief priest and the prominent Jews brought accusations against Paul -"might send him" +This speaks about accusations as if they were an object that a person could bring to someone else. AT: "The chief priest and the important Jews accused Paul to Festus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they could kill him along the way ## +# they urged him and asked him for a favor -They were going to ambush Paul to kill him on the way. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "him" refers to Festus. + +# that Festus might summon Paul to Jerusalem + +This means that Festus would order his soldiers to bring Paul to Jerusalem. AT: "that he might order his soldiers to bring Paul to Jerusalem" + +# so that they could kill him along the way + +They were going to ambush Paul. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/04.md b/act/25/04.md index c14abcda12..1eaf9ab01f 100644 --- a/act/25/04.md +++ b/act/25/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## that Paul was a prisoner in Caesarea ## +# General Information: -This is an indirect speech quote. Alternated translation: "Paul is a prisoner in Caesarea, and I myself will soon return there." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +Here the word "us" refers to Festus and the Romans traveling with him, but not to his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## if there is something wrong with the man ## +# But Festus answered that Paul was a prisoner in Caesarea, and that he himself was soon to return there -"if Paul has done something wrong" +This can be stated as a direct quotation. AT: "But Festus said, 'Paul is a prisoner in Caesarea, and I myself will soon return there'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## you should accuse him ## +# "Therefore, those who can," he said, "should go there with us -"you shoud bring charges" or "you should accuse him of violating laws" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "he said" can be moved to the beginning of the sentence. AT: "Then he said, 'Therefore, those who are able to go to Caesarea should go there with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) + +# If there is something wrong with the man + +"If Paul has done something wrong" + +# you should accuse him + +"you should accuse him of violating laws" or "you should bring charges against him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/06.md b/act/25/06.md index d286d2b651..449a6a60e6 100644 --- a/act/25/06.md +++ b/act/25/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## After he stayed ## +# General Information: -"After Festus stayed" +Here the first three times the word "he" is used as well as the word "him," the words refer to Festus. The fourth word "he" refers to Paul. -## sat in the judgment seat ## +# General Information: -"sat upon the seat where he acted as judge" +The word "they" refers to the Jews who came from Jerusalem. -## Paul to be brought to him ## +# down to Caesarea -"that they bring Paul to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Jerusalem is higher geographically than Caesarea. It was common to speak of coming down from Jerusalem. -## When he arrived ## +# sat in the judgment seat -"When Paul came and stood before Festus" +Here "judgment seat" refers to Festus' ruling as judge over Paul's trial. AT: "sat upon the seat where he acted as judge" or "he sat down as judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the name of the Jews ## +# Paul to be brought to him -"the law of the Jews" (UDB) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his soldiers bring Paul to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## not against the temple ## +# When he arrived -This means he did not break any rules about who could enter the Jerusalem Temple (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"When he came and stood before Festus" + +# they brought many serious charges + +Charging a person with a crime is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could bring to court. AT: "they spoke against Paul many serious things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# against the temple + +Paul says he did not break any rules about who could enter the Jerusalem temple. AT: "against the entry rules of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/09.md b/act/25/09.md index ec77d538aa..7bf90927ce 100644 --- a/act/25/09.md +++ b/act/25/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## wanted to gain the favor of the Jews ## +# Connecting Statement: -"wanted to please the Jews" +Paul asks to be taken before Caesar for judgment. -## and to be judged by me about these things there ## +# wanted to gain the favor of the Jews -"where I will judge you with regard to these charges?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "the Jews" means the Jewish leaders. AT: "wanted to please the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Where I must be judged ## +# to go up to Jerusalem -"which is the place where you should judge me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jerusalem was higher geographically than Caesarea. It was common to speak of going up to Jerusalem. + +# and to be judged by me about these things there + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where I will judge you with regard to these charges" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I stand before the judgment seat of Caesar where I must be judged + +The "judgment seat" refers to Caesar's authority to judge Paul. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I ask to go before Caesar, so he can judge me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/11.md b/act/25/11.md index 2ef35df5db..deda388d48 100644 --- a/act/25/11.md +++ b/act/25/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Paul continues his defense to Festus. +# Though if I have done wrong ... no one may hand me over to them -## if I have done what is worthy of death ## +Paul is stating a hypothetical situation. If he were guilty, he would accept the punishment, but he knows that he is not guilty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# if I have done what is worthy of death "if I have done some wrong that deserves the death penalty" -## if their accusations are nothing ## +# if their accusations are nothing "if the charges against me are not true" -## no one may hand me over to them ## +# no one may hand me over to them -Possible meanings: 1) Festus does not have the legal authority to hand Paul over to these false accusers or 2) Paul was saying that if he has done nothing wrong, the governor should not give into the request of the Jews. +Possible meanings are 1) Festus does not have the legal authority to hand Paul over to these false accusers or 2) Paul was saying that if he has done nothing wrong, the governor should not give into the request of the Jews. -## I call upon Caesar ## +# I appeal to Caesar -"I ask that I go before Caesar to be tried" +"I ask that I go before Caesar so he can judge me" -## Festus talked with the council ## +# with the council -"Festus talked with his own advisors" \ No newline at end of file +This is not the Sanhedrin that is referred to as "council" throughout Acts. This is a political council in the Roman government. AT: "with his own government advisors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/13.md b/act/25/13.md index 78c9407022..38634e9bcd 100644 --- a/act/25/13.md +++ b/act/25/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,39 @@ -## King Agrippa and Bernice ## +# Connecting Statement: -Agrippa was the current reigning king and Bernice was his sister. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Festus explains Paul's case to King Agrippa. -## to pay an official visit to Festus ## +# General Information: + +King Agrippa and Bernice are new people in the story. Though he ruled over only a few territories, King Agrippa is the current reigning king in Palestine. Bernice is Agrippa's sister.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Now + +This word marks the beginning of a new event in the story. + +# to pay an official visit to Festus "to visit Festus concerning official matters" -## A certain man was left behind by Felix as a prisoner ## +# A certain man was left behind here by Felix as a prisoner -When Felix left office, he left a man in prison. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When Felix left office, he left a man in prison here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Felix + +Felix was the Roman governor of the area who resided in Caesarea. See how you translated this name in [Acts 23:24](../23/22.md). + +# before he faced his accusers + +To charge someone in court is spoken of as if it were an object that a person brings to court. AT: "spoke to me against this man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they asked for a sentence of condemnation against him + +The abstract nouns "sentence" and "condemnation" can be expressed as verbs. The phrase "a sentence of condemnation" implies that they were requesting that Paul be executed. AT: "they asked me to sentence him to death" or "they asked me to condemn him to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to hand over anyone + +Here "hand over" represents sending someone to people who must kill him. AT: "to hand over anyone to be killed" or "to condemn a man to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before he faced his accusers + +Here "faced his accusers" represents meeting with the people who accuse him. AT: "before he met directly with those who accused him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/17.md b/act/25/17.md index c7c30ad1ec..81b6c2e477 100644 --- a/act/25/17.md +++ b/act/25/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Festus continues to speak. +# Therefore -## when they came together here ## +This word marks a statement because of what was said previously. In this case, Fetus had just said that an accused man should be able to face his accusers and make his defense. + +# when they came together here "when the Jewish leaders came to meet with me here" -## I sat in the judgment seat ## +# I sat in the judgment seat -"I sat down upon the seat where I act as judge" (See: [Acts 25:6](./06.md)) +Here "judgment seat" refers to Festus ruling over Paul's trial as judge. AT: "I sat upon the seat to act as judge" or "I sat down as judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I ordered the man to be brought in ## +# I ordered the man to be brought in -"I ordered the soldiers to bring Paul before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I ordered the soldiers to bring Paul before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## their own religion ## +# their own religion -"religion" is the belief system people have toward life and the supernatural. +Here "religion" means the belief system people have toward life and the supernatural. -## to be judged there about these things ## +# to stand trial there about these charges -"where the Jewish council would decide if he were guilty of these charges" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +To "stand trial" is an idiom meaning to speak to a judge so the the judge can decide if a person is right or wrong. AT: "to go to trial about these charges" or "for a judge to decide if these charges against him are true or not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/21.md b/act/25/21.md index eefdc771fe..9030810ab9 100644 --- a/act/25/21.md +++ b/act/25/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Festus continues to speak in verse 21. +# Connecting Statement: -## I ordered him to be kept ## +Festus finishes explaining Paul's case to King Agrippa. -"I told the soldiers to keep him in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# But when Paul appealed to be kept in custody while awaiting the decision of the emperor -## Tomorrow you will hear him ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But when Paul insisted that he stay under Roman guard until the time when the emperor could decide his case" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"I will arrange for you to listen to Paul tomorrow" \ No newline at end of file +# I ordered him to be held in custody + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I ordered the soldiers to keep him in custody" or "I told the soldiers to guard him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# "Tomorrow," Festus said, "you will hear him." + +The phrase "Festus said" can be moved to the beginning of the sentence. AT: "Festus said, 'I will arrange for you to listen to Paul tomorrow.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/23.md b/act/25/23.md index 008da9db0f..2b6e35c27b 100644 --- a/act/25/23.md +++ b/act/25/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## Agrippa and Bernice came ## +# Connecting Statement: -See how you translated Agrippa and Bernice in verse [Acts 25:13](./13.md). +Festus again gives information about Paul's case to King Agrippa. -## Paul was brought to them ## +# General Information: -They brought Paul to appear before them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Though he ruled over only a few territories, Agrippa was the current reigning king in Palestine. Bernice was his sister. See how you translated these names in [Acts 25:13](./13.md). -## they shouted to me ## +# with much ceremony -"the Jews spoke very strong to me" \ No newline at end of file +"with a great ceremony to honor them" + +# the hall + +This was a large room where people gathered for ceremonies, trials, and other events. + +# Paul was brought to them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the soldiers brought Paul to appear before them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all the multitude of Jews + +The word "all" is an exaggeration used to emphasize that a great number of Jews wanted Paul to die. AT: "a great number of the Jews" or "many of the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# they shouted to me + +"they spoke very strongly to me" + +# he should no longer live + +This statement is made in the negative to emphasize the positive equivalent. AT: "he should die immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/25.md b/act/25/25.md index 6baed04c4d..1b56037fe1 100644 --- a/act/25/25.md +++ b/act/25/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## I have brought him to you, especially to you, King Agrippa ## +# General Information: -"I have brought Paul to all of you, but especially to you, King Agrippa" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here the first "you" is plural; the second "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## so that I might have something to write ## +# because he appealed to the emperor -"so that I will have something to write" or "so that I will know what I should write" +"because he said that he wanted the emperor to judge him" -## the charges against him. ## +# the emperor -Possible meanings: 1) the accusations that the Jewish leaders have brought against him or 2) the charges under Roman law which apply to Paul's case. \ No newline at end of file +The emperor was the ruler of the Roman empire. He ruled over many countries and provinces. + +# I have brought him to you, especially to you, King Agrippa + +"I have brought Paul to all of you, but especially to you, King Agrippa." + +# so that I might have something more to write + +"so that I will have something else to write" or "so that I will know what I should write" + +# it seems unreasonable for me to send a prisoner and to not also state + +The negative words "unreasonable" and "to not" can be stated in positive form. AT: "it seems reasonable to me that if I send a prisoner then I should also state" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# the charges against him + +Possible meanings are 1) the accusations that the Jewish leaders have brought against him or 2) the charges under Roman law that apply to Paul's case. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/25/intro.md b/act/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..66b801c133 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Acts 25 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Favor ##### +It was highly unusual for the Jewish leaders to try to get a favor from the Roman officials. They often viewed the Gentile leaders as evil. The governor, though, wanted peace with the Jews, so he sought to gain favor with the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Roman citizenship ##### + +Men who had Roman citizenship were given many privileges. For example, they could appeal to Caesar if they were accused of a crime. Having Roman citizenship was very valuable and people would go to great lengths to attain citizenship. Roman officials could have gotten into trouble for treating a Roman citizen in this way. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/01.md b/act/26/01.md index 09823479d9..86d9fd53d1 100644 --- a/act/26/01.md +++ b/act/26/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## stretched out his hand ## +# Connecting Statement: -"raised his hand toward the crowd to get their attention" +Festus has brought Paul before King Agrippa. In verse 2, Paul gives his defense to King Agrippa. -## made his defense ## +# Agrippa -"began to defend himself against the accusations" +Agrippa was the current reigning king in Palestine, though he ruled over only a few territories. See how you translated this name in [Acts 25:13](../25/13.md). -## I regard myself as happy ## +# stretched out his hand -Paul was happy because he considered his appearance before Agrippa to be an opportunity to speak about the Gospel. \ No newline at end of file +"held out his hand" or "gestured with his hand" + +# made his defense + +The abstract noun "defense" can be stated as a verb. AT: "began to defend himself against those who were accusing him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I regard myself as happy + +Paul was happy because he considered his appearance before Agrippa to be an opportunity to speak about the gospel. + +# to make my case + +This phrase means to describe one's situation, so that those in court can discuss and make a decision about it. AT: "to defend myself" + +# against all the accusations of the Jews + +The abstract noun "accusations" can be stated as the verb "accuse." AT: "against all the Jews who are accusing me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the Jews + +This does not mean all the Jews. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# questions + +You can make explicit what kinds of questions this means. AT: "questions about religious matters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/04.md b/act/26/04.md index 7765cd9ef8..790de17a2e 100644 --- a/act/26/04.md +++ b/act/26/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# all the Jews -## all the Jews ## +This is a generalization. Possible meanings are 1) this refers to Jews in general who knew about Paul. AT: "the Jews" or 2) this refers to Pharisees who knew Paul. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -Possible meanings: 1) Pharisees who grew up with Paul and knew him as a Pharisee or 2) "Paul was well known amongst the Jews due to his zeal as a pharisee and now as a believer" +# in my own nation -## in my nation ## +Possible meanings are 1) among his own people, not necessarily in the geographical land of Israel or 2) in the land of Israel. -Possible meanings: 1) among his own people, not necessarily in the geographical land of Israel or 2) in the land of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# the strictest party of our religion + +"a group within Judaism who live by very strict rules" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/06.md b/act/26/06.md index 2f05c0aa48..d2bbcacbf2 100644 --- a/act/26/06.md +++ b/act/26/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# General Information: -## I stand here to be judged ## +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people who were listening to Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"I am here, where they are putting me on trial" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Now -## I look for the promise that God made to our fathers ## +This word marks a shift from Paul discussing his past to talking about himself in the present. -Paul hopes for the coming of the Messiah. +# I stand here to be judged -## we hope to reach it ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am here, where they are putting me on trial" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"we hope that we will receive what God has promised" +# I look for the promise that God made to our fathers -## Why do you think it is incredible that God will raise the dead? ## +This speaks about a promise as if it were something a person could look for and see. AT: "I am waiting expectantly for God to do what he promised our forefathers he would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Paul says this to make Agrippa connect what Paul is saying with what Agrippa already believes about how God can resurrect dead people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# For this is the promise our twelve tribes hoped to receive + +The phrase "our twelve tribes" stands for the people in those tribes. AT: "This is also what our fellow Jews in the twelve tribes were waiting for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the promise ... hoped to receive + +This speaks about a promise as if it were an object that can be received. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# worshiped God night and day + +The extremes "night" and "day" mean they "worshiped God continually." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# that the Jews + +This does not mean all the Jews. AT: "that the leaders of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Why should any of you think it is unbelievable that God raises the dead? + +Paul uses a question to challenge the Jews present. They believe God can raise the dead but do not think God brought Jesus back to life. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "You do not think it is beyond reason that God can bring a dead person back to life, do you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/09.md b/act/26/09.md index fe658abf70..4808516a3b 100644 --- a/act/26/09.md +++ b/act/26/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# At one time -## against the name of Jesus ## +Paul uses this phrase to mark another shift in his defense. He is now accounting how he used to persecute the saints. -"against those who followed Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# against the name of Jesus -## I punished them often ## +The word "name" here stands for Jesus himself. AT: "to stop people from believing in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Possible meanings: 1) Paul punished some believers many times or 2) Paul punished many different Believers. +# when they were killed, I cast my vote against them -## gave my vote against them ## +The phrase "were killed" can be stated in active form. AT: "I voted in agreement with the other Jewish leaders to condemn believers to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"voted in favor of punishing them" \ No newline at end of file +# I punished them many times + +Possible meanings are 1) Paul punished some believers many times or 2) Paul punished many different believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/12.md b/act/26/12.md index 2c529edd3a..3c77419df9 100644 --- a/act/26/12.md +++ b/act/26/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# Connecting Statement: -## with authority and orders ## +While talking to King Agrippa, Paul tells about when the Lord spoke with him. -Paul had written letters from the Jewish leaders granting him authority to persecute the Jewish believers. +# While I was doing this -## hard for you to kick a goad ## +Paul uses this phrase to mark another shift in his defense. He is now telling about when he saw Jesus and became his disciple. -God compares Paul's resistance to God's plan to an Ox kicking against a farmer's prodding stick. See UDB. This means it is hard for Paul to escape what God has planned for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# While + +This word is used to mark two events that are happening at the same time. In this case, Paul went to Damascus during the time when he persecuted Christians. + +# with authority and orders + +Paul had written letters from the Jewish leaders, granting him authority to persecute the Jewish believers. + +# I heard a voice speaking to me that said + +Here "voice" stands for the person speaking. AT: "I heard someone speaking to me who said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It is hard for you to kick a goad + +For Paul to resist Jesus and to persecute believers is spoken of as if he were an ox kicking at the sharp stick that a person uses to prod (or "goad") the animal. It means that Paul is only harming himself. AT: "You will only harm yourself like an ox kicking a goad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/15.md b/act/26/15.md index aedac361d3..dd6fb6adce 100644 --- a/act/26/15.md +++ b/act/26/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# Connecting Statement: -## set apart for myself ## +Paul continues giving his defense to King Agrippa. In these verses he continues quoting his conversation with the Lord. -"made my own" (UDB) or "consecrated to myself" +# to open their eyes -## by faith in me ## +Helping people to understand the truth is spoken of as if a person were literally helping someone to open his eyes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This refers to the faith in God of those God set aside for himself. \ No newline at end of file +# to turn them from darkness to light + +Helping someone to stop doing what is evil and to start trusting and obeying God is spoken of as if the person is literally leading someone out of a dark place into a place of light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to turn them ... from the power of Satan to God + +Helping someone to stop obeying Satan and to start obeying God is spoken of as if a person were literally turning a person and taking them from the place where Satan rules and leading him to the place where God rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they may receive from God the forgiveness of sins + +The abstract noun "forgiveness" can be stated as the verb "forgive." AT: "God may forgive their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the inheritance that I give + +The abstract noun "inheritance" may be stated as the verb "inherit." AT: "they may inherit that which I give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the inheritance + +The blessings that Jesus gives to those who believe in him are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that children receive from their father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sanctified by faith in me + +Jesus choosing some people to belong to him is spoken of as if he literally set them apart from other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by faith in me + +"because they believe in me." Here Paul finishes quoting the Lord. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/19.md b/act/26/19.md index dad20d1e6e..8f9e74ba0e 100644 --- a/act/26/19.md +++ b/act/26/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# Therefore -## I did not disobey the heavenly vision ## +This word marks a statement because of what was said previously. In this case, Paul had just explained what the Lord had commanded him in his vision. -"I obeyed the message given in this vision that came to me from heaven." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I did not disobey + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I obeyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# the heavenly vision + +This refers to what the person in the vision told Paul. AT: "what the person from heaven told me in the vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# turn to God + +To start trusting God is spoken of as if a person turns to start walking toward God. AT: "trust in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# doing deeds worthy of repentance + +The abstract noun "repentance" can be stated as the verb "repented." AT: "and start doing good deeds to show they truly have repented" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the Jews + +This does not mean all of the Jews. AT: "some Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/22.md b/act/26/22.md index 9b2a3d4d54..a44d99eedf 100644 --- a/act/26/22.md +++ b/act/26/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# Connecting Statement: -## what the prophets ## +Paul finishes giving his defense to King Agrippa. -Paul is referring to the collective writings of the old testament prophets. +# about nothing more than what -## that Christ must suffer ## +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "about the exact thing that" -"That Christ must suffer and die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# what the prophets -## to proclaim light ## +Paul is referring to the collective writings of the Old Testament prophets. -"to proclaim the message of salvation" \ No newline at end of file +# that Christ must suffer + +You can make explicit that Christ must also die. AT: "that Christ must suffer and die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he would be the first from the resurrection of the dead ones to rise + +The abstract noun "resurrection" can be stated as "bringing people back to life." AT: "he would be the first person to rise from among the dead ones when God starts bringing people back to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# of the dead ones + +The phrase "the dead ones" refers to the spirits of people who have died. To come back from among them means to become alive again. + +# to proclaim light + +"to proclaim the message about the light." To tell people about how God saves people is spoken of as if a person were speaking about the light. AT: "to proclaim the message about how God saves people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/24.md b/act/26/24.md index 8c0b056137..a27ee38b4b 100644 --- a/act/26/24.md +++ b/act/26/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,43 @@ -## you are insane ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul and King Agrippa continue to talk together. + +# you are insane "you are speaking nonsense" or "you are crazy" -## sobernesss ## +# your great learning makes you insane -"seriousness" or "about a serious matter" +"you have learned so much that you are now crazy" -## I speak freely to him ## +# I am not insane ... but -"I speak freely to King Agrippa" +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I am sane ... and" or "I am able to think well ... and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## has not been done in a corner ## +# most excellent Festus -It has been made known. Alternate Translation: "has not been done in secret". \ No newline at end of file +"Festus, who deserves highest honors" + +# I speak words of truth and soberness + +Here "words" stands for Paul's message. AT: "I speak a message that is true and serious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For the king ... to him ... from him + +Paul is still speaking to King Agrippa, but he is referring to him in the third person. AT: "For you ... to you ... from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I am persuaded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am sure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that none of this is hidden from him + +This can be stated in active and positive form. AT: "that he is aware of this" or "that you are aware of this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# has not been done in a corner + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "has not happened in a corner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in a corner + +This means doing something in secret as if a person went and did something in the corner of a room where no one can see him. AT: "in a dark place" or "in secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/27.md b/act/26/27.md index 615a69dffd..b7730f1176 100644 --- a/act/26/27.md +++ b/act/26/27.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# Do you believe the prophets, King Agrippa? -## Do you believe the prophets? ## +Paul asks this question to remind Agrippa that Agrippa already believes what the prophets said about Jesus. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "You already believe what the Jewish prophets said, King Agrippa." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Paul asks this to remind Agrippa that Agrippa already believed what the Jewish prophets said. Thus Agrippa should accept what Paul is saying about Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# In a short time would you persuade me and make me a Christian? -## In a short time would you persuade me and make me a Christian? ## +Agrippa asks this question to show Paul that he cannot convince Agrippa so easily without more proof. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "Surely you do not think you can convince me so easily to believe in Jesus!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Agrippa is saying there is no way Paul could make him believe in Christ by such a short speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# but without these prison chains + +Here "prison chains" stands for being a prisoner. AT: "but, of course, I do no want you to be a prisoner like I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/30.md b/act/26/30.md index dace116a6d..479dd97049 100644 --- a/act/26/30.md +++ b/act/26/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## Then the king stood up, and the governor ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Then King Agrippa stood up, and Governor Festus" \ No newline at end of file +This ends Paul's time before King Agrippa. + +# General Information: + +Bernice was the sister of King Agrippa. (See: [Acts 25:13](../25/13.md)) + +# Then the king stood up, and the governor + +"Then King Agrippa stood up, and Governor Festus" + +# the hall + +This is a large room for ceremonies, trials, and other events. + +# This man does nothing worthy of death or of bonds + +The abstract noun "death" can be stated as the verb "die." Here "bonds" stands for being in prison. AT: "This man does not deserve to die or to be in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# This man could have been freed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This man could have gone free" or "I could have freed this man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/26/intro.md b/act/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b10ad66686 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Acts 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is the third account of Paul's conversion in the book of Acts. Because this is such an important event in the early church, there are three accounts of Paul's conversion. (See: [Acts 9](../09/01.md) and [Acts 22](../22/01.md)) + +This chapter functions as a type of legal defense of Paul's actions. He lays out the facts and refutes the charges brought against him. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Light and Darkness ##### +These are common images in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "I am Jesus" ##### + +The text does not make it explicitly clear, but this is Jesus in physical form, after he was raised from the dead. He was only visible to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/raise]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/01.md b/act/27/01.md index 995c29edf2..480ccf5b62 100644 --- a/act/27/01.md +++ b/act/27/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,55 @@ -## when it was decided ## +# Connecting Statement: -"when the governor decided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Paul, as a prisoner, begins his journey to Rome. -## sail for Italy ## +# General Information: -Italy is the name of the province Rome was in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The word "we" includes the author of Acts, Paul, and the others traveling with Paul, but not the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## we should sail ## +# General Information: -The word "we" refers to the author, Luke, and Paul. He accompanied Paul on his journey to Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Adramyttium was a city possibly located on the west coast of modern-day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## a centurion named Julius ## +# When it was decided + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When the king and the governor decided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sail for Italy + +Italy is the name of the province Rome was in. See how you translated "Italy" in [Acts 18:2](../18/01.md). + +# they put Paul and some other prisoners under the charge of a centurion named Julius of the Imperial Regiment + +"they put a centurion named Julius, of the Imperial Regiment, in charge of Paul and some other prisoners" + +# they put Paul and some other prisoners + +Possible meanings are that 1) "they" refers to the governor and the king or 2) "they" refers to other Roman officials. + +# a centurion named Julius Julius is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the Augustan Regiment ## +# the Imperial Regiment -This was the name of the battalion or army name the centurion was from. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This was the name of the battalion or army from which the centurion came. Some versions translate this as "the Augustan Regiment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## a ship from Andramyttium ## +# We boarded a ship ... which was about to sail -Possible meanings: 1) a ship that had come from Andramyttium or 2) a ship that was registered or licensed in Andramyttium. It was possibly located on the west coast of Modern day Turkey (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here "ship ... which was about to sail" stands for the crew that will sail the ship. AT: "We boarded a ship ... which a crew was about to sail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## about to sail ## +# a ship from Adramyttium + +Possible meanings are 1) a ship that had come from Adramyttium or 2) a ship that was registered or licensed in Adramyttium. + +# about to sail "soon going to sail" or "would depart soon" -## went to sea ## +# went to sea "began our journey on the sea" -## Aristarchus from Thessalonica ## +# Aristarchus -See how you translated Aristarchus in verses [Acts 19:28](../19/28.md) and [Acts 20:4](../20/04.md) \ No newline at end of file +Aristarchus came from Macedonia but had been working with Paul in Ephesus. See how you translated his name in [Acts 19:29](../19/28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/03.md b/act/27/03.md index 52a1f708c5..892bc7df88 100644 --- a/act/27/03.md +++ b/act/27/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## Julius treated Paul kindly ## +# General Information: -"Julius treated Paul with a friendly concern." See how "Julius" was translated in verse [Acts 27:1](./01.md). +Here the word "we" refers to the writer, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## go to his friends to receive their care ## +# Julius treated Paul kindly -"go to his friends to receive the care he needed" or "go to his friends to get whatever help he needed" +"Julius treated Paul with a friendly concern." See how you translated "Julius" in [Acts 27:1](./01.md). -## sailed around the island of Cyprus that was sheltered from the wind ## +# go to his friends to receive their care -“went along the coast of Cyprus, on the side that kept the wind from blowing us the wrong way” (UDB) +The abstract noun "care" can be stated as a verb. AT: "go to his friends so they could care for him" or "go to his friends so they could help him with whatever he needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## and Pamphylia ## +# we went to sea and sailed -See how "Pamphylia" was translated in verse [Acts 2:8](../02/08.md). +"we started sailing and went" -## came to Myra, a city of Lycia ## +# sailed under the lee of Cyprus, close to the island -Myra was a city in Lycia province which is on the south western coast of modern day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"the lee of Cyprus" is the side of that island that blocks the strong wind, so sailing vessels are not forced off their course. -## a city of Lycia ## +# Pamphylia -Lycia was a roman province which is on the south western coast of modern day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This was a province in Asia Minor. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:10](../02/08.md). -## a ship from Alexandria ## +# we landed at Myra, a city of Lycia -See how "Alexandrian" was translated in verse [Acts 6:8](../06/08.md). +You can make explicit that they got off of the ship in Myra. AT: "came to Myra, a city of Lycia, where we got off the ship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## sail to Italy ## +# landed at Myra -See how "Italy" was translated in verse [Acts 27:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +Myra is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a city of Lycia + +Lycia was a Roman province, located on the southwestern coast of modern-day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# found a ship from Alexandria that was going to sail to Italy + +It is implied that a crew would sail the ship to Italy. AT: "found a ship that a crew had sailed from Alexandria and was about to sail to Italy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Alexandria + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/07.md b/act/27/07.md index 0f3b24d9d3..e990b7e8e6 100644 --- a/act/27/07.md +++ b/act/27/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## near Cnidus ## +# When we had sailed slowly ... finally arrived with difficulty + +You can make explicit that the reason they were sailing slowly and with difficulty was because the wind was blowing against them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# near Cnidus This is an ancient settlement located in modern-day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## near the city of Lasea ## +# the wind no longer allowed us to go that way -"Lasea" is a coastal city in Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"we could no longer go that way because of the strong wind" -## Opposite Salmone ## +# so we sailed along the sheltered side of Crete -"Salmone" is a coastal city in Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"so we sailed along the side of Crete where there was less wind" -## Fair Havens ## +# opposite Salmone -a port near Lasea located on the south coast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a coastal city in Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# We sailed along the coast with difficulty + +You can make explicit that even though the winds were not as strong as before, they were still strong enough to make sailing difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Fair Havens + +This was a port near Lasea, located on the south coast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# near the city of Lasea + +This is a coastal city in Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/09.md b/act/27/09.md index a2157616b3..affb7d5189 100644 --- a/act/27/09.md +++ b/act/27/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## We had now taken much time ## +# We had now taken much time Because of the direction the wind was blowing, the journey from Caesarea to Fair Havens had taken more time than planned. -## the time of the Jewish fast had also passed ## +# We had now taken -This fast took place on the Day of Atonement-in September/October of each year. After this time, there was a higher risk of seasonal storms. \ No newline at end of file +The writer includes himself, Paul, and those who were traveling with them, but not the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# the time of the Jewish fast also had passed, and it had now become dangerous to sail + +This fast took place on the Day of Atonement, which was usually either in the last part of September or the first part of October according to Western calendars. After this time, there was a higher risk of seasonal storms. + +# I see that the voyage we are about to take will be with injury and much loss + +"if we travel now, we will suffer much injury and loss" + +# we are about to take ... our lives + +Paul includes himself and his hearers, so this is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# loss, not only of the cargo and the ship, but also of our lives + +Here "loss" means destruction when referring to things and death when referring to people. + +# not only of the cargo and the ship + +Cargo is something that a person transports from one place to another by boat. AT: "not only the ship and the goods on the ship" + +# that were spoken by Paul + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Paul said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/12.md b/act/27/12.md index 04f99ecf18..4051238ad8 100644 --- a/act/27/12.md +++ b/act/27/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## harbor was not easy to spend the winter in ## +# harbor was not easy to spend the winter in -“harbor did not provide sufficient protection to docked ships during winter storms” +You can make explicit why it was not easy to stay in the harbor. AT: "harbor did not sufficiently protect docked ships during winter storms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## city of Phoenix ## +# harbor -Phoenix is a city port on the coast of Create. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +a place near land that is usually safe for ships -## weighed anchor ## +# city of Phoenix -a sailing term for pulling the ship's anchor out of the water. An anchor is a heavy object attached to a rope that is secured to the boat. When in port the anchor is tossed into the water and sinks to the bottom of the sea keeping the ship from drifting about. \ No newline at end of file +Phoenix is a city port on the south coast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to spend the winter there + +This speaks about the season of winter as if it were a commodity that someone can spend. AT: "to stay there for the cold season" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it faces northeast and southeast + +Some versions say "it faces northwest and southwest." The sailors wanted to go to a place where they would be safe from the wind. + +# northeast and southeast + +These directions are based on the rising and setting sun. Northeast is a little to the left of the rising sun. Southeast is a little to the right of the rising sun. + +# weighed anchor + +Here "weighed" means to pull out of the water. An anchor is a heavy object attached to a rope that is secured to the boat. The anchor is tossed into the water and sinks to the bottom of the sea keeping the ship from drifting about. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/14.md b/act/27/14.md index 4ea8255dfc..cacef6db17 100644 --- a/act/27/14.md +++ b/act/27/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,39 @@ -## tempestuous wind ## +# Connecting Statement: -"a very strong and dangerous wind" +Paul and those traveling on the boat encounter a fierce storm. -## the sheltered side ## +# after a short time -"the side protected from the wind" +"after a little while" -## a small island called Cauda ## +# a wind of hurricane force -This island was located on the south coast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"a very strong, dangerous wind" + +# called the northeaster + +"called 'a strong wind from the northeast.'" The word for "the northeaster" in the original language is "Euroclydon." You can transliterate this word for your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# began to beat down from the island + +"came in from the island of Crete, and it blew strongly against our ship" + +# When the ship was caught by the storm and could no longer head into the wind + +"When the wind blew so strongly against the front of the ship that we could not sail against it" + +# we had to give way to the storm and were driven along by the wind + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we stopped trying to sail forward, and we let the wind push us whichever way it blew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We sailed along the lee of a small island + +"We sailed on the side of the island where the wind was not so strong" + +# a small island called Cauda + +This island was located on the south coast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# lifeboat + +This is a smaller boat that is sometimes pulled behind the ship, and sometimes it was brought onto the ship and tied down. The smaller boat was used for various reasons, including escaping from a sinking ship. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/17.md b/act/27/17.md index 449792667e..ba9880d852 100644 --- a/act/27/17.md +++ b/act/27/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## they had hoisted it up ## +# they had hoisted the lifeboat up -"they had uplifted it" +"they had lifted up the lifeboat" or "they had pulled the lifeboat aboard the ship" -## sandbars of Syrtis ## +# they used its ropes to bind the hull of the ship -Sandbars are very shallow areas in the sea where ships can get stuck in the sand. "Syrtis" is located on the coast of Libya, northern Africa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The "hull" is the body of the ship. They tied ropes around it so that the ship would not come apart during the storm. -## were driven along ## +# sandbars of Syrtis -“had to go in whatever direction the wind blew us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Sandbars are very shallow areas in the sea where ships can get stuck in the sand. Syrtis is located on the coast of Libya, northern Africa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they lowered the sea anchor + +They put the ship's anchor in the water in order to slow down where the wind would blow them. + +# anchor + +An anchor is a heavy object attached to a rope that is secured to the boat. The anchor is tossed into the water and sinks to the bottom of the sea keeping the ship from drifting about. See how you translated this in [Acts 27:13](./12.md). + +# were driven along + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "had to go in whatever direction the wind blew us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We took such a violent battering by the storm + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The wind blew us roughly back and forth that all of us were badly battered and bruised by the storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they began throwing the cargo overboard + +"they" is the sailors. This is done to lighten the weight of the ship in an effort to prevent the ship from sinking. + +# cargo + +Cargo is something that a person transports from one place to another by boat. See how you translated this in [Acts 27:10](./09.md). AT: "goods on the ship." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/19.md b/act/27/19.md index 54dd4b346c..8fd7f9ba9a 100644 --- a/act/27/19.md +++ b/act/27/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## hope that we should be saved was abandoned ## +# the sailors threw overboard the ship's equipment with their own hands -“everyone stopped hoping that we would survive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "equipment" refers to the sailors' equipment needed to sail the ship: tackle, hoists, beams of wood, block and tackle, ropes, lines, sails, and the like. This indicates how desperate the situation was. + +# When the sun and stars did not shine on us for many days + +They could not see the sun and stars because of the dark storm clouds. Sailors needed to see the sun and stars in order to know where they were and what direction they were headed. + +# the great storm still beat upon us + +"the terrible storm still blew us roughly back and forth" + +# any more hope that we should be saved was abandoned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everyone stopped hoping we would survive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/21.md b/act/27/21.md index 1f413c0229..07d696b790 100644 --- a/act/27/21.md +++ b/act/27/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## among the sailors ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul speaks to the sailors on the ship. + +# When they had gone long without food + +Here "they" refers to the sailors. It is implied that Luke, Paul, and those with them had not eaten either. AT: "When we had gone a long time without food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# among the sailors "among the men" -## so as to get this injury and loss ## +# so as to get this injury and loss -"as a result, we are now facing injury and loss" \ No newline at end of file +"and as a result suffer this harm and loss" + +# there shall be no loss of life among you + +Paul is speaking to the sailors. It is implied that Paul also means that he and those with him will not die either. AT: "none of us will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# but only the loss of the ship + +Here "loss" is used in the sense of destroy. AT: "but the storm will destroy only the ship" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/23.md b/act/27/23.md index 131676ef27..1362fc7609 100644 --- a/act/27/23.md +++ b/act/27/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# You must stand before Caesar -## has given to you all those who are sailing with you ## +The phrase "stand before Caesar" refers to Paul's going to court and letting Caesar judge him. AT: "You must stand before Caesar so he can judge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has given to you all those who are sailing with you "has decided to allow all those who are sailing with you to live" -## we must wreck upon some island ## +# just as it was told to me -"the ship must be driven ashore on some island" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as the angel told me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we must run aground upon some island + +"we must steer our boat so that it wrecks on some island" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/27.md b/act/27/27.md index 1db5c13542..df66b87fd7 100644 --- a/act/27/27.md +++ b/act/27/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## the Adriatic Sea ## +# Connecting Statement: -The sea between Italy and Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The fierce storm continues. -## They took soundings ## +# When the fourteenth night had come -They measured the depth of the sea water. (UDB) +The ordinal number "fourteenth" can be translated as "fourteen" or "14." AT: "After 14 days since the storm started, that night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## found twenty fathoms ## +# as we were driven this way and that -"found 20 fathoms" or "found 40 meters." This is a unit of measurement. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as the wind blew us back and forth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## found fifteen fathoms ## +# the Adriatic Sea -"found 15 fathoms" or "found 30 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This is the sea between Italy and Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## from the stern ## +# They took soundings + +"They measured the depth of the sea water." They measured the depth of water by dropping a line with a weight tied to the end of it into the water. + +# found twenty fathoms + +"found 20 fathoms." A "fathom" is a unit of measurement for measuring the depth of water. One fathom is about two meters. AT: "found 40 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# found fifteen fathoms + +"found 15 fathoms." A "fathom" is a unit of measurement for measuring the depth of water. One fathom is about two meters. AT: "found 30 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# anchors + +An anchor is a heavy object attached to a rope that is secured to the boat. The anchor is tossed into the water and sinks to the bottom of the sea, keeping the ship from drifting about. See how you translated this in [Acts 27:13](./12.md). + +# from the stern "from the back of the ship" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/30.md b/act/27/30.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..62ea18bbb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/27/30.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the centurion and the Roman soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the lifeboat + +This is a smaller boat that is sometimes pulled behind the ship and sometime it was brought onto the ship and tied down. The smaller boat was used for various reasons, including escaping from a sinking ship. See how you translated this in [Acts 27:16](./14.md). + +# from the bow + +"from the front of the ship" + +# Unless these men stay in the ship, you cannot be saved + +The negative words "Unless" and "cannot" can be stated in positive form. The passive phrase "be saved" can be stated in active form. AT: "These men must stay in the ship in order for you to survive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/33.md b/act/27/33.md index 1d035a7db5..11019d79e5 100644 --- a/act/27/33.md +++ b/act/27/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## not one hair of your head will be lost ## +# When daylight was coming on -"every one of you will survive this disaster unharmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"When it was almost sunrise" -## broke the bread ## +# This day is the fourteenth day that -"tore the bread into two or more pieces" or "tore off a piece from the loaf of bread" \ No newline at end of file +The ordinal number "fourteenth" can be stated as "fourteen." AT: "For 14 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# not one of you will lose a single hair from his head + +This was a customary way of saying no harm would come upon them. AT: "every one of you will survive this disaster unharmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# broke the bread + +"tore the bread" or "tore off a piece from the loaf of bread" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/36.md b/act/27/36.md index 060c3745f4..934eff5cde 100644 --- a/act/27/36.md +++ b/act/27/36.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## two hundred seventy-six people ## +# Then they were all encouraged -six people** - "276 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This encouraged all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We were 276 people in the ship + +"We were two hundred and seventy-six people in the ship." This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/39.md b/act/27/39.md index d5625e5619..40585e7bdf 100644 --- a/act/27/39.md +++ b/act/27/39.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## did not recognize the land ## +# bay + +a large area of water partly surrounded by land + +# did not recognize the land "saw land but could not recognize it as any place they knew" -## cut loose the anchors and left them in the sea ## +# cut loose the anchors and left them "cut the ropes and left the anchors behind" -## headed to the beach ## +# rudders -"steered the ship toward the beach" \ No newline at end of file +large oars or pieces of wood at the back of the ship used for steering + +# the foresail + +"the sail at the front of the ship." The sail was a large piece of cloth that catches the wind to move the ship. + +# they headed to the beach + +"they steered the ship toward the beach" + +# they came to a place where two currents met + +A current is water flowing in one continuous direction. Sometimes more than one water current can flow across another. This may cause the sand under the water to pile up making the water more shallow. + +# The bow of the ship + +"The front of the ship" + +# the stern + +"the back of the ship" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/42.md b/act/27/42.md index 60297121cb..50f640fdd3 100644 --- a/act/27/42.md +++ b/act/27/42.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## The soldiers' plan was ## +# The soldiers' plan was -"the soldiers were planning" +"The soldiers were planning" -## jump overboard ## +# so he stopped their plan -"jump off the ship into the water" \ No newline at end of file +"so he stopped them from doing what they planned to do" + +# jump overboard + +"jump off the ship into the water" + +# some on planks + +"some on wooden boards" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/27/intro.md b/act/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ca4cb59481 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Acts 27 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sailing ##### +In the ancient Near East, people traveled by boat powered by the wind. During different seasons, it was impossible to travel because the seas were too rough or the wind was blowing in the wrong direction. + +##### Trust ##### +This chapter involves the concept of trust. Paul's trust of God was very great. In turn, he told the sailers and soldiers to trust that God would preserve them along with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +##### Bread ##### +The author uses the imagery of bread in this chapter. Bread's significance can be traced back to the daily provision God provided to Israel in the desert for 40 years and the events of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/01.md b/act/28/01.md index 8cd4ea6d67..80b6e37b73 100644 --- a/act/28/01.md +++ b/act/28/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## we learned ## +# Connecting Statement: -"we learned from the people" or "we found out from the residents." The word "we" refers to Paul and Luke, the author of Acts, who traveled with Paul on this journey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +After the shipwreck, people on the island of Malta helped Paul and everyone on the ship. They stay there for 3 months. -## the island was called Malta ## +# General Information: -"Malta" is an island located south of modern day island of Sicily. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here the word "we" refers to Paul, the writer, and those who traveled with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## native people ## +# When we were brought safely through -The word for "native people" refers to people who do not speak Greek or adopt Greek culture. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When we arrived safely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## not just ordinary kindness ## +# we learned -"a great deal of kindness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Paul and Luke learned the name of the island. AT: "we learned from the people" or "we found out from the residents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## they lit a fire ## +# the island was called Malta + +Malta is an island located south of the modern-day island of Sicily. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The native people + +"The local people" + +# offered to us not just ordinary kindness + +Being kind to someone is spoken of as if it were an object that someone offers. AT: "were not only very kind to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# not just ordinary kindness + +This phrase is used to emphasize the opposite of what is said. AT: "a great deal of kindness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# they lit a fire "they put together twigs and branches and burned them" -## welcomed us all ## +# welcomed us all Possible meanings are 1) "welcomed all of the people from the ship" or 2) "welcomed Paul and all his companions." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/03.md b/act/28/03.md index 065774e50f..3b4cde314a 100644 --- a/act/28/03.md +++ b/act/28/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## a viper came out ## +# a viper came out "a poisonous snake came out of the bundle of sticks" -## fastened on his hands ## +# fastened onto his hand "bit Paul's hand and did not let go" -## This man certainly is a murderer ## +# This man certainly is a murderer "For sure, this man is a murderer" or "This man is truly a murderer" -## yet justice will not permit him to live ## +# yet justice -"the goddess called Justice will not allow him to escape death" \ No newline at end of file +The word "justice" refers to the name of a god that they worshiped. AT: "the god called Justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/05.md b/act/28/05.md index d89fd17b6c..5b9e2556b7 100644 --- a/act/28/05.md +++ b/act/28/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## shook the animal into the fire ## +# shook the animal into the fire "shook his hand so that the snake fell from his hand into the fire" -## become inflamed with fever ## +# suffered no harm -Possible meanings are 1) "get a high fever" or 2) "become swollen." +"Paul was not hurt at all" -## said he was a god ## +# become inflamed with a fever -There was a belief that someone who lived after a poisonous snake bite was divine or a god. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) his body would swell because of the snake venom or 2) he would become very hot with fever. + +# nothing was unusual with him + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "everything about him was as it should be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# they changed their minds + +To think differently about a situation is spoken of as if a person is changing his mind. AT: "they thought again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# said that he was a god + +This can be stated as a direct quotation. AT: "said, 'This man must be a god'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# said that he was a god + +Perhaps there was a belief that someone who lived after a poisonous snake bite was divine or a god. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/07.md b/act/28/07.md index 893cfad272..450612ea50 100644 --- a/act/28/07.md +++ b/act/28/07.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## Now in a nearby place ## +# General Information: -"Now" is used to introduce a new person or event in the recorded account' +Here the words "us" and we" refer to Paul, Luke, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## chief man of the island ## +# Now in a nearby place -Possible meanings are 1) the main leader of the people or 2) someone who was the most important person on the island perhaps because of his wealth. +"Now" is used to introduce a new person or event in the account. -## a man named Publius ## +# chief man of the island -Publius was the chief official on the island. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the main leader of the people or 2) someone who was the most important person on the island, perhaps because of his wealth. -## welcomed us ## +# a man named Publius -"welcomed Paul and his companions" +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## kindly provided for us ## +# It happened that the father of Publius ... fever and dysentery -"showed hospitality with kindess to us who were strangers" +This is background information about Publius' father that is important to understanding the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## had been made ill ## +# had been made ill -"was ill" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "was ill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## ill with a fever and dysentery ## +# ill with a fever and dysentery -"dysentery is an infectious intestinal disease" +Dysentery is an infectious intestinal disease. -## placed his hands on him ## +# placed his hands on him "touched him with his hands" -## and were healed ## +# were healed -"and he healed them too" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he healed them too" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# honored us with many honors + +Probably they honored Paul and those with him by giving them gifts. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/11.md b/act/28/11.md index 4d35ab8aa1..c733028773 100644 --- a/act/28/11.md +++ b/act/28/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Alexandrian ship ## +# Connecting Statement: -Possible meanings are 1) "a ship that came from Alexandria" or 2) "a ship that was registered or licensed in Alexandria." See how "Alexandrian" was translated in verse [Acts 6:8](../06/08.md). +Paul's journey to Rome continues. -## Twin Brothers...Castor and Pollux ## +# General Information: -This refers to Castor and Polluxa, the twin sons of Zeus, a Greek god. They were revered as protectors of ships.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The Twin Brothers refers to Castor and Pollux, the twin sons of Zeus, a Greek god. They were thought to be protectors of ships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## city of Syracuse ## +# that had spent the winter at the island -Syracuse is a city on the southeast coast of the modern day island Sicily, just southwest of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"that the crew left at the island for the cold season" + +# a ship of Alexandria + +Possible meanings are this refers to 1) a ship that came from Alexandria, or 2) a ship that was registered or licensed in Alexandria. + +# the twin gods + +On the bow of the ship, there was a carving of the two idols called "the twin gods." Their names were Castor and Pollux. + +# city of Syracuse + +Syracuse is a city on the southeast coast of the modern-day island of Sicily, just southwest of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/13.md b/act/28/13.md index 8c02425238..d6b2c03ee0 100644 --- a/act/28/13.md +++ b/act/28/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## city of Rhegium ## +# General Information: + +The Market of Appius and The Three Taverns was a popular market and inn on the main highway called the Appian Way, about 50 kilometers south of the city of Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# city of Rhegium This is the port city located at the southwestern tip of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## South wind sprang up ## +# a south wind sprang up "the wind began to blow from the south" -## city of Puteoli ## +# city of Puteoli -"Puteoli" is located in modern day Naples on the west coast of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Puteoli is located in modern-day Naples on the west coast of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## In this way we came to Rome ## +# There we found -"And after we stayed seven days with them, we went to Rome." Once Paul reached Puteoli, the rest of the journey to Rome was on land. +"There we met" -## The Three Taverns ## +# brothers -This was a rest stop on the main highway called the Appian Way about 50km south of the city of Rome. \ No newline at end of file +These were followers of Jesus, including both men and women. AT: "fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# were invited + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they invited us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# In this way we came to Rome + +Once Paul reached Puteoli, the rest of the journey to Rome was on land. AT: "And after we stayed seven days with them, we went to Rome" + +# after they heard about us + +"after they heard we were coming" + +# he thanked God and took courage + +Taking courage is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could take. AT: "this encouraged him, and he thanked God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/16.md b/act/28/16.md index 728cff9bf7..156646b3f2 100644 --- a/act/28/16.md +++ b/act/28/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,39 @@ -## When we entered Rome, Paul was allowed to ## +# Connecting Statement: -"After we had arrived in Rome, the government gave him permission to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Paul arrives in Rome as a prisoner but with the freedom to stay in his own place. He calls the local Jews together to explain what has happened to him. -## leaders of the jews ## +# General Information: -The jewish civil or religious leaders present in Rome. +Here the word "we" refers to the writer, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## no reason in me for a death penalty ## +# When we entered Rome, Paul was allowed to -"I had done nothing which deserved the punishment of death” \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "After we had arrived in Rome, the Roman authorities gave Paul permission to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then it came about that + +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# the leaders among the Jews + +These are the Jewish civil or religious leaders present in Rome. + +# Brothers + +Here this means "Fellow Jews." + +# against the people + +"against our people" or "against the Jews" + +# I was delivered as a prisoner from Jerusalem into the hands of the Romans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "some of the Jews arrested me in Jerusalem and placed me in the custody of the Roman authorities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# into the hands of the Romans + +Here "hands" stands for power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there was no reason in me for a death penalty + +"I had done nothing to cause them to execute me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/19.md b/act/28/19.md index 3cd9c3f5e6..7f6550d96a 100644 --- a/act/28/19.md +++ b/act/28/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# the Jews -## the Jews spoke ## +This does not mean all of the Jews. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -"The Jews in Jerusalem spoke" +# spoke against their desire -## against their desire ## +"complained about what the Roman authorities wanted to do" -"against the Roman leaders' desire" +# I was forced to appeal to Caesar -## I was forced to appeal ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I had to ask for Caesar to judge me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"I had no alternative but to appeal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# although it is not as if I were bringing any accusation against my nation -## what Israel is confident about ## +The abstract noun "accusation" can be stated as the verb "accuse." Here "nation" stands for the people. AT: "but it was not because I wanted to accuse the people of my nation before Caesar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -That God would send the Messiah to Israel, or that God would raise the dead to life \ No newline at end of file +# what Israel is confident about + +Possible meanings are 1) the people of Israel confidently expect the Messiah to come or 2) the people of Israel confidently expect God to bring those who have died back to life. + +# what Israel is + +Here "Israel" stands for the people. AT: "what the people of Israel are" or "what the Jews are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that I am bound with this chain + +Here "bound with this chain" stands for being a prisoner. AT: "that I am a prisoner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/21.md b/act/28/21.md index 1142155828..879aacea5b 100644 --- a/act/28/21.md +++ b/act/28/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## you think about this sect ## +# Connecting Statement: -"you think about this self-chosen group" +The Jewish leaders respond to Paul. -## it is spoken against everywhere ## +# General Information: -The Jewish people who rejected the gospel message throughout the roman empire were saying bad things about the Way. It was these messages that the Roman Jews were hearing reports from. \ No newline at end of file +Here the words "We," "we," and "us" refer to the Jewish leaders in Rome. (See: [Acts 28:17](./16.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# nor did any of the brothers + +Here "brothers" stands for fellow Jews. AT: "nor did any of our fellow Jews" + +# you think about this sect + +A sect is a smaller group within a larger group. Here it refers to those who believe in Jesus. AT: "you think about this group to which you belong" + +# because it is known by us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because we know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it is spoken against everywhere + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "many Jews all over the Roman Empire are saying bad things about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/23.md b/act/28/23.md index 8355b9f370..fadc2b9187 100644 --- a/act/28/23.md +++ b/act/28/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## He tried to persuade them ## +# General Information: -The word "them" refers to the Jewish leaders Paul was speaking to. +Here the word "they" refers to the Jewish leaders in Rome. (See: [Acts 28:17](./16.md)) -## Some were convinced ## +# General Information: -"Paul convinced some of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "him," "his," and "He" and refer to Paul. + +# had set a day for him + +"had chosen a time for him to speak to them" + +# testified about the kingdom of God + +Here "kingdom of God" stands for God's rule as king. AT: "told them about God's rule as king" or "told them how God would show himself as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the prophets + +Here "the prophets" refers to what they wrote. AT: "from what the prophets wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Some were convinced about the things which were said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Paul was able to convince some of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/25.md b/act/28/25.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3237c5c8dc --- /dev/null +++ b/act/28/25.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +As the Jewish leaders were ready to leave, Paul quotes the Old Testament scriptures that were appropriate for this time. + +# General Information: + +Here the word "they" refers to the Jewish leaders in Rome. (See: [Acts 28:17](./16.md)) + +# General Information: + +The word "your" refers to the people to whom Paul had been speaking. In verse 26, Paul begins to quote the prophet Isaiah. + +# after Paul had spoken this one word + +Here "word" stands for a message or statement. AT: "after Paul had said one more thing" or "after Paul had made this statement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The Holy Spirit spoke well through Isaiah the prophet to your fathers. He said, 'Go to this people and say, "By hearing you will hear, but not understand; and seeing you will see, but will not perceive + +This has quotations within quotations. You can translate one of the inner quotations as an indirect quotation as in the UDB. Or, you can translate two of the inner quotations as indirect quotations. AT: "The Holy Spirit spoke well through Isaiah the prophet to your forefathers when the Spirit told Isaiah to tell them that they will hear but will not understand; and they will see but they will not perceive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) + +# By hearing you will hear ... and seeing you will see + +The words "hear" and "see" are repeated for emphasis. "You will listen carefully ... and you will look intently" + +# but not understand ... but will not perceive + +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the Jewish people will not understand God's plan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/27.md b/act/28/27.md index bfcdee4cac..4b4dd6376f 100644 --- a/act/28/27.md +++ b/act/28/27.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -Paul continues speaking the quote from Isaiah. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul finishes quoting Isaiah the prophet. + +# General Information: + +Translate Paul's quotation of Isaiah as a direct quotation or indirect quotation according to how you translated it in [Acts 28:25-26](./25.md). + +# For the heart of this people has become dull + +People who stubbornly refuse to understand what God is saying or doing are spoken of as if their heart is dull. Here "heart" stands for the mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with their ears they hardly hear, and they have shut their eyes + +People who stubbornly refuse to understand what God is saying or doing are spoken of as if they are unable to hear and are shutting their eyes so that they will see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# understand with their heart + +Here "heart" stands for the mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# turn again + +To start obeying God is spoken of as though the person were physically turning toward God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I would heal them + +This does not mean God will only heal them physically. He will also heal them spiritually by forgiving their sins. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/28.md b/act/28/28.md index 602d9114a0..3e104ac93e 100644 --- a/act/28/28.md +++ b/act/28/28.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Paul continues to speak. +# Connecting Statement: -## they will listen ## +Paul finishes speaking to the Jewish leaders in Rome. -"some of them will listen" \ No newline at end of file +# this salvation of God has been sent to the Gentiles + +God's message about how he saves people is spoken of as if it were an object that is sent. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God is sending his messengers to the Gentiles to tell them about how he will save them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will listen + +"some of them will listen." This response of the Gentiles is in contrast to the way the Jews of that time responded. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/30.md b/act/28/30.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..56924ed03c --- /dev/null +++ b/act/28/30.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Luke ends the story of Paul in the book of Acts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) + +# He was proclaiming the kingdom of God + +Here "kingdom of God" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "He was preaching about God's rule as king" or "He was preaching about how God will show himself as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/28/intro.md b/act/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..40bfa54842 --- /dev/null +++ b/act/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Acts 28 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter forms a rather abrupt ending to this historical book because it does not record the deaths of Peter, or Paul, or the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem. Many scholars believe this chapter forms an ellipsis, which implies that the church is responsible for continuing the story. Other scholars believe it ends this way because Luke died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 28:26-27 to set this apart from the rest of the chapter. + +After extensive details of the events of Paul's life, this story glosses over two years in Rome without discussing what happened during this time. It is unknown why this is the case, but apparently the church did not need to learn anything from this time. + +##### "You should know that this salvation of God has been sent to the Gentiles, and they will listen" ##### +This statement indicates that the Gentiles will become the focus of the plans of God in this world until a time when he will once again bring Israel back to him. From this time on, the church will be increasingly composed of Gentile Christians. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Letters" ##### +The letters mentioned would have been legal papers which authorized the persecution and imprisonment of the Christians. The translator's culture may have different terms for "legal papers" or "legally binding papers," which could be useful in translation. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "He was a god" ##### +Just because the people believed this to be, it does not mean it was true or that Paul did not correct them for this. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Acts 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/front/intro.md b/act/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..680c7e2bfd --- /dev/null +++ b/act/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +# Introduction to Acts # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Acts #### + +1. The beginning of the church and its mission (1:1–2:41) +1. The early church in Jerusalem (2:42–6:7) +1. Rising opposition and the martyrdom of Steven (6:8–7:60) +1. The persecution of the church and Philip's ministry (8:1–40) +1. Paul becomes an apostle (9:1–31) +1. The ministry of Peter and the first Gentile converts (9:32–12:24) +1. Paul, the apostle to Gentiles, the Jewish law, and council of church leaders at Jerusalem (12:25–16:5) +1. The expansion of the church into the middle Mediterranean area and Asia Minor (16:6–19:20) +1. Paul travels to Jerusalem and becomes a prisoner in Rome (19:21–28:31) + +#### What is the Book of Acts about? #### + +The Book of Acts tells the story of the growth and development of the early church. It shows the Holy Spirit guiding and helping early Christians. The book describes the growth of the church for about thirty years after Jesus' ascension into heaven. It shows the power of God and the Holy Spirit at work in the early church. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "The Acts of the Apostles." Translators may choose to modify this title as, for example, "The Acts of the Holy Spirit through the Apostles." + +#### Who wrote the Book of Acts? #### + +This book does not give the reader the name of the author. Since early Christian times, however, it has generally been believed that the author was Luke because he was the only person who could be included in the passages using the word "we." Luke was a medical doctor; his way of writing shows that he was an educated man. He was probably a Gentile who was friendly to Judaism, but he was probably not a convert to Judaism. Although he was not an eyewitness to the ministry of Jesus, he did see many of the events that he describes in the Book of Acts. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the Church? #### + +The Book of Acts begins a new era in the religious history of mankind. God is no longer concerned with proper worship governed by the temple in Jerusalem. Instead, he shifts his focus from the nation of Israel to the Church, which is all those who believe in Christ. The remainder of the New Testament, after the Book of Acts, will now focus on righteous living through the Holy Spirit's power. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Acts? #### + +The texts of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of more accurate manuscripts. The following passages contain the most significant issues in the Book of Acts: + +* "Philip said, 'If you believe with all your heart, you may be baptized.' The Ethiopian answered, 'I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.'" (Acts 8:37) +* "They returned from there" (Acts 12:25). Some versions read, "They returned to Jerusalem (or to there)." Manuscript evidence is uncertain, but it makes more sense to think that Saul and Barnabas returned from Jerusalem to Antioch. +* "he endured them" (Acts 13:18). Some versions read, "he cared for them." There is evidence that each reading is original, so translators must choose. The ULB and UDB have chosen the first reading. +* "This is what the Lord says, who has done these things that have been known from ancient times." (Acts 15:17-18). Some older versions read, "This is what the Lord says, to whom are known all his deeds from ancient times." +* "But it seemed good to Silas to remain there." (Acts 15:34) Some older versions have this verse, but it is not in the best ancient manuscripts. The ULB and UDB leave it out. +* "And we wanted to judge him according to our law. But Lusias, the officer, came and forcibly took him out of our hands, sending him to you." (Acts 24:6b-8a) Some older versions have this text, but the best manuscripts do not. Translators should leave it out. +* "When he had said these things, the Jews departed, having a great dispute among themselves." (Acts 28:29) It is very doubtful that this verse is original to the Book of Acts. But some older versions have it. If translators include it, they should put it in square brackets. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/01.md b/amo/01/01.md index a59e0fb548..dafe860ca0 100644 --- a/amo/01/01.md +++ b/amo/01/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,39 @@ -## the things … that Amos … received in revelation ## +# General Information: -Everything that God made Amos understand through what Amos saw or heard. +God speaks through Amos using poetic language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Yahweh roars ## +# These are the things concerning Israel that Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa, received in revelation -like 1) a lion or 2) thunder (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "These are the things concerning Israel that God revealed to Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# These are the things + +"This is the message" + +# in Tekoa + +"Tekoa" is the name of a town or village. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He received these things + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave him these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and also in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash king of Israel + +This is an idiom and refers to the time when each king reigned. AT: "when Uzziah was king of Judah, and also when Jeroboam son of Joash was king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# two years before the earthquake + +The assumed knowledge is that the original hearers would be aware of when a large earthquake had affected the area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yahweh will roar from Zion; he will raise his voice from Jerusalem + +These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that Yahweh shouts loudly as he prepares to judge the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Yahweh will roar + +The author speaks of the voice of Yahweh as if it sounded like the roar of a lion or the roar of thunder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/03.md b/amo/01/03.md index e80faa0a92..19a0b6f484 100644 --- a/amo/01/03.md +++ b/amo/01/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## For three sins ... even for four ## +# For three sins of ... even for four -"For many sins ... for too many sins" or "Because ... has sinned so much, has sinned more than I can permit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but it indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. -## I will not turn away punishment ## +# Damascus -AT: "I will most certainly punish those people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Damascus" represents the people of the city of Damascus. AT: "the people of Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not turn away punishment + +Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. AT: "I will certainly punish those people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# they threshed Gilead with instruments of iron + +Yahweh speaks of how Damascus treated Gilead as if they had threshed grain with iron tools or weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Gilead + +Here "Gilead" represents the people of the region of Gilead. AT: "the people of Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will send a fire into the house of Hazael + +Here Yahweh speaks of his judgment against the house of Hazael as if it were a consuming fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Hazael + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Hazael's descendants, who were rulers of the country where Damascus was located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it will devour the fortresses of Ben Hadad + +Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Hazael ... Ben Hadad + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/05.md b/amo/01/05.md index fb98652a57..0ae5190136 100644 --- a/amo/01/05.md +++ b/amo/01/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Biqat Aven … Beth Eden … Kir ## +# Connecting Statement: -names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on Damascus. -## Eden ## +# cut off the man -different from the Garden of Eden +Here to "cut off" means either to destroy or to drive away, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. AT: "destroy the man" or "drive away the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the man who holds the scepter ## +# Valley of Aven -the king or chief (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place that means "valley of wickedness." Possible meanings are 1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or 2) this is a metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. AT: "the valley of wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the man who holds the scepter in + +This is a metonym for the ruler of that city or region. AT: "the ruler of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Beth Eden + +This is the name of a place that means "house of pleasure." Possible meanings are 1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or 2) this is another metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. AT: "the house of pleasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Kir + +This is the name of a region from which the people of Aram originally came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/06.md b/amo/01/06.md index 177048abc7..7820dc95fb 100644 --- a/amo/01/06.md +++ b/amo/01/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## For three sins ... even for four, I will not turn away punishment ## +# For three sins of ... even for four -See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but it indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). + +# Gaza + +Here "Gaza" represents the people of the region of Gaza. AT: "the people of Gaza" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not turn away punishment + +Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# hand them over to + +"deliver them up to" or "sell them to" + +# Edom + +Here "Edom" represents the people of the country of Edom. AT: "the people of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it will devour her fortresses + +Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/08.md b/amo/01/08.md index 945e7a068a..b1b1516012 100644 --- a/amo/01/08.md +++ b/amo/01/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## I will turn my hand against Ekron ## +# Connecting Statement: -or "I will fight against Ekron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on Gaza. + +# cut off the man + +Here to "cut off" means either to destroy or to drive away, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. AT: "destroy the man" or "drive away the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the man who holds the scepter + +This is a metonym for the ruler of that city or region. AT: "the ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will turn my hand against Ekron + +Here "hand" represents Yahweh's power that he would use against Ekron. AT: "I will strike Ekron" or "I will destroy Ekron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Ekron + +Here "Ekron" represents the people of the city of Ekron. AT: "the people of Ekron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/09.md b/amo/01/09.md index d2dd152375..770d7f74d7 100644 --- a/amo/01/09.md +++ b/amo/01/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## For three sins ... even for four, I will not turn away punishment ## +# For three sins of ... even for four -See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). +This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). -## their treaty of brotherhood ## +# Tyre -"the agreement they made to treat you as brothers" \ No newline at end of file +Here "Tyre" represents the people of the city of Tyre. AT: "the people of Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not turn away punishment + +Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# their covenant of brotherhood + +"the agreement they made to treat you as brothers" + +# it will devour her fortresses + +Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/11.md b/amo/01/11.md index e2dcd003c7..e87a83c200 100644 --- a/amo/01/11.md +++ b/amo/01/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## For three sins ... even for four, I will not turn away punishment ## +# For three sins of ... even for four -See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). +This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). -## his wrath lasted forever ## +# Edom -"his wrath has lasted until now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here "Edom" represents the people of the country of Edom. AT: "the people of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Bozrah ## +# I will not turn away punishment -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# he pursued his brother + +The assumed knowledge is that Esau, from whom the people of Edom were descended, was the brother of Jacob, from whom the people of Israel were descended. Here "his brother" represents the people of Israel. AT: "he pursued the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cast off all pity + +"showed them no mercy" + +# His anger raged continually, and his wrath lasted forever + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize his continued anger. The abstract nouns "anger" and "wrath" can be translated using the adjectives "angry" and "furious." AT: "He was continually angry and always furious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his wrath lasted forever + +This is an exaggeration that is meant to express the ongoing nature of his wrath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Teman ... Bozrah + +These are names of places. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] + +# it will devour the palaces of Bozrah + +Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the palaces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/13.md b/amo/01/13.md index 177048abc7..8ea33d6ae9 100644 --- a/amo/01/13.md +++ b/amo/01/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## For three sins ... even for four, I will not turn away punishment ## +# For three sins of ... even for four -See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). + +# I will not turn away punishment + +Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# enlarge their borders + +"extend their boundaries" or "expand their territory" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/14.md b/amo/01/14.md index af8d92773b..ded637340d 100644 --- a/amo/01/14.md +++ b/amo/01/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind ## +# Connecting Statement: -"with many bad things happening all at once" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Ammon. -## tempest ... whirlwind ## +# it will devour the palaces -two kinds of violent storm +Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the palaces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## whirlwind ## +# with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind -a storm in which the wind goes around in a circle \ No newline at end of file +The fighting against the people of Ammon is spoken of as if it were a violent storm. AT: "and the fighting will be like a great storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tempest ... whirlwind + +These are two kinds of violent storms. + +# whirlwind + +a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage + +# Their king will go into captivity + +The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as the verb "capture." This can be translated in active form. AT: "Their enemies will capture their king and take him away as a prisoner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/01/intro.md b/amo/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..abf16cf361 --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Amos 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This book is written in a poetic form. Because it was written by a farmer, it includes many references to agricultural concepts. + +##### "For three sins of Judah, even for four" ##### +The phrase "For three sins of Judah, even for four," is used to begin each oracle. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Amos intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/01.md b/amo/02/01.md index 7590bdfc7e..bb93ba11ec 100644 --- a/amo/02/01.md +++ b/amo/02/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## For three sins ... even for four, I will not turn away punishment ## +# For three sins of ... even for four -See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). +This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). -## lime ## +# Moab -the ashes left when seashells and some kinds of rocks are burned \ No newline at end of file +This represents the Moabite people. AT: "the people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not turn away punishment + +Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# he burned the bones + +The word "he" refers to Moab. AT: "the people of Moab burned the bones" + +# to lime + +"to ashes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/02.md b/amo/02/02.md index 35ad2dd282..6f9456312b 100644 --- a/amo/02/02.md +++ b/amo/02/02.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Kerioth ## +# Connecting Statement: -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Moab. -## Moab will die ## +# Kerioth -"The people of Moab will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city or town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Moab will die + +Here "Moab" represents the people of Moab. AT: "The people of Moab will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in an uproar + +An uproar is a very loud noise. + +# the judge in her + +"the ruler of Moab" + +# all the princes + +"all the officials" or "all the leaders" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/04.md b/amo/02/04.md index 8c8db995d6..fca354e5f1 100644 --- a/amo/02/04.md +++ b/amo/02/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## For three sins ... even for four, I will not turn away punishment ## +# For three sins of ... even for four -See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). +This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). -## Their lies caused them to err ## +# Judah -"Because they worship false gods, they have done wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +This represents the people of Judah. AT: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not turn away punishment + +Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he will punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Their lies + +This expression here probably refers to worshiping false gods or idols. AT: "Their worship of idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# go astray ... walked + +Worshiping false gods is spoken of as if people were walking behind them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will devour the fortresses of Jerusalem + +Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/06.md b/amo/02/06.md index 783fb9589e..94ce61316d 100644 --- a/amo/02/06.md +++ b/amo/02/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## For three sins ... even for four, I will not turn away punishment ## +# For three sins of ... even for four -See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is a poetic device. It does not meaan that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many of sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). + +# Israel + +This represents the Israelite people. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not turn away punishment + +Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# the innocent + +This refers to innocent people in general. AT: "innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the needy + +This refers to needy people in general. AT: "needy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/07.md b/amo/02/07.md index 56626f8c7a..851270c94c 100644 --- a/amo/02/07.md +++ b/amo/02/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## trample ## +# Connecting Statement: -injure by purposely and repeatedly stepping hard on +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel. -## they push the oppressed away ## +# General Information: -"they refuse to listen when the oppressed say they are being treated unfairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "they" in these verses refers to the people of Israel. + +# They trample on the heads of the poor as people trample on dust on the ground + +How the people of Israel treated the poor is compared to how people step heavily on the ground (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# trample + +repeatedly step heavily or roughly + +# the poor + +This refers to poor people in general. AT: "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# they push the oppressed away + +This idiom means they refused to listen when the oppressed people said they were being treated unfairly (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the oppressed + +This refers to oppressed people in general. AT: "oppressed people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# those who were fined + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those who they made to pay a penalty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/09.md b/amo/02/09.md index aa0010f2e2..afe6dcd872 100644 --- a/amo/02/09.md +++ b/amo/02/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## whose height was like the height of cedars; he was strong as the oaks ## +# Connecting Statement: -"who were as tall as the tallest trees you knew and as strong as the strongest wood you know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel. + +# General Information: + +The words "them" and "you" in these verses both refer to the people of Israel. + +# whose height was like the height of cedars; he was strong as the oaks + +This is an exaggeration. It describes how tall and strong the Amorite people were and compares them to the tallest and strongest trees in that region. AT: "who were tall and strong like great trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# cedars + +"cedar trees" + +# the oaks + +"the oak trees" + +# Yet I destroyed his fruit above and his roots below + +How Yahweh completely destroyed the Amorites is pictured as a tree being destroyed from top to bottom. AT: "Yet I destroyed them completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/11.md b/amo/02/11.md index 183f180ac7..2cce4c9016 100644 --- a/amo/02/11.md +++ b/amo/02/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Declaration of Yahweh ## +# Connecting Statement: -Try to translate these words the same way every time they appear in this book. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel. + +# General Information: + +The words "your" and "you" in these verses refer to the people of Israel. + +# raised up + +"appointed" + +# Is it not so, people of Israel? + +Yahweh asks this question to emphasize what he has said. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You people of Israel certainly know that what I have said is true!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/13.md b/amo/02/13.md index d2b375979d..99cc4d7f80 100644 --- a/amo/02/13.md +++ b/amo/02/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Look ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel. + +# General Information: + +The word "you" in these verses refers to the people of Israel. + +# Look + +This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# I will crush you as a cart that is full of grain can crush someone + +Yahweh compares his judgment on the people of Israel to crushing them with something very heavy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The swift ... the strong ... the mighty + +These adjectives refer to people in general. AT: "Swift people ... strong people ... mighty people" or "The strong person ... the strong person ... the mighty person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/15.md b/amo/02/15.md index 5965a4a60e..ea01a138b9 100644 --- a/amo/02/15.md +++ b/amo/02/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## The archer will not stand ## +# Connecting Statement: -or "The archer will run away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel. -## the fast runner will not escape ## +# The archer will not stand -or "the fast runner will be captured" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Here "stand" means to keep one's place in battle. -## the horseman will not save himself ## +# the fast runner will not escape -or "the horseman will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +The implied information is that the fast runner will not escape from his enemies. AT: "the fast runner will be captured" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## flee naked ## +# flee naked -Possible meanings: 1) "run away without his weapons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and UDB) or 2) "run away wearing no clothes" +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metonym for "run away without his weapons" or 2) this is meant literally as "run away wearing no clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Declaration of Yahweh ## +# in that day -Translate these words as you did in [Amos 2:11](./11.md). \ No newline at end of file +"at that time" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](./11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/intro.md b/amo/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ba70a170be --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Amos 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter consists of oracles against Moab and Judah by using poetic language and imagery. But the UDB translates it using prose. If possible, translate this chapter as poetry, but you may translate as narrative. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### +You will notice that the phrase "For three sins of Judah, even for four," is used to begin each of these oracles. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/01.md b/amo/03/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..896a47f4f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/03/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Hear this word + +"Hear this message" or "Listen to this message" + +# that Yahweh has spoken against you ... against the whole family + +"this word that Yahweh has spoken about you ... about the whole family" or "Yahweh's message about you ... about the whole family" + +# you, people of Israel ... the whole family that I brought up out of the land of Egypt + +These two phrases refer to the same group of people. The people God is speaking to are the descendants of those he had taken out of Egypt. + +# the whole family + +Here "the whole family" represents to the whole nation. The people of Israel were all descendants of Jacob. AT: "the whole nation" or "the whole clan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have chosen only you from all the families of the earth + +This implies that they should have obeyed him. This can be stated clearly. AT: "I have chosen only you from all the families of the earth, so you should have obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all the families of the earth + +Here "families" represents nations or people groups. AT: "all the nations of the earth" or "all the clans on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Therefore I will punish you for all your sins + +It can be stated clearly that they did not obey God. AT: "But you did not obey me. Therefore I will punish you for all your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/03.md b/amo/03/03.md index 73e5019b61..69d05fc08d 100644 --- a/amo/03/03.md +++ b/amo/03/03.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -8]]. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Amos uses the questions in verses 3-6 to present examples of things that people already know about what causes things to happen and what are the results of things that happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will two walk together unless they have agreed? + +Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what must happen in order for two people to walk together. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Two people will walk together only if they have first agreed to walk together." or "You know that two people will walk together only if they have agreed to do that." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will a lion roar in the forest when he has no victim? + +Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what causes a lion to roar. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "A lion will roar in the forest only when he has a victim." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will a young lion growl from his den if he has caught nothing? + +Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what causes a lion to growl. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "A young lion will growl from his den only if he has caught something." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/05.md b/amo/03/05.md index 73e5019b61..cbb1f31f12 100644 --- a/amo/03/05.md +++ b/amo/03/05.md @@ -1 +1,35 @@ -8]]. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Amos uses the questions in verses 3-6 to present examples of things that people already know about what causes things to happen and what are the results of things that happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Can a bird fall in a trap on the ground when no bait is set for him? + +Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what causes a bird to fall into a trap. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "A bird can fall into a trap on the ground only when bait has been set for him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will a trap spring up from the ground when it has not caught anything? + +Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what causes a trap to spring up. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "A trap will spring up from the ground only when it has caught something." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will a trap spring up from the ground + +This refers to a trap closing. When an animal steps on a trap, the trap closes and the animal cannot get out of it. AT: "Will a trap close" + +# If a trumpet sounds in a city, will the people not tremble? + +Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what happens when a trumpet sounds. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "When the trumpet sounds in the city, the people will tremble." or "When the trumpet sounds in the city, we expect that people will tremble." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If a trumpet sounds in a city + +The purpose of sounding the trumpet is to warn people that enemies are about to attack the city. AT: "If someone blows the trumpet in the city to warn the people about an enemy attack" or "If the warning trumpet is blown in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# tremble + +The reason for trembling can be stated clearly. AT: "tremble because they are afraid" or "be afraid of the enemy and tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If disaster overtakes a city, has Yahweh not sent it + +Amos uses this question to remind the people of what they should already know about what causes a disaster. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "If disaster overtakes a city, Yahweh has sent it." or "If disaster overtakes a city, we know that Yahweh has sent it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If disaster overtakes a city, + +Something terrible happening to a city is spoken of as if disaster overtakes it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/07.md b/amo/03/07.md index 38acb3a2a1..703948f7b2 100644 --- a/amo/03/07.md +++ b/amo/03/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Surely the Lord Yahweh will do nothing unless he reveals ... prophets ## +# Surely the Lord Yahweh will do nothing unless ... the prophets -AT: "The Lord Yahweh will first reveal ... prophets before he does anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +The relationship between this sentence and the rhetorical questions in [Amos 3:3](./03.md) to [Amos 3:6](./05.md) can be shown with the words "So also." AT: "So also, the Lord Yahweh will do nothing unless ... the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Surely the Lord Yahweh will do nothing unless he reveals ... prophets + +This can be stated positively. AT: "Surely the Lord Yahweh will reveal ... prophets before he does anything" or "So also, the Lord will punish people only if he has revealed his plan to his servants the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# The lion has roared; who will not fear? + +Amos uses this question to remind people of what people do when a lion roars. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "The lion has roared; so we know that everyone will be afraid." or "The lion has roared; so of course everyone will be afraid." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The Lord Yahweh has spoken; who will not prophesy? + +Amos uses this question to emphasize what people should already know about what prophets do when God speaks. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The Lord Yahweh has spoken; so we know that the prophets will prophesy." or "The Lord Yahweh has spoken; so of course the prophets will prophesy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/09.md b/amo/03/09.md index 58b6700ed2..d28b4c66df 100644 --- a/amo/03/09.md +++ b/amo/03/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## declaration of Yahweh ## +# Assemble yourselves -Translate these words as you did in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +This command is to Israel's enemies in Ashdod and Egypt. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +"this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what Yahweh has solemnly said." This phrase expresses the certainty of everything else in the message. + +# see what great confusion is in her + +The word "her" refers to the city of Samaria. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# what great confusion is in her + +Here "great confusion is in her" refers to people's fear because of the fighting and rioting there. The word "confusion" can be translated with a verbal phrase to make this meaning explicit. AT: "how the people in Samaria riot" or "how the people in Samaria fight against one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# what oppression is in her + +Here "oppression is in her" refers to leaders in Samaria oppressing the people. The abstract noun "oppress" can be stated as "oppress" or "cause to suffer." AT: "how the leaders oppress people" or "and how they cause people to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# For they do not know how to do right + +The word "they" refers to the people of Samaria. + +# They store up violence and destruction + +Here "violence and destruction" represent things they have taken by being violent and destructive. AT: "They store up things that they have violently stolen from others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/11.md b/amo/03/11.md index 81a0bec719..3af43b3bfb 100644 --- a/amo/03/11.md +++ b/amo/03/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## couch ## +# Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says -a soft chair big enough to lie down on \ No newline at end of file +It can be stated clearly who God was saying this to. AT: "Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says to the people of Israel living in Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# An enemy will surround the land + +"An enemy army will surround the land" + +# plunder your fortresses + +"steal all the things in your fortresses" + +# As the shepherd rescues ... so will the people of Israel ... be rescued + +The Lord compares the people of Israel being rescued with an unsuccessful attempt to rescue an animal from a lion. They will not be completely rescued. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# As the shepherd rescues out of the mouth of the lion two legs only, or a piece of an ear + +It can be stated clearly that the shepherd tries to rescue the whole animal. AT: "As the shepherd tries to rescue an animal from the lion's mouth, but is able to save only two legs or a piece of an ear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# As the shepherd ... the lion + +Here the phrases "the shepherd" and "the lion" refer to any shepherd or lion. AT: "As a shepherd ... a lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# they will be left with only the corner of a couch or a piece of a bed + +This phrase shows that they will not be completely rescued. Almost all of their possessions will be stolen. This passage in Hebrew is difficult to understand, and some modern versions interpret it differently. + +# couch + +This is a soft chair big enough to lie down on. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/13.md b/amo/03/13.md index 748fafdac5..7a60b859b5 100644 --- a/amo/03/13.md +++ b/amo/03/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## declaration of the Lord Yahweh ## +# the house of Jacob -Try to translate these words the same way every time they appear in this book. +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. They were the people of Israel. AT: "the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## horns of the altar ## +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts -These looked like bull horns going out from where the sides came together at the top and were symbols to show how strong the god was. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated the similar phrase "this is Yahweh's declaration" in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# in the day that I punish the sins of Israel + +"when I punish the sins of Israel" + +# I will also punish the altars of Bethel + +People sinned against God by worshiping false gods at their altars. Here "punish the altars" represents punishing the people by destroying their altars. AT: "I will also destroy the altars at Bethel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The horns of the altar will be cut off and fall to the ground + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Your enemies will cut off the horns of the altars, and the horns will fall to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# horns of the altar + +People worshiped false gods at their altars. At the top corners of the altars there were pieces of metal shaped like bull horns. These horns were a symbol of the strength of their gods. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/15.md b/amo/03/15.md index cfd00a13a9..b35b025661 100644 --- a/amo/03/15.md +++ b/amo/03/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## the winter house with the summer house ## +# the winter house with the summer house -"all of the houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Some of the wealthy people had two houses: one that they lived in during the winter and one that they lived in during the summer. This refers to any winter and summer houses. AT: "the houses they live in during the winter and the houses they live in during the summer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## ivory ## +# The houses of ivory will perish + +God speaks of the houses being destroyed as if they were alive and would die. AT: "The houses of ivory will be destroyed" or "The houses of ivory will collapse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The houses of ivory + +"the houses that are decorated with ivory." This refers to houses that had decorations made of ivory on the walls and furniture. Ivory was very expensive, so only the wealthy people had things decorated with ivory. + +# ivory the teeth and horns of large animals -## declaration of Yahweh ## +# the large houses will vanish -Translate these words as you did in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md) [Psalms 57:1](../../psa/057/001.md) \ No newline at end of file +"the large houses will exist no more." Here "vanish" represents being destroyed. AT: "the large houses will be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/03/intro.md b/amo/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5b782834c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Amos 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Amos continues to use poetic form in this chapter to prophesy the disaster coming to the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +This chapter begins with a number of rhetorical questions. The last question provides the reader with some answers: "Yahweh has certainly spoken through his prophets. So listen to them." The answer to these rhetorical questions have the expected response of "no" because they are things that are not expected to happen. The writer is helping the reader to conclude that God uses the prophets to speak his message. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/04/01.md b/amo/04/01.md index a127150c63..59a14982c1 100644 --- a/amo/04/01.md +++ b/amo/04/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## take you away with hooks, the last of you with fishhooks ## +# you cows of Bashan, you who are in the mountain of Samaria -"completely defeat all of you and force you to go away with them" or "put you on hooks like fish and take you away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Amos speaks to the women of Israel who live in Samaria as if they were well-fed cows. AT: "you wealthy women who live in the mountains of Samaria, you who are like the well-fed cows of Bashan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## hooks ... fishhooks ## +# you who oppress the poor -The difference in meaning between these words is not clear, so it may be best to treat them as the same. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and UDB) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "the poor" refers to poor people. AT: "you who oppress poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# you who crush the needy + +Hear "crush" is a metaphor that represents treating people badly. The phrase "the needy" refers to people who need help. AT: "you who treat needy people badly" or "you who hurt needy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# The Lord Yahweh has sworn by his holiness + +This means that Yahweh promised that he would do something, and he assured people that he would do what he promised because he is holy. + +# the days will come on you + +The word "you" refers to the wealthy women of Israel who lived in Samaria, but also includes men. + +# the days will come on you when they will take you away with hooks + +A time in the future when bad things will happen to the people is spoken of as if those days will attack the people. The word "they" refers to their enemies. AT: "There will be a time when your enemies will take you away with hooks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will take you away with hooks, the last of you with fishhooks + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the enemy will capture the people like people catch fish. AT: "they will capture you as people capture animals, and they take you away" or "they will defeat you and cruelly force you to go away with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/04/03.md b/amo/04/03.md index 1d275d20ef..e7dac0b0c0 100644 --- a/amo/04/03.md +++ b/amo/04/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## breaks in the city wall ## +# Connecting Statement: + +God continues to speak to the people of Israel. + +# breaks in the city wall places where the enemy had broken down the city wall to enter -## straight before herself ## +# you will be thrown out toward Harmon -"will walk the most direct path" out of the city +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will throw you out toward Harmon" or "your enemies will force you to leave the city and go toward Harmon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in the direction of Mount Hermon ## +# Harmon -to the north +This is either the name of a place that we do not know, or it refers to Mount Hermon. Some modern versions interpret it in that way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## declaration of Yahweh ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -Translate these words as you did in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/04/04.md b/amo/04/04.md index 888cead3fe..68a05ecc6f 100644 --- a/amo/04/04.md +++ b/amo/04/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## Go to Bethel and sin, to Gilgal and multiply sin ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Because you refuse to repent, the sacrifices you offer at Bethel and Gilgal only make me more angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +God continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## Bring your sacrifices ... your tithes ... Offer a thanksgiving sacrifice ... proclaim freewill offerings; announce them ## +# General Information: -If your language has a way to show that the people refuse to understand that doing these things will do them no good but they will not stop doing them, you may want to use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +God gives several commands in verse 4, but he does so to show that he is angry -## declaration of the Lord Yahweh ## +# Go to Bethel and sin, to Gilgal and multiply sin -Translate this as you did in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). \ No newline at end of file +People would go to Bethel and Gilgal to make sacrifices to God, but they kept sinning anyway. God makes these commands to show that he is angry with them for doing these things. These commands can be expressed as statements. AT: "You go to Bethel to worship, but you sin. You go to Gilgal to worship, but you sin even more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# bring your sacrifices ... every three days. Offer a thanksgiving sacrifice ... proclaim freewill offerings; announce them + +God makes these commands in order to show the people that he is angry that even though they do these things, they continue to sin against him in other ways. These commands can be expressed as statements. AT: "You bring your sacrifices ... every three days. You offer a thanksgiving sacrifice ... you proclaim freewill offerings. And you announce them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# every three days + +Possible meanings are 1) on the third day or 3) every third day. Some versions have "every three years," because the Israelites were supposed to bring their tithes to God once every three years. + +# announce them + +"boast about them" + +# for this pleases you, you people of Israel + +Yahweh rebukes them for being proud about their offerings and sacrifices. They think that God should be pleased with them, but he is not. AT: "for this pleases you, you people of Israel. But it does not please me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated the similar phrase "this is Yahweh's declaration" in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/04/06.md b/amo/04/06.md index 3ba945165b..6328d583ff 100644 --- a/amo/04/06.md +++ b/amo/04/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## cleanness of teeth ## +# Connecting Statement: -"hunger" or "starvation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +God continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## you have not returned to me ## +# I gave you cleanness of teeth -AT: "you have not stopped sinning against me" +Here having clean teeth represents having no food in the mouth to make the teeth dirty. AT: "I caused you to starve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## declaration of Yahweh ## +# lack of bread -Translate these words as you did in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Giving them "lack of bread" represents causing them to lack bread, and "bread" represents food in general. AT: "I caused you not to have enough food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have not returned to me + +Returning to God represents submitting again to him. AT: "you have not submitted again to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I also withheld rain from you + +"I prevented the rain from falling on your crops" + +# when there were still three months to the harvest + +It can be stated clearly that the people needed the rain. AT: "when there were still three months to the harvest and your crops needed the rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# One piece of land was rained on + +This can be stated in active form. The phrase "One piece of land" represents any piece of land." AT: "It rained on one piece of land" or "It rained on some pieces of land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the piece of land where it did not rain + +This refers to any piece of land where it did not rain. AT: "the pieces of land where it did not rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/04/08.md b/amo/04/08.md index 42e5006170..bb00e338b0 100644 --- a/amo/04/08.md +++ b/amo/04/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## I afflicted you with blight and mildew ## +# Two or three cities staggered -"Sometimes I gave you too little rain and sometimes too much rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Here "cities" represents the people of those cities. AT: "The people of two or three cities staggered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## blight ## +# I afflicted you with blight and mildew -disease that dries and kills plants +Here "afflicted you" represents afflicting their crops. AT: "I afflicted your crops with blight and mildew" or "I destroyed your crops with blight and mildew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## mildew ## +# blight -bad growth on things that stay wet too long +This is a disease that dries and kills plants. It is caused by the hot wind from the desert. -## you have not returned to me ## +# mildew -Translate these words as you did in [Amos 4:6](./06.md). +This is another disease that kills plants. -## declaration of Yahweh ## +# you have not returned to me -Translate these words as you did in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Returning to God represents submitting again to him. See how you translated this in [Amos 4:6](./06.md). AT: "you have not submitted again to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/04/10.md b/amo/04/10.md index 78fb5e8218..bea940cd26 100644 --- a/amo/04/10.md +++ b/amo/04/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## made the stench of your camp come up to your nostrils ## +# I sent a plague on you as on Egypt -AT: "filled the air with the stench of your camp" or "you could not get away from the stench of your camp." +"I sent a plague on you as I did on Egypt" or "I sent a plague on you as I sent plagues on Egypt" -## stench ## +# I sent a plague on you -very bad smell, especially of dead people +"I caused terrible things to happen to you" -## You were like a burning stick snatched out of the fire ## +# I killed your young men with the sword -AT: "I quickly pulled you out of the fire like you were a burning stick" or "I let you burn part way before I quickly pulled you out of the fire."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "the sword" represents battle. God killed them by sending enemies to fight against them. AT: "I made your enemies kill your men in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you have not returned to me ## +# carried away your horses -Translate these words as you did in [Amos 4:6](./06.md). +God speaks of causing the enemies to steal their horses as if he carried the horses away. AT: "I made your enemies take away your horses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## declaration of Yahweh ## +# made the stench of your camp come up to your nostrils -Translate these words as you did in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +A stench is a bad smell. The stench coming up to their nostrils represents them smelling something terrible. It can be stated clearly that the smell was from the dead bodies of those who were killed. AT: "I made you smell the terrible odor of the dead bodies in your camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You were like a burning stick snatched out of the fire + +God speaks of those who survived the plague and war as if they were a burning stick that someone pulled out of a fire. AT: "Some of you survived, like a burning stick that someone pulls out of a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you have not returned to me + +Returning to God represents submitting again to him. See how you translated this in [Amos 4:6](./06.md). AT: "you have not submitted again to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/04/12.md b/amo/04/12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e1da8cf049 --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/04/12.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +God continues to speak to the people of Israel. + +# prepare to meet your God + +God says this to warn the people of Israel that he will judge them. AT: "prepare to meet me, your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he who forms the mountains ... reveals his thoughts ... is his name + +It is not clear whether Amos is speaking about God, or God is speaking about himself. If God is speaking about himself, it can be translated with the words "I" and "me." AT: "I who form the mountains ... reveal my thoughts ... is my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# makes the morning darkness + +Possible meanings are 1) God causes the day to be very dark with thick clouds. AT: "makes the morning dark" or 2) God causes time to pass, so every day becomes night. AT: "makes morning and evening" + +# treads on the high places of the earth + +God ruling over all the earth is spoken of as if he walks on the highest places of the earth. AT: "rules over all the earth" or "rules over even the highest places of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh, God of hosts, is his name + +By declaring his full name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things. Your language may have a way for people to do this. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/04/intro.md b/amo/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8e66b44353 --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Amos 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written in poetic form and is about the people's refusal to listen to Yahweh even as he tries to point them back to himself. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Repetition ##### +This chapter contains a repeated sentence: "Yet you have not returned to me —this is Yahweh's declaration." Please make sure this sentence is translated the same way each time to show the repetition. This repetition produces a list of sins Yahweh is mounting against his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/01.md b/amo/05/01.md index 7ec4421b65..ea21e07b04 100644 --- a/amo/05/01.md +++ b/amo/05/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## virgin Israel has fallen ... she will ... she is ... raise her ## +# house of Israel -"the people of Israel have died violently ... they will ... they are ... raise them" \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. AT: "you people of Israel" or "you Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The virgin Israel has fallen ... no one to raise her up + +The phrase "The virgin Israel" represents the nation of Israel. The nation of Israel being destroyed and having no other nation to help them become strong again is spoken of as if it were a young woman who has fallen and has no one to raise her up. AT: "The nation of Israel is like a woman who has fallen ... no one to help her get up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# she is forsaken on her land + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People have forsaken her" or "they have abandoned her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/03.md b/amo/05/03.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..833c737929 --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/05/03.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# The city that went out with a thousand ... the one that went out with a hundred + +These phrases refer to any cities that sent out large numbers of soldiers. AT: "Cities that went out with a thousand ... cities that went out with a hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# The city that went out with a thousand will have a hundred left + +The phrases "a thousand" and "a hundred" refer to a thousand soldiers and a hundred soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The city that went out with a thousand + +"The city that went out" represents the soldiers of that city going out. It can be stated clearly why they went out. AT: "The city out of which a thousand soldiers went to fight" or "The city that sent out a thousand soldiers to fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will have a hundred left + +"will have a hundred soldiers who have not been killed" or "will have only a hundred soldiers still alive." Here being "left" refers to not being killed by the enemy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/04.md b/amo/05/04.md index 3deaa9fca9..d17b923dde 100644 --- a/amo/05/04.md +++ b/amo/05/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Seek me ## +# Seek me -"Come to me for help" +Here "Seek me" represents asking God for help. AT: "Ask me for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Bethel have sorrow ## +# Do not seek Bethel -"Bethel will be completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) AT: "people will come and completely destroy Bethel." \ No newline at end of file +Here "seek Bethel" represents going to Bethel to ask for help. AT: "Do not go to Bethel to ask for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# nor enter Gilgal + +"and do not enter Gilgal" + +# For Gilgal will surely go into captivity + +Here "Gilgal" represents the people of Gilgal, and going into captivity refers to being captured and taken away. AT: "For the people of Gilgal will surely be captured and taken away" or "For your enemies will surely capture the people of Gilgal and take them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Bethel will become nothing + +Here "become nothing" represents being destroyed. AT: "Bethel will be completely destroyed" or "enemies will completely destroy Bethel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/06.md b/amo/05/06.md index bacd751c32..6776dc57e5 100644 --- a/amo/05/06.md +++ b/amo/05/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## he will break out like fire ## +# Seek Yahweh -"he will become like a fire that breaks out suddenly and destroys everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "Seek Yahweh" represents asking him for help. AT: "Ask Yahweh for help" or "Ask me, Yahweh, for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## turn justice into a bitter thing and throw righteousness down to the ground ## +# he will break out like fire -call evil things good and treat good things as unimportant +Here "break out like a fire" represents destroying things as fire destroys things. AT: "he will become like a fire that breaks out suddenly and destroys everything" or "he will destroy everything like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## turn justice into a bitter thing ## +# the house of Joseph -or "twist justice" or "do what is not just but say it is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase is a metonym for the descendants of Joseph. Here it represents the northern kingdom of Israel, whose two largest tribes were the descendants of Joseph. AT: "the descendants of Joseph" or "Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## throw righteousness down to the ground ## +# It will devour -or "treat righteousness as though it were as unimportant as dirt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "it" refers to the fire, and "devour" represents destroying everything. God destroying everything is spoken of as if a fire were to destroy everything. AT: "It will destroy everything" or "He will destroy everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there will be no one to quench it + +"there will no one to stop it" or "there will be no one to stop him from destroying everything" + +# turn justice into a bitter thing + +Here "a bitter thing" represents actions that harm people, and "turn justice into a bitter thing" represents harming people rather than doing for them what is just. AT: "say that they are doing what is just, but instead they harm people" or "refuse to do what is just and harm people instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# throw righteousness down to the ground + +This represents treating righteousness as if it were worthless. AT: "treat righteousness as though it were as unimportant as dirt" or "you despise what is righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/08.md b/amo/05/08.md index 9906818c2b..9173506266 100644 --- a/amo/05/08.md +++ b/amo/05/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## the Pleiades and Orion ## +# the Pleiades and Orion -groups of stars (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +People saw patterns in the stars in the sky and gave names to them. These are two of those patterns. AT: "the stars" or "the groups of stars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# he turns darkness into the morning ... day dark with night + +"he makes the night become morning, and he makes the day become night." This refers to causing the times of the day. + +# calls for the waters ... on the surface of the earth + +This represents God causing the sea water to fall on the earth as rain. AT: "he takes the waters of the sea and makes them rain down on the surface of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh is his name! + +By declaring his name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things. + +# He brings sudden destruction on the strong + +The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated with the verb "destroy." The phrase "the strong" refers to strong people, specifically soldiers. AT: "He suddenly destroys the strong people" or "He suddenly destroys the soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# so that destruction comes on the fortresses + +The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated with the verb "destroy." AT: "so that the fortresses are destroyed" or "and he destroys the fortresses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/10.md b/amo/05/10.md index 013a5dbccb..5bc5f5a278 100644 --- a/amo/05/10.md +++ b/amo/05/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## trample down ## +# They hate anyone -"greatly oppress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"The people of Israel hate anyone" + +# you trample down the poor and take portions of wheat from him + +The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. Here "trample down the poor" represents treating poor people badly. AT: "you greatly oppress poor people and take portions of wheat from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# take portions of wheat from him + +"make him give you part of his grain" + +# worked stone + +"cut stones" or "stones that people have cut" + +# you will not drink their wine + +The word "their" refers to the vineyards. This may imply that no one will make the wine, or even that there will not be enough good grapes to make wine. AT: "you will not drink the wine that is made from the grapes in your vineyards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/12.md b/amo/05/12.md index 5ce35d5b98..67281372c3 100644 --- a/amo/05/12.md +++ b/amo/05/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## turn aside the needy in the city gate ## +# afflict the just, take bribes, and turn aside the needy in the city gate -"do not allow the poor to bring their cases to the judges" +This is a list of some of their sins. -## any prudent person is silent ## +# the just -Those who do not want the evil people to harm them will not speak out against the evil deeds. \ No newline at end of file +The word "just" is a nominal adjective that refers to just people. AT: "just people" or "righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# take bribes + +"let people pay you to do bad things" or "let people pay you to lie about people" + +# turn aside the needy in the city gate + +Here "turn aside the needy" represents telling the needy people to leave. It can be made clear why the needy were at the city gate. AT: "do not allow poor people to bring their cases to the judges in the city gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the needy + +The word "needy" is a nominal adjective that refers to people who are in need. AT: "people in need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# any prudent person is silent + +Those who do not want the evil people to harm them will not speak out against the evil deeds. AT: "wise people do not speak about the evil things people are doing" + +# for it is an evil time + +Here "an evil time" represents a time when people are evil and do evil deeds. AT: "for it is a time when people are evil" or "for people do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/14.md b/amo/05/14.md index 8ff37644d8..01c96ab3b6 100644 --- a/amo/05/14.md +++ b/amo/05/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## establish justice in the city gates ## +# Seek good and not evil -or "see that justice is done in the courts at the city gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Seek good" represents choosing to do what good. "Good" and "evil" represent good actions and evil actions. AT: "Choose to do what is good and not what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Hate evil, love good + +"Hate evil actions, and love good actions." Here "good" and "evil" represent good actions and evil actions. + +# establish justice in the city gate + +Here "establish justice" represents making sure that justice is done. AT: "make sure that justice is done in the city gates" or "make sure that the judges make just decisions in the city gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in the city gate + +City gates were where business transactions occurred and judgments were made, because city walls were thick enough to have gateways that produced cool shade from the hot sun AT: "in your courts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the remnant of Joseph + +Here "remnant" refers to people who are still living in Israel after the others are killed or taken away as captives. Here "Joseph" represents the northern kingdom of Israel, whose two largest tribes were the descendants of Joseph. See how you translated "house of Joseph" in [Amos 5:6](./06.md). AT: "the descendants of Joseph who are still alive" or "those of Israel who survive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/16.md b/amo/05/16.md index d094e287cd..dfafed63e8 100644 --- a/amo/05/16.md +++ b/amo/05/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## Wailing ## +# this is what Yahweh says, the God of hosts, the Lord -long, loud, sad cries \ No newline at end of file +"this is what Yahweh, the God of hosts, the Lord says" + +# Wailing will be in all the squares + +"People will wail in all the town squares" + +# Wailing + +long, loud, sad cries + +# the squares + +broad open places in the town where people gather + +# the mourners to wail + +The phrase "they will call" is understood from the beginning of the sentence. AT: "they will call the mourners to wail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I will pass through your midst + +God speaks of punishing the people as if he were to come and punish them while walking through the group of them. AT: "I will come and punish you" or "I will punish you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/18.md b/amo/05/18.md index b733b2cbfd..3e3d51208b 100644 --- a/amo/05/18.md +++ b/amo/05/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Why do you long for the day of Yahweh? ## +# Why do you long for the day of Yahweh? -AT: "You should not long for the day of Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +God uses this question to rebuke the people for saying that they want the day of Yahweh to be soon. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You long for the day of Yahweh." or "You should not long for the day of Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## It will be darkness and not light ## +# It will be darkness and not light -"Bad things, not good things, will happen on that day" +Here "darkness" represents a time when disasters happen, and "light" represents a time when good things happen. AT: "It will be a time of darkness and disaster, not of light and blessing" or "On that day there will be disasters, not blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Will not the day of Yahweh be darkness and not light? ## +# Will not the day of Yahweh be darkness and not light? -AT: "The day of Yahweh will certainly be darkness and not light!" or "Bad things, not good things, will certainly happen on the day of Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This question emphasizes that bad things will happen then. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "The day of Yahweh will certainly be darkness and not light!" or "Bad things, not good things, will certainly happen on the day of Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Gloom and no brightness? + +The words "Will not the day of Yahweh be" is understood from the previous sentence. Like the previous question, it emphasizes that terrible things, not good things, will happen on the day of Yahweh. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "It will be a time of when terrible things, not good things, will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/21.md b/amo/05/21.md index f8ec86bb73..3d12de0571 100644 --- a/amo/05/21.md +++ b/amo/05/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## I hate, I despise your festivals, ## +# I hate, I despise your festivals -AT: "I hate your festivals. I hate them very much." or "I really hate your festivals." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The word "despise" is a strong word for "hate." Together the two words emphasize the intensity of Yahweh's hatred for their religious festivals. AT: "I hate your festivals very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## festivals ## +# I take no delight in your solemn assemblies -times when people celebrate \ No newline at end of file +"Your solemn assemblies do not please me at all" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/23.md b/amo/05/23.md index d18741d96b..1b571b3024 100644 --- a/amo/05/23.md +++ b/amo/05/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## noise ## +# Remove from me the noise of your songs -unpleasant sounds \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the noise of songs as if it could be put somewhere else. It represents stopping singing. AT: "Stop singing your noisy songs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# noise + +unpleasant sounds + +# let justice flow like water, and righteousness like a constantly flowing stream + +This represents causing there to be much justice and righteous. AT: "let there be so much justice that it is like flowing water, and let there be so much righteousness that it is like a constantly flowing stream" or "let justice abound like a flood, and let righteousness abound like a stream that never stops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/25.md b/amo/05/25.md index 0d63d51cfa..aeadc9c0d7 100644 --- a/amo/05/25.md +++ b/amo/05/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Did you bring me sacrifices ...? ## +# Did you bring me sacrifices ... Israel? -AT: Possibly 1) "I did not command you to bring me sacrifices ...!" or 2) "It was not to me that you brought sacrifices ...!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) God uses this question to rebuke them because they did not offer sacrifices. AT: "You did not bring me sacrifices ... Israel," or 2) God uses this question to remind them that the sacrifices were not the most important part about their relationship. AT: "You did not have to bring me sacrifices ... Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Sikkuth ... Kaiwan ## +# Did you bring -pagan gods (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +God speaks as though the Israelites he is speaking to were part of the group that wandered in the wilderness. AT: "Did your ancestors bring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Kaiwan ## +# house of Israel -AT: "Kiyyun" \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated it in [Amos 5:1](./01.md). AT: "you people of Israel" or "you Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You have lifted up the images of Sikkuth ... and Kaiwan + +Here "lifted up the images" represents worshiping them. AT: "You have worshiped the images of Sikkuth ... and Kaiwan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Sikkuth ... Kaiwan + +These are the names of two false gods. The people had made images to represent them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kaiwan + +Some versions write this as "Kiyyun." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/05/intro.md b/amo/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3e2f2a718e --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Amos 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues to be written in a poetic format and foretells the destruction of the kingdom of Israel. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Place Names ##### +This chapter refers to various places in land of Israel (i.e. Gilgal, Bethel, Beersheba). Normally these places have good connotations, but here they are referred to negatively. This is most likely because these cities became known for their idol worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +##### City gate ##### +The "city gate" is mentioned several times. This was a place where people would go with legal and financial issues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/01.md b/amo/06/01.md index d31620205f..1a1f1b79b1 100644 --- a/amo/06/01.md +++ b/amo/06/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## at ease ## +# who are at ease -comfortable and not concerned that God will judge them +"who feel safe." The people are comfortable and not concerned that God will judge them. -## Are they better than your two kingdoms? ## +# the notable men of the best of the nations -AT: "They are no better than your two kingdoms." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"the most important men of this great nation." Yahweh may be using irony to describe how these men think of themselves. AT: "the men who think they are the most important people in the best nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## Is their border larger than your border?" ## +# the house of Israel comes -"Their border is smaller than yours." or "Those countries are smaller than Judah and Samaria." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. AT: "the Israelites come" or "the Israelite people group comes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# comes for help + +Here "comes" can be stated as "goes." AT: "goes for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# Kalneh + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Are they better than your two kingdoms? + +The notable men use this question to emphasize that the kingdoms of Israel and Judah are better than those other kingdoms. AT: "Your two kingdoms are better than they are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is their border larger than your border? + +The notable men use this question to emphasize that their kingdoms are larger than those other kingdoms. AT: "Their border is smaller than yours." or "Those countries are smaller than Judah and Samaria." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/03.md b/amo/06/03.md index e1b199b4b4..c4752d2167 100644 --- a/amo/06/03.md +++ b/amo/06/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## make the throne of violence come near ## +# to those who put off the day of disaster -"act in a way for which God will bring violent people to judge you" +Refusing to believe that Yahweh will cause disaster is spoken of as if the "day of disaster" were an object the people could put far from themselves. AT: "to those who refuse to believe that I will cause them to experience disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the throne of violence ## +# and make the throne of violence come near -"a violent enemy kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "throne" is a metonym that represents reign or rule. The people doing evil things, which causes Yahweh to bring disaster on them, is spoken of as if they were causing "violence" to rule them. AT: "but who are actually causing me to send violent people to destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## lie ... lounge ## +# lie ... lounge -Israelites at that time usually ate while sitting on a floor cloth or a simple seat (see UDB). +Israelites at that time usually ate while sitting on a floor cloth or a simple seat. -## beds of ivory ## +# beds of ivory -"beds with ivory on them to make them look better" or "costly beds" +"beds decorated with ivory" or "costly beds" -## ivory ## +# ivory -teeth and horns of large animals +a white substance made from the teeth and horns of large animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## lounge ## +# lounge -"lie around like people who do not like to work" +"lie around like lazy people" -## couches ## +# couches soft seats large enough to lie down on \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/05.md b/amo/06/05.md index 2d3df642ee..027548a832 100644 --- a/amo/06/05.md +++ b/amo/06/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## they improvise on instruments ## +# they improvise on instruments -Possible meanings: 1) they invent new songs and ways of playing the instruments (see UDB) or 2) they invent new instruments. +Possible meanings: 1) they invent new songs and ways of playing the instruments or 2) they invent new instruments. -## bowls ## +# drink wine from bowls -bowls used in temple services, larger than those used by a person at a meal +This implies that they drink a lot of wine because they drink it from a large bowl rather than a regular wine cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## grieve ## +# they do not grieve over the ruin of Joseph -feel sad, as when a loved one dies \ No newline at end of file +Here "Joseph" represents his descendants. AT: "they do not grieve about the descendants of Joseph whom enemies will soon destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/07.md b/amo/06/07.md index ccc87c3f73..7019942fec 100644 --- a/amo/06/07.md +++ b/amo/06/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Declaration of the Lord Yahweh ## +# they will now go into exile with the first exiles -Translate this as you did in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). +"they will be among the first ones to go into exile" or "I will send them into exile first" -## I hate his fortresses ## +# the feasts of those who lounge about will pass away -"I hate the people of Israel because they trust in their fortresses, not in me, to protect them" +"there will be no more feasts for people to lie around at ease" -## fortresses ## +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts -walls built around cities to protect them from attackers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I detest the pride of Jacob + +Here "Jacob" represents his descendants. AT: "I hate the descendants of Jacob because they have become arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I hate his fortresses + +It is implied that Yahweh hates the fortresses because the people believed the fortresses would keep them safe. AT: "I hate the people of Israel because they trust in their fortresses, not in me, to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/09.md b/amo/06/09.md index 963362a401..9c3c61077f 100644 --- a/amo/06/09.md +++ b/amo/06/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up—the one who is to cremate them after bringing the corpses out of the house—if he says to the person in the house, "Is ...?" ## +# General Information: -The meaning of these words is not clear. Possible meanings: 1) The "man's relative" is the one who will "take their bodies up" and cremate ... the corpses," and he speaks to a person who hid in the house after the ten family members died (see UDB). 2) The "man's relative" who "comes to take their bodies up" is a different person from "the one who is to cremate ... the corpses," and they talk to each other in the house: "a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up with the one who will burn the corpses after they have been brought out of the house—if while they are in the house the relative says to the burner of the corpses, 'Is ...?'" +In 6:9-10 Amos describes a hypothetical situation of what it will be like when Yahweh hands the people of Israel over to their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## cremate ## +# if there are ten men left in one house, they will all die -burn a dead body +This seems to imply that something terrible is happening, and these ten men go into the house to hide. AT: "if ten men are hiding inside of a house, they will all still die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## corpse ## +# a man's relative comes to take their bodies up—the one who is to cremate them after bringing the corpses out of the house—if he says to the person in the house, "Is ... you?" -dead body \ No newline at end of file +The meaning of these words is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) the "man's relative" is the one who will "take their bodies up" and "cremate ... the corpses," and he speaks to a person who hid in the house after the ten family members died or 2) the "man's relative" who "comes to take their bodies up" is a different person from "the one who is to cremate ... the corpses," and they talk to each other in the house. AT: "a man's relative comes to take their bodies up, and the one who will burn the corpses after they have been brought out of the house is with him—if while they are in the house the relative says to the burner of the corpses, 'Is ... you?'" + +# cremate + +to burn a dead body + +# bringing the corpses + +"bringing the dead bodies" + +# Then he will say, "Be quiet, for we must not mention Yahweh's name." + +The meaning of this is not clear. It seems to imply that the one who asked the question is afraid the one answering will mention Yahweh's name carelessly. If he does this, it may draw Yahweh's attention to them, and he may kill them too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/11.md b/amo/06/11.md index e80068b4cf..ad974b3365 100644 --- a/amo/06/11.md +++ b/amo/06/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## look ## +# look -AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"listen" or "pay attention" -## the big house will be smashed to pieces, and the little house to bits ## +# the big house will be smashed to pieces, and the little house to bits -Possible meanings: 1) Yahweh will command others to destroy every house or 2) Yahweh himself will destroy every house himself simply by giving a command. +These two phrases share similar meanings. The contrast between "the big house" and "the little house" means that this refers to all houses. AT: "all the houses will be smashed into small pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## big house ... and ... little house ## +# the big house will be smashed to pieces -all houses (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the enemy will smash the big house to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## pieces ... and ... bits ## +# to pieces ... to bits -You can use the same word for both if you need to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can use the same word for both of these phrases. + +# the little house to bits + +This can be stated with the understood information included. AT: "enemies will smash the little house to bits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/12.md b/amo/06/12.md index b338a456d7..a9adc2accb 100644 --- a/amo/06/12.md +++ b/amo/06/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Yet you have turned justice into poison ## +# General Information: -"But you make laws that hurt innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Amos uses two rhetorical questions to draw attention to the rebuke that follows. -## and the fruit of righteousness into bitterness ## +# Do horses run on the rocky cliffs? -"and you punish those who do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +It is impossible for a horse to run on rocky cliffs without getting hurt. Amos uses this rhetorical question to rebuke them for their actions. AT: "Horses do not run on rocky cliffs." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Lodebar ... Karnaim ## +# Does one plow there with oxen? -No one knows where these towns were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +One does not plow on rocky ground. Amos uses this rhetorical question to rebuke them for their actions. AT: "A person does not plow with oxen on rocky ground." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Yet you have turned justice into poison + +Distorting what is just is spoken of as if the leaders "turned justice into poison." AT: "Yet you distort what is just" or "But you make laws that hurt innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the fruit of righteousness into bitterness + +This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Distorting what is right is spoken of as if righteousness were a sweet fruit that the people made bitter tasting. AT: "you distort what is right" or "you punish those who do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Lo Debar ... Karnaim + +These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Have we not taken Karnaim by our own strength? + +The people use a question to emphasize that they believe they captured a city because of their own power. AT: "We captured Karnaim by our own power!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/14.md b/amo/06/14.md index 0929be5749..c9bc0e28e1 100644 --- a/amo/06/14.md +++ b/amo/06/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## look ## +# look -AT: “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"listen" or "pay attention" -## declaration of the Lord Yahweh ## +# house of Israel -Translate this as you did in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). +Here "house" represents people. AT: "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## from Lebo Hamath to the Brook of the Arabah ## +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts -AT: "from the northern border of your nation to the southern border" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## brook ## +# from Lebo Hamath to the brook of the Arabah + +Here "Lebo Hamath" represents the northern border of Israel, and "brook of the Arabah" represents the southern border. AT: "from the northern border of your nation to the southern border" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# brook a small river that flows only during the wet season \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/06/intro.md b/amo/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9bde89ffed --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Amos 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues to be written in poetic style except for verses 9-10, which are in prose. These two verses contain many interested features. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +Verses 9-10 will probably be difficult to translate because the situation is vague and details don't appear to align easily. It is appropriate to translate these verses with some ambiguity remaining. It may be helpful to read many different versions prior to translating these verses. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/01.md b/amo/07/01.md index 78027dfed1..226da80142 100644 --- a/amo/07/01.md +++ b/amo/07/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Look ... look ## +# Look ... look The writer is telling the reader that he is about to say something surprising. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## how will Jacob survive? ## +# locust -AT: "Jacob cannot survive!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Amos 4:9](../04/08.md). + +# after the king's harvest + +"after the king takes his share from the harvest" + +# please forgive + +The words "your people" or "us" are understood. AT: "please forgive your people" or "please forgive us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# how will Jacob survive? For he is so small + +Here "Jacob" represents his descendants the Israelites. AT: "how will the Israelites survive? We are so small and weak!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/04.md b/amo/07/04.md index bb838dddca..ad27b40f1a 100644 --- a/amo/07/04.md +++ b/amo/07/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Look ## +# Look The writer is telling the reader that something surprising is about to happen. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## how will Jacob survive? ## +# the Lord Yahweh called on fire to judge -AT: "Jacob will certainly not survive!" or "please tell Jacob what he needs to do so he can survive!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the Lord Yahweh used burning fire to punish the people" + +# how will Jacob survive? For he is so small + +Here "Jacob" represents his descendants the Israelites. See how you translated this in [Amos 7:2](./01.md). AT: "how will the Israelites survive? We are so small and weak!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/07.md b/amo/07/07.md index f217424300..2dc7990b83 100644 --- a/amo/07/07.md +++ b/amo/07/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## plumb line ## +# plumb line -thin rope with a weight at one end used in building to make sure walls stand straight up and down \ No newline at end of file +thin rope with a weight at one end used in building to make sure walls stand straight up and down + +# what do you see? + +Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. AT: "tell me what you see." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I will put a plumb line among my people Israel + +Judging the people and determining they are wicked is spoken of as if the Israelites were a wall, and Yahweh determines the wall is not straight by using a plumb line. AT: "my people Israel are wicked. They are like a wall that is not straight up and down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/09.md b/amo/07/09.md index b8a19cec81..2df27b8578 100644 --- a/amo/07/09.md +++ b/amo/07/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Isaac ... Israel ## +# The high places of Isaac will be destroyed, the sanctuaries of Israel will be ruined, and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword -the people of the northern kingdom of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "sword" represents an army. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will send an army to attack the house of Jeroboam, and the army will destroy the high places of Isaac and the sanctuaries of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Isaac ... Israel + +Both of these represent the people of Israel. AT: "the descendants of Isaac ... the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Jeroboam + +Here "house" represents "family." Translate "Jeroboam" as you did in [Amos 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "Jeroboam and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/10.md b/amo/07/10.md index 2490709102..b0272edfe9 100644 --- a/amo/07/10.md +++ b/amo/07/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the priest ## +# Amaziah, the priest of Bethel -Possible meanings: 1) Amaziah was the only priest at Bethel (see UDB) or 2) Amaziah was the leader of the priests at Bethel. +Possible meanings: 1) Amaziah was the only priest at Bethel or 2) Amaziah was the leader of the priests at Bethel. -## Amos has conspired against you in the middle of the house of Israel ## +# Amaziah -AT: "Amos is right here in the land of Israel, and he is planning to do bad things to you" +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## The land cannot bear all his words ## +# Amos has conspired against you in the middle of the house of Israel -"The people might believe him and then do things that destroy the nation" \ No newline at end of file +Here "house" represents "people." AT: "Amos is right here among the Israelites, and he is planning to do bad things to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The land cannot bear all his words + +Here "land" represents "people." Disrupting the peace is spoken of as if Amos's words were a heavy object that the land could not carry. AT: "What his is saying disturb the peace among the people" or "His message will cause trouble among the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jeroboam will die by the sword + +Here "sword" represents the enemies. AT: "Enemies will kill Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/12.md b/amo/07/12.md index c493a6d1aa..264238e362 100644 --- a/amo/07/12.md +++ b/amo/07/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## there eat bread and prophesy ## +# there eat bread and prophesy -"see if you can get the people there to pay you for prophesying" \ No newline at end of file +Here "eat bread" is an idiom that means to earn money or make a living for doing something. AT: "see if you can get the people there to pay you for prophesying" or "prophesy there and let them provide you with food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for it is the king's sanctuary and a royal house + +Here "king's sanctuary" and "royal house" refer to the same place. AT: "this is where the national temple is, the place where the king worships" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/14.md b/amo/07/14.md index db5c647e70..7e7639302e 100644 --- a/amo/07/14.md +++ b/amo/07/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## herdsman ## +# herdsman -Possible meanings 1) one who takes care of sheep (see UDB and [Amos 1:1](../01/01.md), where a different word is used for "shepherd," and 7:15) or 2) one who takes care of animals like cows. \ No newline at end of file +This here probably means "one who takes care of sheep" since he is called a "shepherd" in [Amos 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# sycamore fig trees + +Sycamores are broad trees that grow up to 15 meters tall. AT: "fig trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/16.md b/amo/07/16.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..33a37ca54c --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/07/16.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Now + +Here the word "now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# do not speak against the house of Isaac + +Here "house" represents the family or descendants of Isaac. AT: "do not speak against the descendants of Isaac" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your sons and your daughters will fall by the sword + +Here "sword" represents enemies. AT: "enemies will kill your sons and daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your land will be measured and divided up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "other people will take your land and divide it up among themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# an unclean land + +A land full of people that are unacceptable to God is spoken of as if the land were physically unclean. Here it means a land other than Israel. AT: "a foreign land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/07/intro.md b/amo/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8c61055cbc --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Amos 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is mainly written as a narrative about the prophet Amos interacting with Yahweh. Yahweh presents three different scenarios of judgment before Amos who pleads with God and he does not carry out His judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Reported speech ##### +In the latter part of the chapter, it is important to follow the conversation carefully to understand who is speaking. There are some instances of "reported speech." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/08/01.md b/amo/08/01.md index 99da8bd242..c7cd251bbf 100644 --- a/amo/08/01.md +++ b/amo/08/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Look ## +# Look, a basket of summer fruit! -AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +The word "look" here shows that Amos saw something interesting. AT: "I saw a basket of summer fruit!" -## declaration of the Lord Yahweh ## +# summer fruit -Translate this as you did in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). +"ripe fruit" -## in every place ## +# What do you see, Amos? -"in many places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. AT: "Tell me what you see, Amos." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# in that day + +"at that time" + +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 4:5](../04/04.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Silence! + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is to telling the people to be silent as they hear about the severity of his punishment or 2) the people will be silent because of their grief after Yahweh's punishment. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/08/04.md b/amo/08/04.md index 8560371686..dbeae1be75 100644 --- a/amo/08/04.md +++ b/amo/08/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## you who trample ... and remove ## +# Listen to this -Amos is speaking to those who "sell" and "market" (8:5). +Amos is speaking to the wealthy merchants who harm those who are poor. -## trample ## +# you who trample the needy and remove the poor of the land -See how you translated this in [Amos 2:7](../02/07.md). +This can be restated to remove the nominal adjectives "the needy" and "the poor." AT: "you who trample those who are in need and remove those in the land that are poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## They say, "When will the new moon be over, so we can sell grain again? And the Sabbath, when will it be over, so that we can market wheat? ... sandals." ## +# you who trample -"They are always asking when the new moon will be over so they can sell grain again, and when the Sabbath will be over so they can market wheat. ... sandals." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +Harming people is spoken of as if it were stomping on people. AT: "you who harm" or "you who oppress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## We will make the measure small and increase the price, as we cheat with false scales ## +# They say, "When will the new moon be over, so we can sell grain again? When will the Sabbath day be over, so that we can sell wheat? -The grain sellers would use false scales that showed that the amount of grain they were giving was greater than it really was and that the weight of the payment was less than it really was. \ No newline at end of file +The merchants use theses question to emphasize that want to start selling their items again. This can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "They are always asking when the new moon will be over or when the Sabbath will be over so that can sell their grain and wheat again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# We will make the measure small and increase the price, as we cheat with false scales + +The merchants would use false scales that showed that the amount of grain they were giving was greater than it really was and that the weight of the payment was less than it really was. + +# the needy for a pair of sandals + +The words "and buy" are understood. AT: "buy the needy for a pair of sandals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/08/07.md b/amo/08/07.md index 9bf23759e1..a8a02f8e80 100644 --- a/amo/08/07.md +++ b/amo/08/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Yahweh has sworn by the pride of Jacob ## +# Yahweh has sworn by the pride of Jacob -"Yahweh has sworn by himself, saying" or "Yahweh, of whom Jacob is so proud, has sworn" +Here "pride of Jacob" is a title for Yahweh. Also "Jacob" represents his descendants, the Israelites. AT: "Yahweh has sworn by himself, saying" or "Yahweh, of whom the Israelites are so proud, has sworn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## River of Egypt ## +# Will not the land quake for this, and every one who lives in it mourn? -another name for the Nile River \ No newline at end of file +Amos uses a question to emphasize that these things will certainly happen. AT: "Yahweh will cause the land to shake, and every one who lives in it will mourn." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# All of it will rise up like the Nile River ... like the river of Egypt + +Amos compares the rising and sinking of the waters of the Nile River to how Yahweh will cause the land to shake when he judges the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# river of Egypt + +This is another name for the Nile River. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/08/09.md b/amo/08/09.md index 05f5d99b0e..c0d92b28b3 100644 --- a/amo/08/09.md +++ b/amo/08/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## declaration of the Lord Yahweh ## +# It will come in that day -Translate this as you did in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). \ No newline at end of file +"It will happen at that time" + +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 4:5](../04/04.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# have baldness on every head + +A person shaves his head to show that he is grieving. AT: "cause you all to shave your heads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# like mourning for an only son + +It is understood that the only son has died. AT: "like mourning for an only son who has died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# a bitter day to its end + +Terrible and sad things happening during a day is spoken of as if the day had a bitter taste. AT: "everything that happens at that time will cause you great sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/08/11.md b/amo/08/11.md index 15ca6f1313..63f677208e 100644 --- a/amo/08/11.md +++ b/amo/08/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## declaration of the Lord Yahweh ## +# the days are coming -Translate this as you did in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). +This speaks of a future time as if "days are coming." AT: "there will be a time" or "in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They will stagger ... they will run ## +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh -Some will walk slowly and fall down easily, like a person who is starving, and others will here and there quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 4:5](../04/04.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## from sea to sea, they will run from the north to the east, to seek the word ## +# when I will send a famine in the land ... but for hearing the words of Yahweh -Possible meanings: 1) see UDB, or 2) "from sea to sea and from the north to the east. They will be running to seek the word." +Yahweh refusing to give messages when the people want to hear from him is spoken of as if there would be a famine of his words. AT: "when I will cause something like a famine in the land ... but for hearing the words of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## from sea to sea ... from the north to the east ## +# the words of Yahweh -For a person standing at Bethel, this could be a circle: Dead Sea (south) to the Mediterranean (west) to north to east. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in first person. AT: "words from me, Yahweh" or "my messages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# They will stagger from sea to sea; they will run from the north to the east to seek the word of Yahweh + +Here "sea to sea" and "the north to the east" represent all of the land of Israel. AT: "They will wander here and there and search all over for the word of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# from sea to sea + +This implies the Dead Sea in the south and the Mediterranean Sea in the west. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/08/13.md b/amo/08/13.md index 8fecd6ed94..c217d67d80 100644 --- a/amo/08/13.md +++ b/amo/08/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## faint ## +# In that day -lose all their strength \ No newline at end of file +"At that time" + +# faint + +to lose all strength + +# by the sin of Samaria + +Here "sin" represents the false god the people worship in Samaria. AT: "by the false god of Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# As your god lives, Dan + +This is a way of making a solemn oath. The people declare that they believe the god of Dan is certainly alive to emphasize that they will certainly do what they promise to do. + +# As the way to Beersheba exists + +This is probably a reference to the roads that pilgrims would take to Beersheba in order to worship idols there. Again, this is a way of making a solemn oath. They state that the way to Beersheba certainly exists in order to emphasize that they will certainly do what they promise to do. + +# they will fall + +This is an idiom. AT: "they will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/08/intro.md b/amo/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a227397abb --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Amos 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written in poetic form and it shows the way Yahweh's people are sinning and +how he is going to respond. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "This is the declaration of Yahweh" ##### + +This phrase is used to introduce prophecy. It highlights what God is proclaiming. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/01.md b/amo/09/01.md index a4515cd80e..8ec6a76414 100644 --- a/amo/09/01.md +++ b/amo/09/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## Break them ## +# General Information: -Possible meanings: 1) break the pieces of the temple (see UDB) or 2) break the tops of the pillars. +Yahweh shows Amos another vision. -## Though they dig into Sheol, there my hand will take them. Though they climb up to heaven, there I will bring them down ## +# Strike the tops ... Break them -AT: "No matter where they try to go, I will be there to catch them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is uncertain to whom Yahweh is speaking these commands. + +# Strike the tops of the pillars so that the foundations will shake + +It is implied that Yahweh is speaking about the pillars and foundations of a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that the foundations will shake + +Here "foundations" represents the whole temple. AT: "so that the whole temple will shake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Break them in pieces on all of their heads + +Here "heads" represents the whole person. AT: "Break the pillars so that the temple falls on all of the people and kills them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I will kill the last of them with the sword + +Here "sword" represents an army attacking with their weapons. AT: "I will send an enemy army to kill the rest of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Though they dig into Sheol, there my hand will take them. Though they climb up to heaven, there I will bring them down + +Yahweh uses an exaggerated image of people fleeing to Sheol or heaven to try to escape being killed. Here "Sheol" and "heaven" are a merism that represents all places. AT: "Even if they were to flee to Sheol or to heaven, they would not be able to escape me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# there my hand will take them + +Here "hand" represents Yahweh's power. AT: "I will pull them up from there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/03.md b/amo/09/03.md index 2c2defd17a..74657abfb5 100644 --- a/amo/09/03.md +++ b/amo/09/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## serpent ## +# Though they hide on the top of Carmel ... Though they are hidden from my sight in the bottom of the sea -an unknown fierce sea animal (see UDB), not the snake in the garden of Eden and not a common snake +Yahweh gives an exaggerated image of the people fleeing to the top of mount Carmel or to the bottom of the sea to escape being killed. Here "top of Carmel" and "bottom of the sea" are a merism that represents all places. AT: "Even if they were to hide on the top of Carmel ... Even if they tried to go the bottom sea, thinking that I could not see them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## I will keep my eyes on them ## +# serpent -If your language has words that usually mean the speaker wants to do others good but can also be used when the speaker wants to do harm, you may want to use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +an unknown fierce sea animal, not the snake in the garden of Eden and not a common snake -## and not for good ## +# Though they go into captivity, driven by their enemies before them -words to make sure the hearer understands "for harm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Though enemies capture them and force them to go to a foreign land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there will I give orders to the sword, and it will kill them + +Here "sword" represents their enemies. AT: "there I will cause their enemies to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will keep my eyes on them for harm and not for good + +Here "eyes" represents seeing. The phrase "keep my eyes on them" is an idiom that means to watch closely. AT: "I will watch closely and make sure only bad things happen to them and not good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/05.md b/amo/09/05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6409d4215b --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/09/05.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# all of it will rise up like the River, and sink again like the river of Egypt + +Here "the River" and "river of Egypt" both refer to the Nile river. Yahweh causing the land to shake violently is compared to the waters of the Nile river rising and sinking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he who builds his steps in the heavens + +These are probably the steps that ancient people imagined led up to God's palace in the heavens. However, some modern versions wish to read a different Hebrew word meaning "palace" or "rooms." Here "his steps" probably is a metonym for God's palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has established his vault over the earth + +Here "vault" refers to the sky which biblical writers described as being a dome over the earth. AT: "he sets the sky over the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He calls for the waters of the sea ... on the surface of the earth + +This represents God causing the sea water to fall on the earth as rain. See how you translated this in [Amos 5:8](../05/08.md). AT: "He takes the waters of the sea and makes them rain down on the surface of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh is his name + +By declaring his name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things. See how you translated this in [Amos 5:8](../05/08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/07.md b/amo/09/07.md index 58b6700ed2..5d49ab104c 100644 --- a/amo/09/07.md +++ b/amo/09/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## declaration of Yahweh ## +# Are you not like the people of Cush to me, people of Israel? -Translate these words as you did in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Israel are no more special to him than the people of Cush. AT: "You people of Israel, you are certainly now no more important to me than the people of Cush." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Did I not bring up Israel out of the land of Egypt, the Philistines from Crete, and the Arameans from Kir? + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Israel are no more special than the Philistines or the Arameans. AT: "Yes, I brought the people of Israel from the land of Egypt, but I also brought the Philistines from Crete and the Arameans from Kir." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Kir + +See how you translated the name of this place in [Amos 1:5](../01/05.md). + +# the eyes of the Lord Yahweh are on the sinful kingdom + +Here "eyes" represents seeing. Also, Yahweh speaks of himself in third person. AT: "I, the Lord Yahweh, see that the people of this kingdom are very sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will destroy it from the face of the earth + +The idiom "from the face of the earth" means "completely." AT: "I will completely destroy this kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the house of Jacob + +Here "house" represents a family. And, "Jacob" represents his descendants. AT: "the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/09.md b/amo/09/09.md index c8cbd04d42..0560c2a7be 100644 --- a/amo/09/09.md +++ b/amo/09/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## one shakes grain in a sieve, so that not the smallest stone will fall to the ground ## +# the house of Israel -The picture here is of grain falling through the sieve and stones being kept out. Some versions understand "not the smallest stone will fall" to mean the good grain will not fall through the sieve with the unwanted material. +Here "house" represents the people. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## sieve ## +# I will shake the house of Israel ... as one shakes grain in a sieve, so that not the smallest stone will fall to the ground -a surface with many small holes that allow small things to pass through and keep larger things from passing through \ No newline at end of file +The picture here is of grain falling through the sieve and stones being kept out. The idea is that Yahweh will remove all of the sinful people from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# sieve + +a surface with many small holes that allow small things to pass through and keep larger things from passing through + +# All the sinners of my people will die by the sword + +Here "sword" represents their enemies. AT: "Enemies will kill all the sinners of my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Disaster will not overtake or meet us + +Experiencing disaster is spoken of as disaster could overtake or meet someone. AT: "We will not experience disaster" or "Bad things will not happen to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/11.md b/amo/09/11.md index 68fab13011..b11cdba0ba 100644 --- a/amo/09/11.md +++ b/amo/09/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## tent ... breaches ... ruins ## +# In that day -After Yahweh destroys the kingdom of Israel, it will be like a tent whose wooden poles have collapsed, a wall that has been broken down in some places, and a house that has been torn down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"At that time" -## breaches ## +# I will raise up the tent of David that has fallen + +Causing the people of Israel to be great again is spoken of as if David's kingdom were a tent that fell down and Yahweh will set it back up. AT: "David's kingdom will be like tent that has fallen down, but I will raise it back up again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# close up its breaches + +"I will repair its walls" + +# I will raise up its ruins, and rebuild it as in the days of old + +"I will rebuild its ruins and make it strong like it was long ago" + +# breaches parts of a wall that have fallen down -## ruins ## +# the remnant of Edom -what is left when a building is destroyed \ No newline at end of file +"the remaining part of Edom's territory" + +# all the nations that are called by my name + +Here "name" represents Yahweh. The idiom "called by my name" means they once belonged to Yahweh. This means that in the past the people had conquered and taken control of these territories. AT: "all the nations that once belonged to me" or "all the nations that I caused the people of Israel to conquer in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/13.md b/amo/09/13.md index 90a2b84417..54a38fbd66 100644 --- a/amo/09/13.md +++ b/amo/09/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Look ## +# Look -The writer is telling the reader that he is going to say something surprising. Your language may have a way of doing this. \ No newline at end of file +The writer is telling the reader that he is going to say something surprising. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# the days will come ... when the plowman + +A future time is spoken of as if "days will come." AT: "there will be a time ... when the plowman" or "in the future ... the plowman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when the plowman ... him who plants seed + +These are two images of Yahweh restoring prosperity in Israel. This means grain will grow faster than the people can harvest it, and there will be so many grapes, those crushing the grapes will still be working when farmers start planting more vineyards. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# The mountains will drip sweet wine, and all the hills will flow with it + +These two lines mean basically the same thing. The huge amount of grapes and wine in Israel is spoken of as if wine flows down the hills and mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/14.md b/amo/09/14.md index 3232bb3796..9fd291262b 100644 --- a/amo/09/14.md +++ b/amo/09/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## they will never again be uprooted from the land ## +# I will plant them upon their land, and they will never again be uprooted from the land -AT: "no one will ever again uproot them from the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) "they will live forever in the land like a plant that keeps its roots in the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Bringing the people back to their land and keeping them safe from enemies is spoken of as if Israel were a plant that Yahweh would put in the ground and not let anyone pull the plant up from the ground. AT: "I will cause them to live in the land forever like a plant that is never uprooted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## uproot ## +# they will never again be uprooted from the land -pull a plant and its roots out of the ground \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will ever again uproot them from the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# uprooted + +for a plant and its roots to be pulled out of the ground \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/09/intro.md b/amo/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2bca66be0e --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Amos 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written in poetic form and continues to show the awesome and terrible judgment of Yahweh on his people. In verse 11, the writer writes about the forgiveness and mercy of God on the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The declaration of Yahweh" ##### +This phrase is used to introduce prophecy. It highlights what God is proclaiming. Try to remain consistent in translating this phrase throughout the book. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Amos 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/front/intro.md b/amo/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e9d5268d04 --- /dev/null +++ b/amo/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +# Introduction to Amos # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Amos #### + +1. The author, Amos, and his background and calling (1:1) +1. The oracles of judgment + - Judgment on the nations surrounding Yahweh's people (1:2–2:3) + - Judgment on the southern kingdom (2:4–5) + - Judgment on the northern kingdom (2:6–16) + - Various judgments on Israel (3:1–6:14) +1. The visions of judgment + - Final judgment (7:1–17) + - The basket of ripe fruit as a picture of judgment (8:1–14) +1. Yahweh stands beside his altar and proclaims the final message + - Summary of all the visions (9:1–10) + - Vision of the restoration of Israel and descendants of David as kings (9:11–15) + +#### What is the Book of Amos about? #### + +Amos began his work about 760 BC. He was not a professional prophet, but he spoke Yahweh's messages against the wicked behavior of God's people, both in the southern kingdom of Judah, where his home was, and in the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +Yahweh gave Amos the "judgment prophecies" found in the first six chapters of the book to proclaim to the people. Each of them begins with the phrase "This is what Yahweh says" (ULB). + +The last part of the book of Amos has three visions of the coming judgment from God. The final vision promises both destruction and rescue (9:11-15). The "tent of David" would be raised up again, that is, David's descendants would provide kings once again to the throne of Israel. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The Book of Amos may also be called the "The Book of the Sayings of Amos." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Amos? #### + +It is likely that Amos wrote this book. Amos came from a poor family—from farmers and herdsmen. They grew sycamore trees, he may have had cows (based on the description of him in 7:14, 15), and he was a shepherd (See: [Amos 1:1](../01/01.md)). Though Amos was a farmer, he demonstrates a very thorough knowledge, even extensive understanding, of the law of Moses, but he was not formally trained. There is no record of another prophet ordaining him. However, Amos was one of the most eloquent of the prophets. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is social justice? #### + +A major focus of Amos's ministry is on justice. A godly society or community was to be just. Amos describes this as fair treatment of the poor, helping orphans and widows and obeying Yahweh. Amos explains that Yahweh would prefer that the people act justly rather than sacrifice to him. This is true obedience to the Law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### What is a lawsuit? #### + +Many cultures have a process for resolving disputes through the use of courts. These legal disputes are called lawsuits. There are various legal terms in Amos, and part of the book presents events in a courtroom. The people are introduced, the problem is explained, the people are examined, witnesses speak, and a verdict is given. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"? #### + +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who was also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the kingdom of Judah. In Amos, "Israel" almost exclusively refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. + +#### Where do narrative sequences begin and end? #### + +The structure of the Book of Amos has caused difficulties in understanding how Amos's thoughts flow. It may be helpful to solve these issues with carefully divided lines or paragraphs. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/01.md b/col/01/01.md index 8684721b85..7115475e56 100644 --- a/col/01/01.md +++ b/col/01/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,15 @@ -(This is a letter from Paul and Timothy to the Colossian believers.) +# General Information: -## an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God ## +Though this letter is from Paul and Timothy to the Colossian believers, later in the letter Paul makes it clear that he is the writer. Most likely Timothy was with him and wrote the words down as Paul spoke. -"chosen by God to be an apostle of Christ Jesus" +# General Information: -## our brother ## +Throughout this letter the words "we," "our," and "ours" include the Colossians unless noted otherwise. The words "you," "your," and "yours" refer to the Colossian believers and so are plural unless noted otherwise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -Paul includes his audience in "our". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +# an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God -## set apart for God ## +"whom God chose to be an apostle of Christ Jesus" -Means morally blameless or consecrated or holy ones. AT: "saints". +# We give ... our Lord ... we always -## Grace to you ## - -To give or wish a blessing upon another. - -## Grace to you ## - -"you" refers to the Colossian saints and faithful brethren. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pluralpronouns]]) - -## we always pray for you ## - -AT: "we prayed very often and sincerely for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +These words do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/04.md b/col/01/04.md index ac60280fac..f7cf912981 100644 --- a/col/01/04.md +++ b/col/01/04.md @@ -1,39 +1,23 @@ -## We have heard ## +# We have heard -Paul is excluding his audience in "we". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Paul is excluding his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## your faith in Christ Jesus ## +# your faith in Christ Jesus "your belief in Christ Jesus" -## your faith…you have…for you ## +# because of the confident expectation reserved for you in heaven -"you" refers to the Colossian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pluralpronouns]]) +Here "confident expectation" stands for what the believer can confidently expect, that is, the things that God has promised to do for all believers. These things are spoken of as if they were physical objects that God was keeping in heaven for the believers to possess later. AT: "because you are certain that God, who is in heaven, will do the many good things that he has promised you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## of the love that you have for all those ## +# This gospel is bearing fruit and is growing -"that you love all those" (UDB) +Paul is speaking here of the gospel as if it were a tree or plant that grows and produces food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## set apart for God ## +# in all the world -This means to be pure or free from sin and useful for God. AT: "saints". +This is a generalization referring to the part of the world that they knew about. AT: "throughout the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## because of the confident expectation reserved in heaven ## +# the grace of God in truth -"which is the result of your sure hope of what God has kept in heaven". - -## confident expectation ## - -“hope that you hold firmly” - -## bearing fruit and is growing ## - -This metaphor compares a tree or plant that produces food and grows to the gospel which changes people and spreads throughout the world as many more people believe it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## in all the world ## - -This is a hyperbole. The gospel is spreading and growing throughout the known world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) - -## the grace of God in truth ## - -"the true grace of God" or "the true favor of God". \ No newline at end of file +"the true grace of God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/07.md b/col/01/07.md index 6afa73f4cd..9fb8821ef8 100644 --- a/col/01/07.md +++ b/col/01/07.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## It is just as you learned it from Epaphras ## +# our beloved ... our behalf ... to us -"it is just as Epaphras taught you" or "you have thoroughly understood what Epaphras taught you". +The words "our" and "us" do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## It is just ## +# gospel as you learned it from Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who -"it" refers to the effect or results of the gospel message in their (the Colossian believers) lives. +"gospel. It is exactly what you learned from Epaphras, who is our beloved fellow servant and who" or "gospel. It is exactly what Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, taught you. He" -## you learned ## +# Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who is a faithful servant of Christ on our behalf -The Colosian believers. +Here "on our behalf" means that Epaphras was doing work for Christ that Paul himself would have done if he were not in prison. -## Epaphras ## +# Epaphras -Epaphras was the person who preached the gospel to the people in Colossae. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +the man who preached the gospel to the people in Colossae (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## our beloved…to us ## +# your love in the Spirit -the words "our" and "us" refers to Paul and his coworkers but not the Colossian believers. - -## He has revealed to us ## - -"Epaphras has made know to us" - -## your love in the Spirit ## - -"The Holy Spirit has enabled you to love believers" \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of the Holy Spirit as if he were a place in which the believers were located. AT: "how the Holy Spirit has enabled you to love believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/09.md b/col/01/09.md index 933be0eff2..48ca88998b 100644 --- a/col/01/09.md +++ b/col/01/09.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## because of this love ## +# Connecting Statement: -"because the Holy Spirit has enabled you to love other believers" +Because the Spirit has enabled them to love others, Paul prays for them and tells them here how he prays for them. -## from the day we heard about you ## +# Because of this love -"from the day Epaphras told us about you" +"Because the Holy Spirit has enabled you to love other believers" -## we heard ## +# we heard ... we have not stopped ... We have been asking ... We have been praying -refers to Paul and Timothy but not the Colossian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +These words do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## we have not stopped praying ## +# from the day we heard this -"we have prayed often and sincerely to God". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +"from the day Epaphras told us these things" -## asking that you will be filled with the knowledge of his will ## +# that you will be filled with the knowledge of his will -"we are asking God that He will fill you with the knowledge to do His will" +Paul speaks of the Colossian believers as though they were containers. AT: "that God will fill you with what you need to know so that you can do his will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in all wisdom and spiritual understanding ## +# in all wisdom and spiritual understanding -"wisdom and understanding given by the Holy Spirit" +", so that the Holy Spirit will make you wise and able to understand what God wants you to do" -## that you may walk worthily of the Lord in all approval ## +# that you will walk worthily of the Lord -"that you live in a way that the Lord would approve. +Walking here signifies behavior in life. AT: "that you will live the way God expects you to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## bear fruit ## +# in pleasing ways -This metaphor compares a fruitful plant to the good works of a believer. As plant grows and bears fruit, so also believers are to grow in knowing God and bear fruit by doing good deeds. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"in ways that will please the Lord" + +# will bear fruit + +Paul is speaking of the Colossian believers as if they were trees or plants. As a plant grows and bears fruit, so also believers are to keep getting to know God better and doing good deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/11.md b/col/01/11.md index e714636f48..a8a34257c7 100644 --- a/col/01/11.md +++ b/col/01/11.md @@ -1,39 +1,23 @@ -## We pray you ## +# We pray -"we" Paul and Timothy but not the Colossians (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) "pray you" the Colossian believers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The word "we" refers to Paul and Timothy but not to the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## may be strengthened in every ability according ​to the power of his glory ## +# into all perseverance and patience -"may be given strength in every ability by his glorious might". +Paul speaks of the Colossian believers as if God would move them into a location of perseverance and patience. In reality, he is praying that they will never stop trusting in God and that they will be completely patient as they honor him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## into all perseverance and patience ## +# has made you able to have a share -"to never quit believing and to be patient" +"has allowed you to share" -## as you joyfully give thanks to the Father ## +# has made you able -"as you give thanks with a joyful attitude to the Father" +Here Paul is focusing on his readers as receivers of God's blessings. But he does not mean that he himself has no share in those blessings. -## has qualified us for a share ## +# inheritance -The Father has accepted us to share +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## has qualified us ## +# in light -Paul is including the colossian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) - -## for a share in the inheritance ## - -"to receive a part of the inheritance" - -## in light ## - -"in the glory of his presence" - -## for those set apart ## - -“for those without moral fault” or "selected for special use". AT: “saints”. - -## for him ## - -"for the Father" \ No newline at end of file +This idea is opposite to the idea of the dominion of darkness in the next verse. AT: "in the glory of his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/13.md b/col/01/13.md index 5c197439fd..8ce7890c0d 100644 --- a/col/01/13.md +++ b/col/01/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## He has rescued ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul talks about the ways in which Christ is excellent. + +# He has rescued "God the Father has rescued" -## transferred us ## +# the dominion of darkness -"moved us". "us includes both Paul and the Colossian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Darkness is a common picture in the scriptures for evil. AT: "the power of evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his beloved Son ## +# his beloved Son -"God the Father's beloved son, Jesus Christ" +"God the Father's beloved Son, Jesus Christ" -## In his Son we have redemption ## +# In his Son we have redemption -"His Son redeems us" +Paul often speaks as if the believers were "in" Jesus Christ or "in" God. AT: "By means of his Son we have redemption" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the forgiveness of sins ## +# redemption, the forgiveness of sins -"His son forgives our sins" or "The Father forgives us through His Son" \ No newline at end of file +"redemption; his Son forgives our sins" or "redemption; the Father forgives us through his Son" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/15.md b/col/01/15.md index 808bc29563..04cbcee91a 100644 --- a/col/01/15.md +++ b/col/01/15.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## The Son is the image of the invisible God ## +# The Son is the image of the invisible God -by knowing what Jesus the son is like, we can know what God the father is like. +Here "image" does not mean a representation of something that is visible. Instead, "image" here means that by knowing the Son, we learn what God the Father is like. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He is the firstborn ## +# Son -"The Son is the firstborn". Nothing existed before the son. +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## because by him ## +# He is the firstborn -"because by the Son" +"The Son is the firstborn." The expression "firstborn Son" does not refer to Jesus' birth in Bethlehem. Instead, it refers to the Son's position as the eternal Son of God the Father. In this sense, "firstborn" is a metaphor meaning "most important." Jesus is the most important and the unique "Son" of God. He is God. The word "Son" shows Jesus' intimate relationship with the Father. That relationship cannot be understood until and unless you use your language's words for "son" and "father." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## because by him all things were created ## +# For by him all things were created -"because the Son created all things" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Because the Son created all things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Whether thrones or dominions or principalities or authorities, all things were created by him and for him. ## +# Whether thrones or dominions or governments or authorities, all things were created by him and for him -The Son created all things for himself, including thrones, dominions, principalities and authorities. +The Son created all things for himself, including thrones, dominions, principalities, and authorities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## principalities ## +# He is before all things -lands governed by princes. +"He existed before all things" -## He is before all things ## +# in him all things hold together -"He existed before all things." - -## in him all things hold together ## - -"he holds everything together." (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Paul is speaking here of the Son controlling all things as if he were physically holding them together. "he holds everything together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/18.md b/col/01/18.md index bfb45e9ef8..8accd7ef48 100644 --- a/col/01/18.md +++ b/col/01/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## he is the head ## +# He is the head "Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is the head" -## He is the head of the church, his body ## +# He is the head of the body, the church -This metaphor compares Jesus position to the church to the head on human body. As the head rules the body, so does Jesus rule the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of Jesus' position over the church as if he were the head on the human body. As the head rules the body, so does Jesus rule the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## originating authority ## +# the beginning -first chief or founder. Jesus started the Church. +"the originating authority." He is the first chief or founder. -## firstborn out of the dead ones ## +# firstborn from among the dead Jesus is the first person to die and come back to life, never to die again. -## This is because it pleased God to decide that all his fullness should live in him ## +# Son -"God the Father was pleased to make everything he is to live in Christ" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## through ## +# through the blood of his cross -The Greek word for the preposition "through" has the idea of a channel or way, showing that God brings peace and reconciliation to people by the blood of Jesus when he died on the cross. \ No newline at end of file +"by means of the blood Jesus shed on the cross" + +# the blood of his cross + +Here "blood" stands for the death of Christ on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/21.md b/col/01/21.md index dd1d342401..1fc2179618 100644 --- a/col/01/21.md +++ b/col/01/21.md @@ -1,43 +1,35 @@ -## And you also ## +# Connecting Statement: -"And you Colossian believers also". +Paul makes it clear that God has now revealed that Christ exchanges the sin of Gentile believers for his holiness. -## were strangers from God ## +# At one time, you also -The Greek word contains an element of choice. AT: "were alienated from God" or "had pushed God away" or "were hostile toward God". +"There was a time when you Colossian believers also" -## were his enemies in your mind and by your evil deeds ## +# were strangers to God -were his enemies because you thought evil thoughts and because you did evil deeds. (UDB) +"were like people whom God did not know" or "had pushed God away" -## God has reconciled you in the body of Christ's flesh through death ## +# to present you holy, blameless, and above reproach before him -When God reconciled you to Christ, he did not see Christ, but you on the cross such that when christ died, he saw you die. +Paul is describing the Colossians as though Jesus had physically cleaned them, put them in clean clothes, and brought them to stand before God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## blameless ## +# blameless, and above reproach -"without blame" +Paul uses two words that mean almost the same thing to emphasize the idea of perfection. AT: "perfect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## unreproveable ## +# before him -"without accusation". Cannot be accused of any sin. +This expression of location stands for "in God's view" or "in God's mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## before himself ## +# that was proclaimed -"before God himself" +that believers proclaimed (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## continue grounded ## +# to every person created under heaven -"continue to be firmly established" or "stable" +"to every person in the world" -## settled in the faith ## +# the gospel of which I, Paul, became a servant -"steadfast" or "secure" - -## the confidence of the gospel ## - -"being confident in the gospel". - -## that was proclaimed in all the creation under heaven, the gospel that I, Paul, became a servant ## - -"that people proclaimed the gospel in all the creation under heaven. This is the same gospel that I, Paul, proclaim in serving God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul was actually a servant of God. AT: "the gospel that I, Paul, serve God by proclaiming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/24.md b/col/01/24.md index 97a7c16afd..7f51dfec92 100644 --- a/col/01/24.md +++ b/col/01/24.md @@ -1,39 +1,39 @@ -## Now I rejoice ## +# I fill up in my flesh what is lacking of the afflictions of Christ -"now I, Paul, Rejoice" +Paul speaks about the suffering that he continues to experience. He may be acknowledging here that there is much suffering that he and all other Christians must endure before Christ comes again, and that Christ in a spiritual sense joins with them in experiencing these hardships. Paul certainly does not mean that Christ's sufferings alone were not enough to provide salvation for the believers. -## for you ## +# I fill up in my flesh -"for you Colossian believers" +Paul speaks of his body as if it were a container that could hold suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in my sufferings for you ## +# for the sake of his body, which is the church -"that I am suffering for your benefit" (UDB) +Paul often speaks of the church, the group of all Christian believers, as if it were Christ's body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## fill up in my flesh what is lacking of the afflictions of Christ for his body’s sake ## +# to fulfill the word of God -Paul is speaking about the resistance and persecutions he continues to endure for the sake of the church. Christ revealed this hardship to Paul when he first became a believer. +This means to bring about the purpose of God's gospel message, which is that it be preached and believed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I serve the church ## +# This is the secret truth that was hidden -"I, Paul, seek to meet the needs of the church" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is the secret truth that God had hidden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the secret truth ## +# for ages and for generations -"the mystery" +The words "ages" and "generations" refer to the time period from the creation of the world until the time when the gospel was preached. -## was hidden for ages ## +# now it has been revealed -This refers to the time of creation until the time Peter Peter preached the gospel to the gentiles. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "now God has revealed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## been revealed to his holy ones ## +# the riches of the glory of this secret truth -"made clear to his disciples". This includes both Jew and Gentile. +Paul speaks of the value of this secret truth about God as if it were a treasure of material wealth. "riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to whom God wanted to make known what is the riches of the glory of this mystery among the Gentiles ## +# Christ is in you -God wanted to make known to his people how truly wonderful his plan is for the Gentiles. +Paul speaks of the believers as if they were actual containers in which Christ is present. This is one of his ways of expressing the union of the believers with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## confidence of glory ## +# the confidence of future glory -"confidently expect to share in God's glory" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"so you can confidently expect to share in God's glory" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/28.md b/col/01/28.md index 167ed1ef93..eb82d16f5b 100644 --- a/col/01/28.md +++ b/col/01/28.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## This is he whom we proclaim. ## +# we proclaim ... We admonish ... we teach ... we may present -"This is Christ whom we, Paul and Timothy, proclaim" +These words do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## We admonish every person ## +# We admonish every person -"we reprove gently everyone" +"We warn everyone" -## that we may present every person ## +# so that we may present every person -"that we may present to God every person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +You may need to make explicit to whom they will present every person. AT: "so that we may present to God every person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## complete ## +# complete -"spiritually mature" - -## this I labor ## - -"this I, Paul, labor" - -## to his role that is at work in me ## - -"to Christ's purposes that are at work in me" \ No newline at end of file +Being complete is a metaphor for being spiritually mature. AT: "spiritually mature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/intro.md b/col/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..007714470f --- /dev/null +++ b/col/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Colossians 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +As in a typical letter, this chapter begins (1:1-3) with a formal introduction to the Christians in Colossae. + +A large part of this chapter revolves around two basic ideas: who Christ is, and what Christ has accomplished for the Christian. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Mystery ##### + +Paul refers to the church as a "mystery." The role of the church in the plans of God was once unknown, but has now been revealed by God. Part of this mystery involves the Gentiles' equal standing with the Jews in the current plans of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Images for christian living ##### +There are many different images used to describe christian living. In this chapter, two popular images are used by Paul. These are "walking" and "bearing fruit." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fruit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +Paradox is a seemingly absurd statement, appearing to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: Paul rejoices in his suffering. This is a counter-intuitive reaction to difficulties. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Colossians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Colossians intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/01.md b/col/02/01.md index baf5b8ff49..6bf902cdd8 100644 --- a/col/02/01.md +++ b/col/02/01.md @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ -## For I want you to know ## +# Connecting Statement: -"For I, Paul, want you Colossian believers to know" +Paul continues to encourage the believers in Colossae and Laodicea to understand that Christ is God and that he lives in believers, so they should live in the same way they received him. -## how great a struggle I have had for you ## +# how great a struggle I have had for you -Paul has exerted much effort to their purity and understanding of the gospel. +Paul has exerted much effort in developing their purity and understanding of the gospel. -## those at Laodicea ## +# those at Laodicea This was a city very close to Colossae where there was also a church for which Paul was praying. -## as many as have not seen my face in the flesh​ ## +# as many as have not seen my face in the flesh -"many I have never seen personally" or "many I have never met face to face". +Here "face in the flesh" stands for the person. AT: "all those who have never seen personally" or "all those whom I have never met face to face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## that their hearts ## +# so that their hearts -"that all the believers' hearts who had never seen Paul in person" +Paul includes the Galatians even though he uses a different pronoun. AT: "so that their hearts and yours" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## brought together​ ## +# brought together -Brought together in a real close relationship. AT: "knit together" or "brought closely together". +This means brought together in a close relationship. -## come from confidently understanding ## +# all the riches of full assurance of understanding -Having assurance in knowing these things. +Paul speaks of a person who is completely sure that the good news is true as though that person were rich in physical things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the mystery of God ## +# the secret truth of God -This is knowledge that can only be revealed by God.​ +This is knowledge that can be revealed only by God. -## that is, Christ ## +# that is, Christ -Jesus Christ is the mystery revealed by God. +Jesus Christ is the secret truth revealed by God. -## hidden treasures of wisdom and knowledge ## +# In him all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hidden -Great riches or wealth of wisdom and knowledge +Only Christ can reveal God's true wisdom and knowledge. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## wisdom and knowledge ## +# the treasures of wisdom and knowledge -These words mean basically the same thing here. Paul uses them together to emphasize that all spiritual understanding comes from Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Paul speaks of God's wisdom and knowledge as if they were material wealth. AT: "the very precious wisdom and knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## are in him ## +# wisdom and knowledge -The word “him” refers to Christ. \ No newline at end of file +These words mean basically the same thing here. Paul uses them together to emphasize that all spiritual understanding comes from Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/04.md b/col/02/04.md index 1efeaf6bed..a0e40343d8 100644 --- a/col/02/04.md +++ b/col/02/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## I say this ## +# trick -"I, Paul, say this" +This means to cause someone to believe something that is not true, so he acts on that belief, and suffers harm as a result. -## delude you ## +# persuasive speech -"to lead you, Colossian believers, to a wrong place or conclusion." +speech that will make a person think differently -## persuasive speech ## +# not with you in the flesh -speech that will convince you of something or make a concept believable. +The person's flesh, or physical body, is a metonym for the person. AT: "not physically present with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## not with you in the flesh ## +# I am with you in spirit -"not physically present with you" +Being with someone in spirit is a metaphor for thinking continually about that person. AT: "I continually think about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I am with you in spirit ## +# good order -"I continually think about you" +doing things properly -## good order ## +# the strength of your faith -Paul is commending or praising them on their unity and firmness of their belief or trust in Christ. \ No newline at end of file +"how nothing and no one can cause you to stop believing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/06.md b/col/02/06.md index 25de6ada75..2a96cfad00 100644 --- a/col/02/06.md +++ b/col/02/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Walk in Christ Jesus the Lord ## +# Be firmly planted ... be built ... be established ... abound -This is an expression for living in a certain manor or consistent way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +These words explain what it means to "walk in him." -## that you received him ## +# Be firmly planted in him -"that you Colossian believers received Christ" +Paul speaks of a person with true faith in Christ as if that person were a tree growing in solid ground with deep roots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Be firmly planted in him, be built upon him ## +# be built on him -Paul uses two metaphors (the first of a plant with deep roots, the second of a well-constructed building) to describe the way in which believers ought to live and mature spiritually. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Paul speaks of a person with true faith in Christ as if that person were a building that has a strong foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## be established in faith ## +# be established in faith -live your life based upon your faith in Jesus Christ +"trust in Jesus for everything" -## abound with thanksgiving ## +# just as you were taught -to be very thankful to God. \ No newline at end of file +This is best stated without naming or otherwise calling attention to the teacher, who was Epaphras ([Colossians 1:7](../01/07.md)). AT: "just as you learned" or "just as they taught you" or "just as he taught you" + +# abound in thanksgiving + +Paul speaks of thanksgiving as if it were objects that a person could obtain more of. AT: "be very thankful to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/08.md b/col/02/08.md index 20c69c0496..27abfcd6c9 100644 --- a/col/02/08.md +++ b/col/02/08.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## See that ## +# Connecting Statement: -be cautious. AT: "Beware" or "Watch out that". +Paul urges the believers to be careful not to turn to the words and rules of others because nothing can add to the fullness of God that believers have in Christ. -## captures you ## +# See that -This metaphor compares the way a person can be physically caught and held by force to how a person can be emotionally and spiritually caught and captured by false teachings. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Make sure that" -## captures you ## +# captures you -"captures you, Colossian believers" +Paul speaks of the way a person can believe false teachings (because they believe false things or love the wrong things) as if someone had physically caught and held that person by force. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## philosophy ## +# philosophy -the religious doctrines and beliefs that are not from God's word but are based on man's thoughts about God and life. +religious doctrines and beliefs that are not from God's word but are based on man's thoughts about God and life -## empty deceit ## +# empty deceit -misleading ideas that do not lead to life in christ. They produce nothing, they are empty or without value. +Paul speaks of false ideas that produce nothing and so are without value as though they are containers with nothing in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## human tradition and upon sinful belief systems of the world ## +# the tradition of men ... the elements of the world -Both Jewish traditions and pagan (gentile) belief systems are worthless. +Both Jewish traditions and pagan (Gentile) belief systems are worthless. "The elements of the world" perhaps refers to evil spirits that claimed to rule the world and that were adored by people. But some interpreters view "the elements of the world" as people's basic teachings about the world. -## after Christ ## +# in him lives all the fullness of God bodily -"according to Christ". Only those belief systems based on Christ have value. - -## because all the fullness of God's nature lives in his body. ## - -"God's full nature lives in Christ's body." Not to be confused with all of God's nature dwelling in Christ, which is not true. \ No newline at end of file +"God's total nature lives in physical form in Christ" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/10.md b/col/02/10.md index c57dad8010..272e005044 100644 --- a/col/02/10.md +++ b/col/02/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## In him ## +# You are filled in him -"In Jesus Christ" +Paul speaks of people as though they were containers into which God has placed Christ. AT: "You are made complete in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you are ## +# He is the head -"you, Colossian believers, are" +Christ is the ruler (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## completely fulfilled ## +# In him you were also circumcised -"made complete" +Paul is speaking of those who belong to Christ as if they were inside Christ's body. This can also be made active. AT: "When you joined the church in baptism, God circumcised you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## God circumcised you... ## +# a circumcision not done by humans -This metaphor shows that God removed or took away a believer's sin in the same way as flesh is cut away or removed with a knife in circumcision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +With this metaphor, Paul says that God has made Christian believers acceptable to himself in a way that reminded him of circumcision, the ceremony through which Hebrew male babies were added to the community of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## buried with him... ## +# You were buried with him in baptism -This metaphor describes how the old nature was put away forever at the time of salvation just as a physical body is put in the ground and covered with dirt when it dies. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of being baptized and joining the assembly of believers as if it were being buried with Christ. This can be made active. AT: "God buried you with Christ when you joined the church in baptism" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## raised up with him ## +# in him you were raised up -This metaphor describes how believers are given a new nature just as a person who is raised from the dead is given life again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +With this metaphor, Paul speaks of the new spiritual life of believers, made possible because God made Christ come alive again. This can be made active. AT: "because you have joined yourself to Christ, God raised you up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/13.md b/col/02/13.md index 136e9c5418..3ace8b84fd 100644 --- a/col/02/13.md +++ b/col/02/13.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## When you were dead ## +# When you were dead -"When you Colossian believers were spiritually dead" +Paul speaks of unresponsiveness to God as if it were death. AT: "When you Colossian believers were unable to respond to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## dead in your trespasses and in the uncircumcision of your flesh ## +# you were dead ... he made you alive -you were dead on two accounts, 1) you were spiritually dead living a life of of sin against Christ and 2) you were not circumcised according to the law of Moses. +With this metaphor Paul speaks of coming into new spiritual life as if it were coming back to life physically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he made you ## +# dead in your trespasses and in the uncircumcision of your flesh -"Jesus Christ made you Colossian believers" +You were dead on two accounts: 1) you were spiritually dead, living a life of sin against Christ and 2) you were not circumcised according to the law of Moses. -## forgave us all of our trespasses ## +# forgave us all of our trespasses -"Jesus Christ forgave us, both us Jews and you Gentiles, of all our trespasses" +"he forgave us, both us Jews and you Gentiles, of all our trespasses" -## you were dead...he made you alive ## +# He canceled the written record of debts that stood against us -This metaphor shows how coming from a sinful life into a new spiritual life is like a dead person coming back to life physically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of the way God forgives our sins as if it were the way a person, to whom many people owe money or goods, destroys the record of that debt so they do not have to pay him back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He erased the written record of debts charged against us and the supporting regulations ## +# made a public spectacle of them -This metaphor compares how God can take away our sins (debts) and pardon us for breaking God's laws (regulations) just as a person can erase items written on a paper list. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +In Roman times, it was common practice for the Roman armies to have a victory parade when they returned home, displaying all the prisoners they had captured and goods they had obtained. God was victorious over the evil powers and authorities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## led them in a victory procession ## +# by the cross -In Roman times, is was common practice for the roman armies to have a "victory parade" when they return home, displaying all the prisoners they captured and goods obtained. \ No newline at end of file +Here "the cross" stands for Christ's death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/16.md b/col/02/16.md index f2f434f648..f5d43b445d 100644 --- a/col/02/16.md +++ b/col/02/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## let no one judge you ## +# in eating or in drinking -Paul was warning the believers against the Jews who wanted to make the Gentiles follow the Law of Moses. +The law of Moses included what one can eat and drink. "for what you eat or what you drink" -## in eating or in drinking ## +# about a feast day or a new moon, or about Sabbath days -The Law of Moses included what one can eat and drink. AT: "in what you eat or in what your drink". +The law of Moses specified the days to celebrate, to worship, and to offer sacrifice. "for the way you celebrate feast days or new moons or the Sabbath" -## about a feast day or a new moon, or about Sabbath days ## +# a shadow of the things to come -The Law of Moses specified what days to celebrate, days to worship, and days to offer sacrifice. +A shadow gives only a vague idea of the shape and nature of an object. In a similar way, religious traditions such as the law of Moses can only partially show the reality of Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a shadow of the things to come ## +# the substance -This metaphor compares the way a shadow only gives an vague idea of the shape and nature of an object to the way religious traditions such as the Law of Moses can only partially show the reality of Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here this means "the reality," the thing that casts the "shadow." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/18.md b/col/02/18.md index f25c7cabe8..45a64d4110 100644 --- a/col/02/18.md +++ b/col/02/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Let no one be robbed of a prize​ ## +# Let no one ... judge you out of your prize -"Let no one be cheated out of their prize." This metaphor compares people who teach false humility and worshiping of angels to robbers who steal the Colossians' salvation. AT: "Do not let anyone steal someone's reward." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here Paul refers to false teachers as if they were corrupt judges at an athletic contest who would unjustly disqualify the believers from winning the prizes they deserve, and he speaks of Christ saving a person as if Christ were giving a prize to the winner of such a contest. AT: "Let no one ... disqualify you from winning a prize" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## false humility ## +# who wants humility -"voluntary humility." Doing things that make you appear to be humble to others. AT: "pious self-denial." +The word "humility" is a metonym for actions one does to make others think that one is humble. AT: "who wants you to do things to show that you are humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## obsesses about things ## +# enters into the things he has seen -Having thoughts that constantly control the mind or being excessively preoccupied with something. +Here Paul speaks about people who claim to have dreams and visions from God and who talk proudly about them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## fleshly thinking ## +# becomes puffed up by his fleshly thinking -Thinking as a natural or sinful person rather than as a spiritual person. +Here Paul says that sinful ways of thinking make a person arrogant. AT: "puffs himself up by means of his fleshly thinking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## hold on to ## +# puffed up -"firmly grasp" or "cling to" just as a child firmly holds on to his parent. +Here a person who boasts is spoken of as if he were an object into which someone had blown air to make it larger than it should be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Christ, the head, from whom the whole body is supplied and held together through joints and ligaments ## +# his fleshly thinking -This metaphor compares the authority of Christ over the Church to a human head which controls and governs all of the body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the idea of flesh stands for the sinful human nature. "the sinful thoughts he naturally thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He does not hold on to the head + +A person not trusting in Christ is spoken of has if they do not hold firmly to the head. Christ is spoken of as if he were the head of a body. AT: "He does not firmly grasp Christ, who is like the head of a body" or "He does not cling to Christ, who is like the head of a body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is from the head that the whole body throughout its joints and ligaments is supplied and held together + +Paul speaks of the church, which is ruled and empowered by Christ, as if it were a human body. AT: "It is from the head that God supplies the whole body throughout its joints and ligaments and holds it together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/20.md b/col/02/20.md index 41cbca19f9..5e1c6216f5 100644 --- a/col/02/20.md +++ b/col/02/20.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## If you died together with Christ to the sinful belief systems of the world ## +# If you died together with Christ to the elements of the world -This metaphor shows that just as a person who dies physically no longer needs to obey the physical demands of this world (breath, eat, sleep), a person who dies spiritually with Christ no longer needs to obey the spiritual demands of the world system. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +With this metaphor, Paul speaks of a believer as a person who is spiritually united with Christ: as Christ died, so the believer has spiritually died; as Christ has come back to life, so the believer has come back to spiritual life, that is, to responsiveness to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## why do you live in submission to the world's beliefs ## +# why do you live as obligated to the world: "Do ... touch"? -Paul used this question to rebuke the Colossians for following the false beliefs of the world. AT: "stop submitting yourself to the world's beliefs!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul used this question to rebuke the Colossians for following the false beliefs of the world. AT: "stop submitting to the world's beliefs! Stop believing them when they say, 'Do ... touch'!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## live in submission to ## +# live as obligated to the world -"submit to" or "give in to" or "obey." +"think you must obey the desires of the world" -## perish ## +# the world -"decay" +the thoughts, desires, and assumptions of the sinful majority of the world's people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## These rules have the "wisdom" of man-made religion and false humility and ascetic treatment of the body ## +# are destined for corruption -made religion and false humility and ascetic treatment of the body** - "These rules seem wise from a human point of view by having the appearance of humility and harsh treatment of the body." +"perish." Paul uses a metaphor here of a body rotting ("corrupting") in the grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## ascetic ## +# These rules have the wisdom of self-made religion and humility and severity of the body -"severe" or "harsh" or "grim" +"These rules seem wise to unbelieving people because they allow those who follow them to appear humble because they hurt their own bodies" -## have no value against the indulgence of the flesh ## +# have no value against the indulgence of the flesh -"they do not help you stop following your human desires." \ No newline at end of file +"do not help you stop following your human desires" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/02/intro.md b/col/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c82ac088f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/col/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Colossians 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Worldliness ##### +Although believers must live in the world, Paul urges the Christians in Colossae not to live "worldly" lives. By this he means not to live as the non-Christians do. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Flesh ##### + +This is a complex issue and it is possible "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful. Paul is teaching that, while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort, but his new nature will be fighting against his old nature. Flesh is also used in this chapter to refer to the material part of man in general. + +##### Implicit Information ##### +There are several issues mentioned in this chapter that share implicit information about the context of the church in Colossae. It is best to allow uncertainty to remain in the text over the specifics of the situations referenced. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Colossians 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/03/01.md b/col/03/01.md index dbd2d29cae..9215ba3493 100644 --- a/col/03/01.md +++ b/col/03/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## God has raised you with Christ ## +# Connecting Statement: -This metaphor compares the Colossian believers with Christ. As God has raised Christ from the dead, so God counts them as having been raised from the dead. (see [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul warns the believers that because they are one with Christ, they ought not do certain things. -## has raised you ## +# God has raised you with Christ -The word "you" refers to the Colossian believers. +As God has raised Christ to heaven, so God counts the believers in Colossae as though he has also raised them to heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the things above ## +# things above -"the heavenly things" or "the godly things". +"things in heaven" -## what is on earth​ ## +# For you have died -"earthly things" or "the things of earth". +As Christ actually died, so God counts the Colossian believers as having died with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for you have died ## +# your life is hidden with Christ in God -This metaphor compares the colossian believers with Christ. As Christ actually died, so God counts them as having died with Chirst. (see [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of people's lives as if they were objects that can be hidden in containers and speaks of God as if he were a container. AT: Possible meanings are 1) "it is as though God has taken your life and concealed it with Christ in God's presence" or 2) "only God knows what your true life really is, and he will reveal it when he reveals Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## God has hidden ## +# who is your life -"God has concealed" - -## with him in glory ## - -The word "him" refers to Christ. \ No newline at end of file +Christ is the one who gives spiritual life to the believer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/03/05.md b/col/03/05.md index 207a7f679e..7f9090b444 100644 --- a/col/03/05.md +++ b/col/03/05.md @@ -1,43 +1,47 @@ -## Put to death, therefore, your sinful desires ## +# Put to death, then, the members that are on earth -This is a metaphor showing that sinful desires should be completely and finally dealt with just as an evil person is put to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of sinful desires as though they were the body parts people use to satisfy them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## uncleanness ## +# uncleanness "impure behavior" -## passion ## +# passion -"strong lustful desire" +"strong, lustful desire" -## and greed, which is idolatry ## +# greed, which is idolatry -"and greed, which is the same thing as idolatry" or "And do not be greedy, because that is the same as worshiping idols." (UDB) +"greed, which is the same thing as idolatry" or "do not be greedy because that is the same as worshiping idols" -## It is for these things that the wrath of God comes upon the sons of disobedience ## +# wrath of God -"The wrath of God comes upon unbelievers who do these things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +God's anger against those who do evil as shown by what he does to punish them. -## It is in these things that you also once walked when you lived by them ## +# the sons of disobedience -"You once live by these things when you actively took part in them". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). +This is an idiom that means they were characterized by disobedience. The abstract noun "disobedience" can be stated as a verb. AT: "disobedient people" or "people who disobey him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## wrath ## +# It is in these things that you also once walked -"violence" +Paul speaks of the way a person behaves as if it were a road or path a person walks on. AT: "These are the things you used to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## anger ## +# when you lived in them -"rage" +Possible meanings are 1) "when you practiced these things" or 2) "when you lived among the people who disobey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## evil intentions ## +# evil intentions -"determined to or set on doing evil things". AT: "wickedness of heart, life and character." +"desire to do wicked deeds" -## insults ## +# insults -"blasphemy" or "profanity" or "slander." It is a speech used with the intent of hurting and tearing down others. +speech used to hurt others -## shameful, obscene speech ## +# obscene speech -AT: "filthy speech." \ No newline at end of file +words that do not belong in polite conversation + +# from your mouth + +Here "mouth" is a metonym for talk. "in your talk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/03/09.md b/col/03/09.md index e8a8ff67ae..82d9b443db 100644 --- a/col/03/09.md +++ b/col/03/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## you have stripped off ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "you" refers to the Colossian believers. +Paul continues to tell the believers how to live and reminds them that Christians should treat everyone according to the same standard. -## you have stripped off your old self with its practices, and you have put on your new self ## +# you have taken off the old man with its practices, and you have put on the new man -This metaphor contrasts the Christian who is to remove ungodly behavior and to begin acting godly to that of the person who removes dirty clothes and puts on new clean clothes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here Paul is speaking of a Christian's rejecting his old sinful life as if it were an old garment that he takes off in order to put on a new garment. It was very common for Israelites such as Paul to speak of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his image ## +# the image -This is a metonym for Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the knowledge of his image ## +# there is no Greek and Jew, circumcision and uncircumcision, barbarian, Scythian, slave, freeman -To know and understand Jesus Christ. +These terms are examples of the categories of people that Paul says do not matter for God. God sees every person alike, not by race, religion, nationality, or social status. AT: "race, religion, culture, and social status do not matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## there is no Greek and Jew, circumcision and uncircumcision, barbarian, Scythian, slave, freeman ## +# barbarian -This is saying that God sees every person alike; not race, religion, nationality or caste (social status). AT: "Here race, religion, culture and social status do not matter". +a foreigner who does not know local customs -## Christ is all things and in all things ## +# Scythian -Nothing is excluded or left out of the existence of Christ. AT: "Christ is all important." \ No newline at end of file +This is someone from the land of Scythia, which was outside the Roman Empire. Greeks and Romans used this word for someone who grew up in a place where everyone did wicked things all the time. + +# Christ is all, and is in all + +Nothing is excluded or left out of the rule of Christ. AT: "Christ is all important and lives in all his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/03/12.md b/col/03/12.md index c8ebb8efbe..4c1244e754 100644 --- a/col/03/12.md +++ b/col/03/12.md @@ -1,51 +1,23 @@ -## put on…a heart of compassion… ## +# as God's chosen ones, holy and beloved -As a person puts on clothing while getting dressed, believers are to put on compassion, lowliness, etc. in their behavior towards each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This can be made active. AT: "as those whom God has chosen for himself, whom he desires to see live for him alone, and whom he loves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Put on therefore ## +# put on a heart of mercy, kindness, humility, gentleness, and patience -"Therefore" is a discourse marker used to specify an action or behavior change based on the preceding discussion or teaching. (See: en:ta:workbench:discourse:home) +The "heart" is a metaphor for feelings and attitudes. Here it is spoken of as if it has certain feelings and attitudes, and as if it were clothing to wear. AT: "have a merciful, kind, humble, gentle, and patient heart" or "be merciful, kind, humble, gentle, and patient" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## as God’s chosen ones–holy and beloved ## +# Bear with one another -holy and beloved** - “as God's holy and dearly loved chosen ones". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Be patient with one another" or "Accept each other even when you disappoint each other" -## a heart of compassion, kindness, lowliness, meekness, and patience ## +# Be gracious to each other -"an inner being that is compassionate, kind, humble, gentle and patient". +"Treat each other better than they deserve for you to treat them" -## heart of compassion ## +# has a complaint against -“heart of empathy” or “heart of consideration” +The abstract noun "complaint" can be stated as "complain." AT: "has a reason to complain against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## kindness ## +# which is the bond of perfection -“goodness” or “gentleness” - -## lowliness ## - -“humbleness of mind” or “lowliness of mind” or “modesty” - -## meekness ## - -“gentleness”. Calmness of the soul toward God rather than outward expression of feelings. - -## patience ## - -"fortitude" or "long-suffering" or "self-restraint" - -## Bear with one another ## - -To work together in harmony and love. AT: "to put up with or endure each another". - -## has a complaint against ## - -"complains against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) - -## have love ## - -“put on love” - -## which is the bond of perfection ## - -“which binds us perfectly together” or “which binds us together in perfect harmony” \ No newline at end of file +"which binds us together perfectly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/03/15.md b/col/03/15.md index 0f26e29634..0489aa3c8a 100644 --- a/col/03/15.md +++ b/col/03/15.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## rule in your hearts ## +# Let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts -“have authority over your heart”. +Paul speaks of the peace that Christ gives as if it were a ruler. Possible meanings are 1) "Do everything so that you can have peaceful relationships with each other" or 2) "Allow God to give you peace in your heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in your hearts ## +# in your hearts -The word "you" refers to the Colossian believers. +It was normal for Paul to speak of the heart as if it were the place where people feel most intensely certain conditions such as peacefulness. You should use the most natural expression in your language for feeling at peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## live in you ## +# Let the word of Christ live in you -“dwell in you” or “reside in you” +Paul speaks of Christ's word as if it were a person capable of living inside other people. "Always trust Christ's promises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## admonish one another ## +# admonish one another -“caution one another” +"caution and encourage one another" -## with psalms and hymns and spiritual songs ## +# with psalms and hymns and spiritual songs "with all sorts of songs to praise God" -## thankfulness in your hearts ## +# thankfulness in your hearts "thankful hearts" -## through him ## +# in word or in deed -"through the Lord Jesus" \ No newline at end of file +speaking or acting + +# in the name of the Lord Jesus + +"to honor the Lord Jesus" or "with the authority of the Lord Jesus" + +# through him + +Possible meanings are 1) because he has done great deeds or 2) because he has made it possible for people to speak to God and so give him thanks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/03/18.md b/col/03/18.md index be225cc76b..d7b3c5060f 100644 --- a/col/03/18.md +++ b/col/03/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## wives submit to ## +# Connecting Statement: -“wives obey”. +Paul then gives some special instructions to wives, husbands, children, fathers, slaves, and masters. -## it is appropriate ## +# Wives, submit to -“it is proper” or “it is right”. +"Wives, obey" -## do not be bitter against ## +# it is appropriate -"do not be harsh with" or "do not be angry towards". +"it is proper" or "it is right" -## for this is well-pleasing in the Lord. ## +# do not be bitter against -pleasing in the Lord.** "for the lord is well-pleased with you when you obey your parents". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +"do not be harsh with" or "do not be angry toward" -## provoke your children ## +# do not provoke your children -"aggravate your children" or “stimulate your children to anger” \ No newline at end of file +"do not needlessly make your children angry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/03/22.md b/col/03/22.md index 0026e6d21c..412ba3843f 100644 --- a/col/03/22.md +++ b/col/03/22.md @@ -1,43 +1,31 @@ -## obey your masters ## +# obey your masters according to the flesh -The word "your" refers to the Colossian slaves who are believers. +"obey your human masters" -## Whatever you do ## +# things, not with eyeservice as people pleasers -The word "you" refers to slaves, but may include all the colossian Christians. +"things. Do not obey only when your master is watching, as though you need only to please people" -## obey your masters according to the flesh ## +# as to the Lord -"obey your earthly masters" +"as you would work for the Lord" -## not with eye-service ## +# the reward of the inheritance -service** - Do not obey only when your master is watching. +"the inheritance as your reward" -## people-pleasers ## +# inheritance -pleasers** - These are people who do something to get the approval of other people rather than the Lord's. (See UDB) +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## from the soul ## +# anyone who does unrighteousness will receive the penalty -“wholeheartedly” (See UDB) +The phrase "receive the penalty" means to be punished. AT: "anyone who does unrighteousness will be punished" or "God will punish anyone who does what is unrighteous" -## as to the Lord ## +# who does unrighteousness -“for the Lord” (See UDB) +who actively does wrong of any kind -## reward of the inheritance ## +# there is no partiality -“our share of what the Lord has promised”. (See UDB) - -## who does unrighteousness ## - -It refers to anyone who actively does wrong of any kind (moral, social or physical). AT: “who does wrong” or “who does evil”. - -## receive the penalty ## - -Will be punished. - -## is no partiality ## - -“is no favoritism” or “are no favorites” or "are no favorite ones" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "partiality" can be expressed with the adjective "partial." To be partial is to favor some people more than others. AT: "God is not partial" or "God judges everyone by the same standard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/03/intro.md b/col/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ceca3c37c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/col/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Colossians 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The second part of this chapter parallels Ephesians 5 and 6. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Old and new self ##### +The old and new self are concepts equivalent to the old/new man. The term "old man" probably refers to the sinful nature a person is born with, while the "new man" is the new nature or new life that is given to a person after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]). + +##### Character ##### +Many of the qualities Paul encourages his readers to pursue (or avoid) are not actions themselves as much as they are character qualities. Because of this, they may present difficulties in translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "That which is above" ##### + +God is often pictured as being located above. When Paul says here to seek the things above or to think about what is above, he is implying Christians should seek to please God with their actions. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Colossians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/01.md b/col/04/01.md index c0539cf271..1149fb94bb 100644 --- a/col/04/01.md +++ b/col/04/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Give to your servants ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "your" refers to Colossian believers that are slave owners. +After speaking to masters, Paul ends his special instructions to the different kinds of believers in the church at Colossae. -## right and fair ## +# right and fair -This is an expression for owners to do what is right and what is fair toward their slaves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) +These words mean almost the same thing and are used to emphasize the things that are morally correct. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## master in heaven ## +# you also have a master in heaven -God is their master implying that 1) "God will treat slave owners as they treated their earthy slaves" or 2) "as you treat your earthy slaves God, your master will treat you in the same way." \ No newline at end of file +God wants the relationship between an earthly master and his slave to be loving the way God, the heavenly master, loves his earthly servants, including the earthly slaves' masters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/02.md b/col/04/02.md index 724263ae86..a1e0b6e30c 100644 --- a/col/04/02.md +++ b/col/04/02.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Continue steadfastly in prayer​ ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Keep praying faithfully" or "Keep praying consistently." +Paul continues to give instructions to believers on how to live and speak. -## for us also ## +# General Information: -The word "us" refers to Paul and Timothy but not the Colossian believers. +Here the word "us" refers to Paul and Timothy but not the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## God would open a door ## +# Continue steadfastly in prayer -AT: "God to provide opportunities." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"Keep praying faithfully" or "Keep praying consistently" -## mystery of Christ ## +# God would open a door -The message of Jesus Christ that was not understood before Christ came. +Opening a door for someone is a metaphor for giving that person the opportunity to do something. AT: "God would provide opportunities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Because of that word, I am bound​ ## +# the secret truth of Christ -"It is for proclaiming the message of Jesus Christ that I am now in prison" +This refers to the gospel of Jesus Christ, which was not understood before Christ came. -## pray that I may make it clear and that I may speak as I ought to speak​ ## +# Because of this, I am chained up -"pray that I might be able to speak the message of Jesus Christ clearly as I should speak." \ No newline at end of file +Here "chained" is a metonym for being in prison. AT: "It is for proclaiming the message of Jesus Christ that I am now in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Pray that I may make it clear + +"Pray that I might be able to speak the message of Jesus Christ clearly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/05.md b/col/04/05.md index 9dcbc4e709..89f55a1828 100644 --- a/col/04/05.md +++ b/col/04/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## Live in wisdom toward ## +# Walk in wisdom toward those outside -"Be wise toward". +The idea of walking is often used for the idea of conducting one's life. AT: "Live in such a way that those who are not believers will see that you are wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who are outsiders ## +# redeem the time -"who are not believers". +To "redeem" something means to restore it to it's rightful owner. Here time is spoken of as something that can be restored and used to serve God. AT: "do the best things you can with your time" or "put the time to its best use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## use your time wisely ## +# Let your words always be with grace. Let them be seasoned with salt -The word "you" refers to the colossian believers. +Food with salt is a metaphor for words that teach others and that others enjoy hearing. AT: "Let your conversation always be gracious and attractive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## use your time wisely ## +# so that you may know how you should answer -"Be wise about what you do" - -## Let your words always be with grace. Season them with salt ## - -"Let your conversation always be gracious and attractive" - -## know how you should answer ## - -"you should know how to answer questions about Jesus Christ to anyone." \ No newline at end of file +"so that you may know how to answer questions from anyone about Jesus Christ" or "so that you may be able to treat every person well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/07.md b/col/04/07.md index 65ff51775b..869ec04d29 100644 --- a/col/04/07.md +++ b/col/04/07.md @@ -1,39 +1,35 @@ -## make known to you everything concerning me ## +# Connecting Statement: -"tell you everything that has been happening to me" (See: UDB) +Paul closes with special instructions about certain people as well as greetings to and from individual believers. -## make known to you ## +# General Information: -The "you" refers to the Colossian believers. +Onesimus was a slave of Philemon in Colossae. He had stolen money from Philemon and run away to Rome where he became a Christian through the ministry of Paul. Now Tychicus and Onesimus are the ones bringing Paul's letter to Colossae. -## everything concerning me ## +# the things concerning me -This pronoun is refers to the apostle Paul. +"everything that has been happening to me" -## fellow-slave ## +# fellow slave -slave ** - Though Paul is a freeman, he sees himself as a servant of Christ and sees Tychicus as a fellow servant. AT: "fellow servant." +"fellow servant." Though Paul is a free man, he sees himself as a servant of Christ and sees Tychicus as a fellow servant. -## may know about us ## +# about us -The word "us" refers to Paul and his co-workers but not the Colossian Believers. +These words do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## may encourage your hearts ## +# may encourage your hearts -"your hearts" is an expression for the person. "may encourage you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The heart was thought to be the center of many emotions. AT: "may encourage you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Onesimus ## +# the faithful and beloved brother -Onesimus was a slave of Philemon in Colossae. He stole money from Philemon and ran away to Rome where he became a Christian through the ministry of Paul. Now Tychicus and Onesimus are the ones bringing Paul's letter to Colossae. +Paul calls Onesimus a fellow Christian and servant of Christ. -## faithful and beloved brother ## +# They will tell -Paul considers Onesimus a fellow christian and servant of Christ. +"Tychicus and Onesimus will tell" -## They will make known ## +# everything that has happened here -"Tychicus and Onesimus will make known" - -## that are done here ## - -They will tell the Colossian believers all that is taking place where Paul is currently residing. Tradition has Paul in Rome under house arrest or in prison. \ No newline at end of file +They will tell the Colossian believers all that is taking place where Paul is currently living. Tradition says Paul was in Rome under house arrest or in prison at this time. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/10.md b/col/04/10.md index 3fd5c61c91..4c0107c866 100644 --- a/col/04/10.md +++ b/col/04/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Aristarchus ## +# Aristarchus He was in prison with Paul in Ephesus when Paul wrote this letter to the Colossians. -## "If he comes ## +# if he comes "if Mark comes" -## Jesus who is called Justus ## +# Jesus who is called Justus This is a man who also worked with Paul. -## These alone of the circumcision are my fellow-workers for the kingdom of God​ ## +# These alone of the circumcision are my fellow workers for the kingdom of God -workers for the kingdom of God​ ** - "These three men are the only Jewish believers working with me to proclaim God as king through Christ Jesus" (UDB) +Paul uses "circumcision" here to refer to Jews because, under the Old Testament law, all male Jews had to be circumcised. AT: "These three men are the only Jewish believers working with me to proclaim God as king through Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## These alone of the circumcision ## +# These alone of the circumcision -"These men, Aristarchus, Mark, and Justus, alone of the circumcision" \ No newline at end of file +"These men—Aristarchus, Mark, and Justus—alone of the circumcision" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/12.md b/col/04/12.md index 3d171d6c08..77520642b8 100644 --- a/col/04/12.md +++ b/col/04/12.md @@ -1,39 +1,31 @@ -## Epaphras ## +# General Information: -Epaphras was the person who preached the gospel to the people in Colossae. (See [Colossians 1:7](../01/07.md)) +Laodicea and Hierapolis were towns close to Colossae. -## one of you​​ ## +# Epaphras -"from your city" or "your fellow townsman" (UDB) +Epaphras was the man who had preached the good news to the people in Colossae. (See: [Colossians 1:7](../01/07.md)) -## a slave of Christ Jesus ## +# one of you + +"from your city" or "your fellow townsman" + +# a slave of Christ Jesus "a committed disciple of Christ Jesus" -## always strives for you in prayer​ ## +# always strives for you in prayer "earnestly prays for you" -## you may stand complete and fully assured ## +# you may stand complete and fully assured "you may stand mature and confident" -## I bear witness of him, that he works hard for you​ ## +# I bear witness of him, that he works hard for you -"I have observed that he has worked very hard for you" (UDB) +"I have observed that he has worked very hard for you" -## Those in Laodicea ## +# Demas -The church at the city of Laodicea. Laodicean was very close to Colossae. - -## Those in Hierapolis ## - -The church at the city of Hierapolis. Hierapolis was also very close to Colossae. - -## and Demas ## - -Another co-worker with Paul. - -## salute you ## - -"greet you" \ No newline at end of file +This is another co-worker with Paul. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/15.md b/col/04/15.md index d68551ed71..3282579b5c 100644 --- a/col/04/15.md +++ b/col/04/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Greet the brothers ## +# brothers -"Greet the fellow believers" +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## in Laodicea ## +# in Laodicea -A city very close to Colossae where there was also a church. +a city very close to Colossae where there was also a church -## Nympha, and the church that is in her house ## +# Nympha, and the church that is in her house -A woman named Nympha hosted a house church in Laodicea. AT: "Nympha and the group of believers that meets in her house". (UDB) +A woman named Nympha hosted a house church. AT: "Nympha and the group of believers that meets in her house" -## read among you ## +# Say to Archippus, "Look to the ministry that you have received in the Lord, that you should fulfill it -The word "you" refers to the colossian believers. - -## Say to Archippus, "Look to the ministry that you have received in the Lord, that you should fulfill it."​ ## - -Paul was reminding Archippus of his task God had given him and that he, Archippus, is under obligation to the Lord to fulfill it. \ No newline at end of file +Paul reminds Archippus of the task God had given him and that he, Archippus, was under obligation to the Lord to fulfill it. The words "Look," "you have received," and "you should fulfill" all refer to Archippus and should be singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/18.md b/col/04/18.md index 9afa1f9a22..924cb99aa2 100644 --- a/col/04/18.md +++ b/col/04/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## This greeting is in my own hand--PAUL ## +# Connecting Statement: --PAUL** - Paul wanted the Colossian believers to know that this letter was from him. +Paul closes his letter with a greeting written in his own handwriting. -## Remember my chains ## +# Remember my chains -AT: "Remember me and pray for me while I am in prison". \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of chains when he means his imprisonment. AT: "Remember me and pray for me while I am in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May grace be with you + +Here "grace" stands for God, who shows grace or acts kindly to believers. AT: "I pray that our Lord Jesus Christ would continue to act graciously toward you all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/04/intro.md b/col/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9bb6de8543 --- /dev/null +++ b/col/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Colossians 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +It appears [Colossians 4:1](./01.md) belongs with the material of chapter 3 instead of chapter 4. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "In my own hand" ##### +It was common in the ancient Near East to have someone physically write a letter while the author spoke. This is a common practice with the letters of the New Testament. Paul thought that this chapter was so important, he physically wrote it himself. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Mystery ##### + +Paul refers to the church as a "mystery." The role of the church in the plans of God was once unknown, but has now been revealed by God. Part of this mystery involves the Gentiles' equal standing with the Jews in the current plans of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Colossians 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/front/intro.md b/col/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..adf0b6dc16 --- /dev/null +++ b/col/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +# Introduction to Colossians # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Colossians #### + +1. Greeting, thanksgiving, and prayer (1:1-12) +1. The person and work of Christ + - Deliverance and redemption (1:13-14) + - Christ: the Image of the invisible God, and the One who is over all creation (1:15-17) + - Christ is the Head of the Church, and the Church trusts in him (1:18-2:7) +1. Tests of faithfulness + - Philosophical challenges (2:8-10) + - Traditions and observances challenges (2:16,17) + - Worship of angels opposed (2:18-19) + - True godliness not rigid rules and unbending traditions (2:20-23) +1. Teaching and Living + - Life in Christ (3:1-4) + - Old life and new (3:5-17) + - Christian family (3:18-4:1) +1. Christian behavior (4:2-6) +1. Closing and greetings, in 4:7-18 + - Paul thanks Tychicus and Onesimus (4:7-9) + - Paul sends greetings from his associates (4:10-14) + - Paul gives directions to Archippus and the Christians in Laodicea (4:15-17) + - Paul's personal greeting (4:18) + +#### What is the Book of Colossians about? #### + +Much of Paul's letter to the believers in the city of Colossae is about false teachings that they had been given. There may have been some Jewish Christians who were trying to persuade the other believers to follow the Jewish laws from the Old Testament, especially the law requiring circumcision. Paul wanted to teach them that only Christ is needed for God to accept them; teachings based on human reasoning are useless. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Colossians." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Letter to the Church in Colossae," or "A Letter to the Christians in Colossae." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What were the religious issues that the church in Colossae struggled with? #### + +In the church in Colossae, there were false teachers. These people taught things contrary to scripture. Their exact teaching is unknown, but it probably involved teaching believers that it was acceptable to continue practicing their old religious customs. For those from a Jewish background, this included trying to follow the law of Moses. For those from a Gentile background, it may have included teachings that the human body was evil and that Jesus was not truly human. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### How does Paul use the imagery of heaven and earth? #### + +In this letter, Paul frequently speaks of heaven as above and distinguishes it from the earth, which Scripture speaks of as being below. The purpose of this imagery is not to teach that things on earth are inherently evil. Instead, the Christians are to live in a way that brings honor to God who lives in heaven, which is "above." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in Colossians in the ULB? #### + +The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In Colossians, the context mainly indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. So Colossians in the ULB uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 1:2, 12, 26) + +#### Was Jesus created, or is he eternal? #### + +Jesus is God, who became a human being. It was in this way that he joined the nature of God to the nature of humanity. Jesus was not a created being, but has always existed as God. There is potential for confusion in Colossians 1:15: " (Jesus) He is the firstborn of all creation" and "The Son has first place over everything that he has created." It is important that a translation not imply that Jesus is a created being; rather, he is the God-man, the person uniting the divine nature with human nature. + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +Paul means to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Colossians? #### + +The text of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of manuscripts that many believe are more accurate. The following are the most significant issues in the Book of Colossians: + +* "Grace to you and peace from God our Father" (1:2). The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions have a longer reading: "Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." +* "Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, a faithful servant of Christ for us" (1:7). Many versions, including the ULB and UDB, have this reading. However, other versions read "for you": "Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, a faithful servant of Christ for you." If other versions exist in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. +* "the Father, who has qualified you for a share in the inheritance in light" (1:12). The ULB and UDB have this reading. However, some other versions have "the Father, who has qualified us for a share in the inheritance in light." If other versions exist in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. +* "In his Son we have redemption." (1:14) The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions read: "In his Son we have redemption through his blood." +* "and forgave us all of our trespasses" (2:13). The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions read: "and forgave you all of your trespasses." +* "When Christ appears, who is your life" (3:4). The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions read: "When Christ appears, who is our life." +* "It is for these things that the wrath of God is coming on the sons of disobedience." (3:6) The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions have this reading. However, other modern versions read, "It is for these things that the wrath of God is coming." If other versions exist in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. +* "I sent him to you for this, that you might know the matters about us." (4:8) The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions read, "I sent him to you for this, that he might know the matters about you." + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/01.md b/dan/01/01.md index 10b13b00be..0192b81c29 100644 --- a/dan/01/01.md +++ b/dan/01/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia ## +# Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia ... gave Nebuchadnezzar -AT: "Nebuchadnezzar's soldiers" or "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar's soldiers ... them" or "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers ... them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## to cut off all supplies ## +# to cut off all supplies to it "to stop the people from receiving any supplies" -## Jehoiakim king of Judah ## +# Jehoiakim king of Judah -"the army of Jehoiakim king of Judah" +This refers to Jehoiakim and his soldiers, not only to Jehoiakim. AT: "the army of Jehoiakim king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## he gave him ## +# he gave him Jehoiakim gave Nebuchadnezzar -## He brought...his god...he placed...his god's ## +# He brought ... he placed -Nebuchadnezzar did these things for himself. \ No newline at end of file +Although Nebuchadnezzar did not do these things alone, it may easier for the reader to retain the singular pronouns. AT: "They brought ... they placed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He brought them + +Here "them" probably refers to Jehoiakim and other prisoners, as well as the sacred objects. + +# in his god's treasury + +This was an act of devotion to his god. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/03.md b/dan/01/03.md index d4314c813b..5f21a2d8e0 100644 --- a/dan/01/03.md +++ b/dan/01/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## Ashpenaz ## +# The king spoke -the chief official (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This refers to Nebuchadnezzar. -## nobility ## +# Ashpenaz -highest social class +This is the chief official. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## without blemish ## +# nobility -"who appeared perfect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This is the highest social class. -## filled with knowledge and understanding ## +# without blemish -who know much and can organize and use that information (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +These two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. AT: "with perfect appearance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## king's palace ## +# filled with knowledge and understanding -where the king lives. +This is an idiom. This means they knew much and could organize and use that information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## He was to teach them ## +# king's palace -Ashpenaz was to teach them +This is the large house or building where the king lives. -## delicacies ## +# He was to teach them -special, rare, good foods +"Ashpenaz was to teach them" -## trained ## +# The king counted out for them + +The king's officials did this task for him. AT: "The king's officials counted out for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his delicacies + +the special, rare, good foods that the king ate + +# These young men were to be trained + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Ashpenaz was to train these young men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# trained "taught skills" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/06.md b/dan/01/06.md index d050b9a4eb..aced8f2518 100644 --- a/dan/01/06.md +++ b/dan/01/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## The chief official ## +# Among these + +"Among the young men from Israel" + +# The chief official This refers to Ashpenaz who was King Nebuchadnezzar's highest official. -## Beltesharrar ... Shadrach ... Meshach ... Abednego ## +# Belteshazzar ... Shadrach ... Meshach ... Abednego -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are all men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/08.md b/dan/01/08.md index 4e6311e164..13c9d97e51 100644 --- a/dan/01/08.md +++ b/dan/01/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## delicacies ## +# Daniel intended in his mind -See how you translated this in [Daniel 1:1](./01.md). +Here "mind" refers to Daniel himself. AT: "Daniel decided to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## The king might have my head ## +# pollute himself -AT: "The king might kill me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +To "pollute" something is to make is unclean. Some of the food and drink of the Babylonians would make Daniel ceremonially unclean according to God's law. This can be made explicit. AT: "make himself unclean according to God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# delicacies + +This refers to the special, rare, good foods that the king ate. See how you translated this in [Daniel 1:3](./01.md). + +# Why should he see you looking worse than the other young men of your own age? + +The official uses this question to explain what he thought would happen. It can be a statement. AT: "He does not want to see you looking worse than the other young men of your own age." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The king might have my head + +This is an idiom. AT: "The king might cut off my head" or "The king might kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/11.md b/dan/01/11.md index 8fd23f5654..3362eb4b93 100644 --- a/dan/01/11.md +++ b/dan/01/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## compare our appearance ## +# compare our appearance with the appearance -"compare what we look like" \ No newline at end of file +Daniel asked the steward to see if he and his friends looked worse than the other young men. AT: "compare our appearance to see if it is worse than the appearance" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/14.md b/dan/01/14.md index 9c025ad0f2..f8ae3073a5 100644 --- a/dan/01/14.md +++ b/dan/01/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## their delicacies and their wine ## +# tested them ... their appearance ... they were ... their delicacies ... their wine -The word "their" refers to Daniel and his three friends. +All of these pronouns refer to Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. -## nourished ## +# nourished This means to have been made healthy from what you have eaten. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/17.md b/dan/01/17.md index 4b371bde3c..a8785e2d2b 100644 --- a/dan/01/17.md +++ b/dan/01/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## God gave them knowledge and insight in ## +# God gave them knowledge and insight -AT: "God gave them the ability to learn and understand clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns "knowledge" and "insight" can be expressed as the verbs "learn" and "understand." AT: "God gave them the ability to learn and understand clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in all literature and wisdom + +Here "all" is a generalization to show that they had a very good education and understanding. AT: "in many things that the Babylonians had written and studied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/19.md b/dan/01/19.md index 84e44741a8..cca718b77c 100644 --- a/dan/01/19.md +++ b/dan/01/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## The king spoke with them ## +# The king spoke with them The king spoke with the "four young men" ([Daniel 1:17](./17.md)). -## among the whole group there were none to compare with Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah ## +# among the whole group there were none to compare with Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah -AT: "Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah pleased him much more than anyone else in the whole group did" +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah pleased him much more than anyone else in the whole group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah ## +# Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah -See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:6](./06.md). +These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:6-7](./06.md). -## ten times better ## +# ten times better -AT: "much better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "ten times" is an exaggeration representing great quality. AT: "much better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the first year of King Cyrus + +"the first year that King Cyrus ruled Babylon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/01/intro.md b/dan/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0ccca9ad68 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Daniel 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Training for government jobs ##### + +Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were chosen to be trained for service in the Babylonian kingdom. It was not unusual for foreigners to be given positions in the Babylonian government as advisors or cultural ambassadors. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Food laws ##### + +The food from the king included things the Jews were not allowed to eat according to the law of Moses. Daniel requested permission not to eat the king's food. He proved to the king that this food was not necessary for good health. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Daniel intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/01.md b/dan/02/01.md index cc3dfbd5e7..fccf08a801 100644 --- a/dan/02/01.md +++ b/dan/02/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## In the second year ## +# In the second year "In year two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## he had dreams ## +# he had dreams -Nebuchadnezzar had dreams. +"Nebuchadnezzar had dreams" -## Then the king summoned the magicians ## +# His mind was troubled + +Here "mind" refers to his thoughts. AT: "His thoughts disturbed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# and he could not sleep + +His troubled thoughts prevented him from sleeping. AT: "so that he could not sleep" + +# Then the king summoned the magicians "Then the king called the magicians" -## the dead ## +# the dead "people who had died" -## they came in ## +# they came in "they came into the palace" -## stood before ## +# stood before "stood in front of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/03.md b/dan/02/03.md index 42c23f8dd7..3660e701b7 100644 --- a/dan/02/03.md +++ b/dan/02/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## anxious ## +# my mind is anxious + +Here "mind" refers to the king himself. AT: "I am anxious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# anxious "troubled" -## Aramaic ## +# Aramaic This is the language that people in Babylon spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## King, live forever! ## +# King, live forever! -The men probably said this to show the king that they were loyal to him. AT: "King, we hope you will live forever." +The men probably said this to show the king that they were loyal to him. AT: "King, we hope you will live forever!" -## us, your servants ## +# us, your servants The men called themselves the king's servants to show him respect. -## we will reveal ## +# we will reveal -Here the word "we" refers to the men that the king is speaking to and does not include the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "we" refers to the men that the king is speaking to and does not include the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/05.md b/dan/02/05.md index bd443af228..b28f964bdf 100644 --- a/dan/02/05.md +++ b/dan/02/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## into hills of dung ## +# This matter has been settled -"into dung piles" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have already decided what to do about this matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your bodies will be torn apart and your houses made into rubbish heaps + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will command my soldiers to tear your bodies apart and to make your houses into rubbish heaps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will receive gifts from me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will give you gifts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/07.md b/dan/02/07.md index 315820b649..b56fd008d3 100644 --- a/dan/02/07.md +++ b/dan/02/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## there is only one sentence for you ## +# Let the king tell us + +The wise men addressed the king in the third person as a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# you see how firm my decision is about this + +A decision that will not be changed is spoken of as something firm. AT: "you see that I will not change my decision about this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is only one sentence for you "there is only one punishment for you" -## false and deceptive words ## +# false and deceptive words -"lies" or "lies and other things to deceive me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two words mean approximately the same thing and emphasize that these are "lies intended to deceive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/10.md b/dan/02/10.md index 1bbc51272a..7952e43570 100644 --- a/dan/02/10.md +++ b/dan/02/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## great and powerful ## +# great and powerful -These two words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]). \ No newline at end of file +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of the king's power. AT: "most powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# there is no one who can tell it to the king except the gods + +This is stated in negative form for emphasis. It can be stated in positive form. AT: "only the gods can tell this to the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/12.md b/dan/02/12.md index 8767c3b252..745c8db7be 100644 --- a/dan/02/12.md +++ b/dan/02/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## angry and very furious ## +# angry and very furious -These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his anger. AT: "incredibly angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## all those in Babylon ## +# all those in Babylon "all the men in Babylon" -## So the decree went out ## +# So the decree went out -AT: "So the king issued a command" or "So the king gave a command" +The decree is spoken of as if it was alive and able to go out by itself. AT: "So the king issued a command" or "So the king gave a command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## All those known for their wisdom were to be put to death ## +# all those who were known for their wisdom were to be put to death -AT: "The soldiers were to kill all of the men who were known for their wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the soldiers were to kill all of the men who were known for their wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so they could be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "in order to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/14.md b/dan/02/14.md index 25aa4c251f..caf1bed150 100644 --- a/dan/02/14.md +++ b/dan/02/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Arioch ## +# prudence and discretion -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his prudence. AT: "caution and careful judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## prudence and discretion ## +# Arioch -"caution and careful judgement." These two words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This is the name of the king's commander. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## bodyguard ## +# bodyguard -This is a group of people whose job is to protect the king. +This is a group of men whose job is to protect the king. -## who had come to kill ## +# who had come to kill "who the king had sent out to kill" -## requested an appointment with the king ## +# Daniel went in + +Daniel probably went to the palace. AT: "Daniel went to the palace" or "Daniel went to talk with the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# requested an appointment with the king "asked for a set time to meet with the king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/17.md b/dan/02/17.md index c7cdd1df29..77d105237c 100644 --- a/dan/02/17.md +++ b/dan/02/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## his house ## +# his house -This is Daniel's house. +This is referring to Daniel's house. -## what had happened ## +# what had happened -AT: "about the king's decree" +"about the king's decree" -## He urged them to seek mercy ## +# He urged them to seek mercy "He begged them to pray for mercy" -## so that he and they might not be killed ## +# so that he and they might not be killed -AT: "so that the king would not kill them" or "so that the king's bodyguard would not kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the king would not kill them" or "so that the king's bodyguard would not kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/19.md b/dan/02/19.md index 8137ed1681..9e6284fc13 100644 --- a/dan/02/19.md +++ b/dan/02/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## That night the secret was revealed ## +# That night the mystery was revealed -AT: "That night God revealed the secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "That night God revealed the mystery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the secret ## +# the mystery -"the secret of the king's dream" +This is referring to the king's dream and its meaning. -## Praise the name of God ## +# Praise the name of God -AT: "Praise God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" refers to God himself. AT: "Praise God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/21.md b/dan/02/21.md index 0672bc0b9b..f67efa3efd 100644 --- a/dan/02/21.md +++ b/dan/02/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + These verses are also part of Daniel's prayer. -## he removes kings ## +# he removes kings -AT: "he takes away kings' authority to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +"he takes away kings' authority to rule" -## and places kings on their thrones ## +# places kings on their thrones -The idea of kings being on their thrones refers to them ruling. AT: "and makes new kings rule over their kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here being on the "throne" refers to ruling over a kingdom. AT: "makes new kings rule over their kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the light lives with him ## +# the light lives with him -AT: "the light comes from where God is" \ No newline at end of file +"the light comes from where God is" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/23.md b/dan/02/23.md index a8cd8a98c5..9359d59505 100644 --- a/dan/02/23.md +++ b/dan/02/23.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -This verse is also part of Daniel's prayer. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +This verse is also part of Daniel's prayer. He stops addressing God in the third person and switches to the more personal second person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# made known to me what we requested from you + +"told me what my friends and I asked you to tell us" + +# made known to us the matter that concerns the king + +"told us what the king wants to know" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/24.md b/dan/02/24.md index 3ce411a4e4..01a5bc15eb 100644 --- a/dan/02/24.md +++ b/dan/02/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Arioch ## +# Arioch -See how you translated this name in [Daniel 2:14](./14.md). +This is the name of the king's commander. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 2:14](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## everyone who was wise ## +# everyone who was wise "the wise men" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/25.md b/dan/02/25.md index 1ce7cb103e..2423fd0f26 100644 --- a/dan/02/25.md +++ b/dan/02/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Belteshazzar ## +# Belteshazzar -See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:6](../01/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/27.md b/dan/02/27.md index f99645ef4e..65e9443fe3 100644 --- a/dan/02/27.md +++ b/dan/02/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## The mystery that the king ... and not astrologers ## +# The mystery that the king has asked about ... not by astrologers -AT: "Those who have wisdom, those who claim to speak with the dead, magicians, and astrologers cannot reveal the mystery that the king has demanded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Those who have wisdom, those who claim to speak with the dead, magicians, and astrologers cannot reveal the mystery about which the king has asked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The mystery that the king has demanded ## +# The mystery that the king has asked about This phrase refers to the king's dream. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/29.md b/dan/02/29.md index 8fa988d263..f716a4e1d4 100644 --- a/dan/02/29.md +++ b/dan/02/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Daniel continues talking to the king. -## the one who reveals secrets ## +# the one who reveals mysteries -This phrase refers to God. AT: "God, who reveals mysteries" or "God, who makes secrets known" +This phrase refers to God. AT: "God, who reveals mysteries" or "God, who makes mysteries known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## This secret was revealed to me so that you ## +# this mystery was not revealed to me -AT: "He revealed the secret to me so that you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God did not reveal this mystery to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## deep within you ## +# This mystery was revealed to me so that you -AT: "deep inside your mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He revealed the mystery to me so that you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# know the thoughts deep within you + +This phrase is using the word "you" referring to the person's mind. AT: "know the thoughts deep inside your mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/31.md b/dan/02/31.md index b4e971d1e2..7a8e52706f 100644 --- a/dan/02/31.md +++ b/dan/02/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Daniel continues talking to the king. -## was made of fine gold ## +# was made of fine gold "was of fine gold" or "was fine gold" -## were made partly of iron and partly of clay ## +# were made partly of iron and partly of clay "were partly of iron and partly of clay" or "were partly iron and partly clay" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/34.md b/dan/02/34.md index b0c3c9d637..982404df26 100644 --- a/dan/02/34.md +++ b/dan/02/34.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Daniel continues talking to the king. -## like the chaff of the threshing floors in the summer ## +# a stone was cut out, although not by human hands, and it -The pieces of the statue were small and light enough to be blown away by the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This can be stated in active form if it is divided into two sentences. AT: "someone cut a stone from a mountain, but it was not a human who cut it. The stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## filled the whole earth ## +# like the chaff of the threshing floors in the summer + +This phrase is comparing the pieces of the statue to small and light things which could be blown away by the wind. AT: "like dry pieces of grass blowing away in the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# there was no trace of them left + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "they were completely gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# filled the whole earth "spread over the whole earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/36.md b/dan/02/36.md index 84e0c46ff3..65f5ac01a3 100644 --- a/dan/02/36.md +++ b/dan/02/36.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Daniel continues talking to the king. -## the power, the strength ## +# Now we will tell the king + +Here "we" refers only to Daniel. He may have used to plural form in humility to avoid taking credit for knowing the meaning of the dream that God had revealed to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# king of the kings + +"the most important king" or "a king who rules over other kings" + +# the power, the strength These words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## He has given into your hand ## +# He has given into your hand the place -AT: "He has given you control." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "hand" refers to control. AT: "He has given you control over the place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the place where the human beings live ## +# the place where the human beings live -The place is used to represent the people who live there. AT: "the people of the land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The place is used to represent the people who live there. AT: "the people of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He has given over the animals ... into your hand ## +# He has given over the animals ... into your hand -AT: "He has given you control over the animals of the fields and the birds of the heavens" +Here "hand" refers to control. AT: "He has given you control over the animals of the fields and the birds of the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## You are the statue's head of gold ## +# birds of the heavens -AT: "The golden head symbolizes you" or "The golden head is a symbol of you and your power" \ No newline at end of file +Here "heavens" is used in the sense of "skies." + +# You are the statue's head of gold + +In the king's dream the statue's head represents the king. AT: "The golden head symbolizes you" or "The golden head is a symbol of you and your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/39.md b/dan/02/39.md index 46080d8874..97e26b6e95 100644 --- a/dan/02/39.md +++ b/dan/02/39.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Daniel continues talking to the king. -## another kingdom will arise ## +# another kingdom will arise -AT: "another kingdom, which is of silver, will arise" or "another kingdom, which is represented by the silver parts of the statue, will arise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +In the king's dream his kingdom is gold so an inferior kingdom would be silver. AT: "another kingdom, which is of silver, will arise" or "another kingdom, which is represented by the silver parts of the statue, will arise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## yet a third kingdom of bronze ## +# yet a third kingdom of bronze -"yet kingdom number three, which is of bronze," or "then still another kingdom, which is represented by the bronze parts of the statue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is symbolic language where the bronze of parts of the statue represent a future kingdom. AT: "then still another kingdom, which is represented by the bronze parts of the statue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a third kingdom + +"kingdom number three" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/40.md b/dan/02/40.md index 9797226353..d53826b863 100644 --- a/dan/02/40.md +++ b/dan/02/40.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Daniel continues talking to the king. -## There will be a fourth kingdom ## +# There will be a fourth kingdom -"There will be a kingdom number four" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file +"There will be a kingdom number four" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# strong as iron + +The fourth kingdom is spoken of as being as strong as iron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# It will shatter all these things and crush them + +This symbolic language means the fourth kingdom will defeat and replace the other kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# all these things + +"the previous kingdoms" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/41.md b/dan/02/41.md index a9fa083bd6..c6d3555296 100644 --- a/dan/02/41.md +++ b/dan/02/41.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Daniel continues talking to the king. -## Just as you saw ## +# Just as you saw -Nebuchadnezzar saw that the feet had been made of clay and iron. He did not see the process of making the feet. +Nebuchadnezzar saw that the feet consisted of clay and iron. He did not see the process of making the feet. -## were partly made of baked clay and partly made of iron ## +# were partly made of baked clay and partly made of iron -AT: "were a mixture of baked clay and iron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "were a mixture of baked clay and iron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they will not hold together ## +# they will not stay together -AT: "they will not be united" \ No newline at end of file +"they will not remain united" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/44.md b/dan/02/44.md index 9041be5e38..18a5a699e2 100644 --- a/dan/02/44.md +++ b/dan/02/44.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Daniel continues talking to the king. -## In the days of those kings ## +# In the days of those kings -The word "kings" refers to the rulers of the kingdoms symbolized by the different parts of the statue. +Here "those kings" refers to the rulers of the kingdoms symbolized by the different parts of the statue. -## reliable ## +# that will never be destroyed, nor will it be conquered by another people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that no one will ever destroy, and that another people never conquer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a stone was cut out of the mountain, but not by human hands + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone cut a stone from the mountain, but it was not a human who cut it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# reliable trustworthy and correct \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/46.md b/dan/02/46.md index ffbf3f41c6..5df3969206 100644 --- a/dan/02/46.md +++ b/dan/02/46.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## fell on his face ## +# fell on his face -AT: "lay down with his face on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This symbolic act showed that the king was honoring Daniel. AT: "lay down with his face on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Truly your God ## +# an offering be made and that incense be offered up to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his servants make an offering and offer up incense to Daniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Truly your God "It is true that your God" -## the one who reveals secrets ## +# the God of gods, the Lord of kings -See how you translated "the one who reveals secrets" in [Daniel 2:29](./29.md). +"greater than all the other gods, and King over all other kings" -## to reveal this mystery ## +# the one who reveals mysteries + +Translate "the one who reveals mysteries" as in [Daniel 2:29](./29.md). + +# to reveal this mystery "to reveal the mystery of my dream" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/48.md b/dan/02/48.md index 9810d3c095..c60acd68b3 100644 --- a/dan/02/48.md +++ b/dan/02/48.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Shadrach, Meshach, Abednego ## +# He made him ruler -See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:6](../01/06.md). +"The king made Daniel the ruler" -## He made him ruler ## +# Shadrach ... Meshach ... Abednego -“The king made Daniel the ruler" \ No newline at end of file +These were the Babylonian names of the three Jewish men who were brought to Babylon with Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/06.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/02/intro.md b/dan/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f9e8458738 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Daniel 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:20-23, which is a special prayer. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The king's dream ##### + +Daniel told the king's dream and what the dream meant. In the ancient Near East, it was believed that only people in touch with the gods could interpret dreams. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +##### How Daniel knew the dream ##### + +Daniel gave Yahweh the honor for having told him the dream and its meaning in answer to the prayers of the four men. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/01.md b/dan/03/01.md index eacf1bd945..bd9e15a6f4 100644 --- a/dan/03/01.md +++ b/dan/03/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## sixty cubits tall and six cubits wide ## +# Nebuchadnezzar made a gold statue ... He set it up -“about 27 meters tall and almost three meters wide" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to make a gold statue ... They set it up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Plain of Dura ## +# sixty cubits tall and six cubits wide -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "about 27 meters tall and almost 3 meters wide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## provincial governors, regional governors, local governors​ ## +# Plain of Dura -These are ranks of authority over different sizes of territory. +This is a location within the kingdom of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## treasurers ## +# provincial governors ... regional governors ... local governors -These officials are in charge of money. +These are officials who have authority over different sizes of territory. -## the statue that he had set up ## +# treasurers -AT: "the statue that Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +These officials are in charge of money. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/03.md b/dan/03/03.md index db3050845e..1375104526 100644 --- a/dan/03/03.md +++ b/dan/03/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## the provincial governors, regional governors, ... officials of the provinces ## +# the provincial governors, regional governors, ... officials of the provinces -See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:1](./01.md). +See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:2](./01.md). -## herald ## +# the statue that Nebuchadnezzar had set up + +Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. AT: "the statue that Nebuchadnezzar's men had set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# herald This person is an official messenger for the king. -## You are commanded ## +# You are commanded -AT: "The king commands you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. "The king commands you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## zithers ## +# peoples, nations, and languages -These are musical instruments similar to the harps. They are shaped like triangles and have four strings. +Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. AT: "people from different nations and who speak different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## fall down and prostrate yourselves​ ## +# zithers -This is an act of worship. +These are musical instruments similar to harps. They are shaped like triangles and have four strings. -## the golden statue that King Nebuchadnezzar has set up ## +# fall down -AT: "the golden statue that King Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to set up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "fall down" means "quickly lie down" + +# prostrate yourselves to + +"stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/06.md b/dan/03/06.md index 9590932cc3..4382392e02 100644 --- a/dan/03/06.md +++ b/dan/03/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## Whoever does not fall down and worship, at that very moment, will be thrown into a blazing furnace ## +# Whoever does not fall down and worship, at that very moment, will be thrown into a blazing furnace -AT: "The soldiers will throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not fall down and worship the statue at the very moment they hear the music." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The soldiers will throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not fall down and worship the statue at the very moment they hear the music" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## blazing furnace ## +# fall down -This is a large room where people burn things. +Here "fall down" means "quickly lie down" -## the horns, flutes, ... and all kinds of music ## +# blazing furnace -the horns, flutes, ... and all kinds of music See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:3](./03.md). +This is a large room filled with a hot fire. -## the statue that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up ## +# all the peoples, nations, and languages -AT: "the statue that Nebuchadnezzar the king had commanded his men to set up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "all" that means all the people who were present. + +# peoples, nations, and languages + +Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](./03.md). AT: "people from different nations and who spoke different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the horns, flutes ... and pipes + +These are musical instruments. See how you translated these words in [Daniel 3:5](./03.md). + +# fell down + +Here "fell down" means "quickly lay down" + +# prostrated themselves to + +They did this to worship the statue. AT: "stretched themselves out on the ground face down in worship of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the golden statue that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up + +Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. AT: "the golden statue that King Nebuchadnezzar's men had set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/08.md b/dan/03/08.md index 78f218b336..af7a40873e 100644 --- a/dan/03/08.md +++ b/dan/03/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the writer tells about some new people in the story. +This word is used to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer tells about some new people in the story. -## King live forever! ## +# King, live forever This was a common greeting to the king. -## the horns, flutes, ... and all kinds of music ## +# the horns, flutes ... and pipes -the horns, flutes, ... and all kinds of music See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +These are musical instruments. See how you translated these words in [Daniel 3:5](./03.md). + +# fall down + +Here "fall down" means "quickly lie down" + +# prostrate himself to + +The people would do this to worship the statue. AT: "stretch himself out on the ground face down in worship of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/11.md b/dan/03/11.md index dfeeb3ea98..718da856e7 100644 --- a/dan/03/11.md +++ b/dan/03/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Whoever does not fall down and worship must be thrown into a blazing furnace ## +# Whoever does not fall down and worship must be thrown into a blazing furnace -AT: “Soldiers will throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not lie down on the ground and worship.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Soldiers must throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not lie down on the ground and worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## blazing furnace ## +# fall down -This is a large room where people burn things. +Here "fall down" means "quickly lie down" -## affairs ## +# blazing furnace -matters or business +This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](./06.md). -## pay no attention to you ## +# affairs + +"matters" or "business" + +# Shadrach ... Meshach ... Abednego + +These are the Babylonian names of the three Jewish friends of Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/06.md). + +# pay no attention to you "do not pay attention to you" -## Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego ## +# prostrate themselves -See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:6](../01/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +They would do this to worship the statue. AT: "stretch themselves out on the ground face down in worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the golden statue you have set up + +Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. AT: "the golden statue your men have set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/13.md b/dan/03/13.md index 23e25350cb..1f4b1a96c0 100644 --- a/dan/03/13.md +++ b/dan/03/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego ## +# filled with anger and rage -See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:6](../01/06.md). +Nebuchadnezzar's anger and rage were so intense that they are spoken of as if they had filled him up. Here "anger" and "rage" mean about the same thing and are used to emphasize how upset the king was. AT: "extremely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Have you made your minds up ## +# Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego -AT: "Have you firmly decided"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the Babylonian names of the three Jewish friends of Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/06.md). + +# Have you made your minds up + +Here "mind" refers to deciding. To "make up your mind" is an idiom that means to firmly decide. AT: "Have you firmly decided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# prostrate yourselves to + +The three men would not do this to worship the statue. AT: "stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the golden statue that I have set up + +Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. AT: "the golden statue that my men have set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/15.md b/dan/03/15.md index 8ac0526e2e..19f36d6bf8 100644 --- a/dan/03/15.md +++ b/dan/03/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## the horns, flutes, ... and all kinds of music ## +# the horns, flutes ... and pipes -the horns, flutes, ... and all kinds of music See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:3](./03.md). +These are musical instruments. See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:5](./03.md). -## all will be well ## +# fall down -AT: "there will no longer be a problem" or "you will be free to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "fall down" means "quickly lie down" -## blazing furnace ## +# prostrate yourselves to -This is a large room where people burn things. +stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Who is the god ... my hands? ## +# all will be well -The king does not expect an answer. He is threatening the three men. AT: "No god will be able to rescue you from my power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"there will no longer be a problem" or "you will be free to go" -## you will immediately be thrown into a blazing furnace. ## +# the statue that I have made -"my soldiers will immediately throw you into the blazing fire." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. AT: "the statue that my men have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will immediately be thrown into a blazing furnace + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my soldiers will immediately throw you into a blazing furnace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# blazing furnace + +This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](./06.md). + +# Who is the god ... my hands? + +The king does not expect an answer. He is threatening the three men. AT: "No god is able to rescue you from my power!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# out of my hands + +Here "hands" refers to power to punish. AT: "from my punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/16.md b/dan/03/16.md index ab2a980cae..e6ef6292ea 100644 --- a/dan/03/16.md +++ b/dan/03/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Nebuchadnezzar, we have no need ## +# blazing furnace -Here the three men are calling the king my his first name. AT: "King Nebuchadnezzar, we have no need" +This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](./06.md). -## But if not, let it be known to you, king ## +# out of your hand -"But king, you must know, that even if our God does not rescue us" +Here "hand" refers to power to punish. AT: "from your punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to the golden statue you set up ## +# But if not, let it be known to you, king, that -"to the golden statue your men set up"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"But king, we must let you know that even if our God does not rescue us" + +# prostrate ourselves to + +People would do this to worship their gods. AT: "stretch ourselves out on the ground face down in worship of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the golden statue you set up + +Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. AT: "the golden statue your men set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/19.md b/dan/03/19.md index 69fe983486..e6e857ff1e 100644 --- a/dan/03/19.md +++ b/dan/03/19.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# Nebuchadnezzar was filled with rage + +The king was so angry that rage is spoken of as if it were filling him up. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar became extremely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He commanded that the furnace should be heated seven times hotter than it was normally heated + +Here "seven times hotter" is an idiom that means to make it very much hotter. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He commanded his men to make the furnace very much hotter than they normally make it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/21.md b/dan/03/21.md index 2db2cbd252..025e1ca296 100644 --- a/dan/03/21.md +++ b/dan/03/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## turbans ## +# turbans A turban is a head covering made of wrapped cloth. -## Because the king's commands were strictly followed ## +# blazing furnace -AT: "Because the men followed the king's commands quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](./06.md). + +# Because the king's command was strictly followed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Because the men did exactly what the king commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/24.md b/dan/03/24.md index ceb295f706..7166b478a4 100644 --- a/dan/03/24.md +++ b/dan/03/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Did we not throw three men tip up into the fire? ## +# Did we not throw three men tied up into the fire -"We threw three men tied up into the fire, right?" +"We threw three men tied up into the fire, right" -## The brilliance of the fourt​h is ## +# The brilliance of the fourth is like a son of the gods -"Man four is giving off a very bright light." - -## like a son of the gods ## - -The gods were believed to shine brightly with light. \ No newline at end of file +The gods were believed to shine brightly with light. AT: "Man four is shining brightly with light as a son of the gods would shine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/26.md b/dan/03/26.md index 6d8dd39582..2d229fbbcd 100644 --- a/dan/03/26.md +++ b/dan/03/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the provincial governors, regional governors, other governors ## +# The provincial governors, regional governors, other governors -See how you translated these in [Daniel 3:1](./01.md). +These are officials who have authority over different sizes of territory. See how you translated these in [Daniel 3:2](./01.md). -## the hair on their heads was not singed ## +# the hair on their heads was not singed -AT: "The fire had not singed the hair on their heads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the fire had not singed the hair on their heads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## singed ## +# singed -to be lightly burned +"lightly burned" -## their robes were not harmed ## +# their robes were not harmed -AT: "the fire did not harm their robes" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the fire did not harm their robes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there was no smell of fire on them + +"they did not smell like fire" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/28.md b/dan/03/28.md index 315fec6457..6e52ec3f70 100644 --- a/dan/03/28.md +++ b/dan/03/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## they set aside my command, ## +# they set aside my command -"they ignored my command" +Not obeying the king's command is spoken of as if they had physically moved it away from them. AT: "they ignored my command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they gave up their bodies ## +# they gave up their bodies -AT: "they were willing to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase refers to the three men's willingness to die for what they believed. AT: "they were willing to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## prostrate themselves ## +# prostrate themselves to -This phrase means to lie on the ground, face down, in worship. +People would do this to worship their gods. AT: "stretch themselves out on the ground face down in honor of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## to any god except their God ## +# any god except their God -"to any other god except their God" \ No newline at end of file +"any other god except their God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/29.md b/dan/03/29.md index 469057f1b5..0cb4774191 100644 --- a/dan/03/29.md +++ b/dan/03/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## any people, nation, or language ... must be torn apart, and that their houses must be made into hills of sewage ## +# any people, nation, or language ... must be torn apart, and that their houses must be made into rubbish heaps -AT: "My servants will tear apart any people, nation, or language ... and make their houses into hills of sewage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my servants will tear apart any people, nation, or language ... and make their houses into piles of garbage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## speaks anything against the God ## +# any people, nation, or language that speaks + +Here "nations" and "language" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 3:4](./03.md). AT: "any people from any nation, or those who speak any language that says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# speaks anything against the God "speaks words that do not respect the God" -## must be torn apart ## +# must be torn apart -"must have their bodies torn apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"must have their bodies torn apart" -## hills of sewage ## +# there is no other god who is able to save like this -"dung piles" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "only their God is able to save like this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/03/intro.md b/dan/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..20cfcbe8ad --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Daniel 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The king's new idol ##### + +Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego refused to worship the new idol. In the ancient Near East, refusing to worship the king was a sign of rebellion against the king. It was often considered the crime of treason. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]]) + +##### The furnace ##### + +There was a fourth person with them in the furnace, and because of this they were not hurt. Most scholars believe this to be Jesus before he was born. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/01.md b/dan/04/01.md index 6d864dac86..73b1f5131e 100644 --- a/dan/04/01.md +++ b/dan/04/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## King Nebuchadnezzar sent ## +# General Information: -AT: "Nebuchadnezzar sent his messengers with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +In this chapter, Nebuchadnezzar tells what God did to him. In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. Verses 19-33 switch to the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. Verses 34-37 change back to first person as Nebuchadnezzar describes his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## all peoples, nations, and languages ## +# King Nebuchadnezzar sent -"all peoples of every nation and language" +This phrase is referring to the king's messenger as the king himself. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar sent his messengers with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## who lived on the earth ## +# peoples, nations, and languages -Often kings will generate how wide their kingdom is. Nebuchadnezzar did though rule over most of the known world at time this book was written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/03.md). AT: "people from different nations and who speak different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## May your peace increase ## +# who lived on the earth + +Kings would often exaggerate how wide their kingdom was. Nebuchadnezzar did rule over most of the known world at the time this book was written. AT: "who lived in the kingdom of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# May your peace increase This is a common greeting. -## signs and wonders ## +# signs and wonders -Both of these words have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These words share similar meanings and refer to the amazing things that God had done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## How great are his signs, and how mighty are his wonders! ## +# How great are his signs, and how mighty are his wonders! Both of these phrases have the same meaning and are used to emphasize how great God's signs and wonders are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## His kingdom is ... generation to generation ## +# His kingdom is ... generation to generation Both of these phrases have the same meaning and are repeated to emphasize how God's reign is forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/04.md b/dan/04/04.md index 4f0cde7b44..25e087ffc3 100644 --- a/dan/04/04.md +++ b/dan/04/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## I was living happily ... in my palace ## +# General Information: + +In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# was living happily ... was enjoying prosperity + +These two phrases are parallel and mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# my house ... my palace These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## But a dream I had ... my mind troubled me ## +# a dream ... the images ... the visions -Both "dream" and "visions" are parallel because they mean the same thing. Also, "afraid" and "troubled me" are parallel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## all the men of Babylon who had wisdom​ ## +# made me afraid ... troubled me + +These phrases are parallel and they mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# all the men of Babylon who had wisdom "all the wise men of Babylon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/07.md b/dan/04/07.md index 3ad4892566..c9ef917f72 100644 --- a/dan/04/07.md +++ b/dan/04/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## who is named Belteshazzar ## +# General Information: -AT: "who I named Belteshazzar"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Belteshazzar ## +# who is named Belteshazzar -See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:6](../01/06.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who I named Belteshazzar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I know that the spirit of the holy gods is in you ## +# Belteshazzar -Nebuchadnezzar says this to Daniel because he believes that Daniel's power comes from the false god's that Nebuchadnezzar worships. \ No newline at end of file +This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/06.md). + +# the spirit of the holy gods + +Nebuchadnezzar believed that Daniel's power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. + +# no mystery is too difficult for you + +The can be stated in positive form. AT: "you understand the meaning of every mystery" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/10.md b/dan/04/10.md index 7fc2bf60eb..f6c371d788 100644 --- a/dan/04/10.md +++ b/dan/04/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## sights ## +# General Information: + +In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# sights things that you see -## its fruit was abundant ## +# its height was very great + +"it was very tall" + +# Its top reached to the heavens ... it could be seen to the ends of the whole earth + +This is symbolic language that exaggerates how tall and how well-known the tree was. AT: "It seemed that its top reached up to the sky and that everyone in the world could see it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# its fruit was abundant "there was a lot of fruit on the tree" -## was food for all ## +# was food for all "was food for all people and animals" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/13.md b/dan/04/13.md index 9343ccb735..8dcad8f362 100644 --- a/dan/04/13.md +++ b/dan/04/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## He shouted and said ## +# General Information: + +In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I saw in my mind + +This refers to seeing a dream or vision. AT: "I saw in my dream" + +# He shouted and said It can be made clear that the holy messenger was speaking to more than one person. AT: "He shouted to some people and said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Let the animals flee ... from its branches ## +# Let the animals flee ... from its branches -AT: "The animals will be free to flee from under it and the bird will fly away from its branches" \ No newline at end of file +"The animals will flee from under it and the bird will fly away from its branches" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/15.md b/dan/04/15.md index 42951959ca..087b2584f0 100644 --- a/dan/04/15.md +++ b/dan/04/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + +In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# General Information: + The holy messenger in the vision continues shouting to some people. -## brass ## - -This is a shiny yellow metal that is made of tin and zinc. - -## stump of its roots ## +# stump of its roots This is the part of the tree that is left above the ground after a tree is cut down. -## dew ## +# dew the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings -## Let his mind be changed ... seven years pass by ## +# Let his mind be changed ... seven years pass by -AT: "The man's mind will change from an man's mind to an animal's mind for a period of 7 years" \ No newline at end of file +Since the tree represents Nebuchadnezzar, the masculine pronouns "his" and "him" in verse 16 refer to the same tree as the neuter pronoun "it" in verse 15. AT: "The man's mind will change from a man's mind to an animal's mind for a period of seven years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/17.md b/dan/04/17.md index 3764eb6848..a49c9a34f0 100644 --- a/dan/04/17.md +++ b/dan/04/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## It is a decision made by the holy ones ## +# General Information: -AT: "The holy angels have made this decision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Belteshazzar ## +# It is a decision made by the holy ones -See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:6](../01/06.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The holy ones have made this decision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the spirit of the holy gods ## +# the holy ones -See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:7](./07.md). +This phrase probably refers to angels. AT: "the holy angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## you are able to do so ## +# those who are alive -"you are able to interpret it" \ No newline at end of file +"every living person" or "everyone" + +# gives them + +"gives the kingdoms" + +# Belteshazzar + +This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/06.md). + +# you are able to do so + +"you are able to interpret it" + +# the spirit of the holy gods + +Nebuchadnezzar believed that Daniel's power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. These are not the same as "the holy ones" in verse 17. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](./07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/19.md b/dan/04/19.md index 1dbe58ea47..8f9b03e51a 100644 --- a/dan/04/19.md +++ b/dan/04/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## who was also named Belteshazzar ## +# General Information: -AT: "who I also named Belteshazzar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# who was also named Belteshazzar + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who I also named Belteshazzar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was greatly upset for a while, and his thoughts alarmed him + +Daniel's understanding of the meaning of the vision is what alarmed him. This can be explicitly stated. AT: "did not say anything for some time because he was very worried about the meaning of the dream" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# may the dream be for those who hate you; may its interpretation be for your enemies + +Daniel is expressing his wish that the dream was not about Nebuchadnezzar, even though he knew that it really was about the king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/20.md b/dan/04/20.md index 88ae21c903..fb97c51e2c 100644 --- a/dan/04/20.md +++ b/dan/04/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## this tree is you, king ## +# General Information: -"this tree represents you, king," +Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## abundant ## +# General Information: + +Many terms in these verses are almost the same as [Daniel 4:10-12](./10.md). See how you translated those verses. + +# abundant "very plentiful" -## Your greatness has grown ... your authority reaches ... ## +# this tree is you, king -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"this tree represents you, king" -## Your greatness has grown ## +# Your greatness has grown ... your authority reaches -AT: "your greatness has increased and is known from here to the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean similar things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Your greatness has grown + +This phrase is using the word "grown" as a way of saying the king's greatness has increased. AT: "Your greatness has increased" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# to the heavens ... to the ends of the earth + +These phrases are exaggerations to emphasize that everyone everywhere knew how great Nebuchadnezzar was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/23.md b/dan/04/23.md index a8e9c7d879..3ec0a0ef00 100644 --- a/dan/04/23.md +++ b/dan/04/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## the stump of its roots ## +# General Information: + +Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# General Information: + +This verse is almost the same as [Daniel 4:13-14](./13.md) and [Daniel 4:15-16](./15.md). See how you translated those verses. + +# the stump of its roots This is the part of the tree that is left above ground after a tree is cut down. -## dew ## +# in the middle of the tender grass of the field -the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings \ No newline at end of file +"surrounded by the tender grass of the field" + +# dew + +the moisture that settles on the ground in the mornings \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/24.md b/dan/04/24.md index 69fe983486..7524d5ee75 100644 --- a/dan/04/24.md +++ b/dan/04/24.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# General Information: + +Many terms in these verses are almost the same as [Daniel 4:15-16](./15.md). See how you translated those verses. + +# that has reached you + +"that you have heard" + +# You will be driven from among men + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Men will drive you away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will be made to eat grass + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will eat grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/26.md b/dan/04/26.md index 8dc0826007..45b6507d2e 100644 --- a/dan/04/26.md +++ b/dan/04/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## that heaven rules ## +# General Information: -AT: "that God is the ruler of all." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## it may be that your prosperity will be extended ## +# heaven rules -AT:"God may extend your prosperity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "heaven" refers to God who lives in heaven. AT: "God in heaven is the ruler of all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let my advice be acceptable to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "please accept my advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Turn away from your iniquities + +Here rejecting iniquity is spoken of as turning away from it. AT: "Reject your iniquities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the oppressed + +This nominal adjective refers to people who are oppressed. AT: "people who are oppressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# it may be that your prosperity will be extended + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God may extend your prosperity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/28.md b/dan/04/28.md index c318a344f6..4991c9e014 100644 --- a/dan/04/28.md +++ b/dan/04/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## twelve months ## +# General Information: -"12 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# All these things ... in Babylon + +The information in [Daniel 4:28-29](./28.md) has been rearranged so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# Twelve months + +"12 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Is this not the great Babylon ... for the glory of my majesty? + +Nebuchadnezzar asks this question to emphasize his own glory. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "This is the great Babylon ... for the glory of my majesty!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# for the glory of my majesty + +"to show people my honor and my greatness" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/31.md b/dan/04/31.md index a6014b8666..2dbcd95870 100644 --- a/dan/04/31.md +++ b/dan/04/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## While the king was still saying this ## +# General Information: -"While the king was still speaking" +Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## King Nebuchadnezzar ... no longer belongs to you ## +# While the words were still on the lips of the king -AT: "King Nebuchadnezzar, a decree went out against you that this kingdom no longer belongs to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This idiom means the king was still in the act of speaking. AT: "While the king was still speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## anyone he wishes ## +# a voice came from heaven -"anyone he chooses" \ No newline at end of file +"he heard a voice from heaven" + +# King Nebuchadnezzar ... has been taken away from you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "King Nebuchadnezzar, a decree went out against you that this kingdom no longer belongs to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will be driven away from people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will chase you away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# anyone he wishes + +"whoever he chooses" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/33.md b/dan/04/33.md index 7f2a219d6d..2f24ace343 100644 --- a/dan/04/33.md +++ b/dan/04/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## This decree against Nebuchadnezzar was carried out immediately ## +# General Information: -AT: “This decree against Nebuchadnezzar happened immediately.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## He was driven away from people ## +# This decree against Nebuchadnezzar was carried out immediately -AT: "His advisers drove him away from the other" or "His advisers sent him away from the other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This decree against Nebuchadnezzar happened immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## his nails became like birds' claws ## +# He was driven away from people -AT: "His fingernails looked like birds' claws." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People chased him away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his nails became like birds' claws + +"his fingernails looked like birds' claws" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/34.md b/dan/04/34.md index 4150c7af81..c75a582763 100644 --- a/dan/04/34.md +++ b/dan/04/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## and my sanity was given back to me ## +# General Information: -AT: “and my sanity came back to me” or "I became sane again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## I praised ... and I honored ... ## +# At the end of the days + +This refers back to the seven years in [Daniel 4:32](./31.md). + +# my sanity was given back to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my sanity came back to me" or "I became sane again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I praised ... and I honored The two phrases refer to the same action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## For his reign is ... and his kingdom endures ... ## +# For his reign is an everlasting reign ... his kingdom endures from all generations to all generations -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasis how God's reign never ends. AT: "He rules forever. His kingdom will never end." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasize how God's reign never ends. AT: "He rules forever and his kingdom will never end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/35.md b/dan/04/35.md index 23e087847d..3b8091e52e 100644 --- a/dan/04/35.md +++ b/dan/04/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## All the earth's inhabitants are considered by him to be as nothing ## +# General Information: -AT: "He considers all the earth's inhabitants as nothing;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## suits his will ## +# All the earth's inhabitants are considered by him to be as nothing -"satisfies his purpose" or "he wants" (UDB) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He considers all the earth's inhabitants as nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## No one can stop him ## +# All the earth's inhabitants -AT: "No one can stop him from doing what he decides to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"All the people on the earth" + +# the army of heaven + +"the angel armies in heaven" + +# whatever suits his will + +"whatever satisfies his purpose" or "anything he wants to do" + +# No one can stop him + +It may be helpful to add additional detail. AT: "When he decides to do something, no one can stop him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# No one can say to him, 'Why have you done this?' + +This can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "No one can question what he does." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/36.md b/dan/04/36.md index fbe2aac084..12676b7f6a 100644 --- a/dan/04/36.md +++ b/dan/04/36.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## majesty and splendor ## +# General Information: -Both of these words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## I was brought ... greatness was given to me. ## +# my sanity returned to me -AT: “I returned to rule my kingdom again, and I received even more greatness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here his sanity is spoken of as if it was able to return by its own power. AT: "I became sane again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## my noblemen sought my favor ## +# my majesty and splendor returned to me -"my noblemen requested my counsel again" +Here his majesty and splendor are spoken of as if they were able to return by their own power. AT: "I regained my majesty and my splendor again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## praise, extol, and honor ## +# majesty and splendor -All three of these words have basically the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## who walk in their own pride ## +# my noblemen sought my favor -AT: "who are proud." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"my noblemen requested my help again" + +# I was brought ... greatness was given to me + +Here "throne" refers to his authority to rule. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I returned to rule my kingdom again, and I received even more greatness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# praise, extol, and honor + +All three of these words have basically the same meaning and emphasize how greatly he praised God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# who walk in their own pride + +This phrase uses "walk" to refer to the person who acts proud. AT: "who are proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/04/intro.md b/dan/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3d2a893e4b --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Daniel 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:3, 34-35, which are poetic. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The king becomes insane ##### + +The king became insane until he realized that Yahweh was the ruler over everyone, including him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/01.md b/dan/05/01.md index 6bf2ccd243..d96f3f58d6 100644 --- a/dan/05/01.md +++ b/dan/05/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Belshazzar ## +# Belshazzar This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## for a thousand ## +# for a thousand "for 1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## he drank wine in front of ## +# he drank wine in front of "he drank wine in the presence of" -## the containers made of gold or silver ## +# the containers made of gold or silver -AT: "the containers that the Israelites had made of gold or sliver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the gold or silver containers that the Israelites had made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken ## +# containers -AT: "the army of Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +These were cups and other items that were small enough for a person to hold and to drink from them. + +# Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken + +Here "Nebuchadnezzar" refers to Nebuchadnezzar's army. AT: "his father Nebuchadnezzar's army" or "the army of Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/03.md b/dan/05/03.md index b9822db8a3..bc0b582f69 100644 --- a/dan/05/03.md +++ b/dan/05/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the gold containers that had been taken out of the temple ## +# the gold containers that had been taken out of the temple -AT: "the gold containers that the army of Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the gold containers that the army of Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## out of the temple, the house of God ## +# out of the temple, the house of God -The phrase "the house of God" tells us something more about the temple. AT: "out of God's temple" \ No newline at end of file +"out of God's temple." The phrase "the house of God" tells us something more about the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/05.md b/dan/05/05.md index eb6b4ad559..6926025ad8 100644 --- a/dan/05/05.md +++ b/dan/05/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## plaster ## +# At that moment -a paste that is spread on walls or ceilings to give them a smooth hard surface when it dries \ No newline at end of file +"As soon as they did that" or "Suddenly" + +# plaster + +cement or mud that is spread on walls or ceilings to give them a smooth hard surface when it dries + +# the king's face changed + +"his face became pale." This was caused by his fear. + +# his limbs + +"his legs" + +# his knees were knocking together + +This was the result of his extreme fear. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/07.md b/dan/05/07.md index c878840be3..10e0e9d688 100644 --- a/dan/05/07.md +++ b/dan/05/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## those known for their wisdom in Babylon ## +# those known for their wisdom in Babylon -This refers to those who speak with the dead, the wise men, and the astrologers. \ No newline at end of file +This refers back to those who claimed to speak with the dead, the wise men, and the astrologers. + +# Whoever explains this writing and its meaning will be clothed with purple and will have a gold chain around his neck + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will give purple clothes and a gold neck chain to whoever explains this writing and its meaning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# clothed with purple + +Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. AT: "dressed in royal clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the third highest ruler + +"the number three ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/08.md b/dan/05/08.md index 778af781a9..b317d75cef 100644 --- a/dan/05/08.md +++ b/dan/05/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Belshazzar ## +# Belshazzar -See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](./01.md) +This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## perplexed ## +# the look on his face changed + +"his face became even more pale." The face of the king grew even more pale than in [Daniel 5:6](./05.md). + +# perplexed "confused" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/10.md b/dan/05/10.md index 5e8a5f9a03..cd519d530e 100644 --- a/dan/05/10.md +++ b/dan/05/10.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this verse. \ No newline at end of file +# the queen + +Some modern versions understand this to be a reference to the queen mother, that is, to the king's mother. The queen mother received much honor in ancient Babylon. + +# King, live forever! + +This was a normal way to greet the king. + +# Do not let the look on your face change + +"There is no need for your face to look so pale" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/11.md b/dan/05/11.md index dbfb2f1c89..1ffe60c39f 100644 --- a/dan/05/11.md +++ b/dan/05/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## the spirit of the holy gods ## +# the spirit of the holy gods -See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:7](../04/07.md). +The queen believed that Daniel's power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/07.md). -## these qualities were found in the very Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar ## +# In the days of your father -AT: "This same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar, had all of these qualities." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"When your father was ruling" -## what has been written ## +# light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods was found in him -"what has been written on the wall" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he had light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# King Nebuchadnezzar, your father the king + +"Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar" + +# these qualities were found in this man Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar, had all of these qualities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what has been written + +"what has been written on the wall." This can be stated in active form. AT: "what the hand wrote on the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/13.md b/dan/05/13.md index 9bed5f3768..7ab4860700 100644 --- a/dan/05/13.md +++ b/dan/05/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Then Daniel was brought before the king ## +# Then Daniel was brought before the king -AT: "Then they brought Daniel before the king" or "Then the soldiers brought Daniel before the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then they brought Daniel before the king" or "Then the soldiers brought Daniel before the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## whom my father the king brought out of Judah ## +# whom my father the king brought out of Judah -AT: "whom my father's soldiers brought out of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +In this phrase "father" is being used to represent all of the soldiers. AT: "whom my father's soldiers brought out of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the spirit of the gods + +Belshazzar believed that Daniel's power came from the false gods that Belshazzar worshiped. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/07.md). + +# light and understanding and excellent wisdom are found in you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you have light and understanding and excellent wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/15.md b/dan/05/15.md index fa111c097a..665d06bf88 100644 --- a/dan/05/15.md +++ b/dan/05/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## third highest ruler ## +# Now the men known ... have been brought in before me -"ruler three" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Now the men known ... have come in before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# make known to me + +"tell me" + +# you will be clothed with purple and have a gold chain placed around your neck + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will give you purple clothes and a gold neck chain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# clothed with purple + +Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. AT: "dressed in royal clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the third highest ruler + +"the number three ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/17.md b/dan/05/17.md index bad92590f2..f95216c8b8 100644 --- a/dan/05/17.md +++ b/dan/05/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## all people, nations and languages ## +# Let your gifts be for yourself, and -AT: "a great number of people, of different nations and languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"I do not want your gifts, so" -## trembled and feared ## +# all peoples, nations, and languages -AT: "were very afraid of him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This phrase uses the word "all" as a generalization that represents a large number. AT: "a great number of people, of different nations and languages," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## He put to death those he wanted to die ## +# peoples, nations, and languages -AT: "Nebuchadnezzar commanded his soldiers to kill those he wanted to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/03.md). AT: "people from different nations and who speak different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# trembled and feared him + +These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the fear. AT: "were very afraid of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# He put to death those he wanted to die + +This phrase does not mean King Nebuchadnezzar put people to death himself, but rather those he commanded. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar commanded his soldiers to kill those he wanted to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He raised up those he wanted + +"He raised up those he wanted to raise up" + +# wanted ... wished + +These words here mean the same thing. + +# he humbled those he wished + +"he humbled those he wished to humble" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/20.md b/dan/05/20.md index 106b2fee28..518b01cf47 100644 --- a/dan/05/20.md +++ b/dan/05/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## he was brought down from his kingly throne ## +# his heart was arrogant -AT: "The people took away his kingdom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "heart" refers to the king himself. AT: "the king was arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## presumptuously ## +# his spirit was hardened + +Here "spirit" refers to the king himself. His stubbornness is spoken of as if he were hardened. AT: "the king became stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# presumptuously rudely and overly confident -## He was driven away from humanity ## +# he was brought down from his kingly throne -AT: "They sent him away from all the people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "throne" refers to his authority to rule. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people took away his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## dew ## +# He was driven away from humanity -the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people chased him away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he had the mind of an animal + +Here "mind" represents his thoughts. AT: "he thought as an animal thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dew + +the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings + +# anyone he wishes + +"whomever he chooses" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/22.md b/dan/05/22.md index 01106caf6e..c9f428fa0b 100644 --- a/dan/05/22.md +++ b/dan/05/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Belshazzar ## +# Belshazzar -See how you translated this name in [Daniel 5:1](./01.md) +This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## From his house ## +# have not humbled your heart -"From his temple in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +Here "heart" refers to Belshazzar himself. AT: "have not humbled yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## God who holds your breath in his hand ## +# You have lifted yourself up against the Lord -AT: "God who gives you breath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] \ No newline at end of file +To rebel against God is spoken of as raising oneself up against him. AT: "You have rebelled against the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# From his house + +What and where "his house" is can be stated clearly. AT: "From his temple in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# God who holds your breath in his hand + +Here "breath" refers to life and "hand" refers to power or control. AT: "God who gives you breath" or "God who has control over your entire life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all your ways + +"everything you do" + +# this writing was done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it wrote this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/25.md b/dan/05/25.md index b8c7caad2c..af5416202d 100644 --- a/dan/05/25.md +++ b/dan/05/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN ## +# This is the writing that was done -Spell these words as much like this as will fit with the sounds of your language. They are the Aramaic words that were written on the wall. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is the message that the hand wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you are weighed in the scales and found lacking ## +# Mene, Mene, Tekel, and Pharsin -Judging the king and his worthiness to rule is spoken of as weighing him. AT: "God has weighed your worthiness to rule, and he has found that it is not enough." This means that the king is not worthy to rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the Aramaic words that were written on the wall. Spell these words with the sounds that fit your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# 'Mene,' 'God has numbered + +"'Mene' means 'God has numbered" + +# 'Tekel,' 'you are weighed + +"'Tekel' means 'you are weighed" + +# 'Peres,' 'your kingdom + +"'Peres' means 'your kingdom." + +# Peres + +This is the singular form of "Pharsin" in 5:25. + +# you are weighed in the scales and are found lacking + +Judging the worthiness of the king to rule is spoken of as weighing him. This means that the king is not worthy to rule. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has examined your worthiness to rule, and he has found that you are not worthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your kingdom is divided and is given to the Medes and Persians + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has divided your kingdom and given it to the Medes and Persians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/29.md b/dan/05/29.md index 47a06f3ce8..e5e1673514 100644 --- a/dan/05/29.md +++ b/dan/05/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## the third highest ruler ## +# Belshazzar -"ruler 3" +This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## when he was about sixty-two years old ## +# A chain of gold was put around his neck -two years old** - "when he was about 62 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They put a chain of gold around his neck" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the third highest ruler + +"the number three ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# received the kingdom + +"became the ruler of the kingdom" + +# when he was about sixty-two years old + +"when he was about 62 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/intro.md b/dan/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7d054e18e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Daniel 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The writing on the wall ##### + +God told the new king that he had failed and God was replacing him, showing that God is the real ruler over everything, even kingdoms that do not worship him. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin ##### +These are names in Aramaic. Daniel does not "translate" these names into Hebrew but chooses to "transliterate" or transfer it into Hebrew. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated these names either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this phrase without translating its meaning. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/01.md b/dan/06/01.md index 7b7f5bbd35..379e6bc4f7 100644 --- a/dan/06/01.md +++ b/dan/06/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## 120 provincial governors ## +# Connecting Statement: -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +The events in this chapter take place after the Persians conquered the Babylonians and Darius the Mede began to rule in Babylon. -## Over them ## +# It pleased Darius -The word "them" refers to the provincial governors. +"King Darius decided" -## so that the king should suffer no loss ## +# 120 provincial governors + +"one hundred and twenty provincial governors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Over them + +The word "them" refers to the 120 provincial governors. + +# so that the king should suffer no loss "so that nothing should be stolen from the king" or "so that no one would steal anything from the king" -## was distinguished above ## +# was distinguished above "excelled above" or "was more capable than" -## extraordinary ## +# he had an extraordinary spirit + +Here "spirit" refers to Daniel. It means he had was unusually capable. AT: "he was and exceptional person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# extraordinary "impressive" or "excellent" -## to put him over ## +# to put him over "to give him authority over" or "to put him in charge of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/04.md b/dan/06/04.md index 59515debbc..f84e1b1295 100644 --- a/dan/06/04.md +++ b/dan/06/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## No mistakes or negligence was found in him ## +# Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors ... for the kingdom -AT: "They could find no mistakes or negligence in his work." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The other administrators were jealous of Daniel. This can be made explicit. AT: "Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors became jealous. So they looked for mistakes in the work Daniel did for the kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## negligence ## +# No mistakes or negligence was found in him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They could find no mistakes or negligence in his work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# negligence overly looking your responsibilities -## to complain against this Daniel ## +# to complain against this Daniel "to complain about Daniel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/06.md b/dan/06/06.md index a836164330..cd12a4f12e 100644 --- a/dan/06/06.md +++ b/dan/06/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## brought a plan before the king ## +# brought a plan before the king "presented a plan to the king" -## for thirty days ## +# may you live forever! + +This was a normal way to greet a king. + +# for thirty days "for 30 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## whoever makes a petition ## +# whoever makes a petition -“whoever makes a request” +"whoever makes a request" -## that person must be thrown into the den of lions ## +# that person must be thrown into the den of lions -AT: "your soldiers must throw that person into the den of lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your soldiers must throw that person into the den of lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# den of lions + +This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/08.md b/dan/06/08.md index b518aa709d..4eb9bef1f2 100644 --- a/dan/06/08.md +++ b/dan/06/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## as directed by the laws ## +# Connecting Statement: + +In verse 8, the administrators continue to speak to the king. + +# as directed by the laws "according to the laws" -## cannot be repealed ## +# cannot be repealed "cannot be canceled" -## making the decree into a law ## +# making the decree into a law "making the order into a law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/10.md b/dan/06/10.md index ffb79b8257..6bc7620134 100644 --- a/dan/06/10.md +++ b/dan/06/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## gave thanks before his God ## +# When Daniel learned that the document had been signed into law + +It is important to the story to state clearly that Daniel knew about the new law before he prayed to God. + +# now his windows were open in his upper room toward Jerusalem + +This is background information that explains how Daniel's enemies knew he was praying to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# gave thanks before his God "gave thanks to his God" -## plot ## +# plot a plan with evil intent \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/12.md b/dan/06/12.md index f4a961caf8..29c79d8f6d 100644 --- a/dan/06/12.md +++ b/dan/06/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Did you not make a decree ... ? ## +# Did you not make a decree ... lions? -They asked this question to verify and check to see how serious the king was about the decree that he had made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +They asked this question to make the king confirm that he had made the decree. -## as directed by the law ## +# who makes a petition -"according to the law" +"who makes a request" -## who makes a petition ## +# den of lions -"who makes a request" \ No newline at end of file +This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](./06.md). + +# as directed by the law + +"according to the law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/13.md b/dan/06/13.md index ed7a5f2d04..89bcd9dffa 100644 --- a/dan/06/13.md +++ b/dan/06/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## pays no attention to you ## +# That person Daniel -AT: "is not obedient to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is not a respectful way of referring to Daniel. They intentionally used this phrase to avoid giving Daniel the respect he was due as a chief administrator. + +# who is one of the people of the exile from Judah + +"who is an immagrant from Judah" + +# pays no attention to you + +This idiom means he ignores the king. AT: "does not obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he applied his mind + +Here "mind" refers to his thinking. AT: "he thought very hard about how" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He labored + +This refers to mental labor, rather than to physical labor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/15.md b/dan/06/15.md index 6183fb3d4d..15e0d27f93 100644 --- a/dan/06/15.md +++ b/dan/06/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## no decree or statute that the king issues can be changed ## +# no decree ... can be changed -An additional sentence may be added here to aid in understanding. AT: "They must throw Daniel into the pit of lions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) \ No newline at end of file +An additional sentence may be added here to aid in understanding. AT: "no decree ... can be changed. They must throw Daniel into the pit of lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/16.md b/dan/06/16.md index af911fe4bd..1c2d9c2c25 100644 --- a/dan/06/16.md +++ b/dan/06/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## rescue you ## +# they brought in Daniel -"save you from the lions" +"his soldiers went and got Daniel" -## they brought Daniel in ## +# lions' den -"his soldier went and got Daniel" \ No newline at end of file +This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](./06.md). + +# May your God ... rescue you + +The king is expressing his desire for God to save Daniel. + +# rescue you + +"save you from the lions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/17.md b/dan/06/17.md index 93a793121d..1db0632bb7 100644 --- a/dan/06/17.md +++ b/dan/06/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## the king sealed it with his own signet ring and with the signet rings of his nobles ## +# den -The king and the noblemen pressed their rings into a seal made of wax. AT: "The king pressed his signet ring into a wax seal. The nobles did this too. No one was allowed to break the seal and help Daniel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](./06.md). -## sleep fled from him ## +# the king sealed it with his own signet ring and with the signet rings of his nobles ... concerning Daniel -AT: "he did not sleep at all that night." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The function of the signet ring can be stated clearly. The king and the noblemen pressed their rings into a seal made of wax. AT: "the king pressed his signet ring into a wax seal, the nobles did this too. No one was allowed to break the seal and help Daniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# nothing might be changed concerning Daniel + +"no one could help Daniel" + +# he went through the night fasting + +This symbolic act showed that the king was worried about Daniel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# No entertainment was brought before him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He did not have anyone entertain him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sleep fled from him + +Sleep is spoken of as if it could run away from the king. AT: "he did not sleep at all that night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/19.md b/dan/06/19.md index c7691a1add..fabe427329 100644 --- a/dan/06/19.md +++ b/dan/06/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## with a voice filled with pain ## +# lions' den -The king's voice sounded like he was in pain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/21.md b/dan/06/21.md index b395ff8173..81ced082d5 100644 --- a/dan/06/21.md +++ b/dan/06/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## For I was found blameless ... before you ## +# For I was found blameless -AT: "He knows that I have done nothing wrong" (UDB); (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He knows that I have done nothing wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I have done you no harm + +"I have not harmed you at all" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/23.md b/dan/06/23.md index 4ec3cecae1..7d1a3f69b1 100644 --- a/dan/06/23.md +++ b/dan/06/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## No harm was found on him ## +# den -AT: "They did not find any wounds on Daniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](./06.md). + +# No harm was found on him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They did not find any wounds on Daniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/24.md b/dan/06/24.md index 3b56d67743..65279f48f7 100644 --- a/dan/06/24.md +++ b/dan/06/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Before they reached the floor ## +# den of lions + +This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](./06.md). + +# Before they reached the floor "Before they reached the floor of the lions' den" -## all the peoples, nations, and languages ## +# broke all their bones to pieces -AT: "the people of all nations and languages" +"crushed their bones" -## in all the earth ## +# peoples, nations, and languages -King Darius wrote his message to his entire kingdom which was huge. Here it says "all the earth" to emphasis how large his kingdom was, though it did not include everyone on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/03.md). AT: "people from different nations and who spoke different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## May peace increase for you ## +# in all the earth + +King Darius wrote his message to his entire kingdom which was huge. Here it says "all the earth" as a generalization to emphasis how large his kingdom was, though it did not include everyone on the earth. AT: "in his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# May peace increase for you This is a form of greeting that is used to wish someone well in all areas of life. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/26.md b/dan/06/26.md index 9989cb7480..e0dcf3a2ab 100644 --- a/dan/06/26.md +++ b/dan/06/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## tremble ## +# Connecting Statement: -shake with fear +This continues to state the message that Darius sent to everyone in his kingdom. -## he is the living God and lives forever ## +# tremble and fear -The two phrases "the living God" and "lives forever" repeat the same concept, that God lives forever. (See: ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two words are similar and can be combined. AT: "shake with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## and his kingdom will … his dominion will… ## +# the God of Daniel -These two phrases are parallel, emphasizing how God's kingdom will never end. (See: ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"the God that Daniel worships" -## his dominion will be to the end ## +# he is the living God and lives forever -"he will rule forever" \ No newline at end of file +The two phrases "the living God" and "lives forever" express the same concept, that God lives forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his kingdom shall ... his dominion shall + +These two phrases are parallel, emphasizing how God's kingdom will never end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his kingdom shall not be destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will destroy his kingdom" or "his kingdom will last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his dominion shall be to the end + +"he will rule forever" + +# he has kept Daniel safe from the strength of the lions + +"he has not allowed the strong lions to hurt Daniel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/28.md b/dan/06/28.md index 724830b912..04a304f4a5 100644 --- a/dan/06/28.md +++ b/dan/06/28.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no Translation Notes for this verse. \ No newline at end of file +# during the reign of Darius and during the reign of Cyrus the Persian + +Cyrus the Persian was the king who ruled after Darius. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/06/intro.md b/dan/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ac94b15982 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Daniel 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 6:25-28, the poetic part of the quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Daniel and the lions ##### + +Daniel was thrown into the lions' den for praying to Yahweh, but Yahweh protected him and the lions did not hurt him at all. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/01.md b/dan/07/01.md index 7846e36d85..c71634ab25 100644 --- a/dan/07/01.md +++ b/dan/07/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -In Daniel's vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. +# General Information: -## Belshazzar ## +Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## a dream and visions ## +In Daniel's vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -The words “dream” and “visions” both refer to the same dream that is described in this chapter. AT: “visions while he was dreaming”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +# Belshazzar -## the four winds of heaven ## +This was the name of Nebuchadnezzar's son, who became king after him. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). -"winds from everywhere" or "strong winds from all four directions" (UDB) +# a dream and visions -## stirring up ## +The words "dream" and "visions" both refer to the same dream that is described in this chapter. AT: "visions while he was dreaming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the four winds of heaven + +"winds from everywhere" or "strong winds from all four directions" + +# stirring up "whipped up" or "agitated" or "caused high waves in" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/04.md b/dan/07/04.md index c9060f66df..14659f51d6 100644 --- a/dan/07/04.md +++ b/dan/07/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on two feet, like a man ## +# The first was like a lion but had eagle's wings -AT: "someone made it stand on two feet like a human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This was a symbolic creature, and not an animal that exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## The mind of a man was given to it ## +# its wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on two feet, like a man -AT: "Someone gave it a mind like humans have" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone tore off its wings and lifted it up from the ground and made it stand on two feet like a human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## ribs - ## +# The mind of a man was given to it -** large curved bones that protect the chest of a person or animal \ No newline at end of file +Here "mind" refers to thinking. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone gave it the ability to think like a human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a second animal, like a bear + +This was not an actual bear, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a bear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# ribs + +large curved bones of the chest that connect to the spine + +# It was told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/06.md b/dan/07/06.md index fef059023d..162833f9dd 100644 --- a/dan/07/06.md +++ b/dan/07/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## it had four heads ## +# another animal, one that looked like a leopard -AT: "the leopard had four heads." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This was not an actual leopard, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## On its back … it had four heads ## +# four wings ... four heads -This is not an ordinary leopard. The animal, its wings, and its head are all symbols. +The four wings and four heads are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## It was given authority to rule ## +# it had four heads -AT: "Someone gave it authority to rule" +"the animal had four heads" -## trampled underfoot ## +# It was given authority to rule + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone gave it authority to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a fourth animal ... it had ten horns + +This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# trampled underfoot "walked on and crushed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/08.md b/dan/07/08.md index 3e15325621..b1bdb5d710 100644 --- a/dan/07/08.md +++ b/dan/07/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Daniel continues to describe his vision of the fourth animal that the saw in [Daniel 7:6](./06.md). +# General Information: -## the horns ## +Daniel continues to describe his vision of the fourth animal that the saw in [Daniel 7:7](./06.md). -Translators may write a footnote like this: “Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders.” +# the horns -## Three of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots ## +Translators may write a footnote like this: "Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "The little horn tore out three of the first horns" or "Someone tore out three of the first horns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Three of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots -## a mouth that boasted about great things ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The little horn tore out three of the first horns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: “the horn had a mouth and spoke boastfully about great things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# a mouth that was boasting about great things + +Here the horn was boasting, using its mouth to do so. AT: "the horn had a mouth and boasted about doing great things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/09.md b/dan/07/09.md index 4c4e3f5bd1..dceabde5d0 100644 --- a/dan/07/09.md +++ b/dan/07/09.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -Daniel continues to describe his vision of the response in heaven to the fourth animal that the saw in [Daniel 7:6](./06.md). +# General Information: -## thrones were set in place ## +Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULB and UDB present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "someone set thrones in their places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# thrones were set in place -## the Ancient of Days ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone set thrones in their places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Ancient of Days This is a title for God that means he is eternal. AT: "the One Who Has Lived Forever" or "the One Who Has Always Lived" -## took his seat ... His clothing ... the hair on his head ## +# took his seat ... His clothing ... the hair of his head This passage describes God as sitting down, with clothing and hair like a person. This does not mean that God really is like this, but it is how Daniel saw God in a vision. -## took his seat ## +# took his seat -"sat down on his throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom that means he sat down. AT: "sat down on his throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## His clothing was as white as snow ## +# His clothing was as white as snow His clothing is compared to snow to show that it was very white. AT: "His clothing was very white" -## the hair of his head was like pure wool ## +# the hair of his head was like pure wool -Something about God's hair looked like pure wool. Possible meanings are that 1) it was very white (UDB) or 2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Something about God's hair looked like pure wool. Possible meanings are that 1) it was very white or 2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## pure wool ## +# pure wool -AT: "clean wool" or "wool that is washed" +"clean wool" or "wool that is washed" -## His throne was flames ... its wheels were burning fire ## +# His throne was flames ... its wheels were burning fire -This describes the throne of God and its wheels as being made of fire. The words "flames" and "burning fire" mean basically the same thing and can be translated the same way. \ No newline at end of file +This describes the throne of God and its wheels as if they were made of fire. The words "flames" and "burning fire" mean basically the same thing and can be translated the same way. + +# its wheels + +It is unclear why God's throne is described as having wheels. Thrones normally do not have wheels, but the text clearly states that this throne has some kind of wheels. Use a general term for "wheels" if possible. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/10.md b/dan/07/10.md index 3088279aa4..fa5c4f97a1 100644 --- a/dan/07/10.md +++ b/dan/07/10.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Daniel continues to describe his vision of the response in heaven to the fourth animal that the saw in [Daniel 7:6](./06.md). +# General Information: -## A river of fire flowed out before him ## +Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven and the response to the fourth animal that he saw in [Daniel 7:7](./06.md). -The quick way in which fire came from the presence of God is compared to how water flows in a river. AT: "Fire was rushing out in front of him like a stream" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# General Information: -## before him ## +Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULB and UDB present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# A river of fire flowed out from before him + +The quick way in which fire came from the presence of God is spoken of as if it was water flowing in a river. AT: "Fire poured out in front of him like water in a river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before him The word "him" refers to God, the Ancient of Days from [Daniel 7:9](./09.md). -## millions ## +# millions -AT: “thousands of thousands” or “great numbers of people” +This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. AT: "thousands of thousands" or "great numbers of people" -## one hundred million ## +# one hundred million -AT: “tens of thousands times tens of thousands” or “uncountable numbers of people” +This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. AT: "tens of thousands times tens of thousands" or "uncountable numbers of people" -## The court was in session ## +# The court was in session This means that God, the judge, was ready to investigate the evidence and make his judgment. AT: "The judge was ready to judge" or "The judge was seated" -## the books were opened ## +# the books were opened -These are the books that contain the evidence to be used in court. AT: "the books of evidence were open" \ No newline at end of file +These are the books that contain the evidence to be used in court. AT: "the books of evidence were opened" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/11.md b/dan/07/11.md index 1ee490fda2..cabeb188f4 100644 --- a/dan/07/11.md +++ b/dan/07/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven in response to the fourth animal that the saw in [Daniel 7:6](./06.md). +# General Information: -## the animal was killed ... to be burned up ## +Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven and the response to the fourth animal that he saw in [Daniel 7:7](./06.md). -AT: "they killed the animal, destroyed its body, and gave it to someone to burn it up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The animal was killed because the judge determined that it was guilty. AT: “the animal was executed” or “the judge commanded and the animal was killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# the animal was killed ... to be burned up -## the animal ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they killed the fourth animal, destroyed its body, and gave it to someone to burn it up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This refers to the animal that had the ten horns and the horn that spoke boastfully. AT: "the most frightening animal" or "the animal that had the boastful horn" +# the animal was killed -## their authority to rule was taken away ## +The animal was killed because the judge determined that it was guilty. AT: "they executed the animal" or "the judge commanded and they killed the animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "The judge took away their authority to rule" or "their authority to rule ended" +# the animal -## their lives were prolonged for a period of time ## +This refers to the fourth animal that had the ten horns and the horn that spoke boastfully. AT: "the most frightening animal" or "the animal that had the boastful horn" -AT: "they continued to live for a period of time" or "the judge let them live a little longer" \ No newline at end of file +# the rest of the four animals + +It may be clearer to say, "the other three animals." + +# their authority to rule was taken away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the judge took away their authority to rule" or "their authority to rule ended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their lives were prolonged for a period of time + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they continued to live for a period of time" or "the judge let them live a little longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/13.md b/dan/07/13.md index 5215a4f071..319862c5d6 100644 --- a/dan/07/13.md +++ b/dan/07/13.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## I saw one coming ... like a son of man ## +# General Information: -AT: "I saw someone who looked like a son of man coming with the clouds of heaven" +Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULB and UDB present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## with the clouds of heaven ## +# I saw one coming ... like a son of man + +The person that Daniel saw was not a normal man, but had a human figure like a man. "I also saw that night someone coming who resembled a son of man, that is, he had a human figure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# with the clouds of heaven "with the clouds of the sky" -## and was presented before him ## +# the Ancient of Days -AT: "and they presented this son of man before the Ancient of Days" or "and he stood before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This refers to God who is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](./09.md) -## the Ancient of Days ## +# was presented before him -See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](./09.md) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they presented this son of man to the Ancient of Days" or "he stood before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Authority to rule and glory and royal power were given to him ## +# Authority to rule and glory and royal power were given to him -AT: "The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## royal power ## +# royal power -This here refers to "authority." +This, here, refers to "authority." -## that will never be destroyed ## +# peoples, nations, and languages -AT: "that no one will ever destroy" \ No newline at end of file +Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/03.md). AT: "people from different nations and who speak different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will not pass away ... will never be destroyed + +These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# that will never be destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that no one will ever destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/15.md b/dan/07/15.md index 80f0cf00fe..57fe297290 100644 --- a/dan/07/15.md +++ b/dan/07/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## my spirit was grieved ... the visions in my mind troubled me ## +# my spirit was grieved inside of me ... the visions I saw in my mind troubled me These two phrases describe how Daniel was feeling. The second one gives more information about the first one, explaining about his grieved spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## one of them standing there ## +# my spirit was grieved inside of me -This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God's throne (UDB). Possible meanings 1) these are angels, spirits who serve God 2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven. +Here "my spirit" refers to Daniel himself. AT: "I was very sad inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## to show me ## +# one of them standing there -"to tell me" (UDB) or "to explain to me" +This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God's throne. Possible meanings 1) these are angels, spirits who serve God 2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven. -## these things ## +# to show me -AT: "the things I had seen" \ No newline at end of file +"to tell me" or "to explain to me" + +# these things + +"the things I had seen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/17.md b/dan/07/17.md index 906a67a5a3..70a29f6ae9 100644 --- a/dan/07/17.md +++ b/dan/07/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## four kings that will arise from the earth ## +# These large animals, four in number, -AT: "four kings who will come to power on the earth" (UDB) or "four men who will rise up from among the people of the earth and become kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"These four large animals" -## and will possess it ## +# are four kings -AT: "and will rule over it" +"represent four kings" -## forever and ever ## +# four kings that will arise from the earth -This repetition of ideas emphasize that this kingdom will never come to an end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "from the earth" means they are real people. AT: "four kings who will come to power on the earth" or "four men who will rise up from among the people of the earth and become kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they will possess it + +"they will rule over it" + +# forever and ever + +This repetition of ideas emphasizes that this kingdom will never come to an end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/19.md b/dan/07/19.md index ce12214f65..ca29c549cc 100644 --- a/dan/07/19.md +++ b/dan/07/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## very horrific ## +# very horrifying "very frightening" -## trampled ## +# trampled "walked on and crushed" -## the ten horns on its head ## +# the ten horns on its head -AT: "the ten horns on the head of the fourth animal" +"the ten horns on the head of the fourth animal" -## grew up before which the three horns fell down ## +# grew up, and before which the three horns fell down -AT: "grew up, and about the three horns that fell down in front of it" or "grew up, and about the three horns that fell down because of it" +"grew up, and about the three horns that fell down in front of it" or "grew up, and about the three horns that fell down because of it" -## the mouth that boasted ## +# before which the three horns fell down -AT: "its mouth that boasted" or "the mouth of the new horn, that boasted" +Here "fell down" is a euphemism that means they were destroyed." AT: "which destroyed the three horns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## and that seemed greater than its companions ## +# the mouth that boasted -Possible meanings are that 1) the horn represented the animal it was on and the animal seemed to be greater than the other animals (as in the UDB), or 2) the horn with the eyes and a mouth seemed to be greater than the other horns. \ No newline at end of file +"its mouth that boasted" or "the mouth of the new horn, that boasted" + +# that seemed greater than its companions + +the horn with the eyes and a mouth seemed to be greater than the other horns \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/21.md b/dan/07/21.md index 22f77d26e8..7a1ceff588 100644 --- a/dan/07/21.md +++ b/dan/07/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## this horn ## +# this horn -This refers to the horn that is described in [Daniel 7:19](./19.md). +"this fourth horn." This refers to the horn that is described in [Daniel 7:20](./19.md). -## until the Ancient of Days came, and justice was given ## +# until the Ancient of Days came, and justice was given -AT: "until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Ancient of Days ## +# Ancient of Days -See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](./09.md). +This is a title for God that emphasizes that he is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](./09.md). -## holy ones ## +# the holy people received the kingdom -AT: "holy people" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave his kingdom to his holy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/23.md b/dan/07/23.md index 7620401651..ae232b5520 100644 --- a/dan/07/23.md +++ b/dan/07/23.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## This is what that person said ## +# General Information: -This is the person that Daniel approached in [Daniel 7:15](./15.md). +Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## that person said ## +# This is what that person said + +This is the person that Daniel approached in [Daniel 7:16](./15.md). + +# that person said "that person answered" -## As for the fourth animal … As for the ten horns ## +# As for the fourth animal ... As for the ten horns -"Concerning the fourth animal … Concerning the ten horns" or "Now, about the fourth animal … Now, about the ten horns" +"Concerning the fourth animal ... Concerning the ten horns" or "Now, about the fourth animal ... Now, about the ten horns" -## It will devour … it into pieces ## +# It will devour ... it into pieces This does not mean the fourth kingdom will destroy the planet, but that it will brutally attack, conquer, and destroy all other kingdoms on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## out of this kingdom ten kings will arise ## +# out of this kingdom ten kings will arise -AT: "in this fourth kingdom ten kings will become powerful" +They will rule one after the other. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "ten kings will rule over this fourth kingdom, one after another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and another will arise after them ## +# another will arise after them -AT: "and after that happens another king will become powerful" +This other king is not one of the ten. It may be helpful to refer to him as "the eleventh king." AT: "after that an eleventh king will become powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## He will be different from the previous ones ## +# He will be different from the previous ones -AT: "He will be different from the other ten kings" \ No newline at end of file +"He will be different from the other ten kings" + +# he will conquer the three kings + +He will defeat three of the original ten kings. It may be helpful to state that those three kings are represented by the three horns that were pulled out. AT: "he will defeat the three kings that were represented by the three horns that were pulled out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/25.md b/dan/07/25.md index d1057ba886..614cdce4b8 100644 --- a/dan/07/25.md +++ b/dan/07/25.md @@ -1,41 +1,47 @@ +# General Information: + The man in Daniel's vision continues talking to Daniel. -## He will speak words against the Most High ## +# General Information: -This means that the newest king will openly disagree with the Most High. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## He will try ... into his hand ## +# He will speak words against the Most High + +This means that the newest king will openly disagree with and say bad things about the Most High. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# He will try ... into his hand The words "He" and "his" refer to the newest king, not the Most High. -## the holy ones ## +# the holy people -"the holy people" AT: "God's holy people" +"God's holy people" -## change festivals and the Law ## +# change the festivals and the law -Both terms refer to the Law of Moses. The festivals were an important part of the religion of Israel in the Old Testament. +Both terms refer to the law of Moses. The festivals were an important part of the religion of Israel in the Old Testament. -## These things will be given into his hand ## +# These things will be given into his hand -AT: "The newest king will control the religous festivals and laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "his hand" refers to his control. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The newest king will control the religous festivals and laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## one year, two years, and half a year ## +# one year, two years, and half a year -This means "three and half years" (UDB). This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. Try to translate it in a way that preserves this way of counting. AT: "One year plus two years plus six months" +This means "three and half years." This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. Try to translate it in a way that preserves this way of counting. AT: "one year plus two years plus six months" -## the court will be in session ## +# the court will be in session -This means that the judge will be ready to investigate evidence and make his judgment. AT: “The judge will judge” or “The judge will sit down” +This means that the judge will be ready to investigate evidence and make his judgment. AT: "the judge will judge" or "The judge will sit down" -## they will take his royal power away ## +# they will take his royal power away -AT: "the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king" +"the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king" -## royal power ## +# royal power -See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:13](./13.md). +This, here, refers to "authority." See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:14](./13.md). -## to be consumed and destroyed at the end ## +# to be consumed and destroyed at the end -AT: "and consume and destroy it in the end" or "and in the end his royal power will be completely destroyed" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and consume and destroy it in the end" or "and completely destroy his royal power in the end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/27.md b/dan/07/27.md index 663f2ff5e3..054d287987 100644 --- a/dan/07/27.md +++ b/dan/07/27.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + The man in Daniel's vision continues talking to Daniel. -## The kingdom and the dominion ## +# General Information: -These two terms mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## the greatness of the kingdoms ## +# The kingdom and the dominion ... will be given to the people -"everything that is great about the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will give the kingdom and the dominion ... to the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## of the kingdoms under the whole heaven ## +# The kingdom and the dominion -AT: "of all the kingdoms on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +These two terms mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## will be given to the people ## +# the greatness of the kingdoms -AT: "God will give it all to the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "greatness" can be translated with the adjective "great." AT: "everything that is great about the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the people who belong to the holy ones ## +# of the kingdoms under the whole heaven -AT: "the holy people" (UDB) or "the people who are part of the holy people" +The idiom "under the whole heaven" refers to the kingdoms on earth. AT: "of all the kingdoms on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## His kingdom ## +# His kingdom "The kingdom of the Most High" -## an everlasting kingdom ## +# an everlasting kingdom -AT: "a kingdom that will exist forever" or "a kingdom that will never end" +"a kingdom that will exist forever" or "a kingdom that will never end" -## Here is the end of the matter ## +# Here is the end of the matter -This means that Daniel has finished describing the vision. AT: "That is what I saw in my vision" (UDB) or "Now you have read everything that I, Daniel, have seen in my vision" \ No newline at end of file +This means that Daniel has finished describing the vision. AT: "That is what I saw in my vision" or "This is the end of the description of what I saw in my vision" + +# my face changed in appearance + +"my face became pale" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/07/intro.md b/dan/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8860b99d43 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Daniel 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 7:9-14, 23-27, which are the poetic parts of the quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### The four beasts ##### + +There will be four successive kingdoms before Yahweh sets up his eternal kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) + +##### The Son of Man ##### + +God will give the Son of Man an eternal kingdom and he will judge people from the books. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/01.md b/dan/08/01.md index 9a1a5eeb2d..2e97b9a3de 100644 --- a/dan/08/01.md +++ b/dan/08/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## in the third year ## +# General Information: -"in year three" +Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. -## had a vision appear ... (after the one ... ) ## +# General Information: -AT: "had a second vision" +In Daniel's vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## Belshazzar ## +# In the third year -See how you translated this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). +"In year three" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## fortified ## +# Belshazzar -guarded and protected +This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). -## Susa ... Elam ... Ulai Canal ## +# had a vision appear to me (after the one ... first) -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is background information to remind the reader that this is Daniel's second vision. AT: "had a second vision appear to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## canal ## +# fortress -A canal is a narrow waterway. \ No newline at end of file +a walled city that was guarded and protected + +# Susa ... Elam ... Ulai Canal + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Canal + +A canal is a narrow man-made waterway. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/03.md b/dan/08/03.md index 55576265bb..2e9638355a 100644 --- a/dan/08/03.md +++ b/dan/08/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## but the longer ... in length by it ## +# a ram with two horns -AT: “but the longer one grew more slowly than the shorter one, and the shorter one grew to be even longer than it” +It is normal for rams to have two horns. These horns, however, have symbolic meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## I saw the ram charging ## +# but the longer ... passed up in length by it + +"but the longer one grew more slowly than the shorter one, and the shorter one grew to be even longer than it" + +# I saw the ram charging "I saw the ram rushing" or "I saw the ram running very quickly" -## to rescue anyone out of his hand ## +# to rescue anyone out of his hand -"to rescue anyone from him" or "to rescue anyone from his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Rams do not have hands. Here "hand" refers to the ram's power. AT: "to rescue anyone from him" or "to rescue anyone from his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/05.md b/dan/08/05.md index b734b01695..4a926e6634 100644 --- a/dan/08/05.md +++ b/dan/08/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## across the face of the whole earth ## +# across the surface of the whole earth -AT: "across the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +The phrase "the whole earth" is an exaggeration that means he came from far away. AT: "from far away across the surface of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## in a powerful rage ## +# The goat had a large horn between his eyes -AT: "and it was very angry." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +Goats have two horns on the sides of their heads. This image should be explained. AT: "The goat had a single large horn in the center of his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I had seen the ram standing on the bank of the canal + +This phrase is inserted as background information to explain where the ram was located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# in a powerful rage + +"and it was very angry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/07.md b/dan/08/07.md index 906d961b8f..a4bba4e7b7 100644 --- a/dan/08/07.md +++ b/dan/08/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## trampled ## +# trampled to crush something by stepping on it -## the ram from his power ## +# the ram from his power "the ram from the goat because of his power" -## the goat became very large ## +# the goat became very large "the goat became very large and strong" -## the large horn was broken ## +# the large horn was broken -AT: "something broke the large horn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "something broke off the large horn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## toward the four winds of the heavens ## +# toward the four winds of the heavens -AT: "in four different directions" \ No newline at end of file +Here "the four winds of heaven" is an idiom that refers to the four main directions (north, east, south, west) from which the winds blow. AT: "in four different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/09.md b/dan/08/09.md index 8d8401d3b3..54a514cbcd 100644 --- a/dan/08/09.md +++ b/dan/08/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## but which became very large ## +# but which became very large "but it became very large" -## It became so large as to engage in war ## +# in the south, in the east, and in the land of beauty + +This probably means it pointed in those directions. This can be stated. AT: "and pointed toward the south and then toward the east and then toward the beautiful land of Israel" + +# the land of beauty + +This is a reference to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# It became so large as to engage in war Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is engaging in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Some of that army ... thrown down to the earth ## +# Some of that army ... thrown down to the earth -AT: The horn threw some of that army and some of the stars down to the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: The horn threw some of that army and some of the stars down to the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## it trampled on them ## +# it trampled on them -Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is trampling on the stars and on the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the horn is given qualities of a person that tramples on the stars and on the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/11.md b/dan/08/11.md index 019d726608..f3c23d3cf1 100644 --- a/dan/08/11.md +++ b/dan/08/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## It became great, even as great as ## +# Connecting Statement: -"The goat's horn raised itself up as high as" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Daniel continues describing his vision of the horn. (See: [Daniel 8:9](./09.md)) -## The regular burnt offering was taken away from him ## +# General Information: -"The horn took away the regular burnt offering from the divine commander" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The horn is given qualities of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## and the place of the sanctuary was polluted ## +# the commander of the army -"and it made the place of the sanctuary unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This refers to God himself, who is the leader of the angel army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The horn will throw truth to the ground ## +# It took away from him the regular burnt offering -This means that the horn will ignore truth and godliness. AT: "The horn will disregard truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "took away" means the horn stopped the offering. Here "him" refers to God, the commander of the army. AT: "It stopped the people from making their regular burnt offering to him" + +# the place of his sanctuary was polluted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it defiled his sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The horn will throw truth down to the ground + +The horn ignoring truth and godliness is spoken of as if it will throw truth to the ground. AT: "The horn will reject the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/13.md b/dan/08/13.md index fc2603c922..3e518e4102 100644 --- a/dan/08/13.md +++ b/dan/08/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## holy one ## +# holy one "angel" -## the handing over of the sanctuary ## +# the handing over of the sanctuary "the surrender of the sanctuary" -## 2,300 evenings and mornings ## +# heaven's army being trampled on -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the horn trampling on heaven's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the sanctuary will be put right ## +# 2,300 evenings and mornings -"the temple will be purified and set in order again" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"Two thousand three hundred evenings and mornings." Here "evenings and mornings" is a merism that refers to everything in between, which means full days. AT: "2,300 sunsets and sunrises" or "2,300 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the sanctuary will be put right + +"the temple will be purified and set in order again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/15.md b/dan/08/15.md index 65ae6d75ba..8b7650a0d3 100644 --- a/dan/08/15.md +++ b/dan/08/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Ulai Canal ## +# a man's voice calling between the banks of the Ulai Canal -See how you translated this name in [Daniel 8:1](./01.md). +Here a man is being referred to by his voice. AT: "a man calling from the Ulai Canal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## a man’s voice calling between the banks of the Ulai Canal ## +# Ulai Canal -AT: "a man calling from the Ulai Canal" Here a man is being referred to by his voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] +A canal is a narrow man-made waterway. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 8:2](./01.md). -## prostrated myself on the ground ## +# prostrated myself on the ground -This is an act of worship in which someone lies flat on the ground. \ No newline at end of file +This is an act of worship in which someone lies flat on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the time of the end + +"the final days" or "the end of the world." This does not refer to the final moment in time, but rather to the events that will happen immediately before the end. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/18.md b/dan/08/18.md index a4a2125be7..b1ab1212d9 100644 --- a/dan/08/18.md +++ b/dan/08/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## a deep sleep ## +# a deep sleep -This is a type of sleep when someone is sleeping heavily and does not wake up easily. \ No newline at end of file +This is a type of sleep when someone is sleeping heavily and does not wake up easily. + +# the time of wrath + +This refers to the time when God will judge. This can be made explicit. AT: "the time when God judges in anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the appointed time for the end + +"the time when the world will end" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/20.md b/dan/08/20.md index 69fe983486..5551fd6b83 100644 --- a/dan/08/20.md +++ b/dan/08/20.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represent human rulers and kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# two horns—they are + +"two horns—they represent" + +# the kings of Media and Persia + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the kings of Media and Persia or 2) this is a metonymy in which the kings represents the kingdoms of Media and Persia. AT: "the kingdoms of Media and Persia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the king of Greece + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the king of Greece or 2) this is a metonymy in which the king represents the kingdom of Greece. AT: "the kingdom of Greece" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The large horn between his eyes is + +"The large horn between his eyes represents" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/22.md b/dan/08/22.md index e5e0e5cd70..764a62e7b6 100644 --- a/dan/08/22.md +++ b/dan/08/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## As for the horn that was broken ... four others arose ## +# General Information: + +In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# As for the horn that was broken ... four others arose "Where the large horn was broken off, four others arose" -## but not with his great power ## +# four kingdoms will arise from his nation -"but not with the great power that the king represented by the long horn had" +The four horns represent the four new kingdoms. This can be made explicit. AT: "they represent the four kingdoms into which the kingdom of the first king will be divided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## shall have reached their limit ## +# but not with his great power + +"but they will not have as much power as the king represented by the large horn" + +# At the latter time of those kingdoms + +"As those kingdoms approach their end" + +# shall have reached their limit "have reached their full" or "have run their course" -## grim-faced ## +# grim-faced -faced** - This means someone who looks defiant, or like he will refuse to obey. \ No newline at end of file +This means someone who looks defiant, or like he will refuse to obey. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/24.md b/dan/08/24.md index 55090ea08c..750b5de3ad 100644 --- a/dan/08/24.md +++ b/dan/08/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## King of kings ## +# General Information: -This refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# but not by his own power + +"but someone else will give him his power" + +# he will make deceit prosper + +Here "deceit" is spoken of as if it is a person who will prosper. AT: "the amount of deception will increase" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# under his hand + +Here "hand" refers to his rule. AT: "under his rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# King of kings + +This refers to God. + +# he will be broken + +Here "he" refers to his power. AT: "his rule will end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not by any human hand + +Here "hand" refers to power. This can be also stated in positive form. AT: "not by any human power" or "by divine power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/26.md b/dan/08/26.md index 235f82fe20..312e071fc4 100644 --- a/dan/08/26.md +++ b/dan/08/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## seal up the vision ## +# General Information: -Possible meanings are 1) "close and seal up what you have written about the vision" or 2) "do not tell anyone about the vision." \ No newline at end of file +The angel continues to instruct Daniel about the visions that Daniel saw. + +# seal up the vision + +The angel speaks about the vision as if it were a scroll that could be closed with a wax seal. This prevented anyone from seeing the contents until the seal was broken. AT: "close and seal up what you have written about the vision" or "do not tell anyone about the vision now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/27.md b/dan/08/27.md index 2c944ba083..cfb30dbebd 100644 --- a/dan/08/27.md +++ b/dan/08/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## was overcome and lay weak for several days ## +# was overcome and lay weak for several days "was exhausted and lay in bed sick for several days" -## I was appalled by the vision ## +# went about the king's business -"I was dismayed by the vision" or "I very confused by the vision" \ No newline at end of file +"did the work that the king had assigned to me" + +# I was appalled by the vision + +"I was dismayed by the vision" or "I was very confused by the vision" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/08/intro.md b/dan/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6768661b3c --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Daniel 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The vision of the ram and the male goat ##### + +Although specific interpretation of this vision is not given, most scholars believe Daniel saw Greece overthrowing Media-Persia before breaking up into four kingdoms. One of these kingdoms stopped the temple worship for a while and then it was restored. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/01.md b/dan/09/01.md index f05e5ab962..bfa5a9fb1e 100644 --- a/dan/09/01.md +++ b/dan/09/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians ## +# General Information: -AT: "who became king over the realm of the Babylonians" or "who conquered the Babylonians" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Chapters 7 and 8 were not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king. Chapter 9 now returns to the events of the reign of Darius who became king in chapter 6. -## over the realm ## +# It was Ahasuerus who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians + +This is background information about who Ahasuerus was. The UDB places this in parentheses to make that clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who became king over the realm of the Babylonians" or "who conquered the Babylonians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# over the realm "over the country" or "over the kingdom" -## there would be seventy years until Jerusalem's abandonment would end ## +# Yahweh -"from the time Jerusalem was destroyed, it would be abandoned for 70 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# there would be seventy years until Jerusalem's abandonment would end + +"from the time Jerusalem was destroyed, it would remain in ruins for 70 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# abandonment + +this means no one would help or rebuild Jerusalem during that time \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/03.md b/dan/09/03.md index ae133337d8..cdb1c29ee0 100644 --- a/dan/09/03.md +++ b/dan/09/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## I turned my face to the Lord God ## +# I turned my face to the Lord God -"I focused my attention on the Lord God" or "I directed my thoughts toward the Lord God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "face" represents Daniel's attention. AT: "I focused my attention on the Lord God" or "I directed my thoughts toward the Lord God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I made confession of our sins ## +# to seek him + +Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fasting, wearing sackcloth, and sitting in ashes + +These are symbolic acts of repentance and sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# I made confession of our sins "I confessed our sins" -## keeps covenant and faithfulness with those ## +# you are the one who keeps the covenant and is faithful to love those -"does what he said he would do in his covenant and is faithful to those" \ No newline at end of file +"you do what what you said you would do in your covenant, and you faithfully love those" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/05.md b/dan/09/05.md index eecb49b014..5eedafc7dd 100644 --- a/dan/09/05.md +++ b/dan/09/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. -## We have sinned and have done what is wrong ## +# We have sinned and have done what is wrong -The two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## We have acted wickedly and we have rebelled ## +# We have acted wickedly and we have rebelled -The two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. +These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## your commands and decrees ## +# your commands and decrees -The words "commands" and "decrees" share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "commands" and "decrees" share similar meanings and refer to the whole law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## spoke in your name ## +# We have not listened to your servants -AT: "spoke with your authority" or "spoke as your representative" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "not listened" means they did not obey their message. AT: "We have not obeyed the message of your prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# spoke in your name + +Here "name" refers to God's authority. AT: "spoke with your authority" or "spoke as your representative" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the people of the land + +Here "land" refers to Israel. AT: "the Israelite people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/07.md b/dan/09/07.md index 0e16b5eff7..e62f3effb8 100644 --- a/dan/09/07.md +++ b/dan/09/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. -## To us today ## +# To you, Lord, belongs righteousness + +Being righteous is spoken of as if "righteousness" were an object that belongs to Yahweh. The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as "righteous." AT: "Lord, you are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# To us today, however, belongs shame on our faces—for the people + +Being ashamed is spoken of as if "shame" were an object that belongs to people. The abstract noun "shame" can be stated as "ashamed." AT: "But as for us, we are ashamed of what we have done—the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# To us today The word "us" includes Daniel and the Israelites, but it does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## because of the great treachery that we committed ## +# belongs shame on our faces -AT: "because we greatly betrayed you" or "because we were very unfaithful to you" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +This idiom means their shame is visible to all. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# because of the great treachery that we committed against you + +"because we greatly betrayed you" or "because we were very unfaithful to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/09.md b/dan/09/09.md index 9ab3723059..7e2d906a8c 100644 --- a/dan/09/09.md +++ b/dan/09/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. -## We have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh ## +# To the Lord our God belong compassion and forgiveness -AT: "We have disobeyed what Yahweh told us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Having these traits is spoken of as if they belonged to the Lord. AT: "The Lord our God is compassionate and forgives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## turned aside ## +# We have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh our God + +Here "voice" refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. AT: "We have not obeyed what Yahweh told us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# turned aside The words "turned aside" mean that Israel stopped obeying God's laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## that are written in the Law of Moses ## +# that are written in the law of Moses -AT: "that Moses wrote about in the Law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Moses wrote about in the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## have been poured out on us ## +# have been poured out on us -AT: "you have brought upon us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]; [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abundance of the curse and the oath are spoken of as if they were poured out like water. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you have brought upon us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/12.md b/dan/09/12.md index c639fcbfca..4113b31047 100644 --- a/dan/09/12.md +++ b/dan/09/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. -## there has not been done anything ## +# For under the whole of heaven -"nothing has been done" +This is an idiom. AT: "For in the whole world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## what has been done to Jerusalem ## +# there has not been done anything -AT: "what you have done to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"nothing has been done." This can be stated in active form. AT: "nothing has happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## As it is written in the Law of Moses ## +# what has been done to Jerusalem -"As Moses wrote in the Law" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what you have done to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## turning away from our iniquities ## +# As it is written in the law of Moses -AT: "stopping our evil actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "As Moses wrote in the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# turning away from our iniquities + +Here stopping evil activity is spoken of as turning away from them. AT: "stopping our evil actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh has kept the disaster ready + +"Yahweh has prepared this disaster" + +# we have not obeyed his voice + +Here "voice" refers to the things that Yahweh commanded. AT: "we have not done what he told us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/15.md b/dan/09/15.md index 756d1785fe..2fc938b8fa 100644 --- a/dan/09/15.md +++ b/dan/09/15.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## with a mighty hand ## +# with a mighty hand -AT: "with great strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "mighty hand" is a metonym for strength. AT: "with great strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## still we sinned; we have done wicked things ## +# you have made a famous name for yourself, as in this present day -The two clauses mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad sin is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"you caused people to know how great you are, as you still do today" -## we sinned; we have done wicked things ## +# still we sinned; we have done wicked things -Daniel and Israel sinned and did wicked things, not God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +These two clauses mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad sin is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## all your righteousness ## +# we sinned; we have done wicked things -"your great righteousness" +Daniel and Israel sinned and did wicked things, but "we" does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## your anger and your wrath ## +# your anger and your wrath -The words "anger" and "wrath" mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how dangerous God can be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "anger" and "wrath" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how terrible God's anger is when he acts on it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the mountain of your holiness ## +# your holy mountain -The word "holiness" here may refer to God's holy temple. AT: "the mountain where your holy temple is" or "your holy mountain". +This mountain may be holy because God's temple is there. AT: "the mountain where your holy temple is" -## our sins ... our ancestors ## +# our sins ... our ancestors -The sins and ancestors of Daniel and Israel, not of God. +Here "our" refers to Daniel and Israel, but not to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## object of scorn ## +# an object of scorn -"target of disrespect" \ No newline at end of file +"a target of disrespect" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/17.md b/dan/09/17.md index ed33bba621..831fe7d44d 100644 --- a/dan/09/17.md +++ b/dan/09/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## Now ## +# Now This does not mean "at this moment", but it is a way to show that the next phase in Daniel's prayer is about to start. -## your servant ... his pleas for mercy ## +# your servant ... his pleas for mercy -The words "your servant" and "his" here refer to Daniel. He speaks about himself in the third person as a sign of respect for God. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]].) +The words "your servant" and "his" here refer to Daniel. He speaks about himself in the third person as a sign of respect for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## pleas for mercy ## +# pleas for mercy "requests for mercy" -## make your face shine on ## +# make your face shine on -AT: "act kindly toward" (UDB) or "act with favor toward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably as if Yahweh's face shone a light. AT: "act kindly toward" or "act with favor toward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## open your eyes ## +# your sanctuary -AT: "Notice us" or "Pay attention" +This refers to the temple in Jerusalem. -## do not delay ## +# open your ears and listen -AT: "do not wait any longer" or "act quickly" \ No newline at end of file +To "open the ears" is an idiom that means to listen. These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel's desire for God to listen to his prayer. AT: "please listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# open your eyes and see + +To "open the eyes" is an idiom that means to see. These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel's desire for God to pay attention to his prayer. AT: "notice us" or "pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# is called by your name + +Here "name" represents ownership. AT: "is your city" or "belongs to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do not delay + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "act quickly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/20.md b/dan/09/20.md index 480fa8f867..faaf6d0214 100644 --- a/dan/09/20.md +++ b/dan/09/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## my people Israel ## +# my people Israel "the people of Israel to whom I belong" -## the mountain of God's holiness ## +# God's holy mountain -The word "holiness" here may refer to God's holy temple. Possible meanings are 1) “the mountain where God's holy temple is” or 2) “God's holy mountain." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The mountain may be holy because of the temple. AT: "the mountain where God's holy temple is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in the vision at the first ## +# the man Gabriel + +This is the same angel Gabriel who appeared in the form of a man in [Daniel 8:16](../08/15.md). AT: "Gabriel, who appeared as a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the vision at the first This may refer to the first vision that Daniel had while he was awake. AT: "in the previous vision" or "in the vision I saw before" or "in a vision before" -## at the time of the evening sacrifice ## +# flew down to me in rapid flight -The Jewish people sacrificed to God each evening just before the sun goes down. \ No newline at end of file +"flew down to me quickly" + +# at the time of the evening sacrifice + +The Jewish people sacrificed to God each evening just before the sun went down. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/22.md b/dan/09/22.md index 05465c4e98..1892d0727c 100644 --- a/dan/09/22.md +++ b/dan/09/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## He gave me understanding and said to me ## +# insight and understanding -The repetition is to emphasize that Gabriel is the reason Daniel will understand the vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "insight" and "understanding" mean the same thing and emphasize that Gabriel will help Daniel to understand the message completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## insight and understanding ## +# the order was given -The two words "insight" and "understanding" mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave the order" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the order was given ## +# consider this word -AT: "God gave the order" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"think about this message" -## consider this word ## +# the revelation -"think about this message". The word "word" is the same the word as "order" earlier in this verse. Translate the same way if possible. - -## the revelation ## - -This refers back to the prophesy of Jeremiah in [Daniel 9:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers back to the prophesy of Jeremiah in [Daniel 9:2](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/24.md b/dan/09/24.md index 95180e74d6..b0d4fe3b84 100644 --- a/dan/09/24.md +++ b/dan/09/24.md @@ -1,43 +1,47 @@ -## Seventy sevens of years are decreed for your people and your holy city to ## +# Seventy sevens of years ... seven sevens ... and sixty-two sevens + +This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. AT: "Seventy times seven years ... seven times seven years ... and sixty-two times seven years" + +# Seventy sevens of years are decreed for your people and your holy city to God decreed that he would do the things in this verse for the people and the holy city. -## Seventy sevens of years ... seven sevens ... and sixty-two sevens ## - -two sevens** - This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. AT: "Seventy times seven years ... seven times seven years ... and sixty-two times seven years" - -## seven sevens … and sixty-two sevens ## - -two sevens** - These added together are 69 of the 70 sevens spoken of in verse 24. - -## your people and your holy city ## +# your people and your holy city The word "your" here refers to Daniel. The people are the Israelites and the holy city is Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## to end the guilt and put an end to sin ## +# to end the guilt and put an end to sin The idea is repeated to emphasize how certain it is that this will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## to carry out the vision ## +# to carry out the vision -AT: "to accomplish the vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "carry out" is an idiom that means to accomplish. AT: "to accomplish the vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the vision and the prophecy ## +# the vision and the prophecy -These words in this context mean the same thing. They are used together to ensure Daniel that Jeremiah's vision was indeed a prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These words in this context mean the same thing. They ensure Daniel that Jeremiah's vision was indeed a prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Know and understand ## +# Know and understand -These words are used together to make the importance clear. AT: "You must clearly understand" or "You must know for sure" +These words are used together to make the importance clear. AT: "You must clearly understand" or "You must know for sure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the anointed one ## +# the anointed one -AT: "the person that God anoints" or "the person that God chooses" +Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. AT: "the person that God anoints" or "the person that God chooses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Jerusalem will be rebuilt ## +# seven sevens ... and sixty-two sevens -AT: "People will rebuild Jerusalem" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These added together are 69 of the 70 sevens spoken of in verse 24. -## moat ## +# Jerusalem will be rebuilt -a deep ditch around a city or building, usually with water in it \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will rebuild Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# moat + +a deep ditch around a city or building, usually with water in it + +# the times of distress + +"a time of great trouble" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/26.md b/dan/09/26.md index fff0f58058..db492c9620 100644 --- a/dan/09/26.md +++ b/dan/09/26.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## sixty-two sevens ## +# sixty-two sevens of -two sevens** - See how you translated this number in [Daniel 9:24](./24.md). +This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. See how you translated this number in [Daniel 9:25](./24.md). AT: "sixty-two times seven" -## the anointed one will be destroyed ## +# the anointed one will be destroyed and will have nothing -AT: "people will destroy the anointed one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will destroy the anointed one and he will have nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the anointed one ## +# the anointed one -See how you translated this title in [Daniel 9:24](./24.md). +Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 9:25](./24.md). AT: "the person that God anoints" or "the person that God chooses" -## a coming ruler ## +# a coming ruler -This is a foreign ruler, not "the anointed one." AT: "a foreign ruler who will come" or "a powerful ruler who will come" +This is a foreign ruler, not "the anointed one." AT: "a foreign ruler who will come" or "a powerful ruler who will come" -## Its end will come with a flood ## +# Its end will come with a flood -The army will destroy it just as a flood destroys things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The army will destroy the city and the holy place just as a flood destroys things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Desolations have been decreed ## +# Desolations have been decreed -AT: "God has decreed desolations" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has decreed ruin for the city and sanctuary" or "God has declared that the enemy army will destroy everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/27.md b/dan/09/27.md index 21aa08105e..1f3c70f98d 100644 --- a/dan/09/27.md +++ b/dan/09/27.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## one seven ## +# He will ... he will -AT: "a single seven" or "one period of seven years" +This refers to the coming ruler who will destroy the anointed one. -## the sacrifice and the offering ## +# one seven ... In the middle of the seven + +Here "seven" is used to refer to a period of seven years. AT: "seven years ... Halfway through the seven years" + +# put an end to + +"stop" or "halt" + +# the sacrifice and the offering These words basically mean the same thing. The repetition is to show that the ruler will prevent all types of sacrifices. AT: "all forms of sacrificing" or "every type of offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the wing of abominations ## +# the wing of abominations -This may refer to the defensive structures on top of the walls of the temple, which is called "abominations" because it is full of idols. AT: "On the walls of the temple that is full of abominations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This may refer to the defensive structures on top of the walls of the temple, which are called "abominations" because they are full of idols. AT: "the walls of the temple that are full of abominations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## someone who makes desolate ... the one who is making desolation ## +# someone who makes desolate -"a desolation-maker" AT: "the person who makes things desolate" +"a person who completely destroys" -## a full end and the destruction ## +# A full end and destruction are decreed to be poured out -These two words or expressions are basically the same. They are repeated to emphasize how serious and complete the destruction will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has decreed that he will pour out a full end and destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the destruction that is decreed is poured out ## +# A full end and destruction -AT: "God causes the destruction that he has decreed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two words or expressions are basically the same. They emphasize how serious and complete the destruction will be. AT: "Complete destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the one who has made the desolation + +"the person who caused the destruction" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/intro.md b/dan/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..216ffdd1fc --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Daniel 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Daniel told the future ##### +Gabriel told Daniel a prophecy that Jerusalem would be rebuilt. Then later an anointed person would be killed and the worship at the temple stopped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +##### The unusual expression of numbers in 9:24-26 ##### + +This passage uses the expressions "seventy sevens of years," "seven sevens and sixty-two sevens," and "sixty-two sevens of years" to denote ""490 years," "49 years and then 434 years," and "434 years," respectively. The original language uses the idea of a "week" to express the idea of a group of sevens, but these numbers are clearly meant to denote years, not weeks. Most translators should use the ways normal in their languages to express these numbers. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/01.md b/dan/10/01.md index 5fe3b987bd..49e8a934df 100644 --- a/dan/10/01.md +++ b/dan/10/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## the third year of Cyrus king ## +# the third year of Cyrus king of Persia -"year 3 of the rule of Cyrus the king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) +"year 3 of the rule of Cyrus the king of Persia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## a message was revealed to Daniel ## +# a message was revealed to Daniel -AT: "God revealed a word to Daniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can also be expressed in active form. AT: "God revealed a message to Daniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## who was also called Belteshazzar ## +# insight -AT: "whose name was also Belteshazzar" - -## when he had insight from a vision ## - -AT: “when he gained understanding from a vision” \ No newline at end of file +"understanding" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/02.md b/dan/10/02.md index 124bb92e56..3132c47e47 100644 --- a/dan/10/02.md +++ b/dan/10/02.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## delicacies ## +# delicacies -expensive or rare kinds of food. AT: "fancy foods" +These are expensive or rare kinds of food. AT: "fancy foods" -## until the completion of three entire weeks ## +# until the completion of three entire weeks -"for the duration of three entire weeks" \ No newline at end of file +"until the end of three entire weeks" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/04.md b/dan/10/04.md index 2d56ca96fd..f4a1b6207d 100644 --- a/dan/10/04.md +++ b/dan/10/04.md @@ -1,39 +1,35 @@ -## on the twenty-fourth day of the first month - ## +# On the twenty-fourth day of the first month -fourth day of the first month - ** AT: "on day 24 of month 1" +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## with a belt around his waist ## +# with a belt around his waist -AT: "He was wearing a belt" +"and he was wearing a belt" -## a belt around his waist made of pure gold from Uphaz ## - -"a belt of pure gold from Uphaz" - -## Uphaz ## +# Uphaz Uphaz is a place. Its location is not known (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## His body was like topaz- ## +# His body was like topaz -** AT: "his body was the color of topaz, shining like a gemstone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +His body gleamed with blue or yellow light as if it were made of topaz. AT: "his body gleamed like topaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## topaz ## +# topaz -a gemstone, also known as beryl, peridot, or chrysolite +a blue or yellow gemstone, also known as beryl, peridot, or chrysolite -## his face was like lightning ## +# his face was like lightning -AT: "his face shone with light as bright as the flash of lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +His face shone brightly as a bolt of lightning shines. AT: "his face shone with light as bright as the flash of lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## his eyes were like flaming torches ## +# His eyes were like flaming torches -AT: "his eyes looked like they had torches burning bright inside them"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +His eyes were bright with light as if they were flaming torches. AT: "his eyes were so bright that it seemed they had torches burning inside them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## his arms and his feet were like polished bronze ## +# his arms and his feet were like polished bronze -AT: "his arms and feet shone like polished bronze that reflects the light around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +His arms and feet were as shiny as if they were made of polished bronze. AT: "his arms and feet shone like polished bronze that reflects the light around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## and the sound of his words was like the sound of a great crowd ## +# The sound of his words was like the sound of a great crowd -AT: "his voice was as loud as a huge crowd all calling out together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +His voice was so loud that it was as if a crowd of people were all talking loudly. AT: "his voice was as loud as a huge crowd all calling out together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/07.md b/dan/10/07.md index 9aa1b36303..5a657a3d72 100644 --- a/dan/10/07.md +++ b/dan/10/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## So I was left alone and saw ## +# So I was left alone and saw -AT: “No one was with me, and I saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. "No one was with me, and I saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## my radiant appearance was fearfully changed ## +# my bright appearance was turned into a ruined look -AT: "I was so afraid that my normal appearance changed and I did not look like myself." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). +This can be stated in active form. "my bright appearance turned into looking ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I fell on my face in deep sleep ## +# my bright appearance -Daniel was so afraid by what he saw that he fainted and fell forward so that his face was toward the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This describes the face of someone who is healthy. AT: "my healthy-looking face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a ruined look + +Someone's unhealthy, pale face is spoken of as if it were a ruined building. AT: "pale" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I heard his words + +This implies that someone was speaking in the vision. This can be made explicit. AT: "I heard the words of someone who was speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I fell on my face in deep sleep + +Possible meanings are: 1) Daniel was so scared by what he saw that he deliberately laid on the ground, where he then fainted or 2) Daniel fainted and then fell forward onto the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/10.md b/dan/10/10.md index 9bbddf415f..4ebf733608 100644 --- a/dan/10/10.md +++ b/dan/10/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## A hand touched me ## +# A hand touched me -AT: "Someone touched me with his hand." This was probably the man that Daniel saw in [Daniel 10:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here a person's hand represents that person, probably the man whom Daniel saw in [Daniel 10:5-6](./04.md). AT: "Someone touched me with his hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Daniel, man greatly treasured + +This can also be stated in active form. AT: "Daniel, you whom God greatly treasures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# greatly treasured + +much valued and loved \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/12.md b/dan/10/12.md index 200584c10f..470858418f 100644 --- a/dan/10/12.md +++ b/dan/10/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## you set your mind to understand ## +# you set your mind to understand "you determined to understand the vision" -## your words were heard ## +# your words were heard -"God heard your words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "God heard your words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## prince ## +# prince -This refers here to a spirit who has authority over a human nation. AT: "spirit prince" \ No newline at end of file +Here this refers to a spirit who has authority over a human nation. AT: "spirit prince" + +# the kings of Persia + +This probably refers to the various kings who ruled over nations in the Persian Empire, and who had to obey the king of Persia. + +# Michael, one of the chief princes + +"Michael, on of the chief angels" or "Michael, one of the archangels" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/14.md b/dan/10/14.md index 4f2006f7fd..7a84278be7 100644 --- a/dan/10/14.md +++ b/dan/10/14.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## I turned my face toward the ground ## +# I turned my face toward the ground -"I looked to the ground." Daniel may have done this to show humble reverence, or because he was afraid. \ No newline at end of file +"I looked at the ground." Daniel may have done this to show humble reverence, or because he was afraid. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/16.md b/dan/10/16.md index 93e3c2f049..24f475d15c 100644 --- a/dan/10/16.md +++ b/dan/10/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## One who looked like a human being ## +# One who was like the sons of man -This refers to the one who had just spoken to Daniel. AT: "This one who looked like a human" +This may refer to the one who had just spoken to Daniel. However, some versions interpret it as referring to a different person. AT: "This one, who looked like a human" -## the vision has turned my anguish on me ## +# like the sons of man -"the vision has made my anguish make me very weak" or "because I saw this vision, my fear makes me weak" +Here this expression refers to human beings in general. AT: "like a human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## anguish ## +# agony severe emotional suffering -## there is no breath left in me ## +# I am your servant. How can I talk with my master? -AT: "I cannot breathe" or "it's very hard to breathe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). \ No newline at end of file +Daniel asks this question meaning that he cannot speak to the angel because he is not the angel's equal. These sentences can be combined. AT: "I am not able to answer you because I am only your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# there is no breath left in me + +This idiom refers to breathing. AT: "I cannot breathe" or "it's very hard to breathe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/18.md b/dan/10/18.md index 4927ef67d3..f64af63413 100644 --- a/dan/10/18.md +++ b/dan/10/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## The one with an appearance like a human being ## +# the one with an appearance of a man -AT: The one who looked like a human" +"the one who looked like a human" -## Be strong now; be strong - ## +# Be strong now, be strong -** The words "be strong" are repeated for emphasis. +The words "be strong" are repeated for emphasis. -## I was strengthened ## +# man greatly treasured -AT: "I became strong" \ No newline at end of file +This can also be stated in active form. AT: "you whom God greatly treasures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I was strengthened + +This can also be stated in active form. AT: "I became strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/20.md b/dan/10/20.md index 85fb78d695..8700848141 100644 --- a/dan/10/20.md +++ b/dan/10/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## the prince of Persia ## +# the prince of Persia -"Prince" refers here to a spirit who rules and guards a human nation. AT: “spirit prince.” See how you translated "the prince of the Persian kingdom" in [Daniel 10:12](./12.md). +Here "prince" refers to a spirit who rules and guards a human nation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 10:13](./12.md). AT: "the spirit prince of Persia" -## what is written in the book of truth ## +# But I will tell you -AT: "what the book of truth says" or "what someone wrote in the book of truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This implies that the angel will tell Daniel about this immediately, before he goes away. AT: "But first I will tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## who shows himself to be strong ## +# what is written in The Book of Truth -AT: "who proves himself to be strong" or "who remains faithful" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what The Book of Truth says" or "what someone wrote in The Book of Truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## except Michael your prince ## +# who shows himself to be strong -AT: "Michael your prince is the only one who does this" +"who proves himself to be strong" -## Michael your prince ## +# There is no one who shows himself to be strong with me against them, except Michael your prince -The word "your" is plural. It refers to Daniel and the rest of the people of Israel. AT: "Michael, the prince of your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +"Michael your prince is the only one to show himself strong with me against them" or "Michael your prince is the only one who helps me against them" -## prince ## +# Michael your prince -See how you translated "prince" when it refers to Michael in [Daniel 10:12](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file +The word "your" is plural. It refers to Daniel and the rest of the people of Israel. AT: "Michael, the prince of your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Michael your prince + +"Michael your guardian angel." Translate "prince" when it refers to Michael as you did [Daniel 10:13](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/intro.md b/dan/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..06515b4391 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Daniel 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a section where Daniel is given a prophecy about the future from an angel. This section continues for the remainder of the book. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/01.md b/dan/11/01.md index 966180d475..3f85a02d81 100644 --- a/dan/11/01.md +++ b/dan/11/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -In Daniel 11:1 through 12:4, the one who was speaking to Daniel in chapter 10 tells him what is written in the book of truth as he said he would in [Daniel 10:20](../10/20.md). +# General Information: -## In the first year of Darius ## +In Daniel 11:1 through 12:4, the one who was speaking to Daniel in chapter 10 tells him what is written in the book of truth. This is as he said he would do in [Daniel 10:21](../10/20.md). -"In the first year of the reign of Darius" +# In the first year of Darius -## Three kings will arise in Persia ## +Darius was the King of the Medes. "The first year" refers to the first year that he was king. AT: "In the first year of the reign of Darius" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "Three kings will rule over Persia" +# Three kings will arise in Persia -## a fourth will be far richer than all the others ## +"Three kings will rule over Persia" -"after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him" (See: Ordinal Numbers) +# a fourth will be far richer than all the others -## power ## +"after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -Possible meanings are 1) authority or 2) military power +# power -## he will stir up everyone ## +Possible meanings are 1) authority or 2) military power. -AT: "cause everyone to be disturbed so that they will fight" or "cause everyone to fight" \ No newline at end of file +# he will stir up everyone + +"he will cause everyone to want to fight" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/03.md b/dan/11/03.md index 8b7547ad62..ee15701a56 100644 --- a/dan/11/03.md +++ b/dan/11/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## A mighty king will rise up ## +# A mighty king will rise up -"A mighty king will appear" or "A mighty king will begin to reign" +The idea of rising up or standing is often used for someone who becomes powerful. AT: "A mighty king will begin to reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who will rule a very great kingdom ## +# who will rule a very great kingdom -Possible meanings are 1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or 2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power. +Possible meanings are 1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or 2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power. -## the four winds of heaven ## +# his kingdom will be broken and divided -See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:1](../07/01.md) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his kingdom will break apart and divide" or "his kingdom will break apart into pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## it will not be given to his descendants ## +# the four winds of heaven -AT: "his descendants will not rule his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:2](../07/01.md). -## his kingdom will be uprooted and given to others who are not his descendants ## +# but not to his own descendants -AT: "another power will uproot and destroy his kingdom, and others who are not his descendants will rule over it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The idea of not being divided and shared out is implied here. AT: "but it will not be divided for his own descendants" or "but it will not be shared by his own descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# his kingdom will be uprooted for others besides his descendants + +The kingdom is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone destroyed by uprooting it. This idea can be expressed in active form. AT: "another power will uproot and destroy his kingdom and others who are not his descendants will rule over it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/05.md b/dan/11/05.md index 870b75aedc..c7b8614e57 100644 --- a/dan/11/05.md +++ b/dan/11/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## one of his commanders will become stronger than he and will rule an even greater kingdom ## +# one of his commanders will become even stronger than he and will rule his kingdom with great power A commander of the king of the South will become the king of the North. -## they will make an alliance ## +# they will make an alliance The king of the South will make an alliance with the king of the North. This alliance would be a formal agreement that both nations are required to follow. AT: "the king of the South and the king of the North will promise to work together." -## The daughter of the king of the South will come...to confirm the agreement ## +# The daughter of the king of the South will come ... to confirm the agreement -The king of the South will give his daughter in marriage the king of the North. The marriage will confirm the agreement between the two kings. +The king of the South will give his daughter in marriage to the king of the North. The marriage will confirm the agreement between the two kings. -## she will be abandoned ## +# her arm's strength ... his arm -AT: "they will abandon her." This appears to refer to a plot to kill her and those who made the alliance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "arm" stands for power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# She will be abandoned + +This appears to refer to a plot to kill her and those who made the alliance. This phrase may be expressed in active form. AT: "They will abandon her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/07.md b/dan/11/07.md index e621df5f1d..d24529bcff 100644 --- a/dan/11/07.md +++ b/dan/11/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## a branch from her roots ## +# a branch from her roots -The family is spoken of in terms of a tree. The roots represent ancestors and the branches represent descendants. AT: "a descendant of her ancestors" or "one of her relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This family is spoken of as if it were a tree. The roots represent ancestors, and the branch represents a descendant. AT: "a descendant of her ancestors" or "one of her descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## her roots ## +# her roots -The word "her" refers to the daughter of the king of the South in [Daniel 11:5](./05.md). +The word "her" refers to the daughter of the king of the South in [Daniel 11:6](./05.md). -## He will attack the army ## +# He will attack the army -The word "he" refers to her relative, and here it includes his army. AT: "He and his army will attack the army of the king of the North" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "he" refers to her descendant, and here it also refers to his army. AT: "He and his army will attack the army of the king of the North" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## but he will withdraw ## +# He will fight them + +Here "them" represents the soldiers of the enemy army. AT: "He will fight the enemy soldiers" + +# but he will withdraw The word "he" refers to the king of the North. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/10.md b/dan/11/10.md index 537b60688f..ea825035f9 100644 --- a/dan/11/10.md +++ b/dan/11/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## His sons ## +# His sons "The sons of the king of the North" -## will wage war ## +# assemble a great army -AT: "will fight against their enemies" +"gather together many men who can fight in battles" -## assemble a great army ## +# will flood everything -AT: "gather together many men who can fight in battles" - -## will overflow like a flood ## - -The way the large army covers the land will be like a flood of water. AT: "will be so great in number that they will cover all the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The way the large army covers the land will be like a flood of water. AT: "will be so great in number that they will cover all the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/11.md b/dan/11/11.md index bcfa7e8c4a..bb4799ad49 100644 --- a/dan/11/11.md +++ b/dan/11/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## it will be handed over to king of the South. ## +# will raise up a great army -AT: "God will hand the army over to the king of the South" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"will assemble a great army" -## When the army is carried off ## +# the army will be given into his hand -AT: "When the king of the South captures the army of the North" +Here "hand" represents the control of the king of the South. AT: "the king will surrender the army to the king of the South" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will be filled with pride ## +# The army will be carried off -"will become very proud" +This may be expressed in active form. AT: "The king of the South will capture the army of the North" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## will have many thousands of his enemies killed ## +# will be lifted up -"will have his army kill many thousands of his enemies" or "will kill many thousands of his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Being lifted up represents the idea of becoming very proud. AT: "will become very proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## many thousands ## +# will make tens of thousands to fall -See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]. \ No newline at end of file +Here falling represents dying in battle. AT: "will have his army kill many thousands of his enemies" or "will kill many thousands of his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tens of thousands + +"many thousands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/13.md b/dan/11/13.md index c94d41c89e..9569e6cffc 100644 --- a/dan/11/13.md +++ b/dan/11/13.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## a great army supplied with much equipment ## +# a great army supplied with much equipment -AT: "a great army that has a lot of equipment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can also be stated in active form. AT: "a great army that has much equipment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/14.md b/dan/11/14.md index d0e9e49636..36ffb96e50 100644 --- a/dan/11/14.md +++ b/dan/11/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## many will rise against the king ## +# many will rise against the king -“many people will rebel against the king” +Here the idea of rising up represents rebelling. AT: "many people will rebel against the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they will stumble and fall ## +# Sons of the violent -"they will not be able to resist the king, and they will die"" \ No newline at end of file +This expression stands for violent people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will stumble + +Here stumbling represents failing. AT: "they will not succeed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/15.md b/dan/11/15.md index 773653709a..e643b10ba3 100644 --- a/dan/11/15.md +++ b/dan/11/15.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## The king of the North will come ## +# The king of the North will come -AT: "The army of the king of the North will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "king of the North" includes his army also. AT: "The army of the king of the North will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## will not be able to stand ## +# pour out earth for siege mounds -AT: "will not be able to keep fighting against them" +This refers to the piling up of earth in order for soldiers to reach the height of city walls in order to attack them. Soldiers and slaves would put loose earth in baskets, carry them to the right place, and pour it out in order to raise the mounds. -## he will establish himself ## +# fortifications -AT: "the king will set up his rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +walls and other things built to defend a city or fort from enemy soldiers -## the beautiful land ## +# will not be able to stand -This probably refers to Israel. +Here standing represents the ability to fight. AT: "will not be able to keep fighting against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## with complete destruction in his hand ## +# the one who comes will act according to his desires against him -AT: "and he will have power to destroy anything in his way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the invading king will do whatever he wants against the other king" + +# He will stand in + +Here standing represents ruling. AT: "The king will begin to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the land of beauty + +This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in [Daniel 08:09](../08/09.md). + +# destruction will be in his hand + +Here "destruction" represents the power to destroy. Also, the power to destroy is spoken of as if it were something that someone could hold in his hand. AT: "he will have power to destroy anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/17.md b/dan/11/17.md index f54427fd94..6ce566df13 100644 --- a/dan/11/17.md +++ b/dan/11/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -He continues speaking to Daniel. +# General Information: -## come with the strength ## +The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -AT: "come with the force of the army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# set his face -## will put an end to his insolence ## +This is an idiom for a person deciding to do something and not being willing to change his mind. AT: "decide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"will make the king of the North stop being arrogant toward others" +# come with the strength of his entire kingdom -## will cause his insolence to turn back upon him ## +This probably refers to military power. AT: "come with the force of all his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "will cause the king of the North to experience the arrogant behavior that he treated others with" or "will cause the king of the North to receive the shameful treatment that he gave to other people" +# a daughter of women -## he will not be found ## +This is an elegant way of saying "a woman." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "he will disappear" or "he will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# will end his arrogance + +"will make the king of the North stop being arrogant" + +# will cause his arrogance to turn back upon him + +"will cause the king of the North to suffer because he was arrogant toward others" + +# he will pay attention + +"the king of the North will pay attention" + +# he will not be found + +This is a way of saying that he will die. This idea can be stated in active form. AT: "he will disappear" or "he will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/20.md b/dan/11/20.md index 5b4e3c6f7e..2bf35a5134 100644 --- a/dan/11/20.md +++ b/dan/11/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## Then one will rise up in his place ## +# General Information: -AT: "Then another man will succeed the king of the North" or "Then another man will become king of the North" +The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## will force taxes to be paid ## +# someone will rise up in his place -AT: "will force people to pay taxes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Rising up in a king's place represents becoming king in place of the previous king. AT: "another man will become king of the North instead of that king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a despised person to whom the people will not have given the honor of royalty ## +# will make a tax collector pass through -"a person whom the people will despise and will not honor as king." They will refuse to honor him because he does not have royal ancestors so he does not have the right to become king. +The tax collector will go through the land forcing people to pay taxes. AT: "will send someone to make the people pay taxes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## A great army will be swept away like a flood before him ## +# he will be broken -AT: "He will sweep away a great army like a flood" or "His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys anything in its path." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]). +Here "he" refers to the new king. Being broken represents dying. AT: "the new king will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that army and the leader established by the covenant will be destroyed ## +# but not in anger -AT: "he will destroy that army and the leader established by the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) no one was angry at the king, or 2) that the occasion and cause of the king's death were kept secret. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the leader established by the covenant ## +# a despised person to whom the people will not have given the honor of royal power -This covenant is probably God's covenant with Israel. AT: "the one whom God made to be the leader of his covenant with Israel" or "the leader of Israel's priests" \ No newline at end of file +The people will refuse to acknowledge him as king because he is not a descendant of kings. AT: "a person whom the people will despise and will not honor as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# An army will be swept away like a flood from before him + +Being swept away represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]). + +# Both that army and the leader of the covenant will be destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the leader of the covenant + +"the leader of the priests." This phrase refers to the person who filled the most important religious position that God required in his covenant, that of the high priest. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/23.md b/dan/11/23.md index 9ed60ffc1e..ca7673103b 100644 --- a/dan/11/23.md +++ b/dan/11/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## From the time an alliance is made with him ## +# General Information: -The word "him" refers to the king of the North. AT: "When he makes a peace treaty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## spreading among his followers ## +# From the time an alliance is made with him -"giving to his followers" +This can also be stated in active form. AT: "When other rulers make a peace treaty with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the booty, the plunder, and the wealth ## +# will spread among his followers -This refers to valuable things that an army steals when it conquers a city or village. AT: "the valuable things that he and his army steal from the people they defeat" \ No newline at end of file +"will distribute to his followers" + +# the booty, the plunder, and the wealth + +"the valuable things that he and his army take from the people they defeat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/25.md b/dan/11/25.md index e6d8780220..11d4b8f146 100644 --- a/dan/11/25.md +++ b/dan/11/25.md @@ -1,39 +1,51 @@ -## stir up his power and courage ... with a great army ## +# General Information: -"With a great army, he will become powerful and bold to attack the king of the South" or "He will gather a powerful army so he can boldly attack the king of the South" +The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -## will wage war ## +# He will wake up his power and his heart + +Power and heart (that is, courage) are spoken of as if they were people whom someone could wake up in order to make them act. AT: "He will make himself powerful and will become courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# heart + +Here this represents courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with a great army + +"with a great army that he will assemble" + +# will wage war "will fight against him" -## because of all the plots devised against him ## +# he will not stand -AT: "because of all the plots that people devise against him" or "because people plan many ways to hurt him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Not standing represents being defeated. AT: "the king of the South will be defeated" or "his army will be defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## those who eat from the king's table ## +# those who eat his fine food -This refers to the king's advisors. +This refers to the king's advisers. It was usual for a king's most trusted advisers to eat meals with him. AT: "the king's best advisers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## His army will be swept away like a flood ## +# His army will be swept away like a flood -"His enemy will defeat his army." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 11:20](./20.md). +Here the severe defeat of an army is spoken of as a flood of water that completely sweeps it away. AT: "The enemy will completely defeat his army" or "His enemy will completely destroy his army as a flood destroys everything in its path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## many of them will be killed ## +# many of them will fall killed -AT: "the enemy will kill many of his soldiers" or "many of his soldiers will die in the battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "fall" is an idiom that refers to dying in battle, so "fall" and "killed" mean basically the same thing. AT: "many of his soldiers will die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## will sit at the same table ## +# with their hearts set on evil against each other -They will meet together and try to make an agreement with each other. +Here "heart" represents a person's desires. Desires are spoken of here as if they were an object that someone could set or place in a certain position. AT: "each determined to do evil to the other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## with their hearts set on evil against each other ## +# will sit at the same table -This means that they want to harm each other. +Sitting at the same table represents the act of talking to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## but for no purpose ## +# but it will be of no use -This means that they will not succeed in making an alliance with each other. +"but their talking will not help them" -## For the end will come at the time that has been fixed ## +# For the end will come at the time that has been fixed -This tells why their meetings will not be successful. AT: The end of their fighting will only come at the time that God has fixed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This tells why their meetings will not be successful. AT: "The result of their actions will only come at the time that God has fixed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/28.md b/dan/11/28.md index 1cfc984afb..24b6451a8c 100644 --- a/dan/11/28.md +++ b/dan/11/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## his heart will be set against ## +# riches, with his heart set against the holy covenant -AT: "he firmly decided to harm" and "he set his mind against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" represents the mind or thoughts of a person. The idiom "his heart set against" means to be determined to oppose something. This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "riches. He will be determined to oppose the holy covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with his heart set against the holy covenant + +The king's desire to act against the holy covenant represents his desire to stop the Israelites from obeying that covenant. AT: "determined to stop the Israelites from obeying the holy covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the holy covenant + +Here "holy" describes God's covenant with Israel. It implies that the covenant should be honored and obeyed because it comes from God himself. AT: "God's covenant, which all the Israelites should obey" + +# He will act + +This implies that the king will do certain actions in Israel. AT: "He will do what he wants to in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/29.md b/dan/11/29.md index 26903cadaf..c2b75942fc 100644 --- a/dan/11/29.md +++ b/dan/11/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Kittim ## +# ships of Kittim will come against him -This may refer to a settlement on the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The ships represent the army coming in those ships. AT: "an army will come from Kittim in ships in order to fight his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he will be disheartened ## +# Kittim -AT: "he will become discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This may refer to a settlement on the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## He will be enraged ## +# He will be furious against the holy covenant -AT: "He will become very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"He will hate the holy covenant" -## will show favor ## +# will show favor to those -AT: "will give special attention to" \ No newline at end of file +"will act in favor for those" or "will help those" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/31.md b/dan/11/31.md index 1bdc9f10bc..666e6788f2 100644 --- a/dan/11/31.md +++ b/dan/11/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## His forces will rise up ## +# His forces will rise up -AT: "His army will appear" or "His army will come." The word "His" refers to the king of the North. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"His army will appear" or "His army will come." The word "His" refers to the king of the North. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the abomination that causes complete desolation ## +# the fortress sanctuary -AT: "the disgusting thing that makes the temple unclean" or "the disgusting thing that causes God to abandon the temple" +"the sanctuary that the people use as a fortress" -## seduce them ## +# They will take away the regular burnt offering -"pull them to himself" or "turn them from God" +Taking away the offering represents preventing people from offering it. AT: "They will stop the priests from presenting the regular burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who know their God ## +# the abomination that causes desolation -AT: "who are faithful to God" +This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. AT: "the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple" or "the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## will be strong and take action ## +# acted wickedly against the covenant + +"wickedly disobeyed the covenant" + +# corrupt them + +"persuade them to do evil" + +# who know their God + +Here "know" means "be faithful." AT: "who are faithful to their God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will be strong and will take action "will be firm and resist them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/33.md b/dan/11/33.md index 8aee71da17..f66ab656ff 100644 --- a/dan/11/33.md +++ b/dan/11/33.md @@ -1,27 +1,59 @@ -## will give understanding to many ## +# they will stumble by the sword and by flame -"will help many people understand" +Here "stumble" is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. Here "sword" represents battles and warfare, and "flame" represents fire. AT: "they will die in battle and by burning to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the will fall by the sword ## +# they -The word "sword" here is used to refer to battles. AT: "they will be killed in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the wise persons among the Israelites. -## they will be taken as prisoners and robbed of their possessions ## +# they will stumble into captivity and into being robbed for days -AT: "their enemies will put them in prison and steal their possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "stumble" is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. The phrase "being robbed" can be stated in active form. AT: "they will become slaves and their enemies will rob them of their possessions for days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## when they stumble ... the wise will stumble ## +# they will be helped with a little help -To "stumble" here means to be struck down by persecution. It does not imply that they sinned. +This may be put into active form. AT: "others will give them a little help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that they may be refined, cleansed, and made pure ## +# In hypocrisy many will join themselves with them -AT: "that God may refine them, cleanse them, and make them pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This refers to other people who will pretend to help the wise persons, but not because they truly wish to help them. -## time of the end ## +# will join themselves -"end of time" or "when time is no more" +Here "join themselves" represents "come to help." AT: "will come to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the appointed time is still to come ## +# Some of the wise will stumble ... until the time of the end -AT: "the appointed time will be later" or "it is not yet the appointed" \ No newline at end of file +This suffering will continue until the time when God has decided that it will end. + +# Some of the wise will stumble + +Here "stumble" represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that refining will happen to them + +Here "so that" means "with the result that." AT: "with the result that refining will happen to them" + +# refining will happen to them, and cleansing, and purifying + +These three activities are expressed here as if they were things. However, they may be expressed as actions, either in passive form or in active form. AT: "they will be refined, cleansed, and purified" or "their suffering will refine, cleanse, and purify them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# refining + +This refers to the purifying of metal by melting it in a fire. When God makes his people more faithful to himself, this is spoken of as if they were metal that a worker was making more pure by putting it into fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cleansing + +This refers to making people, places, or objects suitable for God's use by separating them from sin and other forms of evil. It speaks of evil as if it were physical dirtiness that could be removed by washing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# purifying + +This idea is very similar to refining, discussed earlier. Metal that is refined can also be said to be purified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# time of the end + +"the final days" or "the end of the world." See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/15.md). + +# the appointed time is still to come + +Here "appointed time" implies that God has set the time. This can be put into active form. AT: "Yahweh has set the time in the future" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/36.md b/dan/11/36.md index 06a587f678..45b130ab5d 100644 --- a/dan/11/36.md +++ b/dan/11/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## The king ## +# The king will act according to his desires -AT: "The king of the North" +"The king will do whatever he wants" -## exalt and magnify ## +# The king -The words "exalt" and "magnify" mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]). +This refers to the king of the North. -## astonishing things ## +# lift himself up and make himself great + +The phrases "lift himself up" and "make himself great" mean the same thing and indicate that the king will become very proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# lift himself up + +Here this represents becoming very proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# make himself great + +Here this represents pretending to be very important and powerful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the God of gods + +This refers to the one true God. AT: "the supreme God" or "the only true God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# astonishing things "terrible things" or "shocking things" -## the God of gods ## +# until the wrath is completed -If this phrase would make people think that there really are more than one god, then it might be necessary to translate it differently. AT: "the supreme God" or "the only true God" \ No newline at end of file +This phrase pictures God as storing up his wrath until his storeroom is completely full of it and he is ready to act according to it. AT: "until God is completely angry with him" or "until God is angry enough to take action against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the god desirable to women + +This seems to refer to the pagan god named Tammuz. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/38.md b/dan/11/38.md index ea5ce1c9d0..1af0f14a10 100644 --- a/dan/11/38.md +++ b/dan/11/38.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Instead of them ## +# the god of fortresses -The word "them" refers to the gods mentioned in [Daniel 11:36](./36.md) +The king probably believed that this false god would help him to attack other people's fortresses and keep his own. AT: "the god that controls fortresses" -## the god of fortresses ## +# instead of these -"the god that controls fortresses." He probably believes that this false god will either protect his fortresses or help him to attack other people's fortresses. +The word "these" refers to the gods mentioned in [Daniel 11:37](./36.md). -## he will divide up the land for a price ## +# he will divide up the land as a reward Possible meanings are 1) "he will give the land to his followers as a reward" or 2) "he will sell land to his followers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/40.md b/dan/11/40.md index 55d54fa3e2..9fdc1e50c8 100644 --- a/dan/11/40.md +++ b/dan/11/40.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## the king of the South ## +# the time of the end -AT: "the army of the king of the South" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"the final days" or "the end of the world." See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/15.md). -## The king of the North ## +# the king of the South ... The king of the North -AT: "the army of the king of the North" +These phrases stand for the kings and their armies. AT: "the king of the South and his army ... The king of the North and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## like a storm ## +# will storm against him -The violence of the army is compared to the destruction caused by a strong storm. AT: "violently" or "violently like a storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Violently attacking with an army is spoken of as if a storm happened. AT: "will attack him like a violent storm" or "will violently attack him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He will invade ## +# flood them -AT: "The king of the North will invade" +When an army overruns a country, it is spoken of as if a flood occurred. See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## like a flood ## +# pass through -See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:10](./10.md) +Nothing will stop the army. AT: "will pass through the lands with no one to stop him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the glorious land ## +# the land of beauty -This refers to land of Israel. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md) +This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in [Daniel 08:09](../08/09.md) and [Daniel 11:16](./15.md). -## many will stumble and fall ## +# will fall -AT: "many Israelites will die." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 11:14](./14.md) +Here falling represents the action of dying. AT: "will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## will escape from his hand ## +# But these will escape from his hand -“will escape from him” or “will escape from his power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" represents power. AT: "But these will escape from his power" or "But he will not be able to destroy these nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/42.md b/dan/11/42.md index cb0f4d5a34..4d272cb428 100644 --- a/dan/11/42.md +++ b/dan/11/42.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + This is still about the king of the North. -## the Libyans and the Ethiopians ## +# He will extend his hand into lands -"the people of Libya and Ethiopia." Libya is a country west of Egypt, and Ethiopia is a country south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" represents power and control. AT: "He will extend his control over various lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# into lands + +Here the idea is many lands or various lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the land of Egypt will not be rescued + +This can be put into active form. AT: "the land of Egypt will not escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Libyans and the Cushites will be in his footsteps + +Here "footsteps" represent submission. AT: "the Libyans and the Cushites will have to serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the Libyans and the Cushites + +"the people of Libya and Cush." Libya is a country west of Egypt, and Cush is a country south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/44.md b/dan/11/44.md index 5b277820ee..b4f9b20106 100644 --- a/dan/11/44.md +++ b/dan/11/44.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + This is still about the king of the North. -## he will go out with great rage ## +# he will go out with great rage -AT: "he will be very angry and will go out" or "he will become very angry and will go out with his army" +The abstract noun "rage" can be expressed with the word "angry." It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. AT: "he will be very angry and will go out" or "he will become very angry and will go out with his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the mountain of the beauty of holiness ## +# go out -This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where God's temple was (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). AT: "the beautiful, holy mountain." See how you translated similar phrases in [Daniel 9:15](../09/15.md) and [Daniel 9:20](../09/20.md). \ No newline at end of file +To "go out" represents the action of attacking the enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to set many apart for destruction + +"to destroy many people" + +# the tent of his royal residence + +This refers to the king's luxurious tents that he lived in when he was with his army in time of war. + +# between the seas and the mountain of the beauty of holiness + +This probably refers to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and Temple Mount in Jerusalem. + +# the mountain of the beauty of holiness + +This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where God's temple was. See how you translated somewhat similar phrases in [Daniel 9:16](../09/15.md) and [Daniel 9:20](../09/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/intro.md b/dan/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0bc3d95ae9 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Daniel 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The final prophecy continues in this chapter. The kings of the North and of the South will fight many wars against each other. The king of the South is probably a reference to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/12/01.md b/dan/12/01.md index 35ca6e3412..8eddf53adf 100644 --- a/dan/12/01.md +++ b/dan/12/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -The angel continues telling Daniel what he started telling him in [Daniel 10:20](../10/20.md). +# General Information: -## your people will be saved ## +The angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/04.md) continues speaking. -AT: "God will save your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Michael, the great prince -## whose name is found written in the book ## +Michael is an archangel. Here he is also given the title "great prince." -AT: "whose name God has written in the book" or "whose name is in the book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Michael ... will rise up + +Here "rise up" is an idiom that means to appear. AT: "Michael ... will appear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your people will be saved + +This can be stated in active form. You can also make it clear that God will save the people. AT: "God will save your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# whose name is found written in the book + +This can be stated in active form. You can also make it clear that God writes names in the book. AT: "whose name God has written in the book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those who sleep in the dust of the earth will rise up + +The phrase "sleep in the dust of the earth" is another way of referring to those who have died. Here "rise up" is an idiom that means to come back to life. AT: "those who have died will come back to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/12/03.md b/dan/12/03.md index 4553566a33..170de8f9ff 100644 --- a/dan/12/03.md +++ b/dan/12/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## will shine like the brightness of the sky above ## +# Those who are wise will shine like the brightness of the sky above -AT: "will be bright like the sky is when the sun is shining" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This refers to God's people who will share their wisdom with those around them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## who turn many to righteousness ## +# those who turn many to righteousness -AT: "who teach others to live righteously" +This refers to those who help others understand that they are separated from God, as if they were changing the direction in which they were going. AT: "those who teach others to live righteously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## are like the stars forever and ever ## +# those who turn ... are like the stars forever and ever -AT: "will shine brightly like the stars forever and ever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +These people are compared to the stars that shine. AT: "those who turn ... will shine brightly like the stars forever and ever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## until the time of the end ## +# close up these words; keep the book sealed -AT: "until the time of the end starts" \ No newline at end of file +Here "words" represents the book. AT: "close this book and keep it sealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# time of the end + +"the final days" or "the end of the world." See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/15.md). + +# Many will run here and there, and knowledge will increase + +This seems to happen before "the time of the end" during which time the book is sealed. This can be made explicit. AT: "Before that happens, many people will travel here and there, learning more and more about many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/12/05.md b/dan/12/05.md index b1f9473deb..dd05d25ec9 100644 --- a/dan/12/05.md +++ b/dan/12/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -The angel has finished speaking, and Daniel goes on to tell what he saw next in this vision that began in [Daniel 10:4](../10/04.md). +# General Information: -## "How long will it be to the end of these amazing events?" ## +Daniel goes on to tell what he saw next in this vision that began in [Daniel 10:1](../10/01.md). -AT: "How long will these amazing events happen" or "How long will these amazing events last?" +# there were two others standing -## the man clothed in linen ## +"there were two other angels standing" -This refers to the man who has been speaking to Daniel, not to one of the men that were standing beside the river. \ No newline at end of file +# the man clothed in linen + +This refers to the angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/04.md), not to one of the angels who is standing beside the river. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the man who was wearing linen clothes" or "the angel who was wearing linen clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# upstream along the river + +Possible meanings are 1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or 2) the angel was further upstream along the river. + +# How long will it be to the end of these amazing events? + +"How long will these amazing events last?" This refers to the time from the beginning to the end of the events. + +# these amazing events + +At the time when the angel spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/12/07.md b/dan/12/07.md index 554449970e..0b713f35d1 100644 --- a/dan/12/07.md +++ b/dan/12/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## the man clothed in linen ## +# the man clothed in linen -AT: "the man who was wearing linen clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the man who was wearing linen clothes" or "the angel who was wearing linen clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the one who lives forever ## +# upstream along the river + +Possible meanings are 1) the man clothed in linen was above the river or 2) the man was further upstream along the river. + +# the one who lives forever "God, who lives forever" -## When the shattering of the power of the holy people comes to an end ## +# it would be for a time, times, and half a time -AT: "When those who break the power of the holy people are finished" +It is best to leave it ambiguous as to when this begins. If you must choose a starting point, the three and a half years probably start with the events of [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md). -## all these things will be completed ## +# a time, times, and half a time -AT: "all these things will have happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"three and a half years." These "times" are generally understood to refer to years. One and two and a half equal three and a half. + +# all these things will be completed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all these things will have happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all these things + +At the time when the man clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This refers to the the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may include the events in the vision from chapter 11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/12/08.md b/dan/12/08.md index a57aeada27..627d278579 100644 --- a/dan/12/08.md +++ b/dan/12/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## of all these things ## +# My master -AT: "of all the things I have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Daniel refers to the angel clothed in linen as "My master" to show respect to the angel. -## the words are shut up and sealed ## +# of all these things -AT: "you have closed up and sealed the words you have written" or "you have closed and sealed the book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +At the time when the angel clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11. -## the time of the end ## +# for the words are shut up and sealed -See how you translated this in [Daniel 12:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +The vision that was given to Daniel was not to be explained. The book was sealed and no one could access it. AT: "for you are to close up and seal the words you have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the time of the end + +"the final days" or "the end of the world." See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/12/10.md b/dan/12/10.md index f2b7aa311f..f78027da1b 100644 --- a/dan/12/10.md +++ b/dan/12/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. +# General Information: -## Many will be purified, cleansed, and refined ## +The angel clothed in linen continues speaking to Daniel. -AT: "God will purify, cleanse, and refine many people." These three terms mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +# Many will be purified, cleansed, and refined -## refined ## +Yahweh does the purifying. These three terms mean basically the same thing. AT: "Yahweh will purify, cleanse, and refine many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# refined purified by removing anything that does not belong in them -## the regular burnt offering is ... is set up ## +# but the wicked will act wickedly -AT: “the king of the North takes away the regular burnt offering and sets up the abomination that causes complete desolation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The evil people will do evil or sinful things. -## the abomination that causes complete desolation ## +# None of the wicked will understand -See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:31](../11/31.md). +The evil people can not understand spiritual knowledge. -## 1,290 days ## +# but those who are wise will understand -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"but those who obey Yahweh are wise and will understand" + +# the regular burnt offering is ... is set up + +The king of the north is the one who stops the temple sacrifices. AT: "the king of the North takes away the regular burnt offering and sets up the abomination that causes complete desolation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the abomination that causes complete desolation + +This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:31](../11/31.md). AT: "the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple" or "the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# 1,290 days + +"one thousand two and hundred ninety days" or "twelve hundred and ninety days." Here "days" refers to a period of time. Most commonly rendered as days, but can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/12/12.md b/dan/12/12.md index 42cf5b0a62..e8d629d53e 100644 --- a/dan/12/12.md +++ b/dan/12/12.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. +# General Information: -## Blessed is the one who waits ## +The angel clothed in linen continues speaking to Daniel. + +# Blessed is the one who waits "Blessed is the person who waits" or "Blessed is anyone who waits" -## waits ## +# waits -"endures" or "remains faithful" (UDB) +"endures" or "remains faithful" -## the 1,335 days ## +# the 1,335 days -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days" or "thirteen hundred and thirty-five days." Here "days" is referring to a period of time most commonly rendered as days. However, it can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## you must go ## +# You must go -"Daniel, you must go" +"Daniel, you must go" This refers to Daniel continuing to live and serve the kings until the appointed time of his death. -## you will rest ## +# you will rest This is a gentle way of saying "you will die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## the place assigned to you ## +# You will rise + +This is referring to the first resurrection of the dead when the righteous people will be raised up. + +# the place assigned to you "the place God has assigned to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/12/intro.md b/dan/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a94d105456 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Daniel 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The final prophecy concludes in this chapter. It tells about the future resurrection of the dead and the final judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judgmentday]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Daniel 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/front/intro.md b/dan/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..008b899d38 --- /dev/null +++ b/dan/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +====== Introduction to Daniel====== + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Daniel #### + +1. The time and place of the Book of Daniel; the first trials and tests of the exiles (1:1–21) +1. The dream of Nebuchadnezzar and its interpretation (2:1–49) +1. The golden image, the fiery furnace, and deliverance (3:1–30) +1. Deciphering Nebuchadnezzar's dream; his fall from power (4:1–37) +1. Belshazzar's feast and the writing on the wall; Daniel in the lions' den (5:1–6:28) +1. The vision of the four beasts (7:1–28) +1. The vision of the ram and the goat (8:1–27) +1. Daniel's prayer and Gabriel's answer (9:1–23) +1. The vision of the seventy weeks (9:24–27) +1. Daniel's vision of a man (10:1–11:1) +1. The kings of the South and the North (11:2–20) +1. A contemptible person rises up, until the desolation is completed (11:21–12:4) +1. The time of the end (12:5–13) + +#### What is the Book of Daniel about? #### + +The Book of Daniel is about several Jewish young men, Daniel and his friends, who were taken to Babylon as prisoners from Jerusalem. The first section of the book (Chapters 1–6) is a narrative about Daniel and his friends, and about how they were faithful to Yahweh even though they were living in a pagan land and serving a pagan king. It praises their faithfulness to Yahweh as they were faced with difficulties, and it tells how he rewarded them. + +Following this is a section of prophetic visions (Chapters 7–12). Chapters 7 and 8 deal with images representing the kingdoms and kings of the major nations. Chapters 9–12 are prophecies and visions leading up to the destruction of Jerusalem and the appearance of a type of the great enemy of God, ending with a final vision in Chapter 12 that leads up to the time of the Messiah. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"The Book of Daniel" may also be called "The Book About Daniel" or "The Book About the Deeds and Visions of Daniel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Daniel? #### + +Daniel was a Jewish governmental official in Babylon during the exile. He may have written the book himself or at least the original parts of the book, which were perhaps later put together in the way we have it now. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Why is there a missing week in Daniel's prophecy? #### + +There is much speculation regarding Daniel's "missing week." It is best for translators to allow this mystery to remain in the text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +===When do the seventy weeks begin?=== +An exact date for the beginning of the prophecy of the seventy weeks is unknown. The timeline begins when a decree is issued to rebuild the city of Jerusalem, but there were several decrees that allowed this to happen. + +#### Who was Darius the Mede? #### + +Darius the Mede was a king of Babylon who sent Daniel into the lion's den. Unfortunately, his name is not known in history outside of The Book of Daniel. Many explanations about who Darius was have been suggested, but they are not certain. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How does Daniel use the word "king"? #### + +There are many kings in Daniel, but not all of the kings were rulers of all of Babylon or Persia. Some of the kings may have been kings of regions or cities. + +#### How many chapters does Daniel have? #### + +Daniel has twelve chapters. Some Bible versions include the stories called "Bel and the Dragon" and "The Prayer of Azariah," but few people believe that these stories are equal in authority with the rest of scripture. Therefore, there is no need to translate them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/01.md b/deu/01/01.md index d64348f7e7..e9b1852213 100644 --- a/deu/01/01.md +++ b/deu/01/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Suph...Paran, Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth, and DiZahab ## +# beyond the Jordan -These are all villages in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he spoke to the Israelites. AT: "east of the Jordan" -## eleven days' journey ## +# Suph ... Paran ... Tophel ... Laban ... Hazeroth ... Dizahab -"11 days' journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# It is eleven days' journey from Horeb ... to Kadesh Barnea + +"It takes eleven days to walk from Horeb ... to Kadesh Barnea" + +# Mount Seir + +This is a mountainous area south of the Dead Sea. The area is also called "Edom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# eleven + +"11" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/03.md b/deu/01/03.md index 4bc2bfc272..6bc2862d99 100644 --- a/deu/01/03.md +++ b/deu/01/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## It happened in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spoke ## +# It happened in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spoke -"They had lived in the wilderness 40 years, 11 months, and 1 day, when Moses spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +The ordinal numbers can be translated as cardinal numbers. AT: "They had lived in the wilderness for 40 years, 11 months, and 1 day, when Moses spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Sihon...Og ## +# fortieth + +40th (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month + +This is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# eleventh + +11th (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# Yahweh had attacked + +"Yahweh had enabled the Israelites to defeat" + +# Sihon ... Og These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Heshbon...Ashtaroth at Edrei ## +# Heshbon ... Ashtaroth at Edrei These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/05.md b/deu/01/05.md index ba7a367504..0ad6f23bd3 100644 --- a/deu/01/05.md +++ b/deu/01/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Beyond the Jordan ## +# Beyond the Jordan -"Beyond the Jordan River" +This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 1:1](./01.md). AT: "East of the Jordan River" -## spoke to us ## +# spoke to us The word "us" refers to Moses and the other people of Israel. -## You have lived long enough in this hill country ## +# You have lived long enough in this hill country -This phrase means "You do not need to stay at this mountain any longer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "You do not need to stay near this mountain any longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/07.md b/deu/01/07.md index 57e3cc26cf..3b20ed78cb 100644 --- a/deu/01/07.md +++ b/deu/01/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them. -## take your journey ## +# Turn and take your journey -AT: "set out on a journey" +The word "turn" is an idiom for beginning action. AT: "Start again on your journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## hill country...Euphrates River ## +# hill country ... Euphrates -Yahweh is describing which areas are a part of the land that he has promised to give to the Israelites. +Yahweh is describing places in the land that he has promised to give to the Israelites. -## hill country ## +# hill country -the areas in the hills around the place where the Amorites lived +This is an area in the hills near the place where the Amorites lived. -## lowland ## +# lowland -an area of low hills between the high hill country and the planes near the coast \ No newline at end of file +an area of land that is low and flat + +# Look + +"Pay attention to what I am about to say" + +# I have set the land before you + +"I am now giving this land to you" + +# that Yahweh swore + +Yahweh is speaking as if he were another person. AT: "that I, Yahweh, swore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# fathers + +The word "fathers" is a synecdoche for all ancestors. AT: "ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/09.md b/deu/01/09.md index 5c2c59f6a9..2652df9dfa 100644 --- a/deu/01/09.md +++ b/deu/01/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## I spoke to you at that time ## +# General Information: -Here "I" refers to Moses. The phrase "at that time" refers to when the Israelites were at Horeb, which is the same as Mount Sinai. AT: "Also, when we were at Horeb, I spoke to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them. -## I am not able to carry you myself alone ## +# I spoke to you at that time -AT: "I cannot take care of all of you by myself" +Here "I" refers to Moses. The phrase "at that time" refers to when the Israelites were at Horeb, which is the same as Mount Sinai. AT: "When we were at Horeb, I spoke to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## as the stars of heaven for multitude ## +# I am not able to carry you myself alone -This is an exaggeration to show that God has been faithful to his promise by making it so that there are lots of Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here "to carry you" means "to lead you" or "to govern you." AT: "It is too much for me to lead you by myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## thousand ## +# as the multitude of the stars of heaven -"1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an exaggeration that means God has greatly increased the number of Israelites. AT: "a great crowd of many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a thousand times + +The phrase "a thousand" is a metaphor for "very many." AT: "very many times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a thousand + +1000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/12.md b/deu/01/12.md index c464c1f85e..46c1d93836 100644 --- a/deu/01/12.md +++ b/deu/01/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## But how can I myself alone carry your loads, your burdens, and your disputes? ## +# But how can I myself alone carry your loads, your burdens, and your disputes? -Moses uses a question to emphasize that he cannot solve every person's problems by himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses uses a question to emphasize that he cannot solve all of their problems by himself. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I cannot carry your loads, your burdens, and your disputes by myself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## your loads, your burdens ## +# carry your loads, your burdens -This means the people's problems and complaints are like a heavy load that Moses cannot carry alone. He needs others to help him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Moses speaks as if the people's problems and complaints that he needed to take care of were heavy physical objects that he had been carrying. AT: "take care of your problems, your complaints" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your disputes ## +# your disputes "your arguments" or "your disagreements" -## and men of good repute, tribe by tribe ## +# men of good repute from each tribe -AT: "and men that the people from each of your tribes know and respect" \ No newline at end of file +"men from each tribe whom the people of Israel respect" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/15.md b/deu/01/15.md index e68fdb67c1..96080fd80d 100644 --- a/deu/01/15.md +++ b/deu/01/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## and men of good repute ## +# General Information: -AT: "and men that the people respect" +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## of thousands...of hundreds...of fifties...of tens ## +# men of good repute -AT: "of groups of 1,000...of groups of 100...of groups of 50...and groups of 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"men whom your people respected." See how this is translated in [Deuteronomy 1:13](./12.md). -## captains...officers ## +# of thousands ... of hundreds ... of fifties ... of tens -These are titles for different positions in Israel's government. The officer had less authority than the captains. +"of groups of 1,000 ... of groups of 100 ... of groups of 50 ... and groups of 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## tribe by tribe ## +# captains ... officers -AT: "from each of your tribes" +These are titles for different leaders in Israel's government. -## judge righteously between a man and his brother ## +# tribe by tribe -AT: "make right and fair decisions for each man and his fellow Israelite" \ No newline at end of file +"from each of your tribes" + +# judge righteously between a man and his brother + +"make right and fair decisions about the disputes Israelites have with each other" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/17.md b/deu/01/17.md index 6c062c65c9..eed4e2093f 100644 --- a/deu/01/17.md +++ b/deu/01/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the judges. +# General Information: -## small and the great alike ## +Moses continues speaking to the judges, so the commands are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -These are the rich and poor, the important and the common people. All are to be treated fairly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +# You will not show partiality -## you must not be afraid of the face of man ## +"Do not show partiality" -AT: "you must not be afraid of anyone" +# you will hear the small and the great alike -## at that time ## +These two extremes "small" and "great" represent all people. AT: "you will treat all people alike" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -AT: "when we were at Horeb" or "when we were at Mount Sinai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# You will not be afraid of the face of man + +The word "face" is a metonym for the whole person. "You will not" is a command. "Do not be afraid of anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# at that time + +This means the time when they were at Horeb, at Mount Sinai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/19.md b/deu/01/19.md index 917720c73a..04ccc27685 100644 --- a/deu/01/19.md +++ b/deu/01/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## terrible wilderness that you saw ## +# terrible wilderness that you saw -Keep in mind that the children that were too young to fight are now part of the older generation that saw everything from Egypt and beyond. \ No newline at end of file +"large and dangerous desert that you crossed through" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/20.md b/deu/01/20.md index a9f03f7e23..2fe7eca8d7 100644 --- a/deu/01/20.md +++ b/deu/01/20.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. + +# Look ... your God ... before you; go up, take possession ... your fathers ... to you; do not be afraid, neither be discouraged + +Moses is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to one man, so these forms should be singular, not plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]). + +# has set the land before you + +"is now giving this land to you." See how this is translated in [Deuteronomy 1:8](./07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/22.md b/deu/01/22.md index ddc71ac388..45310597ba 100644 --- a/deu/01/22.md +++ b/deu/01/22.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## Valley of Eshcol ## +# twelve men -This is a valley in the Hebron region which is south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"12 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# They turned and went + +Turning is an idiom for beginning to obey a command. AT: "They left that place and went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Valley of Eshkol + +This is a valley in the Hebron region, which is south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# scouted it + +"looked for places they could attack" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/25.md b/deu/01/25.md index 9928f1b0d7..bebc693a42 100644 --- a/deu/01/25.md +++ b/deu/01/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## They took some ## +# They took -"The 12 men took some" +"The 12 men took" -## brought us word ## +# took some of the produce of the land in their hands -AT: "gave us an oral report" \ No newline at end of file +"picked some of the produce of the land" + +# brought us word and said + +The speaker speaks as if a "word" were a physical object that someone could bring. AT: "told us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# said, 'It is a good land that Yahweh our God is giving to us.' + +The direct quotation can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "said that the land that Yahweh our God was giving to us was good" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/26.md b/deu/01/26.md index 5a17a8d78c..b4e2c87d2f 100644 --- a/deu/01/26.md +++ b/deu/01/26.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## Yet you refused to attack ## +# Yet you refused to attack -Israel was to attack and destroy the Amorites, but Israel rebelled and refused to fight them out of fear. +God commanded the Israelites to attack and destroy the Amorites, but the Israelites were afraid and refused to fight them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Where can we go now? ## +# into the hand of the Amorites -The people use a question to emphasize their despair. AT: "We have nowhere to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "into the hand" means to give the Amorites power over them. AT: "into the power of the Amorites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## made our hearts to melt ## +# Where can we go now? -AT: "made us very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here this question emphasizes how afraid they were. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We have nowhere to go." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## and are fortified up to the heavens ## +# made our heart to melt -This is an exaggeration that emphasizes how frightened the people were because the cities were so large and strong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This means that they became afraid. AT: "made us very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## sons of the Anakim ## +# are fortified up to the heavens + +This is an exaggeration that emphasizes how frightened the people were because the cities were so large and strong. AT: "have walls so high it is like they reach up to the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# sons of the Anakim These are descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/29.md b/deu/01/29.md index 51d78c3aa4..199915ebc6 100644 --- a/deu/01/29.md +++ b/deu/01/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## before your eyes ## +# I said to you -AT: "which you yourselves saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"I said to your ancestors" -## Yahweh your God carried you, as a man carries his son ## +# before your eyes -AT: "Yahweh your God took care of you, like a father takes care of his son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they saw. AT: "which you yourselves saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## until you came to this place ## +# you have seen ... Yahweh your God carried you ... you went ... you came -AT: "until you came to this land that God promised to give you" \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Yahweh your God carried you, as a man carries his son + +Here Yahweh's care for his people is compared to that of a father. AT: "Yahweh your God has taken care of you, like a father takes care of his son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# until you came to this place + +"until you came to this land that God promised to give you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/32.md b/deu/01/32.md index f22f114bcc..2ce0b72c40 100644 --- a/deu/01/32.md +++ b/deu/01/32.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## Yahweh!—who went before you... ## +# Yahweh your God ... who went before you -Moses reminds them of all the ways Yahweh had gone ahead of Israel in all their travels and that they should have continued to trust him in battle. \ No newline at end of file +Moses reminds them of all the ways Yahweh had gone ahead of Israel during all their travels in the past. + +# make camp + +"put up your tents" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/34.md b/deu/01/34.md index 4b87cb53a6..b5311f7939 100644 --- a/deu/01/34.md +++ b/deu/01/34.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## heard the voice of your words ## +# General Information: -AT: "heard what you said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them. -## he swore and said ## +# heard the sound of your words -God made a vow not to allow those who rebelled against him to enter the land He promised to give them. +"heard what you were saying" -## will see ## +# he swore and said + +God made a vow not to allow those who rebelled against him to enter the land he promised to give them. + +# will see "will enter" -## save Caleb ## +# save Caleb "except Caleb" -## Jephunneh ## +# Jephunneh This is the name of Caleb's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## he has wholly followed Yahweh ## +# he has wholly followed Yahweh -AT: "he has completely obeyed me" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks as if he were someone else. AT: "he has completely obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/37.md b/deu/01/37.md index 179a33b309..0114f25e55 100644 --- a/deu/01/37.md +++ b/deu/01/37.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## Yahweh was angry with me for your sakes ## +# Yahweh was angry with me because of you -This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. +This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Nun ## +# Nun -This is the name of Joshua's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of Joshua's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# who stands before you + +Why Joshua stands before Moses can be stated clearly. AT: "who stands before you as your servant" or "who helps you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/39.md b/deu/01/39.md index 53f43da85b..88f38ed5f3 100644 --- a/deu/01/39.md +++ b/deu/01/39.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## no knowledge of good or evil ## +# no knowledge of good or evil -This means the children were young and innocent. God would not punish them along with the adults who did not trust him. \ No newline at end of file +They do not yet know what is good and what is evil. + +# turn and take your journey + +"turn around and go back on the road you have come on" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/41.md b/deu/01/41.md index 82a3c1233f..6a5241215c 100644 --- a/deu/01/41.md +++ b/deu/01/41.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## we will follow ## +# sinned against Yahweh + +"we have rebelled against Yahweh by disobeying him" + +# we will follow "we will obey" -## to attack the hill country ## +# to attack the hill country -AT: "to attack the people who live in the hill country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the metonym "hill country" represents the people that live there. AT: "to attack the people who live in the hill country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for I will not be with you'—so that you not be defeated by your enemies ## +# for I will not be with you, and you will be defeated by your enemies -This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "Your enemies will defeat you because I will not be with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your enemies will defeat you because I will not be with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/43.md b/deu/01/43.md index ad33bf90b4..306c15c7a6 100644 --- a/deu/01/43.md +++ b/deu/01/43.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## attacked the hill country ## +# General Information: -AT: "attacked the people who live in the hill country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## chased you like bees ## +# attacked the hill country -A "bee" is a small, flying insect that stings and lives in hives with many other bees. This means that very many Amorites fiercely attacked the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The metonym "hill country" stands for the people who live there. AT: "attacked the people who live in the hill country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Hormah ## +# chased you like bees -This is a city in Seir. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +A "bee" is a small, flying insect that flies in large groups and stings people who threaten them. This means that so many Amorites attacked the Israelite soldiers that they had to leave the battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Seir + +This is the name of a piece of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hormah + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# struck you down + +"killed many of your soldiers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/45.md b/deu/01/45.md index a9f03f7e23..d2cb8aba16 100644 --- a/deu/01/45.md +++ b/deu/01/45.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. + +# returned + +"returned to Kadesh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/01/intro.md b/deu/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..65c0b91823 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Deuteronomy 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter forms a continuation with the last chapter of the book of Numbers. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's victory ##### +The chapter explains that Israel's conquering of the Promised Land will be done by Yahweh. They are not to fear the people of Canaan but be obedient to Yahweh. Yahweh is bringing about his judgement upon the people of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +##### Possessing the land ##### +While the Promised Land belongs to Israel, they do not possess the land. Possessing the land is an important theme. Posessing the land depended on Israel's faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Deuteronomy intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/01.md b/deu/02/01.md index 5879ab3e3a..53ec1e4956 100644 --- a/deu/02/01.md +++ b/deu/02/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. -## Then we turned ## +# Then we turned and took our journey -This happens about 40 years after the events in Deuteronomy 1. +"Then we turned around and went" -## we went around Mount Seir for many days ## +# we went around Mount Seir for many days -Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites journeyed around the mountain called Seir for a very long time or 2) Mount Seir refers to a section or region of land that the Israelites wandered in for a very long time. +Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites traveled around the mountain called Seir for a very long time or 2) the Israelites wandered in a region called Mount Seir for a very long time. -## Mount Seir ## +# Mount Seir -This is an area south of the Dead Sea. \ No newline at end of file +This is a mountainous area south of the Dead Sea. The area is also called "Edom." See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:2](../01/01.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# many days + +Some languages translate this as "many nights." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/04.md b/deu/02/04.md index 2a132359ea..b04cd20ef6 100644 --- a/deu/02/04.md +++ b/deu/02/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## of your brothers, the descendants of Esau ## +# of your brothers, the descendants of Esau -Jacob, the ancestor of the Israelites, was Esau's brother. AT: "of your relatives, the descendants of Esau" +"of your relatives, the descendants of Esau" -## I have given Mount Seir to Esau as a possession ## +# I have given Mount Seir to Esau as a possession -God is making it known to Israel their family ties and God's promises to Israel's brothers. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is reminding the Israelites that he has given this territory to the descendants of Esau. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/06.md b/deu/02/06.md index 6977b5e5e9..9670684b17 100644 --- a/deu/02/06.md +++ b/deu/02/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues to instruct Israel in how they are to treat the descendants of Esau. -## from them for money ## +# You will purchase food from them -"from Esau's descendants for money" +Yahweh is giving them permission or instruction, not a command, and he is telling them not to steal. "I permit you to purchase food from them" or "If you need food, you are to purchase it from them" -## you in all the work of your hand ## +# from them -AT: "all of your work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"from Esau's descendants" -## forty years ## +# for money + +If these words are not needed or make the translation unclear, you may omit them. + +# your God has blessed you ... your hand ... your walking ... your God ... with you, and you have lacked + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you in all the work of your hand + +The "work of your hand" refers to all the work they had done. AT: "all of your work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he has known your walking + +Here what happened to the people while they were walking is spoken of as their "walking." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# forty years "40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## you have lacked nothing ## +# you have lacked nothing -Yahweh uses a negative statement to emphasize that the people of Israel had all they needed during their time in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a litotes for "you have had everything you needed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/08.md b/deu/02/08.md index f19296b649..5d2a857827 100644 --- a/deu/02/08.md +++ b/deu/02/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## by our brothers ## +# General Information: + +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. + +# by our brothers "by our relatives" -## Elath...Ezion Geber ## +# Elath ... Ezion Geber -These are the names of cities near the northern part of the Dead Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# we turned + +This is an idiom. AT: "we kept going" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/09.md b/deu/02/09.md index af2ad8ec3d..653b75360d 100644 --- a/deu/02/09.md +++ b/deu/02/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -God continues to remind Israel of their relatives. +# General Information: -## Ar ## +This is the end of a part of Moses' speech reminding the Israelites of how Yahweh guided them in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Do not trouble Moab + +The word "Moab" represents the people of Moab. AT: "Do not trouble the people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Ar This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the descendants of Lot ## +# the descendants of Lot The people of Israel were related to the descendants of Moab. Moab was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/10.md b/deu/02/10.md index 5be83444fe..ad0601e38b 100644 --- a/deu/02/10.md +++ b/deu/02/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## The Emim lived...call them the Emim ## +# General Information: -Here 2:10-11 gives background information about the Emim people who had lived in the land before the Moabites. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +The writer begins to give background information about the people of the land. These words are not part of Moses' speech to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Emim...Rephaim ## +# The Emites lived ... call them the Emim -These are the names of people groups that were considered giants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These words give background information about the Emite people, who had lived in the land before the Moabites. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Anakim ## +# Emites ... Rephaim -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:26](../01/26.md). \ No newline at end of file +These are names of people groups that were considered giants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anakim + +These are descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/26.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/12.md b/deu/02/12.md index e6328a0e66..1fd4f8eefa 100644 --- a/deu/02/12.md +++ b/deu/02/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -11]]). +# General Information: -## The Horites ## +This continues the background information about the different people groups that had lived in the land. (See: [Deuteronomy 2:10-11](./12.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]). -This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Horites + +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# destroyed them from before them + +"killed all of them so none of them were left living with them" or "removed them from their presence by killing all of them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/13.md b/deu/02/13.md index e71451fa30..112d864381 100644 --- a/deu/02/13.md +++ b/deu/02/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Now rise up ## +# General Information: -Yahweh is telling Moses what the people should do. +Moses continues reminding the Israelites of what had happened to them in the wilderness. -## the brook Zered ## +# 'Now rise up ... Zered.' So -This flows out of the Dead Sea and creates the border between Edom and Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"'Then Yahweh said, "Now rise up ... Zered.' So." This can be translated as an indirect quote. AT: "Then Yahweh told us to rise up ... Zered. So" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## Now the days ## +# rise up -The word "now" marks a change from the story to background information about how long the people of Israel traveled and about God's anger towards that generation. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +begin to do something (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## thirty-eight years ## +# the brook Zered -eight years** - "38 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This stream flows into the Dead Sea from the southeast and creates the border between Edom and Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## were gone from the people ## +# Now the days -AT: "had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The word "now" marks a change from the story to background information about how long the people of Israel traveled and about God's anger towards that generation. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## the hand of Yahweh was against ## +# thirty-eight years -AT: "Yahweh used his power against" or "Yahweh punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"38 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# were gone from the people + +This is a polite way of saying "had died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the hand of Yahweh was against + +Here "the hand of Yahweh" refers to Yahweh's power. AT: "Yahweh used his power against" or "Yahweh punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/16.md b/deu/02/16.md index 4d4f157a32..86f56dfea2 100644 --- a/deu/02/16.md +++ b/deu/02/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past. -## pass over Ar ## +# You are ... you come ... do not trouble ... give you -See you translated "Ar" in [Deuteronomy 2:9](./09.md). +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and the command "do not trouble" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## to the descendants of Lot ## +# pass over Ar + +This is the name of a city in Moab. See how you translated "Ar" in [Deuteronomy 2:9](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to the descendants of Lot The people of Israel were related to the descendants of Ammon. Ammon was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/20.md b/deu/02/20.md index a4fae2cbe6..09313ce4dd 100644 --- a/deu/02/20.md +++ b/deu/02/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## That also is considered...even until today ## +# General Information: -Here 2:20-22 gives background information about the people groups who lived in the land. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +These verses begin to give background information about the people groups who lived in the land. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## That also is considered ## +# That also is considered -AT: "People consider that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People also consider that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Rephaim ## +# Rephaim -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:10](./10.md). +This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:11](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Zamzummim ## +# Zamzummim This is another name for the Rephaim people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Anakim ## +# Anakim -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:26](../01/26.md). +This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Horites ## +# destroyed them before the Ammonites -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:12](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file +"allowed the Ammonites to defeat them" or "allowed the Ammonites to kill them all" + +# they succeeded them and lived in their place + +"the Ammonites took over everything the Rephaim had owned and have lived where the Rephaim had lived" + +# Horites + +This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:12](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# succeeded them and have lived in their place + +"took over everything the Horites had owned and have lived where the Horites had lived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/23.md b/deu/02/23.md index 7c7114214f..fbdb204dac 100644 --- a/deu/02/23.md +++ b/deu/02/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -God continues to describe His active support of Esau conquering the land Esau is now inhabiting. +# General Information: -## Avvim...Caphtorim ## +The writer finishes describing how God enabled Esau to conquer the land Esau is now inhabiting. -These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Avvites ... Caphtorim -## Caphtor ## +These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This is the name of a land. It may be another name for the island of Crete located in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Caphtor -## destroyed them ## +This is the name of a place. It may be another name for the island of Crete located in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -"destroyed the Avvim" \ No newline at end of file +# destroyed them + +"destroyed the Avvim" + +# settled in their place + +"lived where the Avvim had lived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/24.md b/deu/02/24.md index 0590942335..d8437c4924 100644 --- a/deu/02/24.md +++ b/deu/02/24.md @@ -1,27 +1,47 @@ -## Now rise up ## +# General Information: -Yahweh is telling Moses what the people should do. +The writer has finished giving background information and is now again telling what Moses said to the Israelites. -## valley of the Arnon ## +# Now rise up -This is the name of the valley of the Arnon river. It creates the border between Moab and the Amorites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Yahweh is telling Moses what the people should do. "Now get up" or "Now go." -## I have given into your hand ## +# go on your journey -AT: "I have given you the power to defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"continue your journey" -## Sihon...Amorite...Heshbon ## +# Valley of the Arnon -See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 1:3](../01/03.md). +This is the name of the valley of the Arnon River. It creates the border between Moab and the Amorites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## fight with him ## +# I have given into your hand -AT: "fight against him and his army" +The metonym "into your hand" means "into your control or power." AT: "I have given you the power to defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## put the fear and terror ## +# your hand ... Begin to possess it ... fight ... terror of you ... news about you ... because of you -The words "fear" and "terror" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "put a terrible fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" and the commands "begin to possess" and "fight" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## peoples that are under the whole sky ## +# Sihon -AT: "peoples in every land" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a king. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Heshbon + +This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# fight with him + +"fight against him and his army" + +# put the fear and terror + +The words "fear" and "terror" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the fear is intense. AT: "put a terrible fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# peoples that are under the whole sky + +This is an idiom. AT: "peoples in every land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# tremble and be in anguish + +This is hendiadys and emphasizes that the people will "tremble in anguish." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/26.md b/deu/02/26.md index a2e34486c2..4e15852886 100644 --- a/deu/02/26.md +++ b/deu/02/26.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## I sent ## +# General Information: + +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. + +# I sent Here "I" refers to Moses. -## wilderness of Kedemoth ## +# wilderness of Kedemoth -This is the name of an area near the valley of Arnon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a place near the valley of Arnon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Sihon...Hesbon ## +# Sihon ... Heshbon -See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 1:3](../01/03.md). +These are the names of a man and a place. See how you translated them in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## with words of peace ## +# with words of peace -AT: "with a message that asked for peace" +"with my offer of peace" or "with a message from me asking for peace" -## I will turn neither to the right hand nor to the left ## +# I will turn neither to the right hand nor to the left -AT: "I will not change direction" or "I will always stay on the path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase emphasizes that they will always go in the same direction. It can be stated in positive form. "I will not change direction" or "I will always stay on the path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/28.md b/deu/02/28.md index 112b730da0..ea4ffec338 100644 --- a/deu/02/28.md +++ b/deu/02/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + This continues Moses' message to King Sihon. -## I may eat...I may drink ## +# You will sell me food for money, so that I may eat; give me water for money, so that I may drink -Moses is buying food and water so all the people of Israel can eat and drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Moses tells Sihon that the Israelites will not steal from the Amorites and requests that Sihon and his people sell food and water to the Israelites; he is not giving a command. AT: "I expect to have to pay for food so I can eat and to pay for water so I can drink" -## only let me pass through on my feet ## +# sell me ... I may eat ... give me ... I may drink -AT: "only let us walk through your land" +Moses is referring to the people of Israel as if they were Moses himself. AT: "sell to me and my people ... we may eat ... give us ... we may drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## who live in Ar ## +# only let me pass through on my feet -See how you translated "Ar" in [Deuteronomy 2:9](./09.md). \ No newline at end of file +"only let us walk through your land" + +# Ar + +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:9](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/30.md b/deu/02/30.md index 31923fa3a0..71bbe32cae 100644 --- a/deu/02/30.md +++ b/deu/02/30.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues to remind the people of what happened in the past. -## hardened his mind and made his heart obstinate ## +# Sihon ... Heshbon -Both of these phrases mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize that the God caused the king to be very stubborn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These are the names of a man and a place. See how you translated them in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## to deliver up Sihon and his land before you ## +# your God ... your might -AT: "to give Sihon and his land over to you" \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# hardened his mind and made his heart obstinate + +Both of these phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh "caused him to become very stubborn." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# to deliver up Sihon and his land before you + +"to give Sihon and his land over to you" + +# begin to possess it, in order that you may inherit his land + +"take possession of his land, so that you may inherit it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/32.md b/deu/02/32.md index 8c04c6e2ce..8df97b97ee 100644 --- a/deu/02/32.md +++ b/deu/02/32.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -## Sihon ## +# Sihon -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:3](../01/03.md). +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jahaz ## +# Jahaz -This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city in Moab (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/34.md b/deu/02/34.md index 83d73d56f8..b7fd29dde5 100644 --- a/deu/02/34.md +++ b/deu/02/34.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people about what happened in the past. -## We took all his cities ## +# We took all his cities -"We took all of king Sihon's cities" \ No newline at end of file +"We captured all of King Sihon's cities" + +# completely destroyed every city + +"killed all the people who lived in every city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/36.md b/deu/02/36.md index 57fa9b431b..44f5ae7bbf 100644 --- a/deu/02/36.md +++ b/deu/02/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Aroer ## +# Aroer -This is the name of a city on the north bank of the Arnon river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a city on the north bank of the Arnon River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## valley of the Arnon ## +# Valley of the Arnon -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](./24.md). +"Arnon" is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](./24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## there was not a city too high for us ## +# there was not a city too high for us -AT: "we were able to defeat every city no matter how strong it was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This negative statement is used to emphasize their success in battle. This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "we were able to defeat the people of every city even if the city had high walls around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## Jabbok River ## +# you did not go + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Jabbok River This is the name of a river that created the border between Sihon's land and the land of the Ammonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/intro.md b/deu/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..597ec99647 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Deuteronomy 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Covenant faithfulness ##### +Yahweh is faithful to the covenant he made with Abraham. He is also faithful to the promises he made with Esau and Lot. Because of this, Israel was given specific land it was able to conquer in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/01.md b/deu/03/01.md index afa550d1ff..bffe5ef31d 100644 --- a/deu/03/01.md +++ b/deu/03/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past. -## Bashan...Og...Edrei...Sihon...Amorites...Heshbon ## +# Og ... Sihon -See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 1:3](../01/03.md). +These are names of kings. See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## You will do to him ## +# Edrei ... Heshbon -AT: "You will destroy all the people" \ No newline at end of file +These are names of cities. See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Yahweh said to me, 'Do not fear him; ... given you ... under your control ... You will do ... as you did ... at Heshbon.' + +Yahweh is speaking to Moses as if Moses were the Israelites, so the command "do not fear" and all instances of "you" and "your" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# fear him ... over him ... his people and his land + +Here the words "him" and "his" refer to Og. + +# I have given you victory + +Yahweh speaks of what he will do as if he had already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# You will do to him as you did to Sihon + +The word "him" is a metonym for "his people." AT: "You will destroy Og and his people as you did Sihon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/03.md b/deu/03/03.md index c5a3bdba12..cede647f0d 100644 --- a/deu/03/03.md +++ b/deu/03/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## and all his people were put under our control ## +# all his people were put under our control -AT: "and Yahweh put all of Og's people under our control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh put all of Og's people under our control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## sixty cities ## +# not one of his people remained + +This is a litotes that is used to emphasize that the Israelites did not let anyone live. AT: "all of his people were dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# There was not one of the sixty cities that we did not take + +This is a double negative that emphasizes that they took all of the 60 cities. AT: "We took every one of the sixty cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# sixty cities "60 cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the region of Argob ## +# the region of Argob This is the name of a region within Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/05.md b/deu/03/05.md index 6ec5706d9c..f8c621475f 100644 --- a/deu/03/05.md +++ b/deu/03/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past. -## These were all cities fortified ## +# These were all cities fortified with -"These were all strong cities" \ No newline at end of file +"These were all cities protected by" + +# besides + +"in addition to" or "not including" + +# Sihon + +This is the name of a king. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Heshbon + +This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# completely destroying every city + +"killing all the people who lived in every city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/08.md b/deu/03/08.md index 4f68888324..384a0c8014 100644 --- a/deu/03/08.md +++ b/deu/03/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## out of the hand of the two kings ## +# General Information: -AT: "from the control of the two kings" or "from the two kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## Amorites...Bashan...Edrei...Og ## +# out of the hand of the two kings -See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 1:3](../01/03.md). +Here the metonym "out of the hand of" means "from the control of." AT: "from the control of the two kings" or "from the two kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## that were beyond the Jordan ## +# Amorites ... Bashan ... Edrei ... Og -This means the east side of the Jordan River. +"Amorite people ... land of Bashan ... town of Edrei ... King Og" See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). -## the valley of the Arnon ## +# beyond the Jordan -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). +This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "east of the Jordan River" -## Mount Hermon...Sirion...Senir ## +# the Valley of the Arnon + +See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). + +# Mount Hermon ... Sirion ... Senir These are all names of the same mountain which is at the northern border of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## of the plain ## +# of the plain -This is the high, flat land between the Arnon River and Mount Gilead. +This is high, flat land between the Arnon River and Mount Gilead. -## Salecah ## +# Salekah This is the name of a city near Edrei. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/11.md b/deu/03/11.md index e485fa354b..67cf638dcb 100644 --- a/deu/03/11.md +++ b/deu/03/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## For of the remnant...the way people measure ## +# General Information: + +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. + +# For of the remnant ... the way people measure This is background information about King Og. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Rephaim ## +# Rephaim -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:10](../02/10.md). +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:11](../02/10.md). -## was it not in Rabbah, where the descendants of Ammon live? ## +# Look! -The speaker use a question to remind the people of Israel that they could go to Rabbah and see how large Og must have been. AT: "it was in Rabbah, where the descendants of Ammon live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you." -## cubit ## +# Was it not in Rabbah, ... live? -A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer uses a question to remind the people of Israel that they could go to Rabbah and see how large Og must have been. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Possible meanings are 1) "It was in Rabbah, ... live." or 2) "It is in Rabbah ... live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# the way people measure + +"according to the cubit most people use" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/12.md b/deu/03/12.md index fd65a70108..a9354b5b80 100644 --- a/deu/03/12.md +++ b/deu/03/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Moses continues reminding the people what happened in the past. +# General Information: -## Aroer ## +Moses continues reminding the people of what happened in the past. -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:36](../02/36.md). +# Aroer -## the valley of the Arnon ## +See how you translated the name of this town in [Deuteronomy 2:36](../02/36.md). -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). +# the Valley of the Arnon -## the region of Argob ## +See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:3](./03.md). +# the region of Argob -## The entire region of Bashan is called the land of the Repha giants ## +See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 3:4](./03.md). -Background information is presented about the land that the people of Israel captured. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +# The same territory is called the land of Rephaim -## Rephaim ## +The writer begins to present background information about the land that the people of Israel captured. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:10](../02/10.md). \ No newline at end of file +# Rephaim + +See how you translated the name of this land in [Deuteronomy 2:11](../02/10.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/14.md b/deu/03/14.md index 4958dcb43b..0e14777c05 100644 --- a/deu/03/14.md +++ b/deu/03/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -This continues the background information about the land the people of Israel captured. (See: [Deuteronomy 3:12](./12.md)) +# General Information: -## Jair ## +This continues the background information about the land the people of Israel captured. (See: [Deuteronomy 3:13](./12.md)) + +# Jair This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the Geshurites and the Maacathites ## +# the Geshurites and the Maakathites These are people groups who lived west of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Havvoth Jair ## +# Havvoth Jair Translators may make a footnote that says: "The name 'Havvoth Jair' means 'tent villages of Jair' or 'realm of Jair.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/15.md b/deu/03/15.md index f66166326f..b2a3699b51 100644 --- a/deu/03/15.md +++ b/deu/03/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## I gave ## +# General Information: + +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. + +# I gave Here "I" refers to Moses. -## to Machir ## +# to Machir -This is the son of Manasseh. He had died before Moses gave this land. AT: "to the descendants of Machir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Machir was the son of Manasseh. He had died before Moses gave this land. The name is a metonym for the descendants of the person. AT: "to the descendants of Machir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the valley of the Arnon ## +# the Valley of the Arnon -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). +This is the name of the valley of the Arnon River. It creates the border between Moab and the Amorites. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jabbok River ## +# Jabbok River -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:36](../02/36.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a river that created the border between Sihon's land and the land of the Ammonites. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:37](../02/36.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/17.md b/deu/03/17.md index 9b8f56136f..f6d68f36d2 100644 --- a/deu/03/17.md +++ b/deu/03/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Another of its borders is also ## +# General Information: -AT: "The western border of the Reubenite and Gadite territory is" +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## Chinnereth ## +# Another of its borders is also -AT: "the sea of Chinnereth" or "the Sea of Galilee" or "the Lake of Gennesaret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"The western border of the Reubenite and Gadite territory is" -## Mount Pisgah ## +# Kinnereth -This is the name of a mountain near Heshbon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the Sea of Kinnereth." This is the same place as "the Sea of Galilee" or "the Lake of Gennesaret." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mount Pisgah + +This is the name of a mountain in the northern part of the Abarim mountain range. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/18.md b/deu/03/18.md index fc5249e61b..10b82df21a 100644 --- a/deu/03/18.md +++ b/deu/03/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## I commanded you at that time ## +# General Information: -Moses is speaking to the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and half of the tribe of Manasseh who just received their land. He is telling them that they must go help the other Israelites conquer the rest of the land God promised them. +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## your brothers, the people of Israel ## +# I commanded you at that time -AT: "your fellow Israelites" \ No newline at end of file +Moses reminds the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh that they must help the other Israelites conquer the rest of the land God promised them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will pass over armed before + +"will take your weapons and cross the Jordan River ahead of" + +# your brothers, the people of Israel + +"your fellow Israelites" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/19.md b/deu/03/19.md index 42a8f42380..80046bbd1c 100644 --- a/deu/03/19.md +++ b/deu/03/19.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the tribes of Reuben and Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Moses continues speaking to the tribes of Reuben and Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh. + +# Yahweh gives rest to your brothers + +The writer speaks as if the ability to rest were a physical object that could be given as a gift. The word "rest" is also a metaphor for peaceful life in which there is no war. AT: "Yahweh allows your brothers to rest" or "Yahweh allows your brothers to stop fighting wars and live peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# beyond the Jordan + +This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "east of the Jordan River" + +# then will you return + +Moses is emphasizing that the other tribes must possess their land before Yahweh will permit these three tribes to possess their land. "only then are you to return." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/21.md b/deu/03/21.md index 030f8d06e6..91603679d4 100644 --- a/deu/03/21.md +++ b/deu/03/21.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -## Your eyes have seen ## +# Your eyes have seen -AT: "You have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "eyes" refers to Joshua. AT: "You have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/23.md b/deu/03/23.md index 9ff028428c..254151799e 100644 --- a/deu/03/23.md +++ b/deu/03/23.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people about what happened in the past. -## I implored ## +# I implored -This means Moses asked God in a very earnest and emotional way. +Here "I" refers to Moses. This means he asked God in a very earnest, emotional way. -## to show your servant ## +# to show your servant -Moses refers to himself as "your servant." This is a polite way of speaking to someone with greater authority. AT: "to show me, your servant" +Here "your servant" is a polite way of speaking to someone with greater authority. AT: "to show me, your servant," -## your strong hand ## +# your strong hand -AT: "your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the metonym "hand" means control or power. AT: "your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for what god is there ## +# for what god is there ... acts? -Moses uses a question to emphasize that only Yahweh is the only God who can do the power works he has done. AT: "There is no god" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh is the only God with the power to do the works he has done. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "for there is no god ... acts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## in heaven or in earth ## +# in heaven or in earth -AT: "anywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two extremes together mean "anywhere." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# beyond the Jordan + +"west of the Jordan River." When Moses spoke these words to Yahweh, he was east of the Jordan River in Moab. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/26.md b/deu/03/26.md index 9d440ec7d4..13feea0c9b 100644 --- a/deu/03/26.md +++ b/deu/03/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues telling the people of Israel what happened in the past. -## Yahweh was angry with me because of you ## +# Yahweh was angry with me because of you -This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. +This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:37](../01/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Pisgah ## +# Pisgah -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:17](./17.md). +See how you translated this is in [Deuteronomy 3:17](./17.md). -## lift up your eyes ## +# lift up your eyes -AT: "look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "lift up your eyes" are an idiom that means look. AT: "look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/28.md b/deu/03/28.md index 0ca186b4f5..dbe9434ee1 100644 --- a/deu/03/28.md +++ b/deu/03/28.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## Beth Peor ## +# Beth Peor This is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/03/intro.md b/deu/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8facc3930d --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Deuteronomy 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Victories ##### +The victories recorded in this chapter occurred on the east side of the Jordan River. This was not part of the Promised Land, which was on the west side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/01.md b/deu/04/01.md index 3f01f86278..910877a376 100644 --- a/deu/04/01.md +++ b/deu/04/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## I am about to teach you ## +# I am about to teach you Moses is telling the people of Israel what God wants them to do. -## to do them ## +# to do them -AT: "and obey them" +"and obey them" -## You will not add to the words...neither will you diminish them ## +# You will not add to the words ... neither will you diminish them -They are not to create more laws nor are they to ignore laws that God specified. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh does not want his people to create new laws, or to ignore those he has already given them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/03.md b/deu/04/03.md index 3d2fca29eb..48178fb239 100644 --- a/deu/04/03.md +++ b/deu/04/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Your eyes have seen ## +# Your eyes have seen -AT: "You saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "eyes" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "You saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## because of Baal Peor ## +# because of Baal Peor -This refers to an event that happened while the people were walking through the wilderness. The people of Israel listened to the women of Moab and they started worshiping a false god. Yahweh was angry and told Moses to kill the leaders who caused the people to sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "because of the sins you committed at Baal Peor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Peor ## +# Peor -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:28](../03/28.md). +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:29](../03/28.md). -## you who clung to Yahweh ## +# Yahweh your God has destroyed them from among you -AT: "you who were careful to obey Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks to the people of Israel as though they were one person, so "your" and "you" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# you who clung to Yahweh + +The writer speaks as if trusting in Yahweh and obeying him were like physically holding on to a person. AT: "you who were careful to obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/05.md b/deu/04/05.md index bfe9f131a3..30177bcce0 100644 --- a/deu/04/05.md +++ b/deu/04/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Look ## +# Look -AT: "Pay attention" +"Pay attention" -## that you should do so in the midst of the land ## +# that you should do so in the midst of the land -AT: "that you should obey them when you live in the land" +"that you should obey them when you live in the land" -## keep them and do them ## +# keep them and do them -AT: "obey them carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that they are to obey them. AT: "obey them carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## in the sight of the peoples ## +# this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the peoples -This means the other peoples will consider the people of Israel to be wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "understanding" can be translated as adjective phrases, and the abstract noun "sight" refers to how the peoples judge or decide on the value of something. AT: "this is what will show the peoples that you are wise and that you understand what is important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this great nation is a wise and understanding people + +The word "nation" is a metonym for the people of that nation. AT: "the people of this great nation are wise and understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/07.md b/deu/04/07.md index a89ba17652..25c0b42a0f 100644 --- a/deu/04/07.md +++ b/deu/04/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## For what other great nation is there...What other great nation is there ## +# General Information: -AT: "For there is no other great nation...There is no other great nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. + +# For what other great nation is there ... him? What other great nation is there ... today? + +These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. AT: "For there is no other great nation ... him. There is no other great nation ... today." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/09.md b/deu/04/09.md index 84d0e3c1c9..7b8ae6ea94 100644 --- a/deu/04/09.md +++ b/deu/04/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## Only pay attention and carefully guard yourself ## +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -AT: "Pay careful attention and be sure to remember these things always" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Only pay attention ... guard yourself ... you do not forget ... your eyes ... your heart ... your life ... make them known to your children and your children's children ... you stood before Yahweh your God -## do not forget...do not leave your heart ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they are one person, so all instances of "you," "your," and "yourself," as well as the commands "pay attention," "guard," and "make known" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -These phrases means the same thing and they are combined to emphasize that the people of Israel must remember what they have seen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +# Only pay attention and carefully guard yourself -## your eyes have seen ## +"Pay careful attention and be sure to remember these things always" -AT: "you have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# you do not forget ... they do not leave your heart -## Assemble me the people ## +These phrases means the same thing and emphasize that the people of Israel must remember what they have seen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "Bring the people to me" \ No newline at end of file +# your eyes have seen + +Here "eyes" are a synecdoche for the person. AT: "you have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Assemble me the people + +"Bring the people together and bring them to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/11.md b/deu/04/11.md index b5dca8dfac..0a6bfff32a 100644 --- a/deu/04/11.md +++ b/deu/04/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## with fire to the heart of heaven ## +# General Information: -AT: "with a pillar of fire that stretched up into the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Moses continues to remind the Israelites of their history. -## with darkness, cloud, and thick darkness ## +# with fire to the heart of heaven -AT: "with a thick, dark cloud" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. "The heart of" means "the middle of" or "the innermost part of," and "heaven" here refers to the sky. AT: "with a fire that went up to the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with darkness, cloud, and thick darkness + +Here "thick darkness" describes the cloud. AT: "with a thick, dark cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# thick darkness + +Another possible meaning is "heavy cloud." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/13.md b/deu/04/13.md index ccb71f267b..cae9c746da 100644 --- a/deu/04/13.md +++ b/deu/04/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## He declared ## +# General Information: + +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. + +# He declared "Yahweh declared" -## to you ## +# to you -This refers to the Israelites who were at Mount Horeb. \ No newline at end of file +Here "you" refers to the Israelites who were at Mount Horeb. + +# in the land that you are crossing over to take possession of + +"after you have crossed over the Jordan River and taken possession of the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/15.md b/deu/04/15.md index 3d1bb68264..be58b7fec4 100644 --- a/deu/04/15.md +++ b/deu/04/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## So be very careful yourselves ## +# So take great heed to yourselves -"So you be very careful" +Possible meanings are 1) "So you need to be very careful how you act" or 2) "Guard your souls carefully." -## creeps on the ground ## +# do not corrupt yourselves + +"do not do what is wrong" + +# creeps on the ground "crawls on the ground" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/19.md b/deu/04/19.md index 10baf5e07f..136037c8e1 100644 --- a/deu/04/19.md +++ b/deu/04/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## all the host of the heavens ## +# You shall not lift your eyes ... and look ... and be drawn ... Yahweh your God -This is another way of referring to the sun, moon, and stars. +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" and the words "lift," "look," and "be drawn" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## that you are not drawn away to worship ## +# You shall not ... and be drawn away to worship -AT: "that you do not worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not ... and do not let anyone make you want to worship" or "Do not ... and do not allow yourself worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that Yahweh your God has assigned them there ## +# all the host of the heavens -"that Yahweh your God has put there" \ No newline at end of file +"everything you can see in the sky." This is another way of referring to the sun, moon, and stars. + +# of which Yahweh your God has given a share all the peoples + +This is an idiom. Moses speaks of the stars as if they were small objects like food that Yahweh was dividing and giving out to the people groups. AT: "that Yahweh your God has put there to help all people groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# brought you out of the iron furnace + +Moses speaks of Egypt and the hard work the Israelites did there as if it were an oven in which iron is heated and the Israelites were the iron. AT: "brought you out of the land where people made you do hard work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a people of his own inheritance + +This is an idiom that can be translated "people who belong only to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/21.md b/deu/04/21.md index 2ed0f7dab2..e250d6fec3 100644 --- a/deu/04/21.md +++ b/deu/04/21.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Yahweh was angry with me because of you ## +# Yahweh was angry with me because of you -This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:37](../01/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yahweh your God is giving to you + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/23.md b/deu/04/23.md index 3cb3122181..0f2b7c7f63 100644 --- a/deu/04/23.md +++ b/deu/04/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Pay attention to yourselves ## +# Pay attention to yourselves -AT: "Pay careful attention" +"Pay careful attention" -## God is a devouring fire, a jealous God ## +# Yahweh your God has forbidden you ... Yahweh your God -AT: "God will severely punish and destroy you like a devouring fire, because he does not want you to worship other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one person, so the words "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Yahweh your God is a devouring fire, a jealous God + +Moses compares how Yahweh acts when he is angry to the way a fire destroys things. AT: "Yahweh your God will severely punish and destroy you like a fire does because he does not want you to worship other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/25.md b/deu/04/25.md index bc058f71ac..414c114d94 100644 --- a/deu/04/25.md +++ b/deu/04/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## and do what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God, to provoke him to anger ## +# General Information: -AT: "and you make Yahweh your God angry by doing what he says is evil" +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## I call heaven and earth to witness ## +# you beget ... Yahweh your God -Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who dwell in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witness to what he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The words "you" and "your" are singular here. -## but you will be completely destroyed ## +# beget -AT: "but Yahweh will completely destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +become the father of, or become the ancestor of + +# if you corrupt yourselves + +"if you do what is wrong." See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](./15.md). + +# do what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God, to provoke him to anger + +This is an idiom. AT: "you make Yahweh your God angry by doing what he says is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I call heaven and earth to witness + +Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# you will not prolong your days + +Long days are a metaphor for a long life. AT: "you will not be able to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but you will be completely destroyed + +As indicated in 4:27, not every Israelite will be killed. Here "completely destroy" is a generalization and emphasizes that many of the Israelites will die. This can be stated in active form. AT: "but Yahweh will destroy many of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/27.md b/deu/04/27.md index cb88b65c19..6b53f3747a 100644 --- a/deu/04/27.md +++ b/deu/04/27.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## will lead you away ## +# Yahweh will scatter you among the peoples -"will send you" +Moses speaks as if the people were seeds that Yahweh would scatter around a field. AT: "Yahweh will send you to many different places and force you to live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the work of men’s hands, wood and stone ## +# will lead you away -AT: "the wood and stone idols that men have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"will send you" or "will cause your enemies to take you away" + +# the work of men's hands, wood and stone + +Here "men's hands" refers the men themselves, and "the work ... wood and stone" to the idols that they have created. AT: "the wood and stone idols that men have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/29.md b/deu/04/29.md index 3aeab59b1c..6dbc302354 100644 --- a/deu/04/29.md +++ b/deu/04/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## But from there ## +# General Information: -AT: "But when you are in those other nations" +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. He speaks as though they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## when you search after him with all your heart and with all your soul ## +# But from there -AT: "when you earnestly seek to know him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"But when you are in those other nations" + +# you will seek + +The word "you" here is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# when you search after him + +"when you really try to find him" or "when you really try to know him" + +# with all your heart and with all your soul + +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all ... being." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/30.md b/deu/04/30.md index 5f7054f1ac..5ff66f6fe6 100644 --- a/deu/04/30.md +++ b/deu/04/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## in those later days ## +# will have come on -AT: "afterwards" or "then" +"have happened to" -## listen to his voice ## +# in those later days -AT: "obey what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"afterwards" or "then" + +# listen to his voice + +Here "listen" is an idiom that means to hear and obey. Also, "his voice" refers to Yahweh and emphasizes what he says. AT: "obey what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/32.md b/deu/04/32.md index 4936a3337e..877e58e9e2 100644 --- a/deu/04/32.md +++ b/deu/04/32.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## Did ever a people hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as you have heard, and live? ## +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and the command "ask now" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "No other people besides you has heard God speak from the middle of the fire and lived." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Did ever a people hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as you have heard, and live? + +Here the people of Israel are reminded of how Yahweh has spoken to them in an amazing way in the past. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No other people besides you has heard God speak from the middle of the fire and lived." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# hear the voice of God speaking + +Here God is represented by his voice. AT: "hear God's voice as he spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/34.md b/deu/04/34.md index d42e8257e3..9b77cc8de9 100644 --- a/deu/04/34.md +++ b/deu/04/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Or has a god ever ## +# General Information: -AT: "No other god has ever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## and by a mighty hand, and by a display of great power ## +# by a mighty hand, and by an outstretched arm -These phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "and by showing his mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "a mighty hand" and "an outstretched arm" are metaphors for Yahweh's power. AT: "by showing his mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## before your eyes ## +# before your eyes -AT: "in front of you" \ No newline at end of file +Here "eyes" refer to the whole person. AT: "in front of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/35.md b/deu/04/35.md index 3ec22e30f8..f333f4d0b0 100644 --- a/deu/04/35.md +++ b/deu/04/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## To you these things were shown ## +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "Yahweh showed you these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# To you these things were shown -## he made you...you heard ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh showed you these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Here "you" refers to those who were at Mount Sinai when God spoke to them. \ No newline at end of file +# he made you to hear ... made you see + +"he made sure you heard ... made sure you saw" + +# made you ... you heard + +Moses speaks as if the people to whom he was speaking were the people he had spoken to at Mount Sinai many years earlier. The people at Mount Sinai were actually the fathers of the people to whom he was speaking these words. AT: "made your fathers ... your fathers heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/37.md b/deu/04/37.md index deac690b47..31222281cf 100644 --- a/deu/04/37.md +++ b/deu/04/37.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## your fathers ## +# General Information: + +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# your fathers This refers to Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Jacob's sons. -## with his presence, with his great power ## +# with his presence, with his great power -AT: "with the great power that comes from his presence" or "with his great power" \ No newline at end of file +"with the great power that comes from his presence" or "with his great power" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/39.md b/deu/04/39.md index 75761e9eba..4aef7e86e6 100644 --- a/deu/04/39.md +++ b/deu/04/39.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## lay it on your heart ## +# General Information: -AT: "remember it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## in heaven above and on the earth beneath ## +# lay it on your heart -AT: "over everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "remember it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in heaven above and on the earth beneath + +The two phrases "in heaven" and "on the earth" show two extremes and mean "everywhere." AT: "over everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# prolong your days + +Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](./25.md). AT: "be able to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/41.md b/deu/04/41.md index 9a26c71dbe..387d1720d0 100644 --- a/deu/04/41.md +++ b/deu/04/41.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Bezer...Ramoth...Golan ## +# General Information: + +Moses's speech, which began in [Deuteronomy 1:6](../01/05.md), has finished, and the writer continues the narrative that ended in [Deuteronomy 1:5](../01/05.md). + +# Bezer ... Ramoth ... Golan These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/44.md b/deu/04/44.md index 5cf82c4d18..7d174f5959 100644 --- a/deu/04/44.md +++ b/deu/04/44.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## This is the law ## +# This is the law This refers to the laws Moses will give in the following chapters. -## Beth Peor ## +# Beth Peor -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:28](../03/28.md). +This is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:29](../03/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Sihon...Amorites...Heshbon ## +# Sihon ... Amorites ... Heshbon -See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 1:3](../01/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +"King Sihon ... Amorite people ... town of Heshbon." See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/47.md b/deu/04/47.md index 8ee041765e..99a05c17d3 100644 --- a/deu/04/47.md +++ b/deu/04/47.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Og king of Bashan ## +# his land -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:3](../01/03.md). +King Sihon's land -## Aroer ## +# Og king of Bashan -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:36](../02/36.md). +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). -## the valley of the Arnon ## +# beyond the Jordan toward the east ... eastward beyond the Jordan -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). +This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. AT: "from the side of the Jordan River toward the east ... eastward from the side of the Jordan River" -## Mount Sirion...Mount Hermon ## +# Aroer -See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 3:8](../03/08.md). +This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:36](../02/36.md). -## sea of the Arabah...Mount Pisgah ## +# the Valley of the Arnon -See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). + +# Mount Sion ... Mount Hermon + +These are the names of mountains. See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 3:8-9](../03/08.md). + +# Sea of the Arabah ... Mount Pisgah + +See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/04/intro.md b/deu/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d36901ba44 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Deuteronomy 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Law of Moses ##### +In order to possess the land, the people needed to obey the law of Moses. This will be the most important thing in the religious life of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Moses' instructions ##### +Moses is not allowed to enter into the Promised Land. Since they are getting ready to possess the Promised Land, Moses gives them some last instructions before his death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Moses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince his readers to obey his instructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/01.md b/deu/05/01.md index eb693fa230..f6c7c88d03 100644 --- a/deu/05/01.md +++ b/deu/05/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## that I will speak in your ears today ## +# General Information: -AT: "that I will speak to you today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## Yahweh did not make this covenant with our ancestors ## +# called to all Israel -Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh did not only make a covenant with those who were at Horeb. The covenant was also with the later generations of Israelites, or 2) Yahweh did not make this covenant with their distant ancestors, such as, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. This covenant began with the Israelites at Horeb. \ No newline at end of file +Here "all" is a generalization. Moses wanted everyone in Israel to hear and obey his words, but his voice was probably not so loud that everyone actually heard him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# that I will speak in your ears today + +Here "ears" refers to the whole person. This metaphor emphasizes that the people know what Moses has said to them, so they cannot sin and then say they did not know they were sinning. AT: "that I will speak to you today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh did not make this covenant with our ancestors + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh did not only make a covenant with those who were at Horeb; the covenant was also with the later generations of Israelites or 2) Yahweh did not make this covenant with their distant ancestors, such as, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; instead, this covenant began with the Israelites at Horeb. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/04.md b/deu/05/04.md index 05511dc02c..a6d6429b58 100644 --- a/deu/05/04.md +++ b/deu/05/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## at that time ## +# face to face + +Use your language's idiom for two people who are close to each other and looking at each other when they are speaking to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# on the mount + +"on the mountain" + +# at that time Moses is referring to an event that happened about 40 years earlier. -## out of the house of slavery ## +# out of the house of slavery -AT: "out of the place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the metonym "house of slavery" refers to Egypt where the people of Israel had been slaves. AT: "out of the place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/07.md b/deu/05/07.md index 156a2ccdef..d65e9b9e00 100644 --- a/deu/05/07.md +++ b/deu/05/07.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Moses continues reminding the people what Yahweh said. +# General Information: -## You must have no other gods before me ## +Moses continues reminding the people what Yahweh has commanded them. The phrases "you will" and "you will not" are commands. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -“You must not worship any other gods but me” \ No newline at end of file +# You will have no other gods before me + +"You must not worship any other gods but me" + +# that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water below + +This can be made more explicit. AT: "that is in the earth beneath your feet, or that is in the water below the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/09.md b/deu/05/09.md index d11870ed78..65df5b678a 100644 --- a/deu/05/09.md +++ b/deu/05/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## bow down to them or worship them ## +# General Information: -"bow down to the carved figures or worship them" +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## am a jealous God ## +# You will not bow down to them or serve them -This means God wants his people to only worship him. \ No newline at end of file +"You will not worship the carved figures or do as they command" + +# You will not + +"Never" + +# I ... am a jealous God + +"I ... want you to worship only me" + +# showing covenant faithfulness to thousands, to those who love me + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." AT: "faithfully loving thousands, those who love me" or "being faithful to the covenant with thousands, with those who love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to thousands, to those who love me + +Some translations read "to a thousand generations of those who love me." The word "thousands" is a metonym for a number too many to count. AT: "forever, to those who love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/11.md b/deu/05/11.md index f08a0a924d..8724bc69e4 100644 --- a/deu/05/11.md +++ b/deu/05/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## take the name of Yahweh ## +# General Information: -"use the name of Yahweh" +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## in vain ## +# You will not take the name of Yahweh -AT: "carelessly" or "without proper respect" or "for wrong purposes" +"You will not use the name of Yahweh" -## Yahweh will not hold him guiltless ## +# You will not -AT: "Yahweh will certainly consider him guilty" or "Yahweh will certainly punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:09](./09.md). + +# in vain + +"carelessly" or "without proper respect" or "for wrong purposes" + +# Yahweh will not hold him guiltless + +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "Yahweh will consider him guilty" or "Yahweh will punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/12.md b/deu/05/12.md index 3d4a861290..4314e88ab7 100644 --- a/deu/05/12.md +++ b/deu/05/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## to keep it holy ## +# General Information: -This shows that the Sabbath day is dedicated to God. +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## do all your work ## +# to keep it holy + +"to dedicate it to God" + +# do all your work "do all your usual duties" -## In it you will not ## +# seventh day -"During it you will not" +"7th day." Here "seventh" is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## within your gates ## +# On it you will not do -Cities often had walls around them to keep out enemies, and gates for people to go in and out. AT: "within your community" or "inside your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"On that day never do" + +# within your gates + +Here "gates" is a reference to the city itself. AT: "within your community" or "inside your city" or "living with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/15.md b/deu/05/15.md index 2eac37acdc..33c32b8146 100644 --- a/deu/05/15.md +++ b/deu/05/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what Yahweh said. +# General Information: -## You will call to mind ## +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "You must remember" +# You will call to mind -## by a mighty hand and by a display of power ## +This is an idiom. AT: "You must remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing are combined for emphasis. AT: "by showing his great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm + +Here "a mighty hand" and "an outstretched arm" are metaphors for Yahweh's power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). AT: "by showing his mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/16.md b/deu/05/16.md index 69fe983486..0656ab315b 100644 --- a/deu/05/16.md +++ b/deu/05/16.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/17.md b/deu/05/17.md index f1fb88b687..459c6425a1 100644 --- a/deu/05/17.md +++ b/deu/05/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## You will not commit adultery ## +# General Information: -AT: "You will not sleep with anyone other than your spouse" +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## You will not give false witness against your neighbor ## +# You will not -AT: "You will not tell lies about someone" \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:09](./09.md). + +# You will not commit adultery + +"You will not sleep with anyone other than your spouse" + +# You will not give false witness against your neighbor + +"You will not tell lies about someone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/21.md b/deu/05/21.md index 5ed616181f..ae0df0658d 100644 --- a/deu/05/21.md +++ b/deu/05/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## You will not covet ## +# General Information: -AT: "You will not strongly want to have" or "You will not want to take" \ No newline at end of file +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You will not + +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:09](./09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/22.md b/deu/05/22.md index 2d86eb440b..aa7187702c 100644 --- a/deu/05/22.md +++ b/deu/05/22.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/23.md b/deu/05/23.md index 34058fc76a..946d82a58f 100644 --- a/deu/05/23.md +++ b/deu/05/23.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what happened in the past. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what happened in the past. + +# heard the voice + +The word "voice" is a metonym for the sound of the voice or for the person who was speaking. AT: "heard the sound of the voice" or "heard Yahweh speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/25.md b/deu/05/25.md index 1f54ca4a08..175d3d7d08 100644 --- a/deu/05/25.md +++ b/deu/05/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -The people of Israel continue speaking to Moses. +# General Information: -## But why should we die? ## +Moses continues to remind the Israelites what the Israelites had said to Moses. -AT: "It is not proper that we should die!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# But why should we die? -## For who besides us is there among all flesh ## +They were afraid that they would die if Yahweh spoke to them. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We are afraid that we will die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "There are no other people besides us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# For who besides us is there ... have done? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "There are no other people besides us ... have done." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# all flesh + +This represents all people or living things. AT: "all people" or "all living beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/28.md b/deu/05/28.md index 9e7d9766cf..e23f8945a4 100644 --- a/deu/05/28.md +++ b/deu/05/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## when you spoke to me ## +# when you spoke to me -Here "me" refers to Moses. \ No newline at end of file +Here "me" refers to Moses. + +# Oh, that there were + +If your language has an idiom that expresses a strong desire for something, you might want to use it here. AT: "I would be very happy if there were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/31.md b/deu/05/31.md index a733b85761..63104c32da 100644 --- a/deu/05/31.md +++ b/deu/05/31.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## you will teach them ## +# you will teach them "you will teach the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/32.md b/deu/05/32.md index c17d77aec9..e2f7627ae8 100644 --- a/deu/05/32.md +++ b/deu/05/32.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## You will keep ## +# General Information: -Moses is speaking to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. + +# You will keep + +Moses is giving a command to the people of Israel. + +# you will not turn aside to the right hand or to the left + +This compares a person disobeying God to a person turning off of the correct path. AT: "you will not disobey him in any way" or "you will do everything he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# prolong your days + +Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:40](../04/39.md). AT: "be able to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/05/intro.md b/deu/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f948ec3f78 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Deuteronomy 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB signals each of the Ten Commandments by indenting them. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ten commandments ##### +This chapter repeats the material of Exodus 20. It is known as the Ten Commandments. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors and idioms ##### +Moses uses metaphors and idioms to instruct the people to follow the law of Moses. This is because it is very important to follow these laws. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/01.md b/deu/06/01.md index 01e7ad02c2..1d24244cdd 100644 --- a/deu/06/01.md +++ b/deu/06/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Moses continues the speech he begin in [Deuteronomy 5:1](../05/01.md). +# General Information: -## commanded me to teach you ## +Moses continues the speech to the people of Israel he began in [Deuteronomy 5:1](../05/01.md). Beginning in verse 2, he speaks to the people of Israel as if they were one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -Moses is speaking to the people of Israel. +# might keep ... to keep -## going over the Jordan ## +"might obey ... to obey" -"going over the Jordan River" +# going over the Jordan -## that your days may be prolonged ## +"going to the other side of the Jordan River" -AT: "that you live long lives" \ No newline at end of file +# that your days may be prolonged + +Long days are a metaphor for a long life. This can be stated in active form. This can be translated similarly to "prolong your days" in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/25.md). AT: "that I may prolong your days" or "that I may cause you to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/03.md b/deu/06/03.md index 206e3957a7..321dda43e8 100644 --- a/deu/06/03.md +++ b/deu/06/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## listen to them ## +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -To "listen" in this case is to obey. AT: "listen to Yahweh's commandments, statutes, and decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# listen to them -## a land flowing with milk and honey ## +Here "listen" means to obey, and "them" refers to Yahweh's commandments. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "listen to Yahweh's commandments, statutes, and decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -This means that the land will be rich and productive, so there will be enough food for everyone. AT: "a land where plenty of milk and honey flow" or "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# keep them + +"obey them" + +# a land flowing with milk and honey + +This is an idiom. AT: "a land where plenty of milk and honey flow" or "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/04.md b/deu/06/04.md index 0d86a09057..56b2a1bb35 100644 --- a/deu/06/04.md +++ b/deu/06/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Yahweh our God is one ## +# General Information: -AT: "Our God Yahweh is the one and only God" \ No newline at end of file +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Yahweh our God is one + +"Our God Yahweh is the one and only God" + +# with all your heart, with all your soul + +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all ... being." See how you translated these two phrases in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/06.md b/deu/06/06.md index a19b307160..e41c335f7a 100644 --- a/deu/06/06.md +++ b/deu/06/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## I am commanding you ## +# General Information: + +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I am commanding you Moses is speaking God's commandments to the people of Israel. -## will be in your heart ## +# will be in your heart -AT: "you must always remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "you must always remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## will diligently teach them ## +# you will diligently teach ... you will talk -God's commandments are to be discussed anytime, anywhere. They are not just for the priests and Levites to speak. \ No newline at end of file +"I command you to diligently teach ... I command you to talk." The reader should understand these as commands. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/08.md b/deu/06/08.md index 0e8ee2cb1c..815d76ba80 100644 --- a/deu/06/08.md +++ b/deu/06/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## tie them ## +# General Information: -"tie these words" +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## as a sign upon your hand ## +# tie them -God was providing ways for the Israelites to remember His law. +This is a metonym for "write these words on parchment, put the parchment in a pouch, and tie the pouch." This metonym in turn may be a metaphor for "obey these words so that it is as if they were physically there." AT: "tie these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You will write them on the doorposts ## +# as a sign upon your hand -God's laws were to be accessible and visible throughout the community. \ No newline at end of file +"as something to make you remember my laws" + +# they will serve as frontlets + +This is a metonym for "write these words on parchment, put the parchment in a pouch, and tie the pouch to your head so it sits." This metonym in turn may be a metaphor for "obey these words so that it is as if they were physically there." AT: "my words will serve as frontlets"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# frontlets + +ornaments a person wears on the forehead + +# You will write + +This is a command. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/10.md b/deu/06/10.md index 0730df0c95..c65f539b2b 100644 --- a/deu/06/10.md +++ b/deu/06/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## large and very good cities that you did not build... ## +# General Information: -All these things will be the spoils of Israel conquering the land. +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## out of the house of bondage ## +# large and very good cities that you did not build -AT: "out of the place where you were slaves" \ No newline at end of file +All these cities will belong to the people of Israel when they conquer the people in Canaan. + +# out of the house of bondage + +Here the metonym "house of bondage" refers to Egypt, the place where the people of Israel had been slaves. AT: "out of the place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/13.md b/deu/06/13.md index 7ed326989d..36b09549e0 100644 --- a/deu/06/13.md +++ b/deu/06/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## you will swear by his name ## +# General Information: -When one makes a promise he would invoke God's name to keep him accountable to that promise. +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## in the midst of you ## +# You will honor Yahweh your God; him you will worship, and you will swear by his name -AT: "who lives among you" +"It is Yahweh your God and no one else whom you will honor; it is he alone whom you will worship, and it is by his name and only his name that you will swear." Your language may have another way of emphasizing that Yahweh is telling the Israelites not to worship or serve any other god. -## lest the anger of Yahweh your God is kindled against you and he destroy you ## +# you will swear by his name -AT: "otherwise Yahweh your God will become very angry and destroy you" \ No newline at end of file +To swear by the name of Yahweh means to make Yahweh the basis or the power on which the oath is made. The metonym "his name" refers to Yahweh himself. AT: "you will swear and ask Yahweh to confirm it" or "when you swear you will speak his name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the midst of you + +"who lives among you" + +# the anger of Yahweh your God will be kindled against you + +Moses compares Yahweh's anger to someone starting a fire to destroy things. This can be stated in active form. To kindle anger is a metaphor for becoming very angry. AT: "Yahweh your God will kindle his anger" or "Yahweh your God will become very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# destroy you from + +"destroy you so that there is nothing left of you anywhere on" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/16.md b/deu/06/16.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..caeb103bdc --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/06/16.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You will not test Yahweh + +Here "test" means to challenge Yahweh and force him to prove himself. + +# Massah + +This is the name of a place in the desert. The translator may add a footnote that says: "The name 'Massah' means 'testing.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/18.md b/deu/06/18.md index cf7d9ba2f7..7f4e160574 100644 --- a/deu/06/18.md +++ b/deu/06/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## You will do what is right and good ... ## +# General Information: -This is a command and blessing. If the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will receive blessings from Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You will do what is right and good in the sight of Yahweh + +This idiom is a command and a blessing. If the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will receive blessings from Yahweh. AT: "Do what Yahweh says is right and good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/20.md b/deu/06/20.md index f32d1d6437..e51773a35a 100644 --- a/deu/06/20.md +++ b/deu/06/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## your son ## +# General Information: -This refers to the children of the people of Israel. +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## with a mighty hand ## +# What are the covenant decrees ... commanded you -AT: "with his mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +In this question the "covenant decrees" represent their meaning and purpose. AT: "What do the covenant decrees ... commanded mean to you" or "Why should you obey the covenant decrees ... commanded you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and on all his house ## +# your son -AT: "and on all of his people" +This refers to the children of the adult people of Israel to whom Moses was speaking Yahweh's words. -## before our eyes ## +# with a mighty hand -AT: "in our sight" +Here "a mighty hand" refers to Yahweh's power. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). AT: "with his mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## might bring us in ## +# on all his house -Implying the Land of Canaan which God promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. \ No newline at end of file +Here the metonym "his house" refers to the people of Yahweh. AT: "on all of his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# before our eyes + +Here the word "eyes" refers to the whole person. AT: "where we could see them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# might bring us in + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "might bring us into Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/24.md b/deu/06/24.md index e6c43b24ab..ea19341253 100644 --- a/deu/06/24.md +++ b/deu/06/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Moses continues telling the people of Israel what they should tell their children about Yahweh's commandments. +# General Information: -## before Yahweh ## +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. He tells them what they should tell their children about Yahweh's commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "in the presence of Yahweh" +# before Yahweh -## this will be our righteousness ## +"in the presence of Yahweh" or "where Yahweh can see us" -AT: "he will consider us righteous" \ No newline at end of file +# keep + +"obey" + +# this will be our righteousness + +The word "this" refers to keeping Yahweh's commands. This is a metonym for Yahweh considering them righteous. AT: "he will consider us righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/06/intro.md b/deu/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d6350c0018 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Deuteronomy 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's blessings ##### +Yahweh's continued blessing of the people of Israel is dependent upon the people's obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors describe the greatness of the Promised Land and the wholehearted worship that is completely dedicated to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/01.md b/deu/07/01.md index 1dbb68e036..9ab3f7d018 100644 --- a/deu/07/01.md +++ b/deu/07/01.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -Moses continues telling the people of Israel what Yahweh wants them to do. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/02.md b/deu/07/02.md index a40014af43..3042561a44 100644 --- a/deu/07/02.md +++ b/deu/07/02.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## over them ## +# General Information: -Here "them" refers to the seven nations from [Deuteronomy 7:1](./01.md). +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## utterly destroy them ## +# gives them over to you -"completely destroy them" \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks of victory as if it were a physical object one person could give to another. AT: "enables you to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you defeat them + +Here "them" refers to the seven nations from [Deuteronomy 7:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/04.md b/deu/07/04.md index 97ea6a887a..2bf7b07647 100644 --- a/deu/07/04.md +++ b/deu/07/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## For they will ## +# General Information: -Those people who Israel may let live instead of obeying God by killing everyone. AT: "For the people from the other nations will" +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## So the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against you ## +# For they will -AT: "Then Yahweh will become very angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"If you allow your children to marry the people from the other nations, the people from the other nations will" + +# So the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against you + +Moses compares Yahweh's anger to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes Yahweh's power to destroy what makes him angry. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will kindle his anger against you" or "Then Yahweh will become very angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# against you + +The word "you" refers to all the Israelites and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you will deal ... You will break ... dash ... cut ... burn + +Moses is speaking to all the Israelites here, so these words are all plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/06.md b/deu/07/06.md index df6cfbfed0..3f8bea5254 100644 --- a/deu/07/06.md +++ b/deu/07/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## that are on the face of the earth ## +# General Information: -AT: "that live on the earth" \ No newline at end of file +Moses tells the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you are a nation that is set apart + +Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that are on the face of the earth + +This is an idiom. AT: "that live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/07.md b/deu/07/07.md index d7a39f20c2..1e9a2a9c23 100644 --- a/deu/07/07.md +++ b/deu/07/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## did not set his love upon you ## +# General Information: -AT: "did not love you" +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words. All instances of "you" and "your" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## with a mighty hand ## +# did not set his love upon you -AT: "with his mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "did not love you more than he loved others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## house of bondage ## +# with a mighty hand -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:10](../06/10.md). +Here "a mighty hand" refers to Yahweh's power. These words also appear in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). AT: "with his mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## hand of Pharaoh ## +# redeemed you out of the house of bondage -"control of Pharaoh" \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks of Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves as if Yahweh had paid money to a slave owner. AT: "rescued you from being slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# house of bondage + +Here the metonym "house of bondage" refers to Egypt, the place where the people of Israel had been slaves. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 6:12](../06/10.md). AT: "out of the place where you were slaves" + +# hand of Pharaoh + +Here "hand" means "the control of." AT: "control of Pharaoh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/09.md b/deu/07/09.md index fd9bdec234..af01c4d6c7 100644 --- a/deu/07/09.md +++ b/deu/07/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## for a thousand generations ## +# General Information: + +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# for a thousand generations "for 1,000 generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## repays those who hate him to their face ## +# repays those who hate him to their face -This means God will repay them quickly and openly so that they know God has punished them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom means "repays them quickly and openly so that they know God has punished them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he will not be lenient on whoever hates him ## +# he will not be lenient on whoever hates him -AT: "he will severely punish everyone who hates him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) - -## I command you ## - -Moses is speaking to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +The words "not be lenient" are an understatement to emphasize that Yahweh will severely punish. AT: "Yahweh will severely punish everyone who hates him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/12.md b/deu/07/12.md index 2899b7a3ab..e67f2e7327 100644 --- a/deu/07/12.md +++ b/deu/07/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## and multiply you ## +# General Information: -AT: "and increase the number of your people" +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words. He speaks as if the Israelites are one person in verse 12 and to all of them as a group in verse 13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## the fruit of your body ## +# multiply you -AT: "your children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"increase the number of your people" -## the fruit of your ground ## +# the fruit of your body -AT: "your crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom for "your children." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the multiplication of your cattle ## +# the fruit of your ground -AT: "the calves of your cattle" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom for "your crops." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the multiplication of your cattle + +"your cattle so they will become many" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/14.md b/deu/07/14.md index a75ec697a1..2ea9336797 100644 --- a/deu/07/14.md +++ b/deu/07/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## there will not be a childless male or barren female among you or among your cattle ## +# General Information: -Moses uses a negative statement to emphasize that they all will be able to have children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You will be blessed more than all other peoples + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will bless you more than I bless any other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there will not be a childless male or a barren female among you or among your cattle + +Moses uses a negative statement to emphasize that they all will be able to have children. This may be stated in a positive form. AT: "All of you will be able to have children and your cattle will be able to reproduce" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# among you ... your cattle + +The words "you" and "your" are plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# take away from you all sickness + +"make sure that you do not become ill" or "keep you completely healthy" + +# none of the evil diseases ... will he put on you, but he will put them on all those who hate you + +Moses speaks as if disease were a heavy object that Yahweh would put on top of people. AT: "he will not make you sick with any of the evil diseases ... but he will make your enemies sick with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/16.md b/deu/07/16.md index 153909ea0f..fe00876333 100644 --- a/deu/07/16.md +++ b/deu/07/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## You will consume ## +# General Information: -Israel is to eliminate all the people. +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Your eye will not pity them ## +# You will consume all the people groups -AT: "You will not show them mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"I command you to completely destroy all the people groups" -## that will be a trap for you ## +# your eye will not pity them -This means worshiping other gods will lead the people of Israel to ruin like an animal caught in a hunter's trap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a command. Moses speaks as if what the eye sees were the eye itself. AT: "do not allow what you see to cause you to pity them" or "do not pity them because you see that what you are doing is hurting them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You will not worship + +"never worship" + +# that will be a trap for you + +If the people worship other gods, they will be like an animal caught in a hunter's trap, and they will be unable to escape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/17.md b/deu/07/17.md index 31ccb420b2..f5a78b070b 100644 --- a/deu/07/17.md +++ b/deu/07/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## If you say in your heart ## +# General Information: -AT: "If you say to yourself" or "If you say" +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## how can I dispossess them? ## +# If you say in your heart ... do not be afraid -Moses uses a question to emphasize that the people may feel afraid of the other nations. AT: "I cannot defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The people should not be afraid even if they notice that the nations are stronger than they are. AT: "Even if you say in your heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you will call to mind ## +# say in your heart -"you must remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## that your eyes saw ## +# how can I dispossess them? -AT: "that you saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Moses uses a question to emphasize that the people may feel afraid of the other nations. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I cannot defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the mighty hand, and the display of power ## +# you will call to mind -AT: "and the mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "you must remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that your eyes saw + +Here "eyes" represent the whole person. AT: "that you saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the mighty hand, and the outstretched arm + +Here "a mighty hand" and "an outstretched arm" are metaphors for Yahweh's power. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). AT: "and the mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/20.md b/deu/07/20.md index dc6ea779cd..a863bf0aa6 100644 --- a/deu/07/20.md +++ b/deu/07/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Moreover ## +# General Information: + +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Moreover "And also" -## send the hornet ## +# send the hornet -possible meanings are 1) God will send actual flying insects that sting people and cause pain, or 2) God will cause a great fear to fall on the people so that they become terrified. +Possible meanings are 1) God will send actual flying insects that sting people and cause pain, or 2) God will cause the people to become terrified and want to run away. -## a great and fearsome God ## +# perish from your presence -AT: "a great and awesome God" or "a great God who causes the people to fear" +This is an idiom. AT: "die so you do not see them anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## little by little ## +# You will not + +"Never" + +# a great and fearsome God + +"a great and awesome God" or "a great God who causes the people to fear" + +# little by little "slowly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/23.md b/deu/07/23.md index 20c28be2a6..faf9b6920f 100644 --- a/deu/07/23.md +++ b/deu/07/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## victory over them ## +# General Information: + +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# give you victory over + +This is an idiom. AT: "enable you to defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# victory over them "victory over the armies from the other nations" -## until they are destroyed ## +# he will greatly confuse them -AT: "until you destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"he will make them so they cannot think clearly" -## you will make their name perish from under heaven ## +# until they are destroyed -This means the Israelites will completely destroy all the people from those nations, and in the future no one will remember them. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until you have destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## stand before you ## +# you will make their name perish from under heaven -"stand against you" \ No newline at end of file +The Israelites will completely destroy all the people from those nations, and in the future no one will remember them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# stand before you + +"stand against you" or "defend themselves against you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/25.md b/deu/07/25.md index 04076d172d..71df793af9 100644 --- a/deu/07/25.md +++ b/deu/07/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## their god ## +# General Information: -AT: "the gods of the other nations" +Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words. In verse 25 he speaks to the group as a group, so the forms of "you" are plural, but in verse 26 he speaks as if the Israelites are one person, so the forms are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## and you become trapped by it ## +# You will burn -This means taking the idols for the gold or silver could cause the people to start worshiping the idols. This will lead them to ruin like an animal caught in a hunter's trap. AT: "and it becomes a trap to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is a command. -## for it is detestable to Yahweh your God ## +# their gods -AT: "for Yahweh your God hates it very much" +"the gods of the other nations" -## You will utterly detest and abhor ## +# do not covet ... trapped by it -The words "detest" and "abhor" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "You will absolutely detest" or "You will completely hate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These words add to the instruction to burn the idols. -## for it is set apart for destruction ## +# you will become trapped by it -AT: "for Yahweh has set it apart so that he may destroy it" \ No newline at end of file +Even taking the gold or silver on the idols could cause the people to start worshiping them. By doing this they would become like an animal caught by a trap. This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will become a trap to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for it is an abomination to Yahweh your God + +These words tell why Yahweh wants the people to burn the idols. "do this because Yahweh your God hates it very much" + +# You will utterly detest and abhor + +The words "detest" and "abhor" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of hatred. AT: "You will completely hate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# for it is set apart for destruction + +Yahweh cursing something and promising to destroy it is spoken of as if Yahweh were setting the object apart from everything else. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for Yahweh has set it apart for destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/07/intro.md b/deu/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..444b53599f --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 07 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "You must completely destroy them" ##### +The people of Canaan were to be punished by Yahweh. Yahweh used Israel to punish these nations. If they were not completely destroyed, they would lead Israel into sin. Therefore, they were to be completely destroyed and be shown no mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +##### Abrahamic Covenant ##### +This chapter references parts of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham. It also emphasizes Yahweh's faithfulness to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/01.md b/deu/08/01.md index 940bba262e..06217f160e 100644 --- a/deu/08/01.md +++ b/deu/08/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## to know ## +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You must keep ... you may live and multiply, and go in and possess ... your fathers + +All instances of "you" and "your" and the verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You will call to mind + +This is an idiom. AT: "You must remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# forty years + +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# he might humble you + +"he might show you how weak and sinful you are" + +# to know "to reveal" or "to show" -## what was in your heart ## +# what was in your heart -The heart is a symbol of a person's character. AT: "what kind of people you are" or "how you would behave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The heart is a symbol of a person's character. AT: "what kind of people you are" or "how you would behave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/03.md b/deu/08/03.md index beb4d18e07..63b40ecb2f 100644 --- a/deu/08/03.md +++ b/deu/08/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## He humbled you ## +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. He continues to remind them of what they should "call to mind" ([Deuteronomy 8:2](./01.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "Yahweh made you humble" +# He humbled you -## fed you with manna ## +"Yahweh showed you how weak and sinful you are." See how "he might humble you" is translated in [Deuteronomy 8:2](./01.md). -AT: "gave you manna to eat" +# fed you with manna -## people do not live by bread only ## +"gave you manna to eat" -Bread is a symbol of all food. AT: "food is not the only thing people need to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# it is not by bread alone that people live -## it is by everything that proceeds out of the mouth of Yahweh that people live ## +Here "bread" represents all food. AT: "food is not the only thing people need so they can live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -The mouth is a symbol for the things that Yahweh says. AT: "people must obey the commands of Yahweh so they can live" or "people must do what Yahweh tells them to do so they can live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# it is by everything that proceeds out of the mouth of Yahweh that people live + +Here "the mouth of Yahweh" is a metonym for the words that Yahweh says. AT: "people must obey the commands of Yahweh so they can live" or "people must do what Yahweh tells them to do so they can live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/04.md b/deu/08/04.md index 54a94c85c8..edbee10078 100644 --- a/deu/08/04.md +++ b/deu/08/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## You will think about in your heart ## +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -The heart is a symbol of the thoughts and understanding of a person. AT: "You will understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# Your clothing ... forty years -## corrects ## +This is the last item that they should "call to mind" ([Deuteronomy 8:2](./01.md)). -"disciplines" \ No newline at end of file +# forty years + +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# You will think ... You will keep ... walk in his ways and honor him + +This continues the list of commands that begins in [Deuteronomy 8:1-2](./01.md). + +# You will think about in your heart + +Here the metonym "heart" represents the thoughts and understanding of a person. AT: "You will understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/07.md b/deu/08/07.md index 7bbc225cc8..d196789eaa 100644 --- a/deu/08/07.md +++ b/deu/08/07.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## a land of ## +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# a land of "a land with" or "a land that has" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/09.md b/deu/08/09.md index 98e7d3d4f6..b89e90669d 100644 --- a/deu/08/09.md +++ b/deu/08/09.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## eat bread without lack ## +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "have enough food" +# a land in which you will eat bread without lack -## where you will not go without anything ## +This litotes can be translated positively. AT: "a land where there will be plenty of food for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -This phrase emphasizes that they will have everything that they need. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +# where you will not go without anything -## stones are made of iron ## +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "where you will have everything you need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# stones are made of iron The stones are full of iron ore. Iron is a very hard metal useful for swords and plows. -## dig copper ## +# dig copper -Copper is a soft metal useful for making household utensils. AT: "mine copper" +"mine copper." Copper is a soft metal useful for making household utensils. -## You will eat and be full ## +# You will eat and be full -AT: "you will have enough food to eat until you are full" +"You will have enough food to eat until you are full" -## you will bless ## +# you will bless -AT: "you will praise" or "you will give thanks to" \ No newline at end of file +"you will praise" or "you will give thanks to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/11.md b/deu/08/11.md index 428e8acf1a..01d33a232b 100644 --- a/deu/08/11.md +++ b/deu/08/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Moses begins stating a warning to not forget Yahweh. +# General Information: -## do not neglect his commandments ## +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "do not stop obeying his commandments" or "continue to obey his commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +# do not neglect his commandments -## Otherwise ## +"do not stop obeying his commandments" or "continue to obey his commandments" -AT: "If you are not careful" +# when you eat and are full -## you will eat and be full ## +"when you have enough food to eat" -AT: "you will have enough food to eat" \ No newline at end of file +# your heart will be lifted up + +Here "heart" represents the inner person. To become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the person's heart is lifted up. AT: "you will become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/13.md b/deu/08/13.md index 443efbef9e..aa834c4093 100644 --- a/deu/08/13.md +++ b/deu/08/13.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Moses finishes his warning to not forget Yahweh. +# General Information: -## your herds and your flocks ## +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "your herds of cattle and your flocks of sheep and goats" +# your herds and flocks -## multiply ## +"your herds of cattle and flocks of sheep and goats" -AT: "increase in number" or "become numerous" +# multiply -## all that you have is multiplied ## +"increase in number" or "become many" -AT: "you have a lot more things" or "you have a lot more possessions" +# all that you have is multiplied -## your heart might become lifted up ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you have many more things" or "you have many more possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "you might become proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# your heart becomes lifted up -## out of the house of bondage ## +Here "heart" represents the inner person. To become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the person's heart is lifted up. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 8:12](./11.md). AT: "you become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -They were not to forget that they were slaves to the Egyptians. AT: "out from the place where you were slaves" \ No newline at end of file +# who brought you out + +Moses begins to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# out of the house of bondage + +This is a metaphor for the time they were slaves in Egypt. AT: "out from the place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/15.md b/deu/08/15.md index 115739530d..40bff8869e 100644 --- a/deu/08/15.md +++ b/deu/08/15.md @@ -1,37 +1,31 @@ -Moses continues to warn Israel to remember Yahweh. +# General Information: -## You might forget him ## +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"You might forget Yahweh" +# who led you ... in the end -## and through ## +Moses continues to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./13.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) -AT: "and led you through" +# who led ... who brought ... He fed -## fiery serpents ## +"Yahweh, who led ... Yahweh, who brought ... Yahweh fed" + +# fiery serpents "poisonous snakes" -## thirsty ground ## +# thirsty ground This phrase describes the ground as being thirsty just like a person is thirsty when he needs water. AT: "dry ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Yahweh, who brought water out ## +# to do you good -AT: "You might forget Yahweh, who brought water out" +"to help you" or "because it would be good for you" -## Yahweh, who fed you ## +# but you may say in your heart -AT: "You might forget Yahweh, who fed you" +This is the third thing the people might do when their hearts "become lifted up" and they "forget Yahweh" ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./13.md)). Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's innermost thoughts. AT: "but you may think to yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to do you good ## +# My power and the might of my hand acquired all this wealth -AT: "to help you" or "because it would be good for you" - -## say in your heart ## - -AT: "think to yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## My power and the might of my hand acquired all this wealth ## - -AT: "I got this wealth because I am so strong and powerful" or "I have acquired all these things by my own power and ability" \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" refers to a man's power or ability. AT: "I got this wealth because I am so strong and powerful" or "I have acquired all these things by my own power and ability" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/18.md b/deu/08/18.md index dfcd50f03b..3a0b99f85b 100644 --- a/deu/08/18.md +++ b/deu/08/18.md @@ -1,41 +1,47 @@ -Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## But you will call to mind ## +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "But remember" +# But you will call to mind -## that he may ## +This idiom is a command. AT: "But remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "so he can" +# that he may establish -## establish his covenant ## +Possible meanings are 1) "in this way he establishes" or 2) "in this way he is faithful to establish." -AT: "fulfill his covenant" or "carry out his covenant" +# that he may -## as it is today ## +"so he can" -AT: "like he is doing now" or "like he is establishing his covenant now" +# establish -## walk after other gods ## +"fulfill" or "keep" -AT: "give your loyalty to other gods" or "become the servants of other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# as it is today -## I testify against you ## +"as he is doing now" or "as he is establishing his covenant now" -AT: "I warn you" or "I tell you in front of witnesses" +# walk after other gods -## this day ## +Walking is a metaphor for obeying. AT: "serve other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "today" or "right now" +# against you ... you will ... before you ... you perish ... you would not ... your God -## you shall surely perish ## +All these instances of "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "you will certainly die" +# I testify against you -## before you ## +"I warn you" or "I tell you in front of witnesses" -AT: "in front of you" +# you will surely perish -## listen to the voice ## +"you will certainly die" -The voice of Yahweh represents the things that Yahweh tells his people to do. AT: "obey the commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# before you + +"in front of you" + +# would not listen to the voice of Yahweh + +Here "the voice of Yahweh" means what Yahweh tells his people to do. AT: "would not obey Yahweh's commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/08/intro.md b/deu/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5b39d8a39 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Deuteronomy 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Forgetting ##### +This chapter recalls the great things that Yahweh has done for Israel and is about to do for them. This is so they do not forget him and they will continue to worship him. They must remember that Yahweh is the source of their blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/01.md b/deu/09/01.md index e409bc415e..ff9112aa36 100644 --- a/deu/09/01.md +++ b/deu/09/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## Hear, Israel ## +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "Hear, O people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Hear, Israel -## to dispossess ## +The word "Israel" is a metonym for the people of Israel. AT: "Listen, people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "to take the land from" +# to dispossess -## fortified up to heaven...Anakim ## +"to take the land from" -See how you translated similar words [Deuteronomy 1:26](../01/26.md). +# fortified up to heaven -## Who can stand before the sons of Anak? ## +This is an exaggeration that emphasizes how frightened the people were because the cities were so large and strong. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/26.md). AT: "have walls so high it is like they reach up to the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -AT: There is no one who can stand before the sons of Anak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# sons of the Anakim + +Descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Who can stand before the sons of Anak? + +This means that the sons of Anak were powerful and people were afraid of them. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "There is no one who can defend himself against the sons of Anak." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/03.md b/deu/09/03.md index d3d7e3c994..d4d0eb759f 100644 --- a/deu/09/03.md +++ b/deu/09/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## like a devouring fire ## +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -This emphasizes God's power and his ability to destroy the armies of the other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# today -## he will bring them down before you ## +"now" -AT: "he will humble them in front of you" or "he will subdue them in front of you" \ No newline at end of file +# like a devouring fire + +Yahweh is powerful and able to destroy the armies of the other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# subdue them before you + +"make them weak so you can control them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/04.md b/deu/09/04.md index b87f062c7f..07c5c10009 100644 --- a/deu/09/04.md +++ b/deu/09/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Do not say in your heart ## +# General Information: -AT: "Do not think to yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## has thrust them ## +# Do not say in your heart -AT: "has driven the other peoples out" \ No newline at end of file +Here "in your heart" means "in your thoughts." AT: "Do not think to yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has thrust them out + +"has driven the other peoples out" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/05.md b/deu/09/05.md index 9ce3973e54..40008895b8 100644 --- a/deu/09/05.md +++ b/deu/09/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## so that he may make come true the word ## +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "so that he may fulfill the promise" \ No newline at end of file +# the uprightness of your heart + +This is an idiom. "because you always thought and desired the right things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# so that he may make come true the word + +Here the metonym "the word" refers to what God has promised. AT: "so that he may fulfill the promise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your ancestors, to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob + +Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are the "ancestors" of whom Moses is speaking. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/06.md b/deu/09/06.md index 36ea20eb6c..d560a2e1f2 100644 --- a/deu/09/06.md +++ b/deu/09/06.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/07.md b/deu/09/07.md index bc6dc026d6..5437ff330e 100644 --- a/deu/09/07.md +++ b/deu/09/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Remember and do not forget ## +# General Information: -Both of these mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "Be careful to remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## how you provoked Yahweh ## +# Remember and do not forget + +Moses repeats the same command both positively and negatively to emphasize the importance of remembering. AT: "Be careful to remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# how you provoked Yahweh Here "you" refers to the Israelites that are present with Moses and also the Israelites of the previous generation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## to this place ## +# you came to this place, you have been rebellious ... you provoked ... with you to destroy you + +All instances of "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# to this place This refers to the Jordan River Valley. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/09.md b/deu/09/09.md index a8e84ebcaa..122c267252 100644 --- a/deu/09/09.md +++ b/deu/09/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses is reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past. -## the tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant ## +# the tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant that Yahweh made with you -These both refer to the stone tablets on which God wrote the 10 commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here the second phrase clarifies that "the tablets of stone" are the ones on which God wrote the Ten Commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## forty days and forty nights ## +# forty days and forty nights "40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## on them was written everything just like all the words that Yahweh announced to you ## +# on them was written everything just like all the words that Yahweh announced to you -AT: "Yahweh wrote on them everything he said to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh wrote on them the same words he had said to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh announced ... out of the middle of the fire + +It was as if Yahweh were a person standing in the middle of a fire and speaking with a loud voice. + +# on the day of the assembly + +The abstract noun "assembly" can be expressed as the verb "gather together." AT: "on the day when you Israelites all came and met together in one place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/11.md b/deu/09/11.md index b12ee571dd..a6d2b8558f 100644 --- a/deu/09/11.md +++ b/deu/09/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## forty days and forty nights ## +# forty days and forty nights "40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the two tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant ## +# the two tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant -These both refer to the 2 stone tablets on which God wrote the 10 commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The second phrase clarifies that "the two tablets of stone" are the ones on which God wrote the Ten Commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## They have quickly turned aside out of the path that I commanded them ## +# your people ... have corrupted themselves -AT: "They have already disobeyed my commands" \ No newline at end of file +"your people ... are doing what is wrong." See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/15.md). + +# They have quickly turned aside out of the path that I commanded them + +Moses speaks as if obeying God's commands were walking along a path. AT: "They have already disobeyed my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/13.md b/deu/09/13.md index 0ec95491d3..343f43074b 100644 --- a/deu/09/13.md +++ b/deu/09/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## blot out their name from under heaven ## +# blot out their name from under heaven -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 7:23](../07/23.md). \ No newline at end of file +"make their name disappear completely" or "kill them all so no one will ever remember them." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 7:24](../07/23.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/15.md b/deu/09/15.md index 17d0e4f7c5..238a1853f6 100644 --- a/deu/09/15.md +++ b/deu/09/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past. -## molded for yourselves a calf ## +# behold -The Israelites of the earlier generation had asked Aaron to make a metal calf so they could worship it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The word "behold" here shows that Moses was surprised by what he saw. -## You had turned away from the way that Yahweh had commanded you ## +# molded for yourselves a calf -AT: "You had disobeyed what Yahweh had commanded you" \ No newline at end of file +The Israelites of the earlier generation had asked Aaron to make a metal calf so they could worship it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You had quickly turned aside out of the path that Yahweh had commanded you + +Moses speaks as if obeying God's commands were walking along a path. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](./11.md). AT: "You had quickly disobeyed what Yahweh had commanded you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/17.md b/deu/09/17.md index 1bc658d3d2..1153b2f15b 100644 --- a/deu/09/17.md +++ b/deu/09/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -## I broke them before your eyes ## +# I broke them before your eyes -"I broke them right in front of you" +Here "your eyes" is a synecdoche for the people of Israel. AT: "I broke them right in front of you" or "I broke them where you could see them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## lay facedown before Yahweh ## +# lay facedown -Lying on the ground with the face turned downward is an expression of deep humility. +"lay with my face on the ground." This is a way of showing that Yahweh was great and Moses was not. -## forty days and forty nights ## +# forty days and forty nights "40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/19.md b/deu/09/19.md index 03796547e2..61d228542e 100644 --- a/deu/09/19.md +++ b/deu/09/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past. -## hot displeasure ## +# I was afraid of the anger and hot displeasure with which Yahweh was angry enough against you to destroy you -"extreme displeasure" \ No newline at end of file +The words "anger and hot displeasure" are a metonym for what Yahweh would do because he was angry and displeased. AT: "Yahweh was angry at you—he was extremely displeased with you—he was angry enough to destroy you, and so I was afraid of what he would do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/21.md b/deu/09/21.md index ec3efdc870..d37e3be889 100644 --- a/deu/09/21.md +++ b/deu/09/21.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -## I took your sin ## +# I took ... burned ... beat ... ground ... threw -Here "your sin" refers to the golden calf. AT: "I took your sinful idol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses probably commanded other men to do the actual work. AT: "I had people take ... burn ... beat ... grind ... throw" + +# your sin, the calf that you had made + +Here the gold calf itself referred to as their "sin." AT: "the calf, which you sinfully made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/22.md b/deu/09/22.md index 602ccdf179..3f310966be 100644 --- a/deu/09/22.md +++ b/deu/09/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -## Taberah, at Massah, and at Kibroth Hattaavah ## +# Taberah ... Massah ... Kibroth Hattaavah -The are names of places that the people of Israel went through while they were in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of places that the people of Israel went through while they were in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Go up and possess the land ## +# Go up -They were to invade and take the land for their own. +They were on low land, and the land Yahweh had told them to take was in the hills, so they had to go uphill to get to it. -## rebelled against the commandment ## +# rebelled against the commandment -They refused to obey Yahweh. +The word "commandment" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. AT: "rebelled against Yahweh; you did not obey the commandment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## listen to his his voice ## +# listen to his voice -AT: "obey what he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "his voice" means what God had said. AT: "obey what he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the day that I knew you + +"from the time I began to lead you." Some translations read "from the day that he knew you," the day that Yahweh first knew them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/25.md b/deu/09/25.md index 55f32dcda5..b9f7195cf5 100644 --- a/deu/09/25.md +++ b/deu/09/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -## I lay facedown before Yahweh ## +# lay facedown before Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:17](./17.md). +"lay with my face on the ground." See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:18](./17.md). -## forty days and forty nights ## +# forty days and forty nights "40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## that you have rescued through your greatness ## +# you have redeemed -God revealed His greatness to Egypt and Israel by leading Israel out of Egypt. +Moses speaks as if Yahweh had rescued the Israelites by paying money to free them from slavery. AT: "you have rescued" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## which you have brought out of Egypt with a mighty hand ## +# through your greatness -God revealed his mighty power. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "greatness" is a metonym for Yahweh's great power. AT: "through your great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with a mighty hand + +Here "a mighty hand" refers to Yahweh's power. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). AT: "with your mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/27.md b/deu/09/27.md index ae100f03ed..f633847345 100644 --- a/deu/09/27.md +++ b/deu/09/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues praying to Yahweh so that he may not destroy the people of Israel. -## Call to mind ## +# Call to mind -AT: "Remember" +This is an idiom. AT: "Remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## so that the land ## +# so that the land from where you brought us -AT: "so that the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The words "the land" are a metonym for the people of Egypt. AT: "so that the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## brought us should say ## +# should say -"brought us can say" +"can say" -## by your great strength and by the display of your power ## +# by your great strength and by the display of your power -These phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh's power that he used to rescue his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/09/intro.md b/deu/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6f4c04fe59 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's victory ##### +This chapter assures the Israelites that it is Yahweh who will empower them to conquer the Promised Land. The Israelites will not be strong enough on their own to conquer these other nations. This victory will be Yahweh's. The people did not earn this victory, but it is Yahweh's punishment of these sinful nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Israel's sin ##### +Yahweh is about to punish the Canaanites for their sin. He also reminds Israel of their sin. This serves as a warning to the people of Israel. If they sin again, Yahweh will punish them too. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/01.md b/deu/10/01.md index 8e0150ae68..962cab3732 100644 --- a/deu/10/01.md +++ b/deu/10/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. +# General Information: -## At that time ## +Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -AT: "After I finished praying" +# At that time -## like the first ## +"After I finished praying" -Yahweh is referring to the first tablets that Moses had broken. +# first -## on the mountain ## +"previous." This refers to the first set of tablets that Moses had broken. AT: "first tablets" or "first ones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -This is Mount Sinai. +# the mountain -## chest of wood ## - -AT: "wooden ark" or "wooden box" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Mount Sinai. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/03.md b/deu/10/03.md index ff5a569477..d1eced6892 100644 --- a/deu/10/03.md +++ b/deu/10/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. +# General Information: -## a chest ## +Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -"an ark" or "a box" +# first -## like the first ## +"previous." This refers to the first set of tablets that Moses had broken. AT: "first tablets" or "first ones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -AT: "just like the first 2 tablets of stone" - -## went up the mountain ## +# went up the mountain "went up Mount Sinai" -## out of the middle of the fire in the day of the assembly ## +# out of the middle of the fire -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:9](../09/09.md). \ No newline at end of file +It was as if Yahweh were a person standing in the middle of a fire and speaking with a loud voice. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:10](../09/09.md). + +# on the day of the assembly + +The abstract noun "assembly" can be expressed as the verb "gather together." See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:10](../09/09.md). AT: "on the day when you Israelites all came and met together in one place" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/05.md b/deu/10/05.md index 78f397bcea..0dd95c4936 100644 --- a/deu/10/05.md +++ b/deu/10/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## I turned ## +# General Information: + +Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past. + +# I turned Here "I" refers to Moses. -## came down from the mountain ## +# came down from the mountain "came down from Mount Sinai" -## in the chest ## +# in the ark -"in the ark" or "in the box" \ No newline at end of file +"in the box" or "in the chest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/06.md b/deu/10/06.md index d8624d1879..f0e8806016 100644 --- a/deu/10/06.md +++ b/deu/10/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -The narrative breaks to give a short travel log. +# General Information: -## The people of Israel…a land of streams of water ## +The writer gives a short account of where the Israelites had traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# The people of Israel ... a land of streams of water This gives background information about where the people of Israel traveled. It also covers Aaron's natural death in Moserah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Beeroth Bene Jaakan to Moserah…Gudgodah…Jotbathah ## +# Beeroth Bene Jaakan to Moserah ... Gudgodah ... Jotbathah These are names of different places the people of Israel went through while in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Beeroth Bene Jaakan ## +# Beeroth Bene Jaakan Translator may add a footnote: "The name 'Beeroth Bene Jaakan' means 'the wells that belonged to the people of Jaakan.'" -## Eleazar ## +# there he was buried + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that is where they buried him" or "the Israelites buried him there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Eleazar This is the name of Aaron's son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/08.md b/deu/10/08.md index 92fd395778..292fa1fc60 100644 --- a/deu/10/08.md +++ b/deu/10/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -This continues the background information. +# General Information: -## to bless people in his name, as today ## +The writer gives background information about the tribe of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -AT: "to bless people with the authority of Yahweh, as they are doing today" +# to stand before Yahweh to serve him -## no portion nor inheritance of land ## +This is an idiom. "to offer the sacrifices that Yahweh requires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of the promised land when they arrived there. +# in his name -## spoke to him ## +Here "name" refers to authority. AT: "as representatives of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"spoke to the tribe of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# as today + +"as they are doing today" + +# no portion nor inheritance of land + +The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of the promised land when they arrived there. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yahweh is his inheritance + +Yahweh speaks of the special relationship that Aaron and his descendants will have with him as if Yahweh were something that they will inherit. AT: "Yahweh is what they will have" or "Yahweh will allow them to serve him and he will provide for them through that service" + +# Yahweh your God + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "your" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# spoke to him + +"spoke to the tribe of Levi" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/10.md b/deu/10/10.md index 75c36c0de1..e2ba1cfc49 100644 --- a/deu/10/10.md +++ b/deu/10/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Moses resumes reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. -## as at the first time ## +# as at the first time -This means the first time Moses went up Mount Sinai to receive the stone tablets from Yahweh. +"first" is the ordinal number for one. Here it refers to the first time Moses went up Mount Sinai to receive the stone tablets from Yahweh. "as I did the first time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## forty days and forty nights ## +# forty days and forty nights "40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## possess the land ## +# destroy you -AT: "take ownership of the land" +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## their ancestors ## +# possess the land + +"take the land" or "take possession of the land" + +# their ancestors This refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. -## to give to them ## +# to give to them -"to give to the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file +"that I would give to you, their descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/12.md b/deu/10/12.md index 3d5309ff2d..52a9ef3615 100644 --- a/deu/10/12.md +++ b/deu/10/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Now, Israel ## +# General Information: -AT: “Now, people of Israel” or “Now, Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## what does Yahweh your God require of you...for your own good? ## +# Now, Israel -Moses uses a question to teach the people of Israel. AT: "Yahweh your God requires you to...for your own good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here the metonym "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "Now, people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## with all your heart and with all your soul ## +# what does Yahweh your God require of you, except to fear ... for your own good? -See how you translated this phrase in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). \ No newline at end of file +Moses uses a question to teach the people of Israel. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "this is what Yahweh your God requires you to do: to fear ... for your own good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to walk in all his ways + +Moses speaks as if obeying Yahweh were walking on a path. AT: "to obey all his commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with all your heart and with all your soul + +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all ... being." See how you translated these two phrases in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/14.md b/deu/10/14.md index 6c4e414d4f..d2fa1e17b0 100644 --- a/deu/10/14.md +++ b/deu/10/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## heaven...earth ## +# General Information: -These words are combined to mean that all things everywhere belong to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## the heaven of heavens ## +# Behold -This refers to the highest heavens where Yahweh dwells. \ No newline at end of file +The word "behold" emphasizes that what is said next is important. "Pay attention" or "Look" or "Listen" + +# heaven ... earth + +These words show two extremes, and are combined to mean that all things everywhere belong to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the heaven of heavens + +This refers to the highest places in the heavens. Everything in the heavens belong to God. + +# chose you + +Here the word "you" refers to all the Israelites and is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/16.md b/deu/10/16.md index b51a8eb340..2f9f0f23a6 100644 --- a/deu/10/16.md +++ b/deu/10/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## circumcise the foreskin of your heart ## +# Therefore -Moses is referring to a spiritual circumcision. This means the people must remove the sin from their lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Because of this" -## God of gods ## +# circumcise the foreskin of your heart -AT: "the supreme God" or "the only true God" +The word "foreskin" refers to the fold of skin on a man's private parts that is removed during circumcision. Here Moses is referring to a spiritual circumcision. This means the people must remove the sin from their lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Lord of lords ## +# God of gods -AT: "the supreme Lord" or "the greatest Lord" +"the supreme God" or "the only true God" -## the fearsome one ## +# Lord of masters -AT: "the one who causes people to fear" \ No newline at end of file +"the supreme Lord" or "the greatest Lord" + +# the fearsome one + +"the one who causes people to fear" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/18.md b/deu/10/18.md index 78d084c69d..2d87803ff6 100644 --- a/deu/10/18.md +++ b/deu/10/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## He executes justice for the fatherless ## +# He executes justice for the fatherless -AT: "Yahweh is just to the fatherless" +"Yahweh makes sure that people treat the fatherless justly" -## fatherless ## +# fatherless -children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them +These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. -## widow ## +# widow -A true widow is a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age. \ No newline at end of file +A true widow is a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age. + +# Therefore + +"Because of this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/20.md b/deu/10/20.md index 6fff301a7b..bbda4eafd7 100644 --- a/deu/10/20.md +++ b/deu/10/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## To him you must cling ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "You must rely on him" +# him will you worship -## by his name will you swear ## +"he is the one you must worship" -In God's name they will promise or commit to doing something. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 6:13](../06/13.md). +# To him you must cling -## which your eyes have seen ## +To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. AT: "You must rely on him" or "He is the one you must rely on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -They have seen God do great and fearsome things and miracles. AT: "which you yourselves saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# by his name will you swear + +To swear by the name of Yahweh means to make Yahweh the basis or the power on which the oath is made. Here "name" represents Yahweh himself. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 6:13](../06/13.md). AT: "you will swear and ask Yahweh to confirm it" or "when you swear you will speak his name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# which your eyes have seen + +Here "eyes" refers to the whole person. AT: "which you yourselves have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He is your praise + +Possible meanings are 1) "He is the one you must praise" or 2) "It is because you worship him that other peoples will praise you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/22.md b/deu/10/22.md index b8f66ed9d6..c0f8cbd9be 100644 --- a/deu/10/22.md +++ b/deu/10/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## went down into Egypt ## +# General Information: -AT: "traveled south to Egypt" or "went to Egypt" +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they are one man, so "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## seventy persons ## +# went down into Egypt + +"traveled south to Egypt" or "went to Egypt" + +# seventy persons "70 persons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## as many as the stars of the heavens ## +# as many as the stars of the heavens -This emphasizes the large number of Israelites that were with Moses. AT: “beyond what you can count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This emphasizes the large number of Israelites that were with Moses. AT: "more than you can count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/10/intro.md b/deu/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f3588e655a --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Deuteronomy 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter. + +This chapter focuses on retelling the great things Yahweh has done. It is a continuation of the material from the previous chapter. It is possible that this is a type of sermon or homily, where Moses is giving the people instructions. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/01.md b/deu/11/01.md index 36ea20eb6c..d49d5ea611 100644 --- a/deu/11/01.md +++ b/deu/11/01.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. + +# always keep + +"always obey" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/02.md b/deu/11/02.md index b524c11a41..c4e9daef3d 100644 --- a/deu/11/02.md +++ b/deu/11/02.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Notice that I am not speaking to your children ## +# who have not known nor have they seen -The only children present are those who were born in the wilderness. All the adults now listening to Moses were children at the time their parents rebelled against God in the desert. +"who have not experienced" -## his mighty hand ## +# his mighty hand, or his outstretched arm -AT: "his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "mighty hand" and "outstretched arm" are metaphors for Yahweh's power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). AT: "or his mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the midst of Egypt ## +# in the midst of Egypt -AT: "in Egypt" \ No newline at end of file +"in Egypt" + +# to all his land + +Here "land" represents the people. AT: "to all his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/04.md b/deu/11/04.md index 6426d1ff34..52816a8f50 100644 --- a/deu/11/04.md +++ b/deu/11/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Moses continues reminding the parents of what their children did not experience Yahweh do for them. +# General Information: -## Neither did they see what he did ## +Moses continues speaking to the adult Israelites who were old enough to see what God did in Egypt. -Moses is reminding the adults to tell their children all the miracles Yahweh did when they were children. +# Neither did they see what he did -## what he did ## +"Neither did your children see what Yahweh did" -"what Yahweh did" +# the army of Egypt -## they pursued after you ## +"the Egyptian soldiers" + +# they pursued after you Here "you" means the Israelites who were alive about 40 years earlier. -## to this place ## +# to this place This means the plain of the Jordan River Valley where Moses is speaking to them before they cross over into Canaan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/06.md b/deu/11/06.md index cc858bb1b4..593c1df652 100644 --- a/deu/11/06.md +++ b/deu/11/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues to remind the adults to teach their children God's mighty deeds. -## Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab ## +# Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab -Moses is referring to an event in the past when Dathan and Abiram rebelled against Moses and Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Moses is referring to an event in the past when Dathan and Abiram rebelled against Moses and Aaron. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up ## +# Dathan ... Abiram ... Eliab -This means the land split open and the people fell in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## But your eyes have seen ## +# son of Reuben -AT: "But you have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"descendant of Reuben" + +# earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up + +Yahweh causing the land to split open so that the people fell in is spoken of as if the land had a mouth and the ability to swallow people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# every living thing that followed them + +This refers to their servants and animals. + +# in the middle of all Israel + +This means all the people of Israel witnessed what happened to Dathan, Abiram, their families, and their possessions. + +# But your eyes have seen + +Here "eyes" represents the whole person. AT: "But you have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/08.md b/deu/11/08.md index 0826cf9993..7a89b6eb7c 100644 --- a/deu/11/08.md +++ b/deu/11/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## possess the land ## +# possess the land -AT: "take ownership of the land" +"take the land" -## a land flowing with milk and honey ## +# where you are going over to possess it -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "are going over" is used because the people of Israel will have to cross the Jordan River to enter into Canaan. + +# prolong your days + +Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/25.md). AT: "be able to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a land flowing with milk and honey + +This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). AT: "a land where plenty of milk and honey flow" or "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/10.md b/deu/11/10.md index fd17e5d2dd..d4e561a138 100644 --- a/deu/11/10.md +++ b/deu/11/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## watered it with your foot ## +# watered it with your foot -This means they had to get the water and carry it to the fields. They would also use their feet to dig channels in the dirt so the water could flow to the whole garden. +Possible meanings are 1) "foot" is a metonymy that represents the hard work of walking to carry water to the fields. AT: "worked hard to water it" or 2) they would use their feet to turn a water wheel that supplied water to the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## garden of herbs ## +# garden of herbs -AT: "vegetable garden" or "a garden of vegetables" +"vegetable garden" or "garden of vegetables" -## drinks water of the rain of the heaven ## +# drinks water of the rain of the heavens -The land is compared to a person who drinks rain water. AT: "watered by rain from the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The land receiving and absorbing a lot of rain is spoken of as if the land were drinking the water. AT: "the rain from the sky gives it plenty of water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the eyes of Yahweh your God are always upon it ## +# the eyes of Yahweh your God are always upon it -AT: "Yahweh your God is always watching over it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "eyes" represents attention and care. AT: "Yahweh your God is always watching over it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## from the beginning of the year to the end of the year ## +# from the beginning of the year to the end of the year -AT: "continuously throughout the entire year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the two extremes "beginning" and "end" are used together to mean the entire year. AT: "continuously throughout the entire year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/13.md b/deu/11/13.md index 4a72f6f77d..f3a52e559a 100644 --- a/deu/11/13.md +++ b/deu/11/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## It will happen, if ## +# It will happen, if This means that what Yahweh promises will happen if the Israelites obey his commands. -## that I command ## +# that I command Here "I" refers to Moses. -## with all your heart and with all your soul ## +# with all your heart and with all your soul -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). +The idiom "with all your heart" means "completely" and "with ... soul" means "with all your being." These two phrases have similar meanings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). AT: "with all your being" or "with all your energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## I will give the rain of your land in its season ## +# I will give the rain of your land in its season -The rain falling in the right months was very important for their crops. AT: "I will cause it to rain on your land in the proper season" +"I will cause it to rain on your land in the proper season" -## I will give ## +# I will give -Here "I" refers to Yahweh. +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in the third person. AT: "Yahweh will give" or "He will give" -## the former rain and the latter rain ## +# the former rain and the latter rain -This refers to rain at the beginning of the sowing season and rain for maturing the crops for harvest. AT: "the first rains and the later rains" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to rain at the beginning of the sowing season and rain for maturing the crops for harvest. AT: "the autumn rain and spring rain" or "the rain in the right seasons" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/16.md b/deu/11/16.md index 7b7c2f8245..532fe13fa5 100644 --- a/deu/11/16.md +++ b/deu/11/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Pay attention to yourselves ## +# Pay attention to yourselves -AT: "Be careful" or "Beware" +"Be careful" or "Beware" -## so that your heart is not deceived ## +# so that your heart is not deceived -The deception is thinking that they can worship other gods and Yahweh would not become angry. AT: "so that you do not deceive yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "heart" represents a person's desires or thoughts. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that your desires do not deceive you" or "so that you do not deceive yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## so that the anger of Yahweh is not kindled against you ## +# you turn aside and worship other gods -AT: "so that Yahweh does not become angry with you" +Rejecting Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if the person would physically turn and go in a different direction away from Yahweh. AT: "you start worshiping other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## so that he does not shut up the heavens, so that there will be no rain ## +# so that the anger of Yahweh is not kindled against you -AT: "so that he does not cause the rain to stop falling from the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +God becoming angry is spoken of as if it were a fire that were starting. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that Yahweh does not become angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so that he does not shut up the heavens so that there will be no rain, and the land will not yield its fruit + +God causing no rain to fall from the sky is spoken of as if he were closing the sky. AT: "so that he does not cause the rain to stop falling from the sky so that crops will not grow in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/18.md b/deu/11/18.md index 1561030822..3a88f0c0d9 100644 --- a/deu/11/18.md +++ b/deu/11/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## lay up these words in your heart and soul ## +# lay up these words of mine in your heart and soul -AT: "be very careful to remember what I am saying to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +A person always thinking about and considering what Moses commands is spoken of as if the heart and soul were a container and Moses's words were the content to fill the container. AT: "be very careful to remember these words that I am saying to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## bind them as a sign on your hand, and let them be as frontlets between your eyes ## +# these words of mine -See how you translated similar phrases in [Deuteronomy 6:8](../06/08.md). +"these commands that I have given you" -## when you sit in your house, when you walk on the road, when you lie down, and when you get up ## +# your heart and soul -They were to discuss God's commandments and teach them to their children anytime and anywhere. \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" and "soul" represent a person's mind or thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bind them + +"tie these words." This is a metonymy that represents a person writing the words on a parchment, putting the parchment in a pouch, and tying the pouch. This metonymy in turn may be a metaphor meaning the people must be careful to obey Moses's commands. See how you translated similar phrases in [Deuteronomy 6:8](../06/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as a sign on your hand + +"as something to make you remember my laws" + +# let them be as frontlets between your eyes + +"let my words be as as frontlets between your eyes." This is a metonymy that represents a person writing Moses' words on parchement, putting the parchement in a pouch, and tying the pouch so it sits between his eyes. This metonymy in turn may be a metaphor that means the person must be careful to obey all of Moses' commands. See how you translated similar phrases in [Deuteronomy 6:8](../06/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# frontlets + +ornaments a person wears on the forehead + +# when you sit in your house, when you walk on the road, when you lie down, and when you get up + +Using the different places "in your house" and "on the road," and the opposites "when you lie down" and "get up," represent anywhere, anytime. The people of Israel were to discuss God's commandments and teach them to their children anytime and anywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/20.md b/deu/11/20.md index 4fe3c838b7..41d40c527c 100644 --- a/deu/11/20.md +++ b/deu/11/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## on the doorposts of your house and on your city gates ## +# You will write them on the doorposts of your house and on your city gates -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:8](../06/08.md). +See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 6:9](../06/08.md). -## that your days may be multiplied ## +# that your days and the days of your children may be multiplied -AT: "that Yahweh may increase your days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Yahweh may cause you and your children to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to your fathers ## +# to your ancestors This refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. -## be as many days as the heavens are high above the earth ## +# to give them for as long as the heavens are above the earth -By this Moses means "forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This compares how long the people could stay in the land to how long the sky will exist above the earth. This is a way of saying "forever." AT: "to give them as a possession forever" or "to allow them to live there forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/22.md b/deu/11/22.md index d0116ee568..e6a9bd6347 100644 --- a/deu/11/22.md +++ b/deu/11/22.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## For if you diligently keep all these commandments that I am commanding you, so as to do them ## +# For if you diligently keep all these commandments that I am commanding you, so as to do them -AT: "For if you are careful to do everything that I have commanded you" +"For if you are careful to do everything that I have commanded you" -## walk in all his ways ## +# walk in all his ways -AT: "obey His commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +How Yahweh wants a person to live and behave is spoken of as if they are Yahweh's ways or roads. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh's ways or roads. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to cling to him ## +# to cling to him -AT: "to rely on him" or "to have a good relationship with him" +To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. AT: "to rely on him" or "to have a good relationship with him" Look at how similar words are translated in [Deuteronomy 10:20](../10/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## all these nations ## +# all these nations from before you, and you will dispossess nations -This refers to the people already living in Canaan. +Here "nations" represent the people groups already living in Canaan. AT: "all of these people groups from before you, and you will take the land from people groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you will dispossess nations ## +# larger and mightier than yourselves -AT: "you will take the land from nations" - -## larger and mightier than yourselves ## - -Though Israel's army is smaller and weaker than the nations living in Canaan, Yahweh will enable Israel to defeat them. \ No newline at end of file +Although Israel's army is smaller and weaker than the people groups living in Canaan, Yahweh will enable the people of Israel to defeat them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/24.md b/deu/11/24.md index 14f8ac9807..22d391da74 100644 --- a/deu/11/24.md +++ b/deu/11/24.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Every place where the sole of your foot will tread ## +# Every place where the sole of your foot will tread -AT: "Every place you go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "the sole of your foot" represents the whole person. AT: "Every place you go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## from the river, the Euphrates River ## +# from the river, the Euphrates River "from the Euphrates River" -## No man will be able to stand before you ## +# No man will be able to stand before you -"No one will be able to stop you" +The phrase "stand before you" is an idiom. AT: "No one will be able to stop you" or "No one will be able to oppose you" -## the fear of you and the terror of you ## +# Yahweh your God will lay the fear of you and the terror of you upon all the land that you tread on -The words "fear" and "terror" mean the same thing. They are combined to emphasize that the people in Canaan will be very afraid of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Yahweh causing the people to be very afraid is spoken of as if fear and terror were an object that he will place on the people. AT: "Yahweh your God will cause the people in every place you go to be very afraid of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## upon all the land that you tread on ## +# the fear of you and the terror of you -AT: "upon all the people in every place you go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "fear" and "terror" mean the same thing and emphasize the intensity of fear. AT: "a terrible fear of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# upon all the land that you tread on + +Here "the land" is a metonym for all the people in the land. AT: "upon all the people in every place you go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/26.md b/deu/11/26.md index e2feee6558..57bab2fba8 100644 --- a/deu/11/26.md +++ b/deu/11/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## Look, I set before you today a blessing and a curse ## +# General Information: -Here Moses summarizes the two options the people of Israel could choose. They could choose to obey and receive God's blessing or they could choose to disobey and receive God's punishment. \ No newline at end of file +Here Moses summarizes the two options the people of Israel could choose. They could choose to obey and receive God's blessing or they could choose to disobey and receive God's punishment. + +# Look + +"Pay attention" + +# I set before you today a blessing and a curse + +Allowing the people to choose whether they want God to bless them or curse them is spoken of as if a blessing and a curse were objects that Moses is setting in front of them. AT: "Today you must choose whether God will bless you or curse you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the blessing, if you ... the curse, if you + +The abstract nouns "blessings" and "curse" can be translated with verbs. AT: "God will bless you if you ... God will curse you if you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# but turn aside from the way that I command you today, to go after other gods + +The commands of Yahweh that Moses is telling the people are spoken of as if they were God's way or road. To not obey God's commands is spoken of as if people physically were to turn in another direction away from Yahweh to follow other gods. AT: "but stop obeying what I command you today, in order to worship other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# other gods that you have not known + +This refers to the gods that other people groups worship. The Israelites know Yahweh because he has revealed himself to them and they have experienced his power. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/29.md b/deu/11/29.md index 88a773df48..2d13094370 100644 --- a/deu/11/29.md +++ b/deu/11/29.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## that you will set the blessing ## +# you will set the blessing on Mount Gerizim, and the curse on Mount Ebal -AT: "you will proclaim the blessing" or "you will pronounce the blessing" +The blessing and the curse are spoken of as if they were objects that someone will set on the mountains. AT: "some of you must stand on top of Mount Gerazim and proclaim what will cause Yahweh to bless you, and the others must stand on top of Mount Ebal and proclaim what will cause Yahweh to curse you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Mount Gerizim...Mount Ebal ## +# Mount Gerizim ... Mount Ebal -These are names of mountains on the west side of the Jordan River. Ebal is on the north end of the valley of Shechem and Gerizim is on the south end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of mountains on the west side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Are they not beyond the Jordan...? ## +# Are they not beyond the Jordan ... Moreh? -The Israelites were on the eastern side of the Jordan River. Moses uses a question to remind the people about where these mountains are located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The Israelites are on the eastern side of the Jordan River. Moses uses a question to remind the people where these mountains are located. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "As you know, they are beyond the Jordan ... Moreh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## west of the western road ## +# beyond the Jordan -AT: "in the west" +"on the west side of the Jordan River" -## over against Gilgal ## +# west of the western road -This is probably not the same place as the city near Jericho. Moses is probably referring to a place that was near Shechem. AT: "near Gilgal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"in the west" -## oaks of Moreh ## +# over against Gilgal -This is near Shechem. This may be a place that people went to receive messages from their gods or to offer sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"near Gilgal" This may not be the same place as the city near Jericho. Moses may be referring to a place that is near Shechem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# oaks of Moreh + +These are sacred trees near Gilgal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/31.md b/deu/11/31.md index 57b5539218..a677d66a6a 100644 --- a/deu/11/31.md +++ b/deu/11/31.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## You will keep all the statutes and the decrees that I set before you today ## +# all the statutes and the decrees -These are not new decrees. Moses reviewed all the commands God gave their fathers before they rebelled against God and would not go in and take the land. \ No newline at end of file +These are the statutes and decrees Moses will give in Deuteronomy 12-26. + +# I set before you today + +This does not mean these are new. Moses is reviewing the same statutes and decrees that he gave 40 years earlier. + +# I set before you + +God's statutes and decrees, which Moses is telling the people, are spoken of as if they were objects that Moses is setting before the people. AT: "I am giving to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/11/intro.md b/deu/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..50d7d36d3b --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Deuteronomy 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Therefore ##### +This chapter begins with the word "therefore," which looks back to the instructions Moses gave in the previous two chapters. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Eyewitnesses ##### +The instruction that Moses gives and the retelling of the great things Yahweh has done for Israel are very important. This is because the generation entering into the Promised Land did not witness many of these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +##### Covenant ##### +This chapter is included in the covenant God made with Moses, even though it is not explicitly said. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/01.md b/deu/12/01.md index e7a324516c..99d48864b0 100644 --- a/deu/12/01.md +++ b/deu/12/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. -## you will keep ## +# you will keep "you must obey" -## all the days that you live on the earth ## +# all the days that you live on the earth -AT: "for as long as you live on that ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The phrase "live on the earth" is an idiom that means as long as a person lives. AT: "for as long as you live" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## You will surely destroy ## +# You will surely destroy "You must destroy" -## the nations that you will dispossess ## +# the nations that you will dispossess -AT: "the people whose land you will take" \ No newline at end of file +Here "nations" represents the people groups that live in Canaan. AT: "the people groups whose land you will take" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/03.md b/deu/12/03.md index ab119b50cc..a4ae1c927a 100644 --- a/deu/12/03.md +++ b/deu/12/03.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. -## and you will break down their altars ## +# You must break down their altars -AT: "you must pull apart the altars of those nations" or "you must destroy the altars of those nations" +"you must pull apart the altars of those nations" or "you must destroy the altars of those nations" -## dash in pieces ## +# dash in pieces -AT: "break into pieces" or "shatter" +"break into pieces" or "shatter" -## you will cut down ## +# destroy their name -"you must chop down" +Here "their name" represents "the memory of them." AT: "destroy them so completely that no one will remember them" or "destroy anything that represents these false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## destroy their name ## - -AT: "get rid of the memory of these false gods" or "destroy anything that represents these false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## that place ## +# that place This refers to each place where the nations worshiped their gods. -## You will not worship Yahweh your God like that ## +# You will not worship Yahweh your God like that -AT: "You should not worship Yahweh your God like those nations worshiped their gods" \ No newline at end of file +"You should not worship Yahweh your God like those nations worshiped their gods" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/05.md b/deu/12/05.md index 95639d2427..97b33ccc00 100644 --- a/deu/12/05.md +++ b/deu/12/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## But to the place ## +# the place that Yahweh your God will choose out of all your tribes to put his name -God will it make clear where they are to worship. +Here "his name" refers to God himself. Yahweh will choose one location where he will live and people will come to worship him there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## God will choose out of all your tribes ## - -From the territory divided between the tribes of Israel, Yahweh would choose one location for worship. - -## that will be the place where he lives ## - -AT: "he will make his dwelling there" - -## it is there that you will go ## +# it is there that you will go They will go to worship where God decides. -## your offerings for vows, your freewill offerings ## +# the offerings presented by your hand -These are types of offerings. AT: "your offerings to fulfill a vow, your voluntary offerings" +Here "hand" represents the whole person. AT: "the offerings that you present" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the firstborn of your herds and flocks ## +# your offerings for vows, your freewill offerings -God requires that every firstborn male be set apart for him. \ No newline at end of file +"your offerings to fulfill a vow, your voluntary offerings." These are types of offerings. + +# the firstborn of your herds and flocks + +God requires that the people give him every firstborn male of their livestock. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/07.md b/deu/12/07.md index f0e339799d..ec3ee60cdd 100644 --- a/deu/12/07.md +++ b/deu/12/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## It is there ## +# It is there This refers to the place that Yahweh will choose for the children of Israel to worship. -## rejoice about everything that you have put your hand to ## +# rejoice about everything that you have put your hand to -AT: "rejoice about everything you have worked for" or "rejoice in all that you have undertaken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "put your hand to" represents the whole person and work that he has done. AT: "rejoice about all the work you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/08.md b/deu/12/08.md index ead5c16077..2aec64f979 100644 --- a/deu/12/08.md +++ b/deu/12/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## You will not do all the things that we are doing here today ## +# You will not do all the things that we are doing here today -This means that they would worship in the promised land differently than how they were worshiping at that moment. They would have to follow the instructions of how Yahweh wanted them to worship. AT: "You will not do as we are doing here today" +"You will not do as we are doing here today." This means that they would worship in the promised land differently than the way they were worshiping at that moment. -## now everyone is doing whatever is right in his own eyes ## +# now everyone is doing whatever is right in his own eyes -AT: "everyone is doing what seems best to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "everyone is doing what he considers to be right" or "now everyone is doing what he judges to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## come to the rest ## +# to the rest -They will live in security in the land. AT: "come to the place of rest" +The abstract noun "the rest" can be stated as a verb. AT: "to the land where you will rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## to the inheritance ## +# to the inheritance that Yahweh your God is giving you -This refers to the land Yahweh would give them as a permanent gift. \ No newline at end of file +The land that God is giving to the people of Israel is spoken of as if it were a possession that a father leaves as an inheritance for his children. AT: "to the land that Yahweh your God is giving to you as a permanent possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/10.md b/deu/12/10.md index 7b1b72abeb..2a16f21813 100644 --- a/deu/12/10.md +++ b/deu/12/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## and live in the land ## +# live in the land This refers to the land of Canaan. -## when he gives you rest from all your enemies round about ## +# in the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit -AT: "after you have received relief from the enemies around you" or "when he gives you peace from all your enemies around you" +God giving the land of Canaan to the people of Israel is spoken of as if he were a father giving an inheritance to his children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## then it will happen that to the place where Yahweh your God will choose to cause his name to live ## +# he will give you rest from all your enemies round about -AT: "then to the place where Yahweh your God will choose as a dwelling for his name" +"he will give you peace from all your enemies around you" -## all your choice offerings for vows ## +# Then to the place where Yahweh your God will choose to cause his name to live there -AT: "all your voluntary offerings to fulfill vows" \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" represents God himself. AT: "Then to the place where Yahweh your God will choose to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the offerings presented by your hand + +Here "hand" represents the whole person. AT: "the offerings that you present" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all your choice offerings for vows + +"all your voluntary offerings to fulfill vows" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/12.md b/deu/12/12.md index e51a7a9686..376f6a5397 100644 --- a/deu/12/12.md +++ b/deu/12/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## rejoice before Yahweh ## +# rejoice before Yahweh "rejoice in the presence of Yahweh" -## the Levites who are within your gate ## +# the Levites who are within your gate -The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of land because Yahweh was to be their inheritance. Here "gate" refers to the towns or cities where the Levites lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "gates" is a reference to the city itself. AT: "the Levites who live inside your city" or "the Levites living with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# because he has no portion or inheritance among you + +The fact that Yahweh would not give any of the land to the Levites is spoken of as if a father were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he has no portion + +Here "he" refers to Levi. Levi represents all of his descendants. AT: "they have no portion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/13.md b/deu/12/13.md index 6c918f5026..fda22abb57 100644 --- a/deu/12/13.md +++ b/deu/12/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Pay attention to yourself ## +# Pay attention to yourself -AT: "Be careful" +"Be careful" -## every place that you see ## +# every place that you see -AT: "any place that pleases you" or "wherever you want" +"any place that pleases you" or "wherever you want" -## but it is at the place that Yahweh will choose ## +# but it is at the place that Yahweh will choose -The burnt offerings are to be made at the tabernacle. Where the tabernacle is located remains under Yahweh's control. \ No newline at end of file +The burnt offerings are to be made at the tabernacle. Yahweh himself would choose where the tabernacle would be located. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/15.md b/deu/12/15.md index dfa6b52929..ee07195731 100644 --- a/deu/12/15.md +++ b/deu/12/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## However, you may kill and eat animals within all your gates ## +# However, you may kill and eat animals within all your gates -The people could only kill animals as sacrifices in the place that Yahweh would choose. They could kill animals for food anywhere they wanted. +The people could only kill animals as sacrifices in the place that Yahweh would choose. They could kill animals for food anywhere they wanted. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the gazelle and the deer ## +# within all your gates + +Here "gates" represents the whole city. AT: "inside your city" or "at your homes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the unclean ... persons + +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the clean persons + +A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the gazelle and the deer These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. AT: "the antelope and the deer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## But you will not eat the blood ## +# But you will not eat the blood -The blood represents life and God did not allow the people to eat the blood along with the meat. \ No newline at end of file +The blood represents life and God did not allow the people to eat the blood along with the meat. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/17.md b/deu/12/17.md index 4d67128fd2..2ba1df9f99 100644 --- a/deu/12/17.md +++ b/deu/12/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## You may not eat within your gates... ## +Moses describes to the people all the special offerings and sacrifices that are to be made at the tabernacle. -Moses describes all the special offerings and sacrifices that are to be made at the tabernacle. +# within your gates -## within your gates ## +Here "gates" represents the whole city. AT: "inside your city" or "at your homes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "inside your city" or "at your homes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# nor that of the offering you present with your hand -## nor that of offering you present with your hand ## - -AT: "nor that of any offering which you bring to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" represents the whole person. AT: "nor that of any offering which you bring to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/18.md b/deu/12/18.md index bd8fdf5572..4b3ad341fa 100644 --- a/deu/12/18.md +++ b/deu/12/18.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## you will eat them ## +# you will eat them "you will eat your offerings" -## before Yahweh ## +# before Yahweh -AT: "in the presence of Yahweh" +"in the presence of Yahweh -## within your gate ## +# the Levite who is within your gates -AT: “inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "gate" represents the whole city AT: "any Levite who lives inside your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## everything that you put your hand to ## +# everything to which you put your hand -AT: "all you undertake" or "all that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "put your hand to" represents the whole person and work that he has done. AT: "rejoice about all the work you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Pay attention to yourself ## +# Pay attention to yourself -AT: "Be careful" +"Be careful" -## that you do not forsake ## +# that you do not forsake -Moses uses a negative comment to emphasize that the people must take care of the Levites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "that you take good care of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/20.md b/deu/12/20.md index d0ca83873e..20063b6daa 100644 --- a/deu/12/20.md +++ b/deu/12/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## enlarges your borders ## +# enlarges your borders -AT: "enlarges your territory" or "increases the size of your land" +"enlarges your territory" or "gives you even more land" -## I will eat flesh ## +# you say, 'I will eat flesh,' because of your desire to eat meat -AT: "I will eat the meat of an animal" +This is a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "and you decide that you want to eat meat" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## because your desire ## +# as your soul desires -AT: "because you want" or "because you crave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "soul" refers to the whole person. AT: "as you want" or "as you crave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/21.md b/deu/12/21.md index 0d5a37ed57..200d58fa38 100644 --- a/deu/12/21.md +++ b/deu/12/21.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## chooses to put his name there ## +# chooses to put his name -This refers to the place Yahweh would choose for the people to come worship him and offer sacrifices. AT: "chooses to dwell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "name" refers to God himself. Yahweh would choose a place where he will live and the people will come to worship him. AT: "chooses to dwell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## within your gates ## +# within your gates -AT: "within your community" or "inside your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "gates" represents the whole city." AT: "inside your city" or "within your community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## as your soul desires ## +# as your soul desires -AT: "as you desire" +Here "soul" refers to the whole person. AT: "as you desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Like the gazelle and the deer are eaten ## +# Like the gazelle and the deer are eaten -AT: "Just like you eat the gazelle and the deer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Just like you eat the gazelle and the deer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## gazelle and the deer ## +# gazelle and the deer -See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 12:15](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file +These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 12:15](./15.md). + +# the unclean ... persons + +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the clean persons + +A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/23.md b/deu/12/23.md index 773f6f7350..815979cc54 100644 --- a/deu/12/23.md +++ b/deu/12/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## what is right in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# the blood is the life -AT: “what is right according to Yahweh's judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the way that blood sustains life is spoken of as if the blood were life itself. AT: "the blood sustains life" or "the blood causes animals and people to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will not eat the life with the meat + +The word "life" here represents the blood that sustains life. AT: "You will not eat what sustains life with the meat" or "you will not eat the blood, which sustains life, with the meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what is right in the eyes of Yahweh + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what is right in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/26.md b/deu/12/26.md index d13829174b..0ea63001ff 100644 --- a/deu/12/26.md +++ b/deu/12/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## offerings for your vows ## +# offerings for your vows -AT: "offerings to fulfill vows" or "vow offerings" +"offerings to fulfill vows" or "vow offerings" -## the blood of your sacrifices will be poured out ## +# the blood of your sacrifices will be poured out -AT: "the priest will pour out the blood of the sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the priest will pour out the blood of the sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you will eat the flesh ## +# you will eat the flesh -God's law specifies what parts of the animal are for the burnt offering, what parts are for the priest and what parts are for the offerer to eat. AT: "you will eat some of the meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +God's law specifies which parts of the animal are for the burnt offering, which parts are for the priest and which parts are for the offerer to eat. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "you will eat some of the meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/28.md b/deu/12/28.md index 5d542bc3ec..7b2a87373c 100644 --- a/deu/12/28.md +++ b/deu/12/28.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Observe and listen to all these words that I command you ## +# Observe and listen to all these words that I command you -AT: "Carefully listen to and obey everything that I am commanding you" +"Carefully listen to and obey everything that I am commanding you" -## that it may go well with you and with your children after you ## +# that it may go well with you and with your children after you -AT: "that you and your descendants may prosper" +Here "children" means all of their descendants. AT: "that you and your descendants may prosper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## when you do what is good and right ## +# when you do what is good and right -The words "good" and "right" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: “when you do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "good" and "right" have similar meanings and emphasize the importance of right behavior. AT: "when you do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# what is good and right in the eyes of Yahweh -This is according to what Yahweh considers right behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what is good and right in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be good and right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/29.md b/deu/12/29.md index 37ba27460d..7f2e3588ca 100644 --- a/deu/12/29.md +++ b/deu/12/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## cuts off the nations before you ## +# cuts off the nations -Here "nations" refers to the people already living in Canaan. AT: "destroys the nations before you" +Yahweh destroying the people groups in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## when you go in to dispossess them, and you dispossess them ## +# the nations -AT: "when you take everything from them" +Here "nations" represents the people living in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## pay attention to yourself ## +# when you go in to dispossess them, and you dispossess them -AT: "be careful" +"when you take everything from them" -## that you are not trapped into following them...trapped into investigating their gods, into asking ## +# pay attention to yourself -This means acting like the other people groups and worshiping their gods would lead the people of Israel to ruin like an animal caught in a hunter's trap. AT: "that no one causes you to act like the nations...causes you to ask about their gods, saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"be careful" -## after they are destroyed from before you ## +# that you are not trapped into following them ... trapped into investigating their gods, into asking -AT: "after Yahweh destroys them from before you" \ No newline at end of file +A person learning about and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they are caught in a hunter's trap. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you do not act like them ... that you do try to learn about their gods, asking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# not trapped into following them + +The Israelites worshiping idols as the people groups of Canaan worship idols is spoken of as if the Israelites were following behind the other people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# after they are destroyed from before you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after Yahweh destroys them before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# into asking, 'How do these nations worship their gods? I will do the same.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "into asking about how those people groups worship their gods so that you can do the same." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/31.md b/deu/12/31.md index 797949ba46..dbd1ec9b88 100644 --- a/deu/12/31.md +++ b/deu/12/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Do not add to it or take away from it ## +# Do not add to it or take away from it -They are not to create more laws nor are they to ignore laws that God specified. \ No newline at end of file +They are not to create more laws nor are they to ignore laws that God has given them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/12/intro.md b/deu/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..299f441469 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Deuteronomy 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Covenant with Moses ##### + +This chapter is a continuation of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. The reasons for these food restrictions are not always known.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Israel and Yahweh ##### + +In the ancient Near East, when nations conquered other nations, they often added the gods of the conquered nation into their collection of gods they worshiped. It was rare to worship only one God. Israel was to be known for worshiping Yahweh and Yahweh alone. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/01.md b/deu/13/01.md index a6c44c6f2e..bc6e4b3e29 100644 --- a/deu/13/01.md +++ b/deu/13/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## If there arises among you ## +# If there arises among you -AT: "If there appears among you" or "If someone among you claims to be" +"If there appears among you" or "If someone among you claims to be" -## a dreamer of dreams ## +# a dreamer of dreams This is someone who receives messages from God through dreams. -## a sign or a wonder ## +# a sign or a wonder -This refers to a prophecy or miracle that demonstrates God's power. +These two words have similar meanings and refer to various miracles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## comes about ## +# comes about -AT: "takes place" or "happens" +"takes place" or "happens" -## of which he spoke to you and said, 'Let us go after other gods, that you have not known, and let us worship them ## +# of which he spoke to you and said, 'Let us go after other gods, that you have not known, and let us worship them,' -This could be translated as an indirect quote. AT: "and he tells you to serve and worship other gods which you have not known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +This can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "and he tells you to serve and worship other gods which you have not known," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## love Yahweh your God with all your heart and with all your soul ## +# Let us go after other gods -AT: “earnestly love Yahweh your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they were going after or following other gods. AT: "Let us follow other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# go after other gods, that you have not known + +The phrase "gods, that you have not known" refers to the gods that other people groups worship. The Israelites know Yahweh because he has revealed himself to them and they have experienced his power. + +# do not listen to the words of that prophet, or to that dreamer of dreams + +"do not listen to what that prophet say nor to what the dreamer of dreams says" + +# with all your heart and with all your soul + +The idiom "with all your heart" means "completely" and "with ... soul" means "with all your being." These two phrases have similar meaning. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). AT: "with all your being" or "with all your energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/04.md b/deu/13/04.md index f53f4a8a0e..55bcd5ac6c 100644 --- a/deu/13/04.md +++ b/deu/13/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## obey his voice ## +# You will walk after Yahweh your God -AT: “obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people were walking after or following Yahweh. AT: "You will obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## cling to him ## +# obey his voice -AT: "rely on him" +Here "voice" represents what Yahweh says. AT: "obey what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## will be put to death ## +# cling to him -AT: "you must kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. AT: "rely on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he has spoken rebellion ## +# will be put to death -AT: "he has tried to make you rebel" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## who redeemed you out of the house of bondage ## +# he has spoken rebellion -AT: “who rescued you out of the place where you were slaves” +The abstract noun "rebellion" can be stated as a verb. AT: "he has tried to make you rebel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## draw you out of the way that Yahweh your God commanded you to walk in ## +# who redeemed you out of the house of bondage -AT: "to make you disobey what Yahweh your God commanded" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people out of slavery. AT: "who rescued you out of the place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of bondage + +Here "house of bondage" represents Egypt where the people of Yahweh had been slaves. AT: "Egypt where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# draw you out of the way in which Yahweh your God commanded you to walk + +How God wants a person to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road on which God wants his people to walk. A person trying to cause someone else to stop obeying God is spoken of as if the person were trying to get the other person to stop walking on God's way or road. AT: "make you disobey what Yahweh your God commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So put away the evil from among you + +Here "the evil" refers to the evil person or the evil behavior. This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "So you must remove from among the people of Israel the person who does this evil thing" or "So you must kill this evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/06.md b/deu/13/06.md index e2dbb98a75..f9b2a7997c 100644 --- a/deu/13/06.md +++ b/deu/13/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## wife of your bosom ## +# wife of your bosom -AT: "wife you love" or "wife you dearly embrace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +A bosom is a person's chest. This is a idiom that he holds close to his chest, which means he loves and cherishes her. AT: "wife you love" or "wife you dearly embrace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## friend who is to you like your own soul ## +# friend who is to you like your own soul -AT: "your dearest friend" or "a friend you love as much as you love yourself" +Here "soul" represents the person's life. This means the person cares for his friend as much as he cares for his own life. AT: "your dearest friend" or "a friend you love as much as you love yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## secretly entices you and says, 'Let us go and worship...other end of the earth ## +# secretly entices you and says, 'Let us go and worship ... other end of the earth.' -This could be translated as an indirect quote. AT: "secretly tries to convince you to go and worship...other end of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +This can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "secretly tries to convince you to go and worship ... other end of the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## that are round about you ## +# that are round about you "that are around you" -## from one end of the earth to the other end of the earth ## +# from the one end of the earth to the other end of the earth -AT: "throughout the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the reference to the two extremes of the earth means "everywhere on earth." AT: "throughout the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/08.md b/deu/13/08.md index 5b9a536441..8e5d2b86b8 100644 --- a/deu/13/08.md +++ b/deu/13/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Do not consent to him ## +# You must not give in to him -AT: "Do not give in" or "Do not agree" +"Do not agree to what he wants" -## Neither must your eye pity him ## +# you must not permit your eye to pity him -AT: "Neither will you look at him with pity" or “Neither will you feel sorry for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "your eye" refers to the whole person. AT: "you msut not look at him with pity" or "you must not show him mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## neither will you spare him or conceal him ## +# you must not spare him or conceal him -AT: "neither will you show him mercy or hide from others what he has done" +"you must not show him mercy or hide from others what he has done" -## your hand will be the first on him to put him to death ## +# your hand will be the first on him to put him to death -This means that he was to throw the first stone at the guilty person. The word "hand" refers to the entire person. AT: "you must be the first to strike him to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This means that he was to throw the first stone at the guilty person. The word "hand" represents the whole person. AT: "you must be the first to strike him to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the hand of all the people ## +# the hand of all the people -AT: "the other people will join you" \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" represents the whole person. AT: "the other people will join you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/10.md b/deu/13/10.md index 18a0f0d9ce..80e3b94dd8 100644 --- a/deu/13/10.md +++ b/deu/13/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## to draw you away from ## +# he has tried to draw you away from Yahweh -AT: "to turn you away from" or "to make you disobey" +"to turn you away from Yahweh." A person trying to cause someone else to stop obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were trying to cause someone to physically turn around and leave Yahweh. AT: "he has tried to make you disobey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## out of the house of bondage ## +# out of the house of bondage -AT: “out from the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "house of bondage" represents Egypt where the people of Yahweh had been slaves. AT: "out from the place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# All Israel will hear and fear + +It is implied that when the people hear about the person who was executed, they will be afraid to act like he did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/12.md b/deu/13/12.md index f1f688bbeb..eda5e9a938 100644 --- a/deu/13/12.md +++ b/deu/13/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## have gone out from among you ## +# Some wicked fellows have gone out from among you -The wicked men were Israelites. +The phrase "from among you" means that these wicked men were Israelites who lived in their communities. -## have drawn away the inhabitants of their city and said, 'Let us go and worship other gods that you have not known ## +# have drawn away the inhabitants of their city and said, 'Let us go and worship other gods that you have not known.' -This can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "have persuaded those who live in their city to go and worship other gods that they have not known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +This can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "have persuaded those who live in their city to go and worship other gods that they have not known." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## examine the evidence, make search, and investigate it thoroughly ## +# have drawn away the inhabitants of their city -All of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Moses is emphasizing that they must carefully find out what truly happened at the city. +A person causing someone else to stop obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person has caused the other person to physically turn and leave Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that such a detestable thing has been done among you ## +# examine the evidence, make search, and investigate it thoroughly -AT: "that the people of the city have done such a terrible thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +All of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Moses is emphasizing that they must carefully find out what truly happened at the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# that such an abominable thing has been done among you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the people of the city have done such a terrible thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/15.md b/deu/13/15.md index ff06031e08..f3c715b778 100644 --- a/deu/13/15.md +++ b/deu/13/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## with the edge of the sword ## +# with the edge of the sword -To kill everyone with their swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "edge" represents the whole sword. AT: "with your swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## spoil ## +# all the spoil -This means the possessions and treasures that an army collects after winning a battle. AT: "plunder" +"all the plunder." This refers to the possessions and treasures that an army collects after winning a battle. -## heap of ruins ## +# heap of ruins "pile of ruins" -## it must never be built again ## +# it must never be built again -AT: "no one must ever rebuild the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one must ever rebuild the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/17.md b/deu/13/17.md index b07045f48c..dc354603f2 100644 --- a/deu/13/17.md +++ b/deu/13/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## None of those things consigned for destruction must stick in your hand ## +# None of those things set apart for destruction must stick in your hand -AT: "You must not keep any of the things God has commanded you to destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Yahweh cursing something and promising to destroy it is spoken of as if Yahweh were setting the object apart from other things. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must not keep any of the things God has commanded you to destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you are listening to the voice of Yahweh ## +# must stick in your hand -AT: “you are obeying what Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is a way of saying a person keeps something. AT: "must you keep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## which is right in the eyes of Yahweh your God ## +# Yahweh will turn from the fierceness of his anger -AT: “which is right according to Yahweh your God” or “what Yahweh your God considers to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh no longer being angry is spoken of as his anger were an object and Yahweh physically turns away from it. AT: "Yahweh will stop being angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to your fathers + +Here "fathers" means ancestors or forefathers. + +# you are listening to the voice of Yahweh + +Here "voice" represents what Yahweh says. AT: "you are obeying what Yahweh says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that which is right in the eyes of Yahweh your God + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "that which is right in Yahweh's judgment" or "that which Yahweh your God considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/13/intro.md b/deu/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fba6e56d02 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Deuteronomy 13 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Worshiping other gods ##### + +The people were required to listen to Yahweh's prophets unless they were encouraging the people to worship other gods. The punishment for anyone leading the people to worship other gods was death. These instructions were to keep Israel's worship of Yahweh pure. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/01.md b/deu/14/01.md index 9b89c1b262..8241330c5a 100644 --- a/deu/14/01.md +++ b/deu/14/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Do not cut yourselves, nor shave any part of your face for the dead ## +# You are the people ... you are a nation ... has chosen you -These were ways the people groups living in Canaan grieved over people who had died. Moses is telling the people of Israel not to act like them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +All occurrences of "you" refer to the people of Israel. Moses was included as a part of the people. AT: "We are the people ... we are a nation ... has chosen us" -## nor shave any part of your face ## +# Do not cut yourselves, nor shave any part of your face for the dead -AT: "nor shave the front of your head" +These were ways the people groups living in Canaan showed that they were grieving over people who had died. Moses is telling the people of Israel not to act like them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## a people for his own possession ## +# nor shave any part of your face -AT: "a people for his treasured possession" or "his people" +"nor shave the front of your head" -## more than all peoples that are on the surface of the earth ## +# For you are a nation ... surface of the earth -AT: "out of all the people groups in the world" \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 7:6](../07/06.md). + +# you are a nation that is set apart to Yahweh your God + +Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh your God has set you apart from other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh has chosen you to be a people for his own possession + +This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. They both mean that the people of Israel belong to Yahweh in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# a people for his own possession + +"a people for his treasured possession" or "his people" + +# more than all peoples that are on the surface of the earth + +"out of all the people groups in the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/03.md b/deu/14/03.md index 8a302fbd13..3960d2d7a3 100644 --- a/deu/14/03.md +++ b/deu/14/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## You must not eat any disgusting thing ## +# You must not eat any abominable thing -The people of Israel were not supposed to eat anything that God said was unclean. +The people of Israel were not supposed to eat anything that God said was unfit for eating. -## the gazelle ## +# the deer, the gazelle, the roebuck -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md). +These are all types of deer. If your language does not have a word for each animal it can be translated as "all kinds of deer." -## the roebuck ## +# the gazelle + +This is wild animal with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md). + +# the roebuck a type of deer (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## the ibex ## +# ibex, and the antelope -a type of mountain goat (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these are types of antelope. If your language does not have a word for each animal it can be translated as "all kinds of antelope." + +# ibex + +a type of antelope (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/06.md b/deu/14/06.md index e9e0fd6e25..bd6400456d 100644 --- a/deu/14/06.md +++ b/deu/14/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## that parts the hoof ## +# that parts the hoof -This is a hoof that is split into two parts instead of being one whole. AT: "that have split hooves" (UDB) +"that have split hooves." This is a hoof that is split into two parts instead of being one whole. -## chews the cud ## +# chews the cud -This is an animal that brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again. +This means the animal brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again. -## rabbit ## +# rabbit -a small animal with long ears that usually lives in holes in the ground (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +This is a small animal with long ears that usually lives in holes in the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## rock badger ## +# rock badger -a small animal that lives in rocky places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a small animal that lives in rocky places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# they are unclean for you + +Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/08.md b/deu/14/08.md index 5e8a5f9a03..a56408f92c 100644 --- a/deu/14/08.md +++ b/deu/14/08.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this verse. \ No newline at end of file +# The pig is unclean for you + +Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/09.md b/deu/14/09.md index c3a1e4287e..6008f12e07 100644 --- a/deu/14/09.md +++ b/deu/14/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Of these things that are in water you may eat ## +# Of these things that are in water you may eat -AT: "You may eat these kinds of animals that live in the water" +"You may eat these kinds of animals that live in the water" -## fins ## +# fins the thin, flat part which the fish uses to move through the water -## scales ## +# scales -the small plates that cover the body of the fish \ No newline at end of file +the small plates that cover the body of the fish + +# they are unclean for you + +Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/11.md b/deu/14/11.md index b26b6af617..ab244cc481 100644 --- a/deu/14/11.md +++ b/deu/14/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## eagle…vulture…osprey…red kite…black kite…falcon ## +# All clean birds + +An animal that God says is fit for his people to eat is spoken of as if the animal were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# eagle ... vulture ... osprey ... red kite ... black kite ... falcon These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/14.md b/deu/14/14.md index a25105bbe3..3b6e66aec9 100644 --- a/deu/14/14.md +++ b/deu/14/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,3 @@ -## raven...cormorant ## +# raven ... cormorant -These are types birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -## ostrich ## - -"desert owl" - -## sea gull ## - -"long-eared owl" - -## pelican ## - -"horned owl" - -## cormorant ## - -"fisher owl" \ No newline at end of file +These are all types of birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/18.md b/deu/14/18.md index 29a6ea9ec5..09aa057556 100644 --- a/deu/14/18.md +++ b/deu/14/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## stork...heron, the hoopoe ## +# stork ... heron, the hoopoe -These are types of birds that eat rodents and lizards. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +These are types of birds that eat small animals and lizards. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## the bat ## +# the bat animal with wings and furry body which is awake mainly at night and eats insects and rodents -## all winged, swarming things ## +# All winged, swarming things -This a a ban on flying insects that move in large groups. +This means all flying insects that move in large groups. -## they must not be eaten ## +# are unclean for you -AT: "you must not eat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Animals that God says are unfit for his people to eat are spoken of as if the animals are physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they must not be eaten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must not eat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all clean flying things + +Animals that God says are fit for his people to eat are spoken of as if the animals are physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/21.md b/deu/14/21.md index 4d80aaf749..69fe51a650 100644 --- a/deu/14/21.md +++ b/deu/14/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## anything that dies of itself ## +# anything that dies of itself This means an animal that dies a natural death. -## the foreigner who is within your gate ## +# For you are a nation that is set apart to Yahweh your God -AT: "the foreigner who is in your town" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For Yahweh your God has set you apart from other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/22.md b/deu/14/22.md index 2dbae8f097..bee6a6f3b1 100644 --- a/deu/14/22.md +++ b/deu/14/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## tithe all the yield ## +# tithe all the yield of your seed -These tithes are seasonal. The Jewish people are to come together regularly to celebrate theses feasts. +This means they are to give one part out of every ten equal parts from their crops. -## year after year ## +# year after year -AT: "every year" \ No newline at end of file +"every year" + +# before Yahweh + +"in the presence of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/24.md b/deu/14/24.md index 5c4b3ff060..f3c92b34a3 100644 --- a/deu/14/24.md +++ b/deu/14/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## carry it ## +# carry it -Here "it" refers to the tithe of crops and herds the people were to bring to Yahweh's sanctuary. +Here "it" refers to the tithe of crops and livestock. -## you will convert the offering into money ## +# you will convert the offering into money -AT: "you will sell your offering for money" +"you will sell your offering for money" -## tie up the money in your hand, and go ## +# tie up the money in your hand, and go -AT: "put the money in a bag and take it with you" \ No newline at end of file +"put the money in a bag and take it with you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/26.md b/deu/14/26.md index 1d5ec1b0a9..7a5123fcb3 100644 --- a/deu/14/26.md +++ b/deu/14/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## for whatever you desire ## +# for whatever you desire -"for whatever you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"for whatever you want" -## The Levite who is within your gates ## +# before Yahweh -AT: "The Levite who lives in your towns" +"in the presence of Yahweh" -## do not forsake him ## +# The Levite who is within your gates -AT: "make sure to give some of your tithe to the Levite" +Here "gate" represents the entire city or town. AT: "Any Levite who lives in your towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## for he has no portion nor inheritance with you ## +# do not forsake him -This means he does not own land. Yahweh is the inheritance for the Levites. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "make sure to give some of your tithe to the Levite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# for he has no portion nor inheritance with you + +The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of land as their inheritance. Their share of the inheritance was the honor of serving Yahweh as his priests. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# no portion nor inheritance with you + +God not giving land to the Levites is spoken of as if he were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/28.md b/deu/14/28.md index 6c177c0e0a..e20c8ba22a 100644 --- a/deu/14/28.md +++ b/deu/14/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## every three years you will present all the tithe of your produce ## +# every three years you will present all the tithe of your produce -Once every 3 years the Jews were to give their tithe to the town so that it would be used to provide for the Levites, orphans, widows and foreigners. +Once every 3 years the Israelites were to store their tithes within their own towns so that it would be used to provide for the Levites, orphans, widows and foreigners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## fatherless ## +# within your gates -children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them +Here "gates" represents the entire city or town. AT: "inside your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## widow ## +# because he has no portion nor inheritance with you -a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age \ No newline at end of file +God not giving any land to the Levites is spoken of as if he were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fatherless + +These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. + +# widow + +This is a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age. + +# in all the work of your hand that you do + +Here "hand" represents the whole person. This refers to the work that someone does. AT: "in all the work you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/14/intro.md b/deu/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e136e896e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 14 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Law of Moses ##### +This chapter is part of the law of Moses, which is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Clean animals ##### +There are animals which the law considered to be clean and unclean. The people were not allowed to eat the unclean animals. Scholars are uncertain about the reasons for the animals to be considered to be clean or unclean. The result of these food restrictions was a nation that was different than the nations surrounding it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/01.md b/deu/15/01.md index fb9c14f2e5..6c06883e7a 100644 --- a/deu/15/01.md +++ b/deu/15/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## seven years ## +# seven years -"7 years" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]]) +"7 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## you must cancel debts ## +# you must cancel debts -AT: "forgive every thing which people still owe you" +"forgive every thing which people still owe you" -## This is the manner of their release ## +# This is the manner of the release -AT: "This is how to cancel debts" +"This is how to cancel the debts" -## creditor ## +# creditor a person who lends money to other people -## his neighbor or his brother ## +# his neighbor or his brother -Both of these words mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "his fellow Israelite" or "his neighbor and his brother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "neighbor" and "brother" share similar meanings and emphasize the close relationship that they have with their fellow Israelites. AT: "his fellow Israelite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## because Yahweh’s cancellation of debts has been proclaimed ## +# because Yahweh's cancellation of debts has been proclaimed -AT: "because Yahweh has required that you cancel debts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because Yahweh has required that you cancel debts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## your hand must release ## +# your hand must release -AT: “you must not demand it back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "you must not demand it back" or "you must not require repayment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/04.md b/deu/15/04.md index 76e01323af..5adf00d1d7 100644 --- a/deu/15/04.md +++ b/deu/15/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## the land that he gives ## +# no poor + +The nominal adjective "poor" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "no poor people" or "no one who is poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the land that he gives This refers to the land of Canaan. -## if only you diligently listen to the voice of Yahweh your God ## +# he gives you as an inheritance to possess -AT: “if only you are careful to obey what Yahweh your God says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The land that Yahweh is giving to his people is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Yahweh is giving them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you will rule over many nations, but they will not rule over you ## +# if only you diligently listen to the voice of Yahweh your God -This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. It emphasizes that the people of Israel will be financially superior to the other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the metonym "voice of Yahweh" refers to what Yahweh himself says. AT: "if only you are careful to obey what Yahweh your God says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will lend ... you will not borrow + +The word "money" is understood. You can make the full meaning of this statement clear. AT: "you will lend money ... you will not borrow money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to many nations ... over many nations + +Here "nations" represents the people. AT: "to the people of many nations ... over the people of many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will rule over many nations, but they will not rule over you + +Here "rule over" means to be financially superior. This means basically the same thing as the previous part of the sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/07.md b/deu/15/07.md index 69441bf375..4b218c11db 100644 --- a/deu/15/07.md +++ b/deu/15/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## within any of your gates ## +# If there is a poor man -AT: “within any of your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "man" means a person in general. AT: "If there is a poor person" -## you must not harden your heart nor shut your hand from your poor brother ## +# one of your brothers -AT: "do not be stubborn and refuse to help him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"one of your fellow Israelites" -## but you must surely open your hand to him ## +# within any of your gates -AT: "but you must surely help him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "gates" represents the entire city or town. AT: "within any of your towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you must not harden your heart + +Being stubborn is spoken of as if the person hardened their heart. AT: "you must not be stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# nor shut your hand from your poor brother + +A person who refuses to provide for a poor person is spoken of as if he were shutting his hand so that the poor person cannot get anything from him. AT: "nor refuse to help your fellow Israelite who is poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but you must surely open your hand to him + +A person who helps a poor person is spoken of as if he were opening his hand to him. AT: "but you must surely help him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/09.md b/deu/15/09.md index 45b7644b34..fbd5115ac8 100644 --- a/deu/15/09.md +++ b/deu/15/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## not to have a wicked thought in your heart, saying ## +# not to have a wicked thought in your heart, saying -AT: "not to think this wicked thought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "heart" represents a person's mind. AT: "not to think a wicked thought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the year of release ## +# The seventh year, the year of release, is near -AT: "the year to cancel debts" +It is implied that because the year of release will happen soon, the person thinking this will be reluctant to help a poor person since it is likely that the poor person will not have to pay him back. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## so that you not be stingy in regard to your poor brother and give him nothing ## +# The seventh year -AT: "so that you are not stubborn and refuse to give anything to your fellow Israelite" +The word "seventh" is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## cry out to Yahweh ## +# the year of release -AT: "shout to Yahweh for help" +"the year to cancel debts" -## your heart must not be sorry ## +# is near -AT: "you should not regret it" or "you should be happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Something that will happen soon is spoken of as if it were physically near. AT: "will happen soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in all that you put your hand to ## +# so that you will not be stingy in regard to your poor brother and give him nothing -AT: "in all you do" \ No newline at end of file +"so that you are not stubborn and refuse to give anything to your fellow Israelite" + +# cry out to Yahweh + +"shout to Yahweh for help" + +# it would be sin for you + +"Yahweh will consider what you have done to be sinful" + +# your heart must not be sorry + +Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "you should not regret it" or "you should be happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# in all that you put your hand to + +Here "put your hand to" represents the whole person and work that he has done. AT: "in all that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/11.md b/deu/15/11.md index e552c6f14b..6478c37a49 100644 --- a/deu/15/11.md +++ b/deu/15/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## open your hand to your brother, to your needy, and to your poor ## +# For the poor will never cease to exist in the land -The words "needy" and "poor" mean the same thing. AT: "help your poor fellow Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "For there will always be poor people in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# For the poor + +The nominal adjective "the poor" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "For poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# I command you and say, 'You must surely open your hand ... in your land.' + +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "I command you to open your hand ... in your land" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# open your hand to your brother, to your needy, and to your poor + +A person who is willing to help someone else is spoken of as if his hand were open. AT: "help your fellow Israelite, those who are needy, and those who are poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your brother, to your needy, and to your poor + +The words "needy" and "poor" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. AT: "help your fellow Israelites who cannot help themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/12.md b/deu/15/12.md index da56448453..ae226bc3a1 100644 --- a/deu/15/12.md +++ b/deu/15/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## is sold to you ## +# If your brother -If a person could not repay their debts, they sometimes sold themselves into slavery to pay what they owed. AT: "sell themselves to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "brother" means an Israelite in general, whether a male or female. AT: "If a fellow Israelite" or "If a fellow Hebrew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## empty-handed ## +# is sold to you -handed** - AT: "without anything to eat or drink for himself and his family" +If a person could not repay their debts, they sometimes sold themselves into slavery to pay what they owed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "sell themselves to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## liberally provide for him out of your ## +# six years -AT: "generously give to him from your" \ No newline at end of file +"6 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seventh year + +"7th year." This "seventh" is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# you must not let him go empty-handed + +A person who has no possessions to provide for himself or his family is spoken of as if his hands were empty. AT: "you must not let him leave without having anything to provide for himself and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# liberally provide for him + +"generously give to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/15.md b/deu/15/15.md index 550ea17404..295bfe7a8a 100644 --- a/deu/15/15.md +++ b/deu/15/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## remember that you were a slave ## +# remember that you were a slave -The "you" includes their ancestors that were slaves for many years. AT: "remember that your people were once slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here "you" includes their ancestors that were slaves for many years. AT: "remember that your people were once slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## then you must take an awl and thrust it through his ear to a door ## +# that Yahweh your God redeemed you -AT: "then you will place his head near a wooden door frame in your house, and then put the point of the awl through his earlobe into the wood" +Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people from slavery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## awl ## +# if he says to you, 'I will not go away from you,' -a sharp, pointed tool used to make a hole +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "if he says to you that he will not go away from you," (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## forever ## +# your house -AT: “until the end of his life” or “until he dies” \ No newline at end of file +Here "house" represents the person's family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# then you must take an awl and thrust it through his ear to a door + +"then you will place his head near a wooden door frame in your house, and then put the point of the awl through his earlobe into the wood" + +# awl + +a sharp, pointed tool used to make a hole (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# for life + +"until the end of his life" or "until he dies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/18.md b/deu/15/18.md index c4ebe1bddb..3e3528a966 100644 --- a/deu/15/18.md +++ b/deu/15/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## It must not seem difficult for you to let ## +# It must not seem difficult for you to let him go free from you -"Do not resent it when you let." AT: "Be pleased when you let" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This means that they are not resent it when they let someone go free. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Be pleased when you let him go free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## a hired person ## +# given twice the value of a hired person -This is not a slave, but a free person who works for regular pay. \ No newline at end of file +This means the owner only had to pay have the amount for this slave to work than he would for a person he hired to do a job. + +# a hired person + +This is a person who works for pay. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/19.md b/deu/15/19.md index 497a647176..6141adc432 100644 --- a/deu/15/19.md +++ b/deu/15/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## You must sanctify ## - -"You must set apart" or "You must dedicate" - -## shear ## +# shear to cut off wool or hair -## year by year ## +# before Yahweh -AT: "each year" or "every year" +"in the presence of Yahweh" -## lame ## +# year by year + +"each year" or "every year" + +# lame crippled or physically disabled \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/22.md b/deu/15/22.md index 96b1f8419a..1c84df5a5a 100644 --- a/deu/15/22.md +++ b/deu/15/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## within your gates - ## +# within your gates -** AT: “within your community” or “inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "gates" represents the city or town. AT: "within your community" or "inside your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## a gazelle or a deer ## +# the unclean ... persons -A "deer" is the same as a "hart." See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md). +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you must not eat its blood ## +# the clean persons -AT: "you must not eat the meat with blood in it" or "you must not consume its blood" \ No newline at end of file +A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a gazelle or a deer + +These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md). + +# you must not eat its blood + +"you must not consume its blood." Yahweh did not allow Israelites to consume blood because the blood represented life. (See: [Deuteronomy 12:23](../12/23.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/15/intro.md b/deu/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..60ba6215da --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 15 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Forgiveness of Debt ##### +This chapter gives instructions about the necessity to regularly forgive debt among their fellow countryman. This prevented people from being trapped by their poverty. + +##### Justice ##### +As Yahweh's chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. This chapter gives commands that encouraged justice by protecting the poor, servants and slaves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/01.md b/deu/16/01.md index 62a7e99589..4deaa8d757 100644 --- a/deu/16/01.md +++ b/deu/16/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## month of Abib ## +# month of Aviv -This is the name of the first month in the Jewish calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]]) +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It marks when God brought the people of Israel out of Egypt. It is during the last part of March and the first part April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## keep the Passover ## +# keep the Passover -AT: "celebrate the Passover meal" or “eat the Passover meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +It is implied by "keep the Passover" that they would celebrate and eat the Passover meal. AT: "celebrate the Passover meal" or "eat the Passover meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## sacrifice the Passover ## +# You will sacrifice the Passover -AT: "offer the Passover sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Passover" represents the animal that is sacrificed for the Passover celebration. AT: For the Passover you will offer a sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/03.md b/deu/16/03.md index 447583a9c8..ed13eefe46 100644 --- a/deu/16/03.md +++ b/deu/16/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## with it ## +# with it Here "it" refers to the animal they will sacrifice and eat. -## the bread of affliction ## +# seven days -This was the name of the unleavened bread. It reminded the people about how much they suffered while in Egypt. +"7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## out of the land of Egypt in haste ## +# the bread of affliction -The people had to leave Egypt so quickly that they did not have enough time to make bread with yeast in it. AT: "out of the land of Egypt in a hurry" +This was the name of the unleavened bread. The full meaning can be stated explicitly. AT: "this bread will remind you of how much you suffered while in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Do this all the days of your life ## +# out of the land of Egypt in haste -AT: "Do this as long as you live" +The people had to leave Egypt so quickly that they did not have enough time to make bread with yeast in it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "out of the land of Egypt in such hurry you did not have time to make bread with yeast in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## call to mind ## +# Do this all the days of your life -AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"Do this as long as you live" -## No yeast must be seen among you ## +# call to mind -AT: "There must be no yeast among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## within all your borders ## +# No yeast must be seen among you -AT: "inside all your territory" or "in all your land" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must not have any yeast among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# within all your borders + +"inside all your territory" or "in all your land" + +# first day + +This "first" is the ordinal number for one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/05.md b/deu/16/05.md index 3537d97bf5..05e6cca9d8 100644 --- a/deu/16/05.md +++ b/deu/16/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## sacrifice the Passover ## +# You may not sacrifice the Passover -AT: “offer the Passover sacrifice” +Here "Passover" represents the animal that will be sacrificed. AT: "For the Passover you may not sacrifice the animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## within any of your city gates ## +# within any of your city gates -AT: "within any of your towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "gates" represents the cities or towns. AT: "within any of your towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## at the going down of the sun ## +# at the going down of the sun -AT: "at sunset" \ No newline at end of file +"at sunset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/07.md b/deu/16/07.md index 03f3b229a4..ad7c92fbaf 100644 --- a/deu/16/07.md +++ b/deu/16/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## You must roast it ## +# You must roast it "You must cook it" -## solemn assembly ## +# six days -AT: "special gathering" \ No newline at end of file +"6 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seventh day + +"seventh" is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# solemn assembly + +"special gathering" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/09.md b/deu/16/09.md index fb0f026dbb..d5e4cd0de1 100644 --- a/deu/16/09.md +++ b/deu/16/09.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## count seven weeks ## +# count seven weeks -"count 7 weeks" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeweek]]) +"count 7 weeks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## put the sickle to the standing grain ## +# from the time you begin to put the sickle to the standing grain -AT: "cut the grain at harvest time" +The phrase "put the sickle to the standing grain" is a way of referring to the beginning of harvest time. AT: "from the time that you begin harvesting the grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## sickle ## +# sickle -a tool with a curved blade used for cutting grass, grain, and vines +a tool with a curved blade used for cutting grass, grain, and vines (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## with the contribution of a free will offering from your hand that you will give ## +# with the contribution of a freewill offering from your hand that you will give -AT: "and you will give your free will offering" +Here "hand" represents the whole person. AT: "and you will give your free will offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## according as Yahweh your God has blessed you ## +# according as Yahweh your God has blessed you -AT: "according to the blessings which Yahweh your God has given you" \ No newline at end of file +"according to the harvest which Yahweh your God has given you" This means that the people will base how much they offer on how much they harvested that year. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/11.md b/deu/16/11.md index 18454a1854..9c69f5baf9 100644 --- a/deu/16/11.md +++ b/deu/16/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## within your city gates ## +# your son, your daughter, your male servant, your female servant, the Levite -AT: “within your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +These do not refer to a specific person. It means these types of people in general. AT: "your sons, your daughters, your male servants, your females servants, any Levite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## fatherless ## +# within your city gates -children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them +Here "gates" represents cities or towns. AT: "within your towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## widows ## +# the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow -a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age +This refers to these types of people in general. AT: "all foreigners, orphans, and widows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## call to mind ## +# fatherless -AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. + +# widow + +This means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age. + +# call to mind + +This is an idiom. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/13.md b/deu/16/13.md index 713d45b749..1ee6626385 100644 --- a/deu/16/13.md +++ b/deu/16/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Festival of Shelters ## +# Festival of Shelters -Other names for this festival are "Feast of Tabernacles," "Festival of Booths," and "Feast of Ingathering." During harvest, farmers would set up temporary shelters in the field. This festival took place after the last harvest of the year. +Other names for this festival are "Feast of Tabernacles," "Festival of Booths," and "Feast of the Ingathering." During harvest time, farmers would set up temporary shelters in the field. This festival took place after the last harvest of the year. -## within your gates ## +# seven days -AT: “within your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# within your gates + +Here the word "gates" represents cities or towns. AT: "within your towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/15.md b/deu/16/15.md index ef5a2738a0..933889077c 100644 --- a/deu/16/15.md +++ b/deu/16/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the festival ## +# the festival "the Festival of Shelters" -## work of your hands ## +# all the work of your hands -AT: “every work you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hands" represents the whole person. AT: "all the work you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/16.md b/deu/16/16.md index cddbb6c629..447299ef88 100644 --- a/deu/16/16.md +++ b/deu/16/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## must appear before Yahweh ## +# all your males must appear before Yahweh -AT: "must come in front of the altar of Yahweh" +Females were allowed, but Yahweh did not require that they come. The men could represent their whole families. -## they will not appear before Yahweh empty-handed ## +# must appear before Yahweh -handed**- AT: "they will not come to Yahweh's altar without an offering" or "every person who comes to Yahweh's altar must bring an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +"must come and stand in the presence of Yahweh" + +# No one will appear before Yahweh empty-handed + +"They will not come before Yahweh without an offering" These two negative phrases together have a positive meaning. AT: "Every person who comes before Yahweh must bring an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/18.md b/deu/16/18.md index ed2b352589..6ea416f57c 100644 --- a/deu/16/18.md +++ b/deu/16/18.md @@ -1,29 +1,51 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## within your city gates ## +# You must make judges -AT: “within your town” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"You must appoint judges" or "You must choose judges" -## they will be taken ## +# within all your city gates -AT: "you will take them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "gates" represents a city or town. AT: "within all your towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## judge the people with righteous judgment ## +# they will be taken -AT: "judge the people fairly" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will choose them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you must not force justice ## +# judge the people with righteous judgment -"you must not distort justice" +"judge the people fairly" -## a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise ## +# You must not take justice away by force -AT: "a bribe causes a wise person to do what is wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Moses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a strong person can violently pull away from a weak person. This can be stated in positive form. Your language might have one word that means "use force to take away." AT: "You must not be unfair when you judge" or "You must make just decisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## and perverts the words of the righteous ## +# You must not -AT: "and causes a righteous person to lie" +Here "You" refers to those who will be appointed as judges and officers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## follow after justice, after justice alone ## +# for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and perverts the words of the righteous -AT: "do only what is fair" \ No newline at end of file +Taking a bribe is spoken of as if the bribe were corrupting the people. AT: "for even a wise man who accepts a bribe will become blind, and even a righteous man who accepts a bribe will tell lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise + +A wise person who accepts a bribe so that he does not speak against something evil is spoken of as if he becomes blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wise + +The nominal adjective "the wise" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "a wise person" or "wise people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# perverts the words of the righteous + +The nominal adjective "righteous" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "causes a righteous person to lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# follow after justice, after justice alone + +justice is spoken of as a person who is walking. A person who is doing what is fair and just is spoken of as if he was following close behindjustice. AT: "do only what is fair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# inherit the land that Yahweh your God is giving you + +Receiving the land that God is giving to the people is spoken of as if the people are inheriting the land from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/21.md b/deu/16/21.md index e721939073..cb17808b5a 100644 --- a/deu/16/21.md +++ b/deu/16/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## sacred stone pillar ## +# You must not -This refers to sacred pillars for worshiping false gods. \ No newline at end of file +Here "You" refers to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# any sacred stone pillar, which Yahweh your God hates + +The phrase "which Yahweh your God hates" is giving more information about the sacred stone pillar. AT: "any sacred stone pillar because Yahweh your God hates them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# sacred stone pillar + +This refers to pillars that are idols used to worship false gods. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/16/intro.md b/deu/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f1f822ea77 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Deuteronomy 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Festivals ##### + +This chapter retells the specific commands about how to celebrate the Passover. This recalled the Passover in Egypt, which was an important event in the formation of the nation of Israel. There are several other important festivals described in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +##### Life in Israel ##### + +As Yahweh's chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. Also, Yahweh must be the only God in Israel. He alone is to be worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/01.md b/deu/17/01.md index 1e181c5b2f..065e1366c6 100644 --- a/deu/17/01.md +++ b/deu/17/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## in which is any blemish ## +# in which is any blemish -The animal is to appear healthy and perfect. AT: "that has a blemish" or "that has something wrong with it" \ No newline at end of file +"that has a blemish" or "that has something wrong with it." The animal is to appear healthy without any deformity. + +# that would be an abomination to Yahweh + +"that would be disgusting to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/02.md b/deu/17/02.md index 6c4ae249d3..c491266417 100644 --- a/deu/17/02.md +++ b/deu/17/02.md @@ -1,39 +1,35 @@ -## If there is found among you ## +# If there is found -AT: "If you find someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This may be stated in active form. AT: "If you find someone" or "If there is anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## within any of your city gates ## +# within any of your city gates -AT: "living in one of your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "city gates" represents cities or towns. AT: "living in one of your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God ## +# what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God -In this phrase, the sight of Yahweh refers to the perspective of Yahweh or what Yahweh thinks about something. AT: "something that Yahweh your God thinks is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "something that Yahweh your God thinks is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## transgresses his covenant ## +# transgresses his covenant "disobeys his covenant" -## anyone who has gone ## +# any of the host of heaven -AT: "if you find anyone who has gone" +"any of the stars" -## any of the host of heaven ## +# nothing that I have commanded -AT: "any of the stars" +"which I have not commanded anyone to do" -## nothing that I have commanded ## +# if you are told about this -Yahweh uses a negative phrase to emphasize that he clearly told them to not worship other gods or the sun, moon, or stars. AT: "which I clearly commanded you to not worship" or "which I did not command you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if someone tells you about this disobedient act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## if you are told about this ## +# you must make a careful investigation -AT: "if someone tells you about this disobedient act" +The abstract noun "investigation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "you must carefully investigate what happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## make a careful investigation ## +# such an abomination has been done in Israel -AT: "check carefully to find out if it is true" - -## such a detestable thing has been done in Israel ## - -AT: "someone has done such a horrible thing in Israel" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone has done such a horrible thing in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/05.md b/deu/17/05.md index 41ca94c8de..845f38585a 100644 --- a/deu/17/05.md +++ b/deu/17/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## At the mouth of two witnesses, or three witnesses, will he who must die be put to death ## +# At the mouth of two witnesses, or three witnesses, will he who must die be put to death -AT: "If 2 or 3 witnesses speak against the person, then you must put him to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "the mouth" represents the testimony of a witness. This can be translated in active form. AT: "If two or three witnesses speak against the person, then you must execute him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## The hand of the witnesses must be the first to put him to death and afterward the hand of all the people ## +# but at the mouth of only one witness he must not be put to death -AT: "The witnesses must be the first ones to throw stones. Then all the people will throw stones and put the person to death" +Here "the mouth" represents the testimony of a witness. This can be translated in active form. AT: "but if only one person speaks against him, then you must not execute him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The hand of the witnesses ## +# The hand of the witnesses must be the first to put him to death, and afterward the hand of all the people -AT: "The witnesses themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" represents the entire group of witnesses. AT: "The witnesses themselves must be the first ones to throw stones. Then all the people will execute the person by throwing stones at him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you will remove the evil from among you + +The nominal adjective "the evil" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "you must remove from among the Israelites this person who does this evil thing" or "you must execute this evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/08.md b/deu/17/08.md index d064c076ab..53719abbed 100644 --- a/deu/17/08.md +++ b/deu/17/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## another person's right ## +# If a matter arises + +"If there is a matter" or "If there is a situation" + +# one person's right and another person's right A "right" is a person's legal authority to do something or to possess something. -## within your city gates ## +# within your city gates -AT: "within your towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "city gates" represents cities or towns. AT: "within your towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you will seek their advice + +The abstract noun "advice" can be stated as a verb. AT: "you will ask them to advise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they will give you the verdict + +The abstract noun "verdict" can be stated as a verb. AT: "they will decide on the matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/10.md b/deu/17/10.md index 3832e4a867..78e6cf9844 100644 --- a/deu/17/10.md +++ b/deu/17/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## You must follow the law given to you ## +# You must follow the law given to you -AT: "You must obey the law that the priests and the judge give you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +A person obeying what the priests and judge decide is spoken of as if the person were physically following behind the law. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must obey what the judge and priests decide about the matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Do not turn aside from what they tell you, to the right hand or to the left ## +# Do not turn aside from what they tell you, to the right hand or to the left -AT: "Do not disobey anything they tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +A person not doing exactly what the judge and priests say is spoken of as if he were turning off the correct path. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Do not disobey anything they tell you" or "Do everything they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/12.md b/deu/17/12.md index d22cf90857..342930d552 100644 --- a/deu/17/12.md +++ b/deu/17/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## in not listening to the priest...or in not listening to the judge ## +# in not listening to the priest ... or in not listening to the judge -AT: "and does not obey the priest...or does not obey the judge" +"and does not obey the priest ... or does not obey the judge" -## you will put away the evil from Israel ## +# you will put away the evil from Israel -AT: "you will remove the evil behavior from Israel" \ No newline at end of file +The nominal adjective "the evil" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing" or "you must execute this evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# All the people must hear and fear, and act arrogantly no more + +It is implied that when the people hear about the person who was executed for acting arrogantly, they will be afraid and not act arrogantly themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/14.md b/deu/17/14.md index c5d0422565..59cdeb79f9 100644 --- a/deu/17/14.md +++ b/deu/17/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## like all the nations that are round about me ## +# When you have come to the land -AT: "like all the surrounding nations" +The word "come to" can be translated as "gone to" or "entered." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## one from among your brothers ## +# then you say, 'I will set a king over myself, like all the nations that are round about me,' -AT: "one of your fellow Israelites" \ No newline at end of file +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "then you decide that you want a king just like the peoples of the nations that surround you have kings," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# I will set a king over myself ... round about me + +Moses has the people speaking as if they were one person. It may be more natural to translate this with plural pronouns. AT: "We will set over ourselves ... round about us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# set a king over myself + +Giving someone the authority to rule as king in Israel is spoken of as if the people were setting the person in a place above them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the nations that are round about me + +"all the surrounding nations" + +# all the nations + +Here "nations" represent the people who live in the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# someone from among your brothers + +"one of your fellow Israelites" + +# a foreigner, who is not your brother, over yourself + +Both of these phrases mean the same thing. They both refer to a person who is not an Israelite. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people of Israel should not let a foreigner rule over them. AT: "a foreigner over yourself" or "a non-Israelite over yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/16.md b/deu/17/16.md index 6bb45e6855..6528abb7bf 100644 --- a/deu/17/16.md +++ b/deu/17/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## so that his heart does not turn away from Yahweh ## +# for Yahweh had said to you, 'You will never return that way again.' -Kings often married women from other nations who worshiped different gods. AT: "so that they do not cause him to start worshiping false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "for Yahweh had said that you must never return to Egypt again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# so that his heart does not turn away + +Here "heart" refers to the whole person. An Israelite king who marries foreign wives and starts to worship their false gods is spoken of as if his heart were to turn away from Yahweh. AT: "so that they do not cause him to stop honoring Yahweh and start worshiping false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/18.md b/deu/17/18.md index d25c14e249..2f73699a3e 100644 --- a/deu/17/18.md +++ b/deu/17/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## so as to keep all the words of this law and these statutes, to observe them ## +# When he sits on the throne of his kingdom -The words "to keep" and "to observe" mean the same thing. They emphasize that the king must obey all of God's law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "throne" represents the person's power and authority as king. To sit on the throne means to become king. AT: "When he becomes king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he must write for himself in a scroll a copy of this law + +Possible meanings are 1) "he must personally write in a scroll a copy of this law for himself" or 2) "he must appoint someone to write in a scroll a copy of this law for him" + +# from the law that is before the priests, who are Levites + +"from the copy of the law that the Levitical priests keep" + +# so as to keep all the words of this law and these statutes, to observe them + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the king must obey all of God's law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/20.md b/deu/17/20.md index 63be745d2f..c56c330fac 100644 --- a/deu/17/20.md +++ b/deu/17/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## so that his heart is not lifted up above his brothers ## +# so that his heart is not lifted up above his brothers -AT: "so that he does not become arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "his heart" refers to the whole person. A king becoming arrogant is spoken of as if his heart were lifted up. AT: "so that he does not become arrogant" or "so that he does not think he is better than his fellow Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## so that he does not turn away from the commandments, to the right hand or to the left ## +# so that he does not turn away from the commandments, to the right hand or to the left -AT: "so that he does not disobey any of the commandments" or "so that he obeys all of the commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +A king disobeying God's commands is spoken of as if a person were to turn off the correct path. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "so that he does not disobey any of the commandments" or "so that he obeys all of the commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## prolong his days ## +# prolong his days -AT: "lengthen his time" \ No newline at end of file +Long days is a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated a similar phrase "prolong your days" in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/25.md). AT: "be able to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/17/intro.md b/deu/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1ffa9800e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Witnesses ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +##### King ##### +Israel was not to have a king because Yahweh was their king. Knowing the sinfulness of the people, Yahweh anticipated that one day Israel would have a king. Therefore, this passage gives commands about their king prophetically. They were not allowed to collect chariots because they were a sign of earthly power and the king was to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/01.md b/deu/18/01.md index c3a48a15d5..29120df49f 100644 --- a/deu/18/01.md +++ b/deu/18/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues telling the people what Yahweh wants them to do. -## no portion - ## +# will have no portion nor inheritance with Israel -**"no part" or "no share" +The Levites not receiving any land from Yahweh is spoken of as if they would not receive an inheritance. AT: "will not possess any of the people's land" or "will not receive any of the land that the Israelites will possess" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Yahweh is their inheritance ## +# no portion -"Yahweh is their possession" \ No newline at end of file +"no part" or "no share" + +# among their brothers + +"among the other tribes of Israel" or "among the other Israelites" + +# Yahweh is their inheritance + +Moses speaks of the great honor that Aaron and his descendants will have by serving Yahweh as priests as if Yahweh were something that they will inherit. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 10:9](../10/08.md). AT: "instead, they will have Yahweh" or "instead, Yahweh will allow them to serve him and he will provide for them through that service" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/03.md b/deu/18/03.md index bd91b25592..cf9cb25d25 100644 --- a/deu/18/03.md +++ b/deu/18/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## priests' due ## +# the inner parts -"priests' claim" or "priests' share" +This is the stomach and intestines. -## you must give him ## +# you must give him "you must give to the priest" -## him and his sons forever ## +# has chosen him -"the priest and his sons forever" \ No newline at end of file +Here "him" represents all the Levites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to stand to serve in the name of Yahweh + +Here "the name of Yahweh" stands for Yahweh himself and his authority. AT: "to be his special servants" or "to serve as a representative of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# him and his sons forever + +Here "him" represents all the Levites. AT: "the Levites and their descendants forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/06.md b/deu/18/06.md index 157c6a97ee..8f50fc6a48 100644 --- a/deu/18/06.md +++ b/deu/18/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## desires with all his soul ## +# desires with all his soul -AT: "comes with a strong desire within him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "strongly desires" or "really wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## his family's inheritance ## +# then he must serve in the name of Yahweh his God + +Here "name" represents Yahweh and his authority. AT: "then he must serve Yahweh his God as a priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who stand there before Yahweh + +"who serve in the sanctuary in the presence of Yahweh" + +# his family's inheritance This is what the priest would inherit from his father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/09.md b/deu/18/09.md index 99562b91f6..86ab957c19 100644 --- a/deu/18/09.md +++ b/deu/18/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## learn to observe the disgusting things ## +# When you have come -The religious activities of the surrounding nations are hated by God. He sees them as awful evil activities. +Here "come" can be translated as "gone" or "entered." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## There must not be found among you ## +# you must not learn to observe the abominations of those nations -AT: "There must not be among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +God hates the religious activities of the people in the surrounding nations. He considers them to be terribly evil. Here "nations" represents the people. AT: "you must not do the terrible things that the people of the other nations do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## makes his son or his daughter to pass through the fire ## +# There must not be found among you anyone -AT: "sacrifices his children by fire on an altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "There must not be anyone among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## augury ## +# puts his son or his daughter into the fire -the use of magic to predict the future +"sacrifice his children by fire on an altar" -## enchanter, or any sorcerer, any charmer... ## +# anyone who uses divination ... who talks with spirits -different types or kinds of people practicing magic forbidden by God. \ No newline at end of file +These are different people who practice magic. God has forbidden every kind of magic. If you do not have a word for all of these types of people, it can be stated more generally. AT: "anyone who uses magic to try to find out what will happen in the future, to cast spells, or to talk to the spirits of dead people" + +# augury + +the use of magic to predict the future \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/12.md b/deu/18/12.md index 45f5844686..77b4c42008 100644 --- a/deu/18/12.md +++ b/deu/18/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## driving them out ## +# driving them out Here "them" refers to the people already living in Canaan. -## dispossess ## +# For these nations + +Here "nations" stands for the people groups that live in Canaan. AT: "For these people groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dispossess "displace" or "drive out" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/15.md b/deu/18/15.md index f2d9d2855b..aad0ec72d9 100644 --- a/deu/18/15.md +++ b/deu/18/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## one of your brothers ## +# Yahweh your God will raise up for you a prophet + +Yahweh appointing a person to be a prophet is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift the person up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# one of your brothers "one of your fellow Israelites" -## this is what you asked ## +# This is what you asked Here "you" refers to the Israelites at Mount Horeb about 40 years earlier. -## at Horeb on the day of the assembly ## +# at Horeb on the day of the assembly -AT: "on the day you gathered together at Horeb" +"on the day you gathered together at Horeb" -## again the voice of Yahweh our God ## +# on the day of the assembly, saying, 'Let us not hear again the voice of Yahweh our God, nor see this great fire anymore, or we will die.' -AT: "Yahweh our God speak again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "on the day of the assembly when you said that you did not want to hear the voice of Yahweh our God, nor see his great fire anymore, because you were afraid that you would die." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Let us not hear again the voice of Yahweh our God + +Here Yahweh is represented by his "voice" to emphasize what he says. AT: "Let us not hear Yahweh our God speak again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/17.md b/deu/18/17.md index e3221b45db..652c74d0e7 100644 --- a/deu/18/17.md +++ b/deu/18/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## from among their brothers ## +# I will raise up a prophet for them + +Yahweh appointing a person to be a prophet is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift the person up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from among their brothers "from among their fellow Israelites" -## put my words in his mouth ## +# I will put my words in his mouth -AT: "tell him the message I want him to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh telling the prophet what to say is spoken of as if Yahweh would put words in the prophet's mouth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## speak to them ## +# speak to them "speak to the people of Israel" -## he speaks in my name ## +# does not listen to the words of mine that he speaks in my name -AT: "he speaks with my authority" +Here "my name" represents Yahweh and his authority. AT: "does not listen to him when he speaks my message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## require it of him ## +# require it of him -Here "him" refers to the person who does not listen to the prophet. AT: "I will hold him accountable" or "I will punish him" \ No newline at end of file +"I will hold him responsible" or "I will punish him." Here "him" refers to the person who does not listen to the prophet. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/20.md b/deu/18/20.md index 7d33be72a5..f6480641a3 100644 --- a/deu/18/20.md +++ b/deu/18/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## who speaks a word arrogantly ## +# who speaks a word arrogantly -AT: "who dares to speak" or "who presumes to speak" +"who dares to speak a message" or "who is arrogant enough to speak a message" -## in my name ## +# in my name -AT: "for me" or "with my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "my name" refers to Yahweh himself and his authority. AT: "for me" or "with my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## If you say in your heart ## +# a word that I have not commanded -AT: "If you ask yourself" +Here "word" represents a message. AT: "a message that I have not commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## How will we recognize a message that Yahweh has not spoken? ## +# who speaks in the name of other gods -Here "we" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "How will we know if the message that the prophet speaks is from Yahweh?" \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" represents the gods themselves or their authority. This means the prophet claims that false gods told him to speak a certain message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# This is what you must say in your heart + +Here "heart" represents the thoughts of a person. AT: "You ask yourself" or "You must say to yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# How will we recognize a message that Yahweh has not spoken? + +"How will we know if the message that the prophet speaks is from Yahweh?" Here "we" refers to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/22.md b/deu/18/22.md index c8046a0816..c083c33598 100644 --- a/deu/18/22.md +++ b/deu/18/22.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## the prophet has spoken it arrogantly ## +# a prophet speaks in the name of Yahweh -AT: "the prophet has spoken this message without my authority" \ No newline at end of file +Here "name of Yahweh" refers to Yahweh himself and his authority. AT: "a prophet claims to speak for me" or "a prophet claims to speak with my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the prophet has spoken it arrogantly + +"the prophet has spoken this message without my authority" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/18/intro.md b/deu/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3c13d70180 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Levites ##### +As Yahweh's chosen priests, the priest were to trust in Yahweh to provide for them. He provided for them through the rest of the Israelites. Yahweh was their inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]]) + +##### Messiah ##### +This chapter is one of the first prophecies about the promised, coming messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/01.md b/deu/19/01.md index e330d49214..76e04fc7ad 100644 --- a/deu/19/01.md +++ b/deu/19/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## those whose land Yahweh your God is giving you ## +# When Yahweh your God cuts off the nations -AT: "those nations who were living in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you" +Yahweh destroying the people who live in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## come after them ## +# the nations -AT: "take the land from those nations" or "possess the land after those nations are gone" +This represents the people groups that live in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## select three cities ## +# those whose land Yahweh your God is giving you -"choose 3 cities" +"those nations who were living in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you" -## You must build a road ## +# come after them -It is implied that the road will make it easy for people to travel to these cities. AT: "You must build a road so it will be easy for people to travel to these cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"take the land from those nations" or "possess the land after those nations are gone" -## divide the borders of your land into three parts, the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit ## +# select three cities -It is implied that one of the cities will be in each of the 3 parts of the land. AT: "divide your land into 3 parts, the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit, and one city will be in each part" \ No newline at end of file +"choose 3 cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# You must build a road + +They were to build roads so that it would be easy for people to travel to these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# divide the borders of your land into three parts + +It is implied that one of the cities they choose must be in each part of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit + +Yahweh giving the land to the people of Israel is spoken of as if the people are inheriting the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/04.md b/deu/19/04.md index 80bf6a278f..6f2f78fa2d 100644 --- a/deu/19/04.md +++ b/deu/19/04.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## This is the law ## +# This is the law -AT: "These are the instructions" or "These are the directions" +"These are the instructions" or "These are the directions" -## for the one who kills another ## +# for the one who kills another -"for a person who kills another person" +The word "person" is understood. AT: "for a person who kills another person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## and who flees there ## +# who flees there -"and who escapes to one of these cities" or "and who runs to one of these cities" +"and who escapes to one of these cities" or "who runs to one of these cities" -## to live ## +# to live -It is implied that the family of the man who died will try to get revenge and kill the man who accidentally killed his neighbor. AT: "so the family of the man who died does not kill him to get revenge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"to save his own life." The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "so the family of the man who died does not kill him to get revenge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## whoever kills his neighbor unawares ## +# anyone who kills his neighbor unintentionally -AT: "any person who kills another person by accident" or "any person who kills another person unintentionally" +Here "neighbor" means any person in general. AT: "any person who kills another person by accident" -## did not previously hate him ## +# and did not previously hate him -Implies there was no cause for him killing his neighbor intentionally. AT: "did not hate his neighbor before" +"but did not hate his neighbor before he killed him." This implies there was no cause for him to kill his neighbor purposely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## as when a man goes into the forest...to cut wood ## +# For example, if a man goes into the forest ... to cut wood -The author gives a hypothetical situation of an unintentional killing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +The author gives a hypothetical situation where a person accidentally kills another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## the head slips from the haft ## +# the ax head slips off of the handle -The iron part of the ax comes off the handle. +The iron part of the ax comes off the wooden handle. -## strikes his neighbor so that he dies ## +# strikes his neighbor and kills him -The head of the ax hits the neighbor, killing him. \ No newline at end of file +This means the head of the ax hits and kills the neighbor. + +# to one of these cities and save his life + +It is implied that the family of the dead man may try to get revenge. The man who killed him can flee to one of these cities, and the people there would protect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/06.md b/deu/19/06.md index 36f31cf7c4..18f809833b 100644 --- a/deu/19/06.md +++ b/deu/19/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## since he did not hate his neighbor before this happened ## +# the avenger of blood -AT: "since this happened as an act of passion, and he never had desire to kill his neighbor before this happened" \ No newline at end of file +Here "blood" represents the person who was killed. An "avenger of blood" is a close relative of the person who was killed. This relative is responsible for punishing the murderer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the one who took a life + +This is an idiom. AT: "the one who killed the other person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in the heat of his anger + +Someone being very angry is spoken of as if anger were something that could become hot. AT: "and being very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# strike him and kill him + +"And the blood avenger strikes and kills the one who had killed the other person" + +# though that man did not deserve to die, since he had not hated his neighbor in the past + +"though that man did not deserve to die since he accidentally killed the other person and was not his enemy, and he had not planned to hurt the man" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/08.md b/deu/19/08.md index 5e4ec91afb..69603ce413 100644 --- a/deu/19/08.md +++ b/deu/19/08.md @@ -1,37 +1,55 @@ +# General Information: + Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## enlarges your borders ## +# enlarges your borders -AT: "gives you more land to possess" +"gives you more land to possess" -## as he has sworn to your ancestors to do ## +# as he has sworn to your ancestors to do "like he promised your ancestors that he would do" -## if you keep all these commandments to do them ## +# if you keep all these commandments to do them -"if you keep all of these commandments by obeying them" +"if you obey all these commandments" -## walk in his ways ## +# to always walk in his ways -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 8:4](../08/04.md). +How God wants a person to live or behave is spoken of as if it were Yahweh's way or road. A person who obeys Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh's way or road. AT: "to always obey him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## then you must add three more cities for yourself ## +# then you must add three more cities for yourself -AT: "then you must choose 3 more cities for a person to escape to if he accidentally kills someone" +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "then you must choose three more cities for a person to escape to if he accidentally kills someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## besides these three ## +# besides these three -AT: "in addition to the 3 cities you already set up" +"in addition to the three cities you already established" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Do this so that innocent blood is not shed ## +# Do this so that innocent blood is not shed -AT: "Do this so that family members do not get revenge by killing an innocent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do this so that family members do not kill an innocent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in the midst of the land ## +# innocent blood is not shed + +Here "blood" represents a person's life. To shed blood means to kill a person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one kills an innocent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the midst of the land "in the land" or "in the territory" -## so that no bloodguilt may be on you ## +# Yahweh your God is giving you for as an inheritance -It is implied that if a family member gets revenge by killing an innocent person, the whole nation will be guilty for letting that happen. \ No newline at end of file +The land that Yahweh is giving the people of Israel is spoken of as if it were an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that no bloodguilt may be on you + +The people of Israel being guilty for a person dying because they did not build a city where he would be safe from the "blood avenger" is spoken of as if the guilt of his death is on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bloodguilt + +Here "blood" represents a life and "bloodguilt" refers to the guilt someone has for killing an innocent person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# may be on you + +This means that if a family member kills an innocent person, then all the people of Israel will be guilty for letting that happen. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/11.md b/deu/19/11.md index bb5df339e5..ca7097ebfa 100644 --- a/deu/19/11.md +++ b/deu/19/11.md @@ -1,31 +1,47 @@ -## lies in wait for him ## +# his neighbor -This implies that the man waits for his neighbor to come, so that he can kill him. AT: "hides and waits in order to kill him" or "plans to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "neighbor" means any person in general. -## rises up against him ## +# lies in wait for him -AT: "attacks him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "hides and waits in order to kill him" or "plans to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and mortally wounds him so that he dies ## +# rises up against him -AT: "and hurts him so that he dies" or "and kills him" +This is an idiom. AT: "attacks him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## must send and bring him back from there ## +# mortally wounds him so that he dies -AT: "must send someone to get him and bring him back from the city that he escaped to" +"hurts him so that he dies" or "and kills him" -## turn him over ## +# must send and bring him back from there -AT: "give him" +"must send someone to get him and bring him back from the city that he escaped to" -## into the hand of ## +# turn him over -The hand represents the authority, or responsibility. AT: "to the authority of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "give him over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Your eye must not pity him ## +# into the hand of the responsible relative -The eye represents the person's thoughts and feelings which think about letting the man live. AT: "Do not let him live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "the hand" represents the authority of someone. AT: "to the authority of the responsible relative" or "to the responsible relative" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you must eradicate the bloodguilt from Israel ## +# the responsible relative -"you must remove the guilt of murder from Israel" \ No newline at end of file +This is the relative of the person who was killed. This relative is responsible for punishing the murderer. + +# he may die + +"the murderer may die" or "the responsible relative may execute the murderer" + +# Your eye must not pity him + +Here "your eye" represents the whole person. AT: "Do not show him mercy" or "Do not feel sorry for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you must eradicate the bloodguilt from Israel + +Here "bloodguilt" represents the guilt for murdering an innocent person. AT: "you must execute the murderer so that the people of Israel will not be guilty for the death of an innocent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from Israel + +Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/14.md b/deu/19/14.md index f23b6b0890..6a8eedf584 100644 --- a/deu/19/14.md +++ b/deu/19/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## You must not remove your neighbor’s landmark ## +# You must not remove your neighbor's landmark -This implies that a person would take the markers away from the borders of his neighbor's land so he can say that he own some of that land. AT: "You must not take land away from your neighbor by moving the markers on the borders of his land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "You must not take land away from your neighbor by moving the markers on the borders of his land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## that they set in place a long time ago, in your inheritance ## +# they set in place -AT: "that your ancestors set up on the borders when they first got possession of the land" +"that your ancestors placed" -## in your inheritance ## +# a long time ago -AT: "in the inheritance of land" \ No newline at end of file +Moses means that when the people have lived in the land for a long time, they should not move the borders that their ancestors made when they first took the land. + +# in your inheritance that you will inherit, in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you to possess + +Yahweh giving the land to the people of Israel is spoken of as if they were inheriting the land. AT: "in the land that Yahweh your God is giving to you to possess" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/15.md b/deu/19/15.md index e71aea740d..769318895f 100644 --- a/deu/19/15.md +++ b/deu/19/15.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## one sole witness ## +# One sole witness -AT: "a single witness" or "only one witness" +"A single witness" or "Only one witness" -## must not rise up against a man ## +# must not rise up against a man -AT: "must not speak to the judges about something bad that a man did" +Here "rise up" means to stand up in court and speak against someone to a judge. AT: "must not speak to the judges about something bad that a man did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## in any matter that he sins ## +# in any matter that he sins -AT: "anytime that a man does something bad" +"anytime that a man does something bad" -## at the mouth of two witnesses ## +# at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses -Here "mouth" represents what the witnesses say. AT: "at the testimony of 2 people" or "when 2 people say what happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "mouth" represents what the witnesses say. It is implied that there must be at least two or three witnesses. AT: "at the testimony of at least two or three people" or "based on what at least two or three people say happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## must any matter be confirmed ## +# must any matter be confirmed -It is implied that the court of law will punish the man if they find out that he really sinned. AT: "then you can punish the man because you know he really sinned" or "a report will be considered as true" ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will you confirm that the man is guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Suppose that ## +# Suppose that -AT: "When" or "If" +"When" or "If" -## an unrighteous witness ## +# an unrighteous witness -AT: "a witness who intends to harm someone else" +"a witness who intends to harm someone else" -## rises up against any man to testify against him of wrongdoing ## +# rises up against any man to testify against him of wrongdoing -AT: "tells the judges that a man sinned in order to get the man in trouble" or "tells the judges that a man sinned, so the judges will punish him" \ No newline at end of file +Here "rise up" means to stand up in court and speak against someone to a judge. AT: "tells the judge that a man sinned in order to get the man in trouble" or "tells the judge that a man sinned, so the judge will punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/17.md b/deu/19/17.md index 9ed38035ba..b6c9d14339 100644 --- a/deu/19/17.md +++ b/deu/19/17.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## the ones between whom the controversy exists ## +# the ones between whom the controversy exists -AT: "the man who made the accusation and the man he accused" +"the ones who disagree with one another" -## must stand before Yahweh ## +# must stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judges -To stand before Yahweh means to tell Yahweh what happened and let him decide who is right. AT: "must let Yahweh decide who is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This means the two persons must go to the sanctuary where Yahweh's presence dwells. At the sanctuary are priests and judges who have the authority to make legal decisions for Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## before the priests and the judges ## +# stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judges -The priests and the judges have the authority to make legal decisions for Yahweh. AT: "by telling the priests and the judges what happened and letting them decide" ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The phrase "stand before" is an idiom. It means to go to someone with authority and let him make a legal decision about a matter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## who serve in those days ## +# The judges must make diligent inquiries -AT: "the priests and the judges who are working when the witness accuses the man" +"The judges must work very hard to determine what happened" -## The judges must make diligent inquiries ## +# then must you do to him, as he had wished to do to his brother -AT: "The judges must work very hard to figure out what happened" +"then you must punish the false witness in the same way as he wanted you to punish the other man" -## then must you do to him, as he had wished to do to his brother ## +# you will remove the evil from among you -AT: "then you must give the false witness the same punishment as he wanted you to give to the other man" - -## you will remove the evil from among you ## - -AT: "by punishing the false witness, you will remove the evil from your nation" \ No newline at end of file +The nominal adjective "the evil" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "you will remove the evil practice from among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/20.md b/deu/19/20.md index 469cbd9eb6..62c6287117 100644 --- a/deu/19/20.md +++ b/deu/19/20.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## Then those who remain ## +# Then those who remain -AT: "When you punish the false witness, the rest of the people" +"When you punish the false witness, the rest of the people" -## will hear and fear ## +# will hear and fear -AT: "will hear about the punishment and be afraid of getting punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "will hear about the punishment and be afraid of getting punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## commit no longer any such evil ## +# commit no longer any such evil -AT: "never again do something evil like that" +"never again do something evil like that" -## your eyes must not pity ## +# Your eyes must not pity -The eyes represent the part of a person that feels compassion. AT: "you must not pity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "eyes" refer to the whole person. AT: "You must not pity him" or "You must not show him mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## must not pity ## +# life will pay for life ... foot for foot -This implies that if you feel sorry for the guilty person, you might let him go without punishment. AT: "you should not let a guilty person go without punishment" - -## life will pay for life ## - -AT: "you must take the life of a person who takes a person's life" or "you must kill any person who kills somebody" - -## eye for eye ## - -AT: "eye will pay for eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the phrases are shortened because the meaning is understood. It means the people must punish a person in the same way that he harmed another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/19/intro.md b/deu/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5a89875204 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Deuteronomy 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Justice ##### +Another way justice would be maintained in Israel was by avoiding revenge killings. This chapter describes the establishment of special cities to protect those fleeing from revenge killings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + +##### Witnesses ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Law of retaliation ##### +The chapter describes a famous law, often called the "law of retaliation." It is said, an "eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot." This does not mean a person who causes another person to lose their eye must have their own eye removed as punishment. This law is not about making all things equal. Instead, it is about limiting the punishment or the ability of a person to retaliate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/01.md b/deu/20/01.md index a16224dca5..b3e7ec3598 100644 --- a/deu/20/01.md +++ b/deu/20/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## When you march out to battle against your enemies ## +# When you march out to battle against your enemies "When you go out to fight in a war against your enemies" -## and see horses, chariots ## +# see horses, chariots -If an army has lots of horses and chariots, that shows that the army is very strong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +People considered an army with many horses and chariots to be very strong. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he who brought you up out of the land of Egypt ## +# he who brought you up out of the land of Egypt -"Yahweh who led you out from the land of Egypt" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh brought the people from Egypt to Canaan. It was common to use the word "up" to refer to traveling from Egypt to Canaan. AT: "Yahweh who led you out from the land of Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/02.md b/deu/20/02.md index fec7bcadc0..87bccbe29a 100644 --- a/deu/20/02.md +++ b/deu/20/02.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## When you draw near to the battle ## - -AT: "When you are going to fight a battle with an enemy" - -## speak to the people ## +# speak to the people "speak to the soldiers of Israel" -## let not your heart faint ## +# Do not let your hearts faint. Do not fear or tremble. Do not be afraid of them -AT: "do not get scared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +These four expressions all mean the same thing and strongly emphasize that they are not to be afraid. If your language does not have four ways to express this concept, you may use less than four. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## fear not, nor tremble, neither be afraid of them ## +# Do not let your hearts faint -AT: "do not have fear, do not tremble, and do not be afraid of them" +Here "hearts" represents people's courage. For a heart to faint is an idiom that means "Do not be afraid." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## to save you ## +# Yahweh your God is the one who is going with you to fight for you against your enemies -AT: "to give you victory" or "to make it so that you will win" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh defeating the enemies of the people of Israel is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight along with the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to save you + +"to give you victory" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/05.md b/deu/20/05.md index ad97627015..7c6482b6b1 100644 --- a/deu/20/05.md +++ b/deu/20/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses says what the army officers must say to the people of Israel before a battle. -## The officers must speak ## +# The officers must speak -One of the officers' jobs was to decide who could leave the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +One of the officers' jobs was to decide who could leave the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## What man is there...Let him go and return to his house ## +# What man is there ... Let him go and return to his house -AT: "If any soldier here has built a new house and has not dedicated it, he should go back to his house" +"If any soldier here has built a new house and has not dedicated it, he should go back to his house" -## so that he does not die in battle and another man dedicates it ## +# so that he does not die in battle and another man dedicates it -AT: "so that, if he dies in battle, another man will not dedicate his house instead of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file +The officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. AT: "so that, if he dies in battle, another man will not dedicate his house instead of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/06.md b/deu/20/06.md index c48a3df8b8..ac8bd032e3 100644 --- a/deu/20/06.md +++ b/deu/20/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Moses continues covering reasons for military discharge. +# General Information: -## What man is there who has planted...Let him go and return to his house ## +Moses continues describing situations that allow a man to leave the military. -AT: "If any soldier here has a new vineyard, but has not yet harvested its grapes, he should go back to his house" +# Is there anyone who has planted ... Let him go home -## so that he does not die in battle and another man uses its fruit ## +"If any soldier here has a new vineyard, but has not yet harvested its grapes, he should go back to his house" -AT: "so that, if he dies in battle, another man will not harvest its fruit instead of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +# so he will not die in battle and another man enjoy its fruit -## What man is there who is engaged to marry a woman...Let him go and return to his house ## +The officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. AT: "so that, if he dies in battle, another man will not harvest its fruit instead of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -AT: "If any soldier here has promised to marry a woman, but has not yet married her, he should go back to his house" +# What man is there who is engaged to marry a woman ... Let him go home -## so that he does not die in battle and another man marries her ## +"If any soldier here has promised to marry a woman, but has not yet married her, he should go back to his house" -AT: "so that, if he dies in battle, another man does not marry her instead of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file +# so that he does not die in battle and another man marries her + +The officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. AT: "so that, if he dies in battle, another man does not marry her instead of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/08.md b/deu/20/08.md index 4575a2ae2b..539b8d348a 100644 --- a/deu/20/08.md +++ b/deu/20/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Moses continues covering reasons for military discharge. +# General Information: -## What man is there who is fearful or fainthearted? Let him go ## +Moses continues describing situations that allow a man to leave the military. -AT: "If any soldier here is afraid and not brave, he should go back to his house" +# What man is there who is fearful or fainthearted? Let him go and return to his house -## his brother’s heart does not melt like his own heart ## +"If any soldier here is afraid and not brave, he should go back to his house" -AT: "another Israelite does not become afraid like he is afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# fearful or fainthearted -## they must appoint commanders over them ## +Both of these words mean basically the same thing. AT: "afraid to fight in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -AT: "the officers must appoint people to be commanders and to lead the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file +# his brother's heart does not melt like his own heart + +This is an idiom. AT: "another Israelite does not become afraid like he is afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# brother's heart ... his own heart + +Here "heart" represents a person's courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they must appoint commanders over them + +"the officers must appoint people to be commanders and to lead the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/10.md b/deu/20/10.md index 02fcddffed..512311f95c 100644 --- a/deu/20/10.md +++ b/deu/20/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## When you march up to attack a city ## +# When you march up to attack a city -"When you go to attack a city" +Here "city" represents the people. AT: "When you go to attack the people of a city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## make those people an offer of peace ## +# make those people an offer of peace -AT: "give the people in the city a chance to surrender" +"give the people in the city a chance to surrender" -## open their gates to you ## +# open their gates to you -AT: "let you enter their city peacefully" +Here "gates" refers to the city gates. The phrase "open their gates to you" represents the people surrendering and allowing the Israelites to enter their city. AT: "let you enter their city peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## all the people who are found in it ## +# all the people who are found in it -AT: "all the people in the city" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the people in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## must become forced labor for you ## +# must become forced labor for you "must become your slaves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/12.md b/deu/20/12.md index 231e6b41b8..7c7017b2fb 100644 --- a/deu/20/12.md +++ b/deu/20/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## But if it makes no offer of peace ## +# But if it makes no offer of peace -AT: "But if the city does not surrender" or "But if the city does not accept your offer of peace" - -## you must kill every man in the town ## - -"you must kill every adult male in the city" \ No newline at end of file +Here "it" refers to the city which represents the people. AT: "But if the people of the city do not surrender" or "But if the people of the city do not accept your offer of peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/14.md b/deu/20/14.md index c1250a19a0..c3c429e90f 100644 --- a/deu/20/14.md +++ b/deu/20/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the little ones ## +# the little ones -AT: "the children" +"the children" -## and all its spoil ## +# all its spoil -AT: "and all the valuable things" +"all the valuable things" -## booty ## +# booty -valuable things which people who win a battle take from the people they attacked \ No newline at end of file +These are the valuable things which people who win a battle take from the people they attacked. + +# all the cities + +Here "cities" represents the people. AT: "all the people who live in cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/16.md b/deu/20/16.md index 90e64ea391..b054b04a0d 100644 --- a/deu/20/16.md +++ b/deu/20/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## you must save alive nothing that breathes ## +# In the cities of these peoples that Yahweh your God is giving you as an inheritance -This negative phrase emphasizes that this is a complete destruction. AT: "you must kill every living thing" or "you must not let any living thing stay alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +The cities in Canaan that Yahweh is giving to the people is spoken of as if the cities were the people's inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you must utterly destroy them ## +# you must save alive nothing that breathes -"you must completely destroy these nations" +"you must not let any living thing stay alive." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you must kill every living thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## Do this so that they ## +# you must completely destroy them + +"you must completely destroy these people groups" + +# Do this so that they "Destroy these nations so that they" -## act in any of their disgusting ways...their gods ## +# to act in any of their abominable ways ... their gods -AT: "act in a disgusting way like the people in these nations have acted toward their gods" +"to act in abominable ways like the people in these nations have done with their gods" -## If you do, you will sin against Yahweh our God ## +# If you do, you will sin against Yahweh your God -AT: "If you act like these nations, you will sin against Yahweh our God" \ No newline at end of file +"If you act like these people, you will sin against Yahweh your God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/19.md b/deu/20/19.md index 334377bdec..0e494bcad9 100644 --- a/deu/20/19.md +++ b/deu/20/19.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## wage war ## +# wage war -AT: "fight in a war" +"fight in a war" -## wielding an ax against them ## +# by wielding an ax against them -AT: "cutting down the trees with an ax" +"by cutting down the trees with an ax" -## For is the tree of the field a man whom you should besiege? ## +# For is the tree of the field a man whom you should besiege? -AT: "For fruit trees are not people, so they are not your enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question is to remind the people of what they should already know. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "For fruit trees are not people, so they are not your enemy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## trees for food ## +# you know are not trees for food -AT: "trees that grow fruit to eat" +"you know are not trees that grow fruit to eat" -## you will build bulwarks against the city ## +# siege works -AT: "you will use these trees to build walls and ramps to fight against the city" +These are tools and structures, such as ladders and towers, that are needed to lay siege to a city. -## until it falls ## +# until it falls -AT: "until the city loses the war" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "until the people of the city lose the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# it falls + +Here "it" refers to the city which represents the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/20/intro.md b/deu/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..782c6b4ed1 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Deuteronomy 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### +Israel was not to worry about the power and strength of other nations. Instead, they were to trust in the power of Yahweh. He is the source of their military strength and protection. This is why a priest leads them into battle, rather than a military commander. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +##### Holy war ##### +Israel's conquering of the Promised Land was unique in history. It was a type of holy war and had special rules. This war was really Yahweh's punishment against the sin of the Canaanite people. If the people were not completely destroyed, they would cause Israel to sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "What man is there" ##### +This phrase is used several times to introduce a rhetorical question. The questions are intended to tell the readers that Yahweh only wants soldiers who are completely dedicated to fighting for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Excused from fighting ##### +In ancient Israel, men were excused from fighting in battle for several different reasons. Some of these reasons are mentioned in this chapter. Apparently, needing to establish a new house, the need to harvest a field and cowardice were possible excuses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/01.md b/deu/21/01.md index 0057b94a25..69b074e4f8 100644 --- a/deu/21/01.md +++ b/deu/21/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## If someone is found killed ## +# If someone is found killed -AT: "If someone finds a dead person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If someone finds a person whom someone else has killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## lying in the field ## +# lying in the field -This refers to the dead person. +The dead person is lying in the field. -## and it is not known who has attacked him ## +# it is not known who has attacked him -AT: "and nobody knows who attacked him." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nobody knows who attacked him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and they must measure...has been killed ## +# they must measure to the cities -AT: "and they must measure the distance from the dead body to the cities that are around the dead body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"they must measure the distance to the cities" + +# him who has been killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "him whom someone has killed" or "the dead body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/03.md b/deu/21/03.md index e2d246fcb6..e5948fece8 100644 --- a/deu/21/03.md +++ b/deu/21/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## borne the yoke ## +# has not borne the yoke -"worn a yoke" +"has not worn a yoke" -## running water ## +# running water -"flowing water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom for water that is moving. AT: "a stream" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## a valley that has been neither plowed nor sown ## +# a valley that has been neither plowed nor sown -AT: "a valley where nobody has made a garden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## plow ## - -a tool that farmers use to break up the dirt in a field so they can plant seeds \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a valley where nobody has plowed the ground or planted seeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/05.md b/deu/21/05.md index 997a22c0fc..a1cbd73732 100644 --- a/deu/21/05.md +++ b/deu/21/05.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## must come near ## +# must come near "must come to the valley" -## for them Yahweh your God has chosen to serve him ## +# for them Yahweh your God has chosen to serve him -AT: "because Yahweh your God has chosen the priests to serve him" +"because the priests are the ones whom Yahweh your God has chosen to serve him" -## to bless the people ## +# Yahweh your God + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if he were speaking to one man, so the word "your" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# to bless the people "to bless the people of Israel" -## in the name of Yahweh ## +# in the name of Yahweh -AT: "as a representative of Yahweh" +Here the metonym "in the name of" refers to Yahweh and his authority. AT: "as one who says and does what Yahweh himself would say and do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## listen to their advice ## +# listen to their advice "listen to what the priests say" -## for their word will be the verdict ## +# for their word will be the verdict -AT: "because whatever the priests say, that will be the decision" +"because whatever the priests say, that will be the decision" -## in every dispute and case of assault ## +# in every dispute and case of assault -AT: "every time people are in the court of law because they have a disagreement or somebody hurts another person" \ No newline at end of file +"every time people are in the court of law because they disagree with one another or somebody hurts another person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/06.md b/deu/21/06.md index 1eec3618e8..d72fcba0f7 100644 --- a/deu/21/06.md +++ b/deu/21/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## the heifer whose neck was broken in the valley ## +# the heifer whose neck was broken -AT: "the heifer with the broken neck" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the heifer whose neck the priests broke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and they must answer to the case ## +# they must answer to the case -AT: "and they must testify about this case" +"they must testify to Yahweh about this case" -## Our hands have not shed this blood ## +# Our hands have not shed this blood -The priests refer to their hands because the hands are the part of a person that is often used to kill. AT: "We did not kill this person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "hands" are a synecdoche for the whole person and "shed this blood" is a metonym for killing an innocent person. AT: "We did not kill this innocent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## neither have our eyes seen it ## +# neither have our eyes seen it -The priests refer to their eyes because the eyes are the part of a person that sees. AT: "and we did not see the murder happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "eyes" refers to the whole person. AT: "and we did not see anyone kill this person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/08.md b/deu/21/08.md index 869e0fd9de..293b8b0e97 100644 --- a/deu/21/08.md +++ b/deu/21/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Moses continues to tell the elders what they should say when they wash their hands over the heifer. +# General Information: -## and do not put guilt for innocent bloodshed in the midst of your people Israel ## +Moses continues to tell the elders what they should say when they wash their hands over the heifer. He speaks to them as if he were speaking to one man, so the words "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "and do not treat your people Israel like they are guilty for killing an innocent person" +# whom you have redeemed -## Then the bloodshed will be forgiven them ## +Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people from slavery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "Then Yahweh will forgive his people Israel for the killing of an innocent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# do not put guilt for innocent bloodshed in the midst of your people Israel -## you will put away the innocent blood from your midst ## +This is an idiom. AT: "do not treat your people Israel as if they are guilty of killing an innocent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "you will not be guilty any more of killing an innocent person" +# Then the bloodshed will be forgiven them -## what is right in the eyes of Yahweh ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then Yahweh will forgive his people Israel for the death of an innocent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -The eyes of Yahweh represent his thoughts. AT: "what Yahweh thinks is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# you will put away the innocent blood from your midst + +"you will not be guilty any more of killing an innocent person" + +# what is right in the eyes of Yahweh + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what is right in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/10.md b/deu/21/10.md index e6639b3665..14e26d6875 100644 --- a/deu/21/10.md +++ b/deu/21/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## you have a desire to her ## +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "you love her" +# you go out -## wish to take her for yourself as a wife ## +"you who are soldiers go out" -AT: "want to take her to be your wife" +# you have a desire for her -## she will shave her head ## +Use a polite phrase for "you want to sleep with her." + +# wish to take her for yourself as a wife + +"want to marry her" + +# she will shave her head "she will shave the hair off of her head" -## cut her nails ## +# cut her nails "cut her fingernails" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/13.md b/deu/21/13.md index eb75b760d1..42c0801d89 100644 --- a/deu/21/13.md +++ b/deu/21/13.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## She will take off the clothes she was wearing ## +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "She will take off the clothes of her people and put on Israelite clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# she will take off the clothes she was wearing -## when she was taken captive ## +She will do this after the man brings her to his house and when she shaves her head and cuts her fingernails and toenails as mentioned in [Deuteronomy 21:12](./10.md). The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "she will take off the clothes of her people and put on Israelite clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "when you took her captive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# when she was taken captive -## a full month ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when you took her captive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a full month "an entire month" or "a whole month" -## But if you take no delight in her ## +# But if you take no delight in her -AT: "But if you are not happy with her" +You may need to make explicit that the man sleeps with the woman. AT: "But if you sleep with her and then decide that you do not want her as your wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## let her go where she wishes ## +# let her go where she wishes "let her go wherever she wants to go" -## because you have humiliated her ## +# because you have humiliated her -AT: "because you shamed her by sleeping with her and then sending her away" \ No newline at end of file +"because you shamed her by sleeping with her and then sending her away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/15.md b/deu/21/15.md index 890e34910a..a85bc67cba 100644 --- a/deu/21/15.md +++ b/deu/21/15.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## and one is loved and the other is hated ## +# one is loved and the other is hated -AT: "and the man loves one of his wives and he hates the other wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: Possible meanings are 1) "the man loves one of his wives and he hates the other wife" or 2) "the man loves one wife more than he loves the other wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and they have both borne him children ## +# they have both borne him children -AT: "and both wives have had children with him" +"both wives have had children with him" -## if the firstborn son is of her that is hated ## +# if the firstborn son is of her that is hated -AT: "if the firstborn son belongs to the hated wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if the firstborn son belongs to the wife whom the man hates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the man causes his sons to inherit what he possesses ## +# then on the day that the man -AT: "the man gives his possessions to his sons as an inheritance" +"when the man" -## he may not make the son...the hated wife ## +# the man causes his sons to inherit what he possesses -AT: "he may not treat the son of the beloved wife like he is the firstborn instead of the son of the hated wife" +"the man gives his possessions to his sons as an inheritance" -## a double portion ## +# he may not make the son of the beloved wife the firstborn before the son of the hated wife -AT: "twice as much" +"he may not treat the son of the beloved wife as if he were the firstborn instead of the son of the hated wife" -## for that son is the beginning of his strength ## +# a double portion -AT: "for that son is the first of his power to have children" \ No newline at end of file +"twice as much" + +# that son is the beginning of his strength + +This is an idiom. AT: "that son is the one who shows that the man can become the father of sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/18.md b/deu/21/18.md index 93fda65bca..a811fe5e7f 100644 --- a/deu/21/18.md +++ b/deu/21/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## who will not obey the voice of his father ## +# who will not obey the voice of his father or the voice of his mother -AT: "who will not obey his father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "voice" is a metonym for what a person says. AT: "who will not obey what his father or mother say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## even though they correct him ## +# they correct him -AT: "even though his father and his mother discipline him" +"they punish him for his wrongdoing" or "they train and instruct him" -## must lay hold on him ## +# must lay hold on him and bring him out -"must take hold of him" or "must grab him" \ No newline at end of file +"must force him to come out" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/20.md b/deu/21/20.md index 0d4b86e10e..2490948719 100644 --- a/deu/21/20.md +++ b/deu/21/20.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## This son of ours ## +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "Our son" +# This son of ours -## he will not obey our voice ## +"Our son" -AT: "he will not obey us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# he will not obey our voice -## a glutton ## +Here "voice" is a metonym for what a person says or a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "he will not do what we tell him to do" or "he will not obey us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a glutton a person who eats and drinks too much -## a drunkard ## +# a drunkard a person who drinks too much alcohol and gets drunk often -## In this manner ## +# stone him to death with stones -"In this way" +"throw stones at him until he dies" -## you will remove the evil ## +# you will remove the evil from among you -"you will get rid of the evil" or "you will destroy the evil" +The adjective "evil" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing" or "you must execute this evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## All Israel ## +# All Israel -"All the people of Israel" +The word "Israel" is a metonym for the people of Israel. AT: "All the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## will hear of it and fear ## +# will hear of it and fear -AT: "will hear about what happened to the son and be afraid of getting the same punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "will hear about what happened to the son and be afraid that the people will punish them also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/22.md b/deu/21/22.md index f90ad7cb42..e82f969acf 100644 --- a/deu/21/22.md +++ b/deu/21/22.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## If a man has committed a sin worthy of death ## +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "If a man has done something so bad that his punishment is to die" +# If a man has committed a sin worthy of death -## and if he is put to death ## +"If a man has done something so bad that you need to punish him by killing him" -AT: "and if you execute him" or "and if you kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# he is put to death -## and you hang him on a tree ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you execute him" or "you kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "and you put him to death by hanging him on a wooden post" +# you hang him on a tree -## bury him the same day ## +Possible meanings are 1) "after he has died you hang him on a tree" or 2) "you kill him by hanging him on a wooden post" -"bury him on the same day as when you put him to death" +# bury him the same day -## for whoever is hanged is cursed by God ## +"bury him on the same day as when you execute him" -AT: "because when a person dies from hanging, he has a curse from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# for whoever is hanged is cursed by God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: Possible meanings are 1) "because God curses everyone whom people hang on trees" and 2) "people hang on trees those whom God has cursed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# do not defile the land + +by leaving something God has cursed hanging in the tree \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/21/intro.md b/deu/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..34817d1ffb --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 21 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Elders ##### +Older men were required to lead the people of Israel and help to administer justice. These men would function as judges, which would later become a more official position. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +##### Peace in Israel ##### +The rules and instructions in this chapter help to ensure peace in Israel. This is not a military peace. Instead, it is about establishing peace within Israel and among the people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/01.md b/deu/22/01.md index aa976b10b0..ef8dd622bf 100644 --- a/deu/22/01.md +++ b/deu/22/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## go astray ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "walk away from its owner" +# go astray -## and hide yourself from them ## +"walk away from its owner" -AT: "and go away without doing anything" +# hide yourself from them -## If your fellow Israelite is not near to you ## +This is an idiom. AT: "act as if you do not see them" or "go away without doing anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# If your fellow Israelite is not near to you "If your fellow Israelite lives far away from you" -## or if you do not know him ## +# or if you do not know him "or if you do not know who the owner of the animal is" -## and it must be with you until he looks for it ## +# it must be with you until he looks for it -AT: "and you must keep the animal with you until its owner comes looking for it" \ No newline at end of file +"you must keep the animal with you until its owner comes looking for it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/03.md b/deu/22/03.md index 4ccae395aa..c7823f24a4 100644 --- a/deu/22/03.md +++ b/deu/22/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## You must do the same with his donkey ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "You must return his donkey in the same way" +# You must do the same with his donkey -## you must do the same with his garment ## +"You must return his donkey in the same way" -AT: "you must return his clothing in the same way" +# you must do the same with his garment -## you may not hide yourself ## +"you must return his clothing in the same way" -AT: "you may not go away without doing anything" +# you must not hide yourself -## you must surely help him to lift it up again ## +This is an idiom. AT: "you must not act as if you do not see that he has lost something" or "you must not go away without doing anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "you must help your fellow Israelite lift the animal back up onto its feet" \ No newline at end of file +# you must surely help him to lift it up again + +"you must help your fellow Israelite lift the animal back up onto its feet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/05.md b/deu/22/05.md index fdb410ba5c..452aa5108b 100644 --- a/deu/22/05.md +++ b/deu/22/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## what pertains to a man ## +# what pertains to a man -AT: "men's clothing" \ No newline at end of file +"men's clothing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/06.md b/deu/22/06.md index dd590aca78..eac58d9e6c 100644 --- a/deu/22/06.md +++ b/deu/22/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## bird’s nest ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# bird's nest a home that birds make for themselves out of sticks, grass, plants, and mud -## with young ones or eggs in it ## +# with young ones or eggs in it "with baby birds or eggs in the nest" -## and the mother sitting on the young ## +# the mother sitting on the young -"and the mother bird is sitting on the baby birds" +"the mother bird is sitting on the baby birds" -## and that you may prolong your days ## +# prolong your days -AT: "and that you will continue to live for a long time" or "and that you will continue to live in the Promised Land for a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/25.md). AT: "be able to live a long time." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/08.md b/deu/22/08.md index 70e66e76e7..257f6c6f56 100644 --- a/deu/22/08.md +++ b/deu/22/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## then you must make a railing for your roof ## +# General Information: -"then you must make a low fence around the edge of your roof" +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## so that you do not bring blood on your house ## +# a railing for your roof + +a low fence around the edge of the roof so people will not fall off the roof + +# so that you do not bring blood on your house Blood is a symbol for death. AT: "so that it will not be the fault of your household if someone dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## if anyone falls from there ## +# if anyone falls from there "if anyone falls from the roof because you did not make a railing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/09.md b/deu/22/09.md index bcad63d39d..d7c1952c8c 100644 --- a/deu/22/09.md +++ b/deu/22/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## so that the whole harvest is not confiscated by the sanctuary ## +# General Information: -AT: "so that the priests in Yahweh's sanctuary do not take away the whole harvest" or "so that the whole harvest is not defiled so that you are not allowed to use it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## and the yield of the vineyard ## +# so that the whole harvest is not confiscated by the holy place -AT: "and the fruit that grows in the vineyard" +The words "holy place" is a metonym for the priests who work in the holy place. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the priests in Yahweh's holy place do not take away the whole harvest" or "so that you do not defile the whole harvest and the priests do not allow you to use it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## wool ## +# the yield of the vineyard + +"the fruit that grows in the vineyard" + +# wool soft, curly hair that grows on a sheep -## linen ## +# linen -thread made from a flax plant \ No newline at end of file +thread made from the flax plant (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/12.md b/deu/22/12.md index 1a078473c8..f860241d8f 100644 --- a/deu/22/12.md +++ b/deu/22/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## fringes ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -See how you translated "tassels" in [Numbers 15:37](../../num/15/37.md). +# fringes -## of the cloak with which you clothe yourself ## +"tassels." These are threads that are bound together and hang from the end of each corner of the cloak. -AT: "of the outer-cloth which you wear" \ No newline at end of file +# the cloak + +a long garment that a person wears over his other clothes \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/13.md b/deu/22/13.md index 1aa54c6545..e53c1cf015 100644 --- a/deu/22/13.md +++ b/deu/22/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## and then accuses her of shameful things ## +# then accuses her of shameful things -AT: "and then accuses her of having slept with someone before she was married" +"then accuses her of having slept with someone before she was married" -## and puts a bad reputation on her ## +# puts a bad reputation on her -AT: "and gives her a bad reputation" +The abstract noun "reputation" can be translated as a verb phrase. AT: "makes other people think she is a bad person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## but when I came near to her ## +# but when I came near to her -AT: "but when I slept with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a polite way of saying "to have sexual relations with someone." AT: "but when I slept with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## I found no proof of virginity in her ## +# I found no proof of virginity in her -AT: "I did not find proof that she was a virgin" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "proof" can be translated as a verb phrase. AT: "she could not prove to me that she was a virgin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/15.md b/deu/22/15.md index 8198731846..92f8e3f580 100644 --- a/deu/22/15.md +++ b/deu/22/15.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## must take proof of her virginity ## +# must take proof of her virginity -"must take proof that she was a virgin" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract nouns "proof" and "virginity" can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "must take something that proves that she has never had sexual relations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/16.md b/deu/22/16.md index 8a3c222e76..8ede56ab44 100644 --- a/deu/22/16.md +++ b/deu/22/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## he has accused her of shameful things ## +# he has accused her of shameful things -AT: "he has accused her of having slept with someone before their marriage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "he has accused her of having slept with someone before he married her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I did not find in your daughter the proof of virginity ## +# I did not find in your daughter the proof of virginity -AT: "I did not find proof that your daughter was a virgin" +The abstract nouns "proof" and "virginity" can be translated as verb phrases. AT: "Your daughter could not prove that she has never had sexual relations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## yet this is the proof of my daughter’s virginity ## +# But here is the proof of my daughter's virginity -AT: "but here is the proof that my daughter was a virgin" +The abstract nouns "proof" and "virginity" can be translated as verb phrases. AT: "But this proves that my daughter has never had sexual relations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## And then they will spread the garment out before the elders of the city ## +# Then they will spread the garment out before the elders of the city -The clothing had a bloodstain from the daughter's wedding night, which showed that her wedding night was the first time she had slept with anyone. AT: "And then the mother and father will show the clothing with the bloodstain to the elders as proof of her virginity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "And then the mother and father will show the clothing with the bloodstain to the elders as proof that she was a virgin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/18.md b/deu/22/18.md index 4510d2f5c2..4f27c8cbc0 100644 --- a/deu/22/18.md +++ b/deu/22/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## and they must fine him ## +# they must fine him -"and they must make him pay as a punishment" +"they must make him pay as a punishment" -## one hundred shekels ## +# one hundred shekels -"100 shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"100 shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## and give them to the father of the girl ## +# give them to the father of the girl -"and give the money to the father of the girl" +"give the money to the father of the girl" -## he may not send her away ## +# has caused a bad reputation for a virgin of Israel -AT: "he is not allowed to divorce her" +The abstract noun "reputation" can be translated as a verb phrase. AT: "has caused people to think that a virgin of Israel is a bad person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## during all his days ## +# he may not send her away -AT: "for his entire life" \ No newline at end of file +"never allow him to divorce her" + +# during all his days + +This is an idiom. AT: "for his entire life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/20.md b/deu/22/20.md index 1fa0c30ae7..0ed9d2486a 100644 --- a/deu/22/20.md +++ b/deu/22/20.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## But if this thing is true ## +# But if this thing is true -"But if the accusation is true" +"But if it is true" or "But if what the man said is true" -## that the proof of virginity was not found in the girl ## +# that the proof of virginity was not found in the girl -AT: "that the man did not find proof that the girl was a virgin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the man did not find proof that the girl was a virgin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## then they must bring out the girl ## +# the proof of virginity + +The abstract nouns "proof" and "virginity" can be translated as verb phrases. AT: "something that proves that the girl has never had sexual relations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# then they must bring out the girl "then the elders must bring out the girl" -## because she has committed a disgraceful action in Israel ## +# stone her to death with stones + +"throw stones at her until she dies" + +# because she has committed a disgraceful action in Israel "because she has done a disgraceful thing in Israel" -## to act as a harlot in her father’s house ## +# to act as a harlot in her father's house -AT: "acting like a harlot while living in her father's house" +"acting like a harlot while living in her father's house" -## In this manner ## +# you will remove the evil -"In this way" - -## you will remove the evil ## - -"you will get rid of the evil" or "you will destroy the evil" \ No newline at end of file +The adjective "evil" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing" or "you must execute this evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/22.md b/deu/22/22.md index 5b2128eead..34a1e550a3 100644 --- a/deu/22/22.md +++ b/deu/22/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## If a man is found ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "If someone finds a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# If a man is found -## In this manner ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If someone finds a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"In this way" +# and you will remove -## you will remove the evil ## - -"you will get rid of the evil" or "you will destroy the evil" \ No newline at end of file +"in this way you will remove" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/23.md b/deu/22/23.md index b92ac08ff8..b935962492 100644 --- a/deu/22/23.md +++ b/deu/22/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## engaged to a man ## +# General Information: -AT: "who is promised to marry a man" +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## take them both ## +# engaged to a man -AT: "then you must bring both the girl and the man who slept with her" +"who is promised to marry a man" -## because she did not cry out ## +# take ... and stone + +These commands are addressed to Israel as a group and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# take both of them + +"then you must bring both the girl and the man who slept with her" + +# because she did not cry out "because she did not call for help" -## because he has violated his neighbor's wife ## +# because he violated his neighbor's wife -A girl who was engaged to a man belonged to that man like a wife. AT: "because he has slept with a girl who belongs to a fellow Israelite" +The Israelites at that time thought of a man and woman who had engaged each other for marriage as husband and wife. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "because he slept with a girl who belongs to a fellow Israelite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## you will remove the evil from among you ## +# you will remove the evil from among you -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 22:22](./22.md). \ No newline at end of file +The adjective "evil" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing" or "you must execute this evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/25.md b/deu/22/25.md index 02f3a9f6ca..2210abd23b 100644 --- a/deu/22/25.md +++ b/deu/22/25.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## the engaged girl ## +# the engaged girl -AT: "the girl who is promised to be married" +This means a girl whose parents have agreed to let her marry a certain man, but the girl has not married him yet. -## then only the man who lay with her must die ## +# then only the man who sleeps with her must die -AT: "then you must only kill the man who slept with her" +"then you must only kill the man who slept with her" -## there is no sin worthy of death in the girl ## +# there is no sin worthy of death in the girl -AT: "she has not done anything wrong that deserves death" +"you are not to punish her by killing her for what she did" -## For this case is like when a man attacks his neighbor and kills him ## +# For this case is like when a man attacks his neighbor and kills him -AT: "Because this situation is like the situation when somebody attacks another person and kills him" +"Because this situation is like the situation when somebody attacks another person and kills him" -## For he meets a girl in the field ## +# For he found her in the field -AT: "Because the man found the girl working in the field" - -## the engaged girl cried out ## - -AT: "the girl who was promised to be married called for help" \ No newline at end of file +"Because the man found the girl working in the field" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/28.md b/deu/22/28.md index 5136b7bbda..4d489ab4fe 100644 --- a/deu/22/28.md +++ b/deu/22/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## but who is not engaged ## +# but who is not engaged -"but who is not promised to be married" +"but whose parents have not promised another man that she will marry him" -## and if they are discovered ## +# if they are discovered -AT: "and if somebody finds out what happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if somebody finds out what happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## He may not send her away during all his days ## +# fifty shekels of silver -AT: "He may never divorce her during his entire life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +A shekel weighs eleven grams. AT: "fifty pieces of silver" or "550 grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He may not send her away during all his days + +This is an idiom. AT: "He must never divorce her during his entire life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/30.md b/deu/22/30.md index 0d6d2b5e0b..7279655020 100644 --- a/deu/22/30.md +++ b/deu/22/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## must not take his father’s wife as his own ## +# must not take his father's wife as his own -AT: "must not marry his father's former wife, even if she is not his mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "must not marry his father's former wife, even if she is not his mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/22/intro.md b/deu/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..efc10ad5cc --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 22 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Order in Israel ##### +The instructions in this chapter help to maintain order in this chapter. The people are to have integrity. The people's sin will result in serious punishment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Virgin woman ##### +If a woman was not a virgin, she was not considered to be worth marrying. The man who slept with her was responsible for providing for her since she will not be able to find a husband to provide for her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/01.md b/deu/23/01.md index 8374fffc9e..c2a5af4ace 100644 --- a/deu/23/01.md +++ b/deu/23/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## may not belong to the assembly of Yahweh ## +# man injured by crushing or cutting off -AT: "may not be a full member of the Israelite community" +"man whose private body parts someone has crushed or cut off" -## illegitimate child ## +# may enter the assembly of Yahweh -Possible meanings are 1) a child born to parents who committed incest or adultery, 2) a child born to a prostitute, or 3) a child born to a prostitute serving a false god +This is an idiom. AT: "may be a full member of the Israelite community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants ## +# illegitimate child -AT: "even after 10 generations of the illegitimate child's descendants" +Possible meanings are 1) a child born to parents who committed incest or adultery or 2) a child born to a prostitute. -## none of them ## +# as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants + +This "tenth" is the ordinal number for ten. AT: "even after ten generations of the illegitimate child's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# none of them "none of these descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/03.md b/deu/23/03.md index 5954252055..54e630e0b7 100644 --- a/deu/23/03.md +++ b/deu/23/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## may not belong to the assembly of Yahweh ## +# may not belong to the assembly of Yahweh -AT: "may not be a full member of the Israelite community" +This is an idiom. AT: "may not be a full member of the Israelite community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants ## +# as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants -AT: "even after 10 generations of his descendants" +This "tenth"is the ordinal number for ten. AT: "even after ten generations of his descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## they did not meet you with bread and with water ## +# they did not meet you with bread and with water -This was a way to welcome strangers and travelers. AT: "they did not welcome you by bringing you food and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "they did not welcome you by bringing you food and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Balaam, the son of Beor from Pethor ## +# against you ... curse you -See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:5](../../num/22/05.md). \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/05.md b/deu/23/05.md index d97d734f61..7fce062497 100644 --- a/deu/23/05.md +++ b/deu/23/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## would not listen ## +# General Information: -AT: "did not pay attention" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## turned the curse into a blessing for you ## +# would not listen -AT: "changed the curse so that it was a blessing for you" +This is an idiom. AT: "did not pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## You must never seek their peace or prosperity ## +# turned the curse into a blessing for you -Possible meanings are 1) "You should never make a peace treaty with the Ammonites and the Moabites" or 2) "You must not do anything to cause things to go well for those 2 people groups to enable them to prosper" +"had him bless you and not curse you" -## during all your days ## +# You must never seek their peace or prosperity -AT: "as long as you are a nation" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "You should never make a peace treaty with the Ammonites and the Moabites" or 2) "You must not do anything to cause things to go well for those 2 people groups to enable them to prosper" . + +# during all your days + +This is an idiom. AT: "as long as you are a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/07.md b/deu/23/07.md index 32b7aab136..e3b8635f0a 100644 --- a/deu/23/07.md +++ b/deu/23/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## You must not detest an Edomite ## +# General Information: -AT: "Do not hate an Edomite" +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## for he is your fellow Israelite ## +# You must not detest an Edomite -AT: "because he is your relative" +"Do not hate an Edomite" -## you must not abhor an Egyptian ## +# for he is your brother -AT: "do not hate an Egyptian" +"because he is your relative" -## The descendants of the third generation that are born to them may belong to the assembly of Yahweh ## +# you must not abhor an Egyptian -AT: "If an Edomite or an Egyptian comes to live in the Israelite community, his grandchildren may become full members of that community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"do not hate an Egyptian" + +# The descendants of the third generation that are born to them may belong to the assembly of Yahweh + +This "third" is the ordinal number for three. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "If an Edomite or an Egyptian comes to live in the Israelite community, his grandchildren may become full members of that community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/09.md b/deu/23/09.md index 21cca427f3..68043b61f9 100644 --- a/deu/23/09.md +++ b/deu/23/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## against your enemies ## +# When you march out as an army against your enemies, then you must keep yourselves + +Moses speaks here to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# against your enemies "to fight against your enemies" -## keep yourselves from every evil thing ## +# keep yourselves from every evil thing "keep yourselves away from all bad things" -## any man who is unclean because of what happened to him at night ## +# any man who is unclean because of what happened to him at night -AT: "any man who is unclean because he had an emission of semen while he was asleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite way of saying that he had an emission of semen. AT: "any man who is unclean because he had an emission of semen while he was asleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/12.md b/deu/23/12.md index 7c87bcd896..f9c2b42806 100644 --- a/deu/23/12.md +++ b/deu/23/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## and you will have something among your tools to dig with ## +# General Information: -AT: "and you should have a tool that you can use to dig with" +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## when you squat down to relieve yourself ## +# you will have something among your tools to dig with -AT: "when you squat down to poop" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"you should have a tool that you can use to dig with" -## you must dig with it ## +# when you squat down to relieve yourself + +This is a polite way of saying to defecate. AT: "when you squat down to defecate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# you must dig with it "you must dig a hole with the tool" -## cover up what has come out from you ## +# cover up what has come out from you -"cover up your poop" +"cover up your excrement" -## so that he may not see any unclean thing among you ## +# so that he may not see any unclean thing among you "so that Yahweh may not see any unclean thing among you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/15.md b/deu/23/15.md index 6135311816..cdc7ffab6e 100644 --- a/deu/23/15.md +++ b/deu/23/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## a slave who has escaped from his master ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "a slave from another country who escaped from his master and came to Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] ) +# a slave who has escaped from his master -## Let him live with you ## +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "a slave from another country who escaped from his master and came to Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let him live with you "Let the slave live among your people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/17.md b/deu/23/17.md index 50d2140ca8..1b87361eb6 100644 --- a/deu/23/17.md +++ b/deu/23/17.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## There must be no prostitute among any of the daughters of Israel ## +# General Information: -Possible meanings are 1) "None of the Israelite women should be prostitutes for a temple" or 2) "None of the Israelite women should be prostitutes" +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## neither must there be a sodomite among the sons of Israel ## +# cultic prostitute ... cultic prostitute ... prostitute ... dog -Possible meanings are 1) "and none of the Israelite men should be prostitutes for a temple either" or 2) "and none of the Israelite men should be prostitutes either" +Yahweh gives a complete list of both forms of prostitution by both men and women to forbid prostitution by anyone for any reason. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## You must not bring the wages of a sacred female prostitute ## +# cultic prostitute ... among any of the daughters ... among the sons -AT: "If a woman earns money from prostitution, you must not bring that money" +Possible meanings are that Moses 1) openly forbids women and men to perform sexual acts as part of temple service or 2) uses a euphemism to forbid women and men to perform sexual acts to receive money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## or the wages of a sacred male prostitute ## +# You must not bring the wages of a prostitute ... into the house -AT: "or the money a man earns from prostitution" +"A woman who earns money as a prostitute must not bring that money ... into the house" -## into the house of Yahweh your God ## +# a dog + +a man who allows men to have sex with him for money + +# into the house of Yahweh your God "into the temple" -## for any vow ## +# for any vow -AT: "to fulfill a vow" +"to fulfill a vow" -## both these ## +# both these -The phrase "both these" refers to the wages of a sacred female prostitute and the wages of a sacred male prostitute. \ No newline at end of file +the wages of a female prostitute and of a male prostitute. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/19.md b/deu/23/19.md index 17a36dc8a8..2c27875dc2 100644 --- a/deu/23/19.md +++ b/deu/23/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## You must not lend on interest to your fellow Israelite ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "If you lend something to your fellow Israelite, you must not make him pay you back more than he borrowed" +# You must not lend on interest to your fellow Israelite -## lend on interest ## +"If you lend something to your fellow Israelite, you must not make him pay you back more than he borrowed" -to charge an extra amount, when you lend to somebody, which is more than the amount that the person borrowed +# lend on interest -## interest of money...anything that is lent on interest ## +to lend to somebody and force that person to pay back more than was lent -AT: "you must not charge interest when you lend somebody money, food, or anything else" +# interest of money ... anything that is lent on interest -## in all that you put your hand to ## +"you must not charge interest when you lend somebody money, food, or anything else" -AT: "in all that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# all that you put your hand to + +This is an idiom. AT: "all that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/21.md b/deu/23/21.md index 6eb6c9a00c..defe9de377 100644 --- a/deu/23/21.md +++ b/deu/23/21.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## you must not be slow in fulfilling it ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "you must not take a long time to fulfill the vow" +# you must not be slow in fulfilling it -## for Yahweh your God will surely require it of you ## +"you must not take a long time to fulfill the vow" -AT: "because Yahweh your God will blame you and punish you if you do not fulfill your vow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# for Yahweh your God will surely require it of you -## But if you will refrain from making a vow, it will be no sin in you ## +"because Yahweh your God will blame you and punish you if you do not fulfill your vow" -AT: "But, if you do not make a vow, you will not sin because you will not have a vow to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# But if you will refrain from making a vow, it will be no sin for you -## That which has gone out from your lips ## +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "But, if you do not make a vow, you will not sin because you will not have a vow to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "Anything that you solemnly promise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# That which has gone out from your lips -## according as you have vowed to Yahweh your God ## +This is an idiom. AT: "The words you have spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "whatever you have vowed to Yahweh your God that you will do" +# according as you have vowed to Yahweh your God -## anything that you have freely promised with your mouth ## +"whatever you have vowed to Yahweh your God that you will do" -AT: "anything that you have voluntarily promised with your words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# anything that you have freely promised with your mouth + +"anything that people have heard you promise to do because you wanted to do it" + +# with your mouth + +"so that people heard you say it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/24.md b/deu/23/24.md index e4e6fa8849..dd5d1845e3 100644 --- a/deu/23/24.md +++ b/deu/23/24.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## you may eat as many grapes as you desire ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "then you may enjoy eating grapes until you are full" +# you may eat as many grapes as you desire -## but do not put any in your basket ## +"then you may enjoy eating grapes until you are full" -AT: "but you may not put any grapes in your bag to take them away with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# but do not put any in your basket -## When you go into your neighbor’s ripe grain ## +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "but you may not put any grapes in your bag to take them away with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "When you walk through your neighbor's field where there is grain growing" +# When you go into your neighbor's ripe grain -## then you may pluck the heads of grain with your hand ## +"When you walk through your neighbor's field where there is grain growing" -AT: "then you may eat as many kernels of grain as you can take with your hand" +# you may pluck the heads of grain with your hand -## but you must not put a sickle to your neighbor’s standing grain ## +"then you may eat the kernels of grain with your hand" -AT: "but do not put a sickle to your neighbor’s ripe grain" +# but do not put a sickle to your neighbor's ripe grain -## sickle ## +"but do not cut down your neighbor's ripe grain and take it with you" + +# sickle a sharp tool that farmers use to harvest wheat \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/23/intro.md b/deu/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7373e0347d --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Deuteronomy 23 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The assembly of Yahweh ##### +This was probably the corporate worship of Yahweh, when the people would come together to worship him. + +##### Racial superiority ##### +Yahweh viewed Israel as superior to the other nations of Canaan. In many cultures, this may be seen as immoral. It must be remembered that the instructions of this chapter are very remote from the modern world. These people groups were always sinful and idolatrous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/01.md b/deu/24/01.md index 7de652ee34..d7db07ac1f 100644 --- a/deu/24/01.md +++ b/deu/24/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## When a man takes a wife and marries her ## +# When a man takes a wife and marries her -The phrases "takes a wife" and "marries her" mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. AT: "When a man marries a wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The phrases "takes a wife" and "marries her" mean the same thing. AT: "When a man marries a woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## if she finds no favor in his eyes ## +# if she finds no favor in his eyes -AT: "if he decides that he does not like her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the "eyes" represent the whole person. AT: "if he decides that he does not like her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## because he has found some unsuitable thing in her ## +# because he has found some unsuitable thing in her -AT: "because he has decided that she is an unacceptable wife for some reason" +"because for some reason he has decided that he does not want to keep her" -## he must write her a bill of divorcement ## +# he must write her a certificate of divorce -AT: "he must give his wife an official paper saying that they are not married any more" +"he must give his wife an official paper saying that they are not married anymore" -## she may go and be another man's wife ## +# she may go and be another man's wife -AT: "she may go and marry another man" \ No newline at end of file +"she may go and marry another man" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/03.md b/deu/24/03.md index 1fdf1cb29f..ee1159e224 100644 --- a/deu/24/03.md +++ b/deu/24/03.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel about a woman who gets divorced and marries another man. +# General Information: -## If the second husband hates her ## +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel about a woman who gets a divorce and marries another man. + +# General Information: + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# If the second husband hates her "If the second husband decides that he hates the woman" -## certificate of divorce ## +# certificate of divorce -an official paper saying that the man and woman are not married any more +This is an official paper saying that the man and woman are not married anymore. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 24:1](./01.md). -## puts it into her hand ## +# puts it into her hand -AT: "gives it to the woman" +"gives it to the woman" -## the man who took her to be his wife ## +# the man who took her to be his wife -AT: "the second man who married the woman" +"the second man who married the woman" -## after she has become impure ## +# after she has become impure -AT: "after she has become unclean by the divorce and remarriage of another man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "after she has become unclean by the divorce and remarriage to another man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## You must not cause the land to become guilty ## +# You must not cause the land to become guilty The land is spoken of as if it could sin. AT: "You must not spread guilt around in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/05.md b/deu/24/05.md index 8ea1ec8ed9..cfa24e9a56 100644 --- a/deu/24/05.md +++ b/deu/24/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## when a man takes a new wife ## +# When a man takes a new wife -AT: "when a man is newly married to a woman" +"When a man is newly married to a woman" -## neither may he be commanded to go on any forced duty ## +# neither may he be commanded to go on any forced duty -AT: "and the government may not command him to live away from his home in order to do any kind of work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and no one is to force him to live away from his home and do any kind of work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he will be free to be at home ## +# he will be free to be at home "he will be free to live at home" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/06.md b/deu/24/06.md index 77ce1fcce4..9b1a404ed2 100644 --- a/deu/24/06.md +++ b/deu/24/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## mill ## +# mill a tool for making flour by grinding grain in between two heavy discs of stone -## upper millstone ## +# upper millstone the top disc of stone in a mill -## for that would be taking a person's life as a pledge ## +# for that would be taking a person's life as a pledge -AT: "because he would be taking from the man what the man needs to make food for his family" \ No newline at end of file +The word "life" is a metonym for what a person needs to keep himself alive. AT: "because he would be taking from the man what the man needs to make food for his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/07.md b/deu/24/07.md index ad5ed5a961..ca099f77d6 100644 --- a/deu/24/07.md +++ b/deu/24/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## kidnapping ## +# General Information: -taking someone away, using physical force +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## any of his brothers of the people of Israel ## +# If a man is found kidnapping + +This is an idiom for "If a man kidnaps." It can be stated in active form. AT: "If you find a man kidnapping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# kidnapping + +using physical force to take an innocent person away from his home and imprison him + +# any of his brothers from among the people of Israel "any of his fellow Israelites" -## that thief must die ## +# that thief must die -AT: "then other Israelites should kill that thief as a punishment for what he did" +"then other Israelites should kill that thief as a punishment for what he did" -## you will remove the evil from among you ## +# you will remove the evil from among you -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 21:20](../21/20.md). \ No newline at end of file +The adjective "evil" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing" or "you must execute this evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/08.md b/deu/24/08.md index ea13c95ba2..a2d333c611 100644 --- a/deu/24/08.md +++ b/deu/24/08.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Take heed regarding any plague of leprosy ## +# Take heed ... you carefully observe ... Call to mind what Yahweh your God -AT: "be careful every time you have a plague of leprosy" +Moses speaks to the Israelites here as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" and the commands "take heed" and "call to mind" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## every instruction given to you which the priests, the Levites, teach you ## +# Take heed regarding any plague of leprosy -AT: "all of the instructions which the priests, who are Levites, teach you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Pay attention if you suffer from leprosy" or "Pay attention if you have leprosy" -## as I commanded them, so you will act ## +# every instruction given to you which the priests, the Levites, teach you -AT: "you must make sure that you do exactly what I have commanded them" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all of the instructions that I have given you and that the priests, who are Levites, teach you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## commanded them ## +# teach you ... you will act ... you were coming out + +Moses here speaks to the Israelites as a group, so these instances of the word "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# as I commanded them, so you will act + +"you must make sure that you do exactly what I have commanded them" + +# commanded them The word "them" refers to the priests, who are Levites. -## call to mind ## +# Call to mind -AT: "remember" +This is an idiom. AT: "Remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## as you came out of Egypt ## +# as you were coming out of Egypt -AT: "during the time after you had left Egypt" \ No newline at end of file +"during the time when you were leaving Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/10.md b/deu/24/10.md index 76dc9419ed..44f231fde0 100644 --- a/deu/24/10.md +++ b/deu/24/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## When you make your neighbor any kind of loan ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "When you loan something to your neighbor" +# When you make your neighbor any kind of loan -## to fetch his pledge ## +"When you loan something to your neighbor" + +# to fetch his pledge "to take his pledge" -## You will stand outside ## +# his pledge -AT: "You should wait outside his house" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to what he has promised that he would give you if he did not pay back the loan. + +# You will stand outside + +"You should wait outside his house" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/12.md b/deu/24/12.md index 679bd26d5e..97d8f7542e 100644 --- a/deu/24/12.md +++ b/deu/24/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## you must not sleep with his pledge in your possession ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "you must not keep his pledge during the night" +# you must not sleep with his pledge in your possession -## You must surely restore to him the pledge ## +"you must not keep his coat overnight" -AT: "You must surely give the pledge back to him" +# his pledge -## so that he may sleep in his cloak and bless you ## +This refers to what he has promised that he would give you if he did not pay back the loan. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 24:10](./10.md). -AT: "so that he will have his cloak to keep himself warm when he sleeps, and he will be grateful to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# restore to him the pledge -## cloak ## +"give him back what he has given you to show that he will pay back the loan" -clothing that keeps a person warm at night +# so that he may sleep in his cloak and bless you -## it will be righteousness for you before Yahweh your God ## +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "so that he will have his coat to keep himself warm when he sleeps, and he will be grateful to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "Yahweh your God will approve of the way you handled this matter" \ No newline at end of file +# cloak + +a coat or other clothing that keeps a person warm at night. This was probably the "pledge" Moses was speaking of in [Deuteronomy 24:10-12](./10.md) + +# it will be righteousness for you before Yahweh your God + +"Yahweh your God will approve of the way you handled this matter" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/14.md b/deu/24/14.md index 69d309700c..02963b1bb8 100644 --- a/deu/24/14.md +++ b/deu/24/14.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## You must not oppress a hired servant ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "You must not treat a hired servant poorly" +# You must not oppress a hired servant -## hired servant ## +"You must not treat a hired servant poorly" + +# hired servant a person who gets paid daily for his work -## poor and needy ## +# poor and needy -These two words have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two words have similar meanings and emphasize that this is a person who cannot help himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## within your city gates ## +# within your city gates -AT: "in one of your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "city gates" mean towns or cities. AT: "in one of your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Each day you must give him his wage ## +# Each day you must give him his wage -AT: "You should give the man the money he earns every single day" +"You should give the man the money he earns every single day" -## the sun must not go down on this unsettled matter ## +# the sun must not go down on this unsettled matter -AT: "you should pay the man before he goes home for the night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. The Israelites considered the new day as starting when the sun went down. AT: "you should pay the man on the same day he does the work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## for he is poor and is counting on it ## +# for he is poor and is counting on it -AT: "because he is poor and depends on his wages to buy his food for the day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "because he is poor and depends on his wages to buy his food for the next day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## cry out against you to Yahweh ## +# he does not cry out against you to Yahweh -AT: "call out to Yahweh and ask him to punish you" \ No newline at end of file +"he does not call out to Yahweh and ask him to punish you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/16.md b/deu/24/16.md index 02f0df55e3..d3e62d68b5 100644 --- a/deu/24/16.md +++ b/deu/24/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## The parents must not be put to death for their children ## +# The parents must not be put to death for their children -AT: "You must not put a parent to death because of something bad that one of his children did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must not execute the parents because of something bad that one of their children did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## neither must the children be put to death for their parents ## +# neither must the children be put to death for their parents -AT: "and you must not put a child to death because of something bad that one of his parents did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form, AT: "and you must not execute the children because of something bad that their parents did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## everyone must be put to death for his own sin ## +# everyone must be put to death for his own sin -AT: "you should only put a person to death because of something bad that he did himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you should only execute a person because of something bad that he did himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/17.md b/deu/24/17.md index 46610085c8..3992ea95b8 100644 --- a/deu/24/17.md +++ b/deu/24/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## You must not force away the justice that is due the foreigner or the fatherless ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "You must make sure that you treat foreigners and orphans justly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +# You must not use force to take away the justice that is due the foreigner or the fatherless -## take the widow’s cloak as a pledge ## +Moses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a stronger person can violently pull away from a weaker person. AT: "You must not treat a foreigner or the fatherless unfairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "take as a pledge the clothing a widow needs to stay warm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# fatherless -## call to mind ## +This refers to children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. -AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# nor take the widow's cloak as a pledge + +A lender would take something from the borrower to ensure that she would pay him back. He was not allowed to take her coat because she needed it to stay warm. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "and do not take a widow's cloak as a pledge because she needs it to stay warm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# call to mind + +This is an idiom. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/19.md b/deu/24/19.md index 333dc63654..d55c83f4f3 100644 --- a/deu/24/19.md +++ b/deu/24/19.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## When you reap your harvest in your field ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "When you cut down the grain in your field" +# When you reap your harvest in your field -## a sheaf ## +"When you cut down the grain in your field" -a bundle of grain stalks +# a sheaf -## it must be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widow ## +grain that the reaper has tied together -AT: "you must leave the sheaf for a foreigner, an orphan, or for a widow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# it must be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widow -## in all the work of your hands ## +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "you must leave the sheaf so a foreigner, an orphan, or a widow can take it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 14:28](../14/28.md). +# in all the work of your hands -## when you shake your olive tree ## +Here "hands" refers to the whole person. AT: "in all the work that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "when you shake the branches of your olive tree, causing the olives to fall to the ground so you can pick them up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# When you shake your olive tree -## you must not go over the branches again ## +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "When you shake the branches of your olive tree, causing the olives to fall to the ground so you can pick them up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -AT: "do not pick every single olive from the tree" +# you must not go over the branches again -## it will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widow ## +"do not pick every single olive from the tree" -AT: "the olives that stay on the branches are for foreigners, orphans, or widows" \ No newline at end of file +# it will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widow + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "the olives that stay on the branches are for foreigners, orphans, and widows to pick and take with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/21.md b/deu/24/21.md index 8741776ad7..c7cc536192 100644 --- a/deu/24/21.md +++ b/deu/24/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## it will be for the foreigner ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "the grapes that you do not pick will be for the foreigner" +# What is left over will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow -## call to mind ## +"The grapes that you do not pick will be for the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow to pick" -AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow + +These refer to groups of people. AT: "for foreigners, for those who are fatherless, and for the widows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# call to mind + +This is an idiom. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/24/intro.md b/deu/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0cdd4cb055 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Deuteronomy 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +This chapter continues the teaching about how to maintain justice in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "No man may take a mill or an upper millstone as a pledge" ##### +A millstone was the way a person made a living. To take a person's millstone was to take take away the way they earned money and produced food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Lending money ##### +Lending money to fellow Israelites was a way to help them out. It was not intended to be a way to make money off their brothers. This chapter gives limitations regarding the lending of money. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/01.md b/deu/25/01.md index 8cb49cae03..4d77bc7ecf 100644 --- a/deu/25/01.md +++ b/deu/25/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## If there is a dispute between men ## +# If the guilty man deserves to be beaten -AT: "If there is a disagreement between 2 men" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If the judge orders them to beat the guilty man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## If the guilty man deserves to be beaten ## +# be beaten in his presence -AT: "If the guilty man deserves a beating as a punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will watch them beat him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and be beaten in his presence ## +# with the ordered number of blows, as was his crime -AT: "and watch him get a beating" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## with the ordered number of blows, as was his crime ## - -AT: "with the number of hits appropriate for his crime" \ No newline at end of file +"the number of times he has ordered because of the bad deed he did" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/03.md b/deu/25/03.md index 189ba0d083..da3b90fba9 100644 --- a/deu/25/03.md +++ b/deu/25/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## The judge may give him forty blows ## +# The judge may give him forty blows -AT: "The judge may say that he gets a punishment of 40 hits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"The judge may say that they should beat the guilty person 40 times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## but he may not exceed that number ## +# but he may not exceed that number -AT: "but the judge may not give him a punishment of more than 40 hits" +"but the judge may not order them to beat him more than 40 times" -## for if he should exceed that number and beat him with many more blows ## +# for if he should exceed that number and beat him with many more blows -AT: "because if the judge gives him a punishment of many more than 40 hits" +"because if the judge orders them to beat him many more than 40 times" -## then your fellow Israelite would be humiliated in your view ## +# then your fellow Israelite would be humiliated before your eyes -AT: "then you would humiliate your fellow Israelite in front of all of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This may be stated in active form. AT: "then the judge would humiliate your fellow Israelite in front of all of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# humiliated before your eyes + +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. AT: "humiliated, and you would all see it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/04.md b/deu/25/04.md index 1274ed88d9..4ef69b44b5 100644 --- a/deu/25/04.md +++ b/deu/25/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## You must not muzzle the ox ## +# You must not muzzle the ox "You must not put something over the mouth of an ox" -## when he treads out the grain ## +# when he treads out the grain -AT: "when he works to separate the ears of grain from the rest of the plant" \ No newline at end of file +while he separates the grain from the chaff by walking on it or dragging heavy wood over it \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/05.md b/deu/25/05.md index a8d6c8cf1c..d8003712a6 100644 --- a/deu/25/05.md +++ b/deu/25/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. -## If brothers live together ## +# If brothers live together -Possible meanings are: 1) "If brothers live on the same property" or 2) "If brothers live near each other" +Possible meanings are: 1) "If brothers live on the same property" or 2) "If brothers live near each other." -## then the wife of the dead man must not be married off ## +# then the wife of the dead man must not be married off to someone -AT: "then the family of the dead man must not let the widow get married" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "then the family of the dead man must not let the widow marry someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and do the duty of a husband's brother to her ## +# do the duty of a husband's brother to her -AT: "and do what the brother of a dead husband is supposed to do" +"do what the brother of a dead husband is supposed to do" -## will succeed in the name of that man’s dead brother ## +# will succeed in the name of that man's dead brother -AT: "will continue the family line of that man's dead brother" +The word "name" is a metonym for the person's family line. AT: "will continue the family line of that man's dead brother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## so that his name will not perish from Israel ## +# so that his name will not perish from Israel -"so that his family line will not disappear from Israel" \ No newline at end of file +The word "name" is a metonym for the person's family line. AT: "so that his family line will not disappear from Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/07.md b/deu/25/07.md index 7634dde386..596d510f07 100644 --- a/deu/25/07.md +++ b/deu/25/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## must go up to the gate to the elders ## +# must go up to the gate to the elders -AT: "must go up to the city gate where the elders judge cases" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "must go up to the city gate where the elders judge cases" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## refuses to raise up for his brother a name ## +# refuses to raise up for his brother a name -AT: "refuses to give his brother a son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "name" refers to the memory of someone through his descendants. AT: "refuses to give his brother a son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he will not perform the duty of a husband’s brother to me ## +# he will not perform the duty of a husband's brother to me -AT: "he will not do what a husband's brother is supposed to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"he will not do what a husband's brother is supposed to do and marry me" -## I do not wish to take her ## +# I do not wish to take her -"I do not wish to marry her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I do not wish to marry her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/09.md b/deu/25/09.md index 41bf31e42d..c70a27c4ab 100644 --- a/deu/25/09.md +++ b/deu/25/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## must come up to him in the presence of the elders ## +# must come up to him in the presence of the elders -AT: "must walk up close to him with the elders there watching" +"must walk up close to him with the elders there watching" -## who does not build up his brother’s house ## +# who does not build up his brother's house -AT: "who does not give his brother a son and continue his brother's family line" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Here "house" is a metonym for the family. AT: "who does not give his brother a son and continue his brother's family line" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## His name will be called in Israel ## +# His name will be called in Israel -AT: "People in Israel will know his family as" +"People in Israel will know his family as" -## The house of him whose sandal has been taken off ## +# The house of him whose sandal has been taken off -AT: "The family of a man who did not marry the wife of his dead brother, and so his brother's wife took off his sandal" or "The family who is despised" or "The family who is shameful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here removing the sandal symbolizes that the brother would not receive any of the property of his dead brother. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "The house of him whose sandal his brother's widow took off his foot" or "The family of a man who did not marry the wife of his dead brother" or "The family whom everyone despises" or "The family who is shameful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/11.md b/deu/25/11.md index 3a879c0051..3a970532bf 100644 --- a/deu/25/11.md +++ b/deu/25/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## and the wife of one draws near ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"and the wife of one of the men comes close" +# out of the hand of him who struck him -## out of the hand of him who struck him ## +Here "hand" refers to power or control. AT: "so the one who struck him will not strike him again" or "from the man who hit him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "from the harm of the man who hit her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# your eye must have no pity -## your eye must have no pity ## - -AT: "you should not feel sorry for her" \ No newline at end of file +Here "eye" means the whole person. AT: "you should not feel sorry for her" or "you must not show her mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/13.md b/deu/25/13.md index 4ba7a0e0b4..742ca813bf 100644 --- a/deu/25/13.md +++ b/deu/25/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## You must not have in your bag different weights, a large and a small ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "You must not cheat people by using a weight that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a weight that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# You must not have in your bag different weights, a large and a small -## weight ## +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. You can also make clear the understood information. AT: "You must not cheat people by using a weight that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a weight that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -a stone used on a balance to figure out how much something weighs +# weights -## You must not have in your house different measures, a large and a small ## +Weights were stones used on a balance to determine how much something weighs -AT: "You must not cheat people by using a measure that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a measure that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# You must not have in your house different measures, a large and a small -## measure ## +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. You can also make clear the understood information. AT: "You must not cheat people by using a measure that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a measure that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -a basket or other container for measuring how much there is of something \ No newline at end of file +# measures + +A measure was a basket or other container for measuring how much there is of something. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/15.md b/deu/25/15.md index bf91d2fb0f..9b50aed398 100644 --- a/deu/25/15.md +++ b/deu/25/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## A perfect and just weight you must have ## +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel about using fair weights and measures when buying and selling. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "You must treat people justly by using a weight that weighs exactly the amount that you say it weighs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# A perfect and just -## a perfect and just measure you must have ## +"A correct and fair" -AT: "you must treat people justly by using a measure that is exactly the size that you say it is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# weight ... measure -## For all who do such things, all that act unrighteously ## +See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 25:13](./13.md). -"because everyone who cheats people by using different sized weights and measures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +# your days may be long + +This is an idiom. AT: "you may live for a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For all who do such things, all that act unrighteously + +"because everyone who cheats people by using different sized weights and measures" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/17.md b/deu/25/17.md index 9a207528c0..5c8f2fd59d 100644 --- a/deu/25/17.md +++ b/deu/25/17.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## Call to mind what Amalek did to you ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "Remember what the Amalekites did to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Call to mind what Amalek did to you -## how he met you on the road ## +This is an idiom, and "Amalek" is a metonym for the Amelikite people. AT: "Remember what the Amalekites did to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as you came out + +The word "you" here is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# how he met you on the road "how they met you along the way" -## and attacked those of you at the rear ## +# attacked those of you at the rear -"and attacked those of you who were in the back of the line" +"attacked those of your people who were in the back of the line" -## all who were feeble in your rear ## +# all who were feeble in your rear "all the people who were weak in the back of the line" -## faint and weary ## +# faint and weary -These words have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. AT: "tired and exhausted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These words have similar meanings and emphasize how tired the people were. AT: "tired and exhausted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## he did not honor God ## +# he did not honor God -AT: "this showed that the Amalekites were not afraid of God's punishment" or "this showed that the Amalekites did not respect God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "he was not afraid of God's punishment" or "he did not respect God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## you must blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven ## +# you must blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven -AT: "you must kill all of the Amalekites so that nobody will remember them anymore" \ No newline at end of file +"you must kill all of the Amalekites so that nobody will remember them anymore" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/25/intro.md b/deu/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e47c69ebcd --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Deuteronomy 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues to teach about justice in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "A perfect and just weight you must have" ##### +In the ancient Near East, money was weighted on a scale. If a persons weight was off, they were robbing people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/01.md b/deu/26/01.md index 8c2ec8749e..919eb4f4f9 100644 --- a/deu/26/01.md +++ b/deu/26/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## some of the first of all the harvest ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"some of the first fruits of the harvest" or "some of the first crops of the harvest" \ No newline at end of file +# some of the first of all the harvest + +"some of the first fruits of the harvest" or "some of the first crops of the harvest." This "first" is the ordinal number for one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/03.md b/deu/26/03.md index 69fe983486..6992f7152a 100644 --- a/deu/26/03.md +++ b/deu/26/03.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/05.md b/deu/26/05.md index 6f8d1d6541..afc3fb77fa 100644 --- a/deu/26/05.md +++ b/deu/26/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## My ancestor was a wandering Aramean ## +# General Information: -This is the beginning of the statement that the Israelite male should make when bringing his basket. This statement continues until the middle of 26:10. +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## a wandering Aramean ## +# My ancestor was a wandering Aramean -This refers to Jacob who was the ancestor of all the Israelites. He lived for many years in Aram-Nahairam, a region located in Syria. +This is the beginning of the statement that the Israelite male should make when bringing his basket. -## and stayed there ## +# a wandering Aramean -"and lived the rest of his life there" +This refers to Jacob, who was the ancestor of all the Israelites. He lived for many years in Aram-Nahairam, a region located in Syria. -## There he became ## +# stayed there -Here "he" refers to Jacob's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"lived the rest of his life there" -## a great, mighty ## +# There he became -These words mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that their nation was powerful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "he" is a metonym for "Jacob's descendants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a great, mighty + +These words mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that Israel became a large and powerful nation. AT: "very great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/06.md b/deu/26/06.md index 34a8dafc6e..29c06271e5 100644 --- a/deu/26/06.md +++ b/deu/26/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + This continues what the Israelite must say when he brings his first crops to Yahweh. -## treated us badly and afflicted us ## +# treated us badly and afflicted us These two phrases say basically the same thing. They emphasize that the Egyptians acted very harshly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## treated us ## +# treated us -Here "us" refers to the people of Israel that were living in Egypt. The speaker includes himself as one of the people whether he lived in Egypt or not. +Here "us" refers to the people of Israel that were living in Egypt. The speaker includes himself as one of the people whether he lived in Egypt or not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## he heard our voice ## +# he heard our voice -"he heard our cries" or "he heard our prayers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "voice" refers to the whole person and his cries or prayers. AT: "he heard our cries" or "he heard our prayers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## our affliction...our oppression ## +# our affliction, our labor, and our oppression -These mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that God saw that they were suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +"that the Egyptians were afflicting us, that we were doing very hard work, and that the Egyptians were oppressing us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/08.md b/deu/26/08.md index 7a708e26d3..2df0193725 100644 --- a/deu/26/08.md +++ b/deu/26/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + This continues what the Israelite must say when he brings his first crops to Yahweh. -## Yahweh brought us ## +# Yahweh brought us -Here "us" refers to the people of Israel that were living in Egypt. The speaker includes himself as one of the people whether he lived in Egypt or not. +Here "us" refers to the people of Israel that were living in Egypt. The speaker includes himself as one of the people whether he lived in Egypt or not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## with a mighty hand, with a display of his power ## +# with a mighty hand, with an outstretched arm -Both phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "with his mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here "a mighty hand" and "an outstretched arm" are metaphors for Yahweh's power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). AT: "by showing his mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## with great fearsomeness ## +# with great fearsomeness -AT: "with acts that terrified the people who saw them" +"with acts that terrified the people who saw them" -## a land flowing with milk and honey ## +# a land that flows with milk and honey -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). AT: "a land where plenty of milk and honey flow" or "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/10.md b/deu/26/10.md index 32e6d1157d..d152684251 100644 --- a/deu/26/10.md +++ b/deu/26/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -This continues what the Israelite must say when he brings his first crops to Yahweh. +# General Information: -## first of the harvest ## +Moses continues telling the Israelites what they must say when they bring theire first crops to Yahweh. He speaks to them as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# first of the harvest "first fruits of the harvest" or "first crops of the harvest" -## You must set it down ## +# You must set it down -Moses is speaking to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"You must set the basket down." -## set it ## +# you must rejoice in all the good that Yahweh your God has done for you -This refers to the basket filled with the first crops. \ No newline at end of file +"you must rejoice and be grateful for all the good things that Yahweh your God has done for you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/12.md b/deu/26/12.md index 452422de62..43e07e8a82 100644 --- a/deu/26/12.md +++ b/deu/26/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## in the third year ## +# General Information: -The Israelites gave a tenth of their harvest to Yahweh every year. Every 3 years they gave a tenth of the harvest to the poor. +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## fatherless ## +# in the third year -children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them +This "third" is the ordinal number for three. Every three years the people of Israel gave a tenth of the harvest to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## widow ## +# fatherless -a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age +These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. -## eat within your city gates and be filled ## +# widow -AT: "so that those within your towns may have enough food to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her now that she is old. -## I have brought out of ## +# eat within your city gates and be filled -This is the start of another statement that the Israelite was supposed to say. It will continue to the end of 26:15. +Here "gates" means towns or cities. AT: "so that those within your towns may have enough food to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## neither have I forgotten them ## +# I have brought out of -This means that he has not neglected to obey any of God's commandments. \ No newline at end of file +These are the first words of another statement that the Israelite was supposed to say. + +# neither have I forgotten them + +This means that he has obeyed all of God's commandments. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/14.md b/deu/26/14.md index 1510d792ed..d634705fcb 100644 --- a/deu/26/14.md +++ b/deu/26/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -This continues what the Israelite must say when he gives his tithe to the poor. +# General Information: -## I have not eaten any of it in my mourning ## +This continues what the Israelite must say to Yahweh when he gives his tithe to the poor. + +# I have not eaten any of it in my mourning "I have not eaten any of the tithe while I was mourning" -## when I was impure ## +# when I was impure -"when I was ritually unclean" +Here "impure" means the person is unclean according to the Law. God does not allow an unclean person to touch the tithe he is giving to God. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "when I was unclean according to the Law" or "when the law says I cannot touch it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I have listened to the voice of Yahweh my God; I have obeyed everything you have commanded me to do ## +# I have listened to the voice of Yahweh my God; I have obeyed everything you have commanded me to do -Both clauses mean the same thing. They emphasize that the person has obeyed all of God's commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here "voice of Yahweh" is a metonym for what Yahweh says. Both statements share similar meanings. They emphasize that the person has obeyed all of God's commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## from the holy place where you live, from heaven ## +# from the holy place where you live, from heaven -Both of these mean the same thing. AT: "from heaven, your holy dwelling place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing. AT: "from heaven, your holy dwelling place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## a land flowing with milk and honey ## +# a land flowing with milk and honey -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). AT: "a land where plenty of milk and honey flow" or "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/16.md b/deu/26/16.md index 9268c1b35b..6e148320a8 100644 --- a/deu/26/16.md +++ b/deu/26/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Today Yahweh your God ## +# General Information: -Moses is speaking to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## with all your heart and with all your soul ## +# with all your heart and with all your soul -The words means basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: “earnestly” or "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all your being." These two phrases have similar meaning. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). AT: "with all your being" or "with all your energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## that you will walk in his ways and keep his statutes, his commandments, and his decrees, and that you will listen to his voice ## +# that you will walk in his ways and keep his statutes, his commandments, and his decrees, and that you will listen to his voice -The word "walk," "keep," and "listen" mean basically the same thing. AT: "that you will completely obey everything Yahweh commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "walk," "keep," and "listen" have similar meanings here. Here "voice" refers to what God has said. AT: "that you will completely obey everything Yahweh commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/18.md b/deu/26/18.md index dfbca0fd35..003045e370 100644 --- a/deu/26/18.md +++ b/deu/26/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## a people who are his own possession ## +# General Information: + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# a people who are his own possession "a people who belong to him" -## he will set you high above ## +# he will set you high above -AT: "he will make you more important than" or "he will make you greater than" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "he will make you more important than" or "he will make you greater than" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## in respect to praise, to reputation, and to honor ## +# he will set you high above all the other nations that he has made, and you will receive praise, fame, and honor -Possible meanings are 1) God will enable the people Israel to praise and honor God himself (UDB) or 2) God will give the people of Israel more honor and a better reputation than he will give to all other nations. +Possible meanings are 1) "he will cause you to become greater than any other nation that he has established, and he will enable you to praise him and honor him" or 2) "he will have people praise you more than they praise every other nation that he has made; people will say that you are better than any other nation, and they will honor you." -## a people that is holy to Yahweh your God ## +# You will be a people that is set apart to Yahweh your God -AT: "a people that lives in a holy way, dedicated to Yahweh your God" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh your God will set you apart from other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/26/intro.md b/deu/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0ebfd7d828 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Deuteronomy 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter recalls the great events of Israel's history when Yahweh brought them out of Egypt. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/01.md b/deu/27/01.md index 228b9efba1..8669d17a68 100644 --- a/deu/27/01.md +++ b/deu/27/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## I command ## +# General Information: + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted, the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# command you today ... you will pass + +Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so both instances of the word "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I command Here "I" refers to Moses. The elders are there in agreement with Moses, but he is the only one speaking. -## plaster them with plaster ## +# plaster them with plaster -Plaster is a paste that goes on wet and dries to form a smooth surface, suitable for writing upon. AT: "spread plaster on them" or "spread a white substance on them" +Plaster is usually a mixture of lime, sand, and water that is spread on something. It dries to form a hard, smooth surface on which a person can write. AT: "spread plaster on them" or "make them so you can write on them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## a land flowing with milk and honey ## +# a land flowing with milk and honey -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). AT: "a land where plenty of milk and honey flow" or "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/04.md b/deu/27/04.md index 38b4a676c8..b87c2b2c0a 100644 --- a/deu/27/04.md +++ b/deu/27/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## Mount Ebal ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you have passed ... set up ... I am commanding you + +Moses is addressing the Israelites as a group, so the instances of "you" and the command "set up" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# plaster them with plaster + +"spread plaster on them" or "make them so you can write on them." See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:2](./01.md). + +# Mount Ebal This is a mountain near Shechem. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 11:29](../11/29.md). -## you must raise no iron tool to work the stones ## +# you must raise no iron tool to work the stones -This refers to the chisels that would make the stones smoother, in order that they might fit together better. AT: "you will not shape the altar stones with iron tools" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the chisels that would make the stones smoother, in order that they might fit together better. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "you will not shape the altar stones with iron tools" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/06.md b/deu/27/06.md index 091f991768..e064760ae7 100644 --- a/deu/27/06.md +++ b/deu/27/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## unworked stones ## +# General Information: -This refers to stones in their natural shape which no one has shaped with metal tools. +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## write on the stones ## +# unworked stones -These are not the stones of the altar. These are the stones which they will set up on Mount Ebal. \ No newline at end of file +stones in their natural shape that no one has shaped with metal tools + +# write on the stones + +This refers to the stones they were to set up on Mount Ebal and cover with plaster. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:2](./01.md) and [Deuteronomy 27:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/09.md b/deu/27/09.md index 488697f7c4..11c09bab28 100644 --- a/deu/27/09.md +++ b/deu/27/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## obey the voice of Yahweh your God ## +# General Information: -AT: "obey what Yahweh your God says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## I am commanding ## +# obey the voice of Yahweh your God -Here "I" refers to Moses. The Levites are there in agreement with Moses, but he is the only one speaking. \ No newline at end of file +Here the metonym "voice of Yahweh" refers to what he says. AT: "obey what Yahweh your God says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am commanding + +Moses is commanding. The Levites are there in agreement with Moses, but he is the only one speaking. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/11.md b/deu/27/11.md index 047279d9ac..48dc61a8e2 100644 --- a/deu/27/11.md +++ b/deu/27/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## These tribes ## +# These tribes -AT: "The people from these tribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the metonym "tribes" refers to the people from the tribes of Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, and Benjamin. AT: "The people from these tribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Mount Gerizim ## +# Mount Gerizim -This was a small mountain north of Mount Ebal. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 11:29](../11/29.md). +A small mountain north of Mount Ebal. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 11:29](../11/29.md). -## Joseph ## +# Joseph -This combines the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh who were descendants of Joseph. \ No newline at end of file +This combines the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, who were descendants of Joseph. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/13.md b/deu/27/13.md index 8d16d5da49..823a039bf8 100644 --- a/deu/27/13.md +++ b/deu/27/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Mount Ebal ## +# Mount Ebal See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 11:29](../11/29.md). -## pronounce curses ## +# pronounce curses -AT: "say in a loud voice how Yahweh will curse Israel" \ No newline at end of file +"say in a loud voice how Yahweh will curse Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/15.md b/deu/27/15.md index 084a88d75a..b7def26e4b 100644 --- a/deu/27/15.md +++ b/deu/27/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## May the man be cursed ## +# May the man be cursed ... sets it up in secret -This is the statement the Levites must shout to all the people of Israel. AT: "May Yahweh curse the person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is the statement the Levites must shout to all the people of Israel. It may be stated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh curse the person ... sets it up in secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the work of the hands of a craftsman ## +# the work of the hands of a craftsman -AT: "something a man made himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "something a man has made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# craftsman + +a man who knows how to make things well \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/16.md b/deu/27/16.md index 4d256a1ed6..294dedc965 100644 --- a/deu/27/16.md +++ b/deu/27/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -## May the man be cursed ## +# May the man be cursed -AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This may be stated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he who removes his neighbor’s landmark ## +# who removes his neighbor's landmark -These were stones that people placed on the ground to show the lines between one property and another. \ No newline at end of file +The full meaning of the statement can be made explicit. AT: "who takes land away from his neighbor by moving the markers on the borders of his land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/18.md b/deu/27/18.md index be6eb23946..64c73da8c4 100644 --- a/deu/27/18.md +++ b/deu/27/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -## May the man be cursed ## +# May the man be cursed -AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](./16.md). AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## fatherless ## +# uses force to take away the justice due to a foreigner ... widow -children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them +Moses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a stronger person can violently pull away from a weaker person. Your language might have one word that means "use force to take away." See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 24:17](../24/17.md). AT: "treats a foreigner ... widow unfairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## widow ## +# fatherless -is a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age \ No newline at end of file +These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. + +# widow + +This means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/20.md b/deu/27/20.md index 12bb459367..827d10d8e1 100644 --- a/deu/27/20.md +++ b/deu/27/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -## May the man be cursed ## +# May the man be cursed -AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](./16.md). AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## who sleeps with any kind of beast ## - -AT: "who sleeps with any kind of beast in the way that man sleeps with a woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## his father's wife ## +# his father's wife This does not refer to the man's mother, but another wife of his father. -## he has taken away his father’s rights ## +# he has taken away his father's rights -When a man marries a woman, only he has the legal right to sleep with her. AT: "he dishonors his father" \ No newline at end of file +When a man marries a woman, only he has the legal right to sleep with her. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. AT: "he has taken away his father's legal rights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who sleeps with any kind of beast + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "who sleeps with any kind of beast in the way that man sleeps with a woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/22.md b/deu/27/22.md index d2b0f0bfb9..a735fc69f7 100644 --- a/deu/27/22.md +++ b/deu/27/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -## May the man be cursed ## +# May the man be cursed -AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](./16.md). AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the daughter of his father, or with the daughter of his mother ## +# the daughter of his father, or with the daughter of his mother This means a man cannot sleep with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/24.md b/deu/27/24.md index be3582c7f9..e0add524d7 100644 --- a/deu/27/24.md +++ b/deu/27/24.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -## May the man be cursed ## +# May the man be cursed -AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](./16.md). AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/26.md b/deu/27/26.md index be3582c7f9..e0add524d7 100644 --- a/deu/27/26.md +++ b/deu/27/26.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. -## May the man be cursed ## +# May the man be cursed -AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](./16.md). AT: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/27/intro.md b/deu/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8ea6852c01 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Deuteronomy 27 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "May the man be cursed" ##### +This phrase is repeated several times in this chapter. This parallelism serves as a warning to the Israelites when they will live in the Promised Land. This is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/01.md b/deu/28/01.md index 5eb14f1e83..ef33572ab4 100644 --- a/deu/28/01.md +++ b/deu/28/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## so as to keep ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "and obey" +# to the voice of Yahweh your God -## set you above ## +Here the metonym "voice of Yahweh" refers to what he says. AT: "to what Yahweh your God says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "make you more important" or "make you greater than" +# so as to keep -## All these blessings will come on you and overtake you ## +"and obey" -Moses describes the blessing as a person who will come and stay with them. Moses will list the blessings in 28:3-14. AT: "Yahweh will always bless you in these ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +# set you above + +Moses speaks of being important or being great as if it were being physically higher, as on a higher hill. AT: "make you more important than" or "make you greater than" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# All these blessings will come on you and overtake you + +Moses describes the blessings as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. AT: "Yahweh will bless you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if you cannot escape having him bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/03.md b/deu/28/03.md index 0a08a1ebd7..3a95000d84 100644 --- a/deu/28/03.md +++ b/deu/28/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Blessed will you be ## +# General Information: -AT: "Yahweh will bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## the fruit of your body ## +# Blessed will you be -AT: "your children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the fruit of your ground ## +# in the city ... in the field -AT: "your crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This merism means that Yahweh will bless them everywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## the fruit of your beasts, the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flock ## +# the fruit of your body, and the fruit of your ground, and the fruit of your beasts -AT: "and all of your animals and their young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +These idioms for "your children, and your crops, and all your animals" form a merism for everything the Israelites valued. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the fruit of your beasts, the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flock + +This doublet is three ways of saying that Yahweh will make the Israelites' animals many and strong. AT: "all of your animals along with the calves of the cattle and the lambs of the flocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/05.md b/deu/28/05.md index ee277df97e..e496ccaeb5 100644 --- a/deu/28/05.md +++ b/deu/28/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Blessed will be ## +# General Information: -AT: "Yahweh will bless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## your basket and your kneading trough ## +# Blessed will be -Israelites used a basket to carry grain. A kneading trough was a bowl they used to mix the grain and make bread. AT: "your grain and all the food you eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will bless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Blessed will you be when you come in, and blessed will you be when you go out ## +# your basket and your kneading trough -To "come in" and "go out" refers to all of life's activities everywhere they go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Israelites used a basket to carry grain. A "kneading trough" was a bowl they used to mix the grain and make bread. AT: "all the food you grow and all the food you eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when you come in ... when you go out + +This merism refers to all of life's activities everywhere they go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/07.md b/deu/28/07.md index 417c7ac5d9..f7a56637ca 100644 --- a/deu/28/07.md +++ b/deu/28/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## cause your enemies who rise up against you to be struck down before you ## +# General Information: -AT: "cause you to defeat the armies that attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## but will flee before you seven ways ## +# cause your enemies who rise up against you to be struck down before you -Their enemies will run away in fear and panic. AT: "but will scatter before you in various directions" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "cause you to defeat the armies that attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Yahweh will command the blessing to come on you in your barns ## +# but will flee before you seven ways -AT: "Yahweh will bless your crops so you have plenty to store in your barns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"but they will run away from you in seven directions" -## and in all that you put your hand to ## +# seven ways -AT: "and in everything you do" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. The actual number could be more or less than seven. AT: "in many different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh will command the blessing to come on you in your barns + +Moses describes Yahweh blessing the Israelites as if Yahweh were commanding a person to attack them by surprise. AT: "When Yahweh blesses you, you will be surprised by how much grain you have in your barns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# in all that you put your hand to + +This is an idiom. AT: "in everything you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/09.md b/deu/28/09.md index 3fee93b8ad..b858cda222 100644 --- a/deu/28/09.md +++ b/deu/28/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Yahweh will establish you as a people holy to himself ## +# General Information: -AT: "Yahweh will set you apart as his holy people" or "Yahweh will make you a holy people that belongs to him" +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## you are called by the name of Yahweh ## +# Yahweh will establish you as a people that is set apart for himself -AT: "you belong to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh put them in a place different from the place all other nations live in. AT: "Yahweh will make you a holy people that belongs to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you are called by the name of Yahweh + +Here the metonym "called by the name of Yahweh" means belonging to him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has called you his own" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/11.md b/deu/28/11.md index 06c9a6f62b..98d0ab7b34 100644 --- a/deu/28/11.md +++ b/deu/28/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## in the fruit of your body, in the fruit of your cattle, in the fruit of your ground ## +# General Information: -AT: "with children, animals, and crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## his storehouse of the heavens ## +# in the fruit of your body, in the fruit of your cattle, in the fruit of your ground -This means the sky from where the rain falls. +This is an idiom. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:4](./03.md). AT: "with children, animals, and crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## at the right time ## +# his storehouse of the heavens -"when the crops need it" \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks of the clouds from which the rain falls as if they were a building where he stores the rain. AT: "the clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# at the right time + +"when the crops need it" + +# all the work of your hand + +The word "hand" is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "all the work that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/13.md b/deu/28/13.md index 2b89fa2da6..66b5a1f2f6 100644 --- a/deu/28/13.md +++ b/deu/28/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the head, and not the tail ## +# General Information: -This means they will always be the leaders over other nations and never the servants following behind them. The Israelites will be superior in power, money, and honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## be only above...never be beneath ## +# the head, and not the tail -This means the same as the first part of the sentence. They are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This metaphor describes the nation of Israel as an animal and means the Israelites will always be the leaders over other nations and never the servants following behind them. The Israelites will be superior in power, money, and honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## if you do not turn away from...to the right hand, or to the left ## +# will be only above ... will never be beneath -AT: "if you do not disobey...in any way" \ No newline at end of file +The Israelites will rule over others but never have others rule them. + +# I am commanding you + +Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so the word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# if you do not turn away from any of the words that I am commanding you today, to the right hand or to the left, so as to go after other gods to serve them + +Disobeying Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if a person physically turned and went in a different direction from Yahweh's words. AT: "if you do not disobey what I am commanding you today by serving other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/15.md b/deu/28/15.md index 9001365a4f..819364722c 100644 --- a/deu/28/15.md +++ b/deu/28/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## But if ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -Moses will now describe the curses the people will receive if they disobey. +# But if -## the voice of Yahweh your God ## +Here Moses starts describing the curses the people will receive if they disobey. -AT: "what Yahweh your God is saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# the voice of Yahweh your God -## then all these curses will come on you and overtake you ## +Here the metonym "voice of Yahweh" means what Yahweh says. AT: "what Yahweh your God is saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Moses describes the curses as a person who will come and stay with the people. AT: "then Yahweh will curse you in these ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# then all these curses will come on you and overtake you + +Moses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. AT: "Yahweh will curse you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if you cannot escape having him curse you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# come on you and overtake you + +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:2](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/16.md b/deu/28/16.md index 6414d38c61..3e9bcd1e49 100644 --- a/deu/28/16.md +++ b/deu/28/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -4]] and [Deuteronomy 28:5](./05.md). +# General Information: -## Cursed will you be ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "Yahweh will curse you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# General Information: -## your basket and your kneading trough ## +These phrases appeared earlier in the chapter. See how you translated many of these words in [Deuteronomy 28:3-4](./03.md) and [Deuteronomy 28:5-6](./05.md). -AT: "your grain and all of your food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Cursed will you be + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will curse you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the city ... in the field + +This merism means that Yahweh will bless them everywhere. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# your basket and your kneading trough + +The Israelites used a basket to carry grain. A "kneading trough" was a bowl they used to mix the grain and make bread. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:5](./05.md). AT: "all the food you grow and all the food you eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/18.md b/deu/28/18.md index 266bb045ca..bbd2bf7aba 100644 --- a/deu/28/18.md +++ b/deu/28/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -4]] and [Deuteronomy 28:5](./05.md). +# General Information: -## Cursed will be ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "Yahweh will curse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# General Information: -## the fruit of your body ## +These phrases appeared earlier in the chapter. See how you translated many of these words in [Deuteronomy 28:3-4](./03.md) and [Deuteronomy 28:5-6](./05.md). -AT: "your children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# Cursed will be -## the fruit of your ground ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will curse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "your crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# the fruit of your body, the fruit of your ground -## the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flock ## +This is an idiom for "your children, your crops." See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:4](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "your animals and their young" +# the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flock -## when you come in...when you go out ## +This doublet is two ways of saying that Yahweh will make the Israelites' animals many and strong. AT: "the calves of the cattle and the lambs of the flocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -AT: "in all your activities wherever you go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# when you come in ... when you go out + +This merism refers to all of life's activities everywhere they go. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:6](./05.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/20.md b/deu/28/20.md index 1510e2d115..e8d7fa69fc 100644 --- a/deu/28/20.md +++ b/deu/28/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## curses, confusion, and rebukes ## +# General Information: -These words combined emphasize the distress that Yahweh will cause the people of Israel. AT: "disasters, fear, and frustration" +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## until you are destroyed ## +# curses, confusion, and rebukes -AT: "until your enemies destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"disasters, fear, and frustration" -## forsaken me ## +# in all that you put your hand to -Here "me" may refer to Yahweh, rather than Moses. +This is an idiom. AT: "in everything you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## cling to you ## +# until you are destroyed -AT: "remain on you" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until your enemies destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# forsaken me + +Here "me" refers to Yahweh. + +# cling to you + +"remain on you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/22.md b/deu/28/22.md index b6a33441c4..64674cc1fe 100644 --- a/deu/28/22.md +++ b/deu/28/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## infectious diseases, with fever, with inflammation ## +# General Information: -These all refer to diseases that cause people to grow weak and die. AT: "diseases and burning fevers that will make you weak" +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## with drought ## +# infectious diseases, with fever, with inflammation + +"diseases and burning fevers that will make you weak." These all refer to diseases that cause people to grow weak and die. + +# with drought "with lack of rain" -## mildew ## +# mildew mold that grows on crops and causes them to rot -## These will pursue you ## +# These will pursue you -AT: "Yahweh will cause these things" \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks of the bad things that would happen to the Israelites as if they were people or animals who would chase after the Israelites. AT: "You will suffer from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/23.md b/deu/28/23.md index e641cad9db..99e70dc747 100644 --- a/deu/28/23.md +++ b/deu/28/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## skies that are over your head will be bronze ## +# General Information: -AT: "skies will be as clear as bronze" or "skies will no longer rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## the earth that is under you will be iron ## +# skies ... will be bronze -AT: "the ground will be as hard as iron" (UDB) or "nothing will grow from the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Moses speaks of the skies being like bronze because there will be no rain. AT: "skies ... will give no rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## make the rain of your land into powder and dust ## +# the earth ... will be iron -This refers to God sending sandstorms. +Moses speaks of the earth being like iron because no crops will grow. AT: "nothing will grow from the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## until you are destroyed ## +# Yahweh will make the rain of your land into powder and dust -AT: "until it destroys you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"instead of rain, Yahweh will send sandstorms" + +# until you are destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until it destroys you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/25.md b/deu/28/25.md index c9c95bf7fe..07fa271951 100644 --- a/deu/28/25.md +++ b/deu/28/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Yahweh will cause you to be struck down before your enemies ## +# General Information: -AT: "Yahweh will cause your enemies to strike you down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## and will flee seven ways before them ## +# Yahweh will cause you to be struck down before your enemies -This means the Israelites will run away from their enemies in fear and panic. AT: "and you will flee in all different directions" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will cause your enemies to strike you down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## tossed to and fro among all the kingdoms ## +# to be struck down before -AT: "and the peoples of the other nations will not accept you when you flee from your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:7](./07.md). + +# will flee before them seven ways + +This means the Israelites will be afraid and panic and run away from their enemies. See similar wording in [Deuteronomy 28:7](./07.md). AT: "you will flee in seven directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seven ways + +This is an idiom. AT: "in many different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You will be tossed to and fro among all the kingdoms + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The peoples of the other nations will drive you from one nation to another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/27.md b/deu/28/27.md index cb66014c93..cc50d5e4ed 100644 --- a/deu/28/27.md +++ b/deu/28/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## boils of Egypt ## +# General Information: -This means Yahweh will curse the Israelites with the same skin disease that he did to the Egyptians. +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## boils...ulcers, scurvy, and itch ## +# the boils of Egypt + +"the same skin disease with which I cursed the Egyptians" + +# boils ... ulcers, scurvy, and itch These are different types of skin diseases. -## from which you cannot be healed ## +# from which you cannot be healed -AT: "from which no one will be able to heal you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "from which no one will be able to heal you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## grope about at noonday like the blind grope in the darkness ## +# You will grope about at noonday like the blind grope in the darkness -This means the people will be confused and will not know what to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"You will be like blind people who grope in darkness even at noonday." The Israelites will have a difficult life even when everyone else is enjoying life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## you will be always oppressed and robbed ## +# you will be always oppressed and robbed -AT: "stronger people will always oppress and rob you" \ No newline at end of file +"stronger people will always oppress and rob you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/30.md b/deu/28/30.md index 70489cec1a..b2e57bc72b 100644 --- a/deu/28/30.md +++ b/deu/28/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## sleep with her ## +# General Information: -AT: "violate her" or "rape her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Your ox will be slain before your eyes ## +# Your ox will be slain before your eyes -AT: "You will watch as someone kills your ox" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will watch as someone kills your ox" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## your donkey will be forcibly taken away from before you, and will not be restored to you ## +# your donkey will be forcibly taken away from before you and will not be restored to you -AT: "someone will take your donkey by force and will not give it back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone will take your donkey by force and will not give it back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Your sheep will be given to your enemies ## +# Your sheep will be given to your enemies -AT: "Your enemies will take your sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will give your sheep to your enemies" or "I will allow your enemies to take your sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/32.md b/deu/28/32.md index c01d4fc953..2fd309f6e8 100644 --- a/deu/28/32.md +++ b/deu/28/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Your sons and your daughters will be given to other peoples ## +# General Information: -AT: "Your enemies will take your sons and daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## your eyes will look for them the entire day, but will fail with longing for them ## +# Your sons and your daughters will be given to other peoples -AT: "you will grow tired as you constantly watch for them and long to see them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will give your sons and your daughters to other peoples" or "Your enemies will take your sons and daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## There will be no strength in your hand ## +# your eyes will look for them the entire day, but will fail with longing for them -AT: "You will be powerless to do anything about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "your eyes" refers to the whole person. AT: "you will grow tired as you constantly watch for them and long to see them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# There will be no strength in your hand + +Here the metonym "strength in your hand" refers to power. "AT: "You will be powerless to do anything about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/33.md b/deu/28/33.md index 290104cc77..db969728d6 100644 --- a/deu/28/33.md +++ b/deu/28/33.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## a nation ## +# General Information: -AT: "people from a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## you will always be oppressed and crushed ## +# a nation -The words "oppressed" and "crushed" mean basically the same thing. AT: "they will always oppress and crush you" or "they will oppress you continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here the metonym "a nation" means the people from a nation. AT: "people from a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you will become insane by what you have to see happen ## +# you will always be oppressed and crushed -AT: "what you see will drive you mad" +The words "oppressed" and "crushed" mean basically the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will always oppress and crush you" or "they will oppress you continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## from which you cannot be cured ## +# you will become insane by what you have to see happen -AT: "which no one will be able to cure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"what you see will make you go crazy" + +# from which you cannot be cured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that no one will be able to cure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/36.md b/deu/28/36.md index 8e00091296..a7619e4eaf 100644 --- a/deu/28/36.md +++ b/deu/28/36.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## a proverb, and a byword, among all the peoples where Yahweh will lead you away ## +# General Information: -The words "proverb" and "byword" mean basically the same thing. This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "Yahweh will send you to peoples who will laugh at you and ridicule you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# of horror, a proverb, and a byword, among all the peoples where Yahweh will lead you away + +Here the words "proverb" and "byword" mean basically the same thing. This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "of horror. The people, in the places where Yahweh will send you, will make up proverbs and bywords about you" or "of horror. Yahweh will send you to peoples who will laugh at you and ridicule you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# byword + +a word or phrase that people use to shame others \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/38.md b/deu/28/38.md index 2eb5c244c7..1a2b392c4a 100644 --- a/deu/28/38.md +++ b/deu/28/38.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## but will gather little seed in ## +# General Information: -"but will gather very little grain" \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# but will gather little seed in + +"but will harvest very little food" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/40.md b/deu/28/40.md index ab3030ea51..6e0c66cfa7 100644 --- a/deu/28/40.md +++ b/deu/28/40.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Moses continues describing God's curses if the people disobey him. +# General Information: -## but you will not rub any of the oil on yourself ## +Moses continues describing God's curses if the people disobey him. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -People would rub olive oil on themselves to take care of their skin. \ No newline at end of file +# but you will not rub any of the oil on yourself + +People would rub olive oil on themselves to make their skin healthy. + +# your olive trees will drop their fruit + +You may need to make explicit that the fruit drops before it is ripe. AT: "your olive trees will drop their fruit before the fruit is ripe" or "the olives will fall off your olive trees before they are ripe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/42.md b/deu/28/42.md index ed4e9a91f1..b5472ef35c 100644 --- a/deu/28/42.md +++ b/deu/28/42.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## rise up above you higher and higher; you yourself will come down lower and lower ## +# General Information: -This means the foreigner will become superior to the Israelites in power, money, and honor. +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## he will be the head, and you will be the tail ## +# The foreigner who is ... He will ... to him -This means the foreigner will become the leader of the Israelites. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 28:13](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file +This does not mean a specific foreigner but it refers to foreigners in general. AT: "The foreigners who are ... They will ... to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# rise up above you higher and higher; you yourself will come down lower and lower + +This idiom means foreigners will have more power, money, and honor than the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he will be the head, and you will be the tail + +This means foreigners will have more power and authority than the Israelites. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 28:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/45.md b/deu/28/45.md index 2b71951a05..5d639726a3 100644 --- a/deu/28/45.md +++ b/deu/28/45.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## All these curses will come on you and will pursue and overtake you until you are destroyed ## +# General Information: -Moses describes the curses as a person chasing and conquering the people. AT: "Yahweh will cause all these curses to happen to you until he destroys you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## to the voice of Yahweh your God ## +# All these curses will come on you and will pursue and overtake you until you are destroyed -AT: "to what Yahweh your God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Moses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. See how you translated something similar in [Deuteronomy 28:2](./01.md). AT: "Yahweh will curse you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if he is chasing you and you cannot escape having him curse you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## his commandments and his statutes ## +# to the voice of Yahweh your God -These words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "all of his commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the words "voice of Yahweh" are a metonym for what Yahweh said. AT: "to what Yahweh your God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his commandments and his regulations + +The words "commandments" and "regulations" are a doublet for "all that Yahweh has commanded you to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/47.md b/deu/28/47.md index 5589acd098..27ac6bd27e 100644 --- a/deu/28/47.md +++ b/deu/28/47.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## joyfulness and gladness of heart ## +# General Information: -These mean the same thing. They emphasize that the people should have been very glad to worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## ​He will put a yoke of iron on your neck ## +# joyfulness and gladness of heart -This means Yahweh will allow the enemy to treat the Israelites cruelly and make them slaves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "joyfulness" and "gladness of heart" mean the same thing. They emphasize that the people should have been very glad to worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# He will put a yoke of iron on your neck + +This is a metaphor for Yahweh allowing the enemy to treat the Israelites cruelly and make them slaves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/49.md b/deu/28/49.md index 0a887e6cfe..2929cf0089 100644 --- a/deu/28/49.md +++ b/deu/28/49.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## from far away, from the ends of the earth ## +# General Information: -These mean the same thing. They emphasize the enemy army will come from a nation that is very far away from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## like an eagle flies to its victim ## +# from far away, from the ends of the earth + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the enemy will come from a nation that is very far away from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# from the ends of the earth + +This is an idiom. AT: "from places that you know nothing about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# like an eagle flies to its victim This means the enemy will come suddenly and the Israelites will not be able to stop them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## a nation with ferocious expressions ## +# a nation with a fierce face that does not respect the aged and does not show favor -This means they are ready to fight and will not show mercy. +The word "nation" is a metonym for the people of that nation. AT: "a nation whose people have fierce expressions, who do not respect the aged and do not show favor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## until you are destroyed ## +# until you are destroyed -AT: "until they destroy you" or "until they leave you with nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until they destroy you" or "until they leave you with nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/52.md b/deu/28/52.md index 0a69473cf7..bf3d8bf760 100644 --- a/deu/28/52.md +++ b/deu/28/52.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Moses continues describing the army that will attack the Israelites if they do not obey Yahweh. +# General Information: -## you in all your city gates ## +Moses continues describing the army that will attack the Israelites if they do not obey Yahweh. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# you in all your city gates -## the fruit of your own body, the flesh of your sons and of your daughters ## +Here the phrase "city gates" represents a city. AT: "your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -These mean the same thing. They emphasize that the people will eat their own children because they will be so hungry after the enemy army surrounds their city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the fruit of your own body, the flesh of your sons and of your daughters + +Here "the flesh of your sons and of your daughters" explains the metaphor "the fruit of your own body." The people will be so hungry after the enemy army surrounds their city that they will eat their own children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the fruit of your own body + +This speaks of children as if they were fruit that was produced by the bodies of their parents. AT: "your own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/54.md b/deu/28/54.md index b1417cdc78..7dc6902578 100644 --- a/deu/28/54.md +++ b/deu/28/54.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## who is tender and very delicate among you ## +# General Information: -This means a person who is of noble birth and is normally very gentle. +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## he will be envious of his brother ## +# who is tender and very delicate among you—he -AT: "he will be hostile toward his brother" +"who is tender and very delicate among you—even he." Moses is saying that not only those one would expect to eat their children, but even the last person one would expect to eat his own children will eat his children. -## all your city gates ## +# all your city gates -AT: "all your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "city gates" represents the cities themselves. AT: "all your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/56.md b/deu/28/56.md index 9a3ebb3a9e..18cf8ba8c1 100644 --- a/deu/28/56.md +++ b/deu/28/56.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## The tender and delicate woman among you ## +# General Information: -This means the woman is of noble birth and normally very gentle. +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## who would not venture to put the bottom of her foot on the ground for delicateness and tenderness ## +# The tender and delicate woman among you ... tenderness—she + +"The tender and delicate woman among you ... tenderness—even she." Moses is saying that not only those one would expect to eat their children, but even women of noble birth and normally very gentle, whom one would never expect to eat their children, will eat their children. The word "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# who would not venture to put the bottom of her foot on the ground for delicateness and tenderness Moses is exaggerating. He is emphasizing that this noble woman is so rich and lives in such luxury that she would not allow herself to get dirty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## she will be envious of her own dear husband ## +# for delicateness and tenderness -AT: "she will be hostile toward her own dear husband" +The abstract nouns "delicateness" and "tenderness" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "because she is so delicate and tender" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## within your city gates ## +# within your city gates -AT: "within your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "city gates" represents the cities themselves. AT: "within your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/58.md b/deu/28/58.md index 391b7c5b31..b128c7ade7 100644 --- a/deu/28/58.md +++ b/deu/28/58.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## that are written ## +# General Information: -AT: "that I have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## this glorious and fearful name, Yahweh your God ## +# that are written -AT: "Yahweh your God who is glorious and awesome" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Yahweh will make your plagues terrible, and those of your descendants ## +# this glorious and fearful name, Yahweh your God -AT: "Yahweh will send terrible plagues on you and your descendants" \ No newline at end of file +Here the metonym "name" refers to Yahweh himself. AT: "Yahweh your God who is glorious and awesome" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh will make your plagues terrible, and those of your descendants + +"Yahweh will send terrible plagues on you and your descendants" or "Yahweh will make sure that you and your descendants suffer from terrible plagues" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/60.md b/deu/28/60.md index 8bfbf01348..d09c085e43 100644 --- a/deu/28/60.md +++ b/deu/28/60.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## they will cling to you ## +# General Information: -This means the diseases will not stop, and no one will be able to heal them. +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## that is not written ## +# He will bring on you again all the diseases of Egypt -AT: "that I have not written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "He will make sure that you again suffer from the diseases of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## until you are destroyed ## +# they will cling to you -AT: "until he has destroyed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "the diseases will not stop, and no one will be able to heal you of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you were like the stars of the heavens in number ## +# every sickness and plague that is not written + +Here "every" is a generalization that means "many." This can be stated in active form. AT: "even other sicknesses and plagues that I have not written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# until you are destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until he has destroyed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will be left ... you were like ... you did not listen + +Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so all instances of "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you were like the stars of the heavens in number This means that in the past there were many Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## to the voice of Yahweh ## +# to the voice of Yahweh -AT: "to what Yahweh says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the metonym "voice of Yahweh" refers to what Yahweh says. AT: "to what Yahweh says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/63.md b/deu/28/63.md index d5ae311e99..3b6f5c4475 100644 --- a/deu/28/63.md +++ b/deu/28/63.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## You will be plucked off the land that you are going into to possess ## +# Yahweh once rejoiced over you ... multiplying you ... rejoice over you in making you perish and in destroying you. You will be plucked -AT: "He will remove you from the land which you are entering to possess" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so all instances of "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## from the one end of the earth to the other end of the earth ## +# Yahweh once rejoiced over you in doing you good, and in multiplying you -AT: "throughout the earth" or "all over the earth" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Yahweh once enjoyed doing you good and causing you to become many" + +# he will rejoice over you in making you perish + +"he will enjoy making you die" + +# You will be plucked off the land that you are going into to possess + +Moses uses a metaphor to speak of the people as though they were fruit that Yahweh would take off a bush. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will remove you from the land which you are entering to possess" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you are going ... scatter you ... you will worship ... you have not known ... you nor your ancestors + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# from the one end of the earth to the other end of the earth + +These two extremes together mean everywhere on earth. AT: "throughout the earth" or "all over the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/65.md b/deu/28/65.md index b0a9f85a98..d3a061f06a 100644 --- a/deu/28/65.md +++ b/deu/28/65.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## there will be no rest for the bottoms of your feet ## +# General Information: -AT: "you will have to continually wander because you have no permanent home where you can rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Yahweh will give you there a trembling heart, and eyes that fail to see, and a heart that mourns ## +# there will be no rest for the bottoms of your feet -AT: "Yahweh will cause you to be afraid, hopeless, and sad" +Here the phrase "the bottoms of your feet" refer to the whole person. AT: "you will have to continually wander because you have no permanent home where you can rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Your life will hang in doubt before you ## +# Yahweh will give you there a trembling heart, failing eyes, and a soul that mourns -AT: "You will not know whether you will live or die" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "Yahweh will cause you to be afraid, without hope, and sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Your life will hang in doubt before you + +This is an idiom. AT: "You will not know whether you will live or die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/67.md b/deu/28/67.md index 3b287ce0f1..cb9e076699 100644 --- a/deu/28/67.md +++ b/deu/28/67.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the things your eyes will have to see ## +# General Information: -AT: "the terrifying things you will see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## I had said ## +# because of the fear in your hearts + +This is an idiom. AT: "because of the fear you are feeling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the things your eyes will have to see + +Here "eyes" refers to the whole person. AT: "the terrifying things I will force you to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I had said Here "I" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/28/intro.md b/deu/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2bfbec8ba2 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Deuteronomy 28 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Blessings and warnings ##### +This chapter explains some of the blessings and warnings associated with Israel's obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/01.md b/deu/29/01.md index 5b4230b441..4b7af10633 100644 --- a/deu/29/01.md +++ b/deu/29/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## These are the words that Yahweh commanded Moses to tell ## +# These are the words that Yahweh commanded Moses to tell This refers to words that Moses is about to speak. -## land of Moab ## +# in the land of Moab -This is on the east side of the Jordan before the people entered the land of Canaan. +This is on the east side of the Jordan where the Israelites were staying before they entered the land of Canaan. "while they were in the land of Moab" -## words that were added to the covenant...at Horeb ## +# words that were added to the covenant ... at Horeb -These additional commands were given to make Yahweh's covenant apply better to the people once they were settled in their new land. These new commands did not belong to a different covenant at all. \ No newline at end of file +These additional commands were given to make Yahweh's covenant apply better to the people once they were settled in their new land. These new commands did not belong to a different covenant, but rather were additions to the original covenant. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/02.md b/deu/29/02.md index b3e3653cb5..0eaf2c266d 100644 --- a/deu/29/02.md +++ b/deu/29/02.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## You have seen everything that Yahweh did before your eyes ## +# You have seen everything that Yahweh did before your eyes -AT: "You have seen all that Yahweh did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Yahweh expected them to remember what Yahweh had done and they had seen it. Here the "eyes" represent the whole person and emphasize what the person has seen. AT: "You have seen all that Yahweh did so that you would see and remember what he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the great sufferings that your eyes saw ## +# the great sufferings that your eyes saw -AT: "the great sufferings that you saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "eyes" emphasizes that Yahweh expected them to remember that they had seen it. AT: "you saw for yourselves that the people suffered terribly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the signs, and those great wonders ## +# your eyes -AT: "and all the works of God's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "your" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Yahweh has not given you a heart to know, eyes to see, or ears to hear ## +# the signs, and those great wonders -The people do have hearts, eyes, and ears. This means God has not let them understand what all of these things really mean. +The words "signs" and "wonders" both refer to the plagues that Yahweh had sent upon Egypt. AT: "and all of the powerful things that Yahweh did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## a heart to know ## +# Yahweh has not given you a heart to know, eyes to see, or ears to hear -AT: "a mind to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people do have hearts, eyes, and ears. This metonym says that Yahweh has not enabled them to understand from what they saw and heard who Yahweh is, and how and why they should obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# given you a heart to know + +This is an idiom. AT: "enabled you to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/05.md b/deu/29/05.md index 3cb7a409cc..3afb15f82c 100644 --- a/deu/29/05.md +++ b/deu/29/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## I have led you ## +# I have led you Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -## forty years ## +# forty years "40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## You did not eat any bread nor drink any wine or alcoholic drinks ## +# your sandals ... your feet -Instead of eating and drinking these things, Yahweh provided food and drink for the people through his miraculous powers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "your" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# other alcoholic drinks + +Alcoholic drinks made probably from fermented grains. They were not distilled liquors. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/07.md b/deu/29/07.md index 6113032b66..f994475d0d 100644 --- a/deu/29/07.md +++ b/deu/29/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Sihon, the king of Heshbon, and Og, the king of Bashan ## +# Sihon, the king of Heshbon, and Og, the king of Bashan -See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:3](../01/03.md). +See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). -## came out against us ## +# came out against us Here "us" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## keep the words of this covenant and do them ## +# keep the words of this covenant and do them -Here "keep" and "do" mean basically the same thing. AT: "obey all the words of this covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the people were to obey Yahweh's commands. AT: "obey all the words of this covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/10.md b/deu/29/10.md index 36ea20eb6c..fc334d922e 100644 --- a/deu/29/10.md +++ b/deu/29/10.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. + +# among you in your camp ... your wood ... your water + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the foreigner who is among you in your camp, from him who cuts your wood to him who draws + +There were many foreigners among the Israelites. AT: "the foreigners who are among you in your camp, from those who cut your wood to those who get your water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/12.md b/deu/29/12.md index 5157df4c27..6d1078bc7d 100644 --- a/deu/29/12.md +++ b/deu/29/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## to enter into the covenant of Yahweh your God and into the oath that Yahweh your God is making with you today ## +# General Information: + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# to enter into the covenant of Yahweh your God and into the oath that Yahweh your God is making with you today "to agree to the covenant and to swear that you will obey all that Yahweh your God commands" -## so that he may make you today into a people for himself ## +# a people for himself -This covenant makes the people of Israel distinct in their relationship to God. \ No newline at end of file +"a people group that belongs to him alone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/14.md b/deu/29/14.md index 1a763e7e72..70cdfb190a 100644 --- a/deu/29/14.md +++ b/deu/29/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## I am making ## +# I am making -Here "I" refers to Yahweh. +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. "Yahweh is making" -## standing here with us ## +# standing here with us Here "us" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. -## those who are not here with us today ## +# those who are not here -This refers to their future descendants. +"our future descendants, who are not here" -## You know how we lived in the land of Egypt ## +# we lived -Moses is referring to what happened to the Israelites about 40 years earlier. \ No newline at end of file +"we were slaves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/17.md b/deu/29/17.md index b7b7835a17..098dc1f237 100644 --- a/deu/29/17.md +++ b/deu/29/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## whose heart is turning away today from Yahweh our God ## +# whose heart is turning away today from Yahweh our God -AT: "who stops following Yahweh our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "heart" refers to the whole person, and "turning away" means to stop obeying. AT: "who no longer obeys Yahweh our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## be among you any root that produces gall and wormwood ## +# any root that produces gall and wormwood -The words "gall and wormwood" refer to a poisonous and bitter plant. Moses means that if the people worship other gods it will cause the death and destruction of the Israelites. AT: "be among you any person who worships idols which is like eating a poisonous plant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Moses speaks of someone who secretly worships another God as if he were a root, and the evil deeds he does to serve that god, and which he encourages others to do, as a bitter plant that poisons people. AT: "any person who worships idols and causes others to disobey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## bless himself in his heart ## +# that person -AT: "congratulate himself" or "encourage himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The person described in verse 18. -## though I walk in the stubbornness of my heart ## +# bless himself in his heart -AT: "even though I still refuse to obey Yahweh" +This is an idiom. AT: "congratulate himself" or "encourage himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## This would destroy the wet together with the dry ## +# though I walk in the stubbornness of my heart -Here "wet" and "dry" are used together to mean everyone and everything in Israel. AT: "This would cause Yahweh to destroy everyone in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "even though I still refuse to obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# This would destroy the wet together with the dry + +Here the words "wet" and "dry" are metaphors for the righteous people and the wicked people. This forms a merism for "everyone." AT: "This would cause Yahweh to destroy both the righteous people and the wicked people in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# wet ... dry + +These nominal adjectives can be translated as nouns. Because the land was usually dry and the people needed rain so their crops would grow, these words are metaphors for "living ... dead" or "good ... bad." AT: "wet things ... dry things" or "good people ... bad people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/20.md b/deu/29/20.md index 1f6642f5dc..754810f948 100644 --- a/deu/29/20.md +++ b/deu/29/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the anger of Yahweh and his jealousy will smolder ## +# the anger of Yahweh and his jealousy will smolder -Moses compares Yahweh's intense anger to a smoldering fire. This emphasizes God's power to destroy his enemies. AT: "Yahweh's jealous anger will grow like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Just as a fire can grow in intensity, so can God's anger and Jealousy grow in intensity. AT: "Yahweh's jealous anger will grow like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that are written ## +# the anger of Yahweh and his jealousy -"that I have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here the word "jealousy" describes "the anger of Yahweh." AT: Yahweh's jealous anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) -## Yahweh will blot out his name from under heaven ## +# that are written -This means God will completely destroy the person and his familay. In the future people will not remember him. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 7:23](../07/23.md). \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the curses that are written in this book will come on him + +Moses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:15](../28/15.md). AT: "Yahweh will curse him with the curses written in this book in ways that will completely surprise him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Yahweh will blot out his name from under heaven + +This means God will completely destroy the person and his family. In the future people will not remember him. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 7:24](../07/23.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/22.md b/deu/29/22.md index 3aa9a18ee0..7d2ee335c8 100644 --- a/deu/29/22.md +++ b/deu/29/22.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## The generation to come, your children who will rise up after you ## +# The generation to come, your children who will rise up after you -These phrases mean the same thing. AT: "Your descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "your children ... after you" tell who "the generation to come" is. -## the plagues on this land and the diseases with which Yahweh has made it sick ## +# the plagues on this land and the diseases with which Yahweh has made it sick -AT: "the plagues and disasters with which Yahweh struck the land of Canaan" +"how God cursed the land of Canaan with plagues and disease" -## when they see that the whole land has become sulfur and burning salt ## +# when they see that the whole land has become sulfur and burning salt -People put sulfur and salt on the soil to keep anything from growing. AT: "when they see that Yahweh has burned the land with sulfur and salt" +People put sulfur and salt on the soil to keep anything from growing. "when they see that Yahweh has burned the land with sulfur and salt" -## where nothing is sown nor bears fruit ## +# where nothing is sown or bears fruit -AT: "where no one can sow seed or grow crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where no one can sow seed and the crops do not bear fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah ## +# like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah -The punishment on Israel will be similar to the punishment on the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. +The abstract noun "overthrow" can be translated as a clause. AT: "as when Yahweh completely destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah" -## Admah and Zeboiim ## +# Admah and Zeboyim These are names of cities that Yahweh destroyed along with Sodom and Gomorrah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## they will say together with all the other nations ## +# in his anger and wrath -AT: "your descendants and the people of all the other nations will say" +The abstract nouns "anger" and "wrath" mean basically the same thing and can be translated as an adjective phrase. AT: "when he was very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## What does the heat of this great anger mean? ## +# they will say together with all the other nations ... mean? -AT: "What does this terrible anger mean?" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "they will ask with all the other nations why Yahweh has done this to the land, and what the heat of this great anger means." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# they will say together with all the other nations + +"your descendants and the people of all the other nations will say" + +# What does the heat of this great anger mean? + +The writer is communicating one idea through two words. AT: "What does this terrible anger mean?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/25.md b/deu/29/25.md index c50f16ac33..4054a127cf 100644 --- a/deu/29/25.md +++ b/deu/29/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## It is because they abandoned the covenant of Yahweh, the God of their ancestors ## +# It is because they abandoned the covenant of Yahweh, the God of their ancestors -AT: "Yahweh was angry because the Israelites did not follow the promises and the laws of his covenant" \ No newline at end of file +This is the answer to "Why has Yahweh done this to this land?" ([Deuteronomy 29:24](./22.md)). "Yahweh has done this to the land because the Israelites did not follow the promises and the laws of his covenant" + +# served other gods and bowed down to them + +"obeyed other gods and worshiped them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/27.md b/deu/29/27.md index 88699f70c6..ef1d5b2731 100644 --- a/deu/29/27.md +++ b/deu/29/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the anger of Yahweh has been kindled against this land ## +# the anger of Yahweh has been kindled against this land -Moses compares Yahweh's anger to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes God's power to destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Moses compares Yahweh being angry to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes God's power to destroy whatever makes him angry, and it can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has became very angry with this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that are written ## +# this land, so as to bring on it -AT: "that Moses wrote" +Here "land" is a metonym representing the people. AT: "the people of this land, so as to bring on them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Yahweh has uprooted them from their land...and has thrown them ## +# that are written -Israel is compared to a bad plant that is pulled up and thrown out of a garden. AT: "Yahweh has removed them from their land...and has forced them" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in anger, in wrath, and in great fury ## +# Yahweh has uprooted them from their land ... and has thrown them -These words have similar meaning; they are placed together to show God's extreme anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Israel is compared to a bad plant that Yahweh has pulled up and thrown out of a garden. AT: "Yahweh has removed them from their land ... and has forced them to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in anger, in wrath, and in great fury + +The words "anger" and "wrath" and "fury" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the great intensity of Yahweh's anger. AT: "in extremely great anger" or "because he was extremely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/29.md b/deu/29/29.md index 5cc51d1a8e..b4adc30290 100644 --- a/deu/29/29.md +++ b/deu/29/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## The secret matters belong alone to Yahweh our God ## +# The secret matters belong alone to Yahweh our God -AT: "Some things Yahweh our God has not revealed, and only he knows them" +"Some things Yahweh our God has not revealed, and only he knows them" -## that are revealed ## +# that are revealed -AT: "that he has revealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that he has revealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we may do all the words of this law + +"we may do everything that this law commands us to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/29/intro.md b/deu/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3f13b7860b --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Deuteronomy 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a retelling of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses, along with its blessings and cursing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/01.md b/deu/30/01.md index 2581a1bb9a..289d719a45 100644 --- a/deu/30/01.md +++ b/deu/30/01.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## When all these things have come on you ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"When all these things happen to you" +# When all these things have come on you -## that I have set before you ## +Here "these things" refer to the blessings and curses described in chapters 28-29. The phrase "have come on you" is an idiom that means to happen. AT: "When all these things happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"that I have just now told you" +# that I have set before you -## call them to mind ## +This speaks of the blessings and curses that Moses told the people as if they were objects that he set in front of them. AT: "that I have just now told you about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "remember them" +# call them to mind -## among all the other nations ## +This is an idiom. AT: "remember them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "while you are living in the other nations" +# among all the other nations -## has driven you ## +"while you are living in the other nations" -AT: "has forced you to go" +# has driven you -## obey his voice ## +"has forced you to go" -AT: "obey what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# obey his voice -## with all your heart and with all your soul ## +Here "voice" is referring to what Yahweh says. AT: "obey what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "with complete commitment" or "with you entire self" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +# with all your heart and with all your soul -## Yahweh your God will reverse your captivity ## +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all your being." These two phrases have similar meaning. AT: "with all your being" or "with all your energy." See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -"Yahweh your God will free you from your captivity" \ No newline at end of file +# reverse your captivity + +"free you from your captivity." The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause. AT: "free you from those who had captured you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/04.md b/deu/30/04.md index d32b3f8df1..ad44877650 100644 --- a/deu/30/04.md +++ b/deu/30/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## under the heavens ## +# General Information: -AT: "under the sky" or "on the earth" \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# If any of your exiled people are in the farthest places + +"Even those of your exiled people who are in the farthest places" + +# under the heavens + +"under the sky" or "on the earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/06.md b/deu/30/06.md index 86f5180f3a..53f14f7b0f 100644 --- a/deu/30/06.md +++ b/deu/30/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## circumcise your heart ## +# General Information: + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# circumcise your heart This is not a literal removal of flesh. It means God will remove their sin and enable them to love and obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## with all your heart and with all your soul ## +# with all your heart and with all your soul -These basically mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "with complete commitment" or "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all your being." These two phrases have similar meaning. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). AT: "with all your being" or "with all your energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## obey the voice of Yahweh ## +# obey the voice of Yahweh -AT: "obey what Yahweh says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "voice" means what Yahweh says. AT: "obey what Yahweh says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will put all these curses on your enemies + +Moses speaks of curses as though they were a load or a cover that someone could physically put on top of a person. AT: "will cause your enemies to suffer from these curses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/09.md b/deu/30/09.md index 26bd27d9c3..1cf9b0b7d0 100644 --- a/deu/30/09.md +++ b/deu/30/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## the work of your hand ## +# General Information: -"in all the work you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## in the fruit of your body ## +# the work of your hand -AT: "in children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "hand" refers to the whole person. AT: "in all the work you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## in the fruit of your cattle ## +# in the fruit of your body ... in the fruit of your cattle ... in the fruit of your ground -AT: "in calves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +These three phrases are idioms for "in children ... in calves ... in crops." See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:4](../28/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## in the fruit of your ground ## +# that are written -AT: "in crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that are written ## +# with all your heart and all your soul -AT: "that I have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## all your heart and all your soul ## - -AT: "with complete commitment" or "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all your being." These two phrases have similar meaning. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). AT: "with all your being" or "with all your energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/11.md b/deu/30/11.md index d4dfc7ce39..8b697db633 100644 --- a/deu/30/11.md +++ b/deu/30/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## neither is it too far for you to reach ## +# General Information: -This means it is not too difficult for a person to know what Yahweh wants his people to do. +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Who will go up for us to heaven and bring it down to us and make us able to hear it, so that we may do it? ## +# neither is it too far for you to reach -Moses describes an Israelite using this question. The Israelite would be emphasizing that he thinks God's commands are too difficult to know. AT: "Someone must travel to heaven to learn God's commands and then return to tell us what they are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks of being able to understand what a commandment requires a person to do as if it were that person being able to reach a physical object. AT: "neither is it too difficult for you to understand what Yahweh requires you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Who will go up for us to heaven and bring it down to us and make us able to hear it, so that we may do it? + +Here Moses uses a rhetorical question to emphasize that the people of Israel think that Yahweh's commands are too difficult for them to know. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Someone must travel to heaven to learn God's commands and then return to tell us what they are so we can obey them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/13.md b/deu/30/13.md index 78eb574115..3579456a1b 100644 --- a/deu/30/13.md +++ b/deu/30/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Who will go over the sea for us and bring it to us and make us to hear it, so that we may do it? ## +# General Information: -AT: “Someone must travel across the sea to learn God's commands and then return and tell us what they are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## in your mouth and your heart ## +# Who will go over the sea for us and bring it to us and make us to hear it, so that we may do it? -These words mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people already know God's commands and can speak them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question continues the idea that the people of Israel think Yahweh's commands are too difficult to know. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Someone must travel across the sea to learn God's commands and then return and tell us what they are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# in your mouth and your heart + +This means that the people already know God's commands and can tell them to others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/15.md b/deu/30/15.md index 848337db54..7db068d1ef 100644 --- a/deu/30/15.md +++ b/deu/30/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## I have placed before you ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "I have told you about" +# I have placed before you -## life and good, death and evil ## +Putting something where another person can see it is a metaphor for telling someone about something. AT: "I have told you about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "what is good and will cause you to live, and what is evil and will cause you to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# life and good, death and evil -## and multiply ## +You can make clear the implicit information. AT: "what is good and will cause you to live, and what is evil and will cause you to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "and have many descendants" \ No newline at end of file +# multiply + +"have many descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/17.md b/deu/30/17.md index 39d1ba6bde..bf958a7cc7 100644 --- a/deu/30/17.md +++ b/deu/30/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## if your heart turns away ## +# General Information: -AT: "if you turn away from following God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## but instead is drawn away, and if it bows down to other gods and worships them ## +# if your heart turns away ... but instead are drawn away and bow down to other gods and worship them -AT: "but instead the people living in the land convince you to bow down and worship other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" refers to the whole person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "if you stop being loyal to God ... and the people living in the land convince you to bow down and worship other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to you today that you ... you will not prolong your days + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# prolong your days + +Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/25.md). AT: "be able to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/19.md b/deu/30/19.md index 52f66282dc..0a105a8407 100644 --- a/deu/30/19.md +++ b/deu/30/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## I call heaven and earth to witness ## +# General Information: -Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who dwell in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says, or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## obey his voice ## +# I call heaven and earth to witness -AT: "obey what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says, or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## and to cling to him ## +# to witness against you -"and to rely on him" +"to be willing to say that you have done evil things" -## For he is your life and the length of your days ## +# against you today -This means that Yahweh is the one who can give the Israelites a long life. \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# obey his voice + +Here "voice" refers to what Yahweh says. AT: "obey what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to cling to him + +"to rely on him" + +# For he is your life and the length of your days + +These phrases have the same meaning and are metonyms for Yahweh, emphasizing that he is the one who gives life and determines the length of people's lifetimes. AT: "Yahweh is the only one who can enable you to live a long life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# swore to your ancestors + +The ellipsis can be filled in. AT: "swore that he would give to your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/30/intro.md b/deu/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dd4243fddc --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Deuteronomy 30 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Moses begins to give final instructions to Israel before his death in anticipation of their entrance into the Promised Land. There were warnings and blessings associated with the people's obedience to the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/01.md b/deu/31/01.md index c43c4573f4..bea4d26db5 100644 --- a/deu/31/01.md +++ b/deu/31/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## one hundred twenty years old ## +# one hundred twenty years old "120 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## I can no more go out and come in ## +# I can no more go out and come in -"I am no longer able to go everywhere that you need to go, so I cannot be your leader any longer" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Here the extremes "go out" and "come in" used together mean that Moses can no longer do what a healthy person can do. AT: "I am no longer able to go everywhere that you need to go, so I cannot be your leader any longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## you will dispossess them ## +# your God ... before you ... before you ... you will dispossess ... before you -AT: "you will take their land" +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Joshua, he will go over before you, as Yahweh has spoken ## +# you will dispossess them -AT: "Joshua will lead you across the river, as Yahweh promised" \ No newline at end of file +"you will take their land" + +# Joshua, he will go over before you, as Yahweh has spoken + +"Joshua will lead you across the river, as Yahweh promised" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/04.md b/deu/31/04.md index 049c00ab99..1d76891e55 100644 --- a/deu/31/04.md +++ b/deu/31/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## he did to Sihon and to Og ## +# General Information: -AT: "he did to Sihon and Og and their armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Moses continues speaking to the Israelites. -## to Sihon and to Og, the kings of the Amorites ## +# he did to Sihon and to Og, the kings of the Amorites -See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:3](../01/03.md). +Here "Sihon" and "Og" refer to two Kings of the Amorites and their armies. See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/03.md). AT: "he did to Sihon and Og, the kings of the Amorites, and to their armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Be strong and of good courage ## +# Be strong and of good courage "Be strong and courageous" -## fear not, and do not be afraid of them ## +# fear not, and do not be afraid of them -Moses repeats this for emphasis. AT: "and do not fear them at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"do not fear them at all" -## he will not fail you ## +# Yahweh your God ... with you ... fail you nor forsake you -AT: "he will always fulfill his promise to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# he will not fail you nor forsake you + +This can be treated as litotes and translated positively. AT: "he will always fulfill his promise to you and will always be with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/07.md b/deu/31/07.md index fa65482086..7f6cbb026b 100644 --- a/deu/31/07.md +++ b/deu/31/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## in the sight of all Israel ## +# General Information: -"in the presence of all the Israelites" +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## you will cause them to inherit it ## +# in the sight of all Israel -AT: "you will help them take possession of the land" \ No newline at end of file +This means that all of the people of Israel were present. AT: "in the presence of all the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Be strong and of good courage + +"Be strong and courageous." See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 31:5](./04.md). + +# you will cause them to inherit it + +"you will help them take the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/09.md b/deu/31/09.md index bb304e1ca3..35e849c41a 100644 --- a/deu/31/09.md +++ b/deu/31/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## gave it out to the priests, the sons of Levi ## +# gave it out to the priests, the sons of Levi -AT: "gave it out to the Levites, who are the priests" +"gave it out to the Levites, who are the priests" -## seven years ## +# seven years -"7 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]) +"7 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## fixed for the cancellation of debts ## +# fixed for the cancellation of debts -AT: "for canceling debts" +"for canceling debts" -## Festival of Shelters ## +# Festival of Shelters -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 16:13](../16/13.md). +Other names for this festival are "Feast of Tabernacles," "Festival of Booths," and "Feast of the Ingathering." During harvest, farmers would set up temporary shelters in the field. This festival took place after the last harvest of the year. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 16:13](../16/13.md). -## in their hearing ## +# Yahweh your God ... you will read -AT: "so that they can hear it" \ No newline at end of file +- Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# in their hearing + +"so that they can hear it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/12.md b/deu/31/12.md index 53be999a15..13a69e491a 100644 --- a/deu/31/12.md +++ b/deu/31/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the priests and the elders. -## your foreigner who is within your city gates ## +# your foreigner who is within your city gates -AT: "your foreigners who live in your cites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "city gates" represents the cities themselves. Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the instances of "your" here are singular. AT: "your foreigners who live in your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## keep all the words of this Law ## +# keep all the words of this law -carefully follow, obey or observe the words of this Law \ No newline at end of file +"carefully obey all the commands in this law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/14.md b/deu/31/14.md index ebbab49bd2..3d3d0b1607 100644 --- a/deu/31/14.md +++ b/deu/31/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## a pillar of cloud ## +# Look, the + +"Pay attention to what I am about to tell you. The" + +# a pillar of cloud This was a thick cloud of smoke in the shape of an upright column. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/16.md b/deu/31/16.md index ba74b18056..ad7a6344e8 100644 --- a/deu/31/16.md +++ b/deu/31/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## you will sleep with your fathers ## +# Look, you -AT: "you will die and join your ancestors who have died before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"Pay attention to what I am going to tell you. You" -## will rise up and act like prostitutes ## +# you will sleep with your fathers -This means the Israelites will start to be unfaithful to Yahweh after Moses dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite way to say "you will die." AT: "you will die and join your ancestors who have died before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# will rise up and act like a prostitute + +Being a prostitute is a metaphor for worshiping gods other than Yahweh. AT: "will start to be unfaithful to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/17.md b/deu/31/17.md index f81bbdc915..ecc90d39ad 100644 --- a/deu/31/17.md +++ b/deu/31/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## my anger will be kindled against them ## +# my anger will be kindled against them -Yahweh compares his anger to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes God's power to destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Yahweh compares his anger to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes God's power to destroy whatever makes him angry. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will kindle my anger against them" or "I will become angry with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I will hide my face from them ## +# I will hide my face from them -AT: "I will not help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "I will not help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## they will be devoured ## +# they will be devoured -AT: "I will destroy them" or "I will allow their enemies to destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will devour them" or "I will allow their enemies to devour them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Many disasters and troubles will find them ## +# devoured -AT: "They will experience many disasters and troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This is a metaphor for "completely destroyed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Have these disasters not found me because our God is not in my midst? ## +# Many disasters and troubles will find them -AT: "These things are destroying me because God is no longer protecting me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This describes the disasters and troubles as if they were human. AT: "They will experience many disasters and troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Have these disasters not come upon us ... midst? + +This describes the disasters and troubles as if they were human. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "These disasters are destroying me ... midst." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# our God is not in our midst + +"God is no longer protecting us" or "God has left us alone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/19.md b/deu/31/19.md index 711ce01e51..977082c545 100644 --- a/deu/31/19.md +++ b/deu/31/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. +# General Information: -## Put it in their mouths ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses about the Israelites. -AT: "Make them memorize and sing it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Put it in their mouths -## a land flowing with milk and honey ## +This is an idiom. AT: "Make them memorize and sing it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +# a land flowing with milk and honey + +This is an idiom. AT: "a land where plenty of milk and honey flow" or "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/21.md b/deu/31/21.md index 9f18da80da..7f7185b27e 100644 --- a/deu/31/21.md +++ b/deu/31/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## When many evils and troubles find this people ## +# When many evils and troubles come upon this people -AT: "When this people experiences many evils and troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here evils and troubles are described as if they were human and could find people. AT: "When this people experiences many evils and troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## this song will testify before it as a witness ## +# this song will testify before them as a witness This speaks of the song as if it were a human witness testifying in court against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## it will not be forgotten out of the mouths of their descendants ## +# it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants -AT: "their descendants will remember this song" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "their descendants will not forget to keep it in their mouths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants + +This can be stated positively. AT: "their descendants will remember to keep it in their mouths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants + +The idiom "forget it from the mouth" means to stop speaking about it. AT: "their descendants will not stop speaking about it to each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the plans that they are forming + +What people plan to do is spoken of as if it were a physical object. AT: "what they plan to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land that I promised + +You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "the land that I promised I would give to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/22.md b/deu/31/22.md index 84ccf63fcb..e902315ef4 100644 --- a/deu/31/22.md +++ b/deu/31/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## of good courage ## +# Be strong and of good courage -AT: "courageous" \ No newline at end of file +"Be strong and courageous." See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 31:5](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/24.md b/deu/31/24.md index 5add6d8fa2..4c4b84cbe3 100644 --- a/deu/31/24.md +++ b/deu/31/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## witness against you ## +# witness against you -Here "you" refers to all of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks to the Levites as if they were one man, so the word "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/27.md b/deu/31/27.md index 3cc0662c1e..45c180559a 100644 --- a/deu/31/27.md +++ b/deu/31/27.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the Levites about all the Israelite people. -## how much more after my death? ## +# your rebellion and your stiff neck -AT: "you will be even more rebellious after I die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses speaks to the Levites as if they were one man, so the word "your" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## so that I may speak these words in their ears ## +# your stiff neck -AT: "so that I may speak the words of this song to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +See how you translated "stubborn" in [Deuteronomy 9:6](../09/06.md). -## call heaven and earth to witness against them ## +# how much more after my death? -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 30:19](../30/19.md). +This rhetorical question emphasizes how rebellious the people were. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "you will be even more rebellious after I die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## turn away from the path that I have commanded you ## +# so that I may speak these words in their ears -AT: "stop following the instructions I have given to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "in their ears" means the people themselves. AT: "so that I may speak the words of this song to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## through the work of your hands ## +# call heaven and earth to witness against them -AT: "because of what you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 30:19](../30/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# you will utterly corrupt yourselves + +"you will do what is completely wrong." See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/15.md). + +# turn aside out of the path that I have commanded you + +"stop following the instructions I have given to you." See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](../09/11.md). + +# what is evil in the sight of Yahweh + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "what is evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# through the work of your hands + +Here "your hands" means the people themselves. AT: "because of what you have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/30.md b/deu/31/30.md index db42398ac3..f648333348 100644 --- a/deu/31/30.md +++ b/deu/31/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Moses sang in the ears of all the assembly of Israel ## +# Moses recited in the ears of all the assembly of Israel -AT: "Moses sang this song to all the assembly of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "ears" refers to the whole person. AT: "Moses recited to all the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the words of this song ## +# recited -"the words of the song that Yahweh taught him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "sang" or 2) "spoke." + +# the words of this song + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "the words of the song that Yahweh taught him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/31/intro.md b/deu/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..11a6e61cc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Deuteronomy 31 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Final instructions ##### +In the Ancient Near East, it was common for an important leader to give instructions for his people to follow after his death. In this chapter, Moses begins his final words to the people of Israel. These are words that he wants them to remember long after he is gone. This section also helped to make a smooth transition to Joshua's leadership. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/01.md b/deu/32/01.md index 94e22c3bc2..cb3804f9ff 100644 --- a/deu/32/01.md +++ b/deu/32/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## Give ear, you heavens...Let the earth listen ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Give ear, you heavens ... Let the earth listen Yahweh speaks to the heavens and earth as if they are there listening. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is speaking to the inhabitants of heaven and earth or 2) Yahweh is speaking to the heavens and earth as if they are persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## Let my teaching drop down like the rain...and like the showers on the plants ## +# Let my teaching drop down like the rain ... and like the showers on the plants This means Yahweh wants the people to eagerly accept his helpful teaching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## distill like the dew ## +# distill -"descend like the dew" +Use the word in your language for the process by which dew appears. -## tender grass ## +# dew -AT: "new plants" \ No newline at end of file +water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings + +# tender grass + +"new plants" + +# showers + +heavy rain \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/03.md b/deu/32/03.md index ea47606f37..60840333c8 100644 --- a/deu/32/03.md +++ b/deu/32/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## the name of Yahweh ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "Yahweh's reputation" or "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# proclaim the name of Yahweh -## ascribe greatness to our God ## +This is an idiom. "tell how good Yahweh is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "declare the greatness of our God" +# ascribe greatness to our God -## The Rock ## +"make sure people know that our God is great" -The word “Rock” refers to Yahweh who is strong and able to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# The Rock -## all his paths are just ## +This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"all his ways are just" or "all he does is just" +# his work -## He is just and upright ## +"everything he does" -"He is fair and does what is right" \ No newline at end of file +# all his paths are just + +Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. AT: "he does everything in a just way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He is just and upright + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is fair and does what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/05.md b/deu/32/05.md index ffabad0176..b762556928 100644 --- a/deu/32/05.md +++ b/deu/32/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## a perverted and crooked generation ## +# acted corruptly against him -The words "perverted" and "crooked" mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize how wicked the generation is. AT: “a completely wicked generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"opposed him by doing what is wrong." See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 04:16](../04/15.md). -## Do you reward Yahweh in this way, you foolish and senseless people? Is he not your father, the one who has created you? he made you and established you. ## +# a perverted and crooked generation -AT: "You should give to Yahweh proper praise. In refusing to do so, you show yourselves to be utterly foolish and without sense. Yahweh indeed is the one who gave you life and placed you on this earth for a purpose. He indeed has made you successful" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "perverted" and "crooked" mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize how wicked the generation is. AT: "a completely wicked generation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Do you reward Yahweh in this way ... people? + +Moses uses a question to scold the people. AT: "You should give Yahweh proper praise ... people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you foolish and senseless people + +The words "foolish" and "senseless" mean the same thing and emphasize how foolish the people are for disobeying Yahweh. AT: "you extremely foolish people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# your father ... has created you ... made you and established you + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. + +# Is he not your father, the one who has created you? + +Moses uses a question to scold the people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Yahweh is your father and the one who created you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/07.md b/deu/32/07.md index c01aa6e1e1..ad3d505be0 100644 --- a/deu/32/07.md +++ b/deu/32/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## Call to mind ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. -AT: "Remember" +# Call to mind ... think about ... your father ... show you ... your elders ... tell you -## days of ancient times ## +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -Moses refers to the time period when the ancestors of the people of Israel were alive. AT: "days of long ago" +# Call to mind -## think about the years of many ages past ## +This is an idiom. AT: "Remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# days of ancient times + +"days of long ago." Moses refers to the time period when the ancestors of the people of Israel were alive. + +# think about the years of many ages past This is a repetition of what Moses just said in the previous portion. Moses wants the people of Israel to focus on their history as a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## and he set the boundaries of the peoples, as he also fixed the number of their gods ## +# he will show you -God assigned each people, together with its gods, to its own territory. In this way, he limited the influence of a people group's idols. But he made the Israelites his own people. Ancient versions differ on how to read this passage, so modern versions differ also. \ No newline at end of file +"he will make it clear to you" or "he will enable you to understand it" + +# gave the nations their inheritance + +This is an idiom. "put the nations in the places where they would live." Similar words, "giving to you as an inheritance," appear in [Deuteronomy 4:21](../04/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he set the boundaries of the peoples, as he also fixed the number of their gods + +God assigned each people group, together with its gods, to its own territory. In this way, he limited the influence of a people group's idols. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/09.md b/deu/32/09.md index 93e6a4eff9..46db0871ec 100644 --- a/deu/32/09.md +++ b/deu/32/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## Jacob is his apportioned inheritance ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. As he speaks to the Israelites, he talks about them as if they were someone else and as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This means the same as the first part of the sentence. AT: "The descendants of Jacob are his inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# For Yahweh's portion is his people; Jacob is his apportioned inheritance -## He found him in a desert land ## +These two phrases means basically the same thing and and can be combined. AT: "The descendants of Jacob are Yahweh's inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Here "him" refers to the people of Israel. +# He found him ... shielded him and cared for him ... guarded him -## howling wilderness ## +"He found Jacob ... shielded him and cared for him ... guarded him" You may need to translate this as if Moses were talking about the Israelites as many people. AT: "He found our ancestors ... shielded them and cared for them ... guarded them" + +# howling wilderness Here "howling" refers to the sound the wind makes as it blows through the empty land. -## he guarded him as the apple of his eye ## +# he guarded him as the apple of his eye -The apple of an eye refers to the dark part inside the eyeball that allows a person to see. This is a very important and sensitive part of the body. This means that the people of Israel are very important to God and something he protects. AT: “He protected the people of Israel as something most valuable and precious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. The apple of an eye refers to the dark part inside the eyeball that allows a person to see. This is a very important and sensitive part of the body. This means that the people of Israel are very important to God and something he protects. AT: "he protected him as something very valuable and precious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/11.md b/deu/32/11.md index d93ae4c6ab..acdf4106d4 100644 --- a/deu/32/11.md +++ b/deu/32/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## As an eagle that guards her nest and flutters over her young, Yahweh spread out his wings and took them, and carried them on his pinions ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This means Yahweh watched over and protected his people while they were in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# As an eagle that guards her nest and flutters over her young, Yahweh spread out his wings and took them, and carried them on his pinions -## pinions ## +This means Yahweh watched over and protected the Israelites while they were in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# pinions the outer edges of a bird's wings -## Yahweh alone led him ## +# led him ... with him -Here "him" refers to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +Moses again speaks of the Israelites as "Jacob" ([Deuteronomy 32:9-10](./09.md)). You may need to translate as if Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. AT: "led them ... with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/13.md b/deu/32/13.md index 0f2e70b85c..69116b7c4e 100644 --- a/deu/32/13.md +++ b/deu/32/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## He made him ride on the heights of the land ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -The word "him" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "Yahweh made them ride on the high places of the land" or "Yahweh helped them take possession of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# He made him ride on high places of the land -## he fed them the fruits of the field ## +This is an idiom. The word "him" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "Yahweh made them ride on high places of the land" or "Yahweh helped them take and occupy the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -This means that Yahweh brought them to a land with lots of produce they could eat. +# made him ride ... fed him ... nourished him -## He nourished him with honey from the rock and oil from the flinty crag ## +Moses continues to speak of the Israelites as "Jacob" ([Deuteronomy 32:9-10](./09.md)). You may need to translate this as though Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. "made our ancestors ride ... fed them ... nourished them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -The land had many wild bees with hives inside rock holes. And also olive trees, which grow on rocks, hills and mountains. AT: "He provided honey for them from the rock and oil from the stony ground" \ No newline at end of file +# he fed him the fruits of the field + +"he brought him to a land with plenty of crops he could eat" + +# he nourished him with honey from the rock, and oil from the flinty crag + +The land had many wild bees, which produce honey, with hives inside rock holes. There were also many olive trees, which provide oil, and grow on rocks, hills, and mountains. + +# nourished him with honey + +This is like a mother giving her breast to an infant. "allowed him to suck honey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/14.md b/deu/32/14.md index 777a1a6855..72ca165e62 100644 --- a/deu/32/14.md +++ b/deu/32/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## He ate ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -The word "he" refers to the people of Israel. +# He ate -## fat of lambs, rams of Basham and goats ## +Moses continues to speak of the Israelites as "Jacob" ([Deuteronomy 32:9-10](./09.md)). You may need to translate as though Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. "Our ancestors ate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -This means that the people of Israel had plenty of healthy herd animals. +# fat of lambs, rams of Bashan and goats -## you drank ## - -The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people of Israel had many healthy herd animals. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/15.md b/deu/32/15.md index 9dde0cd158..a700bea3dc 100644 --- a/deu/32/15.md +++ b/deu/32/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## Jeshuran ## +Moses continues speaking his poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This also refers to the people of Israel. Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name 'Jeshuran' means 'righteous one.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Jeshurun -## grew fat and kicked ## +Moses speaks of the Israelites as if they were a well-fed animal whose owner named it Jeshurun. You may add a footnote that says, "The name 'Jeshurun' means 'upright one.'" If your language cannot speak of the Israelites as Jeshurun, you may refer to the Israelites as many people, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -Moses compares the people of Israel to a well-fed animal that does not become gentle but instead kicks. This means the people rebelled even though God took care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# grew fat and kicked -## filled with fat, stout and sleek ## +Jeshurun, the well-fed animal who kicks instead of becoming gentle is a metaphor for the Israelites, who rebelled even though God took care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -All of these mean that the people grew healthy and prospered. AT: "heavy, plump, and stuffed" +# you grew fat, you were too fat, and you had eaten your fill -## Rock of his salvation ## +Moses scolds the Israelites by speaking in the song to Jeshurun. "you became fat, you became fatter, and you became as fat as you could become" -This means Yahweh is strong and able to protect his people. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the Rock of his salvation + +This means Yahweh is strong like a rock and able to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Rock + +This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:4](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They made Yahweh jealous + +The Israelites made Yahweh jealous. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/17.md b/deu/32/17.md index df937af819..9cff90bf08 100644 --- a/deu/32/17.md +++ b/deu/32/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## They sacrificed ## +Moses continues to speak his song to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# They sacrificed "The people of Israel sacrificed" -## gods that recently appeared ## +# gods that recently appeared This means the Israelites recently learned about these gods. -## You have deserted the Rock ## +# your fathers -AT: "You have left the protective care of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Moses is speaking to the Israelites as many people, so the word "your" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## who became your father...God who gave you birth ## +# You have deserted ... your father ... you forgot ... gave you -This compares Yahweh to a father and a mother. This means God caused them to live and to be a nation. AT: "who fathered you...God who gave you life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses is speaking to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You have deserted the Rock + +Here Yahweh is called the rock because he is strong and protective. AT: "You have left the protective care of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Rock + +This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:4](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who became your father ... who gave you birth + +This compares Yahweh to a father and a mother. This means God caused them to live and to be a nation. AT: "who fathered you ... who gave life to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/19.md b/deu/32/19.md index a54fec0c5c..c1711b3dec 100644 --- a/deu/32/19.md +++ b/deu/32/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## his sons and his daughters ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his sons and his daughters This refers to the people of Israel whom Yahweh gave life to and made into a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will hide my face from them ## +# I will hide my face from them -AT: "I will turn away from them" or "I will stop helping them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "I will turn away from them" or "I will stop helping them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I will see what their end will be ## +# I will see what their end will be "I will see what happens to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/21.md b/deu/32/21.md index 5bd46abe0b..02f6e3b19a 100644 --- a/deu/32/21.md +++ b/deu/32/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## They have made me jealous ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# They have made me jealous Here "me" refers to Yahweh. -## by those who are not a people...a nation that has no understanding ## +# what is not god -Both of these refer to a non-Jewish nation that does not know Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +"what are false gods" + +# worthless things + +You may need to make explicit what the "things" are. AT: "worthless idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those who are not a people + +"people who do not belong to one people group" + +# foolish nation + +Translate "foolish" as in [Deuteronomy 32:6](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/22.md b/deu/32/22.md index 4c21622040..3e30ee8603 100644 --- a/deu/32/22.md +++ b/deu/32/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## For a fire is kindled by my anger...foundations of the mountains ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For a fire is kindled by my anger ... foundations of the mountains Yahweh compares his anger to a fire. This emphasizes his power to destroy what makes him angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a fire is kindled by my anger ## +# a fire is kindled by my anger and is burning ... it is devouring ... it is setting -AT: "my anger starts a fire" or "my anger is like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I start a fire because I am angry, and it burns ... it is devouring ... it is setting" or "when I am angry, I destroy my enemies like a fire, and I destroy everything on earth and in ... I devour ... I set" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to the lowest Sheol + +"even to the world of the dead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/23.md b/deu/32/23.md index 7942d2a097..809908c8a5 100644 --- a/deu/32/23.md +++ b/deu/32/23.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## I will heap disasters on them ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This means that Yahweh will bring one disaster after another on the people of Israel. +# I will heap disasters on them -## I will shoot all my arrows at them ## +Yahweh speaks of bad things that would happen to the Israelites as if they were something like dirt that he could pile up on top of the Israelites. AT: "I will make sure that many bad things happen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Here Yahweh compares the disasters he will send to arrows shot from a bow. This means that Yahweh will cause many of them to suffer and die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# I will shoot all my arrows at them -## They will be wasted by hunger ## +Here Yahweh compares the bad things he will make sure happen to the Israelites to someone shooting arrows from a bow. AT: "I will do all I can do to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "They will grow weak and die from hunger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# They will be wasted by hunger -## devoured by burning heat and bitter destruction ## +This can be stated in active form. The abstract noun "hunger" can be translated as the verb "be hungry." AT: "They will grow weak and die because they are hungry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -Possible meanings are 1) this refers to fevers and pestilence, or 2) it refers to suffering from the heat during a drought or famine. AT: "they will die from the burning heat and terrible disasters" +# They will ... hunger and devoured by burning heat and bitter destruction -## I will send on them the teeth of wild animals, with the poison of things that crawl in the dust ## +Possible meanings of "burning heat" are 1) the Israelites will suffer from fevers or 2) the weather will be unusually hot during a drought or famine. This can be stated in active form. AT: "They will ... hunger, and burning heat and terrible disasters will devour them" or "They will ... hunger, and they will die from burning heat and terrible disasters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This means God will send dangerous animals and poisonous snakes to punish the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I will send on them the teeth of wild animals, with the poison of things that crawl in the dust + +The teeth and the poison are synecdoches for the animals that use these things to kill. AT: "I will send wild animals to bite them, and things that crawl in the dust to bite and poison them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/25.md b/deu/32/25.md index a3e2b160ba..6c3a5ac7ab 100644 --- a/deu/32/25.md +++ b/deu/32/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## Outside the sword will bereave ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Here "sword" represents the army of the enemy. AT: “When the Israelites are outside, the enemy army will kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Outside the sword will bereave -## young man and virgin, the nursing baby, and the man of gray hairs ## +Here "sword" represents the army of the enemy. AT: "When the Israelites are outside, the enemy army will kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -These terms are combined to mean that all kinds of people will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +# terror will do so -## I would make the memory of them to cease from among mankind ## +Yahweh speaks of being afraid as if it were a person who comes into a house and kills those who live in it. AT: "you will die because you are afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -AT: "I will remove the memory of them from all people" or "I will make all people forget about them" \ No newline at end of file +# young man and virgin, the nursing baby, and the man of gray hairs + +These terms describing people of different ages are combined to mean that all kinds of people will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# I said that I would ... away, that I would ... mankind + +This can be translated as a direct quote. AT: "I said, 'I will ... away, and I will ... mankind'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# I would make the memory of them to cease from among mankind + +"I would make all people forget about them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/27.md b/deu/32/27.md index 764ccdd0f3..99b5cdbb42 100644 --- a/deu/32/27.md +++ b/deu/32/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## Were it not that I feared the provocation of the enemy ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "If it were not for their enemies' taunts" or "My concern is that their enemies would wrongly boast" +# Were it not that I feared the provocation of the enemy -## judge mistakenly ## +"I was afraid of the provocation of the enemy" -AT: "misunderstand" +# the provocation of the enemy -## Our hand is exalted ## +This abstract noun can be translated as a verb. AT: "that the enemy would provoke me" or "that the enemy would cause me to be angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -AT: "Our strength has triumphed" or "Our power has won" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the enemy + +Yahweh speaks of his enemies as if they are one man. AT: "my enemy" or "my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# judge mistakenly + +"misunderstand" + +# Our hand is exalted + +Here "hand" represents the strength or power of a person. To be exalted is an idiom for defeating an enemy. AT: "We have defeated them because we are more powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/28.md b/deu/32/28.md index adc3215115..c4396f0db6 100644 --- a/deu/32/28.md +++ b/deu/32/28.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## Oh, that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their coming fate ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Moses states something that he wishes were true, but he knows that it is not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +# Oh, that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their coming fate -## they understood this...consider their coming fate ## +Moses states something that he wishes were true, but he knows that they are not wise and do not understand that their disobedience will cause Yahweh to bring this disaster on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -This means that if they had wisdom they would understand that their disobedience will cause Yahweh to bring these disasters on them. \ No newline at end of file +# their coming fate + +The abstract noun "fate" can be translated as a verb. AT: "what is going to happen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/30.md b/deu/32/30.md index f82c4995b8..6e85150ecf 100644 --- a/deu/32/30.md +++ b/deu/32/30.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## How could one chase a thousand…victory over them? ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words and tell them more of what they would have understood if they were wise ([Deuteronomy 32:29](./28.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "It is indeed possible for one soldier to chase a thousand, or for two soldiers to defeat ten thousand - as long as Yahweh is fighting on their behalf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# How could one chase a thousand ... Yahweh had given them up? -## one chase a thousand, and two put ten thousand ## +Moses uses a question to scold the people for not being wise enough to understand why their enemies are defeating them. This question can be translated as a statement as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "1 man chase 1,000 men, and 2 men put 10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# How could one chase a thousand, and two put ten thousand to flight -## unless their Rock had sold them ## +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "How could 1 enemy soldier chase 1,000 of your men, and 2 enemy soldiers cause 10,000 of your men to run away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -The word “Rock” refers to Yahweh who is strong and able to protect his people. AT: "unless Yahweh, their Rock, had handed them over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# unless their Rock had sold them -## our enemies' rock is not like our Rock ## +The word "Rock" refers to Yahweh who is strong and able to protect his people. AT: "unless Yahweh, their Rock, had handed them over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This means the enemies' idols and false gods are not powerful like Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +# their Rock ... our Rock + +"The Rock" is a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. Translate "Rock" as in [Deuteronomy 32:4](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# our enemies' rock is not like our Rock + +The enemies' idols and false gods are not powerful like Yahweh. + +# just as even our enemies admit + +"not only do we say so, but our enemies say so also" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/32.md b/deu/32/32.md index a5011e06b0..08840bb924 100644 --- a/deu/32/32.md +++ b/deu/32/32.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## For their vine comes from the vine of Sodom...clusters are bitter ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Moses compares enemies who worship false gods to the wicked people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah and to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit. This means their enemies are wicked and will cause the Israelites to die if they start to act like the people around them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# For their vine comes from the vine of Sodom ... clusters are bitter -## their clusters ## +Moses compares enemies who worship false gods to the wicked people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah and to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit. This means their enemies are wicked and will cause the Israelites to die if the Israelites start to act like the people who live around them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"their clusters of grapes" or "their grapes" \ No newline at end of file +# their vine comes from the vine of Sodom, and from the fields of Gomorrah + +The vine is a metaphor for the people group. "it is as if their vine were a branch of the vines that grew in the fields of Sodom and Gomorrah" or AT: "they do evil the same way the people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their clusters + +"their clusters of grapes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/33.md b/deu/32/33.md index 9c70b6262d..6e5dc081cb 100644 --- a/deu/32/33.md +++ b/deu/32/33.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## Their wine is the poison of serpents and the cruel venom of asps ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Moses continues comparing the enemies of the people of Israel to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit. This means it will destroy the Israelites if they start to act like their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Their wine is the poison of serpents and the cruel venom of asps -## Is not this plan secretly kept by me, sealed up among my treasures? ## +Moses continues comparing the enemies of the people of Israel to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit and wine. This means their enemies are wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "I know what I have planned to do to the Israelite people and to their enemies, and I have locked up those plans as someone would lock up his valuable possessions" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# asps -## Is not this plan secretly kept by me ## +"snakes" -AT: "Have I not kept this plan secret" or "I have kept this plan secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Is not this plan secretly kept by me, sealed up among my treasures? + +This question emphasizes that Yahweh's plans for the people of Israel are kept secret like a valuable treasure. The rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. AT: "I know what I have planned to do to the Israelite people and to their enemies, and I have locked up those plans as someone would lock up his valuable possessions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/35.md b/deu/32/35.md index 00256d0038..52808907ae 100644 --- a/deu/32/35.md +++ b/deu/32/35.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## Vengeance is mine to give, and recompense ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. This is the end of Moses's quotation of Yahweh's words that begins in [Deuteronomy 32:20](./19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Vengeance is mine to give, and recompense The words "vengeance" and "recompense" mean basically the same thing. AT: "I will have vengeance and punish Israel's enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## at the time when their foot slips ## +# recompense -This means God will eventually destroy their enemy. AT: "when the time is right for them to fall" or "when the time comes for me to destroy them" +to punish or reward a person for what he has done -## and the things that are to come on them will hurry to happen ## +# their foot slips -AT: "and their doom will come quickly" \ No newline at end of file +Something bad has happened to them. AT: "they are helpless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the day of disaster for them + +"the time for me to destroy them" + +# the things that are to come on them will hurry to happen + +Yahweh speaks of the bad things that will happen to his enemies as if the bad things were people running eagerly to punish them. AT: "I will punish them quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/36.md b/deu/32/36.md index 4d26f55c90..d6020b6519 100644 --- a/deu/32/36.md +++ b/deu/32/36.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## For Yahweh will decide for his people ## +Moses continues to speak a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"For Yahweh will bring justice for his people" or "For Yahweh will vindicate his people" +# For Yahweh will give justice to his people -## he will pity his servants ## +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated as an adjective or as an adverb. AT: "For Yahweh will do what is just for his people" or "For Yahweh will act justly towards his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -AT: "he will have compassion on his servants" \ No newline at end of file +# he will pity his servants + +"he will feel that he needs to help his servants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/37.md b/deu/32/37.md index 302958aeb0..438df2c880 100644 --- a/deu/32/37.md +++ b/deu/32/37.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## Where are their gods, the rock in whom they took refuge? ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "Look, the gods that the Israelites thought would protect them have not come to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Where are their gods, the rock in whom they took refuge? -## The gods who ate the fat of their sacrifices and drank the wine of their drink offerings? ## +Yahweh scolds the people of Israel for seeking protection from other gods. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Look, the gods that the Israelites thought would protect them have not come to help them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "The gods to whom the Israelites offered meat and wine have not come to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# The gods who ate the fat of their sacrifices and drank the wine of their drink offerings? -## Let them rise up and help you; let them be your protection ## +Here Yahweh mocks the people of Israel for offering sacrifices to other gods. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The gods to whom the Israelites offered meat and wine have not come to help them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Let them rise up and help you; let them be your protection Yahweh says this to mock the Israelites. He knows these gods cannot help them. AT: "These idols are not even able to get up and help or to protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/39.md b/deu/32/39.md index 1391597806..170fa25605 100644 --- a/deu/32/39.md +++ b/deu/32/39.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## I, even I ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Yahweh repeats "I" to emphasize that only he is God. AT: "I, I myself" or "I, I alone" +# I, even I -## I lift up my hand to heaven and say ## +"I, I myself" or "I, I alone." Yahweh repeats "I" to emphasize that only he is God. -Lifting up the hand is a sign of making an oath. AT: "I lift up my hand to heaven and swear" or "I have taken an oath" +# I lift up my hand to heaven and say -## As I live forever ## +"I lift up my hand to heaven and swear" or "I have taken an oath." Lifting up the hand is a sign of making an oath. -This statement assures the people that what God says in 32:41-42 will happen. AT: "As certainly as I live forever" or "I swear by my life which is never-ending" \ No newline at end of file +# As I live forever + +"As certainly as I live forever" or "I swear by my life which is never-ending." This statement assures the people that what God says in [Deuteronomy 32:41](./41.md)-[Deuteronomy 32:42](./42.md) will happen. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/41.md b/deu/32/41.md index 94106ef904..f496c568fa 100644 --- a/deu/32/41.md +++ b/deu/32/41.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## When I sharpen my glittering sword ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This means God is preparing to judge and punish his enemies. AT: "When I sharpen my shining sword" or "When I am ready to judge my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# When I sharpen my glittering sword -## when my hand begins to bring justice ## +"When I sharpen my shining sword." This means God is preparing to judge and punish his enemies. AT: "When I am ready to judge my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "when I begin to carry out justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# when my hand begins to bring justice + +Here "hand" represents the whole person. AT: "when I get ready to judge the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/42.md b/deu/32/42.md index bbe0c76eb1..3ca018360f 100644 --- a/deu/32/42.md +++ b/deu/32/42.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## I will make my arrows drunk with blood and my sword will devour flesh with the blood ## +Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Yahweh compares himself punishing his enemies to a soldier killing people with his weapons. AT: "I will completely destroy my enemies as if I had arrows and a sword that pierce the flesh and drip with the blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] ) \ No newline at end of file +# I will make my arrows drunk with blood, and my sword will devour flesh with the blood + +Yahweh speaks of arrows as if they were people to whom he could give alcohol and make them drunk, and of a sword as if it were a person who was so hungry that he would eat an animal before draining the blood out. These metaphors are metonyms for a soldier using arrows and a sword to kill many enemies. This in turn is a metaphor for Yahweh killing his enemies in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# from the heads of the leaders of the enemy + +A possible meaning is "from the long-haired heads of the enemy." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/43.md b/deu/32/43.md index 4cbfe75a92..4ab3cf3134 100644 --- a/deu/32/43.md +++ b/deu/32/43.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -This is the end of Moses' song. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## Rejoice, you nations ## +This is the end of Moses' song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Moses addresses the peoples of all the nations as if they were there listening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +# Rejoice, you nations -## for he will avenge the blood of his servants and he will render vengeance on his enemies ## +Moses addresses the peoples of all the nations as if they were there listening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -AT: "for he will take revenge on those who killed his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# for he will avenge the blood of his servants; he will render vengeance on his enemies + +Here "blood of his servants" represents the lives of his innocent servants who were killed. AT: "for he will take revenge on his enemies, who killed his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/44.md b/deu/32/44.md index bc5967731d..a330708537 100644 --- a/deu/32/44.md +++ b/deu/32/44.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## in the ears of the people ## +# recited ... reciting -AT: "to the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "spoke ... speaking" or 2) "sang ... singing." + +# in the ears of the people + +Here "ears" represents the people themselves and emphasizes that Moses wanted to make sure they heard the song clearly. AT: "to the people so they would be sure to hear it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/46.md b/deu/32/46.md index 1a41faf43d..756e35758f 100644 --- a/deu/32/46.md +++ b/deu/32/46.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## He said to them ## +# He said to them "Moses said to the people of Israel" -## Fix your mind on ## +# Fix your mind on -AT: “Pay attention to” or “Think about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "Pay attention to" or "Think about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## that I have witnessed to you today ## +# I have witnessed to you -AT: "that I am giving today as a declaration of truth to you" +Possible meanings are 1) "I have testified to you," referring to what Yahweh has said he will do to the Israelites if they disobey, or 2) "I have commanded you," referring to what Yahweh was commanding them to do. -## your children ## +# your children "your children and descendants" -## this is no trivial matter for you ## +# this is -AT: "this is not a matter for you to ignore" or "the law is not just empty words" or "you must pay attention to what the law says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +"this law is" -## because it is your life ## +# no trivial matter -AT: "because you will live if you obey it" \ No newline at end of file +This litotes can be stated positively. AT: "something very important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# because it is your life + +The abstract noun "life" can be translated as the verb "live." You may need to make explicit the metonymy of obeying the law, which represents the law itself. AT: "because you will live if you obey it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# prolong your days + +Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/25.md). AT: "be able to live a long time." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/48.md b/deu/32/48.md index 7368fb30c8..aebee0e4a3 100644 --- a/deu/32/48.md +++ b/deu/32/48.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Abarim mountains ## +# mountains of Abarim This is the name of a mountain range in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Mount Nebo ## +# Abarim, up Mount Nebo -This is the name of one of the mountains of Abarim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Abarim and climb up Mount Nebo" + +# Mount Nebo + +This is the highest place in the Abarim Mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# opposite Jericho + +"on the other side of the river from Jericho" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/50.md b/deu/32/50.md index a019a01115..9d8d765172 100644 --- a/deu/32/50.md +++ b/deu/32/50.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh finishes speaking to Moses. -## be gathered to your people ## +# be gathered to your people -This means Moses' soul would go to the same place as his relatives who died before him. AT: "join your ancestors who died before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] ) +This is a polite way of saying Moses' spirit would join the spirits of his relatives in the world of the dead. AT: "join your ancestors who died before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## Mount Hor ## +# Mount Hor -This is the name of a mountain of the border of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a mountain on the border of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Meribah ## +# Meribah -This is the name of place in the desert where Moses disobeyed God. God told Moses to speak to a rock to make water miraculously come out of it. Instead Moses hit the rock because he was angry with the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of the place in the desert where Moses disobeyed God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Wilderness of Sin ## +# wilderness of Zin -This is the name of a wilderness on southern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a wilderness on the southern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/32/intro.md b/deu/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3b8fe41e7c --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Deuteronomy 32 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 32:1-43, which is a song. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Punishment ##### +This chapter prophesies a time when Israel will be disobedient to Yahweh and he will be forced to punish them. This is meant to serve as a warning to the nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/01.md b/deu/33/01.md index 0dc33b1eb2..8e93d487c3 100644 --- a/deu/33/01.md +++ b/deu/33/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Yahweh...rose from Seir upon them. He shined out from Mount Paran ## +# General Information: -Moses compares Yahweh to the rising sun. This emphasizes the brightness of his appearance. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Moses begins to bless the tribes of Israel. Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## upon them ## +# Yahweh came from Sinai and rose from Seir upon them. He shined out from Mount Paran + +Moses compares Yahweh to the rising sun. AT: "When Yahweh came from Sinai, he looked to them like the sun when it rises from Seir and shines out from Mount Paran" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# upon them "upon the people of Israel" -## ten thousands of holy ones ## +# ten thousands of holy ones "10,000 angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## In his right hand were flashes of lightning ## +# In his right hand were flashes of lightning -AT: "Fire flashed from his right hand" \ No newline at end of file +Other possible meanings are 1) "In his right hand were flames of fire" or 2) "He gave them a law of fire" or 3) "He came from the south, down his mountain slopes." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/03.md b/deu/33/03.md index 02d55d7f91..82079d88f3 100644 --- a/deu/33/03.md +++ b/deu/33/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## the people ## +# General Information: + +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](./01.md). Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# General Information: + +These verses are difficult to understand. + +# the peoples "the people of Israel" -## all his holy people are in your hand ## +# all his holy ones are in your hand ... your feet ... your words -The pronouns "his" and "your" refer to Yahweh. The phrase "in your hand" refers to Yahweh's power and protection. AT: "All your people are in your power" or "Yahweh protects all his holy people" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The pronouns "his" and "your" refer to Yahweh. AT: "all Yahweh's holy ones are in his hand ... his feet ... his words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## an inheritance ## +# all his holy ones are in your hand -AT: "a possession" or "a precious possession" \ No newline at end of file +The hand is a metonym for power and protection. AT: "you protect all his holy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# an inheritance + +"a possession" or "a precious possession" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/05.md b/deu/33/05.md index 33817fbacc..01d9699930 100644 --- a/deu/33/05.md +++ b/deu/33/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Jeshurun ## +# General Information: -This is another name for Israel. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:15](../32/15.md). +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](./01.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Let Reuben live ## +# General Information: -This begins Moses' blessings to the individual tribes of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +Verse 5 is difficult to understand. + +# there was a king + +"Yahweh became king" + +# Jeshurun + +This is another name for Israel. Translated as in [Deuteronomy 32:15](../32/15.md). + +# Let Reuben live + +This begins Moses' blessings to the individual tribes of Israel. + +# but may his men be few + +Other possible meanings are 1) "and may his men not be few" or 2) "even though his men are few." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/07.md b/deu/33/07.md index 31332cf97e..3b30ec0a6c 100644 --- a/deu/33/07.md +++ b/deu/33/07.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. +# General Information: -## to the voice of Judah ## +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](./01.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "when the people of Judah pray to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# to the voice of Judah + +Here "voice of Judah" refers to the cries and prayers of the people of Judah. AT: "when the people of Judah pray to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# be a help + +The abstract noun "help" can be translated as a verb. AT: "help him to fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/08.md b/deu/33/08.md index 0e22c719a2..8091d08696 100644 --- a/deu/33/08.md +++ b/deu/33/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. +# General Information: -## Your Thummim and your Urim ## +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](./01.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -These were sacred stones the high priest carried on his breastplate and used at times to determine God's will. Here "your" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +# Your Thummim and your Urim -## the one you are pleased with ## +These were sacred stones the high priest carried on his breastplate and used at times to determine God's will. Here "your" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -This refers to the tribe of Levi. AT: "your holy one" +# your loyal one -## Massah ## +"your holy one" or "the one who seeks to please you." This refers to the tribe of Levi. -See how you translated this name in [Deuteronomy 6:16](../06/16.md). Translator may add a footnote that says: "The name 'Massah' means 'testing.'" +# Massah -## Meribah ## +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:16](../06/16.md). Translator may add a footnote that says: "The name 'Massah' means 'testing.'" -See how you translated this name in [Deuteronomy 32:50](../32/50.md). Translator may add a footnote that says: "The name 'Meribah' means 'argue' or 'quarrel.'" \ No newline at end of file +# Meribah + +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:51](../32/50.md). Translator may add a footnote that says: "The name 'Meribah' means 'argue' or 'quarrel.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/09.md b/deu/33/09.md index 7e4b50b335..83bf7603e0 100644 --- a/deu/33/09.md +++ b/deu/33/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Moses continues blessing the tribe of Levi. +# General Information: -## The man who said…kept your covenant ## +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](./01.md). The blessings are short poems. He continues describing the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](./08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Moses is explaining that the tribe of Levi was more dedicated to Yahweh's law than to their own family. +# your word -## For he guarded your word ## +"your commands" -AT: "for they obeyed your commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# guarded ... kept + +These words both mean to watch over and to protect. They are often metaphors for "obeyed," but here they should be translated literally because they refer to a time when the Levites literally killed people who were rebelling against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/10.md b/deu/33/10.md index 033ec8c538..c5cba992a6 100644 --- a/deu/33/10.md +++ b/deu/33/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Moses continues blessing the tribe of Levi. +# General Information: -## He teaches Jacob your decrees, Israel your law ## +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](./08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This is the same thought stated in two ways. AT: "The Levites teach your law to all the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# your ... your ... you ... your + +Moses is speaking to Yahweh, so all these words are singular. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/11.md b/deu/33/11.md index 5ccc6ce6e7..ed6a18a2d3 100644 --- a/deu/33/11.md +++ b/deu/33/11.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -Moses continues blessing the tribe of Levi. +# General Information: -## Shatter the loins of those ## +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues describing the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](./08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -The loins were considered the center of strength. AT: "Destroy those" or "Strike those" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# accept + +"be pleased with" or "be pleased to accept" + +# the work of his hands + +Here the word "hands" refers to the whole person. AT: "all the work that he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Shatter the loins of + +The loins were considered the center of strength, and are here represent strength. AT: "Take away the strength of" or "Utterly destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# rise up ... rise up + +This phrase is used twice as a metaphor. AT: "rise up to fight ... cause any more trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rise up against + +This is an idiom. AT: "fight against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/12.md b/deu/33/12.md index 87e7d0572c..4cf2cf8905 100644 --- a/deu/33/12.md +++ b/deu/33/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. +# General Information: -## The one loved by Yahweh lives ## +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "The ones Yahweh loves live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# The one loved by Yahweh lives -## he lives between Yahweh’s arms ## +Here Moses is referring to the members of the tribe of Benjamin. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The ones whom Yahweh loves live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh protects the tribe of Benjamin with his power, or 2) Yahweh lives in the hill region of the tribe of Benjamin. Either way it means Yahweh takes care of them. \ No newline at end of file +# lives in security + +The abstact noun "security" can be translated using a verb phrase. AT: "lives where no one can harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he lives between Yahweh's arms + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh protects the tribe of Benjamin with his power or 2) Yahweh lives in the hill region of the tribe of Benjamin. In both translations, it means Yahweh takes care of them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/13.md b/deu/33/13.md index bbe0b012bd..c0351bd87c 100644 --- a/deu/33/13.md +++ b/deu/33/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. +# General Information: -## About Joseph ## +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# About Joseph This refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the tribe of Manasseh. Both tribes descended from Joseph. -## May his land be blessed by Yahweh ## +# May his land be blessed by Yahweh -AT: "May Yahweh bless their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "his" refers to Joseph which represents the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. This can be stated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh bless their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## With the precious things of heaven, with the dew ## +# with the precious things of heaven, with the dew -AT: "with the precious dew from the sky" or "with the precious rain from the sky" +"with the precious dew from the sky" or "with the precious rain from the sky" -## the deep that lies beneath ## +# dew + +water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:2](../32/01.md). + +# the deep that lies beneath This refers to the water under the ground. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/14.md b/deu/33/14.md index 6d204c3a4a..6c638b0e04 100644 --- a/deu/33/14.md +++ b/deu/33/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Moses continues blessing the tribes of Joseph. +# General Information: -## With the precious things of the harvest made by the sun ## +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "With the best crops which the sun causes to grow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# May his land be blessed -## With the precious things of the passing of the months ## +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 33:13](./13.md). AT: "May Yahweh bless his land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "With the best crops that grow month to month" +# with the precious things of the harvest of the sun -## With the finest things of the ancient mountains, And with the precious things of the everlasting hills ## +"with the best crops that the sun causes to grow" -Both phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that Moses wants the best fruit to grow in the hills of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# with the precious things of the produce of the months + +"with the best crops that grow month to month" + +# finest things ... precious things + +Moses is probably referring to food crops. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "the best fruits ... the precious fruits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# ancient mountains + +"the mountains that existed long ago" + +# everlasting hills + +"the hills that will exist forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/16.md b/deu/33/16.md index 1073c0338b..a56a00b2c4 100644 --- a/deu/33/16.md +++ b/deu/33/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Moses continues to bless the tribes of Joseph. +# General Information: -## him who was in the bush ## +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This refers to Yahweh who first appeared to Moses in a burning bush. +# May his land be blessed -## come on the head of Joseph, and on the forehead of the head of him ## +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 33:13](./13.md). AT: "May Yahweh bless his land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "be upon the descendants of Joseph" \ No newline at end of file +# its abundance + +The abstract noun "abundance" can be translated as a verb phrase. AT: "what it produces in large amounts" + +# him who was in the bush + +The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Yahweh, who spoke to Moses from the burning bush" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let the blessing come on the head of Joseph + +This metaphor is of a man putting his hand on the head of a son and asking God to bless the son. The man here is Yahweh. AT: "May Yahweh bless Joseph as a father blesses his son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# come on the head of Joseph, and on the top of the head of him + +Here "head" and "top of the head" represent the whole person. Also, Joseph represents his descendants. AT: "be upon the descendants of Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# top of the head + +Another possible meaning is "brow" or "forehead." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/17.md b/deu/33/17.md index 968fffff5d..ae585f4403 100644 --- a/deu/33/17.md +++ b/deu/33/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Moses continues blessing the tribes of Joseph. +# General Information: -## The firstborn of an ox, majestic is he ## +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "Joseph's descendants are powerful like a firstborn bull" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# The firstborn of an ox, majestic is he -## firstborn of an ox ## +The ox is a metaphor for something large and strong. The word "firstborn" is a metaphor for honor. AT: "People will honor Joseph's descendants, who are many and powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Here "firstborn" and "ox" represent superiority and strength. +# his horns are the horns of -## his horns are the horns ## +The horn is a metaphor for strength. AT: "he is as strong as" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Here "horns" are also represent strength. +# With them he will push -## ten thousands of Ephraim...the thousands of Manasseh ## +Pushing with his horns is a metaphor for strength. AT: "He is so strong that he will push" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This means the tribe of Ephraim will be stronger than the tribe of Manasseh. AT: "the 10,000 of Ephraim...the 1,000 of Manasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# ten thousands of Ephraim ... the thousands of Manasseh + +This means the tribe of Ephraim will be stronger than the tribe of Manasseh. AT: "the people of Ephraim, who number many times 10,000 ... the people of Manasseh, who number many times 1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/18.md b/deu/33/18.md index 4532bdee07..8ea364b90e 100644 --- a/deu/33/18.md +++ b/deu/33/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. +# General Information: -## Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out, and you, Issachar, in your tents ## +Moses continues to bless each tribe of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He speaks to the tribes of Zebulun and Issachar as if they were one man, so the word "your" and the command "rejoice" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -The people of Zebulun were located near the Mediterranean Sea. They traveled by sea and traded with other people. The people of Issachar preferred peaceful living and working the land and raising cattle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out, and you, Issachar, in your tents -## sacrifices of righteousness ## +The people of Zebulun were located near the Mediterranean Sea. They traveled by sea and traded with other people. The people of Issachar preferred peaceful living and working the land and raising cattle. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "acceptable sacrifices" or "proper sacrifices" +# There will they offer -## For they will suck the abundance of the seas, and from the sand on the seashore ## +"It is there that they will offer" -This refers to trading with people across the sea. It may also refer to the fact that people were beginning to use sand in making pottery. The Hebrew word translated "suck" here refers to how a baby nurses at its mother's breast; this passage speaks of the ocean as if it were a nursing mother. It also speaks of the wealth to be gained by trading as if it were the milk of a nursing mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# sacrifices of righteousness + +"acceptable sacrifices" or "proper sacrifices" + +# For they will suck the abundance of the seas, and from the sand on the seashore + +Possible meanings are 1) they will trade with people across the sea or 2) they were beginning to use sand in making pottery. + +# For they will suck the abundance of the seas + +The Hebrew word translated "suck" here refers to how a baby nurses at its mother's breast. It means the people will gain wealth from the sea like a baby gets milk from its mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/20.md b/deu/33/20.md index 2178425be6..581fa09896 100644 --- a/deu/33/20.md +++ b/deu/33/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. +# General Information: -## Blessed be he who enlarges Gad ## +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This refers to Yahweh who gave the people of Gad a large territory. +# Blessed be he who enlarges Gad -## He will live there like a lioness, and he will tear off an arm or a head ## +This can stated in active form. AT: Possible meanings are 1) "May Yahweh bless Gad and give him much land to live in" or 2) "People should say that Yahweh is good because he has given Gad much land to live in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This means the people of Gad are strong and secure, and they will defeat their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +# He will live there like a lioness, and he will tear off an arm or a head + +This means the people of Gad are strong and secure, and they will defeat their enemies in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/21.md b/deu/33/21.md index 948e80a92b..6684c36fcd 100644 --- a/deu/33/21.md +++ b/deu/33/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Moses continues blessing the tribe of Gad. +# General Information: -## the leader’s portion ## +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Gad as one man, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:20](./20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This means a larger piece of land which a leader normally took. +# the leader's portion -## He came with the heads of the people ## +This means a larger piece of land that a leader normally took. -AT: "They met with all the leaders of the Israelites" +# He came with the heads of the people -## He carried out the justice of Yahweh and his decrees with Israel ## +"They met with all the leaders of the Israelites" -AT: "They obeyed all that Yahweh commanded the Israelites" \ No newline at end of file +# He carried out the justice of Yahweh and his decrees with Israel + +"They obeyed all that Yahweh had commanded the Israelites" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/22.md b/deu/33/22.md index d1a21c7660..51570c37e5 100644 --- a/deu/33/22.md +++ b/deu/33/22.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. +# General Information: -## Dan is a lion cub that leaps out from Bashan ## +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This means the people of Dan are strong, and they attack the enemies of the Israelites who live in Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Dan is a lion cub that leaps out from Bashan + +The people of Dan are strong like a lion cub, and they attack their enemies who live in Bashan. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/23.md b/deu/33/23.md index cbecd15b9b..fa11b89563 100644 --- a/deu/33/23.md +++ b/deu/33/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. +# General Information: -## satisfied with favor, and full of the blessing of Yahweh ## +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He speaks of the descendants of Naphtali as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "whom Yahweh has blessed and given many good things" +# satisfied with favor -## the land to the west and south ## +Yahweh being pleased with Naphtali is spoken of as if "favor" were food that Naphtali ate until he was no longer hungry. AT: "who has all the good things he desires because Yahweh is pleased with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This refers to the land around Lake Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# full of the blessing of Yahweh + +Blessings are spoken of as if they were food that Naphtali ate until he could hold no more. AT: "whom Yahweh has blessed so that he has all he needs" + +# take possession + +Moses speaks as if the tribe of Naphtali is one man, so these words are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the land to the west and south + +This refers to the land around Lake Galilee. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/24.md b/deu/33/24.md index d551f1414f..4982c8172b 100644 --- a/deu/33/24.md +++ b/deu/33/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Moses continues blessing each tribe of Israel. +# General Information: -## dip his foot in olive oil ## +Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This is a sign of blessing and prosperity. Moses prays that the people of Asher will have so many olive trees that they can produce enough oil to dip their feet in. +# dip his foot in olive oil -## May your city bars be iron and bronze ## +Olive oil was used for food and for the skin of the face and arms. Feet were dirty, so to put the foot in olive oil was to ruin valuable oil. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "have so much olive oil that he can afford to waste it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Cities had large bars across their gates to keep enemies out. Moses prays that they will be safe from enemy attacks. \ No newline at end of file +# your city bars ... your days ... your security + +Moses speaks to the tribe of Asher as if they are one man, so all instances of "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# May your city bars be iron and bronze + +Cities had large bars across their gates to keep enemies out. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "May you be safe from attacks by your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/26.md b/deu/33/26.md index 2f2465c23a..cf3a3902fe 100644 --- a/deu/33/26.md +++ b/deu/33/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Jeshurun ## +# Jeshurun -This is another name for Israel. It means "upright one." See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 32:15](../32/15.md). +This is another name for the people of Israel. It means "upright one." See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:15](../32/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## on the clouds ## +# rides through the heavens ... on the clouds -This is an image of Yahweh riding fast on clouds like a king in his chariot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an image of Yahweh riding on clouds through the sky like a king on his chariot riding through a battlefield. AT: "rides through the heavens like a king rides through a battlefield ... on the clouds like a king on his chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to your help + +"to help you." Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/27.md b/deu/33/27.md index 8e95e54c5a..b1d1ee1c60 100644 --- a/deu/33/27.md +++ b/deu/33/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## underneath are the everlasting arms ## +# The eternal God is a refuge -This means God will support and take care of his people forever. AT: "he holds you with his everlasting arms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "refuge," which means a shelter or a place safe from danger, can be stated as a verb. AT: "The eternal God will protect his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# underneath are the everlasting arms + +The words "everlasting arms" are a metaphor for Yahweh's promise to protect his people forever. AT: "he will support and take care of his people forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He thrust out ... he said + +Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true. AT "He will thrust out ... he will say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# before you ... Destroy + +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" and the command "destroy" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# he said, "Destroy!" + +If this direct quotation would not work well in your language, you may change it to an indirect quotation. AT: "he will tell you to destroy them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/28.md b/deu/33/28.md index 366411f429..47ee0593b2 100644 --- a/deu/33/28.md +++ b/deu/33/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Jacob's spring is secure ## +# Israel dwelt ... Jacob's spring was secure -AT: "may Jacob's descendants live securely" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true, "Israel will dwell ... Jacob's spring will be secure" or 2) Moses is blessing Israel, "May Israel dwell ... and may Jacob's spring be secure." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# Jacob's spring + +Possible meanings are 1) Jacob's home or 2) Jacob's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let his heavens drop dew + +The dew is spoken of as being so much that it is as if it were raining. Possible meanings are 1) Moses is blessing Israel, "may much dew cover the land like rain" or 2) Moses is telling what will happen in the future, "much dew will cover the land like rain." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dew + +water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:2](../32/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/29.md b/deu/33/29.md index 75df29c5cf..23048ad372 100644 --- a/deu/33/29.md +++ b/deu/33/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Who is like you, a people saved by Yahweh ## +# General Information: -AT: "There is no other people group like you, a people whom Yahweh has saved and uses to defeat his enemies" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## the shield of your help, and the sword of your majesty ## +# Who is like you, a people saved by Yahweh ... majesty? -This means Yahweh uses his power to fight for the Israelites and to protect them. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. AT: "There is no other people group like you, a people whom Yahweh has saved ... majesty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you will stamp down their high places ## +# the shield ... the sword -Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites will walk in victory over the backs of their enemies, or 2) the Israelites will destroy the places where the other people worship false gods. \ No newline at end of file +This merism speaks of Yahweh defending the Israelites from their enemies and enabling them to attack their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the shield of your help + +The word "shield" is a metaphor for Yahweh protecting and defending the Israelites. The abstract noun "help" can be translated as a verb. AT: "the one who protects you and helps you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the sword of your majesty + +The word "sword" is a metaphor for the power to kill with the sword in order to win battles. AT: "the one who enables you to win battles and so have majesty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will trample down their high places + +Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites will destroy the places where the other people worship false gods or 2) the Israelites will walk on the backs of their enemies when the Israelites defeat them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/33/intro.md b/deu/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f5fab315ff --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Deuteronomy 33 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 33, which are a series of quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Families ##### +Moses gives a series of prophecies or instructions for each of the tribes of Israel and Israel overall. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/34/01.md b/deu/34/01.md index 14ea7f276e..83a7b6387d 100644 --- a/deu/34/01.md +++ b/deu/34/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Mount Nebo ## +# Mount Nebo -This is the name of a mountain in Moab. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:48](../32/48.md). +This is the highest point of Mount Pisgah which is in the northern part of the Abarim mountain range. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:49](../32/48.md). -## Pisgah ## +# Pisgah -Pisgah appears to be the highest peak of Mount Nebo. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md). +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md). -## the City of Palms ## +# the City of Palms -This is another name for Jericho. \ No newline at end of file +This is another name for Jericho. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/34/04.md b/deu/34/04.md index 08e14e12da..e1c09f9542 100644 --- a/deu/34/04.md +++ b/deu/34/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Beth Peor ## +# Beth Peor -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:28](../03/28.md). \ No newline at end of file +This was a town in Moab. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:29](../03/28.md). + +# look at it with your eyes + +"see it for yourself" + +# to this day + +This refers to the time that this was written or edited, not to the present time in the twenty-first century. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/34/07.md b/deu/34/07.md index 3acf36f4ff..c9915a9d0b 100644 --- a/deu/34/07.md +++ b/deu/34/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## one hundred twenty years old...thirty days ## +# one hundred twenty years old ... thirty days -"120 years old...30 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"120 years old ... 30 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated ## +# his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated This means his eyes and body were still strong and healthy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/34/09.md b/deu/34/09.md index d95c060eac..61ef611610 100644 --- a/deu/34/09.md +++ b/deu/34/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the son of Nun ## +# son of Nun -See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:37](../01/37.md). +See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:38](../01/37.md). -## Moses had laid his hands on him ## +# Joshua ... was full of the spirit of wisdom -This is a sign of Moses dedicating Joshua for God's service. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks as if Joshua were a container and the spirit were a physical object that could be put into a container. AT: "Yahweh enabled Joshua ... to be very wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Moses had laid his hands on him + +The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Moses had laid his hands on him to set Joshua apart so Joshua would serve Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/34/10.md b/deu/34/10.md index fafbe3f88e..b75cf83c34 100644 --- a/deu/34/10.md +++ b/deu/34/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Yahweh knew face to face ## +# Yahweh knew face to face -This means Yahweh and Moses had a very close relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. It means Yahweh and Moses had a very close relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in all the great + +"who did all the great" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/34/intro.md b/deu/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f18cacdb07 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Deuteronomy 34 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter may have been written by Joshua, since it recorded Moses' death. This chapter officially ends the revelation of the law of Moses, and life in the Promised Land is about to begin again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Deuteronomy 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/front/intro.md b/deu/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7ffbcc9126 --- /dev/null +++ b/deu/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +# Introduction to Deuteronomy # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Deuteronomy #### + +1. First teaching (1:1–4:43) + -Reminder of Yahweh's guidance of Israel (1:1–46) + - Events at Kadesh and Sidon, and the defeat of Og, King of Basham (2:1–3:29) + - Appeal to obey the law of Yahweh (4:1–43) +1. Presenting the law of God and Rules and Warnings (4:44–28:68) + - The Ten Commandments (5:1–10:22) + - Rules and Warnings from the Law (11:1–26:19) +1. Instructions for entering Canaan (27:1–28:68) +1. Exhortation to obey the law of God, and ratification of the law (30) +1. Last words of Moses, his blessing, Song of Moses, and his death (31–34) + + +#### What is the Book of Deuteronomy about? #### + +This book records a retelling of the covenant with Israel, in which Yahweh reminds the Israelites of what he has done for them and what he expects from them. In fact, the book appears to present the Law as more closely applied to the Israelites once they shall have settled in the Promised Land. In this book, Moses warns the people against idolatry and the danger of losing their trust in Yahweh. Yahweh promises judgment on those who disobey him, and blessings on those who obey his Law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The name "Deuteronomy" means "Second Law" or "the retelling of the Law." Translators may decide on a title such as, "A Repeat of the Law" or "Moses explains the Law Again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). + +#### Who wrote the Book of Deuteronomy? #### + +The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the Book of Deuteronomy. However, many people have assumed that Joshua wrote chapter 34, which concerns how Moses died. + +#### What are the important features of the Book of Deuteronomy? #### + +The book contains a series of speeches that Moses gave to Israel before he died, as they would soon enter the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### When Yahweh commanded the Israelites to completely destroy the people who lived in the Promised Land, what was the significance of this command? #### + +As God was preparing the Israelites to enter the Promised Land, he gave them instructions to completely destroy the people whom they would defeat. In this way, the people in the land would become like the animals that Israel brought as whole burnt offerings to Yahweh, completely dedicated to him. Also in this way, the Israelites would not be tempted to associate with them and adopt their idols and their evil ways. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the role of God's name in Deuteronomy? #### + +God's name is mentioned over thirty times in the book of Deuteronomy. The use of God's name in this book usually functions as metonomy and represents God's honor or fame. At other times in Deuteronomy, God's name represents his presence, especially in connection with a place such as Jerusalem where he says he will be worshiped. + +#### Can this book be translated before the rest of the Pentateuch? #### + +The books of Genesis and Exodus provide the context for Deuteronomy. For this reason, those books should be translated before the Book of Deuteronomy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/01/01.md b/ecc/01/01.md index f1db071a97..4dbdf3f128 100644 --- a/ecc/01/01.md +++ b/ecc/01/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Like a vapor of mist, like a breeze in the wind ## +# Like a vapor of mist, like a breeze in the wind, everything vanishes -These two phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This speaks of how everything in life vanishes and has no lasting value as if everything were like a disappearing vapor or breeze. AT: "Like a vapor of mist vanishes and like a breeze in the wind disappears, everything vanishes and has no lasting value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## What profit does mankind gain...under the sun? ## +# What profit does mankind gain ... under the sun? -AT: "Mankind gains no profit...under the sun." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that man's work is pointless and has no lasting benefit. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Mankind gains no profit ... under the sun." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/01/04.md b/ecc/01/04.md index fd5e68a7b6..90c3d31d00 100644 --- a/ecc/01/04.md +++ b/ecc/01/04.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -The writer is presenting the natural order of life as he understands it. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The writer is presenting the natural order of life as he understands it. + +# hurries back to the place + +This speaks of how the sun sets at the end of the day and is soon ready to rise again, as if it were a person that quickly ran from the place where it sets to the place from which it rises. AT: "quickly returns to the place" or "quickly goes to the place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/01/07.md b/ecc/01/07.md index d2eb8d4a52..e730766b2c 100644 --- a/ecc/01/07.md +++ b/ecc/01/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Writer continues with natural order observations. +# General Information: -## Everything becomes wearisome ## +The writer continues with observations about the natural order. -Since man is unable to explain these things, it becomes futile to try. AT: "everything becomes tiring" +# Everything becomes wearisome -## The eye is not satisfied by what it sees ## +"Everything becomes tiring." Since man is unable to explain these things, it becomes useless to try. -One can not simply deduce to a simple explanation what one sees. AT: "A person is not satisfied by what his eyes see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# The eye is not satisfied by what it sees -## nor is the ear fulfilled by what it hears ## +Here the "eye" represents the whole person. AT: "A person is not satisfied by what his eyes see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -One can not simply deduce to a simple explanation what one hears. AT: "nor is a person content by what his ears hear" \ No newline at end of file +# nor is the ear fulfilled by what it hears + +Here the "ear" represents the whole person. AT: "nor is a person content by what his ears hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/01/09.md b/ecc/01/09.md index 8e3a128fee..e00cc71d37 100644 --- a/ecc/01/09.md +++ b/ecc/01/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + There is nothing new regarding man and his activities. -## whatever has been done is what will be done ## +# whatever has been done is what will be done -AT: "whatever people have done is what people will do in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whatever has happened before is what will happen again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Is there anything about which it may be said, 'Look, this is new'? ## +# under the sun -AT: "There is nothing about which someone may say, 'Look, this is new.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](./01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## will not likely be remembered either ## +# Is there anything about which it may be said, 'Look, this is new'? -AT: "people will not likely remember them either" \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that man cannot say there is anything new. This can be written as a statement. AT: "There is nothing about which it may be said, 'Look, this is new.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# about which it may be said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "about which someone may say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that will happen in the future + +The understood subject may be supplied. AT: "the things that will happen in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# will not likely be remembered either + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will not likely remember them either" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/01/12.md b/ecc/01/12.md index 195f387501..d3310a6e5a 100644 --- a/ecc/01/12.md +++ b/ecc/01/12.md @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ -## I applied my mind ## +# I applied my mind -AT: "I determined" or "I made up my mind" +Here the author refers to himself by his "mind" to emphasize his thoughts. AT: "I determined" or "I applied myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## to study and to search ## +# to study and to search out -These two phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how diligently he studied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## sons of men ## +# under heaven -AT: "human beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This refers to things that are done on earth. AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## all the deeds that are done ## +# children of mankind -AT: "everything that people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"human beings" -## vapor ## +# all the deeds that are done -"mist" or "breath." It does not last. AT: "temporary" or "worthless." What people do is like vapor because it does not last and is worthless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everything that people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## an attempt to shepherd the wind ## +# under the sun -The Teacher says that the things that people do are like trying to catch the wind or to keep the wind from blowing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](./01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## The twisted cannot be straightened! The missing cannot be counted! ## +# look -AT: "People cannot straighten things that are twisted! They cannot count what is not there!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The author uses this word to draw attention to what he says next. AT: "indeed" or "really" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# amount to vapor ... an attempt to shepherd the wind + +These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# amount to vapor + +"are only mist." The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were "vapor." Just as vapor disappears and does not last, things have no lasting value. AT: "are as useless as vapor" or "are meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an attempt to shepherd the wind + +The author says that everything that people do is as useless as if they were trying to control the wind. AT: "are as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The twisted cannot be straightened! The missing cannot be counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People cannot straighten things that are twisted! They cannot count what is not there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/01/16.md b/ecc/01/16.md index 2770830ab6..e2bf902d3b 100644 --- a/ecc/01/16.md +++ b/ecc/01/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## I applied my heart ## +# I have spoken to my heart -AT: "I determined" or "I made up my mind" +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "I have spoken to myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## madness and folly ## +# My mind has seen -The words "madness" and "folly" mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here the author refers to himself by his "mind" to emphasize what he has learned. AT: "I have gained" or "I have learned" -## an attempt to shepherd the wind ## +# I applied my heart -See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:12](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "I determined" or "I applied myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# madness and folly + +The words "madness" and "folly" share similar meanings and refer to foolish thinking and behavior, respectively. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# an attempt to shepherd the wind + +The author says learning wisdom and madness and folly is as useless as trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](./12.md). AT: "as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/01/intro.md b/ecc/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4e0d2a0350 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:2-18, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Tone ##### +The tone of this chapter is sad, or depressing. The author believes that everything in life is pointless. The metaphors in this chapter all describe the idea that nothing ever changes. This is also known as "fatalism." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Ecclesiastes intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/01.md b/ecc/02/01.md index 8c8bfb5f20..a3b6970b42 100644 --- a/ecc/02/01.md +++ b/ecc/02/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## I said in my heart ## +# I said in my heart -AT: "I said to myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "I said to myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## I will test you with happiness ## +# I will test you with happiness -Here the word "you" refers himself. AT: "I will test myself with things that make me happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here the word "you" refers to himself. The word "happiness" can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "I will test myself with things that make me happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## So enjoy pleasure ## +# So enjoy pleasure -AT: "So I will enjoy things that please me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The word "pleasure" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "So I will enjoy things that please me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## I said about laughter, "It is crazy" ## +# this also was just a temporary breeze -AT: "I said that it is crazy to laugh at things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +This speaks of how happiness only lasts for a short time as if it were a temporary breeze. AT: "this also only lasted for a short time, like a temporary breeze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## What use is it? ## +# I said about laughter, "It is crazy," -AT: "It is useless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The direct quotation can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "I said that it is crazy to laugh at things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# What use is it? + +The author uses a rhetorical question to emphasize that pleasure is useless. AT: "It is useless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/03.md b/ecc/02/03.md index 338438a486..7175c2d3f4 100644 --- a/ecc/02/03.md +++ b/ecc/02/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## I explored in my heart ## +# I explored in my heart -AT: "I thought hard about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This speaks of thinking hard for a long time as if it were exploring. Also, the author speaks of his feelings and his thoughts as if they were his "heart." AT: "I thought hard about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to gratify my desires with wine ## +# to gratify my desires with wine -AT: "to use wine to make myself happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The word "desires" may be expressed as a verbal phrase. AT: "to use wine to make myself happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## I let my mind guide me with wisdom ## +# I let my mind guide me with wisdom -AT: "I thought about the things that wise people had taught me" +Here the author speaks of using the wisdom that he had been taught to guide himself as if this wisdom were a person who guided him. AT: "I thought about the things that wise people had taught me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## during the days of their lives ## +# under heaven -AT: "as long as they live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to things that are done on earth. AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# during the days of their lives + +"during the time that they are alive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/04.md b/ecc/02/04.md index caaa7b4973..f90f08c5e6 100644 --- a/ecc/02/04.md +++ b/ecc/02/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## I built houses for myself and planted vineyards ## +# I built houses for myself and planted vineyards. I built for myself gardens and parks. I planted ... I created -The writer probably told people to do the work. AT: "I had people build houses and plant vineyards for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The writer probably told people to do the work. AT: "I had people build houses and plant vineyards for me. I had them build gardens and parks for me ... I had them plant ... I had them create" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## gardens and parks ## +# gardens and parks -These two words share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two words share similar meanings and refer to beautiful orchards of fruit trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## to water a forest ## +# to water a forest "to provide water for a forest" -## forest where trees were grown ## +# forest where trees were grown -AT: "forest where trees grew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "forest where trees grew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/07.md b/ecc/02/07.md index c8e39ce7fe..61e014a731 100644 --- a/ecc/02/07.md +++ b/ecc/02/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## I had slaves born in my palace ## +# I had slaves born in my palace -AT: "I had slaves that were born in my palace" or "My slaves bore children and they also were my slaves" +"I had slaves that were born in my palace" or "My slaves bore children and they also were my slaves" -## by means of numerous wives and concubines, I did things that would bring pleasure to any man on earth ## +# much more than any king -AT: "and I greatly enjoyed my many wives and concubines, as any man would" \ No newline at end of file +The understood verb may be supplied. AT: "much more than any other king had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the treasures of kings and provinces + +This refers to the gold and other wealth that neighboring countries were forced to pay to the king of Israel. AT: "that I acquired from the treasures of kings and the rulers of provinces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# provinces + +Here "provinces" represents the rulers of the provinces. AT: "the rulers of provinces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the delights of the children of humanity—and many concubines + +This means that he had many concubines that he enjoyed sleeping with, as any man enjoys sleeping with women. AT: "I greatly enjoyed many concubines, as would delight any man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/09.md b/ecc/02/09.md index 049aa079a1..b2d792b4d0 100644 --- a/ecc/02/09.md +++ b/ecc/02/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Whatever my eyes desired ## +# than all who were before me in Jerusalem -AT: "Whatever I saw and desired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This refers to all the previous rulers of Jerusalem. AT: "than all the kings who had ruled before me in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I did not withhold from them ## +# my wisdom remained with me -This can be stated positively. AT: "I got for myself" +This is an idiom. "I continued to act wisely" or "I continued to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I did not withhold my heart from any pleasure ## +# Whatever my eyes desired ... from them -This can be stated positively. AT: "I allowed myself to enjoy everything that made me happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here the author refers to himself by his "eyes" to emphasize what he sees. AT: "Whatever I saw and desired ... from myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## my heart rejoiced ## +# I did not withhold from them -AT: "I rejoiced" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated positively. AT: "I got for them" + +# I did not withhold my heart from any pleasure + +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his desires. This can be stated positively and the word "pleasure" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "I did not keep myself from any pleasure" or "I allowed myself to enjoy everything that made me happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my heart rejoiced + +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his desires. AT: "I rejoiced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/11.md b/ecc/02/11.md index a0e4e8a17d..cf7a964481 100644 --- a/ecc/02/11.md +++ b/ecc/02/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## all the deeds that my hands had accomplished ## +# all the deeds that my hands had accomplished -AT: "all that I had accomplished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the author refers to himself by his "hands." AT: "all that I had accomplished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## vapor and an attempt to shepherd the wind ## +# vapor ... an attempt to shepherd the wind -See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:12](../01/12.md). +These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## madness and folly ## +# vapor -These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"mist." The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were "vapor." See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For what can the next king do...which has not already been done? ## +# an attempt to shepherd the wind -The writer uses this question to emphasize his point that the next king will not be able to do anything more valuable that what he had already done. AT: "For the next king can do nothing...which has not already been done." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The author says that everything that people do is as useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "are as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the next king...who comes after the king ## +# There was no profit under the sun in it -"the king...who succeeds the current king." This was probably written by the current king, so "after the king" could also be translated as "after me." (See: UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"But it had no profit under the sun" + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# madness and folly + +The words "madness" and "folly" have similar meanings and refer to foolish thinking and behavior, respectively. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:17](../01/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# For what can the next king do who comes after the king, which has not already been done? + +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his point that the next king will not be able to do anything more valuable that what he had already done. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "For the next king who comes after the king can do nothing that a king before him has not already done." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the next king ... who comes after the king + +"the king ... who succeeds the current king" or "the next king ... who comes after me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/13.md b/ecc/02/13.md index 389b120b73..3fa90b5b98 100644 --- a/ecc/02/13.md +++ b/ecc/02/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## wisdom has advantages over folly, just as light is better than darkness ## +# wisdom has advantages over folly, just as light is better than darkness -Wisdom his better than folly, just as light is better than darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This speaks of how wisdom is better than folly by comparing it to how light is better than darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## The wise man uses his eyes in his head to see where he is going ## +# The wise man uses his eyes in his head to see where he is going -AT: "The wise man is like a person who uses his eyes to see where he is going" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of a wise man making wise decisions as walking and paying attention to where he is going. AT: "The wise man is like a person who uses his eyes to see where he is going" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## uses his eyes in his head to see ## +# uses his eyes in his head to see -AT: "can see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "pays attention and looks to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the fool walks in darkness ## +# the fool walks in darkness -AT: "the fool is like a person who walks in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This compares a fool making bad decisions to someone walking in darkness. AT: "the fool is like a person who walks in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the same destiny is in store for everyone + +This is an idiom. Here "destiny" refers to death. This can be stated clearly. AT: "the same thing happens to everyone" or "everyone eventually dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/15.md b/ecc/02/15.md index fed8ff8e27..95ad1e13df 100644 --- a/ecc/02/15.md +++ b/ecc/02/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## I said in my heart ## +# I said in my heart -AT: "I said to myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "I said to myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## So what difference does it make if I am very wise? ## +# So what difference does it make if I am very wise? -The writer uses this question to emphasize his point that there is no benefit to being wise. AT: "So it makes no difference if I am very wise." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no benefit to being wise. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "So it makes no difference if I am very wise." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I concluded in my heart ## +# I concluded in my heart -AT: "I concluded" +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "I concluded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## vapor ## +# is only vapor -See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:12](../01/12.md). +"is only mist." The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were "vapor." See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "is as useless as vapor" or "is meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the wise man, like the fool, is not remembered for very long ## +# For the wise man, like the fool, is not remembered for very long -AT: "people will not remember the wise man for very long, just as they do not remember the fool for very long" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People do not remember the wise man for very long, just as they do not remember the fool for very long" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## everything will have been long forgotten ## +# everything will have been long forgotten -AT: "people will have long forgotten everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will have long forgotten everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/17.md b/ecc/02/17.md index 586f36f63d..b26fbefc83 100644 --- a/ecc/02/17.md +++ b/ecc/02/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## all the work done ## +# all the work done -AT: "all the work that people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the work that people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## vapor and an attempt to shepherd the wind ## +# was evil to me -See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:12](../01/12.md). \ No newline at end of file +"troubled me" + +# vapor ... an attempt to shepherd the wind + +These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were "vapor." See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an attempt to shepherd the wind + +The author says everything that people do is as useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to the man who comes after me + +"to the man who inherits it after me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/19.md b/ecc/02/19.md index a2c93f3f3f..f783db14de 100644 --- a/ecc/02/19.md +++ b/ecc/02/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## And who knows whether he will be a wise man or a fool? ## +# For who knows whether he will be a wise man or a fool? -AT: "And no one knows whether he will be a wise man or a fool." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one knows the character the man who will inherit his wealth. AT: "For no one knows whether he will be a wise man or a fool." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## he will be ## +# he will be -"he" refers to the person who will inherit Solomon's wealth. +The word "he" refers to the author's heir. -## my heart began to despair ## +# under the sun -AT: "I began to despair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that my work and wisdom have built + +Here the author's "work" and "wisdom" represent himself and the things he did in his wisdom. He probably had help with the literal buildings. AT: "that I worked very hard and wisely to build" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were "vapor." See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my heart began to despair + +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "I began to despair" or "I began to lose all hope" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/21.md b/ecc/02/21.md index 07bec31e50..8e10fcbbd2 100644 --- a/ecc/02/21.md +++ b/ecc/02/21.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## a great tragedy ## +# who works with wisdom, with knowledge, and skill + +"who works wisely and skillfully, using the things that he has learned" + +# who has not made any of it + +"who has not worked for any of it" + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were "vapor." See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a great tragedy "a great disaster" -## For what profit does the person gain who works so hard and tries in his heart to complete his labors under the sun? ## +# For what profit does the person gain who works so hard and tries in his heart to complete his labors under the sun? -AT: "For the person who works so hard and tries in his heart to complete his labors under the sun gains nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The author uses a rhetorical question to emphasize that the man who works hard gains nothing. Translate "what profit does ... gain" as you did in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "For the person who works so hard and tries in his heart to complete his labors under the sun gains nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## works so hard and tries in his heart ## +# works so hard and tries in his heart -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how strenuously the person works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## tries in his heart ## +# tries in his heart -AT: "tries anxiously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "tries anxiously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## painful and stressful ## +# under the sun -These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## his soul does not find rest ## +# painful and stressful -AT: "his mind does not rest" or "he continues to worry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how difficult the person's work is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# his soul does not find rest + +Here man's mind is referred to as his "soul" to emphasize his deep thoughts. AT: "his mind does not rest" or "he continues to worry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/24.md b/ecc/02/24.md index 9bc922b1d9..9ae98537b7 100644 --- a/ecc/02/24.md +++ b/ecc/02/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## this truth comes from God's hand ## +# God's hand -AT: "this truth comes from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here God is represented by his "hand" to emphasize how he provides for people. AT: "from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## For who can eat or who can have any kind of pleasure apart from God? ## +# For who can eat or who can have any kind of pleasure apart from God? -AT: "For no one can eat or have any kind of pleasure apart from God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no pleasure can be had without God's provision. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "For no one can eat or have any kind of pleasure apart from God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/26.md b/ecc/02/26.md index ea44f207cc..3917af2e8f 100644 --- a/ecc/02/26.md +++ b/ecc/02/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## so that he may give it away to someone who pleases God ## +# so that he may give it away to someone who pleases God -The word "he" may refer either to God or to the sinner. The word "it" refers to what the sinner has gathered and stored. AT: "so that the one who pleases God may have it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-singularpronouns]]) +Possible meanings for the word "he" are 1) God or 2) the sinner. This also can be translated without making it clear who it is that gives the things that the sinner stored. AT: "so that the one who pleases God may have it" -## vapor and an attempt to shepherd the wind ## +# vapor ... an attempt to shepherd the wind -See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:12](../01/12.md). \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were "vapor." See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an attempt to shepherd the wind + +The author speaks of everything that people do as being useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "are as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/02/intro.md b/ecc/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..82a9d883d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:10-26, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pleasures ##### +When the author thought about the pointlessness of life, he decided to fill it with pointless pleasures. He believed that this type of living would have no effect on the world. Therefore, he indulged in every type of pleasure. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Assumed knowledge ##### +It is assumed that the author is going to reject the way of living in this chapter. He is certainly not encouraging this way of living even though he does not say this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/01.md b/ecc/03/01.md index 46a9e31996..68cdade369 100644 --- a/ecc/03/01.md +++ b/ecc/03/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -The writer shifts into listing several merisms of life. +# General Information: -## For everything there is an appointed time, and a season for every purpose ## +The writer uses merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# For everything there is an appointed time, and a season for every purpose These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## born and...die ... kill and...heal ## +# under heaven -These are various aspects of life as described from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## a time to pull up plants ## +# a time to pull up plants -Possible meanings are 1) "a time to harvest" or 2) "a time to weed" or 3) "a time to uproot." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "a time to harvest" or 2) "a time to uproot." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/04.md b/ecc/03/04.md index 6f880df716..2103b57eb9 100644 --- a/ecc/03/04.md +++ b/ecc/03/04.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -The writer continues with merisms of life. +# General Information: -## weep and...laugh ... mourn and...dance ## +The writer continues with merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -These are various aspects of life as described from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# embrace + +to hold someone in your arms to show love or friendship \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/06.md b/ecc/03/06.md index 06dca378fe..fd73fb6b30 100644 --- a/ecc/03/06.md +++ b/ecc/03/06.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -The writer continues with merisms of life. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The writer continues with merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/08.md b/ecc/03/08.md index 87c8057164..d3588222e4 100644 --- a/ecc/03/08.md +++ b/ecc/03/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -The writer concludes his merisms of life. +# General Information: -## What profit does the worker gain in his labor? ## +The writer concludes using merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -This is a thought provoking question to focus the reader on the next discussion topic. \ No newline at end of file +# What profit does the worker gain in his labor? + +This is a thought provoking question to focus the reader on the next discussion topic. Translate "what profit does ... gain" as you did in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "The worker gains no profit for his labor." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/11.md b/ecc/03/11.md index fcf7f7217f..0a788c897c 100644 --- a/ecc/03/11.md +++ b/ecc/03/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## placed eternity in their hearts ## +# God has made everything suitable for its own time -Here the word "their" refers to human beings. AT: "placed eternity in the hearts of human beings" \ No newline at end of file +"God has fixed a time that is right for everything to happen" or "God has set a time that is right for each thing to happen: + +# placed eternity in their hearts + +Here the word "their" refers to human beings. Here the "hearts" of the people represent their thoughts and desires. AT: "placed eternity in the hearts of human beings" or "caused people to think about eternal things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from their beginning all the way to their end + +This refers to the beginning and the end and all that is in between. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/12.md b/ecc/03/12.md index 968192d1fd..f2f57f81fc 100644 --- a/ecc/03/12.md +++ b/ecc/03/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## should understand how to enjoy ## +# should understand how to enjoy -the writer is emphasizing the practice of enjoying one's work, not an intellectual knowledge of how to go about enjoying one's work. \ No newline at end of file +"should learn how to enjoy" or "should enjoy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/14.md b/ecc/03/14.md index a95f5104c3..472745443b 100644 --- a/ecc/03/14.md +++ b/ecc/03/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Whatever exists has already existed ## +# Nothing can be added to it or taken away -See how you translated this phrase in [Ecclesiastes 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one can add anything to or take anything away from it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/16.md b/ecc/03/16.md index 08080f7079..9ff931af72 100644 --- a/ecc/03/16.md +++ b/ecc/03/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## wickedness exists where there should be justice, and in place of righteousness wickedness is often found ## +# I have seen the wickedness ... wickedness was there -These two phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how common wicked behavior is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## wickedness is often found ## +# in place of righteousness -AT: "people often find wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"where there should be righteousness" -## I said in my heart ## +# under the sun -AT: "I said to myself" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## every matter and every deed ## +# I said in my heart -These two phrases are similar and are combined for emphasis. \ No newline at end of file +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "I said to myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the righteous and the wicked + +This refers to righteous and wicked people. AT: "those who are righteous and those who are wicked" or "the righteous people and the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# every matter and every deed + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to every action that people do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/18.md b/ecc/03/18.md index a8f5a60ea2..f7575a7640 100644 --- a/ecc/03/18.md +++ b/ecc/03/18.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# I said in my heart + +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "I said to myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they are like animals + +Here the author says that human beings are like animals. In the next verse the author explains clearly how humans are like animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/19.md b/ecc/03/19.md index 00edc2a3c4..a46a4439bd 100644 --- a/ecc/03/19.md +++ b/ecc/03/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## has no advantage over the animals ## +# is the same fate for them -AT: "is no better off than the animals" +"is the same for both of them" or "is the same" -## Is not everything just a rapid breath? ## +# The breath is the same for all of them -AT: "Everything is just a rapid breath." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"All of them breathe the same" + +# There is no advantage for mankind over the animals + +"Mankind is no better off than the animals" + +# is not everything just a breath? + +Here the author speaks of everything being as temporary as if it were a breath of air. The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that everything is temporary. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Everything is just a breath." or "Everything is as temporary as a breath." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Everything is going to the same place + +This means that all people and all animals die and decay and become part of the soil. AT: "Everything dies and goes to the same place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# dust + +"soil" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/21.md b/ecc/03/21.md index 54281d7c96..9650e10dc4 100644 --- a/ecc/03/21.md +++ b/ecc/03/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Who knows whether the spirit...into the earth? ## +# Who knows whether the spirit ... into the earth? -The writer states that man does not know if the spirit of animals end up in a different or same place as the spirit of man does when they die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The author asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one truly knows what happens after people and animals die. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one knows whether the spirit ... into the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## there is nothing better for anyone than to ## +# there is nothing better for anyone than to See how you translated this phrase in [Ecclesiastes 3:12](./12.md). -## Who can bring...after him? ## +# Who can bring him back to see what happens after him? -No one has raised any person or animal from the dead. AT: "No one can bring...after him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one will see what happens after he dies. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one of us knows what happens to us after we die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/03/intro.md b/ecc/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c2b28b7da1 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Parallelism ##### +The chapter uses parallelism with the phrase, "a time to." This gives the quotation a poetic style. Their overall purpose is to show that Yahweh directs the events of the world and therefore, they have purpose. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/01.md b/ecc/04/01.md index 60a62c55e6..9bd520d62e 100644 --- a/ecc/04/01.md +++ b/ecc/04/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Power is in the hand of their oppressors ## +# under the sun -AT: "Their oppressors have great authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## but the oppressed have no comforter ## +# behold -No one with authority is defending the oppressed. \ No newline at end of file +"indeed." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# the tears of oppressed people + +Here "tears" represent weeping. AT: "the oppressed people were weeping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Power was in the hand of their oppressors + +This means that their oppressors were powerful. Here their "hand" represents what thet possess. AT: "Their oppressors were powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/02.md b/ecc/04/02.md index 579e1570ce..a560da674c 100644 --- a/ecc/04/02.md +++ b/ecc/04/02.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## more fortunate than both of them is the one who has not yet lived ## +# I congratulate dead people -AT: "the one who has not yet been born is better off than both of them" \ No newline at end of file +"I consider dead people as more fortunate" + +# the living, those who are still alive + +The word "living" is a nominal adjective that refers to people who are living. The phrase "those who are still alive" means the same thing as "the living." AT: "the people who are still alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# more fortunate than both of them is the one who has not yet lived + +"the one who has not yet been born is better off than both of them" + +# both of them + +This refers to those who are dead and to those who are alive. AT: "both those who are dead and those who are living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/04.md b/ecc/04/04.md index d0c3ba1318..c7702a491c 100644 --- a/ecc/04/04.md +++ b/ecc/04/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## the envy of one's neighbor ## +# became the envy of one's neighbor -possible meanings are 1) The neighbor envy's the object his neighbor made or 2) the neighbor envy's the skills his neighbor has. +The word "envy" may be expressed as an adjective. AT: "made one's neighbor envious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## vapor and an attempt to shepherd the wind ## +# the envy of one's neighbor -No one can control or direct the wind like they can animals. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:12](../01/12.md). \ No newline at end of file +possible meanings are 1) The neighbor envies the object his neighbor made, or 2) the neighbor envies the skills his neighbor has. + +# vapor ... an attempt to shepherd the wind + +These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were vapor. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an attempt to shepherd the wind + +The author speaks of everything that people do as being useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "are as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/05.md b/ecc/04/05.md index fe2493ab32..8386514bf6 100644 --- a/ecc/04/05.md +++ b/ecc/04/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## folds his hands and does not work ## +# The fool folds his hands and does not work -To fold the hands is a gesture of laziness and is another way of saying that the person refuses to work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +To fold the hands is a gesture of laziness and is another way of saying that the person refuses to work. AT: "The fool refuses to work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## so his food is his own flesh ## +# so his food is his own flesh -AT: "as a result, he causes his own ruin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of a person destroying himself as if he were eating his own body. AT: "as a result, he causes his own ruin" or "and as a result, he destroys himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## work that tries to shepherd the wind ## +# a handful -Not all work is profitable. Some work is not profitable like trying to control the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"a small amount" + +# two handfuls + +"a large amount." It is understood that this refer to profit gained. AT: "two handfuls of profit" or "a large amount of profit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# that tries to shepherd the wind + +The author speaks of everything that people do as being useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "that is as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/07.md b/ecc/04/07.md index 20a4fb0c73..e4147db12e 100644 --- a/ecc/04/07.md +++ b/ecc/04/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## no son or brother ## +# futility -This person has no family. +being useless, without profit -## his eyes are not satisfied ## +# more vanishing vapor -AT: "he is not satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"more vanishing mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were vapor. See how you translated "vapor" in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "more things that are as useless as vapor" or "more meaningless things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## "For whom am I toiling and depriving myself of pleasure?" ## +# under the sun -AT: "Will anyone benefit from me working hard and not enjoying myself?" or "My work does not benefit anyone and I am not enjoying myself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# no son or brother + +This person has no family. AT: "he has no family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his eyes are not satisfied + +Here the whole person is represented by his "eyes" to emphasize his desires. AT: "he is not satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# For whom am I toiling and depriving myself of pleasure + +"Will anyone benefit from me working hard and not enjoying myself" + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were vapor. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/09.md b/ecc/04/09.md index a274e7d525..8384e5080e 100644 --- a/ecc/04/09.md +++ b/ecc/04/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## And if two lie down together, they can be warm ## +# sorrow follows the one who is alone when he falls -The writer speaks of two people keeping each other warm on a cold night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here sorrow is spoken of as if it were a person that could follow someone else. AT: "the one who is alone when he falls is sorrowful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## how can one be warm alone? ## +# If two lie down together, they can be warm -AT: "a person cannot be warm when he is alone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of two people keeping each other warm on a cold night. AT: "If two people lie down together at night, they can be warm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# how can one be warm alone? + +This refers to a person lying down. The author use this rhetorical question to emphasize that two people can keep each other warm but one person cannot. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "a person cannot be warm when he is alone." or "a person who lies down alone cannot be warm." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/12.md b/ecc/04/12.md index 451a8b1861..829a1c3e8a 100644 --- a/ecc/04/12.md +++ b/ecc/04/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## withstand an attack ## +# One man alone can be overpowered + +This can be written in active form. AT: "Someone can overpower a person who is alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but two + +"but two people" + +# withstand an attack "defend themselves against an attack" -## a three-strand rope is not quickly broken ## +# a three-strand rope -strand rope is not quickly broken** - AT: "people cannot easily break a rope made with three strands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of three people together being stronger as if they were a three-strand rope. AT: "three people are even stronger, like a three-strand rope that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a three-strand rope is not quickly broken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people cannot easily break a rope made with three strands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/13.md b/ecc/04/13.md index 33cbdf6226..2bf42422f6 100644 --- a/ecc/04/13.md +++ b/ecc/04/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## he was born poor in his kingdom ## +# youth -AT: "he was born to poor parents who lived in the land that he would someday rule" \ No newline at end of file +"young man" + +# who no longer knows how + +Here knowing represents willingness. AT: "who is no longer willing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from prison + +"after being in prison" + +# he was born poor in his kingdom + +This means that he had poor parents. AT: "he was born to poor parents who lived in the land that he will someday rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/15.md b/ecc/04/15.md index 1f9f299351..11867471fd 100644 --- a/ecc/04/15.md +++ b/ecc/04/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Instead of choosing the wise youth, the people choose the king's son who may not be any wiser. +# General Information: -## alive and walking around ## +Instead of choosing the wise youth, the people choose the king's son, who may not be any wiser. -The words "alive" and "walking around" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# alive and walking around -## There is no end to all the people ## +The words "alive" and "walking around" mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize living people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "There are very many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# under the sun -## vapor and an attempt to shepherd the wind ## +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:12](../01/12.md). \ No newline at end of file +# There is no end to all the people + +This is an exaggeration used to emphasize a large number of people. AT: "There are very many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# vapor ... an attempt to shepherd the wind + +These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were vapor. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an attempt to shepherd the wind + +The author speaks of everything that people do as being useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "are as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/intro.md b/ecc/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b3f24a33b --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 4, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Irony ##### +The teacher looks at the oppression in the world and is saddened by it, but he is the king and has the power to change things. He also laments being alone even though he has many wives, children, and concubines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/01.md b/ecc/05/01.md index e914e2b78e..d61761319c 100644 --- a/ecc/05/01.md +++ b/ecc/05/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Go there to listen ## +# Guard your steps -It is more important to go to the temple to listen and learn of God's law in order to obey God than it is to offer sacrifices but continue to sin against God. \ No newline at end of file +Here "steps" are a metonym for a person's conduct. AT: "Be careful how you conduct yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/02.md b/ecc/05/02.md index 5bc3dbfd9f..40f69c2910 100644 --- a/ecc/05/02.md +++ b/ecc/05/02.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## speak with your mouth ## +# Do not be too quick ... do not let your heart be too quick -To make a promise or vow to God. +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that you should think first before you speak to God about a matter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Do not be too quick...do not let your heart be too quick ## +# to speak with your mouth -These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the phrase "with your mouth" emphasizes and describes a person speaking. AT: "to speak" -## let your words be few ## +# do not let your heart -AT: "do not say too much" \ No newline at end of file +Here a person is represented by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions and desires. AT: "do not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# let your words be few + +"do not say too much" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/04.md b/ecc/05/04.md index e6061d14d5..e13b7267b5 100644 --- a/ecc/05/04.md +++ b/ecc/05/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## for God has no pleasure in fools ## +# do not delay to do it, for God has no pleasure in fools -One characteristic of a fool is to make promises or vows that they have no intention of keeping or fulfilling. \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that it is foolish to delay in fulfilling a vow that you have made to God. AT: "do not foolishly delay in doing it, because God is not pleased with foolish people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/06.md b/ecc/05/06.md index ff06cb9c0c..7ce010955a 100644 --- a/ecc/05/06.md +++ b/ecc/05/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Do not allow your mouth to cause your flesh to sin ## +# Do not allow your mouth to cause your flesh to sin -AT: "Do not let what you say cause you to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here a person's "mouth" represents a person's speech, and the person himself is represented by his "flesh." AT: "Do not let what you say cause you to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Why make God angry...? ## +# Why make God angry by vowing falsely, provoking God to destroy the work of your hands? -AT: "It would be foolish to make God angry..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that it is foolish to make a vow that you will not keep. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "It would be foolish to make God angry by vowing falsely, provoking God to destroy the work of your hands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## destroy the work of your hands ## +# destroy the work of your hands -AT: "destroy everything you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here a person is represented by his "hands." AT: "destroy everything you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## For in many dreams, as in many words, there is meaningless vapor ## +# For in many dreams, as in many words, there is meaningless vapor -"Multiplying words does not give them substance, just like having many dreams make them any more real." \ No newline at end of file +The author speaks of things as being useless and futile as if they were vapor. See how you translated "vapor" in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "For many dreams and many words are as useless as vapor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/08.md b/ecc/05/08.md index 6732592dfd..117b373a6c 100644 --- a/ecc/05/08.md +++ b/ecc/05/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## the poor being oppressed and robbed ## +# the poor being oppressed and robbed -AT: "people oppressing poor people and robbing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people oppressing the poor and robbing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## just and right ## +# the poor -These words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This refers to poor people. AT: "those who are poor" or "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## do not be astonished ## +# just and right treatment -"do not be surprised" (UDB) +The words "just" and "right" mean basically the same thing and refer to the kind of treatment that people deserve. AT: "fair treatment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## there are men in power ## +# do not be astonished as if no one knows, because there are people -AT: "there are men with authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"do not be surprised, for there are people -## even higher ones over them ## +# there are people in power + +"there are people with authority" + +# even higher ones over them There are other men who rule over the men in authority. AT: "men who have even more authority than they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the produce of the land ## +# the produce of the land ... produce from the fields -AT: "the food that the land produces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "produce" may be expressed as a verb. AT: "the food that the land produces ... crops from the fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/10.md b/ecc/05/10.md index 3611330c91..c105274641 100644 --- a/ecc/05/10.md +++ b/ecc/05/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## This, too, is vapor ## +# vapor -Just as a vapor has no substance, so there is no satisfaction in desiring money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were vapor. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## As prosperity increases ## +# As prosperity increases -AT: "As a person becomes more prosperous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The word "prosperity" may be expressed as an adjective. AT: "As a person becomes more prosperous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## so also do the people who consume it ## +# so also do the people who consume it Possible meanings are 1) "so also the person spends more money" or 2) "so also there will be more people who use his wealth." -## What advantage in wealth is there to the owner except to watch it with his eyes? ## +# who consume it -AT: "The only benefit that the owner has from wealth is that he can look at it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of people spending wealth as if they were "eating" it. AT: "who use it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What advantage in wealth is there to the owner except to watch it with his eyes? + +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the wealthy do not benefit from their wealth. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "The only benefit that the owner has from wealth is that he can look at it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/12.md b/ecc/05/12.md index 4852fea767..49970cb68d 100644 --- a/ecc/05/12.md +++ b/ecc/05/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## The sleep of a working man is sweet ## +# The sleep of a working man is sweet -a man who does good or honest work can be content with himself knowing He did a good day's work regardless of his pay. +This speaks of a person's sleep being fulfilling and peaceful as if it were sweet like something he eats. AT: "The sleep of a working man is peaceful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## whether he eats little or a lot ## +# whether he eats little or a lot "whether he eats a little bit of food or a lot of food" -## does not allow him to sleep well ## +# but the wealth of a rich person does not allow him to sleep well -a rich person is never satisfied with his wealth. He stays awake at night being concerned about his money. AT:"keeps him awake at night" \ No newline at end of file +"but the wealth of a rich person keeps him awake at night." This speaks of a rich person not being able to sleep because he is worried about his money as if his money were a person that would not allow him to sleep. AT: "but rich people do not sleep well because they worry about their money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/13.md b/ecc/05/13.md index e25708b323..8526182d4a 100644 --- a/ecc/05/13.md +++ b/ecc/05/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## riches hoarded by the owner ## +# under the sun -AT: "an owner hoards riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## through bad luck ## +# riches hoarded by the owner + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "an owner hoards riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# through bad luck Possible meanings are 1) "through misfortune" or 2) "through a bad business deal." -## his own son...is left with nothing in his hands ## +# his own son, one whom he has fathered, is left with nothing in his hands -Here the phrase "in his hands" refers to ownership. AT: "he leaves no possession for his own son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the phrase "in his hands" represents ownership. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he leaves no possession for his own son" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/15.md b/ecc/05/15.md index 35d46304cb..3c22631a11 100644 --- a/ecc/05/15.md +++ b/ecc/05/15.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## a man is born naked...he will leave this life naked ## +# As a man comes from his mother's womb ... he will leave naked -In addition to being without clothing, here the word "naked" emphasizes that people are born without any possessions. AT: "a man is naked and owns nothing when he is born...he will leave this life the same way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +It is implied that a man is naked when he is born. In addition to being without clothing, here the word "naked" emphasizes that people are born without any possessions. AT: "As a man is naked and owns nothing when he is born ... he will leave this life the same way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he will leave this life ## +# comes from his mother's womb -AT: "he will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"is born" -## He can take in his hand nothing ## +# he will leave -AT: "He can take nothing with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This refers to dying. AT: "he will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## as a person came, so also he must go away ## +# He can take none of the fruits of his labor in his hand -This refers to the birth and death of a person and expresses the same idea as the previous verse. +Here a man's possessions are spoken of as if they are fruit that he grew with his labor. AT: "He can not take any of his possessions with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## So what profit does anyone get in working for the wind? ## +# as a person comes, so he goes away -The writer uses this question to emphasize his point that there is no benefit in working for the wind. AT: "No one gets any profit in working for the wind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This refers to the birth and death of a person and expresses the same idea as the previous verse. This refers to women as well as men. AT: "as people bring nothing into the world when they are born, so they take nothing with them when they die and leave this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## working for the wind ## +# So what profit is there for him who works for the wind? -Possible meanings are 1) "trying to catch the wind" or 2) "working for the air he breathes" +The writer uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no benefit in working for the wind. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one gets any profit in working for the wind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## During his days he eats with darkness ## +# works for the wind -Here the word "darkness" refers to sad circumstances. Possible meanings are 1) "During his life he eats in mourning" or 2) "His life is spent in mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) This speaks of the person receiving no lasting profit as if he were trying to control the wind. AT: "tries to shepherd the wind" or "work that is as useless as trying to shepherd the wind" or 2) This implies that the person only receives the air that he breaths as his profit. AT: "works to receive the air he breathes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and is greatly distressed with sickness and anger ## +# During his days he eats with darkness -AT: "and suffers greatly, being sick and angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of a person mourning throughout his life as if he always ate in darkness. Here "darkness" represents sadness and mourning. AT: "He spends his life in mourning and sadness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his days + +Here a person's "days" represent his life. AT: "his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is greatly distressed with sickness and anger + +The words "sickness" and "anger" can be expressed as adjectives. AT: "suffers greatly, being sick and angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/18.md b/ecc/05/18.md index b3a6ead907..9b694c412b 100644 --- a/ecc/05/18.md +++ b/ecc/05/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Look ## +# Look -"pay attention" or "listen up" +The author uses this word here to draw his reader's attention to what he says next. AT: "Pay attention" or "Listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## good and suitable ## +# what I have seen to be good and suitable -These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here the words "good" and "suitable" mean basically the same thing. The second intensifies the meaning of the first. AT: "what I have seen to be the best thing to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## during the days of this life that God has given us ## +# under the sun -AT: "as long as God allows us to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## man's assignment ## +# during the days of this life that God has given us -Possible meanings are 1) "man's reward" or 2) "man's lot in life." \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "as long as God allows us to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For this is man's assignment + +Possible meanings are 1) "For this is man's reward" or 2) "For these are the things that he allows man to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/19.md b/ecc/05/19.md index 73ebf91d05..dd6abb2011 100644 --- a/ecc/05/19.md +++ b/ecc/05/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## riches and wealth ## +# riches and wealth -These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two words mean basically the same thing. They refer to money and the things that a person can buy with money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## receive his share and rejoice in his work ## +# to receive his share -This is expressing the ability to be content and to enjoy one's work. +"to accept what he is given" -## he does not call to mind ## +# he does not call to mind -Here the word "he" refers to the person to whom God has given a gift. AT: "he does not remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the word "he" refers to the person to whom God has given a gift. The phrase "call to mind" is an idiom. AT: "he does not remember" or "he does not think about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the days of his life ## +# the days of his life -AT: "the things that have happened during his lifetime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This refers to the things that happened during his lifetime. This can be stated clearly. AT: "the things that have happened during his lifetime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## keep busy ## +# keep busy "stay busy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/05/intro.md b/ecc/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..96ff1482b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 5, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Materialism ##### +The author describes the pointlessness of pursuing material things. This is known as "materialism." Those who pursue after things will always want more. At the end of their life, they will not be able to use these things. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/06/01.md b/ecc/06/01.md index 941ef505a0..a145b9d2ed 100644 --- a/ecc/06/01.md +++ b/ecc/06/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## it is severe for men ## +# it weighs heavy on men -AT: "it causes hardship for people" +Here evil is spoken of as something that is a heavy load to carry. AT: "it causes hardship for people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## riches, wealth ## +# riches, wealth -These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two words mean basically the same thing. They refer to money and the things that a person can buy with money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## he lacks nothing ## +# he lacks nothing -AT: "he has everything" +This is a double negative. AT: "he has everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## God gives him no ability to enjoy it. ## +# God gives him no ability -To acquire riches or possessions and not be able to enjoy them is futile. +"does not give him the ability" -## This is vapor, an evil affliction. ## +# vapor -To be unable to enjoy one's possessions is an evil affliction or curse. \ No newline at end of file +"mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were vapor. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/06/03.md b/ecc/06/03.md index 174b457dca..b130ca4d57 100644 --- a/ecc/06/03.md +++ b/ecc/06/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## fathers a hundred children ## +# fathers a hundred children -AT: "fathers 100 children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]], and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"fathers 100 children." This is a hypothetical situation. This is also an exaggeration and is applicable to people with fewer than 100 children. AT: "fathers many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## lives many years, so that the days of his years are many ## +# lives many years, so that the days of his years are many -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "lives many years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## his heart is not satisfied with good ## +# his heart is not satisfied with good -AT: "he is not content with good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This refers to a man by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. AT: "he is not content with good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## he is not buried with honor ## +# he is not buried with honor -Possible meanings are 1) "no one buries him" or 2) "no one buries him properly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "no one buries him" or 2) "no one buries him properly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## such a baby is born in futility ## +# such a baby is born in futility -AT: "such a baby is born for nothing" +"such a baby is born for nothing" -## passes away in darkness ## +# passes away in darkness -Here the word "darkness" may refer either to the world of the dead or to something that is difficult to understand. AT: "dies unexplainably" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This speaks of the death of the baby being as unexplainable as "darkness." AT: "dies unexplainably" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## its name remains hidden ## +# its name remains hidden -AT: "no one knows its name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of no one knowing the baby's name as if it were a hidden object. AT: "no one knows its name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/06/05.md b/ecc/06/05.md index 50c112fb13..2bf1b46d02 100644 --- a/ecc/06/05.md +++ b/ecc/06/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## it has rest even though that man did not ## +# Even if a man should live for two thousand years -A still born child never experienced hardship, it remained at rest. Whereas the man who lived many years without satisfaction lacks rest. +This is a hypothetical situation. This is also an exaggeration to show that it does not matter how long a person lives if he does not enjoy the good things in life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Even if a man should live for two thousand years ## +# two thousand years -This is an exaggeration to show that it does not matter how long a person lives if he does not enjoy the good things in life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"2,000 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## two thousand years ## +# he goes to the same place as everyone else -AT: "2,000 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## but does not learn to enjoy good things ## - -This is the point, that man needs to learn to enjoy the good things life offers him. \ No newline at end of file +This means that he dies like all other people. AT: "he dies and go to the same place as everyone else" or "he goes to the grave just like everyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/06/07.md b/ecc/06/07.md index 994d09e1b3..7ac64a61bf 100644 --- a/ecc/06/07.md +++ b/ecc/06/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## to fill his mouth ## +# is for his mouth -AT: "to put food in his mouth" or "to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here putting food in a man's mouth represents feeding him. AT: "is to put food in his mouth" or "is to feed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## his appetite is not filled ## +# his appetite is not satisfied -AT: "he does not satisfy his appetite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he does not satisfy his appetite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## what advantage has the wise person over the fool? ## +# what advantage has the wise person over the fool? -A wise person's wisdom doesn't entitle him to any additional comforts. AT: "the wise person has no advantage over the fool." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that a wise person does not have any more lasting benefits than a fool. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "it seems the wise person has no advantage over the fool." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What advantage does the poor man have even if he knows how to act in front of other people? ## +# What advantage does the poor man have even if he knows how to act in front of other people? -AT: "The poor man has no advantage even if he knows how to act in front of other people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that a poor man does not have any more lasting benefits than someone else. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "The poor man has no advantage even if he knows how to act in front of other people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# how to act + +"how to conduct himself" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/06/09.md b/ecc/06/09.md index d4a2cac4f5..ceee7c8b08 100644 --- a/ecc/06/09.md +++ b/ecc/06/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## what the eyes see ## +# what the eyes see A person can see these things because he already has them. AT: "what a person has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to desire what a wandering appetite craves ## +# to desire what a wandering appetite craves This refers to things that a person wants but does not have. AT: "to want what he does not have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## vapor and an attempt to shepherd the wind ## +# vapor ... an attempt to shepherd the wind -See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:12](../01/12.md). +These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Whatever has existed has already been given its name ## +# vapor -AT: "People have already named everything that exists" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were vapor. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## what mankind is like has already been known ## +# an attempt to shepherd the wind -AT: people already know what mankind is like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The author speaks of everything that people do as being useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "are as useless as trying to control the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Whatever has existed has already been given its name + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People have already named everything that exists" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what mankind is like has already been known + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people already know what mankind is like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the one who is the mighty judge + +"God, who is the mighty judge" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/06/11.md b/ecc/06/11.md index 1be2d99765..84f3f7da39 100644 --- a/ecc/06/11.md +++ b/ecc/06/11.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## The more words that are spoken ## +# The more words that are spoken -AT: "The more words that people speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The more words that people speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the more futility increases ## +# the more futility increases -When there is much talk, the chances for idle, non-encouraging words to be spoken is greater than if only a few words are spoken. AT: "the more meaningless those words are" +The more a person speaks, the more likely he will speak about meaningless things. AT: "the more meaningless those words are" -## what advantage is that to a man? ## +# futility -There is no advantage for a man to talk a lot. AT: "that is no advantage to a man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +being useless, without profit -## For who knows what is good for man...he passes like a shadow? ## +# what advantage is that to a man? -AT: "No one knows what is good for man...he passes like a shadow." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no advantage for a man to talk a lot. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "that is no advantage to a man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## numbered days through which he passes like a shadow ## +# For who knows what is good for man ... he passes like a shadow? -Life is compared to a shadow that passes quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no person truly knows what is good for man. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one knows what is good for man ... he passes like a shadow." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Who can tell a man what will come under the sun after he passes? ## +# in his life during his futile, numbered days through which he passes like a shadow -AT: "No one can tell a man what will come under the sun after he passes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This speaks of how life passes quickly by saying that it is like a shadow that quickly disappears. The phrase "numbered days" emphasizes that a person's life is short. AT: "during his futile, short life, which he passes through as quickly as a shadow passes by" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## what will come under the sun ## +# Who can tell a man ... after he passes? -This is another way of expressing what will happen in the future. AT: "what will happen on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one knows what will happen after a person dies. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can tell a man ... after he passes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## after he passes ## +# what will come under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated "under the sun" in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "what will happen on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# after he passes This is a polite expression for death. AT: "after he dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/06/intro.md b/ecc/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d429b0be50 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 6:7-11, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Satisfaction ##### +While a person may be given a great many things, they are worthless and provide no sense of satisfaction or peace. It is assumed that only Yahweh can provide these things to man. Solomon is depressed that he had everything he could have ever wanted in life, but they were not enough to give him satisfaction or peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/01.md b/ecc/07/01.md index adc2517577..208f0ae521 100644 --- a/ecc/07/01.md +++ b/ecc/07/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## A good name ## +# A good name -AT: "A good reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here a person's "name" is used to represent their reputation. AT: "A good reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the living must must take this to heart ## +# must take this to heart -They need to consider what kind of name or reputation that they have and will leave behind when they die. AT: "those who are alive must think seriously about this". \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "must think seriously about this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/03.md b/ecc/07/03.md index 656925dcc9..776c5e7de4 100644 --- a/ecc/07/03.md +++ b/ecc/07/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## sadness of face ## +# sadness of face This refers to being sad. AT: "an experience that makes a person sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## gladness of heart ## +# gladness of heart -Here the word "heart" refers to a person's thoughts and emotions. Gladness describes the state of the emotions of being happy and peaceful. AT: "right thinking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "heart" refers to a person's thoughts and emotions. "Gladness" describes either 1) the state of the emotions of being happy and peaceful or 2) the ability to understand the truth. AT: "right thinking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning ## +# The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning -AT: "Wise people think deeply about death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here wise people are referred to by their "hearts." This speaks of the wise person mourning as being in a house of mourning. AT: "Wise people think deeply about death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but the heart of fools is in the house of feasting ## +# but the heart of fools is in the house of feasting -AT: "but foolish people think only about enjoying themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here foolish people are referred to by their "hearts." This speaks of foolish people thinking only about what makes them happy as being in a house of feasting. AT: "but foolish people think only about enjoying themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the house of mourning...the house of feasting ## +# the house of mourning ... the house of feasting These phrases refer to what happens in these places. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/05.md b/ecc/07/05.md index 738db56877..005296b0a9 100644 --- a/ecc/07/05.md +++ b/ecc/07/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## to the rebuke of the wise ## +# to the rebuke of the wise -AT: "when wise people rebuke you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The word "rebuke" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "when wise people rebuke you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## to listen to the song of fools ## +# to listen to the song of fools -AT: "to listen to fools sing" +"to listen to fools sing" -## like the crackling of thorns burning under a pot so also is the laughter of fools ## +# For like the crackling of thorns burning under a pot, so also is the laughter of fools -The "laughter of fools" is compared to burning thorns that are loud but quickly burn out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of how listening to fools talk and laugh will teach you nothing, as if their speech and laughter were the sound of burning thorns. AT: "For listening to the laughter of fools will not teach a man any more than if he were listening to the crackling of thorns burning under a pot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# vapor + +"mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were 'vapor.' See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "as useless as vapor" or "meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/07.md b/ecc/07/07.md index e42d93529f..14d5eebb76 100644 --- a/ecc/07/07.md +++ b/ecc/07/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Extortion ## +# Extortion This refers to forcing someone to give money or other valuable items to another so that the other person does not harm him. It is considered wrong. -## makes a wise man foolish ## +# makes a wise man foolish Possible meanings are 1) "turns the wise man into a foolish man" or 2) "makes the advice of the wise man appear to be foolish advice." -## corrupts the heart ## +# corrupts the heart Here the word "heart" refers to the mind. AT: "ruins a person's ability to think and judge rightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/08.md b/ecc/07/08.md index 9b670147da..5fa8139985 100644 --- a/ecc/07/08.md +++ b/ecc/07/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the people patient in spirit are better than the proud in spirit ## +# the people patient in spirit are better than the proud in spirit Here the word "spirit" refers to a person's attitude. AT: "patient people are better than proud people" or "a patient attitude is better than a prideful attitude" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Do not be quick to anger in your spirit ## +# Do not be quick to anger in your spirit -AT: "Do not become angry quickly" or "Do not have a bad temper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "spirit" refers to a person's attitude. AT: "Do not become angry quickly" or "Do not have a bad temper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## anger resides in the hearts of fools ## +# anger resides in the hearts of fools -Anger is compared to something that lives inside of foolish people. AT: "foolish people are full of anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of a person being full of anger as if the anger lived inside him. This speaks of the anger being in the person's heart because the "heart" is thought to be the source of a person's emotions. AT: "foolish people are full of anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/10.md b/ecc/07/10.md index 6193960ef1..faad6aa0af 100644 --- a/ecc/07/10.md +++ b/ecc/07/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Why were the days of old better than these? ## +# Why were the days of old better than these? -The person asks this question in order to complain about the present time. AT: "Things were better in the past than they are now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The person asks this rhetorical question in order to complain about the present time. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Things were better in the past than they are now." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## it is not because of wisdom that you ask this question ## +# it is not because of wisdom that you ask this question -The person making this statement is not comparing the present and past logically, but subjectively. AT: "if you were wise you would not ask this question" or "asking this question shows that you are not wise" \ No newline at end of file +Here the author uses irony to rebuke the person's question. AT: "if you were wise you would not ask this question" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/11.md b/ecc/07/11.md index 5f76dfa18f..4b89c12ad1 100644 --- a/ecc/07/11.md +++ b/ecc/07/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## those who see the sun ## +# those who see the sun -AT: "those who are alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "those who are alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the advantage of knowledge is that wisdom gives life ## +# the advantage of knowledge is that wisdom gives life -Possible meanings are 1) that "knowledge" and "wisdom" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis, or 2) "the advantage of knowing wisdom is that it gives life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Possible meanings are 1) that the writer uses the words "knowledge" and "wisdom" to mean the same thing, or 2) "the advantage of knowing wisdom is that it gives life." -## gives life to whoever has it ## +# gives life to whoever has it -"it" refers to wisdom. Knowledge and wisdom "gives life" in different ways. Choosing good investments, making good friends, choosing healthy life styles, living at peace with others are just some ways of how wisdom "gives life". \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of how wisdom helps to preserve a person's life as if it gave life to that person. When a person is wise he makes good decisions that help him to live a more prosperous and longer life. AT: "preserves a person's life" or "helps a person to make good decisions and to live a longer life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/13.md b/ecc/07/13.md index 31320489ea..af1d54c808 100644 --- a/ecc/07/13.md +++ b/ecc/07/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Who can straighten out anything he has made crooked? ## +# Who can straighten out anything he has made crooked? -AT: "No one can straighten out anything he has made crooked." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can change something that God has done. This can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can straighten out anything he has made crooked." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/14.md b/ecc/07/14.md index 1d6a7e3358..851e874aa4 100644 --- a/ecc/07/14.md +++ b/ecc/07/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## When times are good...when times are bad ## +# When times are good ... when times are bad -AT: "When good things happen...when bad things happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The word "times" is an idiom for "things happening." AT: "When good things happen ... when bad things happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## live happily in that good ## +# live happily in that good -AT: "be happy about those good things" +"be happy about those good things" -## side by side ## +# both to exist side by side -AT: "at the same time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The phrase "side by side" is an idiom that means "this one" and "this one." AT: "both to exist" or "there to be both good and bad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## anything that is coming after him ## +# anything that is coming after him -Possible meanings are 1) "anything that happens in the future" or 2) "anything that happens in the world after he dies" or 3) "anything that happens to him after he dies." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "anything that happens in the future" or 2) "anything that happens to him after he dies." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/15.md b/ecc/07/15.md index 6d208b2ded..10ad2f4229 100644 --- a/ecc/07/15.md +++ b/ecc/07/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## in spite of their righteousness ## +# in my meaningless days + +"in my meaningless life" + +# in spite of their righteousness "even though they are righteous" -## self-righteous, wise in your own eyes ## +# in spite of their evil -righteous, wise in your own eyes** - These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"even though they are evil" -## Do not be self-righteous ## +# self-righteous, wise in your own eyes -righteous** - "Do not think that you are more righteous than you actually are" +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## wise in your own eyes ## +# Do not be self-righteous -AT: "wise in your own opinion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Do not think that you are more righteous than you actually are" -## Why should you destroy yourself? ## +# wise in your own eyes -The writer uses this question to emphasize that being self-righteous destroys a person. AT: "There is no reason to destroy yourself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "being wise in your own opinion" or "being wise according to your own judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why should you destroy yourself? + +The writer uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that being self-righteous destroys a person. AT: "There is no reason to destroy yourself." or "If you think this way you will destroy yourself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/17.md b/ecc/07/17.md index df2ddf6090..881e99c93a 100644 --- a/ecc/07/17.md +++ b/ecc/07/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Why should you die before your time? ## +# Why should you die before your time? -AT: "There is no reason for you to die sooner than you should." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no reason for people to do things that will cause them to die early. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "There is no reason for you to die sooner than you should." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## take hold of...not withdraw your hand ## +# take hold of this wisdom -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This speaks of striving to be wise as if "wisdom" were an object that a person could hold on to. AT: "commit yourself to this wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## take hold of this wisdom ## +# you should not let go of righteousness -AT: "commit yourself to this wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This speaks of striving to be righteous as if "righteousness" were an object that a person could hold on to. AT: "you should not stop trying to be righteous" or "you should keep trying to be righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you should not withdraw your hand from righteousness ## +# will meet all his obligations -AT: "you should not stop trying to be righteous" or "you should keep trying to be righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## will meet all his obligations ## - -AT: "will meet all his commitments" or "will keep his promises". \ No newline at end of file +"will do everything that God expects of him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/19.md b/ecc/07/19.md index b0fe5cc241..cbfb658014 100644 --- a/ecc/07/19.md +++ b/ecc/07/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## more than ten rulers in a city ## +# Wisdom is powerful in the wise man, more than ten rulers in a city -Wisdom is being compared to many city rulers. Wisdom can make a person more important than many city rulers. +"Wisdom makes a man powerful; it makes him more powerful than ten rulers in a city" -## does good and never sins ## +# does good and never sins -AT: "does good works and does not sin" \ No newline at end of file +"does good things and does not sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/21.md b/ecc/07/21.md index cd255b4a88..cc3360c8cd 100644 --- a/ecc/07/21.md +++ b/ecc/07/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## every word that is spoken ## +# every word that is spoken -AT: "everything that people say" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be written in active form. AT: "everything that people say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you know yourself ## +# you know yourself -"you yourself know." Here "yourself" is used to emphasize that "you know." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) +"you yourself know." Here "yourself" is used to emphasize the phrase "you know." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## in your own heart ## +# in your own heart -AT: "in your own thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here a person's thoughts are represented by their "heart." AT: "in your own thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/23.md b/ecc/07/23.md index 8747513305..a52029f5e3 100644 --- a/ecc/07/23.md +++ b/ecc/07/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## All this have I proven ## +# All this have I proven -"All this that I have already wrote about have I proven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +here the word "this" refers to all of the things the author has written about. AT: "All this that I have already written about have I proven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## it was more than I could be ## +# it was more than I could be -"it was beyond my ability to understand" +"it was beyond my ability to understand" or "but I was not able to do it" -## far off and very deep ## +# far off and very deep -Wisdom was difficult to grasp. When there was understanding, it was very limited. It required deeper insight than the author was able to gain. AT: "difficult to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This speaks of wisdom being difficult to understand as if it were something located far away or in a very deep place. AT: "difficult to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Who can find it? ## +# Who can find it? -The writer uses this question to emphasize the difficulty in understanding wisdom. AT: "No one can understand it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The writer uses this rhetorical question to emphasize the difficulty in understanding wisdom. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can understand it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I turned my heart ## +# I turned my heart -Here the word "heart" refers to the mind. AT: "I turned my thoughts" or "I determined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "heart" refers to the mind. Also, here the word "turned" is an idiom. AT: "I directed my thoughts" or "I determined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the explanations of reality + +"the reason for things." This word "explanations" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "how to explain various things in life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/26.md b/ecc/07/26.md index bc8c188d52..9f8039526f 100644 --- a/ecc/07/26.md +++ b/ecc/07/26.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## any woman whose heart is full of snares and nets, and whose hands are chains ## +# any woman whose heart is full of snares and nets, and whose hands are chains -The writer says that the seductive woman is like traps that hunters use to catch animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer says that the seductive woman is like traps that hunters use to catch animals. The author speaks of a woman being seductive as if she traps men like a hunter traps animals. Her "heart" represents her thoughts and emotions. AT: "any woman who traps men by seducing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## whose heart is full of snares and nets ## +# snares and nets -Here the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and emotions. This is a woman who is only interested in self gain. AT: "who wants to trap someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These two words both refer to ways in which people trap animals to emphasize how the woman traps men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## snares and nets ## +# whose hands are chains -She continually thinks of ways of trapping men into having to give her things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here the word "hands" refers to her power and control. This speaks of her being seductive as if hands were chains that she bound people with. AT: "from whom no one can escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## whose hands are chains ## +# the sinner will be taken by her -Here the word "hands" refers to power or control. AT: "from whom no one can escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## the sinner will be taken by her ## - -AT: "she will capture the sinner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "she will capture the sinner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/27.md b/ecc/07/27.md index 608161a9ea..d2d0c1cd16 100644 --- a/ecc/07/27.md +++ b/ecc/07/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## adding one discovery to another ## +# adding one discovery to another -AT: "discovering one thing after another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The word "discovery" can be expressed as a verb. The word "adding" here is used as an idiom. AT: "discovering one thing after another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## in order to find an explanation of reality ## +# in order to find an explanation of reality -AT: "in order to be able to explain life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +This word "explanation" can be expressed as a verb. See how the phrase "explanations of reality" is translated in [Ecclesiastes 7:25](./23.md). AT: "in order to be able to explain things in life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## looking for in my mind ## +# one righteous man among a thousand -AT: "trying to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"1 righteous man among 1,000." Only one righteous man was found in a group of 1,000 people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## one righteous man among a thousand ## +# a woman among all those -Only one righteous man was found in a group of 1000 men. AT: "1 righteous man among 1000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## a woman among all those ## - -There were no righteous women found in a group of 1000 women. \ No newline at end of file +There were no righteous women found in a group of 1,000 people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/29.md b/ecc/07/29.md index d315499dc5..ed482bb591 100644 --- a/ecc/07/29.md +++ b/ecc/07/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## they have gone away looking for many difficulties ## +# they have gone away looking for many difficulties Possible meanings are 1) "they have made many sinful plans" or 2) "they have made their own lives difficult." -## they have gone away ## +# they have gone away -Here the word "they" refers to "humanity." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-singularpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "they" refers to "humanity." This speaks of humanity changing from being upright to not being upright as if they were going from one place to another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/07/intro.md b/ecc/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e693ab756e --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 7, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Advice ##### +This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as "good ideas." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/01.md b/ecc/08/01.md index cf78b0889b..ecc7168ca3 100644 --- a/ecc/08/01.md +++ b/ecc/08/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## What is a wise man? ## +# Who is a wise man? Who knows what the events in life mean? -The writer asks this as a leading question to provide the answer in what he says next. +The writer asks these as leading questions to provide the answer in what he says next. -## causes his face to shine ## +# causes his face to shine -This means that the person's face will show that he has wisdom. AT: "shows on his face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This means that the person's face will show that he has wisdom. AT: "shows on his face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the hardness of his face ## +# the hardness of his face -AT: "his harsh appearance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "his harsh appearance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# is changed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "changes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/02.md b/ecc/08/02.md index 567dda3991..ee33298a41 100644 --- a/ecc/08/02.md +++ b/ecc/08/02.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## God's oath to protect him ## +# God's oath to protect him "the oath you made before God to protect him" -## Do not hurry out of his presence ## +# Do not hurry out of his presence -Possible meanings are 1) do not be hasty to physically leave his presence or 2) to remain loyal to the King, do not hastily abandon him for another. +Possible meanings are 1) not to be hasty to physically leave the king's presence or 2) This is a metaphor that speaks of being loyal to the king as being in his presence. AT: "Do not abandon the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The king’s word rules ## +# The king's word rules -AT: "What the king says is the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"What the king says is the law" -## who will say to him ## +# who will say to him -AT: "no one can say to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question emphasizes that no one will ask the king the following question. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "no one can say to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What are you doing? ## +# What are you doing? -AT: "You should not be doing what you are doing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question is a rebuke. This question can be written as as statement. AT: "You should not be doing what you are doing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/05.md b/ecc/08/05.md index 46d097b6ee..812eff5c33 100644 --- a/ecc/08/05.md +++ b/ecc/08/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## A wise man’s heart recognizes ## +# A wise man's heart recognizes -the "heart" refers to thoughts. AT: "A wise man recognizes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here a man is represented by his "heart" to emphasize his thoughts. AT: "A wise man recognizes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Who can tell him what is coming? ## +# the proper course and time of action -This question emphasizes that no one know what will happen in the future. AT: "No one can tell him what is coming." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the correct time to do things and the right way to do them" + +# Who can tell him what is coming? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes that no one knows what will happen in the future. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can tell him what is coming." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/08.md b/ecc/08/08.md index 917c130879..6687c6cd23 100644 --- a/ecc/08/08.md +++ b/ecc/08/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## No one has power over the breath of life to stop breathing, and no one has power over the day of his death ## +# No one is ruler over his breath so as to stop the breath ... no one has power over the day of his death -Just as no one has the ability to control the wind, no one can continue living when it is their time to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Just as no one has the ability to stop himself from breathing, no one can continue living when it is time to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## power over the breath of life to stop breathing ## +# No one is ruler -possible meanings are 1) no one can control the wind, 2) This means that no one is able to hold on to life when it is time to die. +The word "ruler" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "No one has control" -## wickedness will not rescue those who are its slaves ## +# the day of his death -The writer speaks of wickedness as if it is a master who owns slaves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "when he will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## applied my heart ## +# discharged -See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:16](../01/16.md). +"allowed to leave" -## every kind of work that is done ## +# wickedness will not rescue those who are its slaves -AT: "every kind of work that people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of wickedness as if it were a master who had slaves. AT: "evil people will not be saved by doing what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I have applied my heart + +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:17](../01/16.md). AT: "I applied myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# every kind of work that is done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "every kind of work that people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# There is a time when a person oppresses another person to that person's hurt + +"Sometimes one person will oppress another, causing that person to be hurt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/10.md b/ecc/08/10.md index 51575baf87..7125daa35d 100644 --- a/ecc/08/10.md +++ b/ecc/08/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## the wicked buried publicly ## +# the wicked buried publicly -Evil people that died were given honorable burials. Implied was that their bodies should have been thrown onto the city refuse heap or such. AT: "people bury the wicked publicly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. Evil people that died were given honorable burials. AT: "people bury the wicked publicly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They were taken from the holy area and buried and were praised by people ## +# They were taken from the holy area and buried and were praised by people -AT: "People took them from the holy area and buried them and praised them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People took them from the holy area and buried them and praised them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## When a sentence against an evil crime is not executed quickly ## +# When a sentence against an evil crime is not executed quickly -AT: "When people in authority do not quickly execute a sentence against an evil crime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When people in authority do not quickly execute a sentence against an evil crime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## entices the hearts of the human beings ## +# entices the hearts of human beings -Here the word "heart" refers to the will. AT: "entices human beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here people are represented by their "hearts" to emphasize their will and desires. AT: "entices human beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/12.md b/ecc/08/12.md index 02a786cd2e..2180246f24 100644 --- a/ecc/08/12.md +++ b/ecc/08/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## a hundred times ## +# a hundred times -AT: "100 times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"100 times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## it will be well with those who respect God ## +# it will be better for those who respect God -AT: "life will go well for those who respect God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The phrase "it will be better" is an idiom. AT: "life will be better for those who respect God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## who respect God, who honor his presence ## +# who respect God ... who stand before him and show him respect -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize people respecting God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## his life will not be prolonged ## +# his life will not be prolonged -AT: "God will not prolong his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not prolong his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## His days are like a fleeting shadow ## +# His days are like a fleeting shadow -Possible meanings are 1) the writer compares the length of the wicked person's life to a shadow that passes quickly or 2) the quality or enjoyment of life is fleeting to a wicked person, there is no substance to his life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of how the wicked man's life passes quickly by saying that it is like a shadow that quickly disappears. AT: "His days will pass as quickly as a shadow disappears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# His days are + +"His life is" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/14.md b/ecc/08/14.md index 7c74286b53..51988cbd1e 100644 --- a/ecc/08/14.md +++ b/ecc/08/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## useless vapor ## +# There is another useless vapor -"meaningless" or "futility". Things that happen but shouldn't. Such as good things happening to wicked people and bad things happening to good people. +"There is another useless mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were "vapor." See how you translated the word "vapor" in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "There is something else as useless as vapor" or "There is something else meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## something else that is done on the earth ## +# something else that is done on the earth -AT: "something else that people do on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "something else that people do on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for all the days of his life that God has given him ## +# this also is useless vapor -AT: “for as long as God allows him to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"this also is useless mist." The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were 'vapor.' See how you translated the word "vapor" in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "this also is as useless as vapor" or "this also is meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for all the days of his life that God has given him + +This is an idiom. AT: "for as long as God allows him to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/16.md b/ecc/08/16.md index 7a2bfbd0c5..a3edb15c37 100644 --- a/ecc/08/16.md +++ b/ecc/08/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## applied my heart ## +# I applied my heart -to apply one's mind and understanding towards figuring out something. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:16](../01/16.md). +Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:17](../01/16.md). AT: "I applied myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the work that is done on the earth ## +# the work that is done on the earth -AT: "the work that people do on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the work that people do on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## without sleep for the eyes ## +# without sleep for the eyes -AT: "without sleeping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here a person is represented by his "eyes." AT: "without sleeping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the work that is done under the sun ## +# the work that is done under the sun -Possible meanings are 1) "the work that God does under the sun" or 2) "the work that God allows people to do under the sun." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "the work that God does under the sun" or 2) "the work that God allows people to do under the sun." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# under the sun + +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/08/intro.md b/ecc/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..72b02793a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 8, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wisdom ##### +Solomon, known for his wisdom, gives a detailed description of wisdom. True wisdom is seeking to honor God. This is the only thing that lasts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/01.md b/ecc/09/01.md index c9e2ae1884..15932ee597 100644 --- a/ecc/09/01.md +++ b/ecc/09/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## I thought about all this in my mind ## +# I thought about all this in my mind -AT: "I thought very deeply about all this" +"I thought very deeply about all this" -## They are all in God's hands ## +# They are all in God's hands Here the word "they" refers to "the righteous and wise people" as well as "their deeds." -## in God's hands ## +# in God's hands -Here the word "hands" refers to power and authority. AT: "under God's control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hands" refers to power and authority. AT: "under God's control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whether love or hate will come to someone + +This speaks of "love" and "hate" as if they are people that may come to visit someone else. AT: "whether someone will experience love or hate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/02.md b/ecc/09/02.md index f8c7ae603e..312c4ce9ce 100644 --- a/ecc/09/02.md +++ b/ecc/09/02.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -All will die +# righteous people and wicked -## righteous and the wicked ## +This refers to all people, emphasizing the two opposites of righteous and wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +# wicked ... the good ... the clean and the unclean -## good and the bad ## +All of these phrases refer to people. AT: "wicked people ... good people ... clean people and unclean people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +# the clean and the unclean -## clean and the unclean ## +This refers to all people, emphasizing the two opposites of clean and unclean people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +# the clean -## sacrifices and the one who does not sacrifice ## +A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +# the unclean -## As the good...so also will the sinner ## +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +# the one who sacrifices and the one who does not sacrifice -## one who swears...so also will the man who fears to make an oath ## +This refers to all people, emphasizing the two opposites of those who sacrifice and those who do not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# As good people ... so also will the sinner + +This refers to all people, emphasizing the two opposites of good people and sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# will the sinner ... will the man who fears to make an oath + +It is understood that this refers to people dying. AT: "the sinner will die ... the man who fears to make an oath will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the one who swears ... so also will the man who fears to make an oath + +This refers to all people, emphasizing the two opposites of those who swear oaths and those who do not.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/03.md b/ecc/09/03.md index 8ea14f1572..39bed66eac 100644 --- a/ecc/09/03.md +++ b/ecc/09/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## everything that is done ## +# everything that is done -AT: "everything that people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everything that happens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## one destiny ## +# under the sun -Here the word "destiny" refers to death. +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## The hearts of human beings are full of evil, and madness is in their hearts ## +# one destiny for everyone -Here the word "hearts" refers to the thoughts and emotions. AT: "Human beings are full of evil, and their thoughts are madness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "destiny" refers to death. AT: "everyone dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they go to the dead ## +# The hearts of human beings are full of evil, and madness is in their hearts -AT: "they go to the place of the dead" or "they die". \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hearts" refers to the thoughts and emotions. AT: "Human beings are full of evil, and their thoughts are of madness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# madness + +"folly" + +# they go to the dead + +The phrase "the dead" refers to dead people. Here dead people represent the place where people go after they die. AT: "they go to the place where dead people are" or "they die and go to the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/04.md b/ecc/09/04.md index 1c2f6fcfef..0c9ac01df7 100644 --- a/ecc/09/04.md +++ b/ecc/09/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## their memory is forgotten ## +# the living ... the dead -AT: "people forget them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to people who are alive and people who are dead. AT: "who are alive ... those who are dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# just as a living dog is better than a dead lion + +A "dog" was considered a lowly animal while a lion was considered a noble animal. This speaks of it being better to be lowly and alive than to be considered noble and dead. AT: "It is better to be lowly like a dog and to be alive than to be noble like a lion and to be dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# their memory is forgotten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will forget them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/06.md b/ecc/09/06.md index 136ba03814..3744eaf338 100644 --- a/ecc/09/06.md +++ b/ecc/09/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## anything done under the sun ## +# Their love, hatred, and envy -AT: "anything that people do under the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This refers to the love, hatred, and envy that the dead people showed others when they were alive. -## eat your bread with joy, and drink your wine with a happy heart ## +# anything done -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "anything that people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## eat your bread with joy ## +# under the sun -AT: "enjoy your food" +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## drink your wine with a happy heart ## +# eat your bread with joy, and drink your wine with a happy heart + +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize the importance of enjoying the basic activities of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# your bread + +This refers to food in general. AT: "your food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# drink your wine with a happy heart Here the word "heart" refers to the emotions. AT: "drink your wine joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Let your clothes be always white and your head anointed with oil ## +# Let your clothes be always white and your head anointed with oil -Wearing white clothes and anointing one's head with oil were both signs of gladness and celebration. +Wearing white clothes and anointing one's head with oil were both signs of gladness and celebration. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## your head anointed with oil ## +# your head anointed with oil -AT: "anoint your head with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "anoint your head with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/09.md b/ecc/09/09.md index d56edcb93c..cf71756fba 100644 --- a/ecc/09/09.md +++ b/ecc/09/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Live happily with the wife whom you love ## +# Live happily with the wife whom you love -One should love the wife he has. AT: "Since you have a wife whom you love, live happily with her" +One should love the wife he has. AT: "Since you have a wife whom you love, live happily with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Whatever your hand finds to do ## +# under the sun -AT: "Whatever you are able to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## there is no work or explanation or knowledge or wisdom ## +# your days -AT: "the dead do not work or explain or know or have wisdom" \ No newline at end of file +"your lifetime" + +# That is your reward + +The word "that" refers to living happily with his wife. + +# Whatever your hand finds to do + +Here a person is represented by his "hand" since a person often uses his hands to work. AT: "Whatever you are able to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# there is no work or explanation or knowledge or wisdom + +The nouns "work, "explanation," and "knowledge" can be expressed as verbs. AT: "the dead do not work or explain or know or have wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/11.md b/ecc/09/11.md index 2b44d8191d..2208af7907 100644 --- a/ecc/09/11.md +++ b/ecc/09/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## time and chance affect them all ## +# under the sun -AT: "what happens and when it happens affect them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## affect them all ## +# The race does not belong to ... The battle does not belong to -Here the words "them all" refer to race, battle, bread, riches, and favor. +"The race is not always won by ... The battle is not always won by" -## like fish...like birds...Like animals, human beings ## +# Bread -Death catches human beings when they do not expect it, just like people catch animals when they do not expect it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "Bread" refers to food in general. AT: "Food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in evil times that suddenly fall on them ## +# time and chance affect them all -Possible meanings are 1) "in bad circumstances that suddenly happen to them" or 2) "by death that suddenly overtakes them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "what happens and when it happens affect them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# affect them all + +"affects all these things." Here the words "them all" refer to race, battle, bread, riches, and favor. + +# when his time will come + +This refers to when a person dies. AT: "when he will die" or "when the time of his death will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# fish are caught ... birds are caught ... the children of human beings are ensnared + +This speaks of people dying when they do not expect it, in the same way that people catch animals and kill them when they do not expect it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the children of human beings are ensnared by evil times + +This can be stated in active form. Also, this speaks of people experiencing disaster and unfortunate times as if they were being imprisoned or trapped. AT: "evil times are coming upon the children of human beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that suddenly fall upon them + +This is an idiom. AT: "at times when they do not expect them to happen" or "that suddenly happen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/13.md b/ecc/09/13.md index 0cade195e9..77d82cb5f7 100644 --- a/ecc/09/13.md +++ b/ecc/09/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## in the city was found a poor, wise man ## +# under the sun -AT: "in the city, people found a poor, wise man" or "a poor, wise man lived in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a great king came against it + +Here the "king" represents himself and his whole army. AT: "a great king and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# great siege ramps + +This refers to dirt ramps the army built up against the city walk so that they could climb up and attack the city. + +# in the city was found a poor, wise man + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "in the city, people found a poor, wise man" or "a poor, wise man lived in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/16.md b/ecc/09/16.md index 1368261b11..c08876b6de 100644 --- a/ecc/09/16.md +++ b/ecc/09/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the poor man’s wisdom is despised ## +# the poor man's wisdom is despised -Since the man was poor, the people did not appreciate the man's wisdom, nor honor him for his wisdom. AT: "people despise the poor man's wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people despise the poor man's wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## his words are not heard ## +# his words are not heard -They people stopped listening to him. AT: "they do not listen to what he says" or "they do not take his advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +this can be stated in active form. AT: "they do not listen to what he says" or "they do not take his advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/17.md b/ecc/09/17.md index f7de14bb65..00353da107 100644 --- a/ecc/09/17.md +++ b/ecc/09/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## are heard better ## +# The words of wise people spoken quietly are heard better -AT: "are understood better" \ No newline at end of file +Here "heard" represents understanding. This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is easier to understands the words that wise people speak quietly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/09/intro.md b/ecc/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aca3ea3187 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 9, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Judgment ##### +This chapter explains that there is one thing that awaits all people: judgment. When people die, they will all face Yahweh's judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/01.md b/ecc/10/01.md index 52bf46f9b5..8266d9a8dd 100644 --- a/ecc/10/01.md +++ b/ecc/10/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## As dead flies...so a little folly ## +# As dead flies ... so a little folly -Just as flies can ruin perfume, so folly can ruin a person's reputation for wisdom and honor.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Just as flies can ruin perfume, so folly can ruin a person's reputation for wisdom and honor. This speaks of how a little folly can ruin a person's reputation in the same way that a few dead flies ruin perfume. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## The heart of a wise person...the heart of a fool ## +# a little folly can overpower wisdom and honor -Here the word "heart" refers to the mind or will. AT: "The way a wise person thinks...the way a fool thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This speaks of how a person acting foolishly can ruin his reputation as if his "folly" and "wisdom and honor" were people and that his folly overpowered his wisdom and honor. AT: "committing a little folly can ruin a person's wisdom and honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## tends to the right...tends to the left ## +# The heart of a wise person ... the heart of a fool -Here the words "right" and "left" refer to what is right and wrong. AT: "tends to doing what is right...tends to doing what is wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the word "heart" refers to the mind or will. AT: "The way a wise person thinks ... the way a fool thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## his thinking is deficient ## +# tends to the right ... tends to the left -AT: "he is stupid" \ No newline at end of file +Here the words "right" and "left" refer to what is right and wrong. AT: "tends to doing what is right ... tends to doing what is wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his thinking is deficient + +This refers to the way that he acts. AT: "he is stupid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/04.md b/ecc/10/04.md index 000a53ef6e..2fc87ee7b4 100644 --- a/ecc/10/04.md +++ b/ecc/10/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## If the emotions of a ruler rise up against you ## +# If the emotions of a ruler rise up against you -AT: "If a ruler becomes angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here a ruler is represented by his "emotions" AT: "If a ruler becomes angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Calm can quiet down great outrage + +"By remaining calm you may cause an outraged person to become quiet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/05.md b/ecc/10/05.md index 8d9387d96e..0dd39fcdf7 100644 --- a/ecc/10/05.md +++ b/ecc/10/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Fools are given leadership positions ## +# under the sun -AT: "Rulers give positions of leadership to fools" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## successful men are given low positions ## +# Fools are given leadership positions -AT: "they give low positions to successful men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Rulers give positions of leadership to fools" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# successful men are given low positions + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they give low positions to successful men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# low positions + +This is an idiom. AT" "unimportant positions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# successful men walking like slaves on the ground + +This speaks of successful men walking like slaves walk, because slaves were usually forced to walk and were not permitted to ride. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/08.md b/ecc/10/08.md index e89bfcb927..9193e34b5c 100644 --- a/ecc/10/08.md +++ b/ecc/10/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Work is not without risks. +# a snake can bite him -## can be hurt by them ## +This refers to a snake that was hiding inside the wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "those stones can hurt him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# cuts out stones + +This refers working in a quarry and cutting larger stones. + +# can be hurt by them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those stones can hurt him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# is endangered by it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the wood may injure him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/10.md b/ecc/10/10.md index 5a3b095396..a543eb0c47 100644 --- a/ecc/10/10.md +++ b/ecc/10/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -Some proverbs - -## wisdom provides an advantage for success ## +# wisdom provides an advantage for success A wise person would have sharpened his blade and would not have had to work so hard. -## before it is charmed ## +# before it is charmed -AT: "before the snake charmer charms it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "before the snake charmer charms it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/12.md b/ecc/10/12.md index 4ae0e2583d..6c54a919a0 100644 --- a/ecc/10/12.md +++ b/ecc/10/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -Proverbs continued. +# The words of a wise man's mouth are gracious -## The words of a wise man’s mouth are gracious ## +Here the wise man's speech is represented by his "mouth." AT: "The things that a wise man says are gracious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "The things that a wise man says are gracious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# the lips of a fool consume him -## the lips of a fool swallow himself ## - -Here the word "swallow" has the sense of destroy. AT: "The things that a foolish man says destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the fool's speech is represented by his "lips." This speaks of the fool destroying himself by his speech as if it were eating him. AT: "The things that a foolish man says destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/13.md b/ecc/10/13.md index 97ebf0c65d..efb4530055 100644 --- a/ecc/10/13.md +++ b/ecc/10/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## As words begin to flow from a fool's mouth ## +# As words begin to flow from a fool's mouth -AT: "As a fool begins to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +A fool's speech is represented by his "mouth." AT: "As a fool begins to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## at the end his mouth flows with wicked madness ## +# at the end his mouth flows with wicked madness -AT: "as he finishes talking, he speaks wicked madness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +A fool's speech is represented by his "mouth." AT: "as he finishes talking, he speaks wicked madness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## A fool multiplies words ## +# multiplies words -AT: "A fool keeps on talking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "keeps on talking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## no one knows what is coming ## +# what is coming -See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 8:5](../08/05.md). +"what will happen in the future" -## Who knows what is coming after him? ## +# Who knows what is coming after him? -The writer asks this question to emphasize that no one know what will happen in the future. AT: “No one knows what is coming after him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer asks this question to emphasize that no one knows what will happen in the future after one's death. This question can be written as as statement. AT: "No one knows what is coming after him." or "No one knows what will happen after he dies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/15.md b/ecc/10/15.md index 679aa6fab9..d4270a5094 100644 --- a/ecc/10/15.md +++ b/ecc/10/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## wearies them ## +# wearies them -"causes them to feel tired" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Fools become weary by their toil" or "Fools feel tired by the work that they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## so they do not even know the road to town ## +# so that they do not even know the road to town -Possible meanings are 1) that the foolish person becomes so tired from working too hard that he is unable to find his way anywhere, or 2) that the foolish person becomes tired from working too hard because he does not know enough to go home. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "so much that he is unable to find the road to town." That the foolish person becomes so tired from working too hard that he is unable to find his way anywhere, or 2) "because he does not even know the way to town." That the foolish person becomes tired from working too hard because he does not know enough to go home. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/16.md b/ecc/10/16.md index 724173fe39..9399fcdaeb 100644 --- a/ecc/10/16.md +++ b/ecc/10/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## if your king is young ## +# Woe to you, land ... blessed are you, land + +In these verse, the writer is speaking to the nation as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# if your king is a young boy This means that the king is inexperienced or immature. -## begin feasting in the morning ## +# begin feasting in the morning -This implies that the leaders are more concerned with having a good time than with leading the nation. +This implies that the leaders are more concerned with having a good time than with leading the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the land is happy ## +# king is the son of nobles -AT: "the people living in the land are happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This implies that the son has been trained by his elders in the customs of being a good king. AT: "king has trained by nobles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## king is the son of nobles ## +# for strength, and not for drunkenness -This implies that the son has been trained by his elders in the customs of being a good king. \ No newline at end of file +This explains why the blessed leaders eat. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/18.md b/ecc/10/18.md index a9400fa375..5081c16af1 100644 --- a/ecc/10/18.md +++ b/ecc/10/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Because of laziness the roof sinks in ## +# Because of laziness the roof sinks in -A lazy person does not keep up on the regular house maintenance. +A lazy person does not keep up on the regular house maintenance. AT: "Because a lazy person does not repair his house, the roof sinks in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## because of idle hands ## +# because of idle hands -AT: "because of an idle person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here a person is represented by his "hands" AT: "because of an idle person" or "because the person is idle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## People prepare food for laughter ## +# the house leaks -AT: "People prepare food in order to laugh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here the roof is represented by the whole house. AT: "the roof leaks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## wine brings enjoyment to life ## +# People prepare food for laughter -AT: "wine helps people to enjoy life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The word "laughter" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "People prepare food in order to laugh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## money fills the need for everything ## +# wine brings enjoyment to life -Possible meanings are 1) "money provides for every need" or 2) "money provides for both food and wine." \ No newline at end of file +The word "enjoyment" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "wine helps people to enjoy life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# money fills the need for everything + +Possible meanings are 1) "money provides for every need" or 2) "money provides for both food and wine" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/20.md b/ecc/10/20.md index cf0d4f3297..4e6ee42111 100644 --- a/ecc/10/20.md +++ b/ecc/10/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## not even in your mind ## +# not even in your mind -AT: "not even in your thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +A person's thoughts are represented by the person's "mind." AT: "not even in your thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the rich in your bedroom ## +# rich people in your bedroom -"the rich when you are in your bedroom." This means that you should not curse rich people even when you are in a private place where no one else will hear. +"rich people when you are in your bedroom." This means that you should not curse rich people even when you are in a private place where no one else will hear. -## For a bird of the sky. . .can spread the matter ## +# For a bird of the sky ... can spread the matter -These two lines mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. The writer uses the metaphor of a bird to say that people will find out what you have said, one way or another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two lines mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. This speaks of people finding out what you have said as if a small bird would hear what you say and tell other people. AT: "For a bird may hear what you say and tell the matter to other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/10/intro.md b/ecc/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..532ea232fc --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 10, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Advice ##### +This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as "good ideas." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/11/01.md b/ecc/11/01.md index 9feb8a56d4..3918651f88 100644 --- a/ecc/11/01.md +++ b/ecc/11/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Send out your bread on the waters, for you will find it again after many days ## +# Send out your bread on the waters, for you will find it again after many days -Possible meanings are 1) that a person should be generous with his possessions and will then receive generously from others (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]), or 2) that a person should invest his resources overseas and will make a profit from it. +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor that means a person should be generous with his possessions and will then receive generously from others , or 2) that a person should invest his resources overseas and will make a profit from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Share it with seven, even eight people ## +# Share it with seven, even eight people Possible meanings are 1) to share your possessions with many people, or 2) to invest your resources in multiple places. -## seven, even eight ## +# seven, even eight people -AT: "7, even 8" or "multiple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"7, even 8 people." This is an idiom that means "numerous" people. AT: "numerous people" or "multiple people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## what disasters are coming on the earth ## +# what disasters are coming on the earth -Here the phrase "on the earth" means "in the world" or "in society." +Disasters happening is spoken of as if disasters were something that come to a place. Here "on the earth" may imply that these disasters happen to the person who is commanded to share. AT: "what disasters may happen in the world" or "what bad things may happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## empty themselves on the earth ## +# the clouds are full of rain -Here the phrase "on the earth" means "on the ground." +"the clouds are dark with rain" -## toward the south or toward the north ## +# empty themselves on the earth -AT: "in any direction" \ No newline at end of file +"empty themselves on the ground" + +# toward the south or toward the north + +Here "south" and "north" represent any direction. AT: "in any direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/11/04.md b/ecc/11/04.md index aaa90b7aed..e22fad9bdd 100644 --- a/ecc/11/04.md +++ b/ecc/11/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Anyone who watches the wind might not plant ## +# Anyone who watches the wind might not plant -Possible meanings are 1) "Any farmer who pays attention to the wind will not plant when the wind is blowing in the wrong direction" or 2) "Any farmer who pays too much attention to the wind will never plant." +Possible meanings are 1) "Any farmer who pays attention to the wind will not plant when the wind is blowing in the wrong direction" or 2) "Any farmer who pays too much attention to the wind will never plant" -## anyone who watches the clouds might not harvest ## +# anyone who watches the clouds might not harvest -Possible meanings are 1) "Any farmer who pays attention to the clouds will not harvest when it is about to rain" or 2) "Any farmer who pays too much attention to the clouds will never harvest." +Possible meanings are 1) "Any farmer who pays attention to the clouds will not harvest when it is about to rain" or 2) "Any farmer who pays too much attention to the clouds will never harvest" -## how a baby's bones grow ## +# As you do not know the path of the wind -Possible meanings are 1) "how a baby grows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) or 2) literally, "how the bones of a baby grow." \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of wind blowing as if wind traveled on a path. AT: "As you do not know where the wind comes from or where it goes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# how a baby's bones grow + +Possible meanings are 1) Here "bones" is a synecdoche representing the baby as a whole. AT: "how a baby grows" or 2) literally, "how the bones of a baby grow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/11/06.md b/ecc/11/06.md index 70c4bc007b..4c2d595f77 100644 --- a/ecc/11/06.md +++ b/ecc/11/06.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## work with your hands ## +# work with your hands -AT: "keep on working" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "hands" represents the whole person. AT: "keep on working" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## whether morning or evening, or this or that ## +# whether morning or evening, or this or that -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "whether the seed that you planted in the morning or the seed that you planted in the evening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the person's work may prosper, no matter what time he has done it. AT: "whether the seed that you planted in the morning or the seed that you planted in the evening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## light is sweet ## +# light is sweet -Here the word "light" refers to being able to see the sun and therefore being alive. AT: "being able to see the sun is sweet" or "being alive is sweet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "light" refers to being able to see the sun and therefore being alive. And, this speaks of the joy of being alive as if the light had a sweet taste. AT: "it is a joy to be able to see the sun" or "being alive is delightful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for the eyes to see the sun ## +# for the eyes to see the sun -This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase. AT: "for a person to see the sun" or "to be alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The "eyes" represent the whole person. This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase. AT: "for a person to see the sun" or "to be alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## happy in all of them ## +# happy in all of them Here the word "them" refers to the years that a person is alive. -## the coming days of darkness ## +# the coming days of darkness -Here the word "darkness" refers to death. AT: "how many days that he will be dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming" And, here the word "darkness" refers to death. AT: "how many days that he will be dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## for they will be many ## +# for they will be many -Here the word "they" refers to the "days of darkness." AT: "for he will be dead for many more days than he is alive" or "for he will be dead forever" +Here the word "they" refers to the "days of darkness" AT: "for he will be dead for many more days than he is alive" or "for he will be dead forever" -## Everything to come ## +# Everything to come is vanishing vapor -Possible meanings are 1) "Everything that happens after death" or 2) "Everything that happens in the future." \ No newline at end of file +Here "vanishing vapor" is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "No one knows what will happen after he dies" or 2) AT: "Everything to come is meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Everything to come + +Possible meanings are 1) "Everything that happens after death" or 2) "Everything that happens in the future" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/11/09.md b/ecc/11/09.md index ba3bc119df..cda43cc896 100644 --- a/ecc/11/09.md +++ b/ecc/11/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Take joy, young man, in your youth, and let your heart be joyful in the days of your youth ## +# Take joy, young man, in your youth, and let your heart be joyful in the days of your youth -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize that the man should be happy while he is young. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## let your heart be joyful ## +# let your heart be joyful -Here the word "heart" refers to the emotions. AT: "be joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "heart" represents the emotions. AT: "be joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Pursue the good desires of your heart ## +# Pursue the good desires of your heart -Here the word "heart" may refer to the mind or emotions. AT: "Pursue the good things that you desire" or "Pursue the good things that you have determined to pursue" +Here the word "heart" may represent the mind or emotions. AT: "Pursue the good things that you desire" or "Pursue the good things that you have determined to pursue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## whatever is within the sight of your eyes ## +# whatever is within the sight of your eyes -AT: "whatever you see that you desire" or "whatever you see to be best" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "eyes" represent the whole person. AT: "whatever you see that you desire" or "whatever you see to be best" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## God will bring you into judgment for all these things ## +# God will bring you into judgment for all these things -AT: "God will make you account for all of your actions" +The abstract noun "judgment" can be stated as "judge" or "make you account" AT: "God will judge you for all these things" or "God will make you account for all of your actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Drive anger away from your heart ## +# Drive anger away from your heart -AT: "Refuse to be angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Refusing to be angry is spoken of as if anger were something that can be forced away. Also, "heart" represents a person's emotions. AT: "Refuse to be angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because youth and its strength are vapor + +The authors speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were "vapor" Just as vapor disappears and does not last, the author speaks of things having no lasting value. See how you translated "vapor" in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "because youth and its strength will not last forever" or "because you will not be young and strong forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/11/intro.md b/ecc/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..297d7b6369 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 10, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Advice ##### +This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as "good ideas." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/01.md b/ecc/12/01.md index 28e768fb87..5395631b33 100644 --- a/ecc/12/01.md +++ b/ecc/12/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## call to mind ## +# call to mind -AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I have no pleasure in them ## +# before the days of difficulty come -Here the word "them" refers to "years." \ No newline at end of file +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming" AT: "before you experience difficult times" or "before bad things happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before the years arrive when you say, "I have no pleasure in them," + +Future time is spoken of as if "years arrive" AT: "before you become old when you say, 'I no longer enjoy being alive,'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do this before the light of the sun ... after the rain + +Growing old and dying is spoken of as if the sun and moon go dark and dark clouds return. AT: "do this before it seems to you that the light of the sun ... after the rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/03.md b/ecc/12/03.md index e9f0aa46c0..176e69c53e 100644 --- a/ecc/12/03.md +++ b/ecc/12/03.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + The writer describes a house in which various activities stop. This appears to be a metaphor for the human body as it becomes old. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the women who grind cease because they are few ## +# strong men are bent over + +"strong men become weak" + +# the women who grind cease because they are few "the women who grind grain stop grinding grain because there are few of them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/04.md b/ecc/12/04.md index bf33c30b8c..26df333ea9 100644 --- a/ecc/12/04.md +++ b/ecc/12/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues his metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the doors are shut in the street ## +# the doors are shut in the street -AT: "people shut the doors that lead to the street" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people shut the doors that lead to the street" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## when men are startled at the voice of a bird ## +# when men are startled at the voice of a bird -AT: "when the voice of a bird startles men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that the voice of the birds startle the men awake. This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the voice of a bird startles men awake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the singing of girls' voices fades away + +Here "girls" may be a metaphor for the birds. AT: "the songs of the birds fade away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/05.md b/ecc/12/05.md index 64ae067db9..6fc6a399e7 100644 --- a/ecc/12/05.md +++ b/ecc/12/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues his metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## when natural desires fail ## +# when the almond tree blossoms -AT: "when people no longer desire what they once did naturally" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The "almond tree" is a tree that blossoms in the winter with white flowers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## when the almond tree blossoms ## +# when grasshoppers drag themselves along -The "almond tree" is a tree that blossoms in the winter with white flowers. +A grasshopper is a large, straight-winged insect with long, jointed back legs that give it the ability to jump a long way. Here it can only drag itself because it has gotten old and weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## Then man goes to his eternal home ## +# when natural desires fail -This refers to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The abstract noun "desires" can be stated as a verb. AT: "when people no longer desire what they once did naturally" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the mourners go down the streets ## +# Then man goes to his eternal home + +This refers to death. AT: "Then man goes to the place of the dead forever" or "Then a person dies and never returns to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the mourners go down the streets Possible meanings are 1) that mourners go down the streets to attend a funeral, or 2) that mourners go down the streets to the house of the person who is about to die. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/06.md b/ecc/12/06.md index e2ca2e1fac..c3e56ebcfd 100644 --- a/ecc/12/06.md +++ b/ecc/12/06.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Call to mind ## +# Call to mind -AT: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "Remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## before the silver cord is cut...or the water wheel is broken at the well ## +# before the silver cord is cut ... or the water wheel is broken at the well -The writer compares death to various broken items. Death will break the body just as suddenly as people accidentally break these items while they are using them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of dying as if it were one of these various broken items. Death will break the body just as suddenly as people accidentally break these items while they are using them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the silver cord is cut ## +# the silver cord is cut -AT: "someone cuts the silver cord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone cuts the silver cord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the golden bowl is crushed ## +# the golden bowl is crushed -AT: "someone crushes the golden bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone crushes the golden bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the pitcher is shattered ## +# the pitcher is shattered -AT: "someone shatters the pitcher " (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone shatters the pitcher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the water wheel is broken ## +# the water wheel is broken -AT: "someone breaks the the water wheel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone breaks the water wheel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## dust returns to the earth ## +# dust returns to the earth Here the word "dust" refers to the human body that has decomposed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/08.md b/ecc/12/08.md index 66313d08f9..dbc57c4aa2 100644 --- a/ecc/12/08.md +++ b/ecc/12/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## everything is vanishing vapor ## +# A mist of vapor ... everything is vanishing vapor -"everything only lasts a short time, like steam that disappears." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The Teacher speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were "vapor". Just as vapor disappears and does not last, the author speaks of things having no lasting value. See how you translated "vapor" in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/12.md). AT: "Temporary and useless ... everything is temporary and useless" or "Meaningless ... everything is meaningless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## contemplated and set in order ## +# the Teacher + +See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# contemplated and set in order "thought much about and arranged" or "thought much about and wrote down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/10.md b/ecc/12/10.md index 559f61b304..892bcfa138 100644 --- a/ecc/12/10.md +++ b/ecc/12/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## The words of the wise...taught by one shepherd ## +# using vivid ... words -The writer compares the teacher who uses his words to instruct people to a shepherd who uses his tools to lead his flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The Teacher wanted the words to be pleasurable to the listener. They bring pleasure because they are well written, not because they are comforting. -## The words of the wise are like goads ## +# The words of wise people ... taught by one shepherd -AT: "Wise people encourage us to act, like a sharp stick encourages an animal to move." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer speaks of the teacher who uses his words to instruct people as if the teacher were a shepherd who uses his tools to lead his flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Like nails driven deeply are the words of the masters in collections of their proverbs ## +# The words of wise people are like goads -AT: "Like you can depend on a nail that has been driven deep, you can depend on proverbs written by wise people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This is a simile. AT: "Wise people encourage people to act, like a sharp stick encourages an animal to move" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## the words of the masters in collections of their proverbs ## +# Like nails driven deeply are the words of the masters in collections of their proverbs -"the words of those who are experts on collections of proverbs" +This is a simile. AT: "Like you can depend on a nail that a person drives firmly into a piece of wood, so you can depend on the words of the masters in collections of their proverbs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## which are taught by one shepherd ## +# the words of the masters in collections of their proverbs -AT: "which one shepherd teaches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the wise words collected in their proverbs" or "the sayings of the wise" + +# which are taught by one shepherd + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which one shepherd teaches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/12.md b/ecc/12/12.md index 83287256a4..304d7b0532 100644 --- a/ecc/12/12.md +++ b/ecc/12/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the making of many books, which has no end ## +# the making of many books, which has no end -"people will never stop making many books" +The noun phrase "the making" can be stated as a verb. AT: "people will never stop making many books" -## brings weariness to the body ## +# brings weariness to the body -"makes the person tired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "body" represents the whole person. AT: "makes the person tired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/13.md b/ecc/12/13.md index f59f1b7ffd..c360ef120e 100644 --- a/ecc/12/13.md +++ b/ecc/12/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## The end of the matter ## +# The end of the matter -"the final conclusion on the matter" +"The final conclusion on the matter" -## after everything has been heard ## +# after everything has been heard -AT: "after you have heard everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after you have heard everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# along with every hidden thing + +Things done in secret is spoken of as if they were an object that was hidden. AT: "along with everything that people do in secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/12/intro.md b/ecc/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4d84212c76 --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ecclesiastes 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 10, which is an extended quotation. Some lines are indented twice to further set them apart. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Advice ##### +This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as "good ideas." + +##### Yahweh ##### +At the end of a very impressive life, Solomon looks back and sees that the only real lasting thing in this world is Yahweh. The purpose of his life was to honor Yahweh, something he should have done far more throughout his life. Therefore, he felt that his life was wasted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ecclesiastes 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/front/intro.md b/ecc/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e16467342d --- /dev/null +++ b/ecc/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +====== Introduction to Ecclesiastes====== + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Ecclesiastes #### + +1. Questions about the emptiness of life and the limits of human wisdom (1:1–6:12) +1. Teaching about making wise choices in how one lives (7:1–12:7) +1. The conclusion and epilogue (12:8–14) + +#### What is the Book of Ecclesiastes about? #### + +Ecclesiastes is a group of short teachings that try to answer the question, "What is life?" This book speaks about the futility of seeking a purpose in the things of this world. From the book's viewpoint, any work we perform or any knowledge and skill we gain are useless. Ecclesiastes is a series of thoughts about a variety of subjects, all of them about the purpose and worth of various actions and events. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The traditional title "The Book of Ecclesiastes" is another name for "assembly" and carries no meaning as a title. Translators might decide on a better title such as "Thoughts of a Teacher" or "Thoughts of a Wise Man." + +#### Who wrote the Book of Ecclesiastes? #### + +The author appears to be Solomon, "the Teacher, the descendant of David and king in Jerusalem." This matches evidence in the book pointing to Solomon which are consistent with the status and reputation of Solomon: his wisdom (See: [Ecclesiastes 1:16](../01/16.md) and twenty-six other references to wisdom); his vast wealth (See: [Ecclesiastes 2:8](../02/07.md)), and the pain that comes from wealth (See: [Ecclesiastes 5:13-14](../05/13.md); [Ecclesiastes 4:8](../04/07.md); and [Ecclesiastes 9:11](../09/11.md)); the large number of servants (See: [Ecclesiastes 2:7](../02/07.md) and [Ecclesiastes 10:7](../10/05.md)); the limitless opportunities for worldly pleasures (See: [Ecclesiastes 2:1-2](../02/01.md), [Ecclesiastes 10](../02/09.md); [Ecclesiastes 3:13](../03/12.md); [Ecclesiastes 4:8](../04/07.md); [Ecclesiastes 5:4](../05/04.md); and [Ecclesiastes 12:1](../12/01.md)); and the wide range of his many construction projects (See: [Ecclesiastes 2:4-6](../02/04.md)). The book appears to be written near the end of Solomon's reign as he reflects on how he wasted much of his life. + +#### Why are there so many contradictions in the Book of Ecclesiastes? #### + +Some people have viewed the author as a faithful man, while others see him as a tragic figure. The apparent contradictions in the book may be a reflection of Solomon's wavering faith, but it is also possible that the teachings in the book differ from each other in order to suit various circumstances in the reader's life. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the book's teaching about God's retribution? #### + +In the Ancient Near East, people were concerned with the reason they were being punished or blessed. They often attributed these acts of justice or retribution to their gods. Ecclesiastes explains that Yahweh will bless the righteous and punish the evil, but this might not happen in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### What value did the Israelites place on the Book of Ecclesiastes? #### + +The Israelites have often questioned the value of this book. This is due in large part to its unusual wording and theology. At times, it appears to disagree with the rest of Scripture. While many have questioned its authority, it has ultimately been affirmed to be Scripture because it gives valuable lessons concerning the uselessness of living apart from Yahweh and of pursuing any goal other than his glory. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the meaning of "under the sun?" #### + +"Under the sun" is another way of saying "on the earth." When the author says that there is "nothing new under the sun," this means that there is nothing that has not happened before on earth. While the referenced event may not have specifically occurred before, there has been something similar that has happened. + +#### How do I translate harsh or shocking passages? #### + +There are parts of the book that can be shocking or surprising to read in Scripture. For example, "If a man fathers a hundred children and lives many years, so that the days of his years are many, but if his heart is not satisfied with good and he is not buried with honor, then I say that a baby that is born dead is better off than he is" (6:3). The translator should allow these difficulties to remain and not try to "soften" them. + +#### How is life described in the Book of Ecclesiastes? #### + +After observing the lack of justice in the world, the author of Ecclesiastes concludes that life without God has no value or purpose and because of this it is without meaning. There are some subtle differences in the meaning for each of these words. It can be concluded that apart from God, a person's circumstances or character and even all of the things of this world have little or no significance apart from God who gives meaning to everything. At the end of their life, a person commonly sees their life as short. The author uses the metaphor of vapor or breath to describe how life ends while it seems to still be beginning. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/01.md b/eph/01/01.md index c2a396ac84..c9a061552c 100644 --- a/eph/01/01.md +++ b/eph/01/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -This book is a letter from Paul to members of the church at Ephesus. +# General Information: -## through the will of God ## +Paul names himself as the writer of this letter to the believers at the church at Ephesus. -AT: “chosen by God” or “by the will of God” +# General Information: -## set apart for God ## +Except where noted, all instances of "you" and "your" refers to the Ephesian believers as well as all believers and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -“morally blameless” or “holy ones.” AT: “saints” +# Paul, an apostle ... to God's holy people in Ephesus -## grace be to you ## +Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter and its intended audience. AT: "I, Paul, an apostle ... write this letter to you, God's holy people Ephesus" -The word "you" refers to all the believers at Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +# who are faithful in Christ Jesus -## May grace be to you and peace ## +"In Christ Jesus" and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This is a common greeting and blessing Paul often extends in his letters. \ No newline at end of file +# Grace to you and peace + +This is a common greeting and blessing that Paul often uses in his letters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/03.md b/eph/01/03.md index 7b67829f43..94c4d51f17 100644 --- a/eph/01/03.md +++ b/eph/01/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## May the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ be praised ## +# Connecting Statement: -This could be worded in the active form. AT: "Let us praise the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Paul opens his letter by talking about the believers' position and their safety before God. -## he who has blessed us ## +# General Information: -AT: "for God has blessed us" +In this book, unless otherwise stated, the words "us" and "we" refer to Paul, the believers in Ephesus, as well as all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## has blessed us ## +# May the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ be praised -This is an inclusive pronoun referring to Paul and all the believers at Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "Let us praise the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## every spiritual blessing ## +# who has blessed us -AT: "every blessing proceeding from the Spirit of God" +"for God has blessed us" -## so we could be holy and blameless ## +# every spiritual blessing -Paul states two traits that we can become in God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +"every blessing coming from the Spirit of God" + +# in the heavenly places + +"in the supernatural world." The word "heavenly" refers to the place where God is. + +# in Christ + +Possible meanings 1) the phrase "in Christ" refers to what Christ has done. AT: "through Christ" or "through what Christ has done" or 2) "in Christ" is a metaphor referring to our close relationship with Christ. AT: "by uniting us with Christ" or "because we are united with Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# holy and blameless + +Paul uses two similar words to emphasize moral goodness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/05.md b/eph/01/05.md index c323203474..20e6a129fd 100644 --- a/eph/01/05.md +++ b/eph/01/05.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## God predestined us in advance for adoption ## +# General Information: -AT: “God determined in advance to adopt us” +The words "his," "He," and "he" refer to God. -## predestined us ## +# God chose us beforehand for adoption -AT: "God planned long ago..." (UDB) +The word "us" refers to Paul, the Ephesian church, and all believers in Christ. AT: "God planned long ago to adopt us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## predestined us ## +# God chose us beforehand -Paul was including himself, the Ephesian church and all believers in Christ in his use of "us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +"God chose us ahead of time" or "God chose us long ago" -## for adoption ## +# for adoption as sons -"Adoption" refers to being placed in God’s family. +Here "adoption" refers to becoming part of God's family. Here the word "sons" refers to males and females. AT: "to be adopted as his children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## through Jesus Christ ## +# through Jesus Christ God brought believers into his family by the work of Jesus Christ. -## he did this…he was pleased…he desired…his glorious grace ## +# the One he loves -"he" and "his" refers to God. - -## his beloved one ## - -"God's beloved one." This refers to Jesus Christ. \ No newline at end of file +"the One he loves, Jesus Christ" or "his Son, whom he loves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/07.md b/eph/01/07.md index 9b43978149..132842c152 100644 --- a/eph/01/07.md +++ b/eph/01/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## in his beloved one ## +# riches of his grace -AT: "in God's beloved one, Jesus Christ" +Paul speaks of God's grace as if it were material wealth. AT: "greatness of God's grace" or "abundance of God's grace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## we have redemption ## +# He lavished this grace upon us -"We" refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +"He gave us this great amount of grace" or "He was extremely kind to us" -## riches of his grace ## +# with all wisdom and understanding -AT: "greatness of God's grace" or "abundance of God's grace" - -## in all wisdom and understanding ## - -God has given believers great wisdom and understanding. AT: "much wisdom and understanding" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "because he has all wisdom and understanding" 2) "so that we might have great wisdom and understanding" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/09.md b/eph/01/09.md index 9f0b03d9c5..9e5cc4b070 100644 --- a/eph/01/09.md +++ b/eph/01/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## the hidden truth of the plan ## +# according to what pleased him -AT: "his hidden plan" +Possible meanings are 1) "because he wanted to make it known to us" or 2) "which was what he wanted." -## according to his desire ## +# which he demonstrated in Christ -AT: "as he was pleased" (UDB) +"he demonstrated this purpose in Christ" -## when the times are fulfilled ## +# in Christ -AT: "When everything is comes to pass" +"by means of Christ" -## for the completion of his plan ## +# with a view to a plan -AT: "for his plan to be completed" +A new sentence can be started here. AT: "He did this with a view to a plan" or "He did this, thinking about a plan" -## his plan, he will ## +# for the fullness of time -AT: "God's plan, God will" - -## under Christ ## - -AT: “under Christ’s rule” \ No newline at end of file +"for when the time is right" or "for the time that he has appointed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/11.md b/eph/01/11.md index 1e0247971b..4747c8fc35 100644 --- a/eph/01/11.md +++ b/eph/01/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## we were chosen ## +# we were appointed as heirs -AT: “we were made to be God's inheritance” or “we were chosen to receive God's inheritance” +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God chose us to be heirs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## we were chosen...we who were the first ## +# We were decided on beforehand -The word "we" now refers to Paul, his Jewish brothers in Christ but not the Gentile (non-Jewish) believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God chose us ahead of time" or "God chose us long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the plan of the one ## +# we were appointed as heirs ... We were decided on beforehand -AT: "The plan of God" +By means of these pronouns "we," Paul is referring to himself and the other Jewish Christians, those who trusted Christ before the Ephesian believers did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## intent of his will ## +# so that we might be the first -AT: "intent of God's will" +Again, the word "we" refers to the Jewish believers who first heard the good news, not the believers at Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## we who were the first ## +# so we would be for the praise of his glory -Paul continues to exclude the Gentiles (non-Jews) from his use of "we." \ No newline at end of file +"so that we would live to praise him for his glory" + +# so that we might be the first ... so we would be for the praise + +Once again, the pronouns "we" refer to Paul and the other Jewish believers, not to the Ephesian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/13.md b/eph/01/13.md index a5dd2c52e3..4ed2608341 100644 --- a/eph/01/13.md +++ b/eph/01/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## It was by Christ that you also heard the word of truth ## +# General Information: -AT: "it was through believing in Christ that you heard that you were saved by him" +Paul was speaking in the previous two verses about himself and the other Jewish believers, but now he begins speaking about the Ephesian believers. -## the gospel of your salvation by Christ ## +# were sealed with the promised Holy Spirit -AT: "Christ is the gospel of your salvation" +Wax was placed on a letter and stamped with a symbol representing the person who wrote the letter. Paul uses this custom as a picture to show how God has used the Holy Spirit to assure us that we belong to him. AT: "God has sealed you with the Holy Spirit that he promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in whom you also have believed ## +# the guarantee of our inheritance -AT: "and you also have believed in Christ" - -## were sealed with the promised Holy Spirit ## - -As wax was placed on a letter and impressed with a symbol representing who sent the letter, God sealed our salvation with the Holy Spirit signifying his ownership of us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## the spirit is the guarantee ## - -God gave us the Holy Spirit as a promise of his gift of eternal life at the proper time. AT: "the Holy Spirit is a pledge" - -## our redemption of the possession ## - -God has purchased us to be his own people. AT: "that is, that God forgives us and accepts us as his own people" \ No newline at end of file +Receiving what God has promised is spoken of as though one inherits property or wealth from a family member. AT: "the guarantee that we will receive what God has promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/15.md b/eph/01/15.md index 77dc45de9f..ffe6d2fbd2 100644 --- a/eph/01/15.md +++ b/eph/01/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Because of this ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: “For this reason” +Paul prays for the Ephesian believers and praises God for the power that believers have through Christ. -## your love for all those set apart for him ## +# I have not stopped thanking God -Your love for all the believers in Christ. AT: "your love for all the saints in Christ" - -## I have not stopped thanking God ## - -This can be translated as a positive statement. AT: "I continue to thank God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul uses "not stopped" to emphasize that he continues to thank God. AT: "I continue to thank God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/17.md b/eph/01/17.md index 3db5449d51..2af083deed 100644 --- a/eph/01/17.md +++ b/eph/01/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## a spirit of wisdom and revelation of his knowledge ## +# a spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him -AT: "spiritual wisdom to understand his revelation" +"spiritual wisdom to understand his revelation" -## that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened ## +# that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened -The phrase "eyes of your heart" expresses one's ability to gain understanding. AT: "that you may gain understanding and be enlightened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The phrase "eyes of your heart" expresses one's ability to gain understanding. AT: "that you may gain understanding and be enlightened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the confidence of our calling ## +# that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened -AT: "the hope of our calling" +This may be stated in the active tense. AT: that God may enlighten your heart" or "that God may enlighten your understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## riches of the glory of his inheritance ## +# enlightened -AT: "greatness of his glorious inheritance" or "abundance of his glorious inheritance" +"made to see" -## those who are set apart for him ## +# inheritance -This includes concepts of morally blameless, consecrated and holy. AT: "in the saints" \ No newline at end of file +Receiving what God has promised believers, is spoken of as if one were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all God's holy people + +"all those whom he has set apart for himself" or "all those who belong completely to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/19.md b/eph/01/19.md index 686a800656..64ca76eff9 100644 --- a/eph/01/19.md +++ b/eph/01/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## what is the exceeding greatness of his power ## +# the incomparable greatness of his power God's power is far beyond all other power. -## the working of the strength of his power ## +# toward us who believe -AT: "his great power that is at work for us" +"for us who believe" -## seated him at his right hand ## +# the working of his great strength -"seated Christ at God's right hand." This is the highest place of honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"his great power that is at work for us" -## in this age ## +# raised him from the dead ones -AT: "at this time" +"raised him from death" or "made him alive again" -## in the age to come ## +# seated him at his right hand -AT: "in the future" +The authority of a person is described by where they sit. The right side of a person is the place where the person with the most authority sits. AT: "seated Christ at God's right hand" or "seated Christ in the place of authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## far above all rule, authority, power, dominion ## +# in the heavenly places -These are different terms for the ranks of supernatural beings, both angelic and demonic. AT: "far above all types of supernatural beings" \ No newline at end of file +"in the supernatural world." The word "heavenly" refers to the place where God is. See how this is translated in [Ephesians 1:3](./03.md). + +# far above all rule and authority and power and dominion + +These are different terms for the ranks of supernatural beings, both angelic and demonic. AT: "far above all types of supernatural beings" + +# every name that is named + +This can be stated in active form. AT: Possible meanings are 1) "every name that man gives" or 2) "every name that God gives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# name + +Possible meanings are 1) title or 2) position of authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in this age + +"at this time" + +# in the age to come + +"in the future" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/22.md b/eph/01/22.md index 15895d3e07..28bece1046 100644 --- a/eph/01/22.md +++ b/eph/01/22.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## God has subjected ## +# all things under Christ's feet -AT: “God put” (UDB) or "God placed" +Here "feet" represents Christ's lordship, authority, and power. AT: "all things under Christ's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## all things under Christ's feet ## +# head ... his body -This represents Christ's lordship, authority and power. AT: "all things under Christ’s power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Just as with a human body, the head rules all things pertaining to its body, so Christ is the head of the church body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Given him the head...which is his body ## +# head over all things -Just as with a human body, the head rules all things pertaining to its body, so is Christ the head of the church body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "head" refers to the leader or the one who is in charge. AT: "ruler over all things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the head over all things in the Church ## +# the fullness of him who fills all in all -"Head" implies the leader or the one in charge. AT: "ruler over all things in the Church" - -## which is his body ## - -The Church is often referred to as the body of Christ. - -## the fullness of him who fills all things in all ways ## - -Christ fills the whole church with His power and with his life. AT: "Christ fills the church with his life and power just as he gives and sustains life to all things" \ No newline at end of file +"Christ fills the church with his life and power just as he gives life to all things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/intro.md b/eph/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3a58ab4332 --- /dev/null +++ b/eph/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ephesians 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### "I pray" ##### + +This chapter is structured loosely as a prayer, but it is not a typical prayer. This is a unique "prayer" where Paul is not just talking to God. He is also giving written instructions to the church in Ephesus. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Predestination ##### +Many scholars believe this chapter teaches on a subject known as "predestination." This is related to the biblical concept of "predestine." Some scholars take this to indicate that God has chosen some to be eternally saved before the foundation of the world. Since this is a source of theological diversity, extra care should be taken in translation, especially with regards to elements of causation in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/predestine]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ephesians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Ephesians intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/02/01.md b/eph/02/01.md index 1d2fa3efad..bed0f0065e 100644 --- a/eph/02/01.md +++ b/eph/02/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## And you were dead in your trespasses and your sins ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul reminds the believers of their past and the way they now are before God. + +# you were dead in your trespasses and sins This shows how sinful people are unable to obey God in the same way a dead person is unable to respond physically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your trespasses and your sins ## +# your trespasses and sins -The words "trespasses" and "sins" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize the greatness of the people's sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "trespasses" and "sins" have similar meanings. Paul uses them together to emphasize the greatness of the people's sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## you once walked ## +# according to the ways of this world -This expresses the behavior of how people live. AT: "you once lived" (see [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The apostles also used "world" to refer to the selfish behaviors and corrupt values of the people living in this world. AT: "according to the values of people living in the world" or "following the principles of this present world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## according to the age of this world ## +# the ruler of the authorities of the air -The apostles also used “world” to refer to the selfish behaviors and corrupt values of the people living in this world. AT: “according to the values of people living in the world” or “following the principles of this present world” +This refers to the devil or Satan. -## ruler of the authorities of the air ## +# the spirit that is working -This is referring to the devil or Satan. +"the spirit of Satan, who is working" -## the spirit of him who ## +# the desires of the body and of the mind -The phrase "spirit of him" is also referring to the devil or Satan. +The words "body" and "mind" represent the entire person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## acted according to the evil desires of our flesh, doing the will of the flesh and of the mind ## +# children of wrath -The words "flesh" and "mind" are used as metonyms for the entire body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +people with whom God is angry (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/02/04.md b/eph/02/04.md index 67e9a63963..2533b1a3b7 100644 --- a/eph/02/04.md +++ b/eph/02/04.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## God is rich in mercy ## +# God is rich in mercy -AT: "God is abundant in mercy" or "God acts very kind to us" +"God is abundant in mercy" or "God is very kind to us" -## because of his great love with which he loved us ## +# because of his great love with which he loved us -AT: "because of his great love for us" or "because he loves us very much" +"because of his great love for us" or "because he loves us very much" -## while we were dead in trespasses, he brought us to new life ## +# While we were dead in trespasses, he made us alive together in Christ This shows how a sinful person is unable to obey God until he is given new spiritual life just like a dead person is unable to respond physically unless he is raised from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he brought us to new life together with Christ ## +# he made us alive together in Christ -God has given us new life in Christ. +"In Christ" and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him. -## by grace you have been saved ## +# by grace you have been saved -AT: "God saved us because of his great kindness toward us" +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "God saved us because of his great kindness toward us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and raised us up together and made us sit together in the heavenly places with Christ Jesus ## +# God raised us up together with Christ, and God made us sit together in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus -Just as he already raised Christ, he will raise us up too and be with Christ in heaven. +Just as he already raised Christ, he will raise us up too, and we will be with Christ in heaven. -## in the ages to come ## +# in the heavenly places -AT: "in the future" \ No newline at end of file +"in the supernatural world." The word "heavenly" refers to the place where God is. See how this is translated in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md). + +# in Christ Jesus + +"In Christ Jesus" and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him. + +# in the ages to come + +"in the future" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/02/08.md b/eph/02/08.md index 46d417eae1..c04844e71c 100644 --- a/eph/02/08.md +++ b/eph/02/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## For by grace you have been saved through faith ## +# For by grace you have been saved through faith -God's kindness to us is the reason he made it possible for us to be saved from judgment if we simply trust in Jesus. +God's kindness to us is the reason he made it possible for us to be saved from judgment if we simply trust in Jesus. AT: "God saved you by grace because of your faith in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## And this did not ## +# this did not -The word “this” refers back to "by grace you have been saved by faith." +The word "this" refers back to "by grace you have been saved by faith." -## come from us ## +# Grace is not from works and so no one may boast -The pronoun "us" refers to Paul and all the believers at Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +"Grace is not based on what a person does, so that no one can boast and say that they earned it" -## not from works ## +# in Christ Jesus -AT: "This salvation did not come from our works" +"In Christ Jesus" and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him. -## we are God's workmanship, created in Christ Jesus ## +# walk in -The pronoun "we" refers to Paul and all the believers at Ephesus. AT: "God has created us as new people joined to Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) - -## walk in ## - -AT: “live in” or “follow” \ No newline at end of file +"follow" or "do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/02/11.md b/eph/02/11.md index 16015484b0..f719ee3462 100644 --- a/eph/02/11.md +++ b/eph/02/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Gentiles in the flesh ## +# Connecting Statement: -People who were not Jewish by birth. +Paul reminds these believers that God has now made Gentiles and Jews into one body through Christ and his cross. -## uncircumcised pagans ## +# Gentiles in the flesh -Non-Jewish people were not circumcised as babies and thus considered people who do not follow God. +This refers to people who were not born Jewish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the circumcision ## +# uncircumcision -This was another term for Jewish people because all male infants were circumcised when they were eight days old. +Non-Jewish people were not circumcised as babies and thus the Jews considered them people who do not follow any of God's laws. AT: "uncircumcised pagans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## separated from Christ ## +# circumcision -AT: "unbelievers" +This was another term for Jewish people because all male infants were circumcised. AT: "circumcised people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## alienated from ## +# separated from Christ -AT: “detached from” or “not included in” +"unbelievers" -## the citizenship of Israel ## +# what is called the "circumcision" in the flesh made by human hands -AT: “the people of Israel” or “the community of Israel” +Possible meanings are 1) "Jews, who are circumcised by humans" or 2) "Jews, who circumcise the physical body." -## strangers to the covenants of the promise ## +# by what is called -AT: "you did not know the covenant promises of God" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated with an active form. AT: "by what people call" or "by those whom people call" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# strangers to the covenants of the promise + +Paul speaks to the Gentile believers as if they had been foreigners, kept out of the land of God's covenant and promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/02/13.md b/eph/02/13.md index 50991c6eba..9fba4b4103 100644 --- a/eph/02/13.md +++ b/eph/02/13.md @@ -1,35 +1,59 @@ -## But now in Christ Jesus ## +# But now in Christ Jesus -Paul is marking a stark contrast before the Ephesians believed in Christ and after they believed in Christ. +Paul is marking a contrast between the Ephesians before they believed in Christ and after they believed in Christ. -## you who were once far away from God have been brought near to God ## +# you who once were far away from God have been brought near by the blood of Christ -Due to the believers sins, they were separated far from God. However, now Jesus has brought them near to God by his blood. +Not belonging to God due to sin is spoken of as being far away from God. Belonging to God because of the blood of Christ is spoken of as being brought near to God. AT: "you who once did not belong to God now belong to God because of the blood of Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he is our peace ## +# by the blood of Christ -AT: "Jesus gives us his peace" +The blood of Christ is a metonym for his death. AT: "by Christ's death" or "when Christ died for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## By his body ## +# he is our peace -AT: "By his death on the cross" +"Jesus gives us his peace" -## the wall of hostility ## +# our peace -AT: "the wall of hatred" or "ill will" +The word "our" refers to Paul and his readers and so is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## divided us from each other ## +# He made the two one -"Us" refers to both Paul and the Ephesians, that separated the Jewish believers from the Gentile believers. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +"He made the Jews and Gentiles one" -## he abolished the law of commandments and regulations ## +# By his flesh -Jesus's blood satisfied the Law of Moses so that both the Jews and Gentiles can live at peace in Him. +The words "his flesh," his physical body, are a metonym for his body dying. AT: "By the death of his body on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to reconcile both peoples ## +# the wall of hostility -AT: "bring together both the Jews and the Gentiles" +"the wall of hatred" or "the wall of ill will" -## putting to death the hostility between them ## +# that divided us -Jesus eliminated the reason for Jews and Gentiles to be hostile towards each other. That is they were no longer required to live according to the Mosaic Law. \ No newline at end of file +The word "us" refers to Paul and the Ephesians. The Ephesians, as Gentiles, were separated from Paul and the other Jews. AT: "that separated us Jews and Gentiles from one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# he abolished the law of commandments and regulations + +Jesus' blood satisfied the law of Moses so that both the Jews and Gentiles can live at peace in God. + +# one new man + +a single new people, the people of redeemed humanity (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in himself + +It is union with Christ that makes reconciliation possible between Jews and Gentiles. + +# Christ reconciles both peoples + +"Christ brings the Jews and the Gentiles together in peace" + +# through the cross + +The cross here represents Christ's death on the cross. AT: "by means of Christ's death on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# putting to death the hostility + +Stopping their hostility is spoken of as if he killed their hostility. By dying on the cross Jesus eliminated the reason for Jews and Gentiles to be hostile toward each other. Neither are now required to live according to the law of Moses. AT: "stopping them from hating one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/02/17.md b/eph/02/17.md index 8d6961b8fc..b726700969 100644 --- a/eph/02/17.md +++ b/eph/02/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## proclaimed the gospel ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "announced the gospel" or "declared the gospel" +Paul tells the Ephesian believers that present Gentile believers are also now made one with the Jewish apostles and prophets; they are a temple for God in the Spirit. -## the gospel and his peace ## +# proclaimed peace -AT: "the gospel of peace" +"announced the gospel of peace" or "declared the gospel of peace" -## those who were far away ## +# you who were far away This refers to the Gentiles or non-Jews. -## those who were near ## +# those who were near This refers to the Jews. -## For through Jesus we both have access ## +# For through Jesus we both have access -"We both" refers to both Paul, the believing Jews and the believing non-Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here "we both" refers to Paul, the believing Jews, and the believing non-Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## have access in one Spirit ## +# in one Spirit -All believers are given the right to enter into the presence of God the Father by one spirit or authority. \ No newline at end of file +All believers, both Jewish and Gentile, are given the right to enter into the presence of God the Father by the same Holy Spirit. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/02/19.md b/eph/02/19.md index b02f486614..46b7c5b55d 100644 --- a/eph/02/19.md +++ b/eph/02/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## you Gentiles are no longer strangers or foreigners, but instead you are fellow-citizens with those set apart for God, those who are members of God's family ## +# you Gentiles ... God's household -citizens with those set apart for God, those who are members of God's family** - This is describing the spiritual condition of Gentiles before and after they became believers in the same way as a non-citizen becomes a citizen of a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul is again speaking of the spiritual condition of Gentiles after they become believers as he would speak about foreigners becoming citizens of a different nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## no longer strangers ## +# You have been built on the foundation -AT: "no longer outsiders" +Paul speaks of God's people as if they were a building. Christ is the cornerstone, the apostles are the foundation, and the believers are the structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and foreigners ## +# You have been built -AT: "and non-citizens" +This can be stated in the active tense. AT: "God has built you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## These are built upon the foundation... ## +# the whole building fits together and grows as a temple -Paul compare God's family to a building. Christ being the cornerstone, the apostles being the foundation, and the believers being the structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul continues to speak of Christ's family as if it were a building. In the same way a builder fits stones together while building, so Christ is fitting us together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the whole building of his family fits together and increases as a temple set apart for the Lord ## +# In him ... in the Lord ... in him -Paul continues with the comparison of Christ's family to a building in the way a builder fits stones in the making a building so Christ is fitting us together. +"In Christ ... in the Lord Jesus ... in Christ" These metaphors express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in whom you also are being built together into a dwelling place for God in the Spirit ## +# you also are being built together as a dwelling place for God in the Spirit -This describes how believers are being put together to become a place where God will permanently dwell in the Spirit just as a house is a dwelling place for people on earth. \ No newline at end of file +This describes how believers are being put together to become a place where God will permanently live through the power of the Holy Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you also are being built together + +This can be stated as active. AT: "God is also building you together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/02/intro.md b/eph/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7940747c7a --- /dev/null +++ b/eph/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# Ephesians 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter focuses on a Christian's life before coming to faith in Jesus. Paul then uses this information to explain how a person's former way of living is distinct from a Christian's new identity "in Christ." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### One body ##### +Paul teaches about the church in this chapter. The church is made of two different groups of people (Jews and Gentiles) who are now one group or "body." It is also known as Jesus's body because Jesus unites them. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "Dead in trespasses and sins" ##### +Paul teaches that those who are not Christians are "dead" in their sin. This means that they are in bondage or enslaved to their sin, which leads to death unless they come to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Metaphors for worldly living ##### +Paul uses many different metaphors to describe how the non-Christian world acts. They "walked according to the age of this world," "walked according to the ruler of the authorities of the air," "acting according to the evil desires of our flesh," and "doing the will of the flesh and the mind." + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "It is a gift of God" ##### +Most scholars believe "it" refers to salvation, while others believe that it is faith that is the gift of God. Because of agreement in the Greek wording, it is more probable that salvation is what Paul refers to as the gift of God here. + +##### Flesh ##### + +This is a complex issue. It is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. The phrase "Gentiles in the flesh" indicates the Ephesians once lived without any concern for God. "Flesh" is also used in this verse to refer to the physical part of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ephesians 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/01.md b/eph/03/01.md index e7bbebfc45..852ea29934 100644 --- a/eph/03/01.md +++ b/eph/03/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Because of this ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Because of God's grace to you" +To make clear the hidden truth about the church to believers, Paul refers back to the oneness of Jews and Gentiles and the temple of which believers are now a part. -## the management of the gift of God that he gave me for you ## +# Because of this -AT: "the responsibility God gave me to administer His grace to you" \ No newline at end of file +"Because of God's grace to you" + +# the prisoner of Christ Jesus + +"the one whom Christ Jesus has put in prison" + +# the stewardship of the grace of God that was given to me for you + +"the responsibility that God gave me to bring his grace to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/03.md b/eph/03/03.md index dc5ca77904..e8695deba7 100644 --- a/eph/03/03.md +++ b/eph/03/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## according to the revelation made known to me ## +# according to the revelation made known to me -AT: "that God a revelation known to me" or "that God revealed to me" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "according to what God revealed to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the hidden truth about which I wrote a little previously ## +# about which I briefly wrote to you -AT: "the previously not known truth that I briefly wrote to you about before" +Paul refers to another letter he had written to these people. -## When you read about this ## +# In other generations this truth was not made known to the sons of men -"This" refers to the hidden truths that Paul is making known to the Ephesians. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God did not make these things known to people in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you will be able to understand ## +# But now it has been revealed by the Spirit -AT: "you will be able to comprehend" or "you will be able to realize" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But now the Spirit has revealed it" or "But now the Spirit has made it known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## my insight into this hidden truth about Christ ## +# his apostles and prophets who were set apart for this work -AT: "my understanding into this previously not known truth" - -## which in other generations was not made known to the human race ## - -AT: "which was not made known to people in the past" - -## but now which has been revealed ## - -AT: "but now it has been shown" or “but now it has been made known” \ No newline at end of file +"the apostles and prophets whom God set apart to do this work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/06.md b/eph/03/06.md index b1d0d266eb..bd3c234452 100644 --- a/eph/03/06.md +++ b/eph/03/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the Gentiles are fellow heirs and fellow members of the body and fellow sharers in the promise in Christ Jesus through the gospel ## +# the Gentiles are fellow heirs ... through the gospel -This statement is the hidden truth Paul was stating that was revealed to him and the apostles. +This is the hidden truth Paul began to explain in the previous verse. The Gentiles who receive Christ also receive the same things as the Jewish believers. -## fellow members of the body ## +# fellow members of the body -Paul continues to use the analogy of the physical body in describing the the believers in Christ. +The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For this I became a servant ## +# in Christ Jesus -AT: "I am now serving God to spread the gospel" (see [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"In Christ Jesus" and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him. + +# through the gospel + +Possible meanings are 1) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow sharers in the promise or 2) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow heirs and members of the body and fellow sharers in the promise. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/08.md b/eph/03/08.md index 0619c150c0..a4280645e2 100644 --- a/eph/03/08.md +++ b/eph/03/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## To me this gift was given, although I am less than the lowest of those set apart for God ## +# God's holy people -AT: "Even though I am the least worthy of all God's people, God has given me this gracious gift" +"those whom God has set apart for himself" -## and to enlighten everyone about what God's plan is ## +# unsearchable -AT: "and to make all people aware of God's plan" +unable to be completely known (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the hidden truth that was hidden from ages past by God, who created all things ## +# riches of Christ -AT: "something that God has kept hidden from long ago, from the time when he created everything" \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of the truth about Christ and the blessings he brings as if they were material wealth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bring to light to everyone what God's plan is + +Bringing light to people represents teaching them. AT: "shine a light on God's secret plan so all people will know what it is" or "teach all people what God's secret plan is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# This plan had been hidden for ages in the past by God, who created all things + +This can be stated in active form. "God, who created all things, had kept this plan hidden for long ages in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/10.md b/eph/03/10.md index 2aed9ba7fc..b1e7b3cfe7 100644 --- a/eph/03/10.md +++ b/eph/03/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## there will be made known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places through the Church the complex wisdom of God ## +# the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places would come to know the many-sided nature of the wisdom of God -AT: "God will make his complex wisdom known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places through the Church" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"God will make his great wisdom known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places through the Church" -## rulers and authorities ## +# rulers and authorities These words share similar meanings. Paul uses them together to emphasize that every spiritual being will know God's wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## according to the eternal plan ## +# in the heavenly places -AT: "in keeping with the eternal plan" or "consistent with the eternal plan" +"in the supernatural world." The word "heavenly" refers to the place where God is. See how this is translated in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md). -## that he intended ## +# the many-sided nature of the wisdom of God -AT: "that he accomplished" or "that he fulfilled completely" \ No newline at end of file +God's complex wisdom (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# according to the eternal plan + +"in keeping with the eternal plan" or "consistent with the eternal plan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/12.md b/eph/03/12.md index 0d11852f64..51a286d1ce 100644 --- a/eph/03/12.md +++ b/eph/03/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## access with confidence ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "access into God's presence with confidence" or "freedom to enter into God's presence with confidence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Paul praises God in his sufferings and prays for these Ephesian believers. -## because of our faith in him ## +# we have boldness -AT: "because of our faith in Christ" +"we are without fear" or "we have courage" -## Therefore I ask you not to be discouraged at ## +# access with confidence -AT: “Therefore I ask you not to lose courage because of” \ No newline at end of file +It may be helpful to state explicitly that this access is into God's presence. AT: "access into God's presence with confidence" or "freedom to enter into God's presence with confidence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# confidence + +"certainty" or "assurance" + +# for you, which is your glory + +Here "your glory" is a metonym for the pride they should feel or will feel in the future kingdom. The Christians in Ephesus should be proud of what Paul is suffering in prison. This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "for you. This is for your benefit" or "for you. You should be proud of this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/14.md b/eph/03/14.md index dae6957e94..2e7f34f0aa 100644 --- a/eph/03/14.md +++ b/eph/03/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## For this cause ## +# For this reason -AT: "Because God has done all this for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +You may need to make explicit what the reason is. AT: "Because God has done all this for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I bow my knees to the Father ## +# I bend my knees to the Father -AT: "I bow my knees in prayer to the Father" or "I humbly pray to the Father" +Bowed knees are a picture of the whole person in an attitude of prayer. AT: "I bow down in prayer to the Father" or "I humbly pray to the Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## that he would grant you ## +# from whom every family in heaven and on earth is named -AT: "that he would give you" \ No newline at end of file +The act of naming here probably also represents the act of creating. AT: "who created and named every family in heaven and on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he would grant you, according to the riches of his glory, to be strengthened with power + +"God, because he is so great and powerful, would allow you to become strong with his power" + +# would grant + +"would give" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/17.md b/eph/03/17.md index 0ace2d4cc0..d493f9fa6c 100644 --- a/eph/03/17.md +++ b/eph/03/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## hearts through faith ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Through" the idea of a channel or way, showing that Christ lives in the hearts of believers by means of God's gift of faith given to them. +Paul continues the prayer he began in [Ephesians 3:14](./14.md). -## that you be rooted and grounded in his love ## +# that Christ may live in your hearts through faith, that you will be rooted and grounded in his love -Paul compares their faith like a tree that has deep roots or a house build on a solid foundation. AT: "that you will be like a firmly rooted tree and a building founded upon stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is the second item for which Paul prays that God will "grant" the Ephesians "according to the riches of his glory." The first is that they would "be strengthened" ([Ephesians 3:16](./14.md)). -## all those set apart for God ## +# hearts through faith -It means all believers. AT: "saints" +Here "heart" represents a person's inner being, and "through" expresses the means by which Christ lives within the believer. Christ lives in the hearts of believers because God graciously allows them to have faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## that you may know the surpassing greatness of Christ's love ## +# faith, that you will be rooted and grounded in his love. May you have strength so you can understand -AT: "that you may know Christ's love that is far above anything we can know by experience" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "faith. I pray that you will be rooted and grounded in his love so that you can understand" or 2) "faith so you will be rooted and grounded in his love. I also pray that you can understand" + +# that you will be rooted and grounded in his love + +Paul speaks of their faith as if it were a tree that has deep roots or a house built on a solid foundation. AT: "that you will be like a firmly rooted tree and a building built on stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so you can understand + +This is the second item for which Paul bends his knees and prays; the first is that God will grant that they be strengthened ([Ephesians 3:16](./14.md)) and that Christ may live in their hearts through faith ([Ephesians 3:17](./14.md)). And "understand" is the first thing that Paul prays that the Ephesians themselves will be able to do. + +# all the believers + +"all believers in Christ" or "all the saints" + +# the width, the length, the height, and the depth + +Possible meanings are 1) these words describe the greatness of God's wisdom, AT: "how very wise God is" or 2) these word describe the intensity of Christ's love for us. AT: "how much Christ loves us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that you may know the love of Christ + +This is the second thing that Paul prays that the Ephesians will be able to do; the first is that they "understand." AT: "that you can know how great Christ's love for us is" + +# that you may be filled with all the fullness of God + +This is the third item for which Paul bends his knees and prays ([Ephesians 3:14-16](./14.md)). The first is that they would "be strengthened" ([Ephesians 3:16](./14.md)), and the second is that they "can understand" (3:18). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/20.md b/eph/03/20.md index 2398b7acd7..e605c2be1b 100644 --- a/eph/03/20.md +++ b/eph/03/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Now to him ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Now to God" +Paul concludes his prayer with a blessing. -## everything far, far above ## +# General Information: -God can do far more than we could ever ask or imagine. +The words "we" and "us" in this book continue to include Paul and all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## that we ask or think ## +# Now to him who -"We" includes Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Now to God, who" + +# to do far beyond all that we ask or think + +"to do much more than all that we ask or think" or "to do things that are much greater than all that we ask him for or think about" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/03/intro.md b/eph/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..03ac2557ef --- /dev/null +++ b/eph/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Ephesians 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### "I pray" ##### + +This chapter is structured loosely as a prayer, but it is not a typical prayer. This is a unique "prayer" where Paul is not just talking to God directly. He is also is giving written instructions to the church in Ephesus. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Mystery ##### +Paul refers to the church as a "mystery." The role of the church in the plans of God was once not known, but it has now been revealed by God. Part of this mystery involves the Gentiles' equal standing with the Jews in the current plans of God. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ephesians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/01.md b/eph/04/01.md index faef5e4a67..ec529da998 100644 --- a/eph/04/01.md +++ b/eph/04/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## as the prisoner for the Lord ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "as someone who is in prison because of his choice to serve the Lord" +Because of what Paul has been writing to the Ephesians, he tells them how they should live their lives as believers and again emphasizes that believers are to agree with each other. -## I urge you to live worthily of the calling ## +# as the prisoner for the Lord -In all these verses the word "you" refers to all the believers at Ephesus. AT: "I encourage with you to conduct yourself in a manner proper of the calling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"as someone who is in prison because of his choice to serve the Lord" -## with great humility and gentleness and patience, accepting each other in love ## +# walk worthily of the calling -AT: "You must learn to be humble, gentle, patient and to accept each other in love" +Walking is a common way to express the idea of living one's life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace ## +# to live with great humility and gentleness and patience -AT: “seek to live together in peace to maintain the unity of the Spirit” \ No newline at end of file +"to learn to be humble, gentle, and patient" + +# keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace + +"seek to live together in peace to maintain the unity of the Spirit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/04.md b/eph/04/04.md index 0b205824cd..1de8c3816f 100644 --- a/eph/04/04.md +++ b/eph/04/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## one body ## +# one body -All believers in the family of God are like the various members of a human body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## one Spirit ## +# one Spirit -There is one Holy Spirit. +"only one Holy Spirit" -## called in one ## +# you were called in one certain hope of your calling -AT: "specially chosen in one" or "appointed in one" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God called you to have one confident hope in your calling" or "there is one thing that God also chose you to be confident in and expect him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in one confident expectation ## +# Father of all ... over all ... through all ... and in all -AT: "in one sure hope" - -## Father of all...and in all ## - -AT: "Father of everything...over everything...through everything...in everything" \ No newline at end of file +The word "all" here means "everything." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/07.md b/eph/04/07.md index ca611be7d3..bded1c5b69 100644 --- a/eph/04/07.md +++ b/eph/04/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## To each one of us ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "us" includes Paul and all the believers at Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Paul reminds believers of the gifts that Christ gives believers to use in the church, which is the whole body of believers. -## To each one of us has been given a gift ## +# General Information: -AT: "A gift has been given to each believer" or "God gave a gift to each one of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The quote here is from a song that King David wrote. -## When he ascended the heights ## +# To each one of us grace has been given -"When Christ went up into heaven" - The word "he" refers to Christ through verse 11. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated using an active form. AT: "God has given grace to each one of us" or "God gave a gift to each believer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When he ascended to the heights + +"When Christ went up into heaven" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/09.md b/eph/04/09.md index 2c8f1a4e38..db1fc5e6d5 100644 --- a/eph/04/09.md +++ b/eph/04/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## He ascended ## +# He ascended -AT: "He went up" +"Christ went up" -## he also descended ## +# he also descended -AT: "he also went down" or "he also came down" +"Christ also came down" -## into the depths of the earth ## +# into the lower regions of the earth -Possible meanings include 1) "into the lower regions, the earth" or 2) "into the lower parts, the earth" +Possible meanings are 1) the lower regions are a part of the earth or 2) "the lower regions" is another way of referring to the earth. AT: "into the lower regions, the earth." -## he might fill all things ## +# that he might fill all things -AT: "he might completely fill everything" or "all might be filled with him" \ No newline at end of file +"so that he might be present everywhere in his power" + +# fill + +"complete" or "satisfy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/11.md b/eph/04/11.md index 70699be968..e5dfd1b677 100644 --- a/eph/04/11.md +++ b/eph/04/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## Christ gave gifts like these ## +# He gave these offices -AT: "Christ gave gifts to the Church like these" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The one to whom Christ gave the gifts can be stated clearly. AT: "Christ gave these offices to the church" or "He gave people with these responsibilities to the church (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## those set apart for God ## +# to equip his holy people -This refers to all believers. +"to prepare the people he has set apart" or "to provide the believers" -## the work of service ## +# for the work of service -AT: "serving others" +"so they can serve others" -## for the building up of the body of Christ ## +# for the building up of the body of Christ -This metaphor compares growing spiritually to doing exercises to increase the strength of the human body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul is speaking of people who grow spiritually as if they were doing exercises to increase the strength of their physical bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## reach the unity of faith ## +# building up -AT: "become equally strong in faith" +"improvement" -## reach complete adulthood ## +# body of Christ -AT: "become mature believers" \ No newline at end of file +The "body of Christ" refers to all of the individual members of Christ's Church. + +# reach the unity of faith and knowledge of the Son of God + +The believers need to know Jesus as the Son of God if they are to be united in faith and mature as believers. + +# reach the unity of faith + +"become equally strong in faith" or "become united together in faith" + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# become mature + +"become mature believers" + +# mature + +"fully developed" or "grown up" or "complete" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/14.md b/eph/04/14.md index 46a2727875..30ed524f8b 100644 --- a/eph/04/14.md +++ b/eph/04/14.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## This is so that we should ## +# be children -AT: "Then we will" +Paul refers to believers who have not grown spiritually as if they were children who have had very little experience in life. AT: "be like children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## be like children ## +# tossed back and forth ... carried away by every wind of teaching -This is comparing a believer who has not grown spiritually to a child who has had very little experience in life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of a believer who has not become mature and follows wrong teaching as if that believer were a boat that the wind is blowing in different directions on the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## tossed around and carried away by every wind of teaching ## +# by the trickery of people in their deceitful schemes -This metaphor compares a believer who has not become mature and hears wrong teaching to a boat that is being blown by the wind in random directions on the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"by crafty people who trick believers with clever lies" -## by the trickery of people in the cleverness of erring deceit ## +# into him who is the head ... makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in love -AT: "by crafty people who trick believers with clever lies" +Paul uses the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Rather we will speak ## +# by every supporting ligament -AT: "Instead we will speak" +A "ligament" is a strong band that connects bones or organs in place in the body. -## into him who is the head...in the body's growth ## +# in love -This is a metaphor using the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony like the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## for the building up of each one in love ## - -AT: "so believers can help each other grow in love" \ No newline at end of file +"as the members love one another" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/17.md b/eph/04/17.md index ad00a41b9d..61227b118e 100644 --- a/eph/04/17.md +++ b/eph/04/17.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## This I say therefore, and I exhort you in the Lord ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Therefore I strongly encourage you in the Lord" +Paul tells them what they should no longer do now that they as believers are sealed by the Holy Spirit of God. -## no longer walk as the Gentiles walk in the futility of their minds ## +# Therefore, I say and insist on this in the Lord -AT: "stop living like the Gentiles with their worthless thoughts" +"Because what I have just said, I will say something more to strongly encourage you because we all belong to the Lord" -## being darkened in thought, alienated from the life of God by the ignorance that is in them and by the stubbornness of their heart ## +# that you must no longer live as the Gentiles live, in the futility of their minds -AT: "They cannot experience the life of God because their minds have been blinded and they are stubborn" +"stop living like the Gentiles with their worthless thoughts" -## being darkened in thought ## +# They are darkened in their understanding -They no longer think or reason clearly. +They no longer think or reason clearly. AT: "They have darkened their thoughts" or "They are not able to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## alienated from the life of God ## +# alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them -AT: "separated from godly living" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Because they do not know God, they cannot live the way God wants his people to live" or "They have cut themselves off from the life of God by their ignorance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## by the ignorance that is in them ## +# alienated -AT: "because they have no knowledge of God" +"cut off" or "separated" -## by the stubbornness of their heart ## +# ignorance -They refuse to listen to God and follow His teachings. +"lack of knowledge" or "lack of information" -## They have handed themselves over to debauchery in impure actions, in every kind of greediness ## +# because of the hardness of their hearts -AT: "They have given their lives to an excessive desire for pleasure by their evil behavior and greed for everything they desire" \ No newline at end of file +They refuse to listen to God and follow his teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# have handed themselves over to sensuality + +Paul speaks of these people as if they were objects that they themselves were giving to other people, and he speaks of the way they want to satisfy their physical desires as if it were the person to whom they give themselves. AT: "only want to satisfy their physical desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/20.md b/eph/04/20.md index 3b257c401f..f254e7dbe4 100644 --- a/eph/04/20.md +++ b/eph/04/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## But this is not how you learned about Christ ## +# But that is not how you learned about Christ -AT: "But you did not learn to follow Christ in this way" +The word "that" refers to the way the Gentiles live, as described in [Ephesians 4:17-19](./17.md). This emphasizes that what the believers learned about Christ was the opposite of that. AT: "But what you learned about Christ was not like that" -## If you have heard about him and have been taught about him, that this is the truth about Jesus ## +# I assume that you have heard ... and that you were taught -AT: "Since you have heard about Jesus and have been taught the truth by him" +Paul knows that the Ephesians have heard and been taught. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## you must put off the old man—that which accords with your old conduct, which is being corrupted according to deceitful desires ## +# you were taught in him -AT: "you must discard behavior that was normal to your old way of living, which got worse as your evil desires deceived you" +Possible meanings are 1) "Jesus' people have taught you" or 2) "someone has taught you because you are Jesus' people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you must put off the old man ## +# as the truth is in Jesus -You must rid yourself of all sinful behavior just like taking off clothes and throwing them away. AT: "you must change your behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"as everything about Jesus is true" -## that which accords with your old conduct ## +# to put off what belongs to your former manner of life -AT: "behavior that agrees with your old nature" or "behavior that agrees with your old self" +Paul is speaking of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. AT: "to stop living according to your former manner of life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## which is being corrupted according to deceitful desires ## +# to put off the old man -AT: "which continues to grow worse because of lying desires of the flesh" \ No newline at end of file +Paul is speaking of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. AT: "to stop living as your former self did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# old man + +The "old man" refers to the "old nature" or "former self." + +# that is corrupt because of its deceitful desires + +Paul speaks of the sinful human nature as if it were a dead body falling apart in its grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/23.md b/eph/04/23.md index a7ff5e434a..83db1d9cbe 100644 --- a/eph/04/23.md +++ b/eph/04/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## you may be renewed ## +# to be renewed in the spirit of your minds -AT: "you may be changed" or "you may be transformed" +This may be translated with an active form. AT: "to allow God to change your attitudes and thoughts" or "to allow God to give you new attitudes and thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## so that you may put on the new man ## +# to put on the new man that is created in the image of God -This shows how an unbeliever becomes a new person when he becomes a believer by the power of God, just as a person puts on new clothing and looks totally different. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul is speaking of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. AT: "to live your new life, which is created in the image of God" or "to start living in the new way because you were created in the image of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in true righteousness and holiness + +"truly righteous and holy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/25.md b/eph/04/25.md index 866ac49851..c525d9427a 100644 --- a/eph/04/25.md +++ b/eph/04/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## put away falsehood ## +# get rid of lies -AT: "you must stop telling lies" +"stop telling lies" -## Speak truth, each one with his neighbor ## +# we are members of one another -AT: "believers must speak the truth to their neighbors" +"we belong to one another" or "we are members of God's family" -## we are members of each other ## +# Be angry and do not sin -AT: "we are all members of God's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +"You may get angry, but do not sin" or "If you become angry, do not sin" -## Be angry, but do not sin ## +# Do not let the sun go down on your anger -AT: "You may get angry, but do not sin" +The sun going down represents nightfall, or the end of the day. AT: "You must stop being angry before night comes" or "Let go of your anger before the day ends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Do not let the sun go down upon your anger ## +# Do not give an opportunity to the devil -AT: "You must get over your anger before night comes" \ No newline at end of file +"Do not give the devil an opportunity to lead you into sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/28.md b/eph/04/28.md index 2ff32e983e..92768a7ed6 100644 --- a/eph/04/28.md +++ b/eph/04/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## No corrupt speech must come out of your mouth ## +# filthy talk -AT: "Let no bad language come out of your mouth" or "Let no evil talk come out of your mouth" +This refers to speech that is cruel or rude. -## instead words that are useful for building up others ## +# for building others up -AT: "instead speak words that are useful for building up, or giving strength to other believers" +"for encouraging others" or "for strengthening others" -## to give grace to them who are listening ## +# their needs, that your words would be helpful to those who hear you -AT: "In this way you will give grace to those who are listening" +"their needs. In this way you will help those who hear you" -## do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God ## +# do not grieve -AT: "do not cause the Holy Spirit of God to become sad by your bad speech" +"do not distress" or "do not upset" -## by whom you have been sealed ## +# for it is by him that you were sealed for the day of redemption -AT: "for he has sealed you" \ No newline at end of file +The Holy Spirit assures believers that God will redeem them. Paul speaks of the Holy Spirit as if he were a mark that God puts on believers to show that he owns them. AT: "for he is the seal that assures you that God will redeem you on the day of redemption" or "for he is the one who assures you that God will redeem you on the day of redemption" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/31.md b/eph/04/31.md index 050a2083bd..0d178d70ed 100644 --- a/eph/04/31.md +++ b/eph/04/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Let all bitterness...be taken away from you ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Let God take away all feelings of hostility" or "Let God take away all feelings of hatred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Paul finishes his instructions on what believers should not do and ends with what they must do. -## rage and anger ## +# Put away all bitterness, rage, anger -The words "rage" and "anger" express the great intensity of anger. AT: "uncontrolled anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"Put away" is a metaphor for not continuing to have certain attitudes or behaviors. AT: "You must not allow these things to be part of your life: bitterness, rage, anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## shouting and insults ## +# rage -The word "shouting" intensifies the harshness of "insults." AT: "harsh verbal abuse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +intense anger -## and be kind to each other, tenderhearted ## +# Be kind -AT: "Instead you must be kind to each other, gentle" or "Instead you must be kind to each other, full of compassion" \ No newline at end of file +"Instead, be kind" + +# tenderhearted + +"gentle" or "full of compassion" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/04/intro.md b/eph/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8a491b3fcb --- /dev/null +++ b/eph/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Ephesians 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:8, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Spiritual gifts ##### +Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities given to Christians after coming to faith in Jesus. This is not an exhaustive list of the spiritual gifts. Some scholars believe there are some gifts given only in the early church because they were foundational to the development of the church. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### Unity ##### +Paul places a great importance on unity in the church. This is a major theme of this chapter. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Old man and new man ##### +The term "old man" probably refers to the sinful nature that a person is born with, while the "new man" is the new nature or new life that is given to a person after coming to faith in Christ. Paul also uses the terms old/new self and old/new creation in the same way. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ephesians 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/01.md b/eph/05/01.md index 1cf499e347..42b845a25c 100644 --- a/eph/05/01.md +++ b/eph/05/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Therefore become imitators of God ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Therefore you should do things which God does" +Paul continues to tell the believers how they should and should not live as God's children. -## as his beloved children ## +# Therefore be imitators of God -God desires us to imitate him since we are his children. +"Therefore you should do what God does." Therefore refers back to [Ephesians 4:32](../04/31.md) which tells why believers should imitate God, because Christ forgave believers. -## live in love ## +# as dearly loved children -AT: "live a life of love" +God desires us to imitate or follow him since we are his children. AT: "as dearly loved children imitate their fathers" or "because you are his children and he loves you dearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## an offering and sacrifice, a pleasing aroma, to God ## +# walk in love -AT: "a sweet-smelling offering and sacrifice to God" \ No newline at end of file +Walking is a common way to express the idea of living one's life. AT: "live a life of love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a fragrant offering and sacrifice to God + +"like a sweet-smelling offering and sacrifice to God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/03.md b/eph/05/03.md index 33efef5bd4..c65606fde3 100644 --- a/eph/05/03.md +++ b/eph/05/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## Sexual immorality or any impurity or sensual greed must not be suggested among you, as is proper for those set apart for God ## +# But there must not be even a suggestion among you of sexual immorality or any kind of impurity or of greed -AT: "Do not allow even the thought of sexual immorality or any impurity or greed to be found among God's people" +"Do not do anything that would let anyone think that you are are guilty of sexual immorality or any kind of impurity or greed" -## any impurity ## +# any kind of impurity -AT: "any moral uncleanness" +"any moral uncleanness" -## sensual greed ## +# Instead there should be thanksgiving -AT: "desires for what others have" - -## must not be suggested among you ## - -AT: "must not be mentioned among you" or "must not be discovered among you" - -## as is proper for those set apart for God ## - -AT: "Your behavior should always be appropriate as God's holy people" - -## nor obscenity, foolish talk, or degrading jokes, which are improper, but rather thankfulness ## - -AT: "Let your speech be filled with thanksgiving, not filthy and foolish talk or unclean jokes" \ No newline at end of file +"Instead you should thank God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/05.md b/eph/05/05.md index 7ecb69de83..3a37dabdd7 100644 --- a/eph/05/05.md +++ b/eph/05/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Let no one deceive you with empty words ## +# inheritance -AT: "Do not let anyone trick you with false arguments" or "Do not let anyone mislead you with meaningless words" +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Because of these things the anger of God is coming upon the children of disobedience ## +# empty words -AT: "The anger of God is coming upon the people who disobey him when they do these things" - -## So do not be participants with them ## - -AT: "Be sure you do not participate with them in evil behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]} \ No newline at end of file +words that have no truth to them \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/08.md b/eph/05/08.md index 6bcff92ee6..2f752f1ade 100644 --- a/eph/05/08.md +++ b/eph/05/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## For you were once darkness ## +# For you were once darkness -Just as one can not see in the dark, so people who live in sin lack spiritual understanding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Just as one cannot see in the dark, so people who love to sin lack spiritual understanding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but now you are light in the Lord ## +# but now you are light in the Lord -Just as one can see in the light, so people who live in righteousness have spiritual understanding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Just as one can see in the light, so people whom God has saved understand how to please God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## because the fruit of the light is all goodness, righteousness, and truth ## +# Walk as children of light -The works coming from the life of a believer (goodness, righteousness, and truth) are like the good fruit produced by a healthy tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. AT: "Live as people who understand what the Lord wants them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Have no participation with the unfruitful works of the darkness ## +# the fruit of the light consists in all goodness, righteousness, and truth -AT: "Do not be involved with the unfruitful works of sin or unbelievers" +Just as a healthy tree produces good fruit, a believer will do what is good, do the righteous things God wants him to do, and will speak true words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the unfruitful works of the darkness ## +# Do not associate with the unfruitful works of darkness -The works of someone living in spiritual darkness are like the evil actions of people who do evil works hidden by the darkness at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of the useless, sinful things that unbelievers do as if they are evil deeds people do in the dark so no one will see them. AT: "Do not do useless, sinful things with unbelievers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but rather expose them ## +# unfruitful works -AT: "but rather show them to be wrong" \ No newline at end of file +actions that do nothing good, useful, or profitable. Paul is comparing evil actions to an unhealthy tree that produces nothing good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# expose them + +Speaking against the works of darkness is spoken of as bringing them out into the light so that people can see them. AT: "bring them out into the light" or "uncover them" or "show and tell people how wrong these actions are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/13.md b/eph/05/13.md index 5daf73d1da..fcd8509971 100644 --- a/eph/05/13.md +++ b/eph/05/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Everything is revealed by the light ## +# General Information: -Just as light reveals things that were hidden in the physical world, so the light of Christ reveals the evil spiritual actions of unbelievers in the spiritual world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +It is unknown if this quotation is a combination of quotations from the prophet Isaiah or a quotation from a hymn sung by the believers. -## Awake, you who sleep, and rise from the dead ## +# anything that becomes visible is light -Unbelievers need to wake up from being dead spiritually just as a person who has died must come alive again in order to respond. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"people can clearly see everything that comes into the light." Paul makes this general statement in order to imply that God's Word shows people's actions to be good or bad. The Bible often speaks of God's truth as if it were light that could reveal the character of something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Christ will shine on you ## +# Awake, you sleeper, and arise from the dead ones -Christ will enable an unbeliever to understand his provision of forgiveness and new life just as light shows what is actually there that was hidden by darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is addressing unbelievers who need to wake up from being dead spiritually just as a person who has died must come alive again in order to respond, or 2) Paul is addressing the Ephesian believers and using death as a metaphor for their spiritual weakness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you sleeper ... shine on you + +These instances of "you" refer to the "sleeper" and are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Christ will shine on you + +Christ will enable an unbeliever to understand how evil his deeds are and how Christ will forgive him and give him new life, just as light shows what actually is there that darkness hid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/15.md b/eph/05/15.md index 4bd01cc435..b9e17e9923 100644 --- a/eph/05/15.md +++ b/eph/05/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Therefore be careful how you live, not as unwise people but as wise ## +# Look carefully how you live—not as unwise but as wise -Unwise people do not guard themselves against sin. However wise people can identify sin and flee from it. AT: "Therefore you must be careful to live like a wise person rather than an unwise person" +Unwise people do not guard themselves against sin. Wise people, however, can identify sin and flee from it. AT: "Therefore you must be careful to live as a wise person rather than a foolish person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Redeem the time ## +# Redeem the time -We have a choice to live in sin which is the same as using our time unwisely. Or we can live doing what the Lord wants us to do and use our time wisely. AT: "Use your time wisely" +Using time wisely is spoken of as if it were redeeming the time. AT: "Do the best things you can with your time" or "Use time wisely" or "Put time to its best use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## because the days are evil ## +# because the days are evil -The word "days" means the times you are living in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "days" is a metonym for what people do during those days. AT: "because the people around you are doing all kinds of evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/18.md b/eph/05/18.md index 5204a9e882..b248038e65 100644 --- a/eph/05/18.md +++ b/eph/05/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## And do not get drunk with wine ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "And you should not get drunk from drinking wine" +Paul ends his instructions on how all believers should live. -## instead be filled with the Holy Spirit ## +# And do not get drunk with wine -AT: "instead you should be filled with the Holy Spirit" +"You should not get drunk from drinking wine" -## in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs ## +# Instead, be filled with the Holy Spirit -AT: "with all sorts of songs to praise God" +"Instead, you should be controlled with the Holy Spirit" -## always giving thanks ## +# psalms and hymns and spiritual songs -AT: "Always give thanks" +Possible meanings are that 1) Paul is using these words as a merism for "all sorts of songs to praise God" or 2) Paul is listing specific forms of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## subjecting yourselves ## +# psalms -AT: "Humbly submit yourselves" \ No newline at end of file +These are probably songs from the Old Testament book of Psalms that Christians sang. + +# hymns + +These are songs of praise and worship that may have been written specifically for Christians to sing. + +# spiritual songs + +Possible meanings are 1) these are songs that Holy Spirit inspires a person to sing right at that moment or 2) "spiritual songs" and "hymns" are doublets and mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/22.md b/eph/05/22.md index 9f0e490c0d..3d50fb800f 100644 --- a/eph/05/22.md +++ b/eph/05/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## he is the Savior of the body ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Christ is the Savior of the body of believers" or "Christ is the Savior of all believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Paul begins to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to one another ([Ephesians 5:21](./18.md)). He starts with instructions to wives and husbands on how they should act toward each other. -## so also must wives be to their husbands in everything ## +# the head of the wife ... the head of the church -AT: "so wives must also be subject to their husbands in everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "head" represents the leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/25.md b/eph/05/25.md index 6f53f6f618..d97ade0211 100644 --- a/eph/05/25.md +++ b/eph/05/25.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## love your wives ## +# General Information: -"Love" is referring to unselfish, serving or giving love. +Here the words "himself" and "he" refer to Christ. The word "her" refers to the church. -## gave himself up for her, that he might make her holy because he cleansed us ## +# love your wives -The words “himself” and “he” refer to Christ while the words “her” and "us" refer to the Church (or all the believers in the Church). +Here "love" refers to unselfish serving or giving love to wives. -## gave himself up for her ## +# gave himself up -AT: "Christ sacrificed everything for her" +"allowed people to kill him" -## he cleansed us by the washing of water by the word ## +# having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word -Possible meanings are 1) Paul is referring to having been made clean by God's word and through water baptism in Christ or 2) Paul is saying God made us spiritually clean from our sins by the word of God like we make our bodies clean by washing with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is referring to God's making Christ's people clean by God's word and through water baptism in Christ or 2) Paul is saying God made us spiritually clean from our sins by the word of God as we make our bodies clean by washing with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that he might present to himself the Church ## +# for her ... make her holy ... cleansed her -"that Christ might present to himself the Church" +Paul speaks of the assembly of believers as though it were a woman whom Jesus will marry. AT: "for us ... make us holy ... cleansed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## without stain or wrinkle ## +# without stain or wrinkle -Paul speaks of the Church as a garment that is clean and in good condition. He uses the same idea in two ways to emphasize the Church's purity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Paul speaks of the church as though it were a garment that is clean and in good condition. He uses the same idea in two ways to emphasize the church's purity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## holy and without fault ## +# holy and without fault -The phrase "without fault" means basically the same thing as "holy." Paul uses the two together to emphasize the Church's purity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "without fault" means basically the same thing as "holy." Paul uses the two together to emphasize the church's purity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/28.md b/eph/05/28.md index db5cc3b113..73833ffd10 100644 --- a/eph/05/28.md +++ b/eph/05/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## as their own bodies ## +# as their own bodies -AT: "as they love their own bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +That people love their own bodies may be stated explicitly. AT: "as husbands love their own bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## instead he nourishes ## +# but nourishes -AT: "instead he nurtures" or "instead he cares for" +"but feeds" -## we are members of his body ## +# we are members of his body -The word "we" refers to Paul and all the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) - -## we are members of his body ## - -Possible meanings are 1) "we are members of his body of believers" (non-metaphorical sense) or 2) Believers fit together to form the body of Christ just as the parts of the human body fit together to form a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with Christ as if they were part of his own body, for which he would naturally care. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/31.md b/eph/05/31.md index ef501688ac..7949b7fa58 100644 --- a/eph/05/31.md +++ b/eph/05/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## For this cause ## +# General Information: -AT: "For this reason" +The quotation is from the writings of Moses in the Old Testament. -## must love his own wife as himself ## +# General Information: -The words "his" and "himself" refer to a male believer who is married. - -## the wife must respect her husband ## - -AT: "the wife must honor her husband" or "the wife must reverence her husband" \ No newline at end of file +The words "his" and "himself" refer to a male believer who marries. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/05/intro.md b/eph/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3a9ea7f056 --- /dev/null +++ b/eph/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Ephesians 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 5:14, which is a reference to the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Inheritance of the kingdom of Christ ##### +This is a difficult concept to understand. Because all of these sins can be forgiven, it should be obvious the inheritance talked about here is not eternal life. Some scholars, though, believe those who continue to practice these things will not inherit eternal life. It seems to be more natural to see "inheriting the kingdom" as referencing a future kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Wives, submit to your husbands ##### +Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in light of its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things (known as "egalitarianism"). Other scholars believe men and women were created to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church (known as "complementarianism"). One's understanding of this issue will likely affect how this passage is translated. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ephesians 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/01.md b/eph/06/01.md index f1aefa1386..9675efd62f 100644 --- a/eph/06/01.md +++ b/eph/06/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Children, obey your parents in the Lord ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul is referring to children obeying their physical parents. +Paul continues to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to each other. He gives instructions to children, fathers, workers, and masters. -## that it may be well with you, and you may live long on the earth ## +# General Information: -The pronoun "you" refers to the children of Israel to whom Moses was speaking. AT: "so that you may prosper and live a long life on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) \ No newline at end of file +The first word "your" is plural. Then Paul quotes Moses. Moses was talking to the people of Israel as though they were one person, so "your" and "you" are singular. You may need to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Children, obey your parents in the Lord + +Paul reminds children to obey their physical parents. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/04.md b/eph/06/04.md index c00a710ead..7806c88fc2 100644 --- a/eph/06/04.md +++ b/eph/06/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## And, you fathers, do not provoke your children to anger ## +# do not provoke your children to anger -AT: "You fathers must not do things that will make your children angry" or "You fathers must not cause your children to be angry" +"do not make your children angry" or "do not cause your children to be angry" -## raise them in the discipline and instruction of the Lord ## +# raise them in the discipline and instruction of the Lord -AT: "bring them up in the training and teaching of the Lord" \ No newline at end of file +"help them grow in the training and teaching of the Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/05.md b/eph/06/05.md index e889412934..0d3c0248b2 100644 --- a/eph/06/05.md +++ b/eph/06/05.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## Slaves, be obedient to ## +# be obedient to -AT: "You slaves should obey" +"obey." This is a command. -## and trembling, in the honesty of your heart, as to Christ ## +# deep respect and trembling -AT: "and humble fear, just as you obey Christ" +The phrase "deep respect and trembling" uses two similar ideas to emphasize the importance of honoring their masters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## deep respect and trembling ## +# and trembling -These are two similar ways to show honor towards one's master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here "trembling" is an exaggeration used to emphasize how important it is that slaves obey their masters. AT: "and fear" or "as though you were shaking with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## not only to please them when they are watching you ## +# in the honesty of your heart -AT: "Always work as if you were working for Christ himself, even when your masters are not watching you" +"being completely honest" -## as slaves of Christ himself ## +# as slaves of Christ -Serve your earthly master as if your earthly master was Christ himself. +Serve your earthly master as though your earthly master were Christ himself. -## serving cheerfully as for the Lord and not just for people ## +# Serve with all your heart, as though you were serving the Lord and not people -AT: "Work joyfully since you are working for the Lord and not just for people" - -## remembering that whatever good deed each person does, he will receive a reward from the Lord ## - -AT: "Remember that every good deed a person does will be rewarded by the Lord" \ No newline at end of file +"work joyfully, since you are working for the Lord and not only pleasing people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/09.md b/eph/06/09.md index ecdce14648..493ac2d0d4 100644 --- a/eph/06/09.md +++ b/eph/06/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## do the same things for your slaves, without threatening them ## +# treat your slaves in the same way -AT: "treat your slaves without threats, as Christ would treat them" +"you also must treat your slaves well" or "just as slaves must do good to their masters, you also must do good to your slaves (See: [Ephesians 6:5](./05.md)) -## knowing that he who is both their Master and yours is in heaven ## +# You know that he who is both their Master and yours is in heaven -AT: "because you know that Christ is the Master of both slaves and their masters" +"You know that Christ is the Master of both slaves and their masters, and that he is in heaven" -## and that there is no favoritism with him ## +# there is no favoritism with him -AT: "and he has no favorites" \ No newline at end of file +"he judges everyone the same way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/10.md b/eph/06/10.md index 7cadd8a01e..b53ba161c9 100644 --- a/eph/06/10.md +++ b/eph/06/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## be strong in the Lord and in the strength of his might ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "depend completely on the Lord to give you spiritual strength" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Paul gives instructions to make believers strong in this battle we live for God. -## Put on the whole armor of God, that you may be able to stand against the scheming plans of the devil ## +# the strength of his might -Christians should use all the resources God gives to stand firm against the devil just as a soldier puts on armor to protect himself from enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"his great power." See how "the strength of his power" is translated near the end of [Ephesians 1:21](../01/19.md). + +# Put on the whole armor of God, so that you may be able to stand against the scheming plans of the devil + +Christians should use all the resources God gives to stand firmly against the devil just as a soldier puts on armor to protect himself from enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the scheming plans + +"the tricky plans" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/12.md b/eph/06/12.md index ace1661dcb..e92d86c8e7 100644 --- a/eph/06/12.md +++ b/eph/06/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## flesh and blood ## +# flesh and blood -This expression refers to people, in contrast to spirits who do not have human bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This expression refers to people, not spirits who do not have human bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Therefore put on the whole armor of God ## +# Therefore put on the whole armor of God -Christians should use the protective resources God gives them in fighting the devil in the same way a soldier puts on armor to protect himself against his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Christians should use the protective resources God gives them in fighting the devil in the same way a soldier puts on armor to protect himself against his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that you may be able to stand in this time of evil + +The words "stand firm" represent successfully resisting or fighting something. AT: "so that you may be able to resist evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/14.md b/eph/06/14.md index f956a7d52e..0caae1368d 100644 --- a/eph/06/14.md +++ b/eph/06/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## the belt of truth ## +# Stand, therefore -Truth holds everything together for a believer just as a belt holds all clothing of a soldier together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The words "stand" represents successfully resisting or fighting something. See how you translated "stand firm" in [Ephesians 6:13](./12.md). "So resist evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the breastplate of righteousness ## +# the belt of truth -The gift of righteousness covers a believer's heart just as a breastplate protects the chest of a soldier. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Truth holds everything together for a believer just as a belt holds the clothing of a soldier together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## wear shoes on your feet that are prepared to proclaim the gospel of peace ## +# truth ... righteousness + +We are to know the truth and act in ways that please God. + +# the breastplate of righteousness + +Possible meanings are 1) the gift of righteousness covers a believer's heart just as a breastplate protects the chest of a soldier or 2) our living as God wants us, gives us a clear conscience that protects our hearts the way a breastplate protects a soldier's chest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Then as shoes for your feet, put on the readiness to proclaim the gospel of peace Just as a soldier wears shoes to give him solid footing, the believer must have solid knowledge of the gospel of peace in order to be ready to proclaim it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## always carrying the shield of faith ## +# In all circumstances take up the shield of faith -The faith God gives a believer is to be used for protection when the devil attacks like a shield which a soldier uses to protect from enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The believer must use the faith that God gives for protection when the devil attacks, just as a soldier uses a shield to protect him from enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the flaming arrows of the evil one ## +# the flaming arrows of the evil one The attacks of the devil against a believer are like flaming arrows shot at a soldier by an enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/17.md b/eph/06/17.md index 08cdb73a8b..50045bf110 100644 --- a/eph/06/17.md +++ b/eph/06/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## And take the helmet of salvation ## +# take the helmet of salvation Salvation given by God protects the believer's mind just as a helmet protects the head of a soldier. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God ## +# the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God The word of God, inspired by the Holy Spirit, is to be used to fight against and defend the believer from the devil just as a soldier uses his sword to fight and defend against enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## through every prayer and request praying at all times in the Spirit ## +# With every prayer and request, pray at all times in the Spirit -AT: "Pray at all times in the Spirit as you pray and make specific requests" +"Pray at all times in the Spirit as you pray and make specific requests" -## with all perseverance and prayer for all those set apart for God ## +# To this end -AT: "with constant alertness and prayer for all the believers" \ No newline at end of file +"For this reason" or "Keeping this in mind." This refers to the attitude of taking God's armor. + +# be watching with all perseverance, as you offer prayers for all God's holy people + +"persevere in being alert, and pray for all God's holy people" or "pray with constant alertness for all the believers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/19.md b/eph/06/19.md index 23e02694b5..d49288c963 100644 --- a/eph/06/19.md +++ b/eph/06/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## that the word might be given to me ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "that God might give me the word" or "God might give me the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +In his closing, Paul asks them to pray for his boldness in telling the gospel while he is in prison and says he is sending Tychicus to comfort them. -## when I open my mouth to make known with boldness ## +# that a message might be given to me -AT: "when I speak to boldly make known" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God might give me the word" or "God might give me the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for which I am an ambassador in chains ## +# when I open my mouth. Pray that I might make known with boldness -AT: "I am now in prison because I am a representative of the gospel" +"when I speak. Pray that I boldly explain" -## that in my imprisonment I may speak boldly as I ought to speak ## +# open my mouth -AT: "that I may speak God's message as boldly as I should here in prison" \ No newline at end of file +This is a metonym for speaking. AT: "speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# It is for the gospel that I am an ambassador who is kept in chains + +The words "in chains" are a metonym for being in prison. AT: "I am now in prison because I am a representative of the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that I may declare it boldly, as I ought to speak + +The word "pray" is understood from verse 19. AT: "so pray that whenever I teach the gospel, I will speak it as boldly as I should" or "pray that I may speak the gospel as boldly as I should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/21.md b/eph/06/21.md index 713bb96101..ee5717fcea 100644 --- a/eph/06/21.md +++ b/eph/06/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## my affairs ## +# Tychicus -AT: “my situation” or “my circumstances” - -## Tychicus ## - -Tychicus was one of several men who served with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## will make known to you everything ## - -AT: "will tell you everything" (See UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Tychicus was one of several men who served with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/23.md b/eph/06/23.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4b5ef08b20 --- /dev/null +++ b/eph/06/23.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul closes his letter to the Ephesian believers with a blessing of peace and grace on all believers who love Christ. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/06/intro.md b/eph/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f61101c791 --- /dev/null +++ b/eph/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Ephesians 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Slavery ##### +This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. Paul's teaching on slavery would have been rather radical during his time because masters were not expected to treat their slaves in such a pleasant way. Overall, Paul's focus is on living in a way that pleases God despite the circumstances of one's life. Remember, Paul is in prison when he writes these words. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Armor of God ##### +This is an extended metaphor describing how Christians can protect themselves from spiritual "attacks" in their daily lives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ephesians 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/front/intro.md b/eph/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..57e8a47a34 --- /dev/null +++ b/eph/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +# Introduction to Ephesians # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Ephesians #### + +1. Greeting and prayer for the spiritual blessings in Christ (1:1-23) +1. Sin and salvation (2:1-10) +1. Unity and peace (2:11-22) +1. Mystery of Christ in you, made known (3:1-13) +1. Prayer for riches of his glory to make them strong (3:14-21) +1. Unity of the Spirit, building up the Body of Christ (4:1-16) +1. New life (4:17-32) +1. Imitators of God (5:1-21) +1. Wives and husbands; children and parents; slaves and masters (5:22-6:9) +1. Armor of God (6:10-20) +1. Final greeting (6:21-24) + +#### What is the Book of Ephesians about? #### + +Paul wrote this letter to the Christians in Ephesus in order to encourage them. He wanted to explain to them God's love for them in Christ Jesus. He also wanted to describe the relationship of love and trust that they now had with God and the blessings that God was giving them because they were now united with Christ. Some of these blessings were the love and unity that God gave them to have with each other. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title "Ephesians," or "Paul's Letter to the Church in Ephesus," or "A Letter to the Christians in Ephesus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### What was Paul's relationship to the church in Ephesus? #### + +The Apostle Paul helped to establish the church in Ephesus earlier in his ministry. He also lived in Ephesus for a year and a half and helped the church during this time. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was the "hidden truth" that Paul mentions in the Book of Ephesians? #### + +Paul uses six times the expression translated in the ULB as "hidden truth." By it Paul always means something that is very important that God had to reveal to human beings because they could not know it on their own. It always refers to something about God's plan of salvation: either his plan to bring unity to mankind through Christ or his plan to bring mankind to himself. Sometimes he means by it the fact that the Gentiles are now able to benefit from the promises of Christ as equals with the Jews. + +#### What is the relationship between salvation and righteous living? #### + +This is a major theme of this letter and many of Paul's letters in general. Christians have been shown great grace by God because they have placed their faith in Jesus. After they come to know God, their righteous living demonstrates faith in Christ instead of obedience to the Law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Singular and plural "you" #### +In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. The word "you" is almost always plural and refers to the believers who may read this letter. The three exceptions to this are: 5:14, 6:2, and 6:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +#### What does Paul mean by the "new self" or the "new man"? #### + +Paul means to say that a believer in Christ is given a new nature by the Holy Spirit, God's nature (See: 4:24). This is similar to God's action in bringing Jews and non-Jews together and so creating a new people, a people belonging to himself (See: 2:15). + +#### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in Ephesians ULB? #### + +The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, Ephesians ULB uses the following principles: +* Sometimes the context mainly implies moral holiness. Especially important for understanding the gospel is the use of "hagios" to express the fact that God views Christians as sinless because they are united to Jesus Christ. Another use of "hagios" is to express the idea that God is perfect and faultless. A third use is to express the idea that Christians are to conduct themselves in a blameless, faultless manner in life. In these cases, the ULB uses "holy," "holy God," "holy ones," or "holy people." (See: 3:5) +* Sometimes the context mainly indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULB uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 4:12; 5:3; 6:18) +* Sometimes the context mainly implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULB uses "set apart," "dedicated to," or "reserved for." (See: 1:1; 3:5) + +As translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions, they will often be helped by the choices made in the ULB. + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +This kind of expression occurs in 1:1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 20; 2:6, 7, 10, 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22; 3:5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 21; 4:1, 17, 21, 32; 5:8, 18, 19; 6:1, 10, 18, 21. Paul means to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Ephesians? #### + +The text of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of manuscripts that many believe are more accurate. The following are the most significant issues in the Book of Ephesians: + +* Some early manuscripts omit "in Ephesus" (1:1) but this expression is probably in the original letter. The ULB, UDB, and many modern versions have it. +* "because we are members of his body" (5:30). Most modern versions, including the ULB and UDB, read in this way. Some older versions read, "because we are members of his body and of his bones." Translators might decide to choose the second reading if other versions in their area have it. If translators do choose the second reading, they should put the additional words inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they are probably not original to the Book of Ephesians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/01.md b/est/01/01.md index 40a18151f7..fa96074fc6 100644 --- a/est/01/01.md +++ b/est/01/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## In the days of Ahasuerus ## +# In the days of Ahasuerus -"In the time of Ahasuerus" or "When Ahasuerus was ruling as king". +"In the time of Ahasuerus" or "When Ahasuerus was ruling as king" -## 127 ## +# this is Ahasuerus who reigned from India as far as Cush, over 127 provinces -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This is background information to help the reader identify Ahasuerus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## provinces ## +# 127 -A “province” is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. +"one hundred and twenty-seven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## fortress ## +# provinces -A castle, stronghold or fortified camp. +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. -## Susa ## +# sat on his royal throne -A Royal City of Persian Kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "royal throne" may refer to his rule over the kingdom. AT: "ruled the empire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fortress + +This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. + +# Susa + +This was a royal city of Persian kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/03.md b/est/01/03.md index d06920688f..a09e9fcbd5 100644 --- a/est/01/03.md +++ b/est/01/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## third year ## +# In the third year of his reign -"after 2 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"After he had ruled for 2 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## 180 ## +# The army -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This likely refers to the leaders of the army. AT: "The officers of the army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the wealth of the splendor of his kingdom + +These words have similar meaning and emphasize how great his kingdom was. AT: "the great wealth of his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the honor of the glory of his greatness + +These words have similar meaning and emphasize how great he was. AT: "the splendor of his greatness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# 180 days + +"one hundred and eighty days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/05.md b/est/01/05.md index 681c492a89..623029290d 100644 --- a/est/01/05.md +++ b/est/01/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## seven ## +# When these days were completed + +"At the end of that feast" + +# a feast lasting seven days + +This was a second feast that was only for the officials in Susa. AT: "another feast that lasted seven days" + +# seven "7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## palace ## +# fortress -Use the same word or phrase used in [Esther 1:1](./01.md). +This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city.See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](./01.md). -## Susa ## +# Susa -Use the same word or phrase used in [Esther 1:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a mosaic pavement + +A "mosaic" consists of colored stones arranged in an attractive pattern. + +# porphyry + +This is a kind of red and purple rock that contained pieces of crystal. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/07.md b/est/01/07.md index 8e6fa05e2d..57fcd8b277 100644 --- a/est/01/07.md +++ b/est/01/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## generosity ## +# Drinks were served in golden cups -"great willingness to give" or "freely offering what one has" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The guests drank wine from gold cups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The king had given orders to all the staff of his palace to do for them whatever each guest desired ## +# there was much royal wine that came because of the king's generosity -This statement means that the king told his workers to give all the guests what they wanted. \ No newline at end of file +"the king was very generous with the royal wine" + +# generosity + +"great willingness to give" + +# There must be no compulsion + +"No one must be forced to drink" + +# The king had given orders to all the staff of his palace to do for them whatever each guest desired + +This statement means that the king told his workers to give all the guests as much wine as they wanted. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/09.md b/est/01/09.md index f3af982cde..1f51dc2e09 100644 --- a/est/01/09.md +++ b/est/01/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## On the seventh day ## +# On the seventh day "After 6 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## when the king's heart was feeling happy because of the wine ## +# the king's heart was feeling happy because of the wine -"after the king was drunk with wine" +Here "heart" refers to the king, and "feeling happy" is an idiom that means he was drunk. AT: "the king was drunk with wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, Abagtha, Zethar, and Carcas ## +# Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, Abagtha, Zethar, and Karkas -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## seven ## +# the seven officials who served before him -"7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is background information to explain who these men were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# her features were stunning + +"she was very beautiful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/12.md b/est/01/12.md index 03f9a29f38..a8d117070d 100644 --- a/est/01/12.md +++ b/est/01/12.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# at the word of the king that had been brought to her by the officials + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the king's officials told her about his command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# at the word + +"at the command" + +# his rage burned within him + +The intensity of the king's anger is spoken of as if it was a fire that burned inside him. AT: "his rage was as intense as a fire inside him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/13.md b/est/01/13.md index 76c73a0d9c..ac043c011c 100644 --- a/est/01/13.md +++ b/est/01/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan ## +# who understood the times -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"who understood the things that happened in their lives" -## seven ## +# for this was the king's procedure toward all who were expert in law and judgment + +This background information explains why the king called these men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Karshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memukan + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# seven "7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## In compliance with the law ## +# In compliance with the law ... by the officials? + +It may be helpful to state who asked this question. AT: The king said to them, "In compliance with the law ... by the officials?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# In compliance with the law "In observance of the law" or "In obedience to the law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/16.md b/est/01/16.md index bd1b82312c..e1ab1df4ba 100644 --- a/est/01/16.md +++ b/est/01/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Memucan ## +# Memukan -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Translate his name as in [Esther 1:14](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## provinces ## +# all the officials and all the people ... all the provinces ... all women -Use the same word or phrase used in [Esther 1:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +These are exaggerations to emphasize the damage that the queen's refusal caused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# provinces + +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](./01.md). + +# There will be much contempt and anger + +"They will be angry with their husbands and treat them with contempt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/19.md b/est/01/19.md index 99ec8c5d0a..89c5eaf6de 100644 --- a/est/01/19.md +++ b/est/01/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## vast ## +# Connecting Statement: -"big" or "huge" \ No newline at end of file +Meremoth continues to answer the king. + +# If it pleases the king ... from him ... before him ... Let the king ... the king's decree ... his vast kingdom + +Meremoth speaks to the king in third person as a form of respect. AT: If it pleases your Majesty ... from you ... before you ... Please ... your decree ... your vast kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# which cannot be repealed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which no one can change" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When the king's decree is proclaimed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When they hear the king's decree" or "When they hear what you have commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# vast + +"big" or "huge" + +# from the greatest to the least significant + +This is a merism that refers to both extremes and everyone in between. This probably refers to the husbands, but it is possible that it refers to the wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/21.md b/est/01/21.md index 66607e9108..de3f5dd1af 100644 --- a/est/01/21.md +++ b/est/01/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Memucan ## +# Memukan -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Translate his name as in [Esther 1:14](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## province ## +# province -Use the same word or phrase used in [Esther 1:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](./01.md). + +# every man should be master of his own household + +"all men should have complete authority over their wives and their children" + +# This decree was given + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They wrote this decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/01/intro.md b/est/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..978a7ae8f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/est/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Esther 01 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The king's divorce ##### + +The king's advisers were afraid that husbands would lose their authority when they heard the queen had refused to come to show her beauty to the king's guests; so the advisers told him to divorce her. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Esther intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/01.md b/est/02/01.md index 482de577e6..7f5b4699e1 100644 --- a/est/02/01.md +++ b/est/02/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## the decree ## +# After these things -This is referring to the decree in [Esther 1:19](../01/19.md). \ No newline at end of file +This introduces a new event that happened a while later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# the anger of King Ahasuerus subsided + +"the king became less angry" + +# the decree + +This is refers to the decree in [Esther 1:19-20](../01/19.md). + +# Let a search be made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Tell your servants to search" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on the king's behalf + +The men speak to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. AT: "on your behalf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/03.md b/est/02/03.md index c923e8e3b3..2d50fac10a 100644 --- a/est/02/03.md +++ b/est/02/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## provinces ## +# Connecting Statement: -Use the same word or phrase used in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). +The young servants continue to speak to the king. -## harem ## +# Let the king ... the king's official ... pleases the king -"place where a ruler's wives are kept" (UDB) +The servants spoke to the king in third person as a sign of respect. AT: "You should ... your official ... pleases you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## palace ## +# provinces -Use the same word or phrase used in [Esther 1:5](../01/05.md). +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). -## Susa ## +# harem -Use the same word or phrase used in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"place where a ruler's wives are kept" -## Hegai ## +# the fortress -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). -## their cosmetics ## +# Susa + +See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Let them be put under the care of Hegai, the king's official, who is in charge of the women + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let Hegai, the king's official, who is in charge of the women, take care of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Hegai + +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# their cosmetics A "cosmetic" is a substance such as a cream, lotion, or powder that women usually put on their face or body to improve their appearance. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/05.md b/est/02/05.md index dff5c254dc..8065fe7c6b 100644 --- a/est/02/05.md +++ b/est/02/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Susa ## +# There was a certain Jew -Use the same name used in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This introduces Mordecai as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## son of Jair, son of Shimei, son of Kish ## +# Susa -"Jair", "Shimei", and "Kish" are the men from whom "Mordecai" is the male descendant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Translate the name of this city as in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Benjaminite ## +# son of Jair son of Shimei son of Kish -"of the tribe of Benjamin" (UDB) +"Jair," "Shimei," and "Kish" are men from whom "Mordecai" is the male descendant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jeconiah ## +# Benjamite -"Jeconiah" is another name for "King Jehoiachin." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"of the tribe of Benjamin" + +# He had been taken away ... king of Babylonia carried away + +This background information explains how Mordecai came to live in Susa. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia carried him and other exiles away along with Jehoiachin, king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He had been taken away from Jerusalem + +The Hebrew text leaves unclear who is being spoken of here. It is perhaps Kish, who seems to have been the great-grandfather of Mordecai. If it was Mordecai himself, then he would be extremely old at the time of the events concerning Esther. Many modern versions leave this matter unclear. A few versions, including the UDB, choose to assume that it was Mordecai who had been taken away from Jerusalem. + +# Jehoiachin, king of Judah + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/07.md b/est/02/07.md index 9ad08b74bf..5029cbf2cc 100644 --- a/est/02/07.md +++ b/est/02/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Hadassah ## +# Connecting Statement: -This is "Esther's" Hebrew name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This continues the background information about Mordecai and explains his relationship to Esther. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## his uncle's daughter ## +# Hadassah -"his cousin" (UDB) +This is Esther's Hebrew name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## she had neither father nor mother ## +# his uncle's daughter -"her father and mother died" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"his cousin" + +# she had neither father nor mother + +"her father and mother had died" + +# took her as his own daughter + +"cared for her as if she was his own daughter" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/08.md b/est/02/08.md index d3d874bf69..a9689e4a1e 100644 --- a/est/02/08.md +++ b/est/02/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## proclaimed ## +# When the king's order and decree were proclaimed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "After the king commanded that they search for some beautiful women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# proclaimed "announced" -## palace ## +# many young women were brought -Use the same word or phrase used in [Esther 1:5](../01/05.md). \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they brought many young women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They were put under Hegai's care + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Hegai began to take care of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Esther also was taken into the king's palace and put under the care of Hegai, the overseer of the women + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Hegai, the overseer of the women, also began to take care of Esther when they brought her to the king's palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# palace + +See how you translated this in [Esther 1:5](../01/05.md). + +# The young girl pleased him, and she found favor with him + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how much she pleased him. AT: "The young girl greatly pleased him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# The young girl + +"Esther" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/10.md b/est/02/10.md index 13e84959a7..cb707a7c03 100644 --- a/est/02/10.md +++ b/est/02/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## about Esther's welfare ## +# about Esther's welfare "how Esther was doing" or "about Esther's well-being" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/12.md b/est/02/12.md index 69c605deb2..4e89f17cd6 100644 --- a/est/02/12.md +++ b/est/02/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## complying with the regulations for the women, ## +# General Information: + +Verses 12-14 are background information about the customs for the women who became the king's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# complying with the regulations for the women "acting in accordance with the requirements for the women" -## beauty treatments ## +# beauty treatments Things done to make the girls look more beautiful and smell good. -## cosmetics ## +# cosmetics Use the same word or phrase used in [Esther 2:3](./03.md). -## palace ## +# whatever she desired was given to her -Use the same word used in [Esther 1:5](../01/05.md). \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "she could take whatever she desired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# palace + +See how you translated this in [Esther 1:5](../01/05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/14.md b/est/02/14.md index ae99ebec3a..18d6a062a5 100644 --- a/est/02/14.md +++ b/est/02/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## in the morning ## +# Connecting Statement: -"the next morning" (UDB) The "next" is implied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This continues the background information that began in [Esther 2:12](./12.md) about the customs for the women who became the king's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## second house ## +# in the morning + +It is implied that this is the following morning. This information can be made clear. AT: "the next morning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# second house "a different house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## custody ## +# custody -"supervision" or "protection" (UDB) +"supervision" or "protection" -## Shaashgaz ## +# Shaashgaz -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/15.md b/est/02/15.md index 1bdd7447ba..2ed75700eb 100644 --- a/est/02/15.md +++ b/est/02/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Abihail ## +# Now when the time came -"Abihail" was Esther's father and Mordecai's uncle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This introduces a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Hegai ## +# daughter of Abihail, the uncle of Mordecai, who had taken her as his own daughter -Use the same name used in [Esther 2:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This background information reminds the reader of Esther's relationship to Mordecai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## tenth month ## +# Abihail -"month number 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"Abihail" was Esther's father and Mordecai's uncle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Tebeth ## +# she did not ask for anything but what -"Tebeth" was the Babylonian name for the month December-January. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "she asked only for what" -## seventh year ## +# Hegai -"year number 7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 2:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# received the favor of all + +This is an idiom. AT: "pleased all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the tenth month, which is the month of Tebeth + +"Tebeth" is the name of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part December and the first part January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# seventh year + +"year number 7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/17.md b/est/02/17.md index 0da1153cff..ad90fe7429 100644 --- a/est/02/17.md +++ b/est/02/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## The king loved ## +# The king loved -This is the romantic use of the word "love". +This is the romantic use of the word "love." -## taxation ## +# received acceptance and favor before him + +These idioms mean the same thing and emphasize how much the Esther pleased the king. AT: "greatly pleased him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# set the royal crown on her head + +The king did this to show that he was making her his queen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# "Esther's feast," + +It may be helpful to state that this is the name of the feast. AT: "he called it, 'Esther's feast,'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# taxation "the collection of taxes" -## provinces ## +# provinces -Use the same word or phrase used in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md) \ No newline at end of file +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# royal generosity + +"generosity that only a king can give" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/19.md b/est/02/19.md index d6ed458b64..188af4f861 100644 --- a/est/02/19.md +++ b/est/02/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## a second time ## +# when the virgins had been gathered together a second time + +It is unclear when this second gathering happened, and why. Therefore some versions have altered the text somewhat. It is probably best to translate it as it is written. + +# a second time "one more time" or "an additional time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## instructed her ## +# Mordecai was sitting at the king's gate -"told her" +Possible meanings are 1) Mordecai sat there so he could hear how Esther was doing from the many people who passed through the gate or 2) "sitting at the king's gate" is an idiom that means Mordecai was given a position of authority by the king. -## Bigthan and Teresh ## +# the king's gate -These were the names of two of the royal guards. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the gate to the king's palace" + +# as Mordecai had instructed her + +Mordecai told her not to tell anyone about her family. + +# In those days + +This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# Bigthana and Teresh + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/22.md b/est/02/22.md index 9c42484c8b..f382e839fb 100644 --- a/est/02/22.md +++ b/est/02/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## gallows ## +# When the matter was revealed to Mordecai -a structure from which a person is “hanged” by putting a rope around his neck and suspending his body without any support from below. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When Mordecai learned about what they were planning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the name of Mordecai + +This is an idiom. AT: "on behalf of Mordecai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The report was investigated and confirmed, and both the men were hanged + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The king investigated and confirmed the report, and ordered his servants to hang both men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a gallows + +This was a structure used for killing people by tying one end of a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around their necks and hanging them from it. AT: "a frame for hanging people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# This account was written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They recorded this account" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/02/intro.md b/est/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6b3a7bad50 --- /dev/null +++ b/est/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Esther 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Esther becomes queen ##### + +Esther was humble and took the advice of the royal officials about how to dress for her time with the king. The king chose Esther to be the new queen. + +##### Mordecai warns the king against a plot ##### + +Esther's cousin, Mordecai, discovered that two men planned to kill the king. He told Esther, who then told the king. She also gave Mordecai credit for telling her. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/01.md b/est/03/01.md index 640467cf94..e7d7bb2811 100644 --- a/est/03/01.md +++ b/est/03/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite ## +# After these things -This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king's officials. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## placed his seat of authority ## +# Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite -"promoted him" +This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king's officials. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## prostrated themselves to Haman ## +# placed his seat of authority above all the officials who were with him + +Here "seat of authority" represents his position or status in the government. AT: "promoted him above the other officials" or "gave him more authority than all the other officials" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# knelt ... prostrated + +These acts represent submission to the authority of Haman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# prostrated themselves to Haman "humbled themselves and lay flat on the ground before Haman" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/03.md b/est/03/03.md index 08fce29dfd..1da2c0d883 100644 --- a/est/03/03.md +++ b/est/03/03.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# to see if the matter about Mordecai would remain like that + +"to find out what Haman would do about Mordecai's actions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/05.md b/est/03/05.md index 739c21fac3..554ba198fb 100644 --- a/est/03/05.md +++ b/est/03/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## He had contempt for the idea of killing only Mordecai ## +# did not kneel and bow down -"He rejected the idea of killing just Mordecai" +Mordecai showed disrespect for Haman's status in the government by not doing these actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## exterminate all the Jews ## +# Haman was filled with rage -"get rid of all the Jews" or "eliminate all the Jews" \ No newline at end of file +Here Haman's rage is spoken of as something that could fill him up. AT: "Haman became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He had contempt for the idea of killing only Mordecai + +"He rejected the idea of killing just Mordecai." This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "He decided to kill more than just Mordecai" + +# exterminate all the Jews + +"get rid of all the Jews" or "kill all the Jews" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/07.md b/est/03/07.md index ca51ca259c..36e7f63cf3 100644 --- a/est/03/07.md +++ b/est/03/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## In the first month ## +# In the first month -"In month number 1" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"In month one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Nisan ## +# which is the month of Nisan -The name of the first month in the calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Nisan" is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in the twelfth year ## +# in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus -"in year number 12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"in year number 12 of King Ahasuerus" or "when King Ahasuerus had reigned for about twelve years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## threw Pur ## +# the Pur—that is the lot—was thrown -"cast lots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"they cast the Pur—that is the lot—" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the twelfth month ## +# the twelfth month -"month number 12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"month twelve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Adar ## +# the month of Adar -The name for the twelfth month. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Adar" is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of February and the first part of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/08.md b/est/03/08.md index 6e980d207d..5219ec4d5f 100644 --- a/est/03/08.md +++ b/est/03/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## a certain people ## +# a certain people -"a group of people" +"a group of people" This refers to the Jews as an ethnic group. -## provinces ## +# scattered and distributed -Use the same word or phrase as used in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md) +"who live in many different places" -## ten thousand talents of silver ## +# provinces -"10,000 talents of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# the king's ... the king + +Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. AT: "your ... you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# it is not suitable for the king to let them stay + +"the king should not let them remain." This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "the king should remove them" + +# I will weigh out ... into the hands of those + +Here "hands" stands for the men. To "weigh out" is an idiom that means to pay them. AT: "I will pay ... to the men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# ten thousand talents of silver + +"330 metric tons of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/10.md b/est/03/10.md index 3f5e8c2375..0d2e2f2371 100644 --- a/est/03/10.md +++ b/est/03/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## signet ring ## +# signet ring -a special ring that could be used to imprint the King's official seal on a proclamation. \ No newline at end of file +a special ring that could be used to imprint the king's official seal on a proclamation + +# I will see that the money is given back to you + +The meaning of this phrase is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) "I will return the money to you" or 2) "Take the money and give it to the men just as you have said." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/12.md b/est/03/12.md index 081965717d..98533f8ede 100644 --- a/est/03/12.md +++ b/est/03/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## thirteenth day of the first month ## +# the king's scribes were summoned ... a decree containing all that Haman had commanded was written -"day number 13 of the month number 1" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the king summoned his scribes ... they wrote a decree containing all that Haman had commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## king's provincial governors ## +# thirteenth day of the first month -"governors of the provinces" Use the same word or phrase for province as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The thirteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## thirteenth day of the twelfth month ## +# king's provincial governors -"day number 13 of the month number 12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"governors of the provinces." Translate "province" as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). -## Adar ## +# It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and was sealed with his ring -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They wrote the decree in the name of King Ahasuerus and Haman sealed it with the king's signet ring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the name of + +Here "name" represents the authority of the king. AT: "in the authority of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# hand-delivered + +This idiom means they personally delivered the letters. AT: "personally delivered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# annihilate, kill, and destroy + +These words mean the same thing and emphasize the completeness of the destruction. AT: "completely destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# thirteenth day of the twelfth month + +"day thirteen of month twelve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# which is the month of Adar + +"Adar" is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. The thirteenth day is near the beginning of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# plunder + +"take away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/14.md b/est/03/14.md index a2f21d62ff..10c3d18b2b 100644 --- a/est/03/14.md +++ b/est/03/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## province ## +# A copy of the letter was made law in every province -Use the same word or phrase as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The officials in every province made a copy of the letter become the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Susa ## +# province -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). -## was in turmoil ## +# In every province it was made known to all the people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They told all the people in every province" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this day + +"that day" + +# The decree was also distributed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They also distributed the decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the fortress + +This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). + +# Susa + +See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# was in turmoil "was in a state of great confusion" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/03/intro.md b/est/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a8d08a59fd --- /dev/null +++ b/est/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Esther 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Haman plots against the Jews ##### + +Mordecai considered prostrating himself before Haman. This would be considered to be worship. It was wrong to worship someone other than Yahweh. Because of this, he refused to do it on religious grounds. This made Haman angry so he decided to kill all the Jews in the Persian Empire. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/04/01.md b/est/04/01.md index 95384e05cb..047bd70b7e 100644 --- a/est/04/01.md +++ b/est/04/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## province ## +# learned of all that had been done -Use the same word or phrase as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +"found out about those letters" + +# tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes + +These acts are signs of severe sadness. AT: "tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes to show his grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# province + +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# there was great mourning among the Jews + +"the Jews mourned greatly" + +# Many of them lay in sackcloth and ashes + +"Many of them were on the ground, dressed in sackcloth and sitting in ashes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/04/04.md b/est/04/04.md index 9b6588075e..5b64dff1b5 100644 --- a/est/04/04.md +++ b/est/04/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## anguish ## +# young women and her servants -"great suffering" +"female servants and male servants" -## Hathach ## +# to clothe Mordecai -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"for Mordecai to wear" + +# Hathak + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# one of the king's officials who had been assigned to serve her + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "one of the officials whom the king had assigned to serve her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/04/06.md b/est/04/06.md index a2282b8dde..f92d2280b8 100644 --- a/est/04/06.md +++ b/est/04/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Hathach ## +# Hathak -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 4:5](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the city square ## +# the city square -"the plaza" +"the city plaza" -## Haman ## +# Haman -Use the same name as used in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He also gave him + +"Mordecai also gave Hathak" + +# to beg for his favor + +"to beg for the king's favor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/04/09.md b/est/04/09.md index 1c388e46d9..f3d2ff0c15 100644 --- a/est/04/09.md +++ b/est/04/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## thirty days ## +# if any man or woman goes to the king ... the king holds out the golden scepter + +This conditional clause can be expressed as a statement. It may also be helpful to divide it into two sentences. AT: "no man or woman is allowed to go to the king inside the inner courtyard unless the king summons them. The person who breaks this law will be executed unless the king holds out his golden scepter to him" + +# thirty days "30 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/04/13.md b/est/04/13.md index 0200c234d5..4369fa6027 100644 --- a/est/04/13.md +++ b/est/04/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this? ## +# relief and rescue will rise up for the Jews from another place -The purpose of this question is to have Esther think deeply about her role in this situation. AT: "Who knows, perhaps it was for just for a time like this that you were made queen." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "relief" and "rescue" are spoken of as if they are living things that can rise up. AT: "someone else will rise up from another place and rescue the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this? + +The purpose of this question is to have Esther think deeply about her role in this situation. AT: "Who knows, perhaps it was for just for a time like this that you were made queen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/04/15.md b/est/04/15.md index 654d188923..8599a68f3b 100644 --- a/est/04/15.md +++ b/est/04/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Susa ## +# Susa -Translate as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## three days ## +# fast for me ... will fast -"3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +Fasting was a symbolic act that the Jews did when they were praying intensely. This can be made explicit. AT: "fast and pray for me ... will fast and pray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# three days + +"3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/04/intro.md b/est/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..78c98e6ff2 --- /dev/null +++ b/est/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Esther 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Mordecai warns Esther to act ##### + +Mordecai tells Esther she must beg the king for the Jews' lives, even if she risks her own death. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Implicit information ##### + +There is implicit information translators may not understand. "Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this?" This means "maybe God made you the queen so you could save the Jews." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/05/01.md b/est/05/01.md index cd7cdfd752..e9dae94376 100644 --- a/est/05/01.md +++ b/est/05/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## three days ## +# facing the entrance to the house -"3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"across the room from the entrance of the house" or "looking toward the entrance to the house" + +# she received approval in his eyes + +The word "eyes" refers to his sight and is a metaphor for his evaluation of her. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he was pleased with her" or "he approved of her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He held out to her the golden scepter in his hand + +He did this to show that he he was pleased with her. + +# touched the tip of the scepter + +She probably did this to to show that she respected his authority and was thankful for his kindness to her. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/05/03.md b/est/05/03.md index b1f21c85c0..b65505108a 100644 --- a/est/05/03.md +++ b/est/05/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Haman ## +# Up to half of my kingdom, it will be given to you -Translate as in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If you ask for up to half of my kingdom, I will give it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for him ## +# If it pleases the king, let the king and Haman come ... for him -"for the king" \ No newline at end of file +In order to show respect to a king, people sometimes did not call him "you." This can be translated with the word "you" along with other words that show respect. AT: "O King, if it pleases you, come and bring Haman ... for you" or "If you are willing to do this, Sir, come, and let Haman come with you .. for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Haman + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/05/05.md b/est/05/05.md index 509d3ea55d..992ddaf37b 100644 --- a/est/05/05.md +++ b/est/05/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## petition ## +# What is your petition -"request of the king" +The abstract noun "petition" can be expressed with the verb "ask for" or "want"? AT: "What do you ask for?" or "What do you want?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## it will be granted ## +# It will be granted you -"your request will be granted" \ No newline at end of file +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "I will give you what you ask for" or "I will do for you what you ask" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# What is your request + +The abstract noun "request" can be expressed with the verb "ask for" or "want"? AT: "What do you ask for?" or "What do you want?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Up to half of the kingdom, it will be granted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If you ask for up to half of my kingdom, I will give it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/05/07.md b/est/05/07.md index 6a4d7704ce..07ac3555c7 100644 --- a/est/05/07.md +++ b/est/05/07.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# My petition and my request + +The words "petition" and "request" mean the same thing. She probably used these words together as a way of speaking very formally and respectfully to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# if I have found favor in the eyes of the king and if it pleases the king + +In order to show respect to a king, people sometimes did not call him "you." This can be translated with the word "you" along with other words that show respect. AT: "if you are pleased with me, O King, and if it pleases you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# if I have found favor in the eyes of the king + +"Find favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. "In the eyes of the king" is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "if the king evaluates me and approves" or "if the king is pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let the king and Haman come + +This can be translated with the word "you" along with other words that show respect. AT: "please come and bring Haman" or "please come and let Haman come with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will answer the king's question + +This can be translated with the word "you" along with other words that show respect. AT: "I will answer your question" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/05/09.md b/est/05/09.md index d8e9f2b89d..2915f90cf5 100644 --- a/est/05/09.md +++ b/est/05/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## rage ## +# Mordecai neither rose up -"great anger" +Rising was a sign of respect. Mordecai did not give Haman special respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Zeresh ## +# he was filled with rage -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Being "filled with rage" represents being very angry. AT: he was extremely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Nevertheless + +This can be translated with a phrase. "Even though he was so angry" + +# Haman restrained himself + +Restraining himself represents refusing to do something that he wanted very much to do. Haman wanted to show Mordecai that he was very angry. AT: "Haman refused to show how angry he was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Zeresh + +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Haman recounted to them the splendor of his riches + +"Splendor" and "riches" are both abstract nouns. AT: "Haman told them about how great his wealth was" or "Haman told them about the many great things he owned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# all the promotions by which the king honored him + +The abstract noun "promotion" can be expressed with the verb "promote." It means that the king gave him more important work. AT: "How the king had promoted him many times and honored him" or "how the king had honored him many times by giving him more important work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# how he had advanced above all the officials and the servants of the king + +Advancing above people represents becoming more important than them. AT: "how he had become more important than all the officials and the servants of the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/05/12.md b/est/05/12.md index 1525fe466d..4c53b2ec66 100644 --- a/est/05/12.md +++ b/est/05/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## is worth nothing to me ## +# no one else but me + +This can be expressed positively. AT: "only me" + +# is worth nothing to me "does not make me happy" or "does not satisfy me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/05/14.md b/est/05/14.md index 08f0dff808..446e7938d6 100644 --- a/est/05/14.md +++ b/est/05/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## gallows ## +# a gallows -Translate as in [Esther 2:22](../02/22.md). +a structure used for killing a person by tying one end of a a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around the person's neck and hanging him from it. See how you translated this in [Esther 2:23](../02/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## fifty cubits ## +# fifty cubits high -"50 cubits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) \ No newline at end of file +"50 cubits high." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "twenty-three meters high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# he had the gallows constructed + +"he told people to construct the gallows" + +# This pleased Haman + +"Haman liked this idea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/05/intro.md b/est/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5673dd5888 --- /dev/null +++ b/est/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Esther 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a section about Haman's fall (Chapters 5-7). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Esther's respect ##### +Esther approached the king with the utmost of respect. By doing this, her character became respected by the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/06/01.md b/est/06/01.md index 4934ad0254..b7627ad591 100644 --- a/est/06/01.md +++ b/est/06/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Bigthana and Teresh ## +# Bigthana and Teresh -Translate as in [Esther 2:19](../02/19.md) +These are the names of two men. See how your translated their names in [Esther 2:21](../02/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## two of the king's officials ## +# It was found recorded there -"2 of the king's officials" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Here "found" is an metaphor for learning. Both "found" and "recorded" can be expressed in active form. AT: "They found that the writers had recorded there" or "They learned that the writers had written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## "Nothing was done for him." ## +# What was done to give honor -"The king did not do anything for Mordecai." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "What did I do to give honor" or "What did we do to give honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Nothing was done for him + +This can be expressed in active form. However it may be good to find a way that does not give the impression that servants were accusing the king. AT: "No one did anything for Mordecai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/06/04.md b/est/06/04.md index fb6b33c600..43cd95fd08 100644 --- a/est/06/04.md +++ b/est/06/04.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## Haman ## +# Haman -Translate as in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md) +See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md) -## outer courtyard ## +# the outer courtyard -"first courtyard from the outside" +"the first courtyard from the outside" -## hanging Mordecai ## +# hanging Mordecai -"putting Mordecai to death by hanging" +It can be made clear what the purpose of hanging him was. AT: "killing Mordecai by hanging him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## gallows ## +# the gallows he set up for him -Translate as in [Esther 2:22](../02/22.md). +The gallows was a structure that was used to kill people by hanging them from it. See how you translated "gallows" in [Esther 5:14](../05/14.md). AT: "the structure Haman set up for hanging Mordecai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## set up ## +# set up "built" -## said in his heart ## +# What should be done for the man whom the king takes pleasure in honoring -AT: "thought to himself" or "said to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the king speaks of himself in the third person. This can be stated in first person and in active form. AT: "What should I do for the man whom I take pleasure in honoring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## "Whom would the king take pleasure in honoring more than me?" ## +# the king takes pleasure in honoring -"Surely there is no one whom the king would take greater pleasure in honoring more than me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Taking pleasure in doing something is an idiom for being glad to do something or wanting to do something. AT: "the king is glad to honor" or "the king wants to honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# said in his heart + +The heart represents the thoughts and attitudes. AT: "thought" or "said to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Whom would the king take pleasure in honoring more than me? + +This can be expressed as a statement. "Surely there is no one whom the king would take pleasure in honoring more than me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/06/07.md b/est/06/07.md index dd495aaf2d..6fc6f54773 100644 --- a/est/06/07.md +++ b/est/06/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## let royal robes be brought ## +# let royal robes be brought -"let the servants bring royal robes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let someone bring royal robes" or "tell your servants to bring royal robes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## ridden ## +# on whose head is the royal crest -This is the past tense of "ride". +The word "whose" refers to the horse. The royal crest is a special symbol that represents the king's family. -## royal crest ## +# Then let the robes and the horse be given -a special symbol that represents the king's family. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then let them give the robes and the horse" or "Then tell them to give the robes and the horse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Then let the robes and the horse be handed over ## +# Let them dress ... in honoring, and let them lead him -"Hand over the robes and the horse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Tell them to dress ... in honoring and to lead him" -## Let them proclaim ## +# Let them proclaim -"Let the servants and noble officials proclaim" \ No newline at end of file +"Tell the noble official and servants to proclaim" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/06/10.md b/est/06/10.md index 08fce29dfd..4804f146a3 100644 --- a/est/06/10.md +++ b/est/06/10.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# Do not fail in a single matter of what you have said + +The phrase "a single matter" emphasizes that he must do absolutely everything he said. It can be stated positively. AT: "Be sure to do absolutely everything you have said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/06/12.md b/est/06/12.md index 8e48872b23..fdab4cfce8 100644 --- a/est/06/12.md +++ b/est/06/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Zeresh ## +# with his head covered -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +People often covered their head to show that they were either extremely sad or ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Zeresh + +See how you translated this woman's name in [Esther 6:13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# before whom you have begun to fall ... you will certainly fall before him + +They spoke as if Haman and Mordecai were in a battle, and Haman was beginning to lose the battle. Here "to fall" represents being dishonored and defeated. AT: "who has already humiliated you ... he will certainly defeat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will not overcome him + +"you will not win against him." They spoke as if Haman and Mordecai were in a battle. Here overcoming a person represents having greater honor than that person. AT: "you will not have greater honor than he has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/06/intro.md b/est/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1a899e118a --- /dev/null +++ b/est/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Esther 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues the story of Haman's fall. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Approaching the king ##### +It was not possible for a person to easily approach the king. Normally, access to him was very limited. There are several events in this chapter which show the layers of protection surrounding the king. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/07/01.md b/est/07/01.md index c7298741b3..1abcdb6e08 100644 --- a/est/07/01.md +++ b/est/07/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Haman ## +# Haman -Translate as in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## On this second day ## +# On this second day -"At this 2nd feast" or "At this additional feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"on this second day of feasting" -## petition ## +# while they were serving wine -Translate as in [Esther 5:5](../05/05.md). +"while the servants were pouring the wine and giving it to them" -## It will be granted ## +# What is your petition -"I will grant it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "petition" can be expressed with the verb "ask for" or "want." AT: "What do you ask for" or "What do you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# It will be granted to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will give you what you ask for" or "I will do for you what you ask" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Up to half of the kingdom, and it will be granted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If you ask for up to half of my kingdom, I will give it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/07/03.md b/est/07/03.md index 492c00ed7e..616b298c5e 100644 --- a/est/07/03.md +++ b/est/07/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## in your eyes ## +# If I have found favor in your eyes, king -"from you" +"Find favor" is an idiom that means to be approved of or that he is pleased with her. "In your eyes" is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "If you evaluate me and approve" or "If you are pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## be given to me ## +# let my life be given to me -"be saved" +The metaphor "giving life" represents rescuing a person from being killed. This statement can be expressed in active form. AT: "save my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For we have been sold ## +# this is my petition -"For a decree sold us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "petition" can be expressed with the verb "ask for." AT: "this is what I ask for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## destroyed, killed, and annihilated ## +# For we have been sold -Here all three words have the same meaning and are used for emphasis. \ No newline at end of file +The metaphor "being sold" represents being betrayed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For someone has betrayed us" or "For someone has put us in danger of our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to be destroyed, killed, and annihilated + +Here all three words have the same meaning and are used for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for our enemies to destroy, kill, and annihilate us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Where is this person to be found who has filled his heart to do such a thing + +To fill one's heart to do something is an idiom meaning to dare to do something. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Where is the one who has dared to so such a thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/07/06.md b/est/07/06.md index d2889eff86..848aa9e2a1 100644 --- a/est/07/06.md +++ b/est/07/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## terrified ## +# terrified "extremely afraid" -## rage ## +# The king got up in a rage -"great anger" \ No newline at end of file +Being in a rage is an idiom for being extremely angry. AT: "The king was extremely angry and got up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to beg for his life from Queen Esther + +"to beg Queen Esther to save his life" + +# He saw that disaster was being decided + +Here seeing represents realizing or understanding. AT: "He realized that disaster was being decided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# disaster was being decided against him by the king + +This can be stated in active form. The abstract noun "disaster" can be expressed with the more concrete verbs "destroy" or "kill." AT: "the king was deciding to cause a disaster against him" or "the king was deciding to destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/07/08.md b/est/07/08.md index c3fb77e6d0..d329722a80 100644 --- a/est/07/08.md +++ b/est/07/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## the wine had been served ## +# where the wine had been served -"Servants had served the wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where servants had served the wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## couch ## +# couch -a long piece of furniture where a person can sit or lie down. +a long piece of furniture where a person can sit or lie down -## assault the queen ## +# Will he assault the queen in my presence in my own house? -This phrase is a polite way of asking if he will seize and sleep with her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The king uses this question to show his shock and anger at what Haman was doing. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He even dares to attack the queen in my presence and in my own house!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## "Will he assault the queen in my presence in my own house?" ## +# assault the queen -AT: "You are trying to assault the queen while she is here with me in my own palace!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"attack the queen." This phrase is a polite way to refer to rape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## the servants covered Haman’s face. ## +# As soon as this sentence came out of the king's mouth -some officials covered Haman's head, as they did to people who were about to be hanged. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Speech coming out of the mouth is a metonym that represents speaking. AT: "As soon as the king said this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the servants covered Haman's face + +Apparently they did this because they understood that the king wanted Haman to be killed. AT: "the servants covered Haman's face as a sign that he would be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/07/09.md b/est/07/09.md index cfc37a1987..85580e8e2d 100644 --- a/est/07/09.md +++ b/est/07/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Harbona ## +# Harbona -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## gallows ## +# A gallows fifty cubits tall -Translate as in [Esther 2:22](../02/22.md). +You may convert "fifty cubits" to a modern measure. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 5:14](../05/14.md). AT: "A gallows twenty-three meters high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## fifty cubits ## +# Then the king's rage died down -"50 cubits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) \ No newline at end of file +The king's rage is a spoken of as if it were a large fire that became smaller. AT: "Then the king's rage lessened" or "Then the king was not so angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/07/intro.md b/est/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..91f1551bb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/est/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Esther 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Haman's fall concludes in this chapter. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Covering Haman's face ##### + +When "the servants covered Haman's face," they were showing that he had been condemned to be executed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/01.md b/est/08/01.md index d6c9b63b4c..105eee40be 100644 --- a/est/08/01.md +++ b/est/08/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Haman ## +# Haman -Translate as in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). -## signet ring ## +# signet ring -a special ring that could be used to imprint the King's official seal on a proclamation. \ No newline at end of file +This ring had the king's name or mark on it. When he put a wax seal on important papers, he would press the mark onto the seal. If a paper had this mark on its seal, people would know that what was written on the paper was written with the king's authority and had to be obeyed. See how you translated this in [Esther 3:10](../03/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# gave it to Mordecai + +By giving his signet ring to Mordecai, the king gave Mordecai the authority to write important papers that people would have to obey. + +# Haman's estate + +This refers to the things that had belonged to Haman and that the king had given to Esther. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/03.md b/est/08/03.md index 9526211f6e..8e8b6d8581 100644 --- a/est/08/03.md +++ b/est/08/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## pleaded ## +# pleaded "begged" -## Agagite ## +# to put an end to the evil plan of Haman the Agagite -Translate as in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md) +"Put an end to" is an idiom meaning to stop something. AT: "to stop the evil plan of Haman the Agagite" or "to prevent the evil things from happening that Haman the Agagite had planned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## scheme that he had devised ## +# the Agagite -"plot he had invented" or "plot Haman invented" \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md) + +# scheme that he had devised + +"the plot that he had invented" or "the plot that Haman invented" + +# the king held out the golden scepter to Esther + +He did this to show that he was pleased with her. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 5:2](../05/01.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/05.md b/est/08/05.md index 1a0004b53e..a5c074b842 100644 --- a/est/08/05.md +++ b/est/08/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## revoke ## +# If it pleases the king + +"If what I ask for pleases the king" + +# if I have found favor in your eyes + +Here "found favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "if you have evaluated me and approve" or "if you are pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if the thing seems right before the king + +"Before the king" is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "if what I ask for seems right in the king's evaluation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am pleasing in your eyes + +Here "your eyes" is a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "if you evaluate me and I please you" or "if you are pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# revoke "officially cancel" -## Hammedatha ## +# Hammedatha -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## provinces ## +# provinces -Translate as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). -## For how could I bear to see disaster fall on my people? How could I endure watching the destruction of my relatives? ## +# For how could I bear to see disaster fall on my people? How could I endure watching the destruction of my relatives? -AT: "I cannot bear to see disaster fall on the Jews. I can not endure watching my relatives be killed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Esther used these questions to show that that she would be extremely sad if her people were to be destroyed. AT: "I cannot bear to see disaster fall on the Jews. I cannot endure watching my relatives be killed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/07.md b/est/08/07.md index 341c750bdf..59e205b845 100644 --- a/est/08/07.md +++ b/est/08/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## gallows ## +# the house of Haman -Translate as in [Esther 2:22](../02/22.md) +This represents all that Haman had owned. AT: "all that had belonged to Haman" or "all of Haman's property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Write another decree ## +# gallows -Mordecai and Esther writing the letter is implied. AT: "You write another decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +See how you translated this in [Esther 6:4](../06/04.md) -## cannot be revoked. ## +# Write ... in the name of the king -"no one can revoke it" or "no one can officially cancel it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Writing something in the king's name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For the decree ... ring cannot be revoked + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For no one can revoke the decree ... ring" or "For no one can cancel the decree ... ring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For the decree ... ring cannot be revoked + +The information given between the words "decree" and "cannot" is the reason that the king cannot revoke Haman's decree. It can be shown clearly that it was the reason with the word "because." AT: "For I cannot revoke the decree that has already been written, because it was written in the king's name and sealed with the king's ring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# decree that has already been written in the king's name + +Writing something in the king's name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/09.md b/est/08/09.md index 417ec6c9e1..2768fafd12 100644 --- a/est/08/09.md +++ b/est/08/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## called ## +# called "summoned" -## third month ## +# the third month, which is the month of Sivan, on the twenty-third day of the month -"month number 3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"Sivan" is the name of the third month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-third day is near the middle of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Sivan ## +# A decree was written -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They wrote a decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## twenty-third day ## +# 127 provinces -third day** - "day number 23" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"one hundred and twenty-seven provinces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## provinces ## +# provinces -Translate as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). -## 127 ## +# written in their own writing -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"written in their own script." There are different writing systems around the world. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/10.md b/est/08/10.md index cecf4a588a..45f4ec3f63 100644 --- a/est/08/10.md +++ b/est/08/10.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## signet ring ## +# wrote in the name of King Ahasuerus -Translate as in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md) +Writing something in the king's name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## couriers ## +# signet ring + +See how you translated this phrase in [Esther 8:2](./01.md) + +# couriers "people to carry the message" -## bred from the royal stud ## +# bred from the royal stud -a retired racehorse that is kept for the reproduction of young racehorses. +The royal stud was the king's best male horse. The horses that were used in the king's service were its offspring. AT: "the offspring of the king's best horse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## permission ## +# permission "right" -## make a stand ## +# make a stand This is a metaphor for fighting back and not running away. AT: "fight back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## thirteenth day of the twelfth month ## +# the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar -"day 13 of month 12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## Adar ## - -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Esther 3:13](../03/12.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/13.md b/est/08/13.md index a187220991..016b6ab58e 100644 --- a/est/08/13.md +++ b/est/08/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## vengeance ## +# to take vengeance on their enemies -The act of hurting someone who hurt you. +"To take vengeance on people" is an idiom meaning to hurt people who have hurt you. AT: "to fight back against their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Susa ## +# They went without delay -Translate as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Without delay" is an idiom meaning that they did not delay or wait. AT: "They went immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Susa + +This is the city where the king's palace was. See how you translated it in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/15.md b/est/08/15.md index d1aec65e45..0e77fc4081 100644 --- a/est/08/15.md +++ b/est/08/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## light ## +# the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced -"happiness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The "city" represents the people living in it. AT: "the people of the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## province ## +# shouted and rejoiced -Translate as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). +The word "rejoiced" tells how they shouted. AT: "shouted joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) -## holiday ## +# had light and gladness -"celebration" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are that 1) having light is a metaphor for being happy. AT: "were happy and glad" or 2) having light is metaphor for feeling prosperous and safe. AT: "felt safe and were glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# honor + +Possible meanings are that 1) other people honored the Jews. AT: "other people honored them" or 2) the Jews felt honored. AT: "they felt honored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# province + +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# wherever the king's decree reached + +Reaching places represents going to places. AT: "wherever the king's men took his decree" or "wherever the king's decree was read" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# holiday + +"celebration" + +# the fear of the Jews had fallen on them + +Fear falling on people represents people becoming very afraid. AT: "they had become very afraid of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/08/intro.md b/est/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6f0caa4e13 --- /dev/null +++ b/est/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Esther 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's protection ##### +Yahweh is at work in this chapter preventing the Jews from possible destruction. God used Esther and Mordecai to protect their people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/01.md b/est/09/01.md index d3bd4fb1a3..28329b3dcf 100644 --- a/est/09/01.md +++ b/est/09/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## twelfth month ## +# the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar, on the thirteenth day -"after 11 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 3:13](../03/12.md). -## Adar ## +# when the king's law and decree were about to be carried out -Adar is the name given to month 12. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Carry out" is an idiom meaning to do something that was commanded or planned. This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the people were about to obey the king's law and decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## thirteenth day ## +# to gain power over them -"after 12 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Gaining power over people is an idiom for defeating them. AT: "to defeat the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## about to be carried out ## +# it was reversed -"executed" +"the situation was reversed." The situation being reversed is a metaphor meaning that the opposite of what was expected happened. AT: "the opposite happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## provinces ## +# provinces -Translate as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). +A "province" is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). -## to lay hands on those who tried to bring disaster on them ## +# to lay hands on those who tried to bring disaster on them -"to fight their enemies" \ No newline at end of file +Laying hands on people is a metonym for fighting against them. AT: "to fight their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who tried to bring disaster on them + +To bring disaster on people is an idiom meaning to cause a disaster to happen to them. In this case it refers to destroying them. AT: "who tried to destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# No one could stand against them + +Standing against people represents resisting their attack. AT: "No one could resist the attack of the Jews" or "No one could successfully fight against the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the fear of them had fallen on all the peoples + +Fear falling on people represents people becoming very afraid. AT: "all the peoples had become very afraid of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/03.md b/est/09/03.md index c312641eb8..a08cebe62d 100644 --- a/est/09/03.md +++ b/est/09/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## provinces ## - -Translate as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). - -## provincial governors ## +# provincial governors "governors of the provinces" -## fame ## +# the fear of Mordecai had fallen on them -"greatness" or "recognition" \ No newline at end of file +Fear falling on people represents people becoming afraid. AT: "they had become afraid of Mordecai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# was great in the king's house + +"was very important in the king's palace" + +# his fame spread throughout all the provinces + +Fame spreading through places represents people in those places learning about how great he was. AT: "throughout the provinces people learned about how great he was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/06.md b/est/09/06.md index 6a5c4c9bc1..e84312ba70 100644 --- a/est/09/06.md +++ b/est/09/06.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Susa ## +# the fortress -Translate as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). -## fortress ## +# Susa -"stronghold" or "castle" +This was a royal city of Persian kings. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## five hundred men ## +# five hundred men "500 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Parshandatha, Dalphon, Aspatha, Poratha, Adalia, Aridatha, Parmashta, Arisai, Aridai, Vaizatha ## +# Parshandatha, Dalphon, Aspatha, Poratha, Adalia, Aridatha, Parmashta, Arisai, Aridai, Vaizatha -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## ten sons ## +# ten sons "10 sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Haman ## +# Haman -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king's officials. See how you translated this in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hammedatha ## +# Hammedatha -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the enemy of the Jews + +This phrase tells us about Haman. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/11.md b/est/09/11.md index 428d375a3c..e0928613d7 100644 --- a/est/09/11.md +++ b/est/09/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## fortified city ## - -"stronghold" or "castle" - -## five hundred men ## +# five hundred men "500 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## ten sons ## +# ten sons "10 sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## What then have they done in the rest of the king’s provinces? ## +# What then have they done in the rest of the king's provinces? -AT: "What they must have done in the rest of the king's provinces!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] +The king uses this question to show that he believes that the Jews must have also killed many people in the other provinces. AT: "What they must have done in the rest of the king's provinces!" or "They must have killed many more in the rest of the king's provinces!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## petition ## +# what is your petition? -"request" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "petition" can be expressed with the verb "ask for" or "want." AT: "what do you ask for?" or "what do you want?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# It will be granted you + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "I will give you what you ask for" or "I will do for you what you ask" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# What is your request? + +The abstract noun "request" can be expressed with the verb "ask for" or "want." AT: "What do you ask for?" or "What do you want?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/13.md b/est/09/13.md index 695bd891dc..634610cbef 100644 --- a/est/09/13.md +++ b/est/09/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## ten sons ## +# to carry out this day's decree tomorrow also + +"Carry out" is an idiom meaning to do something that was commanded or planned. AT: "to obey today's decree tomorrow also" or "to do tomorrow also what was decreed that they should do today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# ten sons "10 sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## gallows ## +# gallows -Translate as in [Esther 2:22](../02/22.md). \ No newline at end of file +This was a structure used for killing people by tying one end of a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around their necks and hanging them from it. See how you translated this in [Esther 2:23](../02/22.md). AT: "a frame for hanging people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/15.md b/est/09/15.md index e2b3a61fec..b42763b2c8 100644 --- a/est/09/15.md +++ b/est/09/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## fourteenth day ## +# the fourteenth day of the month of Adar -"day number 14" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 3:13](../03/12.md). -## month Adar ## +# laid no hands on the plunder -"twelfth month" See [Esther 3:7](../03/07.md). +Laying their hands on things represents taking them. AT: "took none of the plunder" or "did not take any of the plunder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## three hundred ## +# seventy-five thousand -"300" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"75,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## provinces ## +# they did not lay their hands on the valuables of those they killed -Translate as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). +Laying their hands on things represents taking them. AT: "they did not take any of the valuables of the people they killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## seventy five thousand ## +# valuables -"75,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"valuable things" or "possessions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/17.md b/est/09/17.md index 2d046dc976..3ebb0c73b6 100644 --- a/est/09/17.md +++ b/est/09/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## thirteenth day ## +# the thirteenth day of the month of Adar -"day 13" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 3:13](../03/12.md). -## fourteenth day ## +# On the fourteenth day they rested -"day 14" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"On the fourteenth day of Adar the Jews who were in the provinces rested" -## Susa ## +# the Jews who were in Susa assembled together -Translate as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## fifteenth day ## - -"day 15" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## gladness ## - -"cheer" \ No newline at end of file +Why they assembled together can be stated clearly. AT: "the Jews who were in Susa assembled together to fight against their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/20.md b/est/09/20.md index 9c0c820286..f1b3d6e79a 100644 --- a/est/09/20.md +++ b/est/09/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## fourteenth and the fifteenth day ## +# to keep the fourteenth and the fifteenth day of Adar every year -"day 14 and 15" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +To keep a day is an idiom that means to celebrate it. AT: "to celebrate the fourteenth and fifteenth days of Adar every year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## holiday ## +# their sorrow turned to joy -"celebration" or "feast" \ No newline at end of file +Turning represents changing. The abstract nouns sorrow and joy can be expressed with "sad" and "joyful." AT: "they changed from being very sad to being joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/23.md b/est/09/23.md index f0e53dece8..d689f69a51 100644 --- a/est/09/23.md +++ b/est/09/23.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + This passage summarizes much of the story of Esther in order to explain the reason for the festival of Purim. -## Haman ## +# Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king's officials. See how you translated this in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hammedatha ## +# he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots) -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Pur" was the Persian word for "lot." The phrase "he threw lots" explains what "he threw Pur" means. -## Agagite ## +# he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots) -This is the people group of Haman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Why he threw Pur, or lots, can be stated clearly. AT: "he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots) to find out what would be the best day to attack the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Pur ## +# But when the matter came before the king -"Purim" or "lots" +The Hebrew text can also be interpreted to mean, "But when Esther came before the king." Some modern versions choose this interpretation. -## and he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots), to crush and destroy them ## +# the wicked plan Haman developed against the Jews should come back on his own head -"and he threw Pur (that is, he cast lots to find out what would be the most lucky day in the year for him to do it on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Come back on his own head" means that it should be done to Haman. AT: "the wicked plan Haman developed against the Jews should be done to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/26.md b/est/09/26.md index 32495940be..1e010b244c 100644 --- a/est/09/26.md +++ b/est/09/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Purim ## +# they called these days Purim, after the name of Pur -a festival that commemorates the salvation of the Jewish people in ancient Persia from Haman’s plot to destroy and kill all the Jews in a single day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +To call something after something else is an idiom that means to give it the same name or a similar name. AT: "They called these days Purim, like the word Pur" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## two ## +# Purim -"2" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This is the name of the festival that commemorates the salvation of the Jewish people in ancient Persia from Haman's plot to destroy and kill all the Jews in a single day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## These days were to be celebrated and observed ## +# the name of Pur -"the Jews were to celebrate and observe these days." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +It can be stated clearly what "Pur" means. AT: "the word Pur, which means 'lot'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## would never cease to faithfully observe ## +# These days were to be celebrated and observed -"always faithfully observe" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Jews were to celebrate and observe these days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# would never cease to faithfully observe + +This can be stated positively. AT: "would always faithfully observe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/29.md b/est/09/29.md index d18ed8383c..b0616834a2 100644 --- a/est/09/29.md +++ b/est/09/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Abihail ## +# Queen Esther daughter of Abihail and Mordecai the Jew wrote ... this second letter -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Esther was the daughter of Abihail. Esther and Mordecai wrote the letter. -## second letter ## +# Abihail + +"Abihail" was Esther's father and Mordecai's uncle. See how you translated this in [Esther 2:15](../02/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# second letter "additional letter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/30.md b/est/09/30.md index 4650a1ca0d..bafeff67ba 100644 --- a/est/09/30.md +++ b/est/09/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## 127 ## +# Letters were sent to all the Jews -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They sent letters to all the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## provinces ## +# 127 provinces -Use the same word or phrase as used in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md). +"one hundred and twenty-seven provinces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## obligated ## +# wishing the Jews safety and truth -"committed" or "pledged" +The abstract nouns "safety" and "truth" can be expressed with phrases. AT: "wishing that the Jews would be safe and that people would be faithful to the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## regulations ## +# The Jews accepted this obligation for themselves and their descendants -"arrangements" or "governance" \ No newline at end of file +Accepting an obligation is a metaphor for agreeing with the obligation. The abstract noun "obligation" can be expressed with the verb "obligate." AT: "The Jews agreed and said that they and their descendants were obligated to celebrate the days of Purim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they accepted times of fasting and lamenting + +Accepting times of fasting and lamenting is a metaphor for agreeing to fast and lament at certain times. AT: "they agreed to fast and lament at certain times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/09/intro.md b/est/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..21dba21de4 --- /dev/null +++ b/est/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Esther 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Purim ##### +The events of this chapter were so significant, the Jews celebrated these events every year after this. It is known as "Purim." + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Ironic Situation ##### +The day that was supposed to bring great victory to the enemies of the Jews became a day of great victory for the Jews. This is a type of irony. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/10/01.md b/est/10/01.md index cfa625475f..a5db482e3d 100644 --- a/est/10/01.md +++ b/est/10/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## imposed ## +# imposed a tax on the land and on the coastlands along the sea -"levied" or "charged" +To impose a tax means to make people pay a tax. The land and coastlands represent the people living there. AT: "made the people living in the land and on the coastlands along the sea pay a tax" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## achievements ## +# All the achievements of his power and might -"accomplishments" or "deeds" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "achievements" can be expressed with the verb "achieve" or the phrase "do great things. The abstract nouns "power" and "might" can be translated with adjectives. AT: "All that he achieved because of how powerful and mighty he was" or "All the great things that he did because of his power and might" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the full account of the greatness of Mordecai to which the king had raised him + +The king honoring Mordecai is spoken of as if the king physically raised him up. AT: "the full account of how the King had made it known that Mordecai was great" or "the full account of how the king had honored Mordecai for the great things he had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/10/03.md b/est/10/03.md index 3ec298b4be..08abed7f31 100644 --- a/est/10/03.md +++ b/est/10/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## second ## +# second in rank to King Ahasuerus -"number 2" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"the most important person after King Ahasuerus" -## sought ## +# Jewish brothers -"wanted" or "needed" +The word brothers represents people who were like him. AT: "fellow Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## welfare ## +# he sought the welfare of his people -"well-being" or "progress" \ No newline at end of file +Seeking something is a metaphor for working hard for something. The abstract noun "welfare" can be translated as a phrase with the verb "prosper" or the adjective "secure." AT: "He worked hard so his people would prosper" or "He worked hard so his people would be secure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he spoke for the peace of all his people + +"he represented his people so that they might have peace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/10/intro.md b/est/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5e7d14024d --- /dev/null +++ b/est/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Esther 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Mordecai's new position ##### + +Through the power of Yahweh, Mordecai was given a new position in the Persian Empire. Mordecai was now the second in command in the kingdom of Persia and he used his position to help other Jews. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esther 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/front/intro.md b/est/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4b8d92631b --- /dev/null +++ b/est/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +# Introduction to Esther # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Esther #### + +1. King Ahasuerus sends away his wife, the queen (1:1–22) +1. Ahasuerus chooses Esther as the new queen (2:1–23) +1. Haman plots to destroy the Jews (3:1–15) +1. Mordecai asks Esther to help her people (4:1–17) +1. Esther pleads with the King for the Jews (5:1–7:10) +1. The result of Haman's plot to destroy the Jews (8:1–9:16) +1. The Feast of Purim (9:17–32) +1. Conclusion (10:1–3) + +#### What is the Book of Esther about? #### + +The Book of Esther is the account of a plot to kill all the Jews living in the Persian Empire. These were the Jews whom the Babylonians had taken into exile, together with their descendants. + +This book tells how a young Jewish woman named Esther became the queen of Persia, the most important wife of the king of Persia. The book implies that God used Esther to save her people from destruction. + +The Book of Esther ends by explaining that the Jewish festival of Purim began as a celebration of God's rescue of the Jews. The name "Purim" comes from "pur," the lots or dice that Haman, the Jews' enemy, threw in order to decide when to attack them. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The traditional title of this book is "The Book of Esther." However, it is possible to make the title more clear in other languages. We recommend, "The Book About Esther" or "The History About Esther." + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was the Persian Empire? #### + +The Persian Empire, or more properly, the First Persian Empire, consisted of many kingdoms and regions that King Cyrus the Great conquered and ruled over. When he conquered Babylonia in 539 B.C., he came into control of the Jews whom the Babylonians had exiled. + +#### Why were there Jews in Babylonia when the Persians conquered it? #### + +These Jews were the descendants of the people of Judah who had not been killed in the attacks of the Babylonian army about 586 B.C. under King Nebuchadnezzar II. + +#### What was meant by "the laws of the Medes and Persians"? #### + +This idea, found in Esther 1:19 and Daniel 6:12, referred to laws and decrees which, once issued, could not be taken back. This idea is important in the Book of Esther, because although the king decreed that his people could attack the Jews, he later regretted his decision. He had to find a way to take away the danger to the Jews without reversing the decree. The term "Medes" refers to an ethnic group who had formed their own nation, but who were taken over by the Persians and absorbed into them. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What different levels of language are in the Book of Esther? #### + +The Book of Esther presents people talking to each other in many different situations. There is the polite and stately language of the Persian court, and the language of royal decrees. There is also the language of friends and close relatives who are talking to each other. There is even the language that one uses in speaking to oneself. Translators should use all the ways provided by their own languages in order to represent these different kinds of situations in a way that their readers will identify and understand. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/01.md b/exo/01/01.md index b70e3156f2..8c8db62fa8 100644 --- a/exo/01/01.md +++ b/exo/01/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## household ## +# household -all the people who live in a house together, usually a large family with servants. +This refers to all the people who live in a house together, usually a large family with servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## seventy ## +# seventy -70 +"70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Joseph was already in Egypt ## +# Joseph was already in Egypt -AT: "Joseph lived in Egypt before his brothers" \ No newline at end of file +"Joseph lived in Egypt before his brothers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/06.md b/exo/01/06.md index c2fe0649c0..ed5b1563af 100644 --- a/exo/01/06.md +++ b/exo/01/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## all his brothers ## +# all his brothers -this includes 10 older brothers and 1 younger brother +This includes 10 older brothers and 1 younger brother. -## were fruitful ## +# were fruitful -This means that the Israelite population grew quickly. AT: "had many children" or "gave birth to many children" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The birth of children to the Israelites is spoken of as if they were plants that were producing fruit. AT: "had many children" or "gave birth to many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the land was filled with them ## +# the land was filled with them -AT: "They filled the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They filled the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## with them ## +# with them The word "them" refers to the Israelites. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/08.md b/exo/01/08.md index b50e7b8425..bacde1528c 100644 --- a/exo/01/08.md +++ b/exo/01/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## He said to his people ## +# arose over Egypt -"The king said to his people," +Here "Egypt" refers to the people of Egypt. AT: "began to rule over the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## his people ## +# He said to his people -the people who lived in Egpyt, the Egyptians +"The king said to his people" -## let us ## +# his people + +These were the people who lived in Egypt, the Egyptians. + +# let us The word "us" is inclusive and refers to the king and his people, the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## leave the land ## +# war breaks out + +Here war is spoken of as a person that is able to act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# leave the land "leave Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/11.md b/exo/01/11.md index 2fc04e91c2..bde77be5bf 100644 --- a/exo/01/11.md +++ b/exo/01/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## taskmasters ## +# taskmasters -“slave drivers” or “masters.” These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. +"slave drivers." These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. -## to oppress them with hard labor ## +# to oppress them with hard labor -"to force the Israelites to do hard work for the Egyptians." +"to force the Israelites to do hard work for the Egyptians" -## store cities ## +# store cities -places where the leaders put food and other important things to keep them safe \ No newline at end of file +These were places where the leaders put food and other important things to keep them safe. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/13.md b/exo/01/13.md index 408a61072e..3436de43f6 100644 --- a/exo/01/13.md +++ b/exo/01/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## work rigorously ## +# made ... work rigorously -"work very hard" or "worked harshly" +"made ... work very hard" or "harshly made ... work" -## mortar ## +# made their lives bitter -a wet glue or mud put between bricks or stones that holds them together when it dries +The difficult lives of the Israelites are spoken of as if they were bitter food that was difficult to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## All their required work was hard ## +# mortar -AT: "The Egyptians made them work very hard." or "The Egyptians forced them to work very hard." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This was a wet glue or mud put between bricks or stones that held them together when it dried. + +# All their required work was hard + +"The Egyptians made them work very hard" or "The Egyptians forced them to work very hard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/15.md b/exo/01/15.md index ecb83be70f..0c14d379dd 100644 --- a/exo/01/15.md +++ b/exo/01/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## king of Egypt ## +# king of Egypt -the king of Egypt is called Pharaoh. +The king of Egypt is called Pharaoh. -## midwives ## +# midwives -women who help a woman give birth to a baby. +These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. -## Shiphrah and ... Puah ## +# Shiphrah ... Puah -These are Hebrew women names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are Hebrew women's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# on the birthstool + +Women sat on this short stool as they gave birth. Therefore, it is associated with birth. AT: "as they give birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/18.md b/exo/01/18.md index 0a852b57b7..2029b20739 100644 --- a/exo/01/18.md +++ b/exo/01/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## midwives ## +# midwives -See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:15](./15.md). +These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:16](./15.md). -## "Why have you let the male babies live?" ## +# Why have you done this, and let the baby boys live? -Pharaoh was actually rebuking the midwives for allowing the male children live. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +Pharaoh asked this question to rebuke the midwives for allowing the male children to live. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have disobeyed my order by not killing the male babies!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). -## "The Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women…" ## +# The Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women The midwives answered wisely to appease Pharaoh's anger. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/20.md b/exo/01/20.md index 67ee5bcb35..224e260da6 100644 --- a/exo/01/20.md +++ b/exo/01/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## God protected these midwives ## +# God protected these midwives -God kept pharaoh from killing these midwives. +God kept Pharaoh from killing these midwives. -## midwives ## +# midwives -See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:15](./15.md). +These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:16](./15.md). -## The people increased in numbers ## +# The people increased in numbers "The Israelites increased in numbers" -## feared God ## +# feared God -AT: "revered God" or "had reverence for God" +"revered God" or "had reverence for God" -## You must throw every male ... into the river ## +# he gave them families -This was in order to for them to drown and die. AT: "... into the river to drown." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the enabled them to have children" + +# You must throw every son ... into the river + +This order was given in order to drown the male children. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. AT: "You must ... into the river so they will drown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/intro.md b/exo/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6943e41752 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Exodus 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is intended to form a smooth transition with the last chapter of the book of Genesis. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel's growth ##### +Israel grew in number. This was in fulfillment of the covenant God made with Abraham. It also caused the Egyptians great concern that there would be more Israelites than Egyptians because they would be unable to defend themselves against such a large number of people. Pharaoh also tried to kill all of the male babies so they would not become soldiers who fought against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +##### End of the famine ##### +It is obvious that some time has passed since the beginning of the famine which brought the Israelites into Egypt. Yahweh appears to be punishing the Hebrews for not returning back to the Promised Land and instead choosing to stay in Egypt. No return attempt is recorded to have been made. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "All of the descendants of Jacob were seventy in number" ##### +This number included both Jacob's children and grandchildren. It may cause confusion, but it is important to remember Jacob only had 12 sons. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Exodus intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/01.md b/exo/02/01.md index 851f3ee4de..ebfd2d286b 100644 --- a/exo/02/01.md +++ b/exo/02/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main event. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the narrative. If you have a way of doing this in your language, consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## three ## +# three -See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]. \ No newline at end of file +"3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/03.md b/exo/02/03.md index cf5f89a3a7..f897a926e1 100644 --- a/exo/02/03.md +++ b/exo/02/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## papyrus basket ## +# papyrus basket This is a basket made from a tall grass that grows by the Nile River in Egypt. -## sealed it with bitumen and pitch ## +# sealed it with bitumen and pitch -AT: "spread tar on it to keep water from getting into it" +You could explicitly state that this was to keep out water. AT: "spread tar on it to keep water from getting into it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## sealed ## +# sealed Here "sealed" means that she applied a waterproof coating. -## bitumen and pitch ## +# bitumen -"tar." This is a sticky black paste used to keep out water. +This is a sticky black paste made from petroleum. It can be used to keep out water. AT: "tar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## reeds ## +# pitch -a type of tall grass that grows in flat, wet areas +This is a sticky brown or black paste that can be made from tree sap or from petroleum. Therefore, "pitch" would include not only "bitumen" but also plant-based resins. It too can be used to keep out water. AT: "tar" or "resin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## at a distance ## +# reeds -This means something is close enough to see but still far enough away to remain hidden. \ No newline at end of file +These "reeds" were a type of tall grass that grew in flat, wet areas. + +# at a distance + +This means she stood far enough away so that she would not be noticed, but close enough to see the basket. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/05.md b/exo/02/05.md index c96fcfb059..b7bda2e928 100644 --- a/exo/02/05.md +++ b/exo/02/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## attendants ## +# attendants "servants" -## Behold ## +# Behold -The word “behold” signals the surprising information that follows. \ No newline at end of file +The word "behold" signals the surprising information that follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/07.md b/exo/02/07.md index 5cfa49554b..82f6d887a3 100644 --- a/exo/02/07.md +++ b/exo/02/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## nurse ## +# nurse "breastfeed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/09.md b/exo/02/09.md index 72eb686683..7d0c3f8fec 100644 --- a/exo/02/09.md +++ b/exo/02/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## she brought him ## +# she brought him "the Hebrew woman brought him" -## he became her son ## +# he became her son -"he became the son of Pharaoh's daughter" +"he became the adopted son of Pharaoh's daughter" -## drew him ## +# Because I drew him from the water -"pulled him" +Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Moses sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'pull.'" -## Because I drew him from the water ## +# drew him -Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Moses sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'pull.'" \ No newline at end of file +"pulled him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/11.md b/exo/02/11.md index 91e0b21833..ead00e64bd 100644 --- a/exo/02/11.md +++ b/exo/02/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## striking ## +# striking -"hitting" or "beating" \ No newline at end of file +"hitting" or "beating" + +# He looked this way and that way + +These two opposite directions have the combined meaning of "everywhere." AT: "He looked all around" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/13.md b/exo/02/13.md index b9e4366b92..e9e79b8af8 100644 --- a/exo/02/13.md +++ b/exo/02/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## He went out ## +# He went out "Moses went out" -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here shows that Moses was surprised by what he saw. You can use a word in your language that will give this meaning. +The word "behold" here shows that Moses was surprised by what he saw. You can use a word in your language that will give this meaning. -## the one who was in the wrong ## +# the one who was in the wrong -"the one who started the fight" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This was a customary way of saying "the one who started the fight." AT: "the one who was guilty of starting the fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Are you planning to kill me as you killed that Egyptian? ## +# Who made you a leader and judge over us? -The writer uses a question here to be sarcastic. AT: "Surely you are not going to kill me like you killed that Egyptian!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The man used this question to rebuke Moses for intervening in the fight. AT: "You are not our leader and have no right to judge us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Are you planning to kill me as you killed that Egyptian? + +The man used a question here to be sarcastic. AT: "We know that you killed an Egyptian yesterday. You had better not kill me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/15.md b/exo/02/15.md index 2cedb17e7c..89d1eab09e 100644 --- a/exo/02/15.md +++ b/exo/02/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Now when Pharaoh heard about it ## +# Now when Pharaoh heard about it -This word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story. +The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the event. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the incident. -## Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters ## +# Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters -The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells about new people in the story. +The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the event. Here the author tells about new people in the narrative. -## drew water ## +# drew water This means that they brought up water from a well. -## trough ## +# troughs a long, narrow, open container for animals to eat or drink out of -## drive them away ## +# drive them away "chase them away" -## helped them ## +# helped them "rescued them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/18.md b/exo/02/18.md index b9cdcbedf4..a7a2ecce4f 100644 --- a/exo/02/18.md +++ b/exo/02/18.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# Why did you leave the man? + +This question is a mild rebuke to the daughters for not inviting Moses into their home according to the normal hospitality of that culture. AT: "You should not have left this man at the well!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/21.md b/exo/02/21.md index 10d9fbe365..55acb222a9 100644 --- a/exo/02/21.md +++ b/exo/02/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Moses agreed to stay with the man ## +# Moses agreed to stay with the man "Moses agreed to live with Reuel" -## Zipporah ## +# Zipporah This is Reuel's daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gershom ## +# Gershom This is Moses's son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## resident in a foreign land ## +# resident in a foreign land "stranger in a foreign land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/23.md b/exo/02/23.md index 624bfbecde..3c1f34eade 100644 --- a/exo/02/23.md +++ b/exo/02/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## groaned ## +# groaned -"sighed deeply." They did this because of their sorrow and misery. +They did this because of their sorrow and misery. AT: "sighed deeply" -## God called to mind his covenant ## +# their pleas went up to God -AT: "God remembered his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The cries of the Israelites are spoken of as if they were a person and were able to travel up to where God is. AT: "God heard their pleas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# God called to mind his covenant + +This was a customary way of saying God thought about what He had promised. AT: "God remembered his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/02/intro.md b/exo/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3c40fdfb49 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Exodus 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Moses' heritage ##### +In the first part of this chapter, Pharaoh's daughter recognizes Moses as being a Hebrew, but in the last part of this chapter, the Midianites believe him to be an Egyptian. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Ironic situations ##### +While Pharaoh tried to diminish the power of the Israelites by killing all of their baby boys, Yahweh used Pharaoh's own daughter to save Moses. Moses was the one who would ultimately be used by Yahweh to deliver Israel. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/01.md b/exo/03/01.md index 72f30b52a2..613a3419e9 100644 --- a/exo/03/01.md +++ b/exo/03/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## angel of Yahweh ## +# angel of Yahweh -Yahweh appeared in the form of an angel. This was not just an angel that Yahweh sent. AT: "Yahweh appeared as an angel" (UDB) +This was Yahweh himself appearing as an angel, and not just an angel that Yahweh sent. "Yahweh appeared as an angel" . -## behold ## +# Yahweh -The word “behold” here shows that Moses saw something that was very different from what he expected. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# behold + +The word "behold" here shows that Moses saw something that was very different from what he expected. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/04.md b/exo/03/04.md index 81f72735b2..6ca6b8de56 100644 --- a/exo/03/04.md +++ b/exo/03/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## consecrated ## +# set apart -AT: "made holy" +"made holy" -## your father ## +# the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob -Possible meanings are 1) "your ancestor" or 2) "your father." If it means "your ancestor," then the phrases following it clarify who "your father" refers to; it refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. If it means "your father," then it refers to Moses's own father. \ No newline at end of file +All of these men worshiped the same God. AT: "the God of your father, of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob" + +# your father + +Possible meanings are 1) "your ancestor" or 2) "your father." If it means "your ancestor," then the phrases following it clarify who "your father" refers to: it refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. If it means "your father," then it refers to Moses's own father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/07.md b/exo/03/07.md index 85632a4db0..89d36d128d 100644 --- a/exo/03/07.md +++ b/exo/03/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## taskmasters ## +# taskmasters -"slave drivers" or "masters." These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. +"slave drivers." These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md). -## a land flowing with milk and honey ## +# a land flowing with milk and honey -"a land where plenty of milk and honey flow." This means that the land will be rich and productive, so there will be enough food for everyone. AT: "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"a land where milk and honey flow." God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. AT: "a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# flowing with + +"full of" or "with an abundance of" + +# milk + +Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. AT: "food from livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# honey + +Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. AT: "food from crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/09.md b/exo/03/09.md index 1e5a5b7d49..42df958115 100644 --- a/exo/03/09.md +++ b/exo/03/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the shouts of the people of Israel have come to me ## +# the shouts of the people of Israel have come to me -AT: "I have heard the cries of the people of Israel." \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "shouts" are spoken of as if they were persons who are capable of moving on their own. AT: "I have heard the cries of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/11.md b/exo/03/11.md index cb6c6e9ac5..3cc59f3e1f 100644 --- a/exo/03/11.md +++ b/exo/03/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh ## +# Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh ... Egypt? -"Am I important enough to go to Pharaoh." Moses probably asked this question to imply that he was not important enough to go to Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses uses this question to tell God that Moses is a nobody and no one will listen to him. AT: "I am not important enough to go to Pharaoh ... Egypt!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/13.md b/exo/03/13.md index b24c927f2e..6f1ffb3a6c 100644 --- a/exo/03/13.md +++ b/exo/03/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## I AM THAT I AM ## +# God said to Moses, "I AM THAT I AM." -Possible meanings are that 1) this whole sentence is God's name or 2) God is not telling his name but something about himself. By saying this, God is teaching that he is eternal; he has always lived and always will live. \ No newline at end of file +This is God's response to Moses' question about God's name. This can be made explicit. AT: "God said to Moses, 'Tell them that God says his name is, "I AM THAT I AM."'" + +# I AM THAT I AM + +Possible meanings are 1) this whole sentence is God's name or 2) God is not telling his name but something about himself. By saying this, God is teaching that he is eternal; he has always lived and always will live. + +# I AM + +Languages that do not have an equivalent to the verb "am" may need to render this as "I LIVE" or "I EXIST." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/16.md b/exo/03/16.md index 937e59a078..9a1c9727b9 100644 --- a/exo/03/16.md +++ b/exo/03/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + God continues speaking to Moses. -## the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob ## +# the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were three of Moses's ancestors. They all worshiped the same God. -## I have indeed observed you ## +# I have indeed observed you The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. -## They will listen to you ## +# a land flowing with milk and honey -"The elders will listen to you." The word "you" refers to Moses. \ No newline at end of file +"a land where milk and honey flow." God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:8](./07.md). AT: "a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# flowing with + +"full of" or "with an abundance of" + +# milk + +Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. AT: "food from livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# honey + +Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. AT: "food from crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will listen to you + +The word "you" refers to Moses. AT: "The elders will listen to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/19.md b/exo/03/19.md index 9b6d4b03dc..d4d4ce3877 100644 --- a/exo/03/19.md +++ b/exo/03/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + God continues speaking to Moses. -## his hand is forced ## +# unless his hand is forced -AT: "he is forced" or "his will to resist is broken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. The word "hand" is a metonymy for the power of the owner of the hand. Possible meanings are 1) "only if he sees that he has no power to do anything else," where the "hand" belongs to Pharaoh; where the "hand" belongs to Yahweh, 2) "only if I force him to let you go" or 3) "not even if I force him to let you go." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## will not go empty-handed ## +# I will reach out with my hand and attack -handed** - AT: "will go with their hands full of good things" or "will go with many valuable things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" refers to God's power. AT: "I will powerfully attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will not go empty-handed + +The word here "empty-handed" is used to emphasize the opposite meaning. AT: "will go with your hands full of good things" or "will go with many valuable things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# any women staying in her neighbors' houses + +"any Egyptian woman staying in the houses of her Egyptian neighbors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/03/intro.md b/exo/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d2e1b0f7dd --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Exodus 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records one of the most important events in the history of the Israelite people: the revelation of the name Yahweh at the burning bush. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's holiness ##### +God is so holy that people could not look upon him without dying. This is why Moses covered his eyes. It is also why he took off his shoes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh ##### +The name Yahweh is sacred in the Hebrew religion. It is the personal name of God, which he revealed to Moses. It is by this name, he is known. Yahweh means "I am." Some translations use all capitals to set this apart, "I AM." Great care must be taken in translating the phrase "I am that I am." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/01.md b/exo/04/01.md index 7cd4928cc6..d711531f9c 100644 --- a/exo/04/01.md +++ b/exo/04/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## if they do not believe ## +# if they do not believe "if the Israelites do not believe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/04.md b/exo/04/04.md index c02f3e83ad..bacb446324 100644 --- a/exo/04/04.md +++ b/exo/04/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## take it by the tail ## +# take it by the tail "pick it up by the tail" or "grasp it by the tail" -## became a staff ## +# became a staff "turned into a rod" or "changed into a staff" -## the God of their ancestors, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob ## +# the God of their ancestors, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were three of their ancestors. They all worshiped the same God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/06.md b/exo/04/06.md index bff6667f9e..35abcf7e7b 100644 --- a/exo/04/06.md +++ b/exo/04/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## behold ## +# behold -This word is used to create an exclamation, showing surprise. +This word is used to create an exclamation, showing surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## as white as snow ## +# as white as snow -Leprosy causes the skin to look white. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "as" here is used to compare what Moses' hand looked like. Leprosy causes the skin to look white. You may not have a word for snow in your language. If so, consider an alternative that describes something white. AT: "as white as wool or as white as the sand on the beach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/08.md b/exo/04/08.md index 9a8be9fe74..863698ef13 100644 --- a/exo/04/08.md +++ b/exo/04/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## pay attention ## +# pay attention -"acknowledge" or "accept" or "take to heart" \ No newline at end of file +"acknowledge" or "accept" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/10.md b/exo/04/10.md index c431a86c74..39114613ea 100644 --- a/exo/04/10.md +++ b/exo/04/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## eloquent ## +# eloquent "an excellent speaker" -## I am slow of speech and slow of tongue ## +# I am slow of speech and slow of tongue -The phrases "slow of speech" and "slow of tongue" mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize that that he is not a good speaker. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The phrases "slow of speech" and "slow of tongue" mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize that he is not a good speaker. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Who is it who made man’s mouth? Who makes a man mute or deaf or seeing or blind? Is it not I, Yahweh? ## +# slow of tongue -By these questions Yahweh presses his point that he is the Creator, and he is the one who makes a person able to do something or not able to do something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "tongue" refers to Moses' ability to speak. AT: "unable to speak well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and I will be with your mouth ## +# Who is it who made man's mouth? -This means that God will give Moses the right words to speak at the right time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the Creator who makes if possible for people to speak. AT: "I Yahweh am the one who created the human mouth and the ability to speak!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who makes a man mute or deaf or seeing or blind? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who decides if people can speak and hear, and if they can see. AT: "I Yahweh make people able to speak, or hear, or to see, or to be blind!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is it not I, Yahweh? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he alone makes these decisions. AT: "I, Yahweh, am the one who does this!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I will be with your mouth + +Here "mouth" refers to Moses' ability to speak. AT: "I will give you the ability to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/14.md b/exo/04/14.md index 52a618b682..36ee674cc2 100644 --- a/exo/04/14.md +++ b/exo/04/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## I will be with your mouth ## +# he will be glad in his heart -This means God will give Moses the right words to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "heart" refers to inner thoughts and emotions. AT: "he will be very happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He will be your mouth ## +# put the words to say into his mouth -"He will say what you tell him to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Words here are spoken of as if they were something that can be physically placed in a person's mouth. AT: "give him the message that he is to repeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you will be to him like me, God ## +# I will be with your mouth -Just as God told Moses what to say, Moses would tell Aaron what to say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "mouth" here represents Moses choice of words. AT: "I will give you the right words to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with his mouth + +The word "mouth" here represents Aaron's choice of words. AT: "I will give him the right words to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He will be your mouth + +The word "mouth" here represents Aaron repeating what Moses told him. AT: "He will say what you tell him to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will be to him like me, God + +The word "like" here means Moses would represent the same authority to Aaron as God did to Moses. AT: "you will speak to Aaron with the same authority with which I spoke to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/18.md b/exo/04/18.md index 504b36523e..18a030741f 100644 --- a/exo/04/18.md +++ b/exo/04/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## father-in-law ## +# father-in-law -in-law** - This refers to the father of Moses' wife. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the father of Moses' wife. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/21.md b/exo/04/21.md index daa80554cb..387cce69d1 100644 --- a/exo/04/21.md +++ b/exo/04/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## will harden his heart ## +# will harden his heart -Possible meanings are 1) "will make him unwilling to obey you" or 2) "will make him unwilling to obey me." +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. AT: "will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Israel is my son ## +# Israel is my son -The word "Israel" is a shortened form of "the people of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "Israel" here represents all the people of Israel. AT: "The people of Israel are my own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## is my son, my firstborn ## +# is my son, my firstborn -"is like my son, my firstborn" or "is like a firstborn son to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a firstborn son who causes joy and pride. AT: "is like my own firstborn son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you have refused to let him go ## +# you have refused to let him go -The word "him" refers to the people of Israel as God's son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "him" refers to the people of Israel as God's son. AT: "you have refused to let my son go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will certainly kill your son, your firstborn ## +# I will certainly kill your son, your firstborn The word "son" here refers to the actual son of Pharaoh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/24.md b/exo/04/24.md index 9c9b9801e2..151731935f 100644 --- a/exo/04/24.md +++ b/exo/04/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Yahweh met Moses and tried to kill him ## +# Yahweh met Moses and tried to kill him This may have been because Moses had not circumcised his son. -## Zipporah ## +# Zipporah This is the name of Moses's wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## flint knife ## +# flint knife -a knife with a sharpened stone blade +This was a knife with a sharpened stone blade. -## Moses' feet ## +# to his feet -This may be a milder or more polite way to refer to the private parts of Moses's body . (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +It is possible that the word "feet" here may have been a more respectful way to refer to the genital area of the body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## You are a bridegroom of blood ## +# you are a bridegroom to me by blood -AT: "You are related to me by this blood" or "You are my husband because of blood." \ No newline at end of file +The meaning of this metaphor is unclear. It was probably a known saying in that culture. AT: "you are related to me by this blood" or "you are my husband because of blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/27.md b/exo/04/27.md index 6b1fd9100e..e26cfc1925 100644 --- a/exo/04/27.md +++ b/exo/04/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## at the mountain of God ## +# Yahweh said to Aaron -AT: "at Sinai, the mountain of God" +You may want to add a word that marks the beginning of a new part of the story, as the UDB does. -## he had sent him to say ## +# at the mountain of God + +This may have been the mountain at Sinai, but the text does not include that information. + +# he had sent him to say The word "he" refers to Yahweh, and "him" refers to Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/29.md b/exo/04/29.md index 5abcb96aae..b3a15c44c2 100644 --- a/exo/04/29.md +++ b/exo/04/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## in the sight of the people ## +# in the sight of the people "before the people" or "in the presence of the people" -## had observed the Israelites ## +# had observed the Israelites "saw the Israelites" or "was concerned about the Israelites" -## they bowed their heads ## +# they bowed their heads -Possible meanings are 1) "they bowed their heads" or 2) "they bowed down low." These are ways of showing respect in worship. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "they bowed their heads in awe" or 2) "they bowed down low in reverence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/04/intro.md b/exo/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1aa3a28d25 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Exodus 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Moses does not understand ##### +Although Moses believes in Yahweh, he does not trust in him. This is because Moses lacks understanding. Moses tries to believe the things he is asked to do are done by his own power. Yahweh is trying to get Moses to trust that these are Yahweh's doing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +##### Children of God ##### +This chapter really introduces the concept that the people group Israel is the chosen people of God and God's children, possibly God's firstborn children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/firstborn]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart ##### +Scholars are divided over how to understand this statement. There is debate over whether Pharaoh plays an active or passive role in the hardening of his own heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/01.md b/exo/05/01.md index 6b55f78e93..f55381d606 100644 --- a/exo/05/01.md +++ b/exo/05/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## After these things ## +# After these things happened -AT: "Then." It is unclear how long Moses and Aaron waited until they went to see Pharoah. +It is unclear how long Moses and Aaron waited until they went to see Pharoah. -## festival for me ## +# festival for me This is a celebration to worship Yahweh. -## "Who is Yahweh? Why should I ... let Israel go?" ## +# Who is Yahweh? -These questions are used to show Pharaoh's contempt of Yahweh and that he has no interest in Yahweh or in letting the Israelites go to worship him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Pharaoh uses this question to show that he does not recognize Yahweh as a legitimate god. AT: "I do not know Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## listen to his voice ## +# Why should I ... let Israel go? -The phrase "his voice" is used to refer to what he says. AT: "listen to what he says" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Pharaoh uses this question to state that he has no interest in obeying Yahweh or in letting the Israelites go to worship him. AT: "He is nothing to me and I will not let Israel go!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# listen to his voice + +The words "his voice" represent the words God spoke. AT: "listen to what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/03.md b/exo/05/03.md index 6cfa65fb84..d39cc4a398 100644 --- a/exo/05/03.md +++ b/exo/05/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## God of the Hebrews ## +# God of the Hebrews This is a term also used for the Israelites' God or Yahweh. -## attack us with plague ## +# or with the sword -AT: "cause us to die from disease" +Here "sword" represents war or an attack by enemies. AT: "or cause our enemies to attack us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## with the sword ## +# why are you taking the people from their work? -The word "sword" is used to refer to war or an attack by enemies. AT: "or cause our enemies to attack us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## why are you taking the people from their work? ## - -This question shows anger and emphasizes that the Israelites should not be taken away from their work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Pharaoh uses this question to express his anger towards Moses and Aaron for taking the Israelites away from their work. AT: "stop distracting the people from doing their work!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/06.md b/exo/05/06.md index f423a1df8c..26eb1010db 100644 --- a/exo/05/06.md +++ b/exo/05/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## taskmasters ## +# taskmasters -“slave drivers” or “masters.” These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. +"slave drivers" These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md). -## you must no longer give ## +# you must no longer give The word "you" in these verses is plural and refers to the taskmasters and foremen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/10.md b/exo/05/10.md index 23deb43234..a8977dc568 100644 --- a/exo/05/10.md +++ b/exo/05/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## taskmasters ## +# taskmasters -“slave drivers” or “masters.” These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. +"slave drivers." These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md). -## I will no longer give you any straw … get straw wherever you can find it ## +# I will no longer give you any straw ... get straw wherever you can find it The word "you" in these verses is plural and refers to the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## your workload will not be reduced ## +# You yourselves must go -AT: "you must continue to make the same number of bricks as before" \ No newline at end of file +Here "yourselves" emphasizes that the Egyptians will no longer help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# your workload will not be reduced + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you must continue to make the same number of bricks as before" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/12.md b/exo/05/12.md index 29f182ba3a..252e7fa16b 100644 --- a/exo/05/12.md +++ b/exo/05/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## all the land of Egypt ## +# throughout all the land of Egypt -This is not to be understood literally. AT: "throughout a wide area" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is an generalization used to show the extra effort Israel made to meet Pharaoh's demands. AT: "to many places throughout Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## taskmasters ## +# stubble -“slave drivers” or “masters.” These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. +the part of a plant that is left over after harvest -## stubble ## +# taskmasters -"the part of a plant that is left over after harvest" +"slave drivers" These were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md). -## Why have you not produced all the bricks required of you ## +# Why have you not produced all the bricks required of you ... in the past? -Using a question here shows that the taskmasters were angry and harsh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The taskmasters used this question to show they were angry with the lack of bricks. AT: "You are not producing enough bricks, either yesterday or today, as you did in the past!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/15.md b/exo/05/15.md index 46ee72666c..213b4746fd 100644 --- a/exo/05/15.md +++ b/exo/05/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## cried out ## +# cried out -"complained" \ No newline at end of file +"complained" + +# they are still telling us, 'Make bricks!' + +Here "they" refers to the Egyptian taskmasters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/19.md b/exo/05/19.md index bc2b4d1b7f..736c8332fc 100644 --- a/exo/05/19.md +++ b/exo/05/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## when they were told ## +# when they were told -AT: "when Pharaoh told them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when Pharaoh told them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## palace ## +# palace -a very large house that a king lives in +This is a very large house that a king lives in. -## have put a sword in their hand to kill us ## +# you have made us offensive -AT: “have given them a reason to kill us” (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The Egyptians responded to the Israelites the same way they would respond to a foul odor. AT: "you have caused them to hate us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have put a sword in their hand to kill us + +Here "a sword" represents an opportunity to destroy enemies. AT: "have given them a reason to kill us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/22.md b/exo/05/22.md index 2a1b49e2fb..47fe01f414 100644 --- a/exo/05/22.md +++ b/exo/05/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Lord, why have you caused trouble for this people? Why did you send me in the first place? ## +# Lord, why have you caused trouble for this people? -When Moses asked God these questions, he also showed how disappointed he was that the Egyptians were treating the Israelites even more harshly now. +This question shows how disappointed he was that the Egyptians were treating the Israelites even more harshly now. AT: "Lord, I am sorry that you have caused this trouble for this people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## to speak to him in your name ## +# Why did you send me in the first place? -AT: "to give him your message" \ No newline at end of file +This question shows how disappointed Moses was that God had sent him to Egypt. AT: "I wish you had never sent me here!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to speak to him in your name + +The word "name" here represents the message of God. AT: "to give him your message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/05/intro.md b/exo/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a0790bdae4 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Exodus 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### A slave's work ##### +The Egyptians were known for making their slaves do a lot of work. They were forced to make a specific number of bricks every day. In this chapter, the were required to not only make these bricks, but also to gather the straw in order to make these bricks. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Let my people go" ##### +This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. + +##### Titles ##### +The leaders are given different titles in this chapter. The ULB uses "taskmasters" and "foreman." Many cultures will not have these types of titles. Generic words like "Egyptian leaders" and "Hebrew leader" may be necessary. The translator has freedom to adapt these titles as needed. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/01.md b/exo/06/01.md index cfcfec78b5..1ea29d7cf4 100644 --- a/exo/06/01.md +++ b/exo/06/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## because of my strong hand ## +# my strong hand -This means "because I am strong." AT: "because of my power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "hand" here represents God's actions or works. AT: "the power I show in my works" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/02.md b/exo/06/02.md index b256c36fbf..4aa207f3c6 100644 --- a/exo/06/02.md +++ b/exo/06/02.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob ## +# I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob -AT: "I showed myself to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob" +"I showed myself to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob" -## groaning ## +# I was not known to them -making sad sounds because of pain \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They did not know me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# groaning + +This means making sad sounds because of pain and suffering. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/06.md b/exo/06/06.md index 87f6f2c88d..41c4c0bf3f 100644 --- a/exo/06/06.md +++ b/exo/06/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## say to the Israelites ## +# say to the Israelites -This is a command from Yahweh to Moses. AT: "Yahweh told Moses to say to the Israelites" \ No newline at end of file +This is a command from Yahweh to Moses. AT: "Yahweh told Moses to say to the Israelites." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/08.md b/exo/06/08.md index d42df406e1..068866e90f 100644 --- a/exo/06/08.md +++ b/exo/06/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## I swore ## +# I swore -AT: "I promised" or "I said I would" \ No newline at end of file +"I promised" or "I said I would" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/10.md b/exo/06/10.md index f75f74501b..cde9389210 100644 --- a/exo/06/10.md +++ b/exo/06/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## why will Pharaoh listen to me ... not good at speaking? ## +# If the Israelites have not listened to me, why will Pharaoh listen to me, since I am not good at speaking? -AT: "Pharaoh will certainly not listen. I am not even a good speaker." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses asked this question hoping God would change His mind about using Moses. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Since the Israelites did not listen to me, neither will Pharaoh, because I am not good at speaking!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/14.md b/exo/06/14.md index b829464391..5ffb9b1c58 100644 --- a/exo/06/14.md +++ b/exo/06/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi … Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar, and Shaul ## +# the heads of their fathers' houses -These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "heads" refers to the original ancestors of the clan. AT: "the ancestors of the clans" + +# Hanok ... Shaul + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/16.md b/exo/06/16.md index 64b5c66170..37dabce686 100644 --- a/exo/06/16.md +++ b/exo/06/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Gershon, Kohath, and Merari ## +# Gershon ... Merari -These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Amran, Izhar, Hebron, Uzziel ## +# 137 years old -These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"one hundred and thirty-seven years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Amram ... Uzziel + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 133 years old + +"one hundred and thirty-three years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/20.md b/exo/06/20.md index ae0610261e..484c8c1a56 100644 --- a/exo/06/20.md +++ b/exo/06/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Korah, Nepheg, and Zichri ## +# 137 years -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"one hundred and thirty-seven years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Izhar ... Korah ... Zichri + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Uzziel ... Mishael ... Sithri + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/23.md b/exo/06/23.md index 621432205c..d163f4487b 100644 --- a/exo/06/23.md +++ b/exo/06/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar ## +# Nadab ... Ithamar -These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## These were the heads of the fathers' houses ## +# Phinehas -"The word "heads" means leaders. AT: "These were the leaders of the families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# These were the heads of the fathers' houses + +The word "heads" here represents family leaders. AT: "These were the leaders of the families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/26.md b/exo/06/26.md index e6d06940c2..97b7a69799 100644 --- a/exo/06/26.md +++ b/exo/06/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## by their groups of fighting men ## +# by their groups of fighting men -AT: "one tribe at a time" or "one family group after another" \ No newline at end of file +"one tribe at a time" or "one family group after another" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/28.md b/exo/06/28.md index f78b56ce3e..3da37748fa 100644 --- a/exo/06/28.md +++ b/exo/06/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## so why will Pharaoh listen to me? ## +# I am not good ... why will Pharaoh listen to me? -AT: "Pharaoh will certainly not listen to me!"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses asks this question hoping to change God's mind. This rhetorical question can be translated as as statement. AT: "I am not good ... Pharaoh will certainly not listen to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/06/intro.md b/exo/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3b83c80a49 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Exodus 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Promised Land ##### +According to the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham, Egypt is not the home of the Hebrew people. It is the Promised Land in Canaan. The people are to return home to their land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Let my people go ##### + +This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/01.md b/exo/07/01.md index 5e686e99a3..cef2594c4c 100644 --- a/exo/07/01.md +++ b/exo/07/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## I have made you like a god ## +# I have made you like a god -"I will cause Pharaoh to consider you as a god." \ No newline at end of file +"I will cause Pharaoh to consider you as a god" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/03.md b/exo/07/03.md index 9969b47371..bd9d416553 100644 --- a/exo/07/03.md +++ b/exo/07/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## many signs...many wonders ## +# harden Pharaoh's heart + +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 4:21](../04/21.md). AT: "will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# many signs ... many wonders The words "signs" and "wonders" mean basically the same thing. God uses them to emphasize the greatness of what he will do in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## put my hand on...reach out with my hand ## +# put my hand on ... reach out with my hand on -The words "my hand" represent God's great power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "my hand" represent God's great power. AT: "use my power against ... show my powerful acts against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/06.md b/exo/07/06.md index 7db8d1711d..5931d5f68f 100644 --- a/exo/07/06.md +++ b/exo/07/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## and Aaron eighty-three years old ## +# Aaron eighty-three years old -three years old** - "and Aaron was eighty-three years old"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Aaron was eighty-three years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/08.md b/exo/07/08.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..147b780eea --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/07/08.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# When Pharaoh says to you, 'Do a miracle,' then you will say to Aaron, 'Take your staff and throw it down before Pharaoh, so that it may become a snake.' + +This could be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "When Pharaoh tells you to do a miracle, then you will tell Aaron to take his staff and throw it down before Pharaoh, so that it may become a snake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/11.md b/exo/07/11.md index 5429f49847..64778f05ed 100644 --- a/exo/07/11.md +++ b/exo/07/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## swallowed up ## +# swallowed up "ate up" or "devoured" -## Pharaoh's heart was hardened ## +# Pharaoh's heart was hardened -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. AT: "Pharaoh became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/14.md b/exo/07/14.md index 27fa01361c..fd43678d85 100644 --- a/exo/07/14.md +++ b/exo/07/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Pharaoh's heart is hard ## +# Pharaoh's heart is hard -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](./11.md). AT: "Pharaoh is stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## when he goes out to the water ## +# when he goes out to the water -"when he goes down to the Nile River to bathe" (UDB); (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "when he goes down to the Nile River to bathe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/16.md b/exo/07/16.md index 48eca6b4d5..0885744d69 100644 --- a/exo/07/16.md +++ b/exo/07/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Say to him ## +# Say to him "Say to Pharaoh" -## strike the water ## +# strike the water "hit the water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/19.md b/exo/07/19.md index bc325bd9d9..a42f00b945 100644 --- a/exo/07/19.md +++ b/exo/07/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## throughout all ## +# throughout all "in every part of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/20.md b/exo/07/20.md index 87286c24b3..0a4573c11a 100644 --- a/exo/07/20.md +++ b/exo/07/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## in the river ## +# Pharaoh's heart was hardened -"in the Nile River" (UDB); (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](./11.md). AT: "Pharaoh became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## heart was hardened ## +# in the river -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The name of the river may be made explicit. AT: "in the Nile River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/23.md b/exo/07/23.md index 0a871f4916..60ccce9ae8 100644 --- a/exo/07/23.md +++ b/exo/07/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## All the Egyptians ## +# All the Egyptians -"The Egyptians"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "all" here is a generalization that means "many." AT: "Many of the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/07/intro.md b/exo/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7b41092191 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Exodus 07 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Miracles ##### +When Yahweh had Moses perform miracles, Pharaoh's men were able to replicate these miracles. It is unknown how they were able to do this, but since it was not from Yahweh, they were probably done under some evil power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +##### Pharaoh's hard heart ##### +Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Let my people go ##### + +This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/01.md b/exo/08/01.md index 03f95214a3..a1dc633a45 100644 --- a/exo/08/01.md +++ b/exo/08/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## The river ## +# The river -This refers to the Nile River. (UDB) +"the Nile River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## kneading bowls ## +# kneading bowls -These are bowls in which bread is made, kneaded. (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +These are bowls in which bread is made. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/08.md b/exo/08/08.md index 4f66e3fa2b..10eacd818c 100644 --- a/exo/08/08.md +++ b/exo/08/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron ## +# Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron -or "Then Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron" +"Then Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron" -## You can have the privilege of telling me when I should pray for you ## +# You can have the privilege of telling me when I should pray for you -AT: "you can choose when I will pray for you" or "you can choose the time I should pray for you" \ No newline at end of file +"You can choose when I will pray for you" or "You can choose the time I should pray for you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/13.md b/exo/08/13.md index fa3a87421f..ce51ecf0b4 100644 --- a/exo/08/13.md +++ b/exo/08/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## just as Yahweh had said that he would do ## +# he hardened his heart -"just as Yahweh had said Pharaoh would do." \ No newline at end of file +"Pharaoh hardened his heart." Here "hardened" means that he became stubborn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# just as Yahweh had said that he would do + +"just as Yahweh had said Pharaoh would do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/18.md b/exo/08/18.md index a1e247432b..48b3535ada 100644 --- a/exo/08/18.md +++ b/exo/08/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## This is the finger of God ## +# This is the finger of God -The words "finger of God" represent the smallest example of God's workmanship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The words "finger of God" represent the power of God. AT: "This is the powerful work of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Pharaoh’s heart was hardened ## +# Pharaoh's heart was hardened -This means Pharaoh broke his promise and became stubborn again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/11.md). AT: "Pharaoh became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/20.md b/exo/08/20.md index e6d1cf8485..aa7eaa19a8 100644 --- a/exo/08/20.md +++ b/exo/08/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## stand in front of Pharaoh ## +# stand in front of Pharaoh -or "present yourself to Pharaoh" +"present yourself to Pharaoh" -## Let my people go ## +# Let my people go -Or "set my people free" \ No newline at end of file +"set my people free" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/22.md b/exo/08/22.md index a1d262999c..bb74634269 100644 --- a/exo/08/22.md +++ b/exo/08/22.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh through Moses. -## ## +# the land was ruined because of the swarms of flies -the land was ruined because of the swarms of flies** - AT: "the swarms of flies devastated the land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the swarms of flies devastated the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/25.md b/exo/08/25.md index e9572133f9..203134dfd3 100644 --- a/exo/08/25.md +++ b/exo/08/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## right before their eyes ## +# right before their eyes -AT: "in their presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This was a customary way of saying "in the presence of someone." AT: "in their presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## will they not stone us? ## +# will they not stone us? -"they will certainly stone us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses asks this question to show Pharaoh the Egyptians would allow the Israelites to worship Yahweh. AT: "they will certainly stone us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/28.md b/exo/08/28.md index 5c9aef59ec..952e9257b8 100644 --- a/exo/08/28.md +++ b/exo/08/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## But you must not deal deceitfully ## +# you must not deal deceitfully any more by not letting our people go -AT: "But you must not deceive us" or "But you must not lie to us" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you must begin to deal truthfully with us and let our people go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# But you must not deal deceitfully + +"But you must not deceive us" or "But you must not lie to us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/30.md b/exo/08/30.md index 9a0b2884ab..7156fc3003 100644 --- a/exo/08/30.md +++ b/exo/08/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Pharaoh hardened his heart ## +# Pharaoh hardened his heart -Pharaoh became stubborn again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/11.md). AT: "Pharaoh became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/08/intro.md b/exo/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7929f63da1 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Exodus 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pharaoh's hard heart ##### +Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Let my people go ##### + +This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/01.md b/exo/09/01.md index 4b386f31e8..b96f115a76 100644 --- a/exo/09/01.md +++ b/exo/09/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues talking with Moses about dealing with Pharaoh and bringing the Hebrew people out of Egypt. -## if you refuse to let them go, if you still keep them back ## +# if you refuse to let them go, if you still keep them back -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize what will happen if Pharaoh does this. AT: "If you still refuse to let them go" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. They will emphasize to Pharaoh what will happen if Pharaoh does this. AT: "if you continue refusing to let them go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## then Yahweh's hand will be on your cattle ## +# then Yahweh's hand will be on your cattle -Yahweh will show his power by sending a terrible disease upon the Egyptians' livestock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "hand" here represents Yahweh's power to afflict their animals with disease. AT: "then the power of Yahweh will afflict your cattle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on your cattle + +The word "your" here refers to all the people of Egypt who owned cattle. + +# Israel's cattle + +Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "the cattle belonging to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Egypt's cattle + +Here "Egypt" refers to the people of Egypt. AT: "the cattle belonging to the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/05.md b/exo/09/05.md index 4e75a58d7d..2c112ff767 100644 --- a/exo/09/05.md +++ b/exo/09/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## fixed a time ## +# fixed a time "set a time" or "appointed a time" -## Pharaoh investigated ## +# All the cattle of Egypt died + +This is exaggerated to emphasize the seriousness of the event. There were still some animals alive that were afflicted by later plagues. However, it may be best to translate this with the word "All." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# cattle of Egypt + +Here "Egypt" refers to the people of Egypt. AT: "the cattle belonging to the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Pharaoh investigated Pharaoh collected facts about the situation. -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw. +The word "behold" here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw. -## his heart was stubborn ## +# his heart was stubborn -"he refused to change his mind"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. AT: "he refused to change his mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/08.md b/exo/09/08.md index 6865dfefcd..a2453d044f 100644 --- a/exo/09/08.md +++ b/exo/09/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## kiln ## +# kiln -furnace +a furnace -## fine ## +# fine "very small" -## blisters and sores to break out on ## +# to break out on -AT: "a painful skin disease to quickly appear" \ No newline at end of file +"to quickly appear on" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/11.md b/exo/09/11.md index 39830a781e..de6a7d1a62 100644 --- a/exo/09/11.md +++ b/exo/09/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## hardened Pharaoh's heart ## +# Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart -Yahweh caused Pharaoh to remain stubborn and resist the message he sent through Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 7:13](../07/11.md). AT: "Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/13.md b/exo/09/13.md index 4b499e308d..85c33dbb2f 100644 --- a/exo/09/13.md +++ b/exo/09/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## on you yourself ## +# on you yourself This means that even Pharaoh will be hurt by the plagues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## I will do this so that you may know ## +# I will do this so that you may know The word "this" refers to the plagues that Moses had just told Pharaoh about. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/15.md b/exo/09/15.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..be0ec6b959 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/09/15.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# reached out with my hand and attacked you + +Here "my hand" refers to God's power. AT: "used my power to strike you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that my name may be proclaimed throughout all the earth + +Here "my name" represents Yahweh's reputation. AT: "so that people everywhere will know I am great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lifting yourself up against my people + +Pharaoh's opposition to letting Israel go to worship Yahweh is spoken of as if he was raising himself up as a barrier to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/18.md b/exo/09/18.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5132ea0e82 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/09/18.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Listen! + +"Pay attention to the important thing I am about to tell you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/27.md b/exo/09/27.md index e705bb6605..c1e6c75a8d 100644 --- a/exo/09/27.md +++ b/exo/09/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## summon ## +# summon "call" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/29.md b/exo/09/29.md index f8d70207d7..c294face93 100644 --- a/exo/09/29.md +++ b/exo/09/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Moses said to him ## +# Moses said to him "Moses said to Pharaoh" -## honor Yahweh God ## +# spread my hands out to Yahweh + +This symbolic gesture accompanies prayer. AT: "lift up my hands and pray to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# honor Yahweh God Honoring God involves obeying him and living in a way that shows how great he is. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/31.md b/exo/09/31.md index 9ad6273d94..06c6e83543 100644 --- a/exo/09/31.md +++ b/exo/09/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## flax ## +# flax -a plant that produces fibers which can be made into linen cloth +This is a plant that produces fibers that can be made into linen cloth. -## barley ## +# barley -a type of grain used for making bread; also used for cattle feed +This is a type of grain used for making bread; also used for cattle feed. -## spelt ## +# spelt -a kind of wheat \ No newline at end of file +This is a kind of wheat. + +# spread out his hands to Yahweh + +This symbolic gesture accompanies prayer. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:29](./29.md). AT: "lifted up his hands toward Yahweh and prayed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/34.md b/exo/09/34.md index 6ada666100..309bfdfe0f 100644 --- a/exo/09/34.md +++ b/exo/09/34.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -"became stubborn"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# hardened his heart + +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. AT: "became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Pharaoh's heart was hardened + +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/11.md). AT: "Pharaoh became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/09/intro.md b/exo/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1bb92f7a56 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Exodus 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pharaoh's hard heart ##### + +Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Let my people go ##### + +This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/01.md b/exo/10/01.md index ce9b7d27d7..1e365fa234 100644 --- a/exo/10/01.md +++ b/exo/10/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## for I have hardened ## +# for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his servants -AT: "for I have made his heart stubborn"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh speaks of making Pharaoh and his servants stubborn as if he were making their hearts hard. See how you translated "Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart" in [Exodus 9:12](../09/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## various ## +# various "many different" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/03.md b/exo/10/03.md index c2805fdbdc..6882441d4b 100644 --- a/exo/10/03.md +++ b/exo/10/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## I will bring locusts into your land. ## +# listen -Locusts are flying insects that arrive in great swarms and eat every green leaf in their path. \ No newline at end of file +This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/05.md b/exo/10/05.md index 4db3a3aacf..ea14610805 100644 --- a/exo/10/05.md +++ b/exo/10/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## hail ## +# hail -Hail is raindrops that freeze while falling from the clouds. \ No newline at end of file +Hail is raindrops that freeze while falling from the clouds. + +# nothing ever seen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nothing anyone has ever seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/07.md b/exo/10/07.md index 4ee7596e1c..d44c645089 100644 --- a/exo/10/07.md +++ b/exo/10/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## menace ## +# menace -someone who brings trouble or harm +A "menace" is someone who brings trouble or harm. -## How long will this man be a menace to us? ## +# How long will this man be a menace to us? -AT: "We cannot allow this man to continue to bring trouble to us!"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Pharaoh's servants ask this question to show Pharaoh the extent of destruction in Egypt. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We cannot allow this man to continue to bring trouble to us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do you not yet realize that Egypt is destroyed? ## +# Do you not yet realize that Egypt is destroyed? -AT: "You should realize that Egypt is destroyed!"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Pharaoh's servants ask this question to bring Pharaoh to recognize what he refuses to see. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should realize that Egypt is destroyed!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# that Egypt is destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that these plagues have destroyed Egypt" or "that their God has destroyed Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/09.md b/exo/10/09.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f2107b1d20 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/10/09.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# if I ever let you go and your little ones go + +Pharaoh says this to emphasize that he would not let Moses take the children with them to worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# Then Moses and Aaron were driven out from Pharaoh's presence + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then Pharaoh drove Moses and Aaron out from his presence" or "Then Pharaoh had his servants drive Moses and Aaron out from his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/14.md b/exo/10/14.md index 53829db2e5..a02e6acee9 100644 --- a/exo/10/14.md +++ b/exo/10/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## locusts ## +# so that it was darkened -Locusts are large flying insects that look like grasshoppers. They are able to destroy plants. \ No newline at end of file +There were so many locusts that the land appeared to be dark. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that they darkened the land" or "so that the land appeared dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/16.md b/exo/10/16.md index 39917abfb3..a76ece37fb 100644 --- a/exo/10/16.md +++ b/exo/10/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## this time ## +# this time "once again" -## take this death away from me ## +# take this death away from me -Here "death" represents the destruction that has been brought by the locusts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "death" here refers to the destruction by the locusts of all plants in Egypt, which would eventually lead to the deaths of people because there were no crops. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "stop this destruction that will lead to our deaths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/19.md b/exo/10/19.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a8a8db511b --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/10/19.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# picked up the locusts + +"moved the locusts upwards" + +# Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart + +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/11.md). AT: "caused Pharaoh to became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/21.md b/exo/10/21.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6c1434c022 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/10/21.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# darkness that may be felt + +Yahweh speaks of extreme darkness as if it is so thick that people can grasp it in their hands. This can be stated in active form. AT: "dense darkness that people can grasp with their hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/24.md b/exo/10/24.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f57c137274 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/10/24.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# not a hoof of them may be left behind + +Here the word "hoof" refers to the entire animal. This can be stated in active form. AT: "we cannot leave behind a single animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/27.md b/exo/10/27.md index a0fd54b4da..2a28a02c1e 100644 --- a/exo/10/27.md +++ b/exo/10/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Be careful about one thing ## +# Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart -AT: "Make sure of one thing" or "Be certain of one thing" \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/11.md). AT: "caused Pharaoh to became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he would not let them go + +"Pharaoh would not let them go" + +# Be careful about one thing + +"Make sure of one thing" or "Be certain of one thing" + +# you see my face + +Here the word "face" refers to the whole person. AT: "you see me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# You yourself have spoken + +With these words, Moses emphasizes that Pharaoh has spoken the truth. AT: "What you have said is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/10/intro.md b/exo/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ada39bbe8a --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Exodus 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pharaoh's hard heart ##### + +Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Let my people go ##### + +This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/11/01.md b/exo/11/01.md index 007098f54d..c004de8ae6 100644 --- a/exo/11/01.md +++ b/exo/11/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## neighbor ## +# he will let you go from here -This is a person who lives near you. \ No newline at end of file +Each occurrence of the word "you" in this verse is plural and refers to Moses and the rest of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/11/04.md b/exo/11/04.md index 91e10a03b5..37af3c6158 100644 --- a/exo/11/04.md +++ b/exo/11/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## midnight ## +# midnight This is the time of 12 am (at night) or 2400 hours. -## firstborn ## +# All the firstborn ... the firstborn of Pharaoh ... the firstborn of the slave girl ... the firstborn of the cattle -the child who is born first in a family \ No newline at end of file +The "firstborn" always refers to the oldest male offspring. + +# who sits on his throne + +This phrase refers to Pharaoh. + +# who is behind the handmill grinding it + +"who is grinding at the handmill" or "who is behind the handmill grinding grain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/11/06.md b/exo/11/06.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c2471f8a22 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/11/06.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# After that I will go out + +This means that Moses and the people of Israel will leave Egypt. AT: "After that I will leave here" or "After that I will go out from Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/11/09.md b/exo/11/09.md index e342c65c9a..6fddfa1e86 100644 --- a/exo/11/09.md +++ b/exo/11/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## hardened Pharaoh's heart ## +# Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart -AT: "made Pharaoh refuse to change" or "made Pharaoh continue to be stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/11.md). AT: "Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/11/intro.md b/exo/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f45f515b1f --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Exodus 11 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pharaoh's hard heart ##### + +Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Let my people go ##### + +In the previous chapters, Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he demanded that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. In this chapter, the same wording is used to refer to Pharaoh "allowing" the Hebrew people to leave Egypt. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/01.md b/exo/12/01.md index f57390ad33..c7b63f9109 100644 --- a/exo/12/01.md +++ b/exo/12/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the first month of the year ## +# For you, this month will be the start of months, the first month of the year to you -A year is made up of 12 moon cycles, and Yahweh tells Moses and Aaron to begin their year at this point in order to remember how he helped them. \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the month in which the events of this chapter take place will be the beginning of their calendar year. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the first month of the year + +The first month of the Hebrew calendar includes the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. It marks when Yahweh rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/03.md b/exo/12/03.md index 97f69a234a..a548113158 100644 --- a/exo/12/03.md +++ b/exo/12/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## too small for a lamb ## +# If the household is too small for a lamb -AT: "too small to eat a whole cooked lamb"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that there are not enough people in the family to eat an entire lamb. AT: "If there are not enough people in the household to eat an entire lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the man and his next door neighbor + +Here "the man" refers to the man who is the leader of the household. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/05.md b/exo/12/05.md index cae7ac4661..4ff08a1053 100644 --- a/exo/12/05.md +++ b/exo/12/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## must be without blemish ## +# twilight -AT: "must be perfect, having no marks or scars" +This refers to the time of evening after the sun has set but while there is still some light. -## on the two doorposts and on top of the door frame ## +# on the two side doorposts and on the tops of the doorframes of the houses -AT: "all around the door" or "on the sides and top of the way into the house" +"on the sides and top of the way into the house" -## roasting ## +# Eat it with bread made without yeast -This means to cook over an open fire. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Eat it with bread which you have made without yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## bitter herbs ## +# bitter herbs These are small plants that have a strong and usually bad taste. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/09.md b/exo/12/09.md index 5557a27655..2bf13ff5c6 100644 --- a/exo/12/09.md +++ b/exo/12/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Do not eat it raw ## +# Do not eat it raw "Do not eat the lamb or goat uncooked" -## belt ## +# You must not let any of it be left over until morning + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not leave any of it until the morning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# belt This refers to a strip of leather or fabric for tying around the waist. -## eat it hurriedly ## +# eat it hurriedly -AT: "eat it quickly" or "eat it fast" \ No newline at end of file +"eat it quickly" + +# It is Yahweh's Passover + +Here the word "it" refers to eating the animal on the tenth day of the month. AT: "This observance is Yahweh's Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/12.md b/exo/12/12.md index 2bcf98b7ac..37509f22c6 100644 --- a/exo/12/12.md +++ b/exo/12/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## for my coming to you ## +# I will bring punishment on all the gods of Egypt -This implies that Yahweh will see the blood which indicates an Israelite home. AT: "that I will see when I come to you"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be stated with a verbal form. AT: "I will punish all the gods of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## pass over ## +# for my coming to you -AT: "will not enter your house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This implies that Yahweh will see the blood which indicates an Israelite home. AT: "that I will see when I come to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will pass over you + +The words "pass over" were a customary way of saying to not visit or enter. AT: "I will not enter your house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for you, throughout your people's generations + +"for you and all the generations of your descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/15.md b/exo/12/15.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a2be345eda --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/12/15.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# that person must be cut off from Israel + +The metaphor "cut off" has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) "the people of Israel must send him away" or 2) "I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel" or 3) "the people of Israel must kill him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# an assembly that is set apart to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "an assembly that you have set apart to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# No work will be done on these days + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will do no work on these days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# That must be the only work that may be done by you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "That must be the only work that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/17.md b/exo/12/17.md index 6a8d6f2c0a..b056712a76 100644 --- a/exo/12/17.md +++ b/exo/12/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the fourteenth day ## +# armed group by armed group -AT: "day 14 of the moon cycle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +The term used for these groups is a military term referring to a large number of soldiers. AT: "division by division" or "regiment by regiment" -## twilight ## +# twilight -AT: "early in the evening" See how you translated this in verse 6 of [Exodus 12:5](./05.md). +This refers to the time of evening after the sun has set but while there is still some light. See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:6](./05.md). -## the twenty-first day of the month ## +# the fourteenth day in the first month -first day of the month** - AT: "day 21 of the moon cycle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the twenty-first day of the month + +"the twenty-first day of the first month." This is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/19.md b/exo/12/19.md index 7a84241d2f..c2df6d8a4e 100644 --- a/exo/12/19.md +++ b/exo/12/19.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -“you must exclude him from the community of Israel” or “will no longer belong to the community of Israel” \ No newline at end of file +# no yeast must be found in your houses + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "there must not be any yeast in your houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# must be cut off from the community of Israel + +The metaphor "cut off" has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) "the people of Israel must send him away" or 2) "I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel" or 3) "the people of Israel must kill him." See how you translated "must be cut off from Israel" in [Exodus 12:15](./15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# bread made without yeast + +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:08](./05.md). AT: "bread which you have made without yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/21.md b/exo/12/21.md index 0e7a298fce..4ad698dd50 100644 --- a/exo/12/21.md +++ b/exo/12/21.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## summoned ## +# summoned -"officially called " +"officially called" -## select ## - -"choose" or "pick" - -## kids ## - -"young goats" - -## bunch ## - -" big handful" or "cluster" - -## hyssop ## +# hyssop This is a plant in the mint family, which is woody and used for thin twigs. -## door frame ## +# the top of the doorframe and the two doorposts -This refers to the supporting sides and top around a door. \ No newline at end of file +"on the sides and top of the way into the house." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:7](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/23.md b/exo/12/23.md index f5f4797049..54c3822336 100644 --- a/exo/12/23.md +++ b/exo/12/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## Yahweh will pass through ## +# pass over your door -"Yahweh will pass through Egypt" (UDB); (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## pass over your door ## - -This means that God will spare or have mercy on the Israelites in homes that are "covered" by blood. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "door" implies the entire house. This means that God will spare the Israelites in houses with blood on the doors. AT: "pass over your house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/24.md b/exo/12/24.md index 0619888957..ce55e53457 100644 --- a/exo/12/24.md +++ b/exo/12/24.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -AT: “regularly celebrate” \ No newline at end of file +# this event ... this act of worship + +These phrases refer to the Passover or Festival of Unleavened Bread. Observing the Passover was an act of worshiping Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/26.md b/exo/12/26.md index 0174537cdd..fa47b57553 100644 --- a/exo/12/26.md +++ b/exo/12/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## He set our households free. ## +# He set our households free -AT: "He did not kill the firstborn sons in our houses." \ No newline at end of file +This means that Yahweh spared the Israelites' firstborn sons. AT: "He did not kill the firstborn sons in our houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# as Yahweh had commanded Moses and Aaron + +"everything that Yahweh told Moses and Aaron to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/29.md b/exo/12/29.md index bcc5d6aa91..1ef9dfe595 100644 --- a/exo/12/29.md +++ b/exo/12/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## at midnight ## +# at midnight -AT: "in the middle of the night" +"in the middle of the night" -## cattle ## +# all the firstborn in the land of Egypt ... all the firstborn of cattle -Besides cattle, this can also mean sheep, goats, horses, and/or donkeys. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/livestock]]) +Here, "firstborn" always refers to the oldest male offspring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 11:5](../11/04.md). -## There was loud lamenting in Egypt ## +# who sat on his throne -"All the Egyptians cried loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This refers to Pharaoh. -## for there was not a house where there was not someone dead ## +# the firstborn of the person in prison -AT: "because in every house someone's child had died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +"to the firstborn of people in prison." This refers to prisoners, in general, and not to a specific person in prison. + +# There was loud lamenting in Egypt + +This can be stated with a verbal form. AT: "All the Egyptians cried loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for there was not a house where there was not someone dead + +This double negative emphasizes the positive. AT: "because someone was dead in every house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/31.md b/exo/12/31.md index b4c177b9b5..9a3c5050ba 100644 --- a/exo/12/31.md +++ b/exo/12/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## We are all dead people ## +# We are all dead people -AT: "If you do not leave quickly, we will all die!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The Egyptians use the present tense to emphasize that they will surely die if the Israelites did not leave Egypt. AT: "We will all die if you do not leave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/34.md b/exo/12/34.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3f23e4105a --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/12/34.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Their kneading bowls were already tied up in their clothes and on their shoulders + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They had already tied up their kneading bowls in their clothes and on their shoulders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/37.md b/exo/12/37.md index 8838963829..b20b0570de 100644 --- a/exo/12/37.md +++ b/exo/12/37.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Rameses ## +# Rameses -See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md). +Rameses was a major Egyptian city where grain was stored. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md). -## Succoth ## +# They numbered about 600,000 men -This is a place name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"They numbered about six hundred thousand men." The total number of men was about 600,000. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## They numbered about 600,000 men ## +# bread without yeast in the dough -They counted about 600,000 men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"bread with dough that did not contain yeast" + +# they had been driven out of Egypt + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Egyptians had driven them out of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 430 years + +"four hundred and thirty years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/41.md b/exo/12/41.md index f5f9198091..ccca532e81 100644 --- a/exo/12/41.md +++ b/exo/12/41.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Yahweh's armed groups ## +# 430 years -All the people of Israel, or all the tribes of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +"four hundred and thirty years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Yahweh's armed groups + +This refers to the tribes of Israel. See how you translated "armed group" in [Exodus 12:17](./17.md). + +# to be observed by all the Israelites + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that all the Israelites were to observe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all the Israelites throughout their people's generations + +"all the Israelites and the all the generations of their descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/43.md b/exo/12/43.md index 363567fc93..7e758a9aa6 100644 --- a/exo/12/43.md +++ b/exo/12/43.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Here is the rule ## - -"These are the regulations" - -## no foreigner may share in eating it ## +# No foreigner may share in eating it The pronoun "it" refers to the Passover meal. -## every Israelites' slave ## +# every Israelite's slave -"every Israelites' male slave" \ No newline at end of file +"any slave of an Israelite" + +# bought with money + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the Israelite has bought with money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/45.md b/exo/12/45.md index 85613b15b6..e066f71fa1 100644 --- a/exo/12/45.md +++ b/exo/12/45.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## you must not break any bone of it ## +# The food must be eaten in one house -AT: "you must not break any of its bones" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Each Israelite family must eat the food in one house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you must not break any bone of it + +"you must not break any of its bones." Here the word "it" refers to the lamb which the Israelite family will eat. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/47.md b/exo/12/47.md index 8b736c6080..eba3d4dceb 100644 --- a/exo/12/47.md +++ b/exo/12/47.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## who were born in the land ## +# all his male relatives must be circumcised -Those who are Israelites by birth. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone must circumcise all his male relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the people who were born in the land + +Here the word "land" refers to Canaan. The expression "born in the land" means a person who is a native Israelite. AT: "those who are Israelites by birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# no uncircumcised person may eat + +This can be stated in positive terms. AT: "only circumcised people may eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/49.md b/exo/12/49.md index 7beeacd8ac..bcf246208d 100644 --- a/exo/12/49.md +++ b/exo/12/49.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## This same law will apply to both the native-born and to the foreigner ## +# as Yahweh had commanded Moses and Aaron -born and to the foreigner **- AT: "This same law will be for, and must be obeyed by, the native-born and the foreigner" +"everything that Yahweh told Moses and Aaron to do" -## by their armed groups ## +# It came about -See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:41](./41.md). \ No newline at end of file +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# by their armed groups + +The term used for these groups is a military term referring to a large number of soldiers. See how you translated "armed group" in [Exodus 12:17](./17.md). AT: "by their divisions" or "by their regiments" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/12/intro.md b/exo/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..24a73acee8 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Exodus 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The events of this chapter are known as the Passover. They are remembered in the celebration of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Unleavened bread ##### +The concept of unleavened bread is introduced in this chapter. Its significance stems from its connection to the events in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unleavenedbread]]) + +##### Ethnic segregation ##### +The Hebrew people were to be separate from the rest of the world. Because of this, they separated themselves from other people groups. At this time, these foreigners were looked upon as unholy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unholy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/01.md b/exo/13/01.md index 120774e45c..ddaf67bd8d 100644 --- a/exo/13/01.md +++ b/exo/13/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Consecrate to me ... every firstborn male ## +# Set apart to me ... every firstborn male God requires that every firstborn male child be set apart for him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/03.md b/exo/13/03.md index fd80b71777..f1635ae654 100644 --- a/exo/13/03.md +++ b/exo/13/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Call this day to mind ## +# Call this day to mind -AT: "Remember and celebrate this day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The words "Call ... to mind" were a customary way of telling someone to remember something. AT: "Remember and celebrate this day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## house of slavery ## +# the house of slavery -AT: "place where you were slaves" +Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. AT: "the place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Yahweh's strong hand ## +# Yahweh's strong hand -The word "hand" refers to power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "hand" refers to power. See how you translated "strong hand" in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## No bread with yeast may be eaten ## +# No bread with yeast may be eaten -AT: "You must not eat bread with yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must not eat bread with yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Abib ## +# the month of Aviv -This is the name of a month. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## a land flowing with milk and honey ## +# a land flowing with milk and honey -See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:7](../03/07.md). +Since milk comes from cows and goats, "milk" represents food produced by livestock. Because honey is produced from flowers, "honey" represents food from crops. See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:8](../03/07.md). AT: "food from livestock and from crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you must observe this act of worship ## +# you must observe this act of worship -This sentence introduces what the people must do each year to worship God by remembering this day. AT: "you must worship me by doing this" or "you must have this festival." \ No newline at end of file +When the Israelites live in Canaan, they must celebrate the Passover on this day each year. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 12:25](../12/24.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/06.md b/exo/13/06.md index 6e8024ebb5..f0734d76e7 100644 --- a/exo/13/06.md +++ b/exo/13/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel +# General Information: -## For seven days ## +Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. -AT: "For 7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# For seven days -## on the seventh day ## +"For 7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -AT: "after six days" +# Bread without yeast must be eaten -## Bread without yeast must be eaten ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must eat bread without yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "You must eat bread without yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# no bread with yeast may be seen among you -## no bread with yeast may be seen among you ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You may not have any bread with yeast among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "You may not have bread with yeast among you" +# No yeast may be seen with you -## No yeast may be seen with you ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You may not have any yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "You may not have yeast" \ No newline at end of file +# within any of your borders + +"inside any of the borders of your land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/08.md b/exo/13/08.md index ab6400d2eb..7c43c905d8 100644 --- a/exo/13/08.md +++ b/exo/13/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## reminder for you on your hand, and a reminder on your forehead. ## +# On that day you are to say to your children, 'This is because of what Yahweh did for me when I came out of Egypt.' + +The quotation can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "On that day you are to tell your children that this is because of what Yahweh did for you when you came out of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# This will be a reminder for you on your hand, and a reminder on your forehead These are two different types of physical reminders so people will not forget something important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## reminder for you on your hand ## +# a reminder for you on your hand -Just as binding an object to your hand will remind you of something, this festival will be a reminder for you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Moses speaks of celebrating the festival as if it were tying an object around their hands to remind them of what Yahweh had done. AT: "like something you tie around your hand as a reminder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## reminder on your forehead ## +# a reminder on your forehead -Just as binding an object to your head will remind you of something, this festival will be a reminder for you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Moses speaks of celebrating the festival as if it were tying an object around their foreheads to remind them of what Yahweh had done. AT: "like something you tie around your head as a reminder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## This is so that Yahweh's law may be in your mouth ## +# so the law of Yahweh may be in your mouth -They are to remember this event and speak of it often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The words "in your mouth" here refers to the words that they speak. AT: "so you may always be speaking of the law of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## strong hand ## +# strong hand -This refers to God's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "hand" here represents God's actions or works. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). AT: "the power I show in my works" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/11.md b/exo/13/11.md index c20bf2ca8a..e1a68faa07 100644 --- a/exo/13/11.md +++ b/exo/13/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## and when he gives the land to you ## +# when he gives the land to you -AT: "and when he gives the land of the Canaanites to you" +"when he gives the land of the Canaanites to you" -## Every firstborn of a donkey... ## +# Every firstborn of a donkey Israel is given a choice to kill the firstborn donkey or buy it back with a lamb. -## each of your firstborn males among all your sons ... ## +# each of your firstborn males among all your sons -Every one in Israel who had a firstborn son, must buy him back. \ No newline at end of file +Everyone in Israel who had a firstborn son, must buy him back. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/14.md b/exo/13/14.md index f02066d548..2971b65b25 100644 --- a/exo/13/14.md +++ b/exo/13/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## strong hand ## +# When your son asks you later, 'What does this mean?' then you are to tell him -This refers to God's power. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The first quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "When your son asks you later what this means, then you are to tell him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## house of slavery ## +# strong hand -Just as a house of slaves contains slaves, so was Egypt housing Israel in slavery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "hand" here represents God's actions or works. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). AT: "the power I show in my works" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## firstborn of people ## +# the house of slavery -AT: "firstborn sons" +Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:3](./03.md). AT: "the place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## become reminders on your hands ## +# become a reminder on your hands, and a reminder on your forehead -Just as one would wear an object on their hand to remind them of something, the firstborn sacrifice is to remind Israel of God slaying the firstborn of the Egyptians and Israel being set free. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## become reminders on your hands, and reminders on your forehead ## - -This expresses two ways to remember the importance of the passover event. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## and reminders on your forehead ## - -Just as one would wear an object on their forehead to remind them of something, the firstborn sacrifice is to remind Israel of God slaying the firstborn of the Egyptians and Israel being set free. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This expresses two ways to remember the importance of the passover event. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 13:8-10](./08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/17.md b/exo/13/17.md index 355ec19fce..1ac96af340 100644 --- a/exo/13/17.md +++ b/exo/13/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## nearby ## +# nearby -AT: "closer to where they were located" +"close to where they were located" -## the people will change their minds ... and ... return to Egypt ## +# the people will change their minds ... and ... return to Egypt -Since Israel lived in slavery all their lives, they were not prepared physically or emotionally for war. They would choose to go back to slavery than fight. \ No newline at end of file +Since Israelites had lived in slavery all their lives, they were more accustomed to peace than to war and would rather return to slavery than fight. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/19.md b/exo/13/19.md index d1ae6a0329..31d18dbaf4 100644 --- a/exo/13/19.md +++ b/exo/13/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## solemnly swear ## +# camped at Etham -AT: "make a very serious promise" +Etham is located south of the route heading towards the Philistines, at the border of the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## camped at Etham ## +# pillar of cloud ... pillar of fire -Ethan is located south of the route heading towards the Philistines, at the border of the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## pillar of cloud ... pillar of fire ## - -God is with them in a cloud by day and in a fire by night. \ No newline at end of file +"a cloud in the shape of a column ... fire in the shape of a column." God is with them in a cloud by day and in a fire by night. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/13/intro.md b/exo/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a415e0a857 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Exodus 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter records the instructions for the celebration of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Law ##### +The law mentioned here is not the law of Moses because it has not yet been revealed. Instead, it is a more generic "rule." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Let my people go ##### + +This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. When this chapter states that Pharaoh let the people go, it indicates that he gave them permission to leave. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/01.md b/exo/14/01.md index 6a898844be..6735ba7867 100644 --- a/exo/14/01.md +++ b/exo/14/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Pi Hahiroth...Migdol...Baal Zephon ## +# Pi Hahiroth ... Migdol ... Baal Zephon -These are places on Egypt's eastern border. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are towns on Egypt's eastern border. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## You are to camp ## +# You are to camp -God is referring to Moses and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here the word "You" is plural and refers to Moses and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## They are wandering...in on them ## +# Pharaoh will say about the Israelites, 'They are wandering in the land. The wilderness has closed in on them.' -Pharaoh is speaking about the Israelites. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "Pharaoh will say the Israelites are wandering in the land and the wilderness has closed in on them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# The wilderness has closed in on them + +Pharaoh speaks of the wilderness as a person who has trapped the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/04.md b/exo/14/04.md index 4c7e4cd605..8bc9c86d36 100644 --- a/exo/14/04.md +++ b/exo/14/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to instruct Moses on where to go and what Yahweh will do. -## I ## +# I will harden Pharaoh's heart -The pronoun "I" in Verse 4 refers to Yahweh. +Here "heart" refers to the Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/11.md). AT: "I will cause Pharaoh to became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## harden Pharaoh's heart ## +# he will pursue them -God will cause Pharaoh to oppose God's will more strongly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Pharaoh will pursue the Israelites" -## I will get honor ## +# I will get honor -AT: "People will honor me" +"People will honor me" -## The Egyptians will know that I am Yahweh. ## +# The Egyptians will know that I am Yahweh -AT: "The Egyptians will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God." +"The Egyptians will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" -## had fled ## +# So the Israelites camped as they were instructed -AT: "had run away" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So the Israelites camped as Yahweh had instructed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## "What have we done in letting Israel go free from working for us?" ## +# When the king of Egypt was told -Pharaoh and his leaders quickly forgot God's judgement and want Israel back as slave labor. AT: "We have done a stupid thing by letting Israel go free from working for us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When someone told the king of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the king of Egypt + +This refers to Pharaoh. + +# had fled + +"had run away" + +# the minds of Pharaoh and his servants turned against the people + +Here the word "minds" refers to their attitudes towards the Israelites. AT: "Pharaoh and his servants changed their attitudes about the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What have we done in letting Israel go free from working for us? + +They asked this question to show they thought they did a foolish thing. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We have done a stupid thing by letting Israel go free from working for us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/06.md b/exo/14/06.md index b851bc7534..8b2067e0c4 100644 --- a/exo/14/06.md +++ b/exo/14/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## He took six hundred chosen chariots ## +# He took six hundred chosen chariots -AT: "He took 600 of his best chariots". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"He took 600 of his best chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh ## +# Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh -God made Pharaoh regret letting Israel leave Egypt. +Here "heart" refers to the Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/11.md). AT: "Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his horsemen ## +# Pi Hahiroth ... Baal Zephon -soldiers who are trained to fight while riding horses. - -## Pi Hahiroth…Baal Zephon ## - -See how you translated this in [Exodus 14:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +These are towns on Egypt's eastern border. See how you translated them in [Exodus 14:02](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/10.md b/exo/14/10.md index d3ca863bb1..95fc4552e5 100644 --- a/exo/14/10.md +++ b/exo/14/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Pharaoh came close ## +# When Pharaoh came close -The word Pharaoh here is used to refer to the entire Egyptian army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "Pharaoh" here represents the entire Egyptian army. AT: "When Pharaoh and his army came close" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## and they were terrified ## +# they were terrified -AT: "and they were very afraid" +"the Israelites were terrified" -## "Is it because there were no graves in Egypt, that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness? ## +# Is it because there were no graves in Egypt, that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness? -The Israelites express their frustration and fear of dying. AT: "There are plenty of graveyards in Egypt for us to be buried in. You did not have to take us into the wilderness to die!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The Israelites ask this question to express their frustration and fear of dying. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "There were plenty of graveyards in Egypt for us to be buried in. You did not have to take us into the wilderness to die!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why have you treated us like this, bringing us out of Egypt? ## +# Why have you treated us like this, bringing us out of Egypt? -The Israelites express their frustration and fear of dying. AT: "You have led us out of Egypt to be killed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The Israelites ask this question to rebuke Moses for bringing them to the desert to die. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not have treated us like this by bringing us out of Egypt!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## We said to you, 'Leave us alone, so we can work for the Egyptians' ## +# Is this not what we told you in Egypt? -The Israelites express their frustration and fear of dying. AT: "We told you to leave us alone so we can continue to be slaves of the Egyptians." \ No newline at end of file +The Israelites ask this question to emphasize that this is what they had told Moses. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "This is exactly what we told you while we were in Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# We said to you, 'Leave us alone, so we can work for the Egyptians.' + +This can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "We told you to leave us alone, so we could work for the Egyptians." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/13.md b/exo/14/13.md index 5428534f93..c5262bdbf6 100644 --- a/exo/14/13.md +++ b/exo/14/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Moses said to the people ## +# Moses said to the people -Moses responds to the Israelites fears. +Moses responds to the Israelites' fears. -## for you ## +# provide for you -pronoun "you" refers to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The pronoun "you" refers to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## For you will never see again the Egyptians ## +# For you will never see again the Egyptians -God is stating that he will slay the Egyptian army. AT: "The Egyptian army will not attack you again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses used a polite way of saying God was going to destroy the Egyptian army. AT: "For God will kill the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/15.md b/exo/14/15.md index 9568b59089..7d1f2abca9 100644 --- a/exo/14/15.md +++ b/exo/14/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Why are you, Moses, continuing to call out to me? ## +# Why are you, Moses, continuing to call out to me? -Moses apparently had been praying to God for help, but God told him that it was now time to act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses apparently had been praying to God for help so God uses this question to compel Moses to act. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Do not call out to me any longer, Moses." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## divide it in two ## +# divide it in two -AT: "cut the sea into two pieces" +"divide the sea into two parts" -## Be aware ## +# Be aware -AT: "Know" +"Know" -## I will harden the Egyptians' hearts ## +# I will harden the Egyptians' hearts -Yahweh will cause the Egyptians to continue to believe the lie that they are stronger than Yahweh. +Here "hearts" refers to the Egyptians themselves. Their stubborn attitude is spoken of as if their hearts were hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/11.md). AT: "I will cause the Egyptians to became more defiant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## …so they will go after them ## +# so they will go after them -God will harden the hearts of the Egyptians so that the Egyptians will follow the Israelites into the sea. - -## horsemen ## - -See how you translated this in [Exodus 14:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file +"so that the Egyptians will go into the sea after the Israelites" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/19.md b/exo/14/19.md index 74c5ede6aa..c215f38631 100644 --- a/exo/14/19.md +++ b/exo/14/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the camp of Israel ## +# the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel -"the Israelite people" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"the Egyptian army and the Israelite people" + +# so one side did not come near the other + +This means that the Egyptians and the Israelites could not approach one another. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/21.md b/exo/14/21.md index 1fadee3fb6..72ce626a3a 100644 --- a/exo/14/21.md +++ b/exo/14/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## east wind ## +# east wind -An east wind originates in the east and blows west. +An east wind originates in the east and blows towards the west. -## east ## +# east where the sun rises -## on their right hand and on their left ## +# the waters were divided + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh divided the waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on their right hand and on their left "on each side of them" or "on both sides of them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/23.md b/exo/14/23.md index ef552d3011..ca96898960 100644 --- a/exo/14/23.md +++ b/exo/14/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## He caused panic among the Egyptians ## +# He caused panic among the Egyptians Panic is when someone becomes so afraid that they cannot think normally. -## Their chariot wheels were clogged ## +# Their chariot wheels were clogged -"Their chariot wheels were getting stuck in the mud," \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Mud clogged their chariot wheels" or "Their chariot wheels were getting stuck in the mud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/26.md b/exo/14/26.md index 5f97245076..d14672f306 100644 --- a/exo/14/26.md +++ b/exo/14/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## come back onto ## +# Yahweh said to Moses, "Reach out with your hand ... and their horsemen." + +This can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "Yahweh told Moses to reach out with his hand over the sea so that the waters would come back onto the Egyptians, their chariots, and their horsemen." + +# come back onto "fall on" -## Yahweh drove the Egyptians ## +# The Egyptians fled into the sea + +Since the sea was closing in on top of the Egyptians, instead of escaping, they were actually running right into the water. + +# Yahweh drove the Egyptians "Yahweh pushed the Egyptians" or "Yahweh threw the Egyptians" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/29.md b/exo/14/29.md index c34ae09c88..4f4b1b6e2f 100644 --- a/exo/14/29.md +++ b/exo/14/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## out of the hand of the Egyptians ## +# Israel -"from the Egyptians" +Each of the occurrences of "Israel" refer to the people of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel" or "the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## on the seashore ## +# out of the hand of the Egyptians + +Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "from the Egyptians' power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on the seashore "on the land along the edge of the sea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/14/intro.md b/exo/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2a9ec7c256 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Exodus 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This is an important event in the history of Israel, known as the "parting of the Sea of Reeds." + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pharaoh's hard heart ##### + +Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh. + +##### Pharaoh's chariots ##### +These chariots were a fighting force. Pharaoh took an army to kill the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +The Israelites asked a few rhetorical questions of Moses. These questions were not really directed at Moses, but at Yahweh. This showed their lack of faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/01.md b/exo/15/01.md index 3c020ce123..8423cda7b4 100644 --- a/exo/15/01.md +++ b/exo/15/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -28]]. +# General Information: -## rider ## +This is a song about the events that happened in [Exodus 14:26-28](../14/26.md). -This is a person seated upon a horse or traveling in a chariot. \ No newline at end of file +# he has triumphed gloriously + +It can be stated explicitly over whom Yahweh triumphed. AT: "he has achieved a glorious victory over the army of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the horse and its rider he has thrown into the sea + +Moses sang about God causing the sea to cover and drown the horse and rider as if God had thrown them into the sea. AT: "he has made the sea cover over the horse and rider" or "he has made the horse and rider drown in the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the horse and its rider + +This refers to all or many of the Egyptian horses and riders that were chasing the Israelites. AT: "the horses and their riders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# rider + +This is a person who sits on a horse or travels in a chariot that a horse is pulling. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/02.md b/exo/15/02.md index e3c9534fd0..020f29849a 100644 --- a/exo/15/02.md +++ b/exo/15/02.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Yahweh is my strength and song ## +# Yahweh is my strength -This means that God is powerful and worthy of praise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh is the one who gives me strength" or 2) "Yahweh is the strong one who protects me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## warrior ## +# song -God powerfully fights our enemies and is victorious. \ No newline at end of file +Moses calls Yahweh his song because Yahweh is the one he sings about. AT: "the one I sing about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he has become my salvation + +Moses calls God his salvation because God saved him. AT: "he has saved me" or "he is the one who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh is a warrior + +Moses calls God a warrior because God powerfully fought against the Egyptians and won. AT: "Yahweh is like a warrior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/04.md b/exo/15/04.md index a45352a52e..a8eb5283e1 100644 --- a/exo/15/04.md +++ b/exo/15/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## down into the depths like a stone ## +# He has thrown Pharaoh's chariots and army into the sea -The Egyptians sank in the water like a stone or rock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses sings about God causing the sea to cover Pharaohs chariots and army as if God had thrown them into the sea. AT: "he has made the sea cover over Pharaoh's chariots and army" or "He has made Pharaoh's chariot riders and army drown in the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they went down into the depths like a stone + +Just as a stone does not float but sinks to the bottom of the sea, the enemy soldiers sank to the bottom of the sea. AT: "they went down into the deep water like a stone sinking to the bottom of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/06.md b/exo/15/06.md index b9ffe6ed53..308574acb6 100644 --- a/exo/15/06.md +++ b/exo/15/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## shattered ## +# Your right hand, Yahweh, is glorious in power -This means damaged very badly. +Moses speaks of God as if God had hands. The right hand refers to God's power or the things God does powerfully. AT: "Yahweh, your power is glorious" or "Yahweh, what you do is glorious in power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## it consumed them like stubble. ## +# your right hand, Yahweh, has shattered the enemy -AT: "it destroyed them like a fire burns up straw." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Moses speaks of God as if God had hands. The right hand refers to God's power. AT: "Yahweh, your power has shattered the enemy" or "Yahweh, by your power you have shattered the enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## By the blast of your nostrils ## +# has shattered the enemy -AT: "You blew on the sea and" (UDB); (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks of the enemy as if it were fragile and could be shattered like glass or pottery. AT: "has completely destroyed the enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who rose up against you + +Rebelling against God is spoken of as rising up against him. AT: "those who rebelled against you" or "your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You sent out your wrath + +Moses speaks of God's wrath as if it were a servant that God sent out to do something. AT: "You showed your wrath" or "You acted according to your wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# it consumed them like stubble + +Moses speaks of God's wrath as if it were fire that could completely burn up things. His enemies were completely destroyed like stubble in a fire. AT: "it completely destroyed your enemies like a fire that burns up straw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# By the blast of your nostrils + +Moses speaks of God as if God had a nose, and he speaks of the wind as if God blew the wind from his nose. AT: "You blew on the sea and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/09.md b/exo/15/09.md index 59353eb45f..fc92163347 100644 --- a/exo/15/09.md +++ b/exo/15/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## my desire will be satisfied on them; ## +# my desire will be satisfied on them -AT: I will satisfy my desire on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be expressed with an active form. AT: "I will satisfy my desire on them" or "I will take all I want from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## sank like lead in the mighty waters. ## +# my hand will destroy them -Lead is a heavy metal, commonly used to make things sink in water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The enemies speak of destroying the Israelites by the power of their hands as if it were their hands that would destroy them. AT: "I will destroy them with my hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Who is like you, Yahweh, among the gods? ## +# But you blew with your wind -AT: "O Yahweh, no one is like you among the gods!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses spoke about God making the wind blow as if God blew the wind through his nose or mouth. AT: "But you made the wind blow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sank like lead in the mighty waters + +Lead is a heavy metal that is commonly used to make things sink in water. The word "lead" here is used to show how fast God's enemies were destroyed. AT: "sank as fast as lead in the deep turbulent waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Who is like you, Yahweh, among the gods? + +Moses uses this question to show how great God is. AT: "O Yahweh, no one is like you among the gods!" or "Yahweh, none of the gods is like you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who is like you, ... doing miracles? + +Moses uses this question to show how great God is. AT: No one is like you. No one is majestic in holiness as you are, no one is honored in praises as you are, and no one does miracles as you do!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/12.md b/exo/15/12.md index b3792d4403..f4acb46311 100644 --- a/exo/15/12.md +++ b/exo/15/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## with your right hand ## +# with your right hand -The "right hand" represents the power of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The phrase "right hand" represents the strong power of God. AT: "with your strong power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and the earth swallowed them. ## +# You reached out with your right hand -This refers to God sending the enemies of Israel into the world of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks about God causing something to happen as if God reached out with his hand. AT: "With your strong power you made it happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the earth swallowed them + +Moses personifies the earth as if it could swallow or devour with it's mouth. AT: "the earth devoured them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/14.md b/exo/15/14.md index ddc75f7622..35bc025de6 100644 --- a/exo/15/14.md +++ b/exo/15/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## tremble ## +# tremble This means to shake because you are afraid. -## the inhabitants of Canaan will melt away ## +# terror will seize the inhabitants of Philistia -AT: "Those who live in Canaan will faint." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks of terror as if it were a person that could forcefully grab hold of someone and make them extremely afraid. AT: "the inhabitants of Philistia will be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# will melt away + +Moses speaks of people becoming weak from their fear as melting away. AT: "will be weak from fear" or "will be afraid and faint" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/16.md b/exo/15/16.md index cdcc2ae343..7e16f95b9d 100644 --- a/exo/15/16.md +++ b/exo/15/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Terror and dread will fall on them ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "They will be terrified and fearful" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Moses continues to sing about how the people of other nations will feel when they see God's people. -## dread ## +# Terror and dread will fall on them -Dread is extreme fear or anxiety about something that is going to happen or might happen. \ No newline at end of file +These two words mean that fear will come upon them. AT: "Fear will come upon them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# dread + +Dread is extreme fear or anxiety about something that is going to happen or might happen. + +# Because of your arm's power + +God's arm represents his great strength. AT: "Because of your great strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will become as still as a stone + +Possible meanings are 1) "They will be silent like stone" or 2) "They will be motionless as stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/17.md b/exo/15/17.md index f6525d32c3..dd2e68503b 100644 --- a/exo/15/17.md +++ b/exo/15/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## plant them ## +# You will bring them -AT: "put them" or "place them firmly"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Where God would bring them can be stated clearly. Since Moses was not already in Canaan, some languages would use "take" rather than "bring." AT: "You will take your people to Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## mountain of your inheritance ## +# plant them on the mountain -This refers to God's promise to live among them. \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks about God giving his people the land to live in as if they were a tree that God was planting. AT: "settle them on the mountain" or "let them live on the mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the mountain of your inheritance + +This refers to Mount Zion in the land of Canaan. + +# of your inheritance + +Moses speaks about God promising to give his people the mountain forever as if he were giving it to them as an inheritance. AT: "that you have given them as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that your hands have built + +The phrase "your hands" refers to God's power. AT: "that you have built by your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/19.md b/exo/15/19.md index 5e20d9f7b8..a176fe4322 100644 --- a/exo/15/19.md +++ b/exo/15/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Miriam ... Aaron ## +# Miriam ... Aaron Miriam was the older sister of Moses and Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## tambourine ## +# tambourine -This is a small drum with metal rattles on it. +This is a musical instrument like a small drum that also has pieces of metal around the side that make a sound when shaken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## triumphed gloriously ## +# he has triumphed gloriously -"triumphed gloriously over his enemies" (UDB); (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +It can be stated explicitly over whom Yahweh triumphed. See how you translated this in [Exodus 15:1](./01.md). AT: "he has achieved a glorious victory over the army of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The horse and his rider he has thrown into the sea + +Miriam sang about God causing the sea to cover and drown the horse and rider as if God had thrown them into the sea. See how you translated this in [Exodus 15:1](./01.md). AT: "He has made the horse and rider drown in the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/22.md b/exo/15/22.md index c47801bc38..a8d03a76b8 100644 --- a/exo/15/22.md +++ b/exo/15/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Moses led Israel ## +# Moses led Israel -AT: "Moses led the Israelite people"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "Israel" represents the people of Israel. AT: "Moses led the Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the Red Sea ## - -Today this body of water is the Gulf of Suez. - -## wilderness of Shur ... Marah ## +# wilderness of Shur ... Marah We do not know the exact locations of these places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/24.md b/exo/15/24.md index ed9ff2737e..ffce6bf0bf 100644 --- a/exo/15/24.md +++ b/exo/15/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## complained to Moses ## +# complained to Moses and said -AT: "were unhappy and told Moses" or "angrily told Moses" +"were unhappy and told Moses" or "angrily told Moses" -## do what is right in my eyes ## +# the voice of Yahweh your God -This means to do the things that are right according to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is speaking about his own voice. His voice represents what he says. AT: "my voice" or "what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do what is right in his eyes + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "do what Yahweh considers to be right"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will put on you none of the diseases + +God speaks of causing people to have diseases as putting diseases on them. AT: "I will not cause any of you to have the diseases" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/27.md b/exo/15/27.md index 2aaa19a67c..0e448bdc76 100644 --- a/exo/15/27.md +++ b/exo/15/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Elim ## +# Elim -This is an oasis in the desert (a place with water and shade trees). +This is an oasis in the desert, a place with water and shade trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## twelve ## +# twelve -AT: "12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## seventy ## +# seventy -AT: "70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/15/intro.md b/exo/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..529507adc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Exodus 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 15:1-18, 21, which are songs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's laws ##### +In this chapter, Moses talks about Yahweh's laws. The law of Moses is about to be introduced. Although it has not yet been formally introduced, this is what is being referenced in this chapter in anticipation of the revelation of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/01.md b/exo/16/01.md index afeab6601d..d86c3e8782 100644 --- a/exo/16/01.md +++ b/exo/16/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## on the fifteenth day of the second month ## +# wilderness of Sin -AT: "on day 15 of the second month"; See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +The word "Sin" here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. It is not the English word "sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## The whole community of Israelites complained ## +# on the fifteenth day of the second month -AT: "Almost all of the Israelite people complained" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This time coincides with the end of April and the beginning of May on Western calendars. AT: "on day 15 of the second month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## complained ## +# The whole community of Israelites -This means to say that you are unhappy about something or do not like it. +"All the Israelites." This is a generalization. Moses and Aaron did not complain. AT: "The Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## If only we had died by Yahweh's hand" ## +# complained -AT: "If only Yahweh had killed us" \ No newline at end of file +"were angry and spoke" + +# If only we had died + +This is a way of saying that they wished that they had died. AT: "We wish that we had died" + +# by Yahweh's hand + +The phrase "Yahweh's hand" represents Yahweh's action. AT: "by Yahweh's action" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/04.md b/exo/16/04.md index 4a4324675e..3934707ef4 100644 --- a/exo/16/04.md +++ b/exo/16/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## I will rain down bread from heaven for you ## +# I will rain down bread from heaven for you -AT: "I will send you food from the sky." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +God speaks of food coming down from heaven as if it were rain. AT: "I will make bread come down from heaven like rain" or "I will make bread fall to you from the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## walk in my law ## +# bread -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +God speaks of the food that he will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. AT: "food" or "food like bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## It will come about ## +# walk in my law -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +God speaks of obeying his law as walking in it. AT: "obey my law" or "live according to my law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## on the sixth day ## +# my law -AT: "on day 6"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"my command" -## twice ## +# It will come about on the sixth day, that they -AT: "two times" or "2 times"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"It will happen on the sixth day that they" or "On the sixth day they" + +# on the sixth day + +"on day 6" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# twice + +"two times" or "2 times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/06.md b/exo/16/06.md index 41a2490fa6..9634c07e3f 100644 --- a/exo/16/06.md +++ b/exo/16/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Who are we for you to complain against us? ## +# Who are we for you to complain against us? -AT: "Your argument is not with us, but with God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses and Aaron used this question to show the people that it was foolish to complain against them. AT: "We are not powerful enough for you to complain against us." or "It is foolish to complain against us, because we cannot do what you want." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Who are Aaron and I? ## +# bread -AT: "Aaron and I did not bring you out of Egypt. God did it!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks of the food that God will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in [Exodus 16:4](./04.md). AT: "food" or "food like bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Who are Aaron and I? + +Moses used this question to show the people that he and Aaron did not have the power to give them what they wanted. AT: "Aaron and I cannot give you what you want." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Your complaints are not against us; they are against Yahweh + +The people were complaining against Moses and Aaron, who were Yahweh's servants. So by complaining against them, the people were really complaining against Yahweh. AT: Your complaints are not really against us; they are against Yahweh, because we are his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/09.md b/exo/16/09.md index 5952835038..a70bb8be1a 100644 --- a/exo/16/09.md +++ b/exo/16/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## It came about ## +# It came about -This is a way of marking a new part of the story. If you have a way of doing this in your own language, you may use it. AT: "It happened that" +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. The important event here is the people seeing Yahweh's glory. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” in verse 10 alerts us to pay special attention to the information that follows. +The word "behold" here shows that the people saw something interesting. -## Then you will know that I am Yahweh, your God ## +# bread -AT: "Then you will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God." \ No newline at end of file +God speaks of the food that he will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in [Exodus 16:4](./04.md). AT: "food" or "food like bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/13.md b/exo/16/13.md index cc253b7734..57e0a2fe0b 100644 --- a/exo/16/13.md +++ b/exo/16/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## It came about ... that ## +# It came about ... that -This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark an important part of the events. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## quail ## +# quails -This is a small plump bird. \ No newline at end of file +These are small, plump birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# like frost + +The original readers knew what frost is like, so this phrase would help them understand what the flakes were like. Frost is frozen dew that forms on the ground. It is very fine. AT: "that looked like frost" or "that was fine like frost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# bread + +Moses speaks of the food that God sent as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in [Exodus 16:4](./04.md). AT: "food" or "food like bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/16.md b/exo/16/16.md index 4b2d01421e..ff6f995007 100644 --- a/exo/16/16.md +++ b/exo/16/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## omer ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "two liters"; (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses continues telling the people about the food that God was providing for them. + +# omer + +"two liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/19.md b/exo/16/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4eeebc78f5..0000000000 --- a/exo/16/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no Translation Notes for this section. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/22.md b/exo/16/22.md index 069e1d1f8c..2aaa8224c1 100644 --- a/exo/16/22.md +++ b/exo/16/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## ## +# It came about that -sixth day** - AT: "on day 6"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. Verses 16:22-30 tell about what the people did concerning the manna on the sixth and seventh days of the week. If your language has a way for marking this as a new part of the story, you could consider using it here. -## twice ## +# on the sixth day -AT: "two times" or "2 times"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"on day 6" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## solemn ## +# twice -AT: "serious" or "quiet and thoughtful" \ No newline at end of file +"two times" or "2 times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# bread + +This refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning. + +# solemn + +"serious" or "quiet and thoughtful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/24.md b/exo/16/24.md index fb82023f1f..1748af5f64 100644 --- a/exo/16/24.md +++ b/exo/16/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## become foul ## +# did not become foul -"smell rotten" +"did not smell rotten" -## today is a day reserved as a Sabbath to honor Yahweh ## +# today is a day reserved as a Sabbath to honor Yahweh -AT: "today is a Sabbath and is to be used only for honoring Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +"today is a Sabbath and is to be used only for honoring Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/26.md b/exo/16/26.md index 78f0d8b634..9b2cdf6718 100644 --- a/exo/16/26.md +++ b/exo/16/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## but the seventh day ## +# but the seventh day -AT: "but on day seven"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"but on day seven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## none ## +# manna -AT: "nothing" \ No newline at end of file +This was the name the Israelites gave to the bread that Yahweh caused to appear for them each morning. + +# they found none + +"they did not find any manna" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/28.md b/exo/16/28.md index 7849a04770..43a6725a0f 100644 --- a/exo/16/28.md +++ b/exo/16/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## sixth day ... two days ... seventh day ## +# General Information: -AT: "day 6 ... 2 days ... day 7"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks to Moses, but the word "you" refers to the people of Israel in general. + +# How long will you refuse to keep my commandments and my laws? + +God used this question to scold the people because they did not obey his laws. AT: "You people still do not keep my commandments and laws!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to keep my commandments and my laws + +"to obey my commandments and my laws" + +# Yahweh has given you the Sabbath + +Yahweh speaks about teaching people to rest on the Sabbath as if the Sabbath were a gift. AT: "I, Yahweh, have taught you to rest on the Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sixth day ... two days ... seventh day + +"day 6 ... 2 days ... day 7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# bread + +This refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/31.md b/exo/16/31.md index c3d61daf4d..9ed7e6af0c 100644 --- a/exo/16/31.md +++ b/exo/16/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## coriander seed ## +# manna -Coriander is also known as cilantro. This seed is a spice when dried. +This was the name the Israelites gave to the bread that Yahweh caused to appear for them each morning. See how you translated this in [Exodus 16:26](./26.md). -## wafer ## +# coriander seed -This is a very thin biscuit. +Coriander is also known as cilantro. People dry the seeds and grind them into a powder and put it in food to give it flavor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## omer ## +# wafers -This is an amount that is equal to 2 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +very thin biscuits or crackers + +# omer + +"2 liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# bread + +This refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/33.md b/exo/16/33.md index e82d31c8c3..f641a648a5 100644 --- a/exo/16/33.md +++ b/exo/16/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## omer ## +# Now an omer is a tenth of an ephah -AT: "two liters" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +An omer and an ephah are both containers for measuring volume. The original readers would have known how much an ephah was. This sentence would help them know how much an omer was. For languages that do not use fractions, this can be reworded. AT: "Now ten omers equal one ephah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -## ephah ## +# an omer -This is an amount that is equal to 20 liters. \ No newline at end of file +"two liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/16/intro.md b/exo/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d587cf4def --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Exodus 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Complaints ##### +The Israelites complained about the amount of food Yahweh gave them, even when he miraculously provided their food for them. This is intended to show their ungratefulness and their sinful view of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Prohibition against storing food ##### +The people were not allowed to store the food, called manna, they were provided with. This is because they were to trust in Yahweh to provide for their needs every day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +##### Sabbath ##### +This is the first recorded celebration of the Sabbath rest. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) + +##### Ark of the covenant ##### +Although the covenant has not yet been made, it is referenced in [Exodus 16:34](./33.md). This is probably done either in anticipation of the building of the ark or as an editorial comment made by Moses after these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Wilderness of Sin ##### +Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is not the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/17/01.md b/exo/17/01.md index e48fe5926a..ada352aa72 100644 --- a/exo/17/01.md +++ b/exo/17/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## wilderness of Sin ## +# wilderness of Sin -We do not know the exact locations of these places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The word "Sin" here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. It is not the English word "sin." See how you translated this in [Exodus 16:1](../16/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Rephidim ## +# Rephidim -This means "the resting place," a place to rest on long journeys through the wilderness. +This means "the resting place," a place to rest on long journeys through the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Why do you test Yahweh? ## +# Why do you quarrel with me? Why do you test Yahweh? -AT: "You should not test Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses uses these questions to scold the people. AT: "You should not quarrel with me! You should not test Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## To kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst? ## +# To kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst? -AT: "You only brought us out here to kill us and our children and cattle because we had no water to drink!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people use this question to accuse Moses of wanting to kill them. AT: "You only brought us out here to kill us and our children and cattle by not letting us have any water to drink!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/17/04.md b/exo/17/04.md index 4813555902..566b7f256a 100644 --- a/exo/17/04.md +++ b/exo/17/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## What should I do with this people? ## +# Massah -AT: "I do not know how to deal with these people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +a place in the desert whose name means "testing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Massah ## +# Meribah -A place in the desert whose name means testing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Meribah ## - -A place in the desert whose name means complaining. \ No newline at end of file +a place in the desert whose name means "complaining" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/17/08.md b/exo/17/08.md index b6982c012a..ace2df923e 100644 --- a/exo/17/08.md +++ b/exo/17/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Hur ## +# Rephidim -Hur was a friend of Moses and Aaron. +This was the name of a place in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## So Joshua fought Amalek ## +# So Joshua fought Amalek -AT: "So the Israelites fought the Amalekites"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Joshua represents himself and the Israelites that he led into battle. AT: "So Joshua and the men he chose fought against the Amalekites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Hur + +Hur was a friend of Moses and Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/17/11.md b/exo/17/11.md index 1962d82375..e008b02c24 100644 --- a/exo/17/11.md +++ b/exo/17/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Israel was winning ... Amalek would begin to win ## +# Israel was winning ... Amalek would begin to win -AT: "the Israelites were winning ... the Amalekites would begin to win." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The words "Israel" and "Amalek" represent the fighters from those groups. AT: "the Israelite fighters were winning ... the Amalekite fighters would begin to win" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## with the sword ## +# hands became heavy -AT: "in battle." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The author writes of Moses' arms becoming tired as if his hands became heavy. AT: "arms became tired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with the sword + +The sword represents battle. AT: "in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/17/14.md b/exo/17/14.md index fb6e80844b..8e46b0620b 100644 --- a/exo/17/14.md +++ b/exo/17/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## blot out ## +# I will completely blot out the memory of Amalek -AT: "remove" or "erase" +God speaks of destroying Amalek as if he were removing people's memory of Amalek. When a group of people is completely destroyed, there is nothing to remind people about them. AT: "I will completely destroy Amalek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the memory of Amalek ## +# a hand was lifted up -AT: "the memory of the Amalekites"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +People would raise their hand when they made a promise or pledge, so raising the hand represents making a promise. AT: "a promise was made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Yahweh has sworn that he will have war with Amalek ## +# a hand was lifted up -AT: "Yahweh has promised that he will have war against the Amalekites forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh lifted up his hand" or "Yahweh made a solemn promise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Amalek + +This refers to the Amalekites. AT: Amalekites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/17/intro.md b/exo/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5e176461e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Exodus 17 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Moses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince people of their sin. Likewise, the people's rhetorical question showed their ignorance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Wilderness of Sin ##### +Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is not the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/01.md b/exo/18/01.md index ce987ec42d..412f8cf304 100644 --- a/exo/18/01.md +++ b/exo/18/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Moses' father-in-law ## +# Moses' father-in-law -in-law** - This refers to the father of Moses' wife. +This refers to the father of the wife of Moses. -## Gershom ## +# took Zipporah, Moses' wife ... and her two sons -This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means "foreigner." +Possible meanings are 1) Jethro took Zipporah and her two sons to Moses, or 2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah and her two sons. -## Eliezer ## +# after he had sent her home -This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means "God is the one who helps me." \ No newline at end of file +This is something Moses had done earlier. The full meaning of the can be made explicit. AT: "after Moses had sent her home to her parents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Gershom + +This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means "foreigner." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Eliezer + +This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means "God is the one who helps me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Pharaoh's sword + +This represents being killed by Pharaoh or Pharaoh's army. AT: "being killed by Pharaoh" or "being killed by Pharaoh's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/05.md b/exo/18/05.md index 0d6fe1bba1..687d3bf80f 100644 --- a/exo/18/05.md +++ b/exo/18/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## where he was camped ## +# where he was camped -AT: "where he camped with the Israelites"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where he camped with the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/07.md b/exo/18/07.md index 706d6c7321..2a689ecd7b 100644 --- a/exo/18/07.md +++ b/exo/18/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## and kissed him ## +# bowed down, and kissed him -AT: "and kissed him on the cheek." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +These symbolic acts were the normal way that people showed great respect and devotion in that culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## for Israel's sake ## +# for Israel's sake -AT: "in order to help the Israelite people"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "Israel" represents the Israelite people. AT: "in order to help the Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all the hardships that had come to them + +Moses writes of hardships happening to them as if hardships had come to them. AT: "all the hardships that had happened to them" or "all the hardships they had experienced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/09.md b/exo/18/09.md index 78c2008e09..267a040817 100644 --- a/exo/18/09.md +++ b/exo/18/09.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no notes for this section. \ No newline at end of file +# the hand of the Egyptians ... the hand of Pharaoh + +The hand represents the power of someone to do something. AT: "the power of the Egyptians ... the power of Pharaoh" or "what the Egyptians were doing to you ... what Pharaoh was doing to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/12.md b/exo/18/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 78c2008e09..0000000000 --- a/exo/18/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no notes for this section. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/13.md b/exo/18/13.md index 589edf3017..8d128ac42d 100644 --- a/exo/18/13.md +++ b/exo/18/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## What is this that you are doing with the people? ## +# What is this that you are doing with the people? -AT: "You should not be doing all of this for the people?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jethro uses this question to show Moses that what he was doing was not good. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not be doing all of this for the people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why is it that you sit alone ... morning until evening?" ## +# Why is it that you sit alone ... from morning until evening? -AT: "You cannot do all of the judging by yourself while the other people just stand around you all day!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jethro used this question to show Moses that he was doing too much. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not sit alone ... from morning till evening!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you sit alone + +The word "sit" here is a metonym for "judge." Judges would sit while they listened to people's complaints. AT: "you judge alone" or "you are the only one who judges the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/15.md b/exo/18/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index 78c2008e09..0000000000 --- a/exo/18/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no notes for this section. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/17.md b/exo/18/17.md index 295b490a84..0fea14408a 100644 --- a/exo/18/17.md +++ b/exo/18/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## wear out yourself ## +# You will surely wear yourselves out -This means to get very tired. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"you will surely make yourselves very tired" -## burden is too heavy for you ## +# This burden is too heavy for you -This means that the work is too much for you to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Jethro speaks of the hard work that Moses is doing as if it were a physical burden that Moses was carrying. AT: "This work is too much for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## advice ## +# advice "guidance" or "instruction" -## You must show them the way to walk ## +# God will be with you -AT: "You must show them how to live"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jethro speaks of God helping Moses as if God would be with Moses. AT: "God will help you" or "God will give you wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you bring their disputes to him + +Jethro speaks of Moses telling God about their disputes as if Moses were bringing their disputes to God. AT: "`you tell God about their disputes" or "you tell God what they are arguing about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You must show them the way to walk + +Jethro speaks of living or behaving like walking. AT: "You must show them how to live" or "You must show them how to behave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/21.md b/exo/18/21.md index a6086d19e4..c54d611868 100644 --- a/exo/18/21.md +++ b/exo/18/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## thousands, hundreds, fifties, and of tens ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "groups of 1,000, groups of 100, groups of 50, and groups of 10"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Jethro continues speaking to Moses. -## routine cases ## +# Furthermore, you must choose + +"In addition, you must choose" or "You must also choose" + +# You must put them over people + +Jethro speaks of giving them authority over people as putting them over people. AT: You must give them authority over people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and of tens + +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. AT: "leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people" or 2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. AT: "leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# routine cases "the simple cases" -## endure ## +# the difficult cases they will bring to you -AT: "endure the stress of the work"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jethro speaks of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. AT: "the difficult cases they will tell you about" or "when there are difficult cases, they will tell you about them so you can judge them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will carry the burden with you + +Jethro speaks of the hard work that they would do as if it were a burden that they would carry. AT: "they will do the hard work with you" or "they will help you do the hard work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# endure + +What they will endure can be stated clearly. AT: "endure the stress of the work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/24.md b/exo/18/24.md index 0c1d6e8ee2..7098621984 100644 --- a/exo/18/24.md +++ b/exo/18/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## heads over the people ## +# heads over the people -This means that they became leaders over the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Moses writes of the leaders of people as if they were the head of a body. AT: "leaders of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## circumstances ## +# capable men + +What they were capable of doing can be stated clearly. AT: "men who were able to lead" or "men who were able to judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens + +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. AT: "leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people" or 2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. AT: "leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups" See how you translated this in [Exodus 18:21](./21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# circumstances "situations" -## capable ## +# The difficult cases they brought to Moses -"able" \ No newline at end of file +The author writes of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. AT: "the difficult cases they told Moses about" or "when there were difficult cases, they told Moses about them so that he would judge them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the small cases + +"the easy cases" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/18/intro.md b/exo/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..65344eebb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Leadership lessons ##### +Jethro taught Moses an important leadership lesson in this chapter. Many scholars look at this chapter for important leadership lessons. Moses delegated some of his responsibilities to other godly men so that he would not become worn out by all the demands made of him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/01.md b/exo/19/01.md index b94708bae3..dc7526061a 100644 --- a/exo/19/01.md +++ b/exo/19/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## had gone out ## +# In the third month ... on the same day -AT: had left +This means they arrived at the wilderness on the first day of the month just as they left Egypt on the first day of the month. The first day of the third month on the Hebrew calendar is near the middle of May on Western calendars. AT: "In the third month ... on the first day of the month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Rephidim ## +# had gone out from -This is an area on the edge of the wilderness of Sinai where the people of Israel had been camping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"had left" + +# Rephidim + +This is an area on the edge of the wilderness of Sinai where the people of Israel had been camping. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 17:1](../17/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/03.md b/exo/19/03.md index 99cf25a25e..fe92ae22c6 100644 --- a/exo/19/03.md +++ b/exo/19/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## the house of Jacob, the people of Israel ## +# the house of Jacob -The house of Jacob is the same as the people of Israel. +The word "house" here represents Jacob's family and descendants. AT: "the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## You have seen ## +# the house of Jacob, the people of Israel -The word "you" here refers to the Israelites. Yahweh is telling Moses what to tell the Israelites. +The phrase "the people of Israel" explains what "the house of Jacob" means. -## I carried you on eagles' wings ## +# You have seen -This shows that God cared for his people while they traveled. AT: "I helped you travel like an eagle that carries her babies on her wings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]].) +The word "you" here refers to the Israelites. Yahweh is telling Moses what to tell the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## obediently listen to my voice ## +# I carried you on eagles' wings -AT: "listen to what I say and obey me" +God speaks of caring for his people while they traveled as if he were an eagle and carried them on his wings. AT: "I helped you travel like an eagle that carries her babies on her wings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## keep my covenant ## +# obediently listen to my voice -AT: "do what my covenant requires you to do" +Obediently can be expressed as a verb. AT: "listen to my voice and obey me" -## special possession ## +# my voice -"treasure" \ No newline at end of file +God's voice represents what he says. AT: "what I say" or "my words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# keep my covenant + +"do what my covenant requires you to do" + +# special possession + +"treasure" + +# a kingdom of priests + +God speaks of his people as if they were priests. AT: "a kingdom of people who are like priests" or "a kingdom of people who do what priests do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/07.md b/exo/19/07.md index 69352debe0..aab28bd3a0 100644 --- a/exo/19/07.md +++ b/exo/19/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## set before them all these words ## +# set before them all these words -AT: "told them all these words." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The author writes of Moses telling people things as if he were setting the words before them. AT "told them all these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Moses came to report ## +# all these words that Yahweh had commanded him -AT: "Moses went back to report" \ No newline at end of file +"all that Yahweh had commanded him" + +# Moses came to report + +Where Moses went can be stated explicitly. AT: "Moses went back up the mountain to report" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the people's words + +The word "words" refers to what the people said. AT: "what the people said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/10.md b/exo/19/10.md index 52b7d55602..7cd556f709 100644 --- a/exo/19/10.md +++ b/exo/19/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## you must consecrate ## +# you must set them apart to me -AT: "you must tell them to set themselves apart" +This probably means "tell them to dedicate themselves to me" or "tell them to purify themselves for me." -## prepare them for my coming ## +# garments -The people are to prepare themselves for God's coming by purifying themselves. +"clothes" -## garments ## +# Be ready -"clothes" \ No newline at end of file +This was a command to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/12.md b/exo/19/12.md index 81db1486e3..c43ec818e5 100644 --- a/exo/19/12.md +++ b/exo/19/12.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## set bounds ## +# set boundaries -"build a barrier" or "put up a fence" or "mark a border" +"make a boundary." This was either a mark or some kind of barrier. -## Whoever touches the mountain will surely be put to death ## +# Whoever touches the mountain will surely be put to death -AT: "You must surely kill any person who touches the mountain." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "You must surely put to death any person who touches the mountain" or "You must surely kill anyone who touches the mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Whoever touches ## +# Whoever touches "Any person who touches" or "Anyone who touches" -## such a person ## +# such a person "a person who does that" or "a person who touches the mountain" -## he must certainly be stoned or shot ## +# he must certainly be stoned or shot -AT: "You must certainly stone or shoot him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must certainly stone or shoot him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## shot ## +# shot -This refers to killing someone by shooting arrows from a bow or stones from a slingshot. +This refers to being killed by someone who shoots arrows from a bow or stones from a slingshot. -## a long blast ## +# a long blast "a long, loud sound" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/14.md b/exo/19/14.md index ed157660aa..e1871683e9 100644 --- a/exo/19/14.md +++ b/exo/19/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## do not go near your wives ## +# do not go near your wives -AT: "do not sleep with your wives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite way of talking about sleeping with their wives. AT: "do not sleep with your wives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/16.md b/exo/19/16.md index dce9ed82d0..e6bea51633 100644 --- a/exo/19/16.md +++ b/exo/19/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## trembled ## +# trembled "shook with fear" -## descended ## +# descended "came down" -## like the smoke of a furnace ## +# like the smoke of a furnace -This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. AT: “like the smoke from a very large fire” +This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. AT: "like the smoke from a very large fire" -## furnace ## +# furnace -an oven that can be made extremely hot \ No newline at end of file +an oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/19.md b/exo/19/19.md index e30c72cef4..3e9c3d959f 100644 --- a/exo/19/19.md +++ b/exo/19/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## grew louder and louder ## +# grew louder and louder "continued to become louder and louder" -## he summoned Moses ## +# in a voice + +The word "voice" here refers to a sound that God made. Possible meanings are 1) "by speaking loudly like thunder" or 2) "by speaking" or 3) "by causing thunder to sound" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he summoned Moses "he commanded Moses to come up" -## to break through ## +# not to break through -This means to cross a barrier to get to another place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +God spoke about walking past the boundary as if they might break down a barrier and walk through it. See how you translated "set bounds" in [Exodus 19:12](./12.md). AT: "not to go beyond the boundary" or "not to go through the barrier"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/23.md b/exo/19/23.md index 4247d19e47..2cad9e14a4 100644 --- a/exo/19/23.md +++ b/exo/19/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## get down ## +# get down -"go down" \ No newline at end of file +"go down" + +# break through the barrier + +God spoke about walking past the boundary as if they might break down a barrier and walk through it. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 19:21](./19.md). AT: "go beyond the boundary" or "go through the barrier" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/19/intro.md b/exo/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ded109e8f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Exodus 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "A kingdom of priests" ##### +The function of the priests was to intercede for the people. The Levites were the only priests in Israel; this is a metaphor indicating that the nation was to intercede for the world as a whole. They were also to be holy, or set apart, from the rest of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +##### Revealing the Law ##### +The events of this chapter are concerned with preparing the people to receive the law of Moses. The people go through all of this to prepare themselves for the law, which show the great importance of this event for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/01.md b/exo/20/01.md index eb6a6f9aa7..68459c6e21 100644 --- a/exo/20/01.md +++ b/exo/20/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## house of slavery ## +# house of slavery "place where you were slaves" -## You must have no other gods before me ## +# You must have no other gods before me "You must not worship any other gods but me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/04.md b/exo/20/04.md index 2b3f04422f..052f0be5b1 100644 --- a/exo/20/04.md +++ b/exo/20/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## nor the likeness ## +# nor the likeness -AT: "and you must not make the likeness" +"and you must not make the likeness" -## bow down to them or worship them ## +# You must not bow down to them or worship them -The word "them" refers to carved figures, or idols. +The word "them" refers to carved figures or idols. -## jealous ## +# jealous God wants his people to worship only him. -## punish ancestors' wickedness by bringing punishment on the descendants ## +# punish the ancestors' wickedness by bringing punishment on the descendants God will punish people for the sin of their parents. -## I show covenant faithfulness to thousands ## +# the third and the fourth generation -AT: "because of my covenant, I am faithful to thousands" or "I faithfully love thousands" +"the 3rd and the 4th generation." Here "third" and "fourth" are ordinal numbers for "3" and "4." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## thousands of those ## +# I show covenant faithfulness to thousands of those who love me -"many generations of those" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." AT: "I faithfully love thousands of those who love me" or "I am faithful to the covenant with thousands of those who love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to thousands of those who love me + +The word "thousands" is a metonym for a number too many to count. AT: "forever to those who love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/07.md b/exo/20/07.md index 3058885416..7342641b84 100644 --- a/exo/20/07.md +++ b/exo/20/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## take the name of me ## +# take the name of Yahweh your God -"use my name" +"use the name of Yahweh your God" -## in vain ## +# in vain -"carelessly" or "without proper respect" or "for wrong purposes" +"carelessly" or "without proper respect" -## I will not hold guiltless ## +# I will not hold guiltless -"I will certainly consider guilty" or "I will certainly punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This double-negative can be stated as a positive. AT: "I will certainly consider guilty" or "I will certainly punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/08.md b/exo/20/08.md index 3a18709270..a5d8fda06f 100644 --- a/exo/20/08.md +++ b/exo/20/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## to keep it holy ## - -This shows that the Sabbath day is dedicated to God. - -## reserved for me ## - -This is a day God claims for His own. - -## do all your work ## +# do all your work "do all your usual duties" -## within your gates ## +# within your gates -"within your community" or "inside your city." Cities often had walls around them to keep out enemies, and gates for people to go in and out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Cities often had walls around them to keep out enemies, and gates for people to go in and out. AT: "within your community" or "inside your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## blessed the Sabbath day ## +# on the seventh day + +"on day seven." Here "seventh" is the ordinal number for "7." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# blessed the Sabbath day Possible meanings are that 1) God caused the Sabbath day to produce good results, or 2) God said that the Sabbath day was good. -## consecrated it ## +# set it apart "set it apart for a special purpose" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/12.md b/exo/20/12.md index 69fe983486..bc0ae99d23 100644 --- a/exo/20/12.md +++ b/exo/20/12.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# You must not commit adultery + +"You must not have sex with anyone other than your spouse" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/15.md b/exo/20/15.md index bd905cfeb3..29e124b225 100644 --- a/exo/20/15.md +++ b/exo/20/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## must not give false testimony ## +# must not give false testimony -"must not speak a false report" or "most not tell lies about someone" +"must not speak a false report" or "must not tell lies about someone" -## must not covet ## +# must not covet "must not strongly want to have" or "must not want to take" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/18.md b/exo/20/18.md index 5b9af76d26..d0ed28a778 100644 --- a/exo/20/18.md +++ b/exo/20/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## voice ## +# voice "sound" -## the mountain smoking ## +# the mountain smoking -AT: "smoke coming from the mountain" +"smoke coming from the mountain" -## they trembled ## +# they trembled "they shook with fear" -## stood far off ## +# stood far off -"stood far away" or "stood at a distance" (ULB) +"stood far away" or "stood at a distance" -## so that the honor of him may be in you, and so that you do not sin ## +# so that the honor of him may be in you, and so that you do not sin -AT: "so that you will honor him and not sin." +"so that you will honor him and not sin" -## approached ## +# approached "went closer to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/22.md b/exo/20/22.md index 4804cb57dc..79ad53d881 100644 --- a/exo/20/22.md +++ b/exo/20/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## This is what you must tell the Israelites ## +# This is what you must tell the Israelites "Tell the Israelites this" -## You yourselves have seen that I have talked with you from heaven ## +# You yourselves have seen that I have talked with you from heaven "You have heard me speak to you from heaven" -## You will not make for yourselves other gods alongside me ## +# You will not make for yourselves other gods alongside me "You must not make idols as other gods instead of me" -## gods of silver or gods of gold ## +# gods of silver or gods of gold "gods made out of silver or gold" or "idols made out of silver or gold" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/24.md b/exo/20/24.md index b7bde8050e..ec7ca555c0 100644 --- a/exo/20/24.md +++ b/exo/20/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## earthen altar ## +# earthen altar an altar made of materials from the ground, such as stone, soil, or clay -## cause my name to be honored ## +# cause my name to be honored -AT: "cause you to honor my name." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "name" is a metonym for God's being. This can be stated in active form. AT: "choose for you to honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## You must not go up by steps to my altar ## +# You must not go up by steps to my altar "Do not make an altar that has steps" -## exposing your private parts ## +# exposing your private parts "showing your naked body" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/20/intro.md b/exo/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fa62c03483 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Exodus 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The instructions recorded in this chapter are commonly known as the "ten commandments." + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Covenant ##### +Yahweh's covenant faithfulness is now based on the covenant he made with Abraham as well as the covenant he is making with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/01.md b/exo/21/01.md index 11f37c503e..8b9d8e7e94 100644 --- a/exo/21/01.md +++ b/exo/21/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## you must set before them ## +# you must set before them "you must give them" or "you must tell them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/02.md b/exo/21/02.md index 04d3708cdf..a608240a98 100644 --- a/exo/21/02.md +++ b/exo/21/02.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh tells Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## by himself ## +# If he came by himself, he must go free by himself -"alone" or "as an unmarried man" or "without a wife" +What "by himself" means can be stated clearly. Some languages require that the additional condition, that he marries while a slave, be stated clearly. AT: "If he became a slave while he had no wife, and if he marries while he is a slave, the master need only free the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## if he is married ## +# by himself + +"alone" or "without a wife" + +# if he is married "if he was married when he became a slave" or "if he came as a married man" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/05.md b/exo/21/05.md index 649e166030..ed663d7ab8 100644 --- a/exo/21/05.md +++ b/exo/21/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## plainly says ## +# plainly says "clearly says" -## go out free ## +# I will not go out free -"go free" +"I do not want my master to set me free" -## bore his ear through ## +# bore his ear through "put a hole in his ear" -## awl ## +# awl a pointed tool used to make a hole -## for the rest of his life ## +# for life -AT: "until the end of his life" or "until he dies" \ No newline at end of file +"until the end of his life" or "until he dies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/07.md b/exo/21/07.md index ead4ec3a4a..a8caf17b59 100644 --- a/exo/21/07.md +++ b/exo/21/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## has designated ## +# has designated "has chosen" -## he must let her be bought back ## +# he must let her be bought back -AT: "he must allow her father to buy her back." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he must allow her father to buy her back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## has no right to sell ## +# has no right to sell -"has no authority to sell." AT: "is not permitted to sell" or "must not sell" (UDB) +"has no authority to sell" -## he has treated her deceitfully ## +# he has treated her deceitfully -AT: "he has deceived her and her father" \ No newline at end of file +"he has deceived her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/09.md b/exo/21/09.md index f6a18611d2..4624cc266d 100644 --- a/exo/21/09.md +++ b/exo/21/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## designates ## +# designates "chooses" -## diminish ## +# he must not diminish her food, clothing, or her marital rights -"take away" or "reduce" or "lessen" or "deprive her of" +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "he must give the first wife the same food, clothing, and marital rights she had before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## diminish her food ## +# diminish -The word "her" refers to the first wife. +"take away" or "reduce" -## marital rights ## +# or her marital rights -This refers to the things the husband must do for the wife, including sleeping with her. \ No newline at end of file +This includes things that a husband must do for his wife, including sleeping with her. AT: "and he must continue to sleep with her as before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/12.md b/exo/21/12.md index 3a757c03ad..387867a128 100644 --- a/exo/21/12.md +++ b/exo/21/12.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## strikes ## +# strikes -"hits" of "attacks" +"hits" or "attacks" -## surely ## +# that person must surely be put to death -"certainly" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must certainly execute that person" or "you must certainly kill that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## be put to death ## +# did not do it with premeditation -"be killed" +"did not plan to do it" or "did not do it on purpose" -## did not do it with premeditation ## +# I will fix a place to where he can flee -AT: "did not plan and then do it" or "did not do it on purpose" +The purpose of choosing a place can be stately clearly here. AT: "I will choose a place that he can run away to be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I will fix a place to where he can flee ## +# according to a cunning plan -"I will appoint a place that he can run away to." The purpose can be stated clearly by adding "in order to be safe." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"after thinking carefully about it" -## willfully attacks his neighbor to kill him deceitfully ## - -"murders his neighbor" - -## must take him ## +# must take him The word "him" refers to the one who killed his neighbor. -## so that he may die ## +# so that he may die -"so that you can kill him" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that you can kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/15.md b/exo/21/15.md index 9479480e86..8c08761fcb 100644 --- a/exo/21/15.md +++ b/exo/21/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Whoever hits his father or mother must surely be put to death ## +# Whoever hits his father or mother must surely be put to death -AT: "If anyone hits his father or mother, you must surely put him to death" or "You must surely kill anyone who hits his father or mother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If anyone hits his father or mother, you must surely put him to death" or "You must surely kill anyone who hits his father or mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## must surely ## +# must surely "must certainly" -## in his possession ## +# in his possession -"with him" \ No newline at end of file +"with him" + +# that kidnapper must surely be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must certainly kill that kidnapper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Whoever curses his father or his mother must surely be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must surely kill anyone who curses his father or his mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/18.md b/exo/21/18.md index a891314ae4..3349842215 100644 --- a/exo/21/18.md +++ b/exo/21/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## is confined to his bed ## +# is confined to his bed -AT: "cannot get out of bed" or "has to stay in bed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "cannot get out of bed" or "has to stay in bed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## recovers ## +# recovers "gets better" -## staff ## +# staff -"walking stick" +This is a stick that can be leaned on for support while walking. -## the loss of his time ## +# the loss of his time -This refers to a situation where he cannot work to earn money. AT: "the time he could not work" +This refers to a situation when someone cannot work to earn money. You can express this clearly in the translation. AT: "the time he could not work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## complete recovery ## +# pay for his complete recovery -"medical costs" or "costs for healing" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"pay his medical costs" or "pay for his costs for healing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/20.md b/exo/21/20.md index 9f16ee993f..633f677bff 100644 --- a/exo/21/20.md +++ b/exo/21/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## as a result of the blow ## +# as a result of the blow -"because of the injury" or "because he was hit" +"because of the injury" or "because his master hit him" -## that man must surely be punished ## +# that man must surely be punished -AT: "you must certainly punish that man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must certainly punish that man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for he will have suffered the loss of the servant ## +# for he will have suffered the loss of the servant -"because he has already lost his servant who was valuable to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can express clearly in the translation that the servant was valuable to his master. AT: "because he has already lost his servant who was valuable to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/22.md b/exo/21/22.md index e7594344cd..1344e74dc8 100644 --- a/exo/21/22.md +++ b/exo/21/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## she miscarries ## +# she miscarries "her baby dies in her womb" or "her baby is born too soon and dies" -## the guilty man must surely be fined ## +# the guilty man must surely be fined -AT: "you must certainly fine the guilty man" or "the guilty man must pay a fine" or "the guilty man must pay money" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must certainly fine the guilty man" or "the guilty man must pay a fine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## as the judges determine ## +# as the judges determine "what the judges decide" -## you must give a life for life, an eye for eye ## +# you must give a life for a life, an eye for an eye -This means that if she is hurt, the person who hurt her must be hurt in the same way. AT: "he must give his life for her life, his eye for her eye" \ No newline at end of file +This means that if she is hurt, the person who hurt her must be hurt in the same way. AT: "he must give his life for her life, his eye for her eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/26.md b/exo/21/26.md index 6827ed0b58..df53189a58 100644 --- a/exo/21/26.md +++ b/exo/21/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## in compensation ## +# If a man + +Here "man" refers to the owner of a slave. + +# in compensation "as payment." Compensation is what someone does for another person or gives to another person to make up for what he has caused that person to lose. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/28.md b/exo/21/28.md index 06813a3cf2..61c29bb8bb 100644 --- a/exo/21/28.md +++ b/exo/21/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## gores ## +# gores "injures with its horns" -## the ox must surely be stoned ## +# the ox must surely be stoned -AT: "you must stone the ox to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must stone the ox to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## its flesh must not be eaten ## +# its flesh must not be eaten -AT: "you must not eat its flesh" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must not eat its flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the ox's owner must be acquitted ## +# the ox's owner must be acquitted -AT: "you must acquit the ox's owner" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must acquit the ox's owner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## its owner also must be put to death ## +# its owner also must be put to death -"its owner also must be killed" or "its owner also must die" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must also kill its owner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If a payment is required for his life + +If the ox's owner can pay a fine to save his own life, then he must pay whatever the judges decide. The full meaning of this can be stated clearly. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "if the owner of the bull can pay a fine to save his own life, he must pay the full amount that the judges say that he must pay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/31.md b/exo/21/31.md index 58008dddcf..5b3574d788 100644 --- a/exo/21/31.md +++ b/exo/21/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## has gored ## +# has gored "has injured with its horns" -## thirty shekels of silver ## +# thirty shekels of silver -"330 grams of silver." A shekel weighed eleven grams. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +"330 grams of silver." A shekel weighed eleven grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## the ox must be stoned ## +# the ox must be stoned -AT: "you must kill the ox by stoning it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must kill the ox by stoning it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/33.md b/exo/21/33.md index 81cf7611b8..118dbcc50d 100644 --- a/exo/21/33.md +++ b/exo/21/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## opens a pit ## +# opens a pit "uncovers a hole in the ground" or "takes a cover off a hole in the ground" -## repay the loss ## +# repay the loss -AT: "pay the owner for the dead animal" +The owner must be paid for the loss of his animal. AT: "pay the owner for the dead animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## will become his ## +# will become his -AT: "will belong to the owner of the pit" \ No newline at end of file +The one who paid for the loss of the animal will become the owner of the dead animal and can do what he wants with it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "will belong to the owner of the pit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/35.md b/exo/21/35.md index 9def5eb654..b71e4a044c 100644 --- a/exo/21/35.md +++ b/exo/21/35.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## divide its price ## +# divide its price "divide the money" or "divide the money they receive" -## if it was known ## +# if it was known -AT: "if people knew" or "if the owner knew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if people knew" or "if the owner knew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## a habit of goring in time past ## +# a habit of goring in time past -AT: "had gored other nameless before" +"had gored other animals before" -## he must surely pay ox for ox ## +# its owner has not kept it in -"the owner of the ox that killed must surely give a living ox to the owner of the ox that died" \ No newline at end of file +This means that the owner did not keep his ox securely inside a fence. This can be clearly stated in the translation. AT: "its owner did not keep it inside a fence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he must surely pay ox for ox + +The owner of the ox that killed must give an ox to the man who lost his ox. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "the owner of the ox that killed must surely give a living ox to the owner of the ox that died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/21/intro.md b/exo/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..894c4ce1b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Exodus 21 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Covenant with Moses ##### +Although the covenant Yahweh made with Moses began in the previous chapter, it formally begins with the statement, "Now these are the decrees that you must set before them." The law of Moses was a major part of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Slavery ##### +This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. However, it does impose some restrictions on the practice. + +##### Justice in society ##### +The rules and law of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/01.md b/exo/22/01.md index 36547d5fa0..5a19f0f7f3 100644 --- a/exo/22/01.md +++ b/exo/22/01.md @@ -1,41 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## If a thief is found ## +# If a thief is found -"If anyone finds a thief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If anyone finds a thief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## breaking in ## +# breaking in "using force to come into a house" -## if he is struck so that he dies ## +# if he is struck so that he dies -"if anyone strikes the thief so that he dies" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if anyone strikes the thief so that he dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in that case no guilt for murder will attach to anyone on his account ## +# no guilt for murder will attach to anyone on his account -AT: "no one will be guilty of murdering him" +"no one will be guilty of murdering him" -## if the sun has risen before he breaks in ## +# if the sun has risen before he breaks in -"if it is light before he breaks in" or "if it happens after sunrise" +"if it is light before he breaks in" or "if he breaks in and it is after sunrise" -## guilt for murder will attach to the person who kills him ## +# guilt for murder will attach to the person who kills him -AT: "the person who kills him will be guilty of murder" +"the person who kills him will be guilty of murder" -## make restitution ## +# make restitution "pay for what he stole" -## he must be sold for his theft ## +# he must be sold for his theft -"he must be sold as a slave in order to pay for what he stole" +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "you must sell him as a slave in order to pay for what he stole" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## If the stolen animal is found alive in his possession ## +# If the stolen animal is found alive in his possession -"If they find that he still has the animal that he stole" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If they find that he still has the live animal that he stole" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## pay back double ## +# pay back double pay two animals for every animal that he took \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/05.md b/exo/22/05.md index 57793b4ae0..c71321fee7 100644 --- a/exo/22/05.md +++ b/exo/22/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## If a man grazes his livestock ## +# If a man grazes his livestock -"If a man let's his animals eat plants" +"If a man lets his animals eat plants" -## it grazes ## +# it grazes "it eats plants" -## he must make restitution ## +# he must make restitution -AT: "he must pay back the owner of that field" \ No newline at end of file +"he must pay back the owner of that field" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/06.md b/exo/22/06.md index 0d9f95a6f3..363f3ceb31 100644 --- a/exo/22/06.md +++ b/exo/22/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## a fire breaks out ## +# If a fire breaks out and spreads in thorns -"a fire starts" +"If someone starts a fire and it spreads in thorns" -## spreads in thorns ## +# spreads in thorns "moves along the ground through dry plants" -## stacked grain ## +# stacked grain -grain that has been cut and tied in bundles. AT: "bundled grain" or "harvested grain" +This is grain that has been cut and tied in bundles. "bundled grain" or "harvested grain" -## standing grain ## +# standing grain -grain that has not been cut. This refers to grain that is still growing or is ready to be harvested. +This is grain that has not been cut, but it is ready to be harvested. -## is consumed ## +# a field is consumed -"is destroyed" or "is burned up" +"fire consumes a field" or "fire destroys a field" -## must surely make restitution ## +# must surely make restitution -"must certainly pay for what was burned up" \ No newline at end of file +"must certainly pay for the grain that the fire destroyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/07.md b/exo/22/07.md index 2453cbb253..58f704e899 100644 --- a/exo/22/07.md +++ b/exo/22/07.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## for safe keeping ## +# for safe keeping "to watch over it" or "to keep it safe" -## if it is stolen ## +# if it is stolen -"if someone steals it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if someone steals it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## thief ## +# thief someone who steals something -## if the thief is found ## +# if the thief is found -"if you find the thief" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if you find the thief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## come before the judges to see whether ## +# come before the judges to see whether "come before the judges so that they can find out if" -## has put his own hand on his neighbor's property ## +# has put his own hand on his neighbor's property -"has stolen his neighbor's property" +This is an idiom. If you have a way of saying this in your language, you can use it here. AT: "has stolen his neighbor's property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the claim of both parties must come before the judges ## +# the claim of both parties must come before the judges The judges must listen to both people who claim that the item belongs to them and the judges will decide who is guilty. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/10.md b/exo/22/10.md index 61fbf50d9e..f8f9416ee2 100644 --- a/exo/22/10.md +++ b/exo/22/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## ## +# an oath to Yahweh must be taken by them both -an oath to Yahweh must be taken by them both** - Only the man who is accused of stealing the animal must swear the oath (see UDB). The owner of the lost animal must accept the oath that has been sworn (see UDB). \ No newline at end of file +Only the man who is accused of stealing the animal must swear the oath. The owner of the lost animal must accept the oath that has been sworn. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the man who was caring for the animal must swear an oath before Yahweh and the owner must accept that oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But if it was stolen from him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But if someone stole the animal from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If an animal was torn in pieces + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But if a wild beast tore the animal in pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He will not have to pay for what was torn + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will not have to pay for the animal that the wild beast destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/14.md b/exo/22/14.md index 182bf787fc..eddcef2121 100644 --- a/exo/22/14.md +++ b/exo/22/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## must surely make restitution ## +# must surely make restitution "must certainly repay with another animal" or "must certainly pay the owner for the animal" -## animal was hired ## +# if the animal was hired -"animal was rented" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if someone rented the animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## hiring fee ## +# it will be paid for by its hiring fee + +The one who borrowed the animal will not have to pay the owner anything more than the hiring or rental fee. This fee will pay for the loss of the animal. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "the money that someone paid to rent the animal will cover the loss of the animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# hiring fee "rental fee" or "money paid to rent the animal" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/16.md b/exo/22/16.md index 8fa776a0dc..ab394e3247 100644 --- a/exo/22/16.md +++ b/exo/22/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## seduces ## +# seduces "persuades" -## not engaged ## +# not engaged "not promised to be married" -## bride wealth ## +# if he sleeps with her + +Sleeping with someone is a euphemism for having sex. AT: "if he has sex with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# bride wealth "dowry" or "bride price" -## him, he ## +# him, he These pronouns refer back to the man who seduced the virgin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/18.md b/exo/22/18.md index 09823ddbf2..7e7fcf9009 100644 --- a/exo/22/18.md +++ b/exo/22/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Whoever sleeps with a beast must surely be put to death ## +# Whoever sleeps with a beast must surely be put to death -AT: "You must certainly kill anyone who sleeps with an animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "sleeps with a beast" is a euphemism that means someone has sex with an animal. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must certainly kill anyone who has sex with an animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/20.md b/exo/22/20.md index b92ae9302e..2c3fffceed 100644 --- a/exo/22/20.md +++ b/exo/22/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## must be utterly destroyed ## +# Yahweh must be completely destroyed -AT: "you must completely destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh, you must completely destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## wrong a foreigner ## +# wrong a foreigner "mistreat a foreigner" or "cheat a foreigner" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/22.md b/exo/22/22.md index e4d08b7c00..ff853fc8cd 100644 --- a/exo/22/22.md +++ b/exo/22/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## You must not mistreat any widow or fatherless child ## +# You must not mistreat any widow or fatherless child -AT: "You must treat all widows and fatherless children fairly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "You must treat all widows and fatherless children fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## widow ## +# widow "woman whose husband has died" -## fatherless child ## +# fatherless child -"orphan" or "child with no parents" \ No newline at end of file +"orphan" or "child with no parents" + +# I will kill you with the sword + +To be killed "with the sword" is a metonym that means a person will die violently, or perhaps fighting in a war. AT: "you will die a violent death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/25.md b/exo/22/25.md index 4f1adbce48..c2899d212e 100644 --- a/exo/22/25.md +++ b/exo/22/25.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## a moneylender ## +# a moneylender "one who lends money" -## charge him interest ## +# charge him interest "charge him extra money for borrowing" or "charge him extra money for the loan" -## garment in pledge ## +# garment in pledge "coat as collateral" or "coat as a guarantee to repay the loan" -## only covering ## +# only covering "only coat" or "only garment to keep him warm" -## What else can he sleep in ## +# What else can he sleep in? -AT: "He will have nothing to wear while he sleeps!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question adds emphasis. You can translate it as a strong statement. AT: "He will have nothing to wear while he sleeps!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## compassionate ## +# compassionate "merciful" or "gracious" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/28.md b/exo/22/28.md index 34e66cad08..09c487b11a 100644 --- a/exo/22/28.md +++ b/exo/22/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## You must not blaspheme me, God ## +# You must not blaspheme me, God -"Do not insult God" +"Do not insult God" or "Do not speak evil about God" -## nor curse a ruler ## +# nor curse a ruler "and do not ask God to do bad things to a ruler" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/29.md b/exo/22/29.md index 9952fa7bba..12203c458c 100644 --- a/exo/22/29.md +++ b/exo/22/29.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## You will not hold back offerings ## +# You must not hold back offerings -AT: "You must not fail to bring all of your offerings" or "You must bring all of your offerings"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "You must bring all of your offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## give to me the firstborn of your sons ## +# give to me the firstborn of your sons -AT: "dedicate your firstborn sons to me" +"dedicate your firstborn sons to me" -## do the same with ## +# do the same with -AT: "dedicate to me the firstborn of" +"dedicate to me the firstborn of" -## For seven days ## +# For seven days -AT: "for 7 days after they are born"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This can be written as a numeral. AT: "For 7 days after they are born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the eighth day ## +# the eighth day -AT: "day number 8" +This can be written as a numeral. AT: "day number 8" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## give them to me ## +# give them to me "dedicate them to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/22/intro.md b/exo/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..05c55705a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 22 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Justice in society ##### +The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. In this chapter, the purpose of these laws often focuses on minimizing the people's desire for vengeance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/01.md b/exo/23/01.md index 698b97fe22..3fb3d60ea7 100644 --- a/exo/23/01.md +++ b/exo/23/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## dishonest witness ## +# dishonest witness This is the same as a lying or false witness. -## nor may you ## +# nor may you bear witness -"and you must also not" +"and you also must not speak" -## bear witness ## +# siding with the crowd -"tell a story” or “speak a report” +This is a metaphor that describes one's agreeing with a group of people as if he actually walked over and stood with that group. AT: "doing what the crowd wants" or "agreeing with the majority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## siding with the crowd ## +# pervert justice -AT: "doing what the crowd wants" or "agreeing with the majority" - -## pervert justice ## - -This refers to illegal or immoral actions that result in a unjust ruling. \ No newline at end of file +do illegal or immoral actions that result in a unjust ruling \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/04.md b/exo/23/04.md index 5409dcc106..8e6d8751b0 100644 --- a/exo/23/04.md +++ b/exo/23/04.md @@ -1,2 +1,3 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -No Translator Notes. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/06.md b/exo/23/06.md index 7a715b656a..388a3a2bca 100644 --- a/exo/23/06.md +++ b/exo/23/06.md @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -This refers to actions that produce an improper legal result. It can result in either freedom for a guilty person or punishment of the innocent. +# General Information: -## it should go ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. + +# You must not pervert justice + +"You must not do actions that produce an improper legal result" that results in either freedom for a guilty person or punishment of the innocent. + +# it should go In this phrase, "it" refers to proper justice, a correct decision. -## lawsuit ## +# lawsuit "dispute" -## acquit the wicked ## +# I will not acquit the wicked -"find the wicked not guilty" +"I will not find the wicked not guilty" or "I will not say of wicked people that they are innocent" -## bribe blinds ... perverts ## +# bribe blinds ... perverts -"discredits" or "undermines"; (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here a "bribe" is described as if it were a person. AT: "bribe discredits ... undermines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the life of a foreigner ## +# the life of a foreigner -"the kind of life a stranger lives in a foreign land (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the kind of life a stranger lives in a foreign land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/10.md b/exo/23/10.md index 2ce9dc1265..4b0adb49df 100644 --- a/exo/23/10.md +++ b/exo/23/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## produce ## +# produce "food products from plants" -## unplowed ## +# unplowed -AT: "uncultivated" or "untilled" or "untouched" +"uncultivated" or "untilled" -## fallow ## +# fallow -AT: "in its natural state" or "unused for production" +"in its natural state" or "unused for production" -## so that the poor among your people may eat ## +# so that the poor among your people may eat -The poor can eat any food that grows on its own in a field that is not cultivated that year. \ No newline at end of file +The poor can eat any food that grows on its own in a field that is not cultivated. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "so the poor among your people may harvest and eat any food that grows on its own in that field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/12.md b/exo/23/12.md index 17d430b635..8f128e3a08 100644 --- a/exo/23/12.md +++ b/exo/23/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## Pay attention ## +# Pay attention to -"Listen well" +"Do" or "Obey" -## your ox and your donkey ## +# your ox and your donkey -AT: "your work animals" +"your work animals" -## Do not mention the names of other gods, nor let their names be heard from your mouth. ## +# any foreigner may rest and be refreshed -AT: UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "any foreigner may rest and regain his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# mention the names of other gods + +This represents praying to other gods. AT: "pray to other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/14.md b/exo/23/14.md index 953dd832b4..74abb932fd 100644 --- a/exo/23/14.md +++ b/exo/23/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## Abib ## +# Aviv -See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:3](../13/03.md). +This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:4](../13/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## appear before me empty handed ## +# not appear before me empty-handed -AT: "come to me without a proper offering" \ No newline at end of file +Here understatement is used to emphasize that the Israelites must bring a suitable offering to Yahweh. AT: "come to me without a proper offering" or "always bring an offering to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/16.md b/exo/23/16.md index 0beb7400a1..690f3c5913 100644 --- a/exo/23/16.md +++ b/exo/23/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## You must observe ## +# You must observe "You must honor" or "You must celebrate" -## Festival of Ingathering ## +# Festival of Ingathering -This refers to the final harvesting of all the crops for the year. \ No newline at end of file +This festival celebrated the final harvesting of all the crops for the year. + +# All your males must appear before the Lord Yahweh + +Here to "appear" means to gather for worship. AT: "All the men must gather to worship the Lord Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/18.md b/exo/23/18.md index d72ed7329a..31a7d2d0e4 100644 --- a/exo/23/18.md +++ b/exo/23/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## fat from the sacrifices ## +# fat from the sacrifices The fat was burned as an offering to Yahweh and was never eaten. -## the choicest first fruits ## +# the choicest firstfruits -"the best first fruits" \ No newline at end of file +"the best and first produce of the harvest" + +# You must not boil a young goat in its mother's milk + +This was a magical fertility practice among the Canaanites, which the Israelites were not permitted to participate in. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/20.md b/exo/23/20.md index ef52e2e403..3b1fa10861 100644 --- a/exo/23/20.md +++ b/exo/23/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## Be attentive to him ## +# Be attentive to him -"Listen to him" or "Obey him" +"Listen to him" -## Do not provoke him, for he will not pardon ## +# Do not provoke him, for he will not pardon -AT: "If you provoke him, he will not pardon" +"If you provoke him, he will not pardon" -## My name is on him ## +# My name is on him -Here "name" refers to God's authority (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "name" refers to God's authority. AT: "He has my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## If you indeed obey his voice ## +# If you indeed obey his voice -AT: "If you carefully obey what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "voice" represents what the angel says. AT: "If you carefully obey what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversaries ## +# an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversaries -These two phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/23.md b/exo/23/23.md index 73300c4608..884aab91e5 100644 --- a/exo/23/23.md +++ b/exo/23/23.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## do as they do ## +# You must not ... do as they do -"do the same things as the people who worship those gods" \ No newline at end of file +The Israelites must not live as the people who worship other gods. AT: "You must not ... live as the people who worship those gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he will bless your bread and water + +This is a merism that means food and drink. AT: "he will bless your food and drink" or "he will bless you by giving you food and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# he will bless ... I will remove + +Yahweh switched between the first and third pronoun to refer to himself. Here both "he" and "I" refer to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/26.md b/exo/23/26.md index 8d821cbc14..934a4c5a3c 100644 --- a/exo/23/26.md +++ b/exo/23/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## No woman will be barren or will miscarry her young in your land ## +# No woman will be barren or will miscarry her young in your land -AT: "Every woman will be able to become pregnant and give birth to healthy babies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Every woman will be able to become pregnant and give birth to healthy babies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## miscarry ## +# miscarry to have a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly -## hornets ## +# hornets a flying insect that can sting people and cause pain -## or the land would become abandoned ## +# or the land would become abandoned -"because there would not be anyone living in the land" \ No newline at end of file +"because no one would be living in the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/30.md b/exo/23/30.md index fd3250b411..bf54dc72e5 100644 --- a/exo/23/30.md +++ b/exo/23/30.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. -## this will surely become a trap for you ## +# this will surely become a trap for you -This means worshiping other gods will lead the people of Israel to ruin like an animal caught in a hunter's trap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means worshiping other gods will lead the people of Israel to certain destruction as if they were an animal caught in a hunter's trap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/23/intro.md b/exo/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..913798e553 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Exodus 23 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Justice in society ##### +The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +##### Celebrations of feasts and festivals ##### +The people of Israel were required to celebrate certain feasts and festivals. These were part of the law of Moses and some are described in this chapter. Their purpose was to worship Yahweh and to remember the great things Yahweh has done for them. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/01.md b/exo/24/01.md index 5689eef738..2b048a802b 100644 --- a/exo/24/01.md +++ b/exo/24/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Nadab, Abihu ## +# Nadab ... Abihu -See how you translated these names in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). +These are men's names. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## seventy of Israel's elders ## +# seventy of Israel's elders "70 of Israel's elders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/03.md b/exo/24/03.md index dca4740edf..bc3da58e54 100644 --- a/exo/24/03.md +++ b/exo/24/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## with one voice ## +# with one voice -AT: "together" or "in agreement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is an idiom that means the people were in complete agreement. AT: "together" or "in agreement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## foot of the mountain ## +# foot of the mountain "base of the mountain" or "bottom of the mountain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/05.md b/exo/24/05.md index eb93ac30e8..dfb008e037 100644 --- a/exo/24/05.md +++ b/exo/24/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Moses took half of the blood and put it into basins ## +# Moses took half of the blood and put it into basins -Moses collected half of the blood in basins in order to splash it on the people in [Exodus 24:7](./07.md). This would confirm the people's participation in the covenant between the people of Israel and God. +Moses collected half of the blood in basins in order to splash it on the people in [Exodus 24:8](./07.md). This would confirm the people's participation in the covenant between the people of Israel and God. -## he splashed the other half onto the altar ## +# he sprinkled the other half onto the altar Here the altar represents God. This would confirm God's participation in the covenant between God and the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/07.md b/exo/24/07.md index 69fe983486..ccffef388d 100644 --- a/exo/24/07.md +++ b/exo/24/07.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# We will be obedient + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We will obey everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then Moses took the blood + +This refers to the blood that Moses had put into the bowls. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Then Moses took the blood that was in the bowls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/09.md b/exo/24/09.md index ff86c3ff39..53809f454b 100644 --- a/exo/24/09.md +++ b/exo/24/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Nadab, Abihu ## +# Nadab ... Abihu -See how you translated these names in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). +These are men's names. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## pavement ## +# Under his feet -a hard surface for walking, riding, and driving +This speaks of God as if he had human feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## sapphire stone ## +# a pavement made of sapphire stone -This is a gemstone that is blue in color. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +"a pavement made of blue stones called sapphires" + +# pavement + +a hard surface for walking or riding + +# sapphire stone + +This is a gemstone that is blue in color. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# as clear as the sky itself + +This is a simile. AT: "as clear as the sky is when there are no clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# God did not lay a hand on the Israelite leaders + +This means that God did not harm the leaders. AT: "God did not harm the Israelite leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/12.md b/exo/24/12.md index e359e24370..d31b6aec70 100644 --- a/exo/24/12.md +++ b/exo/24/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## with his assistant Joshua ## +# tablets of stone and the law and commandments + +God had written the law and commandments on the tablets of stone. This can be stated clearly. AT: "two stone slabs on which I have written all the laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# with his assistant Joshua "with Joshua who assisted him" or "with Joshua who helped him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/14.md b/exo/24/14.md index 603714ab6b..b0505699b2 100644 --- a/exo/24/14.md +++ b/exo/24/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## wait for us ## +# wait for us "wait for Joshua and me" -## Hur ## +# Hur -See how you translated this name in [Exodus 17:8](../17/08.md). \ No newline at end of file +Hur was a man who was a friend of Moses and Aaron. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 17:10](../17/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/16.md b/exo/24/16.md index 66aaf06577..5f80cff86e 100644 --- a/exo/24/16.md +++ b/exo/24/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## like a devouring fire ## +# Yahweh's glory -This means the glory was very large and bright (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This was the brilliant light of God's presence. AT: "The brilliant light showing God's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in the eyes of the Israelites ## +# like a devouring fire -Here "eyes" refers to their thoughts about what they saw. AT: "to the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This means the glory of Yahweh was very large and seemed to burn brightly like a fire. AT: "like a big fire burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## forty days and forty nights ## +# in the eyes of the Israelites + +Their eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents their thoughts or judgment about they saw. AT: "to the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# forty days and forty nights "40 days and 40 nights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/24/intro.md b/exo/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c1eb112db --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Exodus 24 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Moses' covenant ##### +The people of Israel promise to obey the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. Their continued blessings were contingent upon their obedience to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +##### God's holiness ##### +Because Yahweh is perfectly holy, he can only be approached in a certain way. Because of this, only Moses was allowed near Yahweh. This is also why Yahweh is described as a "devouring fire." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/01.md b/exo/25/01.md index 3ea5e7a889..a429fddb98 100644 --- a/exo/25/01.md +++ b/exo/25/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## who is motivated by a willing heart ## +# who is motivated by a willing heart -AT: "who wants to give an offering" +This is an idiom that indicates a person's desire to give an offering. AT: "who wants to give an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## You must receive ## +# You must receive The word "you" refers to Moses and the leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/03.md b/exo/25/03.md index cf327ca1d2..296e221f19 100644 --- a/exo/25/03.md +++ b/exo/25/03.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## blue, purple, and scarlet wool ## +# blue, purple, and scarlet material -Possible meanings are 1) "wool that is dyed blue, purple and scarlet" or 2) "blue, purple and scarlet dye." +Possible meanings are 1) "material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet," probably wool yarn, or 2) "blue, purple and scarlet dye" to dye the linen. -## scarlet ## +# scarlet "red" -## sea cow ## +# sea cow a large animal that lives in the sea and eats plants -## onyx ## +# spices + +dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# onyx a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## precious stones to be set ## +# precious stones to be set -AT: "precious stones for someone to set" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "precious stones for someone to set" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## precious stones ## +# precious stones "valuable gems" or "treasured gems" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/08.md b/exo/25/08.md index 01957e13bc..9b6e4dde4c 100644 --- a/exo/25/08.md +++ b/exo/25/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## sanctuary...tabernacle ## +# sanctuary ... tabernacle Here these words mean the same thing. -## You must make it ## +# You must make it Here "you" is plural and refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## show you in the plans ## +# show you in the plans -"show you in the design" or "show you in the pattern." Here "you" is singular and refers to Moses. \ No newline at end of file +"show you in the design" or "show you in the pattern." Here "you" is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/10.md b/exo/25/10.md index 7425435059..4b828249cd 100644 --- a/exo/25/10.md +++ b/exo/25/10.md @@ -1,2 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file + +# two and a half cubits ... one cubit and a half + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "2.5 cubits ... 1.5 cubits" or "115 centimeters ... almost 69 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/12.md b/exo/25/12.md index 7836b47df3..6922fd70d4 100644 --- a/exo/25/12.md +++ b/exo/25/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## in order to carry the ark ## +# cast four rings of gold + +Casting was a process in which gold was melted, poured into a mold that was in the shape of a ring, and then allowed to harden. + +# in order to carry the ark "so that you can carry the ark" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/15.md b/exo/25/15.md index 7d64f98988..26682baf46 100644 --- a/exo/25/15.md +++ b/exo/25/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## atonement lid ## +# atonement lid This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. -## hammered gold ## +# two and a half cubits ... a cubit and a half + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "2.5 cubits ... 1.5 cubits" or "115 centimeters ... 69 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# hammered gold "beaten gold" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/19.md b/exo/25/19.md index 750cf4308d..f4ccf1902f 100644 --- a/exo/25/19.md +++ b/exo/25/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## atonement lid ## +# atonement lid -See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:15](./15.md). +This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](./15.md). -## They must be made ## +# They must be made -AT: "You must make them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must make them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## You must put ## +# You must put -Here "you" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +Here "you" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/22.md b/exo/25/22.md index 10d59e7292..5a5a60c010 100644 --- a/exo/25/22.md +++ b/exo/25/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to Moses. -## It is at the ark that I will meet with you ## +# It is at the ark that I will meet with you "I will meet with you at the ark." In 25:22 the word "you" is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## atonement lid ## +# atonement lid -See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:15](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/23.md b/exo/25/23.md index 7425435059..301b21713f 100644 --- a/exo/25/23.md +++ b/exo/25/23.md @@ -1,2 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file + +# two cubits ... one cubit ... a cubit and a half + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "2 cubits ... 1 cubit ... 1.5 cubits" or "92 centimeters ... 46 centimeters ... 69 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/25.md b/exo/25/25.md index 69e4859b45..c494e6342f 100644 --- a/exo/25/25.md +++ b/exo/25/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## frame for it ## +# one handbreadth wide + +a measurement of 7 to 8 centimeters + +# frame for it "frame for the table" -## feet were ## +# feet were "legs are" -## The rings must be attached ## +# The rings must be attached -AT: "You must attach the rings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must attach the rings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in order to carry ## +# in order to carry "so you can carry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/28.md b/exo/25/28.md index 46eb32e084..13b7bf814c 100644 --- a/exo/25/28.md +++ b/exo/25/28.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## so that the table may be be carried with them ## +# so that the table may be carried with them -AT: "so that you may carry the table with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that you may carry the table with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to be used to pour out drink offerings ## +# to be used to pour out drink offerings -AT: "so that you may use them to pour out drink offerings" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that you may use them to pour out drink offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# bread of the presence + +This bread represented the presence of God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/31.md b/exo/25/31.md index ce56cb558a..ee30fe2c9b 100644 --- a/exo/25/31.md +++ b/exo/25/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## hammered gold ## +# hammered gold -See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:15](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file +"beaten gold." See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:18](./15.md). + +# The lampstand is to be made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Make the lampstand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers are to be all made of one piece with it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Make its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers all of one piece with the lampstand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/33.md b/exo/25/33.md index 3cc0c3a80e..48d79d5b52 100644 --- a/exo/25/33.md +++ b/exo/25/33.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -32]]) +# General Information: -## almond blossoms ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand. (See: [Exodus 25:31-32](./31.md)) + +# almond blossoms white or pink flowers that have five petals \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/35.md b/exo/25/35.md index 024f56e043..66a89adb38 100644 --- a/exo/25/35.md +++ b/exo/25/35.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -32]]) +# General Information: -## made as one piece with it ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand. (See: [Exodus 25:31-32](./31.md)) -AT: "you must make them as one piece with the lampstand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# made as one piece with it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must make them as one piece with the lampstand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/37.md b/exo/25/37.md index f40b8641a7..ffe67d4939 100644 --- a/exo/25/37.md +++ b/exo/25/37.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## for them to give light from it ## +# for them to give light from it "so they shine light from it" -## and its accessories ## +# The tongs and their trays must be made of pure gold -The tongs, and the trays. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Make the tongs and their trays of pure gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you are being shown on the mountain ## +# one talent -AT: "I am showing you on the mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +A talent weighs about thirty-three kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# its accessories + +the tongs and the trays + +# you are being shown on the mountain + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am showing you on the mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/25/intro.md b/exo/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..93f64080b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 25 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The tent of meeting ##### +This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/01.md b/exo/26/01.md index 1c1a69162f..eb0cb0f7a1 100644 --- a/exo/26/01.md +++ b/exo/26/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. (See: [Exodus 25:1](../25/01.md)) -## scarlet wool ## +# You must make -See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:3](../25/03.md). +Yahweh is speaking to Moses, so the word "you" is singular. Yahweh probably expected Moses to tell someone else to do the actual work, but Moses would be the one responsible for seeing that the work was done correctly. "Tell a craftsman to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## skilled craftsman ## +# curtains -"skilled workman" \ No newline at end of file +These were large, heavy sections of woven cloth that were used to form the covering and dividing walls of the tabernacle. + +# scarlet wool + +wool dyed a deep red color + +# craftsman + +a person who is skilled in making beautiful objects by hand + +# twenty-eight cubits ... four cubits + +"28 cubits ... 4 cubits." A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Five curtains must be joined to each other ... must also be joined to each other + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Sew five curtains together to make one set, and sew the other five curtains together to make another set" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/04.md b/exo/26/04.md index e6d34f74d8..5565d321eb 100644 --- a/exo/26/04.md +++ b/exo/26/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## one set ## +# loops ... clasps + +The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. + +# one set "one set of five curtains" -## the second set ## +# the second set "the second set of five curtains" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/07.md b/exo/26/07.md index b0351f5d0f..12dd4cb510 100644 --- a/exo/26/07.md +++ b/exo/26/07.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## eleven...thirty...four ## +# eleven ... thirty ... four -"11...30...4" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"11 ... 30 ... 4" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/10.md b/exo/26/10.md index e6e86beaac..48064396fb 100644 --- a/exo/26/10.md +++ b/exo/26/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## fifty loops...first set...second set...clasp ## +# loops ... clasps -See how you translated similar words in [Exodus 26:4](./04.md). - -## tent-like covering ## - -like covering** - See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:10](./10.md). \ No newline at end of file +The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:4-6](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/12.md b/exo/26/12.md index 56db6e809d..c74924b22f 100644 --- a/exo/26/12.md +++ b/exo/26/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## dyed ## +# cubit + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# dyed "colored" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/15.md b/exo/26/15.md index 22dc86c1c9..a2ab0f115c 100644 --- a/exo/26/15.md +++ b/exo/26/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## vertical boards ## +# frames -"upright boards" +This refers to frames or panels that they made by joining together smaller pieces of wood. -## boards ## +# ten cubits ... one and a half cubits -This may refer to wide, individual boards, or to frames (UDB) or panels that they made by joining together smaller pieces of wood. - -## projections ## - -This is a joint that sticks out. \ No newline at end of file +"10 cubits ... 1.5 cubits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/19.md b/exo/26/19.md index 74bd610958..356f46fe62 100644 --- a/exo/26/19.md +++ b/exo/26/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## silver bases ## +# silver bases These were silver blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. -## pedestals ## +# pedestals -The silver bases kept the wood off the ground. +The silver bases kept the wooden board off the ground. -## and so on ## +# There must be two bases -This means that what was said about the first two boards should be done for the rest of the boards. AT: "and two bases for each of the rest of the boards" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Put two bases" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# and so on + +This means that what was said about the first two boards should be done for the rest of the boards. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "and two bases for each of the rest of the boards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/22.md b/exo/26/22.md index 8584a7d936..f518071e64 100644 --- a/exo/26/22.md +++ b/exo/26/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## silver bases ## +# These frames must be separate at the bottom, but joined at the top -See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](./19.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Separate these frames at the bottom, but join them at the top" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in all ## +# silver bases + +These were silver blocks that had a slot in them to keep the frame in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](./19.md). + +# in all "total" -## and so on ## +# and so on -See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](./19.md). \ No newline at end of file +This means that what was said about the first two frames should be done for the rest of the frames. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:21](./19.md). AT: "and two bases for each of the rest of the frames" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/26.md b/exo/26/26.md index 37da80ed14..946060f362 100644 --- a/exo/26/26.md +++ b/exo/26/26.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continue to tell Moses what the people must do. +# General Information: -## crossbar ## +Yahweh continue to tell Moses how the tabernacle was to be built. -This are support beams that give stability to the structure. \ No newline at end of file +# crossbars + +These are horizontal support beams that give stability to the structure. + +# the back side of the tabernacle to the west + +The front was on the east side of the tabernacle. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/29.md b/exo/26/29.md index 3edb61ab9a..ad3ad67cf7 100644 --- a/exo/26/29.md +++ b/exo/26/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. +# General Information: -## for them to serve as holders for the crossbars ## +Yahweh continues to tell Moses how the tabernacle must be constructed. -"which will hold the crossbars" +# for them to serve as holders for the crossbars -## crossbars ## +"which will hold the crossbars" or "because they will hold the crossbars" -See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:26](./26.md). +# crossbars -## you were shown on the mountain ## +These are horizontal support beams that give stability to the structure. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:26](./26.md). -AT: "I showed you on the mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# you were shown on the mountain + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I have shown you here on this mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/31.md b/exo/26/31.md index ac20858bd3..083e6b5266 100644 --- a/exo/26/31.md +++ b/exo/26/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. +# General Information: -## You must make...skillful workman ## +Yahweh continues to tell Moses how the tabernacle is to be constructed. -See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:1](./01.md). +# You must make -## clasps ## +Yahweh is speaking to Moses, so the word "you" is singular. Yahweh probably expected Moses to tell someone else to do the actual work, but Moses would be the one responsible for seeing that the work was done correctly. "Tell a craftsman to make." See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file +# clasps + +The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:4-6](./04.md). + +# you must bring in the ark of the testimony + +The ark of the testimony is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "you must bring in the chest containing the commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The curtain is to separate the holy place + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The curtain will separate the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/34.md b/exo/26/34.md index 26a8f53c51..7c2ab1c5ce 100644 --- a/exo/26/34.md +++ b/exo/26/34.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## atonement lid ## +# atonement lid -See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:15](../25/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/15.md). + +# on the ark of the testimony + +"on the chest that contains the commandments" + +# The table must be on the north side + +This is the table that holds the bread that represents the presence of God. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Place the table for the bread of God's presence on the north side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/36.md b/exo/26/36.md index 2616453409..9dfe91b7cb 100644 --- a/exo/26/36.md +++ b/exo/26/36.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. +# General Information: -## blue, purple, and scarlet wool ## +Yahweh continues to tell Moses how to construct the tabernacle. -See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:3](../25/03.md). +# a hanging -## fine twined linen ## +This was a large curtain made of cloth. -"finely twisted linen" or "finely spun linen" +# blue, purple, and scarlet material -## an embroiderer ## +Possible meanings are 1) "yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet," probably wool yarn, or 2) "blue, purple, and scarlet dye" to dye the linen. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:4](../25/03.md). -"a person who embroiders" or "a person who sews designs into cloth" \ No newline at end of file +# fine twined linen + +"finely twisted linen." This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. + +# an embroiderer + +"a person who sews designs into cloth" or "a person who embroiders" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/26/intro.md b/exo/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f510b63fd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Exodus 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The tent of meeting ##### +This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/01.md b/exo/27/01.md index 87a38cc942..c4e9d15f9e 100644 --- a/exo/27/01.md +++ b/exo/27/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. (See: [Exodus 25:1](../25/01.md)) -## You must make extensions of its four corners shaped like ox horns ## +# five cubits long and five cubits wide -"You must make horns on its four corners" +"2.2 meters long on each side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## The horns will be made ## +# The altar must be square and three cubits high -AT: "You must make the horns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"The altar must be square and 1.3 meters high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## must cover them ## +# cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# You must make extensions of its four corners shaped like ox horns + +"You must make projections that look like ox horns on its four corners" + +# The horns will be made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must make the horns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# must cover them "must cover the altar and horns" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/03.md b/exo/27/03.md index 76dac327fc..d967f42f6f 100644 --- a/exo/27/03.md +++ b/exo/27/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## basins ## +# basins "bowls" -## firepan ## +# firepans -a vessel that held hot coals from the altar +There were pans that held hot coals from the altar. -## utensil ## +# utensils -any instrument, vessel, or tool serving a useful purpose +These were any instrument, vessel, or tool that served a useful purpose. -## You must make a grate for the altar, a network of bronze ## +# You must make a grate for the altar, a network of bronze "You must make a bronze grate for the altar" -## grate ## +# grate a frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/05.md b/exo/27/05.md index c0c2228b9e..d6711de94b 100644 --- a/exo/27/05.md +++ b/exo/27/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people need to do. -## grate ## +# You must put the grate under the ledge of the altar -See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +The grate was placed inside the altar. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "You must put the grate under the rim of the altar, on the inside of the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# grate + +This is a frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:4](./03.md). + +# You must make poles for the altar + +These poles were used for carrying the altar. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "You must make poles for carrying the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/07.md b/exo/27/07.md index 3901adc851..c45c4ab307 100644 --- a/exo/27/07.md +++ b/exo/27/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people should do. -## planks ## +# The poles must be put into the rings, and the poles must be on the two sides of the altar, to carry it -a long, flat piece of timber thicker than a board +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must put the poles into the rings and place them on each side of the altar to carry it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you were shown ## +# planks -AT: "I showed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +a long, flat piece of wood that is thicker than a board + +# you were shown on the mountain + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I have shown to you here on this mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/09.md b/exo/27/09.md index bcf375a521..3751f3a7c7 100644 --- a/exo/27/09.md +++ b/exo/27/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## hangings ... fine twined linen ## +# There must be hangings ... courtyard -See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must place hangings ... courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## one hundred cubits ## +# hangings of fine twined linen -forty-four meters (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +A "hanging" was a large curtain made of cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md) -## posts ## +# fine twined linen + +"finely twisted linen." This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread + +# one hundred cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "44 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# There must also be hooks ... posts + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must also attach hooks ... posts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# posts a strong piece of wood set upright and used as a support \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/11.md b/exo/27/11.md index d12c15e851..d4e555cc36 100644 --- a/exo/27/11.md +++ b/exo/27/11.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## Likewise...silver rods ## +# Likewise ... silver rods -For 27:11 see how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 27:9](./09.md). \ No newline at end of file +For 27:11 see how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 27:9-10](./09.md). + +# there must be hangings + +This could be stated as a command. AT: "you must make hangings" + +# there must be a curtain + +This could be stated as a command. AT: "you must make a curtain" + +# There must be ten posts + +This could be stated as a command. AT: "You must make ten posts" + +# The courtyard must also be fifty cubits long + +This could be stated as a command. AT: "Make the courtyard fifty cubits long" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/14.md b/exo/27/14.md index 0bfc2403d4..9711bb2ec9 100644 --- a/exo/27/14.md +++ b/exo/27/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## hangings...posts...bases ## +# The hangings -See how you translated these in [Exodus 27:9](./09.md). +These were large curtains made of cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). -## fiftteen cubits ## +# posts -about seven meters (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +These were strong pieces of wood set upright and used as supports. See how you translated these in [Exodus 27:10](./09.md). -## The curtain must be made ... fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer ## +# bases -AT: "They must make the curtain ... fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer" or "Embroiderers must make the curtain ... fine twined linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These were metal blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md). -## blue, purple, and scarlet linen, fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer ## +# fifteen cubits -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). \ No newline at end of file +about seven meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# The courtyard gate must be a curtain twenty cubits long + +This could be stated as a command. AT: "You must make a curtain twenty cubits long to be the courtyard gate" + +# The curtain must be made ... fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They must make the curtain ... fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer" or "Embroiderers must make the curtain ... fine twined linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# blue, purple, and scarlet material and fine twined linen + +Possible meanings are 1) "yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet," probably wool yarn, or 2) "blue, purple, and scarlet dye" to dye the linen. + +# an embroiderer + +a person who sews designs into cloth \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/17.md b/exo/27/17.md index 4a690b1f5a..24fe12e6e3 100644 --- a/exo/27/17.md +++ b/exo/27/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## one hundred cubits ## +# one hundred cubits -46 meters (See [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +"100 cubits." A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## fine twined linen hangings ## +# fine twined linen hangings -See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). +"finely twisted linen." This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). -## tent pegs ## +# all the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard must be made of bronze -sharp pieces of wood used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "make all the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard out of bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# tent pegs + +sharp pieces of wood or metal used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/20.md b/exo/27/20.md index bc5e3a586b..8e1bebb12c 100644 --- a/exo/27/20.md +++ b/exo/27/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## tent of meeting ## +# tent of meeting This is another name for the tabernacle. -## This requirement will be a lasting ordinance ## +# ark of testimony + +This is the chest that contains the sacred slabs of stone on which Yahweh had written his commandments. + +# This requirement will be a lasting ordinance "I require that the people do this as a lasting ordinance" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/27/intro.md b/exo/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c82954da10 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Exodus 27 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The tent of meeting ##### +This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/01.md b/exo/28/01.md index e1a0280aba..5ead33e3c0 100644 --- a/exo/28/01.md +++ b/exo/28/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. (See: [Exodus 25:1](../25/01.md)) -## Call to yourself ## +# Call to yourself Here "yourself" refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar ## +# Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## You must make ## +# You must make -Here "you" refers to the people. \ No newline at end of file +Here "you" refers to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# garments that are set apart to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "garments that you will set apart to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/04.md b/exo/28/04.md index 7148d26204..00c08516af 100644 --- a/exo/28/04.md +++ b/exo/28/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## a coat of woven work ## +# a coat of woven work "a coat with a design woven into it" -## turban ## +# turban -a head covering +a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. -## sash ## +# sash -a piece of cloth worn around the waist or across the chest \ No newline at end of file +a piece of cloth that people wear around their waist or across their chest \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/06.md b/exo/28/06.md index 6bd08da375..bd9c11e511 100644 --- a/exo/28/06.md +++ b/exo/28/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## fine twined linen ## +# fine-twined linen -See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). +"finely-twisted linen." This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). -## skillful craftsman ## +# skillful craftsman -"skillful workman" +a person who can make beautiful objects by hand -## it must be made of one piece ## +# it must be made of one piece -AT: "they must make it one piece" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they must make it in one piece" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## onyx stones ## +# onyx stones -See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:3](../25/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +These are valuable stones that have layers of white and black, red or brown. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:7](../25/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/10.md b/exo/28/10.md index 90dcea9636..e05aedcea5 100644 --- a/exo/28/10.md +++ b/exo/28/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engraving on a signet ## +# With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engraving on a signet -"In the same way a person engraves on a seal" \ No newline at end of file +"In the same way a person engraves on a seal" + +# engraver + +a person who cuts designs into a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal + +# signet + +an engraved stone used to stamp a design into a wax seal + +# settings + +pieces of metal that hold the stone onto the ephod \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/13.md b/exo/28/13.md index 7425435059..a182990e09 100644 --- a/exo/28/13.md +++ b/exo/28/13.md @@ -1,2 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file + +# settings + +These are pieces of metal that hold each stone onto the ephod. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:11](./10.md). + +# two braided chains of pure gold like cords + +"two chains of pure gold that are braided like cords" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/15.md b/exo/28/15.md index 82bc1ad57e..20f4a4d7b8 100644 --- a/exo/28/15.md +++ b/exo/28/15.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## the work of a skillful workman, fashioned like the ephod ## +# the work of a skillful workman, fashioned like the ephod -This can be translated as a new sentence: "a skillful workman will make it like the ephod" \ No newline at end of file +"a skillful workman will make it like the ephod" + +# span + +A span is 22 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/17.md b/exo/28/17.md index 5bb567d07b..055126ab67 100644 --- a/exo/28/17.md +++ b/exo/28/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## precious stones...onyx ## +# General Information: -See how you translated these in [Exodus 25:3](../25/03.md). +The colors of the precious stones mentioned here may be different from those in the UDB. -## ruby...topaz...garnet...emerald...diamond...jacinth...agate...amethyst...beryl...jasper ## +# precious stones -These are gems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +"valuable gems" or "treasured gems." See how you translated these in [Exodus 25:7](../25/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## sapphire ## +# ruby ... jasper -See how you translated this in [Exodus 24:9](../24/09.md). +These are precious stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## They must be mounted in gold settings ## +# sapphire -AT: "You must mount them in gold settings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a gemstone that is blue in color. See how you translated this in [Exodus 24:10](../24/09.md). + +# onyx + +This is a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. See how you translated these in [Exodus 25:7](../25/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# They must be mounted in gold settings + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must mount them in gold settings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/21.md b/exo/28/21.md index 687fae28d5..10f722a5db 100644 --- a/exo/28/21.md +++ b/exo/28/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## The stones must be arranged ## +# The stones must be arranged -AT: "You must arrange the stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must arrange the stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## signet ring ## +# signet ring -See how you translated the similar word in [Exodus 28:10](./10.md). +A signet is an engraved stone used to stamp a design into a wax seal. Here the stone is mounted on a ring. See how you translated "signet" in [Exodus 28:11](./10.md). -## chains like cords, braided work of pure gold ## +# chains like cords, braided work of pure gold -See how you translated similar phrases in [Exodus 28:13](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file +"chains that are made of pure gold and are braided like cords." See how you translated similar phrases in [Exodus 28:14](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/25.md b/exo/28/25.md index 30c129755e..3c9d1d487d 100644 --- a/exo/28/25.md +++ b/exo/28/25.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## braided chains ## +# braided chains -See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:13](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file +"chains braided like cords." See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:14](./13.md). + +# to the two settings + +These are two settings that enclose the stones. This can be clearly stated in the translation. AT: "to the two settings that enclose the stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/27.md b/exo/28/27.md index 004ef9091a..1a42bda259 100644 --- a/exo/28/27.md +++ b/exo/28/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## finely woven waistband ## +# finely-woven waistband -See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:6](./06.md). +This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](./06.md). -## so that it might be attached ## +# so that it might be attached -AT: "so that they may attach it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that they may attach it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the breastplate might not become unattached from the ephod- ## +# the breastpiece might not become unattached from the ephod -** AT: "the breastplate would stay attached to the ephod" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "the breastpiece would stay attached to the ephod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/29.md b/exo/28/29.md index 696844d69d..73a2c7f3fa 100644 --- a/exo/28/29.md +++ b/exo/28/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## on his heart ## +# he must carry the names of the people of Israel over his heart in the breastpiece -"over his heart" or "on his chest" +This refers to the names of the tribes engraved on the twelve stones the breastplate as described in [Exodus 28:17-21](./17.md). -## the Urim and the Thummim ## +# over his heart -It not clear what these are. They were objects that the priest used to determine somehow the will of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +"over Aaron's heart" or "on his chest" + +# the Urim and the Thummim ... the means for making decisions + +The second phrase appears to refer to the Urim and Thummim and explain their purpose. + +# the Urim and the Thummim + +It not clear what these are. They were objects, possibly stones, that the priest used to determine somehow the will of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/31.md b/exo/28/31.md index fcab63b6a4..d3bbc1ad05 100644 --- a/exo/28/31.md +++ b/exo/28/31.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## the work of a weaver ## +# This must be the work of a weaver -"the work of a person who weaves" or "the work of person who sews" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated as a command. AT: "A weaver must make this robe" + +# a weaver + +"a person who weaves" or "a person who creates cloth using thread" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/33.md b/exo/28/33.md index 36ba05f7e6..98f2283107 100644 --- a/exo/28/33.md +++ b/exo/28/33.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people do. -## pomegranate ## +# pomegranates -a round fruit (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +A pomegranate is a round fruit with a red outer skin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## a golden bell and a pomegranate ## +# a golden bell and a pomegranate This phrase is repeated to show the pattern of the design on the robe. -## so that its sound can be heard ## +# The robe is to be on Aaron when he serves -AT: "so that the bells make a sound" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Aaron must wear the robe when he serves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so that its sound can be heard + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the bells make a sound" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This is so that he does not die + +It is implied that he would die because he did not obey Yahweh. This can be stated. AT: "As a result, he will not die because of disobeying my instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/36.md b/exo/28/36.md index 69d9686289..e6548df9b8 100644 --- a/exo/28/36.md +++ b/exo/28/36.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people what they must do. +# General Information: -## engrave on it, like the engraving on a signet ## +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -See how you translated a similar clause in [Exodus 28:10](./10.md) +# engrave on it, like the engraving on a signet -## turban ## +"write on it in the same way a person engraves on a seal." See how you translated similar words in [Exodus 28:11](./10.md) -See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file +# turban + +This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](./04.md). + +# It must be on Aaron's forehead + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Aaron must wear it on his forehead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The turban must be always on his forehead + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Aaron must always wear the turban on his forehead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/39.md b/exo/28/39.md index 6491ce9557..c0e51f1e5b 100644 --- a/exo/28/39.md +++ b/exo/28/39.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + God continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## turban...sash ## +# turban -See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:4](./04.md). +This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](./04.md). -## the work of an embroiderer ## +# sash -See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). \ No newline at end of file +A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that a person wears around his waist or across his chest. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](./04.md). + +# the work of an embroiderer + +An embroiderer is a person who sews designs into cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/40.md b/exo/28/40.md index 8417cb99c4..60b2b89556 100644 --- a/exo/28/40.md +++ b/exo/28/40.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + God continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## sashes ## +# sashes -See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file +A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that a person wears around his waist or across his chest. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](./04.md). + +# headbands + +A headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes. + +# You must clothe Aaron your brother + +Aaron was the older brother of Moses. You can state this clearly in the translation. AT: "Put these clothes on your older brother Aaron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/42.md b/exo/28/42.md index 0bd3468e2f..a1a67a76f3 100644 --- a/exo/28/42.md +++ b/exo/28/42.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + God continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## undergarments ## +# undergarments -"underwear." These are clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. +These are underwear, clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. -## tent of meeting ## +# tent of meeting -See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:20](../27/20.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/20.md). + +# a permanent law + +"a law the will not end" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/28/intro.md b/exo/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c4cb530077 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 28 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Holy garments ##### +Because Yahweh is holy, only the priests could approach him, and when they did they must be wearing specially made clothing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/01.md b/exo/29/01.md index 7e116e1619..ff8f321fe8 100644 --- a/exo/29/01.md +++ b/exo/29/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -"Now" marks a change from garments for priests to consecrating priests. +The word "now" marks a change in topic from garments for priests to consecrating priests. -## you must do ## +# you must do Here "you" refers to Moses. -## to consecrate them ## +# to set them apart -"to consecrate Aaron and his sons" +"to set apart Aaron and his sons" -## serve me ## +# serve me Here "me" refers to Yahweh. -## one young bull ## +# one young bull a male cow -## rubbed with oil ## +# Also take wafers without yeast rubbed with oil -"anointed with oil" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Also take wafers without yeast and rub them with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## bread...cakes...wafers ## +# bread ... cakes ... wafers These are different kinds of food made from flour. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/03.md b/exo/29/03.md index adc98a701c..f98f82eafc 100644 --- a/exo/29/03.md +++ b/exo/29/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to Moses -## You must put them ## +# You must put them "You must put the bread, cake, and wafer" -## tent of meeting ## +# present them with the bull and the two rams -See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:20](../27/20.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "present" means to offer as a sacrifice. The full meaning of this can be translated clearly. AT: "offer them to me when you sacrifice the bull and the two rams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# tent of meeting + +This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/20.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/05.md b/exo/29/05.md index a8f615730e..193ac9da6a 100644 --- a/exo/29/05.md +++ b/exo/29/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## coat...turban ## +# coat -See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). +This was a coat with a design woven into it. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). -## woven waistband ## +# finely-woven waistband -See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:6](../28/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/06.md). + +# turban + +This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). + +# holy crown + +This crown is described in [Exodus 29:6](./05.md) as being engraved with the words "dedicated to Yahweh" and made of pure gold. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/08.md b/exo/29/08.md index f2d5a4a234..6bdc1b1d85 100644 --- a/exo/29/08.md +++ b/exo/29/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## bring his sons ## +# bring his sons "bring Aaron's sons" -## coats...sashes...headbands ## +# coats -See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:40](../28/40.md). +These were coats with a design woven into them. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). -## The work of the priesthood ## +# sashes + +A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that people wear around their waist or across their chest. See how you translated this word in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). + +# headbands + +A headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:40](../28/40.md). + +# The work of the priesthood "the duty of being priests" -## will belong to them ## +# will belong to them -AT: "will belong to them and their descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The duty of being priests will also belong to the descendants of Aaron's sons. You can state this clearly in the translation. AT: "will belong to them and their descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## permanent law ## +# permanent law -See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:42](../28/42.md). \ No newline at end of file +"a law the will not end." See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:43](../28/42.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/10.md b/exo/29/10.md index b9232e3f84..3e71809354 100644 --- a/exo/29/10.md +++ b/exo/29/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## tent of meeting ## +# tent of meeting -See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:20](../27/20.md). +This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/20.md). -## You must kill the bull ## +# You must kill the bull The bull offering was to be killed by Moses, not the priests, at the doorway, not inside the tent of meeting. -## kill the bull ## +# kill the bull -Since the following verses will tell what to do with the blood from the bull, use a term for "kill" that will imply a method similar to "slit its throat and catch the blood in a bowl" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +Since the following verses will tell what to do with the blood from the bull, use a term for "kill" that will imply a method similar to "slitting its throat and catch the blood in a bowl." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/12.md b/exo/29/12.md index 10221da816..4ac7279c9f 100644 --- a/exo/29/12.md +++ b/exo/29/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## the horns ## +# the horns -See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:1](../27/01.md). +These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:2](../27/01.md). -## the rest of the blood ## +# the rest of the blood "the remaining blood" -## covers the inner parts ## +# covers the inner parts "covers the organs" -## liver...kidneys ## +# liver ... kidneys These are organs in the body. -## But as for the bull's flesh, as well as its skin and dung ## +# But as for the bull's flesh, as well as its skin and dung "But as for the remaining parts of the bull" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/15.md b/exo/29/15.md index 216eb11604..ae1603f7c0 100644 --- a/exo/29/15.md +++ b/exo/29/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## You must kill the ram ## +# You must kill the ram -For these consecration sacrifices for the priests, it was moses, not Aaron or his sons that were to kill the animals. +For these consecration sacrifices for the priests, it was Moses, not Aaron or his sons, who had to kill the animals. -## on the altar ## +# on the altar -Unlike the bull offering that was burned outside of the tent, the ram was to be burned on the inner alter. +Unlike the bull offering that was burned outside of the tent, the ram was to be burned on the inner altar. -## inner parts ## +# the inner parts -See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:12](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file +"the organs." See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:13](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/19.md b/exo/29/19.md index a7b74ba14d..df201df8e8 100644 --- a/exo/29/19.md +++ b/exo/29/19.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. + +# Then you must kill the ram + +The ram was killed by cutting its throat. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "Then kill the ram by slitting its throat" or "Then kill the ram by cutting its throat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/21.md b/exo/29/21.md index a7b74ba14d..07818f3425 100644 --- a/exo/29/21.md +++ b/exo/29/21.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. + +# Aaron will then be set apart for me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "By doing this, you will dedicate Aaron to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/22.md b/exo/29/22.md index 79cf63b66f..01a8b74e59 100644 --- a/exo/29/22.md +++ b/exo/29/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## inner parts...liver...kidney ## +# inner parts ... liver ... kidney -See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:12](./12.md). +These refer to organs inside the body. See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:13](./12.md). -## Take one loaf...before me, Yahweh ## +# Take one loaf ... before Yahweh -For 29:23 see how you translated similar words in [Exodus 29:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +For 29:23 see how you translated similar words in [Exodus 29:2](./01.md). + +# that is before Yahweh + +"that you have placed before Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/24.md b/exo/29/24.md index 931d21f25b..036e314547 100644 --- a/exo/29/24.md +++ b/exo/29/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + God continues speaking to Moses. -## You must put these ## +# You must put these Here "these" refers to the parts of the sacrifice mentioned in the previous verses. -## it will be an offering made to me by fire ## +# it will be an offering made to me by fire -AT: "it will be a burnt offering to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "burn it as an offering to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/26.md b/exo/29/26.md index 126f361164..7228b03242 100644 --- a/exo/29/26.md +++ b/exo/29/26.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## ram of consecration ## +# ram of dedication -"ram which you consecrated" or "ram which you killed" +"ram that you dedicated" or "ram that you killed" -## the ram for the consecration of Aaron ## +# Aaron's ram of dedication -"the ram you used to consecrate Aaron" +"the ram that you used to dedicate Aaron" -## given by the Israelites ## +# a perpetual ordinance -AT: "which the Israelites will give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## By the regulations for the fellowship offerings, these ## - -"It will be a permanent law that these" - -## taken from the Israelites' offerings ## - -AT: "which they will take from the Israelites' offerings" \ No newline at end of file +"a permanent law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/29.md b/exo/29/29.md index 4c36055a07..86e160a798 100644 --- a/exo/29/29.md +++ b/exo/29/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## The holy garments of Aaron must also be reserved for his sons after him ## +# The holy garments of Aaron must also be reserved for his sons after him -These garments belong to the priesthood, not just Aaron's personal clothing. AT: "Aaron must reserve the holy garments for his sons after him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These garments belong to the priesthood and are not just Aaron's personal clothing. AT: "Aaron must reserve the holy garments for his sons after him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They are to be anointed in them and consecrated to me in them ## +# They are to be anointed in them and ordained to me in them -AT: "They must wear the holy garments when you anoint his sons and consecrate them to me" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They must wear the holy garments when you anoint his sons and ordain them to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## tent of meeting ## +# tent of meeting -See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:20](../27/20.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/20.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/31.md b/exo/29/31.md index 94167aafdd..4f96769eb8 100644 --- a/exo/29/31.md +++ b/exo/29/31.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## the ram for the consecration of the priests ## +# the ram for the installation of the priests -"the ram you killed to consecrate the priests" +"the ram you killed when you installed the priests" -## in a holy place ## +# in a holy place -This is not the same as the holy place outside of the most holy place. This refers to a place within the courtyard. AT: "at the entrance to the tent of meeting" +This is not the same as the holy place outside of the most holy place. This refers to a place within the courtyard. AT: "at the entrance to the tent of meeting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## tent of meeting ## +# tent of meeting -See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:20](../27/20.md). +This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/20.md). -## that were given ## +# that were given -AT: "that you sacrificed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you sacrificed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## It must not be eaten ## +# It must not be eaten -AT: "No one must eat it" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one must eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## because it has been consecrated—reserved—for me ## +# because it has been set apart to me -AT: "because it is holy" or "because it is sacred" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because you have set it apart to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/35.md b/exo/29/35.md index dd4955d794..f6ac771630 100644 --- a/exo/29/35.md +++ b/exo/29/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## In this way, by following all that I have commanded you to do, you must treat Aaron and his sons ## +# In this way, by following all that I have commanded you to do, you must treat Aaron and his sons "I have commanded you to treat Aaron and his sons this way" -## will be the same ## +# Then the altar will be completely set apart to me + +"Then the altar will be most holy" + +# will be set apart to Yahweh "will also be very holy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/38.md b/exo/29/38.md index 74f9a8d897..1967afd4c6 100644 --- a/exo/29/38.md +++ b/exo/29/38.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## You must regularly offer on the altar every day ## +# You must regularly offer on the altar every day -AT: "You must daily offer on the alter..." \ No newline at end of file +"You must daily offer on the altar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/40.md b/exo/29/40.md index a7b74ba14d..4782807fde 100644 --- a/exo/29/40.md +++ b/exo/29/40.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. + +# a tenth ... the fourth part + +"1/10 ... 1/4" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# ephah + +An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# hin + +A hin is 3.7 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/41.md b/exo/29/41.md index 7afa095ddf..61ceac9062 100644 --- a/exo/29/41.md +++ b/exo/29/41.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## it will be an offering made to me by fire ## +# it will be an offering made to me by fire -AT: "it will be a burnt offering to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will be a burnt offering to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## throughout your people's generations ## +# throughout your generations -See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:12](../12/12.md). +"through all the generations of your descendants." See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/12.md). -## tent of meeting ## +# tent of meeting -See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:20](../27/20.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/20.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/43.md b/exo/29/43.md index e9aefacb6c..3de27129d2 100644 --- a/exo/29/43.md +++ b/exo/29/43.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## the tent will be consecrated by my glory ## +# the tent will be set apart for me by my glory -AT: "My awesome presence will consecrate the tent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My awesome presence will dedicate the tent to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/45.md b/exo/29/45.md index a7b74ba14d..17c5a7b2e7 100644 --- a/exo/29/45.md +++ b/exo/29/45.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/29/intro.md b/exo/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4c45d317d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Exodus 29 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Consecrating priests ##### +This chapter records the process of consecrating priests. The priests were to be set apart from the rest of Israel because Yahweh is holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "I will live among the Israelites" ##### +As God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. This phrase indicates that he permanently remains within Israel in a special way while they have the ark. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/01.md b/exo/30/01.md index de86c70257..84d327a57b 100644 --- a/exo/30/01.md +++ b/exo/30/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh shifts to instructing Moses in the construction worship equipment. +# General Information: -## You must make ## +Yahweh tells Moses how to build the worship equipment. + +# You must make Here "you" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Its horns must be made ## +# Its horns must be made -See how you translated "horns" in [Exodus 27:1](../27/01.md). AT: "You must make its horns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated "horns" in [Exodus 27:2](../27/01.md). AT: "You must make its horns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/03.md b/exo/30/03.md index 6dde354ab9..1500770bcb 100644 --- a/exo/30/03.md +++ b/exo/30/03.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## to be attached to it ## +# the incense altar -AT: "which you will attach to the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"an altar to burn incense" + +# to be attached to it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you will attach to the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/05.md b/exo/30/05.md index 9cb560cb7b..25a7287b87 100644 --- a/exo/30/05.md +++ b/exo/30/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## ark of the covenant decrees ## +# ark of the testimony -See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:31](../26/31.md). +The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/31.md). AT: "the chest containing the commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## atonement lid ## +# atonement lid -See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:15](../25/15.md). +This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/15.md). -## where I will meet with you ## +# where I will meet with you Here "you" refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/07.md b/exo/30/07.md index 14244e91e9..03cd9f3eda 100644 --- a/exo/30/07.md +++ b/exo/30/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## throughout your people's generations ## +# throughout your generations -See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:12](../12/12.md). +"through all the generations of your descendants." See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/12.md). -## But you must offer ## +# But you must offer -Though the word "you" is addressed to Moses, it's instruction is specifically to Aaron and his descendants as to when and what they are to offer on the altar of incense. \ No newline at end of file +Though the word "you" is addressed to Moses, the instruction is given specifically to Aaron and his descendants as to when and what they are to offer on the altar of incense. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/10.md b/exo/30/10.md index 143f6b2245..2f79125371 100644 --- a/exo/30/10.md +++ b/exo/30/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## horns ## +# horns -See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:1](../27/01.md). +These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:2](../27/01.md). -## throughout your people's generations ## +# throughout your generations -See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:12](../12/12.md). \ No newline at end of file +"through all the generations of your descendants." See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/11.md b/exo/30/11.md index 3177e49916..170809f7b0 100644 --- a/exo/30/11.md +++ b/exo/30/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## When you take ## +# When you take -possible meaning are 1) "you" refers to just Moses, with just himself being the census taker or 2) "you" refers to Moses and the leaders of Israel in generations to come when they take a census. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "you" refers to just Moses or 2) "you" refers to Moses and the leaders of Israel in future generations when they take a census. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## a census of the Israelites ## +# a census of the Israelites The leaders only counted the Israelite men. -## Everyone who is counted ## +# Everyone who is counted -AT: "Every man you count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. They counted only the men. AT: "Everyone you count" or "Every man you count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# half a shekel of silver + +"1/2 a shekel of silver." Translators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: "5.5 grams of silver" or "six grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# according to the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary + +There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. + +# twenty gerahs + +"20 gerahs." A gerah is a unit that people used for measuring how much something very small weighed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# from twenty years old and up + +Larger numbers are spoken of as being up or above smaller numbers. AT: "from twenty years old and more" or "who is twenty years old or older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/15.md b/exo/30/15.md index 0c8a09b2cd..2ed9b33775 100644 --- a/exo/30/15.md +++ b/exo/30/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## the people ## +# the people Only the men made this offering. -## It must be a reminder to the Israelites before me, to make atonement for your lives ## +# the half shekel -Possible meanings are 1) this is a reminder to the Israelites that God has removed their sins or 2) this will remind God of the Israelites and he will remove their sins. \ No newline at end of file +Translators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: "the 5.5 grams of silver" or "the 6 grams of silver." See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:13](./11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# It must be a reminder to the Israelites before me, to make atonement for your lives + +Possible meanings are 1) "It will remind the Israelites to make atonement for their lives" or 2) "It will remind the Israelites that they have made atonement for their lives." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/17.md b/exo/30/17.md index 79783931c4..35e0e32e7d 100644 --- a/exo/30/17.md +++ b/exo/30/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## You must also make ## +# You must also make Here "you" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## and the altar ## +# basin -The alter of sacrifice \ No newline at end of file +"bowl" or "tub" + +# a bronze stand + +This is what the basin would be put on. + +# a basin for washing + +This phrase explains what the priests were to use the large bronze basin for. + +# the altar + +the altar of sacrifice \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/19.md b/exo/30/19.md index 8b78d9ef84..c25e31e1ed 100644 --- a/exo/30/19.md +++ b/exo/30/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## water in it ## +# water in it "water in the basin" -## throughout their people's generations ## +# for Aaron and his descendants throughout their people's generations -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:12](../12/12.md). \ No newline at end of file +"for Aaron and all the generations of his descendants." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:14](../12/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/22.md b/exo/30/22.md index 22524b22fa..22f5f4feb6 100644 --- a/exo/30/22.md +++ b/exo/30/22.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## five hundred ## +# spices -"500" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:6](../25/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## cinnamon...cane...cassia ## +# five hundred shekels ... 250 shekels + +"500 shekels ... two hundred and fifty shekels." A shekel is about 11 grams. Translators may use units that people know and round numbers: "5.7 kilograms ... 11.4 kilograms" or "six kilograms ... three kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# cinnamon ... cane ... cassia These are sweet spices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## measured by the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary ## +# the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 30:11](./11.md). +There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:13](./11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## with these ingredients ## +# one hin + +Translators may use units that people know and round numbers: "3.7 liters" or "four liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# with these ingredients "with these items" -## the work of a perfumer ## +# the work of a perfumer -This is a person who is skilled in mixing spices. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or 2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it. + +# a perfumer + +a person who is skilled in mixing spices and oils \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/26.md b/exo/30/26.md index 8a953a59ae..3bebd53deb 100644 --- a/exo/30/26.md +++ b/exo/30/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## You must anoint ## +# You must anoint Here "you" refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## ark of the covenant decrees ## +# ark of the testimony -See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:31](../26/31.md). \ No newline at end of file +The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/31.md). AT: "the chest containing the commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the altar for burnt offerings + +"the altar on which offering were burnt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/29.md b/exo/30/29.md index 495486a66b..b0eb0a1096 100644 --- a/exo/30/29.md +++ b/exo/30/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## consecrate them ## +# set them apart -This refers to the items listed in [Exodus 30:26](./26.md). +This refers to the items listed in [Exodus 30:26-28](./26.md). -## will also be reserved for me ## +# throughout your people's generations -"will also be holy" or "will also be set aside for me" - -## throughout your people's generations ## - -See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:12](../12/12.md). \ No newline at end of file +"all the generations of your descendants." See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/32.md b/exo/30/32.md index 9a61aa8deb..87e7719058 100644 --- a/exo/30/32.md +++ b/exo/30/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. +# General Information: -## It must not be applied to people's skin ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses what Moses must tell the people. -AT: "You must not put the holy anointing oil on a person's skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# It must not be applied to people's skin -## with the same formula ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must not put the anointing oil that is dedicated to Yahweh on a person's skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with the same formula "with the same ingredients" or "with the same items" -## that person must be cut off from his people ## +# that person must be cut off from his people -AT: "you must remove that person from the people" \ No newline at end of file +The metaphor "cut off" has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) "I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel" 2) "the people of Israel must send him away" or 3) "the people of Israel must kill him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/34.md b/exo/30/34.md index e53e60b17f..0c4f5473a3 100644 --- a/exo/30/34.md +++ b/exo/30/34.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Take spices ## +# General Information: -Yahweh is telling Moses what the people must do. +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what to do. Yahweh gives the commands only to Moses: all instances of "you" are singular. However, the words "blended by a perfumer" might mean that Moses could have the perfumer take the spices, blend them, grind them, and give them to Moses so Moses could put part of the mixture in front of the ark, as in UDB. -## stacte, onycha, and galbanum ## +# stacte, onycha, and galbanum These are spices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## Make it into the form of incense, blended by a perfumer ## +# Make it into the form of incense, blended by a perfumer -See how you translated "perfumer" in [Exodus 30:22](./22.md). AT: "A perfumer must blend it into a kind of incense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The phrase with "blended" can be translated in active form. AT: "Make it into the form of incense that a perfumer has blended" or "A perfumer must blend it into a kind of incense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## You will grind it ## +# blended by a perfumer + +Possible meanings are 1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or 2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it. See how you translated these words in [Exodus 30:25](./22.md). + +# You will grind it "You will crush it." Here "you" refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## You will regard ## +# You will regard -Here "you" refers to Moses and all the people. \ No newline at end of file +Here "you" is plural and refers to Moses and all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/37.md b/exo/30/37.md index 9eb3906cbc..449a59a45b 100644 --- a/exo/30/37.md +++ b/exo/30/37.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## with the same formula ## +# you must not make any -See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:32](./32.md). +The word "you" here refers to the people of Israel. -## perfume ## +# with the same formula + +"with the same ingredients" or "with the same items." See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:32](./32.md). + +# It must be most holy to you + +"You must consider it to be most holy" + +# perfume This is a pleasant smelling liquid a person puts on his or her body. -## must be cut off from his people ## +# must be cut off from his people -See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:32](./32.md). \ No newline at end of file +The metaphor "cut off" has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) "I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel" 2) "the people of Israel must send him away" or 3) "the people of Israel must kill him." See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:33](./32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/30/intro.md b/exo/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c1ccc73b51 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 30 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Atonement ##### +The atonement offered by the priests was very important in the religious life of Israel. In order to offer sacrifices, the priests had to maintain ritual cleanliness by washing themselves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/31/01.md b/exo/31/01.md index 8386346542..89f52dc5e1 100644 --- a/exo/31/01.md +++ b/exo/31/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Bezalel...Uri...Hur ## +# I have called by name + +God speaks of choosing specific people as calling them by name. AT: "I have chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Bezalel ... Uri ... Hur These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/31/03.md b/exo/31/03.md index 1f8855c959..3b8346c703 100644 --- a/exo/31/03.md +++ b/exo/31/03.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## all kinds of craftsmanship ## +# I have filled Bezalel with my Spirit -This is someone who can work with wood, metal, and stones to make all kinds of objects. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of giving Bezalel his Spirit as if Bezalel were a container and God's Spirit were a liquid. AT: "I have given my Spirit to Bezalel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for all kinds of craftsmanship + +The abstract noun "craftsmanship" can be translated as "making crafts" or "making things." AT: "for making all kinds of crafts" or "so that he can make all kinds of things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/31/06.md b/exo/31/06.md index 95649aeba6..01f2cdca37 100644 --- a/exo/31/06.md +++ b/exo/31/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## Oholiab...Ahisamach ## +# Oholiab ... Ahisamak These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## I have put skill into the hearts of all who are wise ## +# I have put skill into the hearts of all who are wise -AT: "I have given skill to those who are wise" +God speaks of making people able to make things as if he were putting the ability into their hearts. AT: "I have given skill to all who are wise" or "I have made all who are wise able to make things well" -## tent of meeting...basin with its base ## +# tent of meeting -In 31:7-9 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:26](../30/26.md). +This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/20.md). -## atonement lid ## +# ark of the testimony -See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:15](../25/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/31.md). AT: "the chest containing the commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# atonement lid + +This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/15.md). + +# incense altar + +"altar to burn incense." See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:03](../30/03.md). + +# altar for burnt offerings + +"altar on which offering were burnt." See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:28](../30/26.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/31/10.md b/exo/31/10.md index 621aab7050..72e9762a1c 100644 --- a/exo/31/10.md +++ b/exo/31/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## finely woven ## +# finely-woven garments -See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:6](../28/06.md). +These were clothing made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 28:8](../28/06.md). -## These craftsmen ## +# These craftsmen -"These skilled workmen" \ No newline at end of file +"These people who are skilled in making beautiful things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/31/12.md b/exo/31/12.md index 0a34d55007..bc4791d7ab 100644 --- a/exo/31/12.md +++ b/exo/31/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## a sign between him ## +# You must certainly keep Yahweh's Sabbath days -"a sign between me" or "a sign between Yahweh" +God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. AT: "You must certainly obey Yahweh's instructions about the Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## throughout your people's generations ## +# throughout your people's generations -See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:12](../12/12.md). +"through all the generations of your descendants." See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/12.md). -## for it must be treated by you as holy ## +# who sets you apart for himself -AT: "for you must treat it as holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +God speaks of choosing people to be his as setting them apart for himself. AT: "who has chosen you to be his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but the seventh day ## +# for it must be treated by you as holy -AT: "But on day 7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for you must treat it as holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## must surely be put to death ## +# Everyone who defiles it -AT: "you must kill" or "you must execute" \ No newline at end of file +God speaks of treating the Sabbath with disrespect as defiling it. AT: "Everyone who treats the Sabbath with disrespect" or "Everyone who does not obey the laws about the Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# must surely be put to death + +"must surely be killed." This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must surely kill" or "you must surely execute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# must surely be cut off from his people + +The metaphor "cut off" has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) "Yahweh will no longer consider him to be one of his people" 2) "you must surely send him away" or 3) "you must surely kill him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but the seventh day + +"but day 7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/31/16.md b/exo/31/16.md index 73c97f02be..d7ebc2e7eb 100644 --- a/exo/31/16.md +++ b/exo/31/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. +# General Information: -## throughout their people's generations ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses what he must tell the people of Israel. -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:12](../12/12.md). +# must keep the Sabbath -## permanent law ## +God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. AT: "must obey Yahweh's instructions about the Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:42](../28/42.md). +# They must observe it throughout their people's generations -## Yahweh made heaven and earth ## +"They and all the generations of their descendants must observe it." See how you translated "throughout their people's generations" in [Exodus 12:42](../12/12.md). -AT: "Yahweh made everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# permanent law + +"a law the will not end." See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:43](../28/42.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/31/18.md b/exo/31/18.md index 39eeb79731..d6ddec3d76 100644 --- a/exo/31/18.md +++ b/exo/31/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## written on by his own hand ## +# written on by his own hand -"which Yahweh wrote on with his own hand" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "which Yahweh wrote on with his own hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/31/intro.md b/exo/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..af92c8ba7f --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Exodus 31 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is the end of Exodus' recording of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sabbath ##### +As described in this chapter, the Sabbath is more than just a day of worship or celebration. Its significance extends beyond a way to help people rest. It is a major part of the identity of the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/01.md b/exo/32/01.md index 1eb6bf8956..98e1e57398 100644 --- a/exo/32/01.md +++ b/exo/32/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## the people saw ## +# the people saw -This expression means that the people realized. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here understanding something is spoken of as if it were being seen. AT: "the people realized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Come, make us... ## +# Come, make us an idol -the word "come" here refers to a very strong request or demand. +The word "come" strengthens the force of the command following it. The people were demanding that Aaron make an idol for them. -## go before us ## +# go before us -AT: "lead us" or "be our leader" +"lead us" or "be our leader" -## bring them to me ## +# bring them to me -"them" refers to the golden rings. \ No newline at end of file +The word "them" refers to the golden rings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/03.md b/exo/32/03.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..50841ec596 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/32/03.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# All the people + +This refers to all the people who rejected Moses as their leader and Moses' God as their God. + +# fashioned it in a mold, and made it into a molded calf + +Aaron melted the gold and poured it into a mold that had the shape of a calf. When the gold became hard, he removed the mold, and the hardened gold had the shape of a calf. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/05.md b/exo/32/05.md index 46f1d45195..cba3e3331b 100644 --- a/exo/32/05.md +++ b/exo/32/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## When Aaron saw this ## +# When Aaron saw this -"This" refers to the reaction of the people. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +You may need to make explicit what he saw. "When Aaron saw what the people did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## carouse in wild celebration ## +# to carouse in wild celebration -to give oneself wholly in unrestrained eating, drinking and willingness to sleep with people. \ No newline at end of file +"to have a wild party." The people likely behaved in sexually immoral ways at the party. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/07.md b/exo/32/07.md index fa46838567..01c4b45058 100644 --- a/exo/32/07.md +++ b/exo/32/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## left the way ## +# left the way that I commanded them -AT: "stopped obeying me" or "left the road" (UDB) +Here God speaks of the people disobeying what he commanded them as if he had told them to walk on a certain road and they left that road. AT: "stopped doing what I commanded them to do" or "have stopped obeying what I commanded them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They have molded ... a calf ## +# They have molded for themselves a calf -"molded" describes the process of pouring molten metal into a container of a specific shape and cooled until the metal became solid. In this case the mold was in the shape of a calf and the metal was gold. \ No newline at end of file +"They have made a gold statue for themselves shaped like a calf" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/09.md b/exo/32/09.md index 84b288dbe4..6fd16a6b24 100644 --- a/exo/32/09.md +++ b/exo/32/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Now then ## +# I have seen this people -"Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here God explains why He will take action. +Here Yahweh compares knowing the people to seeing them. AT: "I know this people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## burn hot ## +# a stiff-necked people -"be very angry" +Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had stiff necks. AT: "a stubborn people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## from you ## +# Now then -"you" refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The word "now" is used here to mark a break in what Yahweh was telling Moses. Here Yahweh tells what he will do to the people. -## great power...mighty hand ## +# My anger will burn hot against them + +Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could burn hot. AT: "My anger towards them will be terrible" or "I am extremely angry with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from you + +The word "you" refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# why does your anger burn against your people ... a mighty hand? + +Moses used this question to to try to persuade Yahweh not to be so angry with his people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Do not let your anger burn against your people ... a mighty hand." or "Do not be so angry with your people ... a mighty hand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# great power ... mighty hand These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## mighty hand ## +# a mighty hand -Here the word "hand" refers to Yahweh's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hand" refers to the things Yahweh did. AT: "and the powerful things you did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/12.md b/exo/32/12.md index cc7e6cb37e..1a048c986c 100644 --- a/exo/32/12.md +++ b/exo/32/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues to reason with God not to destroy Israel. -## face of the earth ## +# Why should the Egyptians say, 'He led them out ... to destroy them from the face of the earth?' -“over the whole earth” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Moses used this question to try to persuade God not to destroy his people. This rhetorical question can be translated with a statement. AT: If you destroy your people, the Egyptians might say, 'He led them out ... to destroy them from the face of the earth.' (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## swore ## +# face of the earth -to have made an oath \ No newline at end of file +"from the surface of the earth" or "from the earth" + +# Turn from your burning anger + +"Stop your burning anger" or "Stop being so angry" + +# your burning anger + +Moses speaks of God's anger as if it were a fire that was burning. AT: "your terrible anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Call to mind Abraham + +"Remember Abraham" or "Think about Abraham" + +# swore + +"made an oath" or "solemnly promised" + +# They will inherit it forever + +God speaks about them possessing the land as if they would inherit it. AT: "They will possess it forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/15.md b/exo/32/15.md index 2a1dbde1a8..3e022554c0 100644 --- a/exo/32/15.md +++ b/exo/32/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## The tablets were God's own work, and the writing was God's own writing ## +# tablets of the covenant decrees -These two phrases share similar meanings. The second explains how the tablets were "God's own work."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the two stone slabs on which God had engraved his commandments. + +# The tablets were God's own work, and the writing was God's own writing + +These two phrases share similar meanings. The second explains how the tablets were "God's own work." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/17.md b/exo/32/17.md index caab8b6b49..96f55b4796 100644 --- a/exo/32/17.md +++ b/exo/32/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## he said to Moses ## +# he said to Moses -It is assumed that Joshua did not go into the cloud with Moses (See: [Exodus 24:16](../24/16.md)). It is assumed that Joshua joined Moses at this point on the side of the mountain and finished coming down together (see: [Exodus 24:12](../24/12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is assumed that Joshua met Moses while Moses was going back to the camp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/19.md b/exo/32/19.md index ab04fe4cb1..09760360fb 100644 --- a/exo/32/19.md +++ b/exo/32/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## tablets ## +# the tablets -the ten commandments \ No newline at end of file +"the two stone slabs that Yahweh had written on" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/21.md b/exo/32/21.md index 676547893b..2b35f6aaf7 100644 --- a/exo/32/21.md +++ b/exo/32/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## let your anger burn hot ## +# Then Moses said to Aaron, "What did this people ... a great sin on them?" -"become very angry" +This can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "Then Moses asked Aaron what the people do to him, that he have brought such a great sin on them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## I threw it into the fire and out came this calf ## +# you have brought such a great sin on them -instead of taking ownership for making the calf, Aaron claims the calf came out of the fire supernaturally. \ No newline at end of file +Moses spoke of causing people to sin as if sin were an object and Aaron put it on them. AT: "you have caused them to sin so terribly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not let your anger burn hot + +Aaron spoke of Moses' anger as if it were a fire that could burn. "Do not be so angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are set on doing evil + +Being determined to do evil is spoken of as being set on evil. AT: "they are determined to do what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this Moses + +People showed disrespect by putting the word "this" before his name, as if Moses were someone they did not know and could not trust. + +# So I said to them, 'Whoever has any gold, let him take it off.' + +This can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "So I told them that whoever had any gold should take it off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# I threw it into the fire, and out came this calf + +Instead of taking ownership for making the calf, Aaron claims the calf came out of the fire supernaturally. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/25.md b/exo/32/25.md index dfc1558794..27c9bb5d3f 100644 --- a/exo/32/25.md +++ b/exo/32/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## running wild ## +# were running wild -acting in an unrestrained manner +"were behaving wildly" or "were not controlling themselves" -## to mocking from their enemies ## +# Then Moses stood at the entrance ... "Whoever is on Yahweh's side, come to me." -"brought them to shame before their enemies" +This can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "Then Moses stood at the entrance to the camp and said that whoever was on Yahweh's side should come to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## go back and forth from entrance to entrance ## +# Whoever is on Yahweh's side -"go in and out from one entrance of the camp to the other entrance." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) "entrance to entrance" represents the whole camp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks of being loyal to Yahweh as being on Yahweh's side. AT: "Whoever is loyal to Yahweh" or "Whoever serves Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# go back and forth from entrance to entrance + +"go from side of the camp to the other, starting at one entrance to the camp and going to the entrance on the other side of the camp" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/28.md b/exo/32/28.md index a9def99f86..12d0885de0 100644 --- a/exo/32/28.md +++ b/exo/32/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## into Yahweh's service today ## +# three thousand of the people -The levites did not slay their brothers on their own accord, but out of obedience to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +"3000 of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# You have been placed into Yahweh's service + +This probably means "You have been chosen to serve Yahweh" or "You have become Yahweh's servants." + +# for each of you has taken action against his son and his brother + +The fact that they did this in obedience to God can be stated clearly. AT: "for you have obeyed Yahweh and killed your sons and your brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/30.md b/exo/32/30.md index 53f0eeedce..ee5c6601df 100644 --- a/exo/32/30.md +++ b/exo/32/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## You have committed a very great sin ## +# You have committed a very great sin -They worshipped an idol over God. This was God's first commandment, do not worship other gods before him. \ No newline at end of file +They worshiped an idol. + +# Perhaps I can make atonement for your sin + +Moses spoke of persuading God to forgive the people as if he could make atonement for their sin. AT: "Perhaps I can persuade Yahweh to forgive you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# blot me out of the book + +The word "me" here refers to the name of Moses. AT: "erase my name from the book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the book that you have written + +What God had written in the book can be stated clearly. AT: "the book in which you have written the names of your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/33.md b/exo/32/33.md index 4f2fa2643e..715a627d10 100644 --- a/exo/32/33.md +++ b/exo/32/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## I will blot out of my book ## +# that person I will blot out of my book -This is God's book of Life. +The phrase "that person" represents "that person's name." AT: "I will erase that person's name from my book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## But on the day that I punish them, I will punish them ## +# my book -On the day that God decides to punish them, it will be clear that it is God who is judging them. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the book of Yahweh that Moses spoke of in [Exodus 32:32](./30.md). + +# But on the day that I punish them, I will punish them + +On the day that God decides to punish them, it will be clear that it is God who is judging them. + +# Yahweh sent a plague on the people + +This plague may have been a serious illness. AT: "Yahweh made the people very sick" + +# they had made the calf, the one that Aaron made + +Even though Aaron made the calf, the people were also guilty because they told Aaron to do it. AT: "they told Aaron to make the calf" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/32/intro.md b/exo/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..07cbc99afd --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Exodus 32 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The events of this chapter occur while Moses spoke with God and therefore happen at the same time as chapters 20-31. + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 32:18, which is an important quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Idolatry ##### +The making of the golden calf was considered a form of idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/01.md b/exo/33/01.md index 5a817d0fb0..1814f738e4 100644 --- a/exo/33/01.md +++ b/exo/33/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses of his anger. -## land ... flowing with milk and honey ## +# that land, which is flowing with milk and honey -See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:7](../03/07.md). +The land was good for raising livestock and growing crops. See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:8](../03/07.md). AT: "a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a stubborn people ## +# flowing with + +"full of" or "with an abundance of" + +# milk + +Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. AT: "food from livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# honey + +Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. AT: "food from crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a stubborn people "people who refuse to change" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/04.md b/exo/33/04.md index d4d7f4de09..b9c1d5d2f4 100644 --- a/exo/33/04.md +++ b/exo/33/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -Moses continues to tell Israel what Yahweh has said to them. +# jewelry -## jewelry ## +beautiful clothing as well as chains and rings with jewels in them -beautiful clothing as well as jeweled chains and rings +# a stubborn people -## stubborn ## - -See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:1](./01.md) \ No newline at end of file +"people who refuse to change." See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:3](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/07.md b/exo/33/07.md index 2c90a99d77..55a245ecac 100644 --- a/exo/33/07.md +++ b/exo/33/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## would come down ## +# the pillar of cloud -from the sky (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The cloud had the shape of a pillar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:22](../13/19.md). AT: "the cloud shaped like a pillar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# would come down + +Where it came down from can be stated clearly. AT: "would come down from the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/10.md b/exo/33/10.md index 57d2be882e..b6ae75ae27 100644 --- a/exo/33/10.md +++ b/exo/33/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## young man ## +# Yahweh would speak to Moses face to face -old enough to be a soldier ([Exodus 17:8](../17/08.md)), but much younger than Moses \ No newline at end of file +Speaking directly rather than through dreams and visions, is spoken of as if Moses and God saw each other's faces while they spoke. AT: "Yahweh would speak directly to Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# young man + +old enough to be a soldier ([Exodus 17:9-10](../17/08.md)), but much younger than Moses \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/12.md b/exo/33/12.md index 428d227096..3d56c4be9c 100644 --- a/exo/33/12.md +++ b/exo/33/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## See ## +# See -AT: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." -## show me your ways ## +# I know you by name -Possible meanings: 1) "show me what you are going to do in the future" (see UDB) or 2) "show me how people can do what pleases you." \ No newline at end of file +To know someone by name is to know them well. AT: "I know you well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you have also found favor in my eyes + +Here "found favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing God's evaluation. AT: "I have evaluated you and approve" or "I am pleased with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Now if I have found favor in your eyes + +Here "found favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing God's evaluation. AT: "Now If you are pleased with me" or "Now if you approve of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# show me your ways + +Possible meanings: 1) "show me what you are going to do in the future" or 2) "show me how people can do what pleases you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/14.md b/exo/33/14.md index 955138fa35..f75c7ae633 100644 --- a/exo/33/14.md +++ b/exo/33/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## go with you...give you ## +# My own presence will go -go with and give to Moses (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +God's presence represents himself. AT: "I will go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## how will it be known...? ## +# go with you ... give you -AT: "no one will know...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The word "you" here refers to Moses. It is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Will it not only be...? ## +# I will give you rest -AT: "People will only know...." \ No newline at end of file +"I will let you rest" + +# For otherwise + +"For if your presence does not go with us" + +# how will it be known + +This can be expressed with an active form. AT: how will people know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# how will it be known ... people? + +Moses used this question in order to emphasize that if God does not go with them, no one will know that Moses had found favor in God's sight. AT: "no one will know ... people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will it not only be if + +"Will it not only be known if" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/17.md b/exo/33/17.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4c5e40681a --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/33/17.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + +When Yahweh uses the word "you" in this verse, it is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you have found favor in my eyes + +Here "found favor" is an idiom that means that God is pleased with Moses. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](./12.md). AT: "I am pleased with you" or "I approve of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I know you by name + +To know someone by name is to know them well. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](./12.md). AT: "I know you well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/19.md b/exo/33/19.md index 31a8c47b78..2badad33b1 100644 --- a/exo/33/19.md +++ b/exo/33/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## I will make all my goodness pass before you ## +# I will make all my goodness pass before you -AT: "I will move past you so that you may see my goodness” \ No newline at end of file +God speaks of walking past Moses so that Moses can see his goodness as if only his goodness would go past Moses. AT: "I will move past you so that you may see my goodness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/21.md b/exo/33/21.md index 311be4c3f7..459f0d1871 100644 --- a/exo/33/21.md +++ b/exo/33/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## See ## +# See -“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." -## you will see my back, but my face will not be seen ## +# you will see my back -because Yahweh will be walking away from Moses \ No newline at end of file +This is because Yahweh will be walking away from Moses. + +# but my face will not be seen + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "but you will not see my face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/33/intro.md b/exo/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..202197896d --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 33 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Covenant ##### +While the covenants Yahweh made may not be conditioned upon the obedience of Israel, it is clear that their conquering of the Promised Land was conditioned on their obedience to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/01.md b/exo/34/01.md index 03c9016958..7c3e5e5f3c 100644 --- a/exo/34/01.md +++ b/exo/34/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## present yourself there ## +# tablets -This was an order, not a request. \ No newline at end of file +"flat slabs of stone." See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:18](../31/18.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/03.md b/exo/34/03.md index 1b35a35b31..af339d6152 100644 --- a/exo/34/03.md +++ b/exo/34/03.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## No flocks or herds are even to graze in front of the mountain ## +# Do not let anyone else be seen anywhere on the mountain -"Even flocks or herds are not allowed to come near the mountain to eat" \ No newline at end of file +Being seen doing something represents doing that. AT: "Do not let anyone else be anywhere on the mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# No flocks or herds are even to graze in front of the mountain + +"Even flocks or herds are not allowed to come near the mountain to eat." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/05.md b/exo/34/05.md index d0b4c34e59..c2b91818da 100644 --- a/exo/34/05.md +++ b/exo/34/05.md @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ -## stood with Moses there ## +# stood with Moses there "stood with Moses on the mountain" -## he pronounced the name ## +# he pronounced the name "Yahweh." -"he spoke the name." Here "he" refers to Yahweh. +Possible meanings are 1) "he spoke the name 'Yahweh.'" or 2) "he proclaimed who Yahweh is." For the second meaning, "name" would represent who God is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## God is merciful and gracious ## +# Yahweh, Yahweh, God is merciful and gracious -"God is fully of mercy and grace" +God is speaking about himself. AT: "I, Yahweh, am God, and I am merciful and gracious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## and abounding in ## +# abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness -"and always shows" or "and is full of" +"always showing covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness" -## covenant faithfulness ## +# abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness -See how you translated this in [Exodus 20:4](../20/04.md) +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be stated as "faithful" and "trustworthy." AT: "always being faithful to my covenant and always being trustworthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## But he will ## +# keeping covenant faithfulness for thousands of generations -Yahweh is speaking about himself. +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 20:6](../20/04.md). AT: "faithfully loving thousands of generations" or "faithful to his covenant with thousands of generation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## he will by no means clear the guilty ## +# But he will -This means that God will surely punish those who are guilty. AT: “he will punish those who are guilty.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is speaking about himself. AT: "But I will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# he will by no means clear the guilty + +Yahweh is speaking about himself. AT: "I will by no means clear the guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# will by no means clear the guilty + +"will certainly not clear the guilty" or "will certainly not say that the guilty are innocent" or "will certainly not free guilty people" + +# He will bring the punishment for the fathers' sin on their children + +Punishing people is spoken of as if punishment were an object that someone could bring on people. AT: "He will punish the children for their fathers' sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their children + +The word "children" represents descendants. AT: "their descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/08.md b/exo/34/08.md index 8ea693911f..289fb9cb39 100644 --- a/exo/34/08.md +++ b/exo/34/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## found favor in your sight ## +# If now I have found favor in your eyes -See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). +Here "found favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). AT: "Now If you are pleased with me" or "Now if you approve of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my Lord ## +# our iniquity and our sin -The Hebrew here actually is “my Lord,” and not “Yahweh.” +The words "iniquity" and "sin" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "all our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## please go among us ## +# take us as your inheritance -Here "us" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) - -## our iniquity and our sin ## - -The words "iniquity" and "sin" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Something that someone possesses forever is spoken of as if it were something that they had inherited. AT: "take us as the people that you possess forever" or "accept us as the people who belong to you forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/10.md b/exo/34/10.md index 188409cd69..6da64cc5f1 100644 --- a/exo/34/10.md +++ b/exo/34/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## your people ## +# your people Here "your" refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## I am doing with you ## +# it is a fearful thing that I am doing with you -Here "you" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +A fearful thing is a thing that causes people to be afraid. In this case, people will fear God when they see what he does. AT: "what I do for you will cause people to fear me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I am doing with you + +Here "you" refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/12.md b/exo/34/12.md index 8e2727e46e..b6a376b7be 100644 --- a/exo/34/12.md +++ b/exo/34/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +# General Information: -## they will become a trap among you ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. Here he tells him what Moses and the people must do. -This emphasizes that they will cause the people of Israel to sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# they will become a trap among you -## whose name is 'Jealous' ## +People who tempt others to sin are spoken of as if they were a trap. AT: "they will tempt you to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -it is a part of God's character that he actively pursues to guard his people from worshiping other god's before him. \ No newline at end of file +# Yahweh, whose name is Jealous + +The word "Jealous" here means that God is concerned to keep his honor. If his people worship other gods, he loses honor, because when his people do not honor him, other people also will not honor him. AT: "I, Yahweh, always guard my honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whose name is Jealous, + +The word "name" here represents God's character. AT: "I, Yahweh, who am always jealous" or "I, Yahweh, am always jealous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/15.md b/exo/34/15.md index 026b7a073b..29aad85491 100644 --- a/exo/34/15.md +++ b/exo/34/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. +# Connecting Statement: -## commit adultery and go after their gods ## +Yahweh continues to tell Moses how his people are to behave towards outsiders. -This compares Yahweh to a husband and the people to his wife. If they worship other gods it is like a wife who is unfaithful to her husband. AT: "worship other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# for they prostitute themselves to their gods -## You must mold no idols ## +God speaks of people worshiping other gods as if they were prostitutes going to other men. AT: "for they worship other gods" or "because they worship other gods like prostitutes who go to other men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"You must not make idols" \ No newline at end of file +# you will eat some of his sacrifice + +The consequence of eating food that is sacrificed to another god can be stated clearly. AT: "you will eat some of his sacrifice and become guilty of worshiping his gods" or "and you will prostitute yourself to his god by eating some of his sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/18.md b/exo/34/18.md index ca8509f67f..69fabdc23f 100644 --- a/exo/34/18.md +++ b/exo/34/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## seven days ## +# seven days "7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## in the month of Abib ## +# in the month of Aviv -See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:3](../13/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. See how you translated "Aviv" in [Exodus 13:4](../13/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/19.md b/exo/34/19.md index a33746cb82..ec93aab93c 100644 --- a/exo/34/19.md +++ b/exo/34/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## buy back ## +# buy back -Firstborn sons and firstborn donkeys belonged to Yahweh, but Yahweh did not want them sacrificed to Him. Instead, the Israelites were to sacrifice a lamb in their place. This allowed the Israelites to “buy” the donkeys and sons from Yahweh. +Firstborn sons and firstborn donkeys belonged to Yahweh, but Yahweh did not want them sacrificed to Him. Instead, the Israelites were to sacrifice a lamb in their place. This allowed the Israelites to buy the donkeys and sons back from Yahweh. -## no one may appear before me empty-handed ## +# No one may appear before me empty-handed -handed** - "no one may come to me without an offering." AT: "Every person who comes to me must bring an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +God speaks of the offering as if the person was to carry it in his hands. AT: "No one may come to me without an offering" or "Everyone who comes to me must bring me an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/21.md b/exo/34/21.md index 51dbfd98cf..37aad4acaa 100644 --- a/exo/34/21.md +++ b/exo/34/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## even at plowing time and in harvest ## +# Even at plowing time and in harvest -"even when you are preparing the soil or gathering the crops" +"Even when you are preparing the soil or gathering the crops" -## Festival of Ingathering ## +# Festival of Ingathering -This festival was also known as the Festival of Shelters or the Festival of Booths. The idea came from the practice of the farmers living in temporary booths, or huts, out in the fields to guard the crop as it ripened. "Ingathering" means when they gather their crop. \ No newline at end of file +This festival was also known as the Festival of Shelters or the Festival of Booths. The idea came from the practice of the farmers living in temporary booths, or huts, out in the fields to guard the crop as it ripened. The word "Ingathering" means when they harvest their crop. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/23.md b/exo/34/23.md index 8c658b3d73..bc810681f8 100644 --- a/exo/34/23.md +++ b/exo/34/23.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/25.md b/exo/34/25.md index d41d4f5a32..df0ecacbba 100644 --- a/exo/34/25.md +++ b/exo/34/25.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. + +# the blood of my sacrifice + +The fact that the blood is from an animal can be stated clearly. AT: "the blood of an animal that you sacrifice to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# with any yeast + +The fact that any yeast would be in bread can be stated clearly. AT: "with bread that has yeast in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/27.md b/exo/34/27.md index 4d10828f9f..5728811548 100644 --- a/exo/34/27.md +++ b/exo/34/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Moses was there ## +# Moses was there "Moses was on the mountain" -## forty days ## +# forty days "40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## He wrote ## +# for forty days and nights + +"for forty days, both day and night" + +# He wrote "Moses wrote" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/29.md b/exo/34/29.md index 4c01b4e210..bf574bc807 100644 --- a/exo/34/29.md +++ b/exo/34/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## had become radiant ## +# had become radiant -"had started to shine" \ No newline at end of file +"had started to shine" + +# came up to him + +"approached him" or "went to him." They did not go up the mountain. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/32.md b/exo/34/32.md index 8b50ecdcd5..178049cff1 100644 --- a/exo/34/32.md +++ b/exo/34/32.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## he put a veil over his face ## +# all the commands that Yahweh had given him -AT: "He put a veil over his face because it was still shining." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Telling commands is spoken of as if the commands were objects that could be given. AT: "all the commands that Yahweh had told him" or "everything that Yahweh had commanded them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/34.md b/exo/34/34.md index d09d682707..c87292f64b 100644 --- a/exo/34/34.md +++ b/exo/34/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## he would remove ## +# he would remove "Moses would remove" -## what he had been instructed ## +# what he was commanded -AT: "what Yahweh had commanded him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what Yahweh had commanded him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/34/intro.md b/exo/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7d90646fd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 34 General Notes # + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "He will bring the punishment for the fathers' sin on their children" ##### +This phrase does not mean that a child is necessarily punished for the sins of their parents. Many scholars believe that this passage indicates that a parent's sins will have consequences that will affect their children and grandchildren. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/01.md b/exo/35/01.md index 23b5680a61..6a665ff06f 100644 --- a/exo/35/01.md +++ b/exo/35/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Whoever does any work on that day must be put to death ## +# the seventh day -AT: "You must kill anyone who does work on that day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"day number seven" or "Saturday" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Whoever does any work on that day must be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must kill anyone who does work on that day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/04.md b/exo/35/04.md index e4df84a749..1a5ce2bcc6 100644 --- a/exo/35/04.md +++ b/exo/35/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Take an offering...ephod and breastpiece ## +# General Information: -For 35:5-9 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:1](../25/01.md) and [Exodus 25:3](../25/03.md). +Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md). -## Take an offering for Yahweh ## +# Take an offering for Yahweh -"Take up a collection for Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +"Take up a collection for Yahweh" + +# all of you who have a willing heart + +Here "heart" refers to the person bringing the offering. AT: "everyone who is willing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/10.md b/exo/35/10.md index 149a15804a..d81f4801b7 100644 --- a/exo/35/10.md +++ b/exo/35/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues telling the people what God commanded them to do. -## Every skilled man ## +# Every skilled man "Every man with a skill" -## clasp ## +# clasps -See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:4](../26/04.md). +The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:4-6](../26/04.md). -## bases ## +# bases These are heavy objects that rest on the ground and keep the object attached to them from moving. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:31](../25/31.md). -## atonement lid ## +# atonement lid -See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:15](../25/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/13.md b/exo/35/13.md index 7c90fe07e7..5a6d9014b9 100644 --- a/exo/35/13.md +++ b/exo/35/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## They brought ## +# They brought "The people of Israel brought" -## bread of the presence ## +# bread of the presence -See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:28](../25/28.md). +This bread represented the presence of God. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:30](../25/28.md). -## bronze grate ## +# bronze grate -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 27:3](../27/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is a frame of crossed bronze bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated "grate" in [Exodus 27:4](../27/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/17.md b/exo/35/17.md index 33f11572f3..328eda8fa5 100644 --- a/exo/35/17.md +++ b/exo/35/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## hangings...posts...bases...tent pegs ## +# hangings -See how you translated these in [Exodus 27:17](../27/17.md). +These were large curtains made of cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). -## fine woven garments...serve as priests ## +# posts -For 35:19 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 31:10](../31/10.md). \ No newline at end of file +These were strong pieces of wood set upright and used as supports. See how you translated these in [Exodus 27:10](../27/09.md). + +# bases + +These were blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md). + +# tent pegs + +sharp pieces of wood or metal used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:19](../27/17.md). + +# finely-woven garments + +This was clothing made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/20.md b/exo/35/20.md index f74387d614..d64c2b394f 100644 --- a/exo/35/20.md +++ b/exo/35/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## whose heart stirred him up and whom his spirit made willing ## +# all the tribes of Israel -AT: "who desired to" or "who wanted to" +This refers to the people in the tribes. AT: "the people from all the tribes of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## brooches, earrings, rings, and ornaments ## +# whose heart stirred him up + +Here "heart" refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. AT: "who responded to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whom his spirit made willing + +Here "spirit" refers to the person. AT: "who was willing" or "who wanted to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all who had a willing heart + +Here "heart" refers to the person. AT: "everyone who was willing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# brooches, earrings, rings, and ornaments These are different kinds of jewelry. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/23.md b/exo/35/23.md index a564ba278c..8e5104e6e3 100644 --- a/exo/35/23.md +++ b/exo/35/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Everyone who had...brought them ## +# Everyone who had ... brought them -For 35:23 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:3](../25/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +For 35:23 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:4-5](../25/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/25.md b/exo/35/25.md index a70c259b1a..d7d49e4c84 100644 --- a/exo/35/25.md +++ b/exo/35/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## blue, purple, or scarlet wool, or fine linen...goats' hair ## +# blue, purple, or scarlet wool -See how you translated these in [Exodus 25:3](../25/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet," probably wool yarn, or 2) "blue, purple and scarlet dye" to dye the linen. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 25:4](../25/03.md). + +# whose hearts stirred them up + +Here "hearts" refers to the women. The hearts of the women who responded to God are spoken of as if they were water stirred up by a storm. AT: "who responded to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/27.md b/exo/35/27.md index bc85ea398f..b2d236a163 100644 --- a/exo/35/27.md +++ b/exo/35/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## The leaders brought...Moses to be made ## +# The leaders brought ... Moses to be made -For 35:27-29 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:1](../25/01.md) and [Exodus 25:3](../25/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +For 35:27-29 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:1-2](../25/01.md) and [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md). + +# whose heart was willing + +Here "heart" refers to the people. AT: "who was willing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/30.md b/exo/35/30.md index 787e0174f2..2c54c81805 100644 --- a/exo/35/30.md +++ b/exo/35/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Moses said...design and craftmanship ## +# He has filled Bezalel with his Spirit -For 35:30-33 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 31:1](../31/01.md) and [Exodus 31:3](../31/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +God's Spirit who gave Bezalel the ability to work is spoken of here as if he was something that filled up Bezalel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# design and craftsmanship + +For 35:30-33 see how you translated these words in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md) and [Exodus 31:3-5](../31/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/34.md b/exo/35/34.md index 0957f5ff48..c20cfe16a6 100644 --- a/exo/35/34.md +++ b/exo/35/34.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people. -## He has put it in his heart ## +# He has put it in his heart to teach -AT: "Yahweh has given Bezalel the desire" +Here "heart" refers to Bezalel. The ability to teach is spoken of as if it something that could be placed in a heart. AT: "He gave Bezalel the ability to teach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Oholiab, son of Ahisamach, from the tribe of Dan ## +# filled them with skill -See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). +Skill to create beautiful objects is spoken of as if it was something that could fill up a person. AT: "made them very skillful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## engravers ## +# Oholiab son of Ahisamak, from the tribe of Dan -a person who cuts designs into a hard material such as wood or stone +"Oholiab" and "Ahisamak" are names of men. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## embroiderer ## +# engravers -a person who sews designs into cloth +a person who cuts designs into a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal -## craftsman ## +# embroiderers -a person who is skilled in making beautiful objects by hand +people who sew designs into cloth -## weavers ## +# craftsmen + +people who are skilled in making beautiful objects by hand + +# weavers a person who creates cloth using thread -## artistic designers ## +# artistic designers a person who creates beauty with materials \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/35/intro.md b/exo/35/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c90b38d811 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/35/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 35 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sacrifice ##### +All of the people offered sacrifices to Yahweh. This was a form of worship and a sign of repentance from making the golden calf idol. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/01.md b/exo/36/01.md index facc285a3c..914ca1b7d2 100644 --- a/exo/36/01.md +++ b/exo/36/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people. -## Bezalel ## +# Bezalel -See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1](../31/01.md). +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Oholiab ## +# Oholiab -See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## every wise hearted person ## +# to whom Yahweh has given skill and ability -AT: "every wise person" \ No newline at end of file +Here skill and ability are spoken of as if they are something that Yahweh can place inside a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# according to all that Yahweh has commanded + +"just as Yahweh has commanded" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/02.md b/exo/36/02.md index b5edf96e52..3b18bdbeda 100644 --- a/exo/36/02.md +++ b/exo/36/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Bezalel ## +# Bezalel -See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1](../31/01.md). +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Oholiab ## +# Oholiab -See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## whose mind Yahweh had given skill ## +# in whose mind Yahweh had given skill -Those who have been given knowledge and understanding in these skills by God. +Here "mind" refers to the person who was made skillful by Yahweh. AT: "to whom Yahweh had given skill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## whose heart stirred within him ## +# whose heart stirred within him -Those who greatly desired to do the work. \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. AT: "who responded to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/05.md b/exo/36/05.md index 5288c2add2..d2578fdd4f 100644 --- a/exo/36/05.md +++ b/exo/36/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## They told Moses ## +# The craftsmen told Moses ... commanded us to do." + +The can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "The craftsmen told Moses that the people were bringing much more than enough for doing the work that Yahweh has commanded them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# The craftsmen told Moses "The men working on the sanctuary told Moses" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/08.md b/exo/36/08.md index 93307e8df5..918abf94e3 100644 --- a/exo/36/08.md +++ b/exo/36/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## So all the craftsmen...joined to each other ## +# So all the craftsmen ... joined to each other -For 38:8-10 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:1](../26/01.md). +For 38:8-10 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:1-3](../26/01.md). -## ten curtains made from fine linen ## +# ten curtains made from fine linen These curtains are sheets of cloth woven and sewed together so that they can hang to form a wall or tent. -## Bezalel ## +# Bezalel -See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1](../31/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/11.md b/exo/36/11.md index 5de3b52bcd..ae8ff94d34 100644 --- a/exo/36/11.md +++ b/exo/36/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## He made loops...became united ## +# He made loops ... became united -For 36:11-13 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:4](../26/04.md). +For 36:11-13 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:4-6](../26/04.md). -## curtain ## +# loops of blue -See how you translated curtain in [Exodus 36:8](./08.md) +loops of blue cloth -## He made ## +# curtain -Here "he" refers to Bezalel but it includes all the men working on the sanctuary. +These were large, heavy sections of woven cloth that were used to form the covering and dividing walls of the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:01](../26/01.md). -## fifty gold clasps ## +# He made + +Here "he" refers to Bezalel, but it includes all the men working on the sanctuary. + +# fifty gold clasps "50 gold clasps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/14.md b/exo/36/14.md index c3cfc7ac2e..5c60e10b55 100644 --- a/exo/36/14.md +++ b/exo/36/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Bezalel made curtains...the second set ## +# Bezalel made curtains ... the second set -For 36:14-17 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:7](../26/07.md) and [Exodus 26:10](../26/10.md). +For 36:14-17 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:7-9](../26/07.md) and [Exodus 26:10](../26/10.md). -## made eleven ## +# made eleven "made 11" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## thirty cubits ## +# thirty cubits -"30 cubits" +"30 cubits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## fifty loops ## +# fifty loops -"50 loops" \ No newline at end of file +"50 loops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/18.md b/exo/36/18.md index 6ae0cac576..ee4be4930a 100644 --- a/exo/36/18.md +++ b/exo/36/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Bezalel made...to go above that ## +# Bezalel made ... to go above that -For 36:18-19 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:10](../26/10.md) and [Exodus 26:12](../26/12.md). +For 36:18-19 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:11](../26/10.md) and [Exodus 26:14](../26/12.md). -## fifty bronze clasps ## +# fifty bronze clasps "50 bronze clasps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/20.md b/exo/36/20.md index 7844e3c208..206e26dbfa 100644 --- a/exo/36/20.md +++ b/exo/36/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Bezalel made...south side ## +# Bezalel made ... for the south side -For 36:20-23 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:15](../26/15.md). +For 36:20-23 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:15-18](../26/15.md). -## two projections in each board ## +# ten cubits ... one and a half cubits -A projection is a small piece of wood sticking out beyond the end of the board so it can be secured. \ No newline at end of file +"10 cubits ... 1.5 cubits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# two wooden pegs for joining + +A wooden peg is a small piece of wood sticking out beyond the end of the board so it can be secured. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/24.md b/exo/36/24.md index cb5529360d..0193da2a3c 100644 --- a/exo/36/24.md +++ b/exo/36/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Bezalel made...and so on ## +# Bezalel made ... and so on -For 36:24-26 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md). +For 36:24-26 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:19-21](../26/19.md). -## forty silver bases ## +# forty silver bases "40 silver bases" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## twenty boards ## +# twenty frames -"20 boards" +"20 frames" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## and so on ## +# and so on -there will be two bases under each and every board. \ No newline at end of file +There will be two bases under each and every frame. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/27.md b/exo/36/27.md index 8fcc745101..8608569db5 100644 --- a/exo/36/27.md +++ b/exo/36/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## For the back...of the tabernacle ## +# For the back ... of the tabernacle -For 36:27-28 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:22](../26/22.md). \ No newline at end of file +For 36:27-28 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:22-23](../26/22.md). + +# on the west + +on the side that is on the west + +# for the back corners + +for the corners at the rear of the tabernacle \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/29.md b/exo/36/29.md index 20c1a0f47b..b68de6b05f 100644 --- a/exo/36/29.md +++ b/exo/36/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## These boards...and so on ## +# These frames ... and so on -For 36:29-30 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:22](../26/22.md). +For 36:29-30 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:24-25](../26/22.md). -## sixteen bases in all ## +# sixteen bases in all -"16 bases in all" \ No newline at end of file +"16 bases in all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# and so on + +There will be two bases under each and every frame. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/31.md b/exo/36/31.md index 7134686f3a..152706e09f 100644 --- a/exo/36/31.md +++ b/exo/36/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Bezalel made...with gold ## +# Bezalel made ... with gold -For 36:31-34 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:26](../26/26.md) and [Exodus 26:29](../26/29.md). \ No newline at end of file +For 36:31-34 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:26-28](../26/26.md) and [Exodus 26:29](../26/29.md). + +# to the west + +on the west side + +# from end to end + +from one side of the tabernacle to the other side \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/35.md b/exo/36/35.md index 3b3ea59a47..ee4f41d282 100644 --- a/exo/36/35.md +++ b/exo/36/35.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Bezalel made...silver bases ## +# Bezalel made ... silver bases -For 36:35-36 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:31](../26/31.md). \ No newline at end of file +For 36:35-36 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:31-32](../26/31.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/37.md b/exo/36/37.md index b39cb207ed..c59cc0cad5 100644 --- a/exo/36/37.md +++ b/exo/36/37.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## He made...made of bronze ## +# He made ... made of bronze -For 36:37-38 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). \ No newline at end of file +For 36:37-38 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:36-37](../26/36.md). + +# He made + +Here "he" refers to Bezalel and those working for him. "Bezalel and his men made" + +# a hanging + +a curtain \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/36/intro.md b/exo/36/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..736ef4cd40 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/36/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 36 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Tent of meeting ##### +The tent of meeting, or tabernacle, mentioned in previous chapters is constructed in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../35/intro.md) | [>>](../37/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/01.md b/exo/37/01.md index 233e0afe8b..491ebad96f 100644 --- a/exo/37/01.md +++ b/exo/37/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Bezalel made...on the other side ## +# Bezalel -For 37:1-3 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:10](../25/10.md) and [Exodus 25:12](../25/12.md). +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Bezalel ## +# two and a half cubits ... one cubit and a half -See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1](../31/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "2.5 cubits ... 1.5 cubits" or "115 centimeters ... 69 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# its four feet + +These four pieces of wood that supported the ark are spoken of as if they were human or animal feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/04.md b/exo/37/04.md index da653fae06..f9b518d562 100644 --- a/exo/37/04.md +++ b/exo/37/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture +# General Information: -## He made...and a half cubits ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -For 37:4-6 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:12](../25/12.md) and [Exodus 25:15](../25/15.md). +# He made ... and a half cubits -## He made ## +For 37:4-6 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:13-14](../25/12.md) and [Exodus 25:17](../25/15.md). -Though "he" refers to Bezalel, "he" may include all of the workers who assisted him. \ No newline at end of file +# He made + +Though "he" refers to Bezalel, "he" may include all of the workers who assisted him. + +# two and a half cubits ... one and a half cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "2.5 cubits ... 1.5 cubits" or "115 centimeters ... 69 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/07.md b/exo/37/07.md index 40cbcb79b8..79c18132eb 100644 --- a/exo/37/07.md +++ b/exo/37/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture +# General Information: -## Bezalel made...the center of the atonement lid ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -For 37:7-9 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:15](../25/15.md) and [Exodus 25:19](../25/19.md). +# Bezalel made ... the center of the atonement lid -## They were made as one piece ## +For 37:7-9 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:18](../25/15.md) and [Exodus 25:19-20](../25/19.md). -AT: "He made them as one piece" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# They were made as one piece + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He made them as one piece" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The cherubim spread out their wings upward and overshadowed + +Bezalel placed the statues of the cherubim as if they were real cherubim which were spreading their wings and overshadowing the atonement lid. AT: "They placed the winged creatures so that their wings touched each other and spread out over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The cherubim faced one another and looked toward + +"The faces of the cherubim were towards each other, and they looked toward" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/10.md b/exo/37/10.md index bd2d188c19..7fcb7e0336 100644 --- a/exo/37/10.md +++ b/exo/37/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture +# General Information: -## Bezalel made...four feet were ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -For 37:10-13 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:23](../25/23.md) and [Exodus 25:25](../25/25.md). +# Bezalel made ... four feet were -## handbreadth ## +For 37:10-13 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:23-24](../25/23.md) and [Exodus 25:25-26](../25/25.md). -This was the width of a man's hand with fingers spread out. \ No newline at end of file +# two cubits ... one cubit ... one and a half cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "2 cubits ... 1 cubit ... 1.5 cubits" or "92 centimeters ... 46 centimeters ... 69 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# handbreadth + +This was the width of a man's hand with fingers spread out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# the four feet + +These four pieces of wood that supported the ark are spoken of as if they were human or animal feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/14.md b/exo/37/14.md index 413d2e0c45..fcc06bd6d6 100644 --- a/exo/37/14.md +++ b/exo/37/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -## The rings...out of pure gold ## +# The rings ... out of pure gold -For 37:14-16 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:25](../25/25.md) and [Exodus 25:28](../25/28.md). +For 37:14-16 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:27](../25/25.md) and [Exodus 25:28-29](../25/28.md). -## The rings were attached ## +# The rings were attached -AT: "Bezalel attached the rings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Bezalel attached the rings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## dishes, spoons, the bowls, and pitchers to be used to pour out the offerings ## +# dishes, spoons, the bowls, and pitchers to be used to pour out the offerings -It is only the bowls and pitchers that are used to pour out the offerings. AT: "plates and cups, and also the jars and bowls which the priests will use for pouring out the offerings" \ No newline at end of file +It is only the bowls and pitchers that are used to pour out the offerings. AT: "plates and cups, and also the jars and bowls which the priests will use for pouring out the offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/17.md b/exo/37/17.md index cf607b8fc0..84630dee94 100644 --- a/exo/37/17.md +++ b/exo/37/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +# Connecting Statement: -## He made...from the lampstand ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -For 37:17-19 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:31](../25/31.md) and [Exodus 25:33](../25/33.md). +# General Information: -## Its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers were all made of one piece with it ## +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -AT: "He made the cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers as one piece with the lampstand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# He made ... from the lampstand -## and three cups made like almond blossoms ## +For 37:17-19 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:31-32](../25/31.md) and [Exodus 25:33](../25/33.md). -AT: "and he made the 3 cups look like almond blossoms" +# Its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers were all made of one piece with it -## almond blossom ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He made the cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers as one piece with the lampstand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This is a white or pink flower with five petals. \ No newline at end of file +# three cups made like almond blossoms + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he made the 3 cups look like almond blossoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# almond blossoms + +An almond blossom is a white or pink flower with five petals that grows on an almond tree. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/20.md b/exo/37/20.md index d07b69c966..ed5101b84c 100644 --- a/exo/37/20.md +++ b/exo/37/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## On the lampstand...of pure gold ## +# On the lampstand ... of pure gold -For 37:20-22 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:33](../25/33.md) and [Exodus 25:35](../25/35.md). +For 37:20-22 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:34](../25/33.md) and [Exodus 25:35-36](../25/35.md). -## there were four cups made like almond blossoms ## +# there were four cups made like almond blossoms -AT: "there were 4 cups which Bezalel made to look like almond blossoms" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "there were 4 cups which Bezalel made to look like almond blossoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## made as one piece with it ## +# made as one piece with it -AT: "which he made as one piece with the lampstand" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which he made as one piece with the lampstand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/23.md b/exo/37/23.md index 21057a70c2..c16ef44ccc 100644 --- a/exo/37/23.md +++ b/exo/37/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture +# General Information: -## Bezalel made...talent of pure gold ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -In 37:23-24 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:37](../25/37.md). +# Bezalel made ... talent of pure gold -## tongs ## +For 37:23-24 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:37-39](../25/37.md). -This is a tool made from two sticks of wood or metal connected at one end and used for picking up objects. \ No newline at end of file +# tongs + +This is a tool made from two sticks of wood or metal connected at one end and used for picking up objects. + +# one talent + +"33 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/25.md b/exo/37/25.md index e333f1c301..dc9ef4e2f4 100644 --- a/exo/37/25.md +++ b/exo/37/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture +# General Information: -## Bezalel made...gold for it ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -For 37:25-26 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:1](../30/01.md) and [Exodus 30:3](../30/03.md). +# Bezalel made ... gold for it -## Its horns were made as one piece with it ## +For 37:25-26 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:1-2](../30/01.md) and [Exodus 30:3](../30/03.md). -AT: "He made the horns as one piece with the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# cubit + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# Its horns were made as one piece with it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He made the horns as one piece with the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/27.md b/exo/37/27.md index 27f57e7939..cd3c37c000 100644 --- a/exo/37/27.md +++ b/exo/37/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture +# General Information: -## He made two golden rings...with gold ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -For 37:27-28 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:3](../30/03.md) and [Exodus 30:5](../30/05.md) +# He made two golden rings ... with gold -## to be attached to it ## +For 37:27-28 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:4](../30/03.md) and [Exodus 30:5](../30/05.md) -AT: "which they attached to the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# to be attached to it -## the work of a perfumer ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which they attached to the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:22](../30/22.md). \ No newline at end of file +# the work of a perfumer + +A perfumer is skilled in mixing spices and oils. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:25](../30/22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/37/intro.md b/exo/37/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..290ad668be --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/37/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 37 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The ark of the covenant ##### +The ark, mentioned in previous chapters, is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 37:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../36/intro.md) | [>>](../38/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/01.md b/exo/38/01.md index ffad037df4..477e078737 100644 --- a/exo/38/01.md +++ b/exo/38/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture +# General Information: -## Bezalel made...equipment with bronze ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -For 38:1-3 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:1](../27/01.md) and [Exodus 27:3](../27/03.md). +# Bezalel made ... equipment with bronze -## The horns were made of one piece ## +For 38:1-3 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:1-2](../27/01.md) and [Exodus 27:3](../27/03.md). -AT: "He made the horns as one piece"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# cubits + +One cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# The horns were made of one piece + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He made the horns as one piece" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/04.md b/exo/38/04.md index 34f79ec40c..d72dda4ba8 100644 --- a/exo/38/04.md +++ b/exo/38/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture +# General Information: -## He made...for the poles ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -For 38:4-5 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:3](../27/03.md) and [Exodus 27:5](../27/05.md) +# He made ... for the poles -## to be placed under the ledge ## +For 38:4-5 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:4](../27/03.md) and [Exodus 27:5](../27/05.md). -AT: "which they placed under the ledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# to be placed under the ledge + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which they placed under the ledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/06.md b/exo/38/06.md index 427f8b3d50..6ed4cd73aa 100644 --- a/exo/38/06.md +++ b/exo/38/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture +# General Information: -## Bezalel made...out of planks ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -For 38:6-7 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:7](../27/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +# Bezalel made ... out of planks + +A plank is a long, flat piece of wood that is thicker than a board. See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:7-8](../27/07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/08.md b/exo/38/08.md index 5bf0ade5a0..9e3ba6111a 100644 --- a/exo/38/08.md +++ b/exo/38/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture +# General Information: -## large bronze basin with a bronze stand ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:17](../30/17.md). +# large bronze basin with a bronze stand -## mirror ## +The stand supported the bronze basin. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:18](../30/17.md). -a piece of glass that reflects an image \ No newline at end of file +# He made the basin out of mirrors + +The bronze came from the mirrors. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "The bronze for the basin came from the mirrors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# mirrors + +A mirror is a piece of polished metal or glass that reflects an image. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/09.md b/exo/38/09.md index 69caacd6e3..861b6f359c 100644 --- a/exo/38/09.md +++ b/exo/38/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture +# General Information: -## He also made...as well as silver rods ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -For 38:9-10 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:9](../27/09.md). +# He also made ... as well as silver rods -## one hundred...twenty ## +For 38:9-10 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:9-10](../27/09.md). -"100...20" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# one hundred ... twenty + +"100 ... 20" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/11.md b/exo/38/11.md index 3c022528a1..52a8d15986 100644 --- a/exo/38/11.md +++ b/exo/38/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Likewise along the north side...posts were silver ## +# Likewise along the north side ... posts were silver -For 38:11-12 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:11](../27/11.md). +For 38:11-12 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:11-12](../27/11.md). -## one hundred...twenty...fifty...ten ## +# one hundred ... twenty ... fifty ... ten -"100...20...50...10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"100 ... 20 ... 50 ... 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# cubits + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/13.md b/exo/38/13.md index 06c352b40c..db177f10f9 100644 --- a/exo/38/13.md +++ b/exo/38/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## The courtyard...make of fine linen ## +# The courtyard -For 38:13-16 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:11](../27/11.md) and [Exodus 27:14](../27/14.md). +For 38:13-16 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:13](../27/11.md) and [Exodus 27:14-16](../27/14.md). -## fifty...fifteen...three ## +# fifty ... fifteen ... three -"50...15...3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"50 ... 15 ... 3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## All the hangings around the courtyard were made of fine linen ## +# cubits -AT: "Bezalel and the workers made all the hangings around the courtyard with fine linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# All the hangings around the courtyard were made of fine linen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Bezalel and the workers made all the hangings around the courtyard with fine linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/17.md b/exo/38/17.md index 0e65361118..fa26b8ecc9 100644 --- a/exo/38/17.md +++ b/exo/38/17.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## The bases...courtyard were made of bronze ## +# The bases ... courtyard were made of bronze -For 38:17-20 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:14](../27/14.md) and [Exodus 27:17](../27/17.md). +For 38:17-20, see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:16](../27/14.md) and [Exodus 27:17-19](../27/17.md). -## The bases for the posts were made of bronze ## +# The bases for the posts were made of bronze -AT: "Bezalel and the workers made the bases for the posts out of bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Bezalel and the workers made the bases for the posts out of bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The hooks and rods for the posts were made of silver, and the covering for the tops of the posts was also made of silver ## +# The hooks and rods for the posts were made of silver, and the covering for the tops of the posts was also made of silver -AT: "They made the hooks, the rods for the posts, and the covering for the tops of the posts out of silver" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They made the hooks, the rods for the posts, and the covering for the tops of the posts out of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## All the courtyard posts were covered with silver ## +# All the courtyard posts were covered with silver -AT: "They covered the courtyard posts with silver" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They covered the courtyard posts with silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## twenty...five...four ## +# twenty ... five ... four -"20...5...4" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"20 ... 5 ... 4" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## The curtain was made of ## +# cubits -AT: "They made the curtain of out" +A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## The covering for their tops and its rods were made of silver ## +# The curtain was made of -AT: "They made the covering for the tops of the posts and their rods out of silver." +This can be stated in active form. "They made the curtain out of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## All the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard were made of bronze ## +# The covering for their tops and its rods were made of silver -AT: "They made all of the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard out of bronze" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They made the covering for the tops of the posts and their rods out of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard were made of bronze + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They made all of the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard out of bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/21.md b/exo/38/21.md index cafb7e05c5..a1aa22567b 100644 --- a/exo/38/21.md +++ b/exo/38/21.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# Connecting Statement: -## as it was taken ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -AT: "which Moses instructed the Levites to write down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# General Information: -## Ithamar ## +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this name in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). +# as it was taken -## Bezalel son of Uri, son of Hur ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which Moses instructed the Levites to write down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1](../31/01.md). +# Ithamar -## Oholiab, son of Ahisamach ## +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). +# Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur -## engraver, as a skillful workman, and as an embroiderer in blue, purple, and scarlet wool, and in fine linen ## +"Bezalel" and "uri" are the name of men. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 35:34](../35/34.md). \ No newline at end of file +# Yahweh had commanded Moses + +"everything that Yahweh told Moses to do" + +# Oholiab son of Ahisamak + +"Oholiab" and "Ahisamak" are names of men. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# an engraver, as a skillful workman, and as an embroiderer + +"as a skilled engraver and embroiderer" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/24.md b/exo/38/24.md index 0b9d4ca874..f360a54300 100644 --- a/exo/38/24.md +++ b/exo/38/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## All the gold that was used for the project ## +# All the gold that was used for the project -AT: "All the gold that the people used for the project" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "All the gold that the people used for the project" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## twenty-nine...one hundred...twenty ## +# twenty-nine talents ... one hundred talents -nine...one hundred...twenty** - "29...100...20" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"29 talents ... 100 talents." A talent is about 33 kilograms. AT: "29 talents ... 100 talents" or "about 960 kilograms ... about 330 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## measured by the standard of the sanctuary shekel ## +# 730 shekels ... 1,775 shekels -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 30:11](../30/11.md). +"Seven hundred and thirty shekels ... one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels." A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## The silver given by the community ## +# measured by the standard of the sanctuary shekel -AT: "The silver which the community gave" +There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:13](../30/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## This figure was reached on the basis of every person who was counted in the census ## +# The silver given by the community -Every man that was 20 years old or older were included in the census and where required to give half a shekel. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The silver which the community gave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one beka + +A beka is 1/2 a shekel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# half a shekel + +A shekel is 11 grams. AT: "1/2 a shekel" or "five and a half grams" or "5 1/2 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# This figure was reached on the basis of every person who was counted in the census + +Every man who was 20 years old or older was included in the census and was required to give half a shekel. + +# twenty years old + +"20 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/27.md b/exo/38/27.md index c114e0fec0..a15541d365 100644 --- a/exo/38/27.md +++ b/exo/38/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## One hundred talents of silver were cast ## +# One hundred talents of silver were cast -AT: "The workers cast 100 talents of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +A talent is about 33 kilograms. AT: "The workers cast 100 talents of silver" or "The workers cast 3,300 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## One hundred...seventy ## +# One hundred talents -"100...70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"100 talents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Bezalel ## +# 1,775 shekels -See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1](../31/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +"one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# shekels + +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# Bezalel + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# seventy talents and 2,400 shekels + +"70 talents and two thousand four hundred shekels." This would be about 2,300 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/30.md b/exo/38/30.md index 6595281be1..073913c0cf 100644 --- a/exo/38/30.md +++ b/exo/38/30.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture +# General Information: -## grate ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. -See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:3](../27/03.md). +# grate -## tent pegs ## +This is a frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:04](../27/03.md). -See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:17](../27/17.md). \ No newline at end of file +# tent pegs + +These are sharp bronze stakes that were used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:19](../27/17.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/38/intro.md b/exo/38/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4475da78a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/38/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Exodus 38 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The altar ##### +The altar is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) + +##### Materials ##### +The list of materials being used is intended to give the reader an understanding of the scale of the tabernacle. It should fill the reader with awe concerning the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 38:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../37/intro.md) | [>>](../39/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/01.md b/exo/39/01.md index 23f0736ad9..ee698ccf26 100644 --- a/exo/39/01.md +++ b/exo/39/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Bezalel's work crew shifts to making the priestly garments. -## they made ## +# they made -'they' refers to Bezalel, Oholiab, and the other workmen. \ No newline at end of file +The word "they" refers to Bezalel, Oholiab, and the other workmen. + +# as Yahweh had commanded Moses + +"just as Yahweh told Moses to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/02.md b/exo/39/02.md index a2ae6a7491..275d205614 100644 --- a/exo/39/02.md +++ b/exo/39/02.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -## Bezalel made the ephod of gold, of blue, purple, and scarlet wool, and of fine twined linen...the work of a skillful workman ## +# Bezalel -See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:6](../28/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/04.md b/exo/39/04.md index 51b018eba1..3acc6c218a 100644 --- a/exo/39/04.md +++ b/exo/39/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -## They made...had commanded Moses ## +# it was made of one piece with the ephod, made of fine twined linen -For 39:4-5 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:6](../28/06.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they made it as one piece with the ephod with fine twisted linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## it was made of one piece with the ephod, made of fine twined linen ## +# as Yahweh had commanded Moses -AT: "they made it as one piece with the ephod with fine twisted linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"just as Yahweh told Moses to do." See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 39:01](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/06.md b/exo/39/06.md index 984ae31772..9fb422991b 100644 --- a/exo/39/06.md +++ b/exo/39/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -## They crafted...had commanded Moses ## +# signet -For Exodus 39:6-7 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:6](../28/06.md) and [Exodus 28:10](../28/10.md) +This was an engraved stone that was used to stamp a design in a wax seal. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:11](../28/10.md). -## a signet ## +# twelve sons -a small seal used to leave an impression in wax or clay that represents the authority of the owner. This is similar to someone's signature in modern times. +"12 sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## twelve sons ## +# as Yahweh had commanded Moses -"12 sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"just as Yahweh told Moses to do." See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 39:01](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/08.md b/exo/39/08.md index 612a7a0163..97fa4e9d12 100644 --- a/exo/39/08.md +++ b/exo/39/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -## He made...one span wide ## +# He made -For 39:8-9 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:15](../28/15.md). +"Bezalel made" or "Bezalel and the workers made" -## He made ## +# span -"Bezalel made" or "Bezalel and the workers made" \ No newline at end of file +A span is 23 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/10.md b/exo/39/10.md index 700a829600..ab0bc80a5c 100644 --- a/exo/39/10.md +++ b/exo/39/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -## They set in it ## +# They set in it "The workers set in the breastpiece" -## precious stones ## +# ruby ... jasper -Twelve very rare and expensive stones are listed. The are almost the same stone that are listed in [Exodus 28:17](../28/17.md). Some languages may not have words of each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable, and different from one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:17-20](../28/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## The stones were mounted in gold settings ## +# The stones were mounted in gold settings -"They mounted the stones in gold settings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They mounted the stones in gold settings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/14.md b/exo/39/14.md index 7f0b394505..38d4d5404e 100644 --- a/exo/39/14.md +++ b/exo/39/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -## The stones...of the breastpiece ## +# The stones were arranged -For 39:14-16 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:21](../28/21.md). - -## The stones were arranged ## - -AT: "The workers arranged the stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The workers arranged the stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/17.md b/exo/39/17.md index a6d2f0499b..a7ea0a03ec 100644 --- a/exo/39/17.md +++ b/exo/39/17.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -## They put the two braided chains...at its front ## +# two braided chains -For 39:17-18 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:21](../28/21.md) and [Exodus 28:25](../28/25.md). \ No newline at end of file +"chains that are made of pure gold and are braided like cords." See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:14](../28/13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/19.md b/exo/39/19.md index 71caecbbc4..9100e103bd 100644 --- a/exo/39/19.md +++ b/exo/39/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. +# General Information: -## They made...waistband of the ephod ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments that were commanded in [Exodus 28:26](../28/25.md) and [Exodus 28:27](../28/27.md). -For 39:19-20 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:25](../28/25.md) and [Exodus 28:27](../28/27.md). \ No newline at end of file +# finely-woven waistband + +This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/21.md b/exo/39/21.md index 2c7bcab478..642d26cc70 100644 --- a/exo/39/21.md +++ b/exo/39/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. +# General Information: -## They tied...had commanded Moses ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments as commanded in [Exodus 28:28](../28/27.md). -For 39:21 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:27](../28/27.md). +# so that it might be attached -## so that it might be attached ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so they could attach it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "so they could attach it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# the breastpiece might not become unattached from the ephod -## the breastpiece might not become unattached from the ephod- ## - -** AT: "the breastpiece would stay attached to the ephod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +The double negative can be translated as a positive. AT: "the breastpiece would stay attached to the ephod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/22.md b/exo/39/22.md index d8b8107b20..bbb132216c 100644 --- a/exo/39/22.md +++ b/exo/39/22.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. +# General Information: -## Bezalel made...of fine linen ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments as commanded in [Exodus 28:31-32](../28/31.md) and [Exodus 28:33](../28/33.md). -For 39:22-24 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:31](../28/31.md) and [Exodus 28:33](../28/33.md). \ No newline at end of file +# Bezalel + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:1-2](../31/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/25.md b/exo/39/25.md index 30afad74d0..9544d7cb40 100644 --- a/exo/39/25.md +++ b/exo/39/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. +# General Information: -## They made...commanded Moses ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments as commanded in [Exodus 28:34-35](../28/33.md). -For 39:25-26 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:33](../28/33.md) +# bells of pure gold -## a bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate ## +These were tiny bells. + +# a bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate This is how the pattern is supposed to repeat all along the bottom edge of the robe. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/27.md b/exo/39/27.md index 23dc9ebcb1..ff81eeaac5 100644 --- a/exo/39/27.md +++ b/exo/39/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. -## They made...commanded Moses ## +# They made ... commanded Moses For 39:27-29 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:39](../28/39.md) and [Exodus 28:40](../28/40.md) and [Exodus 28:42](../28/42.md). -## turban ## +# turban This is a head covering worn by men made of a long strip of cloth wound around the head. -## undergarments ## +# undergarments -These are clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. AT: “underwear”. +This is clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. AT: "underwear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## sash ## +# sash This is a long piece of cloth worn over the shoulder or around the waist. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/30.md b/exo/39/30.md index 5fb1ed66a8..7b7e4f2179 100644 --- a/exo/39/30.md +++ b/exo/39/30.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments. +# General Information: -## They made...commanded Moses ## +Bezalel's work crew continues to make the priestly garments as commanded in [Exodus 28:36-37](../28/36.md). -For 39:30-31 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:36](../28/36.md). +# holy crown -## holy crown ## - -See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:5](../29/05.md). \ No newline at end of file +This was an engraved crown made of pure gold. See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:6](../29/05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/32.md b/exo/39/32.md index 6840c34b30..03f741d31f 100644 --- a/exo/39/32.md +++ b/exo/39/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## So the work on the tabernacle, the tent of meeting, was finished. The people of Israel did everything. ## +# General Information: -The "tabernacle" and "tent of meeting" are the same thing. AT: "So the people of Israel finished all of the work on the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The Israelites finish making the things Yahweh commanded in [Exodus 35:4-9](../35/04.md) and [Exodus 35:10-12](../35/10.md). -## clasps, boards, bars, posts, and bases ## +# So the work on the tabernacle, the tent of meeting, was finished. The people of Israel did everything -See how you translated these in [Exodus 35:10](../35/10.md). +The "tabernacle" and "tent of meeting" are the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "So the people of Israel finished all of the work on the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## ram skins dyed red, the covering of sea cow leather ## +# clasps -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 25:3](../25/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:4-6](../26/04.md). + +# bases + +These are heavy objects that rest on the ground and keep the object attached to them from moving. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:31](../25/31.md). + +# atonement lid + +This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/36.md b/exo/39/36.md index d58cef96d9..62beb9edb0 100644 --- a/exo/39/36.md +++ b/exo/39/36.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Bezalel's work crew continues to present all that they made to Moses. -## bread of the presence ## +# bread of the presence -See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:28](../25/28.md). +This bread represented the presence of God. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:30](../25/28.md). -## grate ## +# grate -See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:3](../27/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is a frame of crossed bars that held wood while burning. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:4](../27/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/40.md b/exo/39/40.md index 229e4587c0..7d38c665d2 100644 --- a/exo/39/40.md +++ b/exo/39/40.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Bezalel's work crew continues to present all that they made to Moses. -## They brought ## +# They brought "The people of Israel brought" -## the tabernacle, the tent of meeting ## +# the tabernacle, the tent of meeting These refer to the same place. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/42.md b/exo/39/42.md index 49f3240343..eb0207e600 100644 --- a/exo/39/42.md +++ b/exo/39/42.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Thus the people ## +# Thus the people "And so the people" -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +The word "behold" here draws attention to the information that follows. -## As Yahweh had commanded, in that way they did it. ## +# As Yahweh had commanded, in that way they did it -AT: "They did it in the way that Yahweh had commanded them to to it." \ No newline at end of file +"They did it in the way that Yahweh had commanded them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/39/intro.md b/exo/39/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7c33beabde --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/39/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Exodus 39 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The holy clothing ##### +The special, holy clothing mentioned in previous chapters is produced in this chapter to the correct specifications. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 39:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../38/intro.md) | [>>](../40/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/01.md b/exo/40/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..df42cfe4eb --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/40/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# the first day of the first month of the new year + +The new year marks the time when God rescued his people from Egypt. This happens around the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/03.md b/exo/40/03.md index 46b13a469b..aa0e2e89a6 100644 --- a/exo/40/03.md +++ b/exo/40/03.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## shield the ark with the curtain ## +# place the ark of the testimony in it + +"place the ark of the covenant decrees in the sacred chest" + +# shield the ark with the curtain "put the ark behind the curtain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/05.md b/exo/40/05.md index d41d4f5a32..6f50c684b6 100644 --- a/exo/40/05.md +++ b/exo/40/05.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. + +# ark of the testimony + +This refers to the "sacred chest." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/08.md b/exo/40/08.md index d70137cd48..5aea833501 100644 --- a/exo/40/08.md +++ b/exo/40/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## all its furnishings ## +# all its furnishings -all the things that are used to decorate. \ No newline at end of file +"all the things that are a part of it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/12.md b/exo/40/12.md index c40682e6bf..a1eab4066c 100644 --- a/exo/40/12.md +++ b/exo/40/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## You are to bring ## +# You are to bring -Moses will do these things himself. \ No newline at end of file +Moses will do these things himself. + +# that are set apart to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you have set apart to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/14.md b/exo/40/14.md index 053e82b2a3..9b2ffc3d58 100644 --- a/exo/40/14.md +++ b/exo/40/14.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## throughout their people's generations ## +# throughout their people's generations -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:12](../12/12.md). \ No newline at end of file +"through all the generations of their descendants." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:14](../12/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/17.md b/exo/40/17.md index ab215969a6..5e20ed6b19 100644 --- a/exo/40/17.md +++ b/exo/40/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Moses set up ## +# So the tabernacle was set up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So the people set up the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the first day of the first month + +This refers to exactly one year after God rescued his people from Egypt. This happens around the middle of March on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Exodus 40:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# in the second year + +This is the second year after Yahweh brought his people out of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Moses set up Moses was the leader. The people helped him set up the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## posts ## +# posts a strong piece of wood set upright and used as a support \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/21.md b/exo/40/21.md index ec962d5f27..a1ace87971 100644 --- a/exo/40/21.md +++ b/exo/40/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## He brought ## +# He brought Moses was the leader. He had workers helping him. -## for it to shield ## +# for it to shield "in front of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/24.md b/exo/40/24.md index 69fe983486..3a0f66a5c6 100644 --- a/exo/40/24.md +++ b/exo/40/24.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# He put the lampstand into the tent of meeting + +Moses instructed his workers to move the lampstand. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "Moses' workmen set the lampstand inside the sacred tent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/26.md b/exo/40/26.md index 69fe983486..02496bd82a 100644 --- a/exo/40/26.md +++ b/exo/40/26.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# in front of the curtain + +This curtain separated the holy place from the very holy place. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "in front of the curtain that separated the holy place from the very holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/28.md b/exo/40/28.md deleted file mode 100644 index 69fe983486..0000000000 --- a/exo/40/28.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/31.md b/exo/40/31.md index e83c176920..62b21c6e02 100644 --- a/exo/40/31.md +++ b/exo/40/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## In this way ## +# washed their hands and their feet from the basin + +They washed with water from the basin. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "washed their hands and their feet with water from the basin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# In this way "And so" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/34.md b/exo/40/34.md index 3e94e11e90..65b007dc56 100644 --- a/exo/40/34.md +++ b/exo/40/34.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Yahweh's glory filled ## +# Yahweh's glory filled -AT: "Yahweh's awesome presence filled" \ No newline at end of file +"Yahweh's awesome presence filled" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/36.md b/exo/40/36.md index 9db889ca8f..2c498d86e6 100644 --- a/exo/40/36.md +++ b/exo/40/36.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## was taken up ## +# was taken up from over -AT: "would rise up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "rose up from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that it was lifted up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when it rose up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/40/intro.md b/exo/40/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b6b61d822a --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/40/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Exodus 40 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is repetitive and should read as a series of instructions. It is repeated as well to show that Moses was obedient to every detail of Yahweh's command. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Yahweh's glory filled the tabernacle" ##### +This phrase indicates that Yahweh began to dwell within the tabernacle, among Israel, in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Exodus 40:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../39/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/front/intro.md b/exo/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1b58087265 --- /dev/null +++ b/exo/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +# Introduction to Exodus # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Exodus #### + + - The Children of Israel (the Hebrews) in Egypt and their preparation for departure ("exodus") from their slavery (1–12) + - First genealogy (1:1–6) + - The account of their bondage in Egypt (1:7–22) + - Moses' history to the time of the Exodus (2:1–4:26) + - The suffering of Israel in Egypt (4:27–6:13) + - Another genealogy (6:14–27) + - Moses and Aaron going to Pharaoh (6:28–7:25) + - The plagues (8:1–11:10) +1. Instructions for celebrating the Passover (12:1–30) +1. Departing from Egypt and going to Mount Sinai (12:31–18:27) + - The Passover, preparing to leave Egypt and leaving Egypt (12:31–50 and 13:1–22) + - Journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai (14:1–18:27) +1. Mount Sinai and the Law (19-40) + - Preparation for the covenant (19:1–25) + - The Ten Commandments (20:1–17) + - Description of the covenant (20:18–23:33) + - The agreement to the covenant by the people and Moses' return to Mount Sinai (24:1–18) + - Design of the tabernacle and its equipment, requirements of those who serve in it, and the functions of the Tabernacle (25:1–31:18) + - The people's idolatry and Moses' intercession (32:1–33:22) + - Second description of the covenant (34:1–35) + - Construction of the Ark and its furnishings (35:1–38:31), and priestly garments (39:1–43 and 40:1–33) + - The cloud (40:34–38) + +#### What is the Book of Exodus about? #### + +Exodus appears to be a continuation of the previous book, Genesis. The first half of Exodus is about how Yahweh created a nation out of Abraham's descendants. This nation, which would be called "Israel," was meant to live in close relationship to Yahweh. The second half of Exodus describes how the Israelites received the Law of God to guide them in how to live in this way. + +The Book of Exodus also includes instructions about how the Israelites were to build the Tabernacle, the tent of worship that they would carry with them through the wilderness. The book also gives instructions as to how the Israelites were to worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"Exodus" means "exit" or "departure." Translators may translate this title in a way that can communicate its subject clearly, for example, "About the Israelites Leaving Egypt" or "How the Israelites Left the Land of Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Exodus? #### + +The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Exodus. + +#### Why is deliverance or rescue a very important theme in the Book of Exodus? #### + +Deliverance is a very important theme in the Book of Exodus because it shows God as forming the nation of Israel and then as rescuing them from being slaves in Egypt. God then rescues them from the Egyptian army that pursues them, and he leads them to Mount Sinai, where he officially marks them as the one nation on earth that will worship him. + +#### How does the Book of Exodus relate to the fulfillment of the promises given to Abraham? #### + +The Book of Exodus shows God beginning to fulfill his promise that Abraham would have many descendants, and that they would form a large nation. At Mount Sinai, God makes an official covenant with the nation of Israel. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was the Jewish Passover? #### + +The Jewish Passover was a festival that the Israelites were commanded to celebrate every year in order to remember their people's departure from Egypt. The first Passover meal was eaten in the evening just before they left, and it became part of the covenant requirements that Yahweh gave them at Mount Sinai. + +#### What was the law of Moses to the people of Israel? #### + +The law of Moses was a set of instructions for the people of Israel which told them what Yahweh required them to do in order to participate in his covenant with them. The Law gave instructions for how the people should live in a way that would honor him. It also instructed them about their need to offer animal sacrifices for their sins, and for their need to maintain a right relationship with Yahweh. The Law gave instructions for how the priests should present the people's worship to Yahweh, and for how they should build the tabernacle, the place of worship that would be the center of Yahweh's presence among them. + +#### What did it mean that Israel was to be a "kingdom of priests and a holy nation?" #### + +Even though most nations in the time of Israel honored many gods, Israel was to worship only Yahweh. This fact was meant to make them very different from the other nations in the world. The entire nation was to honor Yahweh by living according to his standards. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why are the details of the construction of the tabernacle in Exodus 25–32 repeated in Exodus 35–40? #### + +The first description of the construction of the tabernacle was God's specific instructions to Israel. The details were repeated exactly to show that the people carefully followed God's plan. + +#### Are the events in chronological order? #### + +While most of the events follow a chronological order, not all of the events are in a strict chronological sequence. Translators may have to be careful that they present in translation the unusual time relationships among various parts. + +#### What does it mean that God "lived" among his people? #### + +God is present everywhere in the world, but the Book of Exodus presents him as creating a special relationship with the people of Israel. In this relationship, he promised to lead them and bless them. In return, the people should worship him and honor him sincerely in how they lived. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/01.md b/ezk/01/01.md index e05b8a2079..c94aff5c96 100644 --- a/ezk/01/01.md +++ b/ezk/01/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,47 @@ -## the fourth month, and the fifth day of the month ## +# In the thirtieth year -"the fifth day of the fourth month." This was probably the fourth month of a calendar that people used then. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]]) +This is the thirtieth year of Ezekiel's life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## it came about that ## +# the fourth month, and the fifth day of the month + +"the fifth day of the fourth month." This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is around the end of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# it came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## I was living among the captives ## +# I was living among the captives -The word "I" refers to Ezekiel. This can be translated as "I was one of the captives." +The word "I" refers to Ezekiel. "I was one of the captives" -## I saw visions of God ## +# I saw visions of God -Alternate translations: "I saw visions from God" or "God showed me visions." +"God showed me unusual things" -## The word of Yahweh came with power to Ezekiel the priest ## +# it was the fifth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin -Alternate translations: "Yahweh's message came powerfully to Ezekiel the priest" or "Yahweh spoke this message powerfully to Ezekiel the priest" +Throughout the book, Ezekiel will date his prophecies based on when the Babylonians forced Jehoiachin to leave Jerusalem. -## the son of Buzi ## +# to Ezekiel ... upon him there -The word "Buzi" is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Ezekiel speaks of himself as if he were another person. AT: "to me, Ezekiel ... upon me there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## the Chebar canal ## +# the word of Yahweh came to Ezekiel -This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. Alternate translation: "the Chebar River." +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Ezekiel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the hand of Yahweh ## +# Buzi -The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. Alternate translation: "the power of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +the name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Yahweh ## +# the Kebar Canal -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the note on the Important Term page concerning how to translate this. \ No newline at end of file +This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. "the Kebar River" + +# the hand of Yahweh was upon him + +The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that other person. AT: "Yahweh was controlling him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/04.md b/ezk/01/04.md index 7b63367481..f76562af2f 100644 --- a/ezk/01/04.md +++ b/ezk/01/04.md @@ -1,49 +1,51 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Ezekiel continues to describe his vision. -## a windstorm ## +# a windstorm This is a storm that has a lot of wind. -## coming from the north ## +# coming from the north North is the direction to your left when you look toward the sun while it is rising. -## a great cloud with fire flashing within it ## +# a great cloud with fire flashing within it -This could be translated as a new sentence: "The storm had a very large cloud with fire flashing in it." +This can be translated as a new sentence: "The storm had a very large cloud with fire flashing in it" -## fire flashing ## +# fire flashing Possible meanings are 1) "flashing lightning" or 2) "constant lightning." -## and brightness surrounding it and inside of it ## +# brightness surrounding it and inside of it -"and a very bright light was around the cloud and inside of it" +"a very bright light was around the cloud and inside of it" -## the color of amber ## +# the color of amber -Alternate translations: "bright yellow like amber" or "bright yellow" or "glowing yellow" +"bright yellow like amber" or "bright yellow" or "glowing yellow" -## amber ## +# amber a hard yellow resin that is used as a beautiful decoration on jewelry -## In the middle ## +# In the middle "Inside the storm" -## was the likeness of four living creatures ## +# the likeness of four living creatures -"there were things that looked like four creatures" or "there was what looked like four creatures" +Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "what looked like four living creatures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## This was their appearance ## +# This was their appearance -"This is what the four creatures looked like" +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verbal phrase. AT: "This is what they looked like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## they had the likeness of a man ## +# They had the likeness of a man -"the four creatures looked like people" +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verbal phrase. AT: "The four creatures looked like people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## but they had four faces each, and each of the creatures had four wings ## +# but they had four faces each, and each of the creatures had four wings -"but each of them had four different faces and four wings" \ No newline at end of file +"but each of them had four different faces and four wings." Each creature had a face on the front, a face on the back, and a face on each side of its head. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/07.md b/ezk/01/07.md index 50adb08177..e5bff17e23 100644 --- a/ezk/01/07.md +++ b/ezk/01/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## but the soles of their feet were like the hooves of a calf ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Ezekiel continues to describe his vision. + +# but the soles of their feet were like the hooves of a calf "but their feet looked like calf hooves" or "but their feet looked like the feet of calves" -## hooves of a calf ## +# hooves of a calf the hard part of a calf's foot -## that shone like polished bronze ## +# that shone like polished bronze -"that were shiny like bronze that has been polished." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) This describes the feet of the creatures. Alternate translation: "and they shined like polished bronze." +"that were shiny like bronze that has been polished." This describes the feet of the creatures. AT: "and they shone like polished bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## on all four sides ## +# on all four sides -Alternate translation: "on all four sides of their bodies." +"on all four sides of their bodies" -## For all four, their faces and wings were like this ## +# For all four, their faces and wings were like this -The wings are described in 1:9 and the faces are described in [Ezekiel 1:10](./10.md). Alternate translation: "For all four of the creatures, their wings and their faces were like this." +"For all four of the creatures, their wings and their faces were like this" -## and they did not turn as they went ## +# they did not turn as they went -"and the creatures did not turn as they moved" \ No newline at end of file +"the creatures did not turn as they moved" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/10.md b/ezk/01/10.md index 379636f705..1fd213cbd7 100644 --- a/ezk/01/10.md +++ b/ezk/01/10.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## The appearance of their faces was like the face of a man ## +# Connecting Statement: -It was implied that Ezekiel was describing the faces of the creatures on their front side. Alternate translation: "The faces of each creature looked like this: The face in front looked like the face of a man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Ezekiel continues to describe his vision. -## next, the face of a lion to the right ## +# The likeness of their faces was like the face of a man -"the face on the right side of its head looked like the face of a lion." +Ezekiel is describing the faces of the creatures on their front side. The abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man's face. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "The face of each creature looked like the face of a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## next, the face of a ox to the left ## +# The four of them had the face of a lion to the right side -"the face on the left side of its head looked like the face of an ox." +"The face on the right side of each one's head looked like the face of a lion" -## and, finally, the face of an eagle ## +# the four of them had the face of an ox on the left side -"and finally, the face on the back of its head looked like the face of an eagle." +"the face on the left side of the head of each one looked like the face of an ox" -## their wings were spread out above so that each creature had a pair of wings that touched another creature's wing ## +# They four had also the face of an eagle -Alternate translation: "each creature held up two of his wings so that one wing touched the wing of the creature on one side of him, and the other wing touched the wing of the creature on the other side of him." +"The face on the back of the head of each one looked like the face of an eagle" -## and also a pair of wings that covered their bodies ## +# their wings were spread out above, so that each creature had a pair of wings that touched another creature's wing -This could be translated as a new sentence: "The other two wings of each creature covered its body." +"each creature held up two of his wings so that one wing touched the wing of the creature on one side of him, and the other wing touched the wing of the creature on the other side of him" -## Each went straight forward ## +# and also a pair of wings that covered their bodies -"Each creature went with a face looking forward" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated as a new sentence: "The other two wings of each creature covered its body" + +# Each went straight forward + +"Each creature moved with a face looking forward" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/13.md b/ezk/01/13.md index e63da25abf..42721de26e 100644 --- a/ezk/01/13.md +++ b/ezk/01/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## looked like burning coals of fire, or like torches ## +# Connecting Statement: -Alternate translation: "were bright like coals in a hot fire, or like torches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Ezekiel continues to describe his vision. -## and there were flashes of lightning ## +# As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals -Alternate translation: "and lightning came out from the fire." +Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. Both "likeness" and "appearance" are abstract nouns that can be translated as verbs. AT: "As for what the living creatures looked like, they were similar to burning coals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they looked like lightning! ## +# there were flashes of lightning -Ezekiel compares the creatures with lightning because they move very fast like lightning. Alternate translation: "The living creatures were going forward and coming back so quickly that they looked like lightning!" \ No newline at end of file +"lightning came out from the fire." + +# The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they had the appearance of lightning + +Lightning flashes and then disappears quickly, and the creatures moved from one place to another quickly. The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they looked like lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/15.md b/ezk/01/15.md index be294b36ea..6d631d52a0 100644 --- a/ezk/01/15.md +++ b/ezk/01/15.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -Ezekiel continues to tell about his vision +# Connecting Statement: -## there was one wheel on the ground beside the living creatures ## +Ezekiel continues to tell about his vision. -"there was one wheel on the ground by each one of the living creatures, one wheel for each direction the creatures faced" - -## This was the appearance and structure of the wheels ## +# This was the appearance and structure of the wheels "This is what the wheels looked like and how they were made" -## each wheel was like beryl ## +# like beryl -Beryl is a kind of clear, valuable stone. This kind of beryl has a yellow or golden color. Alternate translation: "the wheels were clear and yellow like a beryl stone" or "the wheels were clear and yellow like a precious stone." +Beryl is a kind of clear, valuable stone, often of yellow or golden color. "clear and yellow like a beryl stone" or "clear and yellow like a precious stone" -## and the four were all the same ## +# the four had the same likeness -"and all four of the wheels looked the same"" +Here the abstract noun "likeness" refers to what the four wheels looked like. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "all four of the wheels looked the same" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## they looked like a wheel intersecting another wheel ## +# their appearance and structure was like a wheel intersecting another wheel -"they were made with one wheel going through another wheel" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract nouns "appearance" and "structure" can be translated as verbs. AT: "they appeared to be made with one wheel going through another wheel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/17.md b/ezk/01/17.md index c5b90c055a..adf7a15a16 100644 --- a/ezk/01/17.md +++ b/ezk/01/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## they went in any direction ## +# Connecting Statement: -"the wheels were able to go in any of the four directions that they where pointed in" +Ezekiel continues to describe his vision. -## As for their rims ## +# they went in any of their four directions + +Possible meanings are 1) "their" refers to the creatures. AT: "they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards" or 2) "their" refers to the wheels. + +# As for their rims "This is what the rims of the wheels looked like" -## they were high and fearsome ## +# they were high and fearsome "the rims were very tall and awe-inspiring" or "the rims where tall and frightening" -## for the rims were full of eyes round about ## +# for the rims were full of eyes round about "because the rims had very many eyes around all four of the wheels" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/19.md b/ezk/01/19.md index 0685258738..e91eaf709d 100644 --- a/ezk/01/19.md +++ b/ezk/01/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## When the living creatures rose up from the earth ## +# When the living creatures rose up from the earth -It was implied that the creatures were flying in the air after they left the ground. Alternate translation: "So when the creatures left the ground and went up into the air." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The creatures were flying in the air after they left the ground. AT: "So when the creatures left the ground and went up into the air" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the wheels also rose up ## +# the wheels also rose up "the wheels also left the ground and went into the air" -## Wherever the Spirit moved, they moved ## +# Wherever the Spirit would go, they went The word "they" refers to the creatures. -## the wheels rose up beside them ## +# the wheels rose up beside them "the wheels went up into the air with the living creatures" -## the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels ## +# the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels -"the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels too" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Ezekiel is speaking of the "creatures" of verse 19 as if they were one creature. AT: "the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels" or 2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. AT: "the spirit of life was in the wheels" or "the living spirit was in the wheels" or 3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. AT: "the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/22.md b/ezk/01/22.md index b52d1f256b..dbc7497e6e 100644 --- a/ezk/01/22.md +++ b/ezk/01/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## an expansive dome ## +# the likeness of an expansive dome -A dome looks like a hollow ball that is cut in half. "Expansive" means very large. Alternate translation: "a huge bowl" +Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like "an expansive dome." The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "what looked like an expansive dome" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## awe-inspiring crystal ## +# an expansive dome -inspiring crystal** - "awe-inspiring ice" or "crystal that makes people marvel when they look at it" +A dome looks like a hollow ball that is cut in half. "Expansive" means very large. "a huge upside-down bowl" -## stretched out over their heads above ## +# awe-inspiring crystal + +"awe-inspiring ice" or "crystal that makes people marvel when they look at it" + +# stretched out over their heads above "and the expansive dome was spread out above the heads of the creatures" or "and the expansive dome took up a lot of space over the heads of the creatures" -## Beneath the dome ## +# Beneath the dome "under the dome" -## Each of the living creatures also had a pair to cover themselves—each had a pair to cover his own body ## +# Each of the living creatures also had a pair to cover themselves; each had a pair to cover his own body "Each of the living creatures also had two other wings, which they used to cover their bodies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/24.md b/ezk/01/24.md index ce84a43fbe..381f6586b2 100644 --- a/ezk/01/24.md +++ b/ezk/01/24.md @@ -1,33 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + Ezekiel continues to tell about his vision of the living creatures. -## Like the noise of rushing water ## +# Then I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of many waters. Like the voice of the Almighty whenever they moved. Like -This can be translated as a sentence: "The sound of their wings was loud like rushing water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Other possible meanings are that the words "whenever they moved" refer to 1) all the words before them in this verse, "Whenever they moved, I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Like" or 2) to the words that follow, "wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Whenever they moved, it sounded like." -## rushing water ## +# Like ... waters. Like ... moved. Like ... rainstorm. Like ... army. -This simply means "a lot of water." It could refer to "a loud river" or "a large waterfall" or "the waves crashing at the ocean". All of these are very loud. +These sentences are not complete because Ezekiel was showing that he was excited about what he saw. They can be translated as complete sentences: "The wings sounded like ... water. They sounded like ... moved. They sounded like ... rainstorm. They sounded like ... army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Like the voice of the Almighty ## +# many waters -The Bible sometimes refers to thunder as "the voice of the Almighty." Alternate translation: "It sounded like the voice of the Almighty God" or "It sounded like the thunder of the Almighty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This simply means "a lot of water." It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud. -## there was the sound of a rainstorm ## +# Like the voice of the Almighty -Possible meanings are: 1) "the sound of very big storm" or 2) "the sound of a very large crowd of people." Alternate translations: "there was a sound that was loud like a big storm" or "there was a sound that was loud like a very large crowd of people." +The Bible sometimes refers to thunder as "the voice of the Almighty." AT: "It sounded like the voice of the Almighty God" or "It sounded like the thunder of the Almighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Whenever they stood still ## +# Like the sound of a rainstorm + +Possible meanings are: 1) "Like the sound of very big storm" or 2) "Like the sound of a very large crowd of people" AT: "There was a sound that was loud like a big storm" or "There was a sound that was loud like a very large crowd of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Whenever they stood still "Whenever the creatures stopped moving" -## they lowered their wings ## +# they lowered their wings "the creatures let their wings hang down by their sides." They did this when they were not using their wings to fly. -## the dome over their heads ## +# A voice came from above the dome + +"Someone who was above the dome spoke." If you need to tell whose voice this is, you should probably identify it as the voice of Yahweh ([Ezekiel 1:3](./01.md)). + +# the dome over their heads "the dome that was over the heads of the creatures" -## the dome ## +# the dome -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:22](./22.md) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:23](./22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/26.md b/ezk/01/26.md index 2be819d63d..52f4fec41e 100644 --- a/ezk/01/26.md +++ b/ezk/01/26.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## over their heads ## +# over their heads "over the heads of the living creatures" -## was the appearance of a throne ## +# was the likeness of a throne -"was something that looked like a throne" +Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a throne. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "was something that looked like a throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## sapphire ## +# sapphire a very valuable stone that is clear blue and very shiny -## on the throne was ## +# on the likeness of the throne was -"on the throne there was" +The abstract noun "likeness" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "on what looked like a throne there was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the appearance of one who looked like a man ## +# a likeness like the appearance of a man -"someone who looked like a man" or "someone who looked like person" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract nouns "likeness" and "appearance" can be translated with verbal phrases. If you need to tell who this is, you should probably identify him as Yahweh ([Ezekiel 1:3](./01.md)). AT: "something that looked similar to what appeared to be a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/27.md b/ezk/01/27.md index f2480a8b8d..ec89ac4af9 100644 --- a/ezk/01/27.md +++ b/ezk/01/27.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision. -## from his hips up ## +# from the appearance of his hips up -The person's body above the hips looked like glowing metal that had fire in it. +The person's body above the hips looked like glowing metal that had fire in it. The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "from what appeared to be his hips up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## all around ## +# from the appearance of his hips downward the appearance of fire and brightness all around -"all around the person sitting on the throne" +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "all around him below what appeared to be his hips, I saw what looked like fire and a bright light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## from his hips downward it looked like fire and brightness all around ## +# Like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds on a rainy day was the appearance of the bright light surrounding it -"All around him below the hips, I saw what looked like fire and a bright light." +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "The brightness surrounding it appeared to be like the way a rainbow appears in the clouds on a rainy day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## It looked like a rainbow that appears in the clouds on a rainy day—and like bright light surrounding it. ## +# rainbow -This can be translated as "The brightness that was all around him looked like a rainbow that appears in the clouds on a day when it rains." +the colorful strip of light that appears in the rain when the sun shines from behind the viewer -## rainbow ## +# It was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of Yahweh -A rainbow is a colorful strip of light that appears in the sky when it rains. +The abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like the glory of Yahweh. Both "appearance" and "likeness" can be translated as with a verbal phrase. AT: "It appeared to be what looked like the glory of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## This appeared as the likeness of the glory of Yahweh ## - -This can be translated as: "The bright light looked like something that was similar to the glory of Yahweh." - -## I fell on my face ## +# I fell on my face "I bowed down to the ground" or "I lay on the ground." Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I heard a voice speaking ## +# I heard a voice speaking -AT: "I heard someone speaking" or "I heard the voice of someone speaking (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "voice" is a metonym for the person. AT: "I heard someone speaking" or "Someone spoke, and I heard his voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/01/intro.md b/ezk/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..504cf686cf --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Ezekiel 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Ezekiel's call ##### + +Ezekiel had a vision of God calling him to prophetic ministry. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Ezekiel intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/02/01.md b/ezk/02/01.md index 64d307eccc..b1885599b0 100644 --- a/ezk/02/01.md +++ b/ezk/02/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw. -## The voice ## +# He said to me -The phrase "the voice" refers to God speaking to Ezekiel. +If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the "one who looked like a man" ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not "the Spirit." -## Son of man ## +# Son of man -God called Ezekiel this to emphasize Ezekiel's humanity. God is powerful, but people are not. It can also be translated as "Man" or "Human." +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## to the people of Israel, to rebellious nations ## +# the Spirit -"to the Israelites, to rebellious peoples" or "to the people of Israel, who are rebellious." +Other possible meanings are 1) "a spirit" or 2) "a wind." -## up to this very day ## +# to the people of Israel, to rebellious nations that have rebelled against me -This means that the people of Israel were continuing to disobey God. Alternate translation: "even now" or "even today." \ No newline at end of file +"to the Israelites, to rebellious peoples who have rebelled against me." The two phrases "people of Israel" and "rebellious nations" refer to the same people. AT: "to the people of Israel, a people who has rebelled against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# up to this very day + +"even now" or "even today." This means that the people of Israel were continuing to disobey God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/02/04.md b/ezk/02/04.md index c4186850f7..6992f3c79e 100644 --- a/ezk/02/04.md +++ b/ezk/02/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + God continues to speak to Ezekiel. -## Their children ## +# Their descendants -The word "their" refers to the past generations of Israel who had rebelled against God. The word "children" refers to current generation of people living in Israel. +the descendants of the past generations of Israel who had rebelled against God, referring to the people living in Israel at the time Ezekiel writes -## stubborn faces and hard hearts ## +# have stubborn faces -These two descriptions are both used to describe the people of Israel not wanting to change how they live in order to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"have expression on their faces that show that they are stubborn" -## they have stubborn faces ## +# stubborn faces and hard hearts -"the expression on their faces shows that they are stubborn" or "they are stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The words "stubborn faces" refer to the way they act on the outside, and the words "hard hearts" refer to the way they think and feel. Together they emphasize that the people of Israel would not change how they lived in order to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## stubborn ## +# stubborn -"unwilling to change" +This describes a person who refuses to change what he thinks or what he is doing. -## hard hearts ## +# hard hearts -This phrase suggests the people's resistance to God and their unwillingness to obey him. The heart is used to describe the place in the body where a person decides what they want to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Rocks never change and become soft, and these people never change and become sorry when they do evil things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They are a rebellious house ## +# house -"They are a people who disobey God" \ No newline at end of file +This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. AT: "people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a prophet has been among them + +"the one whom they have refused to listen to was a prophet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/02/06.md b/ezk/02/06.md index c15fd478dd..0d01cbb9aa 100644 --- a/ezk/02/06.md +++ b/ezk/02/06.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + God continues to speak to Ezekiel -## Son of man ## +# son of man -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](./01.md). +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](./01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" -## briers and thorns and…scorpions ## +# briers and thorns and ... scorpions These words describe the people of Israel who will not treat Ezekiel kindly when he tells them what God says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## briers and thorns ## +# briers and thorns -Briers are bushes with sharp points on the branches. The sharp points on the branches are called thorns. +Briers are bushes with sharp points on the branches. The sharp points on the branches are called thorns. -## scorpions ## +# scorpions -A scorpion is a small animal with two front claws, six legs and a large tail with poisonous stinger. It's sting is very painful. +A scorpion is a small animal with two front claws, six legs, and a large tail with a poisonous stinger. Its sting is very painful. -## Do not fear their words ## +# Do not fear their words "Do not be afraid of what they say." -## dismayed by their faces ## +# be dismayed by their faces -"upset at the way they look at you" \ No newline at end of file +The words "their faces" are a metonym for the message the people express with their faces. AT: "lose your desire to serve me because of the way they look at you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/02/07.md b/ezk/02/07.md index 5bedcd229a..2ceb31ec14 100644 --- a/ezk/02/07.md +++ b/ezk/02/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + God continues to speak to Ezekiel. -## Son of man ## +# are most rebellious -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](./01.md). +"are very rebellious" or "totally rebel against me" -## that rebellious house ## +# house -"that rebellious group of people" \ No newline at end of file +This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](./04.md). AT: "people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/02/09.md b/ezk/02/09.md index 587a06d24c..a804dc54e9 100644 --- a/ezk/02/09.md +++ b/ezk/02/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## a written scroll ## +# a hand was extended out to me + +It was as if 1) a person in the heavens had extended his hand out toward Ezekiel and all Ezekiel could see was from the hand to the elbow or shoulder or 2) the "one who looked like a man" ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)) extended his hand. + +# a written scroll "a scroll that had writing on it" -## He spread it out ## +# He spread it out -The word "He" refers to the Spirit, who opens the scroll. +The word "He" refers to the "one who looked like a man" ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). -## words were written on both sides of the scroll ## +# it had been written on both its front and back -"writing was on the front and back of the scroll" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone had written on both its front and its back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## mourning ## +# written on it were lamentations, mourning, and woe -great sorrow and sadness such as what people feel when someone dies \ No newline at end of file +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "lamentations," "mourning," and "woe." AT: "someone had written on it that these people would lament, be sad the way they would be if someone they loved had died, and have bad things happen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/02/intro.md b/ezk/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f08c266474 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Ezekiel's call continues in this chapter. God appointed Ezekiel to be a prophet but warned him that the people were very rebellious and would not listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/01.md b/ezk/03/01.md index e818aa5357..8cfc14174c 100644 --- a/ezk/03/01.md +++ b/ezk/03/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw. -## He said to me ## +# He said to me -The word "He" refers to the Spirit of God. (See: [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md) +The word "He" refers to the "one who looked like a man" ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). -## Son of man ## +# Son of man -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## what you have found ## +# what you have found This refers to the scroll that God was giving him. (See: [Ezekiel 2:9](../02/09.md)) -## the house of Israel ## +# the house of Israel -This refers to "the descendants of Israel" who became "the kingdom of Israel." Alternate translation "the people of Israel." +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## feed your stomach and fill your belly with this scroll ## +# that scroll -These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Many versions have "the scroll" or "this scroll." -## It was as sweet as honey ## +# feed your belly and fill your stomach with this scroll -"It tasted sweet like honey" \ No newline at end of file +The word "belly" refers to the part of the body people can see from the outside. The word "stomach" refers to the internal organs inside the belly. + +# it was as sweet as honey + +Honey tastes sweet, and the scroll tasted sweet. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/04.md b/ezk/03/04.md index ab30fa05fd..f500c48be2 100644 --- a/ezk/03/04.md +++ b/ezk/03/04.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw. -## He said to me ## +# he said to me -The word "He" refers to the Spirit of God. +If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the "one who looked like a man" ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not "the Spirit." -## Son of man ## +# the house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](./01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## house of Israel ## +# of strange speech or a difficult language -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](./01.md). +"who speak a strange or difficult language" -## of a strange speech or a difficult language ## - -"who speak a strange or difficult language." - -## not to a mighty nation of strange speech ## +# not to many peoples of strange speech "I am not sending you to a mighty nation whose people speak a strange language" -## If I sent you to them ## +# if I sent you to them, they would have listened to you + +This is a hypothetical situation that could have happened but did not. Yahweh did not send Ezekiel to people who did not understand his language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# if I sent you to them The word "them" refers to a mighty nation other than Israel. -## stubborn-browed and hard-hearted ## +# strong browed and hard hearted -browed and hard-hearted** - "stubborn and rebellious" or "stubborn and unrepentant." Together they mean "very stubborn." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These mean basically the same thing. AT: "very rebellious" or "very stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# strong browed + +This is an idiom. AT: "unwilling to change" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# hard hearted + +This phrase suggests that the people resist God and are unwilling to obey him. The heart is used to describe the place in the body where a person decides what they want to do. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/08.md b/ezk/03/08.md index 5b65f7bce9..1968ade343 100644 --- a/ezk/03/08.md +++ b/ezk/03/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + The Spirit of God continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## Behold ## +# Behold! -The word “behold” here alerts Ezekiel to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +The word "Behold" here alerts Ezekiel to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## I have made your face as stubborn as their faces ## +# I have made your face as stubborn as their faces -The words "face" and "faces" are used to stand for the people the sentence is about. Alternate translation: "I have made you as stubborn as they are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The words "face" and "faces" are used to stand for the people the sentence is about. AT: "I have made you as stubborn as they are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## your brow as hard as their brows ## +# I have made ... your brow as hard as their brows -The "brow" is the forehead or eyebrow. It used in the same way as "face." +The "brow" is the forehead or eyebrow and is a metonym for what the person thinks. AT: "I have made ... you strong so you will not stop doing what you are doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I have made your brow like a diamond, harder than flint ## +# I have made your brow like a diamond, harder than flint -"I have made your brow like the hardest stone, harder than flint." +"I have made your brow like the hardest stone, harder than flint" -## flint ## +# flint -a stone that is hard enough to start a fire by hitting it with metal or another stone \ No newline at end of file +a stone that is hard enough to start a fire by hitting it with metal or another stone + +# house + +This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/04.md). AT: "people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/10.md b/ezk/03/10.md index f8a9c0faea..80317f220e 100644 --- a/ezk/03/10.md +++ b/ezk/03/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Son of man ## +# take them into your heart and hear them with your ears -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +Here "heart" represents a person's mind. AT: "remember them and listen carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## take them into your heart and hear them with your ears ## - -"remember them and listen carefully" - -## Then go to the captives ## +# Then go to the captives The word "captives" refers to the people of Israel who were living in Babylon. -## the children of your people ## +# your people -The phrase "your people" refers to the people of Israel who were taken by force to Babylon. Their children grew up in Babylon. +"your people group." Ezekiel had lived in Judah before the Babylonians took him to Babylon. -## the Lord Yahweh ## +# Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/12.md b/ezk/03/12.md index bf903ec0fb..2bd7899ac2 100644 --- a/ezk/03/12.md +++ b/ezk/03/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Ezekiel continues telling about the vision he saw. -## the glory of Yahweh ## +# I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake: "Blessed be the glory of Yahweh from his place!" -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:27](../01/27.md). +Some versions take "Blessed ... place!" as a words that the "great earthquake" spoke: "I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake, which said, 'Blessed be the glory of Yahweh from his place!'" Others understand the sound of the earthquake as the sound of the glory of Yahweh leaving his place, "as the glory of Yahweh left its place, I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake." -## a sound like a great earthquake ## +# the sound of a great earthquake -"a loud, deep and powerful rumbling sound like that of an earthquake" \ No newline at end of file +It is not clear if the sound came from an earthquake, from a voice that was loud like an earthquake, or from the wings and wheels. AT: "a sound like the sound of a great earthquake" or "a voice speaking; the voice sounded like a great earthquake" or "a loud rumbling noise" + +# the glory of Yahweh + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/27.md). + +# the sound of a great earthquake + +"a loud, deep and powerful rumbling sound like the sound of an earthquake" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/14.md b/ezk/03/14.md index d227a26be3..128088857b 100644 --- a/ezk/03/14.md +++ b/ezk/03/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## with bitterness in my spirit's rage ## +# General Information: -The words "bitterness" and "rage" are types of anger. Alternate translations: I was indignant and my spirit was full of anger" or "I was very indignant and angry." +Ezekiel seems to have been angry because Yahweh had sent him to speak to the Israelite exiles, thus rebelling against Yahweh himself. Though he was supposed to speak to them, he sat in silence for seven days, even though he could feel the anger of Yahweh "powerfully pressing on" him. -## the hand of Yahweh ## +# away, and I went with bitterness in my spirit's rage -The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. Alternate translation: "the power of Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The words "bitterness" and "rage" are types of anger. This can be stated as a separate sentence. AT: "away. I was bitter and my spirit was full of anger" or "away. I was very bitter and angry" -## for the hand of Yahweh was powerfully pressing on me ## +# bitterness -"I felt Yahweh pushing me very powerfully" (UDB). +Ezekiel speaks of his anger at Yahweh as if there were a bad taste in his mouth because Yahweh had forced him to eat something that tasted bad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Tel-abib ## +# for the hand of Yahweh was powerfully pressing on me -abib** - A town in Babylon, about 80 kilometers southeast of the main city which was also called Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Ezekiel speaks of being sad and tired because Yahweh had commanded him to do things he did not want to do as if Yahweh were pushing him down into the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the Chebar canal ## +# the hand of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). +Possible meanings are 1) the word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action, AT: "the power of Yahweh," or 2) Ezekiel knew that Yahweh was angry with him because he was not obeying Yahweh by speaking to the Israelite exiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## overwhelmed in amazement ## +# Tel Aviv -The word "overwhelmed" refers to having a powerful emotion that often comes by surprise and takes all of a person's focus. \ No newline at end of file +A town in Babylon, about 80 kilometers southeast of the main city, which was also called Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Kebar Canal + +This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# overwhelmed in amazement + +"unable to do anything because I was so amazed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/16.md b/ezk/03/16.md index bdec05b4ad..bdb796e4e5 100644 --- a/ezk/03/16.md +++ b/ezk/03/16.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -Abib. +# General Information: -## The word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +Ezekiel tells about his experience at Tel-Aviv. -Alternate translations: "Yahweh's message came to me" or "Yahweh gave me this message" or "Yahweh spoke this message to me." +# the word of Yahweh came -## Son of man ## +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +# watchman -## house of Israel ## +God told Ezekiel to warn the people of Israel just as a watchman would warn the people of a city if enemies were coming, so that they could prepare and be safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](./01.md). +# the house of Israel -## watchman ## +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](./01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -God told Ezekiel to warn the people of Israel just as a watchman would warn the people of a city if enemies were coming, so that they could prepare and be safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +# a warning to the wicked about his evil deeds so he might live -## a warning to the wicked about his evil deeds so he might live ## +You may need to make explicit that the wicked needs to stop doing evil deeds. AT: "a warning to the wicked to stop doing his evil deeds so that he might live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"a warning to the wicked to stop doing his evil deeds so that he might live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# the wicked -## I will require his blood from your hand ## +"wicked people" -"I will hold you responsible for his death" or "you will be guilty for his death." The phrase "his blood" refers to the man's death or the consequences for having caused the man to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# require his blood from your hand -## he does not turn from his wickedness or from his wicked deeds ## +This is an idiom for holding someone responsible or guilty of murder. AT: "treat you as if you had murdered him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"he does not stop doing wicked things" \ No newline at end of file +# he does not turn from his wickedness or from his wicked deeds + +The phrase "wicked deeds" means the same thing as "wickedness." AT: "he does not stop doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/20.md b/ezk/03/20.md index 501cfbc211..6651b9348b 100644 --- a/ezk/03/20.md +++ b/ezk/03/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## He will die in his sin ## +# set a stumbling block before him -"He will die as a sinner" or "He will die as someone guilty of disobedience" +Possible meanings are 1) "make something bad happen to him" or 2) "cause him to sin openly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will require his blood from your hand ## +# he will die in his sin -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](./16.md). +"he will die as a sinner" or "he will die as a guilty person because he has disobeyed me" -## since he was warned ## +# I will require his blood from your hand -"since you warned him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom for holding someone responsible or guilty of murder. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:18](./16.md). AT: "I will treat you as if you had murdered him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# since he was warned + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "since you warned him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/22.md b/ezk/03/22.md index eb9011145a..ffe2eb4e35 100644 --- a/ezk/03/22.md +++ b/ezk/03/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the hand of Yahweh ## +# the hand of Yahweh -The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. Alternate translation: "the power of Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. AT: "the power of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I fell on my face ## +# the glory of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:27](../01/27.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/27.md). + +# the Kebar Canal + +This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# I fell on my face + +"I bowed down to the ground" or "I lay on the ground." Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/24.md b/ezk/03/24.md index bb829d2866..bbcc6a8e52 100644 --- a/ezk/03/24.md +++ b/ezk/03/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Son of man ## +# he spoke with me -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the "one who looked like a man" ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not "the Spirit." -## they will place ropes upon you and tie you so you cannot go out among them ## +# they will place ropes upon you and tie you so you cannot go out among them -This suggests that Ezekiel will not be able to warn the people because they do not want to hear God's message. \ No newline at end of file +This is best translated literally. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/26.md b/ezk/03/26.md index 901150601e..67424b6a41 100644 --- a/ezk/03/26.md +++ b/ezk/03/26.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## the roof of your mouth ## +# the roof of your mouth "the top of your mouth" -## you will be mute ## +# you will be mute "you will not be able to speak" -## I will open your mouth ## +# house + +This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/04.md). AT: "people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will open your mouth "I will make you able to speak" -## the one who will not listen will not listen ## +# the one who will not listen will not listen "the one who refuses to listen will not listen" -## The Lord Yahweh ## +# Lord Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). - -## a rebellious house ## - -"a rebellious people" or "a rebellious nation" \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/03/intro.md b/ezk/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..11695b64d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Ezekiel's call concludes in this chapter. God told Ezekiel more about what he should say to the people and how he should say it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/04/01.md b/ezk/04/01.md index 2b209275c1..aa1a0383c7 100644 --- a/ezk/04/01.md +++ b/ezk/04/01.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -The Spirit of God continues speaking to Ezekiel. He tells Ezekiel to show how God will punish the people of Israel and Judah. +# General Information: -## Son of man ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. He tells Ezekiel to take a brick and dirt and pieces of wood and act as if he were Yahweh destroying the city of Jerusalem. -The phrase "Son of man" refers to Ezekiel. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md) +# son of man -## carve the city of Jerusalem ## +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" -"carve a picture of the city of Jerusalem" +# carve the city of Jerusalem -## lay siege against it ## +You may need to make explicit that Ezekiel is to carve a picture. AT: "carve a picture of the city of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lay siege against it "surround the city in order to capture it" -## build forts against it ## +# build forts against it "build strong walls against it." The walls would keep people from leaving the city. -## Raise up an assault ramp against it ## +# Raise up an assault ramp against it -"build a ramp outside of it for the enemies to get inside." Jerusalem had a wall around it to protect the people inside. The enemies could only get inside if they had a ramp to climb up over the wall. +"Build a ramp outside of it for the enemies to get inside." Jerusalem had a wall around it to protect the people inside. The enemies could only get inside if they had a ramp to climb up over the wall. -## Place battering rams all around it ## +# Place battering rams all around it -A "battering rams" is a large tree or pole that many men in an army would pick up and hit against a wall or door so they could break it down and get inside. "Set huge poles around it to break down the gates and get inside." +"Set around it huge poles people would use to break down the gates and get inside." "Battering rams" are large trees or poles that many men in an army would pick up and hit against a wall or door so they could break it down and get inside. -## Set your face against it ## +# set your face against it -"look at it with hostility" or "turn toward it with anger" or "look at it angrily" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is a command to stare at the model of the city as a symbol of punishing the city. AT: "stare at the city" or "stare at the city so that it will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## house of Israel ## +# set your face -"the people of Israel" or "the people who live in Israel." This refers specifically to the people of the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set your face" refers to literally staring at something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/04/04.md b/ezk/04/04.md index eec4cd3787..010f784c3c 100644 --- a/ezk/04/04.md +++ b/ezk/04/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. +# General Information: -## take the sin of the house of Israel on yourself ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -Possible meanings are 1) "symbolically bearing the punishment for the sins of the Israelites" (UDB) or 2) "suffer by lying on your side because of their sin." +# put the sin of the house of Israel on it -## house of Israel ## +Possible meanings are 1) "symbolically bear the punishment for the sins of the Israelites" or 2) "suffer by lying on your side because of their sin." -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:1](./01.md). +# the house of Israel -## you will carry their sin ## +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will carry their sin Possible meanings are 1) "you will be guilty of their sin" or 2) "you will be punished for their sin." Either of these meanings will be demonstrated "symbolically" by Ezekiel as noted in the UDB. -## lie down against the house of Israel ## +# lie down against the house of Israel -Alternate translation: "lie facing the kingdom of Israel in a hostile manner." +"lie facing the kingdom of Israel in a hostile manner" -## I myself am assigning to you one day to represent each year of their punishment ## +# I myself am assigning to you one day to represent each year of their punishment -Alternate translation: "I myself command you to lay on your side for the same number of days as the number of years that I will punish them." +"I myself command you to lie on your side for the same number of days as the number of years that I will punish them" -## each year of their punishment ## +# each year of their punishment -Possible meanings are 1) each year that they will be punished for their sins or 2) each year that they have sinned. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) each year that they will be punished for their sins or 2) each year that they have sinned. + +# 390 days + +"three hundred and ninety days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/04/06.md b/ezk/04/06.md index c8cb52750b..578ed0a12d 100644 --- a/ezk/04/06.md +++ b/ezk/04/06.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## When you have completed these days ## +# these days -"These days" refers to the days Ezekiel lies down on his side to illustrate the siege of the kingdom of Israel. +the days Ezekiel lies down on his left side to illustrate the siege of the kingdom of Israel -## you will carry the sin ## +# you will carry the sin -See how you translated "you will carry their sin" in [Ezekiel 4:4](./04.md). +Possible meanings are 1) "you will be guilty of the sin" or 2) "you will be punished for the sin." Either of these meanings will be demonstrated "symbolically" by Ezekiel as noted in the UDB. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 4:4](./04.md). -## I am assigning to you one day for each year ## +# the house of Judah -"I will make you do this one day for each year that I will punish them." +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Judah people group" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## set your face against ## +# I am assigning to you one day for each year -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:1](./01.md) +"I will make you do this one day for each year that I will punish them" -## you will prophesy against it ## +# Set your face toward Jerusalem that is under siege -"you will prophesy about the bad things that will happen to Jerusalem" +This is a command to stare at the model of Jerusalem as a symbol of punishing Jerusalem. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](./01.md). AT: "Stare at Jerusalem that is under siege" or "Stare at Jerusalem that is under siege, so that it will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## behold ## +# Set your face -This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze. "Set your face" refers to literally staring at something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I am placing bonds on you ## +# prophesy against it -Bonds are ropes or chains that keep a person from moving. \ No newline at end of file +"prophesy about the bad things that will happen to Jerusalem" + +# For behold + +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# I am placing bonds on you + +Bonds are ropes or chains that keep a person from moving. It is not clear whether the word "bonds" is a metaphor for something Yahweh does that is as if he had bound Ezekiel or if he is using literal, physical ropes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/04/09.md b/ezk/04/09.md index be9c0c6ea7..023b9c4b8e 100644 --- a/ezk/04/09.md +++ b/ezk/04/09.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## wheat, barley,…millet, and spelt ## +# wheat, barley ... millet, and spelt These are different kinds of grains. -## lentils ## +# beans + +vines whose seeds, which grow in a single row inside its otherwise empty fruit, can be eaten + +# lentils These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## twenty shekels in weight ## +# 390 days -"20 shekels in weight." Alternate translation: 200 grams of bread." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +"three hundred and ninety days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## from time to time ## +# twenty shekels per day -"at various times during the day" or "as you need it" +"20 shekels per day." A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: 200 grams of bread each day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## a sixth of a hin ## +# a sixth of a hin -"1/6 hin" or "a sixth part of a hin" or "about one-half liter" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) \ No newline at end of file +"1/6 hin" or "a sixth part of a hin" or "about one-half liter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# a hin + +A hin is 3.7 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/04/12.md b/ezk/04/12.md index 1d67dbc999..5fc879f6af 100644 --- a/ezk/04/12.md +++ b/ezk/04/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## You will eat it ## +# You will eat it -The word "it" refers to the kind of bread God spoke of in [Ezekiel 4:9](./09.md). +The word "it" refers to the bread ([Ezekiel 4:9](./09.md)). -## barley cakes ## +# barley cakes -flat bread made of barley (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [Ezekiel 4:9](./09.md)) +flat bread made of barley ([Ezekiel 4:9](./09.md)) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## you will bake it on human excrement ## +# you will bake it on excrement of human dung -"You will cook it over a fire made with human solid waste." +"you will cook it over a fire made with pieces of human solid waste." Your language may have a way of expressing this politely. -## house of Israel ## +# will banish -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). - -## I will banish them ## - -The word "banish" means to send someone away by force or because of a crime. \ No newline at end of file +will send away by force \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/04/14.md b/ezk/04/14.md index 4164a0d2c4..f16c7a6d7f 100644 --- a/ezk/04/14.md +++ b/ezk/04/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Alas ## +# Alas -Ezekiel says this to show that he is very troubled by what the Lord has told him to do. +"It would be wrong for me to do that." Ezekiel is very troubled by what the Lord has told him to do. -## Lord Yahweh ## +# Lord Yahweh -See how you translated "the Lord Yahweh" in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). Here Ezekiel is saying this to the Lord. +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). Here Ezekiel is speaking to the Lord. -## foul meat ## +# foul meat has never entered my mouth -This refers to meat that is unclean because it came from an animal that died of sickness or old age or was killed by another animal. The word "foul" shows his disgust over meat like this. Alternate translation: "unclean meat." +"I have never eaten foul meat" -## foul meat has never entered my mouth ## +# foul meat -This means "I have never eaten foul meat." +"disgusting, unclean meat." This refers to meat that is unclean because it has come from an animal that has died of sickness or old age or was killed by another animal. The word "foul" shows his disgust over meat like this. -## Look! I have given you ## +# Look -The word "Look" is used to bring Ezekiel's attention to what God is about to say to him. +"Listen" or "Pay attention to the important thing I will tell you now" -## man's dung ## +# I have given you -See how you translated human excrement in [Ezekiel 4:12](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file +"I will allow you to use" + +# cow manure + +solid waste from cows. Your language may have a polite way of expressing this. + +# human dung + +solid waste from humans. Your language may have a polite way of expressing this. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:12](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/04/16.md b/ezk/04/16.md index f679aed547..2173746dce 100644 --- a/ezk/04/16.md +++ b/ezk/04/16.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## Son of man ## +# Behold -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## behold ## +# I am breaking the staff of bread in Jerusalem -This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"I will stop the supply of food to Jerusalem" -## the staff of bread ## +# the staff of bread -"the supply of food." The supply is called a staff because like a staff, it supports people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The supply is called a staff because some people need a staff to walk and do their work, and people need bread to live. Bread represents all kinds of food. AT: "the supply of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## I am breaking the staff of bread in Jerusalem ## +# they will eat bread while rationing it in anxiety -"I will stop the supply of food to Jerusalem." +You may need to make explicit why they will ration the bread. "they will carefully divide their bread because they fear that there will not be enough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they will eat bread while rationing it in anxiety ## +# rationing -This means that "they will carefully divide their bread because they fear that that there will not be enough." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +giving small amounts of something of which there is not enough to many people -## rationing it in trembling ## +# rationing it in trembling -"rationing it while shaking" or "rationing it in fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "shaking" is a metaphor for being afraid and "trembling" represents fear. AT: "rationing it while shaking" or "rationing it in fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## every man will be dismayed at his brother ## +# every man will be dismayed at his brother and waste away -"everyone will look at his brother and be worried about the food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "everyone will look at his brother and worry about how much food his brother eats and waste away" or 2) "every one of them will be dismayed and waste away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## melt away because of their iniquity ## +# waste away -"become extremely thin because of their iniquity." As ice melts away when heated, people become thin when they do not eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "waste away" is usually used of flesh or wood rotting. Here it is a metaphor for wicked people becoming thin and dying because they have no food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/04/intro.md b/ezk/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..34676f8c11 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Ezekiel 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Destruction of Jerusalem ##### +The destruction of Jerusalem is pictured in this chapter. Ezekiel showed the lack of food and water that would occur during the siege of Jerusalem. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/01.md b/ezk/05/01.md index 69c99e9f61..905e46d783 100644 --- a/ezk/05/01.md +++ b/ezk/05/01.md @@ -1,45 +1,47 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. +# General Information: -## Son of man ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. All instances of "the city" refer to the "city" that Ezekiel carved onto the brick ([Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md)). -This refers to Ezekiel. See how you translated it in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +# son of man -## barber's razor ## +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" + +# barber's razor "blade for cutting hair" -## pass the razor over your head and your beard ## +# pass the razor over your head and your beard -"shave your head and your face" or "remove the hair from your head and your beard" +"shave your head and your face" or "remove the hair from your head and the beard from your face" -## Burn a third of it ## +# Burn a third of it -"Burn a third of your hair" +"Burn a third of your hair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -## in the midst of the city ## +# midst -"in the middle of the city." The phrase "the city" probably refers to the picture of Jerusalem. +middle -## when the days of the siege are completed ## +# when the days of the siege are completed "when the days of Jerusalem's siege have ended" or "when the days have ended that you show how Jerusalem will put under siege" -## take a third of the hair ## +# take a third of the hair -"take one of the three piles of hair" +"take one of the three piles of hair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -## and strike it with the sword all around the city ## +# strike it with the sword all around the city -"and hit it with your sword all over the city" +"hit it with your sword all over the city" -## scatter a third of it to the wind ## +# scatter a third of it to the wind -Alternate translation: "let the wind blow the last third of your hair in different directions." +"let the wind blow the last third of your hair in different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -## I will draw out a sword ## +# I will draw out a sword to chase after the people -"I will pull a sword out of its container" +The word "sword" is a metonym for enemy soldiers who will attack with their swords, and to "draw out a sword" is to send the soldiers into battle. AT: "I will cause their enemies to pursue them and attack them with swords." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will draw out a sword to chase after the people ## +# I will draw out a sword -The word "sword" refers to enemy soldiers who will attack with their swords. Alternate translation: "I will still cause their enemies to pursue them and attack them with swords." (UDB) (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I will pull a sword out of its container" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/03.md b/ezk/05/03.md index 90528172b1..761a308747 100644 --- a/ezk/05/03.md +++ b/ezk/05/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to Ezekiel. -## a small number of hair from them ## +# But take ... Then take + +Ezekiel was to do this when he shaved his hair and beard ([Ezekiel 5:1](./01.md)) and before he burned the hair ([Ezekiel 5:2](./01.md)). You may need to place these verses before those verses. "But when you shave off your hair and beard, and before you burn them, take ... After you have scattered the hair to the wind, then take" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# a small number of hairs from them "a few hairs from the piles" -## tie them to your sleeves ## +# tie them -The word "them" refers to the hairs. +The word "them" refers to the hairs. Possible meanings are 1) the hairs were long enough so Ezekiel could tie them or 2) Ezekiel was to sew the hairs or otherwise attach them 3) Ezekiel was to place the hairs loosely in a fold of the garment. -## your sleeves ## +# the folds of your robe -Possible meanings are 1) "the end of the cloth on your arms" 2) "the end of the cloth on your robe" +Possible meanings are 1) "the cloth on your arms" ("your sleeves") or 2) "the end of the cloth on your robe" ("your hem") or 3) the fold in the garment where it is tucked into the belt. -## from there a fire will go out to all the house of Israel ## +# from there a fire will go out to all the house of Israel -Alternate translation: "from Jerusalem a fire will spread out to the rest of Israel." \ No newline at end of file +"from there a fire will spread out and burn up all the people of Israel." Yahweh speaks of how he will punish Israel as if he were going to set fire to a house and of the people of Israel as if they were the family that lives in that house but were at that time outside the house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/05.md b/ezk/05/05.md index 399b1a783f..a6d6db1d72 100644 --- a/ezk/05/05.md +++ b/ezk/05/05.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak. -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# Lord Yahweh -"This is what the Lord Yahweh says" or "The Lord Yahweh says this." This sentence introduces what the Lord says. +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). -## This is Jerusalem ## +# This is Jerusalem -The word "This" refers to the carving that represents Jerusalem (See: [Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md)) +"This carving represents Jerusalem" ([Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md)) -## in the midst of the nations ## +# in the midst of the nations -This refers to the privileged position that Jerusalem had compared to the other nations that were located nearby. +Possible meanings are 1) other nations were on all sides of Jerusalem or 2) "more important than all other nations." -## I have placed her ## +# I have placed her Jerusalem is referred to as "her" and "she." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## other lands ## +# other lands "the neighboring countries" or "the countries around her" -## they have rejected my judgments ## +# The people have rejected my judgments -"they have refused to obey my judgments." The word "they" refers to the people of Israel and Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +"The people of Israel and Jerusalem have refused to obey my judgments." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/07.md b/ezk/05/07.md index f87fce5881..fa885f6d10 100644 --- a/ezk/05/07.md +++ b/ezk/05/07.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah. -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# Lord Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](./05.md). +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). -## Because you are more troublesome than ## +# Because you are more troublesome than -Alternate translation: "because your sinfulness is worse than" or "because you are more unruly than" +"because your sinfulness is worse than" or "because you are more unruly than" -## that surround you ## +# that surround you -Alternate translation: "that are all around you." +"that are all around you." -## have not walked in my statues ## +# have not walked in my statutes -"have not lived according to my statues" or "have not obeyed my statutes" +Walking is a metaphor for the way a person lives. AT: "have not lived according to my statutes" or "have not obeyed my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## or acted according to my judgments ## +# or acted according to my decrees -This is a second thing that they have not done. Alternate translation: "and you have not acted according to my judgments." +"or obeyed my decrees" -## Behold ## +# Behold! -This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" -## I will execute judgments within your midst ## +# I will execute judgments within your midst -Alternate translations: "I will perform judgments among you" or "I will judge you in various ways" or "I will punish you" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +"I will judge you in various ways" or "I will punish you" . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/09.md b/ezk/05/09.md index e11515e9fb..19f30870f1 100644 --- a/ezk/05/09.md +++ b/ezk/05/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel and Judah +# General Information: -## what I have not done and the like of which I will not do again ## +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel and Jerusalem. -"as I have not done before and will not do in a similar way again" or "like I have never done before and will never do again" (UDB). +# what I have not done and the like of which I will not do again -## because of all your disgusting actions ## +"as I have not done before and will not do in a similar way again" or "like I have never done before and will never do again" . -"because of all the disgusting things you do." The people were worshiping idols and false gods, and God hated that they were doing that. +# because of all your disgusting actions -## I will execute judgment on you ## +"because of all the disgusting things you do." God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. -"I will judge you" or "I will punish you severely" (UDB) +# fathers will eat the children in your midst, and sons will eat their fathers -## and scatter to every direction all of you who are left ## +Ezekiel is probably telling what will really happen when the people have no food. -Alternate translations: and throw all of you who are left in all directions" or "I will send all of you who are left to go to different places." \ No newline at end of file +# I will execute judgment on you + +"I will judge you" or "I will punish you severely" + +# scatter to every direction all of you who are left + +"I will force all of you who are left to go to different places." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/11.md b/ezk/05/11.md index fb09647f99..7a637632f1 100644 --- a/ezk/05/11.md +++ b/ezk/05/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah. -## Therefore, as I live"--this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# as I live --this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration** - This can be reordered: "This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration. 'Therefore, as I live.'" +"as surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## as I live ## +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -"as surely as I live." God said this to show that what he was about to say was true. This can be translated as “as true as it is that I am alive, it is true that” +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## with all your hateful things ## +# Lord Yahweh -"with all of those things of yours that I hate." It can be made explicit that this refers to idols: "with all your idols, which I hate" or "with all your disgusting idols." (See: UDB and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). -## and with all your disgusting deeds ## +# defiled ... sanctuary -"and with all the disgusting things that you do" +ruined the place that Yahweh had set aside to be only for his use -## they will be consumed by famine in your midst ## +# with all your hateful things + +"with all of those things of yours that I hate." You may need to make explicit that this refers to idols: "with all your idols, which I hate" or "with all your disgusting idols." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# with all your disgusting deeds + +"with all the disgusting things that you do" + +# my eye will not have pity on you + +The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. AT: "I will not pity you" (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I will not spare you + +"I will surely punish you" + +# they will be consumed by famine in your midst "many of them will die because of famine" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/13.md b/ezk/05/13.md index 79c08a5fd6..259070cfa0 100644 --- a/ezk/05/13.md +++ b/ezk/05/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah. -## I will cause my fury toward them to rest ## +# my wrath will be completed -The word "fury" means violent anger, and here it refers to punishment. "I will stop punishing them." ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will no longer be angry because I will have done everything I wanted to do because I was angry" -## I will be satisfied ## +# I will cause my fury toward them to rest -"I will be satisfied that I have punished them enough" +The word "fury" means violent anger, and here it is a metonym for punishment. "I will stop punishing them because I will have punished them fully." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## when I have completed my fury against them ## +# I will be satisfied + +You may need to make explicit why Yahweh will be satisfied. AT: "I will be satisfied that I have punished them enough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# when I have completed my fury against them "when I have finished punishing them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/15.md b/ezk/05/15.md index 777dc4afa2..9688a35c2b 100644 --- a/ezk/05/15.md +++ b/ezk/05/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah. -## harsh arrows of famine ## +# in wrath and fury -"intense famine" +The words "wrath" and "fury" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is very angry. AT: "because I will be very angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## break your staff of bread! ## +# will send out harsh arrows of famine against you -A "staff" was something that people leaned upon to support them. This phrase is a metaphor which means "remove the supply of food that you are depending upon." AT: "cut off your food supply" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "arrows" is a metonym for the sharp pains that people feel when they have had no food for a long time. AT: "will make you feel the pain of intense hunger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## plague and blood will pass through you ## +# increase the famine on you -"plague and violent death will pass through you." This violent death would be caused by war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"make the famine more severe for you" or "make the famine last longer for you" or "make sure that there is less and less for you to eat" + +# break your staff of bread + +A "staff" was something that people leaned upon to support them. This phrase is a metaphor that means removing the supply of food that the people were depending upon. See how "staff of bread" is translated in [Ezekiel 4:16](../04/16.md). AT: "cut off your food supply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Plague and blood will pass through you + +Sickness and violent death are spoken of as if they were soldiers going through the city killing everyone they could. AT: "Many people will die of disease, and many others will die in war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I will bring a sword against you + +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: "I myself will cause soldiers to come and kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/05/intro.md b/ezk/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dcf3219a07 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Ezekiel 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The destruction of Jerusalem ##### +The destruction of Jerusalem is continued to be pictured in this chapter. Ezekiel showed the destruction of Jerusalem by fire and war. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/06/01.md b/ezk/06/01.md index 7a34616fd5..2f0af142d6 100644 --- a/ezk/06/01.md +++ b/ezk/06/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## The Word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +Yahweh is telling Ezekiel to speak to the mountains as if they were people so that the people of Israel would hear the words and know that Ezekiel's words were for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## Son of man ## +# The word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Set your face against ## +# Son of man -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md). +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## the mountains of Israel ## +# set your face against the mountains of Israel -"the mountains in the land of Israel." This refers to the people living in the mountains of Israel. +This is a command to stare at the mountains as a symbol of punishing the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/01.md). AT: "stare at the mountains of Israel" or "stare at the mountains of Israel so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# set your face against the mountains of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +The mountains of Israel were far away, so Ezekiel could not see them, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming it. AT: "turn toward the mountains of Israel and stare" or "stare toward the mountains of Israel so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Behold ## +# set your face -This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I am bringing a sword against you ## +# the mountains of Israel -The word "sword" here refers to war. Alternate translations: "I am bringing war against you" or "I will enemy soldiers against you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the mountains in the land of Israel" + +# Behold! + +"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" + +# Lord Yahweh + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). + +# I am bringing a sword against you + +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: "I am bringing soldiers to come and kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/06/04.md b/ezk/06/04.md index df31692bce..90b2ee3cfe 100644 --- a/ezk/06/04.md +++ b/ezk/06/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -## Then your altars will become desolate and your pillars will be destroyed ## +# Then your altars will become desolate and your pillars will be destroyed -"There will no longer be anyone to worship at your altars and your enemy will destroy your pillars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "People will no longer worship at your altars and your enemy will destroy your pillars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## your dead ## +# I will throw down ... I will lay ... and scatter -"your people who die" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh was speaking of sending soldiers ([Ezekiel 6:3](./01.md)) to do these things. AT: "I will send soldiers to throw down ... They will lay ... and scatter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your dead + +"your people who have died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/06/06.md b/ezk/06/06.md index 1fefd53865..377d65319b 100644 --- a/ezk/06/06.md +++ b/ezk/06/06.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -## cities will be laid waste ## +# cities will be laid waste -"Enemy armies will lay waste your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Enemy armies will lay waste your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the high places shall be desolate ## +# they will be broken -"no one will go to the high places any longer" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "enemy armies will break your altars" or "enemy armies will break them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they will be broken ## +# your pillars will be cut down -"your altars will be broken" or "enemy armies will break them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. See how you translated "pillars" in [Ezekiel 6:4](./04.md). AT: "they will cut down your pillars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## your pillars will be cut down ## +# your works will be wiped away -"they will cut down your pillars." See how you translated "pillars" in [Ezekiel 6:4](./04.md). +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one will remember what you have done" or "they will destroy everything you have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## your works will be wiped away ## - -"no one will remember what you have done" - -## The dead will fall down in your midst ## +# The dead will fall down in your midst "You will see the enemy kill many people" -## know that I am Yahweh ## +# know that I am Yahweh -Possible meanings are 1) "understand who I, Yahweh, am" or 2) "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or 3) "know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do the things that I say that I will do." (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/06/08.md b/ezk/06/08.md index 442d565392..13ef5f3d02 100644 --- a/ezk/06/08.md +++ b/ezk/06/08.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -## some who escape the sword ## +# some who escape the sword -"some who are not killed in battle." The sword represents being killed in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: "some whom the soldiers do not kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## when you are scattered throughout the countries ## +# when you are scattered throughout the countries -"when you go live in different countries" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "when I scatter you in different countries" or "when I force you to live in other countries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I was grieved ## +# I was grieved by their promiscuous heart that turned away from me -"I was saddened" +Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a woman who sleeps with many people. AT: "I was sad because they were like a wife who has left me to sleep with other men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## by their promiscuous heart that turned away from me ## +# by their eyes that whored after their idols -A promiscuous person is not faithful to the one they married but has many sexual partners. Alternate translations: "by their unfaithful heart that turned away from me" or "because they were like a promiscuous wife and left me" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a married woman who looks at other men and desires to sleep with them. AT: "by the way they desired strongly to worship idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## and by their eyes that prostituted after their idols ## +# they will show loathing on their face for the wickedness which they have committed -The people of Israel were like a prostitute because they were worshiping idols rather than God. Alternate translations: "and by their eyes that looked to idols and worshiped them" or "because they were like a prostitute and worship their idols" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## they will show loathing on their face for the wickedness which they have committed ## - -Possible meanings are 1) "they will hate themselves because of the wicked things they did" or 2) "they will hate the wicked things that they did." Alternate translation "Their faces will show their hatred for the wickedness that they did." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "their faces will show that they hate themselves because of the wicked things they have done" or 2) "their faces will show that they hate the wicked things that they have done." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/06/11.md b/ezk/06/11.md index 2cced86967..7c06feca85 100644 --- a/ezk/06/11.md +++ b/ezk/06/11.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to Ezekiel. -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# The Lord Yahweh says this -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. AT: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Clap your hands and stomp your foot ## +# Lord Yahweh -Ezekiel was to do this symbolic action to get the people's attention. This was not applause. +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). -## Alas ## +# Clap your hands and stomp your foot -The word "Alas" is used to express sadness. +Ezekiel was to do this symbolic action to get the people's attention. This was not applause. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## house of Israel ## +# Alas -"the people of Israel" +This word is spoken by those who see people doing bad things and realize that bad things will happen to the evildoers as a result. If your language has a similar word, you might want to use it here. -## For they will fall by sword, famine, and plague. ## +# the house of Israel -"For they will die by sword, famine, and plague." "Sword", "famine", and "plague" are the different ways that they will die. The word "sword" represents war. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will accomplish my fury against them ## +# they will fall by sword, famine, and plague. -"I will satisfy my anger against them" \ No newline at end of file +To "fall" is a euphemism for to "die." The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: + +# I will accomplish my fury against them + +"I will satisfy my anger against them" or "I will punish them until I am no longer angry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/06/13.md b/ezk/06/13.md index 3750587cf7..edab23a4f4 100644 --- a/ezk/06/13.md +++ b/ezk/06/13.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -## know that I am Yahweh ## +# around their altars, on every high hill -Possible meanings are 1) “understand who I, Yahweh, am” or 2) “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or 3) "realize that I, Yahweh, have done this" (UDB). +Another possible meaning is "around their altars, which are on every high hill." -## when their dead are in your midst ## +# hill—on all the mountain peaks, and under every flourishing tree and thick oak -"when the bodies of those who have been killed by the enemy are among you" +Another possible meaning is "hill, on all the mountain peaks, under every flourishing tree, and under every thick oak." -## under every flourishing tree and thick oak ## +# flourishing -The word "flourishing" describes something that is healthy and growing. An oak is a type of large tree. It is described as "thick" because it is large and old. +healthy and growing -## stretch out my arm ## +# oak -"strike them with my hand" (UDB). The word "arm" refers to God's power. AT: "cause them harm with my power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +a large tree with strong wood that provided shade for worshipers -## Diblah ## +# Diblah -Some early texts say Riblah. Riblah was the name of a city in the north. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +the name of a city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/06/intro.md b/ezk/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9015f3d6c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Shrines on the hill tops ##### + +God will destroy all those who have been worshiping idols at the hill top shrines. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/01.md b/ezk/07/01.md index 855168ffd3..7aebc166d2 100644 --- a/ezk/07/01.md +++ b/ezk/07/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + This starts God's prophecy of judgment on Israel. -## The Word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# The word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Son of man ## +# You, son of man -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# son of man -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" -## to the land of Israel ## +# the Lord Yahweh says this -"to the people of Israel". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. AT: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## the four borders of the land ## +# Lord Yahweh -This refers to the entire land of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). + +# to the land of Israel + +The word "land" is a metonym for the people who live on the land. AT: "to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# An end! + +"The end has come!" + +# the four borders of the land + +"the entire land" The "four borders" are to the north, east, south, and west. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/03.md b/ezk/07/03.md index eb597068b3..58b7d9841c 100644 --- a/ezk/07/03.md +++ b/ezk/07/03.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -## the end is upon you ## +# the end is upon you -"your life is finished" or "the end of your time has arrived" +The "end" is spoken of as if it were a robber attacking the people. AT: "your life is finished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## according to your ways ## +# I am sending out my wrath on you + +"Wrath" is spoken of as if it were an arrow that Yahweh was shooting at the people. AT: "I am angry, and I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# according to your ways "according to the things you do" or "because of the wicked things you do" -## I will bring all your abominations upon you ## +# I will bring all your abominations upon you -"I will make you experience the consequences of your disgusting behavior" or "I will punish you for doing those things that I hate so much" +"I will punish you for doing those things that I hate so much" -## abominations ## +# For my eyes will not pity you -This refers here to behavior that God hates. +The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. AT: "For I will not pity you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## For my eyes will not look compassionately at you ## +# I will bring your ways upon you -"For I will not look at you with compassion" +The way a person lives is spoken of as a path on which one walks. AT: "I will punish you for the things you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will bring your ways upon you ## +# your abominations will be in your midst -"I will make you experience the consequences of your bad behavior" or "I will punish you for the bad things you do." +Possible meanings are 1) "I will punish all of you because of your abominations" or 2) "this will happen as long as you continue to worship idols." -## your abominations will be in your midst ## +# know that I am Yahweh -1) "the consequences of your disgusting behavior will surround you" or 2) “your idols will be with you and powerless." Abominations here either refers to punishment for the behavior that God hates, or to their idols, which God hates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). \ No newline at end of file +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/05.md b/ezk/07/05.md index ca4cc2d85e..9d94b0c452 100644 --- a/ezk/07/05.md +++ b/ezk/07/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# The Lord Yahweh says this -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Disaster! Disaster after disaster! Behold, it is coming! ## +# Lord Yahweh -"Behold, many disasters are coming to you" or "Behold, many terrible things will happen to you." +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). -## Behold ## +# Disaster! A unique disaster! Behold, it is coming. -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translations: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +These exclamations are meant to make the passage very strong. AT: "Behold, a terrible disaster is coming, one that no one has ever experienced before" -## the end has woken up against you ## +# Behold + +The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# The end has woken up against you The judgment that is coming is treated as if it were an enemy waking up from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the mountains will no longer be joyful ## +# the mountains will no longer be joyful -"the people on the mountains will not have anymore joy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "mountains" is a metonym for the people who live on the mountains. AT: "the people on the mountains will not have any more joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/08.md b/ezk/07/08.md index 41b59805c2..53c182da09 100644 --- a/ezk/07/08.md +++ b/ezk/07/08.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel. -## Now before long ## +# Now before long "Very soon now" -## I will pour out my fury against you and fill up my wrath upon you ## +# I will pour out my fury against you and fill up my wrath upon you -God is using the terms "pour out" and "fill up" to compare his acting in anger and completing his punishment with pouring out water and filling a jar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh uses the terms "pour out" and "fill up" to speak of his anger as if it were water that he poured out into a jar. These phrases emphasize that Yahweh will punish the people severely. AT: "I will punish you severely because I am very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## fury ## +# fury "wrath" or "great anger" -## For my eye will not look compassionately ## +# For my eye will not look compassionately -The phrase "my eye" means God himself. "For I will not look with compassion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. AT: "I will not look on them with compassion" or "I will not be compassionate to them" (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## I will not spare you ## +# I will not spare you "I will not leave you without punishment" or "I will punish you" -## your abominations will be in your midst so you will know that I am Yahweh ## +# your abominations will be in your midst so you will know that I am Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 7:3](./03.md). - -## the one striking you ## - -"the one who is punishing you" \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 7:4](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/10.md b/ezk/07/10.md index 478bb40ab6..b3c5aa6f07 100644 --- a/ezk/07/10.md +++ b/ezk/07/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -## Behold ## +# Behold, the day! Behold, it is coming! -This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"Behold! The day is coming!" You may need to make explicit which day is coming. AT: "Behold! The day when I will punish you is coming!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The day is coming ## +# Behold -"The day of your punishment is coming." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## Doom has gone forth ## +# Doom has gone out -This shows the certainty that disasters will come to Israel. Alternate translations: "Disaster has begun to come to Israel" or "Terrible things have begun to happen." +"Disaster has begun to come to Israel" or "Terrible things have begun to happen" -## The rod has bloomed with the blossom of pride ## +# The rod has blossomed, arrogance has budded -"A flower has begun to grow on the stick and it has grown big with pride." Here the rod represents either Israel or violence. Possible meanings are 1) "The people of Israel have grown very proud" or "The people of Israel have become very violent and very proud." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "The people of Israel have grown very proud" or "The people of Israel have become very violent and very proud." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Violence has grown up into a rod of wickedness ## +# Violence has grown up into a rod of wickedness "The people's violence has led them to do more wicked things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/12.md b/ezk/07/12.md index babf72952f..e77ffe2840 100644 --- a/ezk/07/12.md +++ b/ezk/07/12.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -## The time is coming; the day has drawn near ## +# The time is coming; the day has come close -Both "The time" and "the day" refer to the time when God will punish the people of Israel. Alternative translation: "Israel's punishment will happen very soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Both "The time" and "the day" refer to the time when God will punish the people of Israel. AT: "Israel's punishment will happen very soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the vision is against the entire multitude ## +# my anger is on the entire multitude -"what God has shown will happen to the the multitude" +"I am angry with the whole multitude" -## multitude ## +# multitude a very large number of people. Here it refers to the people of Israel. -## as long as they live ## +# as long as they both live -The word "they" refers to the people of Israel who sell things. +as long as "the buyer" and "the seller" (7:12) both live -## they will not return ## +# the vision concerning the entire multitude will not be reversed -"they will not go back to Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"God will surely do to the multitude what he has shown me" -## no man living in his sin will be strengthened ## +# none of them will be strengthened -The word "strengthened" refers to God's helping a person to keep going when things are hard through hope, encouragement and physical energy. "no one alive who keeps disobeying God will be helped by God." \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "God will not strengthen any of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/14.md b/ezk/07/14.md index 805cfc2ced..2e254f3eb2 100644 --- a/ezk/07/14.md +++ b/ezk/07/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -## They have blown the trumpet ## +# They have blown the trumpet "They have blown the trumpet to call people to fight against the enemy" -## A sword is on the outside ## +# my anger is on the entire multitude -A sword represents battle or war. Alternate translation: "There is fighting outside." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"I am angry with the whole multitude." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 7:12](./12.md). -## plague and famine are inside the building ## +# The sword is on the outside -The building probably refers to the city. +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: -## while famine and plague will consume those in the city ## +# the building -Here the word "consume" means "totally destroy." Alternate translation: "and most of the people in the city will die from hunger and sickness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +the city -## Like doves of the valleys, all of them will moan ## +# while famine and plague will consume those in the city -Doves make a low-pitched noise that sounds like a moan. A moan is the sound a person makes when he has constant pain or deep sadness. \ No newline at end of file +The word "consume" is a metaphor for "totally destroy." AT: "and most of the people in the city will die from hunger and sickness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Like doves of the valleys, all of them will moan + +Doves make a low-pitched noise that sounds like the sound a person makes when he is in constant pain or deep sadness. AT: "They will all be so sad that they will moan, and the sound will be as if they were a flock of doves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/17.md b/ezk/07/17.md index 53de2304a8..ca2438db3b 100644 --- a/ezk/07/17.md +++ b/ezk/07/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -## and terror will cover them ## +# Every hand will falter and every knee will be weak as water -"they will be full of fear" or "and they will be very afraid" +The hands and knees are synecdoches for the people themselves. AT: "Everyone will be so terrified that they will be unable to work and their knees will become weak so that they cannot stand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## in the day of Yahweh's rage ## +# falter + +fail to do what it is supposed to do + +# every knee will be weak as water + +Another possible translation is, "every knee will flow with water," a euphemism for all the people losing control of their bladders because they are so frightened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# knee ... weak as water + +Water cannot stand up, and the people's knees will be so weak that the people are unable to stand on their legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# terror will cover them + +Terror is spoken of as if it were clothing. AT: "everyone will see how terrified they are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# baldness on all of their heads + +Shaving the head was a sign of sadness. AT: "all of them will shave their heads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the day of Yahweh's rage "in the day when Yahweh acts on his anger" or "when Yahweh punishes them" -## and their stomachs will not be filled ## +# the day -"and they will have no food to eat" \ No newline at end of file +This can be a time period of more or less than one 24-hour day. + +# their hunger will not be satisfied + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they will not be able to satisfy their hunger" or "they will still be hungry even after they eat all they have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their iniquity has become a stumbling block + +Possible meanings are 1) "because having a lot of gold and silver has led them to sin" or 2) "because they are evil, they are committing sins that show how evil they are." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/20.md b/ezk/07/20.md index 7d4cd81315..a70f915124 100644 --- a/ezk/07/20.md +++ b/ezk/07/20.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -## detestable acts ## +# with them -This refers to acts that God hates and that people should hate. +with the jeweled ornaments -## I will give those things into the hand of strangers ## +# I will give those things into the hand of strangers -The word "hand" is used to refer to control. "I will give those idols into the control of people they don't know" or "I will give those idols to people they don't know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "hand" is used to refer to control. "I will give those idols into the control of people they do not know" or "I will give those idols to people they do not know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## plunder ## +# plunder things that are stolen or taken by force -## they will defile them ## +# they will defile them The strangers and wicked people will defile the idols that the people of Israel had made. -## I will turn my face away ## +# I will turn my face away "I will not pay attention" or "I will look away" or "I will not notice" -## my cherished place ## +# my cherished place -"the place I love." This refers to God's temple. \ No newline at end of file +"the place I love." This refers to God's temple. + +# bandits + +"robbers." This word refers to violent men who steal and destroy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/23.md b/ezk/07/23.md index 35a85e7e43..2916869584 100644 --- a/ezk/07/23.md +++ b/ezk/07/23.md @@ -1,33 +1,43 @@ -These are Yahweh's words about Israel. +# General Information: -## Make a chain ## +These are Yahweh's words to Ezekiel about Israel. + +# Make a chain Chains are used to hold slaves or prisoners. God says this to show the people that they will become slaves or prisoners. -## the land is filled with the judgment of blood ## +# the land is filled with the judgment of blood -"everywhere in the country God is judging people because they violently killed others." The word "blood" here represents murder and death. +Possible meanings are 1) "everywhere in the country God is judging people because they violently killed others" or 2) "the courts everywhere in the country are murdering people." The word "blood" here represents murder and death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the city is full of violence ## +# the city is full of violence -"violence is everywhere in the city" or "many people in the city are doing violent things to others" +The city is spoken of as if it were a container, and violence is spoken of as an object that can be put in a container. The abstract noun "violence" can be translated as a verb. AT: "violence is everywhere in the city" or "many people in the city are doing violent things to others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## and they will possess their houses ## +# they will possess their houses -"the wicked will take the houses of Israel" +the wicked will take the Israelites' houses -## I will bring an end to the pride of the mighty ## +# I will bring an end to the pride of the mighty -I will cause the powerful people in Israel to stop being proud of themselves" +"I will cause the powerful people in Israel to stop being proud of themselves" -## their holy places will be defiled! ## +# their holy places will be defiled! -"Enemies will defile the places where you worship." +This can be translated in active form. AT: "enemies will defile the places where they worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Fear will come ## +# their holy places + +the places in which they worshiped idols + +# Fear will come "The people will be afraid" -## They will seek peace ## +# They will seek peace -"They will hope for peace" or "They will try to make peace with their enemies" \ No newline at end of file +"They will try to make peace with their enemies" + +# but there will be none + +"but they will be unable to make peace with their enemies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/26.md b/ezk/07/26.md index f98b4e07f5..8aac5f9351 100644 --- a/ezk/07/26.md +++ b/ezk/07/26.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words about Israel. -## They will seek a vision from the prophet ## +# Disaster upon disaster will come -"They will ask the prophets what visions they have seen." +Disaster is spoken of as if it could move by itself. AT: "One disaster after another will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the Law will perish from the priest and counsel from the elders ## +# they will seek a vision from the prophet -"The priests will not teach the Law and the elders will not be able to give good counsel." This is because God will not give them wisdom. +"they will ask the prophets what visions they have seen" -## the prince will dress in despair ## +# the law will perish from the priest and advice from the elders -"The prince will be full of despair" or "the prince will not have any hope." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"The priests will not teach the law, and the elders will not be able to give good advice." This is because God will not give them wisdom. -## hands of the people of the land will tremble in fear ## +# the prince -"the people of the land will be so afraid that their hands will tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "the king's son" or 2) every male member of the royal family except the king. -## know that I am Yahweh ## +# will dress in despair -Possible meanings are 1) “understand who I, Yahweh, am” or 2) “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or 3) “know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do what I say that I will do.” (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) clothing is a metonym for what a person feels, "will have no hope," or 2) "will dress in clothes that show he is mourning." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hands of the people of the land will tremble in fear + +The word "hands" is a synecdoche for the people. AT: "the people of the land will be so afraid that their hands will tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/07/intro.md b/ezk/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9331286325 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 07 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Now is the time for punishment ##### + +The people will be punished severely for their idol worship and the temple will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/01.md b/ezk/08/01.md index cd679bbd13..ce24549234 100644 --- a/ezk/08/01.md +++ b/ezk/08/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Ezekiel tells about another vision he saw. -## So it came about ## +# So it came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## the hand of the Lord Yahweh again fell on me ## +# in the sixth year -The word "hand" is often used to refer to power or actions. AT: "the power of Yahweh began to control me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +You may need to make explicit the time period of which this is the sixth year. AT: "in the sixth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## glowing metal ## +# the sixth month, in the fifth day of the month -When metal is very hot, it glows with a yellow or orange light. \ No newline at end of file +This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is near the beginning of September on Western calendars. AT: "the fifth day of the sixth month." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the hand of the Lord Yahweh again fell upon me + +This should be translated literally, as Ezekiel later sees something like a hand. Others may choose to consider the hand a metaphor for Yahweh's presence or power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Lord Yahweh + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). + +# fell upon + +"took hold of" + +# a likeness with the appearance of a man + +Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man. Both "likeness" and "appearance" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "there was someone who appeared to be a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# glowing metal + +When metal is very hot, it glows with a yellow or orange light. + +# the appearance of his hips ... the appearance of something shining + +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "what appeared to be his hips ... what appeared to be something shining" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/03.md b/ezk/08/03.md index db8f3040af..841646cfaa 100644 --- a/ezk/08/03.md +++ b/ezk/08/03.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Ezekiel continues telling about the vision from God. -## between earth and heaven ## +# he reached out -"between the ground and sky" +The word "he" probably refers to the "figure like a man" ([Ezekiel 8:2](./01.md)). -## in visions from God, he brought me to Jerusalem ## +# between earth and heaven -The words "in visions" mean that this experience is happening in Ezekiel's thoughts. He would still be in his home while God shows him these things. +"between the ground and the sky" -## the inner Northern Gate ## +# in visions from God, he brought me to Jerusalem -"the inner Northern Gate of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The words "in visions" mean that this experience is happening in Ezekiel's thoughts. His body would still be in his home while God shows him these things. -## the idol that provokes great jealousy ## +# the inner northern gate -"the idol that causes great jealousy" or "the idol that causes God to be jealous" +"the inner northern gate of the temple." The temple was surrounded by two walls, one inside the other. This gate was on the north side of the inner wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## whose appearance was the same as I had seen in the plain ## +# the idol that provokes great jealousy -"who looked the same as the one I had seen in the plain" +"the idol that causes God to be very jealous" -## the plain ## +# according to the vision I had seen on the plain + +Possible meanings are 1) "who looked the same as what I had seen in the vision that I saw when I was on the plain" or 2) "who looked the same as what I saw when I was on the plain." + +# the plain a large area of flat land that has few trees. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/05.md b/ezk/08/05.md index b2183f51f1..4094014643 100644 --- a/ezk/08/05.md +++ b/ezk/08/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## lift up your eyes ## +# General Information: -"look" or "turn your head and look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The "figure like a man" ([Ezekiel 8:2](./01.md)) speaks to Ezekiel. -## do you see what they are doing ## +# Son of man -God uses this question to bring Ezekiel's attention to what the people were doing. Alternate translation: "do you understand what the people here are doing." \ No newline at end of file +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lift up your eyes ... lifted up my eyes + +This idiom means that he should look towards something. AT: "look up ... looked up" or "turn your head and look ... turned my head and looked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# gate leading to the altar + +"gate through which people would walk so they could go to the altar" + +# do you see what they are doing? + +God uses this question to bring Ezekiel's attention to what the people were doing. AT: "I want you to understand why I hate what the people here are doing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/07.md b/ezk/08/07.md index 5642f16b75..fc098738b7 100644 --- a/ezk/08/07.md +++ b/ezk/08/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the courtyard ## +# the courtyard -"the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +You may need to make explicit which courtyard. "the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/10.md b/ezk/08/10.md index 29c9eec189..ef54a87bc9 100644 --- a/ezk/08/10.md +++ b/ezk/08/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. +This word shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. Your language may have a different word to show this. -## every form of creeping thing and detestable beast ## +# every form of creeping thing and detestable beast "carvings in the wall of all kinds of creeping animals and detestable beasts." The phrase "creeping thing" refer to insects and other small animals. -## the house of Israel ## +# the house of Israel -"the people of Israel." See how you translated it in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Jaazaniah, the son of Shaphan ## +# the wall all around -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +You may need to make explicit which wall. AT: "the wall all around the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## censer ## +# Jaazaniah ... Shaphan -a pan that people use for burning incense in when they worship God or false gods \ No newline at end of file +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# censer + +a pan that people burn incense in when they worship God or false gods \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/12.md b/ezk/08/12.md index fb26430d97..0519a75b0d 100644 --- a/ezk/08/12.md +++ b/ezk/08/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## do you see what the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the dark ## +# do you see what the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the dark? -God asked this question so that Ezekiel can agree with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +God is commanding Ezekiel to look at what the elders are doing. AT: "look at what the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the dark." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the house of Israel ## +# the house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## hidden chambers ## +# the hidden chamber of his idol -private rooms that are hard to find and get into \ No newline at end of file +"the room where no one can see him worship his idol" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/14.md b/ezk/08/14.md index ec40348e01..19f4563882 100644 --- a/ezk/08/14.md +++ b/ezk/08/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the entrance of the gate of Yahweh's house that was on the north side ## +# the entrance of the gate of Yahweh's house that was on the north side -This was the outer north gate--not the same one as in [Ezekiel 8:3](./03.md). See the UDB. +This was the outer north gate—not the same one as in [Ezekiel 8:3](./03.md). -## behold ## +# behold! -The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. +This word shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. -## mourning for Tammuz ## +# mourning for Tammuz -"grieving because the false god Tammuz had died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +grieving because the false god Tammuz had died (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Do you see this ... man? + +Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. AT: "Think about this ... man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/16.md b/ezk/08/16.md index 4906f6183f..749a515984 100644 --- a/ezk/08/16.md +++ b/ezk/08/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## behold ## +# behold! -The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. +This word shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. -## portico ## +# portico -an open building that has a roof and columns that support it, but no walls +covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support -## and their faces toward the east ## +# their faces toward the east -"and they were looking toward the east" - -## Shamesh ## - -This is the name of a false god that the people of Babylon worshiped. He was known as the sun god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"they were looking toward the east" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/17.md b/ezk/08/17.md index c5c5669f62..cc86700fb8 100644 --- a/ezk/08/17.md +++ b/ezk/08/17.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## Is it a little thing for the house of Judah to do these abominations that they are doing here ## +# Do you see this ... man? -God uses this question to show his anger that the people of Judah do not think that worshiping idols is very bad. Alternate translation: Do the people of Judah think that their abominations are not serious?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. AT: "Think about this ... man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## they have filled the land with violence ## +# Is it a little thing for the house of Judah to do these abominations that they are doing here? + +God uses this question to show that he is right to be angry at the people of Judah. AT: "I am right to be angry at the house of Judah because of these abominations that they are doing here." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Judah people group" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they have filled the land with violence "throughout the country they are doing violent things or "all over the country they are attacking one another" -## to provoke me to anger ## +# to provoke me to anger "to make me angry" -## holding up branches to their noses ## +# putting the branch to their noses -This may mean "holding up branches to their nose in false worship." +Possible meanings are 1) the people were using the branches in false worship or 2) the people were using the branches to show rebellion against Yahweh. The words "branch to ... noses" may be a literal tree branch and literal noses, or they could be the term for a hand gesture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I will not spare them ## +# my eye will not have compassion -"I will still punish them." +The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. AT: "I will not look on them with compassion" or "I will not be compassionate to them" (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Though they cry in my ears with a loud voice ## +# I will not spare them -Alternate translation: "Though they yell their prayers to me with a loud voice" +"I will still punish them" -## I will not hear them ## +# Though they cry in my ears with a loud voice -I will not listen to them \ No newline at end of file +"Though they yell their prayers to me with a loud voice" + +# I will not hear them + +"I will not listen to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/08/intro.md b/ezk/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89f441d117 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Judah's sin ##### + +The people have contaminated the temple with their worship of other gods and through their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/09/01.md b/ezk/09/01.md index f4ef6fabe5..f815f73739 100644 --- a/ezk/09/01.md +++ b/ezk/09/01.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision God gave him. It started in [Ezekiel 8:1](../08/01.md). -## he cried in my hearing ## +# he cried in my hearing "I heard him call out" -## guards ## +# he cried -people who who protect something. +the "figure like a man" ([Ezekiel 8:2](../08/01.md)) cried -## weapon of destruction ## +# weapon of destruction weapon for destroying people or things -## weapon of slaughter ## +# weapon of slaughter weapon for killing many people -## Behold ## +# behold -The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as "Indeed." +"what I am about to say is important" -## linen ## +# the upper gate that faces north -a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. Alternate translation: "smooth cloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +"the upper northern gate" or "the north gate of the inner court" -## scribe's equipment ## +# linen -tools that scribes use to write with +a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. AT: "smooth cloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## bronze ## +# scribe's equipment -A dark gold-colored metal. It is made from mostly copper with tin added for strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +tools that scribes write with + +# bronze + +A dark gold-colored metal. It is made from mostly copper with tin added for strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/09/03.md b/ezk/09/03.md index 5b7a04fda7..8add539556 100644 --- a/ezk/09/03.md +++ b/ezk/09/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## threshold of the house ## +# from the cherubim where it had been + +Possible meanings are 1) "from above the four winged creatures" ([Ezekiel 1:5](../01/04.md)) or 2) from between the two cherubim in the most holy place in the temple. Try to translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# threshold of the house The "house" refers to God's temple. -## linen ## +# linen -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:1](./01.md). +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](./01.md). -## scribe's equipment ## +# scribe's equipment -see how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:1](./01.md). +tools that scribes write with. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](./01.md). -## groan and sigh ## +# groan and sigh -These are sounds people make when they feel very sad or stressed about something. +These are sounds people make when they feel very sad or grieved about something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the abominations being peformed in the midst of the city ## +# the abominations being performed in the midst of the city "the horrible things being done in the city" or "the detestable things that people are doing in the city \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/09/05.md b/ezk/09/05.md index 5920622f72..36b5b6ca97 100644 --- a/ezk/09/05.md +++ b/ezk/09/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## he spoke to the others within my hearing ## +# he spoke to the others within my hearing -The word "others" refers to the guards. (See: [Ezekiel 9:1](./01.md)) +The word "others" refers to the guards ([Ezekiel 9:1](./01.md)). -## Do not let your eyes have compassion ## +# Do not let your eyes have compassion -"Do not have compassion on the people you see." +The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. AT: "Do not have compassion" (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## do not spare ## +# do not spare "do not refrain from killing" -## mark on his head ## +# mark on his head -These were the people who groaned about the abominations happening in Jerusalem. See how you translated "mark" in [Ezekiel 9:3](./03.md). +These were the people who groaned about the abominations happening in Jerusalem. See how you translated "mark" in [Ezekiel 9:4](./03.md). -## Begin at my sanctuary ## +# Begin at my sanctuary -"Begin to kill the ones who do not have the mark at my sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +You may need to make explicit what the people are to begin to do at the sanctuary. AT: "Begin to kill the ones who do not have the mark at my sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the elders + +Possible meanings are 1) the "seventy elders of the house of Israel" ([Ezekiel 8:11](../08/10.md)) or 2) any "old man" (see the beginning of the verse). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/09/07.md b/ezk/09/07.md index c1ebece463..6d7117d255 100644 --- a/ezk/09/07.md +++ b/ezk/09/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + God continuing to speak to the guards judging the people of Israel. -## struck the city ## +# the house -"attacked the city" or "attacked the people in the city" +the temple -## And as they were striking it ## +# attacked the city -"And as they were attacking it" +The word "city" is a metonym for the people in the city. AT: "attacked the people in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I fell on my face ## +# I fell on my face -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:22](../03/22.md) +"I bowed down to the ground" or "I lay on the ground." Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Alas, Lord Yahweh ## +# Ah, Lord Yahweh -Ezekiel says this because he is very troubled by what the Lord told the men to do to Jerusalem. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:14](../04/14.md). +Ezekiel says this because he is very troubled by what the Lord told the men to do to Jerusalem. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:14](../04/14.md). -## in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem ## +# will you destroy all the remnant of Israel in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem? -"when you pour out your wrath on Jerusalem" or "when you act in your anger against Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Ezekiel is pleading with Yahweh not to destroy the remnant. AT: "please do not destroy all the remnant of Israel in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem + +Wrath is spoken of as if it were a liquid that Yahweh could pour out of a container. The word "Jerusalem" is a metonym for the people in the city. The abstract noun "outpouring" can be translated as a verb. AT: "when you pour out your wrath on Jerusalem" or "when you punish the people of Jerusalem because you are very angry with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/09/09.md b/ezk/09/09.md index d7c2a1c85b..d08980df45 100644 --- a/ezk/09/09.md +++ b/ezk/09/09.md @@ -1,35 +1,31 @@ -## house of Israel ## +# the house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## exceedingly great ## +# exceedingly great "very great" -## The land is full of blood ## +# The land is full of blood and the city full of perversions -"the land is full of violence" or "All over the land people are killing people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "land" is spoken of as if it were a container filled with blood. Here "blood" is metonym for murder. And "city" is spoken of as if it were a container and "perversions" were the contents inside of it. AT: "All over the land people are killing innocent people, and all over the city people are doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the city full of perversions ## +# my eye will not look with compassion -Possible meanings are 1) "the city is full of people who pervert justice" or 2) "the city is full of people who do perverse things." Alternate translations: "the city is full of people who act unjustly" (UDB) or "the city has many people who do wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. AT: "I will not look on them with compassion" or "I will not be compassionate to them" (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## my eye will not look with compassion ## +# bring it all on their heads -"I will not look on them with compassion" or "I will not be compassionate to them." The eye here refers to how he regards people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +To bring someone's conduct on him represents punishing him for his bad conduct. AT: "punishing them as they deserve" -## bring it all on their heads ## +# Behold -"bring the effects of what they have done on their heads." It means "I will repay them for what they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"Pay attention to what I am about to say" -## behold ## +# linen -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as “Indeed.” +a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](./01.md). AT: "smooth cloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## linen ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:1](./01.md). - -## He reported and said ## +# He reported and said "He reported to Yahweh and told him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/09/intro.md b/ezk/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b8f6bdb238 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sorrow over sin ##### + +God was looking for people who were sad that there was so much evil being done. Yahweh would keep these faithful people from being killed with the rest of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/01.md b/ezk/10/01.md index 7073e17d18..2c6b9a9dc9 100644 --- a/ezk/10/01.md +++ b/ezk/10/01.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that started in [Ezekiel 8:1](../08/01.md). -## towards the dome ## +# toward the dome "toward the curved roof" -## cherubim ## +# cherubim See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md). -## like a sapphire ## +# like a sapphire -A sapphire is a valuable stone of blue or green color. +a valuable blue or green gemstone -## with the appearance of the likeness of a throne ## +# with the appearance of the likeness of a throne -"that looked like a throne" +"that looked like something that looked like a throne." Ezekiel is not willing to say for sure that it looked like a throne. -## man dressed in linen ## +# linen -See how you translated the word "linen" in [Ezekiel 9:1](../09/01.md). +a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/01.md). AT: "smooth cloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## Go between the wheels ## +# Go between the wheels -See how you translated the word "wheels" in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md). +Translate the word "wheels" as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md). -## fiery coals ## +# fiery coals -Coals are the burned pieces of wood left over after a fire. They are black, but they glow red and orange when they are very hot. +Coals are the burned pieces of wood left over after a fire. They are black, but they glow red and orange when they are very hot. They are also called charcoal. -## scatter them over the city ## +# scatter them over the city "sprinkle them over the city" or "spread them over the city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/03.md b/ezk/10/03.md index 6319e875f7..865cf918b1 100644 --- a/ezk/10/03.md +++ b/ezk/10/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## cherubim ## +# Connecting Statement: -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:3](./03.md). +Ezekiel interrupts his description of what was happening and describes what he saw. -## it filled the house ## +# The cherubim stood ... inner courtyard -The word "it" refers to the glory of God. \ No newline at end of file +This is background information for the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# cherubim + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md). + +# on the right side + +As one faces east, "the right side" is toward the south. AT: "on the south side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the house + +the temple + +# The glory of Yahweh + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/27.md). + +# It filled + +the glory of Yahweh filled \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/06.md b/ezk/10/06.md index 86849caf0a..c27a06686b 100644 --- a/ezk/10/06.md +++ b/ezk/10/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## it came about ## +# It came about -This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark when the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## when God commanded the man dressed in linen and said ## +# when God commanded the man dressed in linen and said -This is a repeat of the information that was given in [Ezekiel 10:1](./01.md). After talking about the cherubim and God's glory in 10:3-5, Ezekiel returns to telling about the man that was wearing linen. +This is a repeat of the information that was given in [Ezekiel 10:2](./01.md). After talking about the cherubim and God's glory in 10:3-5, Ezekiel returns to telling about the man who was wearing linen. -## the man dressed in linen ## +# the man dressed in linen -See how you translated the word “linen” in [Ezekiel 9:1](../09/01.md). +Translate "linen" as in [Ezekiel 9:1](../09/01.md). -## beside a wheel ## +# beside a wheel -See how you translated the word “wheel” in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md). +Translate "wheel" as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md). -## I saw on the cherubim something like a man’s hand under their wings ## +# I saw on the cherubim something like a man's hand under their wings "I saw that the cherubim had something like a man's hand under their wings" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/09.md b/ezk/10/09.md index c922856b7e..8596f32eaf 100644 --- a/ezk/10/09.md +++ b/ezk/10/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. +Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw -## wheels ## +# wheels See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md). -## cherubim ## +# cherubim -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:1](./01.md). +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md). -## like a beryl stone ## +# cherub -"Beryl" is a very hard, valuable stone. This beryl was probably green or blue. Emerald is the green type of beryl and aquamarine is the blue type of beryl. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +This is the singular form of "cherubim." -## a wheel intersecting another wheel ## +# the appearance of the wheels was like a beryl stone -The word "intersecting" means "crossing" or "meeting" or "touching." +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "the wheels appeared to be like a beryl stone" or "what appeared to be wheels were like a beryl stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## where the head faced ## +# beryl stone -"where the cherub's head was facing" or "where the cherub's face was looking" \ No newline at end of file +"Beryl" is a very hard, valuable stone. This beryl was probably green or blue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Their appearance was the same likeness for all four of them + +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. The abstract noun "likeness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "All four of them appeared to be similar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a wheel intersecting another wheel + +The word "intersecting" means "crossing" or "passing through." + +# they went in any of their four directions + +Possible meanings are 1) "their" refers to the creatures. AT: "they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards" or 2) "their" refers to the wheels. + +# whatever direction the head faced, they followed + +Possible meanings for "the head" are 1) this refers to the winged creatures. AT: "they went in whatever direction the winged creatures were looking" or 2) this refers to the front wheel. AT: "they followed in whatever direction the front wheel went" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/12.md b/ezk/10/12.md index aa71f90f6c..4cd78cb52d 100644 --- a/ezk/10/12.md +++ b/ezk/10/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Their whole body ## +# Their whole body "The whole bodies of the cherubim" -## wheels ## +# wheels -See how you translated the word “wheels” in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md). +Translate the word "wheels" as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md). -## the wheels were called, "Whirling." ## +# the wheels were called, "Whirling." -The word "Whirling" means "Spinning." Here it is the name of the wheels. +The word "Whirling" means "Spinning." Here it is the name of the wheels. This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone called the wheels, 'Whirling.'" or "the name of the wheels was 'Whirling.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They had four faces each ## +# They had four faces each -"Each cherub had four faces" or "Each of the cherubim had four faces" - -## cherub ## - -See how you translated cherubim in [Ezekiel 10:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +"Each cherub had four faces" or "Each of the cherubim had four faces." Each creature had a face on the front, a face on the back, and a face on each side of its head. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:6](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/15.md b/ezk/10/15.md index c6bde3e6bb..c9694c6b32 100644 --- a/ezk/10/15.md +++ b/ezk/10/15.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## cherubim ## +# cherubim -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:10](../01/10.md) +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md). -## living creatures ## +# living creatures See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:13](../01/13.md). -## Chebar canal ## +# the Kebar Canal -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). +This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). -## rose up ## +# rose up "went up into the air" -## They still stayed beside them ## +# They still stayed beside them -"The wheels stayed with the cherubim." Alternate translation: "The wheels moved with the cherubim." +"The wheels stayed with the cherubim." AT: "The wheels moved with the cherubim" -## stood still ## +# stood still "stayed still" or "did not move" -## the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels ## +# the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels -Possible meanings: 1) "the spirit of the living creatures controlled the wheels" or 2) "the spirit of the living creature was the same as the spirit in the wheels" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Ezekiel is speaking of the "creatures" of verse 15 as if they were one creature. AT: "the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels" or 2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. AT: "the spirit of life was in the wheels" or "the living spirit was in the wheels" or 3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:20](../01/19.md). AT: "the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/18.md b/ezk/10/18.md index 0a468fe26d..af196b650a 100644 --- a/ezk/10/18.md +++ b/ezk/10/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## the glory of Yahweh ## +# the glory of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:12](../03/12.md). +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/27.md). -## the house ## +# the house -This refers to God's temple. +the temple -## stood over ## +# stood over -"stayed over" +"stayed over" or "waited over" -## stood ## - -Here the word "stood" means "halted" or "waited." - -## came upon them from above ## +# came upon them from above "went above the cherubim" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/20.md b/ezk/10/20.md index 8e28d1d768..0ffda9523b 100644 --- a/ezk/10/20.md +++ b/ezk/10/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the living creatures ## +# the living creatures See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:13](../01/13.md). -## Chebar canal ## +# the Kebar Canal -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). +This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). -## went straight ahead ## +# the likeness of human hands + +Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like human hands. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "something that looked like human hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the likeness of their faces was like the faces that I had seen + +The abstract noun "likeness" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "their faces looked like the faces that I had seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# went straight ahead "faced forward" or "looked directly ahead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/10/intro.md b/ezk/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..99be35666d --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God left the temple ##### + +God now abandoned Judah, and left the temple. This was devastating to the religious life of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/01.md b/ezk/11/01.md index 75c8f312e1..2293ce260e 100644 --- a/ezk/11/01.md +++ b/ezk/11/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that started in [Ezekiel 8:1](../08/01.md). -## behold ## +# to the eastern gate of Yahweh's house, facing east -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +This gate was part of the wall that surrounded the temple area. AT: "the gate on the eastern side of the wall surrounding Yahweh's house" or "the gate on the eastern wall of the temple courtyard" -## Yahweh's house ## +# Yahweh's house -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this phrase in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). + +# behold + +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# twenty-five men + +"25 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jaazaniah son of Azzur and Pelatiah son of Benaiah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# among them + +"among the twenty-five men" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/02.md b/ezk/11/02.md index 89a241430f..04f4ba501c 100644 --- a/ezk/11/02.md +++ b/ezk/11/02.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision. -## Son of man ## +# Son of man -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## this city is the pot, and we are the meat ## +# The time to build houses is not now -The wall around the city protects the people as a pot protects the food in it. AT: "This city is like a pot that will protect us as a pot protects meat." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This shows the people feel so secure they are not worried about building houses now. Other versions of the Bible read, "Now is the time to build our houses." This would mean that the people want to build houses because they feel secure. -## the pot ## +# this city is the pot, and we are the meat + +The people speak of themselves as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. The metaphor suggests that they are important and safe within the city. AT: "This city is like a pot that will protect us as a pot protects meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the pot Possible meanings are 1) a pot for storing meat or 2) a pot for cooking meat. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/05.md b/ezk/11/05.md index d925fd0fef..a9796b5385 100644 --- a/ezk/11/05.md +++ b/ezk/11/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to talk to the prophet Ezekiel. -## house of Israel ## +# the Spirit of Yahweh fell on me -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +Ezekiel speaks of the Spirit of Yahweh inspiring and empowering him to prophesy as if the Spirit of Yahweh fell upon him. AT: "the Spirit of Yahweh empowered me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## as you are saying ## +# That is what you are saying -God was referring to what the people were saying in 11:3. AT: "It will be as you are saying" or "You are saying those things" +"You are saying these things." This refers to what the people were saying in [Ezekiel 11:3](./02.md). -## The people you have killed...are the meat, and this city is the pot ## +# house of Israel -AT: "The people you have killed ... are like the meat in the pot, and this city is the pot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "Israelites" or "Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The people you have killed ... are the meat, and this city is the pot + +Yahweh speaks of the people whom they have killed as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 11:3](./02.md). AT: "The people you have killed ... are like the meat in the pot, and this city is like the pot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# But you are going to be brought out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But I am going to bring you out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/08.md b/ezk/11/08.md index 1f60e86fa4..64fd4294cb 100644 --- a/ezk/11/08.md +++ b/ezk/11/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -## You have feared the sword ## +# You have feared the sword, so I am bringing the sword upon you -The word "sword" refers to war. AT: "You have feared war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: "You have feared war, so I am bringing enemy armies to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## put you into the hands of foreigners ## +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh -The word "hands" here refers to power or control. AT:"I will put you into the power of foreigners" or "I will make foreigners capture you" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## along the border of Israel ## +# put you into the hands of foreigners -"along the edge of Israel" +Here the metonym "hands" represents power or control. AT: "put you into the power of foreigners" or "enable foreigners to capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## will know that I am Yahweh ## +# You will fall by the sword -See how to translate this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md) \ No newline at end of file +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: "They will kill you with their swords" or "You will die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/11.md b/ezk/11/11.md index 0792e0f697..1c9b6bdc3a 100644 --- a/ezk/11/11.md +++ b/ezk/11/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -## This city will not be your cooking pot, nor will you be the meat ## +# This city will not be your cooking pot, nor will you be the meat -See note in [Ezekiel 11:2](./02.md). +The people had spoken of themselves as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. Yahweh says that this is not true. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 11:3](./02.md). AT: "This city is not like a pot that will protect you as a pot protects meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## within the borders ## +# within the borders of Israel -This expression uses the borders to represent Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"in the land of Israel" -## borders ## +# the one whose statutes you have not walked in -the outer edges of a country or territory - -## will know that I am Yahweh ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if it were walking in them, like person would walk along a road. AT: "the one whose statutes you have not obeyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/13.md b/ezk/11/13.md index 151cf9803a..c3931e5302 100644 --- a/ezk/11/13.md +++ b/ezk/11/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## And it came about ## +# It came about This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Pelatiah, the son of Benaiah ## +# Pelatiah son of Benaiah -He was one of the wicked leaders of Israel mentioned in [Ezekiel 11:1](./01.md). +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## I fell on my face ## +# I fell on my face -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:27](../01/27.md). +"I bowed down to the ground" or "I lay on the ground." Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Alas ## +# Alas, Lord Yahweh -Ezekiel says this to show his fear about what will happen to the rest of the people there. \ No newline at end of file +The word "Alas" is an exclamation that expresses fear and sadness. AT: "Oh no, Lord Yahweh" or "Ah, Lord Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/14.md b/ezk/11/14.md index 84c5bcbbd3..da3a1b0c68 100644 --- a/ezk/11/14.md +++ b/ezk/11/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## The Word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# The word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## your brothers! Your brothers! ## +# your brothers! Your brothers! This is stated twice for emphasis. -## the house of Israel ## +# the house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +The word "house" is a metonym for the family, in this case the Israelites who are the descendants of Jacob. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## All of them of whom it is said by those living in Jerusalem ## +# All of them are those of whom it is said by those living in Jerusalem -"All of them about whom the people living in Jerusalem are saying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people living in Jerusalem say about all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All of them are those of whom + +Some versions have "All of them are those to whom" + +# This land was given to us as our possession + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has given this land to us as our possession" or "This land has become our possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/16.md b/ezk/11/16.md index a78600a380..905ac940df 100644 --- a/ezk/11/16.md +++ b/ezk/11/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to Israel about those who were scattered. +# General Information: -## I have been a sanctuary for them ## +Yahweh gives this message to Ezekiel about the Israelites who were in exile. -AT: "I have been with them to preserve them." +# I have been a sanctuary for them -## lands where they have gone ## +Yahweh speaks of dwelling among the people who are in exile as if he were a sanctuary for them. AT: "I have been with them" or "I have been like their place of worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "nations where they have been taken" +# I will gather you from the peoples, and assemble you from the lands -## I will gather you from the peoples, and assemble you from the lands ## +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition emphasizes the surety of Yahweh's promise to bring the exiles back to the land of Israel. AT: "I will bring you back from all of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Yahweh says this promise two times in different ways in order to show that it's important. AT: "I will bring you back from the nations of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# where you were scattered -## detestable ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where I scattered you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "horrible," or "offensive" \ No newline at end of file +# every detestable thing and every abomination + +These words have similar meanings and emphasize that God will remove all the idols from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# every detestable thing + +This means things that cause hatred or disgust. Here it refers to idols. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/19.md b/ezk/11/19.md index 686de6d02b..3105f8c4df 100644 --- a/ezk/11/19.md +++ b/ezk/11/19.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + God continues the prophecy of what will happen to the scattered Israelites. -## the stone heart from their flesh ## +# I will give them one heart ... give them a heart of flesh -This is a way of saying that God will change their attitude from stubborn rebellion. AT: "their stubbornness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh speaks of all of the Israelites who are in exile as if they are one person, with one heart and one spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a heart of flesh ## +# I will give them one heart -This is a way to say that God will change their attitude to accept his rule. AT: "a willingness to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the metonym "heart" represents the will and emotions. Yahweh speaks of causing all of the people to share the same new emotions as if he were giving them one heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## affection ## +# I will put a new spirit within them -AT: "devotion" +Here the metonym "spirit" represents the thoughts and disposition. Yahweh speaks of causing the people to think new thoughts as if he were giving them a new spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## detestable things ## +# I will take out the heart of stone from their flesh and give them a heart of flesh -AT: "obnoxious things" or "offensive things" +Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had a stone heart and of their being willingly obedient as if they had a heart of flesh. He speaks of causing them to become willingly obedient as if he were exchanging those two hearts. AT: "I will cause them to stop being stubborn and instead cause them to obey me willingly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## conduct ## +# they will walk in my statutes, they will carry out my decrees and do them -AT: "actions" +Each of these phrases have similar meanings and describes the people as obeying what Yahweh has commanded them to do. They are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## on their own heads ## +# they will walk in my statutes -AT: "back onto those people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if it were walking in them, like a person would walk along a road. AT: "they will obey my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## declaration ## +# those who walk with affection toward their detestable things -AT: "statement" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of a person's conduct as if it were the person walking. AT: "those who conduct their lives out of devotion to their detestable things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# detestable things + +This means things that cause hatred or disgust. Here it refers to idols. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:18](./16.md). + +# I will bring their conduct on their own heads + +Here the metonym "conduct" represents the consequences of their actions. The idiom "bring ... on their own heads" means they will experience these consequences. AT: "I will cause them to suffer the consequences of their actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/22.md b/ezk/11/22.md index 36c076fd7c..b586a3cf72 100644 --- a/ezk/11/22.md +++ b/ezk/11/22.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -The cherubim of Chapter 10 leave the temple and city along with the glory of God. +# General Information: -## wheels that were beside them ## +The cherubim and the glory of God leave the temple and city. -See how you translated "wheels" in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +# cherubim + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/24.md b/ezk/11/24.md index 72df2c94fc..c3d9dc4f68 100644 --- a/ezk/11/24.md +++ b/ezk/11/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## exiles ## +# the vision that I had seen went up from upon me -"exiles" refers to the Israelites forced to live in Chaldea. \ No newline at end of file +Ezekiel speaks of the vision ending as if the vision was an object that had been upon him and then left him. AT: "the vision that I had seen ended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/11/intro.md b/ezk/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..41fee9924d --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ezekiel 11 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Safety ##### + +The people were trusting Jerusalem to keep them safe. But God was going to pull them out of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The people in Jerusalem used the metaphor "this city is the pot and we are the meat in the pot" meaning they were safe in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/01.md b/ezk/12/01.md index 4f17a6386a..44645b6cdc 100644 --- a/ezk/12/01.md +++ b/ezk/12/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## The word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# The word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## they have eyes to see but they do not see; and where they have ears to hear but do not listen ## +# Son of man -Both of these phrases are using either eyes or ears to refer to the people's ability to learn. AT: "they have the ability to learn but choose not to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# a rebellious house + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/04.md). AT: "a rebellious people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they have eyes to see but they do not see ... they have ears to hear but do not listen + +People being unable to understand Yahweh's message and what he is doing is spoken of as if the people were unable physically to see and hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/03.md b/ezk/12/03.md index 89705e7534..87c33aeb93 100644 --- a/ezk/12/03.md +++ b/ezk/12/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -out parables. +# General Information: -## Therefore as for you ## +Yahweh is telling Ezekiel to act out another parable. -"So this is for you" +# Therefore as for you -## Perhaps they will begin to see, though they are a rebellious house ## +"So then, this is what I say to you" -AT: "Maybe they will begin to understand what you are describing" The word "see" is used to refer to the Jewish people's ability to understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# in their sight + +"as they watch" + +# Perhaps they will begin to see + +People being able to understand Yahweh's message and what he is doing is spoken of as if the people were able physically to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a rebellious house + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/04.md). AT: "a rebellious people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/04.md b/ezk/12/04.md index 293a178f18..09c2f9ee6c 100644 --- a/ezk/12/04.md +++ b/ezk/12/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -God is speaking to Ezekiel describing how he should act out the parable. +# General Information: -## in their sight ## +God is speaking to Ezekiel and describing how he should act out the parable. -The word "their" refers to the people of Israel. +# in their sight -## house of Israel ## +"as they watch" -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +# have set you as a sign -## have set you as a sign ## +Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. AT: "have made you to be a warning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "have placed you as a correction to their thinking" \ No newline at end of file +# house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/07.md b/ezk/12/07.md index d9fbbdbde0..04bae1056b 100644 --- a/ezk/12/07.md +++ b/ezk/12/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Ezekiel shows the people of Israel they will soon be forced into exile. -## dug a hole through the wall by hand ## +# just as I was commanded -AT: "dug a hole through the wall with my hands" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as Yahweh commanded me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## out in the dark ## +# dug a hole through the wall by hand -AT: "out at night while it is dark" \ No newline at end of file +"dug a hole through the wall with my hands" + +# in the dark + +"at night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/08.md b/ezk/12/08.md index ceb58d0401..27a8024412 100644 --- a/ezk/12/08.md +++ b/ezk/12/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## the word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# the word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## house of Israel ## +# Son of man, is the house of Israel, that rebellious house, not asking, 'What are you doing?' -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +God asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knew—that the people had asked him this question. AT: "Son of man, the house of Israel, that rebellious house, is asking, 'What are you doing?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Son of man, is the house of Israel, that rebellious house, not asking, 'What are you doing? ## +# the house of Israel, that rebellious house -God asks this question to Ezekiel to show that the people of Israel have noticed what Ezekiel is doing. AT: "Ezekiel, the people of Israel, the ones who disobey me, have noticed what you are doing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. Translate "rebellious house" as in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/04.md). AT: "the people of Israel, that rebellious people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# What are you doing -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +Since the people had seen what Ezekiel was doing, their question implies their desire to know the reason why he was doing it. AT: "What is the meaning of the things you are doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## in whose midst they are ## +# in whose midst they are -AT: "who are among them" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "in whose midst" refers to Jerusalem, while "they" refers to the "house of Israel." AT: "who are in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/11.md b/ezk/12/11.md index 03693b5de5..0ac8d4f278 100644 --- a/ezk/12/11.md +++ b/ezk/12/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## in the dark ## +# I am a sign to you -"at night while it is dark" +Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Ezekiel speaks of himself and his actions as being this warning. AT: "I am a warning to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will spread out my net over him and he will be caught in my snare ## +# so it will be done to them -The words "net" and "snare" are used because these are different ways to trap an animal. God knows what the leader of Jerusalem will do and has set up events so that he will be captured as he tries to escape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "them" refers to the people living in Jerusalem. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so others will do to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I will bring him to Babylon ## +# in the dark -AT: "I will cause him to be taken to Babylon" \ No newline at end of file +"at night" + +# They will dig through the wall + +The word "They" refers to the people living in Jerusalem. + +# He will cover his face + +"The prince will cover his face" + +# I will spread out my net over him and he will be caught in my snare + +Yahweh speaks of enabling the Chaldeans to capture the prince as if he himself were catching the prince in a trap that he had set. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will bring him to Babylon + +Yahweh speaks of enabling the Chaldeans to bring the prince to Babylon as if he himself were bringing the prince there. AT: "I will cause the Chaldeans to bring him to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/14.md b/ezk/12/14.md index 6d6f7e4f36..5ba207c006 100644 --- a/ezk/12/14.md +++ b/ezk/12/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## I will send out a sword after them ## +# I will send out a sword after them -The word "sword" is used to refer to an army of men carrying swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "sword" is a metonym for enemy armies who will attack with their swords. AT: "I will send armies to pursue them with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## when I scatter them among the nations and disperse them throughout the lands ## +# know that I am Yahweh -These phrases say the same thing in two different ways. AT: "when I cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## from the sword ## +# when I scatter them among the nations and disperse them throughout the lands -The word "sword" refers to being killed in fighting. AT: "from being killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "when I cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will spare ... from the sword, famine, and plague + +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. You may need to make explicit that they will not die from famine or plague. AT: "I will keep ... from dying in battle, from starving to death, and from dying of disease" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/17.md b/ezk/12/17.md index 79d522b9b7..178f5c65d1 100644 --- a/ezk/12/17.md +++ b/ezk/12/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## The word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# The word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). - -## Son of man ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). - -## eat your bread with trembling, and drink your water with shaking and worry ## - -AT: "live your daily life with great fear." Eating and drinking are common things done in life and so tell Ezekiel to live with great fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/19.md b/ezk/12/19.md index a6957ff861..cfb6881bec 100644 --- a/ezk/12/19.md +++ b/ezk/12/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# the land will be despoiled of its fullness -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +The word "fullness" refers to everything in the land. The word "despoiled" means that people will empty the land of everything in it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "others will empty the land of everything in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They will eat their bread with trembling and drink their water while shaking ## +# the cities that were inhabited will be desolate -AT: "They will live daily life with great fear." Eating and drinking are used because they tell the people of Israel to live with great fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## cities that were inhabited will be desolate ## - -"desolate" describes a place where no one lives. AT: "people in cities will leave or die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## know that I am Yahweh ## - -See how this phrase is translated in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the cities where people lived will be desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/21.md b/ezk/12/21.md index 7ee28bd6a6..19ac28faa3 100644 --- a/ezk/12/21.md +++ b/ezk/12/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## the word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# the word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## 'The days are prolonged, and every vision fails' ## +# what is this proverb that you have in the land of Israel that says, 'The days are prolonged, and every vision fails'? -This was a saying of the people of Israel who did not believe that God would judge them. AT: "Many days have passed without God's judgment, the prophet's warnings are false" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel something he already knows. The question is a mild rebuke for the people who use the proverb. AT: "the people in the land of Israel have this proverb that says, 'The days are prolonged, and every vision fails.' (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# The days are prolonged -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +This idiom means that many days have passed. AT: "Many days have passed" or "Time has gone by" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## The days draw near ## +# every vision fails -This phrase refers to the days in which Israel will be judged. AT: "The days of judgment draw near" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This means that the visions that the prophets receive and communicate to the people fail to happen. AT: "every prophetic vision fails to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## every vision will speak ## +# The days have drawn near -The visions God gives to the prophets will come true. AT: "every prophecy will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase refers to the days in which Israel will be judged. AT: "The days of judgment are coming soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# every vision will be fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will fulfill every vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/24.md b/ezk/12/24.md index b0f87a6e4d..5642c0ac96 100644 --- a/ezk/12/24.md +++ b/ezk/12/24.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## the house of Israel ## +Yahweh continues to tell Ezekiel what to say to the people of Israel. -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +# house of Israel -## The matter will no longer be delayed ## +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Yahweh says what will not happen in order to express what will happen. "what I predict will quickly happen"(UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +# I carry out the words that I speak -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +This idiom means that Yahweh does what he says. AT: "I do the things that I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +# The matter will no longer be delayed -## speak this word ## +The "matter" refers to the things that Yahweh says will happen. AT: "What I say will no longer be delayed" or "What I say will happen soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Possible meanings 1) "everything that I say will happen" (See: UDB) or 2) "speak this message" or 3) "speak this prophecy" +# I will speak this word -## in your days ## +"I will speak this message" or "I will speak this prophecy" -"while you are alive" \ No newline at end of file +# in your days + +This idiom refers to the period of time in which a person lives. AT: "while you are alive" or "during you lifetime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# rebellious house + +This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/04.md). AT: "rebellious people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/26.md b/ezk/12/26.md index b3a8fb4479..ddb9ee0f7e 100644 --- a/ezk/12/26.md +++ b/ezk/12/26.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## came to me... vision that he...and he prophesies ## +# the word of Yahweh came -The words "me" and "he" refer to Ezekiel. +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## say to them ## +# Behold -The word "them" refers to the people of Israel. +The word "Behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## The Word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Behold ## - -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. - -## The vision that he sees is for many days from now, and he prophesies of far off times ## +# The vision that he sees is for many days from now, and he prophesies of far off times These phrases are both ways the people of Israel are saying Ezekiel's warnings will not happen in their lifetime but will happen far in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# My words will not be delayed any longer, but the word that I have spoken will be done -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +These phrases are both ways God is telling the people of Israel that the things he has warned about will happen soon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## My words will not be delayed any longer, but the word that I have spoken will be done ## +# My words will not be delayed any longer -These phrases are both ways God is telling the people of Israel that the things he has warned about, will happen soon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will no longer delay the word I have spoken" or "I will no longer delay doing what I said I would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# the word that I have spoken will be done -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will accomplish the word that I have spoken" or "I will do what I have spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/12/intro.md b/ezk/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..458d64f4f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Exile ##### + +God warned that very soon the people in Jerusalem would be exiled to Babylon. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/01.md b/ezk/13/01.md index 5a6c088f4c..1333a379c8 100644 --- a/ezk/13/01.md +++ b/ezk/13/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## the word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# the word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Son of man ## +# Son of man -Ezekiel (me) +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## prophesying out of their own minds ## +# prophesying out of their own imaginations -prophesying from their own thoughts +"prophesying only the things that they imagine" -## follow their own spirit ## +# who follow their own spirit -This phrase is used to refer to the prophets doing what they want. The word "spirit" refers to their thoughts and the word "follow" refers to what they do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the word "spirit" represents the thoughts and ideas of the person. To "follow" here is an idiom that means to do what their own ideas suggest for them to do. AT: "who act according to their own ideas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# like jackals in the wastelands -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +Like jackals that scavenge for food and shelter among the abandoned ruins of cities, the prophets are using the destruction of Jerusalem for their own benefit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## jackals ## +# jackals -wild animals like dogs or a small wolves. - -## like jackals in the wastelands ## - -Like jackals that steal food from other animals in the desert, the prophets steal from the people of Israel when they lie about having messages from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +wild animals that are related to dogs and that scavenge for food in abandoned places. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/05.md b/ezk/13/05.md index b24dd30076..1f946b67bc 100644 --- a/ezk/13/05.md +++ b/ezk/13/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## the house of Israel ## +# the wall around the house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +This refers to the wall surrounding the city of Jerusalem. -## resist in battle ## +# the house of Israel -"defend" +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## had false visions and made false predictions ## +# resist in battle -Both of these phrases mean the prophets are lying about knowing what will happen in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +You can supply the implicit information here. AT: "resist the enemy armies" or "defend the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Such and such ## +# the day of Yahweh -This is a phrase used to refer to anything the prophet may have said. Your language may have another way to say this. "Yahweh told me this" (See: UDB) +This refers to the time when Yahweh will judge his people by means of an enemy army. AT: "the day of Yahweh's judgment" or "the day when Yahweh judges you by sending enemy armies to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# Have you not had false visions ... when I myself have not spoken? -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the false prophets. AT: "You have had false visions ... because I myself have not spoken." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# had false visions and made false predictions + +Since the false prophets have not really received a message from Yahweh, what they predict about the future is not true. + +# Such and such + +This is a phrase used to refer to anything the prophet may have said. Your language may have another way to say this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh's declaration + +"is what Yahweh has declared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/08.md b/ezk/13/08.md index 9625f10720..c391f34ec1 100644 --- a/ezk/13/08.md +++ b/ezk/13/08.md @@ -1,33 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh speaks to the people of Israel and repeats phrases in different ways to express how true they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -## thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +# My hand will be against the prophets -## had false visions and have told lies ## +Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh's power. That his hand will be against them is a metaphor that means that he will punish them with his power. AT: "I will punish the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "have lied about having messages from God" +# They will not be in the assembly of my people -## Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +This means that Yahweh will not consider these false prophets to be part of the people of Israel. -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +# or enrolled in the record of the house of Israel -## My hand will be against the prophets ## +This probably refers to an official record of the citizens of Israel. This can be stated in active form. AT: "nor will anyone enroll their names in the record of the house of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -The term “hand” is often used in reference to Yahweh's power. +# the house of Israel -## have lying visions and who make false predictions ## +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "who have messages from God but are lying" +# know that I am the Lord Yahweh -## in the assembly of my people, or enrolled in the record of the house of Israel ## - -AT: "listed as one of my people" This is two ways to describe the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## the house of Israel ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). - -## will know that I am the Lord Yahweh ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am the Lord Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, the Lord Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/10.md b/ezk/13/10.md index fd526ca3b5..05b5c2812a 100644 --- a/ezk/13/10.md +++ b/ezk/13/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## Because of this ## +# General Information: -The word "this" refers to the Lord's promise to force the false prophets out of Israel. +In these verses, Yahweh speaks of the false security that the prophets have given to the people by speaking of peace as if the prophets had built a poorly-constructed wall and covered it over with white paint in order to make it look good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they led my people ## +# Because of this -The word "they" refers to the false prophets in the land of Israel. +The word "this" refers to the prophets reporting false visions to the people and telling them lies. -## whitewash / whitewashing ## +# they led my people astray -a white liquid mixture used for making surfaces (such as walls or fences) whiter. +Yahweh speaks of the prophets deceiving the people and getting them to believe lies as if the prophets had led the people away from the path upon which they should have been walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## downpour of rain...hailstones...windstorm ## +# they are building a wall that they will paint with whitewash -These are all part of a very bad storm. God uses a storm to refer to the armies that will attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "a wall" stands for peace and security that the false prophets told the people that Yahweh was promising to give them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## hailstones ## +# whitewash ... whitewashing + +The word "whitewash" refers to a white liquid mixture or paint used to cover up impurities and make surfaces white. + +# I will send hailstones to make it fall down, and a windstorm wind to break it down + +Yahweh refers to the judgment that he will send upon the people as if it were a severe storm that breaks down the wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# hailstones balls of ice that sometimes falls from the sky during a rainstorm. -## Have others not said to you ## +# Have others not said to you, "Where is the whitewash that you put on it?" -Ezekiel asks this as a question to press for an answer. AT: "others have said to you" (See" [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that others will ask the prophets what happened to their whitewash. AT: "Others will certainly say to you, 'Where is the whitewash that you put on it?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Where is the whitewash that you put on it? + +Possible meanings are 1) that this is an honest question for which the people expect and answer or 2) this is a rhetorical question that the people ask out of sarcasm. AT: "The whitewash that you put on it did no good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/13.md b/ezk/13/13.md index 0c0655c4e7..0667a9b83a 100644 --- a/ezk/13/13.md +++ b/ezk/13/13.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +Yahweh continues to speak of the false security that the prophets have given to the people by speaking of peace as if the prophets had built a poorly-constructed wall and covered it over with white paint in order to make it look good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## windstorm...floods of rain...hailstones ## +# I will bring a windstorm ... completely destroy it. -These are all part of a very bad storm. God uses a storm to refer to the armies that will attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh refers to the judgment that he will send upon the people as if it were a severe storm that breaks down the wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will bring a windstorm in my rage ## +# in my rage ... in my wrath ... in my rage -"when I act on my anger I will bring a windstorm" +"because of my rage ... because of my wrath ... because my rage." -## there will be floods of rain in my wrath ## - -"when I act on my anger I will bring large amounts of rain" - -## Hailstones in my rage will completely destroy it ## - -"When I act on my anger I will bring hailstones to destroy the walls the people are building" - -## lay bare ## +# lay bare "uncover" -## annihilated ## +# you will be annihilated in the middle of it all -"brought to your end" or "totally destroyed" +The phrase "in the middle of it all" refers to the stones of the wall that Yahweh will break down. He speaks of destroying the people in his judgment as if the wall would crush them to death when he breaks it down. AT: "all of its stones will crush you to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## know that I am Yahweh ## +# annihilated -Possible meanings are 1) “understand who I, Yahweh, am” or 2) “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or 3) “know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do what I say that I will do” (See: UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"destroyed" + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/15.md b/ezk/13/15.md index 53ec039ed1..c6896bcb17 100644 --- a/ezk/13/15.md +++ b/ezk/13/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## I ## +# General Information: -refers to Yahweh +Yahweh continues to speak of the false security that the prophets have given to the people by speaking of peace as if the prophets had built a poorly-constructed wall and covered it over with white paint in order to make it look good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will annihilate in my fury ## +# I will annihilate in my fury -"when I act on my anger I will bring to an end" +"Because I am very angry, I will annihilate" -## whitewashed it ## +# whitewashed it -"painted the wall white" (See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 13:10](./10.md)) +The word "whitewash" refers to a white liquid mixture or paint used to cover up impurities and make surfaces white. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 13:10](./10.md). -## The wall exists no more, nor do the people ## +# the prophets of Israel who prophesied about Jerusalem and who had visions of peace for her -"The wall is no longer there, nor are the people" +This phrase defines who "the people who whitewashed it" are. -## visions of peace for her ## +# visions of peace for her -The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. - -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/17.md b/ezk/13/17.md index 29338dd149..e27a46137d 100644 --- a/ezk/13/17.md +++ b/ezk/13/17.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## Son of man ## +# set your face against the daughters -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +This is a command to stare at the women as a symbol of punishing them. Translate "set your face against" as you did in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/01.md). AT: "stare at the daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## set your face against ## +# set your face against -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md). +Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set your face" represents staring. AT: "stare at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## daughters of your people ## +# daughters of your people -women of Israel +This idiom refers to women who belong to the same people group as Ezekiel does. AT: "women of Israel" or "your countrywomen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## prophesy out of their own minds ## +# prophesy out of their own minds -This means they are creating prophecies from their own imaginations. AT: "imagining their own prophecies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"prophesying only the things that they think in their own minds." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 13:2](./01.md). -## prophesy against ## +# prophesy against -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:6](../04/06.md). +"prophesy about the bad things that will happen to them." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:7](../04/06.md). -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# sew magic charms onto every part of their hand -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +This means that they sew magic charms together and then attach them to their hands, not that they sew them directly onto their hands. -## charms ## +# charms objects believed to have magical powers. -## in order to trap people...Will you trap the lives of my people ## +# used to hunt down people -The decorations worn by prophetesses were like a "trap" because they were using beauty, mystery and lies to trick the people so they would believe them and sin against God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of these women using beauty, mystery, and lies to deceive people as if the people were animals that the women hunted down and trapped with their charms. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that they use to hunt down people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# make veils for their heads of every size + +This means that they make veils to put on the heads of people of different height. AT: "make veils for the heads of women of every stature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Will you hunt down my people but save your own lives? + +Yahweh asks this as a leading question to rebuke the women who do these things. The implicit answer is, "no." AT: "Do not think that you will be able to save your own lives after you have hunted down my people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/19.md b/ezk/13/19.md index 06d604e23e..fb655a9acd 100644 --- a/ezk/13/19.md +++ b/ezk/13/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak against the false prophetesses in Israel. -## handfuls of barley and crumbs of bread ## +# handfuls of barley and crumbs of bread Barley is a grain used to make bread and the word "crumb" is a small amount of bread. Both phrases are small amounts of food and are used to emphasize how small the payment was to the prophetesses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/20.md b/ezk/13/20.md index 8291ec48bd..aa814704f9 100644 --- a/ezk/13/20.md +++ b/ezk/13/20.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# the magic charms that you have used to ensnare the people's lives as if they were birds -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +Yahweh speaks of these women using their magic charms to deceive people as if the people were birds that the women trapped with those charms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## charms ## +# charms -objects that are believed to have magic powers +objects believed to have magical powers -## ensnare ## +# to ensnare -"to trap." A snare is a small looped rope that catches something by the foot. +"to trap" "to catch in a snare" -## ensnare the people's lives as if they were birds...people whom you have trapped like birds ## +# tear them from your arms -Yahweh is comparing the prophetesses' decorations to traps for a bird. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"tear the charms from your arms" -## tear them from your arms ## +# rescue my people from your hand -The word "arms" refers to the control by the prophetesses. The lies they use to control the people of Israel are like arms that hold them back from escaping. AT: "take them away from your control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "hand" represents power or control. AT: "rescue my people from your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## they will no longer be trapped in your hands ## +# they will no longer be trapped in your hands -To say they will not be trapped is the same as saying they will be free. The phrase "trapped in your hand" refers to the people of Israel being in the control of the false prophetesses. AT: "they will be free from you control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## know that I am Yahweh ## - -Possible meanings are 1) “understand who I, Yahweh, am” or 2) “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or 3) “know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do what I say that I will do” (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hand" represents power or control. Yahweh speaks of the people being in the control of these women as if the women had trapped them with their hands. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will no longer trap them like prey in your hands" or "you will no longer control them with your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/22.md b/ezk/13/22.md index db69cfb59e..195189258a 100644 --- a/ezk/13/22.md +++ b/ezk/13/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## discourage the heart of the righteous person ## +# discourage the heart of the righteous person -The righteous person's heart is used to refer to their emotions. AT: "discourage the righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "heart" represents the person and his emotions. AT: "discourage the righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## turn from his way ## +# turn from his way -To stop doing something is referred to as turning in a different direction. AT: "stop what he is doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +To stop doing something is referred to as turning in a different direction. AT: "stop what he is doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## have false visions or continue to make predictions ## +# have false visions or continue to make predictions Both of these phrases refer to talking about what will happen in the future. AT: "continue to make false predictions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## out of your hand ## +# I will rescue my people out of your hand -The word "hand" is used to refer to the control of the prophetess. AT: "out of your control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## know that I am Yahweh ## - -Possible meanings are 1) “understand who I, Yahweh, am” or 2) “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or 3) “know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do what I say that I will do” (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hand" represents power or control. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 13:21](./20.md). AT: "I will rescue my people from your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/13/intro.md b/ezk/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c298c77760 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ezekiel 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### False prophets ##### + +God spoke against people who said they were prophesying but had not received any message from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +God said of people who encourage others to feel safe even when they continue to sin were not strengthening a wall but just putting whitewash on it to hide the imperfections. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/01.md b/ezk/14/01.md index 992faa8cb2..4eaeee2316 100644 --- a/ezk/14/01.md +++ b/ezk/14/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## men have taken idols into their heart ## +# Some of the elders of Israel came to me and sat before me -AT: "who considers his idols to be very important" or "who has affection for his idols" +The elders sat before Ezekiel in order to inquire of the Lord through Ezekiel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## before their own faces ## +# the word of Yahweh came -God is saying the men have placed the idols where they can see them. This shows the idols are important to them. AT: "where it can be seen" +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## stumbling block of their iniquity ## +# Son of man -The idols are referred to as something their sin causes them to trip and fall over. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## Should I be inquired of at all by them? ## +# have taken their idols into their hearts -AT: "They should not ask me for anything." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the elders committing themselves to worshiping idols as if the elders had "taken their idols into their hearts." AT: "have devoted themselves to idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have put the stumbling block of their iniquity before their own faces + +Yahweh speaks of the idols that the elders worship as if they were blocks over which the elders stumble, and of being determined to worship those idols as if they had placed those stumbling blocks in front of their faces. AT: "have resolutely determined to worship the things that lead to iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stumbling block of their iniquity + +Possible meanings are 1) the idols are a stumbling block that leads to the elders' iniquity or 2) worshiping idols is an iniquity that causes the elders to stumble. + +# Should I be inquired of at all by them? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the elders should not be inquiring of him. This question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. AT: "Should I permit them to inquire of me at all?" or "They should not be inquiring of me at all." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/04.md b/ezk/14/04.md index 35dc76e048..5452e01901 100644 --- a/ezk/14/04.md +++ b/ezk/14/04.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Therefore announce this to them ## +# Therefore announce this to them -The word "them" refers to the "men from the elders of Israel" +The word "them" refers to the "men from the elders of Israel." -## who takes his idols into his heart ## +# the house of Israel -AT: "who considers his idols to be very important" or "who has affection for his idols" +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the stumbling block of his iniquity before his face ## +# who takes his idols into his heart -The words "before his face" mean "with his full attention." AT: "the idol that he has used to sin by worshiping it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of the people committing themselves to worshiping idols as if they had taken their idols into their hearts. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 14:3](./01.md). AT: "who devotes himself to idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## then comes to a prophet ## +# who puts the stumbling block of his iniquity before his face -A person goes to a prophet in order to hear what God has to say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Yahweh speaks of the idols that people worship as if they were blocks over which the people stumble, and of being determined to worship those idols as if they had placed those stumbling blocks in front of their faces. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 14:3](./01.md). AT: "who resolutely determines to worship the things that lead to iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the number of their idols ## +# then comes to a prophet -AT: "how many idols they have" +A person goes to a prophet in order to inquire of the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I may take back the house of Israel in their hearts ## +# I, Yahweh, will answer him according to the number of his idols -AT: “I will make the people of Israel love me again" +This phrase refers to the many idols that the people worship. It is implied that the severity of Yahweh's answer will as great as the number of idols that they worship. AT: "I, Yahweh, will give him the answer that he deserves because he worships so many idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## take back...driven far from me ## +# I may take back the house of Israel in their hearts -He says he will bring them back in order to make them love Him even though their idols have pushed them away from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hearts" represents the minds and affections of the people. Yahweh speaks of causing them to be devoted to him once again as if he were to capture their hearts. AT: "I will cause the people of Israel to be devoted to me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their hearts that have been driven far from me through their idols + +Here the word "hearts" represents the minds and affections of the people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "who have all left me to worship their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/06.md b/ezk/14/06.md index 4e97f4c445..24028117b5 100644 --- a/ezk/14/06.md +++ b/ezk/14/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the house of Israel ## +# the house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Repent and turn away from your idols... ## +# Repent and turn away from your idols! Turn back your faces from all your abominations -Both "Repent" and "turn way" are ways to tell a person to change what they are doing. To stop doing something is referred to as turning away from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Both of these phrases are ways to tell the people of Israel to stop worshiping idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## turn away from your idols! Turn back your faces from all your abominations ## +# Repent and turn away -Both of these phrases are ways to tell the people of Israel to stop worshiping idols. To stop doing something is referred to as turning away from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "repent" and "turn way" mean basically the same thing. Together they strengthen the command to stop worshiping idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Turn back your faces + +Here the word "faces" represents the people. AT: "Turn back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/07.md b/ezk/14/07.md index 503cf05f2a..f2d7785ff8 100644 --- a/ezk/14/07.md +++ b/ezk/14/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## and takes his idols into his heart ## +# the house of Israel -AT: "who considers his idols to be very important" or "who has affection for his idols" +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and puts the stumbling block of his iniquity before his face ## +# who takes his idols into his heart -AT: "the idol that he has used to sin by worshiping it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of the people committing themselves to worshiping idols as if they had taken their idols into their hearts. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 14:3](./01.md). AT: "who devotes himself to idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will set my face against that man ## +# puts the stumbling block of his iniquity before his own face -AT: "I will be against him" or "I will give my attention to being against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Yahweh speaks of the idols that people worship as if they were blocks over which the people stumble, and of being determined to worship those idols as if they had placed those stumbling blocks in front of their faces. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 14:3](./01.md). AT: "who resolutely determines to worship the things that lead to iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## make him a sign and a proverb ## +# I will set my face against that man -Both a sign and a proverb are used to help people make good choices. God is saying he will use him as an example for other people to help them make better choices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of being opposed to a person as if he were to set his face against that person. AT: "I will be against that man" or "I will oppose that man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# set my face + +Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set my face" refers to staring. AT: "stare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# make him a sign and a proverb + +Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. The word proverb refers to what people will say about that sign when they see it. AT: "I will make that man to be a warning and a proverb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will cut him off from the midst of my people + +Yahweh speaks of causing a person no longer to belong to his people as if he were cutting that person off from the people, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "I will cause him no longer to belong to my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/09.md b/ezk/14/09.md index 1bd53a488c..552eb65707 100644 --- a/ezk/14/09.md +++ b/ezk/14/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## I will stretch out my hand against him ## +# I will reach out with my hand against him -God's hand refers to what he does. AT: "I will work against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +God's "hand" refers to what he does. AT: "I will work against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## they will carry their own iniquity ## +# They will carry their own iniquity -AT: they will be responsible for what they have done wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the word "iniquity" represents the guilt that people incur for committing iniquity. Yahweh speaks of people suffering the consequences of their iniquity as if they were carrying the iniquity. AT: "They will suffer the consequences of their own iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will no longer wander away from following me ## +# house of Israel -The phrase "wander away from following me" compares not doing what God wants to walking away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will no longer wander away from following me + +Yahweh speaks of the people no longer worshiping him as if they were to wander away from him and no longer follow him. AT: "will no longer stop worshiping me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/12.md b/ezk/14/12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..26a35ae24e --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/14/12.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# when a land sins against me + +Here the word "land" represents the people who live in the land. AT: "when the people who live in a land sin against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# break the staff of its bread + +Yahweh speaks of the supply of bread as if it were a staff. The word "bread" represents all kinds of food. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:16](../04/16.md). AT: "end the supply of its food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# cut off both man and beast from the land + +Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "kill both man and beast in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/15.md b/ezk/14/15.md index d713397df2..e2c1be2bb6 100644 --- a/ezk/14/15.md +++ b/ezk/14/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## these same three men ## +# these same three men Noah, Daniel, and Job -## as I live," declares the Lord Yahweh ## +# as I live -This can be reordered: "the Lord Yahweh declares. "as I live" +"as surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## only their own lives would be rescued ## +# only their own lives would be rescued -"Yahweh would only rescue their lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they could only rescue their own lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/17.md b/ezk/14/17.md index 1e5499d996..05bd243b60 100644 --- a/ezk/14/17.md +++ b/ezk/14/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## these three men ## +# if I bring a sword against that land + +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: + +# Sword, go through the land + +Here the word "sword" represents the soldiers of an enemy army who attack with swords. AT: "Army, go through the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cut off both man and beast from it + +Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if it were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "kill both man and beast in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# these three men Noah, Daniel, and Job -## as I live," declares the Lord Yahweh ## +# only their own lives would be rescued -This can be reordered: "the Lord Yahweh declares. "as I live" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they would only rescue their own lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/19.md b/ezk/14/19.md index 2a19a8003e..53082faa04 100644 --- a/ezk/14/19.md +++ b/ezk/14/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## pour out my fury ## +# pour out my fury -Like a jar holds water, God had been holding back judgement. So "pour out my fury" means God will no longer hold back from acting on his anger but will act on his anger against the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury as if his fury were a liquid that he pours out from a container. AT: "I will express my fury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## cut off both man and beast ## +# cut off both man and beast -This phrase refers to being killed as an act of divine judgment for sin. AT: "kill both man and beast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "kill both man and beast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# only their own lives would be rescued + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they would only rescue their own lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/21.md b/ezk/14/21.md index 1eb56a173c..8692bf5ded 100644 --- a/ezk/14/21.md +++ b/ezk/14/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## from her - ## +# to cut off both man and beast from her -** The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if it were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. AT: "to kill both man and beast in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/22.md b/ezk/14/22.md index 638dec24e4..71f6f81c08 100644 --- a/ezk/14/22.md +++ b/ezk/14/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak with Ezekiel about the punishment of the people of Israel. -## Behold ## +# Behold -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the information that follows. +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the information that follows. -## left in her...done against her ## +# left in her ... done against her The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. -## their ways and their actions ## +# their ways and their actions -Both of these phrases refer to what the people of Israel have done. The word "ways" refers to the way they live their life. This is another way to say their "actions." If your language has only one way to express this you can translate this in one word. AT: "their actions" or "the things they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] \ No newline at end of file +Both of these phrases refer to what the people of Israel have done. AT: "the way they live" or "the things they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# be comforted concerning the punishment + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will comfort you concerning the punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/14/intro.md b/ezk/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dcec146528 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 14 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jerusalem deserves punishment ##### + +When the captives from Jerusalem arrive in Babylon, it will be obvious why God has punished them. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/15/01.md b/ezk/15/01.md index cb35321048..692bb923da 100644 --- a/ezk/15/01.md +++ b/ezk/15/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is talking to Ezekiel in this section. -## AT: if the fire has burned both of its ends and also the middle, it certainly is not good for anything! ## +# the word of Yahweh came -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# how is a vine better than any tree with branches that is among the trees in a forest? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "a vine is not better than any tree with branches that is among the trees in a forest." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do people take wood from a vine to make anything? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "People do not take wood from a vine to make anything." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# do they make a peg from it to hang anything on it? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "they do not make a peg from it to hang things on it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If it is thrown into a fire as fuel ... is it good for anything? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "If it is thrown into a fire as fuel ... it is not good for anything." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If it is thrown into a fire as fuel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If a person throws it into a fire as fuel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/15/05.md b/ezk/15/05.md index 1821a15418..4b53eb9237 100644 --- a/ezk/15/05.md +++ b/ezk/15/05.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking about the vine. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues speaking about the vine. + +# See! + +The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# When it was complete + +"When it was whole" or "Before the fire burned it" + +# it could not make anything + +"no one could make anything from it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/15/07.md b/ezk/15/07.md index 679d97bec5..e5e659ae2b 100644 --- a/ezk/15/07.md +++ b/ezk/15/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh speak to Ezekiel about the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## ## +Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel about the people of Israel. -abandoned** - a place where everyone has left. +# I will set my face against them -## they have committed sin ## +Yahweh speaks of being opposed to them as if he were to set his face against them. AT: "I will be against them" or "I will oppose them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -"they have sinned" +# set my face -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set my face" refers to staring. AT: "stare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Though they come out from the fire, yet the fire will consume them + +Yahweh speaks of the punishment that he will afflict upon the people as if it were a fire that burns them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the fire will consume them + +Yahweh speaks of fire burning things as if the fire consumed them. AT: "the fire will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they have committed sin + +"the people who live there have committed sin" or "the people who live there have sinned" + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/15/intro.md b/ezk/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..15d1a1eedf --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 15 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Useless ##### + +God said that the people of Jerusalem were useless to him. He uses a simile to show just how useless they were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/01.md b/ezk/16/01.md index 6aeefd9c26..f01d49d8f8 100644 --- a/ezk/16/01.md +++ b/ezk/16/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel about the origins of the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## ## +In this chapter, Yahweh speaks about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful bride. He describes her growth from infancy to adulthood. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Your beginning and your birth** - Both of these speak of when the city of Jerusalem was founded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +# the word of Yahweh came -## father was an Amorite, and your mother was a Hittite ## +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -Both of these nations developed the city of Jerusalem before the people of Israel existed. AT: "you were founded by the Amorites and the Hittites" \ No newline at end of file +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# Your beginning and your birth + +These two phrases share similar meanings. Yahweh speaks of when people founded the city as if it were the city's birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your father was an Amorite, and your mother was a Hittite + +The Amorites and Hittites were both pagan people groups who lived in the land before the people of Israel conquered it. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem's father and mother belonging to these people groups to express that she was born into idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/04.md b/ezk/16/04.md index f600cd13c1..f71bfa0052 100644 --- a/ezk/16/04.md +++ b/ezk/16/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh compares Jerusalem to an unwanted baby. +# General Information: -## ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were an infant. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -No eye** - The eye is used to refer to people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# your mother did not cut your navel -## with loathing for you ## +Here "navel" refers to the umbilical cord that is attached to the navel. AT: "you mother did not cut your umbilical cord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -"and rejected" \ No newline at end of file +# No eye had compassion for you + +Here the word "eye" represents the person who sees. AT: "Nobody who saw you had compassion for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# with loathing for your life + +"because your parents hated you" + +# you were thrown out into the open field + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your parents threw you out into the open field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/06.md b/ezk/16/06.md index ef2f804f6c..a32a09348e 100644 --- a/ezk/16/06.md +++ b/ezk/16/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as an unwanted baby who grows into a beautiful woman. +# General Information: -## But I passed by you ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were an infant. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Yahweh is walking near the newborn baby. \ No newline at end of file +# But I passed by you + +Yahweh is walking near the newborn baby. + +# I said to you in your blood + +The implicit information can be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "I said to you as you were lying in your blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I made you grow like a plant in a field + +Here Yahweh compares growing quickly with the way a plant grows quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# You multiplied and became great + +These two phrases share similar meanings. They both refer to her growing and becoming taller. AT: "You matured and grew taller" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# you became the jewel of jewels + +Here the woman, who represents Jerusalem, is spoken of as if she had become the finest of all jewels, that is, as if she had become the most beautiful of all women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you became the jewel of jewels + +Some modern versions translate "You became old enough to wear jewels." + +# naked and bare + +These two words mean the same thing. AT: "completely naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/08.md b/ezk/16/08.md index 28d6c17d28..04c00f036a 100644 --- a/ezk/16/08.md +++ b/ezk/16/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as a young woman. +# General Information: -## I passed by you again ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a young woman. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This is to say that Yahweh has walked by the young woman. +# See! -## The time of love came for you ## +The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -This is to say that Yahweh sees the young woman is old enough to be married. \ No newline at end of file +# the time of love came for you + +This is to say that Yahweh sees the young woman is old enough to be married. + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/09.md b/ezk/16/09.md index 34b716ecfd..4d25876b5a 100644 --- a/ezk/16/09.md +++ b/ezk/16/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as a young woman. +# General Information: -## embroidered ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a young woman. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -different colored pieces of cloth sewn together to form a design. +# embroidered clothes -## I adorned you ## +"beautiful clothes." To embroider is to sew a design into a piece of cloth. -"I added decoration to you" \ No newline at end of file +# I adorned you with jewelry + +"I put jewelry on you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/13.md b/ezk/16/13.md index d19cb658e9..4006751741 100644 --- a/ezk/16/13.md +++ b/ezk/16/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as a young woman. +# General Information: -## adorned ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a young woman. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"decorated" +# you were adorned with gold and silver, and you were dressed in fine linen -## fame ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I adorned you with gold and silver, and dressed you in fine linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -being known and respected by a lot of people. \ No newline at end of file +# fame + +"reputation" + +# it was perfect + +"your beauty was perfect" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/15.md b/ezk/16/15.md index 1a3c851bf8..9aa4e4bb26 100644 --- a/ezk/16/15.md +++ b/ezk/16/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his wife. +# General Information: -## But you trusted in your own beauty ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a young woman. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"thought your own beauty could provide for your needs" +# you trusted in your own beauty -## acted like a prostitute ## +"you placed your confidence in your own beauty" -This compares the people of Israel worshiping idols with a woman who is paid to sleep with strangers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# acted like a prostitute -## poured out ## +Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the city were an unfaithful wife who sleeps with other men in exchange for payment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Something given quickly in a large amount is like pouring water out of a bowl. AT: "freely gave away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# you poured out your acts of prostitution -## This should not have come about! It should not have been ## +Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem's immoral actions as if they were liquids and of committing those actions repeatedly as if it were pouring those liquids from a container. AT: "you repeatedly committed your acts of prostitution" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Yahweh is speaking with emotion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# so that your beauty became his + +This Hebrew phrase is translated in many different ways by various modern versions. For example, some Bibles read "so that you gave yourself to him" or "his it was" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/17.md b/ezk/16/17.md index 1019566b6e..2ea6d210fc 100644 --- a/ezk/16/17.md +++ b/ezk/16/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. +# General Information: -## male figures ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# male figures "statues of men" or "idols that look like men" -## you did with them as a prostitute would do ## +# you did with them as a prostitute would do -This is a polite way to say the young woman was having sex with the male figures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this is a polite way to say the young woman was sleeping with the male figures. AT: "you slept with them" or 2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of her worshiping the figures as if she were sleeping with them. AT: "you worshiped them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## set before them ## +# made with fine flour, oil, and honey -"placed as an offering in front of them" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "bread that I made with fine flour, oil, and honey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## savor ## +# set before them -"scent" \ No newline at end of file +"placed as an offering in front of them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/20.md b/ezk/16/20.md index dc869c9a62..9e6175543d 100644 --- a/ezk/16/20.md +++ b/ezk/16/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. +# General Information: -## bore for me ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"gave birth to" +# whom you bore for me -## Are your acts of prostitution a small matter? ## +"who were my children" -AT: "you act like your acts of prostitution are not a serious sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# you sacrificed them to the images to be devoured as food ... put them into the fire -## slaughtered ## +Here Yahweh does not use a metaphor, but speaks of something that the people of Israel had actually done. They sacrificed their children to pagan idols. -killed \ No newline at end of file +# you sacrificed them to the images to be devoured as food + +In these ancient pagan sacrifices, the people believed that the gods would eat the food that they offered to them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you sacrificed them to the images so that those images could devour them as food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Are your acts of prostitution a small matter? You slaughtered + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the woman is acting as if her prostitution was not bad enough and so she decided to sacrifice her children, as well. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You must think that your acts of prostitution are a small matter, and so you slaughtered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# put them into the fire + +It is implicit that she put them into the fire in order to offer them as burnt offerings to her images. AT: "sacrificed them as burnt offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# naked and bare + +These two words mean the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:7](./06.md). AT: "completely naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/23.md b/ezk/16/23.md index e772cdc8e4..2c6883c22e 100644 --- a/ezk/16/23.md +++ b/ezk/16/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak to Jerusalem and the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -## you built yourself a ritual place, and have made a shrine ## +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -Both of these phrases refer to building a place to worship idols. The phrase is repeated in different ways to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# you built yourself a vaulted chamber in every public place + +Possible meanings are that she built a place where 1) she could worship her idols or 2) she could practice her prostitution. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/25.md b/ezk/16/25.md index 6f2dae0fc8..ba2e0768b6 100644 --- a/ezk/16/25.md +++ b/ezk/16/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. +# General Information: -## head of every road ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -The beginning of the road is referred to as its head. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# at the head of every road -## you opened up your legs ## - -describes a woman's willingness to have sex. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the beginning of a road as if it were its head. AT: "at the beginning of every road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/27.md b/ezk/16/27.md index 4bfb0472bd..a9566b6788 100644 --- a/ezk/16/27.md +++ b/ezk/16/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. +# General Information: -## I will strike you with my hand ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "I will act against you with my power" +# See! -## cut off your food ## +The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -refers to stopping the supply of food. +# I will strike you with my hand -## I will hand your life over ## +Here "hand" represents power. AT: "I will use my power to strike you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"I will give your life over" +# cut off your food -## the daughters of the Philistines ## +Yahweh speaks of stopping the supply of food as if it were cutting off the food. AT: "stop your food supply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Since Jerusalem has been referred to as a young woman, her enemy the Philistines are also referred to as young women. \ No newline at end of file +# I will hand your life over + +Here "life" represents the person. AT: "I will hand you over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the daughters of the Philistines + +Here Yahweh speaks of the cities of Philistia as if they were the daughters of the Philistines. The cities represent the people who live there. AT: "the Philistine people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/30.md b/ezk/16/30.md index 130105775b..b47bdc71dc 100644 --- a/ezk/16/30.md +++ b/ezk/16/30.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. -## Why is your heart so weak? ## +# How sick is your heart ... that you would do all these things, deeds of a shameless prostitute? -Here, the word "heart" refers to love and faithfulness. AT: "Why do you love me so little?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh asks the rhetorical question in order to rebuke Jerusalem. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Your heart must be very sick ... that you would do all these things, deeds of a shameless prostitute!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## promiscuous and shameless ## +# How sick is your heart -The word "promiscuous" refers to a person who has sex with many different people." The word "shameless" refers to a person who openly sins. Both of these words describe one thought. AT: "shamelessly promiscuous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) +Here the word "heart" represents the will and emotions. Yahweh speaks of her inability to control her desires as if her heart were sick. AT: "How weak-willed are you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## head of every street ## +# at the head of every street -See how this is translated in [Ezekiel 16:25](./25.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the beginning of a street as if it were its head. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 16:25](./25.md). AT: "at the beginning of every street" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# made your vaulted chamber + +Possible meanings are that she built a place where 1) she could worship her idols or 2) she could practice her prostitution. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:24](./23.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/32.md b/ezk/16/32.md index 72f084094d..8d40910576 100644 --- a/ezk/16/32.md +++ b/ezk/16/32.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. +# General Information: -## accept strangers ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This refers to accepting someone as a sexual partner. AT: "accept strangers for sex" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# you accept strangers instead of your husband -## sleep with them ## - -This is a polite way to refer to having sex. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to accepting someone to sleep with her. AT: "you accept strangers into your bed instead of your husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/35.md b/ezk/16/35.md index 869baa51c1..702f6b5738 100644 --- a/ezk/16/35.md +++ b/ezk/16/35.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. +# General Information: -## poured your lust out ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -The phrase "poured out" refers to giving of something without holding back and compares the woman freely acting on her lustful desires to water being poured out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# you have poured your lust out -## the blood of your children that you gave to your idols ## +Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem's lust as if it were liquid and of committing actions repeatedly to gratify that lust as if it were pouring that liquid from a container. AT: "you repeatedly committed actions to gratify your lust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# poured your lust out + +Some modern versions translate "poured your wealth out." + +# the blood of your children that you gave to your idols This refers to killing children as a sacrifice to idols. -## behold ## +# behold! -alerts us to pay attention to what follows. +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## nakedness ## +# so they can see all your nakedness -The word "nakedness" refers to a person being without clothing but also refers to seeing all of a person's faults. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Stripping a person naked in front of others was an action intended to humiliate the person. The word "nakedness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "so they can see you completely naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/38.md b/ezk/16/38.md index 663be7c292..7b9a6ddc91 100644 --- a/ezk/16/38.md +++ b/ezk/16/38.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh speaks about enemy soldiers as the lovers of Jerusalem +# General Information: -## throw down your ritual places and break down your shrines ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -These phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. This adds emphasis to the phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# the shedding of blood -## naked and bare ## +This phrase represents murder in any form. AT: "murder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Both of these words express the same thing. This adds emphasis to the words but if your language only has one word for "naked" that can be used. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I will bring on you the bloodshed of my anger and passion + +Here "bloodshed" represents murder in any form. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh speaks of punishing her for murder as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. AT: "In my anger and passion, I will punish you for committing murder" or 2) Yahweh speaks of putting her to death as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. AT: "In my anger and passion, I will shed your blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will give you into their hands + +Here "hands" represents power or control. AT: "I will place you in their control" or "I will allow them to have power over you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# throw down your vaulted chamber + +Possible meanings are that they will destroy 1) the place where she worshiped her idols or 2) the place where she practiced her prostitution. See how you translated "vaulted chamber" in [Ezekiel 16:24](./23.md). + +# naked and bare + +These two words mean the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:7](./06.md). AT: "completely naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/40.md b/ezk/16/40.md index dd555635fd..36cb3dd412 100644 --- a/ezk/16/40.md +++ b/ezk/16/40.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh speaks about enemy soldiers as the lovers of Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## I will calm my fury against you; my anger will leave you ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. He speaks about enemy soldiers as her lovers. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Yahweh's punishment of Jerusalem is referred to as his "anger" or "fury." Both words mean the same thing. AT: "I will not allow you to be punished anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# will perform many acts of punishment on you + +The word "punishment" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "will punish you in many different ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in the sight of many women + +"where many women can see" or "while many women watch" + +# I will calm my fury against you; my anger will leave you + +The words "fury" and "anger" refer to the punishment that Yahweh inflicts because he is angry. The two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "I will stop punishing you because I will no longer be angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/43.md b/ezk/16/43.md index 0a210dfb39..194393d1c1 100644 --- a/ezk/16/43.md +++ b/ezk/16/43.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. +# General Information: -## the days of your youth ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Yahweh is referring to earlier times. AT: "my kindness to you when you were young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# call to mind -## Behold ## +This idiom means to remember. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -“behold” alerts us to pay attention to what follows. +# have made me shake with anger because of all these things -## I myself will bring the punishment for your conduct on your own head ## +Here "shake" refers to a physical response that a person has when he is extremely angry. As Jerusalem was doing these things, she did not think about what Yahweh had done when she was young. -AT: "I will punish you for how you have acted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# behold! + +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# I myself will bring down on your own head the punishment for what you have done + +The idiom "bring ... on your own head" means that she will experience this punishment. See how you translated this idiom in [Ezekiel 11:21](../11/19.md). AT: "I will cause you to suffer the punishment for your conduct" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/44.md b/ezk/16/44.md index 88e497d780..4d13e9ab7e 100644 --- a/ezk/16/44.md +++ b/ezk/16/44.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. +# General Information: -## Behold ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -“behold” alerts us to pay attention to what follows. +# Behold! -## who detested her husband ## +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -"who hated her husband" \ No newline at end of file +# who detested her husband + +"who hated her husband" + +# Your mother was a Hittite, and your father was an Amorite + +The Amorites and Hittites were both pagan people groups who lived in the land before the people of Israel conquered it. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem's father and mother belonging to these people groups to express that she was born into idolatry. See how you translated these phrases in [Ezekiel 16:3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/46.md b/ezk/16/46.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9223fbbcdf --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/16/46.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Your older sister was Samaria ... your younger sister was the one living south of you, that is, Sodom + +Samaria and Sodom were both cities that Yahweh had judged for their idolatry and wickedness. Yahweh speaks of these cities being Jerusalem's sisters to express that she belonged to a family that practiced idolatry and wickedness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/47.md b/ezk/16/47.md index ee4046db51..b9991560cd 100644 --- a/ezk/16/47.md +++ b/ezk/16/47.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues to refer to other nations as relatives of Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## Now ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This word is used to mark a break in the teaching. Yahweh changes from his parable to command the people of Jerusalem. +# You not only walked in their ways -## do not walk in their ways or after their disgusting actions ## +The way a person lives is spoken of as if the person were walking on a path. AT: "You not only acted like them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "do not act like them or try to do the things that they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# copied their behavior and practices + +Here the words "behavior" and "practices" mean basically the same thing. AT: "copied the things that they did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# As I live + +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/49.md b/ezk/16/49.md index eb183a63f4..a9b7276d53 100644 --- a/ezk/16/49.md +++ b/ezk/16/49.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues to refer to other nations as relatives of Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## leisure, carelessness and unconcerned about anything ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -All three of these phrases refer to how the people of Sodom were rich and did not have to work for food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# arrogant in her leisure, careless and unconcerned about anything -## The hands of the poor and needy reached out to her and her daughters ## +Yahweh describes Sodom as a rich woman who has more than enough food and lives in security. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "The poor asked her and her daughters for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) AT: "the poor who are in need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# She did not strengthen the hands of the poor and needy people + +Here the word "hands" represents the people who work with their hands. The words "poor" and "needy" emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. AT: "She did not help the people who could not help themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/51.md b/ezk/16/51.md index 7d53852146..812aa918f5 100644 --- a/ezk/16/51.md +++ b/ezk/16/51.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues to refer to other nations as relatives of Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## you have shown that your sisters were better than you ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Yahweh uses this phrase three times. Repeating this phrase shows how important it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# you have shown that your sisters were better than you -## Especially you, show your own shame ## +Yahweh uses this phrase three times to emphasize that the wicked cities of Samaria and Sodom were more righteous than Jerusalem. -Yahweh uses this phrase two times. This is repeated to show how important it is that the people of Israel understand that their actions are wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Especially you, show your own shame + +Yahweh uses this phrase twice to emphasize how shamefully the people of Jerusalem have acted. + +# show your own shame + +"be ashamed" or "bear your disgrace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/53.md b/ezk/16/53.md index b1a9e7ed95..b33f394c84 100644 --- a/ezk/16/53.md +++ b/ezk/16/53.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ -Yahweh continues to refer to other nations as relatives of Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## fortunes ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fortunes "wealth" -## you will show your shame; you will be humiliated ## +# you will show your shame -Both of these phrases refer to Yahweh punishing Jerusalem in public. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"you will be ashamed" or "you will bear your disgrace" + +# you will be humiliated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will humiliate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will be a comfort to them + +The noun "comfort" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "you will comfort Sodom and Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your sister Sodom and her daughters will be restored to their former condition + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will restore your sister Sodom and her daughters to their former condition" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Samaria and her daughters will be restored to their former estate + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will restore your sister Samaria and her daughters to their former estate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# estate + +"condition" + +# you and your daughters will be restored to your former condition + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will restore you and your daughters to your former condition" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/56.md b/ezk/16/56.md index 89a60faa65..a1f39063eb 100644 --- a/ezk/16/56.md +++ b/ezk/16/56.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues to refer to other nations as relatives of Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## Sodom your sister was not even mentioned by your mouth ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "You would not even say the name of Sodom your sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# Sodom your sister was not even mentioned by your mouth -## you are an object of scorn ## +Here the word "mouth" represents the person who speaks. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You did not even mention your sister Sodom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -refers to Jerusalem as something people talk badly about. +# before your wickedness was revealed -## despise ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "before you revealed your wickedness" or "before I revealed your wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you are an object of scorn + +This refers to Jerusalem as something people talk badly about. + +# the daughters of Edom and to all the daughters of the Philistines + +Here Yahweh speaks of the cities of Edom and Philistia as if they were the daughters of Edom and of the Philistines. The cities represent the people who live there. AT: "the Edomite people and to all the Philistine people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# despise "hate" -## You will show your shame and your disgusting actions ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -"You will be humiliated and everyone will understand how sinful you have been" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/59.md b/ezk/16/59.md index b938b6ab67..3e26b6e9b0 100644 --- a/ezk/16/59.md +++ b/ezk/16/59.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak to Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## 'I will treat you as I treat anyone ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "I will punish you as I would punish anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# despised your oath by breaking the covenant -## despises an oath he took so he can break a covenant ## - -AT: "decides a promise means nothing so he can break a formal agreement" \ No newline at end of file +Jerusalem broke her marriage covenant with Yahweh, thereby showing that she did not care about the oaths that she had made to him. AT: "despised your oath to me by breaking the covenant that you made with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/60.md b/ezk/16/60.md index a6553eefd1..3314d053e9 100644 --- a/ezk/16/60.md +++ b/ezk/16/60.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues to refer to Jerusalem as an unfaithful wife and other nations as relatives of Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## call to mind ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"remember" \ No newline at end of file +# call to mind + +This idiom means to remember. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# made in the days of your youth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I made with you when you were young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/62.md b/ezk/16/62.md index bcc335f15e..d23175ce89 100644 --- a/ezk/16/62.md +++ b/ezk/16/62.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## call everything to mind ## +# know that I am Yahweh -"remember everything" +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## open your mouth to speak ## +# call everything to mind -AT: "say anything" \ No newline at end of file +This idiom means to remember. AT: "remember everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will no longer open your mouth to speak because of your shame + +This means that Jerusalem will be too ashamed to speak. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/16/intro.md b/ezk/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..465ddb9080 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 16 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +God compared Judah to an adulteress because she worshiped idols instead of God who had done so much to help her. Adultery is a common image used to describe the worship of idols by Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/01.md b/ezk/17/01.md index 08a835d593..dbd663ccaf 100644 --- a/ezk/17/01.md +++ b/ezk/17/01.md @@ -1,45 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Ezekiel reports a message that God gives him. -## The word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# The word of Yahweh came -Alternate translations: "Yahweh spoke these words to me" or "Yahweh spoke to me and said." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Son of man ## +# Son of man -This refers to Ezekiel. This phrase is the beginning of the words Yahweh spoke to Ezekiel. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## present a riddle and speak a parable ## +# present a riddle and speak a parable -"give them a puzzle to think about" or "tell this story as an illustration" (UDB) +"give them a puzzle to think about" or "tell this story as an illustration" -## the house of Israel ## +# the house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# long pinions, full of feathers -"This is what the Lord Yahweh says." The phrase is the beginning of the words Yahweh wants Ezekiel to say to the people of Israel. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +"the ends of its wings were long and full of feathers." The word "pinion" means the outer end of the wings. -## A great eagle ## +# that was multicolored -"a very big eagle" +The eagle's feathers were many different colors. -## long pinions, full of feathers ## - -The word "pinion" means the outer end of the wings. Alternate translation: "the ends of its wings were long and full of feathers." - -## that was multi-colored ## - -colored** - This refers to the eagle. - -## It broke off the tips of the branches ## +# It broke off the tips of the branches "It broke off the highest part of the tree" -## brought them ## +# took them -"brought the top of the tree" or "brought the branches" +"took the top of the tree" or "took the branches" -## he planted it in a city of merchants ## +# he planted it in a city of merchants -A merchant is a person who sells things. "He put it in a city that had many merchants" or "The eagle planted the top of the tree in a city that was known for its markets." \ No newline at end of file +"he planted it in a city that had many merchants." A merchant is a person who sells things. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/05.md b/ezk/17/05.md index 8692f26d49..517b277e34 100644 --- a/ezk/17/05.md +++ b/ezk/17/05.md @@ -1,41 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + This is a continuation of the parable about the eagle. -## he also took ## +# He also took The word "he" is the eagle in the parable. -## ground ready for sowing ## +# fertile soil -"a field that was ready for seed to be planted in it." Alternate translations: "a fertile field" or "in good ground." +"good ground" -## He set it beside a large body of water ## +# He placed it beside a large body of water "the eagle planted the seed in a place where there was a lot of water" -## planted it like a willow ## +# planted it ... like a willow -Willow trees grow in places where there is a lot of water. If the eagle planted the seed like a willow, it means that he planted it in a place with a lot of water. Alternate translation: "and planted the seed like a willow tree by water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Willow trees grow in places where there is a lot of water. If the eagle planted the seed like a willow, it means that he planted it in a place with a lot of water. AT: "and planted the seed like one would plant a willow tree by water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Then it sprouted ## +# Then it sprouted "Then the seed began to grow into a plant" -## a spreading vine low to the ground ## +# a spreading vine low to the ground "a vine that spreads out on the ground" -## its branches turned toward him ## +# Its branches turned toward him -The branches of the vine turned toward the eagle. +The branches of the vine turned toward the eagle. This means that they began to grow upward towards the sky. -## its roots grew under him ## +# its roots grew under it -The roots of the vine grew under the eagle. +Possible meanings are 1) "its roots grew under itself into the ground" or "the roots of the vine grew under the eagle." -## So it became a vine ## +# So it became a vine "That is how the vine grew" -## produced branches and sent out shoots ## +# produced branches and sent out shoots "grew branches and spread its shoots" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/07.md b/ezk/17/07.md index 1b3cbc3953..99595a69a0 100644 --- a/ezk/17/07.md +++ b/ezk/17/07.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ -The introductory "but" shows that a different eagle is being describe than the one before. +# General Information: -## great eagle ## +The introductory "but" shows that a different eagle is being described other than the one before. -The eagle is large, powerful, and impressive bird. +# another great eagle -## behold ## +"another large eagle" + +# Behold! The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## The vine turned its roots towards the eagle ## +# This vine turned its roots toward the eagle -AT: "The roots of the vine grew towards the eagle" +Yahweh speaks of the vine as if it were able to behave like a person and intentionally turned its roots toward the other eagle to receive nourishment from it. AT: "The roots of the vine grew toward the eagle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## so it would be watered ## +# from the place it had been planted so it would be watered -AT: "so the eagle would water the vine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "from the place that the first eagle had planted it so that it would have water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## It had been planted ## +# It had been planted -AT: "the first eagle had planted the vine." - -## beside a large body of water ## - -AT: "in a place where there was a lot of water" - -## so it would produce branches and bring forth fruit, to become a magnificent vine ## - -AT: "so that the vine would grow branches and fruit and be an impressive vine" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The first eagle had planted the vine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/09.md b/ezk/17/09.md index 7cdff5f14c..bcd3902806 100644 --- a/ezk/17/09.md +++ b/ezk/17/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Will it prosper?...will it grow? ## +# Will it prosper? -AT: "It will not grow." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh asks this as a leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This can be translated as as statement. AT: "It will not prosper." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Won't he pull up its roots and pluck out its fruit so all of its growth of leaves will wither away? ## +# Will it not be uprooted and stripped of its fruit so that it withers, and all its fresh growth will wither? -AT: "He will pull up its roots and pluck out its fruit so all of its growth of leaves will wither away." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the vine will certainly be judged. The question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. AT: "Someone will pull up its roots and pluck out its fruit so all of its growth of leaves will wither away." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## behold ## +# No strong arm or many people will be needed to pull it out -The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. ("indeed", "look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you." +The phrase "strong arm" represents a strong person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "There will be no need for a strong person or many people to pull it out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Will it not wither when the eastern wind touches it? ## +# behold -AT: "It will wither when the eastern wind touches it." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). \ No newline at end of file +"look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# will it grow? + +Yahweh asks this as a leading question to emphasize the negative answer. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "It will not grow." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will it not wither when the eastern wind touches it? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that this will certainly happen. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "It will wither when the eastern wind touches it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). + +# when the eastern wind touches it + +"when the eastern wind blows on it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/11.md b/ezk/17/11.md index 9bf289823b..154a76dedc 100644 --- a/ezk/17/11.md +++ b/ezk/17/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Don't you know what these things are saying? ## +# the word of Yahweh came -"You should know what these things are saying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Behold! ## +# the rebellious house -“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” \ No newline at end of file +This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/04.md). AT: "the rebellious people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do you not know what these things mean? + +Yahweh asks this as a leading question in order to provide the answer. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "This is what these things mean." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Behold + +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# her king and her princes + +The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/13.md b/ezk/17/13.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1b0ca16ffd --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/17/13.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# brought him under an oath + +"made him swear an oath" + +# so the kingdom might become lowly and not lift itself up + +The kingdom being small and weak is spoken of as if it were lowly and being large and powerful as if it lifted itself up. AT: "so the kingdom might remain small and not become great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land will survive + +Here the word "land" represents the kingdom of Judah and the people in it. AT: "the kingdom will continue to exist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/15.md b/ezk/17/15.md index c6e9eba4e5..b46aefbe5a 100644 --- a/ezk/17/15.md +++ b/ezk/17/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh speaks about the king of Jerusalem rebelling against the king of Babylon. -## Will he succeed? - ## +# Will he succeed? -** - AT: "He will certainly not succeed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He will certainly not succeed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Will the one doing these things escape? ## +# Will the one doing these things escape? -AT: "The one doing these things will not escape!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This may be translated as a statement. AT: "The one doing these things will not escape." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## If he violates the covenant, will he escape? ## +# If he breaks the covenant, will he escape? -AT: "If he violates the covenant, he will certainly not escape!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) "Violate" means to do what was agreed on. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This question can be translated as as statement. AT: "If he breaks the covenant, he will certainly not escape." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# As I live + +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the land of the king who made him king, the king whose oath he despised + +"the land of the king of Babylon who made him King of Judah, the king of Babylon whose oath he despised" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/17.md b/ezk/17/17.md index 8dea39b5cc..905029842b 100644 --- a/ezk/17/17.md +++ b/ezk/17/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh speaking about the king of Jerusalem. -## siege walls ## +# his mighty army and a great company of men + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how large and strong Pharaoh's army is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# will not help him + +Here the word "him" refers to the king of Judah. + +# siege walls this refers to a tower with ladders that can be placed next to a wall and allow soldiers to get over the wall and into the city. -## behold ## +# to cut off many lives -“behold” adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed.” +"to kill many people" -## reached out his hand to promise ## +# Behold -taking hold of another person's hand as a sign of friendship and agreement. \ No newline at end of file +"Indeed." The word "behold" adds emphasis to what follows. + +# reached out with his hand to make a promise + +This refers to taking hold of another person's hand as a sign of friendship and agreement. Here it represents the covenant oath that he made with the king of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/19.md b/ezk/17/19.md index a965e90eb9..d4e62c84ee 100644 --- a/ezk/17/19.md +++ b/ezk/17/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## was it not my oath that he despised and my covenant that he broke? ## +# was it not my oath that he despised and my covenant that he broke? -"it was my oath that the king of Jerusalem despised and my covenant that he broke." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the affirmative answer. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "it was my oath that the king of Jerusalem despised and my covenant that he broke." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). -## I will bring his punishment on his head ## +# I will bring his punishment on his head -AT: "I will punish him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The idiom "bring ... on his head" means that he will experience this punishment. See how you translated this idiom in [Ezekiel 11:21](../11/19.md). AT: "I will cause him to suffer his punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## fall by the sword ## +# I will spread my net out over him, and he will be caught in my hunting net -AT: "be killed by Babylon's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of enabling the enemy army to capture the king as if he were trapping the king in a net. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will be caught in my hunting net + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will catch him in my hunting net" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All of his refugees ... armies will fall by the sword + +The word "fall" is a euphemism for "die." Here the word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people with swords. AT: "Soldiers will kill all his refugees ... armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the ones who remain will be scattered in every direction + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the ones who remain alive will flee in every direction" or "the enemy soldiers will scatter in every directions the ones who remain alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/22.md b/ezk/17/22.md index b328b61d7c..6114923e15 100644 --- a/ezk/17/22.md +++ b/ezk/17/22.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh speaking about Jerusalem like it's a branch planted in the mountains of Israel. +# General Information: -## bear branches ## +Yahweh resumes the parable that he had told in [Ezekiel 17:1](./01.md) and speaks about Jerusalem as if it were a branch that he plants on the mountains of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"create new branches" \ No newline at end of file +# bear branches + +"grow new branches" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/24.md b/ezk/17/24.md index ca4fb34d6d..42d612020a 100644 --- a/ezk/17/24.md +++ b/ezk/17/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh speaks about trees like they are cities. +# General Information: -## Then all the trees of the field shall know that I am Yahweh ## +Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a branch that he plants on the mountains of Israel and of other nations as if they were other trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# Then all the trees of the field will know that I am Yahweh -## high trees...low trees ## +Yahweh speaks of trees as if they are people who can know about him. The trees represent the nations and the people who live in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# I bring down the high trees and I raise up the low trees -## wither ## +"I cut down the tall trees and I cause the little trees to grow" + +# wither when a plant dries up and dies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/17/intro.md b/ezk/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5e9a80af17 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ezekiel 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Breaking allegiance ##### + +The king of Judah had vowed to obey Babylon but instead he followed Egypt. Therefore, God said he would not prosper. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +Judah is compared to a vine that grows one direction and then another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/01.md b/ezk/18/01.md index bba2a388df..a13d77275a 100644 --- a/ezk/18/01.md +++ b/ezk/18/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## What do you mean...‘Fathers eat sour grapes, and the children’s teeth made blunt’? ## +# The word of Yahweh came to me again -AT: "Children are punished by God because of their parents' wicked deeds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The phrase "the word of Yahweh came" is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. AT: "Yahweh spoke to me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## land of Israel ## +# What do you mean, you who use this proverb ... 'Fathers eat sour grapes, and the children's teeth are made blunt'? -This refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel something he already knows. The question is a rebuke for the people who use the proverb. AT: "The people in the land of Israel have this proverb ... 'Fathers eat sour grapes, and the children's teeth are made blunt'." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What do you mean, you who use this proverb + +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# land of Israel + +This refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Fathers eat sour grapes, and the children's teeth are made blunt + +This proverbs means that children experience the consequences of their parents' actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# the children's teeth are made blunt + +The idiom "teeth are made blunt" refers to the sour taste in one's mouth that is a result of eating unripe or sour fruit. AT: "the children get a sour taste in their mouths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/03.md b/ezk/18/03.md index 843d3e1bb9..1e78d32ca9 100644 --- a/ezk/18/03.md +++ b/ezk/18/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Behold ## +# As I live -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as “indeed”. This can also be translated as “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” \ No newline at end of file +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Behold! + +The word "Behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# The soul who sins + +Here the word "soul" represents the person. AT: "The person who sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/05.md b/ezk/18/05.md index 7a7f33c5a2..2da85bafe9 100644 --- a/ezk/18/05.md +++ b/ezk/18/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## and has not eaten on the mountains...nor lifted up his eyes to the idols ## +# he does not eat upon the mountains -These are both phrases referring to idol worship. People ate the food at the mountain temples to honor the idols. The phrase "lifted up his eyes" refers to looking at the idols and honoring them. AT: "and has not honored idol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has not participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. AT: "he does not eat meat sacrificed to idols on the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lift up his eyes to the idols + +The idiom "lift up his eyes" refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. AT: "worship the idols" or "pray to the idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# approached a woman during her monthly period + +It is implicit that he has not approached a woman in order to sleep with her. AT: "approached a woman to sleep with her during her monthly period" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/07.md b/ezk/18/07.md index 58ba9de12a..08cccbdf20 100644 --- a/ezk/18/07.md +++ b/ezk/18/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## interest ## +# gives back to the debtor what was put up as security for a loan -"additional money" - -## excessive ## - -"too much" - -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +"returns to the debtor the item that the debtor gave him as security for the loan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/08.md b/ezk/18/08.md index 3f67a9a79f..7709fba390 100644 --- a/ezk/18/08.md +++ b/ezk/18/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to describe the actions of the righteous man. -## interest ## +# interest -This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. +This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret "any interest" in this passage as "too much interest." -## injustice ## +# establishes faithfulness between people -the unfair treatment of all people under the laws of God and country. +This means that he judges fairly the disputes that may arise between people. -## he turns his hand to justice ## +# that man walks in my statutes -The phrase "turns his hand" describes the effort of working to establish justice (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of a person obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path in which the person walks. AT: "that man obeys my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/10.md b/ezk/18/10.md index 4edd57a596..7e0111be70 100644 --- a/ezk/18/10.md +++ b/ezk/18/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## sheds blood ## +# who sheds blood -This phrase refers to killing someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This phrase represents murder in any form. AT: "who murders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## any of these things ## +# any one of these things -This refers to the sinful actions mentioned in 18:11-[Ezekiel 18:12](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the sinful actions that Yahweh had mentioned beginning in [Ezekiel 18:5](./05.md). + +# eats upon the mountains + +People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:5](./05.md). AT: "eats meat sacrificed to idols upon the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/12.md b/ezk/18/12.md index cd7b3865c4..ac63e593ac 100644 --- a/ezk/18/12.md +++ b/ezk/18/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak about the violent son. -## the poor and needy ## +# the poor and needy -Both of these are people who are poor. Needy people are those who need help to survive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "poor" and "needy" share similar meanings and emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## charging interest ## +# he lifts up his eyes to the idols -The word 'interest' refers to money added to a debt. +The idiom "lifts up his eyes" refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:6](./05.md). AT: "he worships the idols" or "he prays to the idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## should he live? ## +# interest -"He should not live!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret "any interest" in this passage as "too much interest." -## his blood is upon him ## +# should that man live? Surely he will not! -This phrase means he is responsible for his own death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh asks this as a leading question in order to emphasize the negative answer. AT: "he will certainly not live!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# his blood will be on him + +Here the word "blood" represents death. For blood to be on a person is an idiom that means the person is responsible for that death. AT: "he will be responsible for his own death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/14.md b/ezk/18/14.md index a49c23bd15..b96b789eba 100644 --- a/ezk/18/14.md +++ b/ezk/18/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Behold ## +# behold! The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## committed ## +# That son does not eat upon the mountains -"done" \ No newline at end of file +People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has not participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:6](./05.md). AT: "That son does not eat meat sacrificed to idols upon the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he does not lift up his eyes to the idols + +The idiom "lifted up his eyes" refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:6](./05.md). AT: "he does not worship the idols" or "he does not pray to the idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/16.md b/ezk/18/16.md index 00c6823c25..43cb2e2c5b 100644 --- a/ezk/18/16.md +++ b/ezk/18/16.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak about the son who does not commit the same sins as his father. -## interest ## +# interest -The word 'interest' refers to the money added to a debt. \ No newline at end of file +This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret "interest" in this passage as "too much interest." + +# walks according to my statutes + +Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if his statutes were a path in which the person walks. AT: "obeys my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/18.md b/ezk/18/18.md index 73103888f4..98510bf1ff 100644 --- a/ezk/18/18.md +++ b/ezk/18/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh speaks about the son's father who has not obeyed God's law. -## extortion ## +# extortion to take something from someone else by using threats or force. -## Behold ## +# robbed his brother -The world "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. \ No newline at end of file +"robbed his fellow Israelite" + +# behold + +The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# in his iniquity + +"because of his iniquity" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/19.md b/ezk/18/19.md index 608610f6b7..dfef9840a2 100644 --- a/ezk/18/19.md +++ b/ezk/18/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Why does the son not bear the iniquity ## +# Why does the son not bear the iniquity of his father? -AT: "Why is the son not responsible for the iniquity" +Yahweh speaks of a person being responsible for or guilty of iniquity as if the iniquity were an object that the person carries. AT: "Why is the son not responsible for the iniquity of his father?" or "Why is the son not guilty of the iniquity of his father?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The righteousness of the one who acts rightly will be on himself ## +# The righteousness of the one who acts rightly will be on himself -AT: "The one who does what is right will be considered righteous" +For righteousness to be on a person is an idiom that means the person is responsible for that righteousness. AT: "The one who acts rightly will be responsible for his own righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the wickedness of the wicked person will be on himself ## +# the wickedness of the wicked will be on himself -AT: "the one who does what is wicked will be considered wicked" \ No newline at end of file +For wickedness to be on a person is an idiom that means the person is responsible for that wickedness. AT: "the wicked person will be responsible for his own wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/21.md b/ezk/18/21.md index 51f87e55ff..22d281a42b 100644 --- a/ezk/18/21.md +++ b/ezk/18/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh speaking of the wicked person who changes and does what is righteous. -## be called to mind ## +# All the transgressions that he has committed will not be called to mind against him -AT: "be remembered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The idiom "call to mind" means to remember. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not remember all the transgressions that he has committed and will not hold them against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## He will live by the righteousness that he practices ## +# by the righteousness that he practices -He will continue to live because he does the right things" \ No newline at end of file +"because of the righteous things he has done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/23.md b/ezk/18/23.md index 45e49483cb..8a616b5531 100644 --- a/ezk/18/23.md +++ b/ezk/18/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh speaking about his desire for wicked people. +# General Information: -## Do I greatly rejoice in the death of the wicked, . . . and not in his turning away from his way so he will live? ## +Yahweh speaks about his desire for wicked people. -AT: "I do not greatly rejoice in the death of the wicked, but I do rejoice if he turns away from his evil actions and lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Do I greatly rejoice over the death of the wicked ... and not in his turning away from his way so that he may live? -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question in order to emphasize the opposite. AT: "I do not greatly rejoice over the death of the wicked ... but I do greatly rejoice if he turns away from his way so that he may live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -## not in his turning away from his way​ ## +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -AT: "not changing from his sinful actions to do what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# not in his turning away from his way + +Yahweh speaks of a person's lifestyle or behavior as if it were a way on which the person walks. The idiom "to turn away" from something means to stop doing that thing. AT: "not in his ceasing to live the way that he lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/24.md b/ezk/18/24.md index 6d19514e2d..adaec67a98 100644 --- a/ezk/18/24.md +++ b/ezk/18/24.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh gives an example of a man who turns from righteousness to wickedness. -## Will he live? ## +# then will he live? -AT: "he must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer. AT: "then he will surely not live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## called to mind ## +# All the righteousness that he had done will not be called to mind -AT: "remembered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The idiom "call to mind" means to remember. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not remember all the righteousness that he had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## treason ## +# treason -crime done against a country or against God, by someone who is expected to be loyal. +crime done against a country or against God, by someone who is expected to be loyal -## So he will die in the sins that he sins ## +# he will die in the sins -AT: "Therefore, he will die for the sins he committed." \ No newline at end of file +"he will die because of the sins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/25.md b/ezk/18/25.md index d9a5fb5ba8..ca9fad3bb5 100644 --- a/ezk/18/25.md +++ b/ezk/18/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## dies because of them...dies in the iniquity that he has done ## +# house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Are my ways unfair? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer. AT: "My ways are not unfair." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is it not your ways that are unfair? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer. AT: "It is your ways that are unfair." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# dies because of them ... die in the iniquity that he has done These phrases repeat the thought of a man dying because of his sin to express that it was his fault and the fault of no one else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/27.md b/ezk/18/27.md index b1f1704916..d6b5f0a0a5 100644 --- a/ezk/18/27.md +++ b/ezk/18/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## ## +# he has seen -he has seen** - he has realized something.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the person thinking about and understanding something as if the person were seeing it. AT: "he has considered" or "he has understood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/29.md b/ezk/18/29.md index 5fb2e38dfc..abbb7c6b5d 100644 --- a/ezk/18/29.md +++ b/ezk/18/29.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to teach the people of Israel why his way is fair. -## How is my way not fair, house of Israel? ## +# house of Israel -AT: "My way is certainly fair, people of Israel." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## How is your way not fair? - ## +# The way of the Lord is not fair ... How is my way not fair ... It is your ways that are not fair -** AT: "It is your ways that are not fair" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Actions or behaviors are spoken of as if they were a way or path that a person travels. AT: "The Lord does not act fairly ... How do I not act fairly ... It is you who do not act fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Each man among you according to his own way ## +# according to his ways -AT: "the actions of each man." +Yahweh speaks of a person's actions as if the person were walking along a path. AT: "according to his actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## so that they will not ## +# turn away from all your transgressions so that they will not be stumbling blocks of iniquity against you -"they" refers to all the transgressions of the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of "transgressions" causing people to rebel against him as if they were blocks over which the people stumble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stumbling blocks of iniquity against you + +Possible meanings are 1) the stumbling blocks cause the person to commit more iniquity. AT: "stumbling blocks that cause you to commit more iniquity" or 2) The word "iniquity" is a metonym for the punishment that a person receives for his iniquity. AT: "stumbling blocks that lead to your punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/31.md b/ezk/18/31.md index f511f4efcd..dfa92fa333 100644 --- a/ezk/18/31.md +++ b/ezk/18/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## and make a new heart and a new spirit for yourselves​ ## +# Throw away from yourselves all of the transgressions that you have committed -AT: "and completely change who you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Yahweh speaks of the people determining to stop committing transgressions as if the transgressions were objects, such as clothing, that they removed and threw away. AT: "Get rid of all of the transgressions that you have committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the house of Israel ## +# make for yourselves a new heart and a new spirit -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +Here the word "heart" represents the will and emotions and the word "spirit" represents the thoughts and disposition. Yahweh speaks of the people having new emotions and thoughts as if they were making a new heart and spirit for themselves. AT: "get for yourselves new emotions and a new way of thinking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# Why should you die, house of Israel? -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to comfort the people of Israel. AT: "There is no reason for you to die, house of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/18/intro.md b/ezk/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a63b309579 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Inherited Guilt ##### + +God does not punish children for the sins of their parents, but only punishes them for their own sins. Despite this, the parents' sins may still have consequences for their children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/19/01.md b/ezk/19/01.md index 04e7e93a92..b8509c13de 100644 --- a/ezk/19/01.md +++ b/ezk/19/01.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to the people of Israel. He tells a story where the nation of Israel is a lioness and some of the past kings in the kingdom of Judah are her cubs. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to the people of Israel. He tells a story where the nation of Israel is a lioness and some of the past kings in the kingdom of Judah are her cubs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# take up a lamentation + +This idiom means to sing a lamentation. AT: "sing a lamentation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Who was your mother? + +Yahweh asks this ask a leading question in order to introduce the answer. AT: "This is who your mother is." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# lioness + +a female lion + +# He was caught in their trap + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They caught him in their trap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/19/05.md b/ezk/19/05.md index aef8c69c2f..76f482dab9 100644 --- a/ezk/19/05.md +++ b/ezk/19/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues to describe the nation of Israel as a lioness and the kings of the kingdom of Judah as her cubs. +# General Information: -## so she took another of her cubs ## +Yahweh continues to describe the nation of Israel as a lioness and the kings of the kingdom of Judah as her cubs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Yahweh now compares Jehoiachin with a young lion cub. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# He seized their widows -## and its fullness ## +"He seized the widows of the men whom he devoured" -"and everything in it" \ No newline at end of file +# The land and its fullness were abandoned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People abandoned the land and its fullness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its fullness + +"everything in it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/19/08.md b/ezk/19/08.md index 74301b4ee0..bec5320111 100644 --- a/ezk/19/08.md +++ b/ezk/19/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues to describe the nation of Israel as a lioness and the kings of the kingdom of Judah as her cubs. +# General Information: -## against him ## +Yahweh continues to describe the nation of Israel as a lioness and the kings of the kingdom of Judah as her cubs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The word "him" refers to the second young lion, who represents Jehoiachin. +# from the surrounding provinces -## from the surrounding provinces ## +"from the provinces surrounding the land of Israel" -AT: "from the provinces surrounding the land of Israel." (See: [{en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]]) +# He was caught in their trap -## provinces ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They caught him in their trap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -countries that were ruled by Babylon \ No newline at end of file +# his voice would no longer be heard + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people would no longer hear his voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/19/10.md b/ezk/19/10.md index 274333d762..238bf046cf 100644 --- a/ezk/19/10.md +++ b/ezk/19/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## mother ## +# General Information: -Yahweh describes the nation of Israel as though it was the mother of the princes of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of the nation of Israel as though it was the mother of the leaders of Israel. Here he begins to tell a story where she is a prosperous vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in your blood ## +# a vine planted in your blood -It is implied that this is the blood of grapes. AT: "in the blood of your grapes" or "in your wine." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are that "blood" represents 1) the violence of the kings of Judah who had murdered people. AT: "a vine planted by means of violence" or 2) The plentiful wine of Judah which had become a symbol of prosperity. AT: "a vine planted in your prosperity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# strong branches that were used for rulers' scepters + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "branches strong enough that people used them for rulers' scepters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its height was seen by the greatness of its foliage + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people could see how tall it was by the greatness of its foliage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/19/12.md b/ezk/19/12.md index 6801476fa9..2452553e20 100644 --- a/ezk/19/12.md +++ b/ezk/19/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues to compare Israel with a vine and her leaders with the strong branches of the vine. +# General Information: -## ## +Yahweh continues to tell a story in which the nation of Israel is a vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -were broken off** - "he broke off" \ No newline at end of file +# the vine was uprooted in fury and thrown down + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh uprooted the vine in fury and threw it down" or "people uprooted the vine in fury and threw it down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Its strong branches were broken off and withered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh broke off its strong branches and they withered" or "People broke off its strong branches and they withered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in a land of drought and thirst + +The very dry land is spoken of as if it were thirsty. AT: "in a very dry land of drought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/19/14.md b/ezk/19/14.md index 87a958099c..ed79e9bb89 100644 --- a/ezk/19/14.md +++ b/ezk/19/14.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues to compare Israel with a vine and her leaders with the strong branches of the vine. +# General Information: -## to rule ## +Yahweh continues to tell a story in which the nation of Israel is a vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"that a king could use to rule" \ No newline at end of file +# no scepter to rule + +The implicit information may be supplied from [Ezekiel 19:11](./10.md). AT: "no branch strong enough for a ruler's scepter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will be sung as a lamentation + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must sing it as a lamentation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/19/intro.md b/ezk/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e9091d3b00 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ezekiel 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Judah destroyed ##### + +The first king was taken as a captive to Egypt, the next was taken as a captive to Babylon. Now Judah is not prospering. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The kings of Judah are compared to man-eating lions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/01.md b/ezk/20/01.md index 0f9e799522..2bb4e65e77 100644 --- a/ezk/20/01.md +++ b/ezk/20/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## It came about ## +# It came about This phrase is used to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. -## before me ## +# in the seventh year + +The implicit information may be supplied. AT: "in the seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the tenth day of the fifth month + +This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# before me "in front of me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/02.md b/ezk/20/02.md index 9c764584c7..f8abf79f14 100644 --- a/ezk/20/02.md +++ b/ezk/20/02.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## As I live ## +# the word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I will not be inquired of by you ## +# Son of man -AT: "I will not allow you to ask for any message from me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# As I live + +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Have you come to inquire of me? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the elders should not be inquiring of him. AT: "You should not come to inquire of me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I will not be inquired of by you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not allow you to inquire of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/04.md b/ezk/20/04.md index c5f43d2047..e82047c261 100644 --- a/ezk/20/04.md +++ b/ezk/20/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Will you judge them? Will you judge, Son of man ## +# Will you judge them? Will you judge, son of man? -AT: "You judge them, Son of man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh asks Ezekiel the same question twice in order to secure Ezekiel's commitment to pronounce the judgement. AT: "Are you ready to pronounce judgment on them, son of man?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## It was flowing with milk and honey ## +# I ... raised my hand to swear an oath -"A land where plenty of milk and honey flowed." AT: "It was very fertile land" or "It was land where animals and plants grew very well." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "raised my hand" is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. AT: "I ... solemnly swore an oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the house of Jacob + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Jacob over many years. Translate "the house of" as in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It was flowing with milk and honey + +"It was a land where plenty of milk and honey flowed." Yahweh speaks of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. AT: "It was land that was excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the most beautiful ornament among all the lands + +The lands in which people live are spoken of as if they are jewelry or other things that are pleasant to look at. AT: "the most beautiful of all lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/07.md b/ezk/20/07.md index 2d209f5dea..53b8595329 100644 --- a/ezk/20/07.md +++ b/ezk/20/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## to them ## +# to them "to the descendants of the house of Jacob" -## from before his eyes ## +# the detestable things from before his eyes -This phrase means "that he loves" or "that he worships." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the people worshiping the detestable things as if they had placed those idols in front of their eyes. AT: "the detestable things that he worships" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the idols of Egypt + +"throw away the idols of Egypt" + +# Do not make yourselves unclean + +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/08.md b/ezk/20/08.md index 83cfe32057..f3746986c2 100644 --- a/ezk/20/08.md +++ b/ezk/20/08.md @@ -1,25 +1,47 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## they were unwilling to listen to me ## +# they rebelled against me -"they would not obey me." The word "they" refers to "the descendants of the house of Jacob." +The word "they" refers to "the descendants of the house of Jacob." -## so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations ## +# were unwilling to listen to me -This phrase means "so the nations would not think that my name was unholy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"would not obey me" -## they were staying ## +# the detestable things from before his eyes -"they were living." +Yahweh speaks of the people worshiping the detestable things as if they had placed those idols in front of their eyes. AT: "the detestable things that he worshiped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I made myself known to them ## +# to pour out my fury upon them -"I showed the nations who I am" +Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. AT: "to act against them in my fury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in their eyes ## +# for my name's sake -"in a way that the nations could see" +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. AT: "for the sake of my reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## bringing them ## +# so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations -"bringing the people of the house of Jacob" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the eyes + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "in the opinion" or "in the judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the nations + +The word "nations" is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. AT: "the people who live in other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they were staying + +"they were living" + +# I made myself known to them, in their eyes + +Here the word "them" refers to the nations. The idiom "in their eyes" refers to being in a position where people can see. AT: "I revealed myself to them, in their presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# bringing them + +"bringing the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/10.md b/ezk/20/10.md index 1e120b4e26..910c4cbf4f 100644 --- a/ezk/20/10.md +++ b/ezk/20/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## I sent them ## +# I sent them -The word "them" refers to "the descendants of the house of Jacob." \ No newline at end of file +The word "them" refers to "the descendants of the house of Jacob." + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/13.md b/ezk/20/13.md index ad1e30e13d..e9bbf1330c 100644 --- a/ezk/20/13.md +++ b/ezk/20/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## pour out my fury ## +# They did not walk in my statutes -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:8](./08.md). +Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path along which a person walks. AT: "They did not obey my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I acted for my name’s sake so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations ## +# I would pour out my fury upon them -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:8](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:8](./08.md). AT: "I would act against them in my fury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in order to end them + +The euphemism "to end them" refers to killing them. AT: "in order to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# I acted for my name's sake + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](./08.md). AT: "I acted for the sake of my reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations + +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](./08.md). AT: "so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the eyes of the nations + +Here the "nations" refer to the people who live in those places. The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](./08.md). AT: "in the thoughts of the people in other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in whose sight I had brought them out of Egypt + +"in whose presence I brought my people out of Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/15.md b/ezk/20/15.md index 711013013f..04b4a3f8a6 100644 --- a/ezk/20/15.md +++ b/ezk/20/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## raised my hand to swear an oath ## +# I myself also raised my hand to swear an oath -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:4](./04.md). +Here "raised my hand" is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:5](./04.md). AT: "I myself also solemnly swore an oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## to them ## +# to them "to the house of Israel" -## But my eye had compassion for them ## +# a land flowing with milk and honey -AT: "But I still pitied them." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"a land where plenty of milk and honey flowed." Yahweh speaks of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:6](./04.md). AT: "a land that was excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## because of their destruction ## +# the most beautiful ornament among all the lands -"and I did not destroy them" \ No newline at end of file +The lands in which people live are spoken of as if they are jewelry or other things that are pleasant to look at. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:6](./04.md). AT: "the most beautiful of all lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# did not walk in my statutes + +Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if they were a path along which a person walks. AT: "did not obey my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their hearts walked after their idols + +Here the word "heart" represents the person's thoughts and emotions. Yahweh speaks of being dedicated to idols as if a person's heart walked after them. AT: "they were dedicated to worshiping their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my eye spared them + +Here the word "eye" represents Yahweh. AT: "I spared them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/18.md b/ezk/20/18.md index e0466f1d68..7d240b5e85 100644 --- a/ezk/20/18.md +++ b/ezk/20/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## Do not walk according to the statutes of your parents ## +# Do not walk according to the statutes of your parents ... walk in my statutes -"Do not do the things that your parents commanded you to do" +Yahweh speaks of a person obeying statutes as if the statutes were paths along with a person walks. AT: "Do not obey the statutes of your parents ... obey my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## do not keep their decrees ## +# keep my decrees and obey them -"do not obey their rules" - -## will know that I am Yahweh ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +To "keep" Yahweh's decrees is the same as to "obey them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/21.md b/ezk/20/21.md index 408a44141b..3d5dfe3966 100644 --- a/ezk/20/21.md +++ b/ezk/20/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## They did not walk in my statutes ## +# They did not walk in my statutes -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:13](./13.md). +Yahweh speaks of a person obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path along which the person walks. AT: "They did not obey my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## so I determined to pour out my fury upon them to satisfy my wrath ## +# to pour out my fury upon them -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:8](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:8](./08.md). AT: "to act against them in my fury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I turned my hand away + +Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh and turning his hand away means that he does not do what he was going to do. AT: "But I did not do that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for my name's sake + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. AT: "for the sake of my reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations + +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](./08.md). AT: "so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the eyes of the nations + +Here the "nations" refer to the people who live in those places. The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "in the thoughts of the people in other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/23.md b/ezk/20/23.md index cd9755f6c4..dc0db3e293 100644 --- a/ezk/20/23.md +++ b/ezk/20/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## raised my hand to them ## +# I myself also lifted up my hand to swear -It was a common practice to take an oath by raising a hand toward heaven. +Here "lifted up my hand" is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. AT: "I myself also solemnly swore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Their eyes were longing after their fathers’ idols ## +# scatter them among the nations and disperse them among the lands -AT: "they were eager to worship the idols that their parents had worshiped." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/14.md). AT: "cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Their eyes were longing after their fathers' idols + +Here the word "eyes" represents the person who looks to the idols to worship them. AT: "They were longing after their fathers' idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/25.md b/ezk/20/25.md index c5425fb9b5..2e889fde26 100644 --- a/ezk/20/25.md +++ b/ezk/20/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -## Then I also gave them statutes that were not good, and decrees by which they could not live ## +# Then I also gave them statutes that were not good, and decrees by which they could not live The words statutes in this phrase do not refer to God's law. God permitted them to live by human laws and judgments that were not good. -## gave them ## +# gave them The word "them" refers to the children of those whom Yahweh brought out of Egypt. -## by their gifts ## +# by their gifts -AT: "by the gifts that they gave me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "gifts" refers to the sacrifices that the people made to the idols that they worshiped. + +# they made a sacrifice of every firstborn of the womb + +The phrase "firstborn of the womb" refers to the firstborn child of a woman. The word "sacrifice" can be translated with a verb. AT: "they sacrificed every woman's firstborn child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# put them into the fire + +It is implicit that they put them into the fire in order to offer them as burnt offerings to their idols. AT: "sacrificed them as burnt offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/27.md b/ezk/20/27.md index e86e225ed3..454f9f9a11 100644 --- a/ezk/20/27.md +++ b/ezk/20/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## What is this high place where you bring offerings there ## +# What is this high place where you bring offerings there? -AT: "This is not a high place where you are to bring offerings!." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh asks this question in order to rebuke the people. AT: "This is not a high place where you are to bring offerings!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the name is called Bamah ## +# the name is called Bamah -AT: "People have called that place Bamah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The name "Bamah" means "high place," a place for worshiping idols. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people have called that place Bamah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/30.md b/ezk/20/30.md index f615e5a4cc..a5f4239de1 100644 --- a/ezk/20/30.md +++ b/ezk/20/30.md @@ -1,5 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## So should I be inquired of by you? ## +# Why do you make yourselves unclean with the ways of your fathers? -AT: "You have have no right to ask me for a message." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. AT: "You should not make yourselves unclean by doing the things that your fathers did." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why do you make yourselves unclean + +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So why do you act like prostitutes, searching for disgusting things? + +Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. AT: "You should not act like prostitutes, searching for disgusting things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# why do you act like prostitutes + +Yahweh speaks of the people being unfaithful to him as if they were acting like women who sleep with men to whom they are not married. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# put your sons into the fire + +It is implicit that they put their sons into the fire in order to offer them as burnt offerings. AT: "sacrificed them as burnt offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# So why should I let you question me, house of Israel? + +Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. AT: "I will not let you question me, house of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# As I live + +Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/33.md b/ezk/20/33.md index c198fe01c9..d1298d03ae 100644 --- a/ezk/20/33.md +++ b/ezk/20/33.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. + +# As I live + +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with a mighty hand, a raised arm + +The words "hand" and "arm" both represent power. AT: "with very great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# fury that will be poured out on you + +Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury as if the fury were a liquid that he pours on on the people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "fury that I will pour out on you" or "I will express my fury towards you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# among whom you have been scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "among whom I have scattered you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/36.md b/ezk/20/36.md index c198fe01c9..75e6263080 100644 --- a/ezk/20/36.md +++ b/ezk/20/36.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. + +# I will cause you to pass under my rod + +This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his staff. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will count his people whom he gathers from the nations to ensure that they are all present. AT: "I will count you carefully as a shepherd counts his sheep" or 2) Yahweh will inspect each person as they pass under his staff in order to separate the faithful from the unfaithful. AT: "I will inspect you carefully as a shepherd inspects his sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/39.md b/ezk/20/39.md index 7ca15bfae1..b3c7415411 100644 --- a/ezk/20/39.md +++ b/ezk/20/39.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## the house of Israel ## +# house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/16.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to listen to me ## +# to listen to me -"to obey me" or "to pay attention to me" \ No newline at end of file +"to obey me" or "to pay attention to me" + +# profane my holy name + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "dishonor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/40.md b/ezk/20/40.md index 01ae1ce93b..08e4880456 100644 --- a/ezk/20/40.md +++ b/ezk/20/40.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## to require ## +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -"to command to bring" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## you have been scattered ## +# to require your offerings -AT: "I have scattered you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"to require you to bring your offerings" -## I will show myself as holy among you for the nations to see ## +# the firstfruits of your tribute -"I will use you to show the nations that I am holy" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the best things among all that they give to him as if they were "firstfruits." AT: "the best of your contributions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your holy things + +"the offerings that you set aside to give to me" + +# I will accept you like fragrant incense + +Yahweh speaks of his people worshiping him as they should as if the people themselves were the incense offering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bring you out from the peoples and gather you out of the countries + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will bring his people back from all of the nations to which he had scattered them. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# where you have been scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where I have scattered you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/42.md b/ezk/20/42.md index 550d0f58b7..17d8d96b7e 100644 --- a/ezk/20/42.md +++ b/ezk/20/42.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## have lifted my hand ## +# I have lifted up my hand to swear -This phrase means "have sworn" or "have promised." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "lifted up my hand" is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. AT: "I have solemnly sworn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## will know that I am Yahweh ## +# you will call to mind -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). +This idiom means to remember. AT: "you will remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# you defiled yourselves -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were defiled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will despise yourselves in your own eyes + +Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "you will hate yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because of my name's sake + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. AT: "because of my reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/45.md b/ezk/20/45.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dc13503120 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/20/45.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# the word of Yahweh came + +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# set your face toward the southern lands + +This is a command to stare at the southern lands as a symbol of punishing the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/01.md). AT: "Stare at the southern lands" or "Stare at the southern lands so that they will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# set your face + +Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set your face" represents staring. AT: "stare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The fiery flame will not be quenched + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The fiery flame will not go out" or "No one will be able to quench the fiery flame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every face from the south to the north will be burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the fire will burn every face from the south to the north" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every face from the south to the north + +Here the word "face" represents the person. By mentioning the opposite directions, Yahweh refers to everyone who lives in the north, in the south, and everywhere in between. AT: "every person who lives in that area" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/48.md b/ezk/20/48.md index 46b477da83..fee0e1cbad 100644 --- a/ezk/20/48.md +++ b/ezk/20/48.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the forest of the Negev. -## will see ## +# all flesh will see -"will understand" +Here the word "flesh" represents all humans. The idiom to "see" means to understand. AT: "all people will understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Alas ## +# it will not be quenched + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will not go out" or "no one will quench it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Alas a word that expresses distress or grief -## Is he not a mere teller of parables ## +# Is he not a mere teller of parables? -AT: He's just telling stories." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people use this question to insult Ezekiel and dismiss what he is telling them. AT: "He is merely telling parables" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/20/intro.md b/ezk/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8ad8a642ba --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Rebels cannot ask for help ##### + +The people of Israel have rebelled against God again and again. Now they cannot come to God for help in their troubles. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/01.md b/ezk/21/01.md index 7ce2bbb976..29482e5c32 100644 --- a/ezk/21/01.md +++ b/ezk/21/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## set your face toward ## +# the word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:6](../04/06.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## sheath ## +# Son of man -something that holds and covers a sword when no one is using it \ No newline at end of file +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity or "Mortal person" or "Human". God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). + +# set your face toward Jerusalem + +This is a command to stare at Jerusalem as a symbol of punishing the people there. AT: "stare at Jerusalem" or "stare at Jerusalem so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# set your face toward Jerusalem + +Jerusalem was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming it. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/01.md) AT: "Turn toward Jerusalem and stare" or "stare toward Jerusalem so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# I will draw my sword from its sheath and cut off both the righteous person and the wicked person from you + +This speaks of Yahweh causing these people to die as if he actually killed them with his own sword. AT: "I am opposed to you, and it will be as though I pull my sword from its sheath to kill both the righteous and the wicked people among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the righteous person and the wicked person + +"righteous people and wicked people." This refers to multiple people, not just one righteous person and one wicked person. + +# sheath + +something that holds and covers a sword when no one is using it + +# cut off + +This is a euphemism that means to kill. AT: "kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/04.md b/ezk/21/04.md index 5f64e36d8f..c8ccf5b1ce 100644 --- a/ezk/21/04.md +++ b/ezk/21/04.md @@ -1 +1,35 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the land of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the land of Israel. + +# cut off + +This is a euphemism that means to kill. AT: "kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the righteous ... the wicked + +This refers to righteous and wicked people. AT: "those who are righteous ... those who are wicked" or "the righteous people ... the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# from you + +"among you" + +# my sword will go out from its sheath against + +This speaks of Yahweh causing these people to die as if he actually killed them with his own sword. AT: "it will be as though I pull my sword from its sheath and strike" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all flesh + +Here "flesh" is a metonym for "people." AT: "all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the south to the north + +This is a merism that refers to the area to the north, and to the south, and all places in between. AT: "in every direction" or "everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# that I, Yahweh, have drawn my sword from its sheath + +This speaks of Yahweh causing people to die as if he actually killed them with his own sword. AT: "it is as though I, Yahweh, have struck people with my sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It will no longer hold back + +This speaks of Yahweh not holding back his sword from attacking people as if his sword were a person that was no longer holding itself back from attacking. AT: "and I will not put it back in its sheath again" or "I will not hold back from attacking people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/06.md b/ezk/21/06.md index 4820b5b767..3ad840eda8 100644 --- a/ezk/21/06.md +++ b/ezk/21/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking to Ezekiel. -## groan as your loins break ## +# groan as your loins break -This phrase means "groan as though your strength was gone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh tells Ezekiel to groan as a sign to accompany his message. He tells him to groan deeply as if his abdomen was in great pain. "groan deeply as if your loins were in great pain" or "groan deeply with great sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## In bitterness groan ## +# In bitterness groan "With great grief" or "With great sorrow" -## will falter ## +# before their eyes -"will be weak" \ No newline at end of file +Here the Israelites are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. AT: "before them" or "before the Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the news that is coming + +This speaks of the "news" as if it were a person that was soon coming to them. AT: "the news that they will soon hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# for every heart will faint away + +This speaks of people becoming afraid, as if their hearts were fainting. Also, this speaks of the people fainting as a result of fear. AT: "for everyone will become fearful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will falter + +"will be weak" + +# Every spirit will grow faint + +This speaks of people becoming fearful in their spirits as if their spirits were about to faint. AT: "Everyone will be fearful in their inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# every knee will flow like water + +"every knee will be as weak as water." This is a euphemism for people being so afraid that they lose their bladder control and urinate on themselves. AT: "every leg will be wet with urine" or "everyone will lose control of their urine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/08.md b/ezk/21/08.md index 2cafd62456..435a454514 100644 --- a/ezk/21/08.md +++ b/ezk/21/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## It will be sharpened and polished ## +# the word of Yahweh came -AT: "It is sharp and polished." This phrase indicates that the sword is ready for someone to use it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## polished ## +# A sword! A sword! It will be sharpened and polished! + +This passage describes the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for an enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. This metaphor begins here and continues through [Ezekiel 21:17](./15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It will be sharpened and polished + +This phrase indicates that the sword is ready for someone to use it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is sharp and polished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# polished Someone made the sword smooth, shiny, and clean by rubbing it with a rough material. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/10.md b/ezk/21/10.md index 564bfa09d6..4c20b449e5 100644 --- a/ezk/21/10.md +++ b/ezk/21/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,43 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Jerusalem and of the land of Israel. +# Connecting Statement: -## Should we rejoice in my son's scepter ## +Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "The people of Judah will not celebrate about their king's scepter." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# It will be sharpened ... It will be polished in order to -## Should we ## +These can be stated in active form. AT: "I will sharpen it ... I will polish it so that it will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -The word "we" refers to Yahweh and the people of Israel. +# in order to be like lightning -## in my son's scepter ## +This means that the sword will be so shiny that light reflects off of it easily and brightly. AT: "so that it flashes like lightning" or "so that light reflects off of it as brightly as lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -This phrase means "in the power of the king of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Should we rejoice in my son's scepter? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes that the people of Israel will not celebrate their king's power, because it cannot resist the "sword." AT: "The people of Judah will not celebrate about their king's scepter." or "we should not celebrate the power of our king's scepter." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Should we + +The word "we" refers to Ezekiel and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# in my son's scepter + +Here Yahweh refers to the king of Judah as his son. The king's scepter represents his rule as king. It is important to maintain the image of the king's scepter here, as the words "every such rod" refer to the scepter. AT: "in the king's scepter" or "in the power that the king's scepter represents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The coming sword hates every such rod + +Here the "sword" is personified as coming to attack the people. This speaks of the king not being able to resist the "sword", as if the "sword" were hating the king's scepter. AT: "the sword will overpower his scepter like that of any other ruler" or "for the king will not be able to resist when the sword is brought against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# such rod + +This phrase is used to mock the king's scepter by calling it a "rod." AT: "such scepter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# the sword will be given to be polished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will polish the sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# then to be grasped by the hand + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "then the right person will hold it in his hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it is to be given into the hand of the one who kills + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it is ready for the killer to use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/12.md b/ezk/21/12.md index 60f011d1c4..870fc63feb 100644 --- a/ezk/21/12.md +++ b/ezk/21/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Jerusalem and of the land of Israel. +# Connecting Statement: -## who are thrown onto the sword! They were my people ## +Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"those whom the sword has killed were my people" +# that sword has come against my people! It is against all -## but what if the scepter does not last ## +This speaks of Yahweh's sword attacking his people as if the sword itself were the attacker. AT: "I will use my sword to kill my people! I will bring it against all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -AT: "and it will be very frightening if the sword destroys the scepter and the scepter is gone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# They are thrown against the sword with my people + +This speaks of the leaders of Israel being killed with a sword as if they are thrown against the sword. AT: "They are killed with the sword along with my people" or "The sword will kill them along with my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# slap your thigh + +In Ezekiel's culture, slapping one's thigh was a sign of grief. Some other translation use the gesture of beating one's breast which is a sign of grief in many cultures. AT: "beat your chests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# but what if the scepter does not last? + +This rhetorical question is used to make the audience think about what could happen. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "and it will be very frightening if the sword destroys the scepter." or "but it will be very frightening if the king cannot resist it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the scepter + +Here the king of Judah is represented by his scepter. AT: "the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# does not last + +This is an idiom. AT: "cannot resist" or "is destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/14.md b/ezk/21/14.md index 2986337372..18d96e3f90 100644 --- a/ezk/21/14.md +++ b/ezk/21/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message. +# Connecting Statement: -## A sword for the ones to be slaughtered ## +Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "A sword for slaughtering people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# hit your two hands together -## piercing them ## +This means for him to clap his hands as a sign of his grief. AT: "clap your hands to show that you are very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# even a third time + +"even a 3rd time." This is an idiom that means multiple times. AT: "again and again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# A sword for the ones to be slaughtered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is a sword for slaughtering people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It is a sword for the many to be slaughtered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is a sword for slaughtering many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# piercing them everywhere + +"attacking them from every side." Some Bibles translate this as "which enters into their rooms." This means no matter where they hide, the sword will kill them. + +# piercing them The word "them" refers to the people of Jerusalem and of the land of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/15.md b/ezk/21/15.md index 46d46eca3f..c75203e162 100644 --- a/ezk/21/15.md +++ b/ezk/21/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Jerusalem and of the land of Israel. +# Connecting Statement: -## to multiply their stumbling blocks ## +Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"to make things very difficult for them" +# to melt their hearts -## their gates ## +This speaks of causing the people to be so terrified that it is as if their hearts were melting. AT: "to fill them with terror" or "to cause them to be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to multiply their fallen + +Here "fallen" refers to the people killed in battle. This means there will be a greater number of people killed. AT: "to kill many people among them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# set the slaughter of the sword + +Here the sword of Yahweh represents men with swords that are to attack Jerusalem. Also, the word "slaughter" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "placed soldiers armed with swords at their gates, ready to slaughter the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# their gates The word "their" refers to the people of Jerusalem. -## wherever your sharp edge wishes ## +# It is made like lightning -AT: "wherever I have assigned your sharp edge to go." +This compares how the sword is well polished and how it reflects light to appear like lightning. AT: "My sword is polished and flashes like lightning" or "It is polished and reflects light as being like lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## I, Yahweh, declare it ## +# set free to butcher! -See how you translated "I, Yahweh have declared this" in [Ezekiel 5:15](../05/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +The sword of Yahweh represents the men with swords that are to attack Jerusalem. This speaks of them being released to attack as if they were released to butcher the people in the same way that animals are butchered. AT: "released to slaughter the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You, sword! Strike to the right! ... Go wherever your face is turned + +Here Yahweh speaks to a sword to emphasize that he is in control of what is happening during the attack. The phrase "wherever your face is turned" is an idiom. AT: "I tell those attacking with swords, 'Strike to the right! ... Attack in every direction'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# hit my two hands together + +"clap my hands." Here clapping hands is a sign of triumph. AT: "clap my hands in triumph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/18.md b/ezk/21/18.md index 517014d145..47e21d1300 100644 --- a/ezk/21/18.md +++ b/ezk/21/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## The word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# The word of Yahweh came to me again -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +The phrase "the word of Yahweh came" is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 18:1](../18/01.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke to me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Son of man ## +# the sword of the king of Babylon -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. AT: "the soldiers of the king of Babylon" or "the Babylonian army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the sword ## +# a signpost will mark one of them as leading to a city -AT: "the army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a sign posted where the road divides into two roads. AT: "a sign will be posted where the road divides into two roads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/21.md b/ezk/21/21.md index 292b534236..c2a8e9587b 100644 --- a/ezk/21/21.md +++ b/ezk/21/21.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message. -## battering rams ## +# at the crossroads, at the junction -big machines that people used to knock down walls or towers +Both of these phrases refer to the place where the two roads meet. AT: "at the crossroads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## against it ## +# He will shake some arrows and ask direction from some idols and he will examine a liver -"against Jerusalem +These are divination practices. -## to commence ## +# In his right hand will be an omen about Jerusalem -"to begin" +This means the he will hold one of the articles of his divination that was read as an omen against Jerusalem in his right hand. AT: "In his right hand will be an article of divination with an omen against Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to pour out earthen mounds ## +# battering rams -Soldiers carried loads of dirt and dumped them onto the mound. +A battering ram was a cut tree or large log with a sharpened end or an end covered in metal. It was held by several men who would pound the end against a wall. -## earthen mounds ## +# to build a ramp -These were large dirt ramps that the king of Babylon built so that his soldiers could get onto the walls of Jerusalem. +These were large dirt ramps that the Babylonian soldiers built so that they could get onto the walls of Jerusalem. -## siege walls ## +# siege towers -These were dirt walls that the king of Babylon built around Jerusalem to make sure that no one escaped during the siege and to protect his men and equipment as they attacked Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +These were wooden towers that the Babylonian soldiers built around Jerusalem to enable them to shoot arrows over the walls of Jerusalem. + +# in the eyes of the ones in Jerusalem + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "in the thoughts of the people in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/24.md b/ezk/21/24.md index c02c34af13..8b248440bd 100644 --- a/ezk/21/24.md +++ b/ezk/21/24.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Jerusalem. -## Because you bring your iniquity to my remembrance ## +# Because you bring your iniquity to my remembrance "Because you remind me of your iniquity" -## your transgressions will be revealed! Your sins will be seen in all of your actions ## +# your transgressions will be revealed! Your sins will be seen in all of your actions -"by revealing your transgression, your sins will be clearly shown to everyone."" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "by revealing your transgression, every one will see your sins in all of your actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For this reason you will remind everyone that ## +# For this reason you will remind everyone that "For this reason everyone will understand that" -## you will be captured by your enemy's hand ## +# you will be captured by your enemy's hand -AT: "the king of Babylon will capture you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. The "enemy's hand" represents the enemy's control. AT: "your enemy will capture you and take you into captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/25.md b/ezk/21/25.md index 980bc93e03..4735a62cc4 100644 --- a/ezk/21/25.md +++ b/ezk/21/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Israel. -## ## +# whose day of punishment has come -whose day of punishment has come** - This phrase means "whom Yahweh will now punish." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "whom Yahweh will now punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## whose time of committing iniquity has ended ## +# whose time of committing iniquity has ended "at the time when Yahweh ends iniquity" -## turban ## +# the turban -a beautiful piece of cloth that kings wore on their heads as a symbol of their authority +"the king's turban." A turban is a beautiful piece of cloth that kings wore wrapped on their heads as a symbol of their authority. -## humble the exalted ## +# the lowly ... the exalted -"and make the exalted lowly" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to people with low status and people who are exalted. AT: "those who are lowly ... those who are exalted" or "those with low status ... those with high status" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# It will not be restored + +Here the crown represents the position of king. The kingship will not be restored until the Messiah comes. AT: "There will no longer be a king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the one comes who is assigned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one comes who I assign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/28.md b/ezk/21/28.md index 72033d7770..b59c1c4db1 100644 --- a/ezk/21/28.md +++ b/ezk/21/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## Son of man ## +# concerning their coming disgrace -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +The word "disgrace" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "about how he will disgrace them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## is drawn ## +# A sword, a sword is drawn! It is sharpened for the slaughter -"is out of its sheath" +This refers to the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the soldiers that Yahweh uses to kill a large number of people who have been disobedient to him. AT: "Swords! My soldiers have drawn their swords! They are sharpened for the slaughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## While prophets see empty visions for you ## +# is drawn -The word "you" refers to the nation of Ammon. In the original language, it is feminine singular, because nations were often thought of as a woman. This continues through verse 32. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "is out of its sheath" -## empty visions ## +# It is sharpened for the slaughter in order to devour -"visions that are not true" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the soldiers killing people as if they were animals devouring their prey. This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is sharp in order to slaughter and to kill people" + +# so it will be like lightning + +This means that the sword is so shiny that light reflects off of it easily and brightly. AT: "and light reflects off of it as brightly as lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# empty visions for you ... with lies for you + +"empty visions for you Ammonites ... with lies for you Ammonites." The word "you" refers to the people of Ammon. In the original Biblical language, the word "your" is feminine singular and refers to the nation of Ammon. Nations were often thought of as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# empty visions + +This speaks of visions being false and meaningless as if they were empty containers. AT: "visions that are not true" or "false visions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wicked + +This refers to wicked people. AT: "those who are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# who are about to be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who are about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whose day of punishment has come and whose time of iniquity is about to end + +The phrases "day of" and "time of" are idioms. AT: "for the time has come for them to be punished and for their iniquity to end" or "for the time has come for me to punish them and for them to no longer be able to commit wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/30.md b/ezk/21/30.md index 11be84b310..22ec9d08b0 100644 --- a/ezk/21/30.md +++ b/ezk/21/30.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Ammon. -## sheath ## +# Return the sword to its sheath -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:1](./01.md). +"Later the sword will be put back in its sheath." This speaks of the soldiers withdrawing from attacking Jerusalem, by saying that Yahweh's sword is put back in its sheath. AT: "But later the soldiers will return their swords to their sheaths, for the time of slaughter will be over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## In the place of your creation ## +# sheath -"In the place that I created you" \ No newline at end of file +This is something that holds and covers a sword when no one is using it. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:3](./01.md). + +# In the place of your creation + +The word "creation" may be expressed as a verb. AT: "In the place that I created you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will pour out my indignation on you + +This speaks of Yahweh punishing the Babylonians because of his indignation against them as if his indignation were a liquid that he poured out of a container upon them. AT: "I will punish you because of indignation against you" or "Out of my anger I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will fan the fire of my rage against you + +This compares Yahweh's rage to a consuming fire. AT: "I will bring my rage upon you like a blazing fire" or "I will punish you in my fierce anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the hand of cruel men + +The "hand" of the men refers to their control. AT: "the control of cruel men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# craftsmen of destruction + +"men who cause great destruction" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/32.md b/ezk/21/32.md index 32167855c5..6f79ad889b 100644 --- a/ezk/21/32.md +++ b/ezk/21/32.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Ammon. -## You will become fuel for the fire ## +# You will become fuel for the fire -"The fire will burn you up" \ No newline at end of file +"The fire will burn up your bodies" + +# Your blood will be in the midst of the land + +"Your blood will soak into the ground of your land" + +# You will not be remembered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will remember you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/intro.md b/ezk/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..79991af887 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 21 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Refusing to learn ##### + +Judah has refused to learn from their punishment, so God is about to destroy the nation in war. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/01.md b/ezk/22/01.md index d38207fb3f..10c785fbb7 100644 --- a/ezk/22/01.md +++ b/ezk/22/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## Son of man, will you judge? Will you judge the city of blood? ## +# the word of Yahweh came -AT: "Son of man, go and judge. Go and judge the city of blood." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## city of blood ## +# Now you, son of man, will you judge? Will you judge the city of blood? -Yahweh refers to Jerusalem as the city of blood. This refers to the murders and violence that happen in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This rhetorical question functions as a command. AT. "Son of man, go and judge. Go and judge the city of blood." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## her...herself ## +# son of man -The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Cities were often thought of as a woman. This continues through verse 32. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]). \ No newline at end of file +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" + +# the city of blood + +The word "blood" is a metonym for murder. AT: "the city where many people murder their neighbors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# her ... herself + +The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. Cities were often thought of as a woman. This continues through verse 32. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]). + +# This is a city that pours ... her midst + +Here the "city" represents the people who live there. AT: "The people who live in this city pour ... its midst" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that pours out blood in her midst + +The word "blood" is a metonym for murder. AT: "where many people murder their neighbors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that her time may come + +This refers to the time when Yahweh will destroy them. AT: "so that the time of her destruction may come" or "so that the time may come for her to be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# unclean + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/04.md b/ezk/22/04.md index c372dd5341..3504df6d52 100644 --- a/ezk/22/04.md +++ b/ezk/22/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## For you have drawn your days close and approached your final years. ## +# General Information: -These phrases are used to tell the people of Jerusalem that they have caused their deaths to happen sooner because of their sinful behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh continues to speak through Ezekiel to the people of Jerusalem. -## full of confusion ## +# by the blood that you have poured out -many people in Jerusalem are confused \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. AT: "because you murdered innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# are made unclean by + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "are unclean because of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# unclean + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For you have drawn your days close and approached your final years. + +Both of these phrases are idioms that mean that the time when Yahweh will punish Jerusalem is very near. AT: "Because of these things you have done, you are approaching the end of your time" or "You are bringing your time to an end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will make you a reproach to the nations and a derision in the sight of every land + +The words "reproach" and "derision" can be expressed as verbs. A derision is something or someone that is mocked or ridiculed. AT: "I will make the nations reproach you and every land ridicule you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a derision in the sight of every land + +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "cause the people of every land to consider you a derision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# of every land + +This generalization refers to the places who are familiar with Jerusalem and represents the people who live in these places. AT: "of the people of every nearby land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/06.md b/ezk/22/06.md index 2c5a8853ae..4a502c19ed 100644 --- a/ezk/22/06.md +++ b/ezk/22/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh speaking about the ruler of Israel in Jerusalem. -## Behold ## +# Behold -This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"Listen." The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## come to you...in your midst ## +# each one by his own power, have come -The words "you" and "your" refer to Jerusalem. +"have each used their authority to come to you." -## they eat upon the mountains ## +# come to you ... in your midst -Here, "the mountains" refer to the altars to idols that are on the mountains. They eat meat that has been sacrificed to the idols in order to be have the blessing of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"come to your city ... within your city." The words "you" and "your" refer to Jerusalem. -## They perform wickedness in your midst ## +# to pour out blood -This means that they do evil things inside the city of Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. AT: "to murder people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They have dishonored fathers and mothers within you + +"The people of Jerusalem have dishonored their fathers and mothers." The word "they" refers to the people in Jerusalem. + +# performed oppression + +"oppressed" + +# they eat on the mountains + +Here "the mountains" refer to the altars on the mountains that are dedicated to idols. They men eat meat that has been sacrificed to the idols in order to be have the blessing of false gods. AT: "they eat the meat that has been sacrificed to idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# perform wickedness in your midst + +"do evil things among you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/10.md b/ezk/22/10.md index 403a1e9c00..fa4b242f06 100644 --- a/ezk/22/10.md +++ b/ezk/22/10.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + God continues to speak through Ezekiel about the terrible things that the people of Jerusalem have done. -## you/they ## +# you ... They These pronouns refer to Jerusalem (the people of Jerusalem). -## The nakedness of a father is revealed ## +# The nakedness of a father is revealed -This is the father's wife. It is the nakedness that is only meant for him to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This means that a son sleeps with his father's wife. AT: "There are men who sleep with their father's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## abused...commit abominations with...make their own daughters-in-law shamefully unclean ## +# unclean -in-law shamefully unclean** - These are all ways to express that the men have had sexual relations with women they should not have and how sinful their actions are. +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## interest ## +# her impurity -additional money charged in order to borrow money. +"her menstrual period" -## excessive ## +# They have abused ... commit abominations with ... shamefully unclean ... men who abuse -more than is needed +These are all ways to express that the men have had slept with women they should not have and how sinful their actions are. AT: "They have raped ... committed abominations by sleeping with ... shamefully unclean by sleeping with them ... men who rape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## you have forgotten me ## +# to pour out blood -refusing to obey Yahweh is like forgetting that he exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. AT: "to murder people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# interest + +This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret "interest" in this passage as "too much interest." + +# you have damaged your neighbors through oppression + +This means that they have oppressed their neighbors by charging them too much interest. AT: "you have oppressed your neighbors and made them poor" or "you have made your neighbors poor by charging too much interest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you have forgotten me + +Refusing to obey Yahweh is like forgetting that he exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/13.md b/ezk/22/13.md index 61b03797f9..15e737ae79 100644 --- a/ezk/22/13.md +++ b/ezk/22/13.md @@ -1,21 +1,47 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem by speaking directly to the city of Jerusalem. -## I have struck the dishonest gain...the bloodshed ## +# With my hand I have struck -The word "struck" refers to Yahweh taking action against those things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"I have shaken my fist against" or "I have clapped my hands against." This is a symbolic action that shows anger and disapproval. AT: "I have shown my anger and disapproval against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Will your heart stand, will your hands be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you? ## +# the bloodshed that is in your midst -AT: Your heart will not stand, your hands will not be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"the murdering that happens among you" -## So I will scatter you among the nations and disperse you through the lands ## +# Will your heart stand, will your hands be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you? -God will force the people of Israel to separate from each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize how hurt they will be when he punishes them. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "Your heart will not stand and your hands will not be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## purge ## +# Will your heart stand -remove something unwanted. +Here the whole person is referred to by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions and will. Here the idea of "standing" is an idiom that means to be courageous. AT: "Will you stand" or "Will you be courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## in the eyes of the nations ## +# will your hands be strong -AT: "in the opinion of the people in other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the whole person is referred to by his "hands." AT: "will you be strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# So I will scatter you among the nations and disperse you through the lands + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/14.md). AT: "So I will cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# purge + +remove something unwanted + +# uncleanness + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So you will become unclean in the eyes of the nations + +Here the "nations" refer to the people who live in those places. The "eyes" represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "So the nations will consider you unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the nations + +Here the "nations" refer to the people who live in those places. AT: "the people in other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/17.md b/ezk/22/17.md index f7a8550d1a..413ef2f14b 100644 --- a/ezk/22/17.md +++ b/ezk/22/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## ## +# the word of Yahweh came -dross** - AT: "worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## All of them are the leftovers of bronze and tin, and iron and lead in your midst ## +# the house of Israel has -AT: "All of the people around you are worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites have" or "the Israelite people group has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has become dross to me + +Dross is the impurities that are left over after silver or gold has been purified in a furnace. Here Yahweh speaks of the people being worthless to him as if they were dross. AT: "has become as worthless to me as dross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# All of them are the leftovers of bronze and tin ... like the dross of silver in your furnace + +Yahweh continues to speaks about how the people have become worthless to him as if they were dross. AT: "All of them are as worthless as the leftover of bronze and tin, and iron and lead that remain after you melt silver in the furnace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# behold + +"listen." The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/20.md b/ezk/22/20.md index 493dcf6199..14f190d57f 100644 --- a/ezk/22/20.md +++ b/ezk/22/20.md @@ -1,5 +1,27 @@ -God continues to describe his punishment of the people if Israel in Jerusalem as metals being melted and purified in a furnace.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# General Information: -## I will melt you. ## +God continues to describe his punishment of the people if Israel in Jerusalem as metals being melted and purified in a furnace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -God's punishment is referred to as the fire of a furnace that will purify Jerusalem like a furnace that separates worthless materials from the precious metals when they are melted. \ No newline at end of file +# As a collection of silver and bronze ... must have fire blown against it, I will melt you + +Here Yahweh speaks of how he will gather together the people of Jerusalem and punish them by comparing them to how sliver, bronze, iron, lead, and tin are put in a furnace and burned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So I will gather ... I will put you there ... so will I gather ... I will put you there and pour you out + +These phrases have similar meanings and may be combined. Here Yahweh continues to speaks about how he is going to punish the people as if they were metal that he was melting and pouring out. AT: "So I will gather you in my wrath and my fury. I will put you together in Jerusalem and it will be as though I am blowing fire on you to melt you and then pouring you out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# blow against you with the fire of my wrath + +Here Yahweh speaks of the greatness of his wrath as if it were a fire. AT: "my wrath will be like a fire that I will blow against you to melt you, and then I will pour you out there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in her midst + +"in Jerusalem." The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. + +# As melting silver in the middle of a furnace, you will be melted down in its midst + +Here Yahweh continues to speaks about how he is going to punish the people as if they were metal that he was melting and pouring out. AT: "It will be as though you were melted down like silver in the middle of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have poured out my fury against you + +This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people as if he were pouring out his fury against them. AT: "have punished you in my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/23.md b/ezk/22/23.md index 60d2d8c378..f136b51028 100644 --- a/ezk/22/23.md +++ b/ezk/22/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Jerusalem. -## There is no rain on the day of wrath ## +# The word of Yahweh came + +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You are a land that has not been cleansed + +This can be stated in active form. The word "land" here refers to Israel and to the people who live there. AT: "You are a land and a people that is unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not been cleansed + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# There is no rain on the day of wrath Rain is used as an example of God's blessing. AT: "There is no blessing on the day of wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## conspiracy ## +# There is a conspiracy of her prophets in her midst -a secret plan made by two or more people to do something harmful or illegal. \ No newline at end of file +The word "her" refers to Israel. AT: "The prophets within Israel plot conspiracies" + +# conspiracy + +a secret plan made by two or more people to do something harmful or illegal + +# like a roaring lion tearing apart a victim. They consume life and take precious wealth + +This compares the prophets of Israel to lions who attack and kill their victims. AT: "They kill people for they are like roaring lions who attack and kill their prey. They take peoples' precious wealth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they make many widows within her + +The word "her" refers to Israel. They "make many widows" by killing married men. AT: "they make many women into widows by killing their husbands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/26.md b/ezk/22/26.md index 12462a203e..dde68e1dd9 100644 --- a/ezk/22/26.md +++ b/ezk/22/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,39 @@ -## her ## +# her -This pronoun refers to Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +This pronoun refers to Jerusalem. + +# do violence to my law + +"disobey my laws" + +# the unclean and the clean + +This refers to unclean and clean things. Something that God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. AT: "things that are unclean and things that are clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They hide their eyes from my Sabbaths + +This speaks of the people ignoring and not observing the Sabbath and if they were hiding their eyes from the Sabbath" AT: "They ignore my Sabbaths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that I am profaned in their midst + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and profane me among themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Her princes within her are like wolves tearing apart their victims + +This compares Israel's princes to wolves who attack and kill their victims. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# They pour out blood and destroy life + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the violence that the princes practice. AT: "They murder people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Her prophets have painted them over with whitewash + +This speaks of the prophets trying to hide these sins as if they were something that they could paint over with whitewash. AT: "It is like her prophets have painted over their sins with whitewash" or "Their prophets try to hide these evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whitewash + +This is a solution that is painted on things to make them white that is similar to white paint. + +# predict falsehoods to them + +"predict lies for the princes." The word "them" refers to the princes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/29.md b/ezk/22/29.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8ab18a56fc --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/22/29.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# have oppressed ... and plundered + +The understood words may be supplied. AT: "have oppressed people ... and plundered others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# extortion + +This refers to when someone threatens or hurts another person in order to make them give him money. + +# the poor and needy + +This refers to poor and needy people. AT: "those who are poor and needy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/30.md b/ezk/22/30.md index 9415de254b..870a560aef 100644 --- a/ezk/22/30.md +++ b/ezk/22/30.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh compares the leaders of Jerusalem to a wall and himself to an invading army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a man from them who would build up a wall ## +# a man from them who would build up a wall -a leader putting himself between Yahweh and the people by taking responsibility to lead them back into righteousness. AT: "a man from them who would act like a wall" +This speaks of a man who would take responsibility to pray for the people and to lead them to repentance as if that man were to build a wall to protect the people from Yahweh. AT: "a man from among them who would act like he built a wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## stand in the breach ## +# stand before me in its breach -to stand in the place the wall has a gap or has been broken. A leader defending the people of Israel is like a warrior defending a city in battle. +Its "breach" refers to a gap in the wall. This speaks of the man defending the people before Yahweh as if he were a warrior standing in the breach to defend the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## pour out my indignation upon them! ## +# for the land so I would not destroy it -judgement that can be poured out like water from a bowl. +Here the "land" represents the people who live there. AT: "for the people so that I would not destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the fire of my indignation ## +# pour out my indignation upon them -judgement of God is like fire because it is very intense. +This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people as if his indignation were a liquid that he poured out on them. AT: "I will punish the people because of my indignation for them" or "I will punish the people because of my anger against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## set their way upon their own heads ## +# indignation -Setting something on a person's head refers to making them carry it or take responsibility for it. AT: "make them take responsibility for what they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"wrath." This refers to strong displease or anger against something that is wicked. + +# I will finish them with the fire of my indignation + +This speaks of how harsh Yahweh's judgement is by comparing it to a fire. Here destroying the people is referred to as "finishing" them. AT: "I will destroy them with my wrath which is as intense as a blazing fire" or "I will destroy them with my wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# set their way on their own heads + +Setting something on a person's head refers to making them carry a burden or take responsibility for it. AT: "make them take responsibility for what they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/intro.md b/ezk/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3fbee9c22d --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 22 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Continuous evil ##### + +Murder, idolatry and all sorts of evil have been done in Jerusalem; so God will destroy the city and scatter the people among the nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/01.md b/ezk/23/01.md index 35d94c5c3e..8b1fc03a89 100644 --- a/ezk/23/01.md +++ b/ezk/23/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -Yahweh tells Ezekiel a story about two young women in Egypt to express how he views the behavior of the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## They acted as prostitutes in Egypt...They acted as prostitutes there. Their breasts were squeezed and their virgin nipples were fondled there ## +Yahweh speaks of how the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria have been unfaithful to him in a metaphor in which he refers to them as two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -All three of these phrases are saying the same thing in a slightly different way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# The word of Yahweh came -## Their virgin breasts were squeezed and fondled there ## +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "There men squeezed and fondled their virgin breasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Son of man -## fondled ## +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# Their breasts were squeezed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Men squeezed their breasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their virgin nipples were fondled there + +This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase and emphasizes the immoral behavior of the two young women. This can be stated in active form. AT: "there men fondled their virgin nipples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fondled to be touched lovingly or softly -## Oholah ## +# they became mine -This is a female name that means "her tent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This means that he married them and they became his wives. AT: "they became my wives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Oholibah ## +# Their names mean this: Oholah means Samaria, and Oholibah means Jerusalem -This is a female name that means "my tent is in her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Oholah represents Samaria, and Oholibah represents Jerusalem." In this metaphor Samaria is spoken of as if it were Oholah and Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were Oholibah. This speaks of how these cities were unfaithful to Yahweh as if they were unfaithful wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Oholah + +This is the name of a woman that means "her tent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Oholibah + +This is the name of a woman that means "my tent is in her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/05.md b/ezk/23/05.md index 751430382e..0b4ec8c20f 100644 --- a/ezk/23/05.md +++ b/ezk/23/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues telling his story to Ezekiel about his unfaithful wife Oholah. +# General Information: -## dominant ## +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when she was mine + +This refers to when she was his wife. AT: "while she was still my wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# dominant "in control" -## all the best of Assyria’s men ## +# all the best of Assyria's men -This identifies who the word "them" refers to. \ No newline at end of file +This identifies who the word "them" refers to. + +# she made herself unclean with everyone she lusted for—and with all their idols + +This implies that she slept with all of these men and worshiped the idols they worshiped. AT: "she made herself unclean by sleeping with everyone she lusted for and by worshiping all their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# unclean + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/08.md b/ezk/23/08.md index 7007104d9c..eb9dc8ca50 100644 --- a/ezk/23/08.md +++ b/ezk/23/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues telling his story to Ezekiel about his unfaithful wife Oholah. +# General Information: -## slept with her...fondle her virgin breasts...pour out their promiscuous behavior ## +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -All of these phrases are different ways to refer to her behavior as a prostitute in Egypt. It is repeated in different ways to express how shockingly sinful her behavior was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# to pour out their promiscuous behavior on her -## had slept with her ## +This speaks of the men acting promiscuously towards her as if their promiscuous behavior were a large amount of water that they were pouring out on her. AT: "to act promiscuously towards her" or "to act lustfully towards her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This is a mild way to say they had sexual relations with her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +# I gave her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians -## to pour out their promiscuous behavior ## +The word "hand" refers to power or control. The two phrases have the same meaning and the second phrase explains that "her lovers" were "the Assyrians." AT: "I gave her over to her lovers, the Assyrians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -The phrase "pour out" uses the thought of water pouring out to express something happening in a great amount. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# they passed judgment on her -## into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians ## - -The word "hand" refers to what someone has control over. This phrase is repeated to emphasize that the Assyrians were her lovers. AT: "I gave her over to her lovers, I allowed the Assyrians to take control over her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "they talked about her disgrace" or "she had a bad reputation among them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/11.md b/ezk/23/11.md index 5e6766733e..fbb6518ebd 100644 --- a/ezk/23/11.md +++ b/ezk/23/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh begins telling the story to Ezekiel about his unfaithful wife Oholibah, the sister of Oholah. +# General Information: -## Oholibah ## +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -See how you translated this word in verse [Ezekiel 23:1](./01.md). +# Oholibah -## who dressed impressively, who were men riding horses ## +This is the name of a woman that means "my tent is in her." See how you translated this name in [Ezekiel 23:4](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -Both of these phrases describe men who are wealthy. AT: "who were wealthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# unclean -## It was the same for both sisters ## +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "Both sisters became unclean through their acts of prostitution" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# It was the same for both sisters + +This refers to how they had both made themselves unclean. AT: "Both sisters became unclean through their acts of prostitution" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/14.md b/ezk/23/14.md index 624c32d3b2..031ded9164 100644 --- a/ezk/23/14.md +++ b/ezk/23/14.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues telling the story about his unfaithful wife Oholibah to Ezekiel. +# General Information: -## Turban ## +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -a hat made out of long cloth and wrapped around the top of a man's head. \ No newline at end of file +# turbans + +hats made out of long cloth and wrapped around the top of a man's head + +# had the appearance of officers of chariot troops, the likeness of sons + +The abstract nouns "likeness" and "appearance" can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "appeared the way officers of chariot troops do, and they looked like sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# chariot troops + +soldiers who drive chariots and who run ahead of and beside them + +# sons of Babylonia + +"Babylonians" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/16.md b/ezk/23/16.md index 1d6ef28d50..009c929f1d 100644 --- a/ezk/23/16.md +++ b/ezk/23/16.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues telling the story about his unfaithful wife Oholibah to Ezekiel. +# General Information: -## her soul turned away from them ## +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The word "soul" refers to thoughts and emotions. Changing from wanting something to hating it is described as turning away from it. AT: "her emotions regarding them changed from desire to disgust" \ No newline at end of file +# her bed of lust + +This refers to her bed where she slept with men and acted lustfully. AT: "her bed where she acted lustfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they made her unclean with their promiscuousness + +This means that they slept with the woman. AT: "they slept with her and made her unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# unclean + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so she turned herself away from them + +This is an idiom. AT: "so she rejected them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/18.md b/ezk/23/18.md index ece5857013..637c968ffb 100644 --- a/ezk/23/18.md +++ b/ezk/23/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## brought to mind and imitated the days of her youth ## +# General Information: -AT: "remembered and did the same things as she had done when she was young" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my soul turned away from her ... my soul turned away from her sister + +Here the "soul" represents one's emotions. AT: "I became disgusted with her and rejected her ... I became disgusted with her sister and rejected her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/20.md b/ezk/23/20.md index a1fcdbb5c0..2849e2cd2b 100644 --- a/ezk/23/20.md +++ b/ezk/23/20.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh finishes speaking about Oholibah and the Assyrians and starts speaking to Oholibah. +# General Information: -## whose private parts were like those of donkeys, and whose reproductive emissions were like those of horses ## +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Impossibly large, in order to show how wicked was Oholibah's desire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +# whose private parts were like those of donkeys + +This compares the size of the mens' private parts to those of a donkey to show how wicked Oholibah's desires were. This is an exaggeration as they could not be as large as those of a donkey. AT: "whose private parts were very long, like those of a donkey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# whose reproductive emissions were like those of horses + +This compares the volume of the mens' emissions to those of a horse to show how wicked Oholibah's desires were. This is an exaggeration as they could not be like those of a horse. AT: "whose reproductive emissions were huge, like those of a horse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/22.md b/ezk/23/22.md index 6682429e1e..8d06bf0f26 100644 --- a/ezk/23/22.md +++ b/ezk/23/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Behold ## +# General Information: -This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Pekod, Shoa, and Koa ## +# Behold! -These are people groups who lived in Babylonia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Listen!" The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# I will bring them against you from every side + +"I will cause them to attack you from all directions" + +# the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them + +This does not refer to all of the people who live in these places, but rather to soldiers from there. AT: "soldiers from Babylon and all of Chaldea, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the soldiers of Assyria with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Pekod, Shoa, and Koa + +These are the names places in Babylonia. These places represent the soldiers from these places. AT: "those from Pekod, Shoa, and Koa" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# strong, handsome men, governors and commanders ... all of them riding on horses + +This is the description of the men of Assyria that Oholah had slept with who are now turning against her. This is similar to the description given in [Ezekiel 23:6](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/24.md b/ezk/23/24.md index fe11a25431..b4ad340c24 100644 --- a/ezk/23/24.md +++ b/ezk/23/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## set large shields, small shields, and helmets against you ## +# General Information: -These defensive items are used to refer to different kinds of soldiers in an army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They will cut off your nose and your ears ## +# will come against you -This describes the punishment in Babylon for married women who have sexual relations with men that are not their husbands. AT: "They will punish you as an adulteress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "will attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with weapons + +The Hebrew word translated here as "weapons" is rare. Many modern versions translate it in this way, but some versions leave this phrase out. + +# They will set large shields, small shields, and helmets against you all around + +These defensive items are used to refer to various types of soldiers. AT: "Soldiers will attack you on all sides carrying large shields, small shields, and wearing helmets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For I will set my jealous anger on you, and they will deal with you in fury + +Here Yahweh speaks of causing the armies to attack them because he is angry with them as if his anger where something that he was placing upon them. AT: Because I am very jealous for you, I will cause them to act furiously towards you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will cut off your noses and your ears + +This describes the punishment in Babylon for married women who slept with men that are not their husbands. AT: "They will punish you as an adulteress, by cutting of your noses and your ears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your survivors will fall by the sword + +The word "fall" is a euphemism for "die". The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill with swords. AT: "men will kill your survivors with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your survivors will be devoured by fire + +This speaks of the survivors being burned by fire as if the fire were an animal attacking and eating them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "your survivors will be burned by fire" or "fire will burn your survivors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/26.md b/ezk/23/26.md index 3ee4c4ee99..86ad71dda7 100644 --- a/ezk/23/26.md +++ b/ezk/23/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## You will not lift up your eyes ## +# General Information: -This is a way to refer to a person turning their head to look at something. AT: "You will not look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you will think of Egypt no longer ## +# from the land of Egypt -The phrase "think of Egypt" refers to the acts of prostitution she learned in Egypt. She will no longer think about them because she has learned they will not give her the nice things that the Egyptians, Babylonians, and Assyrians have. Instead, the acts of prostitution have caused her to be punished and she will not want to think about doing them again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to her prostitution as beginning in Egypt. AT: "which you began in the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You will not lift up your eyes toward them with longing + +This is a way to refer to a person turning their head to look at something. Here looking represents desire. AT: "You will not look toward them with longing" or "You will not desire these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will think of Egypt no longer + +Here "Egypt" represents the shameful things that she did in Egypt. AT: "you will think about the things you did in Egypt no longer" or "you will not think about what you did in Egypt any more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/28.md b/ezk/23/28.md index d9128f8610..ea8a8216b5 100644 --- a/ezk/23/28.md +++ b/ezk/23/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Behold ## +# General Information: -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## naked and bare ## +# Behold -Both of these words have the same meaning. Both are used to emphasize that she will have nothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Those word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## prostitution...shameful behavior...promiscuousness ## +# give you into the hand of the ones you hate ... into the hand of the ones from whom you had turned away -These all describe the same actions in different ways. This is done to emphasize what Oholibah did was wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases have the same meaning. It means that they will be captured by the men they used to prostitute themselves to. AT: "allow you to be captured by those you hate and had turned away from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# into the hand + +Here the word "hand" refers to control. AT: "into the control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# unclothed and bare + +These two words mean the same thing and emphasize that she will be completely naked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# The naked shame of your prostitution will be revealed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They will reveal the naked shame of your prostitution" + +# your shameful behavior and your promiscuousness + +These phrases both describe her prostitution and emphasize how bad this behavior was. The understood words in the parallel phrase may be supplied. AT: "your shameful behavior and your promiscuousness will be revealed" or "they will reveal your shameful behavior and your promiscuousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/30.md b/ezk/23/30.md index 92d652d10d..5a3cb805b9 100644 --- a/ezk/23/30.md +++ b/ezk/23/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## ## +# General Information: -acting like a prostitute, lusting after nations** - The reason this phrase says Oholibah acts like a prostitute with the nations is because the men she has had sex with are symbols of the wealth and power of these nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will put her cup ## +# These things will be done to you in your acting -The word "cup" refers to Oholibah's punishment. It represents the thing she has received. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"These things will be done to you because you have acted." This can be stated in active form. AT: "These things will happen to you because you have acted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# acting like a prostitute, lusting after nations + +Ezekiel speaks of Oholibah, who represents Judah ([Ezekiel 23:4](./01.md)), as if she were a prostitute sleeping with the men of many nations for money. He wants the people of Judah to understand that Yahweh to punish them because they were worshiping the idols of other nations so they could get those nations' wealth and power. AT: "acting like a prostitute, lusting after men of other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# became unclean with their idols + +She became unclean by worshiping the idols. AT: "became unclean by worshiping their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# unclean + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so I will put her cup of punishment into your hand + +This refers to Oholibah's punishment that she will receive as if it were a cup of wine. AT: "so I will cause you to be punished in the same way as your sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/32.md b/ezk/23/32.md index c93fa673d7..eab106da01 100644 --- a/ezk/23/32.md +++ b/ezk/23/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## You will drink your sister's cup ## +# General Information: -Drinking the from the same cup is another way to say they will experience the same thing. AT: "You will experience the same punishment as your sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## which is deep and large ## +# You will drink your sister's cup -This refers to the amount of punishment received. AT: "which is severe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here Yahweh speaks of punishment as if it were a cup of wine the woman drank. AT: "You will drink the same cup of punishment as your sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a laughingstock...a subject for derision ## +# your sister's cup that is -Both of these phrases refer to a person who is laughed at and criticized because of their foolish behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here the "cup" represents what is in the cup. AT: "from your sister's cup that is" or "all that is in your sister's cup, and her cup is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## this cup contains a great amount ## +# a laughingstock ... a subject for derision -This sentence doesn't say what is in the cup because it is understood by reading [Ezekiel 23:30](./30.md). AT: "this cup contains a great amount of punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these phrases refer to a person who is laughed at and criticized because of their foolish behavior. Derision is mocking or ridiculing something or someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# this cup contains a great amount + +This sentence does not say what is in the cup because it is understood by reading [Ezekiel 23:31](./30.md). AT: "this cup contains a great amount of punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/33.md b/ezk/23/33.md index f0b7fb9d6f..e357129a4e 100644 --- a/ezk/23/33.md +++ b/ezk/23/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## horror and devastation ## +# General Information: -Both of these words are used to describe the land of Samaria after it has been destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Your sister Samaria’s cup ## +# You will be filled with drunkenness and sorrow -Oholibah's sister Oholah has represented Samaria. Samaria is called by it's name but still referred to as a sister. The cup is a symbol for the punishment that she received. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This speaks of being very drunk and full of sorrow as if drunkenness and sorrow were things that filled her body. AT: "You will become very drunk and very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# the cup of horror and devastation -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +"the cup that causes horror and devastation." The words "horror" and "devastation" share similar meanings here and emphasize how terrible her punishment will be. AT: "for what is in that cup causes horror and devastation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the cup of your sister Samaria + +Oholibah's sister Oholah represents Samaria. Samaria is called by it's name but still referred to as a sister. The cup is a symbol for the punishment that she received. AT: "for this is the same cup of punishment that your sister, who represents Samaria, drank" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tear your breasts + +"cut your beasts" + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/35.md b/ezk/23/35.md index 8ce81899ab..4e804f15e9 100644 --- a/ezk/23/35.md +++ b/ezk/23/35.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## and thrown me away behind your back ## +# thrown me away behind your back -Yahweh is saying Oholibah does not care about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## you will lift high and reveal ## - -Both of these phrases describe one action. AT: "you will put on display" or "you will make it clear for everyone to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of Oholibah rejecting him as if he were an object that she had thrown behind her back and forgotten. AT: "rejected me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/36.md b/ezk/23/36.md index 0e4a64d23a..8142f63913 100644 --- a/ezk/23/36.md +++ b/ezk/23/36.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Son of man, will you judge Oholah and Oholibah? ## +# Son of man, will you judge Oholah and Oholibah? -AT: "Son of man, you will judge Oholah and Oholibah!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question as a command for Ezekiel. This question can be written as a statement. The cities of Jerusalem and Samaria are represented by Oholah and Oholibah. AT: "Son of man, you will judge Oholah and Oholibah!" or "Son of man, judge the people of those two cities represented by Oholah and Oholibah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## there is blood on their hands ## +# Son of man -The blood is the result of killing people, and therefore represents murder. AT: "they have murdered people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). + +# there is blood on their hands + +This is an idiom. AT: "they have murdered people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/38.md b/ezk/23/38.md index c956317065..2d37f5a84e 100644 --- a/ezk/23/38.md +++ b/ezk/23/38.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel about Oholah and Oholibah. +# General Information: -## and on the same day they defile my Sabbaths ## +Yahweh speaks about how the people of Jerusalem and Samaria have been unfaithful to him. -The phrase "same day" refers to the previous phrase "make my sanctuary unclean." AT: "and on the same day they make my sanctuary unclean, they defile my Sabbaths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# unclean -## came to my sanctuary on the same day to defile it ## +A person or thing God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "came to defile my sanctuary on the same day as slaughtering their children for their idols" +# on the same day they defile my Sabbaths -## So behold ## +The phrase "same day" refers to the previous phrase "make my sanctuary unclean." AT: "on the same day on which they make my sanctuary unclean, they defile my Sabbaths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” \ No newline at end of file +# behold! + +"indeed!" The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# in the middle of my house + +This refers to the house in general. The reference to the "middle" emphasizes that what was done happened openly in the temple and defiled the whole place. AT: "in my own house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/40.md b/ezk/23/40.md index ce4f23559e..5396488efb 100644 --- a/ezk/23/40.md +++ b/ezk/23/40.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Ezekiel speaks to Oholah and Oholibah. +# General Information: -## behold ## +Yahweh again refers to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This can be translated as "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." +# You sent out for men who came from far away, to whom messengers had been sent -## you bathed, painted your eyes, and adorned yourself with jewelry ## +These two phrases have the same meaning. This means that they sent messengers to men far away requesting for them to come to them. AT: "You sent messengers to men who came to you from far away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# behold + +"listen." The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# you bathed, painted your eyes, and adorned yourself with jewelry These are things done by a woman to make her appear more beautiful to a man. -## my incense and my oil ## +# you bathed ... you sat -items used in worship to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "you" switches to singular and refers to only one sister, but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# my incense and my oil + +These are items used in worship to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/42.md b/ezk/23/42.md index cebf9144d7..b711d9b511 100644 --- a/ezk/23/42.md +++ b/ezk/23/42.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the sound of a crowd who were with worries was with you ## +# General Information: -The sound of a crowd is used to refer to the crowd of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh continues to refer to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## drunkards ## +# So the sound of a noisy crowd was around her -people who often get drunk. (The meaning of "Sheba" is "drunkard".) +The sound of the crowd is used to refer to the crowd of people. AT: "So there was a noisy crowd around her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## ornate ## +# was around her ... on their hands -decorated or carved to make more beautiful. \ No newline at end of file +"was around her ... on her and her sister's hands." This verse begins by referring to one of the sisters but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. In the second part of the verse it switches back to referring to both sisters with the word "their." + +# Sabeans were brought + +This can be stated in active form. The word "Sabeans" refers to people from Sheba. AT: "Sabeans had come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they put bracelets + +The word "they" refers to the men. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/43.md b/ezk/23/43.md index 08a476db53..5915838951 100644 --- a/ezk/23/43.md +++ b/ezk/23/43.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## the one worn out by acts of adultery ## +# General Information: -Ezekiel refers to Oholah and Ohobilah with a description. +Yahweh continues to refer to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## penetrated her as they would any prostitute ## +# her who was worn out ... with her, and she with them -"went into her as they would any prostitute" This phrase describes when a man has sex with a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This refers to one of the sisters but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. -## as they would any prostitute ## +# They went in to her and slept with her as men go in to be with a prostitute -AT: "as they would penetrate any prostitute" +This compares the way men slept with her to the way men sleep with a prostitute. AT: "They slept with her in the same way that men sleep with a prostitute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## have blood on their hands ## +# They went in to her -This phrase uses evidence of violence to say they are guilty of violence. \ No newline at end of file +"They went in to where she was" or "They went to her" + +# In this way they slept with Oholah and Oholibah + +"This is how they slept with Oholah and Oholibah" + +# pass judgment + +This is an idiom. AT: "condemn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who shed blood ... blood is on their hands + +This is an idiom. AT: "who murder people ... murderers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/46.md b/ezk/23/46.md index 8e377c364a..3e08978a98 100644 --- a/ezk/23/46.md +++ b/ezk/23/46.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## raise up a company ## +# raise up a company -The phrase "raise up" refers to increase in the number of people. AT: "gather a large group of people" +The phrase "raise up" is an idiom. AT: "gather a large group of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## give them over ## +# against them and give them -Yahweh gives up the responsibility to take care of them and allows them to suffer for their choices. +"against Jerusalem and Samaria and give them" -## to be terrorized and plundered ## +# give them up -AT: "for the company to terrorize and plunder them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh gives up the responsibility to take care of them and allows them to suffer. + +# to be terrorized and plundered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the company to terrorize and plunder them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cut them down + +This is an idiom. AT: "kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/48.md b/ezk/23/48.md index 7e698ac5e0..6f684df055 100644 --- a/ezk/23/48.md +++ b/ezk/23/48.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## set your shameful behavior against you ## +# So they will set your -"cause you to accept responsibility for your shameful behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"So the company will set your." The word "they" refers to the "company" of people from [Ezekiel 23:47](./46.md). -## bear the guilt of yours sins ## +# set your shameful behavior against you -"accept responsibility for the guilt of your sins" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "cause you to accept responsibility for your shameful behavior" or "punish you for your shameful behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# bear the guilt of your sins with your idols + +"accept responsibility for the guilt of your sins with your idols." This implies that they will be punished for their sins. AT: "receive the punishment for sinning by worshiping your idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/intro.md b/ezk/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..41aa33ae3a --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 23 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +Israel and Judah have been unfaithful to God by worshiping idols. They are compared to two unfaithful wives who have repeatedly committed adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/01.md b/ezk/24/01.md index d07d788dc1..7ee6729a9d 100644 --- a/ezk/24/01.md +++ b/ezk/24/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel. -## the word of Yahweh came to me ## +# The word of Yahweh came -AT: "Yahweh spoke to me" +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the king of Babylon has besieged Jerusalem ## +# in the ninth year -The army of Babylon is referred to by its leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"in the 9th year." This refers to how long they had been in exile under King Jehoiachin. AT: "in the ninth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month + +"the tenth day of the tenth month" or "the 10th day of the 10th month." This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# the king of Babylon has besieged + +The army of Babylon is referred to by its leader. AT: "the army of the king of Babylon has besieged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/03.md b/ezk/24/03.md index dd06d75425..a80ac26eea 100644 --- a/ezk/24/03.md +++ b/ezk/24/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## heap up the bones under it ## +# General Information: -Some cultures add bones to a fire because they burn longer than wood. AT: "place the rest of the bones under the pot to fuel the fire" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# this rebellious house + +This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/04.md). AT: "this rebellious people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Gather pieces of food + +Here "food" refers specifically to meat. AT: "Place pieces of meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the best of the flock + +Here the "flock" refers to sheep, not birds. + +# pile up the bones under it + +Some cultures add bones to a fire because they burn longer than wood. This refers to the bones that remained after the best bones were placed in the pot. AT: "place the rest of the bones under the pot to fuel the fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/06.md b/ezk/24/06.md index 6fcb8913c0..e36e9facd9 100644 --- a/ezk/24/06.md +++ b/ezk/24/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## a cooking pot ## +# General Information: -Yahweh compares Jerusalem to a cooking pot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## rust ## +# the city of blood + +Here "blood" is a reference to "murder." AT: "the city of murderers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a cooking pot + +Yahweh continues to compare Jerusalem to a cooking pot. AT: "it is like a cooking pot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rust the red material that forms on metal. Rust eats away at metal and eventually destroys it -## Take ## +# Take piece after piece -Yahweh does not give this command to a specific person, instead he is commanding some imaginary person who is part of the metaphor. +Yahweh does not give this command to a specific person. This is a general command given to an unspecified person within this metaphor. -## but do not cast lots for it ## +# but do not cast lots for it Casting lots was a way of choosing which pieces of meat to take out, but because Yahweh wants to take out all of the pieces of meat, there is no need to cast lots. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/07.md b/ezk/24/07.md index 20074cd960..f957f7b501 100644 --- a/ezk/24/07.md +++ b/ezk/24/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## her ## +Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# For her blood is in the midst of her + +This means that the blood from those who were murdered in Jerusalem is still there. AT: "For the blood of those who were murdered among her is still there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# her The word "her" refers to Jerusalem, which is represented by the cooking pot. -## has set it on the smooth rock ## +# She has set it on the smooth rock; she has not poured it out on the ground to cover it with dust + +This personifies Jerusalem as a person who murdered the people and chose where to put their blood. AT: "They were murdered on the smooth rocks; not on the dirt where the dust would hide their blood" or "Their blood fell on the smooth rocks; it did not fall on the ground where the dust would cover it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# has set it on the smooth rock "has put the blood on bare rocks" -## to cover it with dust ## +# so it brings fury up to exact vengeance -"and cover it with dirt" \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh is speaking about himself taking revenge on those who murdered the people in Jerusalem. AT: "in order that I could see it and then be angry and get revenge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so it could not be covered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that no one could cover it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/09.md b/ezk/24/09.md index a194bcb616..fc67106bcc 100644 --- a/ezk/24/09.md +++ b/ezk/24/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues to compare Jerusalem with a cooking pot. +# General Information: -## I will enlarge the pile of wood ## +Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -It is implied that the pile of wood is under the cooking pot, which represents Jerusalem. AT: "I will make the pile of wood under you even bigger." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# the city of blood -## Increase...Light...Cook...let the bones be well burned ## +Here "blood" is a reference to "murder." AT: "the city of murderers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Yahweh gives these commands to imaginary people who are part of the metaphor. +# I will also enlarge the pile of wood -## Increase the wood ## +It is implied that the pile of wood is under the cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. "I will make the pile of wood on the fire under you even bigger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"Use a lot of wood" +# kindle the fire -## And let the bones be well burned ## +"light the fire" -AT: "And burn the bones." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# let the bones be charred + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "burn the bones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/11.md b/ezk/24/11.md index a9e36c8c6d..bea8910653 100644 --- a/ezk/24/11.md +++ b/ezk/24/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## scorch ## +# General Information: -to burn the surface of something. +Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## corrosion ## +# scorch -when something causes metal to break apart and rust. +to burn the surface of something -## consumed ## +# so its uncleanness within it will be melted, its corrosion consumed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to melt the uncleanness within it and to consume its corrosion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# uncleanness + +A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# corrosion + +"rust" + +# consumed "burnt away" -## She has become weary ## +# She has become weary -AT: "Jerusalem has become tired" +Here the word "she" refers to the cooking pot. This is the cooking pot that is metaphorical for Jerusalem. AT: "Jerusalem has become tired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## toil ## +# toil -difficult labor. \ No newline at end of file +difficult labor + +# but her corrosion has not gone out of her by the fire + +The phrase "has not gone out of her" is an idiom. AT: "but the fire did not burn away her corrosion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/13.md b/ezk/24/13.md index 1cd50f85e7..4f6af14bfe 100644 --- a/ezk/24/13.md +++ b/ezk/24/13.md @@ -1,2 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak to Jerusalem by comparing it to a cooking pot. -There are no other translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# until my fury rests from you + +This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people in his anger as if it were his "fury" that were punishing them. AT: "until I am finished punishing you and am no longer furious with you" or "until I have punished you and I am longer angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/14.md b/ezk/24/14.md index 9980213353..ada2a22af1 100644 --- a/ezk/24/14.md +++ b/ezk/24/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## your activities, they will judge you ## +# General Information: -what they have done proves they are guilty of sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through the end of this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# nor will I rest from it -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +"nor will I rest from punishing you." The word "it" refers to Yahweh punishing the people. + +# As your ways were, and as your activities, they will judge you + +This speaks of Yahweh judging the people for their ways as if their "ways" were actually judging them. AT: "I will judge you by your activities and your ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/15.md b/ezk/24/15.md index f9e9af2b76..2fd9236b04 100644 --- a/ezk/24/15.md +++ b/ezk/24/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## the desire of your eyes ## +# the word of Yahweh came -This refers to Ezekiel's wife. Yahweh refers to Ezekiel by the part of his body he uses to see his wife. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## mourn nor weep, and your tears must not flow ## +# the desire of your eyes -AT: "express your grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This refers to Ezekiel's wife. Yahweh refers to Ezekiel by the part of his body he uses to see his wife. AT: "your wife, whom you love very much," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## turban ## +# with a plague -a head covering made of a long cloth wrapped around the head. +"by a disease" -## sandals ## +# you must not mourn nor weep, and your tears must not flow -a simple shoe held onto the foot with straps around the ankles. +These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Ezekiel is not to cry about his wife dying. AT: "you must not mourn nor weep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## do not veil your facial hair ## +# the dead -In Israel, men would shave their beards to express sorrow, then cover their faces until their facial hair grew back. Yahweh told Ezekiel to not cover his facial hair to show that he had not shaved his face to express his sorrow. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to his dead wife. AT: "your dead wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# turban + +a head covering made of a long cloth wrapped around the head + +# sandals + +a simple shoe held onto the foot with straps around the ankles + +# do not veil your facial hair + +In Israel, men would shave their beards to express sorrow, then cover their faces until their facial hair grew back. Yahweh told Ezekiel not to cover his facial hair in order to show that he had not shaved his face to express his sorrow. AT: "do not mourn by veiling your facial hair" or "do not mourn by shaving and covering your beard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/18.md b/ezk/24/18.md index 6a4d7704ce..72d1fba43d 100644 --- a/ezk/24/18.md +++ b/ezk/24/18.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# In the morning + +"The next morning" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/19.md b/ezk/24/19.md index 8c28ab3a20..94938df9f5 100644 --- a/ezk/24/19.md +++ b/ezk/24/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -The people of Israel question Ezekiel and Ezekiel tells them what Yahweh has said to them. +# General Information: -## pride of your strength ## +The people of Israel question Ezekiel, and Ezekiel tells them what Yahweh has said to them. -AT: "pride in the building that you have made" +# The word of Yahweh came -## the desire of your eyes ## +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "the building that you delight to look at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# the house of Israel -## the lusts of your soul ## +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "your great desire to be better than other people" +# Behold -## fall by the sword ## +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -AT: "be killed in war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I will desecrate my sanctuary—the pride of ... of your soul, and your sons + +"I will desecrate my sanctuary which is the pride ... of your soul. Your sons" + +# desecrate + +"defile" + +# the pride of your power + +This describes the temple as the building that the people are proud of. This speaks of it as being their "pride" instead of the source of their pride. AT: "the building that you are proud of" or "the source of your strong pride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the delight of your eyes + +Here Yahweh refers to the people by their "eyes." AT: "the building that you delight to look at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the yearning of your soul + +Here Yahweh refers to the people by their "soul" to emphasize their inner feelings. AT: "the building that you truly love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# your sons and your daughters ... will fall by the sword + +This refers to their enemies by their swords. AT: "your sons and daughters ... will be killed in war" or "your enemies will kill your sons and your daughters ... with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/22.md b/ezk/24/22.md index faa6c09f2c..5e88c60214 100644 --- a/ezk/24/22.md +++ b/ezk/24/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## you will melt away in your iniquities ## +# you will melt away -you will grieve intensely because of your sins (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "melt away" is a metaphor for wasting away and dying. AT: "you will become very thin and slowly die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## groan ## +# in your iniquities -the sound a person makes who wants help, but pain or sorrow is so strong that they are not capable of speaking. \ No newline at end of file +This implies that God will not forgive the sins of these people. AT: "and I will not forgive your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# groan + +This is the sound a person makes who wants help, but who has too much pain or sorrow to speak. + +# So Ezekiel will be a sign for you + +Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 12:6](../12/04.md). AT: "So Ezekiel will be a warning for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/25.md b/ezk/24/25.md index a45a14b067..0d3cf18654 100644 --- a/ezk/24/25.md +++ b/ezk/24/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## refugee ## +# that I capture their temple -someone who has been forced to leave their country because of war or another disaster. +Here Yahweh speaks of destroying the temple as if it were someone that he was capturing. AT: "that I destroy their temple" -## your mouth will be opened up ## +# which is their joy, their pride -"Yahweh will open your mouth" This describes someone being given understanding and the ability to speak about something. AT: "you will know what to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The abstract nouns "joy" and "pride" can be translated as noun phrases. AT: "which is what they are joyful about and what they are proud of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will speak—you will no longer be silent ## +# refugee -Both of these mean the people Israel will speak. It is said again as a negative to emphasis the positive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +someone who has been forced to leave their country because of war or another disaster -## will be a sign ## +# your mouth will be opened up -This refers to the people of Israel as a sign because they will help the refugees to understand why Jerusalem was destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. Ezekiel being given understanding and the ability to speak is represented by his mouth being opened. AT: "I will open your mouth" or "you will know what to say" or "I will cause you to know what to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you will speak—you will no longer be silent + +Both of these phrases mean that Ezekiel will speak. In the second phrase it is stated in negative form to emphasize that he will speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# You will be a sign for them + +Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 12:6](../12/04.md). AT: "You will be a warning for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/intro.md b/ezk/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a40f8cafc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ezekiel 24 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Too many sins to be forgiven ##### + +The people of Jerusalem cannot be cleaned from their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +Jerusalem is compared to a pot, so rusted that it cannot be cleaned from its rust. They have been completely rotted by their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/01.md b/ezk/25/01.md index 8e85bf86c1..fe9b66de54 100644 --- a/ezk/25/01.md +++ b/ezk/25/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## the word of Yahweh came to me ## +# the word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Son of man ## +# Son of man -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## set your face against ## +# set your face against the people of Ammon -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md). +This is a command to stare at the people of Ammon as a symbol of punishing them. AT: "stare at the people of Ammon" or "stare at the people of Ammon so that they will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## the sons of Ammon ## +# set your face against the people of Ammon -"the descendants of Ammon" or "the Ammon people" or "those who live in the land of Ammon" +Ammon was far away, so Ezekiel could not see the people there, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming the people. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/01.md). AT: "Turn toward the people of Ammon and stare" or "stare toward Ammon so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## and prophesy against ## +# the people of Ammon -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:6](../04/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +"the descendants of Ammon" or "those who live in the land of Ammon" + +# prophesy against them + +"prophesy about the bad things that will happen to them." This means to prophesy about the horrible things that will happen to the people of Ammon. See how you translated a similar phrase in in [Ezekiel 4:7](../04/06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/03.md b/ezk/25/03.md index ee57322db4..cde1580bb7 100644 --- a/ezk/25/03.md +++ b/ezk/25/03.md @@ -1,45 +1,47 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh tells Ezekiel what to say to the people of Ammon. -## the sons of Ammon ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 25:3](./03.md). - -## hear the word of the Lord Yahweh ## +# Hear the word of the Lord Yahweh "Listen to this message from the Lord Yahweh" -## thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# you said, "Aha!" -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +"you cheered." The word "Aha" is a sound people make when they are happy about something. In this case the people were happy because bad things happened to Israel and Judah. -## You have said, “Aha!” against ## +# over my sanctuary when it was profaned -The word "Aha" is a sound people make when they are happy about something. In this case the people were happy because bad things happened to Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: "You laughed at" or "You cheered against." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "against my sanctuary when the enemy army profaned it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## against my sanctuary when it was profaned ## +# against the land ... against the house -"against my sanctuary when the enemy profaned it." Alternate translation: "when the enemy army defiled my temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"over the land ... over the house" -## and against the land of Israel when it was desolate ## +# the house of Judah -Alternate translation: "and when the land of Israel was in ruins" +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Judah people group" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and against the house of Judah when they went into exile ## +# behold -Alternate translation "and when they took the people of Judah away as slaves." +"indeed." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## behold ## +# I am giving you to a people in the east as their possession -This can be translated as “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +This speaks of the enemy army conquering the land of Ammon and taking possession of the land and everything in it as if the enemy were taking the people of Ammon as their possession. It is not implied here that the enemy took the people of Ammon as slaves. AT: "I will cause an army from a land that is east of you to come and conquer you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I am giving you to a people in the east as their possession ## +# They will set up camp against you and set up their tents among you -"I will cause an army from a land that is east of you to come and conquer you" +"They will set up tents and live in your country" -## they will set up encampments against you and make their tents in you ## +# They will eat your fruit and they will drink your milk -This could be translated as a new sentence: "They will set up tents and live in your country." +It may be helpful to specify the source of the fruit and milk. AT: "They will eat the fruit from your trees and drink the milk from your cattle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the people of Ammon a field for flocks ## +# the people of Ammon a field for flocks -Here "the people of Ammon" refers to the land that belonged to the people of Ammon. Alternate translation: "I will make the rest of the land of Ammon a field for flocks." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the phrase "the people of Ammon" refers to the land that belonged to the people of Ammon. Also, the understood information at the beginning of this phrase may be supplied. AT: "I will make the rest of the land of Ammon a field for flocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/06.md b/ezk/25/06.md index 8bba6082ce..30bc13535f 100644 --- a/ezk/25/06.md +++ b/ezk/25/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## with all your contempt in your soul against the land of Israel ## +# You have clapped your hands and stamped your feet -Here the word "soul" refers to the place where human emotion comes from. AT: "with all of the hatred you feel towards the people who live in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These actions are ways to show strong emotions. In this case the people are cheering and showing their contempt against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## behold ## +# all the contempt within you against the land of Israel -AT: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +Here the phrase "the land of Israel" represents the people who live there. AT: "all of the hatred you feel towards the people who live in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will strike you with my hand ## +# behold -AT: "I will hit you with my powerful hand" or "I will punish you" +"indeed." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## and give you as plunder to the nations ## +# I will strike you with my hand -AT: "and I will cause the nations to come and take everything away from you" +"I will hit you with my powerful hand." Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were literally hitting them with his hand. AT: "I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and I will cut you off from the other peoples and destroy you! I will destroy you ## +# give you as plunder to the nations -The phrases are repeated for emphasis. AT: "I will completely destroy you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The word "you" refers to the people of Ammon but is also a metonym for their land and their possessions. AT: "I will allow enemies to defeat you and take you, your land, and your possessions as plunder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you will know that I am Yahweh ## +# I will cut you off from the peoples ... make you perish from among the countries -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will completely destroy the people of Ammon so that they are no longer a nation. AT: "I will completely destroy you so that you are no longer a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/08.md b/ezk/25/08.md index 2d57b97ba7..bedf28942c 100644 --- a/ezk/25/08.md +++ b/ezk/25/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# Moab and Seir -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +These places refer to the people who live in them. AT: "the people of Moab and Seir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Behold! ## +# Behold -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"Indeed." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## I will open the slopes of Moab starting at his cities on the borders ## +# The house of Judah is -AT: "I will open the path to Moab by destroying the cities on its borders" +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "The Judah people group are" or "The people of Judah are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the splendor of Beth Jeshimoth, Baal-Meon, and Kiraiathaim ## +# I will open the slopes of Moab, starting at his cities on the border -Meon, and Kiraiathaim** - AT: "I will start at the great cities of Beth Jeshimoth, Baal-Meon, and Kiraiathaim." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This means that he will destroy the cities on the border of Moab first to clear the way for the army to attack Moab itself. AT: "I will open the path to Moab by destroying the cities on its border" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to the children of the east who were against the sons of Ammon ## +# starting at his cities -AT: "I will send the same army from the nations in the east who attacked Ammon." +Here the city of Moab is spoken of with the masculine pronoun "his." AT: "starting at its cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## And I will give them up as a possession so the sons of Ammon will not be remembered among the nations. ## +# the splendor of Beth Jeshimoth, Baal Meon, and Kiriathaim -AT: "I will cause the armies to conquer Ammon so no one will even remember them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"I will start at the great cities of Beth Jeshimoth, Baal Meon, and Kiriathaim." These three places are cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## they will know that I am Yahweh ## +# to the people of the east who have been against the people of Ammon -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +"I will send the same army from the people in the east who attacked Ammon" + +# I will give them up as a possession + +Here Yahweh speaks of allowing the armies from the east to conquer Ammon as if Ammon were a possession that he was giving them. AT: "I will allow the armies to conquer them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that the people of Ammon will not be remembered among the nations + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the nations will not remember the people of Ammon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/12.md b/ezk/25/12.md index 9866e40326..d7170ee6e4 100644 --- a/ezk/25/12.md +++ b/ezk/25/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## I will strike Edom with my hand ## +# Edom has taken -See how you translated the similar phrase "I will strike you with my hand" in [Ezekiel 25:6](./06.md). +Here "Edom" refers to the people who live there. AT: "The people of Edom have taken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## from Teman to Dedan ## +# the house of Judah -These are two cities at opposite ends of Edom. This means that God will destroy all of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Judah people group" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They will fall by the sword ## +# I will strike Edom with my hand -The word "fall" represents being killed and "sword" refers to battle. AT: "Their enemies will kill them with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were literally hitting them with his hand. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 25:7](./06.md). AT: "I will punish Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make them ... from Teman to Dedan + +"I will make all of Edom ... from Teman to Dedan." These are two cities at opposite ends of Edom. This means that Yahweh will destroy all of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They will fall by the sword + +The word "fall" represents being killed and the word "sword" refers to their enemies who will kill them in battle. AT: "Their enemies will kill them with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/14.md b/ezk/25/14.md index f802f55eff..6281c4b398 100644 --- a/ezk/25/14.md +++ b/ezk/25/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## I will take my vengeance on Edom by the hand of my people Israel ## +# I will lay my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of my people Israel -AT: "I will use my people Israel to take revenge against the people of Edom" +Here the "hand" of Israel is a metonym for Israel's army. Yahweh speaks of taking revenge on the people of Edom as if his vengeance were like a sheet that he covered them with. The abstract noun "vengeance" can be translated with the verb "to punish." AT: "I will use my people Israel to punish the people of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they will do to Edom according to my anger and my fury ## +# they will do to Edom according to my anger and my fury -AT: "they will show Edom my anger and fury" or "they will punish Edom according to my anger and fury against the people of Edom" +"they will show Edom my anger and fury" or "they will punish Edom according to my anger and fury against the people of Edom" -## So they will know my vengeance! ## +# my anger and my fury -AT: "So the people of Edom will know that I have taken revenge against them" +The word "fury" means basically the same thing as and intensifies the word "anger." AT: "my furious anger" or "my extreme anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# they will know my vengeance -AT: "This is what the Lord Yahweh declares" or "This is what the Lord says will happen" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "vengeance" can be translated with the verb "to punish." AT: "the people of Edom will know that I have punished them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/15.md b/ezk/25/15.md index 4e62684541..c9d74c63e7 100644 --- a/ezk/25/15.md +++ b/ezk/25/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Because of what the Philistines have done through vengeance when they took vengeance with disdain in their soul to destroy Judah with very old hostility ## +# The Philistines have taken vengeance with malice and from within themselves they tried to destroy Judah again and again -Here the word “soul” refers to the place where human emotion comes from. AT: "Because the Philistines hated the people in Judah and tried to take revenge against them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The phrase "from within themselves" is an idiom. AT: "The Philistines hate Judah and have tried to take revenge against it by their own strength again and again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Behold ## +# to destroy Judah -This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +Here "Judah" refers to the people who live there. AT: "to destroy the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will reach out my hand against the Philistines ## +# Behold -AT: "I will turn my powerful hand against the Philistines" or "I will turn my great power against the Philistines" +This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## I will cut off ## +# I will reach out with my hand against the Philistines -AT: "I will destroy" or "I will get rid of" (UDB) +Here Yahweh's power is represented by his "hand." AT: "I will turn my powerful hand against the Philistines" or "I will turn my great power against the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Kerethites ## +# I will cut off -AT: "The people of Kereth." This is a people that lived in Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "I will destroy" or "I will get rid of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## they will know that I am Yahweh ## +# Kerethites -See how you translated the similar phrase "you will know that I am Yahweh" in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +"The people of Kereth." This is a people that lived in the city of Kereth in Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/intro.md b/ezk/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7c7d596417 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Ezekiel 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Prophecy against other nations ##### +This chapter includes prophecies against some Gentile nations. Ammon, Moab, Edom and Philistia will all be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/01.md b/ezk/26/01.md index dc7d2e08d7..fb04d53e58 100644 --- a/ezk/26/01.md +++ b/ezk/26/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## The Word of Yahweh came ## +# in the eleventh year -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). +"in year 11." This means the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. AT: "in the eleventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Son of man ## +# on the first day of the month -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +"on day 1 of the month." It is uncertain which month of the Hebrew calendar Ezekiel meant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Tyre has said against Jerusalem ## +# the word of Yahweh came -AT: "the people of Tyre have said against the people of Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Aha! ## +# Son of man -AT: "Yes!" or "Very good!" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## The gates of the people are broken ## +# Tyre has said against Jerusalem -AT: "The armies have broken down the gates that protected the people inside of Jerusalem." +Here the city names "Tyre" and "Jerusalem" represent the people of those cities. AT: "the people of Tyre have said against the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## She has turned to me ## +# Aha! -Cities are often referred to as "she." The word "me" refers to the people of Tyre. AT: "The people of Jerusalem are now running to us" +The word "Aha" is a sound people make when they discover something. AT: "Yes!" or "This is great!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## I will be filled up as she is ruined ## +# The gates of the people are broken -"We will become rich while Jerusalem is destroyed" \ No newline at end of file +The people of Tyre use these words to refer to Jerusalem as if it were a city gate through which traders from the surrounding nations pass. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Armies have broken down the gates of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# She has turned to me + +Here the word "she" refers to the word "gates" which have "turned" on their hinges to open to Tyre. This phrase means that Tyre has now replaced Jerusalem as the city through which the traders from many nations pass. AT: "The gateway has opened to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will be filled up + +Here to be "filled up" represents being prosperous. AT: "I will become prosperous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# she is ruined + +"Jerusalem is ruined" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/03.md b/ezk/26/03.md index 6d42a145fe..9e7c6a9d6a 100644 --- a/ezk/26/03.md +++ b/ezk/26/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Behold ## +# Behold! -This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" -## I will raise up many nations against you like the sea raises its waves ## +# I will raise up many nations against you like the sea raises its waves -Here the word "nations" refers to their armies. AT: "I will gather an army from the nations that is as great and powerful as the waves in the raging sea." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here the word "nations" refers to their armies. AT: "I will gather armies from many nations that will beat against you like the waves in the raging sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## tower ## +# I will sweep her dust away and make her like a bare rock -a tall building used to watch for enemies or to hide in - -## I will sweep her dust away and make her like a bare rock ## - -AT: "I will cause the army to completely destroy the city, and they will leave nothing there so that it will be like a rock with nothing on it." \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of how he will cause Tyre to be completely destroyed. AT: "I will cause the armies to completely destroy the city, and they will leave nothing there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/05.md b/ezk/26/05.md index 61dc5617e4..cfa408689b 100644 --- a/ezk/26/05.md +++ b/ezk/26/05.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## She will become ## +# Connecting Statement: -Cities are often referred to as "she." AT: "Tyre will become" or "It will become." +Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## a place for nets to dry out in the midst of the sea ## +# She will become -Part of Tyre was an island. AT: "an empty island used for drying fishing nets" or "a deserted island where people dry out their fishing nets" +The city of Tyre is spoken of here as if it were a woman. AT: "Tyre will become" or "It will become" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# a place for nets to dry out in the midst of the sea -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +Part of Tyre was an island. This expression is a metonym for the results of Tyre's destruction. AT: "an empty island used for drying fishing nets" or "a deserted island where people dry out their fishing nets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## plunder ## +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -things that people have stolen +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## she will become plunder for the nations ## +# she will become plunder for the nations -AT: "armies from the nations will steal everything from Tyre." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Plunder" means things that people steal or take by force. Here Tyre becoming plunder represents its wealth being carried off by other nations. AT: "the armies of the nations will take away every valuable thing from Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Her daughters who are in the field will be slaughtered by the swords ## +# Her daughters who are in the fields will be slaughtered by the swords -AT: "The enemy armies will kill her daughters who are in the field." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy armies will slaughter with swords her daughters who are in the fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Her daughters who are in the the field ## +# Her daughters who are in the fields -Villages were sometimes called the daughters of the cities that ruled over them. Possible meanings are 1) the small villages on that mainland that Tyre ruled over, or 2) the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields. +Possible meanings are 1) "Her daughters" were the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or 2) "Her daughters" is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. AT: "Her daughter communities who are on the mainland" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## they will know that I am Yahweh ## +# know that I am Yahweh -See how you translated the similar phrase "you will know that I am Yahweh" in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/07.md b/ezk/26/07.md index 7e6607d942..7344907b6e 100644 --- a/ezk/26/07.md +++ b/ezk/26/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Behold ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## the king of kings ## +# Behold -the most powerful king +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## I am bringing Nebuchadnezzar ## +# Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, king of kings -God is using Nebuchadnezzar to bring about his will. +The phrase "king of kings" was a title, meaning that he was the greatest of kings, the king that other kings obeyed. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the greatest king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## cavalry ## +# a great many people -soldiers who fight while riding on horses \ No newline at end of file +This emphasizes the great size of Nebuchadnezzar's army. + +# He will kill + +Here the word "He" refers to Nebuchadnezzar and is a metonym for his army. AT: "His army will kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your daughters in the field + +Possible meanings are 1) "your daughters" refers to the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or 2) "your daughters" is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:6](./05.md). AT: "your daughter communities who are on the mainland." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/09.md b/ezk/26/09.md index ba76c09e7e..b5b24ce02e 100644 --- a/ezk/26/09.md +++ b/ezk/26/09.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## He will place ## +# General Information: -The word "he" refers to Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon. +The words "he" and "his" in these verses refer to Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, and represent the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar's army doing these actions. The word "your" refers to the city of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## battering ram ## +# He will place his battering rams to hit against your walls, and his tools will tear down your towers -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md). +Although the battering rams and tools are spoken of as acting against the walls and towers of Tyre, they would have been used by the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar's army against the walls and towers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## his tools ## +# battering rams -"his instruments of war" +"Battering rams" are large trees or poles that many men in an army would pick up and hit against a wall or door so they could break it down and get inside. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:2](../04/01.md). -## are assaulted ## +# tools -Possible meanings are 1) "that enemies attack" or 2) "whose walls are broken down." +Weapons or instruments made of iron used to tear down the towers -## will trample ## +# When he enters your gates, he will enter as men come into a city whose walls have been broken down -"will crush" or "will stomp on" \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh uses a simile to describe how Nebuchadnezzar's army will enter into the city of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# whose walls have been broken down + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after breaking down its walls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/12.md b/ezk/26/12.md index 7550e31973..9b56f16622 100644 --- a/ezk/26/12.md +++ b/ezk/26/12.md @@ -1 +1,39 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. + +# General Information: + +The word "They" in these verses refers to the soldiers in the armies of Nebuchadnezzar. The words "your" and "you" refer to the city of Tyre. + +# They will plunder your riches and loot your merchandise + +The phrases "plunder your riches" and "loot your merchandise" mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# luxurious + +expensive and comfortable + +# Your stones, your timber, and the rubble + +These refer to what is left after the walls and homes are torn down. + +# into the waters + +"into the sea" + +# The sound of your harps will be heard no more + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will hear the sound of your harps anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will make you a bare rock + +This metaphor describes the results after Yahweh completely destroys Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:4](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will become a place where nets are spread out to dry + +This metaphor also describes the results after Yahweh destroys Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:5](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will become a place where nets + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will make you a place where nets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/15.md b/ezk/26/15.md index 84c9af7917..901413a690 100644 --- a/ezk/26/15.md +++ b/ezk/26/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## Will not the islands quake...in your midst ## +# Will not the islands quake ... in your midst? -AT: "The islands quake ...in your midst." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question expects a positive answer and emphasizes the results of Tyre's destruction. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "The islands will quake ... in your midst." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## They will clothe themselves with fear ## +# Will not the islands quake -AT: "They will be very afraid." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "the islands" represents the people living on the islands. AT: "Will not the people of the islands quake with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# princes of the sea + +"princes of the coastlands" + +# They will clothe themselves with trembling + +This metaphor represents the princes trembling enough to seem like it was their clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# appalled + +"astonished" or "dismayed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/17.md b/ezk/26/17.md index 7550e31973..16f365acda 100644 --- a/ezk/26/17.md +++ b/ezk/26/17.md @@ -1 +1,35 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. + +# General Information: + +In these verses, "They" refers to the "princes of the sea" in the previous verse, and "you" refers to Tyre. + +# lift up + +"sing" + +# How you, who were inhabited by sailors, have been destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "How your enemies have destroyed you—you who were inhabited by sailors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# spread a terror about themselves upon everyone who lived near them + +The abstract noun "terror" can be translated using the adjective "terrified." AT: "caused all the people around them to be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Now the coasts tremble on the day of your downfall. The islands in the sea are terrified, because you have died + +These two lines are similar in meaning and emphasize the response of the surrounding people to the destruction of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Now the coasts tremble + +Here "the coasts" represents the people living there. AT: "Now the people of the coastlands tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The islands in the sea are terrified + +Here "the islands in the sea" represents the people living there. AT: "The people of the islands are terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have died + +The destruction of Tyre is spoken of as if it was a person who had died. AT: "you have departed" or "you exist no more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/19.md b/ezk/26/19.md index fcc67a0ae4..b8e697ea04 100644 --- a/ezk/26/19.md +++ b/ezk/26/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,35 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## make you ## +# When I make you -The word “you” refers to the city of Tyre. In the original language it is feminine singular, because nations were often thought of as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "you" here refers to the city of Tyre. In the original language "you" here is feminine singular. + +# When I make you a desolate city, like the other cities that are not inhabited + +Here Tyre is compared to other cities that no longer had people living in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the deeps + +Here "the deeps" means the deep waters of the sea. AT: "the deep waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# then I will bring you down to the people of ancient times, like the others who have gone down into the pit; for I will make you live in the lowest realms of the earth as in ruins of ancient times + +What Yahweh would do to Tyre is compared to people going to the grave and cities falling into ruin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the pit + +This refers to the grave. Because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# stand in the land of the living + +This represents being restored to the city's former existence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will place disaster on you + +The abstract noun "disaster" can be translated using the adjective "terrible" or the verb "destroy." AT: "I will bring you to a terrible end" or "I will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Then you will be sought, but you will never be found ever again + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then people will seek you but not be able to find you ever again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/intro.md b/ezk/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4bc8418a01 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Ezekiel 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +This chapter begins a section of prophecy against Tyre. The Babylonians will destroy Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/01.md b/ezk/27/01.md index e321832af5..4eefd8f1d5 100644 --- a/ezk/27/01.md +++ b/ezk/27/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## ## +# the word of Yahweh came -who live within the gates of the sea** - "who live at the gates of the sea." This phrase means 1) "who live by the ports of the sea" or 2) "who rule over the ports of the sea." \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# son of man + +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "mortal person" or "human" + +# begin a lamentation + +The abstract noun "lamentation" can be translated using the verb "lament." AT: "begin to lament" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# say to Tyre + +Here the word "Tyre" represents the people living in Tyre. AT: "say to the people of Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who lives within the gates of the sea + +"who lives at the gates of the sea" or "who lives at the entry to the sea" + +# Tyre, you have said + +Here the word "Tyre" represents the people living in Tyre. AT: "People of Tyre, you have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am perfect in beauty + +The abstract noun "beauty" can be translated using the adjective "beautiful." AT: "I am perfectly beautiful" or "I am entirely beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/04.md b/ezk/27/04.md index fc3189392e..00bf5b6c3c 100644 --- a/ezk/27/04.md +++ b/ezk/27/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## Your borders ## +# General Information: -"The boundaries of your kingdom" +"Your" and "you" in these verses refer to Tyre. -## a mast ## +# General Information: + +The city of Tyre is described here and in the following verses as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your borders + +"Your boundaries" + +# heart of the seas + +"middle of the seas" + +# planks + +long, flat pieces of wood; thick boards + +# a mast a large pole on a ship that holds up the sails of the ship \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/06.md b/ezk/27/06.md index a79cb4c072..546d0b0a78 100644 --- a/ezk/27/06.md +++ b/ezk/27/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. +# Connecting Statement: -## oars ## +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -long pieces of wood that people use to make the boat move +# General Information: -## decks ## +"They" in these verses refers to the builders of Tyre. "Your" refers to Tyre. + +# oars + +long pieces of wood with flat blades at one end that people use to make a boat move + +# decks the parts of the boat that people can walk on -## ivory ## +# overlaid them -a white, beautiful, and hard material that is made from the teeth of animals +"covered them" -## sails ## +# ivory -large pieces of cloth that move a ship when the wind blows on them \ No newline at end of file +a white, beautiful, and hard material that is made from the long teeth of some animals + +# sails + +large pieces of cloth that move a ship when the wind blows on them + +# Your sails were made from colorful linen from Egypt that served as your banner + +The sails of the ship are compared to the banners or flags of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/08.md b/ezk/27/08.md index d771f098a6..a6007dfbbc 100644 --- a/ezk/27/08.md +++ b/ezk/27/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. +# Connecting Statement: -## ## +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -pilots** - people who control where the ship goes +# General Information: -## filled your seams ## +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. -"repaired you cracks" or "repaired you leaks" +# Arvad -## sailors ## +This is the name of a small island off the coast of Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -people who sail ships on the sea \ No newline at end of file +# sages + +"wise men" + +# pilots + +A pilot is a person who controls where a ship goes by steering the ship. + +# Byblos + +This is the name of a city on the Syrian coast. Other versions call it by the name "Gebal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +# filled your seams + +"repaired your cracks" or "repaired your leaks" + +# sailors + +A sailor is one of the team of workers on a ship. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/10.md b/ezk/27/10.md index 26062f69fa..7c99c04161 100644 --- a/ezk/27/10.md +++ b/ezk/27/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## ## +# General Information: -your men of war** - "men who fought in your wars" or "serving as your warriors" +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. -## they showed your splendor ## +# Persia, Lydia ... Libya ... Arvad ... Helek ... Gammad -"they gave you your splendor" \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# your men of war + +"men who fought in your wars" or "serving as your warriors" + +# your splendor + +The abstract noun "splendor" can be translated using the adjective "splendid." AT: "how splendid you were" or "how majestic you were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# They completed your beauty + +The abstract noun "beauty" can be translated using the adjective "beautiful." AT: "They finished making you beautiful" or "They made you perfectly beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/12.md b/ezk/27/12.md index bd27fd5c30..ead2f47e99 100644 --- a/ezk/27/12.md +++ b/ezk/27/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## iron ## +# General Information: -a hard metal that was good for making weapons and building things +The word "your" in these verses refers to Tyre. -## tin ## +# Silver, iron, tin, and lead -the metal that is left after refining gold, silver or iron +metals that were used during that time period -## lead ## +# wares -a valuable metal that is very heavy and softer than other metals +"merchandise" -## Javan ## +# Javan -a nation on the western shore of Asia minor. It was also known as Ionia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a coastal region also known as Ionia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They handled your merchandise + +"They traded for your merchandise" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/14.md b/ezk/27/14.md index a864f4c70f..931f074418 100644 --- a/ezk/27/14.md +++ b/ezk/27/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## ## +# General Information: -stallions** - strong male horses +The word "your" in these verses refers to Tyre. -## Merchandise was in your hand ## +# Beth Togarmah ... Rhodes -AT: "You owned goods." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +These were the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# stallions + +adult male horses + +# Merchandise was in your hand + +Having things in the hands here is probably a metaphor for carrying those things or having them in their possession. AT: "You owned things that you sold to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# horn + +This refers to the tusks or elongated teeth of certain animals. + +# ebony + +a dark brown to black hardwood that is very dense or heavy \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/16.md b/ezk/27/16.md index e2baf84de6..6c40d8f4ec 100644 --- a/ezk/27/16.md +++ b/ezk/27/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,51 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## ## +# General Information: -purple** - "purple cloth" or "purple yarn" +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. -## pearls ## +# Aram was a dealer -beautiful pieces of hard white material that come from creatures in the sea +Here "Aram" refers to the people of Aram. AT: "The people of Aram were dealers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## ruby ## +# dealer -a red stone that is very valuable +"trader" -## millet ## +# emeralds -a small type of grain that people used to make bread +An emerald is a type of green precious stone. -## balsam ## +# purple -a sweet smelling gum or resin that comes from a tree \ No newline at end of file +Here purple cloth or yarn is referred to by just its color. AT: "purple cloth" or "purple yarn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# pearls + +beautiful beads of hard white material that come from creatures in the sea + +# rubies + +A ruby is a type of red precious stone. + +# Judah and the land of Israel were trading with you + +Here "Judah and the land of Israel" refers to the people of those places. AT: "The people of Judah and Israel were trading with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Minnith ... Helbon ... Zahar + +These were names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# cakes + +The meaning of the Hebrew word translated here as "cakes" is uncertain. Other versions may translate it as another type of food. + +# balsam + +a sweet-smelling gum or resin that comes from a tree + +# enormous + +"abundant" or "great" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/19.md b/ezk/27/19.md index 96460ad022..2f3350a2bd 100644 --- a/ezk/27/19.md +++ b/ezk/27/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,39 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## cinnamon ## +# General Information: -the type of spice that comes from the bark of a tree. "Cassia spice" is another name for this spice. +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. -## calamus ## +# Dan ... Javan ... Izal ... Dedan ... Arabia ... Kedar -a type of grass that people used as perfume and for medicine +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## saddle blankets ## +# Dan and Javan -a piece of cloth that people placed on horses beneath a saddle \ No newline at end of file +This is a metonym for the people of Dan and Javan. AT: "The people of Dan and Javan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wrought iron + +a form of iron that can be shaped with a hammer + +# cinnamon + +This is a type of spice that comes from the bark of a tree. "Cassia" is another name for this spice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# calamus + +a type of grass that people used as perfume and for medicine (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Dedan was + +This is a metonym for the people of Dedan. AT: "The people of Dedan were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# saddle blankets + +A saddle blanket is a piece of cloth that people place on a horse beneath a saddle or seat. + +# Arabia + +This is a metonym for the people of Arabia. AT: "The people of Arabia" or "The Arabians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/22.md b/ezk/27/22.md index 384b4371cf..3172b1db97 100644 --- a/ezk/27/22.md +++ b/ezk/27/22.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## ## +# General Information: -precious gems** - "valuable stones" \ No newline at end of file +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. + +# Sheba ... Raamah ... Haran ... Kanneh ... Eden ... Sheba ... Ashur ... Kilmad + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# precious gems + +"valuable stones" + +# Haran, Kanneh, and Eden were traders with you, along with Sheba, Ashur, and Kilmad + +This refers to the people from these places. AT: "The people of Haran, Kanneh, and Eden were traders with you, along with the people of Sheba, Ashur, and Kilmad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/24.md b/ezk/27/24.md index f145b049ee..76fb96c289 100644 --- a/ezk/27/24.md +++ b/ezk/27/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## ornate robes of violet cloths with woven colors ## +# General Information: + +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. + +# These were your dealers + +"They traded with you" + +# ornate robes of violet cloths with woven colors "purple robes with many different colors" -## blankets of multicolored, embroidered, and well-woven cloth ## +# blankets of multicolored, embroidered, and well-woven cloth -woven cloth** - "blankets with many colors that had designs and were of high quality" +"blankets with many colors that had designs and were of high quality" -## in the heart of the seas ## +# The ships of Tarshish were the transporters of your merchandise -"in the middle of all the trading routes for sea-trade." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The ships of Tarshish carried your merchandise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you were filled up, heavily laden with cargo + +Tyre's abundance is spoken of as if it was a ship that was full of cargo. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# heart of the seas + +"middle of the seas." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/26.md b/ezk/27/26.md index f8d4d8c35a..791c8d1d4e 100644 --- a/ezk/27/26.md +++ b/ezk/27/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,43 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -## Your rowers have brought you into vast seas ## +# General Information: -"The people that row you have brought you out far into the sea" +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. -## in the middle of them ## +# General Information: -"in the middle of the seas" \ No newline at end of file +The city of Tyre is described here and in the following verses as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your rowers + +"The people that row you" + +# vast seas + +"great waters" + +# the eastern wind + +"the strong wind from the east" + +# middle of them + +"heart of the seas" or "middle of the seas." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](./04.md). + +# sailors + +"seamen" + +# crew + +team of workers + +# depths of the sea + +"heart of the seas" or "middle of the seas." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](./04.md). + +# on the day of your destruction + +The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated using the verb "destroy." AT: "at the time you are destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/28.md b/ezk/27/28.md index 2de877f8eb..8192107f1c 100644 --- a/ezk/27/28.md +++ b/ezk/27/28.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. +# Connecting Statement: -## will wail bitterly ## +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"will shriek with extreme grief" \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. + +# Cities at the sea will tremble + +Here "Cities at the sea" represents the people in those cities. AT: "The people of the cities by the sea will tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# All those who handle oars + +"All the rowers" + +# wail bitterly + +"cry out sadly" + +# they will cast dust up on their heads. They will roll about in ashes + +These are expressions of grieving and mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/31.md b/ezk/27/31.md index 11803d55d4..4fa666283c 100644 --- a/ezk/27/31.md +++ b/ezk/27/31.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. +# Connecting Statement: -## will shave their heads bald ## +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"will shave their heads so that they have no hair" +# General Information: -## Who is like Tyre ## +The word "they" in these verses refer to the people mentioned in verses 28 and 29. The words "you" and "your" refer to Tyre. -AT: "No other city is like Tyre." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# They will shave their heads bald for you and bind themselves with sackcloth -## who has now been brought to silence ## +These are expressions of grieving and mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -AT: "who is destroyed." +# bald -## ashore ## +having no hair on the head -"on to the land" \ No newline at end of file +# They will lift up their wails of lamentation + +The abstract noun "lamentation" can be translated using the verb "lament." AT: "They will cry out and lament" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# dirges + +"funeral songs" + +# Who is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea? + +This question expects a negative answer and emphasizes Tyre being different from all other cities. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "No other city is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who has now been brought to silence + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "who its enemies have now silenced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When your merchandise went ashore + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "When people brought your merchandise ashore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# ashore + +"onto the land" + +# you enriched the kings of the earth + +"you made the kings of the earth rich" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/34.md b/ezk/27/34.md index ef61dc3cee..77a406ea9e 100644 --- a/ezk/27/34.md +++ b/ezk/27/34.md @@ -1,13 +1,43 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. +# Connecting Statement: -## were appalled at you ## +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# General Information: + +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. + +# when you were shattered by the seas, by deep waters + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "when the seas, the deep waters, shattered you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# shattered + +To "shatter" is to break up into pieces. + +# crew + +team of workers + +# were appalled at you "were shocked and terrified by what happened to you" -## hiss at you ## +# their kings shuddered in horror -"hiss out of grief for you." Hissing was a way of expressing grief. +The abstract noun "horror" can be translated using the adverb "fearfully." AT: "their kings shuddered fearfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## you have become a horror ## +# shuddered -"it has become terrifying for people to think about you" \ No newline at end of file +"shook" or "trembled" + +# Their faces trembled + +Here "faces" represents the whole person. AT: "They appear to be trembling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# hiss at you + +Hissing was making a whistling sound through the teeth. It may have been out of dismay, grief, or surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# you have become a horror + +The abstract noun "horror" can be translated using the adjective "dreadful." This can be stated in active form. AT: "you have become dreadful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/intro.md b/ezk/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f7521354ad --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ezekiel 27 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +The prophecy against Tyre continues in this chapter. Tyre has become wealthy from trade as far as Spain, but Tyre will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +Tyre is compared to a ship built with the very best materials. Despite its strength and power, Yahweh will destroy it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/01.md b/ezk/28/01.md index c087537984..601c32491c 100644 --- a/ezk/28/01.md +++ b/ezk/28/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## in the heart of the seas ## +# the word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](../27/04.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you make your heart like the heart of a god ## +# Son of man -"you think that you have the mind of a god" \ No newline at end of file +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# Your heart is arrogant + +Here "heart" represents the will or thoughts of the ruler of Tyre. AT: "You are arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# arrogant + +"proud" + +# I will sit in the seat of the gods + +"I will sit on the throne of the gods." Here sitting in the seat of the gods represents claiming to be in the same exalted position as if he were one of the gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# heart of the seas + +"middle of the seas." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](../27/04.md). + +# you make your heart like the heart of a god + +Here "heart" represents the mind or thinking. A god thinks of himself as better than people. AT: "you think that you have the mind of a god" or "you have allowed yourself to think that you are better than other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you think that you are wiser than Daniel + +Here the ruler of Tyre compares himself to Daniel the prophet in how wise he thought he was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/04.md b/ezk/28/04.md index 9b8e8f3b3a..e4b72f53f9 100644 --- a/ezk/28/04.md +++ b/ezk/28/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. -## with wisdom and skill ## +# General Information: -"by your wisdom and your understanding" +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the ruler of Tyre. -## and obtained ## +# You have made yourself wealthy with wisdom and skill -"and stored up" +The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "skill" can be translated using the adjectives "wise" and "skillful." AT: "You have become wealthy by your own wisdom and skill" or "You have become wealthy by being wise and skillful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## treasuries ## +# obtained -places to store valuable objects and keep them safe \ No newline at end of file +"stored up" + +# treasuries + +places to store valuable objects and keep them safe + +# By great wisdom and by your trading, you have multiplied your wealth, so your heart is arrogant because of your wealth + +The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "wealth" can be translated using the adjectives "wise" and "wealthy." AT: "By being very wise and by your trading, you have become more and more wealthy, so your heart is arrogant because of how wealthy you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your heart is arrogant + +Here "heart" represents the will or thoughts of the ruler of Tyre. AT: "you are arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/06.md b/ezk/28/06.md index f9f97dc381..101527d8a0 100644 --- a/ezk/28/06.md +++ b/ezk/28/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. -## you have made your heart like the heart of a god ## +# General Information: -See how you translated "you make your heart like the heart of a god" in [Ezekiel 28:1](./01.md). +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the ruler of Tyre. -## the beauty of your wisdom ## +# you have made your heart like the heart of a god -AT: "the beautiful city that you have built with you wisdom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" represents the mind or thinking. A god thinks of himself as better than people. See how you translated the similar phrase in [Ezekiel 28:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the beauty of your wisdom + +The abstract nouns "beauty" and "wisdom" can be translated using the adjective "beautiful" and the adverb "wisely." AT: "the beautiful things that you have so wisely made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# profane your splendor + +The abstract noun "splendor" can be translated using the adjective "splendid." AT: "profane how splendid you are" or "defile how majestic you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/08.md b/ezk/28/08.md index a30d4e66f3..3e0476fd26 100644 --- a/ezk/28/08.md +++ b/ezk/28/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. -## Will you truly say, “I am a god” ## +# General Information: -AT: "You will not dare to say "I am a god." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The word "They" refers to foreign armies. The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the king of Tyre. -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# down to the pit -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "the pit" refers to the grave or to hell. AT: "down to the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the heart of the seas + +"in the middle of the seas" + +# Will you truly say, "I am a god" to the face of one who kills you? + +This question expects a negative answer to emphasize the irony when one who claims to be a god is destroyed by men. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You will not say 'I am a god' to the face of one who kills you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# to the face of + +Here the face represents being in the presence of another person. AT: "in the presence of" or "before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in the hand of + +Here being in the hand of someone represents being under their control. AT: "under the control of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by the hand of foreigners + +Here "hand" is a metonym for the actions of the foreigners' army. AT: "by an army of foreigners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/11.md b/ezk/28/11.md index 79a8dce522..795f7b87aa 100644 --- a/ezk/28/11.md +++ b/ezk/28/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## The word of Yahweh came again to me ## +# The word of Yahweh came again to me, saying, -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +The idiom "The word of Yahweh came again to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 18:1](../18/01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to me a second time. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this second message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## lift up a lament ## +# Son of man -"sing a funeral song" or "sing a song of mourning" or "sing a sad song" (UDB) +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## You were the model of perfection ## +# lift up -Alternate translation: "You were perfect." +"sing" -## full of wisdom and perfect in beauty ## +# You were the model of perfection -"very wise and very handsome" +The abstract nouns "model" and "perfection" can be translated using the words "completely" and "perfect." AT: "You were completely perfect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Every precious stone covered you ## +# full of wisdom and perfect in beauty -"you wore every kind of precious stone." This shows that the king was very wealthy. +The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "beauty" can be translated using the adjectives "wise" and "beautiful." AT: "fully wise and perfectly beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## carnelian, chrysolite, and onyx! Topaz, malachite, and jasper! Sapphire, emerald, and beryl! ## +# Every precious stone covered you + +"You wore every kind of precious stone" + +# ruby, topaz, emerald, chrysolite, onyx, jasper, sapphire, turquoise, and beryl These are all precious stones of different colors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## the day of your creation ## +# settings and mountings -"the day you were created" or "the day that I created you" (ULB) \ No newline at end of file +pieces of metal that hold the precious stones + +# It was on the day you were created that they were prepared + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I prepared them on the day that I created you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# prepared + +"made ready" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/14.md b/ezk/28/14.md index 7927f52207..20871671fc 100644 --- a/ezk/28/14.md +++ b/ezk/28/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. -## the fiery stones ## +# General Information: -"the stones of fire." This probably refers to the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:11](./11.md). +The word "you" in these verses refers to the king of Tyre. -## from the day you were created ## +# cherub -AT: "since the day that I created you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:9](../10/09.md). + +# the fiery stones + +"the stones of fire." Possible meanings are 1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](./11.md) or 2) other fiery stones on the "holy mountain of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the day you were created until injustice was found within you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "since the day that I created you until I found injustice within you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/16.md b/ezk/28/16.md index 88f7a07f5a..e529e491ca 100644 --- a/ezk/28/16.md +++ b/ezk/28/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,43 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. -## the fiery stones ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 28:14](./14.md). +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the king of Tyre. -## before ## +# great trade -"in front of" \ No newline at end of file +"large volume of trade" + +# you were filled with violence + +Yahweh speaks of the king of Tyre as if he were a container that was filled up with violence. The king is a synecdoche for himself and his people The abstract noun "violence" can be translated using the adjective "violent." AT: "you and your people became completely violent" or "you and your peoplewere completely violent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# guardian cherub + +"guarding cherub" + +# the fiery stones + +"the stones of fire." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 28:14](./14.md). Possible meanings are 1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](./11.md) or 2) other fiery stones on the "holy mountain of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your heart was arrogant + +Here the "heart" represents the whole person, emphasizing the person's thoughts. AT: "You were arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# arrogant + +"proud" + +# Your heart was arrogant with your beauty; you ruined your wisdom because of your splendor + +The abstract nouns "beauty," wisdom" and "splendor" can be translated using the adjectives "beautiful," "wise" and "splendid." AT: "Your heart was arrogant because you were beautiful; you became unwise because you were so splendid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# before + +"in front of" + +# so they may see you + +"so they may look at you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/18.md b/ezk/28/18.md index 05f630ec9a..975844874f 100644 --- a/ezk/28/18.md +++ b/ezk/28/18.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. -## ## +# General Information: -they will be horrified, and you will never exist again** - See how you translated "you have become a horror, and you will never again exist" in [Ezekiel 27:34](../27/34.md). \ No newline at end of file +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the king of Tyre. + +# it will consume you + +"it will devour you." The fire is spoken of here as if it was eating him up. AT: "it will burn you up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# turn you into ashes + +This idiom means burning up until only ashes are left. AT: "burn you up to ashes" or "burn you up completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# shudder + +"shake" or "tremble" + +# you will be no more forever + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:36](../27/34.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/20.md b/ezk/28/20.md index c5676c3856..4587c2410d 100644 --- a/ezk/28/20.md +++ b/ezk/28/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## the Word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# the word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Son of man ## +# Son of man -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## set your face against ## +# set your face against Sidon -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md). +Sidon was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/01.md). AT: "Turn toward Sidon and stare" or "stare toward Sidon so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## prophesy against ## +# prophesy against -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:6](../04/06.md). +"prophesy about the bad things that will happen to." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:7](../04/06.md). -## Behold ## +# Behold! -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” \ No newline at end of file +"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" + +# I will be glorified in your midst + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will reveal my glory among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# when I execute justice within you + +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated using the verb "judge." AT: "when I judge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will be shown to be holy in you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will use you to show you that I am holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/23.md b/ezk/28/23.md index 35ff1bd7eb..d45c61ff8a 100644 --- a/ezk/28/23.md +++ b/ezk/28/23.md @@ -1,5 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Sidon. -## Then there will no longer be pricking briars and painful thorns for the house of Israel from all those around her who despise her people ## +# General Information: -AT: "There will not be people anywhere around the people of Israel who wound them like briars that scratch and hurt them like thorns that cause pain and who refuse to show them any respect." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Sidon. + +# blood in your streets + +Here "blood" refers to the blood of the people of Sidon and represents those whom their enemies would kill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the slain will fall + +Here "the slain" means the people of Sidon whom their enemies would kill. AT: "the slain people will fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# When the sword comes against you + +Here "sword" is a metonym for an attacking enemy army. AT: "When enemy armies attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# pricking briars and painful thorns for the house of Israel from all those around her who despise her people + +Here the briars and thorns represent what would cause suffering and pain. AT: "people anywhere around the house of Israel who wound them like briars, hurt them like thorns, and despise them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/25.md b/ezk/28/25.md index 3f54dfcb33..497e1fce69 100644 --- a/ezk/28/25.md +++ b/ezk/28/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## ## +# the house of Israel -within her** - "in the land" \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# among whom they were scattered + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "among whom I scattered them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so the nations may see + +"in such a way as the nations will see it" + +# my servant Jacob + +Here "Jacob" represents the descendants of Jacob. AT: "the descendants of my servant Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# within her + +"in the land" + +# when I execute justice on all + +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated using the verb "judge." AT: "when I judge all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/intro.md b/ezk/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8b9c623ed5 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 28 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The prophecy against Tyre concludes in this chapter. Tyre will be destroyed because of its pride and unfair business practices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/01.md b/ezk/29/01.md index 3023012656..cfa3429e45 100644 --- a/ezk/29/01.md +++ b/ezk/29/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## the great sea creature ## +# In the tenth year -"the huge monster that lives in the water." Yahweh begins to compare Pharaoh with a monster that lives in the water. The monster is probably a crocodile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +It can be stated clearly that this was the tenth year of Jehoiachin's exile. AT: "In the tenth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the tenth month on the twelfth day of the month + +"on the twelfth day of the tenth month." This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twelfth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came + +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# set your face against Pharaoh + +This is a command to stare at Pharaoh as a symbol of punishing him and his people. Pharaoh was far away, so Ezekiel could not see him, but staring in his direction would be a symbol of harming him and his people. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/01.md). AT: "turn toward Pharaoh and stare" or "stare toward Pharaoh so that he and his people will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# prophesy against him and against all of Egypt + +"tell the terrible things that will happen to him and everyone in Egypt" + +# the great sea monster + +"the huge creature that lives in the water." Yahweh calls Pharaoh a monster that lives in the water. The monster is probably a crocodile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/04.md b/ezk/29/04.md index 4ad25fe1bb..67f69e087e 100644 --- a/ezk/29/04.md +++ b/ezk/29/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh, comparing him with a monster in the water. +# General Information: -## hooks ## +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh, speaking of him as though he were a monster in the water and the people of Egypt were fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -sharp and bent pieces of metal or wood that people used to catch fish and other animals in the water +# hooks -## scales ## +sharp and bent pieces of metal or wood that people use to catch fish and other animals in the water -hard pieces of skin that are on fish, crocodiles, and other animals \ No newline at end of file +# scales + +hard pieces of skin that are on fish, crocodiles, and other animals + +# you will not be gathered nor lifted up + +This can be stated in active form. The implication is that they would die in the wilderness. AT: "no one will gather you or pick you up" or "no one will gather your bodies and bury you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/06.md b/ezk/29/06.md index 05878f0853..c41222d965 100644 --- a/ezk/29/06.md +++ b/ezk/29/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. -## ## +# know that I am Yahweh -they have been a reed stalk** - Yahweh compares the people of Egypt and Pharaoh with a reed stalk because the people of Israel relied on the Egyptians to help them in war, but the Egyptians were not strong enough to help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## reed ## +# they have been a reed stalk + +The word "they" refers to the inhabitants of Egypt. A reed stalk is unreliable because it is easily broken. Yahweh speaks of them as a reed stalk because the people of Israel relied on the Egyptians to help them in war, but the Egyptians did not help them. AT: "they have been as unreliable as a reed stalk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# reed a plant that grows near water and looks like very large grass -## stalk ## +# stalk -the part of a reed that that is long and like a thick stick. People can use them like sticks, but the stalks of reeds are not as strong as wood and can break suddenly. +the part of a reed that is long and like a thick stick. People can use them like sticks, but the stalks of reeds are not as strong as wood and can break suddenly. -## took hold of you ## +# When they took hold of you in their hand -The word "you" refers to Pharaoh. +God speaks of Israel relying on Egypt as if they were taking hold of a reed stalk in order to use it as a crutch. AT: "When they relied on you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you shattered their legs and made their hip to shake ## +# When they took hold of you -"you injured their entire hip" \ No newline at end of file +The word "they" refers to the Israelites and the word "you" refers to Pharaoh or Pharaoh and Egypt. + +# you caused their legs to be unsteady + +Because Egypt did not help the Israelites, the Israelites could not defend themselves against their enemy, the Babylonians. God speaks of the Israelites being unable to defend themselves as if their legs were unsteady. AT: "you caused them to be like people whose legs are unsteady" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/08.md b/ezk/29/08.md index 1a80905d07..c2b01085ac 100644 --- a/ezk/29/08.md +++ b/ezk/29/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,47 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. -## Behold ## +# Behold! -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +"Look!" or "Listen!" This word adds emphasis to what is said next. This is the Lord's message to Pharaoh. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" -## a sword against you ## +# I will bring a sword against you -The word "you" is feminine singular and refers to the nation of Egypt. Nations were often thought as if they were individual women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) +Here "sword" is a metonym for battle, and "bring a sword against you" is a metaphor for causing an enemy army to come fight against Egypt. AT: "I will cause your enemies to come fight against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## against you ## +# a sword against you -The word "you" is masculine singular and refers Pharaoh. +The word "you" refers to the nation of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## From the Migdol to Syene ## +# I will cut off both man and beast from you -AT: "In all of Egypt" or "From the northern border of Egypt to the southern border of Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "cut off man and beast" is a metaphor for destroying the people and animals. God would do this by causing the enemy army to do it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am against you and against your river + +The word "you" refers to Pharaoh. God speaks to Pharaoh as if Pharaoh were a monster in the river. + +# I will give the land of Egypt over to desolation and waste + +"I will put Egypt into the power of desolation and waste." Desolation and waste are spoken of as if they were people who could be given power over Egypt. AT: "I will cause Egypt to become a desolate waste" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# you will become a wasteland + +Here "you" refers to Pharaoh and represents Egypt, the country he rules over. AT: "your country will become a wasteland" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the Migdol to Syene and the borders of Cush + +This refers to all of Egypt. Where these places are can be stated clearly. AT: "throughout all of Egypt, from Migdol in the north to Syene in the south and the borders of Cush further south" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Migdol + +This is the name of a place in the far northern part of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Syene + +This the name of a town in southern Egypt. It is now called Aswan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the borders of Cush + +These borders of Cush were south of Syene. Some versions say Sudan or Ethiopia, the modern names of countries south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/11.md b/ezk/29/11.md index c17e525a7f..881b13c4c6 100644 --- a/ezk/29/11.md +++ b/ezk/29/11.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. -## No beast’s foot will pass through it ## +# No man's foot will pass through it -"No animal will walk through it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "man's foot" represents people. AT: "No man will walk through the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# no wild animal's foot will pass through it + +Here "animal's foot" represents animals. AT: "not even a wild animal will walk through it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# For I will make the land of Egypt a desolation + +The abstract noun "desolation" can be expressed with the adjective "desolate." AT: "For I will make the land of Egypt desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will scatter Egypt among the nations + +Here "Egypt" represents the people of Egypt, and "scatter" represents causing them to move to other places. AT: "I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations" or "I will make the people of Egypt go and live among the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/13.md b/ezk/29/13.md index 7f6b3185a5..df648acb1b 100644 --- a/ezk/29/13.md +++ b/ezk/29/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. -## they were scattered ## +# I will gather Egypt -AT: "I scattered them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "Egypt" is a metonym for the people of Egypt, and "gather" is a metaphor for causing them to return to Egypt. AT: "I will cause the people of Egypt to return to Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will restore the fortunes of Egypt ## +# among whom they were scattered -"will give Egypt what it had lost" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "among whom I scattered them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the region of Pathros ## +# I will restore the fortunes of Egypt -the southern part of Egypt between the Delta and the land of Cush. This is also called Upper Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "fortunes of Egypt" is a metaphor for the people of Egypt who had been taken away to other countries. AT: "I will bring back the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the region of Pathros + +the southern part of Egypt between the Delta and the land of Cush. This is also called Upper Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a lowly kingdom + +Here "lowly" represents unimportant. AT: "an unimportant kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/15.md b/ezk/29/15.md index 21a526a525..5fa917b604 100644 --- a/ezk/29/15.md +++ b/ezk/29/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. -## The Egyptians will no longer be a reason for confidence for the house of Israel ## +# the lowliest of the kingdoms -"The nation of Israel will no longer trust in the Egyptians" +Here "lowliest" represents least important. AT: "the least important of the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## when they turned to Egypt for help ## +# it will not be lifted up any more among the nations -"whenever they went to Egypt for help" \ No newline at end of file +Here "be lifted up" represents becoming important. AT: "it will not become important again among the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will diminish them + +"I will make them small." Here "diminish them" represents making Egypt weak or unimportant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The Egyptians will no longer be a reason for confidence for the house of Israel + +The abstract noun "confidence" can be translated with the verbs "trust" or "rely on." AT: "The house of Israel will no longer trust in the Egyptians" or "The house of Israel will no longer rely on the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the house of Israel + +Here "house" represents the people of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel" or "the nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will be a reminder of the iniquity that Israel committed + +How Egypt would be a reminder can be stated clearly. The abstract nouns "reminder" and "iniquity" can be expressed with the verbs "remember" and "sin." AT: "when Israel sees what I do to Egypt, Israel will remember how Israel sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# when they turned to Egypt for help + +Here "turn ... for help" is a metonym for "ask ... for help." AT: "whenever they asked Egypt to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/17.md b/ezk/29/17.md index 4d935ec3c0..af9fbdf14e 100644 --- a/ezk/29/17.md +++ b/ezk/29/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,39 @@ -## the Word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# it came about -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Son of man ## +# in the twenty-seventh year -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +This was after King Jehoiachin and the people of Judah were taken as exiles to Babylon. AT: "in the twenty-seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# on the first of the first month + +"on the first day of the first month." This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the beginning of April. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came + +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# to do hard work against Tyre + +The kind of hard work they did can be stated clearly. AT: "to work hard at attacking Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Every head ... every shoulder + +This refers to the heads and shoulders of the Babylonian soldiers. + +# Every head was rubbed until it was made bald + +Either their helmets or the heavy things they carried on their heads rubbed the hair off their heads. + +# every shoulder was made raw + +Either their armor or the heavy things they carried on their shoulders rubbed the skin off their shoulders. AT: "every shoulder was rubbed raw" or "every shoulder was rubbed bare" + +# he and his army received no payment from Tyre + +Here "payment" represents the valuable things that Nebuchadnezzar's army would steal from Tyre as a reward for defeating it. God speaks of these things as if they were what God would pay them for working for him. AT: "he and his army did not get any valuable things from Tyre as reward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/19.md b/ezk/29/19.md index 695a63c7bb..516d059f04 100644 --- a/ezk/29/19.md +++ b/ezk/29/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Behold ## +# Behold! -This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” \ No newline at end of file +"Look!" or "Listen!" This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" + +# I am giving the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon + +Yahweh speaks of causing the army of Babylon to defeat Egypt as if God were giving Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar. AT: "I will cause the army of Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, to defeat Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that will be his army's wages + +God speaks of these things that Nebuchadnezzar's army would take as if they were what God would pay them for working for him. AT: "his army will receive those things as if they were payment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/21.md b/ezk/29/21.md index 8020b7dd7f..87b8ca1f88 100644 --- a/ezk/29/21.md +++ b/ezk/29/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I will make a horn sprout up for the house of Israel ## +# I will make a horn sprout up for the house of Israel -This phrase means "I will begin to restore the power of the house of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +An animal horn represents the animal's strength, so horn is a metonym for strength. God speaks of making Israel strong as if Israel were an animal, and he were to cause its horn to grow. AT: "I will make the people of Israel strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in their midst ## +# the house of Israel -"to them" \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Here it refers to the people of Israel, the descendants of Jacob whom God called Israel. AT: "the people of Israel" or "the nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# speak in their midst + +"speak to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/intro.md b/ezk/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b6053d9970 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a prophecy against Egypt and its king, Pharaoh. Because Egypt did not fulfill its promise of protecting Judah, it will be conquered by Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/01.md b/ezk/30/01.md index fd428c76c4..dd0e03d47e 100644 --- a/ezk/30/01.md +++ b/ezk/30/01.md @@ -1,41 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Ezekiel tells about a message that Yahweh gave him. -## the Word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# The word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Son of man ## +# Son of man -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## prophesy and say ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:8](../21/08.md). - -## thus says the Lord Yahweh ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). - -## Wail! ## +# Wail "Cry out with grief." This command is to Egypt and the nations around Egypt. -## Woe is the coming day ## +# Woe is the coming day -"That day is very frightening" or "Very bad things will happen on that day" +This exclamation expresses the fear that people would feel about a certain day when terrible and frightening things will happen. AT: "Oh that day" or "Oh, what a frightening day is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## The day is near ## +# The day is near -It was implied that "the day" was the time when the people would wail. Alternate translation: "It will soon be the day when you will wail." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"That day is soon" or "It will soon be that day" -## The day is near for Yahweh ## +# The day is near for Yahweh -It is implied that on that day, Yahweh will punish people. Alternate translation: "It will soon be the day when Yahweh will punish people." +It is implied that on that day, Yahweh will punish people. AT: "It will soon be the day when Yahweh will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## a day of clouds ## +# a day of clouds -Alternate translations: "It will be like a day with dark clouds" or "It will be frightening like a day with dark clouds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +Dark storm clouds represent danger and fear. AT: "It will be like a day with dark clouds" or "It will be frightening like a day with dark clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a time of doom for nations ## +# a time of doom for nations -Alternate translations: "a time when terrible things will happen to the nations" or "It will be a time when the people of the nations will suffer" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "doom" can be translated with the phrase "terrible things will happen." AT: "a time when terrible things will happen to the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/04.md b/ezk/30/04.md index 52ebfef3bf..053f529b5d 100644 --- a/ezk/30/04.md +++ b/ezk/30/04.md @@ -1,37 +1,47 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. -## Then a sword will come against Egypt ## +# Then a sword will come against Egypt -The word "sword" here refers to war or an attack. Alternate translations: "There will be war against Egypt" or "An enemy army will attack Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "sword" here represents war or an army that attacks. AT: "There will be war against Egypt" or "An enemy army will attack Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## there will be anguish in Cush ## +# there will be anguish in Cush -"Cush will be very sad" or "the people of Cush will be full of grief" +The abstract noun "anguish" can be expressed in terms of how the people feel. AT: "the people of Cush will be very sad" or "the people of Cush will suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## when the killed people fall in Egypt ## +# when the killed people fall in Egypt -"when many people in Egypt are killed" or "when many people in Egypt die in the war." +Possible meanings are that 1) "fall" is a euphemism for dying. AT: "when people in Egypt die in war" or 2) "fall" refers to their bodies falling and lying on the ground. AT: "when people in Egypt die in war and lie fallen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## when they take her wealth ## +# when they take her wealth -"The attackers will take away the wealth of Egypt" +"when the attackers take away the wealth of Egypt" -## when her foundations are ruined ## +# when her foundations are ruined -"The attackers will even ruin the foundations of the buildings in Egypt" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "when the attackers destroy the foundations of the buildings in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Libya ## +# Cush and Put, Lydia and all Arabia, and Libya -Libya is a country west of Egypt. Ezekiel called this region Put. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These names refer to the people of these countries. AT: "The people of Cush and Put, Libya, and all Arabia, and Lydia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Lydia ## +# Libya -This probably refers to the kingdom of Lydia which was in what is now Turkey. Ezekiel called this region Lud. +Libya is a country west of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the people belonging to the covenant ## +# Lydia -Possible meanings are 1) "the Jews who live in Egypt" or 2) "the other people in the lands of Egypt's allies." It is unclear whether "the covenant" refers to the agreement that Yahweh made with the Israelites or to an agreement that Egypt made with other people groups. +This probably refers to the kingdom of Lydia which was in what is now Turkey. -## will all fall by the sword ## +# the people belonging to the covenant -"will all die in battle" or "will all die in the war." This does not mean that every single person will die, but that many people from all of these countries will die. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the "covenant" refers to the agreement that Yahweh made with the Israelites. AT: "the Jews who live in Egypt" or 2) the "covenant" refers to an agreement that Egypt made with other nations. AT: "the people of the nations that had a covenant with Egypt" or "Egypt's allies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will all fall by the sword + +Here the sword represents battle. AT: "will all die in battle" or "will all die in the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will all fall by the sword + +The word "all" here is a generalization. It means that many people will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/06.md b/ezk/30/06.md index e3782714f2..88559921fc 100644 --- a/ezk/30/06.md +++ b/ezk/30/06.md @@ -1,39 +1,43 @@ -## Yahweh says this ## +# Yahweh says this "This is what Yahweh says." This sentence introduces what the Lord would say. -## So the ones ## +# So the ones "In this way, the peoples" or "In this manner, the nations" -## who support Egypt ## +# who support Egypt "who help Egypt" -## will fall ## +# will fall "will die" or "come to ruin" -## the pride of her strength will go down ## +# the pride of her strength will go down -"the strength of Egypt, which made it proud, will be gone" or "the strength that made Egypt proud will come to ruin" +This represents Egypt no longer being proud of their strength. The reason that they will not be proud is that they will no longer be strong. AT: "Egypt will no longer be proud about being strong" or "Egypt will no longer have the strength that they were so proud of" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## From Migdol to Syene ## +# From Migdol to Syene -Ezekiel names towns on the borders of Egypt in order to refer to all of Egypt. Alternate translation: "In all of Egypt" or "From the northern border of Egypt to the southern border of Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Ezekiel names towns on the borders of Egypt in order to refer to all of Egypt. AT: "In all of Egypt" or "From the northern border of Egypt to the southern border of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## their soldiers will fall by the sword ## +# their soldiers will fall by the sword -"Egypt's soldiers will die by the sword." Alternate translation: "the attacking army will kill the soldiers of Egypt in battle." +Here "fall" represents dying, and "the sword" represents battle. AT: "Egypt's soldiers will die in battle" or "an attacking army will kill Egypt's soldiers in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## So they will be appalled in the midst of the abandoned lands ## +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# They will be appalled in the midst of the abandoned lands "The soldiers of the allies of Egypt will be appalled when they are left surrounded by nothing but abandoned lands" -## in the midst of ## +# in the midst of "among" or "surrounded by" -## their cities will be among all the ruined cities ## +# their cities will be among all the ruined cities -"their cities will be surrounded by ruined cities in nearby nations" \ No newline at end of file +Being "among" the ruined cities represents being ruined like the ruined cities of other countries. AT: "their cities will be ruined like the cities of other countries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/08.md b/ezk/30/08.md index 5d5aac91de..46c12d6b1d 100644 --- a/ezk/30/08.md +++ b/ezk/30/08.md @@ -1,37 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. -## Then they ## +# Then they Possible meanings are 1) "Then people" or 2) "Then the Egyptians." -## will know that I am Yahweh ## +# they will know that I am Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). +Yahweh is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated as similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "they will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "they will realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## when I set fire in Egypt ## +# when I set fire in Egypt -Fire refers to the fires that often occurs in war. Alternate translation: "when I destroy Egypt with fire" or "when I send an attacking army to burn Egypt with fire." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "set fire in Egypt" represents sending an army to attack Egypt and set fires. AT: "when I send an army to burn Egypt with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## all of her helpers are destroyed ## +# all of her helpers are destroyed -Alternate translation: "I destroy all of the allies of Egypt" or "I break all those who help Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I destroy all of the allies of Egypt" or "when armies destroy all of those who help Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## messengers will go out from before me in ships ## +# messengers will go out from before me in ships to terrorize a secure Cush -"I will send out people in ships to do what I want them to do" or "I will send out people in ships to give my message to Cush." Yahweh will send people to destroy Cush so that the people of Cush will understand his message that only Yahweh is God. +Messengers will bring the news of Egypt's destruction to Cush, who will be frightened by the news. -## to terrorize a secure Cush ## +# to terrorize a secure Cush -Alternate translation: "so that they will make Cush afraid, even though Cush thinks that it is safe from danger." +"in order to frighten Cush, who now feels safe from danger" -## there will be anguish among them in the day of Egypt's doom ## +# there will be anguish among them on the day of Egypt's doom -"the people of Cush will also have great pain when I punish Egypt" +The abstract noun "anguish" and "doom" can be translated with the words "suffer" and "punish." AT: "the people of Cush will also suffer when I punish Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Behold ## +# behold! -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as “Indeed.” +The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as "indeed!" -## It is coming ## +# It is coming "It" refers to the "great pain" or "great sorrow" that Cush will have when they are punished along with Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/10.md b/ezk/30/10.md index c3a37abf2b..e6cfc279aa 100644 --- a/ezk/30/10.md +++ b/ezk/30/10.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## The Lord Yahweh says this ## +# The Lord Yahweh says this -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +The word "this" refers to what follows. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). -## I will make an end to the multitudes of Egypt ## +# I will make an end of the multitudes of Egypt -Alternate translation: "I will make it so that Egypt will no longer have many people." +"I will make it so that Egypt will no longer have many people." -## by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar ## +# by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar -Nebuchadnezzar will be the one who brings this punishment about. +Here "the hand" represents Nebuchadnezzar's military power. Nebuchadnezzar will be the one who brings this punishment about. -## He and his army with him, the terror of nations ## +# He and his army with him ... will be brought to destroy the land -Alternate translation: "I will bring Nebuchadnezzar and his army, whom the nations are afraid of." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will bring Nebuchadnezzar and his army ... to destroy the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to destroy the land ## +# He and his army ... will be brought to destroy the land -"so they will destroy the land." Yahweh will bring Nebuchadnezzar and his people so that they will destroy the land. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will cause him and his army ... to go destroy the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## draw out their swords against Egypt ## +# He and his army with him, the terror of nations -"fight against Egypt" +Yahweh calls Nebuchadnezzar "the terror of the nations" because all of the nations are greatly afraid of his army. AT: "He and his army with him, the one who terrifies many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## fill the land with dead people ## +# they will draw out their swords against Egypt -This is an exaggeration to show that the Babylonians will kill very many Egyptians. There will be so many dead Egyptians that it will seem that their dead bodies cover all of the land of Egypt. Alternate translation: "they will kill so many people that it will seem like their dead bodies are everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]). \ No newline at end of file +Here "draw out their swords" represents fighting with their swords. AT: "they will use their swords and fight against Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fill the land with dead people + +This is an exaggeration to show that the Babylonians will kill very many Egyptians. There will be so many dead Egyptians that it will seem that their dead bodies cover all of the land of Egypt. AT: "they will kill so many people that it will seem like their dead bodies are everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/12.md b/ezk/30/12.md index 9efaf6bd1b..4777d478ee 100644 --- a/ezk/30/12.md +++ b/ezk/30/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. -## I will make the rivers into dry ground ## +# I will make the rivers into dry ground -"I will dry up the rivers of Egypt" +"I will dry up the rivers of Egypt" -## I will sell the land into the hand of wicked men ## +# I will sell the land into the hand of wicked men -Yahweh will give the Babylonians control over Egypt just as a person who sells something gives the one who buys it control over that thing. Alternate translation: "I will give control of the land to wicked men." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh will give the Babylonians control over Egypt just as a person who sells something gives the one who buys it control over that thing. AT: "I will give control of the land to wicked men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will make the land and its fullness desolate by the hand of strangers ## +# I will make the land and its fullness desolate by the hand of strangers -"I will cause people from another nation to destroy the land and everything in it" +Here "hand of strangers" represents the actions of strangers. "I will cause people from another nation to destroy the land and everything in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## its fullness ## +# its fullness "everything in the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/13.md b/ezk/30/13.md index 9bbfb65d4c..06991ffb1b 100644 --- a/ezk/30/13.md +++ b/ezk/30/13.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## The Lord Yahweh says this ## +# The Lord Yahweh says this -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +The word "this" refers to what follows. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). -## bring an end to the worthless idols ## +# I will bring an end to the worthless idols -"destroy the useless idols" +"I will destroy the worthless idols" -## Memphis ## +# Memphis Memphis was a very important city in Egypt. It was near modern-day Cairo. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## a prince in the land of Egypt ## +# a prince in the land of Egypt "an important ruler in the land of Egypt" -## I will put terror on the land of Egypt ## +# I will put terror on the land of Egypt -"I will make the people of Egypt very afraid" +Here "put terror on the land" represents causing the people of the land to be very afraid. AT: "I will make the people of Egypt very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Pathros ## +# Pathros This was a region in southern Egypt. -## set fire in Zoan ## +# set fire in Zoan "I will burn Zoan with fire" -## Zoan ## +# Zoan Zoan was another important city in Egypt. -## Thebes ## +# I will execute acts of judgment on Thebes + +The phrase "acts of judgment" refers to punishment. AT: "I will punish Thebes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Thebes This was the capital city of southern Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/15.md b/ezk/30/15.md index c7201e43c0..ca44c0beb6 100644 --- a/ezk/30/15.md +++ b/ezk/30/15.md @@ -1,37 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. -## For I will pour out my fury on Pelusium ## +# For I will pour out my fury on Pelusium -"For I will act in anger against Pelusium" or "Because I am so angry, I will punish Pelusium severely" +Here "pour out my fury" represents punishing the people because of his great anger. AT: "For I will act in great anger against Pelusium" or "Because I am so angry, I will punish Pelusium severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Pelusium ## +# Pelusium -This was an important city in northern Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Pelusium is the name of a fortress in northern Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## cut off the multitude of Thebes ## +# cut off the multitude of Thebes -"kill the very large number of people in Thebes" +Here "cut off" represents killing the people. AT: "kill the very large number of people in Thebes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Thebes ## +# Thebes -See how you translated the name of this city in [Ezekiel 30:13](./13.md). +This was the capital city of southern Egypt. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:14](./13.md). -## Then I will set fire in Egypt ## +# Then I will set fire in Egypt -"I will burn Egypt with fire" +Here "set fire" is an idiom meaning "start a fire." AT: "I will start a fire in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## will be in severe agony ## +# Pelusium will be in great agony -"will be in great pain" or "will feel great pain" +Here "Pelusium" is a metonym for the people of the city near Pelusium, and "be in great agony" can be translated with the verb "suffer." AT: "The people of Pelusium will suffer terribly" or "The people of Pelusium will feel terrible pain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Thebes will be broken up ## +# Thebes will be broken up -"Thebes will be destroyed." Alternate translation: "Enemies will conquer Thebes." (See: ULB and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "enemies will break up the walls and buildings in Thebes" or "enemies will destroy the Thebes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Memphis ## +# Memphis will face enemies every day -See how you translated the name of this city in [Ezekiel 30:13](./13.md). +Here "face enemies" represents seeing or having enemies. The name of the city is a metonym for the people who live in the city. AT: "The people of Memphis will have enemies every day" or "Enemies will fight against the people of Memphis every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Memphis will have enemies every day ## +# Memphis -Alternate translation: "The people of Memphis will be worried every day" \ No newline at end of file +Memphis was a very important city in Egypt. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 30:13](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/17.md b/ezk/30/17.md index 2d884261de..cd3fc89f8a 100644 --- a/ezk/30/17.md +++ b/ezk/30/17.md @@ -1,49 +1,47 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. -## Heliopolis and Bubastis ## +# Heliopolis and Bubastis These were cities in northern Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## will fall by the sword ## +# will fall by the sword -The word "sword" is used here to refer to a battle or war. Alternate translation: "will die in battle" or "will die in the war." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "sword" is used here to refer to a battle or war. AT: "will die in battle" or "will die in the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## their cities will go into captivity ## +# their cities will go into captivity -"the people of their cities will become captives" or "the people will be taken away as prisoners." +Here "cities" represents the people of the cities. The abstract noun "captivity" can be expressed with the more concrete noun "captive" or the verb "capture" AT: "the people of their cities will become captives" or "their enemies will capture their people and take them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Tahpanhes ## +# Tahpanhes This was an important city in northern Egypt. -## the day will hold back its light ## +# the day will hold back its light -"the day will be dark." This implies that it will be a very scary time. Alternate translations: "It will be as if there is no light that day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The day is spoken of as if it were able to keep its own light from shining. AT: "the day will be dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## when I break the yoke of Egypt there ## +# when I break the yoke of Egypt there -The word "yoke" here refers to Egypt's power to oppress people. Alternate translation: "when I stop Egypt from oppressing people" or "when I end Egypt's power to cruelly control other nations." +The word "yoke" here refers to Egypt's power to oppress people. AT: "when I stop Egypt from oppressing people" or "when I end Egypt's power to cruelly control other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the pride of her strength will be finished ## +# the pride of her strength will be finished -"Egypt will not be proud of being strong anymore" or "that country will no longer be proud of being strong" (UDB) +This represents Egypt no longer being proud of their strength. The reason that they will not be proud is that they will no longer be strong. AT: "Egypt will no longer be proud about being strong" or "Egypt will no longer have the strength that they were so proud of" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## There will be a cloud covering her ## +# There will be a cloud covering her -"A cloud will be over Egypt" or "It will be as if there is a cloud over Egypt." Possible meanings are 1) the dark cloud represents how sad the people of Egypt will feel, or 2) there will be a cloud of dust over Egypt from everything that is destroyed. +Possible meanings are 1) the dark cloud represents how sad the people of Egypt will feel. AT: "It will be as if there is a cloud over Egypt" or 2) there will be a cloud of dust over Egypt from everything that is destroyed. AT: "A cloud of dust will be over Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## her daughters ## +# her daughters Possible meanings are 1) the people of the Egyptian towns or 2) the daughters of the Egyptian people -## I will execute acts of judgment in Egypt ## +# I will execute acts of judgment in Egypt -"I will punish Egypt in many ways" +The phrase "acts of judgment" refers to punishment. AT: "I will punish Egypt in many ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## so they ## +# so they -"so the Egyptians" - -## will know that I am Yahweh ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +"so the Egyptians" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/20.md b/ezk/30/20.md index f50c2580b3..982c148447 100644 --- a/ezk/30/20.md +++ b/ezk/30/20.md @@ -1,39 +1,39 @@ -## Then it came about ## +# General Information: -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +God speaks of making Pharaoh's army weak as if he were to break Pharaoh's arm, and of the army not being able to become strong again as if Pharaoh's arm could not be healed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## in the eleventh year ## +# Then it came about -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:1](../26/01.md). +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## in the first month ## +# in the eleventh year -"in the first month of that year" +This is the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:1](../26/01.md). -## the word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# in the first month, in the seventh day of the month -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +"in the seventh day of the first month." This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The seventh day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Son of man ## +# the word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## verses 21 to 26 ## +# Son of man -This is a parable that has a lot of metaphors. In the parable, "arm" represents the power of a king. The word "sword" represents the power of a king in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## Behold ## +# I have broken the arm of Pharaoh -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +Here "arm" represents the powerful army of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## It is not bound up and able to receive medicine ## +# Behold -"His arm is not wrapped up and it does not have medicine on so it can heal" +"Look" or "Listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## bandage ## +# It has not been bound up -a soft piece of cloth that people put on wounds so that they will heal +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one has bound up his arm" or "No one has wrapped up his arm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## so it will be not be strong enough to grasp a sword ## +# or set to heal with a bandage -"so his arm will not be strong enough to use a sword" \ No newline at end of file +Here "set to heal with a bandage" refers to the arm being wrapped tightly in a bandage so that the parts of the bone will stay together and heal. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/22.md b/ezk/30/22.md index 3cf26ee77c..3a99c835bc 100644 --- a/ezk/30/22.md +++ b/ezk/30/22.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## the Lord Yahweh says this ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:10](../03/10.md). +God continues speaking of Pharaoh's army as if it were a broken arm. He also speaks of strengthening the army of Babylon as if it were the arms of the king of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## both the strong one and the broken one ## +# the Lord Yahweh says this + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:11](../03/10.md). + +# both the strong one and the broken one "both the arm that is healthy and the arm that is already broken" -## I will make the sword fall from his hand ## +# I will make the sword fall from his hand -"I will knock the sword out of the Pharaoh's hand" +"I will knock the sword out of Pharaoh's hand" -## Then I will scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them among the lands ## +# scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them among the lands -This says the same thing in two different ways to emphasize that Yahweh will punish the Egyptians very badly. Alternate translation: "Then I will certainly make the Egyptians leave Egypt and go to other countries." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated similar phrases in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## lands ## +# lands "countries" -## I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon ## +# I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon "I will make the arms of the king of Babylon strong" -## He will groan before the king of Babylon ## +# He will groan before the king of Babylon -When the king of Babylon comes to attack Egypt, Pharaoh will groan. +"When the king of Babylon comes to attack Egypt, Pharaoh will groan." -## groan ## +# groan -A groan is a loud noise that people make when they have a lot of pain or are dying. +A groan is a noise that people make when they have a lot of pain or are dying. -## with the groans of a dying man ## +# with the groans of a dying man "as a man who is dying groans" or "like a man who is dying" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/25.md b/ezk/30/25.md index 3c803f1a53..ecaa61dacb 100644 --- a/ezk/30/25.md +++ b/ezk/30/25.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## For I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon ## +# General Information: -"I will make the arms of the king of Babylon strong." +God continues speaking of the armies of Egypt and Babylon as if the armies were the arms of their kings. He also speaks of making the army of Babylon strong to attack others as if he had a sword and put it in the Babylonian king's hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## while Pharaoh's arms will fall ## +# For I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon -"but Pharaoh will not be able to use his arms" or "Pharaoh's arms will be so weak that he cannot use them" +Here "arms" are a metonym for the army. AT: "I will make the army of the king of Babylon strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Then they ## +# while Pharaoh's arms will fall + +Here "Pharaoh's arms" is a metonym for his army, and "will fall" represents being weak. AT: "but Pharaoh's army will be unable to defeat enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then they The word "they" possibly refers to 1) "the Egyptians" or 2) "all people who hear what Yahweh has done." -## know that I am Yahweh ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). - -## for he will attack the land of Egypt with it ## +# for he will attack the land of Egypt with it "and the king of Babylon will attack the land of Egypt with my sword" -## I will scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them among the lands ## +# scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them through the lands -See how are you translated this in [Ezekiel 30:22](./22.md). \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated similar phrases in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/intro.md b/ezk/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..df2f832bbc --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 30 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The prophecy against Egypt and its king continues in this chapter. Babylon will destroy all the towns of Egypt and their allies will not be able to help them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/01.md b/ezk/31/01.md index dbf2dfe814..6a098f3156 100644 --- a/ezk/31/01.md +++ b/ezk/31/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## it came about ## +# it came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## in the eleventh year ## +# in the eleventh year -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:1](../26/01.md). +"in year 11." This means the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:1](../26/01.md). AT: "in the eleventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# in the third month, on the first day of the month -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +"on the first day of the third month." This is the third month of the Hebrew calendar. This first day is near the beginning of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Son of man ## +# the word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## In your greatness, who are you like? ## +# Son of man -"Who is as great as you are?" Yahweh uses this question to introduce a new topic. Pharaoh thought that his nation was the greatest, but God is about to talk about another great nation. AT: "You think that there is no country whose power is as great as the power of your country." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" + +# In your greatness, who are you like? + +"Who is as great as you are?" Yahweh uses this question to introduce a new topic. Pharaoh thought that his nation was the greatest, but God is about to talk about another great nation. AT: "You think that there is no country whose power is as great as the power of your country." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/03.md b/ezk/31/03.md index 5a4bb2cf65..5db134e4b7 100644 --- a/ezk/31/03.md +++ b/ezk/31/03.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + These are God's words to Pharaoh about Assyria. God gives his message in the form of a parable about a great cedar tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## Behold ## +# Behold! -This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" -## a forested canopy ## +# Assyria was a cedar -Possible meanings are: 1) "with so many branches that it provided good shade" or 2) "that provided shade for the other trees in the forest." +In this parable, God speaks about Assyria as if it were a great tree to emphasize how great and powerful the Assyrians were. This parable continues until 31:9. AT: "Assyria was like a cedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## and great height ## +# the branches formed its treetop -"and very tall" +"its top was above the branches of the other trees." Some versions of the Bible translate this as "the top of the tree was in the clouds." -## And its tree top was above the branches ## - -Possible meanings are 1) "Its top was above the branches of the other trees" or 2) "The top of the tree was in the clouds." - -## many waters made it tall ## +# Many waters made it tall "Because the cedar had a lot of water, it grew very tall" -## the deep waters made it huge ## +# the deep waters made it huge "the water deep in the ground made the cedar grow very big" -## for their channels stretched out to all the trees in the field ## +# for their channels stretched out to all the trees in the field -"and streams flowed from the rivers to all the trees of the field." \ No newline at end of file +"and streams flowed from the rivers to all the trees of the field" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/05.md b/ezk/31/05.md index ce66af38d7..bc5e03b773 100644 --- a/ezk/31/05.md +++ b/ezk/31/05.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -## Its great height was more than any of the other trees in the field ## +# Its great height was more than any of the other trees in the field "The cedar was taller than any of the other trees of the field" -## its branches became very many ## +# its branches became very many "it grew very many branches" -## because of many waters as they grew ## +# because of many waters as they grew "because it had a lot of water" -## Every bird of the heavens nested in its branches ## +# Every bird of the heavens nested in its branches -"All kinds of birds that fly in the sky made nests in its branches" +"All kinds of birds that fly in the sky made nests in its branches" -## while every living thing of the field gave birth to its young under its foliage ## +# while every living thing of the field gave birth to its young under its foliage "and all of the creatures that live in the field gave birth under the cedar's branches" -## All of the many nations lived under its shade ## +# All of the many nations lived under its shade -"all of the powerful nations lived in its shade" or "all of the great nations lived in the shade of that tree" (UDB) +"All of the great nations lived in the shade of that tree." Here "nations" represents the people who live there. AT: "The people from all the nations lived in the shade of that tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## It was beautiful in its greatness and the length of its branches ## +# it was beautiful in its greatness and the length of its branches "It was beautiful because it was very big and its branches were very long" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/08.md b/ezk/31/08.md index 4e428ba11c..b8875662e7 100644 --- a/ezk/31/08.md +++ b/ezk/31/08.md @@ -1,37 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -## Cedars in the garden of God could not equal it ## +# Cedars in the garden of God could not equal it -Since these were God's words to Pharaoh, it can also be translated as "The cedar trees in my garden were not as great as that tree." +Since these were God's words to Pharaoh, it can also be translated with the first person. AT: "The cedar trees in my garden were not as great as that tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## the garden of God ## +# the garden of God This is another way of referring to "the garden of Eden." -## None among the fir trees matched its branches ## +# None among the cypress trees matched its branches -Yahweh was comparing how many branches the trees had. Alternate translation: "None of the fir trees had as many branches as the cedar." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Yahweh was comparing how many branches the trees had. AT: "None of the cypress trees had as many branches as the cedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## fir trees ## +# cypress trees -Fir trees have have very many branches. Their leave are short green needles instead of flat broad leaves. They can grow very tall. +Cypress trees have very many branches. They can grow very tall. See how you translated "cypress" in [Ezekiel 27:5](../27/04.md). -## and plane trees could not equal its boughs ## +# the plane tree could not equal its boughs -This could be translated as "and plane trees did not have branches like the cedar tree." It was implied Yahweh was comparing the long branches of the cedar tree with the long branches of plane trees. Alternate translation: "and none of the plane trees had branches as long as the branches of the cedar tree." +It was implied Yahweh was comparing the long branches of the cedar tree with the long branches of the plane tree. AT: "the plane tree did not have branches like the cedar tree" or "no plane tree had branches as long as the branches of the cedar tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## plane trees ## +# plane tree -Plane trees are large, leafy trees with strong branches. They are similar to sycamore trees. +A plane tree was a large, leafy tree with strong branches. It is similar to a sycamore tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## could equal it in beauty ## +# was like it in its beauty "was as beautiful as the cedar tree" -## I made it beautiful with its many branches ## +# I made it beautiful with its many branches -"I made the cedar beautiful by giving it many long branches." +"I made the cedar beautiful by giving it many long branches" -## envied it ## +# envied it "were jealous of the cedar tree" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/10.md b/ezk/31/10.md index 74184a7857..89296b1de3 100644 --- a/ezk/31/10.md +++ b/ezk/31/10.md @@ -1,33 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -## thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# Therefore the Lord Yahweh says this -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:10](../03/10.md). +Since Yahweh is speaking this can be stated in first person. AT: "Therefore, this is what I, Yahweh the Lord, say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## he raised the top of his tree above the branches ## +# it set its treetop between its branches -Possible meanings are 1) “he raised his top above the branches of the other trees” or 2) “he raised the top of his tree into the clouds.” See how you translated a similar sentence in [Ezekiel 31:3](./03.md) +"its top was above the branches of the other trees." Some versions of the Bible translate this as "the top of the tree was in the clouds." -## he raise the top of his tree ## +# I have given it into the hand of a mighty one of the nations -This passage continues to refer to the king of Assyria, who was represented by the cedar tree. +The word "hand" represents control. AT: "I put it in the power of the strongest nation" or "I gave the strongest nation power over it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and his heart was lifted up ## +# I have thrown it out -"he was very proud." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## to that height ## - -"because it was so tall" (UDB) - -## I therefore grasped him by the hand of the mightiest ruler ## - -"I put him in the hand of the strongest nation." The word "hand" represents power. "I gave the strongest nation power over him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## This ruler acted against him ## - -"This nation did bad things to the cedar" - -## and drove him away because of his wickedness ## - -"and sent the cedar away from the cedar's land because the cedar was wicked" \ No newline at end of file +"I sent the cedar away from the cedar's land because the cedar was wicked" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/12.md b/ezk/31/12.md index c4c35afaab..51a2729bcd 100644 --- a/ezk/31/12.md +++ b/ezk/31/12.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -## who were the terror of all the nations ## +# who were the terror of all the nations -"who made all the nations afraid" +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "afraid." And here "nations" represents the people of the nations. AT: "who made the people of all the nations afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## cut him off ## +# cut it off "cut the cedar down" -## then abandoned him ## +# its boughs lay broken -"left the cedar all by himself" +"the foreigners broke the boughs of the cedar" -## and his boughs were broken ## - -"and the foreigners broke the boughs of the cedar" - -## boughs ## +# boughs Boughs are very large branches that grow on trees. Usually, many smaller branches grow on the boughs. -## went out from his shade ## +# came out from under its shade -"left the shade of the cedar" - -## and left him ## - -"left the cedar all by himself" \ No newline at end of file +"left the shade of the cedar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/13.md b/ezk/31/13.md index 4d441d9247..c99f8aeec3 100644 --- a/ezk/31/13.md +++ b/ezk/31/13.md @@ -1,41 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -## All the birds of the heavens ## +# All the birds of the sky "All the birds that fly in the sky" -## rested on its trunk ## +# rested on the trunk of the fallen tree -This can be translated as "lived on the remains of the cedar" or "lived on the dead wood from the cedar that was laying on the ground" +"rested on the remains of the cedar" -## trunk ## +# trunk The trunk is a very thick part of the tree that comes out of the ground and holds up the rest of the tree. -## the beasts of the field sat on its branches ## +# every animal of the field came to its branches "the wild animals lived in the branches of the cedar" -## watered trees ## +# that no other trees that grow by the waters -"trees that get a lot of water" +"that no other trees that get a lot of water" -## would not raise their tree tops above the foliage ## +# will lift up their foliage to the height of the tallest trees -Possible meanings are 1) "would not grow taller than the branches of other trees" or 2) "would not put their tops in the clouds." +"will grow taller than the branches of other trees." Some Bibles translate this as "will set their tops among the clouds." -## for no other tree that drank up water would ever again grow that tall ## +# that no other trees that grow beside the waters will reach up to that height -"and no other trees that get a lot of water will ever grow that tall again" +"that no other trees that get a lot of water will ever grow that tall again" -## For they were all handed over to death ## +# All of them have been assigned to death, to the earth below -"For I gave them all over to death" or "For I made it so that they all will die." Yahweh is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. And the abstract noun "death" can be stated "die." AT: "For I made it so that they all will die and go deep under the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## down to the lowest part of the earth ## +# among the children of humanity, with those that go down to the pit -"and I made it so that they all will go deep under the ground." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +"to be with those people who have died and gone down to the grave" -## in the midst of the people of mankind who go down the pit ## +# the pit -"to be with those people who have died and gone down to the grave" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:20](../26/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/15.md b/ezk/31/15.md index 9fac8be261..95fd529aeb 100644 --- a/ezk/31/15.md +++ b/ezk/31/15.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. +# General Information: -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. Here, Yahweh speaks about the great sadness caused by the tree being cut down as if even the waters, Lebanon, and the wild trees all mourned for the cedar. -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:10](../03/10.md). +# On the day when the cedar went down to Sheol -## On the day when he went down to Sheol ## +The phrase "went down to Sheol" means "died." AT: "On the day that the cedar died" or "On the day that the cedar was chopped down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -The phrase "went down to Sheol" means "died." Alternate translation: "On the day that the cedar died" or "On the day that the cedar was chopped down." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# I brought mourning to the earth -## I brought mourning to the earth ## +The abstract noun "mourning" can be stated as a verb. AT: "I caused the earth to mourn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"I caused the earth to mourn." It was as though Yahweh made the waters, Lebanon, and the wild trees all mourn for the cedar. +# I covered the deep waters over it -## I covered the deep waters for him ## +The word "covered" possibly refers to putting on clothes for mourning. AT: "I made the water from the springs mourn for the cedar" or "it was as though the springs that watered it mourned for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"I covered the water from the springs for the cedar." The word "covered" possibly refers to putting on cloths for mourning. Alternate translation: "I made the water from the springs mourn for the cedar" or "it was as though the springs that watered it mourned for it." (UDB) - -## I held back the ocean waters ## +# I held back the ocean waters "I kept the water in the ocean from watering the earth" -## I kept back the great waters ## +# I kept back the great waters "I made it so that there would not be a lot of water anymore" -## and I brought mourning to Lebanon for him ## +# I brought mourning to Lebanon for him -"and I made Lebanon mourn for the cedar" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "mourning" can be stated as a verb. AT: "I made Lebanon mourn for the cedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/16.md b/ezk/31/16.md index c406102ce0..95adc33ab4 100644 --- a/ezk/31/16.md +++ b/ezk/31/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -## when I threw him down to Sheol ## +# when I threw it down to Sheol with those who went down into the pit -"When I threw that tree down to Sheol." This phrase means, "when I killed the cedar." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "threw it down to Sheol" is an idiom that means to kill. "The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:14](./13.md). AT: "when I killed the cedar and it went to Sheol with everyone else that is dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). -## with those who went down into the pit ## +# in the lowest parts of the earth -"with everyone else who had died and gone into the ground" +"that were already deep down in the ground." This is an idiom. AT: "that had already died and are now in Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## in the lowest parts of the earth ## +# the choicest and best trees of Lebanon; the trees that drank the waters -"that were already deep down in the ground". This phrase means "that had already died." +"the best trees of Lebanon that everyone would want; trees that got a lot of water." This is describing the trees of Eden that were in the lowest parts of the earth. -## The choicest and best trees of Lebanon, the trees that drink the waters ## +# the choicest -"the best trees of Lebanon that everyone would want, trees that got a lot of water." These are the trees of Eden that were in the lowest parts of the earth. - -## the choicest ## - -"The choicest" is something that everyone would want because it is very good. \ No newline at end of file +This is something that everyone would want because it is very good. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/17.md b/ezk/31/17.md index ae77b2527c..b4c2e075c2 100644 --- a/ezk/31/17.md +++ b/ezk/31/17.md @@ -1,37 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. -## they also went down with him to Sheol ## +# they also went down with it to Sheol -"Those trees of Lebanon also died and went down to Sheol with the cedar" +Here "went down ... to Sheol" is an idiom that means to die. AT: "those trees of Lebanon also died and went down to Sheol with the cedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## who had been killed by the sword ## +# who had been killed by the sword -AT: "whom enemies had killed with swords" or "who had died in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] ) +Here "sword" represents enemies who fought them in battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom enemies had killed with swords" or "who had died in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## These were his strong arm ## +# These were its strong arm -"These trees of Lebanon were its strong arm." The phrase "strong arm" means "power." AT: "These trees of Lebanon were the power of the cedar" or "These trees strengthened the cedar." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"These trees of Lebanon were its strong arm." The phrase "strong arm" represents "power." AT: "These trees of Lebanon were the power of the cedar" or "These trees strengthened the cedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Which of these trees in Eden was your equal in glory and greatness? ## +# Which of the trees in Eden was your equal in glory and greatness? -"Which of these trees in Eden had as much glory as you and was as great as you?" God asks Pharaoh this question to show him that the parable applies to him and his country. It can start with "So Pharaoh" or "So Egypt." (See" [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"Which of these trees in Eden had as much glory as you and was as great as you?" God asks Pharaoh this question to show him that the parable applies to him and his country. It can start with "So Pharaoh" or "So Egypt." AT: "None of the trees in Eden was your equal in glory and greatness!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## For you will be brought down ## +# For you will be brought down -AT: "For I will bring you down" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For I will bring you down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## with the trees of Eden ## +# with the trees of Eden -AT: "like the other trees of Eden" +"like the other trees of Eden" -## to the lowest parts of the earth ## +# to the lowest parts of the earth "to a place deep in the ground" -## among the uncircumcised ## +# among the uncircumcised -AT: "where you will be with people who are not circumcised" +"where you will be with people who are not circumcised" -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/intro.md b/ezk/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ea0752dc54 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 31 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The prophecy against Egypt and its king continues in this chapter. God told Egypt to remember what happened to Assyria when it became proud. This same things will now happen to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/01.md b/ezk/32/01.md index 9cecf7c8b0..1ee8784db1 100644 --- a/ezk/32/01.md +++ b/ezk/32/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## Then it happened ## +# Then it happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## in the twelfth month of the twelfth year ## +# in the twelfth month ... on the first of the month -Possible meanings are 1) This happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took the Israelites to Babylon or 2) this happened in twelfth year after the Babylonians took Jehoiachin to Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This is the twelfth and final month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the end of February. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## the word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# of the twelfth year -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +This refers to the twelfth year of the reign of King Jehoiachin. AT: "of the twelfth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Son of man ## +# the word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## You are like a young lion ... like a monster in the seas ## +# Son of man -Possible meanings are 1) He was like a lion and a monster or 2) he thought he was like a lion, but he was really only a monster. +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## a lion among the nations ## +# lift up -He was stronger than others. +"sing" -## like a monster in the seas ## +# You are like a young lion ... like a monster in the seas -Possible meanings are that 1) he was powerful or 2) he was not doing anything important. +Possible meanings are 1) he thought he was like a lion, but he was really only a monster, or 2) he was like a lion and a monster. -## monster ## +# like a young lion among the nations -A monster is an animal that is big and scary. This one might be a crocodile. \ No newline at end of file +Egypt was stronger than other nations, like lions are stronger than other animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like a monster in the seas + +Pharaoh was powerful, but he only caused trouble for others, like this monster in the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# monster + +A monster is an animal that is big and dangerous. This one might be a crocodile. See how you translated this word in [Ezekiel 29:3](../29/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/03.md b/ezk/32/03.md index 60746a8800..b6c1c889d9 100644 --- a/ezk/32/03.md +++ b/ezk/32/03.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh and to compare him to a monster that lives in the water. +# General Information: -## The Lord Yahweh says this ## +Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh and to speak of him as if he were a monster, perhaps a crocodile, in the water. + +# The Lord Yahweh says this See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). -## So I will spread my net over you in the assembly of many peoples ## +# So I will spread my net over you in the assembly of many peoples -AT: "So I will gather many peoples and throw my net over you." ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +God's punishment of Pharaoh is spoken of as if the king were the river monster caught in a net. AT: "So I will gather many peoples and throw my net over you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they will lift you up in my net ## +# I will abandon you in the land -AT: "using my net, the peoples will pull you up out of the water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"I will leave you helpless on the land." The monster that was fearsome and powerful when it was in the water cannot do anything when it is left on dry land. -## I will abandon you in the land ## - -"I will leave you helpless on the land." The monster that was scary when it was in the water cannot do anything when it is left on dry land. - -## all the birds of heaven ## +# all the birds of the heavens "all the birds that fly in the sky" -## the hunger of all living animals on earth will be satisfied by you ## +# the hunger of all living animals on earth will be satisfied by you -AT: "I will let all the animals of the earth eat your body until they are not hungry anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be put into active form. AT: "I will let all the animals of the earth eat your body until they are hungry no longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/05.md b/ezk/32/05.md index 89080fb433..222902bd72 100644 --- a/ezk/32/05.md +++ b/ezk/32/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh and to compare him to a monster that lives in the water. -## your worm-filled corpse ## +# your worm-filled corpse -filled corpse** - "your rotting body" +The worms help the dead body to rot. AT: "your rotting body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Then I will pour your blood over the mountains ## +# the stream beds will be filled with your blood -AT: "I will flood the the land with your blood all the way to the mountains." - -## And the stream beds will be filled with you blood ## - -AT: "and I will fill the streams with your blood" or "and they will fill the streams with your blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be put into active form. AT: "I will fill the streams with your blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/07.md b/ezk/32/07.md index b10dde6940..dcb64b5330 100644 --- a/ezk/32/07.md +++ b/ezk/32/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Pharaoh what he will do to Egypt. -## Then when I put out your lamp ## +# when I extinguish you -"when I snuff out your flame." Yahweh compares the way he will destroy Pharaoh to the way he would put out the flame of a lamp. AT: "When I destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +It was common to speak of a person's life as if it were a lamp that could be put out. AT: "When I destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will cover the heavens ## +# I will cover the heavens -Yahweh will cover the sky so that people on earth cannot see the light of the stars, sun and moon. +Yahweh speaks of making the stars dark as if he were putting a cover over the sky. AT: "I will make everything in the sky go dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## darken its stars ## +# I will put darkness over your land -"I will make the stars dark." They will have no light. +Darkness is spoken of as if it were something that someone could spread over everything. AT: "I will make it dark in your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will put darkness over your land ## +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -"I will make it dark in your land" - -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/09.md b/ezk/32/09.md index 0727ca44af..a740268c07 100644 --- a/ezk/32/09.md +++ b/ezk/32/09.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh. -## I will terrify the heart of many peoples ## +# I will terrify the heart of many peoples -AT: "I will make the hearts of many peoples afraid" or "I will cause many people to be terrified" +Here "heart" represents the people's emotions. AT: "I will make the hearts of many peoples afraid" or "I will cause many people to be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in lands you do not know ## +# in lands that you do not know -The way that Yahweh destroys Egypt will be so scary that even people in lands that Pharaoh never knew about will hear about it. +The way that Yahweh destroys Egypt will make afraid even people in lands that Pharaoh never knew about. -## when I bring your collapse among the nations ## +# when I bring about your collapse among the nations -AT: "when nations hear about the way I destroyed you" +The nation of Egypt, symbolized by its king, is spoken of as if it were a building that was collapsing. AT: "when nations hear about the way I destroyed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will shock many peoples concerning you ## +# when I swing my sword -"I will make many peoples horrified because of what happens to you" +Here swinging a sword represents using the sword. AT: "when I use my sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## their kings will shudder in horror concerning you ## +# Every moment each one will tremble because of you -AT: "their kings will be so scared about what happens to you that they will shake" +Here "tremble" is an action that people often do when they are very afraid. AT: "Every one of them will keep shaking because of their fear" -## They will tremble constantly, each man ## +# on the day of your downfall -AT: "Every one of them will keep shaking because of their fear" - -## on the day of your downfall ## - -AT: "when I destroy you" \ No newline at end of file +The idea of falling down ("downfall") represents dying. AT: "when I destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/11.md b/ezk/32/11.md index 99d65d56f7..908dafabc0 100644 --- a/ezk/32/11.md +++ b/ezk/32/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh. -## The sword of the king of Babylon will come against you ## +# The sword of the king of Babylon will come against you -The word "sword" refers here to an army. AT: "The army of the king of Babylon will attack you" +Here "sword" represents an army. AT: "The army of the king of Babylon will attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will cause your servants to fall by warriors’ swords ## +# each warrior a terror of nations -TA: "I will cause your people to fall because of the swords of mighty men" +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "terrifies" or "afraid." AT: "Each warrior terrifies the nations" or "each one of them makes the nations afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## each warrior a terror of nations ## +# will devastate the pride of Egypt -AT: "Each warrior terrifies the nations" or “each one of them makes the nations afraid” +The abstract noun "pride" can be stated as "proud." AT: "will cause the Egyptians to no longer be proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## and destroy all of its multitudes ## +# destroy all of its multitudes -"and kill the very large number of people that live in Egypt" \ No newline at end of file +Here "all" is probably a generalization that refers to the killing of large numbers of soldiers, and perhaps other people also. AT: "kill a very large number of people who live in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/13.md b/ezk/32/13.md index 15ec68808f..2622e84866 100644 --- a/ezk/32/13.md +++ b/ezk/32/13.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## all the livestock ## +# from beside the plentiful waters -Livestock are animals that people have to eat and for other reasons. Cows, sheep, and goats are all livestock. +"in the places where there is a lot of water" -## from beside the plentiful waters ## +# the foot of man will no longer stir the waters up -"from the places where there is a lot of water" +The foot here is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "people will no longer stir the waters up with their feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the foot of man ## +# stir the waters -"the feet of people" +make clear water muddy -## Then I will calm their waters ## +# the hooves of cattle stir them -Possible meanings are 1) "I will make the water calm" or 2) "I will make the water clear." When no one stirs up the water, the dirt settles down and the water becomes clear. +The hoof is a synecdoche for cattle. AT: "cattle stir them with their hooves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## make their rivers run like oil ## +# Then I will calm their waters -Oil flows slowly and smoothly. AT: "make the rivers run smoothly like oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "I will make the water calm" or 2) "I will make the water clear." When no one stirs up the water, the dirt settles down and the water becomes clear. -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# make their rivers run like oil -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Oil flows slowly and smoothly. AT: "make the rivers run smoothly like oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/15.md b/ezk/32/15.md index 3f83bb3338..027509263b 100644 --- a/ezk/32/15.md +++ b/ezk/32/15.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## a land that was full ## +# When I make the land of Egypt an abandoned place -AT: "a land that was full of living creatures" or "a land that was full of life" +This can be put into active form. AT: "When I make the land of Egypt a place where no one is living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## When I attack all of her inhabitants ## +# when the land is made bare of all its fullness -"when I destroy all who live there" +"when the country is made to lose all its wealth" -## know that I am Yahweh ## +# when I attack all the inhabitants in her -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). +Here the idea of attacking represents destroying. AT: "when I destroy all who live in her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## There will be a lament ## +# in her ... over her -AT: "This is the song of mourning that people will sing" +It was normal in biblical language to represent countries and lands as if they were women. AT: "in it ... over it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the daughters of the nations ## +# know that I am Yahweh -Possible meanings are 1) "the women of other nations" or "people of other nations" +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## will lament over her ## +# the daughters of the nations -The word "her" refers to the country of Egypt. +Possible meanings are 1) "the women of other nations" or 2) "people of other nations" -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# over Egypt, over all her multitudes -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +"about Egypt, about all her multitudes" or "about the disaster that happened to Egypt, about the disaster that happened to all her multitudes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/17.md b/ezk/32/17.md index 8e96f38ecf..c96d58bc07 100644 --- a/ezk/32/17.md +++ b/ezk/32/17.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## Then it happened ## +# Then it happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new message. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## in the twelfth year ## +# in the twelfth year -Possible meanings are 1) This happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took the Israelites to Babylon or 2) this happened in twelfth year after the Babylonians took Jehoiachin to Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Possible meanings are 1) This happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took the Israelites to Babylon or 2) this happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took Jehoiachin to Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# the word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Son of man ## +# Son of man -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## weep for the servants of Egypt ## +# bring them down—her and the daughters of majestic nations -"cry loudly for the army of Egypt" +God is perhaps telling Ezekiel to cause this to happen by giving a prophetic command. -## throw them down—her and the daughters of majestic nations ## +# her -AT: "throw Egypt and the daughters of majestic nations down" +Once again, the land of Egypt is referred to as a woman. -## the daughters of majestic nations ## +# the daughters of majestic nations -Possible meanings are 1) "the people of powerful nations"or 2) "other powerful nations." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "the people of powerful nations" or 2) "other powerful nations." + +# the lowest earth + +"to the places under the ground." When people died, they were put in the ground. So "bring them down ... to the lowest earth" means "make them die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with those who have gone down to the pit + +"with everyone else who has died and gone into the ground" + +# the pit + +"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:16](../31/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/19.md b/ezk/32/19.md index 87e357722b..5f70c808eb 100644 --- a/ezk/32/19.md +++ b/ezk/32/19.md @@ -1,37 +1,43 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. +# General Information: -## Ask them ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. He speaks of the people of Egypt as if they were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"Ask Egypt and her army" +# Are you really more beautiful than anyone else? Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised. -## Go down ## +This is a question and command that the prophet is to ask the Egyptians. AT: "Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised. Ask them all: 'Are you really more beautiful than anyone else?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -It is implied that they go down to Sheol. AT: "Go down to Sheol." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# Go down -## They ## +It is implied that they must go down to Sheol. AT: "Go down to Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"Egypt and her army" +# lie down -## will fall ## +as in death. If your language has a word for dead people lying down that is different from the word for live people lying down to sleep, use it here. -"will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# Are you really more beautiful than anyone else? -## who were killed by the sword ## +This question really makes a statement. AT: "You are not more beautiful than anyone else." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "whom enemies killed with swords" or "who died in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# They -## Egypt is given to the sword ## +"Egypt and her people" -AT: "Enemies will attack Egypt" +# who were killed by the sword -## her enemies will seize her and her servants ## +The word "sword" is a metonym for a soldier who kills people with a sword.This can be put into active form. AT: "whom enemy soldiers killed with swords" or "who died in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"Her enemies will drag off Egypt and her servants." +# The sword has been drawn! -## her servants ## +The word "sword" here is a metonym for war that people fight with swords. This can be translated in active form. AT: "War has begun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Possible meanings are 1) Egypt's people or 2) Egypt's army. +# She has been given to the sword -## about Egypt and her allies ## +This can be put in active form. AT: "I have given Egypt to the sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "about the Egyptians and those who join them" \ No newline at end of file +# they will seize her and her multitudes + +"her enemies will seize Egypt and her people" + +# about Egypt and her allies + +"about the Egyptians and those who join them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/22.md b/ezk/32/22.md index 1862a5a820..a95fc6a940 100644 --- a/ezk/32/22.md +++ b/ezk/32/22.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. +# General Information: -## Assyria is there with all her assembly ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. Because what God is showing Ezekiel may be for future time, either the present tense or the future tense is suitable for these verses and the following verses. -AT: "The people of Assyria and all her army are there in Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Assyria is there with all her assembly -## All of them were killed by the sword ## +The land of Assyria is represented as a woman. AT: "The people of Assyria and all its army are there in Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "All of them died by the sword" or "All of them had died in battle." See how you translated "who had been killed by the sword" in [Ezekiel 31:17](../31/17.md). +# her assembly -## are set in the recesses of the pit ## +"all her people together" -"are in the deepest part of the pit" +# all of them were killed by the sword -## all those who were killed, who fell by the sword ## +The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. This can be put in active form. AT: "Soldiers used swords to kill them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "all those whom enemies killed with swords" or "all those who died when enemies killed them in battle (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# are set in the recesses of the pit -## those who brought terror on the land of the living ## +"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:18](./17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"those who had caused people in the land of the living to be very afraid." AT: "those who, when they were still alive, caused people to be extremely afraid" \ No newline at end of file +# all of those who were killed, who fell by the sword + +This can be put in active form. AT: "all those whom enemies killed in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fell by the sword + +The word "fell" here is a euphemism for "died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# those who brought terror on the land of the living + +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "afraid." AT: "those who, when they were still alive, caused people to be extremely afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the land of the living + +This represents the people who were alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/24.md b/ezk/32/24.md index b5524b50a7..bb6d011374 100644 --- a/ezk/32/24.md +++ b/ezk/32/24.md @@ -1,53 +1,71 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. -## Elam is there ## +# Elam is there -"The people of Elam are also there in Sheol" +Here "Elam" refers to the people of that country. AT: "The people of Elam are also there in Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## her servants ## +# her multitudes Possible meanings are 1) her many people or 2) her army. -## Her graves surround her ## +# Her graves surround her -See how you translated "Her graves surround her" in [Ezekiel 32:22](./22.md). +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:22](./22.md). -## all of them were killed ## +# all of them were killed -AT: "Her enemies killed them all" (See: +This can be put in active form. AT: "Her enemies killed them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Those who fell by the sword ## +# Those who fell by the sword -"who fell by the sword" in [Ezekiel 32:22](./22.md). +Translate "who fell by the sword" as in [Ezekiel 32:23](./22.md). -## who have gone down uncircumcised ## +# by the sword + +Here "the sword" is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. AT: "in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who have gone down uncircumcised "who were uncircumcised when they went down" -## to the lowest parts of the earth ## +# to the lowest parts of the earth -"to places deep down in the ground" or "to the land deep down in the ground." See how you translated "in the lowest realms of the earth" in [Ezekiel 26:19](../26/19.md). +"to places deep down in the ground" or "to the land deep down in the ground." See how you translated "in the lowest realms of the earth" in [Ezekiel 26:20](../26/19.md). -## Who brought their terrors on the land of the living ## +# who brought their terrors -See how you translated "brought terror on the land of the living" in [Ezekiel 32:22](./22.md). +The abstract noun "terrors" can be stated as "afraid." See how you translated "brought terror" in [Ezekiel 32:23](./22.md). AT: "those who, when they were still alive, caused people to be extremely afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## who now carry their own shame with them ## +# the land of the living -"who feel ashamed" or "who are now disgraced" +This represents the people who were alive. See how you translated "the land of the living" in [Ezekiel 32:23](./22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They set a bedroll for Elam and all her servants ## +# who carry their own shame -"They gave beds to Elam and all her servants." +Shame is spoken of as if it were an object that one could carry where he goes. AT: "who feel ashamed" or "who are now disgraced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the midst of the killed ## +# the pit -"with all the other people who were killed." +"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:23](./22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## All of them are uncircumcised ## +# They set a bedroll for Elam and all her multitudes -Possible implications are 1) they do not obey God or 2) The Egyptians hate them because they are not circumcised. AT: "they were godless" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Space being made in Sheol for the dead is spoken of as if the dead were given beds to lie on. AT: "They gave beds to Elam and all its people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Elam is among all those who were killed ## +# in the midst of the slain -AT: "The dead people gave Elam a bed among themselves" \ No newline at end of file +"with all the other people who were killed" + +# All of them are uncircumcised + +The Israelites did not respect people who were not circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# pierced by the sword, because + +The word "pierced" here is a metonym for "killed." This can be translated in active form. AT: "their enemies have killed them with swords because" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Elam is among all those who were killed + +This is very similar to the first part of the verse. AT: "The dead people gave Elam a place to lie among themselves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/26.md b/ezk/32/26.md index f1024b948b..537c94a19d 100644 --- a/ezk/32/26.md +++ b/ezk/32/26.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. -## all their servants ## +# Meshech ... Tubal -Possible meanings are 1) "all their army" or 2) "all their many people." +See how you translated these names in [Ezekiel 27:13](../27/12.md). -## Their graves surround them ## +# Their graves surround them -See how you translated "her graves around her" in [Ezekiel 32:22](./22.md). +See how you translated "her graves surround her" in [Ezekiel 32:22](./22.md). -## All of them...land of the living ## +# killed by the sword -See how you translated "All of them...land of the living" in [Ezekiel 32:24](./24.md). +Here "the sword" represents warfare. AT: "killed in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Do they not lie ## +# they had brought their terrors on the land of the living -Possible meanings are 1) this is the beginning of a rhetorical question that emphasizes that the people of Meshech and Tubal are dead or 2) this is a statement that says that they will not lie in honor with their weapons and swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Causing people to fear is spoken of as if it were the act of bringing an object to them. The abstract noun "terrors" can be translated with a verb. AT: "they terrified everyone in the land of the living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## And their shields placed on their bones ## +# All of them ... land of the living -Possible meanings are 1) "And with their shields placed on their bones or 2) "But with their sins on their bones." If it is about their sins, it would mean that they still had a lot of guilt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +See how you translated "All of them ... land of the living" in [Ezekiel 32:25](./24.md). -## For they were the terror of warriors in the land of the living ## +# their iniquities over their bones -AT: "because, while they were still alive, they made warriors very afraid" \ No newline at end of file +The warriors' iniquities cover their bodies, although one would expect that their shields would cover them in death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they were the terror of warriors in the land of the living + +"while they were still alive, they made other warriors very afraid" + +# in the land of the living + +The time during which these warriors were living is spoken of as if it were a place. AT: "while they were alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/28.md b/ezk/32/28.md index c905734b15..ca98d59b0a 100644 --- a/ezk/32/28.md +++ b/ezk/32/28.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## will be destroyed ## +# you ... will be broken -AT: "I will destroy you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Broken" here represents "destroyed." This can be put in active form. AT: "I will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in the midst of the uncircumcised ## +# in the midst of -AT: "along with uncircumcised people" +"in the middle of" -## those killed by the sword ## +# those who were pierced -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:24](./24.md). +The word "pierced" here is a metonym for "killed." This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](./24.md). AT: "those whose enemies have killed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Edom is there with her kings and all her leaders ## +# by the sword -"Edom is in Sheol with her kings and all her leaders." AT: "the people of Edom are in Sheol with their kings and all their leaders." +This represents being in warfare. AT: "in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They were powerful ## +# Edom is there with her kings and all her leaders -"They had a lot of power" \ No newline at end of file +Here "Edom" represents all the people of Edom. AT: "the people of Edom are in Sheol with their kings and all their leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the pit + +"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](./24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/30.md b/ezk/32/30.md index dd832044c4..c66387b698 100644 --- a/ezk/32/30.md +++ b/ezk/32/30.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## The princes of the north ## +# The princes of the north "The princes who ruled nations in the north" -## are there ## +# are there "are in Sheol" -## went down ## +# went down "went down to Sheol" -## with the dead ## +# had been pierced -"with those who were killed" +The word "pierced" here is a metonym for "killed." This can be translated in active form. See how you translated similar words in [Ezekiel 32:25](./24.md). AT: "whom enemies had killed with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## who were killed by the sword ## +# by the sword -See how you translated "who had been killed by the sword" in [Ezekiel 31:17](../31/17.md). +This represents being in warfare. AT: "in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They carry their own shame, together with the others who are going down to the pit ## +# They carry their own shame -See how you translated "they carry their own shame with them, together with the ones going down to the pit" [Ezekiel 32:24](./24.md). \ No newline at end of file +Shame is spoken of as if it were an object that one could carry where he goes. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](./24.md). AT: "who feel ashamed" or "who are now disgraced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the pit + +"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:29](./28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/31.md b/ezk/32/31.md index cdcff96f46..fe5c173c56 100644 --- a/ezk/32/31.md +++ b/ezk/32/31.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Pharaoh will look ## +# Pharaoh will look -AT: "Pharaoh will see all the dead people from other nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It can be made explicit who Pharaoh will see. AT: "Pharaoh will see all the dead people from other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and be comforted about all his servants ## +# be comforted about all his multitudes -It is implied that Pharaoh will be comforted because the armies of other great kings also died. AT "and will comfort himself that he was not the only king whose entire army died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +It is implied that Pharaoh will be comforted because the armies of other great kings also died. AT: "will comfort himself that he was not the only king whose entire army died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## who were killed by the sword ## +# who were pierced by the sword See how you translated "who had been killed by the sword" in [Ezekiel 31:17](../31/17.md). -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# I put him as my terrifying one in the land of the living -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +"While Pharaoh was still alive, I made him to terrify people" -## I made him cause terror in the land of the living ## +# he will be laid down in the midst of the uncircumcised -AT: "While Pharaoh was still alive, I allowed him to terrify people" - -## he will lie down in the midst of the uncircumcised ## - -AT: "he will be with those who are not circumcised" \ No newline at end of file +This can be put in active form. AT: "Others will lay him in the midst of the uncircumcised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/intro.md b/ezk/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..271a2bea75 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 32 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The prophecy against Egypt and its king concludes in this chapter. Egypt will have its army destroyed, just as happened to so many other nations. Beginning in verse 1, the land of Egypt is addressed through Pharaoh, its king, so God refers to Egypt as "he" and "him." However, beginning in verse 12, Egypt is referred to as "she" and "her," as if she were a woman. It was common in Hebrew for lands and countries to be referred to as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/01.md b/ezk/33/01.md index 4d254abcb8..8971ffffdf 100644 --- a/ezk/33/01.md +++ b/ezk/33/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## The word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# the word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Son of man ## +# Son of man -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## a sword against any land ## +# a sword against any land -The word "sword" refers to an enemy army that attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "sword" refers to an enemy army that attacks. Also, "land" refers to the people who live there. AT: "an army to attack the people of any land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## make him a watchman ## +# make him a watchman "appoint him as a guard" or "make him guard" -## do not pay attention ## +# He looks for the sword + +Here "sword" represents an enemy army. AT: "He looks for an enemy army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do not pay attention "ignore the warning" -## each one's blood will be on his own head ## +# each one's blood is on his own head -This phrase describes how God will hold them responsible for their own death. AT: "it is their own fault if they die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "blood" represents death. The phrase "on his own head" is an idiom that means the person will be held responsible. AT: "it is their own fault if they die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/05.md b/ezk/33/05.md index 3ecc3eccf6..a7056096e9 100644 --- a/ezk/33/05.md +++ b/ezk/33/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. -## his blood is on him ## +# his blood is on him -AT: "it will be his own fault that he dies" +Here "blood" represents a person's death. The phrase "on him" is an idiom that means that person is considered responsible. AT: "it will be his own fault that he dies" -## save his own life ## +# save his own life "will keep himself from dying" -## the sword as it comes ## +# the sword as it is coming -The word “sword” refers to an enemy army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "sword" refers to an enemy army. AT: "the enemy army as it is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the sword comes and takes anyone's life ## +# with the result that the people are not warned -"the sword comes and kills anyone" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and he does not warn the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that person dies in his own sin ## +# the sword comes and takes anyone's life -"that person dies because of his own sin" \ No newline at end of file +Here "sword" represents an enemy army. AT: "the enemy army comes and kills anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that person dies in his own sin + +"that person dies because of his own sin" + +# I will require his blood from the watchman + +Here "blood" represents a person's death. The phrase "I will require his blood from" is an idiom that means to consider someone responsible. AT: "I will consider that person's death to be the fault of the watchman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/07.md b/ezk/33/07.md index 48226c018e..baf4985af7 100644 --- a/ezk/33/07.md +++ b/ezk/33/07.md @@ -1,37 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## the house of Israel ## +# the house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +Here "house" represents people. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## from my mouth ## +# you will hear the words from my mouth and warn them on my behalf -AT: "from me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "mouth" represents what Yahweh says. AT: "you will hear the message that I speak and you will warn them on my behalf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## warn them on my behalf ## +# warn them on my behalf "warn them as my representative" or "give them the warning from me" -## do not announce this ## +# do not announce this "do not say this" -## about his way ## +# about his way "the way he acts" or "the things he does." See how you translated "your ways" in [Ezekiel 7:3](../07/03.md). -## will die in his sin ## +# I will require his blood from your hand -"will die because of his sin" +Here "blood" represents a person's death. The phrase "require ... from your hand" is an idiom that means to consider someone responsible. AT: "I will consider you responsible for his death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## require his blood from your hand ## +# he might turn back from it, and if he does not turn back from his way -See how you translated this phrase in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +A person no longer behaving in a certain way is spoken of as if he physically turns and goes back on a path. AT: "he might stop doing bad things, and if he does not stop doing bad things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## turn back from it ## - -"stop acting in a bad way" or "stop doing bad things" - -## will have saved your own life ## +# will have saved your own life "will have kept yourself alive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/10.md b/ezk/33/10.md index 7256ed7eb8..c05c81127a 100644 --- a/ezk/33/10.md +++ b/ezk/33/10.md @@ -1,37 +1,47 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. -## the house of Israel ## +# the house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +Here "house" represents people. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## You are saying this ## +# You are saying this -AT: "This is what you have said” +"This is what you have said" -## our transgressions and sins are on us ## +# Our transgressions and our sins are on us -Possible meanings are that they feel guilty for their transgressions and sins or 2) they realize that Yahweh is punishing them for their transgressions and sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "on us" is a metaphor that means they feel guilty for their transgressions and sins or 2) "on us" is a metaphor that means they realize that Yahweh is punishing them for their transgressions and sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## we are decaying in them ## +# we are decaying in them -"we are rotting away because of them." This phrase compares the way that sin destroys people to the way that flesh rots. TA: "they are destroying us" or "they are killing us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"we are rotting away because of them." Being destroyed because of sin is spoken of as if the person's flesh were rotting. AT: "they are destroying us" or "they are killing us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## How can we live? ## +# in them -The people ask this question to emphasize that they have no hope of living. AT: "We have no hope of living" or "We will certainly die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"because of them" -## As I live ## +# How can we live? -See how you translated this phrase in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +The people ask this question to emphasize that they have no hope of living. AT: "We have no hope of living." or "We will certainly die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# As I live -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## if the wicked repents of his way ## +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -"if the wicked person stops doing bad things" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## For why should you die ## +# I do not delight in the death of the wicked -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he does not want the people of Israel to day. AT: "Do not choose to die." \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "death" can be stated as "die." And the nominal adjective "the wicked" can be stated as "wicked people." AT: "It does not make me happy when wicked people die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# if the wicked repents from his way + +Here "way" represents how a person behaves. AT: "if the wicked person stops doing bad things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For why should you die, house of Israel? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he does not want the people of Israel to die. AT: "Do not choose to die, house of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/12.md b/ezk/33/12.md index da1b32d36c..767e346af1 100644 --- a/ezk/33/12.md +++ b/ezk/33/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. -## The righteousness of a righteous person will not save him if he sins! ## +# The righteousness of a righteous person will not save him if he sins! -AT: "If righteous people start to sin, the fact that they were righteous before will not save them" +The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as the adjective "right." It is implied that they will not be saved from God's punishment. AT: "If righteous people start to sin, the fact that they did what was right before will not stop me from punishing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## if he trusts in his righteousness ## +# The wickedness of a wicked person will not cause him to perish -"if he depends on his righteousness." The person think that because he was righteous Yahweh will not punish him, even if he sins. +The abstract noun "wickedness" can be stated as the adjective "wicked." AT: "A person who does what is wicked will not perish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## commits injustice ## +# if he trusts in his righteousness + +The person thinks that because he was righteous, Yahweh will not punish him, even if he sins. The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as the adjective "right." AT: "if he depends on the right things he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# commits injustice "does what is evil" or "does wicked things" -## in the wickedness that he has committed ## +# I will not call to mind -"because of the wicked things he has done" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "I will not think about" or "I will not recall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for the wickedness he committed + +The abstract noun "wickedness" can be stated as the adjective "wicked" AT: "because of the wicked things he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/14.md b/ezk/33/14.md index 4df21176be..c24442a2c4 100644 --- a/ezk/33/14.md +++ b/ezk/33/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. -## if he restores the loan guarantee ## +# to the wicked + +The nominal adjective "the wicked" can be stated as "the wicked person." AT: "to the wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# if he restores the loan guarantee "if he gives back the loan guarantee" -## loan guarantee ## +# loan guarantee -something a person leaves with another person to show that he will keep his promise to pay back what he has borrowed. +something a person leaves with another person to show that he will keep his promise to pay back what he has borrowed -## makes restitution for what he has stolen ## +# makes restitution for what he has stolen "returns what he has stolen" or "pays back the value of what he stole" -## walks in the statutes that give life ## +# walks in the statutes that give life -AT: "lives according to the laws that give life" +Acting or behaving in a certain way is spoken of as if it were walking. AT: "lives according to the laws that give life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## None of the sins that he has committed will be remembered concerning him ## +# will be called to mind for him -AT: "I will not remember any of his sins" or "I will not hold any of his sins against him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "call to mind" is an idiom that means to remember. The phrase "will be called" can be stated in active form. AT: "will I think about" or "will I recall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/17.md b/ezk/33/17.md index f6bf24515f..f6f58b2184 100644 --- a/ezk/33/17.md +++ b/ezk/33/17.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. -## your people ## +# your people These are the people of Israel. The word "your" refers to Ezekiel. -## but it is your ways ## +# The way of the Lord ... your ways that are not fair -The word "your" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "but it is their ways." +Behaviors or actions is spoken of as if they were a way or road on which a person travels. AT: "What the Lord does ... the things you do that are not fair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## die in it ## +# but it is your ways -"die because of the sin" +The word "your" refers to the people of Israel. This can be stated in third person. AT: "but it is their ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## turns away from his wickedness ## +# turns away from his righteousness -AT: "stops doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +No longer doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. AT: "stops doing what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## because of those things ## +# die in it + +"die because of his sins" + +# turns away from his wickedness + +No longer doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. AT: "stops doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because of those things "because he does what is just and righteous" -## you people ## +# you people -These are the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +These are the people of Israel. + +# house of Israel + +Here "house" represents people. AT: "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/21.md b/ezk/33/21.md index 2e251d8fd8..1c9e2c752d 100644 --- a/ezk/33/21.md +++ b/ezk/33/21.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## of our captivity ## +# It happened -"after we became captives." AT: "after the Babylonians took us as captives to Babylon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## a fugitive came to me from Jerusalem ## +# the twelfth year ... fifth day ... tenth month -"someone escaped from Jerusalem and came to me." The Babylonians had destroyed Jerusalem and killed the people of Jerusalem, but a few people escaped. +"the 12th year ... 5th day ... 10th month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## The city has been captured ## +# on the fifth day of the tenth month -AT: "The Babylonians have destroyed the city." The phrase "the city" refers to "Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## The hand of Yahweh had been on me ## +# of our captivity -See how you translated "the hand of Yahweh came upon him" in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). +Here "our" refers to Ezekiel and the Israelites who have been in Babylon since the time the Babylonians forced King Jehoiachin to leave Jerusalem, but not to the reader. AT: "after we became captives" or "after the Babylonians took us as captives to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## dawn ## +# a fugitive came to me from Jerusalem -"Dawn" is the time early in the morning when the light of the sun first appears. +"someone escaped from Jerusalem and came to me" The Babylonians had destroyed Jerusalem and killed the people of Jerusalem, but a few people escaped. -## my mouth was open ## +# The city has been captured -AT: "Yahweh opened my mouth." See how you translated "I will open your mouth" in [Ezekiel 3:26](../03/26.md). +The phrase "the city" refers to "Jerusalem." This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Babylonians have destroyed Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I was no longer mute ## +# The hand of Yahweh had been on me -"I was no longer unable to speak" or "I was now able to speak" \ No newline at end of file +The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that person. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "Yahweh was controlling me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my mouth was opened + +This phrase is an idiom that means to be able to speak. It can be stated in active form. See how you translated "I will open your mouth" in [Ezekiel 3:27](../03/26.md). AT: "I was able to speak" or "Yahweh enabled me to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# dawn + +The word "dawn" refers to the time early in the morning when the light of the sun first appears. + +# I was no longer mute + +"I was no longer forced to be silent" or "I was no longer unable to speak" Ezekiel had been unable to speak anything except prophetic words since [Ezekiel 3:26](../03/26.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/23.md b/ezk/33/23.md index a25c298b28..7f94ba49ec 100644 --- a/ezk/33/23.md +++ b/ezk/33/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## the Word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# the word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## those ruins ## +# those ruins -Possible meanings are: "those ruined buildings" or "those ruined cities" +Possible meanings are 1) "those ruined buildings" or 2) "those ruined cities" -## the land ## +# he inherited the land + +Yahweh giving the land to Abraham is spoken of as if Abraham inherited the land. AT: "Yahweh gave him the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land "the land of Israel" -## The land has been given to us ## +# The land has been given to us -AT: "Yahweh has given us the land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has given us the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## as a possession ## +# as a possession -AT: "so that we can possess it" or "as an inheritance." They were implying that since there were so many of them, they should possess it. \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "possession" can be stated as "possess." AT: "so that we can possess it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/25.md b/ezk/33/25.md index 8bda8de9ab..eef8dca67b 100644 --- a/ezk/33/25.md +++ b/ezk/33/25.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people who were living in the ruins of Israel. -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# You eat blood -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:10](../03/10.md). +It is implied that they eat blood by eating meat that still has blood in it. Yahweh had commanded them to drain out the blood. AT: "You eat meat with blood in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## you eat blood ## +# you lift up your eyes towards your idols -It is implied that they eat blood by eating meat that still has blood in it. Yahweh had commanded them drain out the blood. AT: "eat meat with blood in it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"you look to your idols" This is an idiom. AT: "you worship your idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). -## you lift up your eyes toward your idols ## +# you pour out people's blood -"you look to your idols." This means "you worship your idols" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). +Here "blood" represents a person's life. To pour out blood is an idiom that means to murder. AT: "you murder people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you pour out peoples blood ## +# Should you really possess the land? -AT: "you pour out blood." This means "you murder people." +Yahweh used this question to rebuke the people. AT: "You should not possess this land!" or "You do not deserve this land!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Should you really possess the land? ## +# You have depended on your swords -Yahweh used this question to rebuke the people. AT: "You should not possess this land" or "You do not deserve this land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "swords" represent doing violent things. AT: "You have committed violent acts with your swords to get what you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you have depended on your swords ## +# done disgusting things -AT: "you have used your swords to get what you want." +"done things that I hate very much" -## done disgusting things ## +# each man defiles his neighbor's wife -AT: "done things that I hate very much" - -## each man defiles his neighbor's wife ## - -It is implied that they defile their neighbor's wives by having sex with them. AT: "Each man sleeps with other men's wives." \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that they defile their neighbor's wives by sleeping with them. AT: "each man sleeps with his neighbor's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/27.md b/ezk/33/27.md index f353c2910c..3fba0af25c 100644 --- a/ezk/33/27.md +++ b/ezk/33/27.md @@ -1,53 +1,51 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people who were living in the ruins of Israel. -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# As I live -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:10](../03/10.md). +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## As I live ## +# the ones in the ruins will fall by the sword -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +The phrase "fall by the sword" is an idiom. AT: "enemies will kill the ones living in the ruins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## fall by the sword ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). - -## those in fortresses and in caves will die of plagues ## +# those in fortresses and in caves will die of plagues "plagues will kill the people who live in fortresses and caves" -## fortresses ## +# fortresses -A fortress is a building that people build to protect themselves from enemies who attack them. +A fortress is a building that people build to protect themselves from enemies who attack them. -## caves ## +# caves Caves are natural holes in the side of a mountain or down in the ground. They are usually made of rock. -## and a horror ## +# a horror -A "horror" is something that makes people very afraid when they see it. AT: "and people will be afraid because of it" +The abstract noun "horror" refers to something that makes people very afraid when they see it. This can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "something that horrifies people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the pride of its might will end ## +# the pride of its might will end -The word "it" refers to the land, which refers to the people of the land. Alternate translation: "the people of the land will not be proud anymore that they are strong ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "it" refers to the land, which refers to the people of the land. AT: "the people of the land will not be proud anymore that they are strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the mountains of Israel will be deserted ## +# the mountains of Israel will be deserted -"no one will lived in the mountains of Israel" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will live in the mountains of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## there will be no one to pass through them ## +# there will be no one to pass through them "there will be no one left to travel through the land or over the mountains" -## know that I am Yahweh ## +# know that I am Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they have done ## +# all the abominations that they have done -"the people have done" +The abstract noun "abominations" can be stated as "things I hate." AT: "all the things they have done that I hate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## all the disgusting things that they have done ## +# they have done -"all the things they have done that I hate" \ No newline at end of file +"the people have done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/30.md b/ezk/33/30.md index 4782f39381..d868dd26d7 100644 --- a/ezk/33/30.md +++ b/ezk/33/30.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## Son of man ## +# that comes out from Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +"that Yahweh tells him to speak" or "that Yahweh gives him" -## that comes out from Yahweh ## +# Right words are in their mouths, but their hearts are going after unjust profit -AT: "that Yahweh sends" or "that Yahweh gives him" +Here "mouths" represent speaking. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "They speak about loving me, but their hearts are going after unjust profit" or 2) AT: "They speak about the things they lust after, and their hearts are going after unjust profit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Right words are in their mouths ## +# their hearts are going after unjust profit -Possible meanings are 1) "Loving words are in their mouths" or 2) "Lustful words are in their mouths. AT: "With their mouths they say that they love me (UDB) or "With their mouths they talk about the things they lust after." - -## their hearts are going after unjust profit ## - -AT: "in their hearts they want to get their unjust profit" or "they want to get things in ways that are not just." They might do this my stealing things or tricking people. \ No newline at end of file +Here "hearts" represents desire. AT: "in their hearts they want to get their unjust profit" or "they desire to get things in ways that are not just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/32.md b/ezk/33/32.md index 2a6c0f5de9..6fbb7a13e3 100644 --- a/ezk/33/32.md +++ b/ezk/33/32.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people of Israel. -## You are like a lovely song to them ## +# you are like a lovely song to them -AT: "They think that you are like a lovely song" or "They think that your words are like a lovely song" +Here "you" refers to Ezekiel, and here he represents the message he speaks. This compares Ezekiel's message to a lovely song, which means the people enjoy listening to him, but they do not think his message is important enough to obey. AT: "they think that your words are like a lovely song" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## a lovely song ## +# a lovely song Possible meanings are 1) "a beautiful song" or 2) "a love song" or "a song about love." -## that is well-played on a stringed instrument ## +# that is well played on a stringed instrument -played on a stringed instrument** - AT: "that someone plays very well on a stringed instrument." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that someone plays very well on a stringed instrument" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## stringed instrument ## +# stringed instrument something that has strings and people use to make music -## when all of this happens ## +# when all of this happens The word "this" refers to all of the things that had God said would happen and that Ezekiel told the people about. -## behold! it will happen ## +# behold! -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “indeed, it will happen” +The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "indeed!" -## that a prophet has been among them ## +# that a prophet has been among them -This can be translated as "that I really sent you as a prophet." \ No newline at end of file +"that I really sent you as a prophet to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/intro.md b/ezk/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5f7c400b70 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 33 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Repentance ##### + +God does not want sinners to die. He wants them to repent and live. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/01.md b/ezk/34/01.md index 68e5774e0b..17f553f722 100644 --- a/ezk/34/01.md +++ b/ezk/34/01.md @@ -1,43 +1,43 @@ -## The Word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +In chapter 34, Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel were the shepherds that were supposed to care for the flock but have not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the shepherd of Israel ## +# the word of Yahweh came -This phrase compares the leaders of Israel that are supposed to take care of their people with shepherds who are supposed to take care of their flock. AT: "the leaders of Israel who are like shepherds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## prophesy and say ## +# Son of man -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:8](../21/08.md). +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# the shepherds of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:10](../03/10.md). +The leaders of Israel are spoken as if they were shepherds. They were supposed to take care of their people like shepherds take care of their flock. AT: "the leaders of Israel who are like shepherds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## are shepherding themselves ## +# are shepherding themselves -AT "are feeding and taking care of themselves." +The leaders taking care of themselves instead of the people are spoken of as if they were shepherding themselves. AT "are feeding and taking care of themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Should not shepherds guard the flock? ## +# Should not shepherds guard the flock? -"Should not shepherds feed and take care of the flock." Yahweh uses this question to scold the leaders for not taking care of the people. AT: "Shepherds should feed the flock and take care of it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses this question to scold the leaders for not taking care of the people. AT: "Shepherds should feed the flock and take care of it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## You eat the fatty portions ## +# You eat the fatty portions ... dress in wool -It is implied that the fatty portions come from the sheep and the goats. AT: "You eat the fatty parts of the sheep and goats" or "You eat the best parts of the sheep and goats." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This continues speaking of the leaders of Israel as if they were bad shepherds that kill the best animals in their flock for food and clothing. AT: "You are like shepherds who eat the fatty portions ... dress in wool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## dress in wool ## +# You eat the fatty portions + +The fatty portions come from the sheep and the goats. AT: "You eat the fatty parts of the sheep and goats" or "You eat the best parts of the sheep and goats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# dress in wool "wear the wool from the sheep" -## You slaughter the fatlings of the flock ## +# the fatlings -AT: "You kill the fatlings of the flock so that you can eat them" +"the youngest and fattest sheep and goats" -## the fatlings ## - -"the healthiest sheep and goats" or "the fattest sheep and goats" - -## do not shepherd at all ## +# do not shepherd at all "do not feed and take care of the flock" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/04.md b/ezk/34/04.md index eb765aa2b5..ec47624ec8 100644 --- a/ezk/34/04.md +++ b/ezk/34/04.md @@ -1,41 +1,47 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. -## have diseases ## +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have diseases Possible meanings are 1) "are sick" or 2) "are weak" -## bind up ## +# You do not bind up the ones who are broken -wrap a cloth around a broken bone or wound +"You do not wrap cloth around the broken bones of those who are wounded" -## the ones who are broken ## +# the ones who are broken -AT: "the sheep that have broken bones" or "the sheep that are injured" +"the sheep that have broken bones" or "the sheep that are injured" -## you do not restore ## +# you do not restore "you do not bring back" -## the outcast ## +# the outcasts -"the sheep that have been chased away" or "the weak sheep that stronger sheep have chased away" +"the sheep that have been chased away" or "those that others have chased away" -## the lost ## +# the lost -AT: "the sheep or goat that has gotten lost" or "the ones that have wandered away" +The words "the sheep or goats" are left out of this phrase, but they are intended to be understood. AT: "the sheep or goats that are lost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## through strength and violence ## +# through strength and violence "forcefully and cruelly" -## without a shepherd ## +# Then they were scattered without a shepherd -"because they did not have a shepherd." AT: "because you did not do what the shepherd should do." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then they scattered because they did not have a shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they became food for all the living beasts in the fields ## +# they became food for all the living beasts in the fields -AT: "all of the wild animals could attack and eat them" +"all of the wild animals could attack and eat them" -## it is dispersed over the entire surface of the earth ## +# it is dispersed over the entire surface of the earth "my flock is spread out all over the earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/07.md b/ezk/34/07.md index d9d019ff1d..4ba9de6b17 100644 --- a/ezk/34/07.md +++ b/ezk/34/07.md @@ -1,41 +1,47 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. -## the declaration of Yahweh ## +# General Information: -See how you translated "This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration" in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## As I live ## +# hear the word of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "listen to Yahweh's message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# As I live -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Because my flock has become plunder and food for all the living beasts in the fields ## +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -"Because the beasts in the field have been able to steal my flock and eat them" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, declare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## plunder ## +# because my flock has become plunder and food for all the beasts in the fields -things that are stolen. AT: "easy to steal" or "easy to kill" +This can be stated in the active form. AT: "because all the beasts in the fields steal my flock and eat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the beasts in the fields ## +# plunder -AT: "the wild animals" +things that are stolen -## because there was no shepherd ## +# all the beasts in the fields + +Here "all" is a generalization that refers to all the wild animals that eat sheep. AT: "all the wild animals in the fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# because there was no shepherd "because they did not have a shepherd" -## none of my shepherds sought my flock ## +# none of my shepherds sought my flock "none of my shepherds tried to find my flock" -## guarded themselves ## +# guarded themselves "shepherded themselves" or "fed and cared for themselves" -## did not shepherd my flock ## +# did not shepherd my flock "did not feed and care for my flock" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/09.md b/ezk/34/09.md index 0a315a9299..107d11f38e 100644 --- a/ezk/34/09.md +++ b/ezk/34/09.md @@ -1,37 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. -## Therefore, shepherds, hear the declaration of Yahweh ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 34:7](./07.md). +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# hear the word of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:10](../03/10.md). +"listen to Yahweh's message." This is an idiom that is used to introduce a special message from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Behold ## +# The Lord Yahweh says this -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed.” +This can be stated in the first person. AT: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## am against the shepherds ## +# Behold! -This can be translated as "will punish the shepherds." +The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed!" -## I will require my flock from their hand ## +# I am against the shepherds -AT: "I will hold them responsible for all the bad things that happen to my flock" or "I will punish them for all the bad things they let happen to my flock." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"I am opposed to the shepherds" -## I will dismiss them from shepherding the flock ## +# I will require my flock from their hand -"I will not let them shepherd the flock anymore" or "I will not let them be the shepherds of the flock anymore" +The phrase "require ... from their hand" is an idiom that means to hold or consider someone responsible for something. AT: "I will hold them responsible for all the bad things that happen to my flock" or "I will punish them for all the bad things they let happen to my flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## shepherd themselves ## +# I will dismiss them from shepherding the flock + +"I will not let them shepherd the flock any longer" or "I will not let them be the shepherds of the flock any longer" + +# shepherd themselves "feed and take care of themselves" -## from their mouths ## +# from their mouths -AT: "so they will not be able to eat them." +Here "mouths" represent eating. AT: "so they cannot eat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## my flock will no longer be food for them ## +# my flock will no longer be food for them "the shepherds will no longer eat the sheep and the goats of my flock" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/11.md b/ezk/34/11.md index 8fa269ca2f..856e06c3cb 100644 --- a/ezk/34/11.md +++ b/ezk/34/11.md @@ -1,45 +1,51 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. -## thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:10](../03/10.md). +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. Here he speaks of himself as if he were their shepherd and will take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Behold ## +# For the Lord Yahweh says this -The word “behold” here alerts the shepherds to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +This can be stated in first person. AT: "For this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## will seek out ## +# Behold! + +The word "Behold" here alerts the shepherds to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# will seek out "will look for" -## within the midst of his scattered flock ## +# within the midst of his scattered flock "with his scattered flock" -## scattered ## +# they were scattered -The flock is not is one place. The sheep and the goats are in many different places where they are lost and in danger. +It is is implied that the animals in the flock scattered because they did not have a shepherd to care for them or protect them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they scattered because they did not have a shepherd to care for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## on the day of clouds and darkness ## +# on the day of clouds and darkness -"on the cloudy and dark day." This refers to when many disasters happened. AT: "when terrible disasters happened to them." +"on the cloudy and dark day." Disasters are spoken of as if they were a day of darkness. AT: "when terrible disasters happened to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## bring them ## +# bring them -"bring my sheep and my goats" +"bring my sheep and my goats" or "bring my flock" -## from among the peoples ## +# from among the peoples "from the places where they lived with other peoples" -## your land ## +# I will put them in pastures ... every settlement in the land -AT: "their land" +Yahweh bringing his people back from exile to their land so that he can care for them and keep them safe is spoken of as if he were their shepherd who puts his flock in a place where there is plenty of land, food, and water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## pastures ## +# pastures land that has grass and small plants that sheep and goats can eat -## settlement ## +# settlement -a place where people live. Usually they live in houses in a settlement. AT: "village" \ No newline at end of file +This is a place where people live. Usually they live in houses in a settlement. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/14.md b/ezk/34/14.md index dea5190539..4a7037a83f 100644 --- a/ezk/34/14.md +++ b/ezk/34/14.md @@ -1,45 +1,47 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. -## their grazing places ## +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. Here he speaks of himself as their shepherd who will take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their grazing places "places where they can eat" -## abundant pastures ## +# abundant pastures -lands that have a lot of grass and plants +"lands that have a lot of grass and plants to eat" -## graze ## +# graze eat grass and other plants -## I myself ## +# I myself -The word "myself" adds emphasis. God would do this because the shepherds were not doing it right. +The word "myself" adds emphasis. God would do this because the shepherds were not doing it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## will shepherd ## +# will shepherd "will feed and take care of" -## will make them lie down ## +# will make them lie down "will let them lie down" -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# the lost -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +The words "the sheep or goats" are left out of this phrase, but they are intended to be understood. AT: "the sheep or goats that are lost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## the lost ## +# restore the outcast -"those that are lost." AT: "any sheep or goats that are lost" +"bring back those that others have chased away" -## restore the outcast ## - -AT: "bring back those that have been chased away" - -## bind up the broken sheep ## +# bind up the broken sheep "wrap a cloth around any sheep's broken bone" or "wrap a cloth around any sheep's wound" -## will annihilate ## +# the fat and the strong -"will kill" or "will destroy" \ No newline at end of file +The word "sheep" is understood. AT: "the fat sheep and the strong sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/17.md b/ezk/34/17.md index eff984b209..67b7e53eb3 100644 --- a/ezk/34/17.md +++ b/ezk/34/17.md @@ -1,37 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues to giving Ezekiel his message. Now it is to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel his message. Now it is to the people of Israel. -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:10](../03/10.md). +# General Information: -## Behold ## +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed.” +# this is what the Lord Yahweh says -## I will be a judge among sheep ## +This can be stated in first person. AT: "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -"I will judge the sheep, rams, and goats" +# behold -## rams, and goats ## +The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "indeed" + +# I will be a judge between sheep and sheep + +"I will judge between one sheep and another" + +# rams and male goats The male sheep and goats are usually the strongest in the flock and can get whatever they want from the other animals in the flock. -## Is it a small thing ## +# Is it not enough ... feet -This is the beginning of a question that God uses to scold the stronger ones because they are unkind to weaker ones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Is it a small thing to be shepherded on the good pasture ## - -AT: "Is it not enough for you that you graze in the good pasture" - -## trample down what is left of the pasture ## - -AT: "walk all over the grass and ruin it" - -## But my sheep are now being shepherded where you have trampled with your feet ## - -"But my flock grazes on the pasture that you have trampled down with your feet" - -## they are now drinking the waters that you have muddied with your feet ## - -"they drink the water that you made dirty with your feet" \ No newline at end of file +God uses these questions to scold Israel's leaders, who are spoken of as if they were the stronger animals in the flock that were unkind to the weaker ones. You can translate this as a statement as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/20.md b/ezk/34/20.md index e796c1e5da..3fd365a920 100644 --- a/ezk/34/20.md +++ b/ezk/34/20.md @@ -1,35 +1,47 @@ -## thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:10](../03/10.md). +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Behold ## +# the Lord Yahweh says this -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed.” +This can be stated in first person. AT: "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## I myself ## +# to them -The word "myself" emphasizes that it is Yahweh who will judge. +"to my flock" -## will judge between the fat sheep and the thin ones ## +# Behold! -"will makes sure that the fat sheep and goats and the skinny sheep and goats are treating each other fairly" +The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed!" -## for you ## +# I myself -The word "you" refers to sheep and goats that were not treating other sheep and goats well. +The word "myself" emphasizes that it is Yahweh who will judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## with your sides ## +# will judge between the fat sheep and the thin ones + +"will make sure that the fat sheep and goats and the skinny sheep and goats are treating each other fairly" + +# the fat sheep and the thin ones + +The leaders and strong people in Israel are spoken of as if they were fat and strong animals in the flock. The poor and weak people in Israel are spoken of as if they were the thin and weak animals in the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for you + +The word "you" refers to the sheep and goats that were not treating other sheep and goats well. + +# with your sides "with the sides of your body" -## have gored ## +# have gored Possible meanings are 1) "have pushed" or "have shoved" 2) "have stabbed" or "have pierced" -## scattered them ## +# scattered them "made them go in many different directions" -## away from the land ## +# away from the land "away from the land of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/22.md b/ezk/34/22.md index 5f4e60e98d..97beb84915 100644 --- a/ezk/34/22.md +++ b/ezk/34/22.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## plunder ## +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will no longer be plunder + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not allow anyone to plunder them" or "I will not allow anyone to steal them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# plunder "things that are stolen." The shepherds and wild animals have been stealing the sheep and the goats from Yahweh's flock. -## I will judge between the sheep ## +# I will set over them one shepherd -See how you translated "I will be a judge among sheep" in [Ezekiel 34:17](./17.md). +The phrase "set over" is an idiom that means to cause a person to rule someone else. AT: "I will assign one shepherd to be in charge of my sheep and the goats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I will raise up one shepherd over them ## +# my servant David -"I will assign one shepherd to be in charge of my sheep and the goats" +Here "David" refers to a descendant of David. AT: "a descendant of my servant David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## my servant David ## +# He will shepherd them -Yahweh said "David" to refer to a descendent of David. AT: "a descendent of my servant David." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The descendant of David who will be king over the people of Israel is spoken of as if he would be their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will be their God ## +# will be a prince among them -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). - -## will be a chief in their midst ## - -"will be their ruler" - -## I, Yahweh, have declared this ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:15](../05/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +"will be their ruler" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/25.md b/ezk/34/25.md index 2a863b7940..4c64088e5d 100644 --- a/ezk/34/25.md +++ b/ezk/34/25.md @@ -1,33 +1,55 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. -## a covenant of peace ## +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a covenant of peace "a covenant that brings peace" -## the evil wild animals ## +# the evil wild animals These are wild animals that could kill the sheep and the goats. -## in due season ## +# I will also bring blessings on them and on the places around my hill + +Some versions of the Bible translate this as "I will also turn them and the places around my hill into a blessing." + +# my hill + +This refers to Mount Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will send out showers + +"I will cause it to rain" + +# in due season "at the right time" -## These will be showers of blessing ## +# These will be showers of blessing -"This rain will be given as a blessing" +"This rain will be a blessing" -## the earth will yield its produce ## +# the earth will yield its produce -"the earth will grow food" AT: Food will grow on the earth +"the earth will grow food" or "food will grow on the earth" -## will be secure ## +# will be secure "will be safe" -## know that I am Yahweh ## +# know that I am Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## bars of their yoke ## +# when I break the bars of their yoke -"the bars that hold their yoke together" \ No newline at end of file +Slavery is spoken of as if it were a yoke that people wear like some animals. AT: "when I free them from being slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the hand of those who enslaved them + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "from the control of those who made them slaves" or "from those who made them slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/28.md b/ezk/34/28.md index aac244ae90..02a06abf66 100644 --- a/ezk/34/28.md +++ b/ezk/34/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. -## plunder ## +# They will no longer be plunder for the nations -See how you translated "plunder" in [Ezekiel 7:20](../07/20.md). +Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. AT: "The people of the nations will no longer steal from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a peaceful planting place ## +# plunder -Possible meanings are 1) "a garden where they can be in peace" or 2) "a garden that will be famous" +These are things that are stolen or taken by force. See how you translated "plunder" in [Ezekiel 7:21](../07/20.md). -## starve with hunger ## +# a peaceful planting place for them -AT: "starve " or "starve because of lack of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"a peaceful place for them to plant crops" + +# be starved with hunger + +"be starved" or "be starving because of lack of food" + +# the nations will not bring insults against them + +Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. The abstract noun "insults" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the people of the nations will no longer insult them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/30.md b/ezk/34/30.md index e8fa659de3..cb488a7665 100644 --- a/ezk/34/30.md +++ b/ezk/34/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## I, Yahweh their God, am with them ## +# I, Yahweh their God, am with them -AT: "I, Yahweh their God, am helping them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "I ... am with them" is an idiom that means Yahweh helps them. AT: "I, Yahweh their God, am helping them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## They are my people ## +# with them. They are my people -AT: "and that they are my people" +This can be stated as one sentence. AT: "with them, and that they are my people" -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# the house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +Here "house" represents people. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will be your God ## +# For you are my sheep, the flock of my pasture -AT: "I am your God" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and Yahweh is their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/intro.md b/ezk/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..54fc7219c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ezekiel 34 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God protects the people ##### + +God is against those who exploit others. He will protect and take care of his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The people of Israel are compared to sheep and God and the son of David as good shepherds. This is a common metaphor in scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/01.md b/ezk/35/01.md index 208502efbb..0b94b7bbfa 100644 --- a/ezk/35/01.md +++ b/ezk/35/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,43 @@ -## the Word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir, but the message is for all of the people of Edom. -## Son of man ## +# the word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## set your face against ## +# Son of man -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md). +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## Mount Seir ## +# set your face against Mount Seir -"the mountain of Seir." - This refers to the people who lived in Edom because Edom had a lot of mountains. AT: "the people living near Mount Seir in Edom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Mount Seir was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but Yahweh commands him to stare in that direction as a symbol of harming the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/01.md). AT: "turn toward Mount Seir and stare" or "stare toward Mount Seir so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## to it ## +# Mount Seir and prophesy against it + +"the mountain of Seir." Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Mount Seir as if it could hear him. The message is for all of the people of Edom. AT: "Mount Seir and prophesy against it because of what the people of Edom have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# to it "to the mountain" or "to the people of Edom" -## Behold ## +# Behold! I am against you, Mount Seir, and I will strike you with my hand and make you a desolation and a horror -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed.” +Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Mount Seir as if it could hear him. The message is for all of the people of Edom. AT: "Listen, Mount Seir, I will strike you with my hand and make you a desolation and a horror because of what your people did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## I am against you ## +# Behold! -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:1](../21/01.md). +The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Listen!" or "Indeed!" -## I will strike you with my hand ## +# I am against you -AT: "I have stretched out my hand over you." This means "I am about to attack you." +"I am your enemy" or "I oppose you" -## a desolation and a horror ## +# I will strike you with my hand -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 33:27](../33/27.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" represents power. AT: "I will use my power to strike you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# make you a desolation and a horror + +The abstract nouns "desolation" and "horror" can be translated as adjectives." AT: "make you desolate and ruined" or "make you a desolate wasteland" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/04.md b/ezk/35/04.md index 1c4a288012..166da9edcd 100644 --- a/ezk/35/04.md +++ b/ezk/35/04.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -This continues Yahweh's message to the people of Mount Seir. +# General Information: -## will know that I am Yahweh ## +This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). +# know that I am Yahweh -## you poured them out into the hands of the sword ## +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Possible meanings are 1) "you gave them over to their enemies who killed them with swords" or 2) "you killed them with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# you poured them out into the hands of the sword -## at the time of their distress ## +Possible meanings of this metaphor are 1) "you gave them over to their enemies who killed them with swords" or 2) "you killed them with swords." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"at the time when they were in a disaster" +# at the time of their distress -## as I live ## +"at a time of disaster" -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +# as I live -## this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +"as surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -## I will prepare you for bloodshed ## +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -"I will prepare you to lose your blood." This refers to being wounded or killed. AT: "I will allow your enemies to brutally kill many of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# I will prepare you for bloodshed -## bloodshed will chase after you ## +Here "bloodshed" is a metonym for killing. AT: "I will make it easy for your enemies to kill many of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Yahweh presents bloodshed as a person who could chase them. AT: "your enemies will continue to slaughter you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# bloodshed will pursue you -## Since you did not hate bloodshed ## +Here "bloodshed" is a metonym for killing. Yahweh speaks of bloodshed as if it were a person who could chase them. AT: "your enemies will chase you down and kill you you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -AT: "Since you did hate it when other people were killed brutally." \ No newline at end of file +# Since you did not hate bloodshed + +Here "bloodshed" is a metonym for killing. AT: "Since you did not hate it when enemies brutally killed the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/07.md b/ezk/35/07.md index c181c8c682..bfde044dba 100644 --- a/ezk/35/07.md +++ b/ezk/35/07.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -This continues Yahweh's message to the people of Mount Seir. +# General Information: -## a desolation–a desolation ## +This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. -a desolation** - AT: "absolutely desolate" or "completely desolate" +# when I cut off from it anyone who passes through and returns again -## when I cut off from it anyone who passes through and returns again ## +Possible meanings are 1) "cut off" is a metaphor that means to destroy. AT: "I will destroy anyone who enters it or leaves it" or 2) "cut off" is a metaphor that means to stop someone from doing something. AT: "I will make it so that people do not travel back and forth through it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Possible meanings are 1) I will destroy anyone who enters it or leaves it" (UDB) or 2) "I will make it so that people do not travel back and forth through it." +# with its dead -## killed by the sword ## +The nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "with dead people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:17](../31/17.md). +# those killed by the sword -## a perpetual desolation ## +Here "sword" represents enemies who fought them in battle. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:17](../31/17.md). AT: "those whom enemies have killed with swords" or "those who have died in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"desolate forever" +# a perpetual desolation -## Your cities will not be inhabited ## +"desolate forever." This may be an exaggeration to emphasize the destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -AT: "People will not live in your cities." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Your cities will not be inhabited -## will know that I am Yahweh ## +This can be stated in active form. This may be an exaggeration for emphasis. AT: "People will not live in your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +# but you will know + +Here "you" is plural. God is speaking to the people of Mount Seir, rather than to a single mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/10.md b/ezk/35/10.md index 8fc9a47411..5cb358229d 100644 --- a/ezk/35/10.md +++ b/ezk/35/10.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -This continues Yahweh's message to the people of Mount Seir. +# General Information: -## You have said ## +This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. -The word "You" is refers to the mountain of Seir which represents the nation of Edom. +# You have said -## and we ## +The word "You" refers to the mountain of Seir. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountain as if it can hear him. The message is for the people of Edom. AT: "Your people said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# these two lands + +"the lands of Israel and Judah" + +# will become mine + +The word "mine" can be stated in plural form. AT: "will become ours" + +# we The word "we" refers to the people of Edom. -## when Yahweh was present with them ## +# even when Yahweh was present with them -AT: "but Yahweh was there" or "but Yahweh was there in Israel and Judah." "but Yahweh was there protecting Israel and Judah." It is implied that Yahweh was protecting Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It is implied that Yahweh was protecting Israel and Judah. AT: "but Yahweh was there protecting Israel and Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## as I live ## +# I will do according to your anger and according to your jealousy -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). - -## this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). - -## I will do according to your anger and according to your jealousy ## - -Possible meanings are 1) "I will punish you because of your anger and jealousy" or 2) "I will will do things to you with anger like your anger and with jealousy like your jealousy." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "I will punish you because of your anger and jealousy" or 2) "just as you acted against the people of Israel with anger and jealousy, I will act against you with anger and jealousy." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/12.md b/ezk/35/12.md index 479e31ae9e..7fd6172f62 100644 --- a/ezk/35/12.md +++ b/ezk/35/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -This continues Yahweh's message to the people of Mount Seir. +# General Information: -## will know that I am Yahweh ## +This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). +# against the mountains of Israel -## I have heard all of your contempt ## +Here "mountains" represents the whole land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "I have heard all of your mocking words" or "I have heard you mock Israel when" +# They have been destroyed -## They have been given for us to devour ## +This phrase can be stated in active form. AT: "They are in ruins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "The mountains of Israel are for us to devour" or "They are here for us to take control of them" or "We can take whatever we want from them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# they have been given over to us to devour -## I heard you when you boasted against me with your mouth ## - -AT: "So you spoke as though you were more powerful than I am." \ No newline at end of file +The people of Mount Seir taking the land of Israel and using it for themselves is spoken of as if they were wild animals that would devour the mountains of Israel. AT: "they are here for us to devour" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/14.md b/ezk/35/14.md index 70399b0332..fef2fa51e3 100644 --- a/ezk/35/14.md +++ b/ezk/35/14.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -This continues Yahweh's message to the people of Mount Seir. +# General Information: -## The Lord Yahweh says this ## +This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:10](../03/10.md). +# The Lord Yahweh says this -## you a desolation ## +This can be stated in first person. AT: "This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -The word "you" refers to "the mountain of Seir," which represents the land of Edom. AT: "I will make your land desolate." +# I will make you a desolation -## I will do the same to you ## +Here "you" refers to Mount Seir, but the message is for the people of Edom. The abstract noun "desolation" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "Because of what your people did I will make you desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -Possible meanings are 1) I will make your land desolate" or 2) "I will rejoice when your land is desolate" or 3) "I will make other people rejoice because of your desolation" +# the entire earth rejoices -## Mount Seir ## +Here "earth" represents the people of the earth. The word "entire" is a generalization that refers only to people near Mount Seir. AT: "people who know that I have destroyed you rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 35:1](./01.md). +# As you rejoiced over the inheritance of the people of Israel because of its desolation -## Then they will know ## +This speaks of the land that Yahweh gave to the Israelites as their inheritance. AT: "As you rejoiced when I made the land of the Israelites desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The word "they" possibly refers to 1) "the people of the earth" or 2) "the people of Israel and Judah." +# I will do the same to you -## will know that I am Yahweh ## +Possible meanings are 1) I will make your land desolate" or 2) "I will rejoice when your land is desolate" or 3) "I will make other people rejoice because of your desolation." -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +# You will become a desolation, Mount Seir, and all of Edom + +Yahweh continues telling Ezekiel to speak to Mount Seir as if it could hear him. The message is for the people of Edom. AT: "I will make you, Mount Seir, and all of Edom desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Then they will know + +The word "they" possibly refers to 1) "the people of the earth" or 2) "the people of Israel and Judah." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/intro.md b/ezk/35/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..af002ff270 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/35/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 35 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Edom ##### + +Because the people of Edom rejoiced at the destruction of Israel, they too will be destroyed. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/01.md b/ezk/36/01.md index 3ef699ef44..4acd25bfbc 100644 --- a/ezk/36/01.md +++ b/ezk/36/01.md @@ -1,37 +1,35 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. Now his message is to the mountains of Israel. +# General Information: -## Son of man ## +Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountains of Israel, but the message is for all of the people of Israel. -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +# son of man -## prophesy to the mountains of Israel ## +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" -God wants Ezekiel to speak to the mountains as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# prophesy to the mountains of Israel -## the Lord Yahweh ## +God wants Ezekiel to speak to the mountains as if they were people. The message is for the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). - -## Aha ## +# Aha This is an expression of joy. It can be translated as "I am very happy" or "This is great." -## The ancient high places ## +# The ancient high places -This refers to the high mountains of Israel. AT: "The very old mountains." +"The very old mountains." This refers to the high mountains of Israel. -## have become our possession ## +# have become our possession "now belong to us" -## Because of your desolation ## +# Because of your desolation -AT: "Because you mountains have become desolate" +The abstract noun "desolation" can be stated as "desolate." AT: "Because you, mountains of Israel, have become desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## because of the attacks that came on you from all sides ## +# because of the attacks that came on you from all sides "because you were attacked from every direction" or "because your enemies attacked you from every direction" -## you have been the subject of slanderous lips and tongues, and of people's stories ## +# you have been the subject of slanderous lips and tongues, and of people's stories -AT: "People are saying bad things about you, and the nations are telling bad stories about you" \ No newline at end of file +Here, "lips" and "tongues" represent people speaking. AT: "people are saying bad things about you, and the nations are telling bad stories about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/04.md b/ezk/36/04.md index 0f45499f44..03613e0ecc 100644 --- a/ezk/36/04.md +++ b/ezk/36/04.md @@ -1,53 +1,51 @@ -This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. +# General Information: -## listen to the word of the Lord Yahweh ## +This continues the message that Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to the mountains of Israel. The message is for all of the people of Israel. -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:1](../06/01.md). +# General Information: -## the uninhabited desolations ## +It may be helpful to use a verse bridge here, as the UDB does, to arrange the text in a more logical order. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -"the desolate cities which have no people living in them" +# listen to the word of the Lord Yahweh -## the forsaken cities ## +"listen to the message of the Lord Yahweh" -AT: "the cities that people have left behind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# the uninhabited desolations -## that have become plunder ## +The abstract noun "desolations" can be stated as "desolate cities." AT: "the desolate cities which have no people living in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -AT: "that enemies have stolen from" +# the forsaken cities -## a subject of mocking for the other nations that surround them ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the cities that people have left behind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "that the other nations mock" +# that have become plunder -## in the fire of my fury ## +"that enemies have stolen from" -AT: "because of my intense jealousy" or "because of my very strong anger." Yahweh loves Israel very much, so he becomes jealous and angry when other nations mock her. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]]) +# a subject of mocking for the other nations that surround them -## against Edom and all ## +"that the other, surrounding nations mock" -AT: "and against all of Edom" +# in the fire of my fury -## against all those who had joy in their heart ## +This speaks of Yahweh's fury as if it were a fire. Yahweh loves Israel very much, so he becomes jealous and angry when other nations mock it. AT: "because of my intense jealousy" or "because of my very strong anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "with joy in their heart" or "with joy" or "while being very happy" +# against Edom and all -## disdain in their spirit ## +"and against all of Edom" -AT "disdain in their spirit for Israel" or "while despising Israel." It is implied that their disdain is for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] +# had both joy in their heart and disdain in their spirit, as they seized my land -## for the sake of its pasture ## +Here "heart" and "spirit" represent a person's inner being. The UDB reverses the order of these phrases. AT: "insulted my people and joyfully took my land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "because they wanted the pastures in it." +# Behold! -## Behold ## +The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed!" -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed.” +# In my fury and in my anger -## In my fury and in my anger ## +The words "fury" and "anger" mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of his anger. AT: "Because I am extremely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -AT: "Because I am jealous and angry" - -## you have borne the insults of nations ## +# you have borne the insults of nations "other nations have insulted you" or "other nations have mocked you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/07.md b/ezk/36/07.md index 86335fef87..99193248e0 100644 --- a/ezk/36/07.md +++ b/ezk/36/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. +# General Information: -## I will lift up my hand to swear ## +This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel. -AT: "I lift up my hand and swear" or "I have sworn." Lifting up the hand shows that he will truly do what he has sworn. +# I myself will lift up my hand to swear -## that the nations that surround you will certainly carry their own shame ## +Here "lift up my hand" is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -AT: "that people will certainly mock the nations that surround you" +# that the nations that surround you will certainly carry their own shame -## surround you ## +The people experiencing shame are spoken of as if they will carry their shame. AT: "that people will certainly mock the nations that surround you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# surround you The word "you" refers to the mountains of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/08.md b/ezk/36/08.md index 51df555f73..7a562098d6 100644 --- a/ezk/36/08.md +++ b/ezk/36/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. +# General Information: -## you will grow branches and bear fruit ## +This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel. -AT: "your trees will grow will grow branches and bear fruit." +# you will grow branches and bear fruit -## Behold ## +Here "you" refers to the mountain of Israel which here represents the trees on the mountain that will grow fruit. AT: "your trees will grow branches and bear fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +# behold -## I am for you ## +The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "indeed" + +# I am for you "I want to do good things to you." The word "you" refers to the mountains of Israel. -## and I treat you with favor ## +# I treat you with favor -"I will be kind to you" (UDB) +"I will be kind to you" -## you will be plowed and sown with seed ## +# you will be plowed and sown with seed -AT: "My people, Israel, will plow your ground and sow it with seed." To plow means to cut rows in the ground in order to plant seeds in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my people, Israel, will plow your ground and sow it with seed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/10.md b/ezk/36/10.md index 963571c067..5972c0911a 100644 --- a/ezk/36/10.md +++ b/ezk/36/10.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. +# General Information: -## the house of Israel ## +This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel. -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +# So I will multiply upon you -## Then the cities will be inhabited and the desolations rebuilt ## +Yahweh is speaking to the mountains. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "So, mountains of Israel, I will multiply upon you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "Then people will live in the cities and will rebuild the ruins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# even the whole house of Israel -## they will multiply and be fruitful ## +Here "house" represents people. AT: "all of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"they will become very many people and have very many children" +# The cities will be inhabited and the ruins rebuilt -## you to be inhabited as you previously were ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then people will live in the cities and will rebuild the ruins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"people to live on you mountains as they did before" +# they will multiply and be fruitful -## will know that I am Yahweh ## +Here "be fruitful" is an idiom that means to have many children and descendants. AT: "they will become very many people and have very many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). +# you to be inhabited as you previously were -## will possess you ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people to live on you mountains as they did before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -The word "you" is singular and refers to "the land of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) +# know that I am Yahweh -## you will no longer cause their children to die ## +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They will possess you, and you will be their inheritance + +The people living in the mountains and land of Israel permanently is spoke of as if the people would inherit them. AT: "They will possess you permanently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will no longer cause their children to die It is implied that in the past children died because there was not enough food in the land. Now the land would produce enough food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/13.md b/ezk/36/13.md index 17f410130f..75bc9bf341 100644 --- a/ezk/36/13.md +++ b/ezk/36/13.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. +# General Information: -## they are saying to you ## +This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. The message is meant for the people of Israel. + +# they are saying to you "other nations are saying to you mountains" -## You devour people ## +# You devour people -"You cause many people to die" +Not enough food growing in Israel so that people die is spoken of as if the mountains of Israel were devouring the people. AT: "You cause many people to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your nation's children have died ## +# your nation's children have died -"you cause your people's children to die." It is implied that the mountains do this by not growing good crops. This can be made explicit as in the UDB. See ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"you cause your people's children to die." It is implied that the mountains do this by not growing good crops. This can be made explicit as in the UDB. See (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# you will not consume people any longer -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +Not enough food growing in Israel so that people die is spoken of as if the mountains of Israel were consuming the people. AT: "you will no longer cause the people to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Nor will I allow you to hear the insults of the nations any longer ## +# This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -AT: "I will no longer allow the other nations to insult you." +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "This is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## you will no longer have to bear the shame of the peoples ## +# Nor will I allow you to hear the insults of the nations any longer -"the peoples will no longer cause you to feel ashamed" +This speaks of the mountains as if they were able to hear when people insult them. AT: "I will no longer allow the other nations to insult you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## or cause your nation to fall ## +# you will no longer have to bear the shame of the peoples -"and you mountains make your nation suffer defeat" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Experiencing shame is spoken of as if the mountains could bear shame. AT: "the peoples will no longer cause you to feel ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# or cause your nation to fall + +Here "to fall" is an idiom that means to be defeated in battle. AT: "or cause your people to suffer defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/16.md b/ezk/36/16.md index aba5e6f282..384ad9f5bc 100644 --- a/ezk/36/16.md +++ b/ezk/36/16.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## the Word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# the word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Son of man ## +# Son of man -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## the house of Israel ## +# the house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +Here "house" represents people. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## with their ways and deeds ## +# with their ways and their deeds "by the way they lived and the things they did" -## Their ways were like the unclean menstruation of a woman before me ## +# Their ways were like the unclean menstruation of a woman before me -"Their ways were as disgusting to me as the unclean menstruation of a woman" +This compares how the people behaved to a woman's unclean menstruation rags. This emphasizes how disgusting their behaviors were to Yahweh. AT: "Their ways were as disgusting to me as the unclean menstruation of a woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## menstruation of a woman ## +# menstruation of a woman the blood that comes out of a woman every month when she is not pregnant -## I poured out my fury against them ## +# I poured out my fury against them -"I did things to them that showed how angry I was." +Yahweh punishing people because he is angry is spoken of as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out. AT: "I did things to them that showed how angry I was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for the blood that they poured out on the land ## +# for the blood that they poured out on the land -AT: "because they made the blood of many people spill onto the land" or "because they murdered many people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom that refers to killing someone. AT: "because they made the blood of many people spill onto the land" or "because they murdered many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and for their pollution of it by their idols ## +# for their pollution of it by their idols -"and because they defiled the land with their idols" \ No newline at end of file +The people worshiping idols is spoken of as if the idols made the land physically dirty. AT: "because they defiled the land with their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/19.md b/ezk/36/19.md index 363f148613..447d927d4a 100644 --- a/ezk/36/19.md +++ b/ezk/36/19.md @@ -1,25 +1,47 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about Israel. -## I scattered them among the nations ## +# I scattered them among the nations; they were dispersed through the lands -"I sent the people of Israel into many different nations" +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/14.md). AT: "I caused them to separate and live in separate lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## they were dispersed through the lands ## +# they were dispersed through the lands -AT: "I spread them out in other lands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I dispersed them through the lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## when people ## +# their ways and their deeds + +Here "ways" and "deeds" mean basically the same thing. AT: "the things that they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they profaned my holy name + +Here "name" represents Yahweh and his reputation. AT: "they mocked me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when people "because other people said" -## his land ## +# Are these really the people of Yahweh? + +The people use a question to express their surprise at what they saw. AT: "I cannot believe these are really the people of Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For they have been thrown out of his land + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For Yahweh has forced them out of his land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his land This refers to the land of Israel. -## I had compassion for my holy name ## +# But I had compassion for my holy name that the house of Israel had defiled among the nations, when they went there -"I cared about my holy name." AT: "I wanted people to know that I am holy." +Here "name" represents Yahweh and his reputation. AT: "When the house of Israel went among the nations, they caused me disgrace, but I wanted people to know that I am holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the house of Israel ## +# I had compassion for my holy name -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +"I cared about my holy name" + +# the house of Israel + +Here "house" represents people. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/22.md b/ezk/36/22.md index 490e7f0035..d8f3757a8e 100644 --- a/ezk/36/22.md +++ b/ezk/36/22.md @@ -1,29 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel, and he gives him a message to Israel. -## the house of Israel ## +# the house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +Here "house" represents people. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for your sake ## +# for your sake -AT: "because of you" or "in order to help you" +"because of you" or "in order to help you" -## but for my holy name ## +# but for my holy name, which you have profaned among the nations everywhere you have gone -AT: "so that people will know that I am holy" or "so that people will honor me as holy" +Here "name" represents Yahweh and his reputation. AT: "but so that the people of the nations, who mock me because of you, will know that I am holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## everywhere you profaned it in their midst ## +# you have profaned among the nations everywhere you have gone -“among every nation in which you profaned it" - -## will know that I am Yahweh ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). - -## this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). - -## when I am treated as holy among you before their eyes ## - -AT: "when I use you to make them realize that I am holy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"you have caused the people of the nations to mock everywhere you have gone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/24.md b/ezk/36/24.md index 16d3174db0..a4d51ea3d0 100644 --- a/ezk/36/24.md +++ b/ezk/36/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -## sprinkle pure water ## +# I will sprinkle pure water on you so you will be purified from all of your impurities, and I will purify you from all of your idols -"make pure water drip on you" or "throw pure water" +Yahweh forgiving the people and causing them to no longer sin is spoken of as if he would cleanse them with water. The phrase "you will be purified" can be stated in active form. AT: "I will purify you as if I were sprinkling you with pure water, and I will cause you to stop worshiping idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## all of your impurities ## +# all of your impurities "all the things that made you unclean" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/26.md b/ezk/36/26.md index feb03bc79f..1c97ab7c79 100644 --- a/ezk/36/26.md +++ b/ezk/36/26.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -## a new heart and a new spirit ## +# I will give you a new heart and a new spirit in your innermost parts, and I will take away the heart of stone from your flesh. For I will give you a heart of flesh -See how you translated "heart" and "spirit" in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). +Yahweh causing the people to no longer be stubborn but to love and serve Yahweh is spoken of as if he will take away their old heart and give them a new heart and spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in your innermost parts ## +# a new heart and a new spirit + +Here "heart" and "spirit" represent a person's thoughts, attitudes, and emotions. See how you translated "heart" and "spirit" in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). + +# in your innermost parts "within you" or "inside of you" -## the heart of stone ## +# the heart of stone -This compares the people's stubborn hearts to hard stone. AT: "the heart that is as hard as stone." See how you translated "stone heart" in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of people being stubborn as if their hearts were made of stone. See how you translated "stone heart" in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). AT: "the heart that is as hard as stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your flesh ## +# your flesh "your body" -## a heart of flesh ## +# a heart of flesh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). This is a heart that is not stubborn, but is willing to obey God. +People being willing to serve Yahweh is spoken of as if their hearts were soft like flesh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). AT: "a heart that is soft like flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## walk in my statutes ## +# enable you to walk in my statutes -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). - -## keep my decrees, so you will do them ## - -See how you translated "will carry out my decrees and do them" in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). - -## my people ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). \ No newline at end of file +A person acting or behaving in a certain way is spoken of is if it were a person walking. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:20](../11/19.md). AT: "enable you to obey my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/29.md b/ezk/36/29.md index ad78708076..b61807d41f 100644 --- a/ezk/36/29.md +++ b/ezk/36/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -## I will summon the grain ## +# For I will save you from all of your uncleanness -"I will call the grain to come." This phrase presents the grain as a servant of Yahweh. AT: "will cause there to be grain in the land of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Something that is unacceptable to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. AT: "For I will save you from everything that made me reject you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you will no longer bear the shame of famine among the nations ## +# I will summon the grain -"the nations will no longer make you feel ashamed because you suffer from famine" +"I will call the grain to come." This phrase presents the grain as a servant of Yahweh. AT: "I will cause there to be grain in the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## disgusting deeds ## +# I will no longer put famine upon you -See how you translated "disgusting actions" in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh causing a famine in the land is spoken of as if he put famine on the people. AT: "I will no longer cause there to be a famine" or "I will no longer cause there to be no food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will no longer bear the shame of famine among the nations + +Experiencing shame is spoken of as if the people had to carry the shame. AT: "the nations will no longer make you feel ashamed because you suffer from famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/32.md b/ezk/36/32.md index cee8d070f7..faf716c9e2 100644 --- a/ezk/36/32.md +++ b/ezk/36/32.md @@ -1,37 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -## for your sake ## +# for your sake "for you" -## this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Let this be known to you ## +# let this be known to you -AT: "Know this" or "You can be sure of this." Yahweh says this to emphasize that it is not because the people are good that he will restore them. This phrase can be moved to the beginning of the verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"know this" or "you can be sure of this." Yahweh says this to emphasize that it is not because the people are good that he will restore them. This phrase can be moved to the beginning of the verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## So be ashamed and disgraced ## +# So be ashamed and disgraced -The words "ashamed" and "disgraced" mean the same thing. AT: "So be very ashamed." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "ashamed" and "disgraced" share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the intensity of the shame. AT: "So be very ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## in your ways ## +# because of your ways -"because of your ways" of "because of what you do" +"because of what you do" -## house of Israel ## +# house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +Here "house" represents people. AT: "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). - -## you will plow the ruined land ## +# you will plow the ruined land "you will farm the ruined land" -## before the eyes of all who pass by ## +# before the eyes of all who pass by -AT: "and all who travel in the land will see it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The eyes represent sight. AT: "to those who pass by and see it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/35.md b/ezk/36/35.md index d272f4ca10..9236aa7508 100644 --- a/ezk/36/35.md +++ b/ezk/36/35.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. -## Then they ## +# Then they The word "they" refers to the people who walk through the land of Israel. -## the uninhabited ruins ## +# the uninhabited ruins "the ruins that no one lived in" -## that were inaccessible ## +# that were torn down -Possible meanings are 1) "that people could not get into" or 2) "that enemies had torn down." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "that enemies had torn down" or 2) AT: "that people could not get into." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## will know that I am Yahweh ## +# are now fortified and inhabited -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people have now rebuilt them and have started living there again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that I built up the ruins ## +# that I built up the ruins "and that I built up the cities that enemies had torn down" -## replanted the abandoned places ## +# replanted the abandoned places "planted crops in the desolate land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/37.md b/ezk/36/37.md index 395c4e5970..4f7d0e5191 100644 --- a/ezk/36/37.md +++ b/ezk/36/37.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## I will show myself to the house of Israel when I do this for them ## +# I will be asked by the house of Israel -Possible meanings are 1) "I will let Israel know me when I do this for them" 2) "I will let Israel ask me to do this for them" +Here "house" represents people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Israel will ask me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## when I multiply their population like sheep ## +# to increase them like a flock of people -"I will make them multiply like a flock of sheep." Sheep multiply very quickly. AT: "I will make the people multiply quickly like sheep." ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh causing the people to multiply greatly and quickly is spoken of as if they were a flock of sheep. Sheep multiply very quickly. AT: "to make them multiply like a flock of sheep" or "to make the people multiply quickly like sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will know that I am Yahweh ## +# Like the flock is set apart for sacrifices, like the flock in Jerusalem at her appointed feasts -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "is set apart" can be stated in active form. AT: "Like the great number of sheep that the people set apart for sacrifices or bring to Jerusalem for the appointed feasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so will the ruined cities be filled with flocks of people + +This speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so will the great number of people be who will be living in the cities that are now ruined but the people will rebuild" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/intro.md b/ezk/36/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e48b062ddc --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/36/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Ezekiel 36 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel restored ##### + +Israel is promised to be restored by Yahweh. Because of his honor, God will bring Israel back to their land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +##### New hearts ##### + +God will forgive Israel's sin and give them the desire to obey him. This is expressed by the metonym "heart." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../35/intro.md) | [>>](../37/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/01.md b/ezk/37/01.md index 3fda68bde7..8b713d5d68 100644 --- a/ezk/37/01.md +++ b/ezk/37/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Ezekiel is speaking +# General Information: -## The hand of Yahweh came on me ## +Ezekiel is speaking. -See how you translated "the hand of Yahweh came upon him" in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). +# The hand of Yahweh was upon me -## in the midst ## +The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that other person. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "Yahweh was controlling me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "in the middle" +# in the midst -## round and round ## +"in the middle" -AT: "in every direction" +# round and round -## Behold ## +"in every direction" -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +# Behold! -## Son of man ## +The word "Behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +# Son of man + +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/04.md b/ezk/37/04.md index 4813679855..9fa5be1940 100644 --- a/ezk/37/04.md +++ b/ezk/37/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel. -## Listen to the word of Yahweh ## +# Listen to the word of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 13:1](../13/01.md). +"Listen to Yahweh's message" -## Behold ## +# Behold -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## sinews ## +# to put breath into you -the parts of human bodies that are like hard strings and hold the bones and muscles together +The noun "breath" can be stated as the verb "breathe." AT: "I will cause you to breathe" -## set breath within ## +# breath -AT: "put breath in" +The Hebrew word translated as "breath" in these verses is translated as "spirit" by a few modern versions. It is also translated as "wind" in [Ezekiel 37:9](./09.md). -## spirit ... breath ## +# sinews -A single Hebrew word is translated as 'breath' and 'spirit' in these verses. The same word is translated as 'wind' in [Ezekiel 37:9](./09.md). +the tissue that connects muscles to bones -## will know that I am Yahweh ## +# know that I am Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/07.md b/ezk/37/07.md index 61fd3b9aa5..0a9278728e 100644 --- a/ezk/37/07.md +++ b/ezk/37/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Ezekiel is speaking +# General Information: -## as I was commanded ## +Ezekiel is speaking. -AT: "as Yahweh had commanded me to speak." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# as I was commanded -## Behold ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh had commanded me to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. +# behold -## sinews ## +The word "behold" here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 37:4](./04.md). +# sinews -## But there was still no life in them ## +This refers to the parts of human bodies that are like hard strings and hold the bones and muscles together. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 37:6](./04.md). -AT: "But they were not alive" or "but they were not breathing." \ No newline at end of file +# But there was still no breath in them + +The noun "breath" can be stated as the verb "breathing." AT: "But they were not breathing" or "But they were not alive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/09.md b/ezk/37/09.md index db1a5ae879..ff08039076 100644 --- a/ezk/37/09.md +++ b/ezk/37/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Son of man ## +# the breath -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +Possible meanings are: 1) "breath" or 2) "spirit" or 3) "wind." -## the wind ## +# from the four winds -Possible meanings are: 1) “wind” or 2) “spirit” or 3) “breath.” +"from the four directions that the wind can blow in." This is an idiom. AT: "from every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## from the four winds ## +# these who have been killed -AT: "from the four directions that the wind can blow in" or "from every direction" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "these people that enemies and disasters have killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## these killed ones ## +# as I was commanded -AT: "these people that enemies and disasters have killed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## as I was commanded ## - -AT: "as Yahweh had commanded me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh had commanded me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/11.md b/ezk/37/11.md index 6cc8413ec8..0314db2028 100644 --- a/ezk/37/11.md +++ b/ezk/37/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Son of man ## +# the entire house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the house of Israel ## +# Behold! -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). +The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed!" -## Behold ## +# We have been cut off -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed.” +The people being destroyed and removed from their land is spoken of as if they had been cut off like a person would cut off a branch or piece of cloth. AT: "Our nation is destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## prophesy and say ## +# I will open your graves and lift you out from them -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:8](../21/08.md). - -## Behold ## - -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh restoring the people and bringing them back to their land is spoken of as if he will bring them back to life again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/13.md b/ezk/37/13.md index 7121f7f17f..7e88caeb76 100644 --- a/ezk/37/13.md +++ b/ezk/37/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + These are Yahweh's words to the house of Israel. -## will know that I am Yahweh ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). - -## to rest in your land ## +# to rest in your land "to live peacefully in your own land" -## This is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated "This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration" in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/15.md b/ezk/37/15.md index 00306e3d80..72ebb5c093 100644 --- a/ezk/37/15.md +++ b/ezk/37/15.md @@ -1,35 +1,27 @@ -## The Word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# the word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Son of man ## +# For Judah -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +Here "For" means "representing." AT: "Representing Judah" or "Belonging to Judah" -## For Judah ## +# Judah -AT: "Representing Judah" or "Belonging to Judah." +The tribe of Judah lived in the southern kingdom of Israel which was called Judah. Here the name is used to refer to the whole southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Judah ## +# the people of Israel, his companions -The tribe of Judah lived in the southern kingdom of Israel which was called Judah. Here the name is used to refer to the whole southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the Israelites who lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. AT: "all the tribes of Judah" or "the tribes of Israel who are part of the kingdom of Judah" -## the people of Israel, his companions ## +# For Joseph, the branch of Ephraim -AT: "the people of Israel who are his companions" or "the tribes of Israel who are part of the kingdom of Judah" +Joseph was Ephraim's father. The tribe of Ephraim lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Here the names are used to represent the whole northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## For Joseph, the branch of Ephraim ## +# all the people of Israel, their companions -AT: "For Joseph, the stick of Ephraim" +This refers to the Israelites who lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "all the tribes of Israel" or "the Israelites who were part of the kingdom of Israel" -## Ephraim ## +# into one stick -The tribe of Ephraim lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Here the name is used to refer to the whole northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## for all the people of Israel, their companions ## - -AT: "for the rest of the people of Israel who are his companions" or "the tribes of Israel that are part of that kingdom" - -## into one stick ## - -AT: "so that they become one stick" \ No newline at end of file +"so that they become one stick" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/18.md b/ezk/37/18.md index ddd626bf20..822bdbbe6b 100644 --- a/ezk/37/18.md +++ b/ezk/37/18.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## speak to you and say ## +# what these things of yours mean -See how you translated "are talking and say" in [Ezekiel 33:23](../33/23.md). +"what your sticks mean" or "why you have these sticks" -## what these things of yours mean ## +# Behold! -AT: "what your sticks means" or "why you have these sticks" +This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" -## Behold ## +# the branch of Joseph -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"the stick of Joseph." This represents the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the branch of Joseph ## - -"the stick of Joseph." This represents the kingdom of Israel. - -## that is in the hand of Ephraim ## +# that is in the hand of Ephraim The word "hand" refers to power. AT: "that is in the power of Ephraim" or "that the tribe of Ephraim rules over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the tribes of Israel his companions ## +# the tribes of Israel his companions -AT: "the other tribes of Israel who are his companions" or "the other tribes of Israel who are part of that kingdom" +"the other tribes of Israel who are his companions" or "the other tribes of Israel who are part of that kingdom" -## the branch of Judah ## +# the branch of Judah -"the stick of Judah." This represents the kingdom of Judah. +"the stick of Judah." This represents the kingdom of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## before their eyes ## +# before their eyes -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:6](../21/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. AT: "while they watched you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/21.md b/ezk/37/21.md index 543a19a587..84cd682ff5 100644 --- a/ezk/37/21.md +++ b/ezk/37/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## Behold ## +# Behold! -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" -## disgusting things ## +# they will be my people and I will be their God -See how you translated "hateful things" in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). - -## they will be my people and I will be their God ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:20](../11/19.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/24.md b/ezk/37/24.md index 85810731c4..b701268398 100644 --- a/ezk/37/24.md +++ b/ezk/37/24.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -## David my servant ## +# David my servant -See how you translated "my servant David" in [Ezekiel 34:22](../34/22.md). +Yahweh said "David" to refer to a descendant of David. See how you translated "my servant David" in [Ezekiel 34:23](../34/22.md). AT: "A descendant of my servant David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## over them ## +# one shepherd over them -AT: "over the people of Israel" +This speaks of a king ruling a people as if he were a shepherd leading sheep. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 34:23](../34/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## one shepherd over them ## +# over them -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 34:22](../34/22.md). +"over the people of Israel" -## will walk according to my decrees ## +# will walk according to my decrees -AT: "will live as I have commanded" +This speaks of acting or behaving in a certain way as if it were a person walking. AT: "will live as I have commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they will keep my statutes and obey them ## +# had stayed -See how you translated "keeps all my statutes, and he does them" in [Ezekiel 18:19](../18/19.md). - -## had stayed ## - -AT: "had lived" - -## chief ## - -See how you translated "prince" in [Ezekiel 7:26](../07/26.md)) \ No newline at end of file +"had lived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/26.md b/ezk/37/26.md index 264377bb74..2e0c9288c8 100644 --- a/ezk/37/26.md +++ b/ezk/37/26.md @@ -1,41 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking about the people of Israel. -## I will establish ## +# I will establish -AT: "I will set up" +"I will set up" or "I will create" -## a covenant of peace ## +# a covenant of peace -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 34:25](../34/25.md). +"a covenant that brings peace." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 34:25](../34/25.md). -## I will take them ## +# I will establish them -AT: "I will give them." It was implied that Yahweh would give them the land of Israel. AT: "I will set them in the land of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It was implied that Yahweh would establish them in the land of Israel. AT: "I will set them in the land of Israel" or "I will cause them to live securely in the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## multiply ## +# multiply them -See how you translated "multiply" in [Ezekiel 36:10](../36/10.md). +"cause their people to increase in number" -## my holy place ## +# my holy place -AT: "my sanctuary" or "my temple" (UDB) +"my holy sanctuary" or "my holy temple" -## My dwelling place ## +# in their midst -AT: "the place where I live" +"among them" -## I will be their God, and they will be my people ## +# My dwelling place -See how you translated "they will be my people, and I will be their God" in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). +"The place where I live" -## will know that I am Yahweh ## +# I will be their God, and they will be my people -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). - -## my sanctuary ## - -AT: "my holy place" or "my temple" - -## in their midst ## - -AT: "among them" \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 11:20](../11/19.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/intro.md b/ezk/37/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..19d96c2303 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/37/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Ezekiel 37 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel restored ##### +God will unite the two kingdoms of Israel and Judah and the Messiah will rule over them. This will come in a prophesied day of restoration. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The people are discouraged and compare themselves to skeletons, but God will cause them to become a nation again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 37:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../36/intro.md) | [>>](../38/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/01.md b/ezk/38/01.md index 13d020f710..f08cbbb30d 100644 --- a/ezk/38/01.md +++ b/ezk/38/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,39 @@ -## Gog ## +# The word of Yahweh came + +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# set your face toward Gog, the land of Magog, the chief prince ... Tubal + +This is a command to stare at Gog and Magog as a symbol of punishing the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/01.md). AT: "Stare at the land of Magog and at Gog, the chief prince ... Tubal" or "Stare at Gog, the chief prince ... Tubal, and at the land of Magog so that they will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# set your face + +Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set your face" represents staring. AT: "stare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Gog, the land of Magog + +It is implied that Magog is the land over which Gog rules. AT: "Gog who rules over the land of Magog" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Gog This is the name of a leader or king who ruled in the land of Magog. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the land of Magog ## +# Magog -It is implied that this is the land that Gog rules over. AT: "who rules over the land of Magog." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This is the name of an ancient nation that was probably located in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia. -## Magog ## +# the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal -the name of an ancient nation that probably lived in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia. \ No newline at end of file +This expression occurs twice in these verses. Some modern versions, however, interpret the Hebrew expression as "the chief of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal." This is another title for Gog. AT: "who is the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Meshech ... Tubal + +See how you translated these names in [Ezekiel 32:26](../32/26.md). + +# Behold! + +This emphasizes the importance of the statement that follows. It can be translated as "Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" + +# I am against you + +This idiom means "I am your enemy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/04.md b/ezk/38/04.md index 1eaaa489d6..e2b104cda1 100644 --- a/ezk/38/04.md +++ b/ezk/38/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh is speaking to Gog. +# Connecting Statement: -## set hooks in your jaw ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Gog. -People put hooks in the mouths of animals so that they could lead the animals wherever they wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# General Information: -## Put ## +These verses list the various nations who will join Gog's army. -a nation that lived in what is now Libya. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# set hooks in your jaw -## Gomer ## +Here "hooks in your jaw" represents God's control over Gog. People put hooks in the mouths of animals so that they could lead the animals wherever they wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in full armor ... holding swords ... with shields and helmets + +These phrases describe an army that is ready for battle. + +# Gomer a nation that lived north of the Black Sea -## Beth Togarmah ## +# Beth Togarmah See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:14](../27/14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/07.md b/ezk/38/07.md index da61fd2cc9..b980678691 100644 --- a/ezk/38/07.md +++ b/ezk/38/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,39 @@ -Yahweh is speaking to Gog. +# Connecting Statement: -## You will be called ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Gog. -AT: "I will call you to come for war." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## your troops assembled with you ## +# your troops assembled with you "all of your troops that you have gathered to yourself" or "all of your army that you have brought together for yourself" -## that has been gathered ## +# You will be called -"and whose people I have gathered." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will call you to come for war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# recovered from the sword + +Here the "sword" represents war. AT: "recovered from war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that has been gathered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I have gathered together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from many peoples + +"from many nations" + +# a continuous ruin + +"destroyed for a long time" + +# the land's people will be brought out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will bring the Israelites out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will go up as a storm goes + +This simile means Gog will bring destruction like a large storm does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a cloud covering the land + +This simile means the army will be so large that it will cover the entire land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/10.md b/ezk/38/10.md index 88b48bb46a..6b6802f336 100644 --- a/ezk/38/10.md +++ b/ezk/38/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,39 @@ -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +# Connecting Statement: -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +Yahweh continues speaking to Gog. -## it will happen on that day that ## +# on that day that "at that time" -## plans will form in your hearts ## +# plans will form in your heart ... you will devise wicked schemes -"ideas will come to your mind" \ No newline at end of file +These phrases mean the same thing and can be combined into a single phrase. AT: "you will plan to do something very evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# plans will form in your heart + +Here "heart" refers to his thinking. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will think of plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will + +Gog will not do these things alone. His army will do most of them. AT: "My army and I will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the open land + +The following phrases explain that this refers to a land without walls or bars or gates. + +# capture booty and steal plunder + +These phrases mean the same thing and can be combined into a single phrase. AT: "take away all their valuable possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# bring my hand + +Here "hand" refers to Gog's military power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# against the ruins + +Here "ruins" refers to the people who live in the destroyed cities. AT: "against the people who live in the ruins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# at the center of the earth + +"in the middle of the most important countries in the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/13.md b/ezk/38/13.md index e3a363b9c4..f44117f271 100644 --- a/ezk/38/13.md +++ b/ezk/38/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh is speaking to Gog. +# Connecting Statement: -## Sheba ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Gog. + +# Sheba See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:22](../27/22.md). -## Dedan ## +# Dedan -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 25:12](../25/12.md). +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 25:13](../25/12.md). -## cattle ## +# Have you come to plunder? Have you assembled your armies ... to haul away much plunder? -sheep, goats, cows \ No newline at end of file +These two questions are used to accuse Gog of attacking Israel without cause. These can be translated as statements. AT: "It is not right for you to assemble your army to plunder, to carry off silver and gold, to take their livestock and property, and to haul away much plunder!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to take their livestock and property ... to haul away much plunder + +These phrases have similar meaning and can be combined into a single phrase. AT: "to take away their livestock and all their valuable possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/14.md b/ezk/38/14.md index 70b79f15b8..977b4ae455 100644 --- a/ezk/38/14.md +++ b/ezk/38/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog. +# Connecting Statement: -## On that day...learn about them ## +Yahweh tells Ezekiel what he is to say to Gog. -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Gog will indeed hear about the people living in Israel. AT: "On that day, when my people Israel are living securely, you will know about them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# son of man -## might recognize me ## +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" -"might know me" or "might know who I am" \ No newline at end of file +# On that day ... learn about them? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Gog will indeed hear about the people living in Israel. AT: "On that day, when my people Israel are living securely, you will hear about them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# like a cloud that covers the land + +This simile means the army will be so large that it will cover the entire land. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 38:9](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# In the latter days + +This refers to the distant future before the world ends. AT: "In the last days" or "At the end of time" or "In the distant future" + +# In the latter days ... to be holy before their eyes + +All the nations will understand that Yahweh is holy when they see what he does to Gog. + +# might know me + +"might know who I am" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/17.md b/ezk/38/17.md index f498d02cf0..1fc9e25063 100644 --- a/ezk/38/17.md +++ b/ezk/38/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog. +# Connecting Statement: -## Are you not the one of whom...them ## +Yahweh continues telling Ezekiel what he is to say to Gog. -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he was the one who brought Gog to the land of Israel. AT: "You are the one of whom...them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Are you not the one ... bring you against them? -## of whom I spoke ## +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he was the one who brought Gog to the land of Israel. AT: "You are the one ... bring you against them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# of whom I spoke "that I spoke about" -## against them ## +# in former days -"against the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file +"in the past" or "a long time ago" + +# by the hand of my servants + +Here "hand" refers to the fact that these prophets wrote down Yahweh's message. AT: "by means of my servants" or "through my servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# against them + +"against the people of Israel" + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# my wrath will mount up in my anger + +Here "mount up" means "rise up" and expresses that his wrath will increase. The words "wrath" and "anger" mean the same thing and emphasize how intense his anger will be. AT: "my anger will greatly increase" or "I will be very angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/19.md b/ezk/38/19.md index 2e5a55ca4c..1ca5264415 100644 --- a/ezk/38/19.md +++ b/ezk/38/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. -## in the ardor of my anger ## +# In my zeal -"with passionate anger" or "with jealous anger" +Here "zeal" refers to Yahweh's desire to defend his honor against Gog's attacks. -## with the fire of my rage ## +# in the fire of my anger -This phrase means "with intense anger." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The intensity of Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were as hot as fire. AT: "because my anger was intense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The mountains will be thrown down ## +# They will shake before me -"The earthquake will make mountains fall down." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] \ No newline at end of file +They will shake because they are afraid. This can be explicitly stated. AT: "They will shake with fear before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The mountains will be thrown down + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will make mountains fall down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/21.md b/ezk/38/21.md index 316a6a94c2..56baf8feae 100644 --- a/ezk/38/21.md +++ b/ezk/38/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. +# General Information: -## flooding rains, and hailstones of fire. I will bring rains of brimstone ## +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. He speaks of the people of Gog as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -“and I will rain down flooding rains, hailstones, and burning sulfur” +# I will summon a sword against him -## hailstones ## +The word "sword" here is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. AT: "I will cause soldiers to attack him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on all my mountains + +This refers to the land of Israel. AT: "on all the mountains of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# each man's sword will be against his brother + +Here "sword" is a metonym for the person who uses the sword to fight. AT: "all of his soldiers will fight each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his brother + +"his fellow soldier" + +# I will judge him by plague and blood + +Here "blood" is a metonym for injury and death. AT: "I will judge him by causing him to be sick and by sending soldiers to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# overflowing rain and hailstones and burning sulfur I will rain down upon him + +It may be helpful to change the order of this sentence. AT: "I will rain down overflowing rain and hailstones and burning sulfur upon him" + +# hailstones ice that falls out of the sky -## brimstone ## +# show my greatness and my holiness -"sulfur" +The abstract nouns "greatness" and "holiness" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "show that I am great and holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## show myself as holy ## +# I will make myself known in the eyes of the many nations -"show that I am holy" \ No newline at end of file +Here "eyes" refers to sight, which is a metonym for understanding. AT: "I will cause many nations to understand who I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/intro.md b/ezk/38/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f03ed24f99 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/38/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 38 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a section prophesying against Gog. Later Gog will try to conquer Israel. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 38:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../37/intro.md) | [>>](../39/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/01.md b/ezk/39/01.md index c27c61101b..686e150a67 100644 --- a/ezk/39/01.md +++ b/ezk/39/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to Gog. -## Behold ## +# son of man -Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" -## I will knock your bow out of your left hand and make the arrows fall from your right hand. ## +# Behold! -AT: "I will destroy your military power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" + +# I am against you + +"I am your enemy" + +# chief of Meshech and Tubal + +Some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression as "prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal." This is another title for Gog. See how you translated these names in [Ezekiel 38:2-3](../38/01.md). AT: "who is the prince of Meshech and Tubal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will turn you and lead you on + +God speaks of leading Gog as if Gog was an animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bring you up + +God speaks of bringing Gog "up" to Israel because it was located in the mountains. + +# I will knock your bow out of your left hand and make the arrows fall from your right hand. + +Knocking Gog's bow and arrows out of his hands is spoken of as if God is destroying Gog's military power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/04.md b/ezk/39/04.md index 84257e8a02..6cda29d5af 100644 --- a/ezk/39/04.md +++ b/ezk/39/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog. -## Magog ## +# your troops and the soldiers -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 38:1](../38/01.md). +These refer to the same people. It can be stated as a single phrase. AT: "all your soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## will know that I am Yahweh ## +# I will give you to the birds of prey and the wild beasts of the fields for food -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:6](../06/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +The scavengers eating the corpses is spoken of as if Yahweh was giving food to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will send out fire on Magog + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will send literal fire down on Gog and his army or 2) "fire" is a metonym for the destruction that it causes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Magog + +This is the name of an ancient nation that probably lived in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 38:2](../38/01.md). + +# know that I am Yahweh + +When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/06.md). AT: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/07.md b/ezk/39/07.md index ff4eb45a95..5de620dd92 100644 --- a/ezk/39/07.md +++ b/ezk/39/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog. -## I will make my holy name known in the midst of my people Israel ## +# I will make my holy name known in the midst of my people Israel -AT: "I will make my people, Israel, know my holy name." The people of Israel will have a clearer understanding of character of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here the metonym "my holy name" refers to Yahweh's character. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will make my people, Israel, know that I am holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Behold ## +# Behold! -Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” \ No newline at end of file +This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" + +# is coming ... will take place + +These two phrases have similar meaning and emphasize the fact that this will really happen. AT: "is surely going to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/09.md b/ezk/39/09.md index 218c7692e6..8339265f37 100644 --- a/ezk/39/09.md +++ b/ezk/39/09.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. +# Connecting Statement: -## will plunder ## +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog. -See how you translated "plundered" in [Ezekiel 23:46](../23/46.md). \ No newline at end of file +# to kindle and make fires + +These two phrases mean the same thing. The Israelites will use the wood from the weapons as kindling for fires. AT: "to start fires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# small shields, large shields, bows, arrows, the clubs and spears + +This list includes all the typical weapons of war of that day. It may represent weapons in general. + +# clubs + +wooden sticks used as a weapon + +# wanted to take ... wanted to plunder + +Here "to take" and "to plunder" mean the same thing. Gog intended to take Israel's possessions, but Yahweh prevented him so that he was not able to do that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# will plunder ... wanted to plunder + +Translate "plunder" as in [Ezekiel 23:46](../23/46.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/11.md b/ezk/39/11.md index f5c2f269e7..91e4aa0c71 100644 --- a/ezk/39/11.md +++ b/ezk/39/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. +# Connecting Statement: -## it will happen...that ## +Yahweh begins to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog. -an important event marker. If your language has a way for doing this, you could use it here. +# it will happen on that day that -## It will block ## +This signals an important event. If your language has a way for doing this, you could use it here. -Possible meanings are 1) "the grave will block" or 2) "the dead army will block" +# to the east of the sea -## There they ## +A few modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression here as "to the east toward the sea." + +# It will block + +Possible meanings are 1) "The grave will block" or 2) "The dead army will block." + +# There they "There the house of Israel" -## They will call it ## +# They will call it "People will call it" -## Valley of Hamon Gog ## +# Valley of Hamon Gog "Valley of the Great Army of Gog" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/12.md b/ezk/39/12.md index 02bb3d1a08..2eaff2be33 100644 --- a/ezk/39/12.md +++ b/ezk/39/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. +# Connecting Statement: -## bury them ## +Yahweh continues to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog. -"bury the people of Gog's army" +# seven months -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +"7 months." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will bury them in order to purify the land + +In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it "unclean." Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# bury them + +"bury the soldiers of Gog's army" + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/14.md b/ezk/39/14.md index fc5f8aca16..07bd309222 100644 --- a/ezk/39/14.md +++ b/ezk/39/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. +# Connecting Statement: -## Then they ## +Yahweh continues to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog. -"Then the house of Israel" - -## will designate some men for ## - -"will assign some men" - -## through the land ## +# through the land "through the land of Israel" -## Hamonah ## +# those who were traveling through, but who died and their bodies remained on the surface of the land + +This refers to the dead bodies of Gog's soldiers whom Yahweh killed as they entered the land. + +# so that they may bury them + +"so that the designated men may bury the dead bodies" + +# to cleanse the land ... purify the land + +In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it "unclean." Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seventh month + +This "seventh" is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# any human bone + +Bones would be all that remained of the corpses after a period of time. + +# they will put a marker by it, until gravediggers come and bury it + +There are apparently two groups of men. The first will mark the location of corpses, and the second group will bury them. + +# Hamonah This name means "Great Army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/17.md b/ezk/39/17.md index 7fdb980556..3ccd1787a3 100644 --- a/ezk/39/17.md +++ b/ezk/39/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to the birds and the wild animals. +# Connecting Statement: -## to the sacrifice ## +Yahweh gives Ezekiel a message for the birds and the wild animals about what they will do to Gog. + +# son of man + +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "mortal person" or "human" + +# to the sacrifice "to the feast" or "to the slaughter." Yahweh means that he will give the birds and animals a very good meal and not that he is worshiping them. -## they were all fattened in Bashan ## +# they will be rams, lambs, goats, and bulls -AT: "they all became fat while grazing in Bashan." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is speaking with irony. Normally people sacrificed animals to God. Here, God is sacrificing people to animals. AT: "as if they were male sheep, lambs, goats, and bulls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# they were all fattened in Bashan + +That can be stated in active form. AT: "they all became fat while grazing in Bashan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/19.md b/ezk/39/19.md index 5026a80933..cfc1e80b34 100644 --- a/ezk/39/19.md +++ b/ezk/39/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the birds and the wild animals. +# Connecting Statement: -## chariot ## +Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message for the birds and the wild animals about what they will do to Gog. -AT: "men who rode in chariots." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# to your satisfaction -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +The abstract noun "satisfaction" can be stated as a verb. AT: "until you are satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +# until drunkenness + +The abstract noun "drunkenness" can be stated as a adjective. AT: "until you become drunk" or "until you are intoxicated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# chariot + +The metonym "chariot" refers to the men in the chariots. AT: "chariot driver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# warrior, and every man of war + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined into a single phrase. AT: "every kind of soldier" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/21.md b/ezk/39/21.md index 55ae3d3a6a..7afc25085a 100644 --- a/ezk/39/21.md +++ b/ezk/39/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. +# Connecting Statement: -## I will set my glory among the nations ## +Yahweh gives Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. -"I will make the nations see my glory" +# I will set my glory among the nations -## against them ## +Yahweh speaks of his glory as if he will place it in the middle of the nations where they can see it. AT: "I will make the nations see my glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"against the people of Gog's great army" \ No newline at end of file +# my judgment that I perform and my hand that I have set against them + +Both of these phrases refer to the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon Israel and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined into a single phrase. AT: "the way that I will judge them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# my hand + +Here the metonym "hand" refers to Yahweh's power that he uses to bring punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# against them + +"against Gog and his great army" + +# The house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/23.md b/ezk/39/23.md index bb85db2f80..7f98e8de61 100644 --- a/ezk/39/23.md +++ b/ezk/39/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. +# Connecting Statement: -## I hid my face ## +Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. -AT: "I stopped protecting them and taking care of them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# the house of Israel -## fell by the sword ## +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:22](../32/22.md). \ No newline at end of file +# because of their iniquity by which they betrayed me + +The abstract noun "iniquity" can be stated as a verb. AT: "because they sinned and betrayed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I hid my face from them + +Here "face" refers to Yahweh's help and protection. AT: "I stopped protecting them and taking care of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# gave them into the hand of their adversaries + +Here the metonym "hand" refers to power. AT: "gave their enemies power over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all of them fell by the sword + +Here falling represents being killed, and the sword represents battle. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/22.md). AT: "their enemies killed them all in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their uncleanness and their sins + +This speaks of the people's disgusting behavior as if they were physically unclean. Here "uncleanness" means basically the same as "sins." AT: "their disgusting behavior and their sins" or "their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/25.md b/ezk/39/25.md index 5c111307ec..a8077fd2ec 100644 --- a/ezk/39/25.md +++ b/ezk/39/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about the house of Israel. +# Connecting Statement: -## Thus says the Lord Yahweh ## +Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +# will restore the fortunes of Jacob -## will restore the fortunes of Jacob ## +Translate "will restore the fortunes" as in [Ezekiel 16:53](../16/53.md). However, some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression here as "will bring Jacob back from captivity." -See how you translated "will restore their fortunes" in [Ezekiel 16:53](../16/53.md). +# the house of Israel -## the treason ## +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# act with zeal for my holy name + +"make sure that they honor me" + +# they will bear their shame and all the treason + +Experts do not agree on the meaning of this phrase. Possible meanings are 1) "they will regret their shame and all the treason" or 2) "they will forget their shame and all the treason." + +# the treason "the unfaithfulness" -## I will be sanctified through them in the eyes of many nations ## +# I will show myself to be holy in the sight of many nations -AT: "many nations will understand that I am holy because of what did for the house of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "sight" is a metonym for understanding. AT: "many nations will understand that I am holy because of what I did for the house of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/28.md b/ezk/39/28.md index 0e16456e7f..a2f084a88b 100644 --- a/ezk/39/28.md +++ b/ezk/39/28.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about the house of Israel. +# Connecting Statement: -## when I pour out my Spirit on the house of Israel ## +Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. -"when I fill the house of Israel full of my Spirit" \ No newline at end of file +# I sent them into captivity ... I will gather them back to their land + +At the time when Ezekiel wrote, Israel was still in captivity in Babylon. + +# I will no longer hide my face from them + +Here "no longer hide my face" is an idiom that means Yahweh will not continue to abandon Israel to exile in Babylon. AT: "I will no longer abandon them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# when I pour out my Spirit on the house of Israel + +Here to give the Spirit abundantly is spoken of as to "pour out" the Spirit. AT: "when I generously give my Spirit to the house of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/intro.md b/ezk/39/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4efa030a31 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/39/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 39 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter concludes the prophecy against Gog. God will destroy Gog and his army. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 39:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../38/intro.md) | [>>](../40/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/01.md b/ezk/40/01.md index d91bdef1c7..82f14de329 100644 --- a/ezk/40/01.md +++ b/ezk/40/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## of our captivity ## +# twenty-fifth ... tenth ... fourteenth -"after we became captives" or "after I went to Babylon as a captive with other people of Israel" +These words are the ordinal forms of 25, 10, and 14. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## the city was captured ## +# of our captivity -AT: "the Babylonians captured the city of Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "our" refers to Ezekiel and the Israelites who have been in Babylon since the Babylonians forced King Jehoiachin to leave Jerusalem, but not to the reader. AT: "after we became captives" or "after the Babylonians took us as captives to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## the hand of Yahweh ## +# the beginning of the year on the tenth day of the month -See how you translated "the hand of Yahweh" in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is in April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## He brought me to rest ## +# the city was captured + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the Babylonians captured the city of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the hand of Yahweh + +Here "hand" refers to Yahweh's power to show Ezekiel supernatural visions. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:3](../01/01.md). + +# He brought me to rest "He put me down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/03.md b/ezk/40/03.md index 7eddbe6821..a1c6cc95b6 100644 --- a/ezk/40/03.md +++ b/ezk/40/03.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## He brought me there ## +# he brought me there "Yahweh brought me to the place that had the buildings" -## Behold ## +# Behold -The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. +Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. -## there a man appeared who looked like bronze ## +# His appearance was like the appearance of bronze -"there was a person that looked like bronze" +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "The way he appeared was like the way bronze appears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## linen cord ## +# linen cord "a rope made of linen." This is a tool for measuring very long distances. -## linen ## +# linen -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:1](../09/01.md). +This is a type of cloth. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/01.md). -## measuring stick ## +# measuring stick This is a tool for measuring shorter distances. -## Son of man ## +# Son of man -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## fix your mind on ## +# fix your mind on -AT: "pay attention to" or "think about." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom means "pay attention to" or "think about." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the house of Israel ## +# the house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/05.md b/ezk/40/05.md index 8df219970e..5e3e62510c 100644 --- a/ezk/40/05.md +++ b/ezk/40/05.md @@ -1,51 +1,47 @@ -## surrounding the temple complex ## +# surrounding the temple area -"going all the way around the temple area" +"entirely around the temple area" -## six cubits in length ## +# Each long cubit was a cubit and a handbreadth in length -"six cubits long." This was about 3.2 meters. +Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. AT: "These were the long cubits, which were the length of a regular cubit plus a handbreadth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## each "long" cubit equaling a cubit and a handwidth ## +# handbreadth -AT: "these were the long cubits, which were the length of a regular cubit plus a handwidth." Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +"the width of a hand." This was about 8 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## handwidth ## - -"the width of a hand." This was about 8 centimeters. - -## the width of the building ## - -"the width of the wall" or "how wide the wall was." The wall was hollow like a building. - -## one stick ## +# one stick "it was one stick wide." This was about 3.2 meters. -## the height—one stick ## +# the temple gate that faced east -AT: "and one stick high" +This gate was part of the wall that surrounded the temple area. It was not part of the temple building itself. AT: "the gate on the eastern side of the wall surrounding the temple" or "the gate on the eastern wall of the temple courtyard" -## up its steps ## +# up its steps -"and he went up the steps of the gate" +"up the steps of the gate" -## in depth ## +# in depth -"from the front edge of the threshold to the back edge" +"from the front edge of the threshold to its back edge" -## The guards' niches ## +# The guard chambers -These were like open rooms that were built inside of the gate where guards stayed to protect the gate. +These were rooms that were built inside of the gate where guards stayed to protect the gate. -## five cubits ## +# five cubits -about 2.7 meters +about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## between any two of the niches ## +# there were five cubits between any two of the chambers -"between the rooms" +"the chambers next to each other were five cubits apart" or "there were five cubits between a chamber and the one next to it" -## portico ## +# the chambers -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). \ No newline at end of file +"the rooms" + +# portico + +This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/08.md b/ezk/40/08.md index 7f1d4be86c..08ae9dbfca 100644 --- a/ezk/40/08.md +++ b/ezk/40/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## portico ## +# the portico of the gate facing the temple -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). +Here "facing the temple" means that the portico was attached to the gate in the temple courtyard. AT: "the portico of the gate on the inner side of the wall that surrounded the temple" -## one stick ## +# portico + +This was a covering in front of a doorway or gateway with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). + +# one stick See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). -## two cubits ## +# two cubits -About one meter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +about one meter (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## cubits ## +# cubits See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). -## The guards' niches at the gate were three in number ## - -"At the gate there were three rooms for the guards" - -## measured the same ## +# had the same measurement "were the same size" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/11.md b/ezk/40/11.md index c60e1b3520..ddc36cd0ca 100644 --- a/ezk/40/11.md +++ b/ezk/40/11.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## gateway entrance ## +# gateway entrance "the opening which was the entrance of the gate" -## ten cubits ## +# ten cubits -about 5.4 meters (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +about 5.4 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## cubits ## +# cubits -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). -## thirteen cubits ## +# thirteen cubits about 7 meters -## the niches ## +# The chambers measured six cubits + +"The chambers were 6 cubits long" + +# the chambers "the alcoves" or "the rooms" -## six cubits ## +# six cubits about 3.2 meters -## one cubit ## +# one cubit -"54 centimeters" or "about one-half meter" (UDB) +"54 centimeters" or "about one-half meter" -## twenty-five cubits ## +# twenty-five cubits -five cubits** - about 13.5 meters +about 13.5 meters -## that of the second ## +# that of the second -"the entrance of the second niche" \ No newline at end of file +"the entrance of the second chamber" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/14.md b/ezk/40/14.md index db11254bb0..3ee1689fb4 100644 --- a/ezk/40/14.md +++ b/ezk/40/14.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## guard's niches ## +# guard chambers -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:7](./05.md). -## sixty cubits ## +# sixty cubits -about thirty-two meters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +about 32 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## cubits ## +# cubits -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). -## portico ## +# portico -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). +This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -## fifty cubits ## +# fifty cubits -about twenty-seven meters +about 27 meters -## separated them ## +# closed windows -"separated the guard's niches" +Possible meanings are 1) "closed windows" or 2) "windows with shutters" or 3) "narrow windows." -## all the windows were on the inner side ## +# likewise for the porches -"the windows were all around on the inside" \ No newline at end of file +"the porches also had closed windows all around" + +# each jamb + +jambs are the sides of a wooden frame of a door \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/17.md b/ezk/40/17.md index 6c35d7c6c1..d6cc66db25 100644 --- a/ezk/40/17.md +++ b/ezk/40/17.md @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ -## outer courtyard ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:3](../10/03.md). +There were two walls surrounding the temple. The outer wall surrounded the outer courtyard, and within that, the inner wall surrounded the inner courtyard. The inner courtyard was higher than the outer courtyard. Each wall had gates on the east, north, and south sides. -## Behold ## +# the man brought me to the outer courtyard of the temple -The word “behold” here shows us that Ezekiel saw something interesting. +"The man brought me from outside the temple area into the outer courtyard of the temple" -## pavement ## +# outer courtyard + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/03.md). + +# Behold + +The word "Behold" here indicates that Ezekiel saw something interesting. + +# pavement a flat floor that is made out of rocks -## with thirty rooms next to the pavement ## +# with thirty rooms next to the pavement -AT: "and there were thirty rooms all around the pavement." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"and there were 30 rooms all around the pavement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## went up to ## +# went up to "went all the way to" -## one hundred cubits ## +# the front of the lower gate to the front of the inner gate -About fifty-four meters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +The lower gate was on the wall of the outer courtyard, and the inner gate was on the wall of the inner courtyard. AT: "the front of the outer gate to the front of the inner gate" -## cubits ## +# one hundred cubits -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file +about 54 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# cubits + +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). + +# the same on the north side + +"it was the same on the north side" or "on the north side, the distance from the outer gate to the inner gate was also one hundred cubits" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/20.md b/ezk/40/20.md index f7c24beb45..dd0c733122 100644 --- a/ezk/40/20.md +++ b/ezk/40/20.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## niches ## +# chambers -See how you translated "niches" in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:7](./05.md). -## portico ## +# portico See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -## measured the same ## +# measured the same "had the same measurement" -## cubits ## +# fifty cubits -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). +about 27 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## fifty cubits ## +# cubits -about twenty-seven meters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). -## twenty-five cubits ## +# twenty-five cubits -five cubits** - about 13.5 meters +about 13.5 meters -## the main gate ## +# the main gate -the gate that was on the eastern side of the temple \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the gate on the eastern side of the outer courtyard. AT: "the main gate, which was on the eastern side of the outer wall" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/22.md b/ezk/40/22.md index baea505586..204469a666 100644 --- a/ezk/40/22.md +++ b/ezk/40/22.md @@ -1,37 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + Ezekiel continues to describe the vision of the temple and of the man who looked like bronze. -## Its windows ## +# Its windows -The word "its" refers to the the gate that was at the north of the outer court. +The word "Its" refers to the gate that was on the north side of the outer courtyard. AT: "The northern gate's windows" -## niches ## +# chambers -See how you translated "niches" in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:7](./05.md). -## corresponded to the gate that faced east ## +# corresponded to the gate that faced east -"were like those at the gate that faced east" +"were like those of the eastern gate" or "were like those of the eastern gate of the outer courtyard" -## inner courtyard ## +# inner courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -## in front of the gate facing north ## +# in front of the gate facing north -"directly across from the gate facing north" or "across the outer courtyard from the north gate" (UDB) +"directly across from the northern gate" or "across the outer courtyard from the northern gate" -## just as also there was a gate to the east ## +# the gate facing north -"just as there was a gate to the inner courtyard in front of the gate facing east" +"the gate on the northern side of the outer courtyard" -## one gate to the other gate ## +# just as also there was a gate to the east + +"just as there was a eastern gate to the inner courtyard" or "just as there was a gate to the inner courtyard in front of the eastern gate" + +# from one gate to the other gate "from the outer gate on the north to the inner gate on the north" -## cubits ## +# cubits -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). -## one hundred cubits ## +# one hundred cubits -about fifty-four meters \ No newline at end of file +about 54 meters \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/24.md b/ezk/40/24.md index 3b1ebbeb8c..61f5637a63 100644 --- a/ezk/40/24.md +++ b/ezk/40/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## as the other outer gate ## +# measured the same as the other outer gates -AT: "as those of the northern and eastern gates" +"had the same measurements as the northern and eastern gates" -## cubits ## +# cubits -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). -## fifty cubits ## +# fifty cubits -About twenty-seven meters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +about 27 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## twenty-five cubits ## +# twenty-five cubits -five cubits** - About 13.5 meters. \ No newline at end of file +about 13.5 meters \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/26.md b/ezk/40/26.md index 4763811d78..236659d835 100644 --- a/ezk/40/26.md +++ b/ezk/40/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## portico ## +# portico -See you you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md) +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md) -## cubits ## +# on either side -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). +"on both sides" -## one hundred cubits ## +# cubits -About fifty-four meters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). + +# one hundred cubits + +about 54 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/28.md b/ezk/40/28.md index 183c06847f..317d55cf94 100644 --- a/ezk/40/28.md +++ b/ezk/40/28.md @@ -1,35 +1,43 @@ -## inner courtyard ## +# inner courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -## niches ## +# by way of its southern gate -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). +"through its southern gate" -## porticos ## +# chambers + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:7](./05.md). + +# porticos See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -## cubits ## +# measured the same -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). +"had the same measurements" -## fifty cubits ## +# cubits -about 27 meters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). -## twenty-five cubits ## +# fifty cubits -five cubits** - about 13.5 meters +about 27 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## five cubits ## +# twenty-five cubits + +about 13.5 meters + +# five cubits about 2.7 meters -## This portico faced the outer courtyard ## +# This portico faced the outer courtyard -"the portico was toward the outer courtyard." People could go in and out of it from the courtyard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"The portico's entrance was towards the outer courtyard" -## with carved palm trees ## +# with carved palm trees "and it had carvings of palm trees" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/32.md b/ezk/40/32.md index 0b7e1ae163..082fd916bb 100644 --- a/ezk/40/32.md +++ b/ezk/40/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## cubits ## +# to the inner courtyard by the eastern way -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). +"to the east side of the inner courtyard" -## fifty cubits ## +# cubits -about twenty-seven meters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). -## twenty-five cubits ## +# fifty cubits -five cubits** - about 13.5 meters \ No newline at end of file +about 27 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# twenty-five cubits + +about 13.5 meters + +# Its portico faced the outer courtyard + +The entrance of its portico was towards the outer courtyard \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/35.md b/ezk/40/35.md index 0b7e1ae163..e99eebd846 100644 --- a/ezk/40/35.md +++ b/ezk/40/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## cubits ## +# measured the same -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). +"had the same measurements" -## fifty cubits ## +# cubits -about twenty-seven meters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). -## twenty-five cubits ## +# fifty cubits -five cubits** - about 13.5 meters \ No newline at end of file +about 27 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# twenty-five cubits + +about 13.5 meters + +# Its portico faced the outer courtyard + +"The entrance of its portico was toward the outer courtyard" + +# on either side of it + +"on both sides of it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/38.md b/ezk/40/38.md index c9e990872e..b0563010c8 100644 --- a/ezk/40/38.md +++ b/ezk/40/38.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## by each of the inner gateways ## +# by each of the inner gateways "in each of the inner gates" -## they rinsed the burnt offerings ## +# they rinsed the burnt offerings -The word "they" refers to people or priests who were bringing an offering. +Possible meanings for "they" are 1) the people who were bringing offerings or 2) the priests who killed the animals. -## either side ## +# the burnt offerings -"on both sides" +the animals that would be killed and burned as offerings -## the burnt offering was slaughtered ## +# There were two tables on each side of each portico -AT: "they slaughtered the burnt offering" or "they killed the animals that they would burn as an offering." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +there were four tables—two on each side of each portico + +# the burnt offering was slaughtered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they killed the burnt offering" or "they killed the animals that they would burn as an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/42.md b/ezk/40/42.md index dcc487a284..2e770a4ab6 100644 --- a/ezk/40/42.md +++ b/ezk/40/42.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## of cut stone ## +# There were four tables of cut stone + +These were apparently different tables than the eight tables on which the sacrifices were killed. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "There were also four tables of cut stone" or "There were four other tables made of cut stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# of cut stone "that were made out of stone that had been cut" -## cubits ## +# cubits -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). -## one and a half cubits ## +# one and a half cubits -About 0.8 meter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +about 0.8 meter (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## one cubit ## +# one cubit about one-half meter -## Two-pronged hooks a span long were fastened in the portico all around ## +# Two-pronged hooks a handbreadth in length were fastened in the portico all around -pronged hooks a span long were fastened in the portico all around** - AT: "All around the portico, people had attached hooks that were a span long and had two prongs each" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"All around the portico, people had attached hooks that were a handbreadth long and had two prongs each" -## two-pronged hooks ## +# Two-pronged hooks -pronged hooks** - something that has two long curved points, which people can hang things on +something that has two long curved points, which people can hang things on -## a span long ## +# a handbreadth in length -about eight centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]). +about 8 centimeters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]). -## the flesh of the offerings would be put on the tables ## +# the flesh of the offerings would be put on the tables -AT: "they would put the flesh of the offerings on the tables" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they would put the flesh of the offerings on the tables" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/44.md b/ezk/40/44.md index 0d3246afb2..694a28f9fd 100644 --- a/ezk/40/44.md +++ b/ezk/40/44.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the inner gate ## +# the inner gate This is the inner gate on the north. -## singers’ chambers ## +# singers' chambers -"rooms for singers" +"rooms for singers." However, some ancient and modern versions read only "chambers" without the reference to singers. -## This room facing south ## +# one on the north side facing south, and the other on the south side facing north -This phrase means "The room that has its main entrance on the south side." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The word "chamber" or "room" is understood from the previous phrase. The phrase "facing south" means that its door is on its south side, and "facing north" means that its door is on its north side. AT: "one room on the north side facing south, and the other room on the south side facing north" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## who are on duty in the temple ## +# This room facing south -AT: "who are working in the temple" (UDB) or "who are responsible for guarding the temple" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the chamber on the north side of the inner courtyard. AT: "This room whose door is on its south side" or "This room on the north side of the inner courtyard" + +# who are on duty in the temple + +"who are working in the temple" or "who are responsible for guarding the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/46.md b/ezk/40/46.md index ed34566a45..88cc4016e7 100644 --- a/ezk/40/46.md +++ b/ezk/40/46.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + The man continues speaking to Ezekiel in the vision. -## room facing north ## +# The room facing north -"that had its main entrance on the north side" +This refers to the room on the south side of the inner courtyard. The door of the room was on the north side of the room. AT: "This room whose door is on its north side" or "This room on the south side of the inner courtyard" -## who come near to ## +# the priests on duty at the altar -"who approach" +"the priests who were offering sacrifices on the altar" -## he ## +# come near to Yahweh to serve him -"the man" +"approach Yahweh in his temple in order to serve him" -## cubits ## +# he measured -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). +"the man measured" -## one hundred cubits ## +# cubits -About fifty-four meters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). -## with the altar ## +# one hundred cubits + +about 54 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# with the altar "and the altar was" -## the house ## +# the house This refers to the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/48.md b/ezk/40/48.md index b27e927e6e..b2a84abd54 100644 --- a/ezk/40/48.md +++ b/ezk/40/48.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## portico ## +# portico See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -## its doorposts ## +# the house + +this refers to the temple + +# its doorposts "the doorposts of the house" -## cubits ## +# cubits -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](./05.md). +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:05](./05.md). -## five cubits ## +# five cubits -about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## fourteen cubits ## +# fourteen cubits about 7.5 meters -## three cubits ## +# three cubits about 1.6 meters -## twenty cubits ## +# twenty cubits -About eleven meters +about 11 meters -## eleven cubits ## +# eleven cubits -About six meters +about 6 meters -## columns ## +# columns -pieces of stone that are tall and narrow and support buildings \ No newline at end of file +pieces of stone that were tall and narrow and supported the roof of the building \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/intro.md b/ezk/40/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3cd2e41975 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/40/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ezekiel 40 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### The new temple and city ##### + +In a vision, Ezekiel saw a man measuring the wall of a new temple. The next chapters will give precise measurements for the construction of a temple to be built. This was not the temple of Ezra's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 40:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../39/intro.md) | [>>](../41/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/01.md b/ezk/41/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7936232939 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/41/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + +The man in Ezekiel's vision ([Ezekiel 40:3](../40/03.md)) continues to show Ezekiel around the temple. + +# the temple's holy place + +the room in the temple in front of the "most holy place" + +# six cubits in width on either side + +These cubits were the "long" cubits ([Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md)), 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). "they were six cubits in width on both sides" + +# six cubits + +about 3.2 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# cubits + +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# ten cubits + +about 5.4 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# five cubits + +about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# the dimensions + +"the size" + +# forty cubits + +about 22 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# twenty cubits + +about 11 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/03.md b/ezk/41/03.md index 400467b117..f2e2d08c82 100644 --- a/ezk/41/03.md +++ b/ezk/41/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## cubits ## +# two cubits -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). +about 1.1 meter (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## to the front of the temple hall ## +# cubits -"like the width of the holy place" or "matching the width of the holy place" \ No newline at end of file +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:05](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# six cubits + +about 3.2 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# seven cubits + +about 3.8 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# twenty cubits + +about 11 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/05.md b/ezk/41/05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f7210a63c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/41/05.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# the house + +the temple + +# six cubits + +about 3.2 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# cubits + +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:05](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# four cubits + +about 2 meters + +# three levels + +"three stories" + +# There were ledges around the wall of the house + +"The house had ledges all around for the side rooms all around." This way the side rooms could rest on the ledge of the wall. + +# to support + +"so that the ledges could support" + +# for there was no support put in the wall of the house + +"for there were no supports in the wall of the house." The people who built the temple did not want stones or wood that would support the side rooms to be sticking out from the wall of the sanctuary. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/08.md b/ezk/41/08.md index 9dad169980..f8dc0b1708 100644 --- a/ezk/41/08.md +++ b/ezk/41/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## a full stick ## +# a raised part -See how you translated "stick" in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). \ No newline at end of file +a platform + +# chambers + +small rooms + +# a full stick + +Translate "stick" as in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). + +# cubits + +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:05](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# six cubits + +about 3.2 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# five cubits + +about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/10.md b/ezk/41/10.md index 9b19442b89..246f88eb8f 100644 --- a/ezk/41/10.md +++ b/ezk/41/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## the priests' outer side rooms ## +# the priests' outer side rooms -"the side rooms of the priests that were further out from the sanctuary" \ No newline at end of file +"the side rooms of the priests that were further out from the sanctuary" + +# twenty cubits + +about 11 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# cubits + +See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# five cubits + +about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# The width of this open area was five cubits all around + +"The entire space between the chambers and the temple was five cubits wide, all around the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/12.md b/ezk/41/12.md index 0f914793ab..e05fe90418 100644 --- a/ezk/41/12.md +++ b/ezk/41/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## faced ## +# The building that faced the courtyard on the west side was seventy cubits in width -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:28](../40/28.md). +This can be stated as a separate sentence. AT: "There was a building on the west side of the temple area, and its entrance was towards the courtyard. It was seventy cubits in width" -## And the separated building ## +# seventy cubits ... five cubits ... ninety cubits ... one hundred cubits -"And the building" \ No newline at end of file +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). "70 cubits ... 5 cubits ... 90 cubits ... 100 cubits" or "about 38 meters ... about 2.7 meters ... about 49 meters ... about 54 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/15.md b/ezk/41/15.md index ea952926fb..ca54f0c04e 100644 --- a/ezk/41/15.md +++ b/ezk/41/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the galleries ## +# the galleries "the balconies." The balconies were places that were built higher up than the rest of the building. People could go into balconies and look down on the main floor of the building. -## the portico ## +# one hundred cubits -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). "100 cubits" or "about 54 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## and spaced along all the walls round about ## +# the portico -"and with carefully measured spacing" \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/18.md b/ezk/41/18.md index f39fc8db25..92477efdae 100644 --- a/ezk/41/18.md +++ b/ezk/41/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## decorated ## +# decorated -to make something beautiful usually by putting something on it +"made beautiful" -## the house ## +# cherubim -"the sanctuary" \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md). + +# cherub + +This is the singular form of "cherubim." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:9](../10/09.md). + +# the house + +"the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/21.md b/ezk/41/21.md index 389f460d5a..5a88218007 100644 --- a/ezk/41/21.md +++ b/ezk/41/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## ## +# Their appearance was like the appearance of the wooden altar -There were double doors for the holy place and the most holy place** - "the holy place and the most holy place both had two doors" +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "They appeared the same way the wooden altar appeared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## These doors had two hinged door panels each ## +# three cubits ... two cubits + +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "about 1.6 meters ... about 1.1 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# There were double doors for the holy place and the most holy place + +"The holy place and the most holy place both had two doors" + +# These doors had two hinged door panels each "Each door had two parts that were on hinges." Hinges connect doors to the wall and allow the doors to swing. -## two panels for one door and two panels for the other ## +# two panels for one door and two panels for the other "both of the doors for both the holy place and the most holy place had two parts" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/25.md b/ezk/41/25.md index 6b71832a06..4bc4d523db 100644 --- a/ezk/41/25.md +++ b/ezk/41/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## just as the walls were decorated ## +# just as the walls were decorated "just as the walls also had carvings of cherubim and palm trees" -## portico ## +# portico -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). \ No newline at end of file +covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/intro.md b/ezk/41/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..84c6822a56 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/41/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 41 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focuses on the courtyard of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 41:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../40/intro.md) | [>>](../42/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/01.md b/ezk/42/01.md index b2c9c28ea6..761a7c56ab 100644 --- a/ezk/42/01.md +++ b/ezk/42/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## the outer courtyard ## +# the outer courtyard -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:3](../10/03.md). +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/03.md). -## inner courtyard ## +# one hundred cubits ... fifty cubits ... twenty cubits + +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "100 cubits ... 50 cubits ... 20 cubits" or "about 54 meters ... about 27 meters ... about 11 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# Some of those rooms faced the inner courtyard + +"Some of those rooms were toward the inner courtyard" or "The entrance of some of those rooms was toward the inner courtyard" + +# inner courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -## and were open to them ## +# were open to them -"and looked out onto the inner courtyard" +"looked out onto the inner courtyard" -## having a walkway ## +# having a walkway -"because there was a place that you could walk along the rooms" \ No newline at end of file +"because there was a place where one could walk along the rooms" + +# Some of the rooms looked out onto the outer courtyard + +"Some of the rooms were toward the outer courtyard" or "The entrance of some of the rooms was toward the outer courtyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/04.md b/ezk/42/04.md index 0ccf00d819..3baa32ddf2 100644 --- a/ezk/42/04.md +++ b/ezk/42/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## reduced in size compared to ## +# ten cubits ... one hundred cubits -"smaller than" \ No newline at end of file +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "10 cubits ... 100 cubits" or "about 5.4 meters ... about 54 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# smaller in size compared to the rooms + +"smaller than the rooms" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/07.md b/ezk/42/07.md index f079f7464e..40c369e076 100644 --- a/ezk/42/07.md +++ b/ezk/42/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## facing ## +# fifty cubits ... one hundred cubits -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:8](../40/08.md). \ No newline at end of file +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "50 cubits ... 100 cubits" or "about 27 meters ... about 54 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/10.md b/ezk/42/10.md index ad9b08f530..e819f9f42a 100644 --- a/ezk/42/10.md +++ b/ezk/42/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## at its head ## +# They were as the appearance of the rooms on the northern side + +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "The way the rooms on the northern side appeared was the way these rooms appeared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# at its head "at its beginning" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/13.md b/ezk/42/13.md index d487de4922..0d8eabfa59 100644 --- a/ezk/42/13.md +++ b/ezk/42/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the food offering ## +# the food offering -This was an offering grain or flour. People offered "food offerings" to show that they were thankful to God. \ No newline at end of file +the grain or flour that the people offered to show that they were thankful to God \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/15.md b/ezk/42/15.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7e98d654b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/42/15.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# to the gate that faced the east + +"out to the east gate" or "out through the east gate" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/16.md b/ezk/42/16.md index 6b08f42172..ebaad122ad 100644 --- a/ezk/42/16.md +++ b/ezk/42/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He measured ## +# He measured The word "he" refers to the man who looked like bronze. (See: [Ezekiel 40:3](../40/03.md)) -## measuring stick ## +# measuring stick -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). + +# five hundred cubits + +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "500 cubits" or "about 270 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/20.md b/ezk/42/20.md index d56a62e5a3..6fb2e380ea 100644 --- a/ezk/42/20.md +++ b/ezk/42/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## its wall with it all around had a length ## +# It had a wall around it -This can be translated as a new sentence, "The house had a wall all around it that had a length." \ No newline at end of file +"The house had a wall all around it" + +# five hundred cubits + +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "500 cubits" or "about 270 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# common + +not holy \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/intro.md b/ezk/42/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b3d2503c0d --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/42/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 42 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focused on the storerooms for keeping the holy things of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 42:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../41/intro.md) | [>>](../43/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/01.md b/ezk/43/01.md index 4ab53ff6b2..7ae8239544 100644 --- a/ezk/43/01.md +++ b/ezk/43/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Behold ## +# Behold! -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +The word "Behold" here alerts the reader to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## like the sound of many waters ## +# many waters -See how you translated "Like the noise of rushing water" in [Ezekiel 1:24](../01/24.md). +This simply means "a lot of water." It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:24](../01/24.md). -## the earth shone ## +# the earth shone with his glory -"the earth was full of bright light" \ No newline at end of file +"the earth was full of bright light from his glory" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/03.md b/ezk/43/03.md index 53cff7b843..28ba76c0da 100644 --- a/ezk/43/03.md +++ b/ezk/43/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## And it was like ## +# It was -The word "it" refers to the vision of the glory of God coming from the east. +"The glory of God coming from the east was" -## when he had come to destroy the city ## +# according to the appearance of the vision -Possible meanings are 1) "when the God of Israel had come to destroy the city" or 2) "when I had come to see the God of Israel destroy the city." \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "just like what appeared in the vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# when he had come to destroy the city + +Possible meanings are 1) "when the God of Israel had come to destroy the city" or 2) "when I had come to see the God of Israel destroy the city." + +# Behold + +Your language may have a different word to show that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/06.md b/ezk/43/06.md index 6aa76e0e17..3806519739 100644 --- a/ezk/43/06.md +++ b/ezk/43/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## the corpses ## +# the corpses of their kings -"the lifeless idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The idols that the people's kings worshiped are spoken of as if they are corpses because the idols are not alive. AT: "the lifeless idols that their kings worshiped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## at their shrines ## +# They profaned -"in their burial mounds" or "in their burial monuments" +"The Israelites profaned" -## shrines ## +# disgusting actions -something that is build to help remember someone who has died +"the disgusting things they did." God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md). -## They profaned ## +# consumed them with my anger -"The house of Israel profaned" - -## disgusting actions ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md). - -## consumed them with my anger ## - -This phase means "I completely destroyed them because I was angry." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "consumed" here means "completely destroyed." AT: "completely destroyed them because I was angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/09.md b/ezk/43/09.md index b4360f4d10..44e01e6a7e 100644 --- a/ezk/43/09.md +++ b/ezk/43/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## remove their faithlessness and the 'corpses' ## +# the corpses of their kings -"stop being unfaithful and move the idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## the corpses of their kings ## - -"the idols devoted to their dead kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The idols that the people's kings worshiped are spoken of as if they are corpses because the idols are not alive. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:7](./06.md). AT: "the lifeless idols that their kings worshiped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/10.md b/ezk/43/10.md index 13621a5bec..5ac4964cae 100644 --- a/ezk/43/10.md +++ b/ezk/43/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## this description ## +# this description "this pattern" or "this plan" -## before their eyes ## +# before their eyes -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:6](../21/06.md). +Here the Israelites are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:6](../21/06.md). AT: "before them" or "before the Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## will keep to all its design ## +# will keep to all its design -"will keep the pattern" \ No newline at end of file +"will keep its pattern" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/12.md b/ezk/43/12.md index 02deca40bf..39fe462484 100644 --- a/ezk/43/12.md +++ b/ezk/43/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## the regulation ## +# the regulation "the instruction" or "the rule" -## the surrounding border ## +# the surrounding border The word "border" probably refers to the wall that goes all the way around the temple. -## most holy ## +# most holy "absolutely holy" -## See ## +# Behold! -The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as “Indeed.” \ No newline at end of file +"This is important!" Your language may have a way of indicating that the words that follow are important. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/13.md b/ezk/43/13.md index 134101a01c..8305ab7a8b 100644 --- a/ezk/43/13.md +++ b/ezk/43/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## ## +# a cubit ... two cubits ... four cubits -the border around its surrounding edge ** - "the border going around its edge" +Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "about 54 centimeters ... about 1.1 meters ... about 2.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## This will be the base of the altar ## +# The border around its surrounding edge -"These will be the measurements of the base of the altar." +"The border going around its edge" -## the base of the altar ## +# one span + +A span was 23 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. AT: "about 23 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# This will be the base of the altar + +"These will be the measurements of the base of the altar" + +# the base of the altar "the bottom supporting the altar" or "the foundation of the altar" -## ledge ## +# ledge a narrow and flat surface that sticks out from a wall \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/15.md b/ezk/43/15.md index 3b06587878..6b41501966 100644 --- a/ezk/43/15.md +++ b/ezk/43/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## The hearth ## +# The hearth the place where sacrifices were either cooked or burnt up with fire -## horn ## +# four cubits ... twelve cubits ... fourteen cubits ... a half cubit ... a cubit -parts of the altar at the four corners of the altar that stuck up above the rest of the altar \ No newline at end of file +Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "about 2.2 meters ... about 6.5 meters ... about 7.6 meters ... about 27 centimeters ... about 54 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# horns + +The horns were the parts of the altar at the four corners of the altar that stuck up above the rest of the altar. + +# with its steps facing east + +"with steps on the east side of the altar" or "and the altar's steps are on its east side" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/18.md b/ezk/43/18.md index b8596dc0c5..249b2528c4 100644 --- a/ezk/43/18.md +++ b/ezk/43/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## he said ## +# he said "Yahweh said" -## Son of man ## +# Son of man -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## regulations ## +# regulations "rules" or "instructions" -## You will ## +# You will -The word "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/20.md b/ezk/43/20.md index 2e94bd1fdf..be457b0151 100644 --- a/ezk/43/20.md +++ b/ezk/43/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Then you will take ## +# Then you will take -See how you translated "you" in [Ezekiel 43:18](./18.md). +The word "you" is singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## four horns ## +# four horns -See how you translated "you" in [Ezekiel 43:15](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file +The horns were the parts of the altar at the four corners of the altar that stuck up above the rest of the altar. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:15](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/22.md b/ezk/43/22.md index d3ea54ee9e..5aa3c60ad2 100644 --- a/ezk/43/22.md +++ b/ezk/43/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## on the second day you ## +# you will offer ... you finish ... offer ... offer -See how you translated "You" in [Ezekiel 43:18](./18.md). +All instances of "you" and the commands refer to Ezekiel and so are singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Offer them before Yahweh ## +# Offer them before Yahweh -The altar on which they will sacrifice the bull and ram, is in front of the Temple where the presence of Yahweh dwells. \ No newline at end of file +The altar on which they will sacrifice the bull and ram is in front of the temple, where the presence of Yahweh dwells. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/25.md b/ezk/43/25.md index d70811be73..f15ad6f4f0 100644 --- a/ezk/43/25.md +++ b/ezk/43/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## You ## +# You must prepare -See how you translated "You" in [Ezekiel 43:18](./18.md). +This is spoken to Ezekiel and so the word "You" is singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## it will come about that ## +# it will come about that This phrase is used here to mark an important part of the instructions. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## your burnt offerings...your peace offerings...accept you ## +# your burnt offerings ... your peace offerings ... accept you -The words "yours" and "you" refer to the people of Israel in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The words "your" and "you" are second person plural and refer to the people of Israel in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## will accept you ## +# will accept you -"will receive you with favor" or "will be pleased with you" \ No newline at end of file +"will gladly receive you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/intro.md b/ezk/43/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..621f4c8e28 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/43/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 43 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. God entered the temple. He told the people not to defile the temple by being idol worshipers or by having the funerals of their kings in the temple courtyard. He also told them what offerings to make each day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 43:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../42/intro.md) | [>>](../44/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/01.md b/ezk/44/01.md index 2b97fb646b..9bb36628de 100644 --- a/ezk/44/01.md +++ b/ezk/44/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## that faced east ## +# to the outer sanctuary gate that faced east -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). +"to the outer sanctuary gate on the east side of the temple" -## it will not be opened ## +# it will not be opened -AT: "no one will open it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one will open it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the God of Israel ## +# the God of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:3](../08/03.md). +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:4](../08/03.md). -## portico ## +# He will enter by way of the gate's portico and go out the same way -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). +He will enter the courtyard through another gate and then sit in the portico of the east gate and eat. -## before Yahweh ## +# portico + +covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. In this case, the portico opens into the courtyard and is between the entrance to the temple and the inside of the gate. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). + +# before Yahweh "in front of Yahweh" or "in the presence of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/04.md b/ezk/44/04.md index 0e2cdccbfd..53f6349c3c 100644 --- a/ezk/44/04.md +++ b/ezk/44/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Next he ## +# Then he -Possible meanings are 1) "Next the man" or 2) "Next Yahweh". +Possible meanings are 1) "Then the man" or 2) "Then Yahweh." -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. +The word "behold" here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. -## the glory of Yahweh ## +# the glory of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:12](../03/12.md). +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/27.md). -## I fell on my face ## +# I fell on my face -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:27](../01/27.md). +"I bowed down to the ground" or "I lay on the ground." Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## set your heart ## +# set your heart -See how you translated "fix your mind on" in [Ezekiel 40:3](../40/03.md). +"pay attention to" or "think about." Translate as you translated "fix your mind on" in [Ezekiel 40:4](../40/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## all its regulations ## +# all its regulations "all the instructions about the house of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/06.md b/ezk/44/06.md index fe562c4e6e..cffb288407 100644 --- a/ezk/44/06.md +++ b/ezk/44/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Let all of your disgusting actions be enough for you ## +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let all of your disgusting actions be enough for you "Your disgusting actions have been more than enough for you" or "You have done far too many disgusting deeds" -## disgusting actions ## +# disgusting actions See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/08.md b/ezk/44/08.md index c198fe01c9..bf4dd2d023 100644 --- a/ezk/44/08.md +++ b/ezk/44/08.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/10.md b/ezk/44/10.md index 11b859ea25..12a56c356d 100644 --- a/ezk/44/10.md +++ b/ezk/44/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## are servants in my sanctuary ## +# went far from me ... wandered away from me, going after their idols + +The way a person lives is spoken of as walking on a path. AT: "stopped worshiping me ... stopped doing what I wanted them to do. Instead, they worshiped their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# are servants in my sanctuary "will be the servants in my temple" -## watching the gates of the house ## +# watching the gates of the house "performing guard duty at the gates of the house" -## they stand before them to serve them ## +# they will stand before the people and serve them -"these Levites stand before the people, so that they can serve the people" +"these Levites will stand before the people, so that they can serve the people" -## I will lift up my hand to swear an oath ## +# became stumbling blocks for sin for the house of Israel -See how you translated "I raised my hand to swear an oath" in [Ezekiel 20:4](../20/04.md). \ No newline at end of file +A person who causes another person to sin is spoken of as if he were something on a path over which people stumble. AT: "became people who caused the house of Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will lift up my hand to swear an oath + +In those days a person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 20:6](../20/04.md). AT: "I will solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# against them + +"that I will punish them" + +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# they will bear their punishment + +The abstract noun "punishment" can be translated as a verb. AT: "I will certainly punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/13.md b/ezk/44/13.md index bd6f4d8a1e..a8a23b4f8e 100644 --- a/ezk/44/13.md +++ b/ezk/44/13.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## They ## +# They -"These Levites" +the Levites ([Ezekiel 44:10](./10.md)) -## come near ## +# They will not come near -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:46](../40/46.md). +"I will not permit them to come near." Yahweh does not want them to come to him the way a servant comes to a king to receive commands, as the descendants of Zadok will do ([Ezekiel 40:46](../40/46.md)). -## will bear their reproach and their guilt ## +# will bear their reproach and their guilt -"will be ashamed and suffer the consequences for" +"will be ashamed and suffer when I punish them" -## disgusting actions ## +# disgusting actions -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md). +"the disgusting things you do." God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md). -## keepers ## +# keepers -a person whose job is to guard or take care of something or someone +people who guard or take care of something -## that is done in it ## +# that is done in it -AT: "that they need to do in it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that they need to do in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/15.md b/ezk/44/15.md index 348f0593a5..3117d4d470 100644 --- a/ezk/44/15.md +++ b/ezk/44/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## the sons of Zadok who fulfilled ## +# those sons of Zadok who fulfilled "who are descendants of Zadok and fulfilled" -## were wandering away from following me ## +# were wandering away from me -This phrase means "stopped listening and obeying me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## will come near me ## - -"will approach me" - -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. "stopped listening and obeying me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/17.md b/ezk/44/17.md index 907474db05..24220de8c5 100644 --- a/ezk/44/17.md +++ b/ezk/44/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -## So it will be that ## +# So it will be that "So" -## the inner courtyard ## +# the inner courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -## linen ## +# linen -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:1](../09/01.md). +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/01.md). -## wool ## +# wool cloth or clothing made of the soft hair of sheep -## turban ## +# turbans -a head covering that is that is made of a long cloth wrapped around the head \ No newline at end of file +A turban is a head covering that is that is made of a long cloth wrapped around the head. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/19.md b/ezk/44/19.md index 1810eaca57..05765c69c9 100644 --- a/ezk/44/19.md +++ b/ezk/44/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. +# General Information: -## outer courtyard ## +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about how the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests are to do their duties. -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:3](../10/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +# outer courtyard + +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/20.md b/ezk/44/20.md index 814b5eedc8..b18ea3aca1 100644 --- a/ezk/44/20.md +++ b/ezk/44/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -## shave ## +# must trim the hair of their heads -cut a person's hair so short that the it is easy to see the skin of the person +must keep their hair neat -## trim the hair of their heads ## - -"cut the hair on their heads so that it is neither too long nor too short" - -## widow ## +# widow a woman whose husband has died -## from the line of the house of Israel ## +# from the line of the house of Israel "who is a descendant of the people of Israel" -## the house of Israel ## +# the house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/23.md b/ezk/44/23.md index 582fc059fa..5004f09222 100644 --- a/ezk/44/23.md +++ b/ezk/44/23.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -## a dispute ## +# In a dispute they will stand to judge with my decrees -"an argument" \ No newline at end of file +"When people are arguing, they will be the ones who decide who is right by applying my laws" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/25.md b/ezk/44/25.md index 2560c28e46..6c8accbb67 100644 --- a/ezk/44/25.md +++ b/ezk/44/25.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/28.md b/ezk/44/28.md index ea53152323..ce7ed85d89 100644 --- a/ezk/44/28.md +++ b/ezk/44/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -## So you ## +# you -The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. +The word "you" refers to the people of Israel and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## property ## +# property land that a person owns and uses to provide for the needs of his family -## in Israel ## +# in Israel "in the land of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/30.md b/ezk/44/30.md index 365a07a599..6d830e4018 100644 --- a/ezk/44/30.md +++ b/ezk/44/30.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -## and every contribution, anything from all of your contributions ## +# every contribution, anything from all of your contributions -"and every gift of whatever kind from all your gifts" or "and all gifts of every sort of all of your gifts" +"every gift of whatever kind from all your gifts" or "all gifts of every sort of all of your gifts" -## so that blessing may rest on your house ## +# so that blessing may rest on your house This phrase means "so that I will bless your family and everything that belongs to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## or animal torn by a beast, whether bird or beast ## +# or animal torn by a beast, whether bird or beast -AT: "or any creature that a bird or a wild animal has torn apart." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "or any creature that a bird or a wild animal has torn apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/intro.md b/ezk/44/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..90ff8cd268 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/44/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 44 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. Foreigners and the Levites who have worshiped idols are not allowed in the temple. The priests alone will do the temple work. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 44:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../43/intro.md) | [>>](../45/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/01.md b/ezk/45/01.md index e90258e52b..aa9bc84749 100644 --- a/ezk/45/01.md +++ b/ezk/45/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## all its area round about ## +# twenty-five thousand cubits in length ... ten thousand cubits in width ... five hundred cubits ... fifty cubits in width -"all of the area inside of the borders that go around it" \ No newline at end of file +Each cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "25,000 cubits long ... 10,000 cubits wide ... 500 cubits ... 50 cubits wide" or "about 13.5 kilometers long ... about 5.4 kilometers wide ... about 270 meters ... about 27 meters wide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# all its area round about + +"all of the area inside of the borders around it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/03.md b/ezk/45/03.md index 8d7dd53d7d..7699a8e6b2 100644 --- a/ezk/45/03.md +++ b/ezk/45/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## this area ## +# this area the temple and the border surrounding it -## a portion ## +# a portion "a portion of land" -## cubits ## +# twenty-five thousand cubits ... ten thousand -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). - -## and holy for the sanctuary ## - -"and a holy place for the sanctuary" \ No newline at end of file +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "25,000 cubits ... 10,000 cubits" or "about 13.5 kilometers ... about 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/06.md b/ezk/45/06.md index c686899236..9f581fdb20 100644 --- a/ezk/45/06.md +++ b/ezk/45/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## provided for the sanctuary ## +# five thousand cubits ... twenty-five thousand -AT: "that you offered as holy" or "that you gave for the holy place." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "5,000 cubits ... 25,000 cubits" or "about 2.7 kilometers ... about 13.5 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## The length will correspond to the length of one of those portions ## +# reserved for the holy place -It is implied that Ezekiel is comparing the prince's land with the size of the land given to each of the tribes. AT: "The length will be the same as the length of one of the portions given to the tribes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that you gave for the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## from the west to the east ## +# The length will correspond to the length of one of those portions -It is implied that these are the western and eastern borders of the land of Israel. AT: "from the border of Israel on the sea" or "from the border of Israel on the west." \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that Ezekiel is comparing the prince's land with the size of the land given to each of the tribes. AT: "The length will be the same as the length of one of the portions given to the tribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the west to the east + +It is implied that these are the western and eastern borders of the land of Israel. "from the western border of Israel at the sea to the eastern border at the Jordan River" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/08.md b/ezk/45/08.md index ebb360f778..f0ff5cc771 100644 --- a/ezk/45/08.md +++ b/ezk/45/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -## This land will be property for the prince in Israel ## +# This land will be property for the prince in Israel -"In the land, this will be the property of the prince among the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file +"This portion of the land will be the property of the prince among the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/09.md b/ezk/45/09.md index bc4871c158..3343c61b71 100644 --- a/ezk/45/09.md +++ b/ezk/45/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## It is enough for you ## +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -"You have done far too much of this" or "You have been acting this way for far too long" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## scales ## +# It is enough for you -an instrument that was used to weight things that people sold or bought +"You have done too many bad things" or "You have been acting badly for far too long" -## so that a bath will be a tenth of a homer ## +# scales + +an instrument that was used to weigh things that people sold or bought + +# so that a bath will be a tenth of a homer "so that ten baths will be the same amount as a homer" -## homer ## +# homer -about 220 liters (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +about 220 liters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## shekel ## +# shekel -about 11 grams (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +about 11 grams (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## gerahs ## +# gerahs -about 0.55 grams (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +about 0.55 grams (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## mina ## +# mina -about 660 grams (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) \ No newline at end of file +about 660 grams (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/13.md b/ezk/45/13.md index 022b3d41a2..89aabef5e2 100644 --- a/ezk/45/13.md +++ b/ezk/45/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## for every homer of wheat ## +# for every homer of wheat -It is implied that this is the amount of wheat that that the people harvest. AT: "for every homer of wheat from the harvest." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It is implied that this is the amount of wheat that the people harvest. AT: "for every homer of wheat from the harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The regulation offering of oil will be ## +# The regulation offering of oil will be a tenth of a bath -"This is the rule about the oil, about the bath of oil" +"You must offer one tenth of a bath of oil" -## the watered regions of Israel ## +# the watered regions of Israel "the parts of Israel that get a good amount of water" -## will be used for ## +# will be used for -AT: "You will use these contributions for." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you will use for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/16.md b/ezk/45/16.md index 6d0b116d6a..eb65235406 100644 --- a/ezk/45/16.md +++ b/ezk/45/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## the fixed festivals ## +# the fixed festivals -"the appointed festivals" +the festivals that happen at the same time every year or month or week -## the house of Israel ## +# the house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/18.md b/ezk/45/18.md index 5b65a2a4d7..683807a0ef 100644 --- a/ezk/45/18.md +++ b/ezk/45/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## you will take ## +# The Lord Yahweh says this -The word "you" is singular and refers to whoever is the prince in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## for each person’s sin by accident ## +# In the first month, on the first day of the month -"for each person who had sinned without meaning to" or "for each person who had sinned by accident" +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## or ignorance ## +# you will take -"or had sinned because he did not know any better" or "or had sinned because he did not know what was right" \ No newline at end of file +The word "you" is singular and refers to whoever is the prince in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# on the seventh of the month + +"on the seventh day of the first month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# for each person's sin by accident or ignorance + +"for each person who had sinned without meaning to or because he did not know he was sinning" or "for each person who had sinned by accident or because he did not now what was right" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/21.md b/ezk/45/21.md index aa08d1126e..c43e841e2f 100644 --- a/ezk/45/21.md +++ b/ezk/45/21.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## for you ## +# In the first month on the fourteenth day of the month -The word "you" is plural and refers to the prince and the rest of the people of the house of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# for you + +The word "you" is plural and refers to the prince and the rest of the people of the house of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/23.md b/ezk/45/23.md index ca4a4c82ec..7e3fa4ba7e 100644 --- a/ezk/45/23.md +++ b/ezk/45/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## food offering ## +# food offering This is also called a "grain offering." -## seven bulls and seven unblemished rams ## +# Seven bulls and seven unblemished rams -"seven bulls and seven rams that are completely healthy" \ No newline at end of file +"Seven bulls and seven rams that are completely healthy" + +# an ephah + +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "twenty-two liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a hin + +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "four liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# each ephah + +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "each twenty-two liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/25.md b/ezk/45/25.md index cb6a9ce776..20f110d733 100644 --- a/ezk/45/25.md +++ b/ezk/45/25.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## at the festival ## +# In the seventh month on the fifteenth day of the month -This is a different festival than the festival Ezekiel was describing before. \ No newline at end of file +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# at the festival + +This is a different festival from the festival Ezekiel was describing before. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/intro.md b/ezk/45/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..299e9ab792 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/45/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 45 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There should be an area around the temple complex for the homes of the priests and Levites who work at the temple. People should celebrate the festivals. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 45:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../44/intro.md) | [>>](../46/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/01.md b/ezk/46/01.md index 8a874ace95..ba4c045fa6 100644 --- a/ezk/46/01.md +++ b/ezk/46/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## inner courtyard ## +# The Lord Yahweh says this + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# The gate of the inner courtyard, facing east + +"the gate on the east side of the inner courtyard" or "the eastern gate of the inner courtyard" + +# inner courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -## facing east ## +# inner gate -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:1](../11/01.md). - -## inner gate ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:17](../40/17.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:19](../40/17.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/03.md b/ezk/46/03.md index 99dc586dd4..1be0ec7f73 100644 --- a/ezk/46/03.md +++ b/ezk/46/03.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## before Yahweh ## +# before Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:22](../43/22.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:24](../43/22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/06.md b/ezk/46/06.md index e8610db068..4f005ee691 100644 --- a/ezk/46/06.md +++ b/ezk/46/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## portico ## +# unblemished -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:8](../40/08.md). \ No newline at end of file +perfectly healthy and normal + +# portico + +covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/09.md b/ezk/46/09.md index d4ee55a2d8..f9fe10e3bd 100644 --- a/ezk/46/09.md +++ b/ezk/46/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## before Yahweh ## +# before Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 44:1](../44/01.md). +"in front of Yahweh" or "in the presence of Yahweh." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 44:3](../44/01.md). -## appointed festivals ## +# appointed festivals -See how you translated "appointed feasts" in [Ezekiel 36:37](../36/37.md). \ No newline at end of file +Translate as you translated "appointed feasts" in [Ezekiel 36:37](../36/37.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/11.md b/ezk/46/11.md index a9d3113d0f..5dfc135f19 100644 --- a/ezk/46/11.md +++ b/ezk/46/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## for it ## +# the gate facing east will be opened for him -"for himself" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Levites will open the gate facing east for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the gate facing east + +"the eastern gate" or "the gate on the east side of the courtyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/13.md b/ezk/46/13.md index 0c4f4b0f70..de6b9b5ca5 100644 --- a/ezk/46/13.md +++ b/ezk/46/13.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -## to moisten ## +# to moisten "which will soak" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/16.md b/ezk/46/16.md index a69e7010a8..f9a2d8c050 100644 --- a/ezk/46/16.md +++ b/ezk/46/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## year of liberty ## +# The Lord Yahweh says this + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). AT: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# year of liberty This is the year that a servant gains freedom. This is also called the "Year of Jubilee." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/19.md b/ezk/46/19.md index 086a9a1505..89a739192f 100644 --- a/ezk/46/19.md +++ b/ezk/46/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## which faced north ## +# which faced north "which had their main entrances to the north" -## behold ## +# behold! -The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel saw something interesting. +Ezekiel saw something interesting. -## outer courtyard ## +# outer courtyard -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:3](../10/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/21.md b/ezk/46/21.md index 06ae04731d..ab29a9ad17 100644 --- a/ezk/46/21.md +++ b/ezk/46/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## outer courtyard ## +# outer courtyard -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:3](../10/03.md). +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/03.md). -## Behold ## +# forty cubits ... thirty -The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel saw something interesting. +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "40 cubits ... 30 cubits" or "about 21.6 meters ... about 16.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## there were four corner courtyards ## +# cooking hearths -"there were courtyards that had four corners" - -## There the same dimensions for all four four of the corner courtyards ## - -"All four of the courtyards in the corners were the same size" \ No newline at end of file +places where people can build fire and cook food \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/intro.md b/ezk/46/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7810880db5 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/46/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 46 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focuses on many of the temple's rules. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 46:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../45/intro.md) | [>>](../47/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/01.md b/ezk/47/01.md index 6141708d09..941a201d17 100644 --- a/ezk/47/01.md +++ b/ezk/47/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Behold ## +# for the front of the temple faced east -The word “behold” here shows that what Ezekiel saw was important. +"for the front of the temple was its east side" -## faced east ## +# to the right of the altar -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). +This is the right side of the altar when a person looks at it while they are facing east, so it is on the south side of the altar. AT: "on the south side of the altar" -## to the right of the altar ## +# the gate facing east -This is the right side of the altar when a person looks at it while they are facing east. So, it is on the south side of the altar. AT: "on the south side of the altar." \ No newline at end of file +"the eastern gate" or "the eastern gate of the outer wall" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/03.md b/ezk/47/03.md index cd55ac9dcc..46edcd35f4 100644 --- a/ezk/47/03.md +++ b/ezk/47/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## measuring line ## +# measuring line -a string or a rope that people use to measure longer distances \ No newline at end of file +a string or a rope that people use to measure longer distances + +# one thousand cubits + +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. AT: "1,000 cubits" or "about 540 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# a river that could not be crossed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "a river that no one could cross on foot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/06.md b/ezk/47/06.md index dfe0e7cea6..8484482783 100644 --- a/ezk/47/06.md +++ b/ezk/47/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Son of man ## +# Son of man -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). AT: "Mortal person" or "Human" -## do you see this ## +# do you see this? -AT: "Pay attentions to this" or "think about this carefully" (UDB). See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:14](../08/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Behold ## - -The word “behold” here shows that what Ezekiel was important. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:15](../08/14.md). AT: "think about this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/09.md b/ezk/47/09.md index 42a4877dcc..d65ffc86db 100644 --- a/ezk/47/09.md +++ b/ezk/47/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## It will happen ## +# Then it will happen -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:6](../21/06.md). +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:7](../21/06.md). -## En Gedi ## +# En Gedi -a very large spring on the western side of the Salt Sea +This is the name of a very large spring on the western side of the Salt Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## to dry out ## +# a place to dry out the fishing nets -"for people to dry out" +"a place for people to dry out their fishing nets" -## En Eglaim ## +# En Eglaim -a large spring on the eastern side of the Salt Sea \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a large spring on the eastern side of the Salt Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/11.md b/ezk/47/11.md index 839e67bfc0..ad67124c11 100644 --- a/ezk/47/11.md +++ b/ezk/47/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## swamps ## +# swamps -places that have water but are also muddy +places with shallow water and trees growing in deep mud -## marshes ## +# marshes -places that have shallow water \ No newline at end of file +places with shallow water and grasses growing in deep mud \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/13.md b/ezk/47/13.md index d03686ee8a..14f22a9635 100644 --- a/ezk/47/13.md +++ b/ezk/47/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## Joseph will have two portions ## +# Joseph will have two portions -AT: "the descendants of Joseph will receive two areas of land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The person is a metonym for his descendants. AT: "the descendants of Joseph will receive two areas of land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## each man and brother among you ## +# I lifted up my hand and swore -This phrase means "each person receiving an equal amount of land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## I lifted up my hand to swear ## - -See how you translated "I raised my hand to swear" in [Ezekiel 20:4](../20/04.md). - -## in the same way this ## - -"so, indeed, this" \ No newline at end of file +In those days a person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/15.md b/ezk/47/15.md index 39e40bd109..e826cc8a28 100644 --- a/ezk/47/15.md +++ b/ezk/47/15.md @@ -1,31 +1,11 @@ -## Hethlon ## +# boundary -the name of a place that was probably a little ways north and east of Tripoli. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +the end of an area of land -## Lebo Hamath ## +# Hethlon ... Zedad ... Berothah ... Sibraim ... Hazer Hattikon ... Hauran ... Hazar Enan -the name of a place that was in Lebanon about 72.5 kilometer directly north of Damascus +These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Zedad ## +# border -the name of a city in Lebanon that was probably in the same place that Sadad is today. Sadad is about 53 kilometer north-east of where Lebo Hamath probably was. - -## Berothah ## - -a place in Lebanon that is a little bit south of where Baalbek is - -## Sibraim ## - -a place between Damascus and Hamath - -## Hazer Hatticon ## - -a place that was probably between Damascus and Hauran - -## Hauran ## - -a place east of the sea of Galilee. It was probably close to where Es Suwayda is. - -## Hazar Enon ## - -a place in Syria. It was probably in the same place as Al Quaryatayn, which is about 113 kilometers north-east of Damascus. \ No newline at end of file +where two areas of land meet \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/18.md b/ezk/47/18.md index ee41527418..0a7d20b61f 100644 --- a/ezk/47/18.md +++ b/ezk/47/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Tamar ## +# Hauran ... Tamar ... Meribah Kadesh ... Hamath -a city about 32 kilometers southwest from the southern part of the Salt Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Meribah Kadesh ## +# Then the south side -a place on the border between Israel and Egypt, halfway between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea +You may need to add the omitted word. AT: "Then measure the south side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## the Brook of Egypt ## +# the brook of Egypt a very large ravine in the northeast part of the Sinai \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/21.md b/ezk/47/21.md index bc0d5f1174..7d1f606364 100644 --- a/ezk/47/21.md +++ b/ezk/47/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## for yourselves ## +# Then it will happen that -The word "yourselves" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:7](../21/06.md). -## Then it will happen that ## +# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:6](../21/06.md). - -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/intro.md b/ezk/47/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..23f025e350 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/47/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ezekiel 47 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There was a river flowing from the temple. The land was to be divided among the tribes. The landscape of Jerusalem will have changed in a significant way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 47:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../46/intro.md) | [>>](../48/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/01.md b/ezk/48/01.md index 108a485f40..ec9b4c71d2 100644 --- a/ezk/48/01.md +++ b/ezk/48/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## one portion of land ## +# one portion of land "one piece of the land that you will distribute" -## Hethlon...Lebo Hamath...Hazar Enan ## +# boundary will run ... boundary will go -See how you translated these in [Ezekiel 47:15](../47/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +"boundary will be ... boundary will be" + +# Hethlon ... Lebo Hamath ... Hazar Enan + +names of towns. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:15-17](../47/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/04.md b/ezk/48/04.md index 9d5302ac6a..7a19f94835 100644 --- a/ezk/48/04.md +++ b/ezk/48/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## one portion ## +# one portion -See how you translated "one portion of land" in [Ezekiel 48:1](./01.md). +Translate as you translated "one portion of land" in [Ezekiel 48:1](./01.md). -## extending from the east side to the west side ## +# from the east side to the west -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 48:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 48:3](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/08.md b/ezk/48/08.md index 3713cf55fb..2430f7a06d 100644 --- a/ezk/48/08.md +++ b/ezk/48/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. -## cubits ## +# twenty-five thousand cubits ... ten thousand cubits -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). - -## wide ## - -"from north to south \ No newline at end of file +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "25,000 cubits ... 10,000 cubits" or "13.5 kilometers ... 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/10.md b/ezk/48/10.md index b063dcf3ec..96d9e99c31 100644 --- a/ezk/48/10.md +++ b/ezk/48/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## The offering for them will be a portion of this most holy land ## +# The priests will have land assigned to them + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The leaders of the Israelites will assign land to the priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# twenty-five thousand cubits ... ten thousand cubits + +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "25,000 cubits ... 10,000 cubits" or "13.5 kilometers ... 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# The offering for them will be a portion of this most holy land "This smaller portion within the holy portion of the land will belong to these priests, a portion that is more holy than the rest of the holy portion of the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/13.md b/ezk/48/13.md index 6e50de2634..389d5e106c 100644 --- a/ezk/48/13.md +++ b/ezk/48/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## this first fruits ## +# twenty-five thousand cubits ... ten thousand cubits -"this land which is the first fruits." The people will give this land to Yahweh as a type of first fruit offering from the land that he will give them. \ No newline at end of file +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "25,000 cubits ... 10,000 cubits" or "13.5 kilometers ... 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# this firstfruits + +"this land which is the firstfruits." Here "firstfruits" probably means the best things among all the offerings set aside to give to God. This land is spoken of in that way, as land set aside for Yahweh's use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/15.md b/ezk/48/15.md index 31e9054a4f..8814066913 100644 --- a/ezk/48/15.md +++ b/ezk/48/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## will be for the collective use of the city ## +# five thousand cubits ... twenty-five thousand cubits -"will be an area that is shared among the people of the city" +"5000 cubits ... 25,000 cubits." Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "almost 2.3 kilometers ... about 13.5 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## the houses, and the pastureland ## +# will be for the collective use of the city + +"will be an area that all the people of the city will share and use" + +# 4,500 cubits + +"four thousand five hundred cubits." Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "about 2.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# the houses, and the pastureland "as a place for houses and for an open space" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/17.md b/ezk/48/17.md index d4a95a11af..724f932344 100644 --- a/ezk/48/17.md +++ b/ezk/48/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## its produce ## +# 250 cubits ... ten thousand cubits -"the things grown there" \ No newline at end of file +"two hundred and fifty cubits ... 10,000 cubits." A cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "about 135 meters ... about 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# its produce + +"the food that grows there" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/19.md b/ezk/48/19.md index 39b06c5cfb..bce7ac1ee9 100644 --- a/ezk/48/19.md +++ b/ezk/48/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. -## In this way you will make the holy offering of land, together with the land for the city. ## +# twenty-five thousand cubits + +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "25,000 cubits" or "about 13.5 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# In this way you will make the holy offering of land, together with the land for the city. "You will offer the holy offering and also the property of the city" -## you ## +# you -This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## the holy offering ## +# the holy offering the land that the people of Israel gave to Yahweh for the Levites, the priests, and the temple \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/21.md b/ezk/48/21.md index 1a0e00be9c..a5e0acf097 100644 --- a/ezk/48/21.md +++ b/ezk/48/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the holy offering ## +# the holy offering -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 48:17](./17.md). +See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 48:18](./17.md). -## the temple sanctuary ## +# twenty-five thousand cubits -"the temple of the house" or "the temple of the sanctuary" \ No newline at end of file +Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "25,000 cubits" or "about 13.5 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/23.md b/ezk/48/23.md index 64f91e22d6..7d23296156 100644 --- a/ezk/48/23.md +++ b/ezk/48/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## one portion ## +# one portion -See how you translated "one portion of land" in [Ezekiel 48:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +Translate as you translated "one portion of land" in [Ezekiel 48:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/27.md b/ezk/48/27.md index f8861e338d..9b219f9253 100644 --- a/ezk/48/27.md +++ b/ezk/48/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. -## Tamar...Meribah Kadesh...Brook of Egypt ## +# Tamar ... Meribah Kadesh -See how you translated these in [Ezekiel 47:18](../47/18.md). +names of towns. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:19](../47/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## you ## +# the brook of Egypt -This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +a very large ravine in the northeast part of the Sinai. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:19](../47/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## cast lots ## +# you + +This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# cast lots See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 45:1](../45/01.md). -## This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration ## +# This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). AT: "This is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/30.md b/ezk/48/30.md index 48d76fed50..d3315593ed 100644 --- a/ezk/48/30.md +++ b/ezk/48/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## cubits ## +# 4,500 cubits -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). - -## 4,500 cubits ## - -about 2.4 kilometers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) \ No newline at end of file +"four thousand five hundred cubits." Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). AT: "about 2.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/33.md b/ezk/48/33.md index 48d76fed50..2bded05d3f 100644 --- a/ezk/48/33.md +++ b/ezk/48/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## cubits ## +# 4,500 cubits -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). - -## 4,500 cubits ## - -about 2.4 kilometers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) \ No newline at end of file +"four thousand five hunded cubits." This is about 2.4 kilometers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/intro.md b/ezk/48/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..53c48be5c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/48/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Ezekiel 48 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There is more dividing of the land between the tribes in this chapter as well. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ezekiel 48:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../47/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/front/intro.md b/ezk/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9a364c2652 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezk/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +# Introduction to Ezekiel # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Ezekiel #### + +1. The approaching destruction of Jerusalem (Chapters 1–27) + - Call of Ezekiel (1:1–3:21) + - Judgment against what people have done (3:22–11:25) + - Prediction of Jerusalem's fall and captivity of its people (12:1–27:7) +1. The prophecies, oracles, and laments toward neighboring nations (25:1–32:32) +1. Oracles of hope (33:1–48:35) + - New covenant (33:1–22) + - New life (34:1–31) + - Edom the enemy, destroyed (35:1–15) + - Israel restored (36:1–37:28) + - Gog and Magog (38:1–39:29) + - The Temple idealized and the city restored (40:1–48:35) + + +#### What is Ezekiel about? #### + +This book contains prophecies that were given between 592 BC and 573 BC. Ezekiel tells the Jewish people in exile in Babylonia that God has punished them for their sin and unfaithfulness to him, but that he will restore Judah. God is using Babylon to punish them, but the enemy nations will be crushed in their turn. There is prophecy about the restoration and renewal of worship, the sacrificial system, and the new temple. The Book of Ezekiel ends with the reallocation of the Israel's land among all the tribes of Israel. Ezekiel concludes with the overarching principle that "Yahweh is there." + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"Ezekiel" may also be called the "The Messages from God brought by Ezekiel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Ezekiel? #### + +The prophecies in the Book of Ezekiel came through Ezekiel, a prophet who lived near Babylon in the time of the exile. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was Ezekiel's temple? #### + +A large portion of the Book of Ezekiel gives instructions regarding the building of a new temple. However, this temple is not the same as the temple the people would build after going back to Jerusalem. Because Ezekiel's temple has never been built, some people believe that this temple is to be built in the future. Others believe that Ezekiel's temple is symbolic of the Church. + +#### Do the sacrifices in Ezekiel follow the law of Moses? #### + +If one was to compare some of the required sacrifices in Numbers 28 with the sacrifices in Ezekiel 46, there are some differences. These differences probably exist because Ezekiel prophesies about a new temple with a new sacrificial system. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +===How should one represent Ezekiel's visions in translation?=== + +The Book of Ezekiel has many complicated visions, with dazzling and stunning images. Some of his visions became the foundation for many other books of Scripture that also contain descriptions of events of the end of the world. Some of these visions are about God rescuing Israel in the distant future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +It is unclear whether Ezekiel actually traveled to particular places named in the visions, or whether he had only a mental idea of what he was describing. For this reason, Ezekiel's viewpoint is sometimes difficult to understand, even though the visions' meanings may be clear. + +Translators should avoid the temptation to explain these visions; instead, the visions should be presented just as they are in the source text. + +#### What does "and you will know that I am the Lord" mean? #### + +This is a common phrase in the Book of Ezekiel. It is meant to assure the reader that these messages truly come from God, and that he will do what he has promised. The translator may also use the phrase "and you will understand that I am God and what I say will happen." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/01/01.md b/ezr/01/01.md index 4dce0c3081..4b87b300b0 100644 --- a/ezr/01/01.md +++ b/ezr/01/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## first year ## +# first year -referring to the beginning of reign of King Cyrus (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This refers to the beginning of the reign of King Cyrus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## came from the mouth of Jeremiah ## +# Yahweh fulfilled his word that came from the mouth of Jeremiah -That Jeremiah wrote or spoke about. +Here "mouth" represents speaking. AT: "Yahweh did what Jeremiah prophesied that Yahweh would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## this is what was written ## +# Yahweh -This refers to the following text that contains King Cyrus' proclamation. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# Yahweh ... stirred Cyrus's spirit + +Here Cyrus is represented by his spirit. This speaks of Yahweh causing Cyrus to want to act as if he "stirred" his spirit. AT: "Yahweh ... made Cyrus want to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Cyrus' voice went out over his entire kingdom + +The voice is a metonym for the message the voice speaks, and the kingdom is a metonym for the people whom a king rules. AT: "Cyrus sent a message to everyone over whom he ruled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what was written and spoken + +This can be translated in active form. It might be best to translate so the reader understands that other people might have helped Cyrus get the message to the people over whom he ruled. AT: "what Cyrus wrote and what his messengers read so people could hear them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all the kingdoms of the earth + +Here "all" is an exaggeration, as there were kingdoms over which Cyrus did not rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# for him a house in ... Judea + +You may need to make explicit that the house was for people to worship Yahweh. AT: "a house in ... Judea where people can worship him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/01/03.md b/ezr/01/03.md index 4003a0df45..681b1b295a 100644 --- a/ezr/01/03.md +++ b/ezr/01/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## his people ## +# his people -God's chosen people or the people who belong to Yahweh. +the people who belong to Yahweh. -## survivors of that land are living should provide them ## +# survivors of that land ... should provide them -Those Israelites that choose to stay should help those who choose to go physically and financially. \ No newline at end of file +Those Israelites who choose to stay where they are should help those who choose to go to Jerusalem physically and financially. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/01/05.md b/ezr/01/05.md index c7c7025f4c..159636e56d 100644 --- a/ezr/01/05.md +++ b/ezr/01/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## their work ## +# their work -Refers to the work of the people in the previous verse roused by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pluralpronouns]]) +This refers to the work of the people roused by God in the previous verse. -## everyone whose spirit God roused to go ## +# everyone whose spirit God stirred to go -God put the desire to go back to Israel in the hearts of people to build his house. \ No newline at end of file +Stirring the spirit is a metonym for making someone want to act. See how you translated these words in [Esra 1:1](./01.md). AT: "everyone whom God had made want to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/01/07.md b/ezr/01/07.md index 7256e1f2d1..5d2055c4f1 100644 --- a/ezr/01/07.md +++ b/ezr/01/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Mithredath ## +# Mithredath ... Sheshbazzar -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Sheshbazzar ## +# put them into the hand of Mithredath the treasurer -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Putting an object into someone's hand is a metaphor for allowing that person to do what he wants with that object. Here the reader should understand that Cyrus expected Mithredath to do what Cyrus wanted him to do. AT: "put Mithredath the treasurer in charge of them" or "made Mithredath the treasurer responsible for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## treasurer ## +# treasurer -An official in charge of money. \ No newline at end of file +official in charge of money \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/01/09.md b/ezr/01/09.md index 5db5841345..1abbf112c2 100644 --- a/ezr/01/09.md +++ b/ezr/01/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + This is a list of numbered items. -## thirty...one thousand...twenty nine ## +# thirty ... one thousand ... twenty-nine ... 410 -30 (thirty), 1,000 (one thousand), and 29 (twenty nine). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"30 ... 1,000 ... 29 ... four hundred and ten" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## basins and bowls ## +# basins ... bowls objects used to hold water for washing -## 5,400 gold and silver items in all ## +# 5,400 ... in all -the total number of items returned to Jerusalem from Babylon, listed above individually. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"five thousand four hundred ... in all." This is the total number of items returned to Jerusalem from Babylon, which are listed above individually. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/01/intro.md b/ezr/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bd8327db70 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Ezra 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The chapter records the story of the first Jews as they return from Persia to Judea. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### King Cyrus ##### +King Cyrus allowed them to return because he wanted them to rebuild the temple. Those who stayed behind gave gifts to those who left to help them on their journey and resettlement. This practice was common under the reign of Cyrus and was used as a way to maintain peace throughout his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Jews ##### +Upon return to Judea, the focus of the rest of the Old Testament is on the Jewish people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Esra intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/01.md b/ezr/02/01.md index b989465534..2f620c3497 100644 --- a/ezr/02/01.md +++ b/ezr/02/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,15 @@ -Begins a list of names of people. +# General Information: -## Seraiah ## +This begins a list of the names of people who returned from the exile. -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# went up -## Reeliaiah ## +This is an idiom that refers to traveling toward Jerusalem. AT: "returned" or "came back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, Bigvai, Rehum, and Baanah -## Bilshan ## +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# This is the record -## Mispar ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Bigvai ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Rehum ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Baanah ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the list of men in 2:3-35. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/03.md b/ezr/02/03.md index 91c8de4a59..a452feedba 100644 --- a/ezr/02/03.md +++ b/ezr/02/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## Parosh ## +# General Information: -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This continues the list of the names of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Shephatiah ## +# Parosh ... Shephatiah ... Arah ... Pahath-Moab ... Jeshua -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Arach ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Jeshua ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/07.md b/ezr/02/07.md index 511e041245..3c6df8793f 100644 --- a/ezr/02/07.md +++ b/ezr/02/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Zattu ## +# General Information: -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This continues the list of the names of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Zaccai ## +# Zattu ... Zakkai ... Bani -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Bani ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/11.md b/ezr/02/11.md index 418a18f19a..f307bc34d6 100644 --- a/ezr/02/11.md +++ b/ezr/02/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Bebai ## +# General Information: -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This continues the list of the names of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Azgad ## +# Bebai ... Azgad ... Adonikam -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Adonikam ## +# Bigvai -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Bigvai ## - -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:02](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/15.md b/ezr/02/15.md index 1a65a67aca..a17321d57d 100644 --- a/ezr/02/15.md +++ b/ezr/02/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Adin ## +# General Information: -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This continues the list of the names of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Ater ## +# Adin ... Ater ... Bezai -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Bezai ## +# ninety-eight -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"98" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/19.md b/ezr/02/19.md index 9b49a627fc..4ca55a012e 100644 --- a/ezr/02/19.md +++ b/ezr/02/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Hashum ## +# General Information: -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This continues the list of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group. Notice that staring in 2:21 these now are the names of places from where they originally came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Gibbar ## +# Hashum ... Gibbar -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Netophah ## +# ninety-five ... fifty-six -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"95 ... 56" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# The men of Bethlehem + +This begins to list the number of people whose ancestors had lived in towns in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Netophah + +This is the name of a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/23.md b/ezr/02/23.md index 71f7c96d97..32c4f06052 100644 --- a/ezr/02/23.md +++ b/ezr/02/23.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## Anathoth ## +# General Information: -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This continues the list people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group whose ancestors came from the places listed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Azmaveth ## +# Anathoth ... Azmaveth ... Kiriath Arim ... Kephirah ... Beeroth ... Geba -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Kiriath Arim ## +# forty-two -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Chephirah ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Beeroth ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Geba ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"42" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/27.md b/ezr/02/27.md index 60a5653bfb..5250faa0ca 100644 --- a/ezr/02/27.md +++ b/ezr/02/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Michmash ## +# General Information: -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This continues with the list of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group whose ancestors came from the places listed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Nebo ## +# Michmas ... Nebo ... Magbish -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## fifty-two ## +# fifty-two -two** - 52 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## magbish ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"52" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/31.md b/ezr/02/31.md index 92c723a712..26a42aba9b 100644 --- a/ezr/02/31.md +++ b/ezr/02/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## Harim ## +# General Information: -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This continues with the list of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group whose ancestors came from the places listed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Lod ## +# Harim ... Lod ... Hadid ... Ono -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Hadad ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Ono ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/34.md b/ezr/02/34.md index 52cd1bc039..98d8ba82fa 100644 --- a/ezr/02/34.md +++ b/ezr/02/34.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Senaah ## +# General Information: -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This continues with the list of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group whose ancestors came from the places listed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Senaah + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/36.md b/ezr/02/36.md index 3e0a613ded..4a9ebaf4e7 100644 --- a/ezr/02/36.md +++ b/ezr/02/36.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Jedaiah ## +# General Information: -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This section lists the names of priests whose descendants returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Jeshua ## +# Jedaiah ... Immer ... Pashhur ... Harim -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:3](./03.md). +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Immer ## +# Jeshua -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:06](./03.md). -## Pashhur ## +# Harim -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Harim ## - -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:31](./31.md). \ No newline at end of file +The "Harim" in [Esra 2:32](./31.md) is the name of a place, but here "Harim" is the name of a man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/40.md b/ezr/02/40.md index e3d9149980..4b7d2cc232 100644 --- a/ezr/02/40.md +++ b/ezr/02/40.md @@ -1,37 +1,19 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# General Information: -## Kadmiel ## +This section lists the names of Levites whose descendants returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Kadmiel ... Hodaviah ... Shallum ... Talmon, Akkub, Hatita, and Shobai -## Hodaviah ## +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# seventy-four -## gatekeepers ## +"74" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -Those in charge of who enters or exits the gates of the temple. +# gatekeepers -## Shallum ## +those in charge of who goes through the gates of the temple -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Ater -## Ater ## - -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:15](./15.md) - -## Talmon ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Akkub ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Hatita ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Shobai ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:16](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/43.md b/ezr/02/43.md index 70f3943ea5..93682576ef 100644 --- a/ezr/02/43.md +++ b/ezr/02/43.md @@ -1,47 +1,11 @@ -## Ziha ## +# General Information: -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This section continues listing the names of Levites whose descendants returned from the exile. -## Hasupha ## +# Ziha, Hasupha, Tabbaoth, Keros, Siaha, Padon, Lebanah, Hagabah ... Hagab, Shalmai, and Hanan -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Tabbaoth ## +# Akkub -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Kereos ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Siaha ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Padon ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Lebanah ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Hagabah ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Akkub ## - -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:40](./40.md) - -## Hagab ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Shalmai ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Hanan ## - -This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Esra 2:42](./40.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/47.md b/ezr/02/47.md index 957e2c9563..0a8e443d13 100644 --- a/ezr/02/47.md +++ b/ezr/02/47.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -A continuation of the list of names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +This section continues listing the names of Levites whose descendants returned from the exile. These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/51.md b/ezr/02/51.md index 9f758121c4..0a8e443d13 100644 --- a/ezr/02/51.md +++ b/ezr/02/51.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +This section continues listing the names of Levites whose descendants returned from the exile. These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/55.md b/ezr/02/55.md index 3e515fad5f..b1af5ad608 100644 --- a/ezr/02/55.md +++ b/ezr/02/55.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +This section continues listing the names of Levites whose descendants returned from the exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 392 total descendants + +"three hundred and ninety-two total descendants." This is the number of all the people in this group who came back from the exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/59.md b/ezr/02/59.md index ef2ace70a1..f53d5fbd7b 100644 --- a/ezr/02/59.md +++ b/ezr/02/59.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -( See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## Tel Melach, Tel Charsha, Kerub, Addan, and Immer ## +This is a list of people who had returned to Israel from various Babylonian cities but could not prove their heritage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -These were places in Babylon that no longer exist. \ No newline at end of file +# Tel Melah, Tel Harsha, Kerub, Addon, and Immer + +These are the names of places in Babylon that no longer exist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 652 descendants + +"six hundred and fifty-two descendants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Delaiah, Tobiah, and Nekoda + +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/61.md b/ezr/02/61.md index 1ea6f7cb45..061ade8844 100644 --- a/ezr/02/61.md +++ b/ezr/02/61.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## They tried to find their geneology in the register ## +# Habaiah ... Hakkoz ... Barzillai -Only true descendants of Aaron where allowed to serve as priests before God in His temple. +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Urim and Thummim ## +# their genealogical records -A form of divination approved by God to discern issues that require God's intervention. \ No newline at end of file +the records that told who their ancestors were + +# could not find them + +"could not find their names in the records of the priests" + +# they were excluded from the priesthood as unclean + +This can be translated in active form. The abstract noun "priesthood" can be translated as the verb "work as priests." AT: "the other priests treated them as if they were unclean and did not allow them to work as priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# unclean + +not fit to be priests + +# Urim and Thummim + +two items like dice that the priests used to decide what God wanted them to do \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/64.md b/ezr/02/64.md index 81b41f5af2..f0111bdf39 100644 --- a/ezr/02/64.md +++ b/ezr/02/64.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## whole group ## +# whole group -the whole group that returned back to the land of Judah. +This means the whole group that returned back to the land of Judah from the exile. -## their maidservants ## +# 42,360 -"their female servants" \ No newline at end of file +"forty-two thousand three hundred and sixty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# their maidservants + +"their female servants" + +# these were 7,337 + +"these were seven thousand three hundred and thirty-seven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# two hundred + +"200" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/66.md b/ezr/02/66.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..44d54283ce --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/02/66.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + +This is a list of the animals along with the numbers of each kind that returned with the people from the exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/68.md b/ezr/02/68.md index e24dbda800..ca87b77c85 100644 --- a/ezr/02/68.md +++ b/ezr/02/68.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## gold darics ## +# sixty-one thousand ... five thousand ... one hundred -A "daric" was a small gold coin used by the Persian Empire. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +"61,000 ... 5,000 ... 100" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## minas ## +# gold darics -A measure of money by weight. Minas is normally linked with measuring silver. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) \ No newline at end of file +A "daric" was a small gold coin used by the Persian Empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# minas + +A mina is a unit of weight. One mina equals 550 grams. Minas are normally linked with measuring silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# tunics + +garments worn next to the skin \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/70.md b/ezr/02/70.md index 9cf23373c1..7ae8b3cc4f 100644 --- a/ezr/02/70.md +++ b/ezr/02/70.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## All the people in Israel were in their cities ## +# All the people in Israel were in their cities Everyone went back to their home towns in Judea. Not everyone resettled in Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/intro.md b/ezr/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d2553c88bd --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Ezra 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Genealogy ##### +People had to prove they were priests, or that they were Jews, through their genealogies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/03/01.md b/ezr/03/01.md index 7e0b09813b..f7a9ac3b17 100644 --- a/ezr/03/01.md +++ b/ezr/03/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## gathered together as one person ## +# the seventh month -A simple comparison expressing common purpose. +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is at the end of the dry season and the beginning of the early rain season. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Jeshua ## +# as one man -See how you wrote this in [Esra 2:36](../02/36.md). +One man is in only one place and has only one purpose. AT: "for one purpose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Shealtiel ## +# Jeshua -Name of a man.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. Translate the same as in [Esra 2:36](../02/36.md). + +# Shealtiel + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# rose up and built + +Standing up is a metaphor for beginning to act. AT: "began to act and built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as commanded in the law of Moses + +This can be translated in active form. You may need to make explicit whom and what Yahweh had commanded. AT: "as Yahweh had commanded them to do in the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/03/03.md b/ezr/03/03.md index 0e17262868..867c1f9d6d 100644 --- a/ezr/03/03.md +++ b/ezr/03/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## dread was on them ## +# established the altar on its stand -The people were living in fear of the people currently living in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"mounted the altar on its stand" or "placed the altar on its stand so it would stay there" -## They offered burnt offerings to Yahweh at dawn and evening ## +# dread was on them -One of the first things the people did was to re-institute the temple sacrifices. This was before the temple was rebuild. \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "they were very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# because of the people of the land + +You may need to make explicit what it was about the people of the land that made the Jews afraid. AT: "because they thought the people of the land wanted to attack them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They offered burnt offerings to Yahweh at dawn and evening + +One of the first things the people did was to begin offering sacrifices. This was before the temple was rebuilt. + +# the Festival of Shelters + +This is a festival that was celebrated for eight days during the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It was associated with the time of the exodus when the Israelites lived in tents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/03/06.md b/ezr/03/06.md index 39466105ba..9286278990 100644 --- a/ezr/03/06.md +++ b/ezr/03/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the first day of seventh month ## +# the first day of the seventh month -"the first day of seventh month when they returned to Jerusalem." As stated in [Esra 3:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## the temple had not been founded ## +# the temple had not been founded -"the temple had not been rebuilt" +The Jews began the ceremonies of worship even before they started building the temple. AT: "they had not yet laid the foundation for the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## as authorized for them by Cyrus, king of Persia ## +# as authorized for them by Cyrus, king of Persia -The letters sent by Cyrus gave the Jews permission to buy materials and build the temple. The Jews were responsible to pay for the materials and labor out of the funds they collected before leaving Persia. \ No newline at end of file +The letters sent by Cyrus gave the Jews permission to buy materials and build the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/03/08.md b/ezr/03/08.md index 4a63d8498a..ede26c99e4 100644 --- a/ezr/03/08.md +++ b/ezr/03/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## second month of the second year ## +# second month -Numbered month and year counting from their arrival at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. This is during the warm season when people are harvesting crops. It is during the last part of April and the first part of May on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## twenty years old ## +# the second year -An age based on counting years from birth. +This is during the year after the one in which they returned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Kadmiel ## +# to the house of God -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:40](../02/40.md). +You may need to make explicit that there was no house of God standing when they arrived. AT: "to where the house of God had stood" or "to where they were going to build the house of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Henadad ## +# Jeshua ... Jozadak ... Henadad -A man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twenty years old + +"20 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Kadmiel + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:40](../02/40.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/03/10.md b/ezr/03/10.md index 3a7e9b773e..70705909bf 100644 --- a/ezr/03/10.md +++ b/ezr/03/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## laid a foundation ## +# laid a foundation -"foundation in this sense was more than just the stone blocks to support the temple walls. It included the entire temple floor set in stone. This enabled all the temple worshipper to wear their special garments and keep them clean. +"foundation" in this sense was more than just the stone blocks to support the temple walls. It included the entire temple floor set in stone. This enabled all the temple worshipers to wear their special garments and keep them clean. -## their garments ## +# their garments "their special robes" -## cymbals ## +# cymbals -Round metal (normally brass) disks that are hit to produce a ringing or clashing sound. +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## thankfulness ## +# the hand of David ... had commanded -A feeling and expression of appreciation and gratitude for the kindness of another. \ No newline at end of file +The hand of a king is a metonym for the power to give commands. AT: "as David ... had commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# thankfulness + +A feeling and expression of appreciation and gratitude for the kindness of another. + +# His covenant faithfulness to Israel endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." AT: "He faithfully loves Israel forever" or "He is always faithful to his covenant with Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/03/12.md b/ezr/03/12.md index f9134cc334..f96858aa6f 100644 --- a/ezr/03/12.md +++ b/ezr/03/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## first house ## +# first house -Refers to the first temple that Solomon built. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/solomon]]) +This refers to the first temple that Solomon built, the house of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## wept loudly ## +# before their eyes -Refers to emotional expression of sorrow involving tears and vocal sounds. \ No newline at end of file +The people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they saw. AT: "in their sight" or "and they saw it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# wept loudly + +This refers to emotional expression of sorrow involving tears and vocal sounds. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/03/intro.md b/ezr/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f656a5094a --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ezra 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of worship in the new temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Rebuilding the temple ##### +They immediately began the temple worship, even though the temple had not yet been built because they feared the people of the surrounding nations. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/01.md b/ezr/04/01.md index e49a763d5f..dd9b12ab60 100644 --- a/ezr/04/01.md +++ b/ezr/04/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Jewish people offer to help build the temple. +# General Information: -## Esarhaddon, king of Assyria ## +The non-Jewish people offer to help build the temple. -He ruled before Cyrus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# who had been exiled + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "whom the Babylonians had taken into exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Zerubbabel + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:2](../02/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Esarhaddon, king of Assyria + +He ruled in Assyria before Cyrus ruled in Persia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/03.md b/ezr/04/03.md index 031f88cff4..585a092b3d 100644 --- a/ezr/04/03.md +++ b/ezr/04/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Jeshua ## +# Jeshua -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:3](../02/03.md). +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:06](../02/03.md). -## It is not you, but we who must build ## +# It is not you, but we who must build -possible meanings are 1) the Jewish leader felt that only they were authorized by Cyrus to build the temple or 2) building the temple was the exclusive work of the Jews, no non-Jew would be permitted to contribute to the work. There was strong objection to the non-Jews participating regardless of the reason. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the Jewish leader felt that Cyrus had authorized only them to build the temple or 2) building the temple was the exclusive work of the Jews and no non-Jew would be permitted to contribute to the work. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/04.md b/ezr/04/04.md index 1ce433b325..3a406014eb 100644 --- a/ezr/04/04.md +++ b/ezr/04/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## made the Judeans' hands weak ## +# the people of the land -discouraged the Judeans (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] ) +"the people who were living in the land at that time," which could include non-Jews and Jews whose families the Babylonians had not taken into exile -## Judeans ## +# made the Judeans' hands weak -The people who returned and settled in the land of Judah were called Judeans. +This speaks of the people of the land discouraging the Judeans as if they made their hands physically weak. AT: "discouraged the Judeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## afraid ## +# Judeans -to be fearful +people who returned from Babylon and settled in the land of Judah -## to frustrate their plans ## +# to frustrate their plans -"to frustrate Israel's plans to build the temple" \ No newline at end of file +"to make it so the Judeans could not build the temple as they had planned" + +# wrote an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem + +The abstract nouns "accusation" can be translated as a verb "accuse." You may need to make explicit what the enemies accused the Judeans of doing. AT: "wrote a letter in which they accused those who lived in Judah and Jerusalem of disobeying the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/07.md b/ezr/04/07.md index d0f246d7c8..072f2fe13f 100644 --- a/ezr/04/07.md +++ b/ezr/04/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Bishlam, Mitredath, Tabeel, and Shimshai ## +# Bishlam ... Mithredath ... Tabeel ... Shimshai -names of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Rehum ## +# The letter -Translate the same way you did in [Esra 2:1](../02/01.md). +This is the letter spoken of in [Esra 4:6](./04.md). -## Aramaic ## +# Aramaic -a language used in that area at the time. \ No newline at end of file +the language used in that area at the time for official business + +# translated + +into Persian + +# Rehum + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:1](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/09.md b/ezr/04/09.md index 005316b840..0161170985 100644 --- a/ezr/04/09.md +++ b/ezr/04/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Din, Afarsatak, Tarpel, Afaras, Erech, Susa, and Deha ## +# Erech ... Susa -These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Ashurbanipal ## +# Ashurbanipal -This is a name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Province Beyond the River + +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/11.md b/ezr/04/11.md index 41fad3573d..e87a2420af 100644 --- a/ezr/04/11.md +++ b/ezr/04/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## this is a copy ## +# This is a copy Ezra includes in his writing the content of the letter sent to King Artaxerxes. -## repaired the foundation ## +# the Province Beyond the River -AT: "fixed the foundation" or "mended the foundation" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated this in [Esra 4:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a rebellious city + +The city is a metonym for the people who live in it. AT: "a city that they plan to live in and rebel against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# repaired the foundations + +"fixed the foundations" or "mended the foundations" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/13.md b/ezr/04/13.md index 5c700385da..6ed67b8103 100644 --- a/ezr/04/13.md +++ b/ezr/04/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## but they will harm the kings ## +# if this city is built and the wall is completed -The harm is referring to the lack of money the kings would have available for their projects. \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "if they build the city and complete the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but they will harm the kings + +The word "harm" refers to the Judeans no longer giving money to the kings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/14.md b/ezr/04/14.md index 84b752dec2..e2d5591f12 100644 --- a/ezr/04/14.md +++ b/ezr/04/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## eaten the palace salt ## +# we have eaten the palace salt -This is a figure of speech describing the support they get from the palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) the writers being loyal to the king or 2) the king giving the writers special honors. AT: "we are loyal to you" or "you have honored us by making us your officials" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## there will be nothing remaining for you beyond the Great River ## +# a rebellious city -"There will be no taxes for you to collect beyond the Euphrates river." These men are seeking to incite the King against the Jews by exaggerating the impact one small rebuilt town would have on their tax revenue. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +The city is a metonym for the people who live in it. AT: "a city in which live people who have rebelled against your father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the city was destroyed + +This can be translated in active form, in which case you will need to make explicit who destroyed the city. The "city" represents the people who live in it. AT: "the Babylonians destroyed the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# if this city and wall are built + +This can be translated in active form. See how you translated these words in [Esra 4:13](./13.md). AT: "if they build the city and wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there will be nothing remaining for you + +Here "nothing" is an exaggeration to make the king think that he will be losing much tax money if the Judeans rebel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the Province Beyond the River + +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated this in [Esra 4:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/17.md b/ezr/04/17.md index c0e71a69a3..454d67779b 100644 --- a/ezr/04/17.md +++ b/ezr/04/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## translated ## +# the Province Beyond the River -was made clear in one's own language +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated this in [Esra 4:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Rehum ## +# The letter that you sent me has been translated and read -Translate the same way you did in [Esra 2:1](../02/01.md) +This can be translated in active form, in which case you will need to make explicit who translated and read the letter to the king. AT: "I have had my servants translate and read the letter that you sent to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Shimshai ## +# Rehum -Translate the same way you did in [Esra 4:7](./07.md) +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:2](../02/01.md). -## the River ## +# Shimshai -"the Euphrates River:" \ No newline at end of file +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 4:8](./07.md). + +# the River + +the Euphrates River \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/20.md b/ezr/04/20.md index 48e28d2286..07942ee972 100644 --- a/ezr/04/20.md +++ b/ezr/04/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## make a decree ## +# the Province Beyond the River + +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated this in [Esra 4:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Tribute and taxes were paid to them + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The people in Jerusalem paid tribute and taxes to those kings" or "Those kings were able to collect tribute and taxes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# make a decree "make a law" -## Be careful not to neglect this ## +# Be careful not to neglect this -"Be careful to do this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +The litotes "not to neglect" is an understatement to emphasize that the writers want Artaxerxes to do what they tell him to do. AT: "Be careful to do this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## Why should damage increase to injure kings? ## +# Why allow this threat to grow and cause more loss for the royal interests? -AT: "You must make sure these people continue to pay their taxes" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Artaxerxes uses a question to tell them that he understands that he will lose taxes and honor if the city is built. AT: "You must make sure that this threat does not grow and cause more loss for the royal interests." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# threat to grow + +Danger is spoken of as if it were a plant that could increase in size. AT: "danger to become worse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cause more loss for the royal interests + +The words "the royal interests" are a metonym for the king himself. AT: "cause more bad things to happen to the kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/23.md b/ezr/04/23.md index 701b49cd5e..7b9d3efb0a 100644 --- a/ezr/04/23.md +++ b/ezr/04/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Rehum ## +# King Artaxerxes' decree was read -Translate the same way you did in [Esra 2:1](../02/01.md). +This can be translated in active form, in which case you will need to make explicit who read the decree from the king to the officials. AT: "The messengers from King Artaxerxes read his decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Shimshai ## +# Rehum -Translate the same way you did in [Esra 4:7](./07.md). +See how you translated this in [Esra 2:1](../02/01.md). -## the work on the house of God in Jerusalem stopped until the second year of the reign of Darius ## +# Shimshai + +See how you translated this in [Esra 4:7](./07.md). + +# the work on the house of God in Jerusalem stopped until the second year of the reign of Darius This delay lasted about 16 years. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/04/intro.md b/ezr/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3250cd48f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ezra 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of the temple worship continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Helping to build the temple ##### +The people of the surrounding nations offered to help to build the temple. It is unknown why the Jews refused their help. These other people became their enemies and tried to hinder the work. They even persuaded the king of Persia to stop the Jews from building. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/01.md b/ezr/05/01.md index c4dcc5aca3..a2052c5249 100644 --- a/ezr/05/01.md +++ b/ezr/05/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Iddo, Jeshua, Jozadak ## +# Iddo ... Jeshua ... Jozadak -Names of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shealtiel ## +# Shealtiel -Translate the same way you did in [Esra 3:1](../03/01.md). +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 3:1](../03/01.md). -## to build the house of God ## +# to build the house of God This was the temple of God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/03.md b/ezr/05/03.md index fc2ca8c68c..b67199ec8e 100644 --- a/ezr/05/03.md +++ b/ezr/05/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Tattenai, Shethar Bozenai ## +# Tattenai ... Shethar-Bozenai -These are names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## God's eye was on ## +# the Province Beyond the River -A figure of speech to express God watching over. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated it in [Esra 4:10](../04/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## They were waiting for a decree to come from Darius ## +# God's eye was on -The Jews restarted building the temple while waiting for King Darius to state if they were to stop. \ No newline at end of file +The eye represents the person watching over another person. AT: "God was watching over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for a letter to be sent to the king and for a decree to be returned to them + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "for an official to send a letter to the king and for the king to send a letter back to them with a decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/06.md b/ezr/05/06.md index c4c049ff8c..98c7f6a54e 100644 --- a/ezr/05/06.md +++ b/ezr/05/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## This was the letter ## +# This is a copy of the letter Ezra includes the contents of the letter to King Darius regarding their work on the temple. -## Tattenai, Shethar Bozenai ## +# the Province Beyond the River -These are names of officials that were against the Jews rebuilding the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated this in [Esra 4:10](../04/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/08.md b/ezr/05/08.md index a3f231d9a5..1f32c2b4a1 100644 --- a/ezr/05/08.md +++ b/ezr/05/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## timbers ## +# General Information: + +The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Esra 5:7](./06.md) continues. + +# timbers wood for building -## Who gave you a decree... ## +# Who gave you a decree -"Who gave you permission..." \ No newline at end of file +"Who gave you permission" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/11.md b/ezr/05/11.md index cc77ec06d2..ca719c83be 100644 --- a/ezr/05/11.md +++ b/ezr/05/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## We are servants of the one ## +# General Information: -Possible meaning are 1) they were calling the Jewish people servants of God or 2) those who replied were from the tribe of Levi & Aaron, who were the ones actually responsible the temple worship and sacrifices. +The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Esra 5:7](./06.md) continues. -## completed it ## +# We are servants of the one -AT: finished it \ No newline at end of file +Possible meaning are 1) they were calling the Jewish people servants of God or 2) those who replied were from the tribe of Levi and Aaron, who were the ones actually responsible for the temple worship and sacrifices. + +# that had been built many years ago when the great king of Israel built it and completed it + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that the great king of Israel had built and supplied all the equipment for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# completed it + +"supplied all the equipment for it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/12.md b/ezr/05/12.md index 58dd303751..756cc02893 100644 --- a/ezr/05/12.md +++ b/ezr/05/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## enraged the God of heaven ## +# General Information: -The God of heaven became angry. +The letter from Tattenai to the king continues. Tattenai continues to tell the king what the Judeans had told him beginning in [Esra 5:11](./11.md). -## destroyed this house ## +# enraged the God of heaven -AT: "tore down this house" +"made the God of heaven become very angry with us" -## into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar ## +# he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this house and took the people -became slaves of Nebuchadnezzar's kingdom. +The hand is a metonym for power or control. Also, "Nebuchadnezzar" represents his army. AT: "allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, the Chaldean, to destroy this house and to take the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Cyrus issued a decree to rebuild the house of God ## +# destroyed this house -Cyrus ordered God's temple to be rebuilt. \ No newline at end of file +"tore down this house" + +# Cyrus issued a decree to rebuild the house of God + +Cyrus ordered that the people rebuild God's temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/14.md b/ezr/05/14.md index 631c5aa6a6..edae0a5dd0 100644 --- a/ezr/05/14.md +++ b/ezr/05/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Sheshbazzar ## +# General Information: -Translate the same way you did in [Esra 1:7](../01/07.md). +The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Esra 5:7](./06.md) continues. Tattenai continues to tell the king what the Judeans had told him beginning in ([Esra 5:11](./11.md)). -## He restored them ## +# Sheshbazzar -King Cyrus return the temple objects. \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Esra 1:7](../01/07.md). + +# He restored them + +King Cyrus returned the temple objects. + +# Let the house of God be rebuilt + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I want the Judeans to rebuild the house of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/16.md b/ezr/05/16.md index 898147a66f..f565dfbb41 100644 --- a/ezr/05/16.md +++ b/ezr/05/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## it is being constructed ## +# General Information: -"it is being built" \ No newline at end of file +The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Esra 5:7](./06.md) continues. Tattenai continues to tell the king what the Judeans had told him beginning in ([Esra 5:11](./11.md)). + +# it is being constructed, but is not yet complete + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "people are now constructing it, but they have not done all the work yet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# constructed + +built \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/17.md b/ezr/05/17.md index c489818866..a70b6dbc26 100644 --- a/ezr/05/17.md +++ b/ezr/05/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## may it be investigated ## +# General Information: -To find out. +The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Esra 5:7](./06.md) continues. Tattenai has finished telling the king what the Judeans told him and now asks the king to see if what the Judeans told him was true. -## if a judgment from King Cyrus ## +# may it be investigated -if an order from King Cyrus \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I would like you to have someone investigate this matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if a judgment from King Cyrus exists there + +"if there is a record there that King Cyrus issued a law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/05/intro.md b/ezr/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e30e0de870 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ezra 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of the temple worship continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Rebuilding the temple ##### +The prophets Haggai and Zechariah encouraged the Jews to begin again building the temple. This was very important to life in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/01.md b/ezr/06/01.md index bccf6d9287..2190754ba1 100644 --- a/ezr/06/01.md +++ b/ezr/06/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## house of archives ## +# ordered an investigation -A collection of important government records. +The abstract noun "investigation" can be expressed with the verbs "investigate" or "search." AT: "ordered his officials to investigate" or "ordered his officials to search" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Ecbatana ## +# ordered an investigation -name of a city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +What they were to investigate can be stated clearly. AT: "ordered his officials to investigate the records" or "ordered his officials to search and find out if there was a record of King Cyrus telling the Jews to build the house of God in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# house of archives + +This is a building where the king's officials kept the important government records. + +# Ecbatana + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a scroll was found + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they found a scroll" or "they found a scroll that told about Darius and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/03.md b/ezr/06/03.md index bc06a14ea9..df57a98bdd 100644 --- a/ezr/06/03.md +++ b/ezr/06/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## sixty cubits ## +# General Information: -about 90 feet. +This begins the record of King Cyrus's command that the Jews rebuild God's temple in Jerusalem. -## three rows ## +# In the first year of King Cyrus -3 layers of foundation stones. \ No newline at end of file +It can be stated clearly that this is the first year of his reign. AT: "In year 1 of the reign of King Cyrus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Let the house be rebuilt + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let the Jews rebuild the house" or "The Jews must rebuild the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sixty cubits + +"60 cubits." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "twenty-seven meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# cubits, with three rows of large stones and a row of new timber + +This can be stated as a new sentence. Possible meanings are 1) this describes how to build the foundation. AT: "cubits. Build the foundation on three layers of large stones covered with one layer of timber" or 2) this describes how to build the walls. AT: "cubits. Build the house's walls with three layers of large stones alternating with one layer of timber" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let the cost be paid by the king's house + +The phrase "the king's house" represents King Cyrus's own wealth in the royal treasury. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will pay for it with money from the royal treasury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/06.md b/ezr/06/06.md index 7631d2cad1..f2b7a98d6e 100644 --- a/ezr/06/06.md +++ b/ezr/06/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Tattenai and Shethar Bozenai ## +# General Information: -Translate the same way you did in [Esra 5:3](../05/03.md). +This continues the record of King Cyrus's command that the Jews rebuild God's temple in Jerusalem, which began in [Esra 6:3](./03.md). -## Leave the work of this house of God behind you ## +# Tattenai ... Shethar-Bozenai -"to Leave alone the work of this house of God" \ No newline at end of file +Darius writes directly to these men. Translate their names as in [Esra 5:3](../05/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Province Beyond the River + +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated it in [Esra 4:10](../04/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/08.md b/ezr/06/08.md index dc499d1f9f..e3642b5786 100644 --- a/ezr/06/08.md +++ b/ezr/06/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Funds from the king's tribute beyond the River ## +# General Information: -King Darius supports the temple building from taxes collected from the nations east of the Euphrates River. +This continues the record of King Cyrus's command that the Jews rebuild God's temple in Jerusalem, which began in [Esra 6:3](./03.md). -## Do this so they will ... pray for...the king, and my sons. ## +# Funds from the king's tribute beyond the River will be used to pay these men -Darius has respect or does fear the God of the Jews. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Use funds from the king's tribute beyond the river to pay these men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Funds from the king's tribute beyond the River + +"The king's tribute" refers to taxes that people pay the king. AT: "Money from the taxes that you collect for the king from the people beyond the river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Whatever is needed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Whatever they need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/11.md b/ezr/06/11.md index d4e59db853..48c5997b47 100644 --- a/ezr/06/11.md +++ b/ezr/06/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## beam ## +# General Information: + +This continues the record of King Cyrus's command that the Jews rebuild God's temple in Jerusalem, which began in [Esra 6:3](./03.md). + +# a beam must be pulled from his house and he must be impaled on it. His house must then be turned into a rubbish heap + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I command my officials to pull a beam from his house and impale him on it. They are then to turn his house into a rubbish heap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# beam a long, sturdy piece of wood, supporting the roof of a house -## impaled ## +# impaled -pierced through. +pierced through -## May the God...overthrow any king...who violates this house of God... ## +# who lifts a hand to change ... or to destroy -Though Darius knows that God does not need Darius to defend His house, Darius seeks to be on God's side in support of the temple. \ No newline at end of file +Lifting the hand represents trying or daring to do something. AT: "who tries to change ... or to destroy" or "who dares to change ... or to destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to change this decree + +The abstract noun "decree" can be expressed with the phrase "what I have decreed." AT: "to change what I have decreed" or "to say that I have decreed something else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/13.md b/ezr/06/13.md index ab26bb284b..fddbe63584 100644 --- a/ezr/06/13.md +++ b/ezr/06/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Tattenai, Shethar Bozenai ## +# Tattenai ... Shethar-Bozenai -See how you translated this in [Esra 5:3](../05/03.md) +Translate the names of these men as you did in [Esra 5:03](../05/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## third day; sixth year ## +# The house was completed -measurements of time (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This can be translated in active form. You may need to make explicit which house they completed. AT: "They completed God's house" or "They finished building the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The house ## +# the third day of the month of Adar -"God's house" or "The temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"Adar" is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the cold season. The third day is near the middle of February on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Adar ## +# sixth year -name of a month (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +King Darius had been ruling for five years, so he was now in year number six of his reign. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/16.md b/ezr/06/16.md index 516317fe89..807d0710e5 100644 --- a/ezr/06/16.md +++ b/ezr/06/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## one hundred bulls ## +# the rest of the captives -100 bulls (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +These people had been captured and taken to Babylon, but they returned to Jerusalem. AT: "the rest of the people who had been taken captive to Babylon and had returned to Jerusalem" or "the rest of the people who had returned from captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## four hundred lambs ## +# one hundred bulls ... four hundred lambs -400 lambs +"100 bulls ... 400 lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Twelve male goats ## +# to work divisions -12 male goats \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "work divisions" can be expressed with a verbal phrase. AT: "to work in groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# work divisions + +"groups that work together" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/19.md b/ezr/06/19.md index fe13751086..e3924050d1 100644 --- a/ezr/06/19.md +++ b/ezr/06/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## fourteenth day, first month ## +# fourteenth day of the first month -numbers in a sequence of time (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## purified themselves ## +# purified themselves -"purified themselves according to the law of Moses" Before priest can make sacrifices for others, they first must make sure they are pure before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"made themselves pure." Being pure represents being acceptable to God. AT: "made themselves acceptable to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/21.md b/ezr/06/21.md index 878bceae21..8d44a8ba59 100644 --- a/ezr/06/21.md +++ b/ezr/06/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## separated themselves from the uncleanness of the people ## +# separated themselves from the uncleanness of the people of the land -The Jewish people did not intermarry and kept themselves from following after the local religions. +Separating themselves from uncleanness represents refusing to do things that make people unclean. AT: "They refused to do the things that the people of the land did that made them unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## turned the heart of Assyria's king ## +# the uncleanness of the people of the land -God made the Assyrian King to have compassion on the building of the temple of God. +Here "uncleanness" represents being unacceptable to God. AT: "the things that the people of the land did that made them unacceptable to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to strengthen their hands in the work of his house ## +# sought Yahweh -God had the assyrian King to encourage the Jewish people who were rebuilding the temple to continue in this work. +Seeking Yahweh represents choosing to know, worship, and obey him. AT: "chose to obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his house ## +# turned the heart of Assyria's king -The temple \ No newline at end of file +Turning the king's heart represents making him think differently about the work of the temple. AT: "changed the attitude of Assyria's king" or "made Assyria's king willing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to strengthen their hands in the work of his house + +Strengthening their hands in the work represents helping them to work. The Assyrian king did this by telling them to do the work and providing the money for it. AT: "to help them do the work of his house" or "to make it possible for them to do the work of his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the work of his house + +This refers to building the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/06/intro.md b/ezr/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..67431a7329 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Ezra 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The completion of the story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of the temple worship occurs in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Temple taxes ##### +The king said the Jews were right and ordered money from his taxes to be used to help them with their sacrifices. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Darius ##### +In this chapter, Darius is called the king of Assyria. In reality, besides ruling over the former Assyrian Empire, Darius was also king of Persia. Persia had conquered Babylon, which had previously conquered Assyria. This made the king of Persia, the king of Assyria as well. It was unusual to refer to Darius as the king or ruler of Assyria. Ezra may have referred to him in this way to contrast Darius' actions with those of the former rulers of Assyria, who had treated the Jews very cruelly. It was those earlier Assyrian rulers who had conquered the northern tribes of Israel and deported them to other lands. It was for this reasons that the northern tribes lost their identity and were no longer a distinct people group. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/01.md b/ezr/07/01.md index ee5ea0e87c..45825a32c6 100644 --- a/ezr/07/01.md +++ b/ezr/07/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Ezra's genealogy goes back to Aaron, the first high priest. -## Seraiah ## +# Ezra came up from Babylon -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:1](../02/01.md) +Where Ezra came up to can be stated clearly. AT: "Ezra came up to Jerusalem from Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Shallum ## +# Seraiah -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:40](../02/40.md) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:2](../02/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shallum + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:42](../02/40.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Azariah, Hilkiah, ... Zadok, Ahitub, Amariah, Azariah, Meraioth, Zerahiah, Uzzi, Bukki, Abishua, Phinehas, Eleazar + +This list is all men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/06.md b/ezr/07/06.md index 3ff86fadbb..9ace4a3341 100644 --- a/ezr/07/06.md +++ b/ezr/07/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## hand of Yahweh was with him. ## +# The king gave him anything he asked -Yahweh's blessing was with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"The king gave Ezra anything he asked for" -## in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes. ## +# the hand of Yahweh was with him -In the seventh year that Artaxerxes was made king. \ No newline at end of file +The "hand" of Yahweh represents Yahweh's blessing or help. AT: "the blessing of Yahweh was with Ezra" or "Yahweh was blessing Ezra" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes + +This refers to the seventh year of his reign. AT: "in the seventh year that Artaxerxes was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/08.md b/ezr/07/08.md index e8031dfcdf..5dc21fe25b 100644 --- a/ezr/07/08.md +++ b/ezr/07/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## first day of the fifth month ## +# the fifth month -measurements of time (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Ezra had established his heart to study... ## +# the first day of the first month -AT: "Ezra committed his life to study..." +This is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## the good hand of God ## +# the first day of the fifth month -AT: "God" or "God Himself". (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is near the middle of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## the statutes and decrees of the Law of Yahweh ## +# the good hand of God -These were the Laws that God passed down to Israel from Moses. \ No newline at end of file +"Hand" represents the power or control that God uses for good results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Ezra had established his heart to study + +Establishing his heart represents firmly deciding or committing himself to do something. AT: "Ezra committed his life to study" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# carry out + +"obey" + +# the statutes and decrees of the law of Yahweh + +These were the laws that God passed down to Israel through Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/11.md b/ezr/07/11.md index a02226108c..5b9b0a5bb9 100644 --- a/ezr/07/11.md +++ b/ezr/07/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## This was the decree ## +# This was the decree The text following this statement was the decree given by King Artaxerxes. -## I am ordering that anyone ... who desires to go to Jerusalem... ## +# The King of kings Artaxerxes -In those days people needed permission from the king to resettle and rebuild in an area previously destroyed by the conquering nation. \ No newline at end of file +"The King of kings" was a title, meaning that he was the greatest of kings, the king that other kings obeyed. AT: "The Great King Artaxerxes" or "Artaxerxes, the greatest king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I am ordering that anyone ... who desires to go to Jerusalem + +In those days people needed permission from the king to resettle and rebuild in an area previously destroyed by the conquering nation. + +# may go with you + +The word "you" refers to Ezra. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/14.md b/ezr/07/14.md index 6c81bddb60..fdc8913315 100644 --- a/ezr/07/14.md +++ b/ezr/07/14.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -The King grants safe passage to Judea for all Israel who wishes to return home. +# Connecting Statement: -## Freely give all the silver and gold ## +This continues the decree that King Artaxerxes gave to Ezra. -The king approves of all donations for the temple are to be sent to Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +# I, the king, and my seven counselors + +The word "I" and the phrase "the king" refer to the same person. The king is reminding the people who hear this letter that he is the author of this letter. + +# to inquire concerning Judah and Jerusalem according to God's law + +What they were to inquire about can be stated more clearly. AT: "to investigate the situation in Judah and Jerusalem, in order to learn whether or not they are obeying God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You are to bring the silver and gold + +Where they were to bring it can be stated clearly. AT: "You are to bring to Jerusalem the silver and gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the silver and gold that they have freely offered + +"Freely" means that they were not forced to offer the money. They gave it because they wanted to. AT: "the silver and gold that they have willingly offered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# what is freely offered by the people and the priests + +This can be expressed active form. AT: "what the people and the priests have freely offered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/17.md b/ezr/07/17.md index 80c26db653..1318f296ff 100644 --- a/ezr/07/17.md +++ b/ezr/07/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -The king desires to please God with the money they bring back. +# Connecting Statement: -## So buy in full... ## +This continues the decree that King Artaxerxes gave to Ezra. -The king authorizes the purchase of animals and food for sacrifices to God. +# So buy in full ... offerings -## ...please your God with the rest... ## +The phrase "in full" means as many as are necessary to complete the task. They were to use the gold and silver to buy all they needed in order to worship God in the the temple. AT: "Buy as many of the oxen, rams, lambs, grain and drink offerings as are needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -The King grants Ezra latitude use the money as he sees fit to please God. \ No newline at end of file +# you and your brothers + +The phrase "your brothers" refers to the people who were doing this work with Ezra. AT: "your co-workers" or "your companions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/19.md b/ezr/07/19.md index 720c8c2dd4..e4de0381ef 100644 --- a/ezr/07/19.md +++ b/ezr/07/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## treasury ## +# Connecting Statement: + +This continues the decree that King Artaxerxes gave to Ezra. + +# the objects that were freely given to you + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "the objects that we have freely given to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Place the objects ... before him + +The word "him" refers to God. + +# for the service of the house of your God + +The abstract noun "service" can be expressed with the verbs "serve" or "use." AT: "to use in the house of your God" or "to serve in the house of your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# treasury a secure place where money is stored \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/21.md b/ezr/07/21.md index e60f6445dd..8f1197d30f 100644 --- a/ezr/07/21.md +++ b/ezr/07/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## anything that Ezra asks from you ## +# Connecting Statement: -Ezra had the full support of the king in rebuilding the temple. +This continues the decree that King Artaxerxes gave to Ezra. -## one hundred ## +# the Province Beyond the River -100 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated it in [Esra 4:10](../04/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## talent ## +# that anything that Ezra asks from you should be given in full -A unit of money and weight. +This can be expressed in active form. "Give Ezra in full anything he asks of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## cors ## +# should be given in full -also known as "Kors". This is a dry unit of volume. +The phrase "in full" here represents whatever quantity necessary to do the work. AT: "should be given as much as he needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## baths ## +# one hundred silver talents -This is a wet unit of volume. \ No newline at end of file +"100 talents of silver." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "3,300 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# one hundred cors of grain + +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "22,000 liters of grain" or "twenty thousand liters of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one hundred baths of oil + +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: 2,200 liters of oil" or "two thousand liters of oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# his house + +This refers to God's temple. + +# For why should his wrath come upon the kingdom of me and my sons? + +The king uses this question to say that he does not want God's wrath to come upon them. The implied information is that if they do not do give Ezra what he needs, then God will punish the kingdom. AT: "For we do not want God's wrath to come upon the the kingdom of me and my sons." or "For if you do not do these things, God's wrath will come upon the kingdom of me and my sons." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For why should his wrath come upon the kingdom of me and my sons + +God's wrath represents God punishing them. AT: "For why should God punish the kingdom of me and my sons" or "For if you do not do these things, God will punish the kingdom of me and my sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/24.md b/ezr/07/24.md index 91de09da65..68c2130929 100644 --- a/ezr/07/24.md +++ b/ezr/07/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## not to impose any tribute or taxes ## +# Connecting Statement: -this only exempts those who are involved in the daily operation of the temple, not all of Israel or everyone living in Jerusalem. +This continues the decree that King Artaxerxes gave to Ezra. -## musicians ## +# We are informing them about you not to impose any tribute or taxes -players of musical instruments \ No newline at end of file +"We are telling them not to impose any tribute or taxes" + +# musicians + +people who play musical instruments \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/25.md b/ezr/07/25.md index 9a59c19210..298881a263 100644 --- a/ezr/07/25.md +++ b/ezr/07/25.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -The King authorizes Ezra to teach and have the Jewish people live according to God's Law. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +This is the end of the decree that King Artaxerxes gave to Ezra. + +# with the wisdom that God has given you, you must appoint judges and discerning men + +The abstract noun "wisdom" can be expressed with a verbal phrase. AT: "God has made you wise, so you must wisely appoint judges and discerning men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# whether by death, banishment, confiscation of their goods, or imprisonment + +The abstract nouns can be translated with verbs. AT: "whether by killing them, banishing them, confiscating their goods, or imprisoning them" or "You may kill them, send them away, take the things the own, or put them in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/27.md b/ezr/07/27.md index 0a1bd6fd06..3d89414c98 100644 --- a/ezr/07/27.md +++ b/ezr/07/27.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Ezra prays a prayer of thanksgiving to God. +# Connecting Statement: -## placed all this into the king's heart ## +Ezra praises God because of what King Artaxerxes decreed. -God steered the King's desires and thoughts to honor God and God's temple in Jerusalem. +# placed all this into the king's heart to glorify Yahweh's house in Jerusalem -## strengthened by the hand of Yahweh my God ## +Placing things in the king's heart represents causing him to have certain thoughts and desires. AT: "caused the king to want to glorify Yahweh's house in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Ezra has received courage and confidence to continue knowing that Yahweh, His God is equipping Him. The "Hand of Yahweh" is an expressing for receiving God's blessings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Yahweh's house + +This refers to Yahweh's temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who extended covenant faithfulness to me + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "loyal." AT: "who has been faithful to me" or "who has been loyal to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I have been strengthened + +Being strengthened represents being encouraged. AT: I am encouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by the hand of Yahweh my God + +Here Yahweh's hand represents what he did to help Ezra. AT: "because Yahweh has helped me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/07/intro.md b/ezr/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a689b1f1f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ezra 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Ezra begins his religious reforms. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's Law ##### +The people no longer know the law of Moses. Therefore, the king allows Ezra to return to Judea to teach the people about God's law. Many people go with him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/01.md b/ezr/08/01.md index d68e8f99e4..4870e96b2d 100644 --- a/ezr/08/01.md +++ b/ezr/08/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,35 @@ -7 were written as if the author was writing about Ezra. Chapter 8 was written as if the author was Ezra. -This section contains a list of names of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## Parosh ## +There is an apparent shift in authorship beginning here. Chapters 1-7 were written as if the author was writing about Ezra. Chapter 8 was written as if the author was Ezra. -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:3](../02/03.md). +# General Information: -## 150 males ## +Verses 2-14 are a list of leaders and their ancestors. All of them are men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -number of men and boys (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Of the descendants of Phinehas, Gershom + +This is the first item in the list. It can be written with the verb "was." AT: "The leader of the descendants of Phinehas was Gershom" or "Gershom was the leader of the descendants of Phinehas" + +# Of the descendants of Ithamar, Daniel + +This is the second item in the list. It can be written with the verb "was." AT: "The leader of the descendants of Ithamar was Daniel" or "Daniel was the leader of the descendants of Ithamar" + +# Parosh + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:03](../02/03.md). + +# Of the descendants of David, Hattush, who was ... Parosh; and Zechariah + +This is the third item in the list. It can be written with the verb "were." AT: "The leaders of the descendants of David were Hattush who was ... Parosh; and Zechariah" or "The leaders of the descendants of David were Hattush and Zechariah. Hattush was from ... Parosh" + +# Hattush, who was of the descendants of Shecaniah, who was from the descendants of Parosh + +This can be written as a separate sentence after "Zechariah." AT: "Hatush was a descendant of Shecaniah, who was a descendant of Parosh" + +# with him there were 150 males listed in the record of his genealogy + +"with Zechariah there were 150 males listed in the record of his genealogy" + +# 150 males + +"one hundred and fifty males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/04.md b/ezr/08/04.md index 76ac781bf2..a46cb8a76b 100644 --- a/ezr/08/04.md +++ b/ezr/08/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Continuing list of names of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## Zerachiah ## +The list of men's names continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 7:1](../07/01.md). +# Of the descendants of Pahath-Moab, Eliehoenai son of Zerahiah -## Shecaniah ## +This is the next item in the list. It can be written with the verb "was." AT: "The leader of the descendants of Pahath-Moab was Eliehoenai son of Zerahiah" or "Eliehoenai son of Zerahiah was the leader of the descendants of Pahath-Moab" -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:1](./01.md). +# with him were two hundred males -## Adin ## +"with Eliehoenai were two hundred males" -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:15](../02/15.md). +# Zerahiah -## Two hundred...three hundred...fifty...seventy males ## +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 7:4](../07/01.md). -200, 300, 50, 70. The numbers of men and boys. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Adin + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:15](../02/15.md). + +# two hundred ... three hundred ... fifty ... seventy + +"200 ... 300 ... 50 ... 70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/08.md b/ezr/08/08.md index 3ed8f03def..69b0db5308 100644 --- a/ezr/08/08.md +++ b/ezr/08/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -Continuing list of names of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## Shephatiah ## +The list of men's names continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:3](../02/03.md). +# Of the descendants of Shephatiah, Zebadiah son of Michael -## Bebai ## +This is the next item in the list. It can be written with the verb "was." AT: "The leader of the descendants of Shephatiah was Zebadiah son of Michael" or "Zebadiah son of Michael was the leader of the descendants of Shephatiah" + +# Shephatiah + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:2](../02/03.md). + +# Michael + +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# with him were listed eighty males + +"with Zebadiah were listed eighty males" + +# 218 males + +"two hundred and eighteen males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 160 males + +"one hundred and sixty males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Bebai See how you translated this in [Esra 2:11](../02/11.md). -## eighty...twenty eight ## +# eighty ... twenty-eight -80, 28. Numbers representing the men and boys in each family listed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"80 ... 28" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/12.md b/ezr/08/12.md index 51ef8a8570..3828a65a47 100644 --- a/ezr/08/12.md +++ b/ezr/08/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -Continuing list of names of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## Azgad ## +This is the end of the list of men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:11](../02/11.md). +# Of the descendants of Azgad, Johanan son of Hakkatan -## Adonikam ## +This is the next item in the list. It can be written with the verb "was." AT: "The leader of the descendants of Azgad was Johanan son of Hakkatan" or "Johanan son of Hakkatan was the leader of the descendants of Azgad" -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:11](../02/11.md). +# with him were listed 110 males -## Bigvai ## +"with Johanan were listed 110 males" -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:1](../02/01.md). +# 110 males -## sixty...seventy ## +"one hundred and ten males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -60, 70. The numbers represent the men and boys in each family listed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Those of the descendants of Adonikam + +The word "those" refers to the leaders. AT: "The leaders of the descendants of Adonikam" + +# Azgad + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:12](../02/11.md). + +# Adonikam + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:13](../02/11.md). + +# Bigvai + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:2](../02/01.md). + +# sixty ... seventy + +"60 ... 70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/15.md b/ezr/08/15.md index d55022181e..3471bbd40d 100644 --- a/ezr/08/15.md +++ b/ezr/08/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Ezra contacts Jewish leaders and teachers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## canal ## +The word "I" in chapter 8 refers to Ezra. He is the author. -a man made waterway to allow the passage of boats between navigable rivers. +# General Information: -## Shemaiah ## +Verse 16 contains a list of men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:12](./12.md). +# the canal that goes to Ahava -## three days ## +Possible meanings are that the "canal" was 1) a waterway that men built or 2) an ordinary river. It can be translated in a more general way. AT: "the waterway that flows to Ahava" -3 days. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Ahava + +This is the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shemaiah + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 8:13](./12.md). + +# Elnathan ... Elnathan ... Elnathan + +There were apparently three men with the same name. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/17.md b/ezr/08/17.md index 9f47fad725..13cd1ea7b5 100644 --- a/ezr/08/17.md +++ b/ezr/08/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Iddo ## +# Iddo -See how you translated this in [Esra 5:1](../05/01.md). +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Casiphia ## +# Next I sent them to Iddo -name of a place or location (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "them" refers to the nine leaders and two teachers written about in [Esra 8:16](./15.md). AT: "Next I sent those men to Iddo" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Kasiphia + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I told them what to say to Iddo ... that is, to send to us servants for the house of God + +The words "that is" introduces what he told them to say. AT: "I told them to tell Iddo ... to send us servants for the house of God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/18.md b/ezr/08/18.md index dfe1470b22..81318f548a 100644 --- a/ezr/08/18.md +++ b/ezr/08/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## by our God's good hand ## +# Sherebiah ... Mahli ... Hashabiah ... Jeshaiah ... Merari -an idiom for expressing God's goodness or provision to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## a prudent man ## +# So they sent us by our God's good hand a man -a man of understanding and wisdom. +God's "good hand" represents his kindness in providing for them. AT: "Because God was kind to us, they sent us a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## eighteen...twenty ## +# a prudent man -18, 20. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This is a man of understanding and wisdom. -## Jeshaiah ## +# son of Levi son of Israel -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:4](./04.md). +Here "Israel" is a man's name. It is the name God gave to Jacob. -## officials ## +# eighteen ... twenty -People with specific authority within a government system. \ No newline at end of file +18 ... 20 (See:" [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jeshaiah + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 8:7](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# officials + +people with specific authority within a government system + +# 220 + +"two hundred and twenty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/21.md b/ezr/08/21.md index 6b950092cd..8bad5972fa 100644 --- a/ezr/08/21.md +++ b/ezr/08/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## the hand of our God is with all ## +# the Ahava Canal -This is an expression Ezra makes regarding trusting in the protection of God upon His people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of the canal that flows to the place called Ahava. See how you translated Ahava and canal in [Esra 8:15](./15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to seek a straight path from him for us, our little ones, and all our possessions + +The word "seek" represents asking God to do something for them. Here a "straight path" represents safety while they travel. AT: "to ask God to give us, our little ones, and all our possessions safety while we travel" or "to ask God to protect us, our little ones, and all our possessions while we travel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The hand of our God is on all who seek him + +The hand of God being on people is a metonym for God helping people. Seeking God is a metaphor for serving him. AT: "God helps all who serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but his might and wrath are on all who forget him + +God's might and wrath being on people is a metonym for him punishing people. Forgetting God is a metaphor for refusing to serve him. AT: "but he punishes all who refuse to serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So we fasted and sought God about this + +Here seeking God is a metaphor for asking God to do something for them. AT: "So we fasted and asked God to help us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/24.md b/ezr/08/24.md index 3159a85c01..69b3867ea9 100644 --- a/ezr/08/24.md +++ b/ezr/08/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## twelve men ## +# Sherebiah, Hashabiah -12 men. - -## Sherebiah, Hashabiah ## - -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:18](./18.md). - -## ten ## - -10. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these men's names in [Esra 8:19](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/26.md b/ezr/08/26.md index 0cd3086bab..e9736b87c4 100644 --- a/ezr/08/26.md +++ b/ezr/08/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## talent ## +# 650 talents of silver -a measurement of money based on it's weight. +"six hundred and fifty talents of silver." A talent weighs about thirty-three kilograms. You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "22,000 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## one thousand darics ## +# one hundred talents of silver objects -1000 darics. A "daric" was a small gold coin used by the Persian Empire. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +"100 talents of silver objects." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "3,300 kilograms of silver objects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## bronze vessels ## +# one hundred talents of gold -bronze is a copper alloy that is stronger than pure copper. Bronze by itself is not valuable. But as artwork, it can be quite valuable. \ No newline at end of file +"100 talents of gold." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "3,300 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# one thousand darics + +"1,000 darics." A "daric" was a small gold coin that people in the Persian Empire used. You can translate this in terms of the number of coins or their weight. AT: "one thousand Persian gold coins" or "eight and one half kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# bronze vessels + +Bronze is a mixture of copper and another metal. It is stronger than pure copper. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/28.md b/ezr/08/28.md index c88e3fe0b7..283e2593b6 100644 --- a/ezr/08/28.md +++ b/ezr/08/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## until you weigh them out ## +# Then I said to them -This was how these men were to give account of transporting all the offerings by reweighing everything that was put into their care at Jerusalem. +"Then I said to the twelve priestly officials" -## The priests and the Levites ## +# until you weigh them out before the priestly officials, Levites, and leaders -according to the law of Moses, it was for the tribe of Levi to care for the temple, it's possessions and offerings. \ No newline at end of file +When they arrived in Jerusalem, they would weigh the silver, gold, and bronze to show that they had not taken any of it for themselves. + +# The priests and the Levites + +According to the law of Moses, the tribe of Levi had the work of caring for the temple, its possessions, and the offerings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/31.md b/ezr/08/31.md index 69709d5def..b30b555e01 100644 --- a/ezr/08/31.md +++ b/ezr/08/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Ahava Canal ## +# We went out from the Ahava Canal -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:15](./15.md). +"We left the Ahava Canal" or "We started traveling from the Ahava Canal" -## twelfth day of the first month ## +# Ahava Canal -A specific day in the year. +This is the name of the canal that flows to the place called Ahava. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:21](./21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## he protected us from the hand of the enemy ## +# twelfth day of the first month -God kept their enemies from attacking them. +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The twelfth day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## the ones who wished to ambush us ## +# The hand of our God was on us -God protected them against thieves and robbers wanting attack them for their treasures. +The hand of God being on people is a metonym for God helping people. AT: "God was helping us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## three days ## +# he protected us from the hand of the enemy and the ones ... road -"3 days." A measure of time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +The hand represents what those people might do. It specifically refers to the enemy attacking the group that was traveling. AT: "he protected us from the attack of the enemy and the ones who wished to ambush us along the road" or "He kept the enemy from attacking us and he kept robbers from ambushing us along the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the ones who wished to ambush us + +This refers to thieves and robbers who wanted to attack them for their treasures. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/33.md b/ezr/08/33.md index 441112f549..e0d184d91f 100644 --- a/ezr/08/33.md +++ b/ezr/08/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## objects were weighed out ## +# the silver, gold, and objects were weighed out -This was a means of accountability for transporting all the temple money and temple objects. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the twelve priestly officials weighed out the silver, gold and objects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Eleazar ## +# the silver, gold, and objects were weighed out ... into the hand of Meremoth -Translate the same way you did Eleazar in [Esra 7:1](../07/01.md). +Here "the hand of Meremoth" represents Meremoth's care of the silver, gold, and objects. The men weighed those things and gave them to Meremoth to take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Jeshua ## +# Meremoth ... Uriah ... Eleazar ... Phinehas ... Jozabad ... Jeshua ... Noadiah ... Binnui -Translate the same way you did in [Esra 2:1](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jeshua + +See how you translated this man's name in [Esra 2:6](../02/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/35.md b/ezr/08/35.md index 4576735f9d..6f0853dd40 100644 --- a/ezr/08/35.md +++ b/ezr/08/35.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## from the captivity, the people of exile ## +# The ones who came back from the captivity ... the people of exile -These are the Jewish people who were taken captive and resettled in Babylon and choose to come back to Judea and Jerusalem. +These two phrases refer to the Jewish people who were living as exiles in Babylon and who left Babylon and returned to Jerusalem in Judea. AT: "The ones who came back to Jerusalem from the captivity in Babylon, the people of exile" -## twelve...ninety-six...eventy-seven ## +# twelve ... ninety-six ... seventy-seven ... twelve -six...eventy-seven** - 12, 96 and 77. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"12 ... 96 ... 77 ... 12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## governors beyond the River ## +# the governors in the Province Beyond the River -These were the Babylonian officials managing the people east of the Euphrates River which included those residing in Judea. +These were the Babylonian officials managing the people west of the Euphrates River, which included the people living in Judea. -## God's house ## +# the Province Beyond the River -The temple. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. It included Judea. See how you translated it in [Esra 4:10](../04/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/08/intro.md b/ezr/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..152215babf --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Ezra 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The people's return to Judah ##### +Many people went back to Judah with Ezra. They trusted God to protect them and the precious items they carried with them, which had been given for the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/01.md b/ezr/09/01.md index c41860edf2..e223f583dc 100644 --- a/ezr/09/01.md +++ b/ezr/09/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,3 @@ -## the officials approached me ## +# have not separated themselves -"Officials" in this case is more likely to refer to the Jewish princes who returned earlier with Zerubbabel. - -## have not separated themselves ## - -have married people from other lands and have adopted their religion. - -## and their abominations ## - -The real issue was that when they married outsiders, they abandoned God. - -## have mixed the holy people with the people of other lands ## - -God's law has provision for Israel marrying people who choose to follow Yahweh as their God. However, in this case the outsiders were leading the Israelites into their mix of religion. - -## the officials and leaders ## - -The people with specific authority in the government. \ No newline at end of file +have married people from other lands and have adopted their religion \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/03.md b/ezr/09/03.md index 6349390d4f..33c3d5ec31 100644 --- a/ezr/09/03.md +++ b/ezr/09/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## When I heard this ## +# When I heard this -When Ezra heard that many Israelites had married foreign women and were worshipping their gods. +When Ezra heard that many Israelites had married foreign women and were worshiping their gods -## I was sitting ashamed ## +# I tore apart my clothing and robe and pulled out hair from my head and beard -Ezra thought that the returnees would have been sustaining from intermarrying the gentiles. He was deeply troubled that many actually did marry gentile women. +Ezra was showing everyone how unhappy he was that people were doing things that offended God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## evening offering ## +# evening offering -A sacrifice made at evening. \ No newline at end of file +a sacrifice that the priests would offer around the time the sun was going down \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/05.md b/ezr/09/05.md index 41ddc92a63..8179dc2718 100644 --- a/ezr/09/05.md +++ b/ezr/09/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## grows to the heavens ## +# my position of humiliation -This expresses that If guilt were to be physically seen it has grown into a very high object. \ No newline at end of file +another way of saying he was "sitting ashamed" ([Esra 9:4](./03.md)). "where I was sitting on the ground to show how ashamed I was" + +# knelt down and spread my hands + +"got on my knees and stretched out my arms with my hands open toward the sky" + +# our iniquities increase over our head, and our guilt grows to the heavens + +These words are two ways of speaking of iniquity and guilt as if they were physical objects that could grow to be larger than people. The abstract nouns "iniquity" and "guilt" can be expressed as a noun and an adjective, respectively. AT: "we have committed wicked deeds and we are very guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/07.md b/ezr/09/07.md index 9004c294c6..f41e14ebb1 100644 --- a/ezr/09/07.md +++ b/ezr/09/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## the days of our ancestors until now ## +# the days of our ancestors -Ezra is pointing out that they have continued to disobey God in this issue of marrying foreign women. +"the time when our ancestors were alive" -## iniquities ## +# in great guilt ... In our iniquities -AT: "sins" or "going our own way" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract nouns "guilt" and "iniquity" can be translated as an adjective and a verb, respectively. AT: "very guilty ... Because of the evil deeds we did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# we ... were given into the hand of kings + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you gave us ... into the hand of kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# were given into the hand of kings of this world + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "were given into the control of the kings of this world" or "were given over to the kings of this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to the sword, to captivity, and to plunder and ashamed faces + +The sword is a metonym for people killing other people. The abstract nouns "captivity" and "plunder" can be stated as verb phrases. And, "faces" is a synecdoche representing the whole person. AT: "to our enemies to kill us, to capture us, to steal from us, and to cause us shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/08.md b/ezr/09/08.md index bb6000bb15..09d66fc9ef 100644 --- a/ezr/09/08.md +++ b/ezr/09/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## God has come to leave us ## +# mercy from Yahweh our God has come -"God has come to give us" +God deciding to be merciful is spoken of as if mercy were a person who could move. AT: "Yahweh our God has decided to be merciful to us and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## has extended covenant faithfulness to us ## +# but has extended covenant faithfulness to us -God has continued to bless Israel in spite of their unfaithfulness. +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "loyal." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esra 7:28](../07/27.md). AT: "but he as been faithful to us" or "he has been loyal to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## God's house ## +# in the sight of the king of Persia -The temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]]) \ No newline at end of file +The king could not literally see the temple, but he did know about what was happening in Jerusalem. Here "sight" is a metonym for what a person knows. AT: "so that the king of Persia knows about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God's house + +the temple + +# could give us a wall of safety + +The wall that keeps people safe is a metaphor for Yahweh protecting his people. AT: "could keep us safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/10.md b/ezr/09/10.md index 44757d54bf..519a6eb27c 100644 --- a/ezr/09/10.md +++ b/ezr/09/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## This land that you are entering to possess is an unclean land ## +# for all time -This was originally stated by Moses when Israel was to enter the land. They were commanded to destroy all the people not marry them, for they were filled with evil, uncleanness, and sin. - -## for all time ## - -AT: "until the end of the ages" \ No newline at end of file +"until the end of the ages" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/13.md b/ezr/09/13.md index 1bbf1a55e8..511831373b 100644 --- a/ezr/09/13.md +++ b/ezr/09/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## our evil practices and our great guilt ## +# for our evil practices and our great guilt -Israel did not utterly destroy the people practicing evil before God. Israel began marrying them and following their religious practices being led astray from God. +The abstract nouns "practices" and "guilt" can be translated as a noun and an adjective, respectively. AT: "because of the bad things we did and because we were so guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## since you...have held back what our iniquities deserve and left us survivors ## +# have held back what our iniquities deserve and left us survivors -This is an example of God's mercy in action. +"would be just if you killed us all, but you have not punished us and instead left some of us alive" -## should we again break your commandments ## +# should we again break your commandments and make ... people? -This was exactly what some of the returnees have done. They broke God's commands by marrying the people of the land and worshiping their gods. +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "it is very wrong that some of us have broken your commandments and made ... people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Will you not be angry and annihilate us ## +# Will you not be angry ... escape? -God destroyed all of Israel before and Ezra feared that He would do it again and then there would no one left. \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am afraid that you will be angry ... escape." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/15.md b/ezr/09/15.md index ddb294c015..c0f0facfcc 100644 --- a/ezr/09/15.md +++ b/ezr/09/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## one who can stand before you ## +# Look -"none of us are innocent before you" \ No newline at end of file +"Pay attention to what I am about to say" + +# We are here before you in our guilt + +"You can see that we are all guilty" + +# there is no one who can stand before you + +"you do not think that any person is innocent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/09/intro.md b/ezr/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1066c1debe --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Ezra 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Intermarriage ##### +When Ezra found out that many Jews had married Gentile wives, he prayed to God and asked God why he had been so good to them by letting these few people return from captivity even though they sinned by marrying Gentile wives. They did this before and God had punished them for it. God forbid this type of marriage because it caused the people to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/01.md b/ezr/10/01.md index ecc861df43..abd25a2db4 100644 --- a/ezr/10/01.md +++ b/ezr/10/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Shekaniah ## +# As Ezra prayed and confessed ... threw himself down -Translate the same way you did in [Esra 8:4](../08/04.md). +Ezra speaks of himself as if he were someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## Jehiel ## +# threw himself down -Translate the same way you did in [Esra 8:8](../08/08.md). +quickly went from standing to lying facedown -## We ourselves have committed treason against our God ## +# before God's house -This was made as a public confession, not as a boastful claim. +in front of the temple -## But now there is hope for Israel concerning this ## +# Shekaniah -Shekaniah is making a statement of faith that God is and will be merciful to them. \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Esra 8:5](../08/04.md). + +# Jehiel + +See how you translated this in [Esra 8:9](../08/08.md). + +# We have been unfaithful to our God + +This was made as a public confession, not as a boastful claim. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/03.md b/ezr/10/03.md index 4738b3f2c8..c0d5b26c4c 100644 --- a/ezr/10/03.md +++ b/ezr/10/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## let us make a covenant with our God...according to the Lord's instructions ## +# we are with you -Shekaniah presents a proposal to Ezra before God and the people for the confession and cleansing of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +"we will help you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/05.md b/ezr/10/05.md index 68036bcb3c..1a28217d07 100644 --- a/ezr/10/05.md +++ b/ezr/10/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## Jehochanan, and Eliashib ## +# Jehohanan ... Eliashib -names of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## He did not eat any bread or drink any water ## - -Ezra spent the night fasting, praying over Israel's unfaithfulness. \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/07.md b/ezr/10/07.md index 70a0903021..30226a5112 100644 --- a/ezr/10/07.md +++ b/ezr/10/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Anyone who did not come...forfeited all of his possessions ## +# Anyone who did not come ... forfeited all of his possessions and would be excluded -The elders where making it clear that there was grave business to be conducted in Jerusalem which required everyone's presence. +"The officials would take all the possessions away from anyone who did not come ... and would excuse them" or "The people of Judah and Jerusalem would take all the possessions away from anyone who did not come ... and would exclude them" -## three days ## +# three days 3 days (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/09.md b/ezr/10/09.md index 351d13d078..d9937523f5 100644 --- a/ezr/10/09.md +++ b/ezr/10/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## ninth month and twentieth day ## +# in three days -measurement of time +"three days later" -## in the square ## +# ninth month and the twentieth day of the month -A large open courtyard in front of the temple. +This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twentieth day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## committed treason ## +# in the square -The crime of betraying one's country; not being loyal. Ezra equated marrying foreign women as an act of treason. \ No newline at end of file +a large open courtyard in front of the temple + +# committed treason + +The abstract noun "treason" can be translated as a verb. AT: "helped the enemies of your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# so as to increase Israel's guilt + +"and now God considers us guilty of worse sin than before" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/11.md b/ezr/10/11.md index e9762b110c..7f6f10ad22 100644 --- a/ezr/10/11.md +++ b/ezr/10/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## his will ## +# Separate from -The will of God. - -## separate ## - -to move away from, have no part of \ No newline at end of file +move away from, be different from \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/12.md b/ezr/10/12.md index 0abbd95174..b2c1d0d1ab 100644 --- a/ezr/10/12.md +++ b/ezr/10/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## one or two days ## +# this is not only one or two days of work -It will take more than a few days to resolve. - -## it is the rainy season. We have no strength to stand outside ## - -The people express concern regarding everyone remaining outside in the rain while dealing with this issue since it will take more than just a few days. \ No newline at end of file +This litotes can be translated in positive form. AT: "we will need a long time to do all this work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/14.md b/ezr/10/14.md index d8d7c241fa..b22949a1f9 100644 --- a/ezr/10/14.md +++ b/ezr/10/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Jonathan son of Asachel and Jachzeiah theson of Tikvah opposed this ## +# at the time that will be fixed with the city elders and the city judges -Possible meanings are, 1) these men opposed the delay, having the city officials investigate the offenses, or 2) they opposed the investigation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be translated in active form and as separate sentences. AT: "at the time that you will determine. Let them come with the city elder and the city judges" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Meshulam and Shabbetai the Levite supported them ## +# Jonathan ... Asahel ... Jahzeiah ... Tikvah ... Meshullam ... Shabbethai -These men agreed with Jonathan and Asachel in their opposition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jonathan son of Asahel and Jahzeiah son of Tikvah opposed this + +Possible meanings are, 1) these men did not want the city officials to investigate the offenses or 2) they did not want anyone to investigate the people's marriages. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/16.md b/ezr/10/16.md index 52efb720a2..f6c04e83bf 100644 --- a/ezr/10/16.md +++ b/ezr/10/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## did this ## +# did this -The people investigated who married non-Jewish wives. \ No newline at end of file +The people investigated who had married non-Jewish wives. + +# the first day of the tenth month + +This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# first day of the first month + +This is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/18.md b/ezr/10/18.md index cbd663fb22..b5f2fa2ce7 100644 --- a/ezr/10/18.md +++ b/ezr/10/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Jeshua ## +# Jeshua -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:1](../02/01.md). +See how you translated this in [Esra 2:2](../02/01.md). -## Jozadak ## +# Jozadak -See how you translated this in [Esra 3:1](../03/01.md). +See how you translated this in [Esra 3:2](../03/01.md). -## Masseiah and Gedaliah ## +# Maaseiah ... Gedaliah -names of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Eliezer, Jarib ## +# Eliezer ... Jarib -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:15](../08/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Esra 8:16](../08/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/20.md b/ezr/10/20.md index 3a60efc16d..926d1536a4 100644 --- a/ezr/10/20.md +++ b/ezr/10/20.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -Jewish women. +# General Information: -## Immer, Pashhur ## +Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women. -Translate the same way you did in [Esra 2:36](../02/36.md). +# Immer ... Pashhur -## Hanani, Elioenai, Nethanel and Elasah ## +names of men. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:37](../02/36.md). -names of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Hanani ... Elioenai ... Nethanel ... Elasah -## Zebadiah ## +names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:8](../08/08.md). +# Zebadiah -## Harim ## +name of a man. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:08](../08/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:31](../02/31.md). +# Harim -## Maaseiah ## +name of a man. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:32](../02/31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:18](./18.md). +# Maaseiah -## Shemaiah, Jeiel ## +name of a man. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:18](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:12](../08/12.md). +# Shemaiah ... Jehiel -## Jozabad ## +names of men. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:13](../08/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:33](../08/33.md). \ No newline at end of file +# Jozabad + +name of a man. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/23.md b/ezr/10/23.md index c4c8730646..ce12129372 100644 --- a/ezr/10/23.md +++ b/ezr/10/23.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## Jozabad ## +Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:33](../08/33.md). +# Jozabad -## Eliezer ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:15](../08/15.md). +# Eliashib -## Eliashib ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:6](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:5](./05.md). +# Shallum -## Shallum ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:42](../02/40.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:40](../02/40.md). +# Parosh -## Parosh ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:03](../02/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:3](../02/03.md). +# Eleazar -## Eleazar ## - -See how you translated this in [Esra 7:1](../07/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 7:05](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/26.md b/ezr/10/26.md index a71a3ca075..fda26b975b 100644 --- a/ezr/10/26.md +++ b/ezr/10/26.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## Elam, Zattu, Bani ## +Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:7](../02/07.md). +# Elam ... Zattu ... Bani -## Jehiel ## +These are men's names. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:7-10](../02/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:8](../08/08.md). +# Jehiel -## Elioenai ## +This is man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:09](../08/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:20](./20.md). +# Elioenai -## Eliashib, Jehochanan ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:22](./20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:5](./05.md). +# Eliashib -## Bebai ## +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:06](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:11](../02/11.md). +# Bebai -## Jehochanan ## +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:5](./05.md). +# Jehohanan -## Meshullam ## +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:06](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:15](../08/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +# Meshullam + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:16](../08/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/30.md b/ezr/10/30.md index b5a0822869..2740740e47 100644 --- a/ezr/10/30.md +++ b/ezr/10/30.md @@ -1,37 +1,35 @@ -Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## Pahath Moab ## +Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:4](../08/04.md). +# Pahath-Moab -## Benaiah, Shemaiah ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:04](../08/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:23](./23.md). +# Benaiah ... Malchijah -## Maaseiah ## +men's names. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:25](./23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:18](./18.md). +# Maaseiah -## Mattaniah ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:18](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:26](./26.md). +# Mattaniah -## Binnui ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:26](./26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:33](../08/33.md). +# Binnui -## Harim ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:31](../02/31.md). +# Harim -## Eliezer ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:32](../02/31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:15](../08/15.md). +# Eliezer -## Malchijah ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:16](../08/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:23](./23.md). +# Malluk -## Malluch ## - -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:26](./26.md). \ No newline at end of file +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:29](./26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/33.md b/ezr/10/33.md index fbd3e1e942..9a0889e270 100644 --- a/ezr/10/33.md +++ b/ezr/10/33.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## Hashum ## +Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:19](../02/19.md) +# Hashum -## Zabad ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:19](../02/19.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:26](./26.md). +# Zabad -## Eliphelet ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:27](./26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:12](../08/12.md). +# Eliphelet -## Manasseh ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:13](../08/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:30](./30.md). +# Manasseh -## Shimei, Benaiah ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:30](./30.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:23](./23.md). +# Shimei ... Benaiah -## Bani ## +men's names. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:23](./23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:7](../02/07.md). +# Bani -## Meremoth ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:10](../02/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:33](../08/33.md). +# Meremoth -## Eliashib ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:5](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file +# Eliashib + +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:06](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/37.md b/ezr/10/37.md index 931cb613ea..74ff74eccb 100644 --- a/ezr/10/37.md +++ b/ezr/10/37.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## Mattaniah, Adaiah ## +Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:26](./26.md). +# Mattaniah ... Adaiah -## Mattenai ## +men's names. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:26](./26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:33](./33.md). +# Mattenai -## Bani ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:33](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:7](../02/07.md). +# Binnui -## Binnui ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:33](../08/33.md). +# Shimei -## Shimei ## - -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:23](./23.md). \ No newline at end of file +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:23](./23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/41.md b/ezr/10/41.md index 195566cd4e..c97bcffef0 100644 --- a/ezr/10/41.md +++ b/ezr/10/41.md @@ -1,41 +1,43 @@ -Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## Shelemiah ## +Ezra finishes to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:37](./37.md). +# Shelemiah -## Shemariah ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:39](./37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:30](./30.md). +# Shemariah -## Shallum ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:32](./30.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:40](../02/40.md). +# Shallum -## Amariah ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:42](../02/40.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 7:1](../07/01.md). +# Amariah -## Nebo ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 7:03](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 2:27](../02/27.md). +# Nebo -## Jeiel ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 2:29](../02/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 8:12](../08/12.md). +# Jeiel -## Zabad ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 8:13](../08/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:26](./26.md). +# Zabad -## Iddo ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:27](./26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 5:1](../05/01.md). +# Zebina ... Jaddai ... Joel -## Benaiah ## +mens' names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -See how you translated this in [Esra 10:23](./23.md). +# Benaiah -## All of these ## +man's name. See how you translated this in [Esra 10:25](./23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -Ezra is referring all the names listed in the preceding chunks. \ No newline at end of file +# All of these + +all the men in the list beginning in [Esra 10:20](./20.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/10/intro.md b/ezr/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b12d78bea2 --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Ezra 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Intermarriages ##### +The people agree to divorce their Gentile wives. Many Jews were involved in these mixed marriages. Divorce should not normally have been common for the Jews to engage in, but marriage with non-Jewish women was not allowed. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Esra Ezra 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/front/intro.md b/ezr/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6959d213bc --- /dev/null +++ b/ezr/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# Introduction to Ezra # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Ezra #### + +1. The first Jewish exiles return to Jerusalem from Persia (1:1–2:70) +1. The rebuilding of the temple in Jerusalem and reestablishment of temple worship (3:1–6:22) +1. More exiles return, and Ezra leads religious reformation and implementation of the law of Yahweh (7:1–10:44) + - Ezra teaches the people the Law of Yahweh and sets apart the priests and Levites for their service (8:1–36) + - The problem of inter-marriage, and the solution (9:1–10:44) + +#### What is the Book of Ezra about? #### + +The Book of Ezra is about how the people of Israel returned from Babylon and tried to worship Yahweh again as the law required. This included the rebuilding of the temple for sacrifices, the affirmation of the covenant with Yahweh, and the political restoration of the nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The Book of Ezra is named for the priest Ezra who led the first return of Jews to Judah from exile. Translators might choose to make the title clearer, for example, "The book about Ezra." + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Why were Israelites not allowed to marry people from other nations? #### + +Yahweh knew that marrying foreign wives would cause the people of Israel to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Did all of the people of Israel return to their homeland? #### + +Most of the Jews remained in Babylon instead of returning to the Promised Land. They had built successful lives in Babylon and desired to remain there. On the other hand, they were unable to participate in the temple worship as their ancestors had done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How does the Book of Ezra use the term "Israel"? #### + +The Book of Ezra uses the term "Israel" to refer to the kingdom of Judah, which was composed mostly of the two tribes of Judah and Benjamin. The other ten tribes had ended their loyalty to any kings descended from David. After sinking into idolatry and corruption, they had been conquered by the Assyrian Empire, taken away, and entirely absorbed into other ethnic groups. + +#### Do the events in the Book of Ezra proceed in chronological order? #### + +Parts of Ezra do not follow a strict chronological sequence. Translators should pay attention to notes that signal when events are probably out of order with each other. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/01.md b/gal/01/01.md index e05a1f32f4..e6edf9ef00 100644 --- a/gal/01/01.md +++ b/gal/01/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## who raised him ## +# General Information: + +Paul, an apostle, writes this letter to the churches in the area of Galatia. + +# General Information: + +Unless noted otherwise, all instances of "you" and "your" in this letter refer to the Galatians and are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# who raised him "who raised Jesus Christ" -## Paul, an apostle ## +# raised -AT: “From Paul, an apostle” or “This letter is from Paul, an apostle.” \ No newline at end of file +Here this means to cause a dead person to become alive again. + +# brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women, since all believers in Christ are members of one spiritual family, with God as their heavenly Father. AT: "brothers and sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/03.md b/gal/01/03.md index 338521ec90..0077971c47 100644 --- a/gal/01/03.md +++ b/gal/01/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## for our sins ## +# for our sins -"to take the punishment we deserved because of our sins" +"Sins" represents the punishment for sin. AT: "to take the punishment we deserved because of our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## that he might deliver us from this present evil age ## +# that he might deliver us from this present evil age -"that he might set us free from the evil powers at work in the world today" +Here "this ... age" represents the powers at work in the age. AT: "that he might set us free from the evil powers at work in the world today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## our God and Father ## +# our God and Father -This refers to “God our Father.” He is our God and our Father. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to "God our Father." He is our God and our Father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/06.md b/gal/01/06.md index 498dd7e075..ce0b6bbe9b 100644 --- a/gal/01/06.md +++ b/gal/01/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## I am amazed that you are turning so quickly ## +# Connecting Statement: -Another possible meaning is "I am amazed at how quickly you are changing" +Paul gives his reason for writing this letter: he reminds them to continue to understand the gospel. -## amazed that ## +# I am amazed -"amazed to see that" +"I am surprised" or "I am shocked." Paul was disappointed that they were doing this. -## you are turning ## +# you are turning away so quickly from him ... to a different gospel -Possible meanings are 1) "you are changing your mind" or 2) "you are changing your loyalty." +Possible meanings are 1) "you have so quickly stopped trusting in him" or 2) "you have so quickly stopped being loyal to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## him who called you ## +# him who called you -"God who called you" +"God, who called you" -## by the grace of Christ ## +# called -AT: "because of Christ's grace" or "because of Christ's gracious sacrifice." +Here this means God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to serve him, and to proclaim his message of salvation through Jesus. -## men ## +# by the grace of Christ + +"because of Christ's grace" or "because of Christ's gracious sacrifice" + +# you are turning to a different gospel + +"you are believing a different gospel" + +# men "people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/08.md b/gal/01/08.md index 48285134a0..53e0565926 100644 --- a/gal/01/08.md +++ b/gal/01/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## should proclaim ## +# should proclaim -"would proclaim" or "were to proclaim." This is describing something that has not happened and should not happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +This is describing something that has not happened and should not happen. AT: "would proclaim" or "were to proclaim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## other than the one ## +# other than the one "different from the gospel" or "different from the message" -## he should be cursed ## +# let him be cursed -"God should punish that person who preached a false gospel forever" (see UDB). If your language has a common way of calling a curse down on someone, you should use that. +"God should punish that person forever." If your language has a common way of calling a curse down on someone, you should use that. -## For do I now want the approval of men or God? Or am I seeking to please men? ## +# For am I now seeking the approval of men or God? Am I seeking to please men? -These rhetorical questions expect the answer "No." AT: "I do not seek the approval of men but instead I seek the approval of God. I am not seeking to please men." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These rhetorical questions expect the answer "no." AT: "I do not seek the approval of men, but instead I seek the approval of God. I am not seeking to please men." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## If I am still trying to please men, I am not a servant of Christ ## +# If I am still trying to please men, I am not a servant of Christ -Both the "if" phrase and the "then" phrase are contrary to fact. AT: "I am not still trying to please men; I am a servant of Christ" or "If I were still trying to please men, then I would not be a servant of Christ." \ No newline at end of file +Both the "if" phrase and the "then" phrase are contrary to fact. "I am not still trying to please men; I am a servant of Christ" or "If I were still trying to please men, then I would not be a servant of Christ" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/11.md b/gal/01/11.md index 451792eae3..b6babb3096 100644 --- a/gal/01/11.md +++ b/gal/01/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## I did not receive it … nor was I taught it ## +# Connecting Statement: -"I did not hear the gospel … nor was I taught the gospel" +Paul explains that he did not learn the gospel from others; he learned it from Jesus Christ. -## it was by revelation of Jesus Christ to me ## +# brothers -This can mean either "Jesus Christ himself revealed the gospel to me" or "God made me know the gospel when he showed me who Jesus Christ was" +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](./01.md). -## mere humans ## +# not man's gospel -"human origin" \ No newline at end of file +By using this phrase, Paul was not trying to say that Jesus Christ is not himself human. Because Christ is both man and God, however, he is not a sinful human being. Paul is writing about where the gospel came from; that it did not come from other sinful human beings, but it came from Jesus Christ. + +# it was by revelation of Jesus Christ to me + +Possible meanings are 1) "Jesus Christ himself revealed the gospel to me" or 2) "God made me know the gospel when he showed me who Jesus Christ was." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/13.md b/gal/01/13.md index 5787338f0e..5c3af7d377 100644 --- a/gal/01/13.md +++ b/gal/01/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## advancing ## - -"making progress" or "going forward." This metaphor sees being a complete Jew as a place toward which Paul was going ahead of Jews his own age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## former life ## +# former life "behavior at one time" or "prior life" or "earlier life" -## beyond measure ## +# I advanced -"extremely" or "excessively" or "as much as I could" or "more than was necessary" +This metaphor pictures Paul as being ahead of other Jews his age in their goal to be perfect Jews. -## devastating ## +# those who were my own age -"destroying" +"the Jewish people who are the same age as I am" -## fellow ## +# fathers -"Jewish people of the same age" - -## fathers ## - -or "ancestors." \ No newline at end of file +"ancestors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/15.md b/gal/01/15.md index 30dc61d2d8..845fcb6082 100644 --- a/gal/01/15.md +++ b/gal/01/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## he called me through his grace ## +# who called me through his grace -Possible meanings are "God called me to serve Him because He is gracious" or 2) "he called me by means of his grace." +Possible meanings are 1) "God called me to serve him because he is gracious" or 2) "He called me by means of his grace." -## to reveal his Son in me ## +# to reveal his Son in me -Possible meanings are 1) "to allow me to know his (God's) son" (see UDB) or 2) "to show the world through me that Jesus is God's son." +Possible meanings are 1) "to allow me to know his Son" or 2) "to show the world through me that Jesus is God's Son." -## proclaim him ## +# Son -"proclaim God's Son" or "preach the good news about God's Son" +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## consult with flesh and blood ## +# proclaim him -"ask people to help me understand the message" +"proclaim that he is God's Son" or "preach the good news about God's Son" -## go up ## +# consult with flesh and blood -"travel" \ No newline at end of file +This is an expression that means talking with other people. AT: "ask people to help me understand the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# go up to Jerusalem + +"go to Jerusalem." Jerusalem was in a region of high hills, making it necessary to climb many hills in order to get there, and so it was common to describe travel to Jerusalem as "going up to Jerusalem." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/18.md b/gal/01/18.md index 3a313d339b..6baae6dfb6 100644 --- a/gal/01/18.md +++ b/gal/01/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Look, before God ## +# I saw none of the other apostles except James + +This double negative emphasizes that James was the only apostle whom Paul saw. AT: "the only other apostle I saw was James" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# before God Paul wants the Galatians to understand that Paul is completely serious and that he knows that God hears what he says and will judge him if he does not tell the truth. -## in the things I write to you I do not lie ## +# In what I write to you, I assure you before God, that I am not lying -"I am not lying to you in the messages I write to you" \ No newline at end of file +Paul uses litotes to emphasize that he is telling the truth. AT: "I am not lying to you in the messages I write to you" or "in the things I write to you I am telling you the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/21.md b/gal/01/21.md index c036a50efd..76fe47cbd8 100644 --- a/gal/01/21.md +++ b/gal/01/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## regions of ## +# regions of "part of the world called" -## still ## +# They only heard it being said -"at that time" +"but they only knew what they heard others saying about me" -## but they were only hearing ## +# I was still not personally known to the churches of Judea that are in Christ -AT: "but they only knew what they heard others saying about me." - -## I was still not known by sight ## - -"none of the people in these churches had ever seen me" \ No newline at end of file +"None of the people in the churches of Judea that are in Christ had ever met me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/intro.md b/gal/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89d8b77b67 --- /dev/null +++ b/gal/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Galatians 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The introduction to this letter is slightly different than Paul's other letters. It states, "I am not an apostle from men nor through a man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised him from the dead." This statement is probably included because there were false teachers who opposed Paul and tried to undermine his authority. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Heresy ##### +There is only one gospel that is capable of saving a person eternally. This is the true, biblical gospel, any other version of the gospel is under condemnation from God. Those who teach a false gospel are considered accursed and it is possible that they are outside of salvation. They should be treated as non-Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +##### Paul's qualifications ##### + +There was an issue in the early church whereby certain people taught that Gentiles needed to obey the law of Moses. In this chapter, Paul gives his credentials or qualifications as an "exemplary" Jew in order to refute this teaching (1:11-24). As a Jew, and the apostle to the Gentile people, Paul is uniquely qualified to address this issue. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "You are turning so quickly to a different gospel" ##### +Galatians was probably the first letter Paul wrote, making this line one of the first recorded statements about the early church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Galatians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Galatians intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/01.md b/gal/02/01.md index 7b0bb5fe2f..367702470e 100644 --- a/gal/02/01.md +++ b/gal/02/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## went up ## +# Connecting Statement: -or "traveled." Jerusalem is located in hilly country. The Jews also viewed Jerusalem as the place on earth that is closest to heaven, so Paul may have been speaking figuratively. +Paul continues to give the history of how he learned the gospel from God, not the apostles. -## I should go ## +# went up -"go to Jerusalem." or "go there" +"traveled." Jerusalem is located in hilly country. The Jews also viewed Jerusalem as the place on earth that is closest to heaven, so Paul may have been speaking figuratively, or it may be that it was reflecting the difficult, uphill, journey to get to Jerusalem. -## those of repute who were leading the others ## +# those who seemed to be important -"the most important leaders of the believers" (UDB) +"the most important leaders among the believers" -## for nothing ## +# I was not running—or had not run—in vain -"for no benefit" or "working uselessly" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Paul uses running as a metaphor for work, and he uses a double negative to emphasize that the work he had done was profitable. AT: "I was doing, or had done, profitable work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in vain + +"for no benefit" or "for nothing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/03.md b/gal/02/03.md index a3f2316860..61fd042681 100644 --- a/gal/02/03.md +++ b/gal/02/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## false brothers sent in secretly ## +# to be circumcised -"people who pretended to be Christians who came to cause harm without anyone knowing about it" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to have someone circumcise him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## spy ## +# The false brothers came in secretly -secretly look at people to see what they are doing in order to harm them +"People who pretended to be Christians came into the church," or "People who pretended to be Christians came among us" -## liberty ## +# spy on the liberty -freedom (see UDB) +secretly watch people to see how they live in liberty -## They desired ## +# liberty -"These spies desired" or "These false brothers desired" +freedom -## to make us slaves to the law ## +# They desired -"to force us to obey the law." "The law" here refers following Jewish rituals, most importantly circumcision. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"These spies desired" or "These false brothers wanted" -## yield in submission ## +# to make us slaves -"submit" or "listen" +"to make us slaves to the law." Paul is speaking about being forced to follow the Jewish rituals that the law commanded. He is speaking about this as if it were slavery. The most important ritual was circumcision. AT: "to force us to obey the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## might remain unchanged for you ## +# yield in submission -"will continue in you" or "will remain unchanged for you" or "will stay unchanged for you" - -## you ## - -plural \ No newline at end of file +"submit" or "listen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/06.md b/gal/02/06.md index 21dd692cf6..41b5c87cd0 100644 --- a/gal/02/06.md +++ b/gal/02/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Instead, they ## +# added nothing to me -"instead, the leaders" +The word "me" here represents what Paul was teaching. AT: "added nothing to what I teach" or "did not tell me to add anything to what I teach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I had been entrusted ## +# On the contrary -AT: "God trusted me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Instead" or "Rather" -## to proclaim ## +# I had been entrusted -"to preach" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God trusted me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/09.md b/gal/02/09.md index 9ff3d48bfc..4b9da831e0 100644 --- a/gal/02/09.md +++ b/gal/02/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## gave ... the right hand of fellowship ## +# built up the church -"welcomed ... as fellow workers" or "welcomed ... with honor" +They were men who taught people about Jesus and convinced people to believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the right hand ## +# understood the grace that had been given to me -AT: "their right hands." +The abstract noun "grace" can be translated as the verb "be kind." AT: "understood that God had been kind to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## remember the poor ## +# the grace that had been given to me -"take care of the needs of the poor" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the grace that God had given to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# gave ... the right hand of fellowship + +Grasping and shaking the right hand was a symbol of fellowship. AT: "welcomed ... as fellow workers" or "welcomed ... with honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the right hand + +"their right hands" + +# remember the poor + +You may need to make explicit what about the poor he was to remember. AT: "remember to take care of the needs of the poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/11.md b/gal/02/11.md index 0e8e228e34..f003e8af00 100644 --- a/gal/02/11.md +++ b/gal/02/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## I resisted him to his face ## +# I opposed him to his face -"I confronted him in person" or "I challenged his actions in person" +The words "to his face" are a metonym for "where he could see and hear me." AT: "I confronted him in person" or "I challenged his actions in person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Before ## +# Before in relation to time -## he stopped ## +# he stopped "he stopped eating with them" -## in fear of these men ## +# He was afraid of those who were demanding circumcision -"because he was afraid that these men would judge that he was doing something wrong" or "because he was afraid that these men would blame him for doing something wrong" +The reason Cephas was afraid can be stated explicitly. AT: "He was afraid that these men who required circumcision would judge that he was doing something wrong" or "He was afraid that these men who required circumcision would blame him for doing something wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## men who have been circumcised ## +# those who were demanding circumcision -Jews +Jews who had become Christians, but who demanded that those who believe in Christ live according to Jewish customs -## kept away from ## +# kept away from "stayed away from" or "avoided" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/13.md b/gal/02/13.md index 2fdd6303d0..4603da6257 100644 --- a/gal/02/13.md +++ b/gal/02/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## how can you force the Gentiles to live like Jews? ## +# not following the truth of the gospel -"you are wrong to force the Gentiles to live like Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"they were not living like people who believe the gospel" or "they were living as though they did not believe the gospel" -## force ## +# how can you force the Gentiles to live like Jews? -using words \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question is a rebuke and can be translated as a statement. The word "you" is singular and refers to Peter. AT: "you are wrong to force the Gentiles to live like Jews." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# force + +Possible meanings are 1) force by using words or 2) persuade . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/15.md b/gal/02/15.md index 404d52b6ac..40209af428 100644 --- a/gal/02/15.md +++ b/gal/02/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -(Some translators think that these verses are also what Paul said to Peter on that occasion.) +# Connecting Statement: -## We came to faith in Christ Jesus ## +Paul tells the believers that Jews who know the law, as well as Gentiles who do not know the law, are saved only by faith in Christ and not by keeping the law. + +# not Gentile sinners + +"not those whom the Jews call Gentile sinners" + +# We also came to faith in Christ Jesus "We believed in Christ Jesus" -## no flesh ## +# we -"no person" \ No newline at end of file +This probably refers to Paul and others but not to the Galatians, who were primarily Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# no flesh + +The word "flesh" is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "no person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/17.md b/gal/02/17.md index d024f0f8bb..d5a3dbb8e1 100644 --- a/gal/02/17.md +++ b/gal/02/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Absolutely not! ## +# while we seek to be justified in Christ -"Of course that is not true!" This expression give the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "justified in Christ" means justified because we are united with Christ and justified by means of Christ. + +# we too, were found to be sinners + +The words "were found to be" are an idiom that emphasizes that "we are" certainly sinners. AT: "we see that we also certainly are sinners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Absolutely not! + +"Of course, that is not true!" This expression gives the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question "Does Christ become a servant of sin?" You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/20.md b/gal/02/20.md index b7a068a7ea..dd68dac766 100644 --- a/gal/02/20.md +++ b/gal/02/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## I do not negate ## +# Son of God -"I do not set aside" (UDB) or "make of no value" +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## if righteousness existed through the law, then Christ would have died for nothing ## +# I do not set aside -That is, because righteousness did not exist through the law, Christ did not die for nothing. +Paul states a negative to emphasize the positive. AT: "I confirm the value of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## would have died for nothing ## +# if righteousness could be gained through the law, then Christ died for nothing -"would have accomplished nothing by dying" \ No newline at end of file +Paul is describing a situation that never existed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# if righteousness could be gained through the law + +"if people could become righteous by obeying the law" + +# then Christ died for nothing + +"then Christ would have accomplished nothing by dying" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/02/intro.md b/gal/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..838313eb58 --- /dev/null +++ b/gal/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Galatians 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues the discussion of Paul's qualifications that began in [Galatians 1:11](../01/11.md). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Freedom and slavery ##### + +These two concepts are used in contrast to each other. The Christian has freedom in Christ to be able to do many different things, but the Christian who attempts to follow the law of Moses, even one point, is under obligation to follow the whole of the law. This attempt to follow the law enslaves the Christians to have to follow it all. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "I do not negate the grace of God" ##### + +Paul teaches that, if a Christian attempts to follow the law of Moses, they fail to understand the grace God has shown to them. This is a fundamental error, but Paul uses this statement as a type of hypothetical situation. The purpose of this statement could be seen as, "if you could be saved by following the law, then it would negate the grace of God." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Galatians 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/01.md b/gal/03/01.md index fadaa712b4..a9d07cdb5f 100644 --- a/gal/03/01.md +++ b/gal/03/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## whose evil eye has harmed you? ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul is using irony and a rhetorical question to say that the Galatians are acting as though someone has put a spell on them. He does not really believe that someone has put a spell on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul reminds the believers in Galatia that God gave them God's Spirit when they believed the gospel by faith, not by their doing God's law. -## evil eye ## +# General Information: -This term is related to witchcraft and the casting of spells. It is used in a figurative sense here. If your language has a different way to express the placing of a spell on someone, you may want to use it here. +Paul is rebuking the Galatians by asking rhetorical questions. -## Was not Jesus Christ depicted as crucified before your eyes? ## +# Who has put a spell on you? -This is another rhetorical question: "I told you exactly how they had crucified Jesus Christ" (UDB). +Paul is using irony and a rhetorical question to say that the Galatians are acting as though someone has put a spell on them. He does not really believe that someone has put a spell on them. AT: "You behave as if someone has put a spell on you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I only want to learn this from you ## +# put a spell on you -This continues the irony from verse 1. Paul knows the answers to the rhetorical questions he is about to ask. As you translate, emphasize this and only, as these are the most important words in the sentence. +"done magic on you" or "done witchcraft on you" -## this ## +# It was before your eyes that Jesus Christ was publicly displayed as crucified -refers to the three questions that follow +Paul speaks of his clear teaching of Jesus being crucified as if he had put on public display a picture of Jesus being crucified. And he speaks of the Galatians having heard his teaching as if they had seen the picture. AT: "You yourselves heard the clear teaching about Jesus being crucified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law or by believing in what you heard ## +# This is the only thing I want to learn from you -"You received the Spirit, not by doing what the law says, but by believing what you heard." Translate this rhetorical question as a question if you can, because the reader will be expecting a question here. Also, be sure that the reader knows that the answer to the question is "by believing what you heard," not "by doing what the law says." +This continues the irony from verse 1. Paul knows the answers to the rhetorical questions he is about to ask. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## Are you so foolish? ## +# Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law or by believing what you heard? -This rhetorical question not only says "You(plural) are very foolish!" (UDB), it also shows that Paul is surprised and even angry that the Galatians are foolish. +Translate this rhetorical question as a question if you can, because the reader will be expecting a question here. Also, be sure that the reader knows that the answer to the question is "by believing what you heard," not "by doing what the law says." AT: "You received the Spirit, not by doing what the law says, but by believing what you heard." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## in the flesh ## +# Are you so foolish? -"by your own work" \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question shows that Paul is surprised and even angry that the Galatians are foolish. AT: "You are very foolish!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# by the flesh + +The word "flesh" is a metonym for effort. AT: "by your own effort" or "by your own work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/04.md b/gal/03/04.md index 06ba491d37..9ea41755b9 100644 --- a/gal/03/04.md +++ b/gal/03/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Did you suffer … for nothing? ## +# Have you suffered so many things for nothing ... ? -Paul asks a rhetorical question to remind the Galatians of the hardships they had suffered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]].) +Paul uses this question to remind the Galatians that when they were suffering, they believed that they would receive some benefit. AT: "Surely you did not think that you were suffering so many things for nothing ... !" or "Surely you knew that there was some good purpose for suffering so many things ... !" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## suffer so many things ## +# Have you suffered so many things for nothing -AT: 1) "experience so many good and bad things" (see UDB) or 2) "suffer so much" persecution because of their original commitment to Christ or 3) "work so hard" to keep the law +It can be stated clearly that they had suffered these things because of people who opposed them for their faith in Christ. AT: "Have you suffered so many things by those who opposed you for your faith in Christ for nothing" or "You believed in Christ, and you suffered many things by those who oppose Christ. Were your belief and suffering for nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## if indeed they were for nothing ## +# for nothing -AT: 1) "they would have been of no value at all if you had not been trusting in him" (UDB) or 2) assuming the Galatians were working hard to keep the law, "if the work you did were only for nothing," meaning that they were depending on works, not on Christ, and God would not count them as believers. +"uselessly" or "without the hope of receiving something good" -## does he … do it by the works of the law or by the hearing with faith? ## +# if indeed it was for nothing? -Paul asks another rhetorical question to remind the Galatians how people receive the Spirit. AT: "he … does not do it by the works of the law; he does it by the hearing with faith." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]].) +Possible meanings are 1) Paul uses this rhetorical question to warn them not to let their experiences be for nothing. AT: "Do not let it be for nothing!" or "Do not stop believing in Jesus Christ and let your suffering be for nothing." or 2) Paul uses this question to assure them that their suffering was not for nothing. AT: "It was certainly not for nothing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## by the works of the law ## +# Does he ... do so by the works of the law, or by hearing with faith? -"when we do what the law tells us to do" +Paul asks another rhetorical question to remind the Galatians how people receive the Spirit. AT: "He ... does not do it by the works of the law; he does it by hearing with faith." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## by the hearing with faith ## +# by the works of the law -"when we listen to the message and put our trust in Jesus" \ No newline at end of file +This represents people doing the works that the law requires. AT: "because you do what the law tells us to do" + +# by hearing with faith + +Your language may require that what the people heard and whom they trusted be stated explicitly. AT: "because you heard the message and had faith in Jesus" or "because you listened to the message and trusted in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/06.md b/gal/03/06.md index 11a4bb4904..8498b7531b 100644 --- a/gal/03/06.md +++ b/gal/03/06.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## it was credited to him as righteousness ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul reminds the Galatian believers that even Abraham received righteousness by faith and not by the law. + +# it was credited to him as righteousness God saw Abraham's faith in God, so then God considered Abraham righteous. -## they who believe ## +# those of faith -"people who believe" +"those who have faith." The meaning of the noun "faith" can be expressed with the verb "believe". AT: "those who believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## sons of Abraham ## +# children of Abraham -"descendants of Abraham," not his physical descendants, but righteous in the same way as Abraham (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This represents people whom God views as he viewed Abraham. AT: "righteous in the same way as Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## foresaw ## +# foreseeing -"predicted" or "saw before it happened." Because God made the promise to Abraham and they wrote it down before the promise came through Christ, the scripture is like someone who knows the future before it happens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Because God made the promise to Abraham and they wrote it down before the promise came through Christ, the scripture is like someone who knows the future before it happens. AT: "predicted" or "saw before it happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## In you ## +# In you -"Because of what you have done" (UDB) or "Because I have blessed you" +"Because of what you have done" or "Because I have blessed you." The word "you" refers to Abraham and is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## all the nations ## +# all the nations -"all the people-groups in the world" (UDB). God was emphasizing that he was not favoring only the Jewish people, his chosen group. His plan of salvation was for both Jews and non-Jews. - -## have faith ## - -believe God \ No newline at end of file +"all the people-groups in the world." God was emphasizing that he was not favoring only the Jewish people, his chosen group. His plan of salvation was for both Jews and non-Jews. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/10.md b/gal/03/10.md index cc94a24608..c04d264bc6 100644 --- a/gal/03/10.md +++ b/gal/03/10.md @@ -1,35 +1,27 @@ -## Those who rely on … the law are under a curse ## +# All who rely on ... the law are under a curse -"God will eternally punish those who rely on … the law" +Being under a curse represents being cursed. Here it refers to being eternally punished. "Those who rely on ... the law are cursed" or "God will eternally punish those who rely on ... the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Now it is clear that God justifies ## +# Now it is clear -"God has said plainly that he justifies" +What is clear can be stated explicitly. AT "The scriptures are clear" or "The scriptures teach clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Those ## +# no one is justified before God by the law -"People" or "The people" +This can be stated with an active verb. AT: "God justifies no one by the law" -## works of the law ## +# no one is justified before God by the law -obeying God's law +Paul is correcting their believe that if they obeyed the law, God would justify them. AT: "no one is justified before God by obeying the law" or "God does not justify anyone for their obedience to the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## abide by ## +# the righteous will live by faith -"live according to" or "submit to" or "stay faithful to" or "obey" or "observe" +The nominal adjective "righteous" refers to righteous people. AT: "righteous people will live by faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## to do it all ## +# the works of the law -"to obey all of the law." +"what the law says we must do" -## The righteous ## +# must live by them -"The people whom God considers righteous" or "The righteous people" - -## things in the law ## - -" things written in the law" - -## will live by the laws ## - -This can mean 1) "must obey them all" (UDB) or 2) "will live because he does what the law commands" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "must obey them all" or 2) "will be judged by his ability to do what the law demands." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/13.md b/gal/03/13.md index 15f5ded593..4b3f5c33b7 100644 --- a/gal/03/13.md +++ b/gal/03/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## he became a curse for us ## +# Connecting Statement: -"God condemned him instead of condemning us" +Paul reminds these believers again that keeping the law could not save a person and that the law did not add a new condition to the promise by faith given to Abraham. -## hangs on a tree ## +# from the curse of the law -This refers to the practice of hanging the body of one already dead in a typical tree. Paul expected his audience to understand that he was referring to Jesus hanging on the cross. +The noun "curse" can be expressed with the verb "curse." AT: "from being cursed because of the law" or "from being cursed for not obeying the law" -## might ## +# by becoming a curse for us + +The noun "curse" can be expressed with the verb "curse." AT: "by being cursed for us" or "when God cursed him instead of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# from the curse of the law ... becoming a curse for us ... Cursed is everyone + +Curse here represents being condemned. AT: "from being condemned by the law ... being condemned instead of us ... Condemned is everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# hangs on a tree + +Paul expected his audience to understand that he was referring to Jesus hanging on the cross. + +# might "will" -## we ## +# we -inclusive. Paul was including himself with the non-Jews. \ No newline at end of file +The word "we" includes the people who would read the letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/15.md b/gal/03/15.md index 2b31f857cc..3aea3cbea4 100644 --- a/gal/03/15.md +++ b/gal/03/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## in human terms ## +# Brothers -"as a man" or "as a person" or "as a human" +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/01.md). -## referring to many ## +# in human terms + +"as a person" or "of things most people understand" + +# Now + +This word shows that Paul has stated a general principle and is now beginning to introduce a specific case. + +# referring to many "referring to many descendants" -## Now ## +# to your descendant -Paul has stated a general principle and is introducing a specific case. \ No newline at end of file +The word "your" is singular and refers to a specific person, who is a particular descendant of Abraham (and that descendant is identified as "Christ"). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/17.md b/gal/03/17.md index 3d48557586..ab1453950d 100644 --- a/gal/03/17.md +++ b/gal/03/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## The covenant confirmed beforehand by God does not have its promise voided by the law that came 430 years later ## +# 430 years -"The law, which God made 430 years after he had made the covenant, did not cancel that covenant and so cancel the promise" +"four hundred and thirty years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## by means of ## +# For if the inheritance comes by the law, then it no longer comes by promise -"by way of" or "through" \ No newline at end of file +Paul is speaking of a situation that did not exist to emphasize that the inheritance came only by means of the promise. AT: "the inheritance comes to us by means of the promise, because we could not keep the demands of God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# inheritance + +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were an inheritance of property and wealth from a family member, and eternal blessings and redemption. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/19.md b/gal/03/19.md index 72b22a10bd..85c34ca469 100644 --- a/gal/03/19.md +++ b/gal/03/19.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## Why then was there the law? ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Why then was the law given?" or "Why then did God give the law?" +Paul tells the believers in Galatia why God gave the law. -## it was added ## +# What, then, was the purpose of the law? -"God added it" or "God added the law" +Paul uses a rhetorical question to introduce the next topic he wants to discuss. It can also be translated as a statement. AT: "I will tell you what the purpose of the law is." or "Let me tell you why God gave the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## those ## +# It was added -"the people" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God added it" or "God added the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the law was put into force through angels by the hand of a mediator ## +# The law was put into force through angels by a mediator -"Angels issued the law and a mediator put it into force" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God issued the law with the help of angels, and a mediator put it into force" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## put into force ## +# a mediator -develop a way of enforcing +"a representative" -## mediator ## +# Now a mediator implies more than one person, but God is one -Moses - -## a mediator implies more than one person ## - -"the presence of a mediator implies that there is more than one person acting" \ No newline at end of file +God gave his promise to Abraham without a mediator, but he gave the law to Moses with a mediator. As a result, Paul's readers may have thought that the law somehow made the promise to no effect. Paul is stating what his readers might have thought here, and he will respond to them in the verses that follow. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/21.md b/gal/03/21.md index ccc00f8b09..36f9760889 100644 --- a/gal/03/21.md +++ b/gal/03/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## against ## +# General Information: -or "opposed to" or "in conflict with" +The word "us" in this section refers to all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## if a law had been given that was able to give life, righteousness would certainly have come by that law ## +# against -This can also mean "If God had given a law that enabled those who kept it to live, we could have become righteous by obeying that law" +"opposed to" or "in conflict with" -## scripture imprisoned all things under sin. So God's promise to save us by faith in Jesus Christ was given to those who believe ## +# if a law had been given that could give life -This can also mean "Because we sin, God put all things under the control of the law like putting them in prison, so that what he has promised to those who have faith in Christ Jesus he might give to those who believe" or "Because we sin, God put all things under the control of the law like putting them in prison. He did this because what he has promised to those who have faith in Christ Jesus he wants to give to those who believe." +This can be stated in active form, and the abstract noun "life" can be translated with the verb "live." AT: "if God had given a law that enabled those who kept it to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## scripture ## +# righteousness would certainly have come by the law -"God," the author of scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +"we could have become righteous by obeying that law" + +# scripture imprisoned everything under sin. God did this so that the promise to save us by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe + +Other possible meanings are 1) "because we all sin, God put all things under the control of the law, like putting them in prison, so that what he has promised to those who have faith in Christ Jesus he might give to those who believe" or 2) "because we sin, God put all things under the control of the law, like putting them in prison. He did this because what he has promised to those who have faith in Christ Jesus he wants to give to those who believe." + +# scripture + +Paul is treating scripture as though it were a person and is speaking of God, who wrote scripture. AT: "God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/23.md b/gal/03/23.md index 00d1cda518..7124f8379f 100644 --- a/gal/03/23.md +++ b/gal/03/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## we were imprisoned and confined by the law ## +# Connecting Statement: -"the law controlled us like a prison guard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul reminds those in Galatia that believers are free in God's family, not slaves under the law. -## until the revelation of faith ## +# we were held captive under the law, imprisoned -"until God revealed that he justifies those who trust in Christ" or "until God revealed that he justifies those who have faith in Christ." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the law held us captive and we were in prison" or "the law held us captive in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to bring us to the time of Christ ## +# we were held captive under the law, imprisoned -"until Christ came" +The way the law controlled us is spoken of as if the law were a prison guard holding us as captives. AT: "the law controlled us like a prison guard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that we might be justified ## +# until faith should be revealed -"that we would be declared to be righteous." God had planned to justify us before "the time of Christ"; when that time came, he carried out his plan to justify us. +This can be stated in active form, and who this faith is in can be stated clearly. AT: "until God would reveal that he justifies those who have faith in Christ" or "until God would reveal that he justifies those who trust in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## childminder ## +# guardian -This is sometimes translated as "tutor" but it means more than a teacher. The childminder was usually a slave who was responsible for training an heir how to live a moral, productive life. \ No newline at end of file +More than simply "one who gives oversight to a child," this was usually a slave who was responsible for enforcing rules and behaviors given by the parent and would report to the parent on the child's actions. + +# until Christ came + +"until the time when Christ came" + +# so that we might be justified + +Before Christ came, God had planned to justify us. When Christ came, he carried out his plan to justify us. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that God would declare us to be righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/27.md b/gal/03/27.md index b4e2fdde74..8cacf96306 100644 --- a/gal/03/27.md +++ b/gal/03/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -In this passage, the word 'you' is always plural. +# For as many of you who were baptized into Christ -## you … have clothed yourselves in Christ ## +"For all of you who were baptized into Christ" -This can mean 1) "you … have become the same sort of person as Christ is" (UDB) or 2) "you … have the same relationship to God as Christ." +# have clothed yourselves with Christ -## There is neither ## +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor meaning that they have been united to Christ. AT: "have become united with Christ" or "belong to Christ" or 2) this is a metaphor meaning that they have become like Christ. AT: "have become like Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"There is no distinction between" or "God sees no difference between" +# There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female -## If you are Christ's then are you ## +"God sees no difference between Jew and Greek, slave and free, male and female" -"If you are Christ's, then you are" \ No newline at end of file +# heirs + +The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/03/intro.md b/gal/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..90a7341d89 --- /dev/null +++ b/gal/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Galatians 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Equality in Christ ##### +In the church, there is equality between all members. Race, ethnic identity, sex and economic standing do not matter. All have equal standing with each other and in the eyes of God. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Paul uses many different rhetorical questions to convince the Galatians of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Those who believe are sons of Abraham" ##### +Scholars are divided over what this means. Some believe Christians inherit the promises of Abraham, replacing the physical descendants of Israel. Others believe Christians are those who follow in the spiritual footsteps of Abraham, but they do not inherit the promises given to Abraham. In light of Paul's other teachings, and the context here, it is probable that Paul is talking about the Jewish Christians as living in equality with the Gentile Christians; but this does not negate the specific future and inheritance of the physical descendants of Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Galatians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/01.md b/gal/04/01.md index e00064a455..e7084268da 100644 --- a/gal/04/01.md +++ b/gal/04/01.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -(There are no notes for these verses.) \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul continues to remind the Galatian believers that Christ came to redeem those who were under the law, and that he made them no more slaves but sons. + +# no different from + +"the same as" + +# guardians + +people with legal responsibility for children + +# trustees + +people whom others trust to keep valuable items safe \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/03.md b/gal/04/03.md index ea5534210f..4be3d9c790 100644 --- a/gal/04/03.md +++ b/gal/04/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## we ## +# General Information: -all Christians, including Paul's readers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +The word "we" here refers to all Christians, including Paul's readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## the elemental principles of the universe ## +# the elemental principles of the world -This can also refer to the sun, moon, and stars, which some people think control what happens on earth, or it can refer to impersonal things like laws or moral principles. +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the laws or moral principles of the world, or 2) this refers to spiritual powers, which some people thought control what happens on earth. -## might ## +# redeem -or "would" +Paul uses the metaphor of a person buying back lost property or buying the freedom of a slave as a picture of Jesus paying for his people's sins by dying on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## sent forth ## +# Son -or "sent" or "sent off" \ No newline at end of file +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/06.md b/gal/04/06.md index 23fe58e53e..be3d119314 100644 --- a/gal/04/06.md +++ b/gal/04/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Abba ## +# you are sons ... you are no longer a slave, but a son + +Paul uses the word for male child here because the subject is inheritance. In his culture and that of his readers, inheritance passed most commonly, but not always, to male children. He was neither specifying nor excluding female children here. + +# God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, who calls out, "Abba, Father." + +By calling out "Abba, Father" the Spirit assures us that we are God's children and he loves us. + +# sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts + +The heart is metonym for the part of a person that thinks and feels. AT: "sent his Son's Spirit to show us how to think and act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# who calls + +The Spirit is the one who calls. + +# Abba, Father This is the way a young child would address his father in Paul's home language, but not in the language of the Galatian readers. To keep the sense of a foreign language, translate this as a word that sounds as much like "Abba" as your language allows. -## sent forth the Spirit of his Son into our hearts ## +# you are no longer a slave ... you are also an heir -"sent his Son's Spirit to show us how to think and act" +Paul is addressing his readers as though they are one person, so "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## who calls ## +# heir -the Spirit is the one who calls - -## sons … son … son ## - -Paul uses the word for male child here because the subject is inheritance. In his culture and that of his readers, inheritance passed most commonly, but not always, to male children. He was neither specifying nor excluding female children here. \ No newline at end of file +The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/08.md b/gal/04/08.md index 94be379e0d..6a25c6bedb 100644 --- a/gal/04/08.md +++ b/gal/04/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -All instances of the word 'you' here are plural. +# Connecting Statement: -## the ones ## +Paul reminds the Galatian believers that they are again trying to live under God's laws rather than living by faith. -"those things" or "those spirits" +# General Information: -## you are known by God ## +He continues to rebuke the Galatians by asking rhetorical questions. -"God knows you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# those who are -## why are you returning again…? ## +"those things that are" or "those spirits who are" -This is the first of two rhetorical questions. AT: "you should not return again…." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]].) +# you are known by God -## elemental principles ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God knows you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Translate this phrase the same way you translated it in [Galatians 4:3](./03.md). +# how is it that you are turning back to ... principles? -## Do you want to be slaves…? ## +This is the first of two rhetorical questions. AT: "you should not go back to ... principles." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "You should not want to be slaves…" or "It seems that you do want to be slaves…." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]].) \ No newline at end of file +# elemental principles + +See how you translated this phrase in [Galatians 4:3](./03.md). + +# Do you want to be enslaved all over again? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not want to be slaves all over again!" or "It seems that you do want to be slaves again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/10.md b/gal/04/10.md index 85b60df773..7fd31f55e0 100644 --- a/gal/04/10.md +++ b/gal/04/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## carefully observe ## +# You observe days and new moons and seasons and years -"keep" or "celebrate." Paul is speaking of feasts and fasts. +Paul is speaking of their being careful to celebrate certain times, thinking that doing that will make them right with God. AT: "You carefully celebrate days and new moons and seasons and years" -## labored over you ## +# may have been for nothing -"worked hard to teach you about Jesus." This word is never used for childbirth in the New Testament. - -## in vain ## - -"with no effect" or "to no purpose" - -## you ## - -plural \ No newline at end of file +"may have been useless" or "has not had any effect effect" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/12.md b/gal/04/12.md index a8a3673df6..f719a95a60 100644 --- a/gal/04/12.md +++ b/gal/04/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## beg ## +# Connecting Statement: -to ask or urge strongly (see UDB). This is not the word used to ask for money or food or physical objects. +Paul reminds the Galatian believers how kindly they treated him when he was with them, and he encourages them to continue to trust him while he is not there with them. -## You did me no wrong ## +# beg -AT: "You treated me very well" or "You treated me as you should have." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Here this means to ask or urge strongly. This is not the word used to ask for money or food or physical objects. -## What was a trial to you in my flesh ## +# brothers -AT: "What was difficult for you to see in my flesh" +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/01.md). -## you ## +# You did me no wrong -plural +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "You treated me well" or "You treated me as you should have" -## despise ## +# Though my physical condition put you to the test + +"Though it was difficult for you to see me so physically ill" + +# despise "hate very much" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/15.md b/gal/04/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index fa9cdc8a5d..0000000000 --- a/gal/04/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -## Where, therefore, is now your happiness? ... have I become your enemy...? ## - -AT: "But now you are no longer happy! ... You seem to think that I have become your enemy" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/17.md b/gal/04/17.md index 358ef010d0..e8ed28a39d 100644 --- a/gal/04/17.md +++ b/gal/04/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## passionately seek you...follow them...be passionate for good reasons ## +# to win you over -AT: "follow after you...follow after them...follow after good things" to capture Paul's use of the same word in all three cases. +"to convince you to join them" -## separate ## +# to shut you out -in loyalty, not physical distance +"to shut you out from us" or "to make you stop being loyal to us" -## follow them ## +# zealous for them -"do what they tell you to do" - -## It is good to want ## - -"It is good that they want" \ No newline at end of file +"zealous to do what they tell you to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/19.md b/gal/04/19.md index fc8127f53c..fa8264caff 100644 --- a/gal/04/19.md +++ b/gal/04/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## I am suffering labor pains for you again, until Christ will have been formed in you ## +# Connecting Statement: -Just as a pregnant woman is in pain when her baby is being born, Paul will be concerned about the Galatians until they are like Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul tells believers that grace and law cannot work together. + +# My little children + +This is a metaphor for disciples or followers. AT: "You who are disciples because of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am in the pains of childbirth for you until Christ is formed in you + +Paul uses childbirth as a metaphor for his concern about the Galatians. AT: "I am in pain as though I were a woman having to give birth to you, and I will continue to be in pain until Christ truly controls you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/21.md b/gal/04/21.md index d60f7ae8af..3427c6e776 100644 --- a/gal/04/21.md +++ b/gal/04/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Tell me ## +# Tell me -"I want to ask a question." AT: "I want to tell you something." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"I want to ask a question" or "I want to tell you something" -## do you not listen to what the law says? ## +# do you not listen to the law? -"have you not heard what the law says?" or "you need to learn what the law really says" or "let me tell you what the law says." Paul is introducing what he will be saying in verses 22-23. \ No newline at end of file +Paul is introducing what he will say next. AT: "you need to learn what the law really says." or "let me tell you what the law really says." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/24.md b/gal/04/24.md index f9b6462bbd..957dd8fed5 100644 --- a/gal/04/24.md +++ b/gal/04/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## These things can be explained allegorically ## +# Connecting Statement: -"This story of the two sons is like a picture of what I'm going to tell you now" +Paul begins a story to illustrate a truth—that law and grace cannot exist together. -## Mount Sinai ## +# These things may be interpreted as an allegory -"Mount Sinai, where Moses gave the law to Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"This story of the two sons is like a picture of what I will tell you now" -## who gives birth to bondage ## +# as an allegory -"the people under this covenant are like slaves who have to obey the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +An "allegory" is a story in which the people and things in it represent other things. In Paul's allegory, the two women referred to in [Galatians 4:22](./21.md) represent two covenants. -## symbolizes ## +# Mount Sinai + +"Mount Sinai" is a synecdoche for the law that Moses gave to the Israelites there. AT: "Mount Sinai, where Moses gave the law to Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# she gives birth to children who are slaves + +Paul treats the law as if it were a person. AT: "The people under this covenant are like slaves who have to obey the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# represents "is a picture of" -## she is in bondage with her children ## +# she is in slavery with her children -Hagar is a slave and her children are slaves with her. AT: "Jerusalem, like Hagar, is a slave, and her children are slaves with her" (see UDB). \ No newline at end of file +Hagar is a slave and her children are slaves with her. AT: "Jerusalem, like Hagar, is a slave, and her children are slaves with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/26.md b/gal/04/26.md index 4d84c954d9..3fd8090841 100644 --- a/gal/04/26.md +++ b/gal/04/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## free ## +# free -not bound, not a slave +Here "free" means not bound, not a slave. -## Rejoice ## +# Rejoice -be happy +"Be happy" -## Break out and shout ## +# you barren one ... you who are not suffering -suddenly go from being silent to being very loud \ No newline at end of file +Here "you" refers to the barren woman and is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/28.md b/gal/04/28.md index 7cebbc68e8..c6236d4c0d 100644 --- a/gal/04/28.md +++ b/gal/04/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## according to the flesh ## +# brothers -"by means of human action" or "because of what people did." This refers to Abraham becoming Ishmael's father by taking Hagar as a wife. +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/01.md). -## according to the Spirit ## +# children of promise + +Possible meanings are that the Galatians have become God's children 1) by believing God's promise or 2) because God worked miracles to fulfill his promises to Abraham, first by giving Abraham a son and then by making the Galatians children of Abraham and thus sons of God. + +# according to the flesh + +This refers to Abraham's becoming Ishmael's father by taking Hagar as a wife. AT: "by means of human action" or "because of what people did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# according to the Spirit "because of something the Spirit did" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/30.md b/gal/04/30.md index e00064a455..a5e957173b 100644 --- a/gal/04/30.md +++ b/gal/04/30.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -(There are no notes for these verses.) \ No newline at end of file +# brothers + +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/01.md). + +# but of the free woman + +The words "we are children" are understood from the previous phrase. This can be translated as a separate sentence. AT: "Rather, we are children of the free woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/04/intro.md b/gal/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89a529b2e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/gal/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Galatians 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:27, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sonship ##### +This is a complex issue discussed in this chapter. Scholars have many views on the issue of Israel's sonship. Not all of Abraham's physical descendants inherit the promises of Abraham. Only the children of Abraham, through his sons Isaac and Jacob, can inherit those promises and only those who follow him spiritually. It is through their faith that they become adopted into the family as sons with an inheritance ("children of promise"). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Abba ##### +This is a word in Aramaic. Paul does not "translate" this word into Greek but chooses to "transliterate" it by transferring it into Greek, using Greek letters instead of Aramaic letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this word either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this without translating its meaning. It was an informal way to refer to a person's father in ancient Israel. +## Links: ## + +* __[Galatians 4:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/01.md b/gal/05/01.md index 75497b29d1..8e58934e75 100644 --- a/gal/05/01.md +++ b/gal/05/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## It is for freedom ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul applies the allegory by reminding the believers to use their liberty in Christ because all the law is fulfilled in loving neighbors as ourselves. + +# For freedom The translation needs to emphasize "freedom" in contrast with the slavery talked about in the previous verses. -## for ## +# For freedom Christ has set us free -"to provide us with" +"It is so that we can be free that Christ has set us free" -## stand firm ## +# Stand firm -"stay where you are," even though people are trying to force you to move +Standing firm here represents being determined not to change. How they are not to change can be stated clearly. AT: "Do not give in to the arguments of people who teach something else" or "Be determined to stay free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## if you become circumcised ## +# if you let yourselves be circumcised -"if you return to the Jewish religion." Paul is using circumcision as metonymy for Judaism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul is using circumcision as a metonym for Judaism. AT: "if you turn to the Jewish religion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/03.md b/gal/05/03.md index 606b4b87ae..2cb1eccab0 100644 --- a/gal/05/03.md +++ b/gal/05/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## testify ## +# testify "declare" or "serve as a witness" -## to every man who is circumcised ## +# to every man who lets himself be circumcised -"to every person who has become a Jew." Paul is using circumcision as a mmetonym for being Jewish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Paul is using circumcision as a metonym for being Jewish. AT: "to every person who has become a Jew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## obliged ## +# obligated "bound" or "constrained" or "enslaved" -## to do ## - -"to obey" - -## You are alienated from Christ ## +# You are cut off from Christ "You have ended your relationship with Christ" -## seek to be justified by the law ## +# you who would be justified by the law -"look for ways to have God declare you good by obeying the law." The law is metonymy for Judaism. +Paul is speaking ironically here. He actually teaches that no Jew can be justified by trying to do the deeds required by the law. AT: "all you who think you can be justified by doing the deeds required by the law" or "you who want to be justified by the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## you have fallen away from grace ## +# you no longer experience grace -Paul is comparing a person who decides that he does not need or want the grace of Christ to someone who falls from a good high place to a bad lower place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Who that grace comes from can be stated clearly. AT: "God will not be gracious to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/05.md b/gal/05/05.md index 0603c1567d..d5716d306f 100644 --- a/gal/05/05.md +++ b/gal/05/05.md @@ -1,39 +1,43 @@ -## For ## +# General Information: -"This is because." This verse gives the reason for "you are alienated from Christ … you have fallen away from grace" in verse 4. +Here the word "we" refers to Paul and those who oppose the circumcision of Christians. He is probably including the Galatians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## by faith we are waiting for the confidence of righteousness ## +# For -This can mean 1) "we are waiting by faith for the confidence of righteousness" or 2) "we are waiting for the confidence of righteousness that comes by faith" +"This is because" -## we ## +# by faith, we eagerly wait for the certain hope of righteousness -This refers to Paul and those who oppose the circumcision of Christians. He is probably including the Galatians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "we are waiting by faith for the certain hope of righteousness" or 2) "we are waiting for the certain hope of righteousness that comes by faith." -## are waiting ## +# we eagerly wait for the certain hope of righteousness -expectantly, excitedly, patiently +"we are waiting patiently and with excitement for God to put us right with himself forever, and we expect him to do it" -## confidence of righteousness ## +# neither circumcision nor uncircumcision -"we are confident that God will declare us righteous" +These are metonymy for being a Jew or a non-Jew. AT: "neither being a Jew nor not being a Jew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## neither circumcision nor uncircumcision ## +# but only faith working through love -metonymy for being a Jew or a non-Jew (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Rather, God is concerned with our faith in him, which we show by loving others" -## but instead only faith working through love ## +# means anything -"but instead of that, God is concerned with our faith in God, which is demonstrated by loving others" +is worthwhile -## You were running ## +# You were running "You were practicing what Jesus taught" -## The persuasion to do that is not from him who calls you ## +# This persuasion does not come from him who calls you -"The one who persuades you to do that is not God, the one who calls you" to be his people +"The one who persuades you to do that is not God, the one who calls you" -## persuasion ## +# him who calls you -To persuade someone is to get that person to change what he believes to be true and so to act differently. \ No newline at end of file +What he calls them to can be stated clearly. AT: "the one who calls you to be his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# persuasion + +To persuade someone is to get that person to change what he believes and so to act differently. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/09.md b/gal/05/09.md index 0b5d2b44cf..7bea093028 100644 --- a/gal/05/09.md +++ b/gal/05/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## I have confidence in you in the Lord ## +# you will take no other view -"I have confidence in you because God will help you" +"you will not believe anything different from what I am telling you" -## you will not think in any other way ## +# The one who is troubling you will pay the penalty -AT: "you will not think anything other than what I am telling you." +"God will punish the one who is troubling you" -## think ## +# is troubling you -"believe" +"is causing you to be uncertain about what is truth" or "stirs up trouble among you" -## he who confuses you will bear his own judgment, whoever he is ## +# whoever he is -"I do not know who is confusing you, but God will punish that person" - -## confuses you ## - -"causes you to be uncertain about what is truth" (see UDB) or "stirs up trouble among you" - -## will bear his own judgment ## - -"will be punished by God" - -## whoever he is ## - -This can mean 1) Paul does not know the names of the people who are telling the Galatians that they need to obey the Law of Moses or 2) Paul does not want the Galatians to care about whether those who "confuse" them are rich or poor or great or small or religious or not religious. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Paul does not know the names of the people who are telling the Galatians that they need to obey the law of Moses or 2) Paul does not want the Galatians to care about whether those who "confuse" them are rich or poor or great or small or religious or not religious. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/11.md b/gal/05/11.md index 300681cfa7..97646b8ac8 100644 --- a/gal/05/11.md +++ b/gal/05/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Brothers, if I still proclaim circumcision, why am I still persecuted ## +# Brothers, if I still proclaim circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? -"But as for me, brothers, if I still taught that men must be circumcised to be saved, they would no longer be persecuting me." Paul is strongly claiming that he ("as for me"), unlike those he mentions in the previous verses, is not telling the Galatians to become circumcised. +Paul is describing a situation that does not exist to emphasize that people are persecuting him because he is not preaching that people need to become Jews. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Brothers, you can see that I am not still proclaiming circumcision because the Jews are persecuting me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## Brothers ## +# Brothers -"Brothers and sisters." If your language has a word that includes males and females, use it here. +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/01.md). -## Then the stumbling block of the cross would be destroyed ## +# In that case the stumbling block of the cross has been removed -This can be stated in active form: "Then circumcision would destroy the stumbling block of the cross." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Paul is describing a situation that does not exist to emphasize that people persecute him because he is preaching that God forgives people because of Jesus' work on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## the stumbling block of the cross ## +# In that case -This metaphor states that the message about the cross prevents some people from believing just as a stumbling block can prevent a person from successfully walking down a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"If I were still saying that people need to become Jews" -## you ## +# the stumbling block of the cross has been removed -plural +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the teaching about the cross has no stumbling block" or "there is nothing in the teaching of the cross that would cause people to stumble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## castrate themselves ## +# the stumbling block of the cross has been removed -This can mean 1) physically cutting their male organs so as to become eunuchs or 2) spiritually cutting themselves off from God's people. \ No newline at end of file +Stumbling represents sinning, and a stumbling block represents something that causes people to sin. In this case the sin is to reject the truth of the teaching that in order to be made right with God, people only need to believe that Jesus died on the cross for us. AT: "the teaching about the cross that causes people to reject the truth has been removed" or "there is nothing in the teaching about Jesus dying on the cross that would lead people to reject the teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# castrate themselves + +Possible meanings are 1) literal, to cut off their male organs so as to become eunuchs or 2) metaphorical, completely withdraw from the Christian community. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/13.md b/gal/05/13.md index 27d986102b..98cbeb8ddf 100644 --- a/gal/05/13.md +++ b/gal/05/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## For ## +# For -Paul is giving the reason for his words in [Galatians 5:11](./11.md). +Paul is giving the reason for his words in [Galatians 5:12](./11.md). -## God called you … to freedom ## +# you were called to freedom -This can mean 1) "God chose you to be his people so that you(plural) can be free" or 2) "God commanded you to be free" +This can be expressed in an active form. AT: "God has called you to freedom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## brothers ## +# you were called to freedom -"brothers and sisters" +Possible meanings are 1) "God has chosen you to be his people so that you can be free" or 2) "God has commanded you to be free" -## Only ## +# brothers -or "But." Paul is saying that freedom does not include "an opportunity for the flesh." +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/01.md). -## an opportunity for the flesh ## +# an opportunity for the sinful nature -"a chance to do what pleases your(plural) sinful natures," specifically things that harm one's self or neighbors +The relationship between the opportunity and the sinful nature can be stated more clearly. AT: "an opportunity for you to behave according to your sinful nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the whole law stands fulfilled in one commandment, in this ## +# the whole law is fulfilled in one command -This can mean 1) "you can put the whole law into just one commandment, which is this" or 2) "by obeying one commandment, you obey all the commandments, and that one commandment is this." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "you can state the whole law in just one commandment, which is this" or 2) "by obeying one commandment, you obey all the commandments, and that one commandment is this." + +# You must love your neighbor as yourself + +The words "you," "your," and "yourself" are all singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/16.md b/gal/05/16.md index 6aca80ea8d..b699214aa7 100644 --- a/gal/05/16.md +++ b/gal/05/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## you ## +# Connecting Statement: -plural +Paul explains how the Spirit gives control over sin. -## walk by the Spirit ## +# walk by the Spirit -Walking is a metaphor for living. This can be translated "conduct your life in the power of the Holy Spirit" or "live your life in dependence on the Spirit." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Walking is a metaphor for living. AT: "conduct your life in the power of the Holy Spirit" or "live your life in dependence on the Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you will not fulfill the lust of the flesh ## +# you will not carry out the desires of the sinful nature -"you will not fulfill the desire of your human nature to commit sin" +The phrase "carry out someone's desires" is an idiom meaning "do what someone desires." AT: "You will not do what your sinful nature desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## not under the law ## +# the desires of the sinful nature + +The sinful nature is spoken of as if it were a person and wanted to sin. AT: "what you want to do because of your sinful nature" or "the things you want to do because you are sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# not under the law "not obligated to obey the law of Moses" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/19.md b/gal/05/19.md index a50cb1c0ab..a8085dc90b 100644 --- a/gal/05/19.md +++ b/gal/05/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## works of the flesh ## +# the works of the sinful nature -"things done as a result of evil human nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The abstract noun "works" can be translated with the verb "does." AT: "what the sinful nature does" -## those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God ## +# the works of the sinful nature -"God will not reward people who act this way" or "God will not reward people who do these things consistently" \ No newline at end of file +The sinful nature is spoken of as if it were a person who does things. AT: "what people do because of their sinful nature" or "the things people do because they are sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# inherit + +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/22.md b/gal/05/22.md index f54e271bbe..ee3f45bb86 100644 --- a/gal/05/22.md +++ b/gal/05/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## fruit of the Spirit ## +# the fruit of the Spirit is love ... self-control + +Paul uses fruit as a metaphor for what people can see in other people. AT: "people whom the Spirit controls will display love ... self-control like a tree produces fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fruit of the Spirit "what the Spirit produces" -## The law is not against such things ## +# have crucified the sinful nature with its passions and desires -This can mean 1) "the Law of Moses does not forbid things like this" or 2) "there is no law against thinking and acting like this" (see UDB). +Paul speaks of Christians who refuse to live according to their sinful nature as if it were a person and they have killed it on a cross. AT: "refuse to live according the sinful nature with its passions and desires, as if they killed it on a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## have crucified the flesh with its passions and evil desires ## +# the sinful nature with its passions and desires -"have killed our earthly nature with its lusts and evil desires as if we nailed it to a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The sinful nature is spoken of as if it were a person that had passions and desires. AT: "their sinful nature, and the things they strongly want to do because of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/25.md b/gal/05/25.md index da1a7808ad..561948e044 100644 --- a/gal/05/25.md +++ b/gal/05/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## If we live by the Spirit ## +# If we live by the Spirit -"If we are alive by the Spirit" or "Since God's Spirit caused us to be alive" +"Since God's Spirit has caused us to be alive" -## walk ## +# walk by the Spirit -This word refers to an army marching side by side and is a metaphor for practicing in community what Jesus taught (UDB; see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +"Walk" is a metaphor for living every day. AT: "allow the Holy Spirit to guide us so we do things that please and honor God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## let us ## +# Let us -"we should" \ No newline at end of file +"We should" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/05/intro.md b/gal/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1b16aa22d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/gal/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Galatians 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Paul continues talking about the law of Moses as something which traps or enslaves a person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fruit of the Spirit ##### +Many scholars have observed that the phrase "the fruit of the Spirit" is singular and not plural, even though it begins a list of several things. The singular form should remain in translation in a singular form if possible. Do not translate: "the fruits of the spirit are" in attempt to force agreement. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fruit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Illustrations ##### +Paul uses several metaphors to illustrate his points. Running a race and yeast are two metaphors he uses in this chapter to help explain complicated issues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Flesh ##### + +This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful and it appears that Paul is teaching that while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort, but his new nature will be fighting against his old nature. Flesh is used in this chapter to contrast with that which is spiritual. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) + +##### "You are separated from Christ, all you who are "justified" by the law. You have fallen away from grace." ##### +Some scholars believe Paul teaches that this type of action causes a person to lose their salvation. It is more probable that Paul is saying these people have walked away from grace as a rule, and have exchanged it for the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) + +The authors of the ULB have also chosen to place "justified" in quotation marks to indicate that this is a hypothetical situation and that no one is able to be justified by the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Galatians 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/06/01.md b/gal/06/01.md index c226cd5dfa..dd1854f65d 100644 --- a/gal/06/01.md +++ b/gal/06/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## if a man ## +# Connecting Statement: -"if someone" or "if anyone among you(plural)" +Paul teaches believers how they should treat other believers and how God rewards. -## is caught in some transgression ## +# Brothers -This can mean that 1) someone found that person in the act, "is discovered in an act of sin," or 2) that person committed the sin without intending to do evil, "gave in and sinned." +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/01.md). -## you who are spiritual ## +# if someone -"those of you(plural) who are guided by the Spirit" or "you(plural) who are living in the guidance of the Spirit" +"if anyone among you" -## restore that person ## +# if someone is caught in any trespass -"correct the person who sinned" or "exhort the person who sinned to return to the correct path" or to a correct relationship with God +Possible meanings are 1) someone else found that person in the act. AT: "if someone is discovered in an act of sin" or 2) that person committed the sin without intending to do evil. AT: "if someone gave in and sinned" -## in a spirit of gentleness ## +# you who are spiritual -This can mean that the Spirit is directing the one offering correction (see UDB) or 2) "with an attitude of gentleness" or "in a kind way." +"those of you who are guided by the Spirit" or "you who are living in the guidance of the Spirit" -## Look out for yourself … you may not be tempted ## +# restore him -These words treat the Galatians as though they are all one person to emphasize that he is talking to each of them. AT: "yourselves … you(plural)" (see UDB) or "I say to each one of you, 'Look out for yourself ….'" +"correct the person who sinned" or "exhort the person who sinned to return to a correct relationship with God" -## so you may not be tempted ## +# in a spirit of gentleness -"for fear that you should be tempted to sin too" or "in order that you should not be tempted to sin." If you need to use active voice, it would be best not to mention "Satan" or "the devil," since they are not mentioned anywhere in this letter. AT: "so that the tempter does not tempt you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) that the Spirit is directing the one who is offering correction or 2) "with an attitude of gentleness" or "in a kind way." + +# Be concerned about yourself + +These words treat the Galatians as though they are all one person to emphasize that he is talking to each of them. AT: "Be concerned about yourselves" or "I say to each one of you, 'Be concerned about yourself'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# so you also may not be tempted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that nothing will tempt you also to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/06/03.md b/gal/06/03.md index 7b12aacce3..796029a062 100644 --- a/gal/06/03.md +++ b/gal/06/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## For ## +# For -"Because." This indicates that the words that follow are why the Galatians should 1) "carry one other's burdens" ([Galatians 6:1](./01.md)) or 2) be careful that they themselves are not tempted ([Galatians 6:1](./01.md)) or 3) "not become conceited" ([Galatians 5:1](../05/01.md)). +"Because." This indicates that the words that follow are why the Galatians should 1) "carry one other's burdens" ([Galatians 6:2](./01.md)) or 2) be careful that they themselves are not tempted ([Galatians 6:1](./01.md)) or 3) "not become conceited" ([Galatians 5:26](../05/01.md)). -## he is something ## +# he is something "he is someone important" or "he is better than others" -## he is nothing ## +# he is nothing "he is not important" or "he is not better than others" -## Each one should ## +# Each one should -"each person must" +"Each person must" -## each one will carry his own load ## +# each one will carry his own load "each person will be judged by his own work only" or "each person will be responsible for his own work only" -## each one will ## +# each one will "each person will" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/06/06.md b/gal/06/06.md index f18eb9556f..a4f7cdb984 100644 --- a/gal/06/06.md +++ b/gal/06/06.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## The one ## +# The one "The person" -## plants ## +# word -This metaphor refers to the things a person does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here this means everything God has said or commanded, as in "the word of God" or "the word of truth." -## harvest ## +# for whatever a man plants, that he will also gather in -This metaphor refers to what will happen to someone as a result of what he or she did. +Planting represents doing things that end in some kind of result, and gathering in represents experiencing the results of what one has done. AT: "for just as a farmer gathers in the fruit of whatever kind of seeds he plants, so everyone experiences the results of whatever he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## man ... his ## +# whatever a man plants -"person ... that person." Paul is not specifying males here. +Paul is not specifying males here. AT: "whatever a person plants" or "whatever someone plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## plants to his own flesh ## +# plants seed to his own sinful nature -"does the things his sinful nature wants to do" +Planting seeds is a metaphor for doing deeds that will have consequences later. In this case, the person is doing sinful actions because of his sinful nature. AT: "plants seed according to what he wants because of his sinful nature" or "does the things he wants to do because of his sinful nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## harvest corruption out of his flesh ## +# will gather in destruction -"receive punishment for what his sinful flesh did" +God punishing the person is spoken of as if the person were harvesting a crop. AT: "will receive punishment for what he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## plants to the Spirit ## +# plants seed to the Spirit -"does the things God's Spirit loves" +Planting seeds is a metaphor for doing deeds that will have consequences later. In this case, the person is doing good actions because he is listening to God's Spirit. AT: "does the things God's Spirit loves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## out of the Spirit harvest eternal life ## +# will gather in eternal life from the Spirit -"receive eternal life as a reward from God's Spirit" \ No newline at end of file +"will receive eternal life as a reward from God's Spirit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/06/09.md b/gal/06/09.md index 8b87cca5dc..bdd851545d 100644 --- a/gal/06/09.md +++ b/gal/06/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## We should not become weary of ## +# Let us not become weary in doing good -AT: "We should continue" +"We should continue to do good" -## doing good ## +# doing good -doing good to others for their well being +doing good to others for their well-being -## for at the right time ## +# for at the right time -"for in due time" or "because, at the time God has chosen" +"for in due time" or "because at the time God has chosen" -## So then ## +# So then -"As a result of this" or "Because of this"​ +"As a result of this" or "Because of this" -## as we have opportunity ## +# especially ... to those -This can mean 1) every time there is an opportunity (see UDB) or 2) "at every opportunity." +"most of all ... to those" or "in particular ... to those" -## especially to those ## +# those who belong to the household of faith -"most of all to those" or "in particular to those" - -## of the household of faith ## - -"who are members of God's family through faith in Christ" \ No newline at end of file +"those who are members of God's family through faith in Christ" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/06/11.md b/gal/06/11.md index 4c57dbc35a..89e3120e67 100644 --- a/gal/06/11.md +++ b/gal/06/11.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## large letters ## +# Connecting Statement: + +As Paul closes this letter, he gives one more reminder that the law does not save and that they should remember the cross of Christ. + +# large letters This can mean that Paul wants to emphasize 1) the statements that follow or 2) that this letter came from him. -## in my own handwriting ## +# with my own hand -This can mean 1) Paul probably had a helper who wrote most of this letter as Paul told him what to write, but Paul himself wrote this last part of the letter or 2) Paul wrote the whole letter himself. +Possible meanings are 1) Paul probably had a helper who wrote most of this letter as Paul told him what to write, but Paul himself wrote this last part of the letter or 2) Paul wrote the whole letter himself. -## make a good impression ## +# make a good impression "cause others to think well of them" or "cause others to think that they are good people" -## in the flesh ## +# in the flesh "with visible evidence" or "by their own efforts" -## compel ## +# compel "force" or "strongly influence" -## so that they may not be persecuted for the cross of Christ ## +# only to avoid being persecuted for the cross of Christ -"so that the Jews will not persecute them for claiming that the cross alone is what saves" +"so that the Jews will not persecute them for claiming that the cross of Christ alone is what saves people" -## the cross ## +# the cross -"the work Jesus did on the cross" or "the death and resurrection of Jesus." The physical cross is not meant here. +The cross here represents what Christ did for us when he died on the cross. AT: "the work Jesus did on the cross" or "the death and resurrection of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## they want ## +# they want "those people who are urging you to be circumcised want" -## that they may boast ## +# so that they may boast about your flesh -"so those who are urging you to be circumcised will have reason to boast" \ No newline at end of file +"so that they may be proud that they have added you to the people who try to keep the law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/06/14.md b/gal/06/14.md index 9e0c4e3e30..ccf0ef393f 100644 --- a/gal/06/14.md +++ b/gal/06/14.md @@ -1,39 +1,31 @@ -## May it never be that I be proud except of the cross ## +# But may I never boast except in the cross -"May I only ever be proud of the cross" +"I do not ever want to boast in anything other than the cross" or "May I boast only in the cross" -## May it never be ## +# the world has been crucified to me -"I would never want that to happen!" or "May God help me not to do that!" This expression shows Paul's extremely strong desire that this not take place. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I think of the world as already dead" or "I treat the world like a criminal God has killed on a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## through whom ## +# I to the world -This can refer to 1) Christ or 2) the cross, "through which." +The words "have been crucified" are understood from the phrase before this. AT: "and I have been crucified to the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## the world has been crucified to me ## +# I to the world -"I think of the world as already dead" or "I treat the world like a criminal God has killed on a cross" +Possible meanings are 1) "the world thinks of me as already dead" or 2) "the world treats me like a criminal that God has killed on the cross" -## I to the world ## +# the world -"the world thinks of me as already dead" or "the world treats me like a criminal God has killed on the cross" +Possible meanings are 1) the people of the world, those who care nothing for God or 2) the things that those who care nothing for God think are important. -## the world ## +# counts for anything -This can mean 1) the people of the world, those who care nothing for God or 2) the things those who care nothing for God think are important. +"is important to God" -## is anything ## +# a new creation -"is important" to God +Possible meanings are 1) a new believer in Jesus Christ or 2) the new life of a believer. -## a new creation ## +# peace and mercy be upon them, even upon the Israel of God -This can mean 1) a new believer in Jesus Christ or 2) new life in a believer. - -## as many as ## - -"all who" - -## may peace and mercy be upon them, and upon the Israel of God ## - -This can mean 1) that believers in general are the Israel of God (see UDB) or 2) "may peace and mercy be upon Gentile believers and peace and mercy be upon the Israel of God" or 3) "may peace be upon those who follow the rule, and may mercy be upon even the Israel of God." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) that believers in general are the Israel of God or 2) "may peace and mercy be upon Gentile believers and upon the Israel of God" or 3) "may peace be upon those who follow the rule, and may mercy be upon even the Israel of God." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/06/17.md b/gal/06/17.md index eb455f9d9d..118f47e1be 100644 --- a/gal/06/17.md +++ b/gal/06/17.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## From now on ## +# From now on This can also mean "Lastly" or "As I end this letter." -## let no one trouble me ## +# let no one trouble me -This can mean 1) Paul is commanding the Galatians not to trouble him, "I am commanding you this: do not trouble me," or 2) Paul is telling the Galatians that he is commanding all people not to trouble him, "I am commanding everyone this: do not trouble me," or 3) Paul is expressing a desire, "I do not want anyone to trouble me." +Possible meanings are 1) Paul is commanding the Galatians not to trouble him, "I am commanding you this: do not trouble me," or 2) Paul is telling the Galatians that he is commanding all people not to trouble him, "I am commanding everyone this: do not trouble me," or 3) Paul is expressing a desire, "I do not want anyone to trouble me." -## trouble me ## +# trouble me -This can mean 1) "speak of these matters to me" (UDB) or 2) "cause me hardship" or "give me hard work." +Possible meanings are 1) "speak of these matters to me" or 2) "cause me hardship" or "give me hard work." -## for I carry the marks of Jesus on my body ## +# for I carry on my body the marks of Jesus -"I have the healed wounds in my body because of my service to Jesus" or "I still have the mark of the healed wound in my body because I belong to Jesus" +These marks were scars from people who beat and whipped Paul because they did not like him teaching about Jesus. AT: "for the scars on my body show that I serve Jesus" -## marks ## +# May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit -These could be 1) scars from wounds suffered by a soldier in battle or by a servant in dangerous work or 2) brands that mark a slave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"I pray that the Lord Jesus will be kind to your spirit" -## May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit ## +# brothers -"I pray this that the Lord Jesus will be kind to your spirit" - -## brothers ## - -"brothers and sisters" or "fellow members of God's family" \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/06/intro.md b/gal/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d9a0be4428 --- /dev/null +++ b/gal/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Galatians 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Overall, this chapter serves as a conclusion to Paul's letter. It contains some concluding thoughts, which may not be as connected to the rest of the material contained in the letter. There are also some other issues that Paul wished to address in the church in Galatia. + +##### Brothers ##### +This chapter is addressed to Christians and this should be seen as a reference to Paul's Christian brothers and not his Jewish brothers. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### New Creation ##### + +This is a concept related to being born again. Those who are born again are said to be a new creation in Christ. To Paul, this is more significant than a person's ancestry. It also is related to the idea that the Christian has been given new life in Christ, and has a new nature in them after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bornagain]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Flesh ##### + +This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is still a subject used in distinction to the "spirit." The person of the flesh is controlled by their sinful desires while the spiritual is controlled by the Spirit. Flesh is also used to refer to the physical body in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Galatians 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/front/intro.md b/gal/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..50eaaf7a43 --- /dev/null +++ b/gal/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +# Introduction to Galatians # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Galatians #### + +1. Paul declares his authority as an apostle of Jesus Christ; he says that he is surprised by the false teachings that the Christians in Galatia have accepted from other people (1:1-10). +1. Paul says that people are saved by trusting in Christ alone, not by keeping the law (1:11-2:21). +1. God puts people right with himself only when they trust in Christ; the example of Abraham; the curse which the law brings (and not a means of salvation); slavery and freedom compared and illustrated by Hagar and Sarah (3:1-4:31). +1. When people are joined to Christ, they become free from having to keep the law of Moses. They are also free to live as the Holy Spirit guides them. They are free to refuse the demands of sin. They are free to bear each other's burdens (5:1-6:10). +1. Paul warns the Christians not to trust in being circumcised and in keeping the law of Moses. Instead, they must trust in Christ (6:11-18). + +#### What is the Book of Galatians about? #### + +Paul wrote this letter to both Jewish and non-Jewish Christians in the region of Galatia. He wanted to write against the false teaching that said that Christians need to follow the law of Moses. Paul defended the gospel by explaining that salvation is through faith in Jesus Christ. It is a result of the kindness of God and not a result of people doing good works. Any attempt to please God by obeying the law of Moses will bring condemnation by God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Galatians," or "Paul's Letter to the Church in Galatia." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What does it mean to "live like Jews" (2:14)? #### + +To "live like Jews" means to follow the law of Moses, even though one trusts in Christ. The people among the early Christians who taught that this was necessary were called "Judaizers." + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How does Paul use the terms "law" and "grace" in the Book of Galatians? #### + +These terms are used in a relatively unique way in Galatians. There is an important teaching in Galatians about Christian living. Under the law of Moses, righteous or holy living required a person to follow a set of rules and regulations. As Christians, holy living is now motivated by grace. This means that Christians have freedom in Christ and are not required to follow a specific set of rules. Instead, Christians are to live a holy life out of thankfulness for the grace God has shown. This is called "the law of Christ." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +This kind of expression occurs in 1:22; 2:4, 17; 3:14, 26, 28; 5:6, 10. Paul means in general to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. At the same time, he often intends to signal other kinds of relationships. See, for example, "when we seek for God to justify us in Christ" (2:17), where Paul speaks of justification by means of Christ. + +Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Galatians? #### + +The following passage is the most significant textual issue in the Book of Galatians: + +* "Foolish Galatians, whose evil eye has harmed you? Was not Jesus Christ depicted as crucified before your eyes?" (3:1) The ULB, UDB, and the other modern versions have this reading. However, the King James version adds, "[so] that ye should not obey the truth." Translators are advised not to include this expression, because it was probably not original to the Book of Galatians. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/01.md b/gen/01/01.md index b42933fd79..2e0d366113 100644 --- a/gen/01/01.md +++ b/gen/01/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## In the beginning God created… ## +# In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth -This introductory statement gives a summary of the rest of the chapter. It can be translated as "This is about how God made the heavens and the earth in the beginning." Some languages translate it as "A very long time ago God created…." Translate it in a way that that shows that this actually happened and is not just a folk story. +"This is about how God made the heavens and the earth in the beginning." This statement summarizes the rest of the chapter. Some languages translate it as "A very long time ago God created the heavens and the earth." Translate it in a way that shows this actually happened and is not just a folk story. -## In the beginning ## +# In the beginning This refers to the start of the world and everything in it. -## the heavens and the earth ## +# the heavens and the earth -This can also be translated as "the sky, the ground, and everything in them." +"the sky, the ground, and everything in them" -## heavens ## +# heavens This refers here to the sky. -## without form and empty ## +# without form and empty -The world was in chaos. God had not yet formed everything and put it in order. +God had not yet put the world in order. -## the deep ## +# the deep -This can be translated as "the water" or "the deep water" (UDB) or "the vast water." +"the water" or "the deep water" or "the vast water" -## waters ## +# the waters -This can be translated as "water" or "deep water" or "vast water." \ No newline at end of file +"the water" or "the surface of the water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/03.md b/gen/01/03.md index 5b3a180c29..a429da1c4e 100644 --- a/gen/01/03.md +++ b/gen/01/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Let there be light ## +# Let there be light -This is a command. God commanded that the light should exist. +This is a command. By commanding that light should exist, God made it exist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## God saw the light, that it was good ## +# God saw the light, that it was good -This can be translated as "God considered the light and was pleased with it." "Good" here means "pleasing" or "suitable." +"God considered the light and was pleased with it." "Good" here means "pleasing" or "suitable." -## divided the light from the darkness ## +# divided the light from the darkness -This refers to God creating the daytime and the night time. It can be translated as "separated the light and the darkness" or "made it light in one place and dark in the another." +"separated the light and the darkness" or "made it light at one time and dark at another." This refers to God creating the daytime and the night time. -## This was evening and morning, the first day ## +# This was evening and morning, the first day -God did these things on the first day of the universe. +God did these things on the first day that the universe existed. -## evening and morning ## +# evening and morning -This refers to the whole day. Two parts of the day are used to refer to the whole day. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/06.md b/gen/01/06.md index 8c9d872765..3060e339b2 100644 --- a/gen/01/06.md +++ b/gen/01/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## expanse ## +# Let there be an expanse ... let it divide + +These are commands. By commanding that the expanse should exist and that it divide the waters, God made it exist and divide the waters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# expanse "large empty space." The Jewish people thought of this space as being shaped like the inside of dome or the inside of a bowl that is turned upside down. -## between the waters ## +# between the waters -This can be translated as "in the water." +"in the water" -## God made the expanse and divided the waters ## +# God made the expanse and divided the waters -This can be translated as "In this way God made the expanse and divided the waters." When God spoke, it happened. This sentence explains what God did when he spoke. +"In this way God made the expanse and divided the waters." When God spoke, it happened. This sentence explains what God did when he spoke. -## It was so ## +# It was so -What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. It can be translated as "It happened like that" or "That is what happened." +"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears. -## This was evening and morning ## +# evening and morning -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:3](./03.md). +This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## the second day ## +# the second day -See how you translated "the first day" in [Genesis 1:3](./03.md) and decide if this should be translated in the same way. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the second day that the universe existed. See how you translated "the first day" in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/09.md b/gen/01/09.md index 9b69926cd9..2562830bfd 100644 --- a/gen/01/09.md +++ b/gen/01/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Let the waters…be gathered ## +# Let the waters ... be gathered -This can be translated with an active verb: "Let the waters…gather" or "Let the water…come together" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated with an active verb. This is a command. By commanding that the waters gather together, God made them gather together. AT: "Let the waters ... gather" or "Let the waters ... come together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## let the dry land appear ## +# let the dry land appear -This can be translated as "let dry land become visible" or "let the dry land become clear" or "let the land be uncovered." The water had covered the land. Now the water would move aside and some of the land would be uncovered. +The water had covered the land. Now the water would move aside and some of the land would be uncovered. This is a command. By commanding that dry land should appear, God made it appear. AT: "let dry land become visible" or "let the dry land become clear" or "let the land be uncovered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## dry land ## +# dry land This refers to land that is not covered with water. It does not refer to land that is too dry for farming. -## It was so ## +# It was so -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:6](./06.md). +"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears. See how you translated it in [Genesis 1:7](./06.md). -## earth ## +# earth "land" or "ground" -## He saw that it was good ## +# He saw that it was good -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:3](./03.md). Here "it" refers to the land and the sea. \ No newline at end of file +Here "it" refers to the land and the sea. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/11.md b/gen/01/11.md index 7867b7f29c..eb4ccd2208 100644 --- a/gen/01/11.md +++ b/gen/01/11.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## Let the earth sprout vegetation ## +# Let the earth sprout vegetation -This can be translated as "Let vegetation sprout up on the earth" or "Let vegetation grow on the earth." +This is a command. By commanding that vegetation should sprout on the earth, God made it sprout. AT: "Let vegetation sprout up on the earth" or "Let vegetation grow on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## vegetation, plants yielding seed and fruit trees bearing fruit ## +# vegetation: plants yielding seed and fruit trees bearing fruit -"vegetation" is used here as a general term that includes all plants and trees. This can be translated as "vegetation, each plant that bears seed and each tree that bears fruit" or "vegetation. Let them be plants that produce seeds and fruit trees that produce fruit." +"vegetation, each plant that bears seed and each tree that bears fruit" or "vegetation. Let them be plants that produce seeds and fruit trees that produce fruit." Here "vegetation" is used here as a general term that includes all plants and trees. -## plants ## +# plants These are kinds of vegetation that have soft stems, rather than woody stems. -## fruit trees bearing fruit whose seed is in the fruit ## +# fruit trees bearing fruit whose seed is in the fruit -This can also be translated as "trees that bear fruit with seeds in them." +"trees that bear fruit with seeds in them" -## each according to its own kind ## +# each according to its own kind -The seeds would produce plants and trees that would be like the ones they came from. In this way, the plants and trees would "reproduce themselves" (UDB). +The seeds would produce plants and trees that would be like the ones they came from. In this way, the plants and trees would "reproduce themselves" . -## It was so ## +# It was so -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:6](./06.md). +"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:7](./06.md). -## God saw that it was good ## +# God saw that it was good -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:9](./09.md). +Here "it" refers to the vegetation, plants, and trees. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:10](./09.md). -## This was evening and morning ## +# evening and morning -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:3](./03.md). +This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## the third day ## +# the third day -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the third day that the universe existed. See how you translated "the first day" in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/14.md b/gen/01/14.md index 75131931f1..73e3833813 100644 --- a/gen/01/14.md +++ b/gen/01/14.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## lights in the sky ## +# Let there be lights in the sky -This refers to the sun, moon, and stars. It can be translated as "things that shine in the sky" or "things that give light in the sky." +This is a command. By commanding that lights should exist, God made them exist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## in the sky ## +# lights in the sky + +"things that shine in the sky" or "things that give light in the sky." This refers to the sun, moon, and stars. + +# in the sky "in the expanse of the sky" or "in the large space of the sky" -## to divide the day from the night ## +# to divide the day from the night -"to separate the day from the night." This means "to help us tell the difference between day from night." The sun means it is daytime, and the moon and stars mean it is nighttime. +"to separate the day from the night." This means "to help us tell the difference between day and night." The sun means it is daytime, and the moon and stars mean it is nighttime. -## let them be as signs ## +# let them be as signs -"Let them serve as signs" or "let them show" +This is a command. By commanding that they should serve as signs, God made them serve as signs. AT: "Let them serve as signs" or "let them show" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## seasons ## +# signs + +Here this means something that reveals or points to something. + +# seasons "Seasons" refers to times that are set aside for festivals and other things that people do. -## for seasons, for days and years ## +# for seasons, for days and years The sun, moon, and stars show the passing of time. This enables us to know when it is time for events that happen each week, month, or year. -## to give light upon the earth ## +# Let them be lights in the sky to give light upon the earth + +This is a command. By commanding that they should light the earth, God made them light the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# to give light upon the earth "to shine light on the earth" or "to brighten the earth." The earth does not self-shine but it is lit and so reflects light. -## It was so ## +# It was so -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file +"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:7](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/16.md b/gen/01/16.md index b2ee2d548a..519b0d79dd 100644 --- a/gen/01/16.md +++ b/gen/01/16.md @@ -1,39 +1,39 @@ -## God made the two great lights ## +# God made the two great lights -This can be translated as "In this way God made the two great lights." This sentence explains what God did when he spoke. +"In this way God made the two great lights." This sentence explains what God did when he spoke. -## the two great lights ## +# the two great lights "the two large lights" or "the two bright lights." The two great lights are the sun and the moon. -## to rule the day ## +# to rule the day -This can be translated as "to direct the daytime as a ruler directs a group of people" or "to mark the times of the day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The lights that controlled the day are spoken of as if they were a human ruler that controlled what people do. AT: "to direct the daytime as a ruler directs a group of people" or "to mark the times of the day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## day ## +# day -This refers to the daylight hours, not the 24 hour period. +This refers only to the daylight hours. -## the lesser light ## +# the lesser light "the smaller light" or "the dimmer light" -## in the sky ## +# in the sky -This could be translated as "in the heavens" or "in the open space of the sky." +"in the heavens" or "in the open space of the sky" -## to divide the light from the darkness ## +# to divide the light from the darkness -"to separate the light from the darkness" or "to make it light at one time and dark at another." See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:3](./03.md). +"to separate the light from the darkness" or "to make it light at one time and dark at another." See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](./03.md). -## God saw that it was good ## +# God saw that it was good -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:9](./09.md). +Here "it" refers to the sun, moon, and stars. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](./03.md). -## This was evening and morning ## +# evening and morning -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:3](./03.md). +This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## the fourth day ## +# the fourth day -See how you translated "the ... day" in [Genesis 1:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the fourth day that the universe existed. See how you translated "the first day" in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/20.md b/gen/01/20.md index 6e90a9ec7b..62df92c014 100644 --- a/gen/01/20.md +++ b/gen/01/20.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## Let the waters swarm with swarms of living creatures ## +# Let the waters be filled with great numbers of living creatures -Other ways to translate this are "Let the waters be full of many living things" or "Let many animals that swim live in the oceans." Some languages may have one word that refers to all kinds of fish and sea animals. +This is a command. By commanding that living creatures should fill the waters, God made them exist. Some languages may have one word that refers to all kinds of fish and sea animals. AT: "Let the waters be full of many living things" or "Let many animals that swim live in the oceans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## birds ## +# let birds fly -This can be translated as "animals that fly" or "flying things." Some languages have a word that refers to birds and other animals and insects that fly. +This is a command. By commanding that birds should fly, God made them fly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## the expanse of the sky ## +# birds -This can be translated as "the open space of the sky" or "the sky." +"animals that fly" or "flying things" -## God created ## +# the expanse of the sky -This can be translated as "In this way God created." +"the open space of the sky" or "the sky" -## great sea creatures ## +# God created + +"In this way God created" + +# great sea creatures "large animals that live in the sea" -## after its kind ## +# after its kind -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:11](./11.md). +Living things of the same "kind" are like the ones they came from. See how you translated "kind" in [Genesis 1:11,12](./11.md). -## creatures that move and with which the waters swarm ## +# every winged bird -This can also be translated as "animals that move and that the waters are full of." +"every flying thing that has wings." If the word for birds is used, it may be more natural in some languages to simply say "every bird," since all birds have wings. -## every winged bird ## +# God saw that it was good -This can also be translated as "every flying thing that has wings." Or if the word for birds is used, it may be more natural in some languages to say simply say "every bird" since all birds have wings. - -## God saw that it was good ## - -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:9](./09.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "it" refers to the birds and the fish. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/22.md b/gen/01/22.md index c407fdd58a..8e649b3eae 100644 --- a/gen/01/22.md +++ b/gen/01/22.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## them ## +# blessed them -The animals that God made in verses [Genesis 1:20](./20.md). +"blessed the animals that he had made" -## be fruitful and multiply ## +# Be fruitful and multiply -This is God's blessing. He told the sea animals to produce more sea animals like themselves, so that there would be many of them in the seas. The word "multiply" explains how they are to be "fruitful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This is God's blessing. He told the sea animals to produce more sea animals like themselves, so that there would be many of them in the seas. The word "multiply" explains how they are to be "fruitful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## multiply ## +# multiply "increase greatly in number" or "become many" -## birds ## +# Let birds multiply -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:20](./20.md). +This is a command. By commanding that birds should multiply, God made birds multiply. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## This was evening and morning ## +# birds -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:3](./03.md). +"animals that fly" or "flying things." See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:20](./20.md). -## the fifth day ## +# evening and morning -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the fifth day + +This refers to the fifth day that the universe existed. See how you translated "the first day" in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/24.md b/gen/01/24.md index 4efef45358..b692535342 100644 --- a/gen/01/24.md +++ b/gen/01/24.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## Let the earth produce living creatures ## +# Let the earth produce living creatures -"Let the earth produce living things" or "Let many living animals live on the earth." See if you can translate "bring forth" here as you did in [Genesis 1:11](./11.md). +"Let the earth produce living things" or "Let many living animals live on the earth." This is a command. By commanding that the earth should produce living creatures, God made the earth produce living creatures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## each according to its own kind ## +# each according to its own kind -AT: “so that each kind of animal will produce more of its own kind.” +"so that each kind of animal will produce more of its own kind" -## livestock, creeping things, and beasts of the earth ## +# livestock, creeping things, and beasts of the earth This shows that God created all kinds of animals. If your language has another way of grouping all the animals, you can use that, or you can use these groups. -## livestock ## +# livestock -This can be translated as "animals that people look after." +"animals that people look after" -## creeping things ## +# creeping things -This can be translated as "small animals." +"small animals" -## beasts of the earth ## +# beasts of the earth -This can be translated as "wild animals" or "dangerous animals." +"wild animals" or "dangerous animals" -## It was so ## +# It was so -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:6](./06.md). +"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:7](./06.md). -## God made the beasts… ## +# God made the beasts -This can be translated as "In this way God made the beasts…." +"In this way God made the beasts" -## He saw that it was good ## +# He saw that it was good -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:9](./09.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "it" refers to the living creatures on the earth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/26.md b/gen/01/26.md index 502b5bb031..82095d31c6 100644 --- a/gen/01/26.md +++ b/gen/01/26.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Let us make ## +# Let us make -The word "us" here refers to God. God was saying what he intended to do. The pronoun "us" is plural. Possible reasons for this plural pronoun are: 1) the plural form suggests that God is discussing something with the angels that make up his heavenly court; 2) the plural form foreshadows the later New Testament implications that God exists in the form of the Holy Trinity. Some translate it as "Let me make" or "I will make." If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the word is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pluralpronouns]]) +The word "us" here refers to God. God was saying what he intended to do. The pronoun "us" is plural. Possible reasons for the plural use are 1) the plural form suggests that God is discussing something with the angels that make up his heavenly court or 2) the plural form foreshadows the later New Testament implications that God exists in the form of the Holy Trinity. Some translate it as "Let me make" or "I will make." If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the word is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## man ## +# man -"human beings" or "people." This word does not mean males only. +"human beings" or "people." This word here does not mean males only. -## in our image, after our likeness ## +# in our image, after our likeness -These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God made mankind to be like him. This verse does not tell in what ways God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people would look like God. AT: "to truly be like us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God made mankind to be like him. This verse does not tell in what ways God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people would look like God. AT: "to truly be like us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## have dominion over ## +# have dominion over "rule over" or "have authority over" -## God created man...he created him ## +# God created man ... he created him These two sentences mean the same thing and emphasize that God created people in his own image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## God created man ## +# God created man -The way that God created man was different than the rest of creation. This will be described in the next chapter. Do not specify that he created man by simply speaking as in the preceding verses. \ No newline at end of file +The way that God created man was different from the way he created everything else. Do not specify that he created man by simply speaking, as in the preceding verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/28.md b/gen/01/28.md index 12c2a92881..f6890d5e40 100644 --- a/gen/01/28.md +++ b/gen/01/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## God blessed them ## +# God blessed them The word "them" refers to the man and woman God had created. -## Be fruitful, and multiply ## +# Be fruitful, and multiply -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:22](./22.md). God told the man and the woman to produce more people like themselves so that there would be many of them. The word "multiply" explains how they are to be "fruitful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +God told the man and the woman to produce more people like themselves so that there would be many of them. The word "multiply" explains how they are to be "fruitful." See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:22](./22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Fill the earth ## +# Fill the earth Fill the earth with people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/30.md b/gen/01/30.md index 9faec3343b..c97670ca6d 100644 --- a/gen/01/30.md +++ b/gen/01/30.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -(God continues speaking.) +# General Information: -## every bird of the heavens ## +God continues speaking. + +# every bird of the heavens "all the birds that fly in the sky" -## in which there is the breath of life ## +# that has the breath of life -This can be translated as "that breathes" (UDB). This phrase emphasizes that these animals had a different kind of life than the plants. Plants do not breathe, and were to be used as food for the animals. +"that breathes." This phrase emphasizes that these animals had a different kind of life than the plants. Plants do not breathe, and were to be used as food for the animals. Here "life" means physical life. -## It was so ## +# It was so -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:6](./06.md) +"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated it in [Genesis 1:7](./06.md). -## Behold ## +# Behold -The word "behold" here adds emphasis to follows. It can also be translated as "Indeed." +"Indeed." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## it was very good ## +# it was very good -See how you translated "it was good" in [Genesis 1:9](./09.md). Now when God looked at everything he had made, it was “very good.” +Now when God looked at everything he had made, it was "very good. "See how you translated "it was good" in [Genesis 1:10](./09.md). -## This was evening and morning ## +# evening and morning -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:3](./03.md). +This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## the sixth day ## +# the sixth day -See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the sixth day that the universe existed. See how you translated "the first day" in [Genesis 1:5](./03.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/intro.md b/gen/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..94a26af442 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Genesis 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter presents the first account of God creating the world. There is a pattern to this account: "God said ... God saw that it was good ... This was evening and morning, the first day." Translators should preserve this pattern in their versions. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The universe ##### + +This account of creation is told within the framework of ancient Hebrew ideas about the universe: the earth was resting with water around it and below it. Over the earth was something like a vast dome, called "an expanse between the waters" (1:6), on top of which was more water. Translators should try to keep these original images in their work, even though readers in their project language might have a completely different idea of what the universe is like. + +##### Evening and morning ##### + +Genesis 1 presents the ancient Hebrew idea of a day: it begins with sunset, lasts through the night and continues through the daylight hours until the next sunset. This pattern should be preserved in translation, even if readers in the project language define "day" differently. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "God said, 'Let there be'" ##### + +This expression occurs often in this chapter. It can be difficult to translate, because God is not shown as talking to a particular person. If God is talking to a thing, it is something not yet in existence. Translators should find the most natural way in the project language to signal the idea that God spoke things into existence; he created the world and the things in it by simply commanding that they should exist. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Genesis intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/01.md b/gen/02/01.md index 553a8c7510..1493d71e89 100644 --- a/gen/02/01.md +++ b/gen/02/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## the heavens ## +# the heavens "the sky" or "the skies" -## and all the living things that filled them ## +# and all the living things that filled them -"and all the many living things that are in them" or "and all the crowds of living things in them." +"and all the many living things that are in them" or "and all the crowds of living things in them" -## were finished ## +# were finished -Their creation was completed. God had finished creating them. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God had finished creating them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## On the seventh day God came to the end of his work ## +# On the seventh day God came to the end of his work -This can be translated as "By the seventh day God had come to the end of his work." God did not work at all on the seventh day. +God did not work at all on the seventh day. -## he rested on the seventh day from all his work ## +# came to the end of -This can be translated "on that day he stopped working" or "on that day he did not work." +This is an idiom. AT: "had finished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## God blessed the seventh day ## +# he rested on the seventh day from all his work -This could mean 1) "God caused the seventh day to produce good results" or 2) "God said that the seventh day was good." +"on that day he did not work" -## and sanctified it ## +# God blessed the seventh day -This can be translated as "and set it apart" or "and called it his own." +Possible meanings are 1) God caused the seventh day to produce good result or 2) God said that the seventh day was good. -## in it he rested from all his work ## +# sanctified it -This could be translated "on it he did not work." \ No newline at end of file +"set it apart" or "called it his own" + +# in it he rested from all his work + +"on it he did not work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/04.md b/gen/02/04.md index b23f5c740c..6b33ba1c7f 100644 --- a/gen/02/04.md +++ b/gen/02/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + The rest of Genesis 2 tells about how God created people on the sixth day. -## These are the events concerning the heavens and the earth ## +# These were the events concerning the heavens and the earth -"This is the account of the heavens and the earth" or "This is the story about the heavens and the earth." There are two understandings of the purpose of this sentence. Either it is a summary of the events described in Genesis 1:1-2:3, or it introduces the events described in Genesis 2. If possible, translate this so that it could be understood either way. +"This is the account of the heavens and the earth" or "This is the story about the heavens and the earth." Possible meanings are 1) it is a summary of the events described in Genesis 1:1-2:3 or 2) it introduces the events described in Genesis 2. If possible, translate this so that people can understood it either way. -## in the day that Yahweh God made ## +# they were created -This can be translated as "when the LORD God created." The word "day" refers to the whole time span of the creation, not to just one particular day. +"Yahweh God created them." In chapter 1 the writer always speaks of God as "God," but in chapter 2 he always speaks of God as "Yahweh God." -## bush of the field ## +# on the day that Yahweh God made -This refers to shrubs growing in the wild, that animals might eat. +"when Yahweh God created." The word "day" refers to the whole time span of the creation, not to just one particular day. -## plant of the field ## +# Yahweh -This refers to leafy plants like vegetables or greens that both animals and humans can eat. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -## mist ## +# No bush of the field -This refers either to 1) something like dew or morning fog or 2) springs from underground streams. +no shrubs growing in the wild that animals might eat -## the whole surface of the ground ## +# no plant of the field + +no leafy plants like vegetables or greens that both animals and humans can eat + +# to cultivate + +to do everything he needed to do so that the plants would grow well + +# mist + +Possible meanings are 1) something like dew or morning fog o 2) springs from underground streams. + +# the whole surface of the ground the entire earth \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/07.md b/gen/02/07.md index 75c068b34c..7b5d56aa72 100644 --- a/gen/02/07.md +++ b/gen/02/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## formed ## +# formed -"molded" or "shaped" or "made" +"molded" or "shaped" or "created" -## his nostrils ## +# man ... man + +"a human being ... the human" or "a person ... the person" not specifically a male + +# his nostrils "his nose" -## breath of life ## +# breath of life -"breath that makes things live" +"breath that makes things live." Here "life" refers to physical life. -## a garden ## +# a garden -This could have been an orchard of fruit trees or a park with all kinds of trees. +This could have been an orchard of fruit trees or an area with all kinds of trees. -## eastward ## +# eastward "in the east" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/09.md b/gen/02/09.md index fa20cf4d9a..4765b16e39 100644 --- a/gen/02/09.md +++ b/gen/02/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## the tree of life ## +# the tree of life -"the tree that gives people life" when they eat its fruit +"the tree that gives people life" -## the tree of the knowledge of good and evil ## +# life -"the tree that gives people the ability to understand both good and evil" or "the tree that makes people who eat its fruit able to know good things and bad things." +Here this means "eternal life" or life that does not end. -## good and evil ## +# the tree of the knowledge of good and evil -This is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. In this verse, it means "everything, including both good and evil." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +"the tree that gives people the ability to understand both good and evil" or "the tree that makes people who eat its fruit able to know good things and bad things" -## in the midst of the garden ## +# good and evil + +This is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. AT: "everything, including both good and evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# in the midst of the garden "in the middle of the garden." The two trees may not have been in the exact center of the garden. -## A river went out of Eden to water the garden ## +# A river went out of Eden to water the garden -This can be translated as "A river flowed through Eden to water the garden." The garden was in Eden. The river continued to flow outside of Eden. \ No newline at end of file +The garden was in Eden. The river continued to flow outside of Eden. AT: "A river flowed through Eden to water the garden." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/11.md b/gen/02/11.md index 601b05d0b5..404548912f 100644 --- a/gen/02/11.md +++ b/gen/02/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Pishon ## +# Pishon This is the only time this river is referred to in the Bible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). -## the whole land of Havilah ## +# the whole land of Havilah -"the whole land called Havilah." It was somewhere in the Arabian Desert. +"the whole land called Havilah." It was somewhere in the Arabian Desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). -## where there is gold ## +# where there is gold -This is a relative clause that describes Havilah. Some languages would not use a relative clause for this. It can also be translated as "There is gold in Havilah." (See the section on clauses in [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]]) +This phrase gives information about Havilah. Some languages would translate it as a separate sentence. AT: "There is gold in Havilah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) -## bdellium ## +# There are also bdellium and the onyx stone + +The word "there" is placed first in the sentence for emphasis. AT: "This is also where people can find bdellium and onyx stones" + +# bdellium This resin comes from a tree and smells nice. A resin is sticky stuff that comes out of some trees and can burn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## the onyx stone ## +# the onyx stone -"onyx stones." Onyx is a certain kind of beautiful stone. \ No newline at end of file +"onyx stones." Onyx is a certain kind of beautiful stone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/13.md b/gen/02/13.md index 2bb5924915..9a678ec866 100644 --- a/gen/02/13.md +++ b/gen/02/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Gihon ## +# Gihon -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the only mention of this river in the Bible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## flows throughout the whole land of Cush ## +# flows throughout the whole land of Cush The river did not cover the whole land, but wound through various parts of the land. -## the land of Cush ## +# the whole land of Cush -"the land called Cush". This was modern Ethiopia or Sudan. +"the entire land called Cush" -## which flows east of Asshur ## +# which flows east of Ashur -"which flows in the land east of the city of Asshur." The Tigris River flows from north to south. The phrase "which flows east of Asshur" is a relative clause. Some languages would not use a relative clause here. It can also be translated as "and it flows east of Asshur." (See the section on clauses in [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]].) \ No newline at end of file +"which flows in the land east of the city of Ashur." The Tigris River flows from north to south. The phrase "which flows east of Ashur" gives information about where the Tigris River is. Some languages would translate it as a separate sentence. AT: "It flows east of Ashur" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/15.md b/gen/02/15.md index b43a4352da..6e83f60ea1 100644 --- a/gen/02/15.md +++ b/gen/02/15.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## the garden of Eden ## +# the garden of Eden -This can also be translated as "the garden in Eden." +"the garden that was in Eden" -## From every tree in the garden ## +# to work it + +"to cultivate it." This means to do everything necessary so that the plants will grow well. + +# to maintain it + +to guard against anything bad happening in it + +# From every tree in the garden "The fruit of every tree in the garden" -## you ## +# you This pronoun is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## you may freely eat…you may not eat ## +# you may freely eat ... you may not eat In some languages it would be natural to first say what is not permitted and to then say what is permitted, as in the UDB. -## may freely eat ## +# may freely eat "may eat without restriction" -## the tree of the knowledge of good and evil ## +# the tree of the knowledge of good and evil -See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:9](./09.md). +"the tree that gives people the ability to understand both good and evil" or "the tree that makes people who eat its fruit able to know good things and bad things." See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:9](./09.md). -## you may not eat ## +# you may not eat -This can be translated as "I will not permit you to eat" (UDB) or "you must not eat." \ No newline at end of file +"I will not permit you to eat" or "you must not eat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/18.md b/gen/02/18.md index c8e3ac61c5..2c182a67f7 100644 --- a/gen/02/18.md +++ b/gen/02/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## I will make him a helper corresponding to him ## +# I will make him a helper suitable for him -"I will make a helper for him" +"I will make a helper who is just right for him" -## a helper corresponding to him ## +# every animal of the field and every bird of the sky -This can be translated as "a helper that is suitable for him" or "a companion who is right for him." +The phrases "of the field" and "of the sky" tell where the animals and birds are usually found. AT: "all kinds of animals and birds" -## every animal of the field and every bird of the sky ## +# all the livestock -This can also be translated as "all kinds of animals and birds." The phrases "of the field" and "of the sky" tell where the animals and birds typically are. +"all the animals that people look after" -## all the livestock ## +# there was found no helper suitable for him -This can be translated as “animals that people look after.” - -## there was found no helper corresponding to him ## - -This can be translated with an active clause: "he did not find a helper that corresponded to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) or "there was no companion that was right for him." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "there was no companion that was right for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/21.md b/gen/02/21.md index bd3f3d27d9..de235b2720 100644 --- a/gen/02/21.md +++ b/gen/02/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man ## +# caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man "caused the man to sleep intensely." A deep sleep is a time of sleeping in which a person is not easily disturbed or wakened. -## with the rib…he made a woman ## +# With the rib ... he made a woman -"From the rib…he formed a woman." The rib was the material God made the woman from. +"From the rib ... he formed a woman." The rib was the material God made the woman from. -## This time, this one is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh ## +# This time, this one is bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh -This can also be translated as "Finally this one's bones are like my bones, and her flesh is like my flesh." After looking among all the animals for a partner and not finding one, he finally saw someone who was like him and could be his partner. The man was probably expressing his feeling of relief and joy. +"Finally, this one's bones are like my bones, and her flesh is like my flesh." After looking among all the animals for a partner and not finding one, he finally saw someone who was like him and could be his partner. The man was probably expressing his feeling of relief and joy. -## flesh ## +# flesh This refers to the soft parts of the body like skin and muscle. -## She will be called 'woman', because she was taken out of man. ## +# She will be called 'woman,' because she was taken out of man -The translator may want to write a footnote saying "The Hebrew word for 'woman' sounds like the Hebrew word 'man'. \ No newline at end of file +The translator may want to write a footnote saying "The Hebrew word for 'woman' sounds like the Hebrew word for 'man.' \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/24.md b/gen/02/24.md index 56ecf115a7..ef668ebf69 100644 --- a/gen/02/24.md +++ b/gen/02/24.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -(What follows is written by the author. The man did not say these things.) +# General Information: -## Therefore ## +What follows is written by the author. The man did not say these things. -This can be translated as "That is why." +# Therefore -## a man will leave his father and his mother ## +"That is why" -This is about men in general. It does not refer to any particular man at any particular time. It can also be translated as "men stop living in their father and mother's home." +# a man will leave his father and his mother -## will become one flesh ## +"a man will stop living in his father and mother's home." This is about men in general. It does not refer to any particular man at any particular time. -This is a figure of speech. It either means that they become like one person or they become one family. +# they will become one flesh -## They were both naked ## +This idiom speaks of sexual activity as though the bodies that are together become one body. AT: "their two bodies will become one body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They were both naked The word "they" refers to the man and the woman that God had created. -## naked ## +# naked "not wearing clothing" -## they were not ashamed ## +# but were not ashamed -At that time there was no reason for them to be ashamed about being naked. \ No newline at end of file +"they were not ashamed about being naked" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/02/intro.md b/gen/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..271e034cae --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Genesis 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Gen. 2:1-3 ends the first creation account, begun in the previous chapter. The second creation account, beginning in 2:4, is very different, using a more natural, story-telling style instead of following a set formula using repeated phrases. Translators should try to imitate this difference in their versions. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The second creation account in Gen. 2:4-25 ##### + +Gen. 2:4-25 presents an account of creation from a different viewpoint than the one given in Gen. 1:1-2:3. This second account should be regarded as filling out the first account, not as conflicting with it. + +##### Yahweh, the name of God ##### + +"Yahweh," the personal name of God in the Old Testament, appears for the first time in this chapter. Translators must decide how to represent it in their versions. For 2,000 years, it has been traditional for many Christians to represent it with the term "the Lord." Indeed, it is demanded by Roman Catholics for their Bible versions to continue doing this. Of course, the disadvantage of using "the Lord" is that this is a title for God, not a personal name. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]]) + +Translators who are not producing versions for Roman Catholics can consider transliterating the name "Yahweh," approximating the name as best as their project languages allow. + +Or translators can consider using expressions for the supreme god that might exist in their project languages, such as, "The Great One," "The Ruler of All," "The One who Never Sleeps," etc. Of course, these are descriptive titles, not personal names, so they suffer from the same disadvantages that "the Lord" has. + +Translators can also consider pairing a transliteration of "Yahweh" with a meaningful title for the supreme god in the project language. Whatever solution is found should be followed consistently when the name "Yahweh" occurs in the Scriptures. + +##### The Garden of Eden ##### + +This was not a vegetable garden or cultivated field. Instead, it was probably a large area of land with fruit trees and other plants bearing leaves, etc., that were good to eat. A river flowed out from the Garden of Eden, giving the impression that the Garden was a holy place; in the ancient Near East, temples had gardens and waterways. In Rev. 22:1-2, the throne of God in the New Jerusalem is pictured with a river flowing out from it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/01.md b/gen/03/01.md index 271ab97897..21d7249ff6 100644 --- a/gen/03/01.md +++ b/gen/03/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## more shrewd ## +# Now -This can also be translated as "more cunning" (UDB) or "smarter at getting what he wanted by telling lies." +The writer is beginning a new part of the story. -## Has God really said ## +# more shrewd -"Is it true that God said." The serpent was pretending to ask a real question. Translate this as a question. +"more cunning" or "smarter at getting what he wanted by telling lies" -## You must not eat ## +# Has God really said, 'You ... garden'? -The serpent was speaking to the man and the woman (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]). +The snake is pretending to be surprised that God has made this rule. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am surprised that God said, 'You ... garden.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## We may eat ## +# You must not eat + +The word "you" is plural and refers to the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# We may eat ... God said, 'You may not eat it + +Eve told the serpent what God had permitted them to do first and then what God had told them not to do. Some languages would say what they were told not to do first and then say what they were allowed to do, as in the UDB. + +# We may eat "We are allowed to eat" or "We have permission to eat" -## We may eat ... God said, 'You may not eat ## +# You may not ... nor may you ... you will die -Eve told the serpent what God had permitted them to do and what God had told them not to do. Some languages would say what they were told not to do, and then say what they were allowed to do, as in the UDB. +The word "you" is plural and refers to the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## You may not eat it ## +# You may not eat it -This could be translated as "You must not eat it" or "Do not eat it." +"You must not eat it" or "Do not eat it" -## nor may you touch it ## +# nor may you touch it -This can be translated as "and you must not touch it" or "and do not touch it." - -## or you will die ## - -The word "or" introduces what will happen if they eat the fruit of that tree. This could be translated "If you do, you will die." \ No newline at end of file +"and you must not touch it" or "and do not touch it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/04.md b/gen/03/04.md index 83a194bb6f..9db8844320 100644 --- a/gen/03/04.md +++ b/gen/03/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## You ## +# You ... you ... your ... you -When the serpent said "you," he was referring to the man and the woman. Some languages will use the plural form, and some will use the dual form of "you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +These words refer to the man and the woman and so are dual or plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## your eyes will be opened ## +# your eyes will be opened -"your eyes will open." This figure of speech means "you will become aware of things" or "you will understand new things." This meaning can be stated clearly as it is in the UDB. It can also be expressed as a simile: "It will be as though your eyes were opened" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"your eyes will open." This idiom means "you will become aware of things" or "you will understand new things." This meaning can be stated clearly. AT: "It will be as though your eyes were opened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## knowing good and evil ## +# knowing good and evil -This can be translated as "Like God, you will know everything, whether good or bad." This is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. In this verse, it means "everything, including both good and evil." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Here "good and evil" is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. See how you translated "knowledge of good and evil" in [Genesis 2:9](../02/09.md). AT: "knowing everything, including both good and evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## it was a delight to the eyes ## +# it was a delight to the eyes -"the tree was delightful to look at" or "it was nice to look at" or "it was very beautiful" (UDB). +"the tree was delightful to look at" or "it was nice to look at" or "it was very beautiful" -## and that the tree was desirable to make one wise ## +# that the tree was desirable to make one wise -"and she wanted the tree's fruit because it could make a person wise." This can also be translated as "and she wanted its fruit because it could make her understand what was right and wrong just as God does." \ No newline at end of file +"she wanted the tree's fruit because it could make a person wise" or "she wanted its fruit because it could make her understand what was right and wrong just as God does" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/07.md b/gen/03/07.md index d41d7f2316..c220fb709b 100644 --- a/gen/03/07.md +++ b/gen/03/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## The eyes of both of them were opened ## +# The eyes of both of them were opened -This can be translated as "Then their eyes opened" or "They became aware" or "They understood." See how you translated "your eyes will be opened" in [Genesis 3:4](./04.md). +"Then their eyes opened" or "They became aware" or "They understood." See how you translated "your eyes will be opened" in [Genesis 3:5](./04.md). -## sewed ## +# sewed "fastened" or "joined" -## fig leaves ## +# fig leaves If people do not know what fig leaves are like, this can be translated as "large leaves from a fig tree" or simply "large leaves." -## and made coverings for themselves ## +# made coverings for themselves -This can be translated as "and clothed themselves with them." They did this because they were ashamed. This implicit information can be made explicit if needed as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +They did this because they were ashamed. This implicit information can be made explicit if needed as in the UDB. AT: "clothed themselves with them because they were ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## in the cool of the day ## +# in the cool of the day -This could be translated "at the time of day when a cool breeze blows." +"at the time of day when a cool breeze blows" -## from the presence of Yahweh God ## +# from the presence of Yahweh God -This could be translated as "from Yahweh God's sight" or "so that Yahweh God would see them" (UDB) or as "from the the Lord God." \ No newline at end of file +"from Yahweh God's sight" or "so that Yahweh God would not see them" or "from Yahweh God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/09.md b/gen/03/09.md index 0f8f054ef2..f59bfef499 100644 --- a/gen/03/09.md +++ b/gen/03/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Where are you? ## +# Where are you? -This can also be translated as "Why are you trying to hide from me?" (UDB). God knew where the man was. When the man answered, he did not say where he was but why he was hiding. +"Why are you trying to hide from me?" God knew where the man was. When the man answered, he did not say where he was but why he was hiding. -## you ## +# you -In verses 9 and 11, God was speaking to the man. Languages that have a singular form of 'you' would use that one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +In verses 9 and 11, God was speaking to the man. Languages that have a singular form of "you" would use that here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## I heard you ## +# I heard you -This could be translated "I heard your sound." +"I heard the sound you were making" -## Who told you... ## +# Who told you -God knew the answer to this question. He asked it in order to force Adam to confess that he had disobeyed God. +God knew the answer to this question. He asked it in order to force Adam to confess that he had disobeyed God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Have you eaten... ## +# Have you eaten ... from? -Again, God knew this had happened. Translate this question in a form that shows God was accusing Adam of disobedience. \ No newline at end of file +Again, God knew this had happened. Translate this question in a form that shows God was accusing Adam of disobedience. The sentence can be translated as a statement. AT: "You must have eaten ... from." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/12.md b/gen/03/12.md index f9dd28395f..782c78889f 100644 --- a/gen/03/12.md +++ b/gen/03/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## What is this you have done? ## +# What is this you have done? -God already knew what the woman had done. When he asked this question, he was giving her the opportunity to tell him about it, and he was expressing his disappointment with what she had done. Many languages use rhetorical questions for scolding or rebuking. If possible, use a form that expresses this disappointment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +God already knew what the woman had done. When he asked this question, he was giving her the opportunity to tell him about it, and he was expressing his disappointment with what she had done. Many languages use rhetorical questions for scolding or rebuking. If possible, use a form that expresses this disappointment. It can also be translated as a statement. AT: "You have done a terrible thing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/14.md b/gen/03/14.md index 7ff20be417..a69ce83d3b 100644 --- a/gen/03/14.md +++ b/gen/03/14.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## cursed are you alone ## +# cursed are you alone "you alone are cursed." The word "curse" is first in Hebrew in order to emphasize the contrast between God's blessing on the animals and this curse on the serpent. This is a "curse formula," or the way that curses were expressed. By saying this curse, God made it happen. -## all the livestock and all the beasts of the field ## +# all the livestock and all the beasts of the field -This could be translated as "all domestic animals and all wild animals." +"all domestic animals and all wild animals" -## It is on your belly that you will go ## +# It is on your stomach that you will go -"You will move along the ground on your belly." The phrase "upon your belly" comes first in Hebrew in order to emphasize the contrast between the way other animals would move along using their legs with the way the serpent would slither along on its belly. This is also part of the curse formula. +"You will move along the ground on your stomach." The words "it is upon your stomach" comes first to emphasize the contrast between the way other animals would move along using their legs and the way the serpent would slither along on its stomach. This is also part of the curse formula. -## it is dust that you will eat ## +# it is dust that you will eat -"you will eat dust" - The word "dust" comes first in Hebrew in order to emphasize the contrast between the plants above the ground that other animals would eat and the dirty food on the ground that the serpent would eat. This is part of the curse formula. +"you will eat dust." The words "it is dust" comes first to emphasize the contrast between the plants above the ground that other animals would eat and the dirty food on the ground that the serpent would eat. This is part of the curse formula. -## hostility between you and the woman ## +# hostility between you and the woman This means that the serpent and the woman would become enemies. -## seed ## +# seed -"offspring." Possible meanings are 1) "descendant" or 2) descendants." This is because the word "seed" can refer to either a particular seed or to a group of seeds. +"offspring" or "descendant." The word "seed" refers to what a man puts into a woman to cause a baby to grow inside the woman. Like the word "offspring," it can refer to more than one person, as in the word "descendants." Try to find a word that is singular but can refer to more than one person. -## He will bruise…you will bruise his heel ## +# He will bruise ... his heel -The words "he" and "his" refer to the woman's descendent. If "seed" was translated as plural, this can be translated as "They will bruise…you will bruise their heel." In this case, consider inserting footnotes to say that the "He" and "his" are singular. +The words "he" and "his" refer to the woman's descendant. If "seed" was translated as plural, this can be translated as "they will bruise ... their heel"; in this case, consider inserting footnotes to say that the "they" and "their" are used to translate a singular pronoun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## bruise ## +# bruise -This could be translated as "crush" or "strike" or "attack." \ No newline at end of file +"crush" or "strike" or "attack" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/16.md b/gen/03/16.md index eec20483c4..a6f082a6e0 100644 --- a/gen/03/16.md +++ b/gen/03/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## I will greatly multiply your pain ## +# I will greatly multiply your pain -This could be translated "I will make your pain increase much" or "I will make your pain to be very severe." +"I will make your pain increase much" or "I will make your pain to be very severe" -## in having children ## +# in having children -"in giving birth to children" or "when you give birth to children" (UDB) +"in giving birth to children" or "when you give birth to children" -## your desire will be for your husband ## +# Your desire will be for your husband -"You will have a strong desire for your husband." Possible meanings are 1) "You will want very much to be with your husband" or 2) "You will want to control your husband." +"You will have a strong desire for your husband." Possible meanings are 1) "You will want very much to be with your husband" or 2) "You will want to control your husband" -## he will rule over you ## +# he will rule over you -This could be translated as "he will be your master" or "he will control you." \ No newline at end of file +"he will be your master" or "he will control you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/17.md b/gen/03/17.md index 3607d07e68..5a195ac490 100644 --- a/gen/03/17.md +++ b/gen/03/17.md @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ -## Adam ## +# Adam -The name Adam is the same as the Hebrew word for "man." Some translations say "Adam" and some say "the man." Either form is acceptable as it refers to the same person. +The name Adam is the same as the Hebrew word for "man." Some translations say "Adam" and some say "the man." You may use either form as it refers to the same person. -## you have listened to the voice of your wife ## +# you have listened to the voice of your wife -"you have obeyed what your wife said" +This is an idiom. AT: "you have obeyed what your wife said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## have eaten from the tree ## +# have eaten from the tree -"have eaten the fruit of the tree" or "have eaten some of the fruit of the tree" +You can say what it was that they ate. AT: "have eaten the fruit of the tree" or "have eaten some of the fruit of the tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## You may not eat from it ## +# You may not eat from it -This could be translated as "You must not eat from it" or "Do not eat its fruit." +"You must not eat from it" or "Do not eat its fruit" -## Cursed is the ground ## +# cursed is the ground -"The ground is cursed" or "I am cursing the ground." This is a curse formula in Hebrew, with the word "curse" coming first in the sentence. If possible, translate it in a way that emphasizes the curse. +The word "curse" comes first in the sentence to emphasize that the ground, which had been "good" ([Genesis 1:10](../01/09.md)), was now under God's curse. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am cursing the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in painful toil ## +# through painful work -This could be translated as "By doing hard work." +"by doing hard work" -## you will eat from it ## +# you will eat from it -The word "it" refers to the ground. People would eat parts of the plants. The plants grow on the ground. +The word "it" refers to the ground and is a metonym for the parts of the plants, which grow in the ground, that people eat. AT: "you will eat what grows from it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the plants of the field ## +# the plants of the field Possible meanings are 1) "the plants that you take care of in your fields" or 2) "the wild plants that grow in the open fields." -## by the sweat of your face ## +# By the sweat of your face -This can be translated as "by doing hard work that makes your face sweat." +"By doing hard work that makes your face sweat" -## you will eat bread ## +# you will eat bread -Here the word "bread" refers to food in general. +Here the word "bread" is a synecdoche for food in general. AT: "you will eat food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## until you return to the ground ## +# until you return to the ground "until you die and your body is put in the ground." In some cultures, they put the bodies of people who have died in a hole in the ground. Man's hard work does not end until the time of his death and burial. -## For dust you are, and to dust you will return ## +# For dust you are, and to dust you will return "I made you from soil, so your body will become soil again." Translate both occurrences of "dust" with the same word in order to show that man begins and ends in the same condition. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/20.md b/gen/03/20.md index ecaada025e..a4bcc2365e 100644 --- a/gen/03/20.md +++ b/gen/03/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## The man ## +# The man -This can also be translated as the name Adam. +Some translations say "Adam." -## called his wife's name Eve ## +# called his wife's name Eve -Adam "gave his wife the name Eve" or "named his wife Eve" (UDB). +"gave his wife the name Eve" or "named his wife Eve" -## Eve ## +# Eve -Translators may write a footnote saying, "The name Eve sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'living.'" +Translators may write a footnote saying "The name Eve sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'living.'" -## all living things ## +# all the living -This could be translated as "all the living." This refers to people. +The word "living" refers to people. AT: "all people" or "all living people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## garments of skins ## +# garments of skins -This could be translated "clothing made out of animal skins." \ No newline at end of file +"clothing made out of animal skins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/22.md b/gen/03/22.md index b97f11a900..9d69fe103a 100644 --- a/gen/03/22.md +++ b/gen/03/22.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## The man ## +# the man -Possible meanings are 1) God was referring to one human—the man, or 2) God was referring to humans in general, which at this point was the man and his wife. Even if God was speaking about one person, what he said applied to both of them. +Possible meanings are 1) God was referring to one human, the man, or 2) God was referring to humans in general, so this would mean the man and his wife. Even if God was speaking about one person, what he said applied to both of them. -## like one of us ## +# like one of us -This can also be translated as "like us." The pronoun "us" is plural. (See the note on "Let us make" in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md).) +"like us." The pronoun "us" is plural. See how you translated "Let us make" in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md). -## knowing good and evil ## +# knowing good and evil -"He knows what is good and what is bad” This can be translated as "he know everything, whether good or bad." This is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. In this verse, it means "everything, including both good and evil." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Here "good and evil" is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. See how you translated "knowledge of good and evil" in [Genesis 2:9](../02/09.md). AT: "knowing everything, including both good and evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## he must now be allowed ## +# he must not be allowed -This can be translated as "I will not let him." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not allow him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## put forth his hand ## +# tree of life -"reach out with his hand" +"the tree that gives people life." See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:9](../02/07.md). -## the ground from which he had been taken ## +# the ground from which he had been taken -The man was made out of ground. This does not refer to a particular plot of land that the man was taken from. +"dirt because he had been taken from dirt." This does not refer to the particular place on the land that the God took man from. -## So God drove the man out of the garden ## +# So God drove the man out of the garden -"God forced the man to leave the garden." This refers to the event in [Genesis 3:22](./22.md) where it says "Yahweh God sent him out of the garden of Eden." God did not send the man out a second time. +"God forced the man to leave the garden." This refers to the event in [Genesis 3:23](./22.md), where it says "Yahweh God sent him out of the garden of Eden." God did not send the man out a second time. -## in order to guard the way to the tree of life ## +# to cultivate -"in order to stop people from going to the tree of life." +This means to what is needed so that plants grow well. See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:5](../02/04.md). -## flaming sword ## +# in order to guard the way to the tree of life -Possible meanings are 1) a sword that had flames coming from it, or 2) a fire that was shaped like a sword. Languages that do not have swords could use another weapon such as a spear or arrow. \ No newline at end of file +"in order to stop people from going to the tree of life" + +# flaming sword + +Possible meanings are 1) a sword that had flames coming from it or 2) a fire that was shaped like a sword. Languages that do not have swords could use another weapon such as a spear or arrow. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/03/intro.md b/gen/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8f69ec482b --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Genesis 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues the second creation account that began in Gen. 2:4. But a new section of this account begins in 3:1. The ULB reads, "Now the serpent was more shrewd than any other beast of the field which Yahweh God had made," because this is how the Scriptures introduce the serpent into the account. However, many languages prefer different ways to introduce new characters or things into stories, for example, "One of the wild animals made by God was the serpent" or "This is about the serpent, one of the wild animals that God had made." + +Scholars typically refer to the events of this chapter as "the fall" or "the fall of man" because sin is introduced into creation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Curses ##### + +In this chapter, God curses the man, the woman, and the serpent for their sins. In general, cursing is calling down God's punishment on someone or something. In this chapter, however, it is God himself who is doing the cursing. Of course, he does not call down punishment on the man, the woman, and the serpent from someone else. Instead, he is promising that he himself will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +##### Serpent ##### +Most scholars believe that the serpent is Satan, even though his name is not used in this chapter. There are other places in Scripture where the serpent is used as an image for Satan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/01.md b/gen/04/01.md index f6613c6967..71238fe031 100644 --- a/gen/04/01.md +++ b/gen/04/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## The man ## +# The man -This can also be translated here as "the human being" or "Adam" (UDB). +"the human being" or "Adam" -## slept with ## +# slept with -"had sex with." Your language may have a way of saying this politely. Some older versions say "knew." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]). +Your language may have a way of saying this politely. Some older versions say "knew." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## I have produced a man ## +# I have produced a man The word for "man" typically describes an adult male, rather than a baby or child. If that would cause confusion, it could be translated as "manchild" or "boy" or "baby boy" or "son." -## Cain ## +# Cain Translators may want to include a footnote that says "The name Cain sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'produce.' Eve named him Cain because she produced him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Then she gave birth ## +# Then she gave birth -We do not know how much time passed between the births of Cain and Abel. They may have been twins, or Abel may have been born after Eve became pregnant again. If possible, use an expression that does not tell how much time passed. \ No newline at end of file +We do not know how much time passed between the births of Cain and Abel. They may have been twins, or Abel may have been born after Eve became pregnant again. If possible, use an expression that does not tell how much time passed. + +# cultivated + +This means he did everything he needed to do so that the plants would grow well. See how "cultivate" is translated in [Genesis 2:5](../02/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/03.md b/gen/04/03.md index 33cce2d660..57a78a338a 100644 --- a/gen/04/03.md +++ b/gen/04/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## It came about that ## +# It came about that -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using that method here. -## in the course of time ## +# in the course of time -Possible meanings are 1) "after some time had passed" or 2) "at the right time." +Possible meanings are 1) "after some time had passed" or 2) "at the right time" -## fruit of the ground ## +# fruit of the ground -"crops" or "harvest". It refers to the food that came from plants he had tended. +This refers to the food that came from plants he had tended. AT: "crops" or "harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## some of the fat ## +# some of the fat -This could be translated "some of their fat parts." It refers to the fatty parts of the lambs that he had killed. The fat was the best part of the animal. +This refers to the fatty parts of the lambs that he had killed, it was the best part of the animal. AT: "some of their fat parts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## accepted ## +# accepted -The verb "accept" in verses 4 and 5 means "look upon favorably" or "be pleased with." +"looked favorably upon" or "was pleased with" -## was very angry ## +# was very angry Some languages have an idiom for anger such as "He burned" or "His anger burned." -## he scowled ## +# he scowled -This means that the expression on his face showed that he was angry or jealous. Some languages have an idiom that describes what a person's face looks like when he is angry. \ No newline at end of file +This means that the expression on his face showed that he was angry or jealous. Some languages have an idiom that describes what a person's face looks like when he is angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/06.md b/gen/04/06.md index 6bb64ecda9..5cc4767779 100644 --- a/gen/04/06.md +++ b/gen/04/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Why are you angry and why are you scowling … ## +# Why are you angry and why are you scowling? God used these rhetorical questions to tell Cain that he was wrong to be angry and scowl. They may also have been intended to give Cain an opportunity to confess that he was wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## will you not be accepted ## +# If you ... will you not be accepted? -God used this rhetorical question to remind Cain of something Cain should have already known. It can also be translated as "You know that if you do what is right, I will accept you." +God used this rhetorical question to remind Cain of something Cain should have already known. AT: "You know that if you do what is right, I will accept you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## sin crouches at the door ## +# But if you do not ... you must rule over it -This is can be translated as "sin is already waiting for you outside your door." Here sin is spoken of as a wild animal that is waiting for the chance to attack Cain. This shows how dangerous sin is. It can also be translated as a simile as it is in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +God speaks of sin as if it were a person. AT: "But if you do not do what is right, you will desire to sin even more, and then you will do sinful things. You must refuse to obey it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## sin ## +# sin crouches ... to control you + +Here sin is spoken of as a dangerous wild animal that is waiting for the chance to attack Cain. AT: "you will become so angry that you will not be able to stop sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sin Languages that do not have a noun that means "sin" could translate this as "your desire to sin" or "the bad things you want to do." -## and desires to control you ## +# you must rule over it -The personification of sin is continued. - -## you must rule over it ## - -"you must control sin." Sin is still personified here. If a language cannot use personification to talk about sin, this sentence can also be translated as "But if you do not do what is right, your sinful thoughts are very dangerous, and they will lead you to do sinful things, but you must refuse to do them." \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of Cain's desire to sin as if it were a person over whom Cain should rule. AT: "you must control it so you do not sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/08.md b/gen/04/08.md index 4468a4064e..d35b012fec 100644 --- a/gen/04/08.md +++ b/gen/04/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Cain spoke to Abel his brother ## +# Cain spoke to Abel his brother Some languages will need to add the implicit information that Cain spoke to his brother about going to the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## brother ## +# brother -Abel was Cain's younger brother. Some languages would need to use the word for "younger brother." +Abel was Cain's younger brother. Some languages may need to use the word for "younger brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Where is Abel your brother? ## +# rose up against -God knew that Cain had killed his brother, but he asked Cain this question so that Cain would have to answer. +Standing up to fight against a person is an idiom for attacking him. AT: "attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Am I my brother's keeper? ## +# Where is Abel your brother -Cain used this rhetorical question in order to avoid telling the truth. He was implying that God should know that Cain was not his brother's keeper. This can be translated as "Is it my responsibility to watch my brother?" or "I don't have to take care of my brother." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). \ No newline at end of file +God knew that Cain had killed Abel, but he asked Cain this question so that Cain would have to answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Am I my brother's keeper? + +Cain used this rhetorical question so that he would not have to tell the truth. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am not my brother's keeper!" or "You know that taking care of my brother is not my job!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/10.md b/gen/04/10.md index fcc5583a4d..98d912b3a6 100644 --- a/gen/04/10.md +++ b/gen/04/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## What have you done? ## +# What have you done? -God used this rhetorical question to rebuke Cain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +God uses a rhetorical question to rebuke Cain. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "What you have done is terrible!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Your brother's blood is calling out to me ## +# Your brother's blood is calling out to me -This personification can be translated as a simile. The implicit information is what the voice was calling out for. "Your brother's blood is like a person who is calling out to me to punish the person who killed him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Abel's blood is a metonym for his death, as if it were a person calling out for God to punish Cain. AT: "Your brother's blood is like a person calling out to me to punish the person who killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## which has opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood ## +# Now cursed are you from the ground -This is figurative language that says that the blood soaked into the ground. It can be translated as "which is soaked with your brother's blood." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am cursing you so that you will not be able to grow food from the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## from your hand ## +# which has opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood -This can also be translated as "that spilled when you killed him." Cain caused his brother's blood to flow onto the ground. +God speaks of the earth as if it were a person who could drink Abel's blood. AT: "which is soaked with your brother's blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## it will not yield to you its strength ## +# from your hand -This is a figure of speech that means "the ground will not produce much food for you." +Here Cain is represented by his "hand," to emphasize that he personally had killed his brother. AT: "that spilled when you killed him" or "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## A fugitive and a wanderer ## +# cultivate -These words could be joined together and translated as "a homeless wanderer," which means "a person who roams around because he does not have a home." \ No newline at end of file +This means to do everything necessary to do so that the plants would grow well. See how "cultivate" is translated in [Genesis 2:5](../02/04.md). + +# it will not yield to you its strength + +The ground is personified as if it were a person who loses strength. AT: "the ground will not produce much food for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# A fugitive and a wanderer + +You can join these words together. AT: "A homeless wanderer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/13.md b/gen/04/13.md index 2771c9cd85..383a4338f1 100644 --- a/gen/04/13.md +++ b/gen/04/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## I will be hidden from your face ## +# I will be hidden from your face -"I will not be able to come before your face" or "I will not be able to go to you." Cain thought that if he moved to a different place, he would not be able to worship God. It does not mean that God would not be able to see Cain. +The term "your face" represents God's presence. AT: "I will not be able to speak to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## a fugitive and a wanderer ## +# a fugitive and a wanderer -These words could be joined together and translated as “a homeless wanderer,” which means "a person who roams because he does not have a home." +See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:12](./10.md) -## vengeance will be taken on him sevenfold ## +# vengeance will be taken on him sevenfold -This can be translated with an active verb. "I will take vengeance on him seven times" or "I will punish that person seven times as severely as I am punishing you." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will take vengeance on him seven times" or "I will punish that person seven times as severely as I am punishing you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## would not attack him ## +# would not attack him "would not kill Cain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/16.md b/gen/04/16.md index 1c7a7e7237..b81f8eec99 100644 --- a/gen/04/16.md +++ b/gen/04/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Nod ## +# went out from the presence of Yahweh + +Even though Yahweh is everywhere, this idiom speaks of Cain as though he went far away. AT: "went away from where Yahweh spoke to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Nod Translators may add a footnote saying "The word Nod means 'wandering.'" -## slept with ## +# slept with -“had sex with.” Your language may have a way of saying this politely. Some versions say “knew.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]). See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1](./01.md). +Your language may have a way of saying this politely. Some older versions say "knew." See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## He built a city ## +# He built a city "Cain built a city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/18.md b/gen/04/18.md index cf058f8219..298f9647af 100644 --- a/gen/04/18.md +++ b/gen/04/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## To Enoch was born Irad ## +# To Enoch was born Irad -This can be translated as "Enoch had a son and named him Irad" or "Enoch became the father of Irad." Verse 17 told about Enoch being born. Verse 18 tells about Enoch having a son. The implied information is that Enoch grew up and married a woman. This can be made explicit as it is in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It is implied that Enoch grew up and married a woman. AT: "Enoch grew up and married and became the father of a son whom he named Irad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Irad became the father of Mehujael ## +# Irad -This can be translated as "Irad had a son and named him Mehujael." \ No newline at end of file +the name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Adah ... Zillah + +women's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/20.md b/gen/04/20.md index d0473a8b29..23c64e35ed 100644 --- a/gen/04/20.md +++ b/gen/04/20.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## He was the father of tent dwellers ## +# Adah ... Zillah -"He was the father of people who live in tents." Possible meanings are 1) He was the first person to live in a tent" or 2) "He and his descendants lived in tents." +See how you translated these women's names in [Genesis 4:19](./18.md). -## tent dwellers who have cattle ## +# He was the father of those who lived in tents -This can be translated as "people who live in tents and take care of cattle." +Possible meanings are 1) "He was the first person to live in a tent" or 2) "He and his descendants lived in tents." -## He was the father of those who play the harp and pipe ## +# who lived in tents who have livestock + +people who both live in tents and also take care of animals + +# He was the father of those who play the harp and pipe Possible meanings are 1) "He was the first person to play the harp and pipe" or 2) "He and his descendants played the harp and pipe." -## harp ## +# Tubal-Cain -a musical instrument that has strings. People pluck or strum the strings to make music. +the name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## pipe ## +# the forger of tools of bronze and iron -a musical instrument that is shaped like a tube. People blow air through the tube or over a hole in the tube to make music. +"who made tools out of bronze and iron" -## Tubal-cain, the forger of tools of bronze and iron ## +# iron -cain, the forger of tools of bronze and iron** - "Tubal-cain. He made bronze and iron tools." - -## bronze ## - -a yellowish-brown metal - -## iron ## - -a very strong grey metal \ No newline at end of file +a very strong metal used to make tools and weapons. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/23.md b/gen/04/23.md index d342bd3957..85effdcd15 100644 --- a/gen/04/23.md +++ b/gen/04/23.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## Adah and Zillah, listen to my voice; you wives of Lamech, listen to what I say ## +# Adah ... Zillah -Lamech said basically the same thing twice to show how important it was that his wives listen to what he was about to say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +See how you translated these women's names in [Genesis 4:19](./18.md). -## Adah and Zillah ## +# listen to my voice ... listen to what I say -These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Lamech said the same thing twice for emphasis. His voice is a synecdoche for his whole person. AT: "listen carefully to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## what I say ## +# a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me -This could be translated "my word" or "my speaking." +Lamech killed only one person. These two phrases means the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the certainly of his action. AT: "a young man because he hurt me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me ## +# If Cain is avenged seven times, then Lamech -This is a doublet. It refers to only one person. +Lamech knows that God will avenge Cain seven times. AT: "Since God will punish anyone who kills Cain seven times, Lamech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for wounding me ## +# then Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times -"because he wounded me" or "because he hurt me" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whoever kills me, God will punish seventy-seven times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## If Cain is avenged seven times as much ## +# seventy-seven -This can be translated with an active verb. "If God avenges Cain seven times as much as he punished him" or "Anyone who kills Cain will be punished seven times as much as Cain was punished." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## truly Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times as much ## - -seven times as much** - "truly I will be avenged seventy-seven times as much" or "truly whoever kills me will be punished seventy-seven times as much." \ No newline at end of file +77 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/25.md b/gen/04/25.md index 0ec016937d..539f6b856b 100644 --- a/gen/04/25.md +++ b/gen/04/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## slept with ## +# slept with -“had sex with.” Your language may have a way of saying this politely. Some languages say “knew.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]). See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1](./01.md). +Your language may have a way of saying this politely. Some older versions say "knew." See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## and said, "God has given me another son" ## +# said, "God has given me another son -This is the reason that she named Seth. This implicit information could be made explicit: "and explained, 'God has given me another child.'" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). +This is the reason that she named him Seth. This can be made explicit. AT: "explained, 'God has given me another child.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Seth ## +# Seth -Translators may add a footnote that says "This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'has given'." +Translators may add a footnote that says "This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'has given.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## A son was born to Seth ## +# A son was born to Seth -This can be translated as "Seth had a son." +This can be made explicit. AT: "Seth's wife bore him a son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to call on the name of Yahweh ## +# to call on the name of Yahweh -“to pray in the name of Yahweh” or “to trust in the name of Yahweh” or “to worship Yahweh." This is the first time in Genesis that people addressed God by the name Yahweh. This could also be translated as "to worship God by using the name Yahweh." \ No newline at end of file +This is the first time people called God by the name Yahweh. This can be made explicit. AT: "to worship God by using the name Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/04/intro.md b/gen/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3acf8dafa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Genesis 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Most of the text in this chapter is prose, but 4:23-24 is poetry. If the translator should put these two verses into poetic form, or at least into elegant speech, different from the rest of the chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Vengeance ##### + +The theme of vengeance is important in this chapter. Ancient Hebrew society allowed for people to seek revenge if a relative was murdered. After Cain murdered his brother Abel, he thought that he would be helpless against this danger because he had been driven away from God's protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + +The theme of vengeance continues with the words of Lamech, who had killed someone for injuring him: +"I have killed a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me. If Cain is avenged seven times as much, truly Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times as much" (Gen. 4:23b-24). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/01.md b/gen/05/01.md index da665b5abf..c00c680c87 100644 --- a/gen/05/01.md +++ b/gen/05/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## This is the record of the descendants of Adam ## +# General Information: -This sentence introduces the account of Adam's descendants in Genesis 5:1-6:8. It could be translated as “This is the account of Adam's descendants.” +This is the beginning of the list of Adam's descendants. -## in his own likeness ## +# in his own likeness -"to be like God." This does not say how God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people look like God. \ No newline at end of file +This phrase means that God made mankind to be like him. This verse does not tell in what ways God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people would look like God. See how "after our likeness" is translated in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md). AT: "to truly be like us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# when they were created + +This can be made active. AT: "when he created them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/03.md b/gen/05/03.md index 5201e6a074..1e9e33825c 100644 --- a/gen/05/03.md +++ b/gen/05/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## 130 … eight hundred ## +# 130 ... eight hundred -Translators may write the numerals "130" and "800" or the words "one hundred thirty" and "eight hundred". (The ULB and the UDB have numerals if the number has three or more words; they have words if a number has only one or two words.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Translators may write the numerals "130" and "800" or the words "one hundred thirty" and "eight hundred." (The ULB and the UDB use numerals if the number has three or more words; they use words if a number has only one or two words.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## he became the father of a son ## +# he became the father of a son "he had a son" -## in his own likeness, after his image ## +# in his own likeness, after his image These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used as a reminder that God made man in his own image. See how you translated similar phrases in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md). -## Seth ## +# Seth -Translate this name as you did in [Genesis 4:25](../04/25.md). +See how you translated this name in [Genesis 4:25](../04/25.md). -## He became the father of more sons and daughters ## +# He became the father of more sons and daughters "He had more sons and daughters" -## and then he died ## +# then he died This phrase will be repeated throughout the chapter. Use the ordinary word for "died." -## Adam lived 930 years ## +# Adam lived 930 years -This can be translated as "Adam lived a total of 930 years." People used to live a very long time. Use your ordinary word for "years." \ No newline at end of file +"Adam lived nine hundred and thirty years." People used to live a very long time. Use your ordinary word for "years." AT: "Adam lived a total of 930 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/06.md b/gen/05/06.md index 82eb7f3f1b..1774c6ed66 100644 --- a/gen/05/06.md +++ b/gen/05/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## he became the father of Enosh ## +# 105 years -"he had his son Enosh" +"one hundred and five years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Enosh ## +# he became the father of Enosh -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here "father" means his actual father, not his grandfather. AT: "he had his son Enosh." -## and became the father of more sons and daughters ## +# Enosh + +This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 807 years + +"eight hundred and seven years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# and became the father of more sons and daughters "and had more sons and daughters" -## Seth lived 912 years ## +# Seth lived 912 years -This can be translated as "Seth lived a total of 912 years." +"Seth lived nine hundred and twelve years." Seth lived a total of 912 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## and then he died ## +# then he died This phrase is repeated throughout the chapter. Use the ordinary word for "died." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/09.md b/gen/05/09.md index 42bb5605c8..27cb6093de 100644 --- a/gen/05/09.md +++ b/gen/05/09.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes for verse [Genesis 5:6](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# ninety years + +"90 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 815 years + +"eight hundred and fifteen years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 905 years + +"nine hundred and give years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/12.md b/gen/05/12.md index 42bb5605c8..fbf52c3a88 100644 --- a/gen/05/12.md +++ b/gen/05/12.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes for verse [Genesis 5:6](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seventy years + +"70 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 840 years + +"eight hundred and forty years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 910 years + +"nine hundred and ten years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/15.md b/gen/05/15.md index 42bb5605c8..466fabc70d 100644 --- a/gen/05/15.md +++ b/gen/05/15.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes for verse [Genesis 5:6](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/18.md b/gen/05/18.md index 42bb5605c8..466fabc70d 100644 --- a/gen/05/18.md +++ b/gen/05/18.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes for verse [Genesis 5:6](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/21.md b/gen/05/21.md index 752b0e9db6..5d27219f22 100644 --- a/gen/05/21.md +++ b/gen/05/21.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## he became the father of Methuselah ## +# he became the father of Methuselah -“he had his son Methuselah” +"he had his son Methuselah" -## Methuselah ## +# Methuselah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Enoch walked with God ## +# Enoch walked with God -This can also be translated as "Enoch had a close relationship with God" or "Enoch lived in union with God." To walk with someone is a metaphor for being in a close relationship with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +To walk with someone is a metaphor for being in a close relationship with him. AT: "Enoch had a close relationship with God" or "Enoch lived in union with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He became the father of more sons and daughters ## +# He became the father of more sons and daughters -“He had more sons and daughters” +"He had more sons and daughters" -## Enoch lived 365 years ## +# Enoch lived 365 years -This can be translated as “Enoch lived a total of 365 years." +"Enoch lived three hundred and sixty-five years." Enoch lived a total of 365 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## then he was gone ## +# then he was gone The word "he" refers to Enoch. He was no longer on earth. -## for God took him ## +# for God took him -This means that God took Enoch to be with God himself. \ No newline at end of file +This means that God took Enoch to be with himself (God). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/25.md b/gen/05/25.md index 42bb5605c8..dbd227d562 100644 --- a/gen/05/25.md +++ b/gen/05/25.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes for verse [Genesis 5:6](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Lamech + +This Lamech is different from the Lamech in [Genesis 4:18](../04/18.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/28.md b/gen/05/28.md index c6a684a3b7..352c716f45 100644 --- a/gen/05/28.md +++ b/gen/05/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## became the father of a son ## +# 182 years + +"one hundred and eighty-two years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# became the father of a son "had a son" -## Noah ## +# Noah -Translators may want to add a footnote that says "This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'rest.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). +Translators may want to add a footnote that says: "This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'rest.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). -## from our work and from the toil of our hands ## +# from our work and from the painful labor of our hands Lamech says the same thing twice to emphasize how hard the work was. AT: "from working so hard with our hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/30.md b/gen/05/30.md index b311512d4a..57341cf514 100644 --- a/gen/05/30.md +++ b/gen/05/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Lamech lived 777 years ## +# 595 years -This can be translated as "Lamech lived a total of 777 years." \ No newline at end of file +"five hundred and ninety-five years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Lamech lived 777 years + +"Lamech lived seven hundred seventy-seven years." Lamech lived a total of 777 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/32.md b/gen/05/32.md index 0539912b56..0cc2169fb0 100644 --- a/gen/05/32.md +++ b/gen/05/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## After Noah had lived ## - -This can also be translated as "When Noah lived." - -## he became the father of ## +# he became the father of "he had his sons." This does not tell us whether the sons were born on the same day or in different years. -## Shem, Ham, and Japheth ## +# Shem, Ham, and Japheth -These sons are not listed in the order of their birth. Ham was the youngest son. Avoid translating this in a way that imply that the list is in the order of their ages. \ No newline at end of file +These sons may not be listed in the order of their birth. There is disagreement about which one was the oldest. Avoid translating this in a way that implies that the list is in the order of their ages. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/05/intro.md b/gen/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..94c265db63 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Genesis 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter provides the first of many lists of descendants in the Bible. This is not a simple list, because the author makes comments about each person. Translators should format this text in the way that is clearest in the project language. Many may choose to introduce each new person in a separate paragraph, as the ULB and UDB do. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/01.md b/gen/06/01.md index a4baa6c3af..b59a2fb5be 100644 --- a/gen/06/01.md +++ b/gen/06/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## It came about ## +# It came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## sons of God ## +# daughters were born to them -Translators could add a footnote saying "It is not clear whether this refers to heavenly beings or human beings. In either case they were beings that God created." +This can be active. AT: "the women bore daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## My spirit will not remain in mankind forever ## +# sons of God -"My breath will not remain in people forever, to keep them alive" (UDB) +Translators could add a footnote saying: "It is not clear whether this refers to heavenly beings or human beings. In either case, they were beings that God created." Some believe these words refer to angels who rebelled against God, that is, evil spirits or demons. Others think this may refer to powerful political rulers, and others think this may refer to the descendants of Seth. -## for they are flesh ## +# My spirit -They are mortal. +Here Yahweh is talking about himself and his spirit, which is the Spirit of God. -## They will live 120 years ## +# flesh -This can also be translated as "They will not live more than 120 years" of "They will live only 120 years." Possible meanings are 1) the normal lifespan of people would decrease to 120 years old or 2) in 120 years everyone would die. \ No newline at end of file +This means that they have physical bodies that will one day die. + +# They will live 120 years + +"They will live one hundred and twenty years." Possible meanings are 1) the normal lifespan of people would decrease to 120 years. AT: "They will not live more than 120 years" or 2) in 120 years everyone would die. AT: "They will live only 120 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/04.md b/gen/06/04.md index fba5dbb83d..16e1144122 100644 --- a/gen/06/04.md +++ b/gen/06/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Giants ## +# Giants -very large people +very tall, large people -## This happened when ## +# This happened when -This refers to the presence of the giants. It can be translated as "This happened because." +"The giants were born because" -## sons of God ## +# sons of God -Translate this as you did in [Genesis 6:1](./01.md). +See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:2](./01.md). -## These were the mighty men of old ## +# These were the mighty men of old -"These giants were the mighty men who lived long ago" or "These children were the powerful fighters who lived long ago." +"These giants were the mighty men who lived long ago" or "These children grew to become the powerful fighters who lived long ago" -## men of renown ## +# mighty men + +men who are courageous and victorious in battle + +# men of renown "famous men" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/05.md b/gen/06/05.md index 4718ef3af9..9546ba7000 100644 --- a/gen/06/05.md +++ b/gen/06/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## inclination ## +# inclination "tendency" or "habit" -## the thoughts of their hearts ## +# the thoughts of their hearts -"their inner, secret thoughts". Your language may use a word other than "heart" to talk about the part of people that thinks. +The writer speaks of the heart as if it were the part of the body that thinks. Your language may use a word other than "heart" to talk about the part of people that thinks. AT: "their inner, secret thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## it grieved him to his heart ## +# it grieved him to his heart -This is a figurative way of saying that he was very, very sad about it. Your language may use a word other than "heart" to talk about the emotions. \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of the heart as if it were the part of the body that feels sadness. Your language may use a word other than "heart" to talk about the emotions. AT: "he was very, very sad about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/07.md b/gen/06/07.md index 43f56be827..4cf82a4e7a 100644 --- a/gen/06/07.md +++ b/gen/06/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## I will wipe away mankind … from the surface of the earth ## +# I will wipe away mankind ... from the surface of the earth -This can be translated as "I will destroy mankind whom I created so that there will not be any people on the earth." +The writer speaks of God killing people as if God were wiping dirt off a flat surface. AT: "I will destroy mankind ... so that there will not be any people on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## mankind whom I have created ## +# I will wipe away mankind whom I have created -God created all mankind. The phrase "whom I have created" tells some more information about all of mankind. Some languages would need to make this relative clause a separate sentence. (See the section on clauses in [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]].) This sentence could be translated as two sentences: "I created mankind. I will wipe them away from the surface of the ground." +Some languages would need to translate this as two sentences. AT: "I created mankind. I will wipe them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) -## wipe away ## +# wipe away -This could be translated "totally destroy" or "make it not exist." This verb pictures God as thoroughly cleaning the earth by wiping away wicked mankind. +"completely destroy." Here "wipe away" is used in a negative sense, for God is talking about destroying the people because of their sin. -## Noah found favor in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# Noah found favor in the eyes of Yahweh -This can be translated as "Yahweh looked favorably on Noah" or "Yahweh was pleased with Noah" (UDB). - -## in the eyes of Yahweh ## - -Yahweh sees and knows what people do. AT: "in Yahweh's sight" or "in Yahweh's thoughts". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "found favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "Yahweh looked favorably on Noah" or "Yahweh was pleased with Noah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/09.md b/gen/06/09.md index a7d82c8ca0..c480243828 100644 --- a/gen/06/09.md +++ b/gen/06/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## These are the events concerning Noah ## +# General Information: -This sentence introduces the account of Noah in Genesis 6:9 - 9:29. It could be translated as “This is the account of Noah.” +This begins the story of Noah, which continues into chapter 9. -## walked with God ## +# These were the events concerning Noah -See the note on how to translate this phrase in Genesis [Genesis 5:21](../05/21.md). +"This is the account of Noah" -## Noah became the father of three sons ## +# walked with God -"Noah had three sons" +See how you translated this in [Genesis 5:21](../05/21.md). -## Shem, Ham, and Japheth ## +# Noah became the father of three sons -Translators may add the following footnote. “The sons are not listed in the order that they were born in.” \ No newline at end of file +"Noah had three sons" or "Noah's wife had three sons" + +# Shem, Ham, and Japheth + +Translators may add the following footnote: "The sons are not listed in the order in which they were born." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/11.md b/gen/06/11.md index 2eb0a0c59b..294cb8bc00 100644 --- a/gen/06/11.md +++ b/gen/06/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## The earth was corrupt before God ## +# The earth -"The earth was spoiled in God's sight" or "God saw that the earth had become very bad." Possible meanings are 1) all the people on the earth were very bad or 2) everything on earth had become very bad. +Possible meanings are 1) the people who lived on the earth or 2) "The earth itself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and it was filled with violence ## +# was corrupt -This can be translated as "and the earth was filled with violent people" or "and violent people were all over the earth" or "because it was full of people who were acting violently toward each other." +The people doing what is evil is spoken of as if they were food that has become rotten. AT: "was rotten" or "was completely evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## all flesh ## +# before God -This refers to human beings. +Possible meanings are 1) "in God's sight" or 2) "in the presence of Yahweh" as in [Genesis 4:16](../04/16.md). -## had corrupted their way ## +# and it was filled with violence -This means "they stopped living the way God wanted" or "they behaved in an evil way" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of violence as if it were something that could be put into a container and of the earth as a container. AT: "and there were very many violent people on the earth" or "because it was full of people who did evil things to each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# behold + +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# all flesh + +Possible meanings for what "all flesh" represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# had corrupted their way + +How a person behaves is spoken of as if it were a way or road. AT: "had stopped living the way God wanted" or "had behaved in an evil way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/13.md b/gen/06/13.md index 43133a69b9..d56ba7e53e 100644 --- a/gen/06/13.md +++ b/gen/06/13.md @@ -1,43 +1,43 @@ -## all flesh ## +# all flesh -This refers primarily to human beings. +See how you translated these words in [Genesis 6:12](./11.md). -## the earth is filled with violence through them ## +# the earth is filled with violence through them -"the earth is filled with violence because of them" +"people everywhere on earth are violent" -## I will destroy them with the earth ## +# I will destroy them with the earth -“I will destroy both them and the earth” or “I will destroy them when I destroy the earth.” +"I will destroy both them and the earth" or "I will destroy them when I destroy the earth" -## an ark ## +# an ark -This can be translated as "a large box" or "a ship" or "a barge." It would be able to float on water even in a very bad storm. +This refers to a very large box that would be able to float on water even in a very bad storm. "a large boat" or "a ship" or "a barge" -## cypress wood ## +# cypress wood -This can be translated as "wood used for building boats" or "good wood" or with the name of a tree that people use for making boats. People do not know exactly what kind of tree this was. +People do not know exactly what kind of tree this was. "wood used for building boats" or "good wood" -## cover it with pitch ## +# cover it with pitch -"spread pitch on it" or "paint tar on it." The reason for doing this can be made explicit: “to make it waterproof” (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The reason for doing this can be made explicit. AT: "spread pitch on it" or "paint tar on it" or "cover it with pitch to make it waterproof" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## pitch ## +# pitch -This is a thick, sticky or oily liquid that people put on a boat to stop water from going through gaps in the wood into the boat. +This is a thick, sticky or oily liquid that people put on the outside of a boat to stop water from going through gaps in the wood into the boat. -## cubit ## +# cubits -A "cubit" was a little less than half a meter long. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +A cubit was a unit of measure, a little less than half a meter long. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## three hundred cubits ## +# three hundred cubits -"138 meters." You may use the Hebrew measuring units from the ULB or the metric units from the UDB or your own culture's units if you know how they compare to the metric units. You may also write a footnote that says "Three hundred cubits is about 138 meters." +"138 meters." You may use the Hebrew measuring units from the ULB or the metric units from the UDB or your own culture's units if you know how they compare to the metric units. You may also write a footnote that says: "Three hundred cubits is about 138 meters." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## fifty cubits ## +# fifty cubits -"twenty-three meters" +"twenty-three meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## thirty cubits ## +# thirty cubits -"fourteen meters" \ No newline at end of file +"fourteen meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/16.md b/gen/06/16.md index 5605762e35..9654f3f860 100644 --- a/gen/06/16.md +++ b/gen/06/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## a roof for the ark ## +# a roof for the ark This was probably a peaked or slanted roof. Its purpose was to protect everything in the ark from the rain. -## cubit ## +# cubit -See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:13](./13.md). +A cubit was a little less than half a meter long. See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:15](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## a lower, a second, and a third deck ## +# a lower, a second, and a third deck -This can be translated as "a lower deck, a middle deck, and an upper deck" or "three decks inside" (UDB) or "three levels." +"a lower deck, a middle deck, and an upper deck" or "three decks inside" -## deck ## +# deck -This can be translated as "floor" or "story" or "level" or "room." +"floor" or "level" -## Listen ## +# Listen -This can be translated as "Pay attention" or "Listen to what I am saying." God said this in order to emphasize that he would do what he was about to say. +God said this in order to emphasize that he would do what he was about to say. "Pay attention" or "Listen to what I am saying" -## all flesh that has in it the breath of life ## +# I am about to bring the flood of waters -"everything that lives" (UDB). The phrase "that has in it the breath of life" is a figurative way of saying "that lives." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +In some languages it may b e better to say "to send" instead of "to bring. It is also possible to avoid the direction and say "to cause." AT: "I am about to send a flood of waters" or "I am about to cause a flood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# all flesh + +Here "flesh" represents all physical beings, including humans and animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# that has in it the breath of life + +Here "breath" represents life. AT: "that lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/18.md b/gen/06/18.md index 948d08fe68..491eadd66b 100644 --- a/gen/06/18.md +++ b/gen/06/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## but I will establish my covenant with you ## +# establish my covenant with you -This covenant was a promise that God made to Noah. God would fulfill the covenant. He did not require Noah to do anything as part of the covenant. +"make a covenant between you and me" -## with you ## +# with you -The word "you" is singular. God was making his covenant with Noah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +with Noah -## Of every living creature of all flesh, two of every kind you must bring into the ark ## +# You will come into the ark -"You must bring into the ark two of every kind of very living creature" +"You will enter the ark." Some translations say "You will go into the ark." -## of all flesh ## +# Of every living creature of all flesh, two of every kind you must bring into the ark -"of every kind of animal" \ No newline at end of file +"You must bring into the ark two of every kind of living creature" + +# creature + +an animal God created + +# all flesh + +See how you translated these words in [Genesis 6:12](./11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/20.md b/gen/06/20.md index 7569fa1bf4..5e1ba95bc7 100644 --- a/gen/06/20.md +++ b/gen/06/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## after their kind ## +# after their kind "of each different kind" -## creeping thing of the ground ## +# creeping thing of the ground -This refers to small animals that move on the ground (UDB). +This refers to small animals that move on the ground . -## two of every sort ## +# two of every sort This refers to two of every kind of bird and animal. -## you ## +# to keep them alive -The word "you" here is singular and refers to Noah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "so you can keep them alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## food that is eaten ## +# to you ... yourself ... you -This can be translated as "food that people and animals eat." +These refer to Noah and are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## So Noah did this. According to all that God commanded him, so he did. ## +# food that is eaten -These two sentences mean the same thing. The second sentence explains the first and emphasizes that Noah obeyed God. AT: "So Noah did everything that God commanded him to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"food that people and animals eat" + +# So Noah did this. According to all that God commanded him, so he did + +These two sentences mean the same thing. The second sentence explains the first and emphasizes that Noah obeyed God. These parallel sentences can be combined into one. AT: "So Noah did everything that God commanded him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/06/intro.md b/gen/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6a9f0fbab7 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Genesis 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Beginning in 6:22, the author gives statements summarizing events he tells about again in the text that follows. In the next chapter, the author sometimes gives summary statements that introduce events for the first time. If these statements, and the surrounding events, are not carefully translated, readers can believe that the same events happened twice or three times instead of only one time. Translators should be careful not to give this impression. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/01.md b/gen/07/01.md index 4f0f834adf..926fe31ba8 100644 --- a/gen/07/01.md +++ b/gen/07/01.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + The events in this chapter take place after Noah built the ark, gathered the food, and put it in the ark. -## Come…into the ark ## +# Come ... into the ark ... bring -This could be translated as "Go…into the ark" or "Enter the ship." +"Enter ... into the ark ... take." Many translations read "Go ... into the ark ... take." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## you ## +# you -The word "you" is singular. It refers to Noah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The word "you" refers to Noah and is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## your household ## +# your household "your family" -## righteous before me ## +# righteous before me This means that God saw Noah as righteous. -## in this generation ## +# in this generation -This refers to all the people who were living at that time. It can be translated as "among all the people who are now living." +This refers to all the people who were living at that time. AT: "among all the people who are now living" -## clean animal ## +# clean animal -This was an animal that God allowed people to give him as a sacrifice. +This was an animal that God allowed his people to eat and to sacrifice. -## animals that are not clean ## +# animals that are not clean -These were animals that God did not allow people to offer as sacrifices. +These were animals that God did not allow people to eat or to sacrifice. -## to preserve their offspring ## +# to preserve their offspring -"so that they will have offspring that will live" or "so that, after the flood, animals will continue to live." \ No newline at end of file +"so that they will have offspring that will live" or "so that, after the flood, animals will continue to live" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/04.md b/gen/07/04.md index d9cf307fc9..dbfb599778 100644 --- a/gen/07/04.md +++ b/gen/07/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## forty days and forty nights ## +# forty days and forty nights -This can also be translated as "forty days and nights." This was a forty full days. It was not a total of eighty days. \ No newline at end of file +This was a full forty days. It was not a total of eighty days. AT: "forty days and nights" + +# living + +This refers to physical life. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/06.md b/gen/07/06.md index 0fbf590010..1e1e792470 100644 --- a/gen/07/06.md +++ b/gen/07/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis [Genesis 7:1](./01.md). This is not a new event. +# General Information: -## came upon the earth ## +Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event. -This can be translated as "happened" or "came on the earth." +# came upon the earth -## because of the waters of the flood ## +"happened" or "came on the earth" -This can be translated as "because of the flood that would come" or "to escape the flood water." \ No newline at end of file +# because of the waters of the flood + +"because of the flood that would come" or "to escape the flood water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/08.md b/gen/07/08.md index 89713b9257..93821c6763 100644 --- a/gen/07/08.md +++ b/gen/07/08.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis [Genesis 7:1](./01.md). This is not a new event. +# General Information: -## clean animals ## +Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event. -These were animals that God allowed people to give to him as sacrifices. +# clean animals -## unclean animals ## +These were animals that God allowed people to eat and to give to him as sacrifices. -These were animals that God did not allow people to give to him as sacrifices. +# unclean animals -## two by two ## +These were animals that God did not allow people to eat or to give to him as sacrifices. + +# two by two The animals entered the boat in pairs of one male and one female. -## It came about that ## +# It came about that -This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story--the start of the flood. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story: the start of the flood. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## after the seven days ## +# after the seven days "after seven days" or "seven days later" -## the water of the flood came upon the earth ## +# the waters of the flood came upon the earth -The implicit information that it rained can be made explicit as it is in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The implicit information, "it started to rain" can be made explicit. AT: "it started to rain and the waters of the flood came upon the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/11.md b/gen/07/11.md index c5c5f05a08..cd368993df 100644 --- a/gen/07/11.md +++ b/gen/07/11.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis [Genesis 7:1](./01.md). This is not a new event. +# General Information: -## second month ## +Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event. -This refers to the second month of the year and not the second month from Noah's birthday. +# In the six hundredth year of Noah's life -## on the same day ## +"When Noah was 600 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month + +Since Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the second month of the Hebrew calendar. But this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# on the same day This refers to the specific day when the rain began. This phrase emphasizes how all of these major events happened quickly when the time arrived. -## the fountains of the great deep burst open ## +# the fountains of the great deep burst open -"water from underground rushed up to the surface" +"water from under the earth rushed up to the earth's surface" -## the great deep ## +# the great deep -This refers to underground water sources. +This refers to the sea that was thought to be under the earth. -## the windows of heaven were opened ## +# the windows of heaven were opened -This can be translated as "the sky opened" or "the doors in the sky opened." It is figurative language that means that the rain in the sky poured down. It describes the sky as a ceiling that keeps the ocean above it from falling down to the earth. When the windows, or doors, in the sky were opened, the water came down through them. +This refers to rain. It describes the sky as a ceiling that keeps the waters above it from falling down to the earth. When the windows, or doors, in the sky were opened, the water came down through them. AT: "the sky opened" or "the doors in the sky opened" -## rain ## +# rain If your language has a word for a great amount of rain, it would be appropriate here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/13.md b/gen/07/13.md index f2c0505a68..ed4f5b64ff 100644 --- a/gen/07/13.md +++ b/gen/07/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis [Genesis 7:1](./01.md). This is not a new event. +# General Information: -## On that very same day ## +Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event. -"On that exact day." This refers to the day that the rain started [Genesis 7:11](./11.md). Verses 13-16 tell what Noah did immediately before the rain began. +# On that very same day -## wild animal… livestock… creeping thing… bird ## +"On that exact day." This refers to the day that the rain started. Verses 13-16 tell what Noah did immediately before the rain began. -These four groups are listed to show that every kind of animal was included. If your language has another way of grouping all the animals, you can use that, or you can use these groups. See how you translated these terms in [Genesis 1:24](../01/24.md). +# wild animal ... livestock ... creeping thing ... bird -## creeping thing ## +These four groups are listed to show that every kind of animal was included. If your language has another way of grouping all the animals, you can use that, or you can use these groups. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:24](../01/24.md). -This refers to animals that crawl on the ground, like rodents, lizards, and snakes. +# creeping thing -## its kind ## +This refers to animals that crawl on the ground, like rodents, insects, lizards, and snakes. -"its type" or "its species" or "its variety" \ No newline at end of file +# according to its kind + +"so that each kind of animal will produce more of its own kind." See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:24](../01/24.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/15.md b/gen/07/15.md index e1a5c7955e..3b917a2139 100644 --- a/gen/07/15.md +++ b/gen/07/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis [Genesis 7:1](./01.md). This is not a new event. +# General Information: -## two of all flesh in which was the breath of life ## +Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event. -This refers to the animals that were listed in verse 14. +# Two of all flesh -## in which was the breath of life ## +Here "flesh" represents animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -The phrase “in which was the breath of life” is a figurative way of saying “that lived.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# in which was the breath of life -## male and female of all flesh ## +Here "breath" represents life. AT: "that lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This could be translated as "male and female of every kind of animal." +# came to Noah -## after them ## +The word "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -This could be made more explicit: "after they entered the ark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). \ No newline at end of file +# of all flesh + +Here "flesh" represents animals. AT: "of every kind of animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# after them + +The full meaning can be stated explicitly. AT: "after they entered the ark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/17.md b/gen/07/17.md index f6c158d77c..da92961db9 100644 --- a/gen/07/17.md +++ b/gen/07/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis [Genesis 7:1](./01.md). This is not a new event. +# General Information: -## and the water increased ## +Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event. -This happened during the forty days while the water kept coming. This can also be translated as "and the water got very deep." +# the water increased -## and lifted up the ark ## +"the water became very deep." This happened during the forty days while the water kept coming. -This can also be translated as "and it caused the ark to float on it." +# lifted the ark -## It rose up from upon the earth ## +"it caused the ark to float" -This could be translated as "the ark rose up high over the ground" or "the ark floated on top of the deep water." +# raised it above the earth -## The water came in torrents ## - -This could be translated as "the water came very fast and was powerful." \ No newline at end of file +"causes the ark to rise up high over the ground" or "he ark floated on top of the deep water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/19.md b/gen/07/19.md index 3c530066a9..09689593ff 100644 --- a/gen/07/19.md +++ b/gen/07/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## The waters forced themselves higher and higher on the earth ## +# The waters rose greatly on the earth -This can also be translated as "The waters came more and more powerfully on the earth" or "The water totally overwhelmed the earth." +"The water totally overwhelmed the earth" -## the whole heaven ## +# fifteen cubits -"the entire sky." - -## fifteen cubits ## - -"six meters." See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:13](../06/13.md). \ No newline at end of file +"six meters." See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:15](../06/13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/21.md b/gen/07/21.md index 015c459938..7e0f9f1b7e 100644 --- a/gen/07/21.md +++ b/gen/07/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## moved ## +# moved upon "moved about" or "roamed" -## all the swarming creatures that swarmed upon the earth ## +# all the living creatures that lived in great numbers upon the earth -This refers to all the animals that move around on the ground in large groups. It can also be translated as "all the animals that creep around on the earth." +This refers to all the animals that move around on the ground in large groups. -## All beings in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life ## +# who breathed the breath of life through their noses -The could also be translated as "all beings that had the breath of life in their noses" or "every creature that breathed." This included animals and humans. +Here "noses" represent the whole animal or human. AT: "everyone that breathed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## all those of the dry land ## +# the breath of life -"all creatures that lived on dry land." This tells something more about the creatures that had the breath of life. It can also be translated as "and who lived on dry land." \ No newline at end of file +The words "breath" and "life" represent the power that causes people and animals to be alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# died + +This refers to physical death. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/23.md b/gen/07/23.md index 3c44809ab3..0801e40a73 100644 --- a/gen/07/23.md +++ b/gen/07/23.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Every living thing…was wiped out ## +# So every living thing ... was wiped out -This sentence tells about what happened to the living things. If necessary, it can be translated with an active clause: "Every living thing…perished" or "The flood completely destroyed every living thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]].) +If necessary, this can be stated in active form. AT: "So every living thing ... perished" or "So the flood completely destroyed every living thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They were all destroyed ## +# They were all destroyed -This means the same thing as the first sentence. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God destroyed them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## from the earth ## +# from the earth -"so that they were not on the earth." +"so they were no longer on the earth" -## and those with him ## +# those with him -"and the people and animals that were with him" +"the people and animals that were with him" -## were left ## +# were left -"remained" or "lived" or "remained alive (UDB) - -## The water dominated the earth ## - -This can be translated as "the deep water covered all the earth" or "the waters remained at full flood like that on the earth (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +"remained" or "lived" or "remained alive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/07/intro.md b/gen/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ac2cf0c46b --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Genesis 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +In this chapter, the author continues his pattern of statements that summarize events already described, and of repeating events that have already happened. Again, careful translation is necessary so that readers do not think that the same events happened more than one time in the story. Special attention in this regard should be given to 7:5,10,13, and 17. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Clean animals and birds ##### + +Noah sacrificed to Yahweh some of the "clean" animals and birds that he had with him (8:20). These were animals and birds that the Hebrew people would later consider to be fit to eat and to sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) + +##### Water underneath and over the earth ##### + +The flood is presented as occurring because of rain pouring out of the sky and because of seawater rising from under the earth. This is because the ancient Hebrews pictured the earth as resting on top of the sea. They also pictured the sky as containing water above the earth that poured down through windows in the sky when God allowed it to rain. Translators should not try to change this picture in order to suit what readers believe about the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/01.md b/gen/08/01.md index 64310db730..b0e23075ad 100644 --- a/gen/08/01.md +++ b/gen/08/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## considered ## +# considered -This could be translated as "remembered" or "thought about." +"remembered" or "thought about" -## The fountains of the deep ## +# ark -This refers to underground sources of water. +This refers to a very large box that would be able to float on water even in a very bad storm. See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:14](../06/13.md). AT: "a large boat" or "a ship" or "a barge" -## the windows of heaven were closed ## +# The fountains of the deep and the windows of heaven were closed -This can be translated as “the sky closed” or "the doors in the sky closed." It is figurative language that means that the rain stopped coming down. See how you translated "the windows of heaven opened" in [Genesis 7:11](../07/11.md). +"The water stopped coming out of the ground and the rain stopped falling." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God closed the fountains of the deep and the windows of heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The fountains ... and the windows ... were closed ## +# fountains of the deep -This can be translated either as "The fountains … and the windows ... closed up" or "Yahweh closed the fountains … and the windows …" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"water from under the earth." See how this is translated in [Genesis 7:11](../07/11.md). + +# the windows of heaven were closed + +This refers to the rain stopping. It describes the sky as a ceiling that keeps the waters above it from falling down to the earth. When the windows, or doors, in the sky were closed, the water stopped coming through them. See how "the windows of heaven" is translated in [Genesis 7:11](../07/11.md). AT: "the sky closed" or "the doors in the sky closed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/04.md b/gen/08/04.md index aebb73052f..c526f241ff 100644 --- a/gen/08/04.md +++ b/gen/08/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## came to rest ## +# came to rest "landed" or "stopped on solid ground" -## the seventh month ## +# in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month ... tenth month -We do not know what time of year this was because we do not know what calendar the author was using. (Different cultures started their year in different seasons.) +Because Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the seventh month and tenth month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## On the first day of the month ## +# On the first day of the month -This could be translated as "on the first day of the tenth month." +"On the first day of the tenth month" -## appeared ## +# appeared -This can be made more explicit as "appeared above the surface of the water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be made more explicit: "appeared above the surface of the water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/06.md b/gen/08/06.md index 002633a8d3..933c0f7712 100644 --- a/gen/08/06.md +++ b/gen/08/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## It came about ## +# It came about -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. This can also be translated as "It happened that." +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. AT: "It happened that" -## the window of the ark which he had made ## +# It came about ... the window of the ark which he had made -The phrase "which he had made" tells about the "window." Some languages may need to make this relative clause a separate sentence: "Noah had made a window in the boat. It came about after forty days that he opened the window." (See the section on clauses in [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]].) +The phrase "which he had made" tells about the window. Some languages may need to make this phrase a separate sentence: "Noah had made a window in the boat. It came about after forty days that he opened the window" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) -## raven ## +# raven -a bird with black feathers that mainly eats the flesh of dead animals that it finds +a black bird that eats mainly the flesh of dead animals -## it flew back and forth ## +# it flew back and forth This means that the raven kept leaving the boat and returning. -## until the water was dried up ## +# until the waters were dried up -This could be translated as an active clause: "until the wind dried up the water" or "until the water dried up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until the wind dried up the waters" or "until the waters dried up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/08.md b/gen/08/08.md index 7cabfdf0e8..452e4ad0b3 100644 --- a/gen/08/08.md +++ b/gen/08/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## to rest her foot ## +# to rest her foot "to land" or "to perch." It means to land on something in order to rest from flying. -## her foot … she returned … and brought her ## +# her foot ... she returned ... and brought her -The word "dove" is feminine in the author's language. You could translate these phrases with the pronouns "its … it … it" or "his … he … him," depending on how you refer to a dove. +The word "dove" is feminine in the author's language. You could translate these phrases with the pronouns "its ... it ... it" or "his ... he ... him," depending on how your language refers to a dove. -## he … him ## +# he ... him -If you use masculine pronouns for the word "dove," you may need to insert Noah's name here to avoid confusion: "Noah sent out a dove", "Noah stretched forth his hand", etc… \ No newline at end of file +If you use masculine pronouns for the word "dove," you may need to insert Noah's name here to avoid confusion: "Noah sent out a dove," "Noah stretched forth his hand," etc. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/10.md b/gen/08/10.md index 9cd63ce79e..628ecaa6e4 100644 --- a/gen/08/10.md +++ b/gen/08/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Behold ## +# Look -The word "behold" here tells us to pay attention to the important information that comes next. +"Pay attention" or "This is important" -## freshly plucked ## +# a freshly plucked olive leaf -"freshly picked" or "newly picked" +"a leaf that she had just plucked from an olive tree" -## He waited another seven days ## +# plucked -"He waited a second seven days" +"broken off" -## She did not return again to him ## +# He waited another seven days -If people would not understand, you could state the reason explicitly: "She did not return again to him because she found a place to land." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"He again waited for seven days" + +# She did not return again to him + +If people would not understand, you could state the reason explicitly: "She did not return again to him because she found a place to land." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/13.md b/gen/08/13.md index ce3f1f3d20..076fb1d39d 100644 --- a/gen/08/13.md +++ b/gen/08/13.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## It came about ## +# It came about -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your langauge has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## in the six hundred and first year ## +# in the six hundred and first year -"in the six hundred and first year of Noah's life" +"when Noah was 601 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## the waters were dried up from off the earth ## +# the first month, on the first day of the month -You could make this active by translating it "the waters covering the earth dried up" or "the wind dried up the waters covering the earth." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). +Since Moses wrote this book it is possible he is referring to the first month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## the covering of the ark ## +# the waters were dried up from off the earth -This refers to a cover that kept the rain water out of the are. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the waters covering the earth dried up" or "the wind dried up the waters covering the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). -## behold ## +# the covering of the ark + +This refers to a cover that kept the rain water from going into the ark. + +# behold The word "behold" tells us to pay attention to the important information that comes next. -## In the second month on the twenty-seventh day of the month ## +# In the second month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month -seventh day of the month** - "on the twenty seventh day of the second month" +"On the twenty seventh day of the second month." This may refer to the second month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## the earth was dry ## +# the earth was dry -This can be translated as "the ground was completely dry." (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"the ground was completely dry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/15.md b/gen/08/15.md index a32051d42a..930f7a5ea0 100644 --- a/gen/08/15.md +++ b/gen/08/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## Come out ## +# Go out ... Take out -This can be translated as "Go out." +"Leave ... Take." Some translations read "Come out ... Bring out." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## every living creature of all flesh ## +# every living creature of all flesh -"every kind of living creature." +"every kind of living creature." See how "all flesh" is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/11.md). -## abound ## +# be fruitful, and multiply -This could be translated as "swarm." - -## be fruitful and multiply ## - -This can be translated "reproduce greatly" or "have many offspring". This is the same command God gave to the first people in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). - -## be fruitful ## - -"have offspring" or "produce young" - -## multiply ## - -"increase greatly in number" or "become many" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. See how this is translated in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). God wanted the humans and animals to reproduce, so there would be many of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/18.md b/gen/08/18.md index 22831de230..e671a2fb8f 100644 --- a/gen/08/18.md +++ b/gen/08/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## according to their families ## +# Noah went out -This can be translated as "in groups of their own kinds." \ No newline at end of file +Some translations read "Noah came out." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# according to their families + +"in groups of their own kinds" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/20.md b/gen/08/20.md index 120e0e6c2e..65c9b0477b 100644 --- a/gen/08/20.md +++ b/gen/08/20.md @@ -1,59 +1,63 @@ -## built an altar to Yahweh ## +# built an altar to Yahweh -"built an altar dedicated to Yahweh" or "built an altar for worshiping Yahweh". He may have built it with stones. +"built an altar dedicated to Yahweh" or "built an altar for worshiping Yahweh." He may have built it with stones. -## clean animals … clean birds ## +# clean animals ... clean birds -"Clean" means that God allowed these animals to be used in sacrifice. Some animals were not used for sacrifices and were called "unclean." +Here "clean" means that God allowed these animals to be used in sacrifice. Some animals were not used for sacrifices and were called "unclean." -## offered burnt offerings ## +# offered burnt offerings -This can be translated as "burnt the animals as offerings to Yahweh." Noah killed the animals and then completely burned them up as an offering to God. +Noah killed the animals and then completely burned them up as an offering to God. AT: "burned the animals as offerings to Yahweh" -## curse the ground ## +# pleasing aroma -"do very serious harm to the earth" (see: UDB) +This refers to the good smell of the roasted meat. -## because of mankind ## +# said in his heart + +Here the word "heart" refers to God's thoughts and emotions. + +# curse the ground + +"do very serious harm to the earth" + +# because of mankind This can be made more explicit: "because mankind is sinful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the inclination of their hearts ## +# the intentions of their hearts is evil from childhood -"their tendency" or "their habit" +"from their earliest years they tend to do evil things" or "when they are young, they want to do evil things" -## the inclination of their hearts is evil from childhood ## +# the intentions of their hearts -"from their earliest years they tend to do evil things" or "even when they are young, they want to do evil things" +Here the word "hearts" refers to people's thoughts, emotions, desires, and will. AT: "their tendency" or "their habit" -## from childhood ## +# from childhood -This refers to an older child and can be translated as "from their youth." +This refers to an older child. AT: "from their youth" -## pleasing aroma ## +# While the earth remains -This refers to the smell of the roasted meat. +"While the earth lasts" or "As long as the earth exists" -## While the earth remains ## - -"while the earth lasts" or "as long as the earth exists" - -## seed time ## +# seed time "the season for planting" -## cold and heat, summer and winter ## +# cold and heat, summer and winter -These expressions both refer to two major times in the year in terms of weather. Translators may use local expressions for referring to times of the year. +These expressions both refer to two major weather conditions in the year. Translators may use local expressions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## summer ## +# summer the hot, dry time of the year -## winter ## +# winter -the cool, wet time of the year +the cool, wet or snowy time of the year -## will not cease ## +# will not cease -"will not cease to exist" or "will not cease to occur." This can also be translated as "will continue." \ No newline at end of file +"will not cease to exist" or "will not cease to occur." This can be expressed in a positive manner. AT: "will continue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/08/intro.md b/gen/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4eaff63f19 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 8:22, which is the poetic part of the quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Flood waters ##### +The waters receded after this great flood. Because there was so much water, and it came from God, it is described in a unique way. + +##### The mountains of Ararat ##### +It is unclear where Ararat was located. Many people believe it is located in the modern country of Turkey. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 08 01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/01.md b/gen/09/01.md index 4eb421f383..cff8606b08 100644 --- a/gen/09/01.md +++ b/gen/09/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth ## +# Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth -See how you translated these commands in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). +This is God's blessing. He told Noah and his family to produce more humans like themselves, so that there would be many of them. The word "multiply" explains how they are to be "fruitful." See how you translated these commands in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## The fear of you and the dread of you ## +# The fear of you and the dread of you will be upon every living animal ... and upon all the fish of the sea + +The writer speaks of fear and dread as if they were physical objects that could be upon the animals. AT: "Every living animal ... and all the fish of the sea will be dreadfully afraid of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The fear of you and the dread of you The words "fear" and "dread" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how afraid the animals will be of mankind. AT: "A dreadful fear of you" or "A terrible fear of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## dread ## +# every living animal on the earth -terror that comes from the threat of an enemy +This is the first of the four categories of animals that the writer lists, and not a summary of the rest of the animals that he mentions next. -## every living animal ## +# bird -This is the first of the four groups that includes large animals, birds, creatures that are low to the ground, and fish. It is not a summary group that includes the other three kinds of living things. +This is a general term for things that fly. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:21](../01/20.md). -## bird ## +# upon everything that goes low on the ground -This is a general term for things that fly. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:20](../01/20.md). +This includes all types of small animals. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:25](../01/24.md). -## upon everything that goes low on the ground ## +# They are given into your hand -This includes all types of small animals. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:24](../01/24.md). - -## They are given into your hand ## - -"They are given into your control." This can be translated with an active verb: "I put them into your control." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The hand represents control. This can be made active. AT: "They are given into your control" or "I have put them under your control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/03.md b/gen/09/03.md index 1416cf0707..d18fb3b659 100644 --- a/gen/09/03.md +++ b/gen/09/03.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + God continues speaking to Noah and his sons. -## life … blood ## +# life ... blood -Translators may add a footnote such as this: "The blood is a symbol for life." They may also add a foot note saying something like this: "God commanded people not to eat meat while the blood was still in it. They had to drain out the blood first." \ No newline at end of file +Translators may add a footnote such as this: "The blood is a symbol for life." They may also add a footnote that says something like this: "God was commanding people not to eat meat while the blood was still in it. They had to drain out the blood first." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/05.md b/gen/09/05.md index 5b4a97c109..680487a988 100644 --- a/gen/09/05.md +++ b/gen/09/05.md @@ -1,37 +1,51 @@ +# General Information: + God continues speaking to Noah and his sons. -## But for your blood ## +# But for your blood -This contrasts man's blood with the blood of animals in [Genesis 9:1](./01.md). +This contrasts man's blood with the blood of animals ([Genesis 9:4](./01.md)). -## your blood, the life that is in your blood, ## +# for your blood, the life that is in your blood -It is implied that the blood is shed, or poured out, or spilled out. This could be made explicit as "if anyone causes your blood to pour out" or "if anyone spills your blood." This is also a metaphor for killing someone. It is possible to translate it as "if anyone kills you," but it would be good to leave "blood" in the text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +It is implied that the blood is shed, or poured out, or spilled out. AT: "if anyone causes your blood to pour out" or "if anyone spills your blood" or "if anyone kills you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will require payment ## +# life -“I will require anyone who kills you to pay.” This payment does not refer to money, but to the death of the murderer. +This refers to physical life. -## From the hand of every animal, I will require it ## +# I will require payment -“I will require any animal that takes your life to pay” +This payment refers to the death of the murderer, not to money. AT: "I will require anyone who kills you to pay" -## From the hand of any man, that is, from the hand of one who has murdered his brother, I will require an accounting for the life of that man ## +# from the hand -This can be translated as "I will require anyone who takes the life of another person to pay" +Here the word "hand" refers to the one who is responsible for something happening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## From the hand of ## +# From the hand of every animal I will require it -This phrase refers to the person in a very personal way. This could be translated as "from that very man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"I will require any animal that takes your life to pay" -## whoever sheds man's blood, by man will his blood be shed ## +# From the hand of any man, that is, from the hand of one who has murdered his brother, I will require an accounting for the life of that man -The shedding of blood is a metaphor for killing someone. This means that if a person murders someone, someone else must kill the murderer. However, "blood" is very significant in this passage and should be used in the translation if possible. Translate "sheds blood" with words that indicate a major loss of blood that causes death. +"I will require anyone who takes the life of another person to pay" -## for it was in the image of God that he made man ## +# From the hand of -"because God made people to be like him." Since God was speaking, this can also be translated as "because I made people in my own image." +This phrase refers to the person in a very personal way. AT: "From that very man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## be fruitful and multiply ## +# brother -See how you translated these commands in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "brother" is used as a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group. + +# Whoever sheds man's blood, by man will his blood be shed + +The shedding of blood is a metaphor for killing someone. This means that if a person murders someone, someone else must kill the murderer. However, "blood" is very significant in this passage and should be used in the translation if possible. Translate "sheds blood" with words that indicate a major loss of blood that causes death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for it was in the image of God that he made man + +"because God made people to be like him" or "because I made people in my own image" + +# be fruitful and multiply + +This is God's blessing. He told Noah and his family to produce more humans like themselves, so that there would be many of them. The word "multiply" explains how they are to be "fruitful." See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/08.md b/gen/09/08.md index 0724f01cbd..b15f1ff380 100644 --- a/gen/09/08.md +++ b/gen/09/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Then God spoke to Noah and to his sons with him ## +# Then God spoke to Noah and to his sons with him -God was already speaking to them. This phrase marks a change in what God was going to speak about. It can also be translated as "God continued speaking to Noah and his sons" or "Then God went on to say." +God was already speaking to them. This phrase marks a change in what God was going to speak about. AT: "God continued speaking to Noah and his sons" or "Then God went on to say" -## As for me ## +# As for me This phrase is used in English to mark the change from God talking about what Noah and his sons must do to talking about what God would do. -## I am going to establish my covenant with you ## +# confirm my covenant with you -This can be translated as “I will make a solemn promise to you." In this covenant, God made a promise, but he did not require Noah to do anything. \ No newline at end of file +"make a covenant between you and me." See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:18](../06/18.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/11.md b/gen/09/11.md index 961e9839a6..d6478fc378 100644 --- a/gen/09/11.md +++ b/gen/09/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + God continues speaking to Noah and his sons. -## I hereby establish my covenant with you ## +# I hereby confirm my covenant with you -"By saying this, I make my covenant with you." +"By saying this, I make my covenant with you." See how similar words are translated in [Genesis 6:18](../06/18.md). -## establish my covenant with you ## +# all flesh -See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 9:8](./08.md). +Possible meanings for what "all flesh" represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth ## +# Never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth "There will never again be a flood that destroys the earth." There would be floods, but they would not destroy the whole earth. -## covenant…for all future generations ## +# sign + +This means a reminder of something that was promised. + +# covenant ... for all future generations The covenant applies to Noah and his family and also to all generations that follow. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/14.md b/gen/09/14.md index e80c5436d5..7bcadc5f10 100644 --- a/gen/09/14.md +++ b/gen/09/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + God continues speaking to Noah and his sons. -## It will come about when ## +# It will come about when -This can be translated as "Whenever." It is something that would happen many times. +"Whenever." It is something that would happen many times. -## I will call to mind my covenant ## +# the rainbow is seen -This does not mean that God would first forget. It can also be translated as "I will think about my covenant." +It is not clear who will see the rainbow, but because the covenant is between Yahweh and people, if you need to say who it is who will see the rainbow, it would be best to name both Yahweh and people. This can be translated in active form. AT: "people and I see the rainbow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## me and you ## +# rainbow + +the colorful strip of light that appears in the rain when the sun shines from behind the viewer + +# I will call to mind my covenant + +This does not mean that God would first forget. AT: "I will think about my covenant" + +# me and you The word "you" is plural. God was speaking to Noah and Noah's sons. -## every living creature of all flesh ## +# every living creature of all flesh -This can be translated as "every kind of living being." \ No newline at end of file +"every kind of living being" + +# all flesh + +Possible meanings for what "all flesh" represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/16.md b/gen/09/16.md index fcb206b6f2..55d8d1e2df 100644 --- a/gen/09/16.md +++ b/gen/09/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + God continues speaking to Noah and his sons. -## in order to commemorate ## +# in order to remember -"in order to remember" or "in order to think about" +"so that I will remember" or "so that I will think about" -## between God and every living creature ## +# between God and every living creature -Since God was speaking, this can also be translated as "between me and every living creature." +God is speaking here. AT: "between me and every living creature" -## every living creature of all flesh ## +# every living creature of all flesh -See how you translated this in [Genesis 9:14](./14.md). +"every kind of living being." See how you translated this in [Genesis 9:15](./14.md). -## Then God said to Noah ## +# Then God said to Noah -God was already talking to Noah. This phrase marks the final part of what God was saying. It can also be translated as "God finished by saying to Noah" or "So God said to Noah." \ No newline at end of file +God was already talking to Noah. This phrase marks the final part of what God was saying. AT: "God finished by saying to Noah" or "So God said to Noah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/18.md b/gen/09/18.md index 190cef3d98..16c07eada5 100644 --- a/gen/09/18.md +++ b/gen/09/18.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -19 introduce the three sons of Noah, who will be an important part of the next story. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Verses 18-19 introduce the three sons of Noah, who will be an important part of the next story. + +# father + +Ham was Canaan's true father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/20.md b/gen/09/20.md index 07e098c407..d427714121 100644 --- a/gen/09/20.md +++ b/gen/09/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## farmer ## +# farmer "man of the soil" -## became drunk ## +# became drunk -"drank too much wine." +"drank too much wine" -## uncovered ## +# uncovered -The text is not specific about how much of Noah's body was uncovered as he lay drunk. His sons' reactions show us that it was shameful. \ No newline at end of file +The text does not specify how much of Noah's body was uncovered as he lay drunk. His sons' reactions show us that it was shameful. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/22.md b/gen/09/22.md index 36e7c2e239..8c696b0160 100644 --- a/gen/09/22.md +++ b/gen/09/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## his father ## +# his father This refers to Noah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/24.md b/gen/09/24.md index f431c8347b..3ba9a50a6a 100644 --- a/gen/09/24.md +++ b/gen/09/24.md @@ -1,26 +1,31 @@ -27 Noah pronounced a curse on Ham's son and blessings on Ham's brothers. What Noah said about them also applied to their descendants, as shown in the UDB. +# General Information: + +In verses 25-27 Noah pronounced a curse on Ham's son and blessings on Ham's brothers. What Noah said about them also applied to their descendants, as shown in the UDB. + +# General Information: + Alternate phrases in these verses are indented to show that this is poetry. If you can, format these verses as they are formatted here to show your readers that this is poetry. -## awoke from his drunkeness ## +# awoke from his drunkenness "became sober" -## his youngest son ## +# his youngest son -This refers to Ham. It can also be translated as "his youngest son, Ham." +This refers to Ham. AT: "his youngest son, Ham" -## a servant to his brothers' servants ## +# Cursed be Canaan + +"I curse Canaan" or "May bad things happen to Canaan" + +# Canaan + +This was one of Ham's sons. AT: "Ham's son Canaan" + +# a servant to his brothers' servants "the lowest servant of his brothers" or "the least important servant of his brothers" -## cursed be Canaan ## +# his brothers -This can also be translated as "I curse Canaan" or "May bad things happen to Canaan." - -## Canaan ## - -This was one of Ham's sons. It can also be translated as "Ham's son Canaan." - -## his brothers ## - -This could refer either to Canaan's brothers or to his relatives in general. Verses [Genesis 9:26](./26.md) refer to Canaan's relationship to his uncles, Shem and Japheth. \ No newline at end of file +This could refer either to Canaan's brothers or to his relatives in general. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/26.md b/gen/09/26.md index f3358d2d64..4909311561 100644 --- a/gen/09/26.md +++ b/gen/09/26.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + If you can, format these verses as they are formatted here to show your readers that this is poetry. -## May Yahweh...be blessed ## +# May Yahweh, the God of Shem, be blessed -This can also be translated as "Praised be Yahweh" or "Yahweh is worthy of praise" or "I praise Yahweh" (UDB). +"Praised be Yahweh, the God of Shem," or "Yahweh, the God of Shem, is worthy of praise" or "I praise Yahweh, the God of Shem" -## May Canaan be his servant ## +# May Canaan be his servant "And let Canaan be Shem's servant." This includes Canaan's and Shem's descendants. -## May God enlarge Japheth ## +# May God extend the territory of Japheth -Possible meanings are 1) "May God make Japheth's territory larger" (UDB) or 2) "May God cause Japheth to have many descendants." +Possible meanings are 1) "May God make Japheth's territory larger" or 2) "May God cause Japheth to have many descendants." -## And let him dwell in the tents of Shem ## +# let him make his home in the tents of Shem -This can be translated as "And let him leave peacefully with Shem." This includes Japheth's and Shem's descendants. +"let him leave peacefully with Shem." This includes Japheth's and Shem's descendants. -## May Canaan be his servant ## +# May Canaan be his servant "Let Canaan be Japheth's servant." This includes Canaan's and Japheth's descendants. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/28.md b/gen/09/28.md deleted file mode 100644 index e00064a455..0000000000 --- a/gen/09/28.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -(There are no notes for these verses.) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/09/intro.md b/gen/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..35dd88d6ee --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# Genesis 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 9:6-7, which is the poetic part of the quotation. They also set apart 9:25-27 which contain two quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Man's relationship to animals ##### +There is a noticeable shift in man's relationship with the animals on the earth. Before the flood, there apparently was harmony between man and the animals. After the flood, the animals fear man and man is permitted to eat the animals, something he was not allowed to do previously. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +##### Life in the blood ##### +This chapter introduces the concept that there is life in the blood of an animal and in man. In Hebrew thought, blood represents the life present in a living thing. This is an image used throughout Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) + +##### Covenant with Noah ##### +God made a covenant with Noah. This covenant was an unconditional promise God made to never destroy the whole world with a flood. Rainbows are a perpetual sign of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### A father's nakedness ##### +In Noah's culture, it was unacceptable to see a father's nakedness. It was wrong for Ham to show his brothers their father's nakedness. Ham's actions were insulting or disrespectful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth" ##### +This is a command that God gives. He expects Noah to obey him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 09 01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/01.md b/gen/10/01.md index ffd078fa42..dbdc94c0d4 100644 --- a/gen/10/01.md +++ b/gen/10/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## These are the descendants of the sons of Noah ## +# These were the descendants of the sons of Noah -This sentence introduces the account of Noah's descendants in Genesis 10:1-11:9. It could be translated as “This is the account of Noah's sons.” \ No newline at end of file +"This is the account of Noah's sons." This sentence introduces the account of Noah's descendants in Genesis 10:1-11:9. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/02.md b/gen/10/02.md index 8e258735a8..fcec9dbb28 100644 --- a/gen/10/02.md +++ b/gen/10/02.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## From these ## +# From these the coastland peoples separated and went into their lands -"from the sons of Javan" +"Javan's sons and descendants separated and moved to the coastlands and islands" -## coastland peoples ## +# coastland peoples This refers to people who lived along the coast and on the islands. -## their lands ## +# their lands "their homelands." These are the places that the people moved to and lived in. -## From these the coastland peoples separated and went into their lands ## +# every one with its own language -This can also be translated as "Javan's sons and descendants separated and moved to the coastlands and islands." - -## every one ## - -"every people group" - -## every one with its own language ## - -This can be translated as "Each people group spoke its own language" or "The people groups divided themselves according to their languages". \ No newline at end of file +"Each people group spoke its own language" or "The people groups divided themselves according to their languages" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/06.md b/gen/10/06.md index 3742830541..96076fb3a6 100644 --- a/gen/10/06.md +++ b/gen/10/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Mizraim ## +# Mizraim -Mizraim is the Hebrew name for “Egypt.” \ No newline at end of file +Mizraim is the Hebrew name for "Egypt." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/08.md b/gen/10/08.md index ba9e1d0263..723380f494 100644 --- a/gen/10/08.md +++ b/gen/10/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## before Yahweh ## +# conqueror -This can be translated as "in Yahweh's sight." +Possible meanings are 1) "mighty warrior" or 2) "mighty man" or 3) "powerful ruler." -## The first centers ## +# before Yahweh -Possible meanings are 1) the first centers he developed or 2) the important cities. +Possible meanings are 1) "in Yahweh's sight" or 2) "with Yahweh's help" -## That is why it is said ## +# That is why it is said -This can be translated as "This is the reason people say." It introduces a proverb. Your language may introduce proverbs and sayings in a different way. \ No newline at end of file +This introduces a proverb. Your language may introduce proverbs and sayings in a different way. AT: "This is the reason people say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# The first centers + +Possible meanings are 1) the first centers he developed or 2) the important cities. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/11.md b/gen/10/11.md index c6f0eb6acd..4741dc6b72 100644 --- a/gen/10/11.md +++ b/gen/10/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## he went to Assyria ## +# he went to Assyria "Nimrod went into Assyria" -## Mizraim became ## +# Mizraim became The list of Noah's descendants continues. -## Mizraim ## +# Mizraim -Mizraim was one of Ham's sons. His descendants became the people of Egypt. Mizraim is the Hebrew name for “Egypt.” \ No newline at end of file +Mizraim was one of Ham's sons. His descendants became the people of Egypt. Mizraim is the Hebrew name for Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/15.md b/gen/10/15.md index 35de4b1b92..d9a032b4b4 100644 --- a/gen/10/15.md +++ b/gen/10/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Jebusites ... Amorites ... Girgashites… ## +# Jebusites ... Amorites ... Girgashites These names refer to larger groups of people that descended from Canaan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/19.md b/gen/10/19.md index 8c9b1ac54a..a57d61f7d7 100644 --- a/gen/10/19.md +++ b/gen/10/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## border ## +# border -This could be translated as "territory." +"territory" or "border of their territory" -## from Sidon, in the direction of Gerar, as far as Gaza ## +# from Sidon, in the direction of Gerar, as far as Gaza -The direction south can be stated explicitly if needed: “from Sidon and went in the direction of Gerar in the south as far as Gaza town” or "from Sidon city in the north as far south as Gaza town, which is near Gerar.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]].) +The direction south can be stated explicitly if needed. AT: "from Sidon city in the north as far south as Gaza town, which is near Gerar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and as you go toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim, as far as Lasha ## +# as one goes toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboyim, as far as Lasha -The direction "east" or "inland" can be stated explicitly if needed: "and then east toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim towns, as far as Lasha” or "and then inland toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim, as far as Lasha” +The direction "east" or "inland" can be stated explicitly if needed. AT: "then east toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboyim towns, as far as Lasha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## These are the sons of Ham ## +# These were the sons of Ham -The word "these" refers to the people and people groups who were listed in verses 6-19. +The word "these" refers to the people and people groups who were listed in verses [Genesis 6-19](./06.md). -## by their languages ## +# by their languages "broken up according to their different languages" -## in their lands ## +# in their lands "in their homelands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/21.md b/gen/10/21.md deleted file mode 100644 index d5c66654a7..0000000000 --- a/gen/10/21.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -(There are no notes for this page.) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/24.md b/gen/10/24.md index 24d920a039..8246a19468 100644 --- a/gen/10/24.md +++ b/gen/10/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Arpachshad ## +# Arphaxad -Arpachshad was one of Shem's sons. +Arphaxad was one of Shem's sons. -## Peleg ## +# Peleg Translators may add a footnote note that says: "The name Peleg means 'division.'" -## the earth was divided ## +# the earth was divided -This can be translated as "the people of the earth divided themselves" or "the people of the earth separated from one another." \ No newline at end of file +This can be made active. AT: "the people of the earth divided themselves" or "the people of the earth separated from one another" or "God divided the people of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/26.md b/gen/10/26.md index 0febe9bba5..8bfe1148d5 100644 --- a/gen/10/26.md +++ b/gen/10/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Joktan ## +# Joktan -Joktan was one of Eber's sons. +Joktan was one of Eber's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## All of these ## +# All these -This refers back to the sons in verses 26-29. \ No newline at end of file +"These" here refers to the sons of Joktan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/30.md b/gen/10/30.md index bd4bba57cc..d4739ae18b 100644 --- a/gen/10/30.md +++ b/gen/10/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Their territory ## +# Their territory -This can be translated as "The land they controlled" or "The land they lived in." +"The land they controlled" or "The land they lived in" -## These are the sons of Shem ## +# These were the sons of Shem -The word "these" refers back to the sons listed in verses 21-29. \ No newline at end of file +The word "these" refers to the descendants of Shem ([Genesis 10:21-29](./21.md)). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/32.md b/gen/10/32.md index 7b5a032df4..74f24dfdd3 100644 --- a/gen/10/32.md +++ b/gen/10/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## These are the clans ## +# These were the clans -This refers back to all the people listed in chapter 10. +This refers back to all the people listed in [Genesis 10:1-31](./01.md). -## according to ## +# according to "listed by" -## From these the nations separated and went over the earth ## +# From these the nations separated and went over the earth "From these clans the nations divided and spread over the earth" or "These clans divided from each other and formed the nations of the earth" -## after the flood ## +# after the flood -This can be made more explicit: "after the flood destroyed the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated clearly or more explicitly. AT: "after the flood destroyed the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/10/intro.md b/gen/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cdddb227d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Genesis 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a genealogical record. It also records the location of ancient people groups. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Assyria and Nineveh ##### +While these places may be located in the same area as the Assyria mentioned later in Scripture, they are not the same kingdom. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Sons were born to" ##### +This is an unusual phrase meaning "were sons of." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/01.md b/gen/11/01.md index 823f6dc899..21fb93df0b 100644 --- a/gen/11/01.md +++ b/gen/11/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a new part of the story. +This word shows that the writer is beginning a new part of the story. -## the whole earth ## +# the whole earth -This refers all the people on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This represents all the people on the earth. AT: "all the people on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## used one language and had the same words ## +# used one language and had the same words These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that all people spoke the same language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## journeyed ## +# journeyed -This could be translated as "migrated" or "moved around." +"migrated" or "moved around" -## in the east ## +# in the east Possible meanings are 1) "in the east" or 2) "from the east" or 3) "to the east." The preferred choice is "in the east" because Shinar is to the east of where scholars believe the ark came to rest. -## settled ## +# settled -This means that they stopped moving from one place to another and began to live at one location. \ No newline at end of file +stopped moving from one place to another and began to live at one location \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/03.md b/gen/11/03.md index b6a03f99f7..bc79adc519 100644 --- a/gen/11/03.md +++ b/gen/11/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## bake them thoroughly ## +# Come -People make bricks out of clay and heat them in a very hot oven to make them hard and strong. +If your language has a way of urging or commanding people to begin work, like the English "Come on!" you might use it here. -## tar ## +# bake them thoroughly + +People make bricks out of clay and heat them in a very hot oven to make them hard and strong. + +# tar a thick, sticky, black liquid that comes up from the ground -## mortar ## +# mortar -a thick substance made of lime powder, clay, sand, and water. People use it to make stones or bricks stick together. (Lime is a powder made from burning white stones or shells.) +This is a thick substance made of lime powder, clay, sand, and water used to make stones or bricks stick together. -## let us make a name for ourselves ## +# let us make a name for ourselves "let us make our reputation great" -## name ## +# name "reputation" -## we will be scattered ## +# we will be scattered -"we will separate from each other and go live in different places" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we will separate from each other and live in different places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/05.md b/gen/11/05.md index 98b9c68ea4..94b560dcd9 100644 --- a/gen/11/05.md +++ b/gen/11/05.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## the descendants of Adam ## +# the descendants of Adam -This can be translated as "the people." +"the people" -## came down ## +# came down The information about where he came down from can be made explicit: "came down from heaven." This does not tell how he came down. Use a general word meaning "came down." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to see ## +# to see "to observe" or "to look more closely" -## one people with the same language ## +# one people with the same language All the people were one big group and they all spoke the same language. -## nothing that they intend to do will be impossible for them ## +# they are beginning to do this -This double negative can also be translated as: "anything they intend to do will be possible for them." It can also be translated as "they will be able to do anything they want to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "they have begun to do this," meaning that they have begun to build the tower but it is not finished, or 2) "this is just the first thing they have done," meaning that in future they will do greater things. -## let us go down ## +# nothing that they intend to do will be impossible for them -The word “us” is plural even though it refers to God. Some translate it as "let me go down" or “I will go down.” If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the word is plural. (See the note on "Let us make" in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md).) ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pluralpronouns]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "anything they intend to do will be possible for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## confuse their language ## +# Come -This could also be translated "mix up their language." This means that Yahweh would cause the people all over the earth to stop speaking the same language. +If your language has a way of urging or commanding people to begin work, like the English "Come on!" you might use it here. See how this is translated in [Genesis 11:3](./03.md). -## so that they may not understand each other ## +# let us go down -This was the purpose of confusing their language. It can also be translated as "so that they will not understand what each other is saying." (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +The word "us" is plural even though it refers to God. Some translate it as "let me go down" or "I will go down." If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the pronoun is plural. See the note on "Let us make" in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# confuse their language + +This means that Yahweh would cause the people all over the earth to stop speaking the same language. AT: "mix up their language" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that they may not understand each other + +This was the purpose of confusing their language. AT: "so that they will not be able to understand what each other is saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/08.md b/gen/11/08.md index 17f2d5f006..5a7853e2c9 100644 --- a/gen/11/08.md +++ b/gen/11/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## from there ## +# from there "from the city" -## its name was called Babel, because there Yahweh confused… ## +# its name was called Babel, because there Yahweh confused The name "Babel" sounds like the word that means "confused." Translators may want to add a footnote about this. -## confused the language of the whole earth ## +# confused the language of the whole earth -This could also be translated as “mixed up the language of the whole earth.” It means that Yahweh caused the people all over the earth to no longer speak the same language. \ No newline at end of file +It means that Yahweh caused the people all over the earth to no longer speak the same language. AT: "mixed up the language of the whole earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/10.md b/gen/11/10.md index 76f08ee4dc..53d7eeb276 100644 --- a/gen/11/10.md +++ b/gen/11/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The rest of this chapter lists the line of Shem's descendants down to Abram. -## These are the descendants of Shem ## +# These were the descendants of Shem -This sentence introduces the list of Shem's descendants in Genesis 11:10-26. +This sentence begins the list of Shem's descendants. -## became the father of Arpachshad ## +# flood -This can also be translated as "had his son Arpachshad" or "his son Arpachshad was born." +This is the flood from Noah's time when people had become so evil that God sent a worldwide flood to cover the earth. -## Arpachshad ## +# became the father of Arphaxad -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"had his son Arphaxad" or "his son Arphaxad was born" -## a hundred…two…five hundred ## +# Arphaxad -Translators may write the words or the numerals “100,” "2" and “500.” (The ULB and the UDB have words if the number has only one or two words; they have numerals if the number has three or more words. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a hundred ... two ... five hundred + +Translators may write the words or the numerals "100," "2," and "500." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/12.md b/gen/11/12.md index d55fe4daac..a00826017e 100644 --- a/gen/11/12.md +++ b/gen/11/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## he became the father of Shelah ## +# he became the father of Shelah -This can also be translated as “he had his son Shelah” or “his son Shelah was born.” +"his son Shelah was born" -## Shelah ## +# Shelah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 403 years + +"four hundred and three years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/14.md b/gen/11/14.md index 148cc03f08..bd15f0a1cc 100644 --- a/gen/11/14.md +++ b/gen/11/14.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -25 have the same format. Translate these the same way as you translated [Genesis 11:12](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/16.md b/gen/11/16.md index 148cc03f08..4a586a86ac 100644 --- a/gen/11/16.md +++ b/gen/11/16.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -25 have the same format. Translate these the same way as you translated [Genesis 11:12](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/18.md b/gen/11/18.md index 148cc03f08..bd15f0a1cc 100644 --- a/gen/11/18.md +++ b/gen/11/18.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -25 have the same format. Translate these the same way as you translated [Genesis 11:12](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/20.md b/gen/11/20.md index 148cc03f08..bd15f0a1cc 100644 --- a/gen/11/20.md +++ b/gen/11/20.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -25 have the same format. Translate these the same way as you translated [Genesis 11:12](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/22.md b/gen/11/22.md index 148cc03f08..bd15f0a1cc 100644 --- a/gen/11/22.md +++ b/gen/11/22.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -25 have the same format. Translate these the same way as you translated [Genesis 11:12](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/24.md b/gen/11/24.md index b3a170e2b1..05c8250e63 100644 --- a/gen/11/24.md +++ b/gen/11/24.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -25 have the same format. Translate these the same way as you translated [Genesis 11:12](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## Abram, Nahor, and Haran ## +The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -We do not know what order his sons were were born in. \ No newline at end of file +# Abram, Nahor, and Haran + +We do not know the birth order of his sons. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/27.md b/gen/11/27.md index 0de12c3915..e18c1104ad 100644 --- a/gen/11/27.md +++ b/gen/11/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Now this is the record of the descendants of Terah ## +# Now these were the descendants of Terah -This sentence introduces the account of Terah's descendants. It could be translated as "This is the account of Terah" or "This is the account of Terah's descendants." Genesis 11:27-25:11 tells about Terah's descendants, particularly his son Abraham. +This sentence introduces the account of Terah's descendants. Genesis 11:27-25:11 tells about Terah's descendants, particularly his son Abraham. AT: "This is the account of Terah's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Haran died in the presence of his father Terah ## +# Haran died in the presence of his father Terah -This means that Haran died while his father was still living. It may also be translated as "Haran died while his father, Terah, was with him" or "Haran died while his father, Terah, was still living." \ No newline at end of file +This means that Haran died while his father was still living. AT: "Haran died while his father, Terah, was with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/29.md b/gen/11/29.md index 0decacee83..12ba288094 100644 --- a/gen/11/29.md +++ b/gen/11/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## took wives ## +# took wives "married wives" -## Iscah ## +# Iskah -Iscah is a female name. +This is a female name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## barren ## +# Now -This means that she was not able to get pregnant or give birth to any children. +This word is used to introduce new information about Sarai that will become important in later chapters. -## Now ## +# barren -This word in English is used to introduce new information about Sarai that will become more important in later chapters. \ No newline at end of file +This term describes a woman who is physically unable to conceive or bear a child. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/31.md b/gen/11/31.md index 64c02c18df..47cc91d3e5 100644 --- a/gen/11/31.md +++ b/gen/11/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## his ## +# his -In verses 31 and 32, the word "his" refers to Terah. +Here the word "his" refers to Terah. -## Sarai his daughter-in-law, his son Abram's wife ## +# Sarai his daughter-in-law, his son Abram's wife -in-law, his son Abram's wife** - This can also be translated as "his daughter-in-law Sarai, who was the wife of his son Abram." +"his daughter-in-law Sarai, who was the wife of his son Abram" -## Haran…Haran ## +# Haran ... Haran -These are two different names and they are spelled differently in Hebrew. One refers to a person and the other refers to a city. You might choose to spell them differently in your language to show this. \ No newline at end of file +These are two different names and they are spelled differently in Hebrew. One refers to a person and the other refers to a city. (The "h" sound in the city's name is louder than the "h" sound in the person's name.) You might choose to spell them differently in your language to show this. + +# 205 years + +"two hundred and five years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/11/intro.md b/gen/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..443abf19b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Genesis 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a story traditionally referred to as the "Tower of Babel." + +This chapter seeks to answer the questions: why do people speak different languages? how did people become so dispersed across the earth? God's punishment described in this chapter may also explain why the world has racial and ethnic divisions. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Age of people when they die ##### +After the flood, people began to live shorter lives. This chapter begins to record the shortening of the average lifespan. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Personification ##### +The statement "Yahweh came down to see" is a type of personification. Yahweh always knows what happens on earth. This statement indicates that Yahweh is about to bring judgment on mankind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Let us build ourselves a city and a tower whose top will reach to the sky" ##### +The people were very full of pride and rebelled against God in this action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 11:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/12/01.md b/gen/12/01.md index 584ff24c21..1b3f042c96 100644 --- a/gen/12/01.md +++ b/gen/12/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a new part of the story. +This word is used to mark a new part of the story. -## Go from your country, and from your relatives, and from your father’s household ## +# Go from your country, and from your relatives -“Go from your land, from your family, from your father's household” +"Go from your land, from your family" -## I will make of you a great nation ## +# I will make of you a great nation -"I will start a great nation through you" or "I will make your descendants become a great nation" +Here "you" is singular and refers to Abram, but Abram represents his descendants. AT: "I will start a great nation through you" or "I will make your descendants become a great nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and make your name great ## +# make your name great -"and make you famous" +The word "name" represents the person's reputation. AT: "make you famous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## whoever dishonors you I will curse ## +# you will be a blessing + +The words "to other people" are understood. AT: "you will be a blessing to other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# whoever dishonors you I will curse "I will curse whoever treats you in a shameful way" or "if anyone treats you as worthless, I will curse him" -## Through you will all the families of the earth be blessed ## +# Through you will all the families of the earth be blessed -This can be translated with an active clause: "I will bless all the families of the earth through you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be made active. AT: "I will bless all the families of the earth through you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Through you ## +# Through you -This can be translated as "Because of you" or "Because I have blessed you." \ No newline at end of file +"Because of you" or "Because I have blessed you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/12/04.md b/gen/12/04.md index 7e6429b8cd..81d4fc62d2 100644 --- a/gen/12/04.md +++ b/gen/12/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the people that they had acquired ## +# possessions -"the people that they had bought" or "the people that they had gathered to be with them." This would include servants and slaves. +This includes animals and non-living property. -## all their possessions ## +# the people that they had acquired -the Hebrew, "Nephesh," for "possessions" may be referring to the living animals they had in their flocks. It may also be taken as a reference to human beings. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "slaves that they had accumulated" or 2) "the people whom they had gathered to be with them." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/12/06.md b/gen/12/06.md index f750da3a9e..b963eb20e1 100644 --- a/gen/12/06.md +++ b/gen/12/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Abram passed through the land ## +# Abram passed through the land -This can also be translated as "So Abraham and his family went through the land." Only Abraham's name is mentioned because he was the head of the family. God had given him the command to take his family and go there. +Only Abram's name is mentioned because he was the head of the family. God had given him the command to take his family and go there. AT: "So Abram and his family went through the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the land ## +# the land -This can be translated as "the land of Canaan." +"the land of Canaan" -## the oak of Moreh ## +# the oak of Moreh -Moreh was probably the name of a place. +Moreh was probably the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Yahweh, who had appeared to him ## +# Yahweh, who had appeared to him -This can be translated as "Yahweh, because he had appeared to him." \ No newline at end of file +"Yahweh, because he had appeared to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/12/08.md b/gen/12/08.md index 25f2973e1a..91d40469ff 100644 --- a/gen/12/08.md +++ b/gen/12/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## he pitched his tent ## +# he pitched his tent -Since Abraham had many people with him, this could also be translated as “and they set up their tents." People who moved from place to place lived in tents. +Abram had many people with him as he traveled. People who moved from place to place lived in tents. AT: "they set up their tents" -## called on the name of Yahweh ## +# called on the name of Yahweh -"prayed in the name of Yahweh” or “worshiped Yahweh." +"prayed in the name of Yahweh" or "worshiped Yahweh" -## Then Abram continued journeying ## +# Then Abram continued journeying -This could also be translated as "Then Abram took his tent and continued journeying." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +You may need to make explicit that he took his tent with him. "Then Abram took his tent and continued journeying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## toward the Negev ## +# toward the Negev -"toward the Negev region" or "toward the south" or "south to the Negev desert" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"toward the Negev region" or "toward the south" or "south to the Negev desert" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/12/10.md b/gen/12/10.md index 33cbf6d629..fecad47f32 100644 --- a/gen/12/10.md +++ b/gen/12/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## there was a famine ## +# There was a famine -"there was no food available" or “there was a shortage of food.” It could also be translated as “the crops did not grow well that season.” +The crops did not grow well that season. This can be made explicit. AT: "There was a shortage of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## in the land ## +# in the land -"in the area" or “in the land where Abram was living" +"in the area" or "in the land where Abram was living" -## went down into ## +# went down into -This can also be translated as "went south into" +Possible meanings are 1) "went further south" or 2) "went away from Canaan into." It would be best to translate this using your usual words for going from a higher place to a lower place. -## they will kill me ## +# they will kill me ... you alive -The reason they would kill Abram can be made explicit: "they will kill me so that they can marry you" or "they will kill me in order to marry you." (See +The reason they would kill Abram can be made explicit: "they will kill me so that they can marry you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## so that my life may be spared because of you ## +# so that my life will be spared because of you -“so that, because of you, they will not kill me” \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that, because of you, they will not kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/12/14.md b/gen/12/14.md index ef7a023fbb..6282fa1c4f 100644 --- a/gen/12/14.md +++ b/gen/12/14.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## It came about that ## +# It came about that -This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +Possible meanings are 1) This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts, and if your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here, or 2) "And that was what happened" . -## The princes of Pharaoh saw her ## +# The princes of Pharaoh saw her -"Pharaoh's official saw Sarai" or "the king's officials saw her" (UDB) +"Pharaoh's officials saw Sarai" or "the king's officials saw her" -## the woman was taken in Pharaoh's household ## +# the woman was taken into Pharaoh's household -This can be translated with an active clause: "Pharaoh took her into his household." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Pharaoh took her into his household" or "Pharaoh had his soldiers take her into his household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## his household ## +# the woman -Since Pharaoh was a king, his house can also be called a palace, as in the (UDB). +Sarai -## for her sake ## +# Pharaoh's household -"for Sarai's sake" or "because of her" +Possible meanings are 1) "Pharoah's family," that is, as a wife, or 2) "Pharaoah's house" or "Pharaoh's palace," a euphemism for Pharaoh making her one of his wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## donkeys ## +# for her sake -Donkeys are animals like horses, but they are smaller, and people use them to ride on or to carry heavy loads. - -## oxen ## - -Oxen are cows or bulls that people use to pull heavy loads or do other hard work. Oxen usually work in pairs. \ No newline at end of file +"for Sarai's sake" or "because of her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/12/17.md b/gen/12/17.md index 75a2aa7e00..a1a8bf78ba 100644 --- a/gen/12/17.md +++ b/gen/12/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## because of Sarai, Abram's wife ## +# because of Sarai, Abram's wife -This can be translated as "because Pharaoh took Sarai, Abram's wife, to his own wife." +This can be made more explicit. AT: "because Pharaoh intended to take Sarai, Abram's wife, to be his own wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Pharaoh summoned Abram ## +# Pharaoh summoned Abram -This can be translated as "Pharaoh called Abram" or "Pharaoh ordered Abraham to come to him." +"Pharaoh called Abram" or "Pharaoh ordered Abram to come to him" -## What is this that you have done to me? ## +# What is this that you have done to me? -Pharaoh used this rhetorical question to show how angry he was about what Abram had done to him. It can also be stated as an exclamation. "You have done a terrible thing to me!" (ULB) (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and the section on Sentence Types in [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]].) +Pharaoh used this rhetorical question to show how angry he was about what Abram had done to him. It can also be stated as an exclamation. AT: "You have done a terrible thing to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Then Pharaoh gave orders to his men concerning him ## +# Then Pharaoh gave orders to his men concerning him "Then Pharaoh directed his officials concerning Abram" -## and they sent him away, along with his wife and all that he had ## +# they sent him away, along with his wife and all that he had -"and the officials sent Abram away from Pharoah, with his wife and all his possessions" \ No newline at end of file +"the officials sent Abram away from Pharoah, with his wife and all his possessions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/12/intro.md b/gen/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e205c69534 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Genesis 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Abram ##### +When God said, "Go from your country, and from your relatives," he established several new people groups. These groups descended from Abram. + +##### God's covenant with Abraham ##### +God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "They will kill me" ##### +Abram was afraid the Egyptians would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Sarai to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Abram's sister, they would have shown favor to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/01.md b/gen/13/01.md index 8b2f885814..415a3a3108 100644 --- a/gen/13/01.md +++ b/gen/13/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## left ## +# went up from -This could be translated "went up from" or "departed from." +"left" or "departed from" -## went into the Negev ## +# went into the Negev -The Negev was a desert region in southern Canaan. It was west of Egypt. This could be translated as "went back to the Negev desert" (UDB) or "went to southern Canaan." +The Negev was a desert region in southern Canaan, west of Egypt. This can be made explicit. AT: "went back to the Negev desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Abram was very rich in animals, in silver, and in gold ## +# Abram was very rich in animals, in silver, and in gold -"Abram had many animals, much silver, and much gold." +"Abram had many animals, much silver, and much gold" -## animals ## +# animals "livestock" or "cattle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/03.md b/gen/13/03.md index 064df063cf..5d4aabb2be 100644 --- a/gen/13/03.md +++ b/gen/13/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## He continued on his journey ## +# He continued on his journey -"He traveled by stages" or "he continued traveling from place to place." Since Abram took his household along, this can also be translated as "They continued on their journey." +Abram and his family traveled by stages, going from place to place. This can be made explicit. AT: "They continued on their journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to the place where his tent had been before ## +# to the place where his tent had been before -The time can be made explicit: "to the place where he had set up his tent before he went to Egypt" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). Or translators may add a footnote that says "See Genesis 12:8." +Translators may add a footnote that says "See Genesis 12:8." The time of his travel can be made explicit. AT: "to the place where he had set up his tent before he went to Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## called on the name of Yahweh ## +# called on the name of Yahweh -"prayed in the name of Yahweh” or “worshiped Yahweh." See how you translated this in [Genesis 12:8](../12/08.md). \ No newline at end of file +"prayed in the name of Yahweh" or "worshiped Yahweh." See how you translated this in [Genesis 12:8](../12/08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/05.md b/gen/13/05.md index 04314647af..381387c205 100644 --- a/gen/13/05.md +++ b/gen/13/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used in English to show that what follows it is background information. This information will help the reader understand the reason for the events that begin in [Genesis 13:8](./08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +This word is used to show what follows is background information to help the reader understand the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## could not stay together ## +# The land was not able to support them + +There was not enough grazing land and water for all their animals. + +# their possessions + +This includes livestock, which need pasture and water. + +# could not stay together "could not live together" -## their possessions ## - -This includes livestock which need pasture and water. - -## The land was not able to support them ## - -There was not enough grazing land and water there for all their animals. - -## The Canaanites and the Perizzites were living in the land at that time. ## +# The Canaanites and the Perizzites were living in the land at that time This is another reason that the land could not support them all. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/08.md b/gen/13/08.md index b3520e6bc3..834d3cebfc 100644 --- a/gen/13/08.md +++ b/gen/13/08.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## strife ## +# Let there be no strife between you and me + +"Let's not quarrel" + +# strife "hostility" or "fighting" or "quarreling" -## Let there be no strife between you and me ## +# between your herdsmen and my herdsmen -This can be translated as "Let's not quarrel." +"let's stop the men who take care of our animals from quarreling" -## and between your herdsmen and my herdsmen ## - -This can be translated as "and let's stop the men who take care of our animals from quarreling." - -## after all, we are family ## +# after all, we are family "because we are family" -## family ## +# family "kinsmen" or "relatives." Lot was Abraham's nephew. -## Is not the whole land before you? ## +# Is not the whole land before you? -Abraham used this rhetorical question to remind Lot about something he would have already known. It can also be translated: "The whole land is available for you to use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +This rhetorical question can be translated as a positive statement. AT: "The whole land is available for you to use." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Go ahead and separate yourself ## +# Go ahead and separate yourself from me -Abraham was speaking kindly to Lot and encouraging him to do something that would help them both. It can also be translated as "Let's separate." +Abraham was speaking kindly to Lot and encouraging him to do something that would help them both. "Let's separate." -## If you go to the left, then I will go to the right ## +# If you go to the left, then I will go to the right -Possible meanings are 1) "If you go one way, then I will go the other" or 2) "If you go to the north, I will go to the south." Abraham let Lot choose the part of the land he wanted, and Abraham would take what was left. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "If you go one way, then I will go the other" or 2) "If you go to the north, I will go to the south." Abram let Lot choose the part of the land he wanted, and Abram would take what remained. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/10.md b/gen/13/10.md index f792379b1d..c6aa6f774f 100644 --- a/gen/13/10.md +++ b/gen/13/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## the whole plain of the Jordan ## +# the whole plain of the Jordan This refers to the general region of the Jordan River. -## was well watered ## +# was well watered -"had supplies of clean water" +"had much water" -## like the garden of Yahweh, like the land of Egypt ## +# like the garden of Yahweh, like the land of Egypt -"like the garden of Yahweh or like the land of Egypt". These were two different places. +"like the garden of Yahweh or like the land of Egypt." These were two different places. -## garden ## +# the garden of Yahweh -Use the same word for "garden" as you used in [Genesis 2:7](../02/07.md). +This is another name for the garden of Eden. -## This was before Yahweh destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah ## +# garden -This anticipates something that would happen later and is told about in [Genesis 19:23](../19/23.md). It is important here because it explains why Lot settled in a region that was later not fertile. +Use the same word for "garden" as you used in [Genesis 2:8](../02/07.md). -## the relatives ## +# This was before Yahweh destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah + +This anticipates something that would happen later. It is important here because it explains why Lot settled in a region that later was not fertile. + +# the relatives "the kinsmen" or "the families." This refers to Lot and Abram with their households. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/12.md b/gen/13/12.md index 4d0a3c160a..d3c3db45d3 100644 --- a/gen/13/12.md +++ b/gen/13/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## lived ## +# lived "settled" or "stayed" -## the land of Canaan ## +# the land of Canaan -This could also be translated as "the land of the Canaanites." +"the land of the Canaanites" -## he set up his tents as far away as Sodom ## +# He set up his tents as far away as Sodom -Possible meanings are 1) "he set up his tents near Sodom" (UDB) or 2) "he moved his tents around in an area that reached all the way to Sodom." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "He set up his tents near Sodom" or 2) "He moved his tents around in an area that reached all the way to Sodom." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/14.md b/gen/13/14.md index a0b162722d..e58199e943 100644 --- a/gen/13/14.md +++ b/gen/13/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## after Lot had departed from him ## +# after Lot had departed from him "after Lot left Abraham" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/16.md b/gen/13/16.md index 5899a6636e..8751cfc66b 100644 --- a/gen/13/16.md +++ b/gen/13/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## walk through the length and breadth of the land ## +# walk through the length and breadth of the land -This can be translated as "walk around all over the whole land." +"walk around all over the whole land" -## oaks ## +# Mamre -See how you translated “oak” in [Genesis 12:6](../12/06.md). +This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Mamre ## +# Hebron -This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees. +place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## an altar to Yahweh ## +# an altar to Yahweh -"an altar dedicated to Yahweh" or "an altar for worshiping Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +"an altar for worshiping Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/13/intro.md b/gen/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7fbe524857 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Genesis 13 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Abram's faith ##### +Since the land could not support both Lot's and Abraham's family, they each went their own way. Even though good land was not plentiful, Abraham allowed Lot to choose the better land because he trusted in God to fulfill his promises. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### God's covenant with Abram ##### + +God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. This chapter continues the covenant which began in the previous chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Built an altar ##### +Abram would have built an altar in order to offer sacrifices to Yahweh. There is an implicit understanding that building an altar was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/01.md b/gen/14/01.md index ff99dcf91e..7d289687d8 100644 --- a/gen/14/01.md +++ b/gen/14/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -2 are all independent cities. -See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]. +# General Information: -## It came about ## +The places in [Genesis 14:1-2](./01.md) are all independent cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# It came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## in the days of ## +# in the days of "in the time of" -## they made war ## +# they made war "they went to war" or "they started a war" or "they prepared for war" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/03.md b/gen/14/03.md index d55fef9f05..7a7aa28442 100644 --- a/gen/14/03.md +++ b/gen/14/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## These latter five kings joined together ## +# These latter five kings joined together -The information that their armies were with them can be made explicit: "These latter five kings and their armies joined together." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The information that their armies were with them can be made explicit. AT: "These latter five kings and their armies joined together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Twelve years they had served ## +# Twelve years they had served The events in verses 4-7 happened before verse 3. Your language may have a way of showing this. -## they had served Chedorlaomer ## +# they had served Kedorlaomer -This could be translated as "they had been under the control of Chedorlaomer." They probably had to pay him taxes and serve in his army. +They probably had to pay him taxes and serve in his army. AT: "they had been under the control of Kedorlaomer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## they rebelled ## +# they rebelled -This can also be translated as "they refused to serve him" or "they stopped serving him." +"they refused to serve him" or "they stopped serving him" -## came and attacked ## +# came and attacked -"came and attacked." They did this because the other kings rebelled. +They did this because the other kings rebelled. -## Rephaim ... Zuzim ... Emim ... Horites ## +# the Rephaim ... the Zuzites ... the Emites ... the Horites These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Ashteroth-karnaim ... Ham ... Shaveh-kiriathaim ... Seir ... El Paran ## +# Ashteroth Karnaim ... Ham ... Shaveh Kiriathaim ... Seir ... El Paran -karnaim ... Ham ... Shaveh-kiriathaim ... Seir ... El Paran** - These are the names of places. +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## as far as El Paran, which is near the desert ## +# El Paran, which is near the desert -The phrase "which is near the desert" tells us something more about El Paran. You can translate this relative clause with two sentences if necessary: "as far as El-paran. El-paran is near the desert." (See the section on clauses in [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]].) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase helps readers understand where El Paran was. It can be translated as a separate sentence if necessary. AT: "El Paran. El Paran is near the desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/07.md b/gen/14/07.md index 9cd7346491..f168d06ec6 100644 --- a/gen/14/07.md +++ b/gen/14/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Verses 8 and 9 repeat what was said in [Genesis 14:3](./03.md) and continues to tell what happened when the kings came together to fight. +# General Information: -## they turned and came ## +Verses 8 and 9 repeats what was said in [Genesis 14:3](./03.md) and continues to tell what happened when the kings came together to fight. -The word "they" refers to the four foreign kings who were attacking the region of Canaan. Their names were Amraphel, Arioch, Chedorlaomer, and Tidal. +# they turned and came -## the Amorites that lived in Hazazaon Tamar ## +The word "they" refers to the four foreign kings who were attacking the region of Canaan. Their names were Amraphel, Arioch, Chedorlaomer, and Tidal. AT: "they turned and went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# the Amorites who lived in Hazezon Tamar This phrase tells which Amorite people were defeated. There were other Amorite people who lived in other places. -## prepared for battle ## +# the king of Bela (also called Zoar) + +The city of Bela was also called Zoar. This information could also be put at the end of the sentence. "the king of Bela went out and prepared for battle. Bela is also called Zoar." + +# prepared for battle "joined battle" or "drew up battle lines." Some translators may need to also say that the armies fought, as the UDB does in verse 9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the king of Bela (also called Zoar) ## - -The city of Bela was also called Zoar. This information could also be put at the end of the the sentence: "and the king of Bela went out and prepared for battle. Bela is also called Zoar." - -## four kings against the five ## +# four kings against the five Since the five kings were listed first, some languages might prefer to translate this as "five kings against four." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/10.md b/gen/14/10.md index abbac9dc3e..6ae96d536a 100644 --- a/gen/14/10.md +++ b/gen/14/10.md @@ -1,39 +1,43 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word introduces background information about the valley of Siddim. Your language may have another way of introducing background information (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]). +This word introduces background information about the valley of Siddim. Your language may have another way of introducing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## was full of tar pits ## +# was full of tar pits -"had many tar pits." These were holes in the ground that had tar in them. See how you translated "tar" in [Genesis 11:3](../11/03.md). +"had many tar pits." These were holes in the ground that had tar in them. -## the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah ## +# tar -This is a figure of speech that refers to the kings and their armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +a thick, sticky, black liquid that comes up from the ground. See how this is translated in [Genesis 11:3](../11/03.md). -## they fell in there ## +# the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah -Possible meanings are 1) some of their soldiers fell in the tar pits (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) or 2) the kings themselves fell in the tarpits. Since [Genesis 14:17](./17.md) says that the king of Sodom went to meet Abram, the first meaning is more likely correct. +Here the kings represent themselves and their armies. AT: the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah and their armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Those who were left ## +# they fell in there -"those who did not die in battle and did not fall in the pits" +Possible meanings are 1) some of their soldiers fell in the tar pits or 2) the kings themselves fell in the tar pits. Since [Genesis 14:17](./17.md) says that the king of Sodom went to meet Abram, the first meaning is more likely correct. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah ## +# Those who were left -"the wealth of Sodom and Gomorrah" or "the property of Sodom and Gomorrah" +"Those who did not die in battle and did not fall in the pits" -## the enemy ## +# the enemy This refers to King Chedorlaomer and the other kings and their armies with him who were attacking Sodom and Gomorrah. -## their provisions ## +# the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah + +The words "Sodom" and "Gomorrah" are metonyms for the people who lived in those cities. AT: "the wealth of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah" or "the property of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their provisions "their food and drink" -## went their way ## +# went their way "they went away" -## they also took Lot, Abram's brother's son, who was living in Sodom, along with all his possessions ## +# they also took Lot, Abram's brother's son, who was living in Sodom, along with all his possessions -The phrases "Abram's brother's son" and "who was living in Sodom" remind the reader of things that were written earlier about Lot. You can translate this differently if necessary: "they also took Lot along with all his possessions. Lot was Abram's brother's son and was living in Sodom at that time." (See the section on clauses in [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]].) \ No newline at end of file +The phrases "Abram's brother's son" and "who was living in Sodom" remind the reader of things that were written earlier about Lot. AT: "they also took Lot, along with all his possessions. Lot was Abram's brother's son and was living in Sodom at that time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/13.md b/gen/14/13.md index db4cc90dfa..a8d3ac86bb 100644 --- a/gen/14/13.md +++ b/gen/14/13.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## One who had escaped came ## +# One who had escaped came -This can be translated as "A man escaped from the battle and came." +"A man escaped from the battle and came" -## He was living ## +# He was living "Abram was living." This introduces background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## oaks ## +# were all allies of Abram -See how you translated "oak" in [Genesis 12:6](../12/06.md). +"were treaty-partners with Abram" or "had a peace agreement with Abram" -## were all allies of Abram ## +# his relative -"were treaty-partners with Abram" or "had a peace agreement with Abram." +This is a reference to Abram's nephew Lot. -## his relative ## +# 318 trained men -This refers to Lot. +"three hundred and eighteen trained men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## trained men ## +# trained men "men who were trained to fight" -## men, born in his house ## +# men who had been born in his house "men who were born in Abram's household." They were children of Abram's servants. -## pursued them ## +# pursued them "chased them" -## Dan ## +# Dan This is a city in the far north of Canaan, far from Abram's camp. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/15.md b/gen/14/15.md index f166bc1a06..2e5a48f3d1 100644 --- a/gen/14/15.md +++ b/gen/14/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## He divided his men against them at night and struck them ## +# He divided his men against them at night and attacked them -This probably refers to a battle strategy: "Abram divided the men into several groups, and they attacked their enemies from various directions" (UDB). +This probably refers to a battle strategy. "Abram divided the men into several groups, and they attacked their enemies from various directions" -## struck them ## - -"attacked them" - -## all the possessions ## +# all the possessions This refers to the things that the enemies had stolen from the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. -## and his goods ## +# his goods -"and Lot's property that the enemies had stolen from Lot" +"Lot's property that the enemies had stolen from Lot" -## as well as the women and the other people ## +# as well as the women and the other people -"as well as the captured women and other people" \ No newline at end of file +"as well as the women and other people that the four kings had captured" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/17.md b/gen/14/17.md index ef803086e9..f472155f9f 100644 --- a/gen/14/17.md +++ b/gen/14/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## returned ## +# returned -The implied information about where he was returning to can be made explicit: "returned to where he was living." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The implied information about where he was returning to can be made explicit. AT: "returned to where he was living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Melchizedek, king of Salem ## +# Melchizedek, king of Salem This is the first time this king is mentioned. -## bread and wine ## +# bread and wine -People commonly ate bread and wine. See how you translated "bread" in [Genesis 3:17](../03/17.md) and "wine" in [Genesis 9:20](../09/20.md). \ No newline at end of file +People commonly ate bread and wine. See how you translated "bread" in [Genesis 3:19](../03/17.md) and "wine" in [Genesis 9:21](../09/20.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/19.md b/gen/14/19.md index 8df27195c9..90eb15ff2b 100644 --- a/gen/14/19.md +++ b/gen/14/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## He blessed him ## +# He blessed him King Melchizedek blessed Abram. -## Blessed be Abram by God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth ## +# Blessed be Abram by God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth -This can also be translated with an active clause: "May God Most High, the Creator of heaven and earth, bless Abram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May God Most High, the Creator of heaven and earth, bless Abram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## God Most High, who has delivered ## +# heaven -The phrase starting with "who has delivered" tells us something more about God Most High. You can also translate this as "God Most High, because he has delivered." +This refers to the place where God lives. -## Blessed be God Most High ## +# God Most High, who has given -This is a way of praising God. See how you translated "Blessed be" in [Genesis 9:26](../09/26.md). +"God Most High, because he has given." The phrase starting with "who has given" tells us something more about God Most High. -## into your hand ## +# Blessed be God Most High + +This is a way of praising God. See how you translated "blessed be" in [Genesis 9:26](../09/26.md). + +# into your hand "into your control" or "into your power" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/21.md b/gen/14/21.md index 69b27dc90e..a4c1e5e56f 100644 --- a/gen/14/21.md +++ b/gen/14/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Give me the people ## +# Give me the people -The phrase "the people" may refer to the people of Sodom that the enemies had captured. Abram rescued them when he rescued Lot +The phrase "the people" may refer to the people of Sodom that the enemies had captured. Abram rescued them when he rescued Lot. -## I have lifted up my hand ## +# I have lifted up my hand This means "I have taken an oath" or "I have made a promise." -## I will take nothing except what the young men have eaten ## +# I will take nothing except what the young men have eaten -This can be translated as "I take from you only what my young men have already eaten." Abram was refusing to accept anything for himself, but acknowledged that the soldiers had eaten some of the supplies during the journey back to Sodom after the battle. +"I take from you only what my young men have already eaten." Abram was refusing to accept anything for himself, but acknowledged that the soldiers had eaten some of the supplies during the journey back to Sodom after the battle. -## the share of the men that went with me ## +# the share of the men that went with me -This can be made more explicit: "the share of the recovered property that belongs to the men who helped me get it back." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "the share of the recovered property that belongs to the men who helped me get it back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre ## +# Aner, Eshkol, and Mamre -These are the allies of Abram (See: [Genesis 14:13](./13.md)). Because they were Abram's allies they fought battles alongside him. You can make this more explicit: "my allies Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre." \ No newline at end of file +These are the allies of Abram (See: [Genesis 14:13](./13.md)). Because they were Abram's allies they fought battles alongside him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "my allies Aner, Eshkol, and Mamre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/14/intro.md b/gen/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..23fd86b41a --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Genesis 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other translations indent the lines 14:19-20, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Names of places ##### +Sometimes the names of places in Scripture are referred to by the name used during the time of the writer. For example, the location referred to as Dan was not yet known by that name because Dan had not yet come to live there. Moses, the author of Genesis, would have known this location as Dan. + +##### Melchizedek ##### +Melchizedek was both a priest and a king. Because of this, he parallels the roles of Jesus. Melchizedek is an important figure in the book of Hebrews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### God Most High ##### + +Melchizedek worshiped the God Most High. This is probably a reference to the true and only God who created the heavens and the earth and came to be known as Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/15/01.md b/gen/15/01.md index 84768ff750..1859b6884b 100644 --- a/gen/15/01.md +++ b/gen/15/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## After these things ## +# After these things -These things refers to when the kings fought and Abram rescued Lot. +"These things" refers to when the kings fought and Abram rescued Lot. -## the word of Yahweh came to Abram in a vision ## +# the word of Yahweh came to Abram in a vision, saying, -"Yahweh spoke to Abram in a vision." The phrase "the word of the Yahweh came" is often used in the Bible to introduce an account in which God gives a message to a prophet. +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Abram in a vision. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Abram in a vision:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## shield ... reward ## +# shield ... reward God used these two metaphors to tell Abram about his character and his relationship to Abram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I am your shield ## +# I am your shield -Soldiers use a shield to protect themselves from their enemies. This can also be translated as a simile: "I will protect you like shield" or "I am your shield to protect you." +Soldiers use a shield to protect themselves from their enemies. AT: "I will protect you like shield" or "I am your shield to protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## reward ## +# reward -This can be translated as "payment." It refers to the payment a person deserves. "I am the treasure that you will receive." Abram had not accepted the reward that the king of Sodom had offered him. God was saying that he would give Abram everything he needed. Two possible interpretations are 1) "I am all that you need" or 2) "I will give you all you need." +"payment." This refers to the payment a person deserves. Two possible meanings are 1) "I am all that you need" or 2) "I will give you all you need." -## Abram said, "Since you have given me ## +# Abram said, "Since you have given me -Since Abram had already been speaking, "Abram said" can be translated as "Abram continued speaking and said" or it can be deleted. \ No newline at end of file +"Abram continued speaking and said, 'Since you have given me'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/15/04.md b/gen/15/04.md index 4adb2e6ef1..e75625b66c 100644 --- a/gen/15/04.md +++ b/gen/15/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Then, behold, the word of Yahweh came to him ## +# Then, behold -The word "behold" emphasizes the fact that the word of Yahweh came to Abraham again, as in [Genesis 15:1](./01.md). This could be translated as "Then, the word of Yahweh came to him again." +The word "behold" emphasizes the fact that the word of Yahweh came to Abraham again. -## This man will not be your heir ## +# the word of Yahweh came to him, saying, -The phrase "This man" refers to Eliezer of Damascus. It can also be translated as "Your servant will not be your heir." +The idiom "The word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this idiom in [Genesis 15:1](./01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave him a message. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to him:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the one who will come from your own body ## +# This man -This can be translated as "the one that you will father" or "your very own son." Abram's own son would become his heir. +This refers to Eliezer of Damascus. -## number the stars ## +# the one who will come from your own body + +"the one that you will father" or "your very own son." Abram's own son would become his heir. + +# number the stars "count the stars" -## So will your descendants be ## +# So will your descendants be Just as Abram would not be able to count all the stars, he would not be able to count all his descendants because there would be so many. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/15/06.md b/gen/15/06.md index 3bfb15258b..8332fe527a 100644 --- a/gen/15/06.md +++ b/gen/15/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## he counted it to him as righteousness ## +# He believed Yahweh + +This means he accepted and trusted what Yahweh said was true. + +# he counted it to him as righteousness "Yahweh counted Abram's belief as righteousness" or "Yahweh considered Abram righteous because Abram believed him" -## I am Yahweh that brought you out of Ur ## +# I am Yahweh, who brought you out of Ur Yahweh was reminding Abraham of what he had already done so that Abraham would know that Yahweh had the power to give Abram what he promised him. -## to inherit it ## +# to inherit it -This can be translated as "to receive it" or "so that you will possess it." +"to receive it" or "so that you will possess it" -## how will I know ## +# how will I know Abram was asking for more proof that Yahweh would give him the land. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/15/09.md b/gen/15/09.md index 4cb3861b09..48321ee04e 100644 --- a/gen/15/09.md +++ b/gen/15/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## heifer ## - -a young female cow - -## the carcasses ## +# the carcasses "the dead bodies of the animals and birds" -## Abram drove them away ## +# Abram drove them away "Abram chased the birds away." He made sure the birds did not eat the dead animals. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/15/12.md b/gen/15/12.md index 00868a1c99..44cbd5f765 100644 --- a/gen/15/12.md +++ b/gen/15/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Abram fell sound asleep ## +# Abram fell sound asleep -"A deep sleep fell on Abram." +This is an idiom. AT: "Abraham slept deeply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## fell sound asleep ## +# a deep and terrifying darkness -"fell into a very deep sleep" or "slept deeply." It means that he was very much asleep. +"an extreme darkness that terrified him" -## deep and terrifying darkness ## - -"extreme darkness that that terrified him" - -## overwhelmed him ## +# overwhelmed him "surrounded him" -## strangers ## +# strangers "aliens" or "foreigners" -## and will be enslaved and oppressed ## +# will be enslaved and oppressed -This can also be translated with an active clause: "and the owners of that land will enslave your descendants and oppress them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the owners of that land will enslave your descendants and oppress them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/15/14.md b/gen/15/14.md index a85bcdcf30..92f5ea57ac 100644 --- a/gen/15/14.md +++ b/gen/15/14.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continued to speak to Abram while Abram dreamed. -## that they will serve ## +# I will judge -"that your descendants will serve" +Here "judge" is a metonym for what will happen after God makes the judgment. AT: "I will punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## abundant possessions ## +# that they will serve -"many possessions" or "great wealth" +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "that your descendants will serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## you will go to your fathers ## +# abundant possessions -"you will go to your ancestors." This means "you will die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "many possessions" or "great wealth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you will be buried in a good old age ## +# you will go to your fathers -This can be translated as "you will be very old when you die and your family buries your body." +This is a polite way of saying "you will die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## In the fourth generation ## +# fathers -In this verse, one generation apparently refers to a lifespan of 100 years. Therefore it could be translated as "After four hundred years." +The word "fathers" is a synecdoche for all ancestors. AT: "ancestors" or "ancestral fathers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## they will come here again ## +# you will be buried in a good old age + +"you will be very old when you die and your family buries your body" + +# In the fourth generation + +Here one generation refers to a lifespan of 100 years. "After four hundred years" + +# they will come here again "your descendants will come back here." Abraham's descendants would come to the land where Abram was then living, the land that Yahweh had promised to give to him. -## has not reached its limit ## +# has not yet reached its limit -"is not yet complete." It can also be translated as "will get much worse before I punish them." \ No newline at end of file +"is not yet complete" or "will get much worse before I punish them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/15/17.md b/gen/15/17.md index 95b17da15e..deece2e9fc 100644 --- a/gen/15/17.md +++ b/gen/15/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## a smoking fire pot and a flaming torch passed between the pieces ## +# a smoking fire pot and a flaming torch passed between the pieces God did this to show Abram that he was making a covenant with him. -## passed between the pieces ## +# passed between the pieces -This can also be translated as "passed through between the two rows of animal pieces." +"passed through between the two rows of animal pieces" -## I hereby give this land ## +# covenant + +In this covenant God promises to bless Abram, and he will continue to bless him as long as Abram follows him. + +# I hereby give this land By saying this, God was giving the land to Abram's descendants. God was doing this then, but the descendants would not go into the land until many years later. -## the great river, the Euphrates River ## +# the great river, the Euphrates -"the large river, the Euphrates River." This is two ways of referring to the same river. +"the large river, the Euphrates." These are two ways of referring to the same river. -## the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Rephaites, the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites ## +# the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Rephaites, the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites -These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would would allow Abraham's descendants to conquer these people and take their land. \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would allow Abraham's descendants to conquer these people and take their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/15/intro.md b/gen/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a53c6cbc77 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 15 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Inheritance ##### +In the ancient Near East, a person's children inherited the property and land of their parents. Abraham doubted the fulfillment of God's covenant because he did not have any children to whom to give his land. This showed a lack of faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]],[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### Fulfilling a promise ##### +In the ancient Near East, two people performed a similar sacrifice by dividing animals in half. It was a way to say to the other person, "may this happen to me if I do not fulfill my promise." The event recorded here indicates that God will fulfill his promise and only he is responsible for bringing it about. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### God's covenant with Abraham ##### + +God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. This covenant has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/16/01.md b/gen/16/01.md index a97a5fa841..53784fad2b 100644 --- a/gen/16/01.md +++ b/gen/16/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story and background information about Sarai. +This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story and background information about Sarai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## female servant ## +# female servant "slave-girl." This type of slave would serve the woman of the household. -## from having children ## +# from having children -"from giving birth to children." +"from giving birth to children" -## sleep with my servant ## +# I will have children by her -This is a polite way of saying "have sexual relations with my servant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"I will build my family through her" -## I will have children by her ## +# Abram listened to the voice of Sarai -This could be translated as "I will build my family through her." +"Abram did what Sarai said" -## Abram listened to the voice of Sarai ## - -This could be translated as "Abram did what Sarai said." - -## she looked with contempt on her mistress ## +# she looked with contempt on her mistress "she despised her mistress" or "she thought that she was more valuable than her mistress" -## her mistress ## +# her mistress -This refers to Sarai. A mistress has authority over her slave. It can also be translated as "her owner" or in this verse as "Sarai." \ No newline at end of file +Here this refers to Sarai. A mistress has authority over her slave. AT: "her owner" or "Sarai" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/16/05.md b/gen/16/05.md index cd0d235f32..4cb283b226 100644 --- a/gen/16/05.md +++ b/gen/16/05.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## This wrong on me ## +# This wrong on me "This injustice against me" -## is because of you ## +# is because of you -"is your responsibility" or "is your fault." This whole sentence can be translated as "It is because of you that I have been treated wrong" or "It is your fault that Hagar is doing wrong to me." +"is your responsibility" or "is your fault" -## I gave my servant woman into your embrace ## +# I gave my servant woman into your embrace -This can be translated as "I gave you my servant so that you would embrace her." Sarai used the word "embrace" here to refer to having sexual relations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]). +Sarai used the word "embrace" here to refer to him sleeping with her. AT: "I gave you my servant so that you would sleep with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## I was despised in her eyes ## +# I was despised in her eyes -AT: "she hated me" or "she began to hate me" or "she thought she was better than me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). +This can be active. AT: "she hated me" or "she began to hate me" or "she thought she was better than me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Let Yahweh judge between me and you ## +# Let Yahweh judge between me and you -"Let Yahweh say whether this is my fault or your fault" or “Let Yahweh decide which one of us is right” +"I want Yahweh to say whether this is my fault or your fault" or "I want Yahweh to decide which one of us is right." The phrase "to judge between" means to decide which person is right in a dispute between them. -## See here ## +# See here "Listen to me" or "Pay attention" -## in your power ## +# in your power "under your authority" -## Sarai dealt harshly with her ## +# Sarai dealt harshly with her "Sarai treated Hagar very badly" -## and she fled from her ## +# she fled from her -"and Hagar fled from Sarai" \ No newline at end of file +"Hagar fled from Sarai" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/16/07.md b/gen/16/07.md index e0e0bbf69d..6c2067109d 100644 --- a/gen/16/07.md +++ b/gen/16/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## The angel of Yahweh ## +# The angel of Yahweh -Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel, or 2) this was one of Yahweh's angels, or 3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as "the angel of Yahweh" using the normal word that you use for "angel." +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or 2) this was one of Yahweh's angels or 3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as "the angel of Yahweh" using the normal word that you use for "angel." -## Shur ## +# wilderness + +The wilderness area she went to was a desert. AT: "desert" + +# Shur This was the name of a place south of Canaan and east of Egypt. -## wilderness ## +# my mistress -This can be translated here as "desert." The wilderness area she went to was a desert. - -## my mistress ## - -This was a title for Sarah that showed her authority over her servant, Hagar. This can also be translated as "my owner." \ No newline at end of file +Here this refers to Sarai. A mistress has authority over her slave. See how "her mistress" is translated in [Genesis 16:4](./01.md). AT: "my owner" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/16/09.md b/gen/16/09.md index f21d9cf8a7..8f84877ba3 100644 --- a/gen/16/09.md +++ b/gen/16/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## The angel of Yahweh said to her ## +# The angel of Yahweh said to her "The angel of Yahweh said to Hagar" -## The angel of Yahweh ## +# the angel of Yahweh See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](./07.md). -## your mistress ## +# your mistress -This refers to Sarai. Sarai had authority over her servant, Hagar. "Your mistress" can also be translated as "your owner" or "Sarai." +Sarai. See how "her mistress" is translated in [Genesis 16:4](./01.md). -## the angel of Yahweh said to her "I ## +# the angel of Yahweh said to her, "I When he said "I," he was referring to Yahweh. When translating what is in the quote, do it as the angel of Yahweh did and use the word "I" when referring to Yahweh. -## I will greatly multiply your descendants ## +# I will greatly multiply your descendants "I will give you very many descendants" -## too numerous to count ## +# too numerous to count -"so many that no one will be able to count them." \ No newline at end of file +"so many that no one will be able to count them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/16/11.md b/gen/16/11.md index 6f286d9cd6..9707bc1e4a 100644 --- a/gen/16/11.md +++ b/gen/16/11.md @@ -1,39 +1,43 @@ -## The angel of Yahweh ## +# The angel of Yahweh See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](./07.md). -## Behold ## +# Behold -"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention." +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention" -## bear a son ## +# bear a son -"give birth to a son." +"give birth to a son" -## you will call his name ## +# you will call his name "you will name him." The word "you" refers to Hagar. -## Ishmael, because Yahweh has heard ## +# Ishmael, because Yahweh has heard Translators may add a footnote that says "The name 'Ishmael' means 'God has heard.'" -## He will be a wild donkey of a man ## +# affliction -This metaphor can be translated as a simile: "He will be like a wild donkey among men." This was not an insult. It may mean that Ishmael would be independent and strong like a wild donkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +She has been afflicted by distress and suffering. -## He will be hostile against every man ## +# He will be a wild donkey of a man + +This was not an insult. It may mean that Ishmael would be independent and strong like a wild donkey. AT: "He will be like a wild donkey among men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will be hostile against every man "He will be every man's enemy" -## every man will be hostile to him ## +# every man will be hostile to him "everyone will be his enemy" -## he will live apart from ## +# he will live apart from -This can also mean "he will live in hostility with" +This can also mean "he will live in hostility with." -## brothers ## +# brothers "relatives" or "kin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/16/13.md b/gen/16/13.md index 5302b542cf..d7bb0ed085 100644 --- a/gen/16/13.md +++ b/gen/16/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Yahweh who spoke to her ## +# Yahweh who spoke to her -This can be translated as "Yahweh, because he spoke to her." +"Yahweh, because he spoke to her" -## Do I really continue to see, even after he has seen me? ## +# Do I really continue to see, ... me? -Hagar used this rhetorical question to express her amazement that she was still alive even after she met God. People expected that if they met God, they would die. It can also be translated as an exclamation as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Hagar used this rhetorical question to express her amazement that she was still alive even after she met God. People expected that if they met God, they would die. Here seeing represents living. AT: "I am surprised that I am still alive, ... me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Do I really continue to see ## +# Therefore the well was called Beer Lahai Roi -In this verse "see" is metonym that means "live." It can be translated as "Do I really continue to live?" ((See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Translators may add a footnote that says "Beer Lahai Roi means 'the well of the living one who sees me.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Therefore the well was called Beerlahairoi ## +# behold, it is between Kadesh and Bered -Translators may add a footnote that says "Beerlahairoi means 'the well of the living one who sees me.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## behold, it is between Kadesh and Bered ## - -The word “behold” here draws attention to the fact that the well was in a place that the author and his readers knew. You can also translate it here as "it is between Kadesh and Bered" or "In fact, it is between Kadesh and Bered." \ No newline at end of file +The word "behold" here draws attention to the fact that the well was in a place that the author and his readers knew. AT: "in fact, it is between Kadesh and Bered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/16/15.md b/gen/16/15.md index cbf3fd2550..89a7a1fba2 100644 --- a/gen/16/15.md +++ b/gen/16/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Hagar gave birth ## +# Hagar gave birth -Hagar's return to Sarai and Abram is implict. You can make this more explicit: "So Hagar went back and gave birth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). +Hagar's return to Sarai and Abram is implict. You can make this more explicit. AT: "So Hagar went back and gave birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## named his son, whom Hagar bore ## +# named his son, whom Hagar bore "named his son by Hagar" or "named his and Hagar's son" -## Abram was ## +# Abram was This introduces background information about Abram's age when these things happened. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## bore Ishmael to Abram ## +# bore Ishmael to Abram This means "gave birth to Abram's son, Ishmael." The focus is on Abram having a son. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/16/intro.md b/gen/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a824132023 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Genesis 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 16:11-14, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Plural marriage ##### +Abram married Hagar while he was also married to Sarai. Even though Abram had his wife's permission, this was an immoral and sinful action. It also showed a lack of faith in God. Sarai quickly became jealous of Hagar. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/01.md b/gen/17/01.md index 54416546fe..40fb4e58d5 100644 --- a/gen/17/01.md +++ b/gen/17/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## When Abram was ninety-nine years old ## +# When Abram was ninety-nine years old -nine years old** - This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## God Almighty ## +# God Almighty "the all-powerful God" or "the God who has all power" -## Walk before me ## +# Walk before me -Walking is a metaphor for living. This can be translated as "Live before me" or "Live in my sight." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Walking is a metaphor for living, and "before me" or "in my presence" here is a metaphor for obedience. AT: "Live the way I want you to" or "Obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Then I will confirm ## +# Then I will confirm "If you do this, then I will confirm" -## I will confirm my covenant ## +# I will confirm my covenant "I will give my covenant" or "I will make my covenant" -## multiply you exceedingly ## +# covenant -"greatly increase the number of your descendants" or "give you very many descendants" \ No newline at end of file +In this covenant God promises to bless Abram, but he also requires Abram to obey him. + +# multiply you exceedingly + +Here "multiply you" is an idiom that means he will give him more descendants. AT: "greatly increase the number of your descendants" or "give you very many descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/03.md b/gen/17/03.md index 6b424145e1..520f22c140 100644 --- a/gen/17/03.md +++ b/gen/17/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## Abram bowed low with his face to the ground ## +# Abram bowed low with his face to the ground -This can also be translated as "Abram threw himself face down on the ground" or "Abraham immediately lay down with his face to the ground." He did this to show that he respected God and would obey him. +"Abram threw himself face down on the ground" or "Abraham immediately lay down with his face to the ground." He did this to show that he respected God and would obey him. -## As for me ## +# As for me God used this phrase to introduce what he would do for Abram as part of his covenant with Abram. -## behold, my covenant is with you ## +# behold, my covenant is with you The word "behold" here says that what comes next is certain: "my covenant is certainly with you." -## the father of a multitude of nations ## +# the father of a multitude of nations -"the father of a great number of nations" or "the ancestor of many nations" +"the father of a great number of nations" or "the one after whom many nations name themselves" -## Abraham ## +# Abraham -Translators may add the following footnote: The name "Abram" means "exalted father" and the name "Abraham" sounds like "father of a multitude". +Translators may add the following footnote: The name "Abram" means "exalted father" and the name "Abraham" sounds like "father of a multitude." -## I will make you exceedingly fruitful ## +# I will make you exceedingly fruitful -This can be translated as "I will cause you to have many offspring." +"I will cause you to have very many descendants" -## I will make nations of you ## +# I will make nations of you "I will cause your descendants to become nations" -## kings will descend from you ## +# kings will descend from you -This can be translated as "among your descendants there will be kings" or "some of your descendants will be kings." \ No newline at end of file +"among your descendants there will be kings" or "some of your descendants will be kings" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/07.md b/gen/17/07.md index a2a80d729f..b31c7dc0cd 100644 --- a/gen/17/07.md +++ b/gen/17/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + God continues speaking to Abraham. -## throughout their generations ## +# throughout their generations "for each generation" -## for an everlasting covenant ## +# for an everlasting covenant -"as a covenant that will last forever" It can also be translated as "And this covenant will last forever." +"as a covenant that will last forever" -## to be God to you and to your descendants after you ## +# to be God to you and to your descendants after you -This can be translated as "to be your God and your descendants' God" or "I will be your God and your descendants' God." +"to be your God and your descendants' God" or "covenant" -## for an everlasting possession ## +# Canaan, for an everlasting possession -"as an everlasting possession" or "to possess forever." It can also be translated as "And it will belong to your descendants forever." \ No newline at end of file +"Canaan, as an everlasting possession" or "Canaan, to possess forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/09.md b/gen/17/09.md index 198ce98a00..fde56dc78d 100644 --- a/gen/17/09.md +++ b/gen/17/09.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## As for you ## +# As for you -God used this phrase to introduce what Abram would have to do as part of God's covenant with him. +God uses this phrase to introduce what Abram would have to do as part of God's covenant with him. -## keep my covenant ## +# keep my covenant "observe my covenant" or "honor my covenant" or "obey my covenant" -## This is my covenant ## +# This is my covenant "This is a requirement of my covenant" or "This is part of my covenant." This sentence introduces the part of the covenant that Abram must do. -## Every male among you must be circumcised ## +# Every male among you must be circumcised -If needed, this can be translated as "You must circumcise every male among you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "You must circumcise every male among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Every male ## +# Every male This refers to human males. -## You must be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin ## +# You must be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin -Some communities may prefer a less descriptive expression such as "you must be circumcised." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Some communities may prefer a less descriptive expression such as "You must be circumcised." If your translation of "be circumcised" already includes the word for "foreskin", you do not need to repeat it. This can be made active. AT: "You must circumcise every male among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the sign of the covenant ## +# the sign of the covenant -"the sign marking the covenant" or "the sign that shows the covenant exists" +"the sign that shows that the covenant exists" -## the sign ## +# the sign -Possible meanings are 1) “the sign” or 2) “a sign.” The first means that there was one sign, and the second means that there may have been more than one sign. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "the sign" or 2) "a sign." The first means that there was one sign, and the second means that there may have been more than one sign. Here the word "sign" means a reminder of something that God had promised. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/12.md b/gen/17/12.md index aed55669f9..2a2c27d769 100644 --- a/gen/17/12.md +++ b/gen/17/12.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + God continues speaking to Abraham. -## Every male ## +# Every male "Every human male" -## throughout your people's generations ## +# throughout your people's generations "in every generation" -## him who is bought with money ## +# him who is bought with money -"any male that you buy." This refers to slaves. +This refers to slaves. This can be stated in active form. AT: "any male that you buy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## my covenant will be in your flesh ## +# my covenant will be in your flesh -"my covenant will be marked in your flesh" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will mark my covenant in your flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for an everlasting covenant ## +# for an everlasting covenant -"as an permanent covenant." Because it was marked in flesh, it could not easily be erased. +"as a permanent covenant." Because it was marked in flesh, no one could easily erase it. -## uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin ## +# uncircumcised male who is not circumcised -The word "uncircumcised" and the phrase following "male" mean the same thing. Hebrew often says the same thing twice. Translators will have to decide whether they can do that in their language. +This can be stated in active form, and you may leave out words that will give wrong meaning in your language. AT: "male whom you have not circumcised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## will be cut off from his people ## +# Any uncircumcised male ... foreskin will be cut off from his people -This means either "will be separated from his people" or "will be destroyed from among his people." +Possible meanings are 1) "I will cut off any uncircumcised male ... foreskin from his people" or 2) "I want you to cut off any uncircumcised male ... foreskin from his people." -## He has broken my covenant ## +# cut off from his people + +Possible meanings are 1) "killed" or 2) "sent away from the community." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# He has broken my covenant "He has not obeyed the rules of my covenant." This is the reason that he would be cut off from his people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/15.md b/gen/17/15.md index 294c8db429..499725eaf7 100644 --- a/gen/17/15.md +++ b/gen/17/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## As for Sarai ## +# As for Sarai The words "As for" introduce the next person God talks about. -## I will give you a son by her ## +# I will give you a son by her "I will make her bear a son for you" -## she will become the mother of nations ## +# she will become the mother of nations -"she will be the ancestor of many nations" (UDB) or "her descendants will become nations" +"she will be the ancestor of many nations" or "her descendants will become nations" -## Kings of peoples will come from her ## +# Kings of peoples will come from her "Kings of peoples will descend from her" or "Some of her descendants will be kings of peoples" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/17.md b/gen/17/17.md index 66f8fdeae4..abbca80215 100644 --- a/gen/17/17.md +++ b/gen/17/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## said in his heart ## +# said in his heart -This can also be translated as "thought to himself" or "said to himself silently." +"thought to himself" or "said to himself silently" -## Can a man who is a hundred years old father a child? ## +# Can a child be born to a man who is a hundred years old? -Abraham used this rhetorical question because he did not believe that this could happen. It could also be translated as a statement: "Surely a man who is a hundred years old could not father a child." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +Abraham used this rhetorical question because he did not believe that this could happen. AT: "Surely a man who is a hundred years old cannot father a child!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Can Sarah, who is ninety years old, bear a son? ## +# How can Sarah, who is ninety years old, bear a son? -Again Abraham used a rhetorical question because he did not believe this could happen. The relative clause "who is ninety years old" could be expressed as a separate sentence: "Sarah is ninety years old. Could she bear a son?" or "Sarah is ninety years old. Surely she could not bear a son." (See the section on clauses in [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]]) +Again Abraham used a rhetorical question because he did not believe this could happen. The phrase "who is ninety years old" tells why Abraham did not believe that Sarah could bear a son. AT: "Sarah is ninety years old. Could she bear a son?" or "Sarah is ninety years old. Surely she could not bear a son!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) -## Oh that Ishmael might live before you ## +# Oh that Ishmael might live before you -Abraham suggested something that he believed really could happen. It can also be translated as "Please let Ishmael inherit the covenant that you have made with me" or "Perhaps Ishmael could receive your covenant blessing." \ No newline at end of file +"Please let Ishmael inherit the covenant that you have made with me" or "Perhaps Ishmael could receive your covenant blessing." Abraham suggested something that he believed really could happen. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/19.md b/gen/17/19.md index 76a694cf35..46678b42e6 100644 --- a/gen/17/19.md +++ b/gen/17/19.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## No, but Sarah your wife will bear ## +# No, but Sarah your wife will bear God said this to correct Abraham's belief that Sarah could not have a son. -## you must name him ## +# you must name him The word "you" refers to Abraham. -## As for Ishmael ## +# As for Ishmael The words "As for" show that God is switching from talking about the baby that would be born to talking about Ishmael. -## leaders of tribes ## +# Behold -"chiefs" or "rulers" +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## Behold ## +# will make him fruitful -This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." +This is an idiom that means "will cause him to have many children." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I will make him fruitful ## +# will multiply him abundantly -This is figurative language that means "I will cause him to have many children." +"I will cause him to have many descendants" -## and will multiply him abundantly ## +# leaders of tribes -"and I will cause him to have many descendants" +"chiefs" or "rulers." These leaders are not the twelve sons and grandsons of Jacob that will lead the twelve tribes of Israel. -## But my covenant I will establish with Isaac ## +# But my covenant I will establish with Isaac -God returned to talking about his covenant and emphasized that it would be with Isaac, not with Ishmael. \ No newline at end of file +God returns to talking about his covenant with Abraham and emphasizes that he would fulfill his promise with Isaac, not with Ishmael. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/22.md b/gen/17/22.md index 29b087175d..e686325cee 100644 --- a/gen/17/22.md +++ b/gen/17/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## When he had finished talking with him ## +# When he had finished talking with him "When God had finished talking with Abraham" -## God went up from Abraham ## +# God went up from Abraham "God left Abraham" -## every male among the men of Abraham's household ## +# every male among the men of Abraham's household "every human male in Abraham's household" or "every male person in Abraham's household." It refers to human males of all ages: babies, boys, and men. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/24.md b/gen/17/24.md index 84095be331..c816f823ae 100644 --- a/gen/17/24.md +++ b/gen/17/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## including those born into the household and those bought with money from a foreigner ## +# including those born into the household and those bought with money from a foreigner "This includes those who were born in his household and those he had bought from foreigners" -## those bought with money from a foreigner ## +# those bought with money from a foreigner -This refers to servants or slaves. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to servants or slaves. + +# those bought + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom he had bought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/17/intro.md b/gen/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fa9f0c204f --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Genesis 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The father of a multitude of nations" ##### +Abram came to have many descendants. He had so many descendants that many of his immediate descendants became large people groups and nations. + +##### God's covenant with Abraham ##### + +God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. It is important to note in this chapter that Isaac is the son who receives the promises associated with the covenant and not Ishmael. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### Circumcision ##### +Circumcision was an unusual practice in the ancient Near East. It served to separate the Hebrew people from the rest of the world. This chapter records the beginning of this practice among Abraham and his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]]) + +##### Name change ##### +In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person's life. The beginning of the practice of circumcision was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/01.md b/gen/18/01.md index 5c6f75ddee..4c4d43b1ee 100644 --- a/gen/18/01.md +++ b/gen/18/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## oaks ## - -See how you translated “oak” in [Genesis 12:6](../12/06.md). - -## Mamre ## +# Mamre This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees. -## in the tent doorway ## +# in the tent doorway "at the opening of the tent" or "at the entrance of the tent" -## heat of the day ## +# heat of the day "hottest time of day" -## He looked up and, behold, he saw three men standing ## +# He looked up and, behold, he saw three men standing "He looked up and saw, and behold, three men were standing" -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here shows us that what follows was surprising to Abraham. It can be translated here as "suddenly." +"suddenly." The word "behold" here shows us that what follows was surprising to Abraham. -## across from him ## +# across from him -"nearby" or "there." They were near him, but far enough away for him to run to them. \ No newline at end of file +"nearby" or "there." They were near him, but far enough away for him to run to them. + +# bowed + +This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/03.md b/gen/18/03.md index 313f28be97..ca316b8e44 100644 --- a/gen/18/03.md +++ b/gen/18/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## Lord ## +# Lord -This is a title of respect. Possible meanings are 1) Abraham knew that one of these men was God, or 2) Abraham knew that these men came on behalf of God. +This is a title of respect. Possible meanings are 1) Abraham knew that one of these men was God or 2) Abraham knew that these men came on behalf of God. -## if I have found favor in your sight ## +# if I have found favor in your eyes -Abraham was speaking to one of the men. The word "your" in verse 3 is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here "found favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "if you have evaluated me and approve" or "if you are pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## do not pass by ## +# in your eyes + +Abraham is speaking to one of the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# do not pass by "please do not keep on going" -## your servant ## +# your servant -Abraham referred to himself this way in order to show respect to his guest. It could also be translated here as "me." +"me." Abraham refers to himself this way in order to show respect to his guest. -## Let a little water be brought ## +# Let a little water be brought -This can also be translated with an active verb: "Let me bring you some water" or "My servant will bring you some water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let me bring you some water" or "My servant will bring you some water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## a little water…a little food ## +# a little water ... a little food -Saying "little" was a polite way of showing generosity. Abraham would give them more than enough water and food. It can also be translated as "some water…some food." +"some water ... some food." Saying "little" was a polite way of showing generosity. Abraham would give them more than enough water and food. -## wash your feet ## +# wash your feet This custom helped tired travelers to refresh themselves after walking long distances. -## your … you ## +# your ... you -When Abraham spoke in verses 4 and 5, the words "you" and "your" are plural. He was offering the water, food, and rest to all three of the men. \ No newline at end of file +Abraham speaks to all three of the men, so "you" and "your" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/06.md b/gen/18/06.md index f836fc901a..a4803710d9 100644 --- a/gen/18/06.md +++ b/gen/18/06.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## three seahs ## +# three seahs -about 22 liters (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +about 22 liters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## bread ## +# bread This bread was probably cooked quickly on a hot stone. It may have been flat or round like small loaves or rolls. -## he hurried to prepare it ## +# he hurried -The word "he" refers to the servant. +"the servant hurried" -## to prepare it ## +# to prepare it -This can be translated more specifically as "to cut it up and roast it." +"to cut it up and roast it" -## curds ## +# curds This refers to the solid part of fermented milk. It may have been yogurt or cheese. -## the calf that had been prepared ## +# the calf that had been prepared "the roasted calf" -## and placed the food before them ## +# before them -The word "them" refers to the three visitors. \ No newline at end of file +"before the three visitors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/09.md b/gen/18/09.md index 9145a6aeb2..37c1c19f58 100644 --- a/gen/18/09.md +++ b/gen/18/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## They said to him ## +# They said to him "Then they said to Abraham" -## He said, "I will certainly return to you…" ## +# He said, "I will certainly return to you -The word "He" refers to the Lord. This is the one that Abraham called "Lord" in [Genesis 18:3](./03.md). +The word "He" refers to the man whom Abraham called "Lord" in [Genesis 18:3](./03.md). -## behold ## +# in the springtime -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +"when this same season comes next year" or "about this time next year" -## when the season comes around ## +# see -This can be translated as "when this season comes around next year" or "about this time next year" (UDB). +The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## behold ## - -This can be translated as “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” - -## in the tent doorway ## +# in the tent doorway "at the opening of the tent" or "at the entrance of the tent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/11.md b/gen/18/11.md index af11eefe20..392c8ec9c9 100644 --- a/gen/18/11.md +++ b/gen/18/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## will I have this pleasure ## +# After I am worn-out and my master is old, will I now have this pleasure? -You may want to add "of having a baby" (UDB). Sarah used this rhetorical question because she did not believe that she could have a child. This means "I cannot believe that I will experience the joy of having a child." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +You may want to add "of having a baby." Sarah used this rhetorical question because she did not believe that she could have a child. AT: "I cannot believe that I will experience the joy of having a child. My master is also too old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## my master being old also ## +# my master is old This means "since my husband is also old." -## my master ## +# my master This is a title of respect that Sarah gave to her husband Abraham. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/13.md b/gen/18/13.md index fa7b10a766..41239fc83b 100644 --- a/gen/18/13.md +++ b/gen/18/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Why did Sarah laugh and say ## +# Why did Sarah laugh and say, 'Will I really bear a child, when I am old'? -God used this rhetorical question to show that he knew what Sarah was thinking and that he was not pleased with it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +God used this rhetorical question to show that he knew what Sarah was thinking and that he was not pleased with it. He repeats Sarah's rhetorical question ([Genesis 18:12](./11.md)) using different words. AT: "Sarah was wrong to laugh and say, 'I will not bear a child because I am too old!'"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Is anything too hard for Yahweh? ## +# Is anything too hard for Yahweh? -"Is there anything too difficult for Yahweh to do?" or "Is there anything that Yahweh cannot do?" God used this rhetorical question to remind Abraham that God can do anything. +"Is there anything that Yahweh cannot do?" Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were speaking of someone else to remind Abraham that he, Yahweh, is great and can do anything. AT: "There is nothing that I, Yahweh, cannot do!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## At the time appointed by me, in the spring ## +# At the time appointed by me, in the spring -"at the time I appointed." The phrase "in the spring" clarifies what time it was that God appointed. +"At the time I have appointed, which is in the spring" -## Then Sarah denied it and said ## +# Then Sarah denied it and said "The Sarah denied it by saying" -## He replied ## +# He replied "Yahweh replied" -## No, you did laugh ## +# No, you did laugh -This means "No, that is not true; you did in fact laugh." In some languages, it would be better to translate this as "Yes, you did laugh." \ No newline at end of file +"Yes, you did laugh." This means "No, that is not true; you did in fact laugh." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/16.md b/gen/18/16.md index 66550ddf5a..8a1d04d44f 100644 --- a/gen/18/16.md +++ b/gen/18/16.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## to see them on their way ## +# to see them on their way -"to send them on their way" or "to say 'Farewell' to them" (UDB). +"to send them on their way" or "to say 'Farewell' to them." It was polite to go some distance with guests as they were leaving. -## Should I hide from Abraham what I am about to do ## +# Should I hide from Abraham what I am about to do ... him? -God used this rhetorical question to say that he was going to talk to Abraham about something very important. "I will not hide from Abraham what I am about to do" or "I will tell Abraham what I am about to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +God used this rhetorical question to say that he was going to talk to Abraham about something very important and that it was best for him to do so. AT: "I should not and will not hide from Abraham what I am about to do ... him." or "I should and will tell Abraham what I am about to do ... him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## since Abraham will indeed become ## +# Should I ... do, since ... him? -This tells why God planned to tell Abraham what he was going to do. It can be translated as a separate sentence after the rhetorical question. +"I should not ... do. This is because ... him" -## all the nations of the earth will be blessed in him ## +# all the nations of the earth will be blessed in him -This can be translated with an active clause: "I will bless all the nations of the earth through Abraham." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will bless all the nations of the earth through Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## will be blessed in him ## +# will be blessed in him -This can be translated as "will be blessed because of Abraham" or "will be blessed because I have blessed Abraham." For translating "in him" see how you translated "through you" in [Genesis 12:1](../12/01.md). +"will be blessed because of Abraham" or "will be blessed because I have blessed Abraham." For translating "in him" see how you translated "through you" in [Genesis 12:3](../12/01.md). -## that he may instruct ## +# that he may instruct "that he will direct" or "so that he will command" -## to keep the way of Yahweh ## +# to keep the way of Yahweh ... Yahweh may bring ... he has said -"to obey what Yahweh requires." God was speaking about himself. It can also be translated as "to keep my way." +Yahweh is speaking about himself as if he were another person. AT: "to obey what I, Yahweh, require ... I, Yahweh, may bring ... I have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## to do righteousness and justice ## +# to keep the way of Yahweh -This tells how they were do keep the way of Yahweh. It can be translated as "by doing righteousness and justice." +"to obey the commands of Yahweh" -## so that Yahweh may bring upon Abraham what he has said to him ## +# to do righteousness and justice -This refers to the covenant promise to bless Abraham and make him a great nation. If you need to state this more clearly, you could translate it as "so that Yahweh may bless Abraham just as he said he would." \ No newline at end of file +"by doing righteousness and justice." This tells how to keep the way of Yahweh. + +# so that Yahweh may bring upon Abraham what he has said to him + +"so that Yahweh may bless Abraham just as he said he would." This refers to the covenant promise to bless Abraham and make him a great nation. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/20.md b/gen/18/20.md index 8a8ae4f5a7..b01dd9fc98 100644 --- a/gen/18/20.md +++ b/gen/18/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## the accusations against Sodom and Gomorrah ## +# the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is so great -This could be translated as "the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah." People were strongly condemning the people of Sodom and Gomorrha for their wickedness. They may have been calling on God to punish them. +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "outcry" is expressed as the verb "accuse." AT: "so many people have been accusing the people of Sodom and Gomorrah of doing evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## their sin is so very grave ## +# their sin is so serious -"their sin is so serious" or "they have sinned so much" +"they have sinned so much" -## I will now go down there ## +# I will now go down there "I will now go down to Sodom and Gomorrah" -## go down there and see ## +# go down there and see "go down there to find out" or "go down there to decide" -## as wicked as the accusations that have come to me indicate ## +# see the outcry ... that has come to me -This can also be translated as "as wicked as I have heard they are." +Yahweh speaks as if he knew about this matter because he had heard the cries and accusations coming from the people who had suffered. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "outcry" is expressed as the verb "accuse." AT: "as wicked as those who are accusing them say that they are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## If not ## +# If not "If they are not as wicked as the outcry suggests" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/22.md b/gen/18/22.md index 9a31610e4e..93144e981c 100644 --- a/gen/18/22.md +++ b/gen/18/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## turned from there ## +# turned from there "went out from Abraham's camp" -## Abraham remained standing before Yahweh ## +# Abraham remained standing before Yahweh "Abraham and Yahweh remained together" -## approached ## +# approached "approached Yahweh" or "stepped closer to Yahweh" -## sweep away ## +# sweep away -"destroy" \ No newline at end of file +Abraham speaks of destroying people as if it were sweeping dirt with a broom. AT: "destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the righteous with the wicked + +"the righteous people with the wicked people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/24.md b/gen/18/24.md index 1d05d05a70..81f3662fa0 100644 --- a/gen/18/24.md +++ b/gen/18/24.md @@ -1,37 +1,47 @@ +# General Information: + Abraham continues talking to Yahweh. -## Perhaps there are ## +# Perhaps there are "Suppose there are" -## Will you sweep it away ## +# Will you sweep it away and not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there? -Abraham was hoping that God would say "I will not sweep it away." +Abraham was hoping that Yahweh would say, "I will not sweep it away." AT: "I think you would not sweep it away. Instead, you would spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## sweep it away ## +# sweep it away -"destroy it" +"destroy it." Abraham speaks of destroying people as if it were sweeping dirt with a broom. AT: "destroy the people who live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there? ## +# not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there? Abraham was hoping that God would say "I will spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous people there." -## spare the place ## +# spare the place -This can be translated as "put up with" or "refrain from killing" or "let the people live." +"let the people live" -## for the sake of ## +# for the sake of "because of" -## Far be it from you ## +# Far be it from you to do such a thing -"It is not like you" or "It seems far from your manner" +Here "Far be it from you" is an idiom that means the person should never do something like that. AT: "I would never want you to do something like that" or "You should not want to do something like that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## such a thing, killing ## +# such a thing, killing "such a thing as killing" or "such a thing, that is, killing" -## Will not the Judge of all the earth do what is just? ## +# the righteous should be treated the same as the wicked -Abraham used this a rhetorical question to say what he expected God to do: “The Judge of all the earth will certainly do what is just.” Since Abraham was speaking to the judge of all the earth, it may be more natural in some languages to say "you": "Since you are the Judge of all the earth, you will surely do what is right." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]].) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active from. AT: "you should treat the righteous the same way you treat the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Will not the Judge of all the earth do what is just? + +Abraham used this rhetorical question to say what he expected God to do. AT: "The Judge of all the earth will certainly do what is just!" or "Since you are the Judge of all the earth, you will surely do what is right!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Judge + +God is often referred to as a judge because he is the one perfect judge who makes the final decisions about what is right or wrong. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/27.md b/gen/18/27.md index cfd014b316..75e4c70872 100644 --- a/gen/18/27.md +++ b/gen/18/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Look what I have done, taking it upon myself to speak to my Lord ## +# Look -This can be translated as "Forgive me for daring to speak to my Lord" +The phrase "Look" here draws attention to the surprising information that follows. -## only dust and ashes ## +# I have undertaken to speak -This metaphor describes Abraham as a human being, who will die and whose body will turn into to dust and ashes. It can also be translated as "only a mortal man" or "as unimportant as dust and ashes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Pardon me for being so bold as to speak to you" or "Excuse me for daring to speak" -## five less than fifty righteous ## +# to my Lord + +Abraham shows his respect to Yahweh by speaking to Yahweh as if he were speaking to someone else. AT: "to you, my Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# only dust and ashes + +This metaphor describes Abraham as a human being, who will die and whose body will turn into to dust and ashes. AT: "only a mortal man" or "as unimportant as dust and ashes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# five less than fifty righteous "only forty-five righteous people" -## for lack of five ## +# for lack of five "if there are five fewer righteous people" -## I will not destroy it ## +# I will not destroy it -"I will not destroy Sodom and Gomorrah" \ No newline at end of file +"I will not destroy Sodom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/29.md b/gen/18/29.md index 0146649e99..8d40c19d0c 100644 --- a/gen/18/29.md +++ b/gen/18/29.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## He spoke to him ## +# He spoke to him "Abraham spoke to Yahweh" -## if there are forty found there ## +# if there are forty found there This means "if you find forty righteous people in Sodom and Gomorrah." -## He replied ## +# He replied "Yahweh answered" -## I will not do it for the forty's sake ## +# I will not do it for the forty's sake -This can be translated as "I will not destroy the cities if I find forty righteous people there." +"I will not destroy the cities if I find forty righteous people there" -## thirty ## +# thirty "thirty righteous people" or "thirty good people" -## Look ## +# Look The phrase "Look" here draws attention to the surprising information that follows. -## I have undertaken to speak ## +# I have undertaken to speak -"I have been so bold to speak to you." It can also be translated as "Pardon me for being so bold as to speak to you" or "Excuse me for daring to speak." +"Pardon me for being so bold as to speak to you" or "Excuse me for daring to speak." See how this is translated in [Genesis 18:27](./27.md). -## twenty ## +# twenty "twenty righteous people" or "twenty good people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/32.md b/gen/18/32.md index 249d37b090..328a6203e8 100644 --- a/gen/18/32.md +++ b/gen/18/32.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Perhaps ten will be found there ## +# Perhaps ten will be found there "Perhaps you will find ten righteous people there" -## ten ## +# ten "ten righteous people" or "ten good people" -## And he said ## +# Then he said "And Yahweh answered" -## for the ten's sake ## +# for the ten's sake "if I find ten righteous people there" -## Yahweh went on his way ## +# Yahweh went on his way -"Yahweh departed" or "Yahweh left" \ No newline at end of file +Here "went on his way" is an idiom that means he left, or he continued his journey. Yahweh appeared to Abraham in human form as a traveler. AT: "Yahweh departed" or "Yahweh continued on his journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/18/intro.md b/gen/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2d4125a56f --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Genesis 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Three men ##### +The three men who visited Abraham were probably angels. This is evident from Abraham's reaction to them. Also, it appears Abraham knew that he was speaking directly to Yahweh through these men. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/angel]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +##### Disbelief ##### +When Sarah heard the news that she was going to have a baby, she laughed in disbelief because she was considered too old to have a baby. She also asked a rhetorical question in order to further show her disbelief. This would have been considered an insult to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unbeliever]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +In his exchange with God, Abraham did not show any sign of unbelief. Instead, he is asking God for mercy because he trusted in the character of God. He does not question God's power to accomplish things as Sarah had done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Sarah's age ##### + +It should be apparent that Sarah was physically no longer able to have children because of her age. There is a natural period in a woman's life when she stops being able to have children. The text assumes the reader understands that Sarah has already experienced this event. In English, this is called "menopause." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/01.md b/gen/19/01.md index 2c1903315e..0d549432d9 100644 --- a/gen/19/01.md +++ b/gen/19/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,43 @@ -## The two angels ## +# The two angels -Genesis 18 said that two men went to Sodom. Here we learn that they are really angels. (See: [Genesis 18:22](../18/22.md)) +Genesis 18 says that two men went to Sodom. Here we learn that they are really angels. (See: [Genesis 18:22](../18/22.md)) -## the gate of Sodom ## +# the gate of Sodom -"the entrance of the city Sodom." The city had a wall around it, and people had to go through a gate to get into it. This was a very important place in a city. Important people often spent time there. +"the entrance to the city of Sodom." The city had a wall around it, and people had to go through a gate to get into it. This was a very important place in a city. Important people often spent time there. -## I urge you to turn aside into your servant's house ## +# bowed down with his face to the ground -This can be translated as "Please come and stay in your servant's house." +He put his knees on the ground then touched his forehead and nose to the ground. -## your servant's house ## +# my masters -Lot referred to himself as their servant in order to show them respect. +This was a term of respect Lot used for the angels. -## wash your feet ## +# I urge you to turn aside into your servant's house + +"Please come and stay in your servant's house" + +# your servant's house + +Lot refers to himself as their servant in order to show them respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# wash your feet People liked to wash their feet after traveling. -## rise up early ## +# rise up early "wake up early" -## we will spend the night ## +# we will spend the night -When the two angels said this, they were referring only to themselves, not to Lot. The two of them planed to spend the night in the square. Some languages would use the exclusive form of "we" here. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]). +When the two angels said this, they were referring only to themselves, not to Lot. The two of them planned to spend the night in the square. Some languages would use the exclusive form of "we" here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## town square ## +# town square This is a public, outdoor place in the town. -## they went with him ## +# they went with him "they turned and went with him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/04.md b/gen/19/04.md index b503b9c101..23f29dd172 100644 --- a/gen/19/04.md +++ b/gen/19/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## before they lay down ## +# before they lay down -The word "they" refers to the people in Lot's house. +"before the people in Lot's house lay down to go to sleep" -## the men of the city, the men of Sodom ## +# the men of the city, the men of Sodom "the men of the city, that is, the men of Sodom" or just "the men of the city of Sodom" -## the house ## +# the house "Lot's house" -## both young and old ## +# both young and old -This means "men of all ages" and refers to the men of Sodom who were surrounding Lot's house. It could be translated "from the youngest to the oldest." +"from the youngest to the oldest." This means "men of all ages" and refers to the men of Sodom who were surrounding Lot's house. -## that came in to you ## +# that came in to you -"that went in to your house" +"that went into your house" -## have relations with them ## +# sleep with them -"have sex with them" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"engage in sex with them." Your language may have a more polite way of saying this. AT: "know them intimately or sexually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/06.md b/gen/19/06.md index e7154c59df..387f59571a 100644 --- a/gen/19/06.md +++ b/gen/19/06.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## after himself ## +# after himself "behind him" or "after he went through" -## I beg you, my brothers ## +# I beg you, my brothers "I plead with you, my brothers" -## my brothers ## +# my brothers -Lot spoke in a friendly way to the men of the city hoping that they would listen to him. It can also be translated as "my friends." +Lot spoke in a friendly way to the men of the city hoping that they would listen to him. AT: "my friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## do not act so wickedly ## +# do not act so wickedly "do not do something so wicked" or "do not do such a wicked thing" -## Look ## +# Look "Pay attention" or "Look here" -## have not had relations with any man ## +# have not slept with -"have not had sex with any man" +"have not engaged in sex with." Your language may have a more polite way of saying this. AT: "have not known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## whatever is good in your eyes ## +# whatever is good in your eyes -"whatever you desire" or "whatever you want" +"whatever you desire" or "whatever you think is right" -## under the shadow of my roof ## +# under the shadow of my roof -"under the protection of my house." The two men were guests in Lot's home, so he was obligated to protect them. \ No newline at end of file +The two men were guests in Lot's home, so he needed to protect them. The word "roof" is a synecdoche for the whole house and a metaphor for Lot protecting them. AT: "into my house, and God expects me to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/09.md b/gen/19/09.md index 7d70323fab..2d210b1ffb 100644 --- a/gen/19/09.md +++ b/gen/19/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## Stand back! ## +# Stand back! -"Step aside!" or "Get out of our way!" (UDB) +"Step aside!" or "Get out of our way!" -## This one came here to live as a foreigner ## +# This one came here to live as a foreigner "This one came here as an outsider" or "This foreigner came to live here" -## This one ## +# This one -"This one" refers to Lot. +"Lot." The men are speaking to each other. If this would be unclear in your language, you may have the men speak to Lot here, as in UDB. -## and now he has become our judge ## +# and now -"and now he is judging us" +The speaker would not expect a foreigner to judge the people of that land. AT: "but even though he has no good reason to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## They pressed hard against the man, against Lot ## +# he has become our judge -This can be translated as "and they pushed Lot forcefully" +Here "has become our judge" is an idiom that means Lot is acting as if he can tell the men what actions are right or wrong. AT: "he acts as if he has the authority to tell us what is right and what is wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## against the man, against Lot ## +# Now we -This is two ways of referring to Lot. +"Because you are telling us that what we are doing is wrong, we" -## and came near to break down the door ## +# we will deal worse with you than with them -"and moved close to the door in order to break it down" \ No newline at end of file +The men are angry that Lot said, "Do not act so wickedly" ([Genesis 19:7](./06.md)), so they are threatening to act more wickedly than Lot had feared at first. AT: "we will act more wickedly with you than we will with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They pressed hard against the man, against Lot, and came near to break down the door + +Possible meanings are 1) "They kept coming closer to the man, to Lot, until they were close enough to break down the door" or 2) they physically pushed Lot up against the wall or door of the house and were about to break the door down. + +# the man ... Lot + +This is two ways of referring to Lot. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/10.md b/gen/19/10.md index 5c566738ea..650773fa5a 100644 --- a/gen/19/10.md +++ b/gen/19/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## But the men ## +# But the men "But Lot's two guests" or "But the two angels" -## Lot's visitors attacked them with blindness ## +# the men reached out their hands and brought ... them and shut -"Lot's visitors blinded them" or "they took away their sight." The phrase "attacked them" is a [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] that does not involve physical hitting. +Your language may need to add that the men opened the door first. AT: 'the men opened the door far enough so they could reach out their hands and pull ... them, and then they shut" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## both young and old ## +# Lot's visitors struck with blindness the men -"men of all ages." This could also be translated as "both small and great" and indicate social standing rather than age. +The phrase "struck with blindness" is a metaphor; the visitors did not physically hit the men. AT: "Lot's visitors blinded the men" or "they took away their sight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## so that they wore themselves out trying to find the door ## +# both young and old -"so that they got tired of trying to find the door" \ No newline at end of file +"men of all ages." This merism emphasizes that the visitors blinded all the men. This could indicate social standing rather than age. AT: "both small and great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/12.md b/gen/19/12.md index 04f1033b19..e816bafb92 100644 --- a/gen/19/12.md +++ b/gen/19/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Then the men said ## +# Then the men said "Then the two men said" or "Then the angels said" -## Do you have anyone else here? ## +# Do you have anyone else here? -"Are there any other members of your family in the city?" or Do you have any other family members in this place? +"Are there any other members of your family in the city?" or "Do you have any other family members in this place?" -## whoever you have in the city ## +# whoever you have in the city "any other members of your family living in this city" -## we are about to destroy ## +# we are about to destroy The word "we" here is exclusive. Only the two angels would destroy the city; Lot would not destroy it. If your language has an exclusive form of "we," use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## the accusations against it before Yahweh have become so loud ## +# the accusations against it before Yahweh have become so loud -This could also be translated as "people have made so many accusations against the people of this city to Yahweh...." \ No newline at end of file +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "accusations" is expressed as a verb. See how similar words are translated in [Genesis 18:20](../18/20.md). AT: "so many people have been telling Yahweh that the people of this city are doing evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/14.md b/gen/19/14.md index 1939a143a2..7615affa66 100644 --- a/gen/19/14.md +++ b/gen/19/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Lot went out ## +# Lot went out -This could be translated "So Lot left the house." +"So Lot left the house" -## his sons-in-law, the men who had promised to marry his daughters ## +# his sons-in-law, the men who had promised to marry his daughters -in-law, the men who had promised to marry his daughters** - The phrase "the men who had promised to marry his daughters" explains what "sons-in-law" means here. It could also be translated as "the men who were going to marry his daughters" or "his daughters' fiancés" +The phrase "the men who had promised to marry his daughters" explains what "sons-in-law" means here. AT: "the men who were going to marry his daughters" or "his daughters' fiancés" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Get going ## +# When the morning dawned + +"Just before the sun came up" + +# Get going "Go now" -## you are not swept away in the punishment of the city ## +# you are not swept away in the punishment of the city -"so Yahweh does not also destroy you when he punishes the the people of this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so Yahweh does not also destroy you when he punishes the people of this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# not swept away in the punishment + +God destroying the people of the city is spoken of as if a person were sweeping away dust. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# of the city + +Here "city" stands for the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/16.md b/gen/19/16.md index a62c3c7867..c4fde9cb08 100644 --- a/gen/19/16.md +++ b/gen/19/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## But he lingered ## +# But he lingered -This can be translated as "But Lot hesitated" or "But Lot did not start to leave." +"But Lot hesitated" or "But Lot did not start to leave" -## So the men grabbed ## +# So the men grabbed "So the two men grabbed" or "So the angels grabbed" -## was merciful to him ## +# was merciful to him -"had compassion on Lot" +"had compassion on Lot." Yahweh is described as being "merciful" because he was sparing the lives of Lot and his family instead of destroying them when he destroyed the people of Sodom for the wrong they had done. -## When they had brought them out ## +# When they had brought them out "When the two men had brought Lot's family out" -## Run for your lives! ## +# Run for your lives! -"Run away and save your lives!" +This is a way of telling them to run so that they do not die. AT: "Run away and save your lives!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## so you are not swept away ## +# Do not look back -AT: "or else God will destroy you along with the people of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "at the city" is understood. AT: "Do not look back at the city" or "Do not look back at Sodom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# on the plain + +This means the plain of the Jordan River. This refers to the general region of the Jordan River. + +# so you are not swept away + +It is understood that they would swept away with the people of the city. This can be stated in active form. AT: "or else God will destroy you along with the people of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# not swept away + +God destroying the people of the city is spoken of as if a person were sweeping away dust. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/18.md b/gen/19/18.md index 6ca136f3f5..04e614b36b 100644 --- a/gen/19/18.md +++ b/gen/19/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Your servant has found favor in your sight ## +# Your servant has found favor in your eyes -"You have been pleased with me" (UDB) or "I have been accepted by you" +The phrase "found favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "You have been pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Your servant ## +# Your servant has -"I." Lot was showing respect by referring to himself as "your servant." +Lot was showing respect by referring to himself as "your servant." AT: "I, your servant, have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## you have shown me great kindness in saving my life ## +# you have shown me great kindness in saving my life -"you have been very kind to me by saving my life" +The abstract noun "kindness" can be stated as "kind." AT: "you have been very kind to me by saving my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## I cannot escape to the mountains, because the disaster will overtake me ## +# I cannot escape to the mountains, because the disaster will overtake me, and I will die -The implicit information about why the disaster would overtake him can be made explicit: "I cannot escape to those faraway mountains because the disaster will reach me before I can get there." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Being unable to get far enough away from Sodom when God destroys the city is spoken of as if "disaster" is a person that will chase and catch up with Lot. AT: "My family and I will certainly die when God destroys the people of Sodom, because the mountains are too far away for us to get there safely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## (is it not a little one?) ## +# my life ... I cannot escape ... overtake me, and I will die -Lot used this rhetorical question to get the angels to notice that the city really is a small one. It can also be translated as "See how small it is." You could also translate this before or after the last sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +It is implied that Lot's family would die along with him. AT: "our lives ... we cannot escape ... overtake us, and we will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## my life will be saved ## +# let me escape there (is it not a little one?), and my life will be saved -The implied information about how his life would be saved can be made explicit: "My life will be saved if you do not destroy that city." \ No newline at end of file +Lot used this rhetorical question to get the angels to notice that the city really is a small one. AT: "let me escape there. You can see how small it is. If you let us go there we will live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# let me escape there + +Lot's full request can be made explicit. AT: "instead of destroying that city, let me escape there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my life will be saved + +It is implied that the lives of Lot's family will be saved along with his. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "so that we will live" or "so that we will survive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/21.md b/gen/19/21.md index b257355acd..350395bf05 100644 --- a/gen/19/21.md +++ b/gen/19/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## I am granting this request also ## +# I am granting this request also -"I will do what you have asked." +"I will do what you have asked" -## cannot do anything ## +# cannot do anything -This can be made more explicit: "cannot do anything to destroy Sodom and Gomorrah." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be made more explicit. AT: "cannot destroy the other cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Zoar ## +# Zoar Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Zoar sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'little.' Lot called this town 'little' in Genesis 19:20." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/23.md b/gen/19/23.md index 7625c37a65..61370e14ea 100644 --- a/gen/19/23.md +++ b/gen/19/23.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## The sun had risen upon the earth ## +# The sun had risen upon the earth "The sun had risen over the earth." The phrase "upon the earth" can be left implicit as it is in the UDB where it is not translated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## reached Zoar ## +# when Lot reached Zoar -"arrived at Zoar" or "entered Zoar" +It is implied that Lot's family is with him. AT: "when Lot and his family arrived at Zoar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Yahweh rained down upon Sodom and Gomorrah sulfur and fire from Yahweh out of the sky ## +# Yahweh rained down upon Sodom and Gomorrah sulfur and fire from Yahweh out of the sky -The phrase "from Yahweh" means that the sulfur and fire came from God's power. AT: “Yahweh caused sulfur and fire to fall from the sky onto Sodom and Gomorrah” +The phrase "from Yahweh" stands for God's power to cause the sulfur and fire to fall on the city. AT: "Yahweh caused sulfur and fire to fall from the sky onto Sodom and Gomorrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## sulfur and fire ## +# sulfur and fire -This can be translated as "burning sulfur" or "burning stones and fire" or "fiery rain." +These two words are used together to describe one object. AT: "burning sulfur" or "fiery rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) -## inhabitants of those cities ## +# those cities -"people who lived in those cities" +This refers primarily to Sodom and Gomorrah, but also to three other towns. -## those cities ## +# the inhabitants of the cities -This refers primarily to Sodom and Gomorrah, but also to three other towns. \ No newline at end of file +"the people who lived in the cities" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/26.md b/gen/19/26.md index 5e8c110d48..a2d3d8ddf8 100644 --- a/gen/19/26.md +++ b/gen/19/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## she became a pillar of salt ## +# she became a pillar of salt -This can be translated as "she became like a statue of salt" or "her body became like a tall stone of salt." +"she became like a statue of salt" or "her body became like a tall stone of salt." Because she disobeyed the angel who told them not to look back at the city, God caused her to become something like a statue made out of rock salt. -## behold ## +# behold The word "behold" draws attention to the surprising information that follows. -## like the smoke of a furnace ## +# like the smoke of a furnace -This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. It can also be translated as "like the smoke from a very large fire." \ No newline at end of file +This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. AT: "like the smoke from a very large fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/29.md b/gen/19/29.md index 4e310ef01f..1bcdcc9662 100644 --- a/gen/19/29.md +++ b/gen/19/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Verse 29 is a summary of of this chapter. +# General Information: -## God remembered Abraham ## +Verse 29 is a summary of this chapter. -"God remembered to be merciful to Abraham." This tells why God rescued Lot. +# God called Abraham to mind -## out of the midst of the destruction ## +This tells why God rescued Lot. To "call to mind" is a way of saying "remember." This does not imply that God forgot about Abraham. It means he considered Abraham and had mercy on him. AT: "God thought about Abraham and had mercy on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -This can be translated as "away from the destruction" or "out of the area that was being destroyed" or "away from danger." \ No newline at end of file +# out of the midst of the destruction + +"away from the destruction" or "away from danger" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/30.md b/gen/19/30.md index 5cc34c5794..04e96487df 100644 --- a/gen/19/30.md +++ b/gen/19/30.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no notes for this verse. \ No newline at end of file +# Lot went up from Zoar to live in the mountains + +The phrase "went up from" is used because Lot went to a higher elevation in the mountains. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/31.md b/gen/19/31.md index 5db6e5dbd3..9c8b1f4547 100644 --- a/gen/19/31.md +++ b/gen/19/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## The firstborn ## +# The firstborn ... the younger -"Lot's first daughter" or "The older daughter" +Here "firstborn" and "younger" are nominal adjectives that refer to Lot's two daughters according to their birth order. AT: "Lot's first daughter ... Lot's last daughter" or "The older daughter ... the younger daughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## the younger ## +# according to the way of all the world -"the younger daughter." This can also be translated as "her younger sister." +Here "the world" stands for the people. AT: "as people everywhere do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## drink wine ## +# drink wine -This can be translated as "drink wine until he gets drunk" (UDB) or "get drunk with wine." +It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. AT: "drink wine until he gets drunk" or "get drunk with wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## so that we may extend our father's line ## +# so that we may extend our father's line -"so that we may maintain the family line of our father" or "so that we can bear children who will be our father's descendants" (UDB) +This speaks about giving Lot descendants as if his family were a line that they are making longer. AT: "so that we can bear children who will be our father's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he did not know when she lay down, nor when she arose ## +# he did not know when she lay down, nor when she arose -This can also be translated as "he did not know anything about it" or "he did not know that she had sexual relations with him." \ No newline at end of file +"he did not know anything about it" or "he did not know that she had slept with him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/34.md b/gen/19/34.md index 4aadc06ea2..250d095989 100644 --- a/gen/19/34.md +++ b/gen/19/34.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## that we may extend our father's line ## +# Let us make him drink wine ... nor when she arose -See how you translated this in [Genesis 19:31](./31.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these phrases in [Genesis 19:32-33](./31.md). + +# drink wine + +It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. AT: "drink wine until he gets drunk" or "get drunk with wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that we may extend our father's line + +This speaks about giving Lot descendants as if his family were a line that they are making longer. AT: "so that we can bear children who will be our father's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He did not know when she lay down, nor when she arose + +"he did not know anything about it" or "he did not know that she had slept with him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/36.md b/gen/19/36.md index d0de338538..9ecdaad504 100644 --- a/gen/19/36.md +++ b/gen/19/36.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## were pregnant by their father ## +# were pregnant by their father -"got pregnant from their father" or "became pregnant by their father" or "conceived children with their father" +"became pregnant by their father" or "conceived children with their father" -## He became ## +# He became "He is" -## the Moabites of today ## +# the Moabites of today -"the Moab people who are now living." +"the Moab people who are now living" -## of today ## +# of today The word "today" refers to the time when the author of Genesis was living. The author was born and wrote this many years after Lot's family lived and died. -## the children of Ammon ## +# Ben-Ammi + +This is a male name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the people of Ammon "the descendants of Ammon" or "the Ammon people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/19/intro.md b/gen/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b89eec585a --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Genesis 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The evil desires of the Sodomites ##### +The men of Sodom desired to forcibly have sexual relations with the angels who came to the city appearing as men. Such action is known as "rape." Their desire was viewed as especially evil because Lot was obligated to protect his guests at all costs, even that of sacrificing his own children for his guests. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +##### Hospitality ##### +Hospitality, or being kind to a visitor, was very important in the Ancient Near East. Lot showed his guests loyalty by doing his utmost to protect them from the people of Sodom. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Contrasts ##### +It is probable that Abraham's faith and actions in chapter 18 are intended to contrast with the actions of the worldly Sodomites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/01.md b/gen/20/01.md index f049747e79..23dddc5057 100644 --- a/gen/20/01.md +++ b/gen/20/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Shur ## +# Shur This is a desert region on the eastern border of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## sent his men and they took Sarah ## +# sent his men and they took Sarah -This can be translated as "made his men go get Sarah and bring her to him." +"made his men go get Sarah and bring her to him" -## God came to Abimelech ## +# God came to Abimelech "God appeared to Abimelech" -## Behold ## +# Behold -"Listen to me" (UDB). The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. +Here the word "behold" adds emphasis to what follows. "Listen to me" -## you are a dead man ## +# you are a dead man -This is a strong way of saying "you will certainly die soon" or "I will kill you." +This is a strong way of saying the king will die. AT: "you will certainly die soon" or "I will kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## a man's wife ## +# a man's wife "a married woman" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/04.md b/gen/20/04.md index e0b603b74c..e6bf369d01 100644 --- a/gen/20/04.md +++ b/gen/20/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Now ## +# Now ... her -This word is used here to mark a change from the story to information about Abimelech. +This word is used here to mark a change from the story to information about Abimelech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Abimelech had not come near her ## +# Abimelech had not come near her -"Abimelech had not had sex with Sarah" or "Abimelech had not touched Sarah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a polite way of saying he did not have sex with her. AT: "Abimelech had not slept with Sarah" or "Abimelech had not touched Sarah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## Did he not himself say to me, 'She is my sister?' ## +# even a righteous nation -Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind God of something God would have already known. It can also be translated but "But Abraham himself told me 'She is my sister'." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "nation" stands for the people. Abimelech is worried that God will punish not only him, but his people also. AT: "even a people who are innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Did he not himself say ## +# Did he not himself say to me, 'She is my sister?' Even she herself said, 'He is my brother.' -The words “he himself” are used for emphasis to bring attention to Abraham. It can also be translated as "Did not Abraham himself say." Abimelech was showing that it was Abraham's fault that Abimelech took Sarah. +This has quotations within a quotation. They can be stated as indirect quotations. AT: "Did he himself not tell me that she is his sister? Even she herself told me that he is her brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## Even she herself said, 'He is my brother.' ## +# Did he not himself say to me, 'She is my sister?' -The words “she herself” are used for emphasis to bring attention to Sarah." +Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind God of something God already knew. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Abraham himself told me, 'She is my sister.'" or "Abraham said that she is his sister." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I have done this in the integrity of my heart and the innocence of my hands ## +# Did he not himself say ... Even she herself -This means "I have done this with good intentions and actions" or "I have done this with no evil thoughts or actions." Heart and hands are a figure of speech for thoughts and actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "he himself" and "she herself" are used for emphasis to bring attention to Abraham and Sarah and to blame them for what happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# I have done this in the integrity of my heart and the innocence of my hands + +Here "heart" stands for his thoughts or intentions. Also "hands" stands for his actions. AT: "I have done this with good intentions and actions" or "I have done this with no evil thoughts or actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/06.md b/gen/20/06.md index 85c9f4fca6..94a24d3439 100644 --- a/gen/20/06.md +++ b/gen/20/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## God said to him ## +# God said to him "God said to Abimelech" -## in the integrity of your heart you did this ## +# in the integrity of your heart you did this -"you did this with good intentions" or "you did this without evil intentions." +Here "heart" stands for his thoughts or intentions. AT: "you did this with good intentions" or "you did this without evil intentions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to touch her ## +# to touch her -"to touch Sarah" +This is a euphemism for having sex with Sarah. AT: "to sleep with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## the man's wife ## +# the man's wife "Abraham's wife" -## you will live ## +# you will live "I will let you live" -## all who are yours ## +# all who are yours "all of your people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/08.md b/gen/20/08.md index f11c576503..a42060ec98 100644 --- a/gen/20/08.md +++ b/gen/20/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## He told all these things to them ## +# He told all these things to them "He told them everything that God had told him" -## What have you done to us? ## +# What have you done to us? -Abimelech used this rhetorical question to accuse Abraham. It can also be translated as “You have done something bad to us!” or “Look what you have done to us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Abimelech used this rhetorical question to accuse Abraham. AT: "You have done something bad to us!" or "Look what you have done to us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## to us ## +# to us -The word "us" here is exclusive and does not include Abraham and Sarah. If your language uses an exclusive form of "we" or "us," use it here (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +The word "us" here is exclusive and does not include Abraham and Sarah. If your language uses an exclusive form of "we" or "us," use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## How have I sinned against you ## +# How have I sinned against you, that you have brought ... sin? -Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind Abraham that he had not sinned against Abraham. It can also be translated as "I have not sinned against you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind Abraham that he had not sinned against Abraham. AT: "I have done nothing against you to cause you to bring ... sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## that you have brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin ## +# that you have brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin -This can be translated as "that you should make me and my kingdom guilty of such a terrible sin." +To cause someone to be guilty of sinning is spoken of as if "sin" was a thing that could be placed on a person. AT: "that you should make me and my kingdom guilty of such a terrible sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You have done to me that which ought not to be done. ## +# on my kingdom -"You should not have done this to me." \ No newline at end of file +Here "kingdom" stands for the people. AT: "on the people of my kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You have done to me that which ought not to be done + +"You should not have done this to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/10.md b/gen/20/10.md index 56ca5493fc..edcd1054d4 100644 --- a/gen/20/10.md +++ b/gen/20/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## What prompted you to do this thing? ## +# What prompted you to do this thing? -"What caused you to do this?" or "Why did you do this?" What Abraham did can be stated explicitly. "Why did you tell me that Sarah is your sister?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"What caused you to do this?" or "Why did you do this?" What Abraham did can be stated explicitly. AT: "Why did you tell me that Sarah is your sister?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## in this place ## +# Because I thought, 'Surely there is no fear of God in this place, and they will kill me because of my wife.' -"in Gerar" +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Because I thought that since no one here fears God, someone may kill me so they can take my wife." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## Besides, she is indeed my sister ## +# no fear of God in this place -"Also, it is true that Sarah is my sister" or "Also, Sarah really is my sister." +Here "place" refers to the people. AT: "no one here in Gerar fears God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother ## +# fear of God -This can be translated as "We have the same father, but we have different mothers." \ No newline at end of file +This means to deeply respect God and show that respect by obeying him. + +# Besides, she is indeed my sister + +"Also, it is true that Sarah is my sister" or "Also, Sarah really is my sister" + +# the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother + +"we have the same father, but we have different mothers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/13.md b/gen/20/13.md index ba64f8f78c..daba840a7a 100644 --- a/gen/20/13.md +++ b/gen/20/13.md @@ -1,25 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Verse 13 is a continuation of Abraham's answer to Abimelech. -## I said to her ## +# my father's house -"I said to Sarah" +Here "house" stands for Abraham's family. AT: "my father and the rest of my family" or "my father's household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## show me this faithfulness as my wife ## +# I said to her, 'You must show me this faithfulness as my wife: At every place where we go, say about me, "He is my brother."' -Alternate translation: "be faithful to me by doing this" +This has quotations within quotations. They can be stated as indirect quotations. AT: "I said to Sarah that I wanted her to be faithful to me by telling people everywhere we go that I am her brother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## At every place where we go ## +# Abimelech took -"Everywhere we go" or "Wherever we go" - -## say about me, "He is my brother." ## - -"tell the people living there that I am your brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -## Abimelech took ## - -"Abimelech gathered" - -## oxen ## - -Oxen are cows or bulls that people use to pull heavy loads or do other hard work. Oxen usually work in pairs. \ No newline at end of file +"Abimelech brought some" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/15.md b/gen/20/15.md index a3a5be6491..e114be9f34 100644 --- a/gen/20/15.md +++ b/gen/20/15.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Abimelech said ## +# Abimelech said "Abimelech said to Abraham" -## Look ## +# Look -Here and in verse 16 the word “look” adds emphasis to what follows. +Here and in verse 16 the word "look" adds emphasis to what follows. -## Settle wherever it pleases you ## +# my land is before you + +This is a way of saying "I make all of my land available to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Settle wherever it pleases you "Live wherever you want" -## a thousand ## +# a thousand "1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## It is to cover any offense against you in the eyes of all that are with you. ## +# It is to cover any offense against you in the eyes of all that are with you -This can also be translated as "I am giving this to him, so that those who are with you will not think that you have done anything wrong." +Giving money to prove to others that Sarah is innocent is spoken of as if he is placing a cover over an offense so no one can see it. AT: "I am giving this to him, so that those who are with you will know that you have done nothing wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the eyes ## +# in the eyes -"in the minds" or "in the opinions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "in the opinion" or "in the judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## before everyone, you are made completely right ## +# before everyone, you are completely made right -This can be translated as "to prove to everyone that you are innocent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The passive phrase "made right" can be stated in active form. AT: "everyone will know that you are innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/17.md b/gen/20/17.md index 23bf646d48..08e412be80 100644 --- a/gen/20/17.md +++ b/gen/20/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## completely infertile ## +# completely infertile -"unable to have children" +"totally unable to have children" -## because of Sarah, Abraham's wife ## +# because of Sarah, Abraham's wife -"because Abimelech had taken Abraham's wife Sarah" (UDB). (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The full meaning can be stated explicitly. AT: "because Abimelech had taken Abraham's wife Sarah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/20/intro.md b/gen/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6f20fdfb9c --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Genesis 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "She is my sister" ##### +Abraham was afraid the people of Gerar would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Sarah to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Abraham's sister, they would have shown favor to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]). + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Irony ##### +Abraham believed that the people of Gerar did not fear Yahweh, but when confronted by Yahweh, the king showed that he feared Yahweh. Instead, it was Abraham who did not show any fear of Yahweh when he sinned. This is irony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/01.md b/gen/21/01.md index fe2abe018e..05df52874e 100644 --- a/gen/21/01.md +++ b/gen/21/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## Yahweh paid attention to Sarah ## +# Yahweh paid attention to Sarah -The phrase "paid attention to" implies helping or judging someone. Here it refers to Yahweh helping Sarah have a baby. This can be translated as "Yahweh helped Sarah." +Here the phrase "paid attention to" refers to Yahweh helping Sarah have a baby. AT: "Yahweh helped Sarah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## bore a son to Abraham ## +# bore a son to Abraham "gave birth to Abraham's son" -## in his old age ## +# in his old age "when Abraham was very old" -## at the set time of which God had spoken to him ## +# at the set time of which God had spoken to him "at the exact time that God had told him it would happen" -## Abraham named his son, the one who had been born to him, whom Sarah bore to him, Isaac. ## +# Abraham named his son, the one who had been born to him, whom Sarah bore to him, Isaac -“Abraham named his newborn son, the one Sarah gave birth to, Isaac” or "Abraham named their newborn son Isaac." +"Abraham named his newborn son, the one Sarah gave birth to, Isaac" or "Abraham named their newborn son Isaac" -## Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old ## +# Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old "When his son Isaac was eight days old, Abraham circumcised him" -## eight days ## +# eight days "8 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## had commanded him ## +# had commanded him "had commanded Abraham to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/05.md b/gen/21/05.md index 93d12c119d..80e2e0d1c3 100644 --- a/gen/21/05.md +++ b/gen/21/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## one hundred ## +# one hundred -"100" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"100" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## God has made me laugh ## +# God has made me laugh -Sarah was laughing because she was surprised and happy. This can also be translated as "God has caused me to laugh joyfully." +Sarah was laughing because she was surprised and happy. This can be made explicit. AT: "God has caused me to laugh joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## every one who hears ## +# every one who hears -What people would hear can be stated explicitly: "everyone who hears about what God has done for me" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +What people would hear can be stated explicitly. AT: "everyone who hears about what God has done for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children ## +# Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children -This is a rhetorical question which emphasizes how unlikely it was for Sarah to have children. It can also be translated as a statement: "No one would have ever said to Abraham, 'Sarah will nurse children.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one would have ever said to Abraham that Sarah will nurse children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## nurse children ## +# nurse children -This refers to breast-feeding babies. It can also be translated as "feed a baby her own milk" or "have a baby and feed it." \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite way of referring to breast-feeding babies. AT: "feed a baby her own milk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/08.md b/gen/21/08.md index cf019819c2..fc3417c1c0 100644 --- a/gen/21/08.md +++ b/gen/21/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## The child grew and was weaned ## +# The child grew and ... Isaac was weaned -This can be translated as "The baby grew and no longer needed his mother's milk" or "The baby grew, and his mother stopped feeding him her milk." +"Wean" is a polite way of saying the child was finished with breast feeding. AT: "Isaac grew, and when he no longer needed his mother's milk, Abraham had a large feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## The child grew and was weaned, and Abraham made a great feast on the day that Isaac was weaned ## +# the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham -"The child grew, and when Isaac no longer needed mother's milk, Abraham had a large feast." The phrases "the child" and "Isaac" both refer to to Abraham and Sarah's baby boy. +The name of Hagar's son can be stated explicitly. AT: "Ishmael, the son of Hagar the Egyptian and Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham, mocking ## +# mocking -The name of Hagar's son can be stated explicitly. "Ishmael, the son of Hagar the Egyptian and Abraham, laughing at Isaac." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +It can be stated explicitly that he was jeering or laughing at Isaac. AT: "laughing at Isaac" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/10.md b/gen/21/10.md index 8bf0a4dc88..37ff23e6b3 100644 --- a/gen/21/10.md +++ b/gen/21/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## she said to Abraham ## +# she said to Abraham "Sarah said to Abraham" -## Drive out ## +# Drive out -"send away" or "get rid of" (UDB) +"send away" or "get rid of" -## this slave woman and her son ## +# this slave woman and her son -This refers to Hagar and Ishmael. Sarah probably did not refer to to them by name because she was angry with them. +This refers to Hagar and Ishmael. Sarah probably did not refer to them by name because she was angry with them. -## with my son, with Isaac ## +# with my son, with Isaac "with my son Isaac" -## This thing was very grievous to Abraham ## +# This thing was very grievous to Abraham "Abraham was very unhappy about what Sarah said" -## because of his son ## +# because of his son -"because it was about his son" \ No newline at end of file +"because it was about his son." It is implied that this means his son, Ishmael. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/12.md b/gen/21/12.md index e963799809..93efb07135 100644 --- a/gen/21/12.md +++ b/gen/21/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Do not be grieved because of the lad, and because of your servant woman ## +# Do not be grieved because of the lad, and because of your servant woman -"Do not be upset about the boy and your handmaid." +"Do not be upset about the boy and your handmaid" -## Listen to her words in all she says to you about this matter ## +# Listen to her words in all she says to you about this matter -Since listening implies doing, it can also be translated as "Do everything that Sarah says to you about them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"Do everything that Sarah says to you about them" -## that your descendants will be named ## +# it is through Isaac that your descendants will be named -This can be translated with an active clause: "that people will name your descendants" or "that people will list your descendants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The phrase "will be named" means those born through Isaac are the ones God considers to be the descendants that he promised Abraham. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Isaac is the one who will be the forefather of the descendants I promised to give you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## it is through Isaac that your descendants will be named ## +# I will also make the son of the servant woman into a nation -This can be translated as "Isaac is the one from whom all of your descendants will come" or "Isaac is the one who will be the forefather of the descendants I promised to give you" (UDB). - -## I will also make the son of the servant woman into a nation ## - -This can be translated as "I will also make the descendants of the servant woman's son to become a great nation" or "I will make the servant woman's son also become the ancestor of a great nation." \ No newline at end of file +The word "nation" means God will give him many descendants so that they become a great nation of people. AT: "I will make the servant woman's son also become the father of a great nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/14.md b/gen/21/14.md index e22647c949..1182cb167d 100644 --- a/gen/21/14.md +++ b/gen/21/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## bread ## +# took bread -This may have referred to food in general (as in the UDB) or specifically to bread. +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to food in general or 2) this refers to bread specifically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## a skin of water ## +# a skin of water "a bag of water." The water container was made out of animal skin. -## When the water in the waterskin was gone ## +# When the water in the waterskin was gone -This can be translated as "when the water bag was empty" +"When the water bag was empty" or "When they had drank all of the water" -## about the distance of a bowshot away ## +# about the distance of a bowshot away This refers to the distance that a person could shoot an arrow with a bow. This is about 100 meters. -## Let me not look upon the death of the child ## +# Let me not look upon the death of the child -"I do not want to watch the boy die" +The abstract noun "death" can be stated as "die." AT: "I do not want to watch the boy die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## she lifted up her voice and wept ## +# she lifted up her voice and wept -"she cried out loudly and wept" or "she wept loudly" \ No newline at end of file +Here "voice" stands for the sound of her crying. To "life up her voice" means to cry loudly. AT: "she cried out loudly and wept" or "she wept loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/17.md b/gen/21/17.md index 26a44939fe..f5b5645341 100644 --- a/gen/21/17.md +++ b/gen/21/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## the voice of the lad ## +# the voice of the lad -"the boy's voice" or "the sound of Ishmael" (UDB) +"the boy's voice." Here "voice" stands for the sound of the boy crying or speaking. AT: "the sound of Ishmael" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the angel of God ## +# the angel of God "a messenger from God" or "God's messenger" -## What troubles you ## +# out of heaven -This can be translated as "What is wrong" or "Why are you crying" +Here "heaven" means the place where God lives. -## the voice of the lad where he is ## +# What troubles you -"the voice of the boy lying over there" +"What is wrong" or "Why are you crying" -## raise up the lad ## +# the voice of the lad where he is + +Here "voice" stands for the sound of the boy crying or speaking. AT: "the sound of the boy lying over there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# raise up the lad "help the boy stand up" -## I will make him into a great nation ## +# I will make him into a great nation -This can be translated as "I will make his descendants become a great nation" or "I will make him become the ancestor of a great nation." \ No newline at end of file +To make Ishmael into a great nation means God will give him many descendants who will become a great nation. AT: "I will make his descendants become a great nation" or "I will make him become the ancestor of a great nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/19.md b/gen/21/19.md index 110c3b7dc8..2476af88ea 100644 --- a/gen/21/19.md +++ b/gen/21/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## God opened her eyes, and she saw ## +# God opened her eyes, and she saw -"God caused Hagar to see" or "God showed Hagar" (UDB). The phrase "opened her eyes" is an idiom that means "made her aware of." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +God making Hagar aware of the well is spoken of as if he literally opened her eyes. AT: "God caused Hagar to see" or "God showed her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the skin ## +# the skin "the container made of skin" or "the bag" -## the lad ## +# the lad "the boy" or "Ishmael" -## God was with the lad ## +# God was with the lad -"God guided the boy" or "God blessed the boy" +Here the phrase "was with" is an idiom that means God helped or blessed the boy. AT: "God guided the boy" or "God blessed the boy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he became an archer ## +# became an archer -An archer is a person who hunts with a bow and arrows. This can be translated as "he became very skilled at using a bow and arrows." +"became very skilled at using a bow and arrows" -## got a wife ## +# got a wife "found a wife" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/22.md b/gen/21/22.md index 0b76c55683..727c46fb31 100644 --- a/gen/21/22.md +++ b/gen/21/22.md @@ -1,43 +1,47 @@ -## It came about at that time ## +# It came about at that time -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Phicol ## +# Phicol -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## captain ## +# captain of his army -"commander" (UDB) +"commander of his army" -## his army ## +# his army The word "his" refers to Abimelech. -## God is with you in all that you do ## +# God is with you in all that you do -"God blesses everything you do" +Here the phrase "is with you" is an idiom that means God helps or blesses Abraham. AT: "God blesses everything you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Now therefore ## +# Now therefore -"Therefore" +The word "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. AT: "Therefore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## swear to me here by God ## +# swear to me here by God -"promise me in the name of God" or "promise me with God as your witness" +This is an idiom meaning to make a solemn oath witnessed by a higher authority, in this instance, God. AT: "promise me with God as your witness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## that you will not deal falsely with me ## +# that you will not deal falsely with me "that you will not lie to me" -## covenant faithfulness ## +# will not deal falsely ... with my descendants -This faithfulness because the two men had made a covenant with each other. It can be translated as "faithfulness because of our covenant" or "faithfulness" or "loyalty." +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "will deal honestly with me and my descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## to the land ## +# Show to me ... covenant faithfulness that I have shown to you -"to the people of the land +The two men had made a covenant with each other. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "loyal." AT: "Be as faithful to me and to the land as I have been to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## I swear ## +# to the land -"I swear to show you the kindness you have shown to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "land" stands for the people. AT: "to the people of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I swear + +This can be stated with the understood information. AT: "I swear to be as faithful to you and your people as you have been to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/25.md b/gen/21/25.md index a5a3be39d2..7e8baec1cd 100644 --- a/gen/21/25.md +++ b/gen/21/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Abraham complained to Abimelech concerning a well of water that Abimelech’s servants had seized from him. ## +# Abraham also complained to Abimelech -This can be translated as "Abraham rebuked Abimelech because Abimelech's servants had taken one of Abraham's wells." +Possible meanings are 1) Abraham was complaining about what happened or 2) "Abraham also rebuked Abimelech" -## seized from him ## +# concerning a well of water that Abimelech's servants had seized from him -"taken from Abraham" or "had taken control of" (UDB) +"because Abimelech's servants had taken one of Abraham's wells" -## I have not heard of it until today ## +# seized from him -This can be translated as "and I did not hear about it until today" or "This is the first time I have heard about it." \ No newline at end of file +"taken from Abraham" or "had taken control of" + +# I have not heard of it until today + +"This is the first time I have heard about it" + +# Abraham took sheep and oxen and gave them to Abimelech + +This is a sign of friendship and that Abraham agrees to make covenant with Abimelech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/28.md b/gen/21/28.md index fe4b8911fb..8e509f7a97 100644 --- a/gen/21/28.md +++ b/gen/21/28.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Abraham set seven female lambs of the flock by themselves ## +# Abraham set seven female lambs of the flock by themselves "Abraham separated seven female lambs from the flock" -## seven ## +# seven "7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the flock ## - -This refers to the group of Abraham's sheep. - -## What is the meaning of these seven female lambs that you have set by themselves? ## +# What is the meaning of these seven female lambs that you have set by themselves? "Why have you separated these seven lambs from the flock?" -## you will receive ## +# you will receive "you will take" -## from my hand ## +# from my hand -"from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "hand" stands for Abraham. AT: "from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## so that it may be a witness for me ## +# it may be a witness -This can be translated as "to prove to everyone." \ No newline at end of file +The word "it" refers to the gift of seven lambs. + +# so that it may be a witness for me + +The abstract noun "witness" can be stated as "to prove." AT: "to prove to everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/31.md b/gen/21/31.md index b9321765c4..4ad387c226 100644 --- a/gen/21/31.md +++ b/gen/21/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## he called that place ## +# he called that place "Abraham called that place" -## Beersheba ## +# Beersheba Translators may add a footnote saying "Beersheba can mean either "well of the oath" or "well of seven." -## they both ## +# they both "Abraham and Abimelech" -## Phicol ## +# Phicol -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 21:22](./22.md). - -## returned into the land of the Philistines ## - -"went back to the land of the Philistines" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 21:22](./22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/33.md b/gen/21/33.md index a6957f8ece..051ead5131 100644 --- a/gen/21/33.md +++ b/gen/21/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## a tamarisk tree ## +# a tamarisk tree -This refers to an evergreen tree that can grow in the desert. It can also be translated as "a tree." +This is an evergreen tree that can grow in the desert. It can be stated more generally. AT: "a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## the eternal God ## +# the eternal God -"the God who lives forever" \ No newline at end of file +"the God who lives forever" + +# many days + +"for a long time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/21/intro.md b/gen/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c41ecdbbe7 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Genesis 21 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sarah's anger ##### +After Sarah was able to have her own child, and he survived infancy, she began to get angry with Abraham's other son, Ishmael. He would have been a constant reminder of her own sin. God blessed Ishmael, but he was not able to inherit the promises given to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +##### Abandoning Ishmael ##### +According to the law at this time, Hagar was able to gain her freedom from slavery by abandoning any claim to receive an inheritance. This is why Hagar would have abandoned her son under the tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Treaty ##### +The Gentile king, Abimelech, made a covenant or treaty with Abraham. It is possible that he did this because he recognized the power of Abraham's God, but his exact reasons are unknown. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/01.md b/gen/22/01.md index 415c36735a..3e0c3dee60 100644 --- a/gen/22/01.md +++ b/gen/22/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## It came about ## +# It came about -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## after these things ## +# after these things -The phrase "after these things" refers to the events in chapter 21. +This phrase refers to the events in chapter 21. -## Here I am ## +# God tested Abraham -This can be translated as "Yes?" or "What is it?" or "I am listening." +It is implied that God tests Abraham to learn if Abraham will be faithful to him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: God tested Abraham's faithfulness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Take your son, your only son, whom you love, Isaac ## +# Here I am -This can be translated as "Even though you love him, take Isaac, your only son." +"Yes, I am listening" or "Yes, what is it?" -## the land of Moriah ## +# your only son + +It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "your only son whom I have promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# whom you love + +This emphasizes Abraham's love for his son, Isaac. + +# the land of Moriah "the land called Moriah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## saddled his donkey ## +# saddled his donkey "loaded his donkey" or "put on his donkey what he needed for the journey" -## young men ## +# young men -"servants" (UDB) +"servants" -## set out on his journey ## +# set out on his journey -"started his journey" or "started traveling" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"started his journey" or "started traveling" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/04.md b/gen/22/04.md index f37f9900a7..6531814619 100644 --- a/gen/22/04.md +++ b/gen/22/04.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## saw the place afar off ## +# On the third day + +The word "third" is the ordinal number for three. AT: "After traveling for three days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# saw the place afar off "saw far away the place that God had spoken of" -## young men ## +# young men -"servants" (UDB) +"servants" -## We will worship ## +# We will worship -The word "we" refers only to Abraham and Isaac. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +The word "we" refers only to Abraham and Isaac, but not to the young men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## come again to you ## +# come again to you -"return to you." +"return to you" -## put it on Isaac his son ## +# put it on Isaac his son "had Isaac, his son, carry it" -## He took in his own hand ## +# He took in his own hand -"Abraham himself carried" +Here "his own hand" emphasizes that Abraham himself carried these things. AT: "Abraham himself carried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the fire ## +# the fire -"something for starting a fire" (UDB). It could have been a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. +Here "fire" stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. AT: "something for starting a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## they went both of them together ## +# they went both of them together "they left together" or "the two of them went together" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/07.md b/gen/22/07.md index 02f2fb9f89..3ebc6718d2 100644 --- a/gen/22/07.md +++ b/gen/22/07.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## My father ## +# My father This is a loving way for a son to speak to his father. -## Here I am ## +# Here I am -See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](./01.md). +"Yes, I am listening" or "Yes, what is it?" See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](./01.md). -## my son ## +# my son This is a loving way for a father to speak to his son. -## the fire ## +# the fire -See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:4](./04.md). +Here "fire" stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:6](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the lamb for the burnt offering ## +# the lamb for the burnt offering "the lamb that you will give as a burnt offering" -## will provide the lamb for the burnt offering ## +# God himself -If repetition is awkward, this can be translated as "will take care of that need." +Here "himself" emphasizes that it is God who will provide the lamb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## provide ## +# will provide -"choose" or "select" or "give us" \ No newline at end of file +"will give us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/09.md b/gen/22/09.md index f871685d3c..5ce463d0fc 100644 --- a/gen/22/09.md +++ b/gen/22/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## When they came to the place ## +# When they came to the place "When Abraham and Isaac arrived at the place" -## bound ## +# he bound -"tied up" +"he tied up" -## on the altar, on top of the wood ## +# on the altar, on top of the wood -This can also be translated as "on top of the wood that was on the altar." +"on top of the wood that was on the altar" -## reached out with his hand and took up the knife ## +# reached out with his hand and took up the knife "picked up the knife" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/11.md b/gen/22/11.md index d59421a511..5dc76b1290 100644 --- a/gen/22/11.md +++ b/gen/22/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## the angel of Yahweh ## +# the angel of Yahweh -See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md). +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or 2) this was one of Yahweh's angels or 3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as "the angel of Yahweh" using the normal word that you use for "angel." See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md). -## Here I am ## +# from heaven -See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](./01.md). +This refers to the place where God lives. -## Do not lay your hand upon the lad, nor do anything to harm him ## +# Here I am -God said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that Abraham should not hurt Isaac. AT: “Do not hurt the boy in any way.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"Yes, I am listening" or "Yes, what is it?" See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](./01.md). -## now I know … from me ## +# Do not lay your hand upon the lad, nor do anything to harm him -The words "I" and "me" refer to Yahweh. When translating what is in the quote, do it as the angel of Yahweh did and use the words “I” and "me" when referring to Yahweh. +The phrase "Do no lay your hand upon" is a way of saying "do not harm." God said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that Abraham should not hurt Isaac. AT: "Do not hurt the boy in any way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## seeing that ## +# now I know ... from me + +The words "I" and "me" refer to Yahweh. When translating what is in the quote, do it as the angel of Yahweh did and use the words "I" and "me" when referring to Yahweh. + +# you fear God + +This refers to deeply respecting God and showing that respect by obeying him. + +# seeing that "because I see that" -## have not withheld your son…from me ## +# you have not withheld your son ... from me -"have not held back your son…from me" or "have not refused to give your son…to me" +"you have not held back your son ... from me." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you were willing to offer your son ... to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## your son, your only son ## +# your son, your only son -See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 22:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/13.md b/gen/22/13.md index 9f7bc42f19..03c4acc67c 100644 --- a/gen/22/13.md +++ b/gen/22/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## went and took the ram ## +# was a ram caught in the bushes by his horns -"Abraham went over to the ram and took it." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "was a ram whose horns were stuck in the bushes" or "was a ram stuck in the bushes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Yahweh will provide ## +# went and took the ram -This can be translated as "Yahweh will give what is needed." +"Abraham went over to the ram and took it" -## to this day ## +# will provide ... will be provided -This can also be translated as "even now." +Use the same word for "provide" as you used in [Genesis 22:8](./07.md). -## it will be provided ## +# to this day -This can also be translated with an active clause: "he will provide." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"even now." This means even to the time that the author was writing this book. + +# it will be provided + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will provide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/15.md b/gen/22/15.md index 846b721220..059b7b3bf3 100644 --- a/gen/22/15.md +++ b/gen/22/15.md @@ -1,39 +1,51 @@ -## The angel of Yahweh ## +# The angel of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:11](./11.md). +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or 2) this was one of Yahweh's angels or 3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as "The angel of Yahweh" using the normal word that you use for "angel." See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md). -## and said—this is an oracle of Yahweh ## +# a second time -This is a formal way of saying that the words that follow come directly from Yahweh. It can also be translated as "and said—these are the words of Yahweh" or "and declared these words of Yahweh." +The word "second" is the ordinal number for two. AT: "again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## By myself I have sworn ## +# from heaven -AT: "I have promised and I am my witness." Yahweh said "by myself" to assure Abraham that he would do what he swore to do. +Here the word "heaven" refers to the place where God lives. -## you have done this thing ## +# said—this is Yahweh's declaration + +"spoke this message from Yahweh" or "declared these words of Yahweh." This is a formal way of saying that the words that follow come directly from Yahweh. + +# by myself I have sworn + +"I have promised and I am my witness." To swear means to use the name of something or someone as the basis or power on which the oath is made. There is nothing more powerful for Yahweh to swear by than himself. + +# you have done this thing "you obeyed me" -## have not withheld ## +# have not withheld your son -"have not kept back" +"have not kept back your son." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "were willing to offer your son to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## your son, your only son ## +# your son, your only son -See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](./01.md). +It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 22:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## surely bless ## +# surely bless "certainly bless" -## I will greatly multiply your descendants ## +# I will greatly multiply your descendants "I will cause your descendants to increase again and again" or "I will cause your descendants to be very many" -## as the stars of heaven, and as the sand which is upon the seashore ## +# as the stars of the heavens, and as the sand which is upon the seashore -God compared Abraham's descendants to the stars and the sand. Just as people cannot count the huge number of stars or the grains of sand, so there would be so many of Abraham's descendants that people would not be able to count them. AT: "beyond what you can count." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +God compared Abraham's descendants to the stars and the sand. Just as people cannot count the huge number of stars or the grains of sand, so there would be so many of Abraham's descendants that people would not be able to count them. AT: "beyond what you can count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## will possess the gate of their enemies ## +# as the stars of the heavens -This means "will triumph over their enemies." Armies would break through the gate of their enemies' cities and conquer them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "heavens" refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars. + +# will possess the gate of their enemies + +Here "gate" represents the whole city. To "possess the gate of their enemies" means destroying their enemies. AT: "will completely triumph over their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/18.md b/gen/22/18.md index 9a50240c73..6030088d54 100644 --- a/gen/22/18.md +++ b/gen/22/18.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + The angel of Yahweh continues speaking to Abraham. -## all the nations of the earth will be blessed ## +# all the nations of the earth will be blessed -"I, the Lord, will bless all the people living everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I, the Lord, will bless all the people living everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you have obeyed my voice ## +# nations of the earth -God said “my voice” to refer to what he had said earlier. This can be translated as "you have obeyed what I said" or "you have obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "nations" stands for the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Abraham returned ## +# you have obeyed my voice -Only Abraham was named because he was the father, but it was implied that his son went with him. Alternate translation: "Abraham and his son went back." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "voice" stands for what God said. AT: "you have obeyed what I said" or "you have obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## young men ## +# Abraham returned -"servants" (UDB) +Only Abraham was named because he was the father, but it was implied that his son went with him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Abraham and his son went back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they departed ## +# young men + +"servants" + +# they departed "they left that place" -## he lived at Beersheba ## +# he lived at Beersheba -Only Abraham was mentioned because he was the leader of his family and servants, but it was implied that they were with him. Alternate translation: "Abraham and his people stayed in Beersheba." \ No newline at end of file +Only Abraham was mentioned because he was the leader of his family and servants, but it was implied that they were with him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Abraham and his people stayed in Beersheba" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/20.md b/gen/22/20.md index 9ee2dfca73..b728ae3558 100644 --- a/gen/22/20.md +++ b/gen/22/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## It came about after these things ## +# It came about after these things -This can be translated as "After these events." The phrase "these things" refers to the events of Genesis 22:1-19. +"After these events." The phrase "these things" refers to the events of Genesis 22:1-19. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Abraham was told ## +# Abraham was told -"it was told to Abraham" or "someone told Abraham" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone told Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Milcah has borne children, as well ## +# Milkah has borne children, as well -"Milcah has also borne children" +"Milkah has also borne children" -## Milcah ## +# Milkah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## They were Uz his first-born, Buz his brother ## +# They were Uz his firstborn, Buz his brother -born, Buz his brother** - This can be translated as "The name of his first born was Uz, and the names of the rest of his children were Buz his brother," +"The name of his firstborn was Uz, and the names of the rest of his children were Buz his brother" -## Uz…Buz…Kemuel…Aram…Chesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel ## +# Uz ... Buz ... Kemuel ... Aram ... Kesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel -These are all names of men. Translate this so that it is clear that all of these except Aram are the sons of Nahor and Milcah. \ No newline at end of file +These are all names of men. Translate this so that it is clear that all of these except Aram are the sons of Nahor and Milkah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/23.md b/gen/22/23.md index e0fccabe82..b4785391d1 100644 --- a/gen/22/23.md +++ b/gen/22/23.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Bethuel became the father of Rebekah ## +# Bethuel became the father of Rebekah -This can also be translated as “Later Bethel became the father of Rebekah” or “Later Rebekah was born to Bethuel.” +"Later Bethel became the father of Rebekah" -## Rebekah ## +# These were the eight children that Milkah bore to Nahor, Abraham's brother + +"These were the eight children of Milkah and Nahor, Abraham's brother." This refers to the children that were listed in [Genesis 22:21-22](./20.md). + +# eight + +"8" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# His concubine + +"Nahor's concubine" + +# Reumah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## These were the eight children that Milcah bore to Nahor, Abraham's brother. ## +# also bore -“These were Milcah and Nahor's eight children.” This refers to the children that were listed in Genesis 22:21-22. +"also gave birth to" -## eight ## +# Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah -“8” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## His concubine ## - -“Nahor's concubine” - -## also bore ## - -“also gave birth to - -## Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah ## - -These are all names of men. \ No newline at end of file +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/22/intro.md b/gen/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bb7424bc7e --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Genesis 22 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sacrificing his son ##### +Although Isaac was not Abraham's only son, he was the son who was to inherit Abraham's promised blessings. It is possible this parallels God's actual sacrifice of his son, Jesus, for the sins of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Covenant affirmation ##### +After important events, it is common for Scripture to affirm the tenants of a covenant. This serves as a reminder of the covenant and affirms it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### God tests Abraham ##### +Extra care should be taken when translating "testing." It is best to avoid using the same word used for "tempting" even though they overlap in meaning. This is because Scripture also says God does not tempt anyone. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]] and [James 2:13](../../jas/02/12.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/01.md b/gen/23/01.md index 82daa357b2..432fa919a7 100644 --- a/gen/23/01.md +++ b/gen/23/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Sarah lived a hundred and twenty-seven years. ## +# Sarah lived a hundred and twenty-seven years -seven years.** - "Sarah lived 127 years." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"Sarah lived 127 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## These were the years of the life of Sarah. ## +# These were the years of the life of Sarah -Some translations do not include this sentence. +Some translations do not include this sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Kiriath Arba ## +# Kiriath Arba This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Abraham mourned and wept for Sarah ## +# Abraham mourned and wept for Sarah -This can be translated as "Abraham was very sad and cried because Sarah died." \ No newline at end of file +"Abraham was very sad and cried because Sarah died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/03.md b/gen/23/03.md index 79b08c86f7..75e365a83a 100644 --- a/gen/23/03.md +++ b/gen/23/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## rose up and went from his dead wife ## +# rose up and went from his dead wife -This can be translated as "got up and left the body" +"got up and left his wife's body" -## the sons of Heth ## +# the sons of Heth -"the descendants of Heth" (UDB). It can also be translated as "the Hittites." +Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. AT: "the descendants of Heth" or "the Hittites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## among you ## +# among you -This can be translated as "here" or "in your country." +This idea may be expressed in terms of location. "in your country" or "here" -## Please grant me a property ## +# Please grant me a property -This can be translated as "Sell me some land" or "Allow me to buy a piece of land." +"Sell me some land" or "Allow me to buy a piece of land" -## my dead ## +# my dead -This means "the dead body of a person that I love." It can be translated here as "my wife's body" or "my wife" or "my loved one." \ No newline at end of file +The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as an adjective or a verb. AT: "my dead wife" or "my wife who has died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/05.md b/gen/23/05.md index 03c99ea2db..ae683083b7 100644 --- a/gen/23/05.md +++ b/gen/23/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## sons of Heth ## +# The sons of Heth -See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md). +Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md). AT: "The descendants of Heth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## a prince of God ## +# my master -This probably means "a powerful man" (UDB) or "a mighty leader." +This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham. -## your dead ## +# a prince of God -This can be translated as "your loved one" or "your wife" or "your wife's body." +This is an idiom. This probably means "a powerful man" or "a mighty leader." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the choicest of our tombs ## +# your dead -This can be translated as "the best of our burial places" +The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as a verb or simply as "wife." AT: "your wife who has died" or "your wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## refuse you his tomb ## +# the choicest of our tombs -"withhold his tomb from you" or "refuse to give to you his tomb" \ No newline at end of file +"the best of our burial places" + +# refuse you his tomb + +"withhold his burial place from you" or "refuse to give to you his tomb" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/07.md b/gen/23/07.md index c66c21ff4e..9dd2e09965 100644 --- a/gen/23/07.md +++ b/gen/23/07.md @@ -1,39 +1,43 @@ -## to the people of the land, to the sons of Heth ## +# bowed down -"to the sons of Heth who owned the land" +This means to bend over or kneel down very low to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## sons of Heth ## +# to the people of the land, to the sons of Heth -See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md). +"to the sons of Heth who lived in the area" -## He spoke to them ## +# the sons of Heth -"He spoke with them" +Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md). AT: "the descendants of Heth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Ephron…Zohar ## +# my dead -These are names of men. ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as a verb or simply as "wife." AT: "my wife who has died" or "my wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## the cave of Machpelah ## +# Ephron ... Zohar -"the cave in Machpela." Machpela was the name of an area or region. Ephron owned a field in Machpela and the cave that was in the field. +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## which he owns ## +# the cave of Machpelah, which he owns, which is at the end of his field -This tells something about the cave. Ephron owned the cave. +"his cave that is at the end of his field in Machpelah" -## which is at the end of his field ## +# the cave of Machpelah -This also tells something about the cave. The cave was at the end of Ephron's field. +"the cave in Machpela." Machpela was the name of an area or region. Ephron owned a field in Machpela and the cave that was in the field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the cave of Machpelah, which he owns, which is at the end of his field ## +# which he owns -Alternate translation: "his cave that is at the end of his field in Machpelah." +This tells something about the cave. Ephron owned the cave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) -## publicly ## +# which is at the end of his field -"in front of you all" (UDB) or "in your presence" +This also tells something about the cave. The cave was at the end of Ephron's field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) -## property ## +# sell it to me publicly -"piece of land that I may own and use" \ No newline at end of file +"sell it to me in front of you all" or "sell it to me in your presence" + +# as a property + +"as a piece of land that I may own and use" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/10.md b/gen/23/10.md index b2eaccb822..17a304ed96 100644 --- a/gen/23/10.md +++ b/gen/23/10.md @@ -1,39 +1,51 @@ -## Now ## +# Now Ephron was sitting among the sons of Heth -This word is used here to mark a change from the story to information about Ephron. +Here "Now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Ephron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Ephron ## +# Ephron -This is the man who owned the cave that Abraham wanted to buy. +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## sons of Heth ## +# the sons of Heth -See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md) +Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md). AT: "the descendants of Heth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in the hearing of the sons of Heth ## +# in the hearing of the sons of Heth -This can be translated as "in the presence of the sons of Heth" or "while the sons of Heth listened" or "in their hearing." +The abstract noun "the hearing" can be stated as "hear" or "listening." AT: "so that all the sons of Heth could hear him" or "while all the sons of Heth were listening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## all those who had come into the gate of his city ## +# all those who had come into the gate of his city -This tells which sons of Heth were listening. It can be translated as "all those who had gathered at the gate of his city." The city gate was where the leaders of the city would meet to make important decisions. +This tells which sons of Heth were listening. AT: "all those who had gathered at the gate of his city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) -## his city ## +# gate of his city -This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it. It can also be translated as "the city." +The city gate was where the leaders of the city would meet to make important decisions. -## in the presence of the sons of my people ## +# his city -"in the sight of the sons of my people" or "while my people watch" +"the city where he lived." This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it. -## my people ## +# my master + +This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham. + +# in the presence of the sons of my people + +Here "presence" stands for the people serving as witnesses. AT: "with my fellow countrymen as my witnesses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sons of my people + +This means "my fellow countrymen" or "my fellow Hittites" + +# my people This phrase shows that Ephron was part of that group of people. It does not mean that he was their leader. -## I give it to you to bury your dead ## +# I give it to you to bury your dead -"I give it to you. Bury your dead." +"I give it to you. Bury your dead" -## your dead ## +# your dead -See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:5](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file +The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as a verb or simply as "wife." AT: "your wife who has died" or "your wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/12.md b/gen/23/12.md index 73418fe4e4..75fc43b608 100644 --- a/gen/23/12.md +++ b/gen/23/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## people of the land ## +# bowed himself down -"people who lived in that place" +This means to bend over or kneel down very low to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## in the hearing of the people of the land ## +# people of the land -"while the people of the land were listening" +"people who lived in that area" -## But if you will ## +# in the hearing of the people of the land -This can be translated as "No, but if you are willing" or "No, but if you agree with this." The word "but" shows that there is a contrast between what Ephron offered to do and what Abraham would do. Ephron said that he would give the field to Abraham. Abraham would pay for the field. +The abstract noun "the hearing" can be stated as "hear" or "listening" AT: "so that the people who lived in the area could hear" or "while the people who lived in the area were listening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## I will pay for the field ## +# But if you are willing -This can also be translated as "I will give you money for the field." \ No newline at end of file +The word "but" shows a contrast. Ephron wanted to give the field to Abraham; Abraham wanted to pay for it. AT: "No, but if you are willing" or "No, but if you agree with this" + +# I will pay for the field + +"I will give you money for the field" + +# my dead + +The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as a verb or simply as "wife." AT: "my wife who has died" or "my wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/14.md b/gen/23/14.md index 18b5ed7ec5..51b25edde4 100644 --- a/gen/23/14.md +++ b/gen/23/14.md @@ -1,43 +1,47 @@ -## Ephron ## +# Ephron -See [Genesis 23:10](./10.md) +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Please, my lord, listen to me ## +# Please, my master, listen to me -"Hear me, my lord" or "listen to me, kind sir." +"Hear me, my master" or "Listen to me, kind sir" -## A piece of land worth four hundred shekels of silver, what is that between me and you? ## +# my master -"A piece of land that is worth only four hundred shekels of silver is nothing to you and me." This sentence can be divided in two. "The piece of land is worth only four hundred shekels of silver. For you and me, that is nothing." Ephron meant that since he and Abraham were both so wealthy, 400 pieces of silver was a small amount. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham. -## four hundred shekels of silver ## +# A piece of land worth four hundred shekels of silver, what is that between me and you? -about 4.5 kilograms of silver (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +Ephron meant that since he and Abraham were both so wealthy, 400 pieces of silver was a small amount. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The piece of land is worth only four hundred shekels of silver. For you and me, that is nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## four hundred ## +# four hundred shekels of silver + +This is about 4.5 kilograms of silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# four hundred "400" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Bury your dead ## +# Bury your dead -"Go bury your dead." +The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as a verb or simply as "wife." AT: "Go bury your wife who has died" or "Go bury your wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## Abraham weighed out to Ephron the amount of silver ## +# Abraham weighed out to Ephron the amount of silver -This can be translated as "Abraham weighed out for Ephron the amount of silver" or "Abraham weighed the silver and gave Ephron the amount" or "Abraham counted out to Ephron the amount of silver." +"Abraham weighed the silver and gave Ephron the amount" or "Abraham counted out to Ephron the amount of silver" -## the amount of silver that he had spoken ## +# the amount of silver that he had spoken -"them amount of silver that Ephron had said" +"the amount of silver that Ephron had said" -## in the hearing in the hearing of the sons of Heth ## +# in the hearing of the sons of Heth -This can be translated as "in the presence of the sons of Heth" or "while the sons of Heth listened." +The abstract noun "the hearing" can be stated as "hear" or "listening." AT: "so that all the sons of Heth could hear him" or "while all the sons of Heth were listening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the sons of Heth ## +# the sons of Heth -See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md). +Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md). AT: "the descendants of Heth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## according to the standard measurement of the merchants ## +# according to the standard measurement of the merchants -This can be translated as "using the standard measurement of weight that merchants used" or "He weighed the silver the same way that the merchants used to weigh it." \ No newline at end of file +"using the standard measurement of weight that merchants used." This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "He weighed the silver the same way that the merchants used to weigh it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/17.md b/gen/23/17.md index 137b9959e7..b963cbb634 100644 --- a/gen/23/17.md +++ b/gen/23/17.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## Machpelah ## +# Machpelah -See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:7](./07.md). +Machpela was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Mamre ## +# Mamre -This was a town or small city. +This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## that is, the field, the cave that was in it, and all the trees ## +# that is, the field, the cave that was in it, and all the trees This phrase explains what the author meant when he wrote "the field of Ephron." It was not only the field, but also the cave and trees in the field. -## passed to Abraham by purchase ## +# passed to Abraham by purchase -This can be translated as "was purchased by Abraham" or "became Abraham's possession when he purchased it" or "was bought by Abraham." +"became Abraham's possession when he purchased it" or "belonged to Abraham after he bought it" -## in the presence of the sons of Heth ## +# in the presence of the sons of Heth -This can be translated as “in the sight of the sons of Heth” or “while the sons of Heth watched.” +Here "presence" stands for the people serving as witnesses. AT: "with the people of Heth watching as witnesses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## sons of Heth ## +# the sons of Heth -See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md). +Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md). AT: "the descendants of Heth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## all those who had come into the gate of his city ## +# all those who had come into the gate of his city -This tells which sons of Heth saw Abraham buy the property. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:10](./10.md). +This tells which sons of Heth saw Abraham buy the property. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) -## his city ## +# gate of his city -This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it. It can also be translated as “the city.” \ No newline at end of file +The city gate was where the leaders of the city would meet to make important decisions. + +# his city + +"the city where he lived." This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/19.md b/gen/23/19.md index 086647054b..bfd27f7db1 100644 --- a/gen/23/19.md +++ b/gen/23/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## After this ## +# After this "After he bought the field" -## the cave of the field ## +# the cave of the field -This can be translated as "the cave in the field" +"the cave in the field" -## the field of Machpelah ## +# the field of Machpelah -This can be translated as "the field in Machpelah." +"the field in Machpelah" -## that is, Hebron ## +# that is, Hebron -Possible meanings are 1) Mamre was another name for Hebron or 2) Hebron was formerly called Mamre or 3) Mamre was very near the larger Hebron, so people usually called it Heborn. +Possible meanings are 1) Mamre was another name for Hebron or 2) Hebron was formerly called Mamre or 3) Mamre was very near the larger city of Hebron, so people usually called it Hebron. -## So the field and the cave in it passed to Abraham as a property for a burial place from the sons of Heth ## +# passed to Abraham as a property for a burial place from the sons of Heth -This can also be translated as "So the field and the cave in it became Abraham's property for a burial ground when he bought it from the sons of Heth." +"became Abraham's property for a burial ground when he bought it from the sons of Heth" -## sons of Heth ## +# the sons of Heth -See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md) \ No newline at end of file +Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](./03.md). AT: "the descendants of Heth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/23/intro.md b/gen/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..abb57424a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Genesis 23 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Abraham's character ##### +Abraham's interaction with the people show that he was greatly respected. This would have been unusual for a foreigner and indicates that Abraham was a man of great character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Burial ##### +Burial was a common practice when Abraham lived, but only the wealthy were able to bury their dead relatives in this way. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/01.md b/gen/24/01.md index 0c19eaa76c..a1507a50d0 100644 --- a/gen/24/01.md +++ b/gen/24/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## old, well advanced in years ## +# Now -The words "old" and "well advanced in years" mean the same thing. The two of them together emphasize that Abraham was "very old." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story. -## Put your hand under my thigh ## +# Put your hand under my thigh -Abraham was about to ask the servant to swear to do something. Putting his hand under Abraham's thigh would show that he would certainly do what he would swear to do. +Abraham was about to ask the servant to swear to do something. Putting his hand under Abraham's thigh would show that he would certainly do what he would swear to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## and I will make you swear ## +# I will make you swear -This can be expressed as a command: "and swear." +This can be expressed as a command. AT: "swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## swear by Yahweh ## +# swear by Yahweh -This can be translated as "promise me in the name of Yahweh" or "promise me with God as your witness." +The term "swear by" means to use the name of something or someone as the basis or power on which the oath is made. "promise me with Yahweh as your witness" -## the God of heaven and the God of the earth ## +# the God of heaven and the God of the earth -"the God of heaven and earth" or "the God of everything in heaven and earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] ) +"the God of heaven and earth." The words "heaven" and "earth" are used together to mean every thing that God created. AT: "the God of everything in heaven and earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## from the daughters of the Canaanites, among whom I make my home ## +# heaven -"from these Canaanites that we live among" +This refers to the place where God lives. -## But you will go ## +# from the daughters of the Canaanites -This can be translated as a command: "Swear that you will go" or "But go." +"from the Canaanite women" or "from the Canaanites." This refers to Canaanite females. -## my relatives ## +# among whom I make my home + +"among whom I live." Here, "I" stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. AT: "among whom we live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# But you will go + +This can be stated as a command. AT: "Swear that you will go" or "But go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# my relatives "my family" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/05.md b/gen/24/05.md index c8c6879918..56f53d0361 100644 --- a/gen/24/05.md +++ b/gen/24/05.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## What if ## +# What if "What should I do if" -## will not be willing to follow me ## +# will not be willing to follow me "will not follow me" or "refuses to come back with me" -## Must I take your son back to the land from which you came? ## +# Must I take your son back to the land from which you came -"Should I take you son to live in the land that you came from?" +"Should I take you son to live in the land from which you came" -## Make sure that you do not take my son back there! ## +# Make sure that you do not take my son back there -The phrase "Make sure" emphasizes the command that follows. It can be translated as "Be careful not to take my son back there" or "You definitely must not take my son there." +The phrase "Make sure" emphasizes the command that follows. "Be careful not to take my son back there" or "You definitely must not take my son there" -## promised me with a solemn oath saying, 'To your offspring I will give this land' ## +# who took me from my father's house -This can also be translated with an indirect quotation: "promised me with a solemn oath that he would give this land to my offspring." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +Here "house" stands for the people in his family. AT: "who took me from my father and the rest of my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## promised me with a solemn oath ## +# promised me with a solemn oath "swore an oath to me" -## he will send his angel ## +# saying, 'To your offspring I will give this land,' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "saying that he would give this land to my offspring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# he will send his angel The words "he" and "his" refer to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/08.md b/gen/24/08.md index c078128df8..6eacd2410f 100644 --- a/gen/24/08.md +++ b/gen/24/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Verse 8 is a continuation of the instructions Abraham gave his servant. -## But if the woman is not willing to follow you ## +# But if the woman is not willing to follow you -"But if the woman refuses to come with you." Abraham was answering the servant's question from [Genesis 24:5](./05.md). Abraham did not think that the woman would refuse to come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +"But if the woman refuses to come with you." Abraham was answering the servant's question from [Genesis 24:5](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## you will be free from this oath of mine ## +# you will be free from this oath of mine -"you will be released from the oath you made to me." It can also be translated as "you will not have to do what you swore to do." +"you will be released from the oath you made to me." Not having to fulfill an oath is spoken of as if the person is free from an object to which he was bound. AT: "you will not have to do what you swore to me that you would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## put his hand under the thigh of Abraham his master ## +# put his hand under the thigh of Abraham his master -This was to show that he would certainly do what he was swearing to do. +This was to show that he would certainly do what he was swearing to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## swore to him ## +# swore to him "made an oath to him" -## concerning this matter ## +# concerning this matter -"concerning Abraham's request" or "that he would do what Abraham said." \ No newline at end of file +"concerning Abraham's request" or "that he would do what Abraham said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/10.md b/gen/24/10.md index 71d2b82a77..0a54eaccf6 100644 --- a/gen/24/10.md +++ b/gen/24/10.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## and departed. He also took ## +# departed. He also took The sentence starting with "He also took" gives additional information about what the servant took with him on the journey. He gathered them before he departed. -## He also took with him all kinds of gifts from his master ## +# He also took with him all kinds of gifts from his master -This means that he also took with him many good things that his master wanted to give to the woman's family. +This means he also took many good things that his master wanted to give to the woman's family. -## departed and went ## +# departed and went "set out and went" or "he left and went" -## Aram Naharaim ## +# the city of Nahor -This is the name of an area north of the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the city where Nahor lived" or 2) "the city called Nahor." If you can translate it without choosing a meaning, do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the city of Nahor ## +# He made the camels kneel down -Possible meanings are 1) the city where Nahor lived” or 2) "the city called Nahor.” If you can translate it without choosing a meaning, do so. +Camels are tall animals with long legs. He made them bend their legs and lower their bodies to the ground. "He made the camels lie down" -## He made the camels kneel down ## +# well of water -Camels are tall animals with long legs. He made them bend their legs and lower their bodies to the ground. This could also be translated as "He made the camels lie down." +"water well" or "well" -## well of water ## +# draw water -"water well" or "well" (UDB) - -## draw water ## - -"get water" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"get water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/12.md b/gen/24/12.md index 92ee1f9249..c4701e9c91 100644 --- a/gen/24/12.md +++ b/gen/24/12.md @@ -1,55 +1,47 @@ -## Then he said ## +# Then he said -The word "he" refers to the servant. +"Then the servant said" -## grant me success today and show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham ## +# grant me success today and show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham -This can also be translated as "Show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham by granting me success today." +You can state this with the connecting word "by." This makes clear how the servant wants God to show covenant faithfulness. AT: "Show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham by granting me success today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## grant me success ## +# grant me success -"give me success" or "make me able to do what I have come here to do." The servant wanted to find a good wife for Abraham's son. +"give me success." The servant wanted to find a good wife for Abraham's son. The abstract noun "success" can be stated as a verb. AT: "help me to succeed" or "make me able to do what I have come here to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham ## +# show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham -This is faithfulness because of the covenant that God made with Abraham. It can be translated as "be faithful to my master Abraham because of your covenant.” +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." AT: "be faithful to the covenant you have with my master Abraham" or "be faithful to my master Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Look ## +# Look -Here the word "look" adds emphasis to what follows. +Here the word "Look" adds emphasis to what follows. -## the spring of water ## +# the spring of water -This refers to the well in [Genesis 24:12](./12.md). It could be translated as "the spring" or "the well." +"the spring" or "the well" -## the daughters of the men of the city ## +# the daughters of the men of the city "the young women of the city" -## Let it happen like this ## +# Let it happen like this "Let it happen this way" or "Make this happen" -## When I say to a young woman, 'Please lower your pitcher so that I may drink' ## +# When I say to a young woman, 'Please lower your pitcher so that I may drink,' -This can be expressed with an indirect quote: “When I ask a young woman to let me have a drink from her jar.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +This is a quotation within a quotation. This can be expressed with an indirect quote. AT: "When I ask a young woman to let me have a drink of water from her jar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## When I say to a young woman, 'Please lower your pitcher so that I may drink,' and she says to me... ## +# Please lower your pitcher -This can be translated as separate sentences: "I will say to a young woman, 'Please lower your pitcher so that I may drink.' Let the one who says to me..." +The women carried the pitchers on their shoulder. She would have to lower it to give the man a drink. -## pitcher ## +# pitcher a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids -## camels ## +# that you have shown covenant faithfulness to my master -See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:10](./10.md). - -## your servant Isaac ## - -This refers to Abraham's son. - -## that you have shown covenant faithfulness to my master ## - -"that you have been faithful to my master because of your covenant" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "been faithful." AT: "that you have been faithful to the covenant you have with my master Abraham" or "you have been faithful to my master Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/15.md b/gen/24/15.md index 52da1d7849..101bfca6b3 100644 --- a/gen/24/15.md +++ b/gen/24/15.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## It came about that ## +# It came about that This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## pitcher ## +# pitcher -See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:12](./12.md). +This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](./12.md). -## Rebekah was born to Bethuel the son of Milcah, the wife of Nahor, Abraham’s brother ## +# Rebekah was born to Bethuel son of Milkah, the wife of Nahor, Abraham's brother -"Rebekah's father was Bethuel. His parents were Milcah and Nahor, Abraham's brother" +"Rebekah's father was Bethuel. Bethuel's parents were Milkah and Nahor. Nahor was Abraham's brother" -## Bethuel ## +# Bethuel -Bethuel was Rebekah's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Bethuel was Rebekah's father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Nahor ## +# Nahor -See how you translated this man's name in [Genesis 11:22](../11/22.md). +This is the name of a man. See how you translated his name in [Genesis 11:22](../11/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Milcah ## +# Milkah -Milcah was Nahor's wife and Bethuel's mother. \ No newline at end of file +Milkah was Nahor's wife and Bethuel's mother. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 11:29](../11/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# She went down to the spring ... and came up + +The spring was somewhere lower in elevation than where the servant was standing. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/17.md b/gen/24/17.md index 4420611990..bb13fcf0a2 100644 --- a/gen/24/17.md +++ b/gen/24/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## to meet her ## +# to meet her "to meet the young woman" -## a little drink of water ## +# a little drink of water "a little water" -## pitcher ## +# pitcher -See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:12](./12.md). +This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](./12.md). -## my master ## +# my master -"sir" (UDB) +"sir." Here the woman uses this term of respect to refer to the man, though she is not his slave. -## she quickly let down her pitcher on her hand ## +# she quickly let down her pitcher on her hand -"she quickly lowered her pitcher" \ No newline at end of file +"she quickly lowered her pitcher." She was carrying the pitcher on her shoulder. She had to lower it to get water for the servant. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/19.md b/gen/24/19.md index 6f689af7e2..fdaa30085c 100644 --- a/gen/24/19.md +++ b/gen/24/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## I will draw water ## +# I will draw water "I will get water" -## camels ## - -See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:10](./10.md). - -## So she hurried and emptied her pitcher ## +# So she hurried and emptied her pitcher "So she quickly emptied her pitcher" -## the trough ## +# the trough -"the animals' water trough" (UDB). A trough is a long open container for holding water for animals to drink. \ No newline at end of file +"the animals' water trough." A trough is a long open container for holding water for animals to drink. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/21.md b/gen/24/21.md index 39a8383dbd..245bc858b4 100644 --- a/gen/24/21.md +++ b/gen/24/21.md @@ -1,39 +1,43 @@ -## The man ## +# The man -"The servant" (UDB) +"The servant" -## watched her ## +# watched her "watched Rebekah" or "watched the young woman" -## to see ## +# to see -This is an idiom which you can translate as "to know" (UDB) or "to determine." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Learning something is often spoken of as if it were seeing. AT: "to know" or "to determine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## had prospered his journey ## +# had prospered his journey -"had fulfilled the purpose of his journey" or "had made his journey successful." Since the purpose of his journey was to find a wife for Abraham's son, this could also be translated as "was showing him the woman who would become Isaac's wife." +"had fulfilled the purpose of his journey" or "had made his journey successful." You can make explicit what specifically the servant was trying to determine. AT: "was showing him the woman who would become Isaac's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## camels ## +# or not -See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:10](./10.md). +You can state clearly the understood information. AT: "or not prospered his journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## a gold nose ring weighing half a shekel ## +# a gold nose ring weighing half a shekel -"a gold nose ring that weighed six grams" (UDB). The weight shows its value, so it can also be translated a "an expensive gold nose ring." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +"a gold nose ring that weighed six grams." The weight indicates the value of the ring. AT: "an expensive gold nose ring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## two gold bracelets for her arms weighing ten shekels ## +# two gold bracelets for her arms weighing ten shekels -"two gold bracelets for her arms that weighed 110 grams." The weight shows their size and value, so it can also be translated as "two large gold bracelets for her arms" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +"two gold bracelets for her arms that weighed 110 grams." The weight shows their size and value. AT: "two large gold bracelets for her arms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## Whose daughter are you ## +# Whose daughter are you -This could also be translated as "Who is your father?" +"Who is your father" -## is there room in your father’s house ## +# is there room in your father's house "is there a place in your father's house" -## for us to spend the night ## +# for us -"where we can stay for the night" Apparently other men went on this journey with Abraham's servant. \ No newline at end of file +Apparently other men went on this journey with Abraham's servant. Here "us" refers to the servant and those traveling with him, but not to those to whom he was speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# to spend the night + +"to stay tonight" or "to stay for the night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/24.md b/gen/24/24.md index beb08b72e8..1e370314b4 100644 --- a/gen/24/24.md +++ b/gen/24/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## She said ## +# She said "Rebekah said" or "the young woman said" -## to him ## +# to him "to the servant" -## I am the daughter of Bethuel the son of Milcah, whom she bore to Nahor ## +# I am the daughter of Bethuel son of Milkah, whom she bore to Nahor -"Bethuel is my father, and his parents are Milcah and Nahor" +"Bethuel is my father, and his parents are Milkah and Nahor" -## We have plenty of both straw and feed ## +# We have plenty of both straw and feed -This can be translated as "We have plenty of straw and feed for the camels." \ No newline at end of file +It is understood that the straw and feed are for the camels. You can make clear this understood information. AT: "We have plenty of straw and feed for the camels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# for you to spend the night + +"for you to stay tonight" or "where you can stay for the night" + +# for you + +Here "you" refers to the servant and those traveling with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/26.md b/gen/24/26.md index 194dd73caf..9120842e1c 100644 --- a/gen/24/26.md +++ b/gen/24/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the man ## +# the man -"the servant" (UDB) +"the servant" -## has not forsaken his covenant faithfulness and his trustworthiness ## +# bowed down -"has not stopped showing his covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness" or "has continued to be faithful and trustworthy" +This is a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## covenant faithfulness ## +# has not forsaken his covenant faithfulness and his trustworthiness toward my master -This is faithfulness because of the covenant that God made with Abraham. It can be translated as "faithfulness because of his covenant” or "faithfulness" or "kindness because of his covenant." +"has not stopped showing his covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness to my master." The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be stated as "to be faithful and trustworthy." AT: "has not stopped being faithful to his covenant and trustworthy toward my master" or "has not stopped being faithful and trustworthy to my master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## relatives ## +# has not forsaken + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "continues to show" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# relatives "family" or "clan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/28.md b/gen/24/28.md index 1ea1800061..50b84bd2db 100644 --- a/gen/24/28.md +++ b/gen/24/28.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## all of these things ## +# ran and told her mother's household + +Here "household" stands for all the people living in her mother's house. AT: "ran to the house and told her mother and everyone there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all of these things "everything that had just happened" -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a new part of the story. We learn that Rebekah had a brother, and the story now tells about what he did. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells background information about Rebekah. The author introduces her brother, Laban, to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## spring ## +# When he had seen the nose ring ... and when he had heard the words of Rebekah his sister -See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:12](./12.md). +These things happened before he ran out to the man. This tells why Laban ran out to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -## When he had seen the nose ring ... and when he had heard the words of Rebekah his sister ## +# when he had heard the words of Rebekah his sister, "This is what the man said to me," -This tells why Laban ran out to the man. +This can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "when he had heard his sister Rebekah tell what the man had said to her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## when he had heard the words of Rebekah his sister, "This is what the man said to me" ## +# behold -What Laban heard can be translated as an indirect quote: "when he had heard his sister Rebekah tell what the man had said to her." - -## behold ## - -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. You could translate this as "indeed." \ No newline at end of file +"indeed." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/31.md b/gen/24/31.md index 4b09ae9814..5165ab028d 100644 --- a/gen/24/31.md +++ b/gen/24/31.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Come ## +# Come "Come in" or "Enter" -## you blessed of Yahweh ## +# you blessed of Yahweh "you whom Yahweh has blessed" -## you ## +# you -Here the word "you" refers to Abraham's servant. +Here the word "you" refers to Abraham's servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Why are you standing outside? ## +# Why are you standing outside? -Laban used this question to invite Abraham's servant into his house. You could translate it as "You do not need to stay outside." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Laban used this question to invite Abraham's servant into his house. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You do not need to stay outside." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## he unloaded the camels ## +# So the man came to the house -It is not clear who did this work. Probably Laban told his servants to do it. It can also be translated with as "Laban's servants unloaded the camels" (UDB) or with a passive clause that does not tell who did the work: "the camels were unloaded." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## The camels were given straw and feed, and water was provided ## +# he unloaded the camels -This does not say who did the work. Probably Laban's servants did these things. +It is not clear who did this work. This may be stated in active form. AT: "Laban's servants unloaded the camels" or "the camels were unloaded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to wash his feet and the feet of the men who were with him ## +# The camels were given straw and feed, and water was provided -This can be translated as "for Abraham's servant and the men who were with him to wash their feet." \ No newline at end of file +This does not say who did the work. If you state this in active form use "Laban's servants" as the subject. AT: "Laban's servants gave straw and feed to the camels, and they provided water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to wash his feet ... him + +"for Abraham's servant and the men who were with him to wash their feet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/33.md b/gen/24/33.md index b25e176f5a..09f31625e5 100644 --- a/gen/24/33.md +++ b/gen/24/33.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## They ## +# They set Here, the word "they" refers to Laban's family members or to the household servants. -## set food before him ## +# set food before him "gave food to the servant" -## said what I have to say ## +# said what I have to say "spoken my words" or "told you why I am here" -## he has become great ## +# he has become great Here the word "he" refers to Abraham. -## great ## +# become great -"very wealthy" +"become very wealthy" -## He has given ## +# He has given The word "he" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/36.md b/gen/24/36.md index 69395ed840..e36bb86acd 100644 --- a/gen/24/36.md +++ b/gen/24/36.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -## bore a son to my master ## +# bore a son to my master "gave birth to a son" -## My master made me swear saying ## +# he has given ... to him -"My master made me swear, and he said." This could also be translated as "My master made me swear that I would do what he told me, and he said." +"my master has given ... to his son" -## You must to get a wife ## +# My master made me swear, saying -This is what Abraham had told his servant. The word "you" refers to that servant. +"My master made me swear that I would do what he told me to do. He said" -## from the daughters of the Canaanites, in whose land I dwell ## +# from the daughters of the Canaanites -"from these Canaanites that we live among" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Canaanite females. AT: "from the Canaanite women" or "from the Canaanites" + +# in whose land I make my home + +"among whom I live." Here, "I" stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. AT: "among whom we live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to my relatives + +"to my own clan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/39.md b/gen/24/39.md index 44f3a12429..a6a320228f 100644 --- a/gen/24/39.md +++ b/gen/24/39.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -## Perhaps the woman will not follow me. ## +# Perhaps the woman will not follow me -This is something that could possibly happen. The servant wanted to know what he should do if it did. It could be translated as a question: “What if the woman will not come back with me?” or "What should I do if the woman will not come back with me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +This is something that could possibly happen. AT: "What if the woman will not come back with me." or "What should I do if the woman will not come back with me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## before whom I walk ## +# before whom I walk -This is a way of saying "whom I serve" or "whom I obey." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Serving Yahweh is spoken of as if Abraham were walking in Yahweh's presence. AT: "whom I serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he will prosper your way ## +# he will prosper your way "he will make your journey successful" -## family line ## +# family line "family" -## But you will be free from my oath if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you. Then you will be free from my oath ## +# But you will be free from my oath if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you. Then you will be free from my oath -"But, if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you, then you will be free from my oath." This is a hypothetical situation that Abraham did not think was likely to happen. +This is a hypothetical situation that Abraham did not think was likely to happen. Possible meanings are 1) "There is only one way for you to be free from my oath: if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you, then you will be free from my oath" or, 2) building on verse 40, "If you go to my father's family and ask for a girl, you will have done what I told you to do. If they will not give her to you, then you will be free from the oath you swore to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## if you come to my relatives ## +# you will be free from my oath -Different languages use the words come and go differently. Alternate translations: "if you arrive at my relatives' home" or "if you go to my relatives" \ No newline at end of file +"you will be released from the oath you made to me." Not having to fulfill an oath is spoken of as if the person is free from an object to which he was bound. AT: "you will not have to do what you swore to me that you would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if you come to my relatives + +Languages use the words come and go differently. AT: "if you arrive at my relatives' home" or "if you go to my relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/42.md b/gen/24/42.md index 61c8d2d1cb..b4d964ca46 100644 --- a/gen/24/42.md +++ b/gen/24/42.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -## the spring ## +# the spring "the well" -## here I am, standing by the spring of water ## +# here I am, standing by the spring of water The servant interrupted what he was asking God to do by drawing God's attention to where he was standing. -## let the young woman who comes…the woman to whom I say…the woman who says to me ## +# let the young woman who comes ... the woman to whom I say ... the woman who says to me -The servant went back to stating his request, and he had three things to say about the woman that he hoped would come. +The servant went back to stating his request, and he had three things to say about the woman that he hoped would come. -## to draw water ## +# to draw water "to get water" -## pitcher ## +# pitcher -See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:15](./15.md). +This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](./12.md). -## let her be the one ## +# let her be the woman -The servant finished his request \ No newline at end of file +The servant finished his request. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/45.md b/gen/24/45.md index c4146e38e0..ecd0c4233e 100644 --- a/gen/24/45.md +++ b/gen/24/45.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -## speaking in my heart ## +# speaking in my heart -This means that he was praying quietly in his mind. Rebekah could not have heard what he was saying. It can be translated as "praying" (UDB) or "praying quietly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +To pray silently in one's mind is spoken of as if he were speaking in his heart. The word "heart" refers to his thoughts and his mind. AT: "praying" or "praying quietly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. It can be translated as "indeed" or "suddenly." +"indeed" or "suddenly." The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## pitcher ## +# pitcher -See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:15](./15.md). +This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](./12.md). -## spring ## +# she went down to the spring + +The phrase "went down" is used because the spring was somewhere lower than where the servant was standing. + +# spring "well" -## watered the camels ## +# watered the camels "gave water to the camels" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/47.md b/gen/24/47.md index aa19556161..8f4e3d69af 100644 --- a/gen/24/47.md +++ b/gen/24/47.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -## The daughter of Bethuel, Nahor’s son, whom Milcah bore to him. ## +# The daughter of Bethuel, Nahor's son, whom Milkah bore to him -"My father is Bethuel. His parents are Nahor and Milcah." +"My father is Bethuel. His parents are Nahor and Milkah" -## led me by the right way ## +# ring ... bracelets + +In this story, all of these items were made of gold. See how you translated these in [Genesis 24:22](./21.md). + +# I bowed down + +This is a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# led me by the right way "brought me here" -## who had led me ## +# who had led me -This can be translated as "because Yahweh led me" +The connecting word "because" can be used to show this is why the servant worshiped God. AT: "because Yahweh led me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## my master's relative ## +# my master's relative This refers to Bethuel, the son of Abraham's brother Nahor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/49.md b/gen/24/49.md index 9adfd18433..386a2aebee 100644 --- a/gen/24/49.md +++ b/gen/24/49.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family. -## Now therefore ## +# Now therefore -"Now" (UDB). +"Now." Here "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## if you are prepared to treat my master with family faithfulness and trustworthiness, tell me. ## +# if you are prepared to treat my master with family faithfulness and trustworthiness, tell me -How they could show their faithfulness and trustworthiness can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "tell me if you will be faithful and trustworthy to my master by giving Rebekah to be his son's wife." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +How they could show their faithfulness and trustworthiness can be stated explicitly. AT: "tell me if you will be faithful and trustworthy to my master by giving Rebekah to be his son's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## you ## +# you The word "you" refers to Laban and Bethuel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## family faithfulness ## +# faithfulness and trustworthiness + +These abstract nouns can be stated as "faithful and trustworthy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# family faithfulness This is faithfulness to family members. -## so that I may turn to the right hand, or to the left ## +# But if not -Possible meanings are 1) "so that I will know what do" or 2) "so that I may continue on my journey." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "But if you are not prepared to treat my master with family faithfulness and trustworthiness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# so that I may turn to the right hand, or to the left + +Possible meanings are 1) deciding what to do is spoken of as if the person will physically turn one direction or another. AT: "so that I will know what do" or 2) the servant wants to know if he needs to travel somewhere else. AT: "so that I may continue on my journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/50.md b/gen/24/50.md index bd0cd1b395..4b0a775ac0 100644 --- a/gen/24/50.md +++ b/gen/24/50.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Bethuel ## +# Bethuel -This was Laban and Rebekah's father. +This was the father of Laban and Rebekah. -## The thing has come from Yahweh ## +# The thing has come from Yahweh "Yahweh has caused all of this to happen" -## we cannot speak to you either bad or good ## +# we cannot speak to you either bad or good -This is an idiom which means Laban and Bethuel do not have the authority to decide whether what God has done is good or bad. This can be translated as "we dare not judge what Yahweh is doing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +They are saying they do not have the authority to decide whether what God has done is good or bad. AT: "we dare not judge what Yahweh is doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Look ## +# Look -The word “look” here adds emphasis to what follows. +The word "Look" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## Rebekah is before you. ## +# Rebekah is before you -"Here is Rebekah." \ No newline at end of file +"Here is Rebekah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/52.md b/gen/24/52.md index 691f36ba07..7195abca58 100644 --- a/gen/24/52.md +++ b/gen/24/52.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## their words ## +# their words -"Laban and Bethuel's words" or "what Laban and Bethuel said" +"what Laban and Bethuel said" -## articles of silver and articles of gold ## +# he bowed himself down + +Bowing down before God is an expression of worship to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# articles of silver and articles of gold "silver and gold items" or "things made of silver and gold" -## precious ## +# precious gifts -"expensive" or "valuable" \ No newline at end of file +"expensive gifts" or "valuable gifts" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/54.md b/gen/24/54.md index 93a528b36a..38237faebd 100644 --- a/gen/24/54.md +++ b/gen/24/54.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## he and the men that were with him ## +# he and the men who were with him "Abraham's servant and his men" -## stayed there overnight ## +# stayed there overnight "slept there that night" -## arose in the morning ## +# arose in the morning "got up the next morning" -## a few more days, at least ten ## +# Send me away + +"Let me leave and return" + +# a few more days, at least ten "at least ten more days" -## ten ## +# ten "10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## After that ## +# After that "Then" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/56.md b/gen/24/56.md index feb08ab5bb..074fc9216c 100644 --- a/gen/24/56.md +++ b/gen/24/56.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## he said ## +# he said "Abraham's servant said" -## to them ## +# to them "to Rebekah's brother and mother" -## Do not hinder me ## +# Do not hinder me -"Do not delay me" (UDB) or "Do not make me wait" +"Do not delay me" or "Do not make me wait" -## Send me on my way ## +# Yahweh has prospered my way + +Here "way" stands for a journey. AT: "Yahweh has caused me to succeed in the purpose my journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Send me on my way "Allow me to leave" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/59.md b/gen/24/59.md index 6eab8c101e..6a8cf2eda5 100644 --- a/gen/24/59.md +++ b/gen/24/59.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## So they sent their sister Rebekah ## +# So they sent their sister Rebekah "So the family sent Rebekah" -## their sister ## +# their sister -Rebekah was Laban's sister. Alternate translation: "their relative" or "Laban's sister" +Rebekah was Laban's sister. AT: "their relative" or "Laban's sister" -## her female servant ## +# her female servant This refers to the female servant who had fed Rebekah when she was a baby, cared for her when she was a child, and still served her. -## Our sister ## +# Our sister -Rebekah was not the sister to everyone in her family. But they called her this to show that they loved her. Alternate translation: "Our dear Rebekah." +Rebekah was not the sister to everyone in her family. But they called her this to show that they loved her. AT: "Our dear Rebekah" -## may you be the mother of thousands of ten thousands ## +# may you be the mother of thousands of ten thousands -"may you be the ancestor of millions of people." Alternate translation: "may you have very many descendants." +Here "mother" stands for ancestor. AT: "may you be the ancestor of millions of people" or "may you have very many descendants" -## may your descendants possess the gate of those who hate them ## +# thousands of ten thousands -This means “may your descendants completely defeat those who hate them.” Armies would break through the gate of their enemies' cities and conquer the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means a very large number or an uncountable number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# may your descendants possess the gate of those who hate them + +Armies would break through the gate of their enemies' cities and conquer the people. AT: "may your descendants completely defeat those who hate them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/61.md b/gen/24/61.md index 9f8e506548..7169f6906a 100644 --- a/gen/24/61.md +++ b/gen/24/61.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Then Rebekah arose and she and her servant girls mounted the camels ## +# Then Rebekah arose, and she and her servant girls mounted the camels "Then Rebekah and her servant girls went and got on the camels" -## Thus the servant took Rebekah, and went his way ## +# Thus the servant took Rebekah, and went his way -"In this way Abraham's servant took Rebekah and went back to where he had come from" +"In this way Abraham's servant took Rebekah with him and returned to where he had come from" -## Now ## +# Now This word marks a change in the story. It was telling about the servant finding a wife, and now it will tell about Isaac. -## Beerlahairoi ## +# Beer Lahai Roi -This is the name of a water well in the Negev. See how you translated it in [Genesis 16:13](../16/13.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a water well in the Negev. See how you translated it in [Genesis 16:14](../16/13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/63.md b/gen/24/63.md index 1164620984..89f095c14b 100644 --- a/gen/24/63.md +++ b/gen/24/63.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Isaac went out to meditate in the field in the evening ## +# Isaac went out to meditate in the field in the evening "One evening Isaac went out to the field to think." This must have been a long time after the servant and Rebekah left her home since they had to travel a long distance. -## When he looked up and saw, behold, there were camels coming! ## +# When he looked up and saw, behold, there were camels coming! -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. This could be translated as "When he looked up he was surprised to see camels coming." +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. "When he looked up he was surprised to see camels coming" -## Rebekah looked ## +# Rebekah looked "Rebekah looked up" -## she jumped down from the camel ## +# she jumped down from the camel "she quickly got off the camel" -## So she took her veil, and covered herself ## +# So she took her veil, and covered herself -"So she covered her face with her veil." +"So she covered her face with her veil." This is a sign of respect and modesty towards the man she will marry. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## veil ## +# veil -a piece of cloth used to cover a person's head, shoulders, and face \ No newline at end of file +a piece of cloth used to cover a person's head, shoulders and face \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/66.md b/gen/24/66.md index b7ede140c4..402bb94e5f 100644 --- a/gen/24/66.md +++ b/gen/24/66.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## and took Rebekah, and she became his wife ## +# took Rebekah, and she became his wife -Alternate translations: "and married Rebekah" or "and took her as his wife" +Both of these phrases mean that Isaac married Rebekah. AT: "married Rebekah" or "took her as his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## So Isaac was comforted ## +# So Isaac was comforted -This can be translated with an active clause: "So Rebekah comforted Isaac." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So Rebekah comforted Isaac" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/24/intro.md b/gen/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b257f0653 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# Genesis 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended or special quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 24:60, which is a quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Intermarriage ##### + +Abraham forbid any marriage between his son and the people of Canaan. This is because it would cause him to worship other gods. Intermarriage and worshiping false gods are things that frequently caused Abraham's descendants to struggle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +##### Abraham's wealth ##### + +There are many instances recorded in this chapter which highlight Abraham's significant wealth. He owned more than 10 camels and had large amounts of gold. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Put your hand under my thigh" ##### + +Many scholars believe this is a euphemism. Putting one's hand on a man's genitals was a way to make an important oath. It represented power and progeny. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/01.md b/gen/25/01.md index a455ba0da9..4cdd74c164 100644 --- a/gen/25/01.md +++ b/gen/25/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]. -## All these ## +# All these -This refers to the people named in verses 2 through 4. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the people named in verses 2-4. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/05.md b/gen/25/05.md index a1845771f1..9040656d58 100644 --- a/gen/25/05.md +++ b/gen/25/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Abraham gave all that he owned to Isaac ## +# Abraham gave all that he owned to Isaac "Isaac inherited all that Abraham owned." It was normal for the father to divide his wealth when he was old and not leave that for others to do after he died. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/07.md b/gen/25/07.md index 8fec342328..39e4cff09b 100644 --- a/gen/25/07.md +++ b/gen/25/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## These are the days of the years of Abraham’s life which he lived, 175 years ## +# These were the days of the years of Abraham's life which he lived, 175 years -"Abraham lived 175 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"These were ... he lived, one hundred and seventy-five years." Abraham lived 175 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Abraham breathed his last and died ## +# Abraham breathed his last and died -"Abraham took his last breath and died." Alternate translation: "Abraham died" +"Abraham took his last breath and died." The phrases "breathed his last" and "died" mean basically the same thing. AT: "Abraham died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## at a good old age, an old man with a full life ## +# breathed his last + +This is a polite way of saying a person died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# at a good old age, an old man with a full life These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Abraham lived a very long time. AT: "when he had lived a very long time and was very old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## he was gathered to his people ## +# an old man with a full life -This means that after Abraham died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. Alternate translation: "he joined his family members who had already died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Living a long life is spoken of as if life were a container that becomes full. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he was gathered to his people + +This means that after Abraham died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he joined his family members who had already died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/09.md b/gen/25/09.md index 0b66896be3..c1bfeb3c3b 100644 --- a/gen/25/09.md +++ b/gen/25/09.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron ## +# the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron -Ephron owned a field in Machpela and the cave that was in that field. Abraham bought the field from Ephron. +Ephron owned a field in Machpelah and the cave that was in that field. Abraham bought the field from Ephron. -## Machpelah ## +# Machpelah -See how you translated this place name in [Genesis 23:7](../23/07.md). +Machpelah was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Ephron...Zohar ## +# Ephron ... Zohar -See how you translated these men's names in [Genesis 23:7](../23/07.md). +These are names of men. See how you translated these men's names in [Genesis 23:8](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## which is near Mamre ## +# which is near Mamre Machpela was near Mamre. -## Mamre ## +# Mamre -See how you translated this place name in [Genesis 23:17](../23/17.md). +This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this place name in [Genesis 23:17](../23/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## This field Abraham had bought ## +# This field Abraham had bought "Abraham had bought this field" -## sons of Heth ## +# sons of Heth "the descendants of Heth" or "the Hittites." See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:5](../23/05.md). -## Beerlahairoi ## +# Abraham was buried -See how you translated this place name in [Genesis 16:13](../16/13.md). \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They buried Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his son + +"Abraham's son" + +# Beer Lahai Roi + +This name means "the well of the living one who sees me." See how you translated this place name in [Genesis 16:14](../16/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/12.md b/gen/25/12.md index 6a2b1be10f..6595ae414e 100644 --- a/gen/25/12.md +++ b/gen/25/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Now ## +# Now This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story and information about Ishmael. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/13.md b/gen/25/13.md index 5d9432c5d6..1e899038ff 100644 --- a/gen/25/13.md +++ b/gen/25/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]. -## These were Ishmael's sons, and these were their names, by their villages, and by their encampments; twelve princes according to their tribes ## +# These were Ishmael's sons, and these were their names, by their villages, and by their encampments; twelve princes according to their tribes -AT: "These were the names of Ishmael's twelve sons. They led tribes that were named after them, and they each had their own villages and campsites." +This can be stated as two sentences. "These were the names of Ishmael's twelve sons. They led tribes that were named after them, and they each had their own villages and campsites" -## twelve ## +# twelve -"12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# princes + +Here the word "princes" means that the men were leaders or rules of the tribes; it does not mean that they were the sons of a king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/17.md b/gen/25/17.md index 14e8be4a4d..9797eea2a5 100644 --- a/gen/25/17.md +++ b/gen/25/17.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## These are the years of the life of Ishmael, 137 years ## +# These were the years of the life of Ishmael, 137 years -"Ishmael lived 137 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"These were ... Ishmael, one hundred and thirty-seven years." Ishmael lived 137 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## breathed his last and died ## +# breathed his last and died -See how you translated this in [Genesis 25:7](./07.md). +The terms "breathed his last" and "died" mean basically the same thing. AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## was gathered to his people ## +# was gathered to his people -See how you translated this in [Genesis 25:7](./07.md). +This means that after Ishmael died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he joined his family members who had already died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They lived ## +# They lived -"His descendants settled" (UDB) +"His descendants settled" -## from Havilah to Shur ## +# from Havilah to Ashhur -"between Havilah and Shur" +"between Havilah and Ashhur" -## Havilah ## +# Havilah -See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:11](../02/11.md). +Havilah was located somewhere in the Arabian Desert. See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## as one goes toward ## +# as one goes toward "in the direction of" -## They lived in hostility with each other ## +# They lived in hostility with each other -Possible meanings are 1) "they did not live in peace together" (UDB), or 2) "they lived away from their other relatives." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "they did not live in peace together," or 2) "they lived away from their other relatives." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/19.md b/gen/25/19.md index f4c77238b0..92452e4ead 100644 --- a/gen/25/19.md +++ b/gen/25/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## These are the events concerning Isaac, Abraham’s son ## +# These were the events concerning Isaac, Abraham's son -This sentence introduces the account of Isaac's descendants in Genesis 25:19-35:29. It could be translated as “This is the account of the descendants of Isaac, Abraham's son." +This sentence introduces the account of Isaac's descendants in Genesis 25:19-35:29. AT: "This is the account of the descendants of Isaac, Abraham's son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## forty ## +# forty years old -"40" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"40 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## when he took as his wife Rebekah ## +# when he took as his wife Rebekah "when he married Rebekah" -## Bethuel ## +# Bethuel -See how you translated this man's name in [Genesis 22:20](../22/20.md). +Bethuel was Rebekah's father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Paddan-aram ## +# Paddan Aram -aram** - This is the name of a land. - -## Laban ## - -See how you translated this man's name in [Genesis 24:28](../24/28.md). \ No newline at end of file +This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/21.md b/gen/25/21.md index 31fe979172..6fd17ff8f3 100644 --- a/gen/25/21.md +++ b/gen/25/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## she was childless ## +# she was childless "she was unable to become pregnant" -## Rebekah his wife conceived ## +# Rebekah his wife conceived -It can be made explicit that Rebekah was pregnant with two babies at the same time: "Rebekah, his wife, became pregnant with twins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It can be made explicit that Rebekah was pregnant with two babies at the same time: "Rebekah, his wife, became pregnant with twins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The children struggled together within her ## +# The children struggled together within her -Alternate translationS: "the babies inside her kept bumping against each other" or "The babies fought within her" +"the babies inside her kept bumping against each other" or "The babies pushed against each other within her" -## She went to ask Yahweh about this ## +# The children ... within her -Verse 23 gives Yahweh's answer. Alternate translation: "She went and asked Yahweh about this." \ No newline at end of file +Rebekah was pregnant with twins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# She went to ask Yahweh about this + +"She went and asked Yahweh about this." It is not clear where she went. She may have gone somewhere private to pray, or she may have gone somewhere to offer a sacrifice. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/23.md b/gen/25/23.md index b70984c56f..b1ede7da7e 100644 --- a/gen/25/23.md +++ b/gen/25/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## said to her ## +# said to her "said to Rebekah" -## Two nations are in your womb ## +# Two nations ... serve the younger -This is poetic language that means the two children will start two separate nations. Alternate translations: "Two nations will come from the twins within you" or "The two babies in your womb will each become the ancestor of a nation." +This is poetic language. If your language has a way to indicate poetry, you could use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) -## And two peoples will be separated from within you ## +# Two nations are in your womb -This can be translated with an active verb: "And those two groups of people will separate from each other even when you give birth to them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "two nations" stands for the two children. Each child will be the father of a nation. AT: "Two nations will come from the twins within you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the older will serve the younger ## +# two peoples will be separated from within you + +Here "two peoples" stands for the two children. Each child will be the father of a people. This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "when you give birth to these two children they will be rivals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the older will serve the younger Possible meanings are 1) "the older son will serve the younger son" or 2) "the descendants of the older son will serve the descendants of the younger son." If possible, translate it so that people could understand either meaning. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/24.md b/gen/25/24.md index fded9b5d4e..c28276d531 100644 --- a/gen/25/24.md +++ b/gen/25/24.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as “indeed.” +The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. "indeed" -## red all over like a hairy garment ## +# red all over like a hairy garment -Possible meanings are 1) his skin was red and he had a lot of hair on his body or 2) he had a lot of red hair on his body. Alternate translation "and he was red and hairy like a garment made of animal hair." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Possible meanings are 1) his skin was red and he had a lot of hair on his body or 2) he had a lot of red hair on his body. AT: "red and hairy like a garment made of animal hair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Esau ## +# Esau Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Esau sounds like the word 'hairy.'" -## grasping Esau's heel ## +# grasping Esau's heel "holding the back part of Esau's foot" -## Jacob ## +# Jacob -Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Jacob means 'he grasps the heel.' This is a way of saying 'he deceives.'” +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Jacob means 'he grasps the heel.'" -## sixty ## +# sixty years old -"60" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"60 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/27.md b/gen/25/27.md index fa7beb017e..0690f87bea 100644 --- a/gen/25/27.md +++ b/gen/25/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## became a skillful hunter ## +# became a skillful hunter "became good at hunting and killing animals for food" -## a quiet man ## +# a quiet man "a peaceful man" or "a less active man" -## Now ## +# who spent his time in the tents -This word is used here to mark a change from the story to information about Isaac and Rebekah. +This speaks about time as if it were a commodity that someone could spend. AT: "who remained in the tents much of the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## because he ate the animals that he had hunted ## +# Now -"because he ate the animals that Esau had hunted" or "because he enjoyed eating the wild animal meat that Esau caught." \ No newline at end of file +This word is used to mark a change in focus, shifting from the story to background information about Isaac and Rebekah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Isaac loved + +Here the word "loved" means "favored" or "preferred." + +# because he ate the animals that he had hunted + +"because he ate the animals that Esau had hunted" or "because he enjoyed eating the wild animal meat that Esau caught" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/29.md b/gen/25/29.md index 529cffc27a..12ac80a431 100644 --- a/gen/25/29.md +++ b/gen/25/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Jacob cooked ## +# Jacob cooked -Since this is the beginning of a story about something that happened one time, some translators may want to start it with a phrase like “One day, Jacob cooked” in a similar manner to the UDB. +Since this is the beginning of a story about something that happened one time, some translators may want to start it with a phrase like "One day, Jacob cooked" in a similar manner to the UDB. -## cooked some stew ## +# cooked some stew -"boiled some food" or "cooked some soup." This stew was made of boiled lentils. (See: [Genesis 25:31](./31.md)) +"boiled some food" or "cooked some soup." This stew was made of boiled lentils. (See: [Genesis 25:34](./31.md)) -## he was weak from hunger ## +# he was weak from hunger -Alternate translations: "he was very hungry" or "he was weak because he was very hungry" +"he was weak because he was very hungry" or "he was very hungry" -## I am exhausted ## +# I am exhausted -"I am weak from hunger." Alternate translation: "I am starving." +"I am weak from hunger" or "I am very hungry" -## Edom ## +# Edom Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Edom means 'red.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/31.md b/gen/25/31.md index c9267773a2..0c3e964fe5 100644 --- a/gen/25/31.md +++ b/gen/25/31.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## birthright ## +# birthright -"right as firstborn to inherit most of our father's wealth" (UDB) +"right as firstborn to inherit most of our father's wealth" -## I am about to die ## +# I am about to die -Esau was exaggerating to emphasize how hungry he was. This could be translated as "I am so hungry I feel like I could die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Esau was exaggerating to emphasize how hungry he was. AT: "I am so hungry I feel like I could die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## What good is the birthright to me? ## +# What good is the birthright to me? -Esau used a question to emphasize that eating was more important than a birthright. This could be translated as a statement: "My inheritance is no good to me if I die of hunger!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Esau used a question to emphasize that eating was more important than a birthright. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "My inheritance is no good to me if I die of hunger!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## First swear to me ## +# First swear to me -What Jacob wanted Esau to swear can be stated explicitly: "First swear to me that you will sell me your birthright." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +What Jacob wanted Esau to swear can be stated explicitly. AT: "First swear to me that you will sell me your birthright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## lentils ## +# lentils These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## Esau despised his birthright ## +# Esau despised his birthright -"Esau thought his birthright was not important." Alternate translation: "Esau showed that he did value his birthright." \ No newline at end of file +"Esau showed that he did not value his birthright" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/25/intro.md b/gen/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..62a27d0847 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Genesis 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended or special quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 25:23, which is a quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Polygamy ##### +Abraham married another wife. This was sinful of him. Many other Hebrew leaders came to marry multiple wives. This is known as "polygamy." It has never been an acceptable practice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Inheritance ##### +In the ancient Near East, inheritance was passed on through the eldest son. Even though Esau and Jacob were twins, it is very important that Esau was born first. It was his birthright to receive his inheritance, but he foolishly gave it up. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/birthright]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### God fulfill's his promise ##### +God begins to fulfill the promise he gave to Abraham about making his descendants numerous. Many of these children through his concubines would become large people groups. This may not be easy to understand without the remainder of the Old Testament and the history it records. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/01.md b/gen/26/01.md index a7bea1af7c..03920f2011 100644 --- a/gen/26/01.md +++ b/gen/26/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Now ## +# Now This word is used here to mark a new part of the story. -## a famine happened ## +# a famine happened -"there was a famine" or "there was another famine." See how you translated this in [Genesis 26:1](./01.md). +"there was a famine" or "there was another famine" -## in the land ## +# in the land -Which land this refers to can be stated explicitly: "in the land where Isaac and his family lived." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +You can state explicitly the land to which this refers. AT: "in the land where Isaac and his family lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## that had been in the days of Abraham ## +# that had been in the days of Abraham -The phrase "in the days" here refers to when Abraham lived. Alternate translation: "that had happened during Abraham's life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"that had happened during Abraham's life" or "that had happened while Abraham was alive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/02.md b/gen/26/02.md index 76ccfde353..14fae9444d 100644 --- a/gen/26/02.md +++ b/gen/26/02.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## appeared to him ## +# General Information: + +Yahweh begins to speak to Isaac. + +# appeared to him "appeared to Isaac" -## for to you and to your descendants, I will give all these lands ## +# Do not go down to Egypt + +It was common to speak of leaving the promised land as "going down" to another place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for to you and to your descendants, I will give all these lands "for I will give all these lands to you and your descendants" -## fulfill the oath ## +# I will fulfill the oath that I swore to Abraham your father -"keep the promise" \ No newline at end of file +"I will do what I promised Abraham your father I would do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/04.md b/gen/26/04.md index 5f0570da65..ccc5ec9dad 100644 --- a/gen/26/04.md +++ b/gen/26/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Isaac +# General Information: -## I will multiply your descendants ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Isaac. -“I will cause your descendants to be very many” or “I will cause you to have very many descendants” +# I will multiply your descendants -## like the stars of heaven ## +"I will cause you to have very many descendants." -This compares Isaac's descendants with the stars to emphasize that he would have very many descendants. See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:15](../22/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# like the stars of heaven -## all the nations of the earth will be blessed ## +This speaks about the number of Isaac's descendants as if they were the same as the number of stars. See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:17](../22/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -This can be translated with an active verb: "I will bless all the nations of the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# heaven -## obeyed my voice ## +This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars. -"obeyed what I said" or "obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# all the nations of the earth will be blessed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will bless all the nations of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Abraham obeyed my voice and kept my instructions, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws + +The phrases "obeyed my voice" and "kept my instructions, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws" mean basically the same thing. AT: "Abraham obeyed me and did everything I commanded him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# obeyed my voice + +Here "voice" stands for Yahweh. AT: "obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/06.md b/gen/26/06.md index c65f233102..44794cea89 100644 --- a/gen/26/06.md +++ b/gen/26/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## So Isaac settled in Gerar ## +# So Isaac settled in Gerar -Alternate translation: "So Isaac and his family settled in Gerar." Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader of the family, but his whole family was with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader of the family, but his whole family was with him. AT: "So Isaac and his family settled in Gerar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## He feared to say ## +# He feared to say -"He was afraid to say" +Here "fear" refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others. "He was afraid to say" -## to get Rebekah ## +# to get Rebekah "in order to take Rebekah" -## He saw, behold, Isaac ## +# He saw, behold, Isaac -The word “behold” shows that what Abimelech saw surprised him. This could be translated as "And, he was surprised to see that Isaac." +The word "behold" shows that what Abimelech saw surprised him. AT: "And he was surprised to see that Isaac" -## was caressing Rebekah ## +# was caressing Rebekah -Possible meanings are 1) he was touching her the way a husband touches his wife or 2) he was laughing and talking with her the way a husband talks with his wife. Alternate translations: "was touching Rebekah" or "was flirting with Rebekah." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) he was touching her the way a husband touches his wife or 2) he was laughing and talking with her the way a husband talks with his wife. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/09.md b/gen/26/09.md index aef89c94f4..127de51b0d 100644 --- a/gen/26/09.md +++ b/gen/26/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Abimelech called Isaac to him ## +# Abimelech called Isaac to him -"Abimilech sent for Isaac." Abimelech probably sent someone to tell Isaac to go to him. +Abimelech probably sent someone to tell Isaac that Abimelech wanted to see him. AT: "Abimelech sent someone to bring Isaac to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to get her ## +# Why did you say, 'She is my sister'? + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Why did you say that she is your sister?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# to get her "so he could take her" -## "What is this you have done to us? ## +# What is this you have done to us? -Abimelech used this question to scold Isaac. Alternate translation: "You should not have done this to us!" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Abimelech used this question to scold Isaac. AT: "You should not have done this to us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Whoever touches this man ## +# you would have brought guilt upon us -Here "touches" means to touch in a harmful way. Alternate translation: "Whoever harms this man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This speaks about causing someone to be guilty as if "guilt" were an object that is placed on someone. AT: "you would have caused us to be guilty of taking a man's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will surely be put to death ## +# upon us -This can be translated with an active clause: "I will put him to death." Abimelech may have intended to tell someone to kill anyone who might harm Isaac or Rebekah. Alternate translation: "I will have him killed" or "I will have him executed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "us" refers to Abimelech and his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Whoever touches this man + +Here "touches" means to touch in a harmful way. AT: "Whoever harms this man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will surely be put to death + +Abimelech may have intended to tell someone to kill anyone who might harm Isaac or Rebekah. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will put him to death" or "I will order my men to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/12.md b/gen/26/12.md index 2c47269484..9404b9b0b4 100644 --- a/gen/26/12.md +++ b/gen/26/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## in that land ## +# General Information: + +This begins a new part of the story. It changes from telling about Isaac calling Rebekah his sister, and it starts to tell about how Isaac became very rich and the Philistines were jealous of him. + +# in that land "in Gerar" -## a hundredfold ## +# a hundredfold -This means "one hundred times as much as he planted." It can be translated more generally as "a very large crop" (UDB). +This means "one hundred times as much as he planted." It can be translated more generally as "a very large crop." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## The man became rich ## +# The man became rich "Isaac became rich" or "He became rich" -## and grew more and more until he became very great ## +# grew more and more until he became very great -"and he continued to become rich until he became very wealthy" +"he gained more and more until he became very wealthy" -## sheep ## +# sheep -This may also include goats. +This may also include goats. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The Philistines envied him ## +# a large household -"So the Philistines became jealous of him" \ No newline at end of file +Here "household" stands for workers or servants. AT: "many servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The Philistines envied him + +"The Philistines were jealous of him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/15.md b/gen/26/15.md index 86988d42f8..2e3af33387 100644 --- a/gen/26/15.md +++ b/gen/26/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## in the days of Abraham his father ## +# Now -The phrase "in the days of" refers to the time when a person was alive. This could be translated as "when Abraham, his father, was living." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here this word does not mean "at this moment." It is indicating where the action in the story begins. It can be translated with the connecting word "So" to show that this is a result of what happened in [Genesis 26:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## much mightier than we ## +# in the days of Abraham his father + +The phrase "in the days of" stands for a person's lifetime. AT: "when Abraham, his father, was living" or "during his father Abraham's lifetime" + +# Abimelech said + +Possible meanings are 1) this is another action to force Isaac and his people to leave. AT: "Then Abimelech said" or "Finally Abimelech said" or 2) Abimelech made this decision because he saw that his people were jealous and acting in a hostile way towards Isaac. AT: "Therefore Abimelech said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# much mightier than we "much stronger than we are" -## So Isaac departed ## +# So Isaac departed -"So Isaac and his household left." Only Issac is mentioned because he is the leader, but his family and servants were with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader, but his family and servants went with him. AT: "So Isaac and his household left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/18.md b/gen/26/18.md index 167a737aa3..fb19665dc2 100644 --- a/gen/26/18.md +++ b/gen/26/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## which they had dug ## +# Isaac dug out -"which had been dug" (UDB) or "which Abraham's servants had dug." +Here "Isaac" stands for Isaac and his servants. AT: "Isaac and his servants dug out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## in the days of Abraham his father ## +# which they had dug -See how this was translated in [Genesis 26:15](./15.md). +"which Abraham's servants had dug" -## The Philistines had stopped them up after Abraham's death ## +# in the days of Abraham his father -This was the reason that Isaac dug them out. Since this happened first, this sentence can come before the sentence about Isaac digging them out, as in the UDB. Or this sentence can start with "Isaac did this because." +"during his father Abraham's lifetime" or "when Abraham, his father, was living" -## had stopped them up ## +# The Philistines had stopped them up + +This was the reason that Isaac dug them out. Possible ways to translate this are: 1) Since this happened first, this sentence can come before the sentence about Isaac digging them out, as in the UDB. or 2) This sentence can start with "Isaac did this because the Philistines had stopped them up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# had stopped them up "had filled them with earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/19.md b/gen/26/19.md index 42081b6044..1cbe19d7ac 100644 --- a/gen/26/19.md +++ b/gen/26/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## flowing water ## +# flowing water -This phrase refers to water that is safe to drink. This could also be translated as "fresh water" (UDB). +This phrase refers to a natural spring they uncovered when they were digging a new well. It provided a continuous flow of fresh drinking water. AT: "fresh water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Esek ## +# herdsmen -Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Esek means 'quarrel' or 'argue.'" \ No newline at end of file +"men who tended the herds" + +# This water is ours + +Here "ours" refers to the herdsmen of Gerar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Esek + +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Esek means 'quarrel' or 'argue.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/21.md b/gen/26/21.md index 3b51eb7140..859ff7cc8c 100644 --- a/gen/26/21.md +++ b/gen/26/21.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Then they dug ## +# Then they dug -"Then Isaac's servants dug" (UDB) +"Then Isaac's servants dug" -## they quarreled ## +# they quarreled -"The herdsmen of Gerar argued with Isaac’s herdsmen" +"the herdsmen of Gerar argued with Isaac's herdsmen" -## so he gave it ## +# so he gave it "so Isaac gave it" -## Sitnah ## +# Sitnah -Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Sitnah means 'oppose' or 'accuse.'" +Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Sitnah means 'oppose' or 'accuse.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Rehoboth ## +# Rehoboth -Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Rehoboth means 'make room for' or 'empty place.'" +Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Rehoboth means 'make room for' or 'empty place.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## us…we ## +# us ... we Isaac was speaking about himself and his household. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/23.md b/gen/26/23.md index bbe1cb436e..357fa4643b 100644 --- a/gen/26/23.md +++ b/gen/26/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## multiply your descendants ## +# Isaac went up from there to Beersheba -“will cause your descendants to increase greatly” or “will cause your descendants to be very many” +Here "went up" is probably a reference to going north. Say that he departed in the most natural way for your language. AT: "Isaac left there and went to Beersheba" -## for my servant Abraham's sake ## +# multiply your descendants -"for my servant Abraham" or "because I promised my servant Abraham that I would do this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"will cause your descendants to increase greatly" or "will cause your descendants to be very many" -## Isaac built an altar there ## +# for my servant Abraham's sake -Why Isaac built an altar can be made explicit: "Isaac built an altar there to sacrifice to Yahweh." +"for my servant Abraham" or you can make the full meaning explicit. AT: "because I promised my servant Abraham that I would do this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## called on the name of Yahweh ## +# Isaac built an altar there -"prayed in the name of Yahweh" or "worshiped Yahweh." See how you translated this in [Genesis 12:8](../12/08.md). \ No newline at end of file +You can make explicit why Isaac built an altar. AT: "Isaac built an altar there to sacrifice to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# called on the name of Yahweh + +To "call on" means to pray or to worship. Here "name" stands for Yahweh. AT: "prayed to Yahweh" or "worshiped Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/26.md b/gen/26/26.md index a053894c73..88af5acd04 100644 --- a/gen/26/26.md +++ b/gen/26/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## went to him ## +# went to him "went to Isaac" -## and Ahuzzath ## +# Ahuzzath -"with Ahuzzath." This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Phicol ## +# his friend -See how you wrote his name in [Genesis 21:22](../21/22.md). +Possible meanings are 1) "Abimelech's friend" or 2) "Abimelech's advisor." -## his friend ## +# Phicol -Possible meanings are 1) "Abimelech's friend" or 2) "Abimelech's advisor" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. See how you translated his name in [Genesis 21:22](../21/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/28.md b/gen/26/28.md index 121862cf27..7c30df467e 100644 --- a/gen/26/28.md +++ b/gen/26/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## they said ## +# they said -This refers to Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. One of them spoke and the other two agreed with what he said. It does not mean they all spoke at the same time. This could be translated as "One of them said." +This refers to Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. One of them spoke and the other two agreed with what he said. It does not mean they all spoke at the same time. AT: "one of them said" -## we have clearly seen ## +# We have clearly seen -"we know" or "we are certain" +"We know" or "We are certain" -## So let us make a covenant ## +# So let us make a covenant "So we want to make a covenant" -## as we have treated you well ## +# and as we have treated you well -"as we have done only good to you." This can also be translated as the beginning of a new sentence as it is in the UDB. +This can also be translated as the beginning of a new sentence. "We have done only good to you" -## you are blessed by Yahweh ## +# you are blessed by Yahweh -This can be translated with an active verb: "Yahweh has blessed you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has blessed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/30.md b/gen/26/30.md index a6bcfbc423..ea14f39958 100644 --- a/gen/26/30.md +++ b/gen/26/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## for them ## +# Isaac made a feast for them, and they ate and drank -"for Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol" +Eating a meal together was a part of making a covenant with one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they ate ## +# for them -Here the word "they" refers to Isaac, Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. This could be translated as "they all ate." (UDB) +Here "them" refers to "Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol" -## They rose ## +# they ate -"They rose early" or "They got up early" \ No newline at end of file +Here "they" refers to Isaac, Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. AT: "they all ate" + +# They rose early + +"They awoke early" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/32.md b/gen/26/32.md index 699b6fcabe..a294727f9c 100644 --- a/gen/26/32.md +++ b/gen/26/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## and he called the well Sheba ## +# He called the well Shibah -"So he called the well Sheba." Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Sheba sounds like the word that means 'oath.'” +"So he called the well Shibah." Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Shibah sounds like the word that means 'oath.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Beersheba ## +# Beersheba -Translators may add a footnote saying “Beersheba can mean either “well of the oath” or “well of seven.” (See note on [Genesis 21:31](../21/31.md)) \ No newline at end of file +Translators may add a footnote saying "Beersheba can mean either "well of the oath" or "well of seven." (See note on [Genesis 21:32](../21/31.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/34.md b/gen/26/34.md index 84ac8a3b85..96df9f9fd1 100644 --- a/gen/26/34.md +++ b/gen/26/34.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Most of Genesis 26 was about Isaac. These verses are about his older son Esau. -## forty ## +# forty "40" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## he took a wife ## +# he took a wife -This can be translated as "he married" or "he took two wives." +"he married." You can state explicitly that he married two women. AT: "he took two wives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Judith...Basemath ## +# Judith ... Basemath -These are names of Esau's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of Esau's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Beeri...Elon ## +# Beeri ... Elon -These are names of men. +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the Hittite ## +# the Hittite -"the descendant of Heth" or "a descendant of Heth" +"the descendant of Heth" or "a descendant of Heth." The Hittite people were the descendants of Heth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## they brought sorrow to Isaac and Rebekah ## +# They brought sorrow to Isaac and Rebekah -Here the word "they" refers to Judith and Basemath. Alternate translation: "Isaac and Rebekah were miserable because of them." \ No newline at end of file +Here "they" refers to Judith and Basemath. To make someone sorrowful or miserable is spoken of as if "sorrow" were an object that a person could bring to another person. AT: "They made Isaac and Rebekah sorrowful" or "Isaac and Rebekah were miserable because of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/26/intro.md b/gen/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..27b02f67fb --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 26 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +When things in the land were bad, Isaac did not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he ran to the safety of Egypt. Even when Abraham's descendants did not trust in Yahweh's faithfulness to fulfill his covenant, Yahweh remained faithful to his covenant and blessed Isaac. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +##### Wells ##### +In the ancient Near East, wells were very important strategically. Therefore, they were a sign of power and a sign of God's blessing being upon Isaac. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "She is my sister" ##### +Isaac was afraid the Egyptians would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Rebekah to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Isaac's sister, they would have shown favor to him. This is the same thing his father, Abraham, did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]). +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/01.md b/gen/27/01.md index 8f87f45855..4ac16f8036 100644 --- a/gen/27/01.md +++ b/gen/27/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## his eyes were dim ## +# his eyes were dim -This means that Isaac could no longer see well. Alternate translation: "he was nearly blind" or "he was almost blind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This speaks about being nearly blind as if the eyes were a lamp and the light has nearly gone out. AT: "he was nearly blind" or "he was almost blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He said to him ## +# He said to him "And Esau replied" -## Here I am ## +# Here I am -This can be translated as “Yes?” or “What is it?” or “I am listening.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md) +"I am here" or "I am listening." See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md). -## He said ## +# He said "Then Isaac said" -## See here ## +# See here -The phrase "see here" adds emphasis to what follows. It could also be translated "listen carefully." +The phrase "see here" adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Listen carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I am old. I do not know the day of my death. ## +# I do not know the day of my death -"I have grown old and do not know when I will die." \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that Isaac knows he will die soon. AT: "I may die any day now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# death + +This refers to physical death. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/03.md b/gen/27/03.md index 1fd2f9f807..da5158f1b7 100644 --- a/gen/27/03.md +++ b/gen/27/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Isaac continues giving instructions to his older son Isaac. -## your weapons ## +# your weapons -"your gear" or "your equipment" +"your hunting equipment" -## your quiver ## +# your quiver -"your quiver of arrows" or "your arrows." A quiver is a case for holding arrows. +A quiver is a case for holding arrows. AT: "your quiver of arrows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## hunt game for me ## +# hunt game for me "hunt a wild animal for me" -## Make delicious food for me, the sort that I love ## +# Make delicious food for me, the sort that I love -The word "delicious" refers to something that tastes very good. This could be translated as "Cook for me the tasty meat that I love." \ No newline at end of file +The word "delicious" refers to something that tastes very good. AT: "Cook for me the tasty meat that I love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# bless you + +In Bible times, a father would often pronounce a formal blessing on his children. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/05.md b/gen/27/05.md index d09c344425..6c4c66f597 100644 --- a/gen/27/05.md +++ b/gen/27/05.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -The word "now" is used here to introduce a change from telling about what Isaac said to Esau to what Rebekah said to Jacob . (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]). +The word "now" shows a change of emphasis to Rebekah and Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]). -## Rebekah heard it when Isaac spoke to Esau his son ## +# Rebekah heard it when Isaac spoke to Esau his son "Rebekah heard Isaac speaking to his son Esau" -## See here ## +# Esau went ... bring it back -The phrase "see here" adds emphasis to what follows." You can translate it as "Listen carefully." +The words "So when" can be added to show that Rebekah speaks to Jacob because of what she heard, and she is speaking to him while Esau is gone. AT: "So when Esau went ... bring it back," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## Bring me game ## +# to Esau his son ... to Jacob her son + +Esau and Jacob were both sons of Isaac and Rebekah. They are called "his son" and "her son" to emphasize that one parent preferred one son over the other son. + +# See here + +The phrase "see here" adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Listen carefully" + +# He said, 'Bring me game and make me delicious food, that I may eat it and bless you in the presence of Yahweh before my death.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "He told Esau to 'hunt a wild animal, and to make the tasty meat that he loves.' Then before he dies, Isaac will bless Esau in the presence of Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Bring me game "Bring me a wild animal that you hunt and kill" -## make me delicious food ## +# make me delicious food -Alternate translation: "cook for me the tasty meat that I love." See how this was translated in [Genesis 27:3](./03.md). +"cook for me the tasty meat that I love." See how this was translated in [Genesis 27:04](./03.md). -## bless you in the presence of Yahweh ## +# bless you in the presence of Yahweh "bless you before Yahweh" -## before my death ## +# before my death "before I die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/08.md b/gen/27/08.md index 3b25b4f7cd..3999187e05 100644 --- a/gen/27/08.md +++ b/gen/27/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Rebekah continues to speak to her younger son Jacob. -## obey my voice as I command you ## +# Now -Rebekah said "my voice" to refer to what she was saying. This could be translated as "obey me and do what I tell you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## I will make delicious food from them for your father, just like he loves ## +# obey my voice as I command you -See how a similar sentence was translated in [Genesis 27:3](./03.md). +Rebekah said "my voice" to refer to what she was saying. AT: "obey me and do what I tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## You will take it to your father ## +# I will make delicious food from them for your father, just like he loves -"Then you will bring it to your father." This can also be translated as a command: "Then take it to your father." +The word "delicious" refers to something that tastes very good. See how a similar sentence was translated in [Genesis 27:4](./03.md). -## so that he may eat it, so that he may bless you ## +# You will take it to your father + +"Then take it to your father" + +# so that he may eat it, so that he may bless you "and after he eats it, he will bless you" -## before his death ## +# he may bless you + +The word "bless" refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children. + +# before his death "before he dies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/11.md b/gen/27/11.md index c7b302e033..beb264ed4c 100644 --- a/gen/27/11.md +++ b/gen/27/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## I am a smooth man ## +# I am a smooth man "I am a man with smooth skin" or "I am not hairy" -## Perhaps my father will touch me ## +# I will seem to him as a deceiver -This can also be translated as a rhetorical question: "What if my father touches me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"he will think that I am a liar" or "he will know that I am deceiving him" -## and I will seem to him as a deceiver ## +# I will bring a curse upon me and not a blessing -"and he will think that I am a liar." This can be a new sentence: "He will know that I am deceiving him." - -## I will bring a curse upon me and not a blessing ## - -Alternate translation: "Then because of what I do, he will curse me and not bless me." \ No newline at end of file +Being cursed or blessed is spoken of as if a curse and a blessing are objects that are placed on a person. AT: "Then because of this, he will curse me and not bless me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/13.md b/gen/27/13.md index 6843a6251b..7ca4e1deae 100644 --- a/gen/27/13.md +++ b/gen/27/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## My son, let any curse fall on me ## +# My son, let any curse fall on me -"Let your curse be on me, my son" +"let your curse be on me, my son." Being cursed is spoken of as if the curse were on object that is placed on the person. AT: "let your father curse me instead of you, my son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## obey my voice ## +# obey my voice -Rebekah said "my voice" to refer to what she was saying. This could be translated as "obey what I tell you" or "obey me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Rebekah said "my voice" to refer to what she was saying. AT: "obey what I tell you" or "obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## bring them to me ## +# bring them to me "bring me the young goats" -## made delicious food, just like his father loved ## +# made delicious food, just like his father loved -See how a similar sentence was translated in [Genesis 27:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +The word "delicious" refers to something that tastes very good. See how a similar sentence was translated in [Genesis 27:4](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/15.md b/gen/27/15.md index a3a8f88a86..822b0d3dc5 100644 --- a/gen/27/15.md +++ b/gen/27/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## She put the skins of the young goats on his hands ## +# She put the skins of the young goats on his hands The goat skins still had the hair on them. -## She put the delicious food and the bread that she had prepared into the hand of her son Jacob ## +# She put the delicious food and the bread that she had prepared into the hand of her son Jacob "She gave to her son Jacob the delicious food and bread which she had prepared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/18.md b/gen/27/18.md index 6c9c7e7ec8..cdb3e6a4bd 100644 --- a/gen/27/18.md +++ b/gen/27/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## He said ## +# He said -"And his father replied" or "Isaac replied" (UDB) +"And his father replied" or "Isaac replied" -## Here I am ## +# Here I am -See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:7](../22/07.md). +"Yes, I am listening" or "Yes, what is it?" See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md). -## I have done as you said to me ## +# I have done as you said to me "I have done what you told me to do" -## some of my game ## +# some of my game -The word "game" refers to wild animals that someone hunts and kills. See how "game" was translated in [Genesis 27:3](./03.md) \ No newline at end of file +The word "game" refers to wild animals that someone hunts and kills. See how "game" was translated in [Genesis 27:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/20.md b/gen/27/20.md index 2f2f614042..1989c110c6 100644 --- a/gen/27/20.md +++ b/gen/27/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## He said ## +# He said "Jacob replied" -## How is it that you have found it so quickly ## +# brought it to me -"How did you find it so quickly" +This is an idiom meaning that God caused it to happen. AT: "helped me to succeed while hunting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## brought it to me ## +# whether you are my true son Esau or not -"caused it to happen in front of me" or "granted me success" - -## you are my true son Esau ## - -"you are really my son Esau" \ No newline at end of file +"if you are really my son Esau" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/22.md b/gen/27/22.md index 04ed8b588a..e301f092d2 100644 --- a/gen/27/22.md +++ b/gen/27/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Jacob went over to Isaac his father ## +# Jacob went over to Isaac his father "Jacob approached Isaac his father" -## The voice is Jacob's voice ## +# The voice is Jacob's voice -"The voice sounds like Jacob's voice" +Here Issac speaks of Jacob's voice as representing Jacob. AT: "You sound like Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## but the hands are the hands of Esau ## +# but the hands are the hands of Esau -"but the hands are Esau's hands" or "but the hands feel like Esau's hands" \ No newline at end of file +Here Issac speaks of Esau's hands as representing Esau. AT: "but your hands feel like Esau's hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/24.md b/gen/27/24.md index ae6615a2ab..0616f619f5 100644 --- a/gen/27/24.md +++ b/gen/27/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## eat of your game ## +# He said -See how "game" was translated in [Genesis 27:5](./05.md) +Isaac asks this question before blessing his son. AT: "But first Isaac asked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -## and he drank ## +# eat of your game -"and Isaac drank it" \ No newline at end of file +The word "game" refers to a wild animal that people hunt and kill. See how "game" was translated in [Genesis 27:7](./05.md). + +# he drank + +"Isaac drank it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/26.md b/gen/27/26.md index b6dde17701..afcb2cda58 100644 --- a/gen/27/26.md +++ b/gen/27/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## and he smelled ## +# he smelled the smell of his clothes and blessed him -"and Isaac smelled" +It can be made explicit that the clothes smelled like Esau's clothes. AT: "he smelled his clothes and they smelled like Esau's clothes, so Isaac blessed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the smell ## +# he smelled + +"Isaac smelled" + +# the smell "the scent" -## and blessed him ## +# blessed him -"then he blessed him" \ No newline at end of file +"then he blessed him." This refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children. + +# See, the smell of my son + +The word "see" is used as an emphatic figure of speech to mean "it is true." AT: "Truly, the smell of my son" + +# that Yahweh has blessed + +Here the word "blessed" means that Yahweh has caused good things to happen to the field and it has become fruitful. AT: "that Yahweh has caused to be very productive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/28.md b/gen/27/28.md index 45882bad45..05a81df132 100644 --- a/gen/27/28.md +++ b/gen/27/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + This is Isaac's blessing. He thought he was speaking to Esau, but he was speaking to Jacob. -## you ## +# give you -Here "you" is singular and refers to Jacob. But the blessing would also apply to Jacob's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here "you" is singular and refers to Jacob. But the blessing would also apply to Jacob's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## dew from heaven ## +# dew of heaven -"mist in the air" or "rain from the sky" +"Dew" is drops of water that form on the plants during the night. This can be made explicit in the translation. AT: "night mist from heaven to water your crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and of the fatness of the earth ## +# fatness of the earth -The word "fatness of the earth" refers to "fertile land" or "a land that produces plenty." This could be translated as "and good soil for producing crops." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Having fertile land is spoken of as if the earth were fat or rich. AT: "good soil for producing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# plenty of grain and new wine + +If "grain" and "wine" are unknown, this can be stated more generally. AT: "plenty of food and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/29.md b/gen/27/29.md index 3e4a222246..723303669a 100644 --- a/gen/27/29.md +++ b/gen/27/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## you...your ## +# you ... your -Here these pronouns are singular and refer to Jacob. But the blessing also applies to Jacob's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here these pronouns are singular and refer to Jacob. But the blessing also applies to Jacob's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Be master over your brothers ## +# nations bow down + +Here "nations" refers to the people. AT: "people from all nations bow down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bow down + +This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Be master over your brothers "Become a master over your brothers" -## and may your mother’s sons bow down to you ## +# your brothers ... your mother's sons -"And your mother’s sons will bow down to you" \ No newline at end of file +Isaac is speaking this blessing directly to Jacob. But, it also applies to Jacob's descendants who will rule over the descendants of Esau and the descendants of any other of Jacob's brothers that he may have. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# may your mother's sons bow down to you + +"your mother's sons will bow down to you" + +# May every one who curses you be cursed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May God curse everyone who curses you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# may every one who blesses you be blessed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May God bless everyone who blesses you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/30.md b/gen/27/30.md index c596853b28..3c1d12a146 100644 --- a/gen/27/30.md +++ b/gen/27/30.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## had scarcely gone out from the presence of Isaac his father ## +# had scarcely gone out from the presence of Isaac his father "had just left the tent of Isaac his father" -## it was then that Esau his brother came in from the hunting ## +# delicious food -"Esau his brother returned from his hunt" +"tasty meat that I love." See how this was translated in [Genesis 27:3](./03.md). -## delicious food ## +# some of your son's game -See how this was translated in [Genesis 27:3](./03.md). +Here "your son's" was a polite way of Esau referring to his own food he prepared. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Father get up ## +# your son's game -"Let my father get up" +The word "game" refers to wild animals that people hunt to eat. See how "game" was translated in [Genesis 27:7](./05.md). -## some of your son’s game ## +# bless me -"your son's" was a polite way of Esau referring to his own food he prepared. - -## your son’s game ## - -"game"refers to wild animals that people hunt to eat. See how "game" was translated in [Genesis 27:5](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/32.md b/gen/27/32.md index c43df47d5e..658643ad00 100644 --- a/gen/27/32.md +++ b/gen/27/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## said to him ## +# said to him "said to Esau" -## Isaac trembled ## +# Isaac trembled "Isaac began to shake" -## hunted this game ## +# hunted this game -See how "game" was translated in [Genesis 27:5](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file +Game refers to a wild animal that people hunt and kill. See how "game" was translated in [Genesis 27:7](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/34.md b/gen/27/34.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2d88d02c44 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/27/34.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# he cried with a very great and bitter cry + +Esau's anguish was similar to the taste of something bitter. AT: "he cried loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# has taken away your blessing + +This is a figure of speech meaning Jacob took what was Esau's. AT: "I have blessed him instead of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/36.md b/gen/27/36.md index 8395ec2075..64bdafda97 100644 --- a/gen/27/36.md +++ b/gen/27/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Is he not rightly named Jacob? ## +# Is he not rightly named Jacob? -Esau uses a question to emphasize his anger at Jacob. Alternate translation: "Jacob is certainly the right name for my brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Esau uses a question to emphasize his anger at Jacob. AT: "Jacob is certainly the right name for my brother!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Jacob ## +# Jacob -Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Jacob means 'he grasps the heel.' This is a way of saying 'he deceives.'” +Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Jacob means 'he grasps the heel.' In the original language the name 'Jacob' also sounds like the word for 'he deceives.'" -## my birthright ## +# He took ... blessing -"my right as firstborn to inherit most of our father's wealth" +This speaks about a birthright as if it were an object that a person could take away. AT: "He tricked me into giving him the double inheritance that I should receive as firstborn son!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## What more can I do for you, my son? ## +# now he has taken away my blessing -Isaac uses a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "There is nothing else I can do for you." \ No newline at end of file +This speaks about a blessing as if it were an object that person could take away. AT: "now he has tricked you into blessing him instead of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Have you not reserved a blessing for me + +Esau knows that his father cannot bless him with the same things that he blessed Jacob. Esau is asking if there is anything left to say to him that Isaac did not say while blessing Jacob. + +# What more can I do for you, my son? + +Isaac uses a question to emphasize that there is nothing else he can do. AT: "There is nothing else I can do for you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/38.md b/gen/27/38.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..860b0d9a44 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/27/38.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Have you not even one blessing for me, my father + +This can be stated in positive form. "My father, do you have one more blessing for me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/39.md b/gen/27/39.md index e8e033c587..06d6b0f90d 100644 --- a/gen/27/39.md +++ b/gen/27/39.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## said to him ## +# said to him "said to Esau" -## Look ## +# Look -"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" +This adds emphasis to what Isaac says next. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## fatness of the earth ## +# far from the richness of the earth -See how this was translated in [Genesis 27:28](./28.md). +This is a figure of speech referring to the earth's fertility. AT: "far from the fertile soil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your...you ## +# your ... you In 27:39-40 these pronouns are singular and refer to Esau, but what Isaac says also applies to Esau's descendants (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). -## dew of heaven ## +# dew of the sky above -See how this was translated in [Genesis 27:28](./28.md). +"Dew" is drops of water that form on the plants during the night. This can be made explicit in the translation. AT: "the night mist from the sky to water your crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## By your sword you will live ## +# By your sword you will live -Here "sword" refers to violence or war. This could be translated as "You will fight all of your life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "sword" stands for violence. AT: "You will rob and kill people in order to get what you need to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will shake his yoke from off your neck + +This speaks about someone having a master as if the master's control over the person were a yoke that the person had to carry. AT: "you will free yourself from his control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/41.md b/gen/27/41.md index 683d1a1776..3b4d97f414 100644 --- a/gen/27/41.md +++ b/gen/27/41.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Esau said in his heart ## +# Esau said in his heart -"Esau said to himself" (UDB) +Here "heart" stands for Esau himself. AT: "Esau said to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## days of mourning for my father are near ## +# days of mourning for my father are near This refers to a number of days a person grieves when a family member dies. -## The words of Esau her older son were told to Rebekah. ## +# The words of Esau her older son were told to Rebekah -This can be translated with an active clause: "Someone told Rebekah about Esau's plan." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told Rebekah about Esau's plan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## See ## +# See -"Listen" or "Pay attention" \ No newline at end of file +"Listen" or "Pay attention" + +# is consoling himself + +"is making himself feel better" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/43.md b/gen/27/43.md index ce7708b594..302e73a76b 100644 --- a/gen/27/43.md +++ b/gen/27/43.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## flee to Laban ## +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# flee to Laban "leave here quickly and go to Laban" -## for a few days ## +# for a while -"for a period of time" or "for a while" +"for a period of time" -## until your brother’s fury subsides ## +# until your brother's fury subsides "until you brother calms down" -## until your brother’s anger turns away from you ## +# until your brother's anger turns away from you -"until he is no longer angry with you" +No longer being angry is spoken of as if the anger turns to a different direction away from the person. AT: "until he is no longer angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Why should I lose you both in one day? ## +# Why should I lose you both in one day? -Rebekah uses a question to emphasize her concern. This can be translated as a statement: "I do not want to lose both of you in one day." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Rebekah uses a question to emphasize her concern. AT: "I do not want to lose both of you in one day!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I lose you both in one day + +It is implied that if Esau kills Jacob, then they will execute Esau as a murderer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I lose + +This is a polite way of referring to her sons dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/46.md b/gen/27/46.md index 1f047aa737..19aa4799da 100644 --- a/gen/27/46.md +++ b/gen/27/46.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## I am weary of life ## +# I am weary of life -Rebekah is exaggerating to emphasize how upset she is about the Hittite women that Esau married. This could be translated as "I am terribly upset." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Rebekah is exaggerating to emphasize how upset she is about the Hittite women that Esau married. AT: "I am terribly upset" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## the daughters of Heth ## +# the daughters of Heth -"these Hittite women" +"these Hittite women" or "descendants of Heth" -## like these the daughters of the land ## +# like these women, some of the daughters of the land -"who live in this land" +The phrase "daughters of the land" means the local females. AT: "like these women who live in this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## what good will my life be to me? ## +# what good will my life be to me? -Rebekah uses a question to emphasize how upset she would be if Jacob marries a Hittite woman. This could be translated as a statement: "My life will be awful!"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Rebekah uses a question to emphasize how upset she would be if Jacob marries a Hittite woman. AT: "My life will be awful!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/27/intro.md b/gen/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7149390da5 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Genesis 27 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended or special quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 27:27-29, 39-40, which are quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Blessing ##### +In the ancient Near East, a father's blessing was very important. This spoken blessing was legally binding. Jacob previously received the birthright from Esau and was guaranteed the double portion of land and money that was supposed to be inherited by the older son, Esau. In this chapter, Jacob tricks Isaac into giving him Esau's blessing. This means that he is to inherit the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/birthright]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/01.md b/gen/28/01.md index 99db93fde5..359c6f8175 100644 --- a/gen/28/01.md +++ b/gen/28/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## You must not take ## +# You must not take "Do not take" -## a wife from the Canaanite women ## - -"from the daughters of Canaan" - -## Arise, go ## +# Arise, go "Go right away" -## Paddan Aram ## +# Paddan Aram -See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:19](../25/19.md). +This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20](../25/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Bethuel ## +# house of -See how you translated this man's name in [Genesis 22:20](../22/20.md). +This refers to a person's descendants or other relatives. AT: "family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your mother’s father ## +# Bethuel + +Bethuel was Rebekah's father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# your mother's father "your grandfather" -## one of the daughters ## +# one of the daughters "from the daughters" -## your mother’s brother ## +# your mother's brother "your uncle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/03.md b/gen/28/03.md index a60966f98c..137c48eaf7 100644 --- a/gen/28/03.md +++ b/gen/28/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Isaac continues speaking to Jacob -## make you fruitful and multiply you ## +# make you fruitful and multiply you -The word “multiply” explains how God would make Jacob “fruitful.” AT: "give you many children and descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The word "multiply" explains how God would make Jacob "fruitful." AT: "give you many children and descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## May he give you the blessing of Abraham ## +# May he give you the blessing of Abraham, to you, and to your descendants after you -"May Yahweh give you the blessing he gave to Abraham" +This speaks about blessing someone as if a blessing were an object that a person can give. The abstract noun "the blessing" can be stated as "bless." AT: "May God bless you and your descendants as he blessed Abraham" or "May God give to you and your descendants what he promised to Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## your descendants after you ## +# that you may inherit the land -“your offspring with you” +God giving the land of Canaan to Jacob and his descendants is spoken of as if a child were inheriting money or possessions from his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the land where you have been living ## +# the land where you have been living "the land where you have been staying" -## which God gave to Abraham ## +# which God gave to Abraham -"Which God promised to Abraham" \ No newline at end of file +"which God promised to Abraham" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/05.md b/gen/28/05.md index 31a86270b7..405e24f3f2 100644 --- a/gen/28/05.md +++ b/gen/28/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Paddan Aram ## +# Paddan Aram -See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:19](../25/19.md). +This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20](../25/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Bethuel ## +# Bethuel -See how you translated this man's name in [Genesis 22:20](../22/20.md). \ No newline at end of file +Bethuel was Rebekah's father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/06.md b/gen/28/06.md index 403c4daebc..6c6cbf03ef 100644 --- a/gen/28/06.md +++ b/gen/28/06.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + The story changes from Jacob to Esau -## Now ## +# Now This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Esau. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Paddan Aram ## +# Paddan Aram -See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:19](../25/19.md). +This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20](../25/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## to take a wife ## +# to take a wife "to take a wife for himself" -## He also saw that Isaac had blessed him ## +# He also saw that Isaac had blessed him "Esau also saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob" -## You must not take ## +# You must not take "Do not take" -## women of Canaan ## +# women of Canaan "daughters of Canaan" or "Canaanite women" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/08.md b/gen/28/08.md index 2a6c7c2b4a..4868beb82f 100644 --- a/gen/28/08.md +++ b/gen/28/08.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the background information about Esau. -## Esau saw ## +# Esau saw "Esau realized" -## the women of Canaan did not please Isaac his father ## +# the women of Canaan did not please Isaac his father "his father Isaac did not approve of the women of Canaan" -## women of Canaan ## +# women of Canaan "daughters of Canaan" or "the Canaanite women" -## So ## +# So "Because of that" -## besides the wives that he had ## +# besides the wives that he had "in addition to the wives that he already had" -## Mahalath ## +# Mahalath This is the name of one of Ishmael's daughters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Nebaioth ## +# Nebaioth -This is the name of one of Ishmael's sons. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of one of Ishmael's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/10.md b/gen/28/10.md index 5e0443c996..d8a38934b9 100644 --- a/gen/28/10.md +++ b/gen/28/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + The story switches back to Jacob -## He came to a certain place and stayed there all night, because the sun had set. ## +# He came to a certain place and stayed there all night, because the sun had set -"He came to a certain place and, because the sun had set, he decided to stay for the night." \ No newline at end of file +"He came to a certain place and, because the sun had set, he decided to stay for the night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/12.md b/gen/28/12.md index cd0c2a0c6e..025b2b6ff4 100644 --- a/gen/28/12.md +++ b/gen/28/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## He dreamed ## +# He dreamed "Jacob had a dream" -## set up on the earth ## +# set up on the earth -"standing on the earth" +"with the bottom of it touching the ground" -## Behold ## +# reached to heaven -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +This refers to the place where God lives. -## Abraham your father ## +# Behold -"Abraham your ancestor" or "Abraham your forefather" \ No newline at end of file +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# Yahweh stood above it + +Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh was standing at the top of the stairway" or 2) "Yahweh was standing next to Jacob" + +# Abraham your father + +Here "father" means "ancestor." AT: "Abraham your ancestor" or "Abraham your forefather" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/14.md b/gen/28/14.md index 8101aa0a9f..b5db6879a8 100644 --- a/gen/28/14.md +++ b/gen/28/14.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + God continues to talk to Jacob in a dream. -## Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth ## +# Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth -God compares Jacob's descendants to the dust of the earth to emphasize their huge number. Alternate translation: "You will have more descendants than you can count." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +God compares Jacob's descendants to the dust of the earth to emphasize their huge number. AT: "You will have more descendants than you can count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## and you will spread abroad to the west ## +# you will spread far out to the west -Here the word "you" is singular but refers to Jacob's descendants. It only speaks of Jacob since he is the leader of the family. Alternate translation: "and your descendants will spread out to the west." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "you" is singular and refers to Jacob. Here Jacob represents his descendants. AT: "your descendants will spread out to the west" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## In you and in your descendants will all the families of the earth be blessed ## +# you will spread far out -This can be translated with an active verb: "I will bless all families on the earth through you and your descendants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This means the people will extend the borders of their land and occupy more territory. -## Behold ## +# to the west, to the east, to the north, and to the south -This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +This phrases are used together to mean "all directions." AT: "in all directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## for I will not leave you. I will do all... ## +# Through you and through your descendants will all the families of the earth be blessed -“for I will not leave you until I have done all...” +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will bless all families on the earth through you and your descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I will keep you ## +# Behold + +This adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# for I will not leave you. I will do all + +"for I will not leave you until I have done all" + +# I will keep you "I will keep you safe" or "I will protect you" -## I will bring you into this land again ## +# I will bring you into this land again "I will bring you back to this land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/16.md b/gen/28/16.md index 61b3d6d392..b623610451 100644 --- a/gen/28/16.md +++ b/gen/28/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## awoke out of his sleep ## +# awoke out of his sleep "woke up from his sleep" -## the house of God...the gate of heaven ## +# the house of God ... the gate of heaven -The phrase "the gate of heaven" explains that this place is the entrance to "the house of God." AT: "the entrance to where God lives" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "the gate of heaven" explains that this place is the entrance to "the house of God" and "the entrance to where God lives." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# This is the gate of heaven + +This speaks about the entrance to the place where God lives as if it were a literal kingdom that had a gate that someone has to open to let people in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/18.md b/gen/28/18.md index bafeb37319..879c9740f0 100644 --- a/gen/28/18.md +++ b/gen/28/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## poured oil on top of it ## +# pillar -This can be made more explicit: "poured oil on top of it in order to dedicate the pillar to God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). +This is a memorial pillar, that is, simply a large stone or boulder set up on its end. -## Bethel ## +# poured oil upon the top of it + +This action symbolizes that Jacob is dedicating the pillar to God. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "poured oil on the top of it in order to dedicate the pillar to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Bethel Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Bethel means 'house of God.'" -## Luz ## +# Luz This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/20.md b/gen/28/20.md index c2edccb004..013b78f09c 100644 --- a/gen/28/20.md +++ b/gen/28/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## vowed a vow ## +# vowed a vow -"made a vow" +"made a vow" or "solemnly promised God" -## a sacred stone ## +# If God will ... then Yahweh will be my God -Alternate translation: "God's house" or "God's place" \ No newline at end of file +Jacob is speaking to God in the third person. This can be stated in the second person. AT: "If you will ... then you, Yahweh, will be the God that I will worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# on this road on which I am walking + +This stands for Jacob's journey to find a wife and to return home. AT: "on this journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will give me bread to eat + +Here "bread" stands for food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to my father's house + +Here "house" stands for Jacob's family. AT: "to my father and the rest of my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a sacred stone + +This means that the stone will mark the place where God appeared to him and it will be a place where people can worship God. AT: "God's house" or "God's place" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/28/intro.md b/gen/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a736a7974e --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 28 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Even though Jacob tricked his father in order to receive Esau's blessing, the chapter repeats the blessing, ensuring he inherits the blessings promised to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jacob's dream ##### +Jacob had a dream or received a vision. The purpose of this dream is to show that, despite Jacob's sin, God is giving Abraham's covenant promises to Jacob and his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### Bethel ##### +This was an important city for Abraham and his descendants. It is possible that there is some theological significance to the city of Bethel. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/01.md b/gen/29/01.md index e575848fcf..4d35038ffc 100644 --- a/gen/29/01.md +++ b/gen/29/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## and, behold, three flocks of sheep were lying there by it ## +# the people of the east -The word “behold” This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this. +This means the people of Paddan Aram, which is a land east of the land of Canaan. -## For out of that well ## +# and, behold, three flocks of sheep were lying there by it -This phrase marks a change from the story to background information about how the shepherds watered the flocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +The word "behold" marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## they would water ## +# For out of that well + +"For from that well." This phrase marks a change from the story to background information about how the shepherds watered the flocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# they would water "the shepherds would water" or "those taking care of the sheep would water" -## the well's mouth ## +# the well's mouth -"the opening of the well" \ No newline at end of file +Here "mouth" is a way of referring to an opening. AT: "the opening of the well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/04.md b/gen/29/04.md index 509aa2de2c..de3dc0450e 100644 --- a/gen/29/04.md +++ b/gen/29/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Jacob said to them ## +# Jacob said to them "Jacob said to the shepherds" -## My brothers ## +# My brothers This is a polite way to greet a stranger. -## and, look there, Rachel his daughter is coming with the sheep ## +# Laban son of Nahor -"Now look! Rachel his daughter is coming with the sheep" +Here "son" refers to a male descendant. Another possible meaning is "Laban the grandson of Nahor." -## Laban the son of Nahor ## +# and, look there, Rachel his daughter is coming with the sheep -Here "son" refers to a male descendant. Alternate translation: "Laban the grandson of Nahor." (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"Now look! Rachel his daughter is coming with the sheep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/07.md b/gen/29/07.md index cc73077f4c..755509f481 100644 --- a/gen/29/07.md +++ b/gen/29/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## for the flocks to be gathered together ## +# it is the middle of the day -This can be translated with an active verb: "for you to gather the flocks." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"the sun is still high in the sky" or "the sun is still shining brightly" -## let them graze ## +# for the flocks to be gathered together + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for you to gather the flocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to be gathered together + +This means to gather them together inside a fence for them to stay for the night. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let them graze "let them eat grass in the field" -## from the well’s mouth ## +# We cannot water them -"from the well" or "from the opening of the well" +"We have to wait to water them". This has to do with timing, not permission. -## and we will water the sheep ## +# until all the flocks are gathered together + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until the other shepherds gather their flocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the well's mouth + +Here "mouth" is way of referring to an opening. AT: "from the well" or "from the opening of the well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# and we will water the sheep "then we will water the sheep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/09.md b/gen/29/09.md index 68872740ea..1099550f90 100644 --- a/gen/29/09.md +++ b/gen/29/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## his mother's brother ## +# his mother's brother "his uncle" -## the well’s mouth ## +# the well's mouth -"the well" or "the opening of the well" \ No newline at end of file +Here "mouth" is a way of referring to an opening. AT: "the well" or "the opening of the well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/11.md b/gen/29/11.md index 31f83c7892..87bbb5352e 100644 --- a/gen/29/11.md +++ b/gen/29/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Jacob kissed Rachel ## +# Jacob kissed Rachel In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. However, it is normally done between men. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate. -## her father’s relative ## +# wept loudly + +Jacob weeps because he is so happy. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# her father's relative "related to her father" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/13.md b/gen/29/13.md index 9ab08cc1c1..0b28b6c4ee 100644 --- a/gen/29/13.md +++ b/gen/29/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## his sister's son ## +# his sister's son "his nephew" -## embraced him ## +# embraced him "hugged him" -## kissed him ## +# kissed him In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. However, it is normally done between men. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate. -## Jacob told Laban all these things ## +# Jacob told Laban all these things "then Jacob told Laban everything he told Rachel" -## my bone and my flesh ## +# my bone and my flesh -This phrase means they are directly related. Alternate translation: "my relative" or "a member of my family." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase means they are directly related. AT: "my relative" or "a member of my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/15.md b/gen/29/15.md index ca78f3613e..e767b71b1e 100644 --- a/gen/29/15.md +++ b/gen/29/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## should you therefore serve me for nothing? ## +# Should you serve me for nothing ... my relative? -Laban uses a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "it certainly would not be right to make you work for nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Laban uses a question to emphasize that he should pay Jacob for working for him. The question can be translated as a statement. This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "It is certainly right that I should pay you for working for me even though you are my relative." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## Now Laban had ## +# Now Laban had -The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban and his daughters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])) +The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban and his daughters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Leah’s eyes were tender ## +# Leah's eyes were tender -Possible meanings are 1) "Leah's eyes were pretty" or 2) "Leah's eyes were plain." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "Leah's eyes were pretty" or 2) "Leah's eyes were plain" + +# Jacob loved Rachel + +Here the word "loved" refers to a romantic attraction between a man and a woman. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/19.md b/gen/29/19.md index 52762cffe6..91cbe95105 100644 --- a/gen/29/19.md +++ b/gen/29/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## than that I should give her to another man ## +# than that I should give her to another man "rather than give her to another man" -## and they seemed to him only a few days ## +# and they seemed to him only a few days "but the time seemed to him to be only a few days" -## for the love he had for her ## +# for the love he had for her -"on account of the love he had for her" or "because of the love he had for her" \ No newline at end of file +"on account of the love he had for her" or "because of his love for her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/21.md b/gen/29/21.md index 0db18cfdf6..321d3c1e61 100644 --- a/gen/29/21.md +++ b/gen/29/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Give me my wife, for my days have been completed–so that I may marry her ## +# Give me my wife, for my days have been completed—so that I may marry her! -so that I may marry her** - Alternate translation: "Give me Rachel so that I may marry her, for I have worked seven years for you." +The phrase "have been completed" can be stated in active form. The statement is emphatic. AT: Give me my wife, so that I may marry her, for I have completed the length of time that I was to work for you!"Give me Rachel so that I may marry her, for I have worked seven years for you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## made a feast ## +# made a feast -"prepared a wedding feast" \ No newline at end of file +"prepared a wedding feast." Most likely Laban had others prepare the feast. AT: "had others prepare a wedding feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/23.md b/gen/29/23.md index 70eb8da125..1922c4acd0 100644 --- a/gen/29/23.md +++ b/gen/29/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Zilpah ## +# who slept with her + +It is implied that Jacob did not know he was with Leah because it was dark and he could not see. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Laban gave his female servant Zilpah ... her servant + +Here the author gives background information about Laban giving Zilpah to Leah. Most likely he gave Zilpah to Leah before the wedding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Zilpah This is the name of Leah's female servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## behold, it was Leah ## +# behold, it was Leah -The word “behold” here shows that [the person] was surprised by what he saw. Alternate translation: "Jacob was surprised to see it was Leah in bed with him." +"Jacob was surprised to see it was Leah in bed with him." The word "behold" here shows that Jacob was surprised by what he saw. -## Did I not serve you for Rachel? ## +# What is this you have done to me? -Jacob uses these questions to express his hurt or violation of trust toward Laban. Alternate translation: "I served you for seven years to marry Rachel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jacob uses a question to express his anger and surprise. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I cannot believe you did this to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did I not serve you for Rachel? + +Jacob uses these questions to express his hurt that Laban had tricked him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I served you for seven years to marry Rachel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/26.md b/gen/29/26.md index 3562830ba0..8511af989b 100644 --- a/gen/29/26.md +++ b/gen/29/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## It is not our custom to give ## +# It is not our custom to give "In our family we do not give" -## Complete the bridal week of this daughter ## +# Complete the bridal week of this daughter "Finish celebrating Leah's bridal week" -## and we will give you the other also ## +# we will give you the other also -The full meaning can be made explicit: "and next week we will give you Rachel also." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The full meaning can be made explicit. AT: "next week we will give you Rachel also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/28.md b/gen/29/28.md index a49abee3db..4a2d3d0ab0 100644 --- a/gen/29/28.md +++ b/gen/29/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Jacob did so, and completed Leah's week ## +# Jacob did so, and completed Leah's week "And Jacob did what Laban asked, and finished celebrating Leah's bridal week" -## Bilhah ## +# Bilhah -This is the name of Rachel's female servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of Rachel's female servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jacob slept with Rachel + +This is a polite way to say that they had marital relations. AT: "Jacob married Rachel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# he loved Rachel + +This refers to the romantic love between a man and a woman. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/31.md b/gen/29/31.md index 6cad9206cc..5c0ba8abd5 100644 --- a/gen/29/31.md +++ b/gen/29/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Leah was not loved ## +# Leah was not loved -This can be translated with an active verb: "Jacob did not love Leah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jacob did not love Leah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## was childless ## +# not loved -"was not able to have children" +This is an exaggeration to emphasize that Jacob loved Rachel more than Leah. AT: "loved less than Rachel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Leah conceived and bore a son ## +# so he opened her womb + +God causing Leah to be able to become pregnant is spoken of as if God is opening her womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# was childless + +"was not able to become pregnant" + +# Leah conceived and bore a son "Leah became pregnant and gave birth to a son" -## she called his name Reuben ## +# she called his name Reuben -Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Reuben means 'See, a son.'" +Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Reuben means 'See, a son.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## my affliction ## +# Yahweh has looked upon my affliction -Leah was experiencing a certain amount of rejection from Jacob. "my emotional pain" or "my sorrow". \ No newline at end of file +Leah was experiencing emotional pain because Jacob had rejected her. The abstract noun "affliction" can be stated as a verb. AT: "Yahweh saw that I was suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/33.md b/gen/29/33.md index 34bcab5bac..ab9e8f94bf 100644 --- a/gen/29/33.md +++ b/gen/29/33.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Then she conceived ## +# Then she conceived "Then Leah became pregnant" -## bore a son ## +# bore a son "gave birth to a son" -## Yahweh has heard that I am unloved ## +# Yahweh has heard that I am unloved -"Yahweh has heard that my husband does not love me" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has heard that my husband does not love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## she called his name Simeon ## +# she called his name Simeon -Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Simeon means 'heard.'" +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Simeon means 'heard.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## will my husband be attached to me ## +# will my husband be attached to me "my husband will embrace me" -## I have borne him three sons ## +# I have borne him three sons "I have given birth to three sons for him" -## his name was called Levi ## +# his name was called Levi -Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Levi means 'attached.'" \ No newline at end of file +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Levi means 'attached.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/35.md b/gen/29/35.md index 67c17ce9ab..a2dce96c28 100644 --- a/gen/29/35.md +++ b/gen/29/35.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## She conceived again ## +# She conceived again "Leah became pregnant again" -## bore a son ## +# bore a son "gave birth to a son" -## this time will I ## +# she called his name Judah -"this time I will" - -## she called his name Judah ## - -Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Judah means 'praise.'" \ No newline at end of file +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Judah means 'praise.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/29/intro.md b/gen/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..816247fc17 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Genesis 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +This chapter records the conflict between Jacob's wives, Rachel and Leah. This account continues into the next chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Shepherds ##### +Although the exact reasoning for the shepherds' unwillingness to give water to the sheep is unknown, it is probable they were being lazy. The actions of these shepherds contrast Jacob's actions. + +##### Kissing ##### +It was common in the ancient Near East for relatives to greet each other with a kiss. There was nothing sexual about this type of kissing. + +##### Marriage ##### +It was customary in the ancient Near East for a man to work for a woman's father in order to earn the right to marry her. It is unknown how common it was for a father to have his younger daughter marry before an older daughter. It was also sinful for Jacob to marry more than one wife. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/01.md b/gen/30/01.md index a61171ce5d..6146f2f684 100644 --- a/gen/30/01.md +++ b/gen/30/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## she bore Jacob no children ## +# When Rachel saw that she bore Jacob no children -"she had not given birth to children for Jacob" +"When Rachel realized that she was unable to become preganant" -## I will die ## +# I will die -Rachel is using hyperbole to show how upset she is about not having children. This could be translated as "I will feel completely worthless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Rachel is exaggerating to show how upset she is about not having children. AT: "I will feel completely worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Jacob’s anger was burned against Rachel ## +# Give me children -The phrase "anger was burned" is an idiom that can be translated as "Jacob was very angry with Rachel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"Cause me to become pregnant" -## Am I in the place of God, who has kept you from having children? ## +# Jacob's anger burned against Rachel -This is a rhetorical question that Jacob uses to scold Rachel. It can be translated as a statement: "I am not God! I am not preventing you from having children!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jacob's anger is spoken of as if it were a fire. AT: "Jacob was very angry with Rachel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Am I in the place of God, who has kept you from having children? + +This is a rhetorical question that Jacob uses to scold Rachel. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am not God! I am not the one who is preventing you from having children!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/03.md b/gen/30/03.md index f4eb25ebf6..e92adcb1cd 100644 --- a/gen/30/03.md +++ b/gen/30/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## She said, ## +# She said -"Then Rachel said," +"Rachel said" -## See ## +# See -This can be translated as “Look” (UDB) or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." This adds emphasis to what Rachel says next. -## Bilhah ## +# there is my servant Bilhah ... I will have children by her -This is the name of Rachel's female servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +At that time, this was an acceptable way for a barren woman to have children that would legally belong to her. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## on my knees ## +# Bilhah -This expression means that Bilhah's children will belong to Rachel. It could be translated as "for me." +This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/28.md). -## I will have children by her ## +# on my knees -This could be translated as “I will build my family through her.” \ No newline at end of file +This is a way of saying that the child that Bilhah gives birth to will belong to Rachel. AT: "for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will have children by her + +"and in this way she will cause me to have children" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/05.md b/gen/30/05.md index fb5e7f4eb9..cf67ebaf80 100644 --- a/gen/30/05.md +++ b/gen/30/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## Bilhah conceived ## +# Bilhah -This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 30:3](./03.md). +This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/28.md). -## bore Jacob a son ## +# bore Jacob a son "gave birth to a son for Jacob" -## God has listened to me ## +# she called his name -This can be translated as "God has judged me" +"Rachel gave him the name" -## heard my voice ## +# called his name Dan -Here "my voice" is a synecdoche and can be translated as "heard me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## she called his name ## - -"Rachel called his name" - -## called his name Dan ## - -Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Dan means 'he judged.'" \ No newline at end of file +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Dan means 'he judged.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/07.md b/gen/30/07.md index 4d12b24552..8d599f34c0 100644 --- a/gen/30/07.md +++ b/gen/30/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Bilhah...conceived again ## +# Bilhah ... conceived again -"Bilhah...became pregnant again" +"Bilhah ... became pregnant again" -## and bore Jacob a second son ## +# bore Jacob a second son -"and gave birth to a second son for Jacob" +"gave birth to a second son for Jacob" -## With mighty wrestlings have I wrestled with my sister ## +# With mighty wrestlings have I wrestled with my sister -The phrase "wrestlings have I wrestled" is an idiom used for emphasis. It is also a metaphor that compares a physical fight with Rachel's attempts to have a child like her sister has. It could be translated as "I have had a great struggle to have children like my older sister, Leah." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The phrase "wrestlings have I wrestled" is an idiom used for emphasis. It is also a metaphor that speaks of Rachel's attempts to have a child like her sister as if she were having a physical fight with Leah. AT: "I have had a great struggle to have children like my older sister, Leah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and have prevailed ## +# have prevailed -"and I have won" or "I have succeeded" +"I have won" or "I have succeeded" -## called his name Naphtali ## +# called his name Naphtali Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Naphtali means 'my struggle.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/09.md b/gen/30/09.md index e58360d353..053c8377b8 100644 --- a/gen/30/09.md +++ b/gen/30/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## When Leah saw that ## +# When Leah saw that "When Leah became aware that" -## she took Zilpah, her servant, and gave her to Jacob as a wife ## +# she took Zilpah, her servant, and gave her to Jacob as a wife -"she gave Zilpah, her servant, to Jacob as a wife." +"she gave Zilpah, her servant, to Jacob as a wife" -## Zilpah ## +# Zilpah -This is the name of Leah's female servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of Leah's female servant. See how you translated this in [Genesis 29:24](../29/23.md). -## bore Jacob a son. ## +# bore Jacob a son "gave birth to a son for Jacob" -## This is fortunate! ## +# This is fortunate! "How fortunate!" or "What good luck!" -## called his name Gad ## +# called his name Gad -Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Gad means 'fortunate.'” \ No newline at end of file +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Gad means 'fortunate.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/12.md b/gen/30/12.md index dc38a48729..141905bff4 100644 --- a/gen/30/12.md +++ b/gen/30/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Then Zilpah ## +# Zilpah -See [Genesis 30:9](./09.md) on how to translate Zilpah. +This is the name of Leah's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24](../29/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## bore Jacob a second son ## +# bore Jacob a second son "gave birth to a second son for Jacob" -## I am happy! ## +# I am happy! "How blessed I am!" or "How happy I am!" -## the daughters ## +# the daughters "the women" or "the young women" -## called his name Asher ## +# called his name Asher -Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Asher means 'happy.'" \ No newline at end of file +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Asher means 'happy.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/14.md b/gen/30/14.md index bd4c301d21..0d785a46b7 100644 --- a/gen/30/14.md +++ b/gen/30/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Reuben went ## +# Reuben went "Reuben went out" -## in the days of wheat harvest ## +# in the days of wheat harvest -Here the phrase "in the days of" is an idiom that refers to the season or time of year. This can be translated as "at the time of year of the wheat harvest" or "during the wheat harvest." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the phrase "in the days of" is an idiom that refers to the season or time of year. AT: "at the time of year of the wheat harvest" or "during the wheat harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and found mandrakes ## +# mandrakes -a fruit that was said to produce sexual desire and fertility. This could be translated as "love fruit." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +This is a fruit that was said to increase fertility and the desire to sleep with one's lover. AT: "love fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## Is it a small matter to you" ## +# Is it a small matter to you ... my husband? -This is a rhetorical question used to scold Rachel. If your language uses rhetorical questions in this way it could be translated as "Do you not care" or "Does it mean nothing to you." Or, it could be translated as a statement: "It is bad enough that you have taken away my husband." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +"Do you not care ... my husband?" This is a rhetorical question used to scold Rachel. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "It is bad enough ... my husband." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do you now want ## +# Do you now want ... too? -This is a rhetorical used to scold Rachel. It can be translated as "Now you want." +This is a rhetorical question, used to scold Rachel. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Now you want ... too!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Then he will sleep ## +# Then he will sleep "Then Jacob will sleep" or "Then I will let Jacob sleep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/16.md b/gen/30/16.md index 8aeb73ae07..594362f805 100644 --- a/gen/30/16.md +++ b/gen/30/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## with my son's mandrakes ## +# with my son's mandrakes -"for the price of my son's mandrakes." See how "mandrake" was translated in [Genesis 30:14](./14.md). +"for the price of my son's mandrakes." See how you translated "mandrake" in [Genesis 30:14](./14.md). -## she conceived ## +# she conceived "She became pregnant" -## and bore Jacob a fifth son ## +# bore Jacob a fifth son -"and gave birth to a fifth son for Jacob" +"gave birth to a fifth son for Jacob" -## my wages ## +# God has given me my wages -Leah believed that God was rewarding her for giving her servant to Jacob. Alternate translation: "my due" or "my reward" +God rewarding Leah is spoken of as if he were a boss paying wages to someone who works for him. AT: "God has given my due" or "God has rewarded me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## She called his name Issachar. ## +# She called his name Issachar Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Issachar means 'there is a reward.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/19.md b/gen/30/19.md index e32e72c3c5..1ed7d4dcd7 100644 --- a/gen/30/19.md +++ b/gen/30/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Leah conceived again ## +# Leah conceived again "Leah became pregnant again" -## and bore a sixth son to Jacob. ## +# bore a sixth son to Jacob -"and gave birth to a sixth son for Jacob." +"gave birth to a sixth son for Jacob" -## She called his name Zebulun ## +# She called his name Zebulun Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Zebulun means 'honor.'" -## and called her name Dinah. ## +# called her name Dinah This is the name of Leah's daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/22.md b/gen/30/22.md index 43ef431a32..164521aff5 100644 --- a/gen/30/22.md +++ b/gen/30/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## God called Rachel to mind ## +# God called Rachel to mind and listened to her -God cared for Rachel and chose to enable her to become pregnant. +The phrase "call to mind" means to remember. This does not mean God forgot about Rachel. It means he considered her request. AT: "God considered Rachel and granted to her what she wanted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## She called his name Joseph ## +# God has taken away my shame -Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Joseph means 'may he add.'" +God causing Rachel to no longer feel ashamed is spoken of as if "shame" were an object that person could take away from someone else. The abstract noun "shame" can be stated as "ashamed." AT: "God has caused me to no longer feel ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Yahweh has added to me another son ## +# She called his name Joseph + +Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Joseph means 'may he add.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Yahweh has added to me another son Rachel's first sons were through her female servant Bilhah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/25.md b/gen/30/25.md index 285ff82c1c..7a6f1f1e5a 100644 --- a/gen/30/25.md +++ b/gen/30/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## After Rachel had borne Joseph ## +# After Rachel had borne Joseph "After Rachel gave birth to Joseph" -## and let me go ## +# and let me go "so I can go" -## you know the service I have given you ## +# you know the service I have given you -"you know that I have served you enough." Jacob is reminding Laban of their contract ([Genesis 29:26](../29/26.md)). \ No newline at end of file +Jacob is reminding Laban of their contract ([Genesis Gen 29:27](../29/26.md)). The abstract noun "service" can be stated as "served." AT: "you know that I have served you long enough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/27.md b/gen/30/27.md index e24eb5795d..e3c583a415 100644 --- a/gen/30/27.md +++ b/gen/30/27.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Laban said to him ## +# Laban said to him "Laban said to Jacob" -## If now I have found favor in your eyes ## +# If now I have found favor in your eyes -The phrase "in your eyes" refers Jacob's thoughts or opinion. Alternate translation: "If I have found favor with you" or "If you are pleased with me." (UDB) +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "If I have found favor with you" or "If you are pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## wait ## +# found favor -"please stay" +This is an idiom that means that someone is approved of by someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I have divined ## +# wait, because -"I have discovered by my own spiritual practices" +"please stay, because" -## for your sake ## +# I have learned by using divination + +"I have discovered by my own spiritual and magical practices" + +# for your sake "because of you" -## Name your wages ## +# Name your wages -This can be made more explicit: "Tell me how much I have to pay to keep you here." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). \ No newline at end of file +This can be made more explicit. AT: "Tell me how much I have to pay to keep you here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/29.md b/gen/30/29.md index c0c5ec6057..c8c766ddd6 100644 --- a/gen/30/29.md +++ b/gen/30/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Jacob said to him ## +# Jacob said to him "Jacob said to Laban" -## how your livestock have fared with me ## +# how your livestock have fared with me "how well your livestock have done since I started taking care of them" -## For you had little before I came ## +# For you had little before I came "your herds were small before I worked for you" -## and it has increased abundantly ## +# and it has increased abundantly "but now your wealth has greatly increased" -## Now when will I provide for my own household also? ## +# Now when will I provide for my own household also? -"Now when will I take care of my own family?" This can be translated as a statement: "Now I want to take care of my family." \ No newline at end of file +"Now when will I take care of my own family?" Jacob uses a question to emphasize that he wants to start providing for his own family. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Now I want to take care of my family!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/31.md b/gen/30/31.md index 53dded2f2e..c4fcb8de09 100644 --- a/gen/30/31.md +++ b/gen/30/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## What will I pay you? ## +# What will I pay you -"What can I pay you" or "What can I give you?" This can be made more explicit: "What can I pay you so that you stay and work for me?" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). +"What can I pay you" or "What can I give you." This can be made more explicit. AT: "What can I pay you so that you stay and work for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). -## If you will do this thing for me ## +# If you will do this thing for me -"But if you will do this thing for me" +The connecting word "but" can be added to indicate that this is the one thing Jacob wants. AT: "But if you will do this thing for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## feed your flock and keep it ## +# feed your flock and keep it "feed and take care of your flock" -## removing from it every speckled and spotted sheep, and every black one among the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats. ## +# removing from it every speckled and spotted sheep, and every black one among the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats -"and remove every sheep with spots, every black sheep, and every goat with spots." +"and remove every sheep with spots, every black sheep, and every goat with spots" -## These will be my wages ## +# These will be my wages -"This will be the cost of keeping me here." \ No newline at end of file +"This will be the cost of keeping me here" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/33.md b/gen/30/33.md index 8b064eddcc..1cb0ebe0ad 100644 --- a/gen/30/33.md +++ b/gen/30/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## My integrity will testify for me later on ## +# My integrity will testify for me later on -The word "integrity" means to be honest or fair. Alternate translation: "And later you will know if I have been honest with you or not." +The word "integrity" means "honesty." This speaks about integrity as if it were a person who could testify for or against another person. AT: "And later you will know if I have been honest with you or not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Every one that is not speckled and spotted among the goats, and black among the sheep, if any are found with me, will be considered to be stolen. ## +# Every one that is not speckled and spotted among the goats, and black among the sheep, if any are found with me, will be considered to be stolen -This can be translated with active verbs: "If you find any goats without spots or any sheep that are not black, you can consider them stolen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If you find any goats without spots or any sheep that are not black, you can consider them stolen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Let it be according to your word ## +# Let it be according to your word -"it will be as you say" or "we will do what you have said" [UDB] \ No newline at end of file +"Let it be as you say" or "We will do what you have said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/35.md b/gen/30/35.md index f0c1315f21..50e115cec4 100644 --- a/gen/30/35.md +++ b/gen/30/35.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## that were striped and spotted ## +# that were striped and spotted "that had stripes and spots" -## that were speckled and spotted ## +# that were speckled and spotted "that had spots" -## every one that had white in it ## +# every one that had white in it "every goat that had some white in it" -## and all the black ones among the sheep ## +# all the black ones among the sheep -"and all the black sheep" \ No newline at end of file +"all the black sheep" + +# gave them into the hand + +Here "hand" stands for control or care. AT: "had his sons take care of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/37.md b/gen/30/37.md index 3ea40bcc6b..c90052ad32 100644 --- a/gen/30/37.md +++ b/gen/30/37.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## fresh poplar ... almond ... plane tree ## +# fresh poplar ... almond ... plane tree These are all trees with white wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## and peeled white streaks in them, and made the white inner wood appear that was in the sticks ## +# peeled white streaks in them, and made the white inner wood appear that was in the sticks -"and peeled off pieces of bark so that the white wood underneath would show" +"peeled off pieces of bark so that the white wood underneath would show" -## the watering-trough ## +# the watering troughs -trough** - a long open container for holding water for animals to drink - -## conceived ## - -"mated" or "bred" \ No newline at end of file +long open containers for holding water for animals to drink \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/39.md b/gen/30/39.md index 69f132f822..58fb22baf8 100644 --- a/gen/30/39.md +++ b/gen/30/39.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## conceived ## +# The flocks bred -"bred" or "mated" (UDB) +"The animals of the flocks conceived" or "The animals mated" -## produced striped, speckled, and spotted young ## +# produced striped, speckled, and spotted young "gave birth to babies with stripes and spots" -## and set the face of the flock toward ## +# Jacob separated -"and he turned them to look at" +It can be made explicit that this happened over several years. AT: "During the several years following, Jacob separated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he separated his flocks ## +# face toward -"he set his flocks apart" +"look toward" -## did not mix them ## +# he separated out his flocks for himself alone -"did not put them" \ No newline at end of file +"he set his flocks apart" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/41.md b/gen/30/41.md index e86c2b9b83..fdc5ebd82c 100644 --- a/gen/30/41.md +++ b/gen/30/41.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## before the eyes of the flock ## +# before the eyes of the flock -"so that the flock could see them" +Here the flock's "eyes" represent the sheep and emphasize what they see. AT: "so that the flock could see them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## so that they might conceive among the sticks ## - -"to increase the chances that they would conceive among the sticks" - -## might conceive ## - -"might breed" or "might mate" - -## among the sticks ## +# among the sticks "in front of the sticks" -## the feebler animals ## +# the feebler animals "the weaker animals" -## so the feebler animals were Laban's, and the stronger were Jacob's. ## +# So the feebler animals were Laban's, and the stronger were Jacob's -"So the weaker offspring belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring belonged to Jacob." You can make this even more explicit: "So the weaker offspring did not have stripes or spots and so belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring did have stripes or spots and so belonged to Jacob." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). \ No newline at end of file +"So the weaker offspring belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring belonged to Jacob." You can make this even more explicit. AT: "So the weaker offspring did not have stripes or spots and so belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring did have stripes or spots and so belonged to Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/43.md b/gen/30/43.md index 3d0642b27f..f1bc6cb674 100644 --- a/gen/30/43.md +++ b/gen/30/43.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## The man ## +# The man "Jacob" -## became very prosperous ## +# became very prosperous -"greatly prospered" or "became very wealthy" - -## donkeys ## - -an animal that is like a small horse with long ears (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +"greatly prospered" or "became very wealthy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/30/intro.md b/gen/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4386c9f776 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 30 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues the story of the conflict between Rachel and Leah. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Women and their children ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was important for a married woman to have many children. If a woman did not have many children, people believed it brought shame upon her. This is one of the reasons why Rachel and Leah were always jealous of each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]]) + +##### Speckled and spotted ##### +Speckled and spotted sheep were considered to be imperfect. Therefore, they were considered to be much less valuable than the spotless sheep. Despite Jacob's fair offer, Laban once again tried to cheat him out of something he deserved. Jacob anticipated Laban's cheating. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/01.md b/gen/31/01.md index 6249cccb54..3b091a80bd 100644 --- a/gen/31/01.md +++ b/gen/31/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Jacob heard the words of Laban’s sons, that they said ## +# Now -"Jacob heard that Laban's sons were saying," +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story. -## has taken away all that was our father’s ## +# Jacob heard the words of Laban's sons, that they said -Laban's sons were exaggerating because they were angry. This could be translated as "has taken so much that belonged to our father." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"Jacob heard that Laban's sons were saying" -## Jacob saw the look on Laban's face. He saw that his attitude toward him had changed ## +# Jacob has taken away all that was our father's -These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second explains the look that Jacob saw on Laban's face. AT: "Jacob noticed that Laban was no longer pleased with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Laban's sons were exaggerating because they were angry. AT: "Everything that Jacob has taken belonged to our father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## your fathers ## +# Jacob saw the look on Laban's face. He saw that his attitude toward him had changed + +These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second explains the look that Jacob saw on Laban's face. AT: "Jacob noticed that Laban was no longer pleased with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# your fathers "your father Isaac and your grandfather Abraham" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/04.md b/gen/31/04.md index 2f85f8bf6f..1a36d556e2 100644 --- a/gen/31/04.md +++ b/gen/31/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field to his flock ## +# Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field to his flock -"Jacob sent for Rachel and Leah and told them to meet him out in the field with the flocks." +"Jacob sent for Rachel and Leah and told them to meet him out in the field with the flocks" -## and said to them ## +# to his flock and said to them -This can be a new sentence: "He said to them" +This can be stated as two shorter sentences. AT: "to his flock. He said to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]]) -## I see your father’s attitude toward me has changed ## +# I see your father's attitude toward me has changed "I have noticed your father is no longer pleased with me" -## You know that it is with all my strength that I have served your father ## +# You know that it is with all my strength that I have served your father -The word "you" here refers to both Rachel and Leah. It also adds emphasis. Alternate translation: "You yourselves know that I have served your father with all my strength." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "you" here refers to both Rachel and Leah. It also adds emphasis. AT: "You yourselves know that I have served your father with all my strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/07.md b/gen/31/07.md index 3d2e146e19..8ec17d1ab5 100644 --- a/gen/31/07.md +++ b/gen/31/07.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## has deceived me ## +# has deceived me "has lied to me" or "has not treated me fairly" -## my wages ## +# my wages "what he said he would pay me" -## to hurt me ## +# to hurt me -Possible meanings are 1) to cause Jacob to suffer in any way or 2) physical harm, as in the UDB. +Possible meanings are 1) physical harm or 2) to cause Jacob to suffer in any way. -## the flock bore ## +# The speckled animals + +"The animals with spots" + +# the flock bore "the flock gave birth to" -## The speckled animals ## +# The striped -"the animals with spots" +"The animals with stripes" -## The striped ## +# In this way God has taken away the livestock of your father and given them to me -"the animals with stripes" - -## In this way God has taken away the livestock of your father and given them to me ## - -"This is how God gave your father's cattle to me." \ No newline at end of file +"This is how God gave your father's animals to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/10.md b/gen/31/10.md index 1c43567064..25ece1b0be 100644 --- a/gen/31/10.md +++ b/gen/31/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Jacob continues his story to his wives Leah and Rachel. -## Once at the time of breeding season ## +# Once at the time of breeding season -"During the breading season" +"During the breeding season" -## were striped, speckled, and spotted ## +# mating with the flock + +Here "flock" represents only the female goats. AT: "mating with the female goats of the flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# were striped, speckled, and spotted "had stripes, little spots, and big spots" -## angel of God ## +# angel of God -Possible meanings are 1) God himself appeared as a man, or 2) One of God's messengers appeared. Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of God” using the normal word that you use for “angel.” +Possible meanings are 1) God himself appeared as a man or 2) one of God's messengers appeared. Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as "the angel of God," using the normal word that you use for "angel." -## I said, "Here I am" ## +# I said -"And I answered, 'Here I am' " +"And I answered" -## Here I am ## +# Here I am -See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +"Yes, I am listening" or "Yes, what is it?" See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/12.md b/gen/31/12.md index 8d1a779f23..34acac0241 100644 --- a/gen/31/12.md +++ b/gen/31/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The angel of the Lord continues to talk to Jacob. (See: [Genesis 31:10](./10.md)) -## Lift up your eyes ## +# Lift up your eyes -This means "Look up" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is a way of saying "Look up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## are striped, speckled, and spotted ## +# that are breeding with the flock + +Here "flock" stands for only the female goats. AT: "that are breeding with the female goats of the flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# are striped, speckled, and spotted "have stripes and spots" -## where you vowed a vow to me ## +# where you anointed a pillar -"where you made a vow to me" +Jacob poured oil on the pillar to dedicate it to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## the land of your birth ## +# the land of your birth "the land where you were born" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/14.md b/gen/31/14.md index ad904d2c6c..266a1bb0e4 100644 --- a/gen/31/14.md +++ b/gen/31/14.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Rachel and Leah answered and said to him ## +# Rachel and Leah answered and said to him This does not mean they talked at the same time. It emphasizes they agreed with each other. -## Is there any portion or inheritance for us in our father’s house? ## +# Is there any portion or inheritance for us in our father's house? -Rachel and Leah use a question to emphasize that there is nothing left for their father to give. Alternate translation: "There is absolutely nothing left for us to inherit from our father." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Rachel and Leah use a question to emphasize that there is nothing left for their father to give. AT: "There is absolutely nothing left for us to inherit from our father!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Are we not treated by him as foreigners? ## +# Are we not treated by him as foreigners? -They use a question to show their anger about how their father treats them. This can be translated with an active verb: "Our father treats us like a foreign women instead of daughters." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +They use a question to show their anger about how their father treats them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Our father treats us like a foreign women instead of daughters!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For he has sold us ## +# For he has sold us -This can be made more explicit: "he has sold us for his own gain." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be made more explicit. AT: "He has sold us for his own gain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## completely devoured ## +# has also completely devoured our money -"completely used up" +Laban completely using up the money that he should have given to his daughters is spoken of as if he were a wild beast that ate the money as if it were food. AT: "he completely used up our money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## are now ours and our children's ## +# are now ours and our children's "belongs to us and to our children" -## whatever God has said to you, do it ## +# Now then + +Here "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# whatever God has said to you, do it "do all that God has told you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/17.md b/gen/31/17.md index 273d6cba6b..63f9962873 100644 --- a/gen/31/17.md +++ b/gen/31/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## his sons ## +# his sons -Jacob took all of his children. It only mentions the sons because they are important as his heirs. Alternate translation: "his children." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jacob took all of his children. It only mentions the sons because they are important as his heirs. AT: "his children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## He began to drive all his livestock ## +# He drove all his livestock -"Livestock" is referring to all his domesticate animals. Alternate translation: "He drove all his cattle." +"He drove all his cattle." Here "livestock" is referring to all his domesticate animals. -## the livestock in his possession, which he had gained in Paddan Aram ## +# including the livestock he had acquired in Paddan Aram -"the cattle which he gained in Paddan Aram" +"and the other herd of cattle which he took ownership of when he was in Paddan Aram" -## He began to go to Isaac his father, to the land of Canaan ## +# Then he set out to go to his father Isaac in the land of Canaan -"He went to the land of Canaan, to his Father Isaac" \ No newline at end of file +"He went to the land of Canaan, where his father Isaac lived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/19.md b/gen/31/19.md index e89dd22b74..59568357a0 100644 --- a/gen/31/19.md +++ b/gen/31/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Now Laban had gone to shear his sheep, and Rachel stole her father’s household gods ## +# When Laban had gone to shear his sheep -"When Laban had left to cut the wool off of his sheep, Rachel stole her father's idols." +"When Laban had left to cut the wool off of his sheep" -## the River ## +# the River This refers to the Euphrates River. -## the hill country of Gilead ## +# headed toward + +"traveled toward" + +# the hill country of Gilead "the mountains of Gilead" or "Mount Gilead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/22.md b/gen/31/22.md index f233b57dae..e1e75f9f9a 100644 --- a/gen/31/22.md +++ b/gen/31/22.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## On the third day ## +# On the third day -It was Jewish custom to count the day of departure as day one. "Two days after they left" +It was Jewish custom to count the day of departure as day one. AT: "Two days after they had left" -## Laban was told ## +# Laban was told -Alternate translation: "Someone told Laban." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone told Laban" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that Jacob had fled ## +# that Jacob had fled -Only Jacob is mentioned because he is the leader of the family. It can be made explicit that his family went with him: "that Jacob had fled with his wives and children." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Only Jacob is mentioned because he is the leader of the family. It can be made explicit that his family went with him. AT: "that Jacob had fled with his wives and children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## So he took ## +# So he took "So Laban took" -## and pursued him ## +# pursued him -"and chased after Jacob" +"chased after Jacob" -## for a seven days' journey ## +# for a seven days' journey Laban spent seven days walking to catch up to Jacob. -## He overtook him ## +# He overtook him "He caught up to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/24.md b/gen/31/24.md index 1fd993d52b..1754c4c29d 100644 --- a/gen/31/24.md +++ b/gen/31/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Now God came to Laban the Aramean in a dream at night ## +# Now God came to Laban the Aramean in a dream at night -The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban. Alternate translation: "That night God came to Laban in a dream." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban. AT: "That night God came to Laban in a dream" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Be careful that you speak to Jacob neither good or bad ## +# Be careful that you speak to Jacob neither good nor bad -The phrase "good or bad" are used together to mean "anything." Alternate translation: "Do not say anything to try and stop Jacob from leaving." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +The phrase "good nor bad" are used together to mean "anything." AT: "Do not say anything to try and stop Jacob from leaving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## Laban overtook Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the hill country. Laban with his relatives camped in the hill country of Gilead also ## +# Laban overtook Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the hill country. Laban also camped with his relatives in the hill country of Gilead -The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob and Laban. Alternate translation: "When Laban caught up with Jacob, Jacob had set up camp in the hill country. Then Laban and his relatives also setup camp in the hill country of Gilead." \ No newline at end of file +The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob and Laban. AT: "When Laban caught up with Jacob, Jacob had set up camp in the hill country. Then Laban and his relatives also camped in the hill country of Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/26.md b/gen/31/26.md index f8c8251746..89b0458c45 100644 --- a/gen/31/26.md +++ b/gen/31/26.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## like prisoners of war ## +# carried away my daughters like prisoners of war -Laban compares Jacob leaving with his family to an army forcing prisoners to travel with them. Laban is exaggerating because he is angry and is trying to make Jacob feel guilty for what he did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Laban speaks about Jacob taking his family with him back to the land of Canaan as if Jacob took them as prisoners after a battle and is forcing them to go with him. Laban is exaggerating because he is angry and is trying to make Jacob feel guilty for what he did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## flee secretly ## +# flee secretly "run away in secret" -## with celebration ## +# with celebration "with joy" -## tambourine ## +# with tambourine and with harps -a small musical instrument that a person shakes with their hand +These instruments stand for music. AT: "and with music" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to kiss my grandsons ## +# tambourine -"to kiss my grandchildren" +a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## you have done foolishly ## +# to kiss my grandsons -"you have acted foolishly." \ No newline at end of file +Here "grandsons" would include all grandchildren whether male or female. AT: "to kiss my grandchildren" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# Now you have done foolishly + +"You have acted foolishly" + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/29.md b/gen/31/29.md index 497d9137af..24d2136699 100644 --- a/gen/31/29.md +++ b/gen/31/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## It is in my power to do you harm, ## +# It is in my power to do you harm -The word "you" is plural and refers to everyone with Jacob. Alternate translation: "I have enough people with me to harm all of you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The word "you" is plural and refers to everyone with Jacob. AT: "I have enough people with me to harm all of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Be careful that you speak to Jacob neither good or bad ## +# Be careful that you speak to Jacob neither good nor bad -See how you translated this in [Genesis 31:24](./24.md). +The words "good nor bad" are used together to mean "anything." See how you translated this in [Genesis 31:24](./24.md). AT: "Do not say anything to try and stop Jacob from leaving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## you have gone away ## +# you have gone away -This "you" is singular and refers to Jacob. +This "you" is singular and refers to Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## for your father’s house ## +# to your father's house -"to be home with your family" +Here "house" stands for family. AT: "to be home with your father and the rest of your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## my gods ## +# my gods "my idols" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/31.md b/gen/31/31.md index ae7e058ed1..f0b0230155 100644 --- a/gen/31/31.md +++ b/gen/31/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Because I was afraid and thought that you would take your daughters from me by force I left secretly. ## +# Because I was afraid and thought that you would take your daughters from me by force I left secretly -"I left in secret because I was afraid that you would take your daughters from me by force." +"I left in secret because I was afraid that you would take your daughters from me by force" -## will not continue to live ## +# Whoever has stolen your gods will not continue to live -Alternate translation: "we will put to death" or "we will execute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "We will kill whoever has stolen your gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## In the presence of our relatives ## +# In the presence of our relatives The word "our" refers to Jacob's relatives and includes Laban's relatives. All the relatives will watch to make sure everything is fair and honest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## whatever with me is yours and take it ## +# identify whatever with me is yours and take it -"whatever we have that is yours, take it" +"look for whatever we have that is yours and take it" -## For Jacob did not know that Rachel had stolen them ## +# For Jacob did not know that Rachel had stolen them This changes from the story to background information about Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/33.md b/gen/31/33.md index 52dd4e1c2a..9d8b2291c4 100644 --- a/gen/31/33.md +++ b/gen/31/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the two female servants ## +# the two female servants This refers to Zilpah and Bilhah. -## he did not find them ## +# he did not find them -"He did not find his idols" \ No newline at end of file +"he did not find his idols" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/34.md b/gen/31/34.md index 666717d5a0..ba1a941f41 100644 --- a/gen/31/34.md +++ b/gen/31/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Now Rachel ## +# Now Rachel ... upon them The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Rachel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## saddle ## +# saddle a seat placed on the back of an animal so a person can ride on it -## that I cannot stand up before you ## +# my master + +Calling someone "my master" is a way of honoring them. + +# that I cannot stand up before you "because I am unable to stand up in your presence" -## for I am having my period ## +# for I am having my period This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/36.md b/gen/31/36.md index 81e6415800..1c611db88c 100644 --- a/gen/31/36.md +++ b/gen/31/36.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## He said to him ## +# He said to him "Jacob said to Laban" -## What is my offense? What is my sin, that you have hotly pursued after me? ## +# What is my offense? What is my sin, that you have hotly pursued after me? -"What have I done wrong that you should pursue me like this?" +The phrases "What is my offense" and "What is my sin" mean basically the same thing. Jacob is asking Laban to tell him what he did wrong. AT: "What have I done wrong that you should pursue me like this?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## What have you found of all your household goods? ## +# hotly pursued after me + +Here the word "hotly" means Laban urgently chased Jacob intending to capture him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# What have you found of all your household goods? "What have you found that belongs to you?" -## Set them here before our relatives ## +# Set them here before our relatives -"Lay anything you have found in front of our relatives." Here the word "our" refers to Jacob's relatives and includes Laban's relatives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here the word "our" refers to Jacob's relatives and includes Laban's relatives. AT: "Lay anything you have found in front of our relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## they may judge between us two ## +# they may judge between us two -the "two of us" being Jacob and Laban. Alternate Translation: "they may judge between the two of us." \ No newline at end of file +Here "two of us" refers to Jacob and Laban. The phrase "to judge between" means to decide which person is right in a dispute. AT: "they may judge between the two of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/38.md b/gen/31/38.md index fd4c1175d0..1776cdbc9b 100644 --- a/gen/31/38.md +++ b/gen/31/38.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Jacob continues to speak to Laban. -## Twenty years ## +# twenty years "20 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## ewes ## +# ewes -female sheep. +female sheep -## miscarried ## +# have not miscarried -to have a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly +This means they have not had a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly with the lamb or kid born dead. -## What was torn by beasts I did not bring to you ## +# What was torn by beasts I did not bring to you -Alternate translation: "When a wild animal killed one of your animals I did not bring it to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When a wild animal killed one of your animals I did not bring it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Instead, I bore the loss of it. ## +# Instead, I bore the loss of it -"Instead of counting it a loss from your flock, I counted it as a loss from my flock." +For Jacob to count Laban's dead animals as a loss from his own flock is spoken of as if it was a burden he would bear on his shoulders. AT: "Instead of counting it a loss from your flock, I counted it as a loss from my flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## There I was; in the day the heat consumed me, and the frost by night ## +# There I was; in the day the heat consumed me, and the frost by night -"I stayed with your flocks even during hottest part of the day and the coldest part of the night." \ No newline at end of file +Suffering in the hot and cold temperatures is spoken of as if the temperatures were animals that were eating Jacob. AT: "I stayed with your flocks even during hottest part of the day and the coldest part of the night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/41.md b/gen/31/41.md index 2d686191e7..42a727ca09 100644 --- a/gen/31/41.md +++ b/gen/31/41.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Jacob continues to speak to Laban. -## These twenty years ## +# These twenty years "These last 20 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## fourteen years ## +# fourteen years -"14 years" +"14 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## changed my wages ten times ## +# changed my wages ten times -See how you translated this in [Genesis 31:7](./07.md). +"changed what he said he would pay me ten times." See how you translated "my wages" in [Genesis 31:7](./07.md). -## and the one Isaac fears ## +# Unless the God of my father, the God of Abraham, and the one Isaac fears, had been with me -"and the same God my father Isaac fears" +Jacob is referring to the same God not to three different gods. AT: "If the God of Abraham and Isaac, my father, had not been with me" -## sent me away empty-handed ## +# the God of my father -handed** - Alternate translation: "with absolutely nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "father" refers to his parent, Isaac. + +# the one Isaac fears + +Here the word "fears" refers to the "fear of Yahweh," which means to deeply respect him and show that respect by obeying him. + +# empty-handed + +This stands for having nothing. AT: "with absolutely nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God has seen my oppression and how hard I worked + +The abstract noun "oppression" can be stated as "oppressed." AT: "God has seen how hard I worked and how you oppressed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/43.md b/gen/31/43.md index cb88bfa064..3e3e1918cd 100644 --- a/gen/31/43.md +++ b/gen/31/43.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## But what can I do today to these my daughters, or to their children whom they have borne? ## +# But what can I do today to these my daughters, or to their children whom they have borne? -Laban uses a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "But, there is nothing I can do to bring my daughters and grandchildren back with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Laban uses a question to emphasize that there is nothing he can do. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "But, there is nothing I can do to bring my daughters and grandchildren back with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# let it be for a witness + +Here the word "witness" does not refer to a person, but it is used figuratively and refers to the covenant that Jacob and Laban are making. The covenant is spoken of as if it were a person who is there when they agree to act peacefully to one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/45.md b/gen/31/45.md index 174c23b93a..8cac66583b 100644 --- a/gen/31/45.md +++ b/gen/31/45.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## made a pile ## +# pillar + +This means that a large stone was simply set up on its end to mark the place where this important event happened. + +# made a pile "stacked them on top of each other" -## Jegar-saha-dutha ## +# Then they ate there by the pile -saha-dutha** - Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Jegar-saha-dutha means 'heap of witness' in Laban's language." +Eating a meal together was a part of making the covenant with one another. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Galeed ## +# Jegar Saha Dutha -Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Galeed means 'heap of witness' in Jacob's language. \ No newline at end of file +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Jegar Saha Dutha means 'heap of witness' in Laban's language." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Galeed + +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Galeed means 'heap of witness' in Jacob's language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/48.md b/gen/31/48.md index 6471f1a2ce..c54bb12f5c 100644 --- a/gen/31/48.md +++ b/gen/31/48.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## This pile is a witness between me and you ## +# This pile is a witness between me and you -The stones do not actually bear witness as a person. Alternate Translation: "This pile will be a reminder between me and you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The stones do not actually bear witness as a person. AT: "This pile will be a reminder between me and you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Galeed ## +# Galeed -See how you translated this in [Genesis 31:45](./45.md). +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Galeed means 'heap of witness' in Jacob's language. See how you translated this in [Genesis 31:47](./45.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Mizpah ## +# Mizpah -Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Mizpah means 'watchtower.'" +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Mizpah means 'watchtower.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## although no one else is with us ## +# when we are out of sight one from another -Here "us" refers to Laban and Jacob. Alternate translation: "even if no one else is there to see us" +Here "out of sight" stands for no longer being in each other's presence. AT: "when we are no longer with each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## see ## +# although no one else is with us -"remember" \ No newline at end of file +Here "us" refers to Laban and Jacob. AT: "even if no one else is there to see us" + +# see + +"remember." This adds emphasis to what is said next. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/51.md b/gen/31/51.md index ca4f13799c..f1a90a4af4 100644 --- a/gen/31/51.md +++ b/gen/31/51.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## This pile is a witness, and the pillar is a witness ## +# This pile is a witness, and the pillar is a witness -These piles of stones were to act as a remembrance and a boundary marker for Jacob and Laban regarding their peace agreement. +These piles of stones were to act as a remembrance and a boundary marker for Jacob and Laban regarding their peace agreement. They are spoken of as if they are human witnesses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## May the God of Abraham, and the God of Nahor, the God of their father, judge between us ## +# May the God of Abraham, and the god of Nahor, the gods of their father, judge between us -The word "God" is plural in this context. Since Laban worshipped several gods he was making a general promise that included the gods from both their grandfathers. Alternate Translation: "May Abraham's gods and Nahor's gods and their father's gods, judge between us." \ No newline at end of file +Abraham is Jacob's grandfather. Nahor is Laban's grandfather. The father of Abraham and Nahor is Terah. Not all of them worshipped Yahweh. + +# the Fear of his father Isaac + +Here the word "Fear" refers to Yahweh, who Isaac deeply respected and showed that respect by obeying him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/54.md b/gen/31/54.md index e7465f3bd4..c8d4c3051c 100644 --- a/gen/31/54.md +++ b/gen/31/54.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Verse 55 ## +# called his relatives to eat a meal -This verse is verse the first verse of chapter 32 in the original Hebrew text, but the last verse in most modern Bibles. We suggest that you follow the numbering of Bibles in your national language. \ No newline at end of file +Eating a meal together was part of making the covenant with one another. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Early in the morning ... returned home + +Verse 55 is the first verse of chapter 32 in the original Hebrew text, but the last verse of chapter 31 in most modern Bibles. We suggest that you follow the numbering of Bibles in your national language. + +# blessed + +This means expressing a desire for positive and beneficial things to happen to someone. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/31/intro.md b/gen/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..76457e3def --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Genesis 31 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's blessing ##### +When Jacob left Paddam Aram, he left very wealthy. Despite his punishment of exile from Canaan, God still blessed Jacob and his family. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +##### Household gods ##### +Although a few scholars believe the possession of the household gods was a sign of inheritance, this seems unlikely. It is probable that Rachel believed these idols would bring them "good luck" and would bring them great blessing. This was sinful because they were to trust in Yahweh, who already promised to bless them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Irony ##### +Laban's sons complained that Jacob cheated them out of their father's possessions. It was their father who tried to cheat Jacob out of what he promised to give Jacob. Jacob treated his brother Esau in the same way. Jacob cheated Esau out of their father's blessing. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/01.md b/gen/32/01.md index 51fb1d9e06..e8767ff463 100644 --- a/gen/32/01.md +++ b/gen/32/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Mahanaim ## +# Mahanaim -Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Mahanaim means 'two camps.'” \ No newline at end of file +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Mahanaim means 'two camps.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/03.md b/gen/32/03.md index 6f74d2f806..31ccc36ec3 100644 --- a/gen/32/03.md +++ b/gen/32/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## my master Esau ## +# Seir + +This is a mountainous area in the region of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# This is what you will say to my master Esau: This is what your servant Jacob says: 'I have been ... in your eyes.' + +This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "'This is what I want you to tell my master Esau. Tell him that I have been ... in his eyes.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# my master Esau Jacob is using polite language and refers to his brother as "my master." -## your servant Jacob ## +# your servant Jacob Jacob is using polite language and refers to himself as "your servant." -## donkey ## +# that I may find favor in your eyes -See how you translated this in [Genesis 12:14](../12/14.md). - -## sent to tell this ## - -The phrase "my messengers" is understood. Alternate translation: "sent my messengers to tell this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) - -## that I may find favor in your sight ## - -"that you may be pleased with me" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "find favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "that you may approve of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/06.md b/gen/32/06.md index 35514340f1..12a757ece6 100644 --- a/gen/32/06.md +++ b/gen/32/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## four hundred men ## +# four hundred men "400 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## upset ## +# afraid -"distressed" or "troubled" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others. + +# upset + +"distressed" or "troubled" + +# to one camp and attacks it, then the camp that is left will escape + +Here "camp" refers to the people. AT: "to attack the people in one camp, then the people in the other camp will escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/09.md b/gen/32/09.md index a31c780c02..bbd3c3511e 100644 --- a/gen/32/09.md +++ b/gen/32/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, Yahweh ## +# God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, Yahweh -This does not refer to different gods, but to the one God they all worship. Alternate translation: "O Yahweh, who is God of my father Abraham and my father Isaac." +This does not refer to different gods, but to the one God they all worship. AT: "Yahweh, who is God of my grandfather Abraham and my father Isaac" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and to your kindred ## +# Yahweh, who said to me, 'Return to your country and to your kindred, and I will prosper you,' -"and to your family" +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated an indirect quotation. AT: "Yahweh, you who said that I should return to my country and to my kindred, and that you would prosper me," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## I will prosper you ## +# to your kindred -“I will do good for you” or “I will treat you well.” +"to your family" -## I am not worthy of all your acts of covenant faithfulness and of all the trustworthiness that you have done for your servant ## +# I will prosper you -"I do not deserve for you to remain faithful to your covenant or for you to show loyalty to your servant." +"I will do good for you" or "I will treat you well" -## your servant ## +# I am not worthy of all your acts of covenant faithfulness and of all the trustworthiness that you have done for your servant -This is a polite way of saying "me." \ No newline at end of file +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be stated as "faithful" and "loyal." AT: "I do not deserve for you to remain faithful to your covenant or for you to be loyal to me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your servant + +This is a polite way of saying "me." + +# now I have become two camps + +Here the phrase "I have become" is an idiom meaning what he now possesses. AT: "and now I have enough people, flocks, and possessions with me to make two camps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/11.md b/gen/32/11.md index d0c177431a..5058fa909f 100644 --- a/gen/32/11.md +++ b/gen/32/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## rescue me ## +# rescue me "save me" -## from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau ## +# from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau -Here the word "hand" refers to power. The two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second clarifies that the brother whom Jacob intended was Esau. AT: "from the power of my brother, Esau" or "from my brother, Esau" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "hand" refers to power. The two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second clarifies that the brother whom Jacob intended was Esau. AT: "from the power of my brother, Esau" or "from my brother, Esau" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## I am afraid of him, that he will ## +# I am afraid of him, that he will "I am afraid that he will" -## make you prosper ## +# But you said, 'I will certainly make you prosper. I will make your descendants ... number.' -"do good to you" or "treat you well." +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated an an indirect quotation. AT: "But you said that you would certainly prosper me, and that you would make my descendants ... number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## I will make your descendants like the sand of the sea ## +# make you prosper -God compared Jacob's descendants to the grains of sand around the sea. This emphasizes the large number of descendants that God will give Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"do good to you" or "treat you well" -## which cannot be numbered for their number ## +# I will make your descendants like the sand of the sea -"which you cannot count because of their number" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks about the very large number of Jacob's descendants as if their number will be like the grains of sand on the seashore. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# which cannot be numbered for their number + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which no one can count because of their number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/13.md b/gen/32/13.md index af6aae6499..33a616c3e6 100644 --- a/gen/32/13.md +++ b/gen/32/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## two hundred ## +# two hundred "200" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## ewes ## +# twenty ... thirty ... forty ... ten -See how you translated this in [Genesis 31:38](../31/38.md). +"20 ... 30 ... 40 ... 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## twenty...thirty...forty ## +# their colts -"20...30...40" +"their young" -## and their colts ## +# These he gave these into the hand of his servants, every herd by itself -"and their young" +Here "into the hand" means to give control over them. AT: "He divided them into small herds, and gave each of his servants control over one herd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## donkeys ## +# put a space between each of the herds -See how you translated this in [Genesis 12:14](../12/14.md). \ No newline at end of file +"let each herd travel at a distance from the other herds" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/17.md b/gen/32/17.md index 16b87b3e4c..ae07d6c6fa 100644 --- a/gen/32/17.md +++ b/gen/32/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## He instructed ## +# He instructed "He commanded" -## To whom do you belong? ## +# asks you ... that are in front of you?' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "asks you who your master is, where you are going, and who owns these animals that are ahead of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# To whom do you belong? "Who is your master?" -## whose are these animals in front of you? ## +# Whose animals are these that are in front of you? -"who owns these animals in front of you?" +"Who owns these animals that are in front of you?" -## They are your servant Jacob's ## +# Then you will say, 'They are your servant Jacob's. They are a gift sent to my master Esau. See, he is also coming after us.' -"They belong to your servant Jacob" \ No newline at end of file +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Then I want you to tell him that all of these things belong to Jacob, his servant, and he his giving them to his master, Esau. And tell him that Jacob is on the way to meet him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# your servant Jacob's + +Jacob is referring to himself in a polite way as Esau's servant. + +# to my master Esau + +Jacob is referring to Esau is a polite way as his master. + +# coming after us + +Here "us" refers to the servant speaking and the other servants bringing herds to Esau. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/19.md b/gen/32/19.md index 9703a51691..9dae9e9f4e 100644 --- a/gen/32/19.md +++ b/gen/32/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## gave instructions to ## +# gave instructions to the second group -"commanded" +"commanded the second group" -## You will say also, 'Your servant Jacob ## +# You must also say, 'Your servant Jacob -possible meanings are 1) "You will say also, 'Your servant Jacob...' " or 2) "You will say, 'Also, Your servant Jacob...' " +Possible meanings are 1) "You will say also, 'Your servant Jacob'" or 2) "You will say, 'Also, Your servant Jacob.'" -## I will appease him ## +# I will appease him -"I will calm him down" or "I will make his anger go away" \ No newline at end of file +"I will calm him down" or "I will make his anger go away" + +# he will receive me + +"he will welcome me kindly" + +# So the gifts went on ahead of him + +Here "gifts" stands for the servants taking the gifts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He himself stayed + +Here "himself" emphasizes that Jacob did not go with the servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/22.md b/gen/32/22.md index 9ff5e3678f..28ea13e508 100644 --- a/gen/32/22.md +++ b/gen/32/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## his two servant women ## +# his two women servants -"his two servant wives" +"his two servant wives." This means Zilpah and Bilhah. -## ford ## +# ford a shallow place in a river that is easy to cross -## Jabbok ## +# Jabbok This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## all his possessions ## +# all his possessions "all that he had" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/24.md b/gen/32/24.md index 9e1f9a7566..b67e2d505b 100644 --- a/gen/32/24.md +++ b/gen/32/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## hip ## +# until daybreak -"thigh socket." This refers to the place where the upper leg bone connects to the hip. +"until dawn" -## Jacob's hip was dislocated as he wrestled with him ## +# hip -Alternate translation: "The man injured Jacob's hip as he wrestled with him" or "The man caused Jacob's thigh bone to pull away from the hip socket." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"thigh socket." This is the place where the upper leg bone connects to the hip. + +# Jacob's hip was dislocated as he wrestled with him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The man injured Jacob's hip as he wrestled with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the dawn is breaking + +"the sun will rise soon" + +# bless + +Here "bless" means to pronounce a formal blessing on someone and to cause good things to happen to that person. + +# I will not let you go unless you bless me + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Absolutely not! You must bless me first, then I will let you go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/27.md b/gen/32/27.md index b47419fd42..1947603bac 100644 --- a/gen/32/27.md +++ b/gen/32/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Israel ## +# Israel -Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Israel means 'He struggles with God.'" \ No newline at end of file +Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Israel means 'He struggles with God.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# with men + +Here "men" means "people" in general. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/29.md b/gen/32/29.md index 0ad09c8e2f..0b9b020cbb 100644 --- a/gen/32/29.md +++ b/gen/32/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## He said, "Why is it that you ask my name?" ## +# He said, "Why is it that you ask my name?" -"He said, 'Why would you ask about my name?'" This rhetorical question was meant to shock, rebuke and cause Jacob to ponder over what just happened between him and the other man he just wrestled with. Alternate Translation: "Do not ask me for my name." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"He said, 'Why would you ask about my name?'" This rhetorical question was meant to shock, rebuke and cause Jacob to ponder over what just happened between him and the other man he just wrestled with. AT: "Do not ask me for my name!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Peniel ## +# Peniel -Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Peniel means 'the face of God.'" +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Peniel means 'the face of God.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and my life is delivered ## +# face to face -"yet he spared my life" \ No newline at end of file +Being "face to face" means that two people are seeing each other in person, at a close distance. + +# and my life is delivered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "yet he spared my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/31.md b/gen/32/31.md index 917478a097..cafe846fcd 100644 --- a/gen/32/31.md +++ b/gen/32/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## That is why to this day ## +# That is why to this day This marks a change from the story to background information about the descendants of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## ligaments of the hip ## +# to this day + +This means to the day that the author was writing this. + +# ligaments of the hip This refers to the muscle that connects the thigh bone to the thigh socket. -## hip joint ## +# hip joint "thigh socket" -## while dislocating ## +# while dislocating "while striking" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/32/intro.md b/gen/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..adb85451af --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Genesis 32 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jacob does not trust Yahweh ##### +Jacob does not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he fears that his brother Esau could kill him and his family. He should have known that Yahweh would continue to bless him and protect his family. He should have trusted in Yahweh's covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]]) + +##### Name change ##### + +In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person's life. The return of Jacob to Canaan was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "A man wrestled with him" ##### +Scholars are divided over the identity of the person Jacob wrestled with. It was probably an angel, but some believe he wrestled with Jesus before he came to earth. The translator will probably have difficulty trying to keep ambiguity in identifying this individual because the word "man" usually indicates a normal, living person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/33/01.md b/gen/33/01.md index bf4c0a10b6..d4fb13ef8f 100644 --- a/gen/33/01.md +++ b/gen/33/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to a surprising new part of the story. +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to a surprising new part of the story. -## four hundred men ## +# four hundred men -"400 men" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]). +"400 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## female servants ## +# Jacob divided the children ... female servants -"servant wives." This refers to Bilhah and Zilpah. \ No newline at end of file +This does not mean Jacob divided the children evenly so that each woman had the same amount of children with her. Jacob divided the children so that each one went with his or her mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# female servants + +"servant wives." This refers to Bilhah and Zilpah. + +# He himself went on ahead of them + +Here "himself" emphasizes that Jacob went alone in front of the others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# He bowed + +Here the word "bow" means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/33/04.md b/gen/33/04.md index 235e9a1147..fc6067d8b0 100644 --- a/gen/33/04.md +++ b/gen/33/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## meet him ## +# meet him "meet Jacob" -## embraced him, hugged his neck, and kissed him ## +# embraced him, hugged his neck, and kissed him -This could be translated as a new sentence. "Esau put his arms around Jacob, hugged him, and kissed him." +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "Esau put his arms around Jacob, hugged him, and kissed him" -## they wept ## +# Then they wept -This can be translated more explicitly as "Then Esau and Jacob cried because they were happy to see each other again." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). +This can be translated more explicitly. AT: "Then Esau and Jacob cried because they were happy to see each other again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he saw the women and the children ## +# he saw the women and the children -"he saw women and children that were with Jacob" +"he saw the women and children who were with Jacob" -## The children whom God has graciously given your servant ## +# The children whom God has graciously given your servant -The phrase "your servant" is a polite way for Jacob to refer to himself. Alternate translation: "these are the children God has kindly given me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "your servant" is a polite way for Jacob to refer to himself. AT: "These are the children God has kindly given me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/33/06.md b/gen/33/06.md index b30c6a393d..16e7be77b8 100644 --- a/gen/33/06.md +++ b/gen/33/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## female servants ## +# female servants "servant wives." This refers to Bilhah and Zilpah. -## What do you mean by all these groups that I met? ## +# bowed down -The phrase "all these groups" refers to the groups of servants that Jacob sent to give gifts to Esau. "Why did you send all of those different groups to meet me?" +This is a sign of humility and respect before another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## To find favor in the sight of my master ## +# What do you mean by all these groups that I met? -The phrase "my master" is a polite way of referring to Esau. Alternate translation: "So that you would be pleased with me." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "all these groups" refers to the groups of servants that Jacob sent to give gifts to Esau. AT: "Why did you send all of those different groups to meet me?" + +# To find favor in the sight of my master + +The phrase "find favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "So that you, my master, would be pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my master + +The phrase "my master" is a polite way of referring to Esau. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/33/09.md b/gen/33/09.md index b7a84be72c..963180fd58 100644 --- a/gen/33/09.md +++ b/gen/33/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## I have enough ## +# I have enough -This can be made more explicit: "I have enough property." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). +The word "animals" or "property" is understood. AT: "I have enough animals" or "I have enough property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## if I have found favor in your sight ## +# if I have found favor in your eyes -"if you are pleased with me." Alternate translation: "since you are pleased with me." +The phrase "found favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "if you are pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my gift from my hand ## +# my gift from my hand -"this gift that I am giving to you" +Here "hand" refers to Jacob. AT: "this gift that I am giving to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## for indeed ## +# my hand, for indeed -This can be translated as a new sentence: "For certainly" +This can be translated as a new sentence: "my hand. For certainly" -## I have seen your face, and it is like seeing the face of God ## +# I have seen your face, and it is like seeing the face of God -Jacob compares Esau's face to God's face. The meaning of this is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) Jacob is happy that Esau has forgiven him like God has forgiven him or 2) Jacob is amazed to see his brothers again like he was amazed to see God or 3) Jacob is humbled to be in Esau's presence like he was humbled to be in God's presence. +The meaning of this simile is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) Jacob is happy that Esau has forgiven him like God has forgiven him or 2) Jacob is amazed to see his brother again like he was amazed to see God or 3) Jacob is humbled to be in Esau's presence like he was humbled to be in God's presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## God has dealt graciously with me ## +# I have seen your face + +Here "face" stands for Esau. It may be best to translate as "face" because of the importance of the word "face" here with "face of God" and "face to face" in [Genesis 32:30](../32/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# that was brought to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that my servants brought to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# God has dealt graciously with me "God has treated me very well" or "God has blessed me very much" -## Thus Jacob urged him, and Esau accepted it ## +# Thus Jacob urged him, and Esau accepted it It was customary to refuse a gift first, but then to accept the gift before the giver was offended. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/33/12.md b/gen/33/12.md index 5dfc0090d4..75449f83cb 100644 --- a/gen/33/12.md +++ b/gen/33/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## my lord ## +# My master knows -This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. Alternate translation: “you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. AT: "You, my master, know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## the children are young ## +# the children are young -"the children are too young to travel fast" +The meaning can be stated more explicitly. AT: "the children are too young to travel fast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the flocks and herds with me have their young ## +# If they are driven hard even one day -"the flocks and herds that are with me are nursing their young" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If we force them to go too fast even for one day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## overdrive them ## +# Please let my master go on ahead of his servant -"drive them too hard" +This is a polite and formal way of Jacob referring to himself. AT: "My lord, I am your servant. Please go ahead of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## his servant ## +# at the pace of the livestock that are before me -This is a polite and formal way of Jacob referring to himself. Alternate translation: "me." +"at the speed the animals I am looking after can go" -## at the pace of the cattle that are before me ## +# Seir -"at the speed the animals I am looking after can go" \ No newline at end of file +This is a mountainous area in the region of Edom. See how you translated this in [Genesis 32:3](../32/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/33/15.md b/gen/33/15.md index b2168bf552..6133dd4536 100644 --- a/gen/33/15.md +++ b/gen/33/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Why do that? ## +# Why do that? -Jacob uses a question to emphasize that Esau does not need to leave men. Alternate translation: "Don't do that" or "You don't need to do that." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jacob uses a question to emphasize that Esau does not need to leave men. AT: "Do not do that!" or "You do not need to do that!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## my lord ## +# my lord -This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. You can also translate it "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]). +This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. AT: "you, my lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]). -## Succoth ## +# Succoth -Translators may also add a footnote that says, “The name Succoth means 'shelters.'" +Translators may also add a footnote that says, "The name Succoth means 'shelters.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## for his livestock ## +# built himself a house + +It is implied that the house is also for his family. AT: "built a house for himself and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for his livestock "for the animals he looked after" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/33/18.md b/gen/33/18.md index 0fc6179f58..2b2983289b 100644 --- a/gen/33/18.md +++ b/gen/33/18.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## When Jacob came from Paddan-aram ## +# General Information: -aram** - "When" starts a new story line (episode) with Jacob after he rested in Succoth. +This starts a new part of the story. The author describes what Jacob did after he rested in Succoth. -## he camped near ## +# When Jacob came from Paddan Aram -"he set up his camp near" +"After Jacob left Paddan Aram" -## piece of ground ## +# When Jacob ... he arrived ... He camped + +This only mentions Jacob because he is the leader of the family. It is implied that his family was with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He camped near + +"He set up his camp near" + +# piece of ground "piece of land" -## Hamor ## +# Hamor This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shechem’s father ## +# Shechem's father Shechem is the name of a city and the name of a man. -## a hundred ## +# a hundred "100" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## El-Elohe-Israel ## +# El Elohe Israel -Elohe-Israel** - Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name El-Elohe-Israel means 'God, the God of Israel.'" \ No newline at end of file +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name El Elohe Israel means 'God, the God of Israel.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/33/intro.md b/gen/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..730bde8214 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Genesis 33 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jacob's fear ##### +Jacob feared his brother. He showed Esau great respect and sought to protect his family from Esau's power. He did not fear and trust Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +##### Favoritism ##### +Jacob showed favoritism towards Rachel and Joseph. He arranged the family according to those he loved the most. Rachel and Joseph were the most protected from a potential attack by Esau. He would have rather had everyone else die, in order to spare their lives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/01.md b/gen/34/01.md index f82088576d..f3c8b8f170 100644 --- a/gen/34/01.md +++ b/gen/34/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a new part of the story. +Here this word is used to mark a new part of the story. -## Dinah ## +# Dinah -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 30:19](../30/19.md). +This is the name of Leah's daughter. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 30:21](../30/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the Hivite ## +# the Hivite -See how you translated the similar word "Hivites" in [Genesis 10:15](../10/15.md). +This is the name of a people group. See how you translated the similar word "Hivites" in [Genesis 10:17](../10/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## forced himself on her ## +# the prince of the land -"had sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is referring to Hamor not Shechem. Also, "prince" here does not mean son of a king. It means Hamor was the leader of the people in that area. -## He was drawn to Dinah ## +# assaulted her, and slept with her -"He wanted to be with Dinah" or "He was very attracted to her" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Shechem raped Dinah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# He was drawn to Dinah + +"He was very attracted to her." This speaks about Shechem loving Dinah and wanting to be with her as if something were forcing him to come to Dinah. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He wanted very much to be with Dinah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# spoke tenderly to her + +This means he spoke affectionately to convince her that he loved her and that he wanted her to love him also. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/04.md b/gen/34/04.md index b443a106e4..444fceb07f 100644 --- a/gen/34/04.md +++ b/gen/34/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Now Jacob ## +# Now Jacob -"Now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +"Now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Jacob heard that he ## +# Jacob heard that he The word "he" refers to Shechem. -## he had defiled ## +# he had defiled -AT: "he had seized and slept with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him. -## held his peace ## +# held his peace -"kept silent" \ No newline at end of file +This is a way of saying that Jacob did not say or do anything about the matter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/06.md b/gen/34/06.md index 812f7ec895..e86734de07 100644 --- a/gen/34/06.md +++ b/gen/34/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Hamor…went out to Jacob ## +# Hamor ... went out to Jacob -"Hamor…went to meet Jacob" +"Hamor ... went to meet Jacob" -## The men were offended ## +# The men were offended "The men were outraged" -## he had disgraced Israel ## +# They were very angry ... should not have been done -Here the word "Israel" refers to every member of Jacob's family. Israel as a people group was disgraced. Alternate translation: "he had humiliated the family of Israel" or "he had brought shame on the people of Israel." +This can be stated as a direct quotation spoken by Jacob's son, as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## forcing himself on Jacob's daughter ## +# he had disgraced Israel -See how you translated similar phrases in [Genesis 34:1](./01.md) +Here the word "Israel" refers to every member of Jacob's family. Israel as a people group was disgraced. AT: "he had humiliated the family of Israel" or "he had brought shame on the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for such a thing should not have been done ## +# forcing himself on Jacob's daughter -Alternate translation: "for he should not have done such a terrible thing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"assaulting Jacob's daughter" + +# for such a thing should not have been done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for he should not have done such a terrible thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/08.md b/gen/34/08.md index 43673e965c..a59dee09e3 100644 --- a/gen/34/08.md +++ b/gen/34/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Hamor spoke with them ## +# Hamor spoke with them -"Hamor spoke with Jacob and his sons." +"Hamor spoke with Jacob and his sons" -## loves your daughter ## +# loves your daughter -Alternate translation: "loves her and wants to marry her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the word "love" refers to romantic love between a man and a woman. AT: "loves her and wants to marry her" -## give her to him as a wife ## +# give her to him as a wife In some cultures, the parents decide whom their children will marry. -## Intermarry with us ## +# Intermarry with us -"Allow marriages among your people and ours"; "to intermarry is to marry a member of a different racial, social, religious, or tribal group" \ No newline at end of file +To intermarry is to marry a member of a different racial, social, religious or tribal group. AT: "Allow marriages between your people and ours" + +# the land will be open to you + +"the land will be available to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/11.md b/gen/34/11.md index 85a30b151b..41552ec083 100644 --- a/gen/34/11.md +++ b/gen/34/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Shechem said to her father ## +# Shechem said to her father "Shechem said to Dinah's father Jacob" -## Let me find favor in your eyes ## +# Let me find favor in your eyes, and whatever you tell me I will give -"Let me find favor before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The phrase "find favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "If you will approve of me, then I will give you whatever you ask" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## bride price ## +# bride price In some cultures, it is customary for a man to give money, property, cattle, and other gifts to the bride's family at the time of marriage. -## The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father with deceit ## +# The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father with deceit -"But the sons of Jacob lied Shechem and Hamor when they answered them" +The abstract noun "deceit" can be stated as the verb "lied." AT: "But the sons of Jacob lied to Shechem and Hamor when they answered them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Shechem had defiled Dinah ## +# Shechem had defiled Dinah -See how you translated "defiled" in [Genesis 34:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file +This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him. See how you translated "defiled" in [Genesis 34:5](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/14.md b/gen/34/14.md index 67168a6d7f..2212137550 100644 --- a/gen/34/14.md +++ b/gen/34/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## They said to them ## +# They said to them "Jacob's sons said to Shechem and Hamor" -## We cannot do this thing, to give our sister ## +# We cannot do this thing, to give our sister "We cannot agree to give Dinah in marriage" -## for that would be a disgrace to us ## +# for that would be a disgrace to us -"for that would cause us shame" \ No newline at end of file +"for that would cause us shame." Here "us" refers to Jacob's sons and all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# give our daughters to you ... take your daughters to ourselves + +This means they will allow a person from Jacob's family to marry a person who lives in Hamor's land. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/18.md b/gen/34/18.md index 676fb2de9d..042d714236 100644 --- a/gen/34/18.md +++ b/gen/34/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Their words pleased Hamor and his son Shechem ## +# Their words pleased Hamor and his son Shechem "Hamor and his son Shechem agreed with what Jacob's sons said" -## to do the thing ## +# to do what they said "to become circumcised" -## Jacob's daughter ## +# Jacob's daughter "Jacob's daughter Dinah" -## and because he was the most honored person in all his father's household ## +# because he was the most honored person in all his father's household -This can be translated as a new sentence. Also the full meaning can be made explicit: "And Shechem knew all the men in his father's household would agree with him because he was the most honored among them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated as a new sentence. It can be made explicit that Shechem knew the other men would agree to be circumcised because they greatly respected him. AT: "Shechem knew all the men in his father's household would agree with him because he was the most honored among them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/20.md b/gen/34/20.md index f7b598c706..a720f02660 100644 --- a/gen/34/20.md +++ b/gen/34/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## These men ## +# the gate of their city + +It was common for leaders to meet at the city gate to make official decisions. + +# These men "Jacob, his sons, and the people of Israel" -## peace with us ## +# peace with us -"us" includes Hamor, his son and all the people they spoke with at the city gate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here "us" includes Hamor, his son and all the people they spoke with at the city gate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## let them live in the land and trade in it ## +# let them live in the land and trade in it "let them live and trade in the land" -## for, really, the land is large enough for them ## +# for, really, the land is large enough for them -Shechem uses the word "really" to add emphasis to his statement. Alternate translation: "because, certainly, the land is large enough" or "because, indeed, there is plenty of land for them to live here" +Shechem uses the word "really" to add emphasis to his statement. "because, certainly, the land is large enough for them" or "because, indeed, there is plenty of land for them" -## take their daughters...give them our daughters ## +# take their daughters ... give them our daughters -See how you translated similar phrases in [Genesis 34:8](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to marriages between the women of one group and the men of the other group. See how you translated similar phrases in [Genesis 34:9](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/22.md b/gen/34/22.md index 91a7845b46..1572e32767 100644 --- a/gen/34/22.md +++ b/gen/34/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Hamor and Shechem his son continue to talk to the city elders. -## Only on this condition...as they are circumcised ## +# Only on this condition will the men agree to live with us and become one people: If every male among us is circumcised, as they are circumcised "Only if every man among us is circumcised, as the men of Israel are circumcised, will they agree to live among us and unite with us as one people" -## Will not their livestock and their property - all their animals be ours? ## +# Will not their livestock and their property—all their animals be ours? -all their animals be ours?** - Shechem uses a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "All of their animals and property will be ours!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Shechem uses a question to emphasize that Jacob's livestock and property will belong to the people of Shechem. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "All of their animals and property will be ours." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/24.md b/gen/34/24.md index 6c3893176b..0b14ffc85d 100644 --- a/gen/34/24.md +++ b/gen/34/24.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Every male was circumcised ## +# Every male was circumcised -Alternate translation: "So Hamor and Shechem had someone circumcise all the men." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So Hamor and Shechem had someone circumcise all the men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## On the third day ## +# On the third day -"After two days" +"third" is the ordinal number for three. It can be stated without the ordinal number. AT: "After two days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## when they were very sore ## +# when they were still in pain -"when the men of the city were very sore" +"when the men of the city were still in pain" -## each man took his sword ## +# each took his sword "took their swords" -## went to the unsuspecting city ## +# they attacked the city -"entered the city where the people did not think the Israelites would harm them" +Here "city" stands for the people. AT: "they attacked the people of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and killed all the males ## +# security, and they killed all the males -This can be translated as a new sentence: "Simeon and Levi killed all the men of the city." +This can be translated as a new sentence. "security. Simeon and Levi killed all the men of the city" -## with the edge of the sword ## +# with the edge of the sword -"with their swords" \ No newline at end of file +Here "edge" stands for the blade of the sword. AT: "with the blade of their swords" or "with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/27.md b/gen/34/27.md index 7e60a4260d..29575d4e4b 100644 --- a/gen/34/27.md +++ b/gen/34/27.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## the dead bodies ## +# the dead bodies -"the dead bodies of Hamor, Shechem, and their people" +"the dead bodies of Hamor, Shechem, and their men" -## looted the city ## +# looted the city -"stole everything from the city" +"stole everything in the city that was valuable" -## because the people had defiled their sister" ## +# because the people had defiled their sister -Shechem alone had defiled Dinah, but Jacob's sons considered Shechem's entire family responsible for this act. See you your translated "defiled" in [Genesis 34:4](./04.md). +Shechem alone had defiled Dinah, but Jacob's sons considered Shechem's entire family and everyone in the city responsible for this act. -## They took their flocks ## +# had defiled + +This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him. See how you translated "defiled" in [Genesis 34:5](./04.md). + +# They took their flocks "Jacob's sons took the people's flocks" -## all their wealth ## +# all their wealth "all their possessions and money" -## All their children and their wives, they captured ## +# All their children and their wives, they captured -"They captured all the children and wives" \ No newline at end of file +"They captured all their children and wives" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/30.md b/gen/34/30.md index 6919ea2eb6..e1fa6b7045 100644 --- a/gen/34/30.md +++ b/gen/34/30.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## brought trouble on me ## +# brought trouble on me -"caused great difficulties for me" or "brought ruin on me" +Causing someone to experience trouble is spoken of as if trouble were an object that is brought and placed on a person. AT: "caused great problems for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to make me stink to the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites and the Perizzites ## +# to make me stink to the inhabitants of the land -This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: "You have made me repulsive to the Canaanites and the Perizzites." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Causing the people in the surrounding areas to hate Jacob is spoken of as if Jacob's sons made him smell bad physically. This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "You have made me repulsive to the people who live in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I am few in number ## +# I am few in number ... against me and attack me, then I will be destroyed, I and my household -Here the word "I" refers to all of Jacob's household. Jacob only says "I" since he is the leader. Alternate translation: "My household is small" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the words "I" and "me" refer to all of Jacob's household. Jacob only says "I" or "me" since he is the leader. AT: "My household is small ... against us and attack us, then they will destroy all of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## gather themselves against me ## +# gather themselves together against me and attack me -"form an army" +"form an army and attack me" or "form an army and attack us" -## then I shall be destroyed ## +# then I will be destroyed -Alternate translation: "they will destroy me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will destroy me" or "they will destroy us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Should Shechem have dealt with our sister as with a prostitute? ## +# Should Shechem have dealt with our sister as with a prostitute? -Simeon and Levi use a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "Shechem should not have treated our sister as if she were a prostitute!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Simeon and Levi use a question to emphasize that Shechem did what was wrong and deserved to die. AT: "Shechem should not have treated our sister as if she were a prostitute!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/34/intro.md b/gen/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ec3d743331 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 34 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel ##### +Jacob's name was changed to Israel. It is his descendants who inherited the promised blessings given to him and to Isaac and Abraham. This is the first time his descendants are collectively referred to as the people group Israel. The people group Israel is identified through the covenant of circumcision. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Implicit information ##### +Jacob's reacted to the rape of Dinah with indifference. This is possibly because she was not a daughter of Rachel. His reaction was both unwise and improper. This action brought shame on the whole family. Therefore, Jacob's sons corrected this wrong and plotted against Hamor and Shechem. + +Shechem raped Dinah, but then he said he loved her. By raping her, he ensured that no one else would want to marry her. This is not love. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/01.md b/gen/35/01.md index 01490ab22b..4fd40773cd 100644 --- a/gen/35/01.md +++ b/gen/35/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Put away the foreign gods that are among you ## +# go up to Bethel -"throw away your idols" or "get rid of your false gods" +The phrase "go up" is used because Bethel is higher in elevation than Shechem. -## purify yourselves, and change your clothes ## +# Build an altar there to God + +God speaks about himself in the third person. AT: "Build an altar there to me, your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# said to his household + +"said to his family" + +# Put away the foreign gods that are among you + +"Throw away your idols" or "Get rid of your false gods" + +# purify yourselves, and change your clothes This was the custom of cleansing oneself morally and physically before going to worship God. -## in the day of my distress ## +# change your clothes -"when I was in a difficult situation" or "when I was in trouble" \ No newline at end of file +Putting on a new clothes was a sign that they had made themselves clean before approaching God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# in the day of my distress + +"in the time of my distress" or "when I was in trouble" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/04.md b/gen/35/04.md index 2a5da39665..a3123ded74 100644 --- a/gen/35/04.md +++ b/gen/35/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## So they gave ## +# So they gave -"So everyone in Jacob's household" or "So all of his family and servants gave" +"so everyone in Jacob's household gave" or "so all of his family and servants gave" -## that were in their hand ## +# that were in their hand -"that were in their possession" or "that they had" +Here "in their hand" stands for what they own. AT: "that were in their possession" or "that they had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the rings that were in their ears ## +# the rings that were in their ears -"their earrings." (UDB) Possible meanings are 1) the gold in the earrings could have been used to make more idols or 2) they took these earrings from the city of Shechem after they attacked it and killed all the people. The earrings would have reminded them of their sin. +"their earrings." Possible meanings are 1) the gold in the earrings could have been used to make more idols or 2) they took these earrings from the city of Shechem after they attacked it and killed all the people. The earrings would have reminded them of their sin. -## God made panic to fall on the cities ## +# God made panic to fall on the cities -The people were afraid of Jacob, but God was the one who caused the people to fear Jacob. +God causing the people of the cities to be afraid of Jacob and his family is spoken of as if panic were an object that fell on the cities. The abstract noun "panic" can be stated as "afraid." AT: "God made the people in the surrounding cities afraid of Jacob and those with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the sons of Jacob ## +# on the cities -It is implied that no one attacked anyone in Jacob's family. But two of the sons, Simeon and Levi had attacked the Canaanites relatives of Shechem after he seized and slept with Jacob's daughter. Jacob was afraid they would seek revenge in [Genesis 34:30](../34/30.md). Alternate translation: "Jacob's family" or "Jacob's household." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "cities" stands for the people who live in the cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the sons of Jacob + +It is implied that no one attacked anyone in Jacob's family. But two of the sons, Simeon and Levi had attacked the Canaanites relatives of Shechem after he seized and slept with Jacob's daughter. Jacob was afraid they would seek revenge in [Genesis 34:30](../34/30.md). AT: "Jacob's family" or "Jacob's household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/06.md b/gen/35/06.md index c6e2d5a93c..41ad7ab01b 100644 --- a/gen/35/06.md +++ b/gen/35/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## El Bethel ## +# Luz -Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name El Bethel means 'God of Bethel.'" +This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Genesis 28:19](../28/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Deborah ## +# El Bethel + +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name El Bethel means 'God of Bethel.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# there God had revealed himself to him + +"there God made himself known to Jacob" + +# Deborah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Rebekah’s nurse ## +# Rebekah's nurse A nurse is a woman who takes care of another woman's child. The nurse was highly honored and important to the family. -## Allonbacuth ## +# She was buried down from Bethel -Translators may add a footnote that says:"The name Allonbacuth means 'Oak tree where there is weeping.'" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They buried her down from Bethel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# down from Bethel + +The phrase "down from" is used because they buried her in a place that was lower in elevation than Bethel. + +# Allon Bakuth + +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Allon Bakuth means 'Oak tree where there is weeping.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/09.md b/gen/35/09.md index f08b1ca930..36ee6a4775 100644 --- a/gen/35/09.md +++ b/gen/35/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## came from Paddanaram ## +# When Jacob came from Paddan Aram -See Genesis [Genesis 25:19](../25/19.md) for how you translated "paddanaram". +It can be made explicit that they were in Bethel. AT: "After Jacob left Paddan Aram, and while he was in Bethel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## but your name will no longer be called Jacob ## +# blessed -"but your name shall no longer be Jacob" \ No newline at end of file +Here "bless" means to pronounce a formal blessing on someone and to cause good things to happen to that person. + +# but your name will no longer be called Jacob + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but your name will no longer be Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/11.md b/gen/35/11.md index b748f70858..8000c0b5ed 100644 --- a/gen/35/11.md +++ b/gen/35/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## God said to him ## +# God said to him "God said to Jacob" -## Be fruitful and multiply ## +# Be fruitful and multiply -See how you translated these commands in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). +God told Jacob to produce children so that there would be many of them. The word "multiply" explains how he was to be "fruitful." See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:22](../01/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## A nation and a company of nations ## +# A nation and a company of nations will come from you -"Many nations" \ No newline at end of file +Here "nation" and "nations" refer to Jacob's descendants who will establish these nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God went up from him + +Here "went up" is used because where God dwells is typically thought of as being up or above the world. AT: "God left him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/14.md b/gen/35/14.md index 029f84c278..3e3656ad0c 100644 --- a/gen/35/14.md +++ b/gen/35/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## poured oil on it ## +# pillar -See how you translated this in [Genesis 28:18](../28/18.md). +This is a memorial pillar which was simply a large stone or boulder set up on its end. -## Bethel ## +# He poured out a drink offering over it and poured oil on it -Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Bethel means 'house of God.'” \ No newline at end of file +This is a sign that he is dedicating the pillar to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Bethel + +Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Bethel means 'house of God.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/16.md b/gen/35/16.md index d95f586c13..546cbea474 100644 --- a/gen/35/16.md +++ b/gen/35/16.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## She had hard labor ## +# Ephrath + +This is another name for the town of Bethlehem. + +# She had hard labor "She was having a very difficult time giving birth to the child" -## While she was in hardest labor ## +# While she was in hardest labor "When the labor pain was at its worst" -## midwife ## +# midwife a person who helps a woman when she is giving birth to a child -## As she was dying, with her dying breath ## +# As she was dying, with her dying breath -"Just before she died" +A "dying breath" is a person's last breath before he or she dies. AT: "Just before she died, as she was taking her last breath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Benoni ## +# Ben-Oni -Translator may add a footnote that says "The name Benoni means 'son of my sorrow.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Translator may add a footnote that says "The name Ben-Oni means 'son of my sorrow.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Benjamin ## +# Benjamin Translator may add a footnote that says "The name Benjamin means 'son of the right hand.'" The phrase "right hand" indicates a place of special favor. -## and was buried ## +# was buried -Alternate translation: "and they buried her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## it is the marker of Rachel’s grave to this day ## +# on the way -"and it marks Rachel's grave still to this day" \ No newline at end of file +"alongside the road" + +# It is the marker of Rachel's grave to this day + +"It marks Rachel's grave still to this day" + +# to this day + +"up to the present time." This means to the time that the author was writing this. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/21.md b/gen/35/21.md index 093551bb59..c7792622eb 100644 --- a/gen/35/21.md +++ b/gen/35/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Migdal-Eder ## +# Israel traveled on -Eder** - This refers to a tower or a tall building that shepherds would build to watch over their flocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +It is implied that Israel's family and servants are with him. The full meaning of this information can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Bilhah ## +# Bilhah -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:28](../29/28.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Now Jacob had twelve sons + +This sentence begins a new paragraph, which continues into the following verses. + +# twelve sons + +"12 sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/23.md b/gen/35/23.md index 6c6a3a31d1..8ee1b2da73 100644 --- a/gen/35/23.md +++ b/gen/35/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## twelve sons ## +# Bilhah -"12 sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## Bilhah ## - -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:28](../29/28.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/26.md b/gen/35/26.md index e48a1c01d1..9a7a3ebd62 100644 --- a/gen/35/26.md +++ b/gen/35/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Zilpah ## +# Zilpah -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:23](../29/23.md). +This is the name of Leah's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24](../29/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## who were born to him in Paddanaram ## +# who were born to him in Paddan Aram -It is implied that this does not include Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan near Bethlehem. It only mentions Paddanaram since that is where most of them were born. Alternate translation: "who were born to him in Paddanaram, except Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It is implied that this does not include Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan near Bethlehem. It only mentions Paddan Aram since that is where most of them were born. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "who were born to him in Paddan Aram, except Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Mamre ## +# Jacob came to Isaac -See how you translated this in [Genesis 13:16](../13/16.md). +Here "came" can be stated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## Kiriatharba ## +# Mamre -See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:1](../23/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this in [Genesis 13:18](../13/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kiriath Arba + +This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:02](../23/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/28.md b/gen/35/28.md index ee3736f0a5..29f29f7c9c 100644 --- a/gen/35/28.md +++ b/gen/35/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## one hundred eighty years ## +# one hundred eighty years "180 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Isaac breathed his last and died, and was gathered to his ancestors, an old man full of days ## +# Isaac breathed his last and died -See how you translated these phrases in [Genesis 25:7](../25/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +"Isaac took his last breath and died." The phrases "breathed his last" and "died" mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 25:08](../25/07.md). AT: "Isaac died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# breathed his last + +This is a polite way of saying a person died. See how you translated this in [Genesis 25:8](../25/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# was gathered to his ancestors + +This means that after Isaac died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he joined his family members who had already died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# an old man full of days + +The phrases "old man" and "full of days" mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that Isaac lived a very long time. AT: "after he had lived a very long time and was very old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/35/intro.md b/gen/35/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cd45f5e22b --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/35/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Genesis 35 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Name change ##### + +In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person's life. The return of Jacob to Canaan was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people. + +##### Covenant ##### +The covenant God made with Abraham is repeated here. It indicates that all of Jacob's descendants will inherit the promises of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/01.md b/gen/36/01.md index cffd6b7405..35bb75a869 100644 --- a/gen/36/01.md +++ b/gen/36/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## These were the descendants of Esau (also called Edom) ## +# These were the descendants of Esau (also called Edom) -"These are the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom." This sentence introduces the account of Esau's descendants in Genesis 36:1-8. Alternate translation: "This is an account of the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom." +"These are the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom." This sentence introduces the account of Esau's descendants in Genesis 36:1-8. AT: "This is an account of the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Adah...Oholibamah ## +# Adah ... Oholibamah These are names of Esau's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Elon the Hittite ## +# Elon the Hittite -See how you translate this in [Genesis 26:34](../26/34.md). +"Elon the descendant of Heth" or "Elon a descendant of Heth." This is the name of a man. See how you translate this in [Genesis 26:34](../26/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Anah ... Zibeon ... Nebaioth ## +# Anah ... Zibeon ... Nebaioth -These are names of men. +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hivite ## +# Hivite -This refers to a larger group of people. See how you translated it in [Genesis 10:15](../10/15.md). +This refers to a larger group of people. See how you translated it in [Genesis 10:17](../10/15.md). -## Basemath ## +# Basemath -See how you translated this in [Genesis 26:34](../26/34.md). +This is the name of one of Esau's wives. See how you translated this in [Genesis 26:34](../26/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Nebaioth ## +# Nebaioth -See how you translated this in [Genesis 28:8](../28/08.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of one of Ishmael's sons. See how you translated this in [Genesis 28:9](../28/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/04.md b/gen/36/04.md index 7b467c584c..c701a3298a 100644 --- a/gen/36/04.md +++ b/gen/36/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Adah ... Basemath ... Oholibamah ## +# Adah ... Basemath ... Oholibamah -See how you translated these in [Genesis 36:1](./01.md). +These are names of Esau's wives. See how you translated these in [Genesis 36:2-3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Eliphaz ... Reuel ... Jeush ... Jalam ...Korah ## +# Eliphaz ... Reuel ... Jeush ... Jalam ... Korah These are names of Esau's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/06.md b/gen/36/06.md index 355db8bea9..cab7e9f8e1 100644 --- a/gen/36/06.md +++ b/gen/36/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## their possessions ## +# which he had gathered in the land of Canaan + +This refers to all of the things that he had accumulated while living in the land of Canaan. AT: "which he had accumulated while living in the land of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# went into a land + +This means to moved to another place and live there. AT: "went to live in another land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# their possessions "Esau's and Jacob's possessions" -## could not support them because of their livestock ## +# could not support them because of their livestock -"was not big enough for both Esau's flocks and Jacob's flocks." \ No newline at end of file +The land was not large enough to support all of the livestock that Jacob and Esau owned. AT: "was not big enough to support all of their livestock" or "was not big enough for both Esau's flocks and Jacob's flocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# where they had settled + +The word "settled" means to move somewhere and live there. AT: "where they had moved to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/09.md b/gen/36/09.md index fc31c071b2..8896abbc55 100644 --- a/gen/36/09.md +++ b/gen/36/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Following were the descendants of Esau ## +# These were the descendants of Esau -This sentence introduces the account of Esau's descendants in Genesis 36:9-43. Alternate translation: "This is an account of the descendants of Esau." +This sentence introduces the account of Esau's descendants in Genesis 36:9-43. AT: "This is an account of the descendants of Esau" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Eliphaz...Reuel ## +# in the hill country of Seir -See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:4](./04.md). +This means that they lived in the hill country of Seir. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. AT: "who lived in the hill country of Seir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Adah...Basemath ## +# Eliphaz ... Reuel -See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:1](./01.md). +These are names of Esau's sons. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz...Amalek ## +# Adah ... Basemath + +These are names of Esau's wives. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:2-3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz ... Amalek These are names of the sons of Eliphaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Timna ## +# Timna -This is the name of Eliphaz's concubine. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of Eliphaz's concubine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/13.md b/gen/36/13.md index 8e0a6ae1ce..63ed1b6e3b 100644 --- a/gen/36/13.md +++ b/gen/36/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Reuel ... Jeush, Jalam, and Korah ## +# Reuel ... Jeush, Jalam, and Korah -See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:4](./04.md). +These are names of Esau's sons. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:4-5](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Nahath ... Zerah ... Shammah ... Mizzah ... Zibeon ## +# Nahath ... Zerah ... Shammah ... Mizzah -These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of Reuel's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Basemath ... Oholibamah ... Anah ## +# Anah ... Zibeon -See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Basemath ... Oholibamah + +These are names of Esau's wives. See how you translated these in [Genesis 36:2-3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/15.md b/gen/36/15.md index 034c05b39b..670b31f036 100644 --- a/gen/36/15.md +++ b/gen/36/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Eliphaz...Adah ## +# Eliphaz -See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:4](./04.md) +This is the name of one of Esau's sons. See how you translated his name in [Genesis 36:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz, Korah, Gatam, and Amalek ## +# Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz, Korah, Gatam, and Amalek -These are names of clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of Eliphaz's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Adah + +This is the name of one of Esau's wives. See how you translated her name in [Genesis 36:2-3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/17.md b/gen/36/17.md index 7db0ea73c6..810d26b56a 100644 --- a/gen/36/17.md +++ b/gen/36/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Reuel...Jeush, Jalam, Korah ## +# Reuel ... Jeush, Jalam, Korah -See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:4](./04.md). +These are the names of Esau's sons. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:4-5](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, Mizzah ## +# Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, Mizzah -See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:13](./13.md). +These are the names of Reuel's sons. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Basemath...Oholibamah...Anah ## +# in the land of Edom -See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +This means that they lived in the land of Edom. AT: "who lived in the land of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Basemath ... Oholibamah + +These are the names of Esau's wives. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:2-3](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anah + +This the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/20.md b/gen/36/20.md index f976bcf8bb..a883163b53 100644 --- a/gen/36/20.md +++ b/gen/36/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Seir ## +# Seir The word "Seir" is the name of a man and of a country. -## the Horite ## +# the Horite -The word "Horite" refers to a people group. See how you translated it in [Genesis 14:3](../14/03.md). +The word "Horite" refers to a people group. See how you translated it in [Genesis 14:6](../14/03.md). -## the inhabitants of the land ## +# the inhabitants of the land "who lived in the land of Seir, which is also called Edom" -## Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, Dishon, Ezer, Dishan, Hori and Heman ## +# Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan ... Hori and Heman These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Timna ## +# Timna -This is the name of a woman. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/23.md b/gen/36/23.md index 76d31b8dd7..b1de92a3af 100644 --- a/gen/36/23.md +++ b/gen/36/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Shobal…Zibeon ## +# Shobal ... Zibeon -See how you translated these name in [Genesis 36:20](./20.md). +These are names of men. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:20](./20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Alvan, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho, Onam…Aiah, and Anah ## +# Alvan, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho, and Onam ... Aiah and Anah -These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## donkeys ## - -See how you translated this in [Genesis 12:14](../12/14.md). \ No newline at end of file +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/25.md b/gen/36/25.md index 3db15a9f73..f0b5f44360 100644 --- a/gen/36/25.md +++ b/gen/36/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Anah...Dishon...Ezer...Dishan ## +# Anah ... Dishon ... Ezer ... Dishan -See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:20](./20.md). In 36:25 "Dishon" refers to the son of Anah. In 36:26 "Dishon" refers to the son of Seir. +These are names of men. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:20-21](./20.md). -## Oholibamah ## +# Oholibamah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, and Cheran...Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan...Uz, and Aran ## +# Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, and Keran ... Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan ... Uz and Aran -These are names of men. \ No newline at end of file +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/29.md b/gen/36/29.md index 1e79b21523..b090620cc8 100644 --- a/gen/36/29.md +++ b/gen/36/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the Horites ## +# the Horites -See how you translated this in [Genesis 14:3](../14/03.md). +This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Genesis 14:6](../14/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, and Anah, Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan ## +# Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, and Anah, Dishon, Ezer, Dishan -See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:20](./20.md). \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:20-21](./20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the land of Seir + +This means that they lived in the land of Seir. AT: "of those who lived in the land of Seir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/31.md b/gen/36/31.md index d5fde16dca..56388c5531 100644 --- a/gen/36/31.md +++ b/gen/36/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Bela...Beor...Jobab...Zerah ## +# Bela ... Beor ... Jobab ... Zerah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Dinhabab...Bozrah ## +# the name of his city -These are names of places. \ No newline at end of file +This means that this was the city where he lived. AT: "the name of the city where he lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Dinhabah ... Bozrah + +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/34.md b/gen/36/34.md index 5dc779668c..b67e8fe97b 100644 --- a/gen/36/34.md +++ b/gen/36/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Jobab ## +# Jobab -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:31](./31.md). +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:33](./31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Husham...Hadad...Bedad...Samlah ## +# Husham ... Hadad ... Bedad ... Samlah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Avith...Masrekah ## +# Husham who was of the land of the Temanites -These are names of places. +This means that Husham lived in the land of the Temanites. AT: "Husham who lived in the land of the Temanites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Temanites ## +# Avith ... Masrekah -"the descendants of Teman" \ No newline at end of file +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Temanites + +"the descendants of Teman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The name of his city + +This means that this was the city where he lived. AT: "The name of the city where he lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Samlah of Masrekah + +"Samlah from Masrekah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/37.md b/gen/36/37.md index 18f12ef07b..50e87a6591 100644 --- a/gen/36/37.md +++ b/gen/36/37.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Samlah ## +# Samlah -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:34](./34.md). +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:36](./34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shaul...Baal-Hanan...Achbor...Hadar...Matred...Me-Zahab ## +# then Shaul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his place -Hanan...Achbor...Hadar...Matred...Me-Zahab** - These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Shaul lived in Rehoboth. Rehoboth was by the Euphrates river. This information may be stated clearly. AT: "then Shaul reigned in his place. He was from Rehoboth which is by the Euphrates River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Rehoboth...Pau ## +# Shaul ... Baal-Hanan ... Akbor ... Hadar ... Matred ... Me Zahab -These are names of places. +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## by the River ## +# Rehoboth ... Pau -This refers to the Euphrates river. +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Mehetabel ## +# The name of his city -This is the name of a woman. \ No newline at end of file +This means that this was the city where he lived. AT: "The name of the city where he lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the daughter of Matred, the granddaughter of Me Zahab + +"she was the daughter of Matred, and the granddaughter of Me Zahab" + +# Mehetabel + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/40.md b/gen/36/40.md index c1cc4f830b..0212571ab6 100644 --- a/gen/36/40.md +++ b/gen/36/40.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Timna, Alvah, Jetheth, Oholibamah, Elah, Pinon, Kenaz, Teman, Mibzar, Magdiel, and Iram ## +# the heads of clans -These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the leaders of the clans" + +# according to their clans and their regions, by their names + +The clans and the regions were named after the heads of the clans. See the UDB for a clearer translation. AT: "the name of their clans and the regions where they lived were named after them. These are their names:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Timna, Alvah, Jetheth, Oholibamah, Elah, Pinon, Kenaz, Teman, Mibzar, Magdiel, and Iram + +These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# settlements + +"dwelling places" or "the places they lived" + +# This was Esau + +This list is said "to be" Esau, which means that it is the whole list of his descendants. AT: "This is the list of the descendants of Esau" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/36/intro.md b/gen/36/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..efaaeecd99 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/36/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Genesis 36 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Esau's descendants ##### +Esau's descendants became known as the Edomite people group. They also become a great nation. This nation is prominent in the rest of the Old Testament. God graciously blessed Esau and he had many descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../35/intro.md) | [>>](../37/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/01.md b/gen/37/01.md index e86182a739..a1ff54359a 100644 --- a/gen/37/01.md +++ b/gen/37/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## the land where his father was staying, in the land of Canaan ## +# the land where his father was staying, in the land of Canaan "in the land of Canaan where his father had lived" -## This is the events concerning of Jacob ## +# These were the events concerning Jacob -This sentence introduces the account of Jacob's children in Genesis 37:1-50:26. Alternate translation: "This is the account of Jacob's family" +This sentence introduces the account of Jacob's children in Genesis 37:1-50:26. Here "Jacob" refers to his whole family. AT: "This is the account of Jacob's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## seventeen years old ## +# seventeen years old "17 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Bilhah ## +# Bilhah -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:28](../29/28.md). +This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Zilpah ## +# Zilpah -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:23](../29/23.md). +This is the name of Leah's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24](../29/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## wives ## +# wives -"concubines" (UDB) +"concubines." These women were servants of Leah and Rachel given to Jacob to produce children. -## an unfavorable report about them ## +# an unfavorable report about them "a bad report about his brothers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/03.md b/gen/37/03.md index b13cbf1b8c..1592256358 100644 --- a/gen/37/03.md +++ b/gen/37/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Now ## +# Now This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Israel and Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## he was the son of his old age ## +# loved -"Joseph was born when Israel was old" +This refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives. -## His brothers saw that their father loved him ## +# of his old age -"Joseph's brothers saw that their father loved Joseph" +This means that Joseph was born when Israel was an old man. AT: "who was born when Israel was an old man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## would not speak cordially to him ## +# He made him -"could not speak in a kind manner to him" \ No newline at end of file +"Israel made Joseph" + +# a beautiful garment + +"a beautiful robe" + +# would not speak kindly to him + +"could not speak in a courteous manner to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/05.md b/gen/37/05.md index 45dbabd4d7..c60b57a4c8 100644 --- a/gen/37/05.md +++ b/gen/37/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Joseph dreamed a dream, and he told his brothers about it. They hated him even more ## +# Joseph dreamed a dream, and he told his brothers about it. They hated him even more This is a summary of the events that will happen in 37:6-11. -## They hated him even more ## +# They hated him even more "And Joseph's brothers hated him even more than they hated him before" -## Please listen to this dream which I dreamed ## +# Please listen to this dream which I dreamed "Please listen to this dream that I had" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/07.md b/gen/37/07.md index d1b6329cd8..c53df06a5c 100644 --- a/gen/37/07.md +++ b/gen/37/07.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Joseph tells his brothers about his dream. -## Behold, we were ## +# Behold -Here, the word "behold" can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” The word "we" refers to Joseph and includes all of his brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## tying bundles of grain ## +# we were -When grain is reaped it is tied into bundles and stacked until it is time to separate the grain from the straw. Alternate translation: "tying bundles of wheat." +The word "we" refers to Joseph and includes all of his brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## and behold, my bundle rose and stood upright, and behold, your bundles came around and bowed down to my bundle. ## +# tying bundles of grain -The word “behold” here shows that Joseph was surprised by what he saw in his dream. Alternate translation: "then suddenly, my bundle stood up and your bundles gathered around and bowed down to my bundle." +When grain is reaped it is tied into bundles and stacked until it is time to separate the grain from the straw. -## Will you really reign over us? Will you actually rule over us? ## +# behold -Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Joseph's brothers are using questions to mock Joseph. Alternate translation: "You will never be our king, and we will never bow down to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here the word "behold" here shows that Joseph was surprised by what he saw. -## reign over us ## +# my bundle rose and stood upright ... your bundles came around and bowed down + +Here the bundles of grain are standing and kneeling as if they were people. These bundle represent Joseph and his brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Will you really reign over us? Will you actually rule over us? + +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Joseph's brothers are using questions to mock Joseph. They can be written as statements. AT: "You will never be our king, and we will never bow down to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# reign over us The word "us" refers to Joseph's brothers but not Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## for his dreams and for his words ## +# for his dreams and for his words "because of his dreams and what he said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/09.md b/gen/37/09.md index b07d7e0217..804c848e12 100644 --- a/gen/37/09.md +++ b/gen/37/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## He dreamed another dream ## +# He dreamed another dream "Joseph had another dream" -## eleven stars ## +# eleven stars "11 stars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## His father rebuked him. He said to him ## +# his father rebuked him. He said to him "Israel scolded him, saying" -## What is this dream that you have dreamed? Will your mother and I and your brothers actually come to bow down to the ground to you? ## +# What is this dream that you have dreamed? Will your mother ... to the ground to you? -Israel uses questions to correct Joseph. Alternate translation: "This dream you had is not real. Your mother, brothers, and I will not bow down before you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Israel uses questions to correct Joseph. This can be written as statements. AT: "This dream you had is not real. Your mother, brothers, and I will not bow down before you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# jealous + +This means being angry because someone else is successful or more popular. + +# kept the matter in mind + +The means that he kept thinking about the meaning of Joseph's dream. AT: "kept thinking about what the dream might mean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/12.md b/gen/37/12.md index dba22b9da4..65e40fa072 100644 --- a/gen/37/12.md +++ b/gen/37/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Are not your brothers tending the flock in Shechem? ## +# Are not your brothers tending the flock in Shechem? -Jacob uses a question to introduce a new topic. Alternate translation: "You brothers are tending the flock in Shechem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Israel uses a question to begin a conversation. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You brothers are tending the flock in Shechem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I am ready ## +# Come -"I am ready to go" +Here it is implied that Israel is asking Joseph to prepare himself to leave and go see his brothers. AT: "Get ready" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## bring me word ## +# I am ready -"come tell me what you find out" or "bring me a report" \ No newline at end of file +He is ready to leave. "I am ready to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He said to him + +"Israel said to Joseph" + +# bring me word + +Israel wants Joseph to come back and tell him about how his brother and flocks are doing. AT: "come tell me what you find out" or "give me a report" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# out of the Valley + +"from the Valley" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/15.md b/gen/37/15.md index 88b748b254..82bbbaa7a8 100644 --- a/gen/37/15.md +++ b/gen/37/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## A certain man found Joseph. Behold, Joseph was wandering in a field ## +# A certain man found Joseph. Behold, Joseph was wandering in a field -"A certain man found Joseph, and there he was wandering in a field" or "A man found Joseph wandering in a field" +"A certain man found Joseph wandering in a field" -## Behold ## +# Behold -This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this. +This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## What do you seek? ## +# What do you seek? "What are you looking for?" -## Tell me, please, where ## +# Tell me, please, where "Please tell me where" -## tending the flock ## +# tending the flock -"shepherding the flock" +"shepherding their flock" -## Dothan ## +# Dothan This is the name of a place that is about 22 kilometers from Shechem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/18.md b/gen/37/18.md index 361132d3da..01035a9011 100644 --- a/gen/37/18.md +++ b/gen/37/18.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## They saw him from a distance ## +# They saw him from a distance "Joseph's brothers saw him while he was far away" -## they plotted against him to kill him ## +# they plotted against him to kill him -"they made a plan to kill him" +"they made plans to kill him" -## this dreamer is approaching ## +# this dreamer is approaching "here comes the one who has the dreams" -## Come now, therefore, ## +# Come now, therefore -"So now" +This wording shows that the brothers acted upon their plans. AT: "So now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## wild animal ## +# wild animal "dangerous animal" or "ferocious animal" -## has devoured him ## +# devoured -"has eaten him" +to eagerly have eaten -## We will see what will become of his dreams ## +# We will see what will become of his dreams -Alternate translation: "That way we will make sure his dreams do not come true." \ No newline at end of file +His brothers planned to kill him, therefore it is ironic that they would speak of his dream coming true, since he would be dead. AT: "That way we will make sure his dreams do not come true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/21.md b/gen/37/21.md index 5bdee66c64..c65b4309aa 100644 --- a/gen/37/21.md +++ b/gen/37/21.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## heard it ## +# heard it -"heard their plans" +"heard what they were saying" -## and rescued him from their hand ## +# from their hand -"and tried to rescue Joseph from their control" or "and tried to rescue Joseph from them" +The phrase "their hand" refers to the brothers' plan to kill him. AT: "from them" or "from their plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Let us not take his life ## +# Let us not take his life -"Let us not kill Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +The phrase "take his life" is a euphemism for killing someone. AT: "Let us not kill Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## Shed no blood ## +# Shed no blood -"Do not spill any blood" or "Do not kill him" +The negation can be placed on the verb. Also, "shedding blood" is a euphemism for killing someone. AT: "Do not spill any blood" or "Do not kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## but lay no hand upon him ## +# lay no hand upon him -"but do not harm him" +This means not to harm or injure him. AT: "do not harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## that he might rescue him ## +# that he might rescue him -This could be translated as a new sentence: "Rueben said this so that he might rescue Joseph" +This can be translated as a new sentence: "Rueben said this so that he might rescue Joseph" -## out of their hand ## +# out of their hand -"from his brother's control" or "from them" +The phrase "their hand" refers to the brothers' plan to kill him. AT: "from them" or "from their plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to bring him back ## +# to bring him back -"so that Reuben might return Joseph" \ No newline at end of file +"and return him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/23.md b/gen/37/23.md index 15e43b6b1d..ca410b1424 100644 --- a/gen/37/23.md +++ b/gen/37/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## It came about that when ## +# It came about that when -This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. Alternate translation: "When." +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## they stripped him of his beautiful garment ## +# they stripped him of his beautiful garment -"they stripped off his beautiful garment" or "they tore his beautiful garment from him" +"they tore his beautiful garment off of him" -## beautiful garment ## +# beautiful garment -See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 37:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +"beautiful robe." See how you translated this in [Genesis 37:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/25.md b/gen/37/25.md index ba0a7dd493..0cf2405292 100644 --- a/gen/37/25.md +++ b/gen/37/25.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## They sat down to eat bread ## +# They sat down to eat bread -"Joseph's brothers sat down to eat" +"Bread" represents food in general. AT: "They sat down to eat food" or "Joseph's brothers sat down to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## They lifted up their eyes and looked, and behold, a caravan ## +# They lifted up their eyes and looked, and, behold, a caravan -The word "behold" marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this. Alternate translation: "They looked up and they saw that a caravan." +Here looking up is spoken of as if a person literally lifted up his eyes. Also, the word "behold" is used here to draw the reader's attention to what the men saw. AT: "They looked up and they suddenly saw a caravan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## their camels bearing ## +# bearing -"their camels carrying" +"carrying" -## spices ## +# spices -a substance used in cooking to add flavor to food. Alternate translation: "seasonings." +"seasonings" -## balm ## +# balm -an oily substance with a sweet smell used for healing and protecting skin. Alternate translation: "medicine." +an oily substance with a sweet smell used for healing and protecting skin. "medicine" -## traveling to carry them down to Egypt ## +# traveling to carry them down to Egypt -"bringing them down to Egypt." This can be made more explicit: "bringing them down to Egypt to sell them." ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"bringing them down to Egypt." This can be made more explicit. AT: "bringing them down to Egypt to sell them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## What profit is it if we kill our brother and cover up his blood? ## +# What profit is it if we kill our brother and cover up his blood? -Judah uses this question to emphasize they could make money if they sell Joseph. Alternate translation: "We would gain nothing by killing our brother and lying about it" or "Instead of killing our brother and lying about it, I have a better idea." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). \ No newline at end of file +This can be written as a statement. AT: "We do not gain a profit by killing our brother and covering up his blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# cover up his blood + +This is a figure of speech referring to hiding Joseph's death. AT: "hide his murder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/27.md b/gen/37/27.md index 3f0b6574f6..52eccc433f 100644 --- a/gen/37/27.md +++ b/gen/37/27.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## lay our hands on him ## +# to the Ishmaelites -"hurt him" +"to these men who are descendants of Ishmael" -## he is our brother, our flesh ## +# not lay our hands upon him -These phrases mean basically the same thing. Judah emphasizes the family relationship between Joseph and the other brothers. AT: "he is our blood relative" or "he is our very own brother" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]). +This means not to harm or injure him. AT: "not hurt him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## His brothers listened to him ## +# he is our brother, our flesh + +The word "flesh" is a metonym that stands for a relative. AT: "he is our blood relative" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# His brothers listened to him "Judah's brothers listened to him" or "Judah's brothers agreed with him" -## Midianite...Ishmaelites ## +# Midianite ... Ishmaelites Both names refer to the same group of traders that Joseph's brothers meet. -## for twenty pieces of silver ## +# for twenty pieces of silver -"for the price of twenty pieces of silver" +"for the price of 20 pieces of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## carried Joseph into ## +# carried Joseph into Egypt -"brought Joseph to" \ No newline at end of file +"took Joseph to Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/29.md b/gen/37/29.md index cd31aba9cf..3dec80e122 100644 --- a/gen/37/29.md +++ b/gen/37/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Reuben returned to the pit, and, behold, Joseph was not in the pit ## +# Reuben returned to the pit, and, behold, Joseph was not in the pit -The word “behold” here shows that Reuben was surprised to find out Joseph was gone. Alternate translation: "Reuben returned to the pit, and was surprised to see that Joseph was not there." +"Reuben returned to the pit, and was surprised to see that Joseph was not there." The word "behold" here shows that Reuben was surprised to find out Joseph was gone. -## He tore his clothes ## +# He tore his clothes -This is an act of deep distress or grief. +This is an act of deep distress and grief. This can be written more clearly. AT: "He was so grieved that he tore his clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Where is the boy? And I, where will I go? ## +# The boy is not there! And I, where can I go? -Reuben uses questions for emphasis. Alternate translation: "The boy is gone! I cannot go back home now!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Reuben uses questions for emphasis the problem that Joseph was missing. These can be written as statements. AT: "The boy is gone! I cannot go back home now!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/31.md b/gen/37/31.md index f6431c58b9..0a37843c4f 100644 --- a/gen/37/31.md +++ b/gen/37/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Joseph’s garment ## +# Joseph's garment -See how you translated the similar phrase in [Genesis 37:3](./03.md). +This refers to the beautiful garment that his father made for him. -## has devoured him ## +# the blood + +"the goat's blood" + +# they brought it + +"they brought the garment" + +# has devoured him "has eaten him" -## Joseph has certainly been torn to pieces ## +# Joseph has certainly been torn to pieces -Alternate translation: "A wild animal has certainly torn Joseph to pieces." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jacob thinks that a wild animal has torn Joseph's body apart. AT: "It has certainly torn Joseph to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/34.md b/gen/37/34.md index e3e1769d27..43b5efd44d 100644 --- a/gen/37/34.md +++ b/gen/37/34.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Jacob tore his garments ## +# Jacob tore his garments -See how you translated the similar phrase in [Genesis 37:29](./29.md). +This is an act of deep distress and grief. This can be written more clearly. AT: "Jacob was so grieved that he tore his garments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## put sackcloth upon his loins ## +# put sackcloth upon his loins -Here "loins" refers to the middle part of the body or the waist. Alternate translation: "put on sackcloth." +Here "loins" refers to the middle part of the body or the waist. AT: "put on sackcloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## but he refused to be comforted ## +# rose up -Alternate translation: "but he would not let them comfort him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here the childrens' coming to their father is spoke of as "rising up." AT: "came to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Sheol ## +# but he refused to be comforted -"the grave" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but he would not let them comfort him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The Midianites sold him ## +# Indeed I will go down to Sheol mourning + +The means that he be mourning from now until when he dies. AT: "Indeed when I die and go down to Sheol I will still be mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The Midianites sold him "The Midianites sold Joseph" -## the captain of the bodyguard ## +# the captain of the bodyguard "the leader of the soldiers who guarded the king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/37/intro.md b/gen/37/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f88ebf356b --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/37/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 37 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins to record the account of Jacob's sons. The rest of the book of Genesis focuses on Jacob's sons, especially Joseph. This chapter also references Jacob as "Israel" beginning in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Favoritism ##### +Jacob's favoritism became a great problem for his sons. They are always jealous of Joseph because he is the favorite son. The beautiful garment Jacob gave to Joseph greatly strained the relationship between Joseph and his brothers. Joseph dreams he will rule all of his brothers, even though he is not the oldest son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]) + +##### God's power ##### +The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 37:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../36/intro.md) | [>>](../38/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/01.md b/gen/38/01.md index fd02a745e9..574eb892dd 100644 --- a/gen/38/01.md +++ b/gen/38/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## It came about at that time that Judah ## +# It came about at that time that Judah -This introduces a new part of the story that focuses on Judah in 38:1-30. Alternate translation: "Soon after, Judah" or "At that time, Judah" (UDB) +This introduces a new part of the story that focuses on Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah ## +# a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah -"a man named Hirah in the town of Adullam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Hirah is the name of a man who lived in Adullam. Adullamite is his nationality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## whose name was Shua ## +# whose name was Shua -"Shua is a canaanite woman who married Judah. \ No newline at end of file +Shua is a Canaanite woman who married Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/03.md b/gen/38/03.md index 43adc64fa5..d276a8d2c4 100644 --- a/gen/38/03.md +++ b/gen/38/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## She became pregnant ## +# She became pregnant "Judah's wife became pregnant" -## Er...Onan...Shelah ## +# He was named Er + +This can be written in active form. AT: "His father named him Er" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Er ... Onan ... Shelah These are the names of Judah's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Chezib ## +# called his name -This is the name of a place. +"named him" -## that she delivered him ## +# Kezib -"that she gave birth to him" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/06.md b/gen/38/06.md index 732167df06..ebc7280e9b 100644 --- a/gen/38/06.md +++ b/gen/38/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Er ## +# Er -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:3](./03.md). +This is the name of one of Judah's sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## was wicked ## +# was wicked in the sight of Yahweh -"was evil" +The phrase "in the sight" refers to Yahweh seeing Er's wickedness. AT: "was wicked and Yahweh saw it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Yahweh killed him ## +# Yahweh killed him -"So Yahweh killed him" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh killed him because he was wicked. This can be made clear. AT: "So Yahweh killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/08.md b/gen/38/08.md index f38bf22e4e..908d5f381d 100644 --- a/gen/38/08.md +++ b/gen/38/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Onan ## +# Onan -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:3](./03.md). +This is the name of one of Judah's sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:4](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Do the duty of a brother-in-law to her ## +# Do the duty of a brother-in-law to her -in-law to her** - This refers to a custom that when the oldest brother dies before he and his wife have a son, the next oldest brother would marry and have sex with the widow. When the widow gave birth to the first son, that son was considered the son of the oldest brother and he would receive the oldest brother's inheritance. +This refers to a custom that when the oldest brother dies before he and his wife have a son, the next oldest brother would marry and have sexual relations with the widow. When the widow gave birth to the first son, that son was considered the son of the oldest brother and he would receive the oldest brother's inheritance. -## Yahweh killed him also ## +# was evil in the sight of Yahweh -"So Yahweh killed him also" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "in the sight" refers to Yahweh seeing Onan's wickedness. AT: "was evil and Yahweh saw it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh killed him also + +Yahweh killed him because what he did was evil. This can be made clear. AT: "So Yahweh killed him also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/11.md b/gen/38/11.md index 10604d1f18..4d9bd93983 100644 --- a/gen/38/11.md +++ b/gen/38/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## his daughter-in-law ## +# his daughter-in-law -in-law** - "his oldest son's wife" +"his oldest son's wife" -## Shelah ## +# in your father's house -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:3](./03.md). +This means her to live in here father's house. AT: "and live in your father's house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Lest he also die like his brothers ## +# until Shelah, my son, grows up -"Or else he may die like his brother" \ No newline at end of file +Judah intends for Tamar to marry Shelah when he grows up. AT: "and when Shelah, my son, grows up, he can marry you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Shelah + +This is the name of one of Judah's sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# For he feared, "He might also die, just like his brothers + +Judah feared that if Shelah married Tamar he would also die like his brothers did. AT: "For he feared, 'If he marries her he may also die like his brothers did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/12.md b/gen/38/12.md index a2549d0bd9..421a7b4058 100644 --- a/gen/38/12.md +++ b/gen/38/12.md @@ -1,39 +1,55 @@ -## Shua's ## +# Shua's -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:1](./01.md). +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Judah was comforted ## +# Judah was comforted and -"When Judah was no longer grieving" +"When Judah was no longer grieving, he" -## to his sheepshearers ## +# his sheepshearers at Timnah -"to the person who cut the wool from his sheep" +"Timnah, where his men were shearing sheep" -## Timnah...Enaim ## +# Timnah ... Enaim These are names of a places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hirah the Adullamite ## +# he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:1](./01.md). +"His friend Hiram, from Adullam, went with him" -## Tamar was told ## +# Hirah the Adullamite -Alternate translation: "Someone told Tamar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Hiram" is the name of a man, and "Adullam" is the name of a village where he lived. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## your father-in-law ## +# Tamar was told -in-law** - "your husband's father" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told Tamar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## of her widowhood ## +# Look, your father-in-law + +"Listen." Here the word "look" is used to get Tamar attention. + +# your father-in-law + +"your husband's father" + +# of her widowhood "that widows wear" -## veil ## +# veil a very thin material used to cover a woman's head and face -## she had not been given to him as a wife ## +# wrapped herself -Alternate translation: "Judah had not given her to Shelah as a wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that she hid herself with her clothing so that people would not recognize her. Traditionally, part of women's clothing were large pieces of cloth they wrapped themselves with. AT: "wrapped herself in her clothing so that people would not recognize her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# by the road + +"along the road" or "on the way" + +# she had not been given to him as a wife + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Judah had not given her to Shelah as a wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/15.md b/gen/38/15.md index 477e94dd57..fdfb12404f 100644 --- a/gen/38/15.md +++ b/gen/38/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## When Judah saw her ## +# because she had covered her face + +Judah did not think she was a prostitute just because her face was covered but also because she was sitting in the gate. AT: "because she had covered her head and sat where prostitutes often sat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He went to her by the road + +Tamar was sitting by the road. AT: "He went to where she was sitting by the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Come + +"Come with me" or "Come now" + +# When Judah saw her "When Judah saw Tamar" -## his daughter-in-law ## +# his daughter-in-law -in-law** - "his son's wife" - -## let me make love to you ## - -The English translation states this more politely. Direct Translation: “let me come in to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) - -## so you can make love to me ## - -The English version states this more politely. Direct Translation: “so you can come into me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"his son's wife" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/17.md b/gen/38/17.md index 9611c24162..7e7f4f3da7 100644 --- a/gen/38/17.md +++ b/gen/38/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## give me a pledge ## +# from the flock -a "pledge" is something that you leave with another person to show that you will keep your promise. +"from my flock of goats" -## seal and cord ## +# seal and cord ... staff -A "seal" is a device with a design engraved on it. The owner of the seal would press it into clay or wax that was used to seal a document. This would leave a mark of the design in the clay or wax. This mark was used to prove that the owner of the seal sent the document. The "cord" was put through the seal so the owner could wear it around his neck. +A "seal" is similar to a coin with a design engraved on it, used to imprint melted wax. The "cord" was put through the seal so the owner could wear it around his neck. A staff was long wooden stick that helped in walking over rough ground. -## She became pregnant by him ## +# she became pregnant by him -Alternate translation: "He caused her to become pregnant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he caused her to become pregnant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/19.md b/gen/38/19.md index dcd2368288..981f408340 100644 --- a/gen/38/19.md +++ b/gen/38/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## veil...clothing of her widowhood ## +# veil -See how you translated these in [Genesis 38:12](./12.md). +This was a very thin material used to cover a woman's head and face. See how you translated these in [Genesis 38:14](./12.md). -## Adullamite ## +# clothing of her widowhood -See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:1](./01.md). +"clothing that widows wear." See how you translated these in [Genesis 38:14](./12.md). -## receive the pledge from the woman's hand ## +# from the flock -"take back the pledge from the woman." See how you translated "pledge" in [Genesis 38:17](./17.md). \ No newline at end of file +"from his flock" + +# Adullamite + +"Adullam" is the name of a village where Hiram lived. See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# receive the pledge + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "take back the pledge"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the woman's hand + +Here "hand" emphasizes that they were in here possession. The woman's hand refers to the woman. AT: "from the woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/21.md b/gen/38/21.md index c1f2a2f319..262922a923 100644 --- a/gen/38/21.md +++ b/gen/38/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Adullamite ## +# Adullamite -This is Hirah, the Adullamite, who was Judah's friend. See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:1](./01.md). +"Adullam" is the name of a village where Hiram lived. See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the men of the place ## +# the men of the place "some of the men who lived there" -## temple prostitute who was at Enaim by the road? ## +# cultic prostitute -"the prostitute who serves in the temple? I met here at Enaim by the road." See how you translated "Enaim" in [Genesis 38:12](./12.md). +"prostitute who serves in the temple" -## lest we be put to shame ## +# Enaim -Alternate translation: "or else people will laugh at us when they find out what happened." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:14](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# that we not be put to shame + +When people found out what had happened they would ridicule Judah and laugh at him. This can be made clear and stated in active form. AT: "or else people will laugh at us when they find out what happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/24.md b/gen/38/24.md index 176199520d..04e30532c3 100644 --- a/gen/38/24.md +++ b/gen/38/24.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## It came about ## +# It came about -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Tamar your daughter-in-law ## +# it was told to Judah -in-law** - "Tamar, your oldest son's wife" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone told Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## she is pregnant by sexual immorality ## +# Tamar your daughter-in-law -"She is pregnant because of her sexual immorality" +"Tamar, your oldest son's wife" -## Bring her here ## +# she is pregnant by it + +Here the word "it" refers to the "prostitution" that she committed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "it has made her pregnant" or "she is pregnant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Bring her here "Bring her out" -## let her be burned ## +# let her be burned -Alternate translation: "we will burn her to death." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we will burn her to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## When she was brought out ## +# When she was brought out -Alternate translation: "When they brought her out" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When they brought her out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## her father-in-law ## +# her father-in-law -in-law** - "her husband's father" +"her husband's father" -## seal and cords and staff ## +# seal and cords and staff -See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:17](./17.md). +A "seal" is similar to a coin with a design engraved on it, used to make an impression in melted wax. The "cord" was put through the seal so the owner could wear it around his neck. A staff was long wooden stick that helped in walking over rough ground. See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:18](./17.md). -## Shelah ## +# Shelah -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of one of Judah's sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/27.md b/gen/38/27.md index 3afe0a8624..716faa894c 100644 --- a/gen/38/27.md +++ b/gen/38/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## It came about at the time ## +# It came about at the time -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” is expressing a surprise that Tamar was carrying twins which was previously unknown. +The word "behold" alerts us to the surprise that Tamar was carrying twins, which was previously unknown. -## It came about as she was giving birth ## +# It came about as she was giving birth -This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase "It came about" marks an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## midwife ## +# one put out a hand -See how you translated this in [Genesis 35:16](../35/16.md). +"one of the babies put out his hand" -## scarlet thread ## +# midwife -"bright red thread" \ No newline at end of file +This is a person who helps a woman when she is giving birth to a child. See how you translated this in [Genesis 35:17](../35/16.md). + +# scarlet thread + +"bright red thread" + +# on his hand + +"around his wrist" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/29.md b/gen/38/29.md index 8342e3b84d..ace73544f9 100644 --- a/gen/38/29.md +++ b/gen/38/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## Perez ## +# How you have broken out! -Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Perez means 'breaking out.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This shows the midwife's surprise to seeing the second baby come out first. AT: "So this is how you break your way out first!" or "You have burst out first!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Zerah ## +# he was named -Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Zerah means 'scarlet or bright red.'" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "she named him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Perez + +This is the name of a boy. Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Perez means 'breaking out.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zerah + +This is the name of a boy. Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Zerah means 'scarlet or bright red.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/38/intro.md b/gen/38/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..81bfcaac57 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/38/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 38 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter focuses on Jacob's son Judah. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Spilling his seed" ##### +Onan was to provide for his brother's widow and give her an heir. This phrase indicates that he used Tamar to fulfill his own sexual desires rather than help her. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### God preserves Judah's line ##### +The Canaanite woman, Tamar, deceived her father-in-law, Judah, into having sexual relations with her. If it had not been for this act, Judah would not have any descendants to carry on his family line. Although her actions were wrong, God used them to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 38:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../37/intro.md) | [>>](../39/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/01.md b/gen/39/01.md index 34c1c0df82..216db77918 100644 --- a/gen/39/01.md +++ b/gen/39/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Joseph was brought down to Egypt ## +# Joseph was brought down to Egypt -This can be translated with an active verb: "The Ishmaelites had taken Joseph to Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Travelling to Egypt is always considered as going "down" in contrast to going "up" to the promised land. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Ishmaelites had taken Joseph to Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## He was a prosperous man ## +# Yahweh was with Joseph -"He became a prosperous man" +This means that Yahweh helped Joseph and was always with him. AT: "Yahweh guided Joseph and helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## He was in the house ## +# He lived in the house -"He lived in the house" or "He worked in the house" (UDB) +Here the author speaks of working in the master's house as if it were living in the master's house. Only the most trusted servants were permitted to work in their master's house. AT : "he worked in the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his Egyptian master ## +# his Egyptian master Joseph was now Potiphar's slave. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/03.md b/gen/39/03.md index b291405c6a..d670d2c306 100644 --- a/gen/39/03.md +++ b/gen/39/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## His master saw that that Yahweh was with him and that Yahweh prospered everything that he did. ## +# His master saw that Yahweh was with him -"His master realized that God was with Joseph because Yahweh prospered everything that Joseph did." +This means that the master saw how Yahweh was helping Joseph. AT: "His master saw that Yahweh was helping him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## in his sight ## +# that Yahweh prospered everything that he did -Possible meanings are 1) "Joseph found favor in Potiphar's sight" or 2) "Joseph found favor in Yahweh's sight." +"Yahweh caused everything that Joseph did to prosper" -## Potiphar made Joseph manager over his house, and everything that he possessed, he put under his care. ## +# Joseph found favor in his sight -"Potiphar put Joseph in charge of his household and everything that belonged to Potiphar." \ No newline at end of file +"To find favor" means to be approved by someone. The idiom "in his sight" refers to a person's opinion. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "Potiphar was pleased with Joseph" or 2) AT: "Yahweh was pleased with Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# He served Potiphar + +This means that he was Potiphar's personal servant. + +# Potiphar made Joseph manager over his house, and everything that he possessed + +"Potiphar put Joseph in charge of his household and everything that belonged to Potiphar" + +# put under his care + +When something is "put under someone's care," it means that the person is responsible for its care and safe-keeping. AT: "he had Joseph care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/05.md b/gen/39/05.md index ac8ab5f1de..2c66b90c3b 100644 --- a/gen/39/05.md +++ b/gen/39/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## It came about from the time that...that Yahweh blessed ## +# It came about from the time that -"And when...Yahweh blessed" +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of the next part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## he made him manager over his house and over everything he possessed ## +# he made him manager over his house and over everything he possessed "Potiphar put Joseph in charge of his household and everything that belonged to him" -## The blessing of Yahweh was on everything that Potiphar had in the house and in the field ## +# blessed -"Yahweh blessed Potiphar's household and his crops and livestock" +Here "blessed" means to cause good and beneficial things to happen to the person or thing that is being blessed. -## Potiphar put everything that he had under Joseph's care ## +# The blessing of Yahweh was on -"So Potiphar put Joseph in charge of everything that he had." +Here the author speaks of the blessing that Yahweh gave as if it were a physical covering put over something. AT: "Yahweh blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He did not have to think about anything except the food that he ate ## +# everything that Potiphar had in the house and in the field -Alternate translation: "All Potiphar had to think about was what he wanted to eat." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This refers his household and his crops and livestock. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Potiphar's household and all of his crops and livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Now Joseph was handsome and attractive ## +# Potiphar put everything that he had under Joseph's care -The word "now" marks a new part of the story and gives background information about Joseph. Alternate translation: "Joseph was handsome and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file +When something is "put under someone's care," it means that the person is responsible for its care and safe-keeping. AT: "So Potiphar put Joseph in charge of everything that he had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He did not have to think about anything except the food that he ate + +He did not have to worry about anything in his household; he only had to make decisions about what he wanted to eat. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Potiphar only had to think about what he wanted to eat. He did not have to worry about anything else in his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# Now + +The word "now" marks a break in the story line as the author gives background information about Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# handsome and attractive + +Both of the words have same meaning. They refer to Joseph's pleasing appearance. He was likely good-looking and strong. AT: "handsome and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/07.md b/gen/39/07.md index ad4da400c7..96d362ef9f 100644 --- a/gen/39/07.md +++ b/gen/39/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## It came about after this that ## +# It came about after this that -"And so" +"And so." This phrase is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Make love to me ## +# Look -This meant she wanted to have sex with him. Some languages use less direct phrases such as "Lie down with me" or "Sleep with me."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"Listen." Joseph uses this word to get Potiphar's wife's attention. -## my master does not pay attention to what I do in the house ## +# my master does not pay attention to what I do in the house -"my master has no concern about his household with me in charge." Alternate translation: "my master trusts me with his household." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +"my master has no concern about his household with me in charge." This can be written in positive form. AT: "my master trusts me with his household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## he has put everything that he owns under my care ## +# he has put everything that he owns under my care -"he has put me in charge of everything that belongs to him" +When something is "put under someone's care," it means that the person is responsible for its care and safe-keeping. AT: "he has put me in charge of everything that belongs to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## No one is not greater in this house than me. He has not kept back anything from me but you ## +# No one is greater in this house than I am -Alternate translation: "I have more authority than anyone in this house. He has given me everything except you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Here the author speaks of authority as if it were greatness. AT: "I have more authority in this house than anyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## How then can I do this great wickedness and sin against God? ## +# He has not kept back anything from me but you -Joseph uses a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "I certainly cannot do such a wicked thing and sin against God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "He has given me everything except you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# How then can I do this great wickedness and sin against God? + +Joseph uses a question for emphasis. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I certainly cannot do such a wicked thing and sin against God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/10.md b/gen/39/10.md index 203f0ec569..a9793be693 100644 --- a/gen/39/10.md +++ b/gen/39/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## to make love to her ## +# She spoke to Joseph day after day -This means to have sex with her. Some languages use less direct phrases such as "to lie with her" or "to sleep with her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This means that she kept asking him to sleep with her. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "She kept on asking Joseph to sleep with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to be with her ## +# to be with her "to be near her" -## It came about one day that he went ## +# It came about -"Then one day he went" +"And so." This phrase is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## None of the men of the house were there in the house ## +# None of the men of the house -"There were no other men in the house" or "None of the other servants were in the house. +"None of the other men who worked in the house" -## Make love to me ## - -"Lie with me" or "Sleep with me" - -## fled, and went outside ## +# fled, and went outside "and quickly ran outside" or "and quickly ran out of the house" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/13.md b/gen/39/13.md index da22eadf5e..d43306078c 100644 --- a/gen/39/13.md +++ b/gen/39/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## It came about...that she called ## +# It came about ... that she called -"Then...she called" +"Then ... she called." The phrase "it came about" is used here to mark the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## and had fled outside ## +# had fled outside -"and had quickly ran out of the house" +"had quickly ran out of the house" -## He came in to me to sleep with me ## +# the men of her house + +"the men who worked in her house" + +# See + +"Listen." Potiphar's wife uses this word to get the servants' attention. + +# He came in to me to sleep with me Here Potiphar's wife is accusing Joseph of trying to seize her and sleep with her. -## It came about when he heard me scream, that he ## +# It came about when he heard me scream, that he -"When he heard me scream, he" \ No newline at end of file +"When he heard me scream, he." The phrase "it came about" is used here to mark the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/16.md b/gen/39/16.md index 1bc3b18aaa..08c9dfa8c5 100644 --- a/gen/39/16.md +++ b/gen/39/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## She told him this explanation ## +# his master + +"Joseph's master." This refers to Potiphar. + +# She told him this explanation "She explained it like this" -## brought to us ## +# brought to us -The word "us" refers to Potiphar's wife and inclueds the rest of the household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +The word "us" refers to Potiphar, his wife, and includes the rest of the household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## came in to mock me ## +# came in to mock me -Here, the word "mock" means "to seize and to sleep with". Some languages use less direct phrases such as "came here to lie with me". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"came in to make a fool of me." Here, the word "mock" is a euphemism for "to seize and to sleep with." AT: "came into where I was and tried to force me to sleep with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## It came about that ## +# It came about that -"Then" +"Then." Potiphar's wife uses this phrase to mark the next event in the account she is telling him about Joseph trying to sleep with her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## fled outside ## +# fled outside "ran quickly out of the house" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/19.md b/gen/39/19.md index 7c9c291e7f..a9f91f8684 100644 --- a/gen/39/19.md +++ b/gen/39/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## It came about ... ## +# It came about that -The participants have been identified as: "It came about that, when his(Joseph) master(Potiphar) heard the explanation his(Potiphar) wife told him(Potiphar), 'This is what your(Potiphar) servant(Joseph) did to me(wife),' he(Potiphar) became very angry. 20Joseph’s master(Potiphar) took him(Joseph) and put him(Joseph) in prison, the place where the king’s prisoners were confined. He(Joseph) was there in the prison." +"And so." This phrase is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## It came about that, when his master heard the explanation his wife told him ## +# his master -"Then, when his master heard his wife explain to him" +"Joseph's master." This refers to Potiphar. This information can be made explicit. AT: "Joseph's master, Potiphar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he became very angry ## +# heard the explanation his wife told him + +"heard his wife explain to him." The word "his" and "him" here refer to Potiphar. + +# he became very angry "Potiphar became very angry" -## in the place where all the king's prisoners were put ## +# the place where the king's prisoners were confined -This can be translated with a active verb: "the place where the king put his prisoners." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the place where the king put his prisoners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## He was there ## +# He was there -"Joseph was there" \ No newline at end of file +"Joseph stayed there" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/21.md b/gen/39/21.md index 27d7a1f405..fc8df61a04 100644 --- a/gen/39/21.md +++ b/gen/39/21.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## and showed covenant faithfulness to him ## +# But Yahweh was with Joseph -"and was faithful to him because of the solemn promise he made to Joseph's ancestors." +This refers to how Yahweh took care of Joseph and was kind to him. AT: "But Yahweh was kind to Joseph" or "But Yahweh took care of Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## He gave him favor ## +# showed covenant faithfulness to him -"Yahweh gave Joseph favor" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "faithfully." AT: "was faithful to his covenant with him" or "faithfully loved him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the prison warden ## +# He gave him favor in the sight of the prison warden + +This means Yahweh caused the prison warden to approve of Joseph and to treat him well. AT: "Yahweh caused the prison warden to be pleased with Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the prison warden "the prison manager" or "the man in charge of the prison" -## Whatever they did there, Joseph was in charge of it ## +# gave into Joseph's hand -"Joseph was in charge of everything they did there." +Here "hand" represents Joseph's power or trust. AT: "put Joseph in charge of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## anything that was under his care ## +# Whatever they did there, Joseph was in charge of it -"anything that Joseph was in charge of" +"Joseph was in charge of everything they did there" -## Whatever he did, Yahweh prospered ## +# because Yahweh was with him -"Yahweh prospered everything Joseph did." \ No newline at end of file +This refers to how Yahweh helped Joseph and guided him. AT: "because Yahweh guided Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Whatever he did, Yahweh prospered + +"Yahweh caused everything that Joseph did to prosper" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/39/intro.md b/gen/39/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d2b6845134 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/39/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Genesis 39 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's power ##### +The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. This is a sign of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]]) + +##### Joseph's character ##### +Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph's ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph's character in this chapter is upright. He chose to do what was right, even when it could cause him harm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 39:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../38/intro.md) | [>>](../40/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/01.md b/gen/40/01.md index a3ab920169..cadffad2db 100644 --- a/gen/40/01.md +++ b/gen/40/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## It came about that after these things ## +# It came about that -"After these things" +This phrase is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## the cupbearer ## +# the cupbearer This is the person who brought drinks to the king. -## the baker ## +# king's baker This is the person who made food for the king. -## offended their master ## +# offended their master "upset their master" -## the chief cupbearer and the chief baker ## +# the chief of the cupbearers and the chief of the bakers "the leading cupbearer and the leading baker" -## He put them in custody in the prison ## +# He put them in custody in the house of the captain of the guard -"He put them in the prison" +"He put them in the prison that was in the house that was overseen by the captain of the guard" -## in the same prison where Joseph was confined ## +# He put them -This can be translated as a new sentence and with an active verb: "This was the same prison Potiphar put Joseph." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The king did not put them in prison but rather he commanded for them to be imprisoned. AT: "He had them put" or "He commanded his guard to put" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the same prison where Joseph was confined + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This was the same prison that Joseph was in" or "This was the same prison Potiphar put Joseph in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/04.md b/gen/40/04.md index c32a31d33f..d33ea4d4d8 100644 --- a/gen/40/04.md +++ b/gen/40/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## put Joseph in charge of them ## +# They remained in custody for some time -"put Joseph in charge of the cupbearer and the baker" - -## He attended to them ## - -"Joseph helped take care of them" - -## They remained in custody for some time. ## - -"They remained in prison for a long time." - -## Both of them dreamed a dream, each man his dream in the same night, each man with the interpretation of his dream, the cupbearer and the baker of the king of Egypt who were confined in the prison. ## - -"While in prison, the cupbearer and the baker to the king of Egypt had a dream in the same night. Each dream had its own meaning." \ No newline at end of file +"They remained in prison for a long time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/06.md b/gen/40/06.md index a7bef28710..59dfc2b733 100644 --- a/gen/40/06.md +++ b/gen/40/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Joseph came to them ## +# Joseph came to them "Joseph came to the cupbearer and the baker" -## Behold, they were sad ## +# Behold, they were sad -The word “behold” here shows that Joseph was surprised by what he saw. Alternate translation: "He was surprised to see that they were sad." +The word "behold" here shows that Joseph was surprised by what he saw. AT: "He was surprised to see that they were sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Do not interpretations belong to God? ## +# Pharaoh's officials who were with him -Joseph uses a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "God is able to reveal the meaning of dreams." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This refers to the cupbearer and the baker. -## Tell me, please. ## +# in custody in his master's house -"Tell me the dreams, please." \ No newline at end of file +"In prison in him master's house." "His master" refers to Joseph's master, the captain of the guard. + +# Do not interpretations belong to God? + +Joseph uses a question for emphasis. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Interpretations belong to God!" or "It is God who can tell the meaning of dreams!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Tell me, please + +Joseph asks for them to tell him their dreams. AT: "Tell me the dreams, please" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/09.md b/gen/40/09.md index f20ce6269d..1c4d0496f1 100644 --- a/gen/40/09.md +++ b/gen/40/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## The chief cupbearer ## +# The chief of the cupbearers -See how you translated this in [Genesis 40:1](./01.md). +The most important person who brings drinks to the king. See how you translated this in [Genesis 40:2](./01.md). -## In my dream, behold, a vine was in front of me ## +# In my dream, behold, a vine was in front of me -The word “behold” here shows that the cupbearer was surprised by what he saw. Alternate translation: "In my dream, I saw a vine in front of me!" +"In my dream, I saw a vine in front of me!" The cupbearer uses word "behold" here to show that he was surprised by what he saw in his dream and to alert Joseph to pay attention. -## the clusters of grapes ripened ## +# the clusters of grapes ripened -"its clusters ripened into grapes" \ No newline at end of file +"its clusters ripened into grapes" + +# squeezed them + +This means that he squeezed the juice out of them. AT: "squeezed the juice from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/12.md b/gen/40/12.md index c8cdd7b9db..beb29147aa 100644 --- a/gen/40/12.md +++ b/gen/40/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## This is the interpretation of it ## +# This is the interpretation of it "Here is what the dream means" -## Within three days ## +# The three branches are three days + +"The three branches represent three days" + +# Within three days "In three more days" -## will raise your head ## +# will lift up your head -Alternate translation: "will raise up your head to take away your shame" +Here Joseph speaks of Pharaoh releasing the cupbearer from prison as if Pharaoh were causing him to lift up his head. AT: "will release you from prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and restore you to your office ## +# restore you to your office -"and he will allow you to serve him again" \ No newline at end of file +"will give you back your job" + +# just as when + +"just as you did when" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/14.md b/gen/40/14.md index afc3ad769c..4e9c8f1603 100644 --- a/gen/40/14.md +++ b/gen/40/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## and please show kindness to me ## +# please show kindness to me -"and please be kind to me" +"please be kind to me" -## Mention me to Pharaoh and bring me out of this prison ## +# Mention me to Pharaoh and bring me out of this prison -"Help me get out of this prison by telling Pharaoh about me" +Joseph means for the cupbearer to tell Pharaoh about him so that Pharaoh will release him from prison. AT: "Help me get out of this prison by telling Pharaoh about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## For indeed I was abducted ## +# For indeed I was abducted -This can be translated with an active verb: "For indeed people took me" or "For indeed the Ishmaelites took me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For indeed people took me" or "For indeed the Ishmaelites took me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the land of the Hebrews ## +# the land of the Hebrews -"the land where the Hebrew people live" \ No newline at end of file +"the land where the Hebrew people live" + +# Here also have I done nothing that they should put me in this dungeon + +"and also while I have been here in Egypt, I have done nothing for which I deserved to be put in prison" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/16.md b/gen/40/16.md index c17081e101..b3802a4fd1 100644 --- a/gen/40/16.md +++ b/gen/40/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## the chief baker ## +# the chief of the bakers -See how this was translated in [Genesis 40:1](./01.md). +This refers to the leading person who made food for the king. See how this was translated in [Genesis 40:2](./01.md). -## that the interpretation was favorable ## +# I also had a dream, and -"that the meaning of the dream was good" +"I also had a dream, and in my dream," -## I also had a dream, and ## +# behold, three baskets of bread were on my head -“Also in my dream,” +"there were three baskets of bread on my head!" The baker uses word "behold" here to show that he was surprised by what he saw in his dream and to alert Joseph to pay attention. -## behold, three baskets of bread were on my head ## +# baked goods for Pharaoh -The word “behold” here shows that the baker was surprised by what he saw. Alternate translation: "there were three baskets of bread on my head!" - -## baked goods for Pharaoh ## - -"food baked for Pharaoh" \ No newline at end of file +"baked foods for Pharaoh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/18.md b/gen/40/18.md index 392d23ce9a..dd8120a468 100644 --- a/gen/40/18.md +++ b/gen/40/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## This is the interpretation ## +# This is the interpretation "Here is what the dream means" -## will lift up your head from you and will hang you on a tree ## +# The three baskets are three days -Joseph also used the phrase "will lift up your head" when he spoke to the cupbearer in [Genesis 40:12](./12.md). Here it has a different meaning. Possible meanings are 1) "will lift up your head to put a rope around your neck and hang you from a tree" or 2) "will lift up your head to cut it off." \ No newline at end of file +"The three baskets represent three days" + +# will lift up your head from you + +Joseph also used the phrase "will lift up your head" when he spoke to the cupbearer in [Genesis 40:13](./12.md). Here it has a different meaning. Possible meanings are 1) "will lift up your head to put a rope around your neck" or 2) "will lift up your head to cut it off." + +# flesh + +Here "flesh" literally means the soft tissue on a person's body. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/20.md b/gen/40/20.md index 00e876a05a..8df1fae934 100644 --- a/gen/40/20.md +++ b/gen/40/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## the chief cupbearer and the chief baker ## +# It came about on the third day that -See how this was translated in [Genesis 40:1](./01.md). +"Afterward, on the third day." The phrase "it came about" is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## It came about on the third day that ## - -“Afterward, on the third day,” - -## He made a feast ## +# He made a feast "He had a feast" -## He paid special attention to the chief cupbearer and the chief baker, more than to all his other servants. ## +# the chief of the cupbearers -"He lifted up the head of the chief cupbearer and the head of the chief baker in the midst of his servants." +This was the leading person who prepared and served drinks to the king. See how these were translated in [Genesis 40:2](./01.md). -## He restored the chief cupbearer to his responsibility ## +# the chief of the bakers -"He allowed the chief cupbearer to serve him again" +This refers to the leading person who made food for the king. See how this was translated in [Genesis 40:2](./01.md). -## and he put the cup into Pharaoh’s hand again ## +# He restored the chief of the cupbearers to his responsibility -"so that he put the cup into Pharaoh's hand" \ No newline at end of file +The chief of the cupbearer's "responsibility" refers to his job as chief of the cupbearers. AT: "He gave the chief of the cupbearers his job back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But he hanged the chief of the bakers + +Pharaoh did not personally hang the baker, rather he commanded for him to be hanged. AT: "But he commanded for the chief of the bakers to be hanged" or "But he commanded his guards to hang the chief of the bakers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# just as Joseph had interpreted to them + +This refers to when Joseph interpreted their dreams. AT: "just as Joseph had said would happen when he interpreted the two men's dreams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/40/intro.md b/gen/40/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9d9531b26b --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/40/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Genesis 40 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's power ##### +The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +##### Interpretation of dreams ##### +The interpretation of dreams was important in the ancient Near East. It was seen as possible only through divine power. Yahweh gave Joseph the power to interpret dreams in order to bring himself glory and to protect Joseph and the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 40:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../39/intro.md) | [>>](../41/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/01.md b/gen/41/01.md index 2aa43cf417..b220574bf4 100644 --- a/gen/41/01.md +++ b/gen/41/01.md @@ -1,39 +1,43 @@ -## It came about ## +# It came about -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## at the end of two full years ## +# at the end of two full years Two years passed after Joseph correctly interpreted the dreams of Pharaoh's cupbearer and baker, who had been in prison with Joseph. -## Behold, he stood ## +# Behold, he stood The word "behold" here marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## he stood ## +# he stood "Pharaoh was standing" -## Behold, seven cows ## +# Behold -The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw. This can also be translated as “suddenly." +"Suddenly." The word "behold" here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw. -## desirable and fat ## +# desirable and fat -This could be translated as a new sentence: "They were healthy and fat." +"healthy and fat" -## grazed in the reeds ## +# grazed in the reeds -These are tall, thin grasses that grow in wet areas. Alternate translation: "were eating the grass along the side of the river" +"were eating the grass along the side of the river" -## Behold, seven other cows ## +# reeds -The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was again surprised by what he saw. +tall, thin grasses that grow in wet areas -## undesirable and thin ## +# Behold, seven other cows -This can be translated as a new sentence: "They were sick and thin." +The word "behold" here shows that Pharaoh was again surprised by what he saw. -## bank of the river ## +# undesirable and thin -This is the higher ground along the edge of a river. Alternate translation: "beside the river" or "riverside" \ No newline at end of file +"sick and thin" + +# bank of the river + +"beside the river" or "riverside." This is the higher ground along the edge of a river. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/04.md b/gen/41/04.md index cae68071d2..cee48a15c2 100644 --- a/gen/41/04.md +++ b/gen/41/04.md @@ -1,35 +1,43 @@ -## undesirable and thin ## +# undesirable and thin -See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:1](./01.md). +"weak and skinny." See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:3](./01.md). -## desirable and fat ## +# desirable and fat -See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:1](./01.md). +"healthy and well-fed." See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:2](./01.md). -## woke up ## +# woke up "awakened" -## Behold, seven heads ## +# a second time -The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw. +The word "second" is an ordinal number. AT: "again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## heads of grain ## +# Behold, seven heads + +The word "behold" here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw. + +# heads of grain The heads are parts of the corn plant on which the seeds grow. -## came up on one stalk ## +# came up on one stalk -This is the thick or tall part of a plant. Alternate translation: "grew up on one stem" +"grew up on one stem." The stalk is the thick or tall part of a plant. -## wholesome and good ## +# on one stalk, wholesome and good -This could be translated as a new sentence: "They were healthy and good." +"on one stock and they were healthy and beautiful" -## thin and scorched by the east wind ## +# thin and scorched by the east wind -"that were thin and burned by a hot wind that came from the east" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that were thin and burned because of the hot wind from the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## sprouted up ## +# the east wind + +Wind from the east blew in from the desert. The heat of the east wind was often very destructive. + +# sprouted up "grew up" or "developed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/07.md b/gen/41/07.md index b501779f02..af3e291c6e 100644 --- a/gen/41/07.md +++ b/gen/41/07.md @@ -1,39 +1,39 @@ -## The thin heads ## +# The thin heads -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:4](./04.md). +The words "of grain" are understood. AT: "The thin heads of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## swallowed up ## +# swallowed up -"ate" +"ate." Pharaoh is dreaming that unhealthy corn could eat healthy corn just like a person eats food. -## wholesome and full heads ## +# wholesome and full heads -"healthy and good heads." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:4](./04.md). +"healthy and good heads." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:5](./04.md). -## woke up ## +# woke up "awakened" -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he had seen. +The word "behold" here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he had seen. -## it was a dream ## +# it was a dream "he had been dreaming" -## It came about ## +# It came about -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## his spirit was troubled ## +# his spirit was troubled -Here the word "spirit" refers to his inner being or his emotions. Alternate translation: "he was troubled in his inner being" or "he was troubled." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "spirit" refers to his inner being or his emotions. AT: "he was troubled in his inner being" or "he was troubled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## He sent and called for ## +# He sent and called -"He sent his servants to gather" +It is understood that he sent servants. AT: "He sent his servants to call" or "He sent his servants to summon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## all the magicians and wise men of Egypt ## +# all the magicians and wise men of Egypt Ancient kings and rulers used magicians and wise men as advisers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/09.md b/gen/41/09.md index 38fa5fa5fe..01d48f5628 100644 --- a/gen/41/09.md +++ b/gen/41/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## chief cupbearer ## +# chief cupbearer -See how you translated this in [Genesis 40:1](../40/01.md). +The most important person who brings drinks to the king. See how you translated this in [Genesis 40:2](../40/01.md). -## Today I remember my offenses ## +# Today I am thinking about my offenses -The word "today" is used for emphasis. Alternate transltion: "I just realized that I forgot to tell you something." +The word "Today" is used for emphasis. His "offenses" are that he should have told Pharaoh something much earlier but he did not. AT: "I just realized that I forgot to tell you something" -## put me in custody in the house of the captain of the guard, the chief baker and me ## +# Pharaoh was angry -"put the chief baker and me in the prison of the captain of the guard." See how you translated "chief baker" and "captain of the guard" in [Genesis 40:1](../40/01.md). +The cupbearer is referring to Pharaoh in third person. This is a common way for someone with less power to speak to someone with greater power. AT: "You, Pharaoh, were angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## We dreamed a dream the same night, he and I ## +# with his servants + +Here "his" refers to Pharaoh. Here "servants" refers to the cupbearer and the chief baker. AT: "with us, your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# put me in custody in the house of the captain of the guard, the chief baker and me + +"put the chief baker and me in the prison where the captain of the guard was in charge." Here "house" refers to the prison. + +# the captain of the guard + +The soldier in charge of the royal guards. See how you translated this in [Genesis 40:2-3](../40/01.md). + +# the chief baker + +The most important person who made food for the king. See how you translated this in [Genesis 40:2-3](../40/01.md). + +# We dreamed a dream the same night, he and I "One night we both had dreams" -## We dreamed each man according to the interpretation of his dream ## +# We dreamed + +Here "We" refers to the chief cupbearer and the chief baker. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# We dreamed each man according to the interpretation of his dream "Our dreams had different meanings" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/12.md b/gen/41/12.md index e27d151ccf..99b964231a 100644 --- a/gen/41/12.md +++ b/gen/41/12.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -The chief cupbearer continue to speak to Pharaoh. +# General Information: -## There was with us there ## +The chief cupbearer continues to speak to Pharaoh. + +# There was with us there "In prison there was with the chief baker and me" -## captain of the guard ## +# the captain of the guard -See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 40:1](../40/01.md). +The soldier in charge of the royal guards. See how you translated this in [Genesis 40:2-3](../40/01.md). -## We told him and he interpreted for us our dreams ## +# We told him and he interpreted for us our dreams "We told him our dreams and he explained their meanings to us" -## He interpreted for each of us according to his dream ## +# He interpreted for each of us according to his dream -"He explained what was going to happen to both of us" +Here "his" refers to the cupbearer and baker individually, not to the one interpreting the dream. AT: "He explained what was going to happen to both of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## It came about ## +# It came about This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## as he interpreted for us, so it happened ## +# as he interpreted for us, so it happened "what he explained about the dreams is what later happened" -## Pharaoh restored me to my post ## +# Pharaoh restored me to my post -Here the cupbearer uses Pharaoh's title in speaking to him as a way of honoring him. Alternate translation: "You allowed me to return to my job." +Here the cupbearer uses Pharaoh's title in speaking to him as a way of honoring him. AT: "You allowed me to return to my job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## the other one ## +# the other one -"the chief baker" \ No newline at end of file +"the chief baker" + +# he hanged + +Here "he" refers to Pharaoh. And, it stands for the soldiers that Pharaoh commanded to hang the chief baker. AT: "you ordered your soldiers to hang" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/14.md b/gen/41/14.md index 4199001270..e66d53027f 100644 --- a/gen/41/14.md +++ b/gen/41/14.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## Pharaoh sent and called for ## +# Pharaoh sent and called for -"Pharaoh sent his servants to get Joseph" +It is understood that Pharaoh sent servants. AT: "Pharaoh sent his servants to get Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## out of the dungeon ## +# out of the dungeon "out of the jail" or "out of the prison" -## He shaved himself ## +# He shaved himself -It was common practice to shave both the facial and head hair. +It was common practice to shave both the facial and head hair when preparing to go before Pharaoh. -## came in to Pharaoh ## +# came in to Pharaoh -"appeared before Pharaoh" +Here "came" can be stated as "went." AT: "went before Pharaoh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## there is no interpreter for it ## +# there is no interpreter for it "no one can explain the meaning" -## you can interpret it ## +# you can interpret it "you can explain its meaning" -## It is not in me ## +# It is not in me "I am not the one who can explain the meaning" -## God will answer Pharaoh with favor ## +# God will answer Pharaoh with favor "God will answer Pharaoh favorably" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/17.md b/gen/41/17.md index 3abebfd5d3..82331aeaa0 100644 --- a/gen/41/17.md +++ b/gen/41/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Behold, I stood ## +# behold, I stood + +Pharaoh uses the word "behold" to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. + +# bank of the Nile + +This is the higher ground along the edge of the Nile River. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:3](./01.md). AT: "beside the Nile" + +# Behold, seven cows Pharaoh uses the word "Behold" to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. -## bank of the Nile ## +# fat and desirable -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:1](./01.md). +"well-fed and healthy." See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:2](./01.md). -## Behold, seven cows ## +# grazed among the reeds -Pharaoh uses the word "Behold" to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. - -## came up out of the Nile ## - -See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:1](./01.md). - -## fat and desirable ## - -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:1](./01.md). - -## grazed among the reeds ## - -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +"were eating the grass along the side of the river." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:2](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/19.md b/gen/41/19.md index caf409721d..d0d1e5ab54 100644 --- a/gen/41/19.md +++ b/gen/41/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Behold, seven other cows ## +# Behold, seven other cows -Pharaoh uses the word “Behold” to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. +Pharaoh uses the word "Behold" to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. -## undesirable, and thin ## +# undesirable, and thin -See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:1](./01.md). +"weak, and skinny." See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:3](./01.md). -## desirable and fat ## +# such undesirableness -See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:1](./01.md). +The abstract noun "undesirableness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "such ugly cows" or "such worthless looking cows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## I never saw in all the land of Egypt such undesirableness like them ## +# fat cows -"In all the land of Egypt, I have never seen such worthless looking cows" \ No newline at end of file +"well-fed cows." See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:2](./01.md). + +# it could not be known that they had eaten them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one would have been able to tell that the thin cows had eaten the fat cows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/22.md b/gen/41/22.md index 3d7718e8f7..47a06eda03 100644 --- a/gen/41/22.md +++ b/gen/41/22.md @@ -1,33 +1,51 @@ +# General Information: + Pharaoh continues telling Joseph his dreams. -## behold, seven heads ## +# I looked in my dream -Pharaoh uses the word “Behold” to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. +This begins Pharaoh's next dream after he woke up and went back to sleep. AT: "Then I dreamed again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## came up upon one stalk ## +# behold, seven heads -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:4](./04.md). +Pharaoh uses the word "Behold" to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. -## Behold, seven more heads ## +# seven heads -Pharaoh uses the word “Behold” to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. +The words "of grain" are understood. AT: "seven heads of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## withered ## +# came up upon one stalk + +"grew up on one stem." The stalk is the thick or tall part of a plant. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:5](./04.md). + +# Behold, seven more heads + +Pharaoh uses the word "Behold" to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information. + +# withered, thin and scorched by the east wind + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that were withered, thin, and scorched because of the hot wind from the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# withered "decayed" or "wilted" -## scorched by the east wind ## +# the east wind -See how your translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:4](./04.md). +Wind from the east blew in from the desert. The heat of the east wind was often very destructive to crops. -## sprang up ## +# sprang up "grew up" or "developed" -## The thin heads swallowed up the seven good heads ## +# The thin heads -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:7](./07.md). +The words "of grain" are understood. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:7](./07.md). AT: "The thin heads of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## There was none that could explain it to me ## +# swallowed up -Possible meanings are 1) "There was none..." or 2) "there were none..." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:7](./07.md). \ No newline at end of file +"ate." Pharaoh is dreaming that unhealthy corn could eat healthy corn just like a person eats food. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:7](./07.md). + +# there was none that could + +"there was not a single one that could" or "none of them could" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/25.md b/gen/41/25.md index f84b7ba05c..a822ab9304 100644 --- a/gen/41/25.md +++ b/gen/41/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## What God is about to do, he has declared to Pharaoh ## +# The dreams of Pharaoh are the same -"God is showing you what he will soon do" \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that the meanings are the same. AT: "Both dreams mean the same thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What God is about to do, he has declared to Pharaoh + +Joseph speaks to Pharaoh in the third person. This is a way of showing respect. It can be stated in the second person. AT: "God is showing you what he will soon do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# seven good heads + +The words "of grain" are understood. AT: "seven good heads of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/27.md b/gen/41/27.md index dfd5e29319..9d0ab33a0e 100644 --- a/gen/41/27.md +++ b/gen/41/27.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Joseph continues his interpretation of Pharaoh's dreams -## thin and undesirable cows that came up ## +# thin and undesirable cows -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:1](./01.md). +"skinny and weak cows." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:3](./01.md). -## seven thin heads scorched by the east wind ## +# seven thin heads scorched by the east wind -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:4](./04.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "seven thin heads of grain scorched because of the hot wind from the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## That is the thing which I spoke to Pharaoh ## +# That is the thing which I spoke to Pharaoh ... revealed to Pharaoh -Here Joseph uses Pharaoh's title as a way of speaking respectfully to him. Alternate translation: “These events will happen just as I have told you.” +Joseph speaks to Pharaoh in the third person. This is a way of showing respect. It can be stated in second person. AT: "These events will happen just as I have told you ... revealed to you, Pharaoh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## he has revealed ## +# he has revealed "he has made known" -## Look ## +# Look -"Pay attention to what I am saying" \ No newline at end of file +This is used to emphasize what Joseph says next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am saying" + +# seven years of great abundance will come throughout all the land of Egypt + +This speaks about the years of abundance as if time is something that travels and comes to a place. AT: "there will be seven years in which there will be plenty of food throughout the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/30.md b/gen/41/30.md index d684f033ec..49224bf37c 100644 --- a/gen/41/30.md +++ b/gen/41/30.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Joseph continues interpreting Pharaoh's dreams. -## Seven years of famine will come after them ## +# Seven years of famine will come after them -"Seven years of famine will follow the seven years of great abundance" +This speaks about the seven years of famine as if they are something that travels and comes to a place. AT: "Then there will be seven years when there is very little food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## all the abundance will be forgotten...and the famine will devastate the land. The abundance will not be remembered...because of the famine that will follow ## +# all the abundance will be forgotten ... and the famine will devastate the land. The abundance will not be remembered ... because of the famine that will follow Joseph expresses an idea in two ways to emphasize its importance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## That the dream was repeated to Pharaoh is because the matter has established by God ## +# all the abundance will be forgotten in the land of Egypt -"God gave you two dreams to show you that these events will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "land" refers to the people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people of Egypt will forget about the years in which there was plenty of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will devastate the land + +Here "land" refers to the soil, the people, and the entire country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because of the famine that will follow + +This speaks about the famine as if it were a thing that travels and follows behind something else. AT: "because of the time of famine that will happen afterwards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# That the dream was repeated to Pharaoh is because the matter has been established by God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave you two dreams to show you that he will certainly cause these things to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/33.md b/gen/41/33.md index 683c523a0c..b2e4bb39e1 100644 --- a/gen/41/33.md +++ b/gen/41/33.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Joseph continues to address Pharaoh -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a new part of the story. +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## put him over the land of Egypt ## +# let Pharaoh look -"give him authority over the kingdom of Egypt" +Joseph speaks to Pharaoh in third person. This is a way of showing respect. It can be stated in second person. AT: "You, Pharaoh, should look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Let them take a fifth of the crops ## +# put him over the land of Egypt -"Let them gather and store a fifth of the crops" +The phrase "put him over" means to give someone authority. AT: "give him authority over the kingdom of Egypt" or "put him in charge of the kingdom of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## in the seven abundant years ## +# land of Egypt -"during the seven years of big harvests" \ No newline at end of file +Here "land" stands for all the people and everything in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let them take a fifth of the crops of Egypt + +The word "fifth" is a fraction. AT: "let them divide the crops of Egypt into five equal parts, then take one of those parts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# in the seven abundant years + +"during the seven years in which there is plenty of food" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/35.md b/gen/41/35.md index 9aebf3c614..81ba5ae9db 100644 --- a/gen/41/35.md +++ b/gen/41/35.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Joseph continues to counsel Pharaoh -## Let them gather ## +# Let them gather -"allow the overseers to gather" +"Allow the overseers to gather" -## store up ## +# of these good years that are coming -"store" or "save" +This speaks of years as if they are something that travels and comes to a place. AT: "during the good years that will soon happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Let them guard it ## +# store up grain under the authority of Pharaoh -"Let the overseers guard the grain" +The phrase "under the authority of Pharaoh" means Pharaoh gives them authority. AT: "use the authority of Pharaoh to store the grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the food will be a supply ## +# They should preserve it -"the food will be a stockpile" +The word "they" refers to the overseers and represents the soldiers that they should command to guard the grain. AT: "The overseers should leave soldiers there to guard the grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## will not be devastated by the famine ## +# The food will be a supply for the land -The people and animals will not starve to death as a result of the coming harvest shortages. \ No newline at end of file +Here "land" refers to the people. AT: "This food will be for the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# In this way the land will not be devastated by the famine + +Here "land" stands for the people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "This way the people will not starve during the famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/37.md b/gen/41/37.md index 94247b2964..3769632317 100644 --- a/gen/41/37.md +++ b/gen/41/37.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## This advice was good in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of all his servants ## +# This advice was good in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of all his servants -"Pharaoh and his officials thought this was a good plan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "Pharaoh and his servants thought this was a good plan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the eyes of ## +# his servants -"in the opinion of" +This means Pharaoh's officials. -## Pharaoh said to his servants ## - -"Pharaoh said to his officials" - -## such a man as this ## +# such a man as this "a man like the one Joseph described" -## in whom is the Spirit of God ## +# in whom is the Spirit of God "in whom the Spirit of God lives" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/39.md b/gen/41/39.md index 7c3412a668..ae40365fb9 100644 --- a/gen/41/39.md +++ b/gen/41/39.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## there is none so discerning ## +# there is none so discerning -See how you translated "discerning" in [Genesis 41:33](./33.md). +"no one else is as capable in making decisions." See how you translated "discerning" in [Genesis 41:33](./33.md). -## You shall be over my house ## +# You will be over my house -"You will have authority over my kingdom" +Here "house" stands for Pharaoh's palace and the people in the palace. The phrase "will be over" means Joseph will have authority over. AT: "You will be in charge of everyone in my palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## according to your word will all my people be ruled ## +# according to your word will all my people be ruled -"you will rule over my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will rule over my people and they will do what you command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Only in the throne ## +# Only in the throne -"Only in my role as king" +Here "throne" stands for Pharaoh's rule as king. AT: "Only in my role as king" -## See, I have put you ## +# See, I have put you -"Look, I have put you" +The word "See" adds emphasis to what Pharaoh says next. AT: "Look, I have put you" -## I have put you over all the land ## +# I have put you over all the land of Egypt -"I have given you authority over my kingdom" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "put you over" means to give authority. Here "land" refers to the people. AT: "I put you in charge of everyone in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/42.md b/gen/41/42.md index 15e5cdfdbe..eef806e9f2 100644 --- a/gen/41/42.md +++ b/gen/41/42.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Pharaoh took off his signet ring...and put it upon Joseph's hand ## +# Pharaoh took off his signet ring ... gold chain on his neck -Joseph having Pharaoh's signet ring grants him all authority and money to carry out the plans he outlined to Pharaoh. +All of these actions symbolize that Pharaoh is giving Joseph the authority to do everything that Joseph planned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## clothes of linen ## +# signet ring + +This ring had Pharaoh's seal engraved on it. This gave Joseph the authority and money needed to carry out his plans. + +# clothes of fine linen "Linen" is a smooth, strong cloth made from the blue-flowered flax plant. -## He had him ride in the second chariot which he possessed ## +# He had him ride in the second chariot which he possessed -This act makes clear to the people that Joseph is second only to Pharaoh. +This act makes clear to the people that Joseph is second only to Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Bend the knee ## +# Bend the knee -"bow down and honor Joseph" +"Bow down and honor Joseph." To bend the knee and bow down was a sign of honor and respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Pharaoh put him over all the land ## +# Pharaoh put him over all the land -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:39](./39.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "put you over" means to give authority. Here "land" refers to the people. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:41](./39.md). AT: "I put you in charge of everyone in Egypt"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/44.md b/gen/41/44.md index b7d89ef196..c524e9114b 100644 --- a/gen/41/44.md +++ b/gen/41/44.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## Zaphenath-Paneah ## +# I am Pharaoh, and apart from you -Paneah** - Translators may add the following footnote: The name Zaphenath-Paneah means "a revealer of secrets." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Pharaoh is emphasizing his authority. AT: "As Pharaoh, I command that apart from you" -## He gave him Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of On, as a wife ## +# apart from you, no man will lift his hand or his foot in all the land of Egypt -Priests in Egypt were the highest and most privileged caste. This marriage signifies Joseph's place of honor and privilege. +Here "hand" and "foot" stand for a person's actions. AT: "no person in Egypt will do anything without your permission" or "every person in Egypt must ask your permission before they do anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## gave him Asenath ## +# no man -"Asenath" is the name of the woman whom Pharaoh gave to Joseph as his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here "man" refers to any person in general, whether male or female. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## daughter of Potiphera ## +# Zaphenath-Paneah -"Potiphera" is the father of Asenath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Translators may add the following footnote: The name Zaphenath-Paneah means "a revealer of secrets." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## priest of On ## +# He gave him Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of On, as a wife + +Priests in Egypt were the highest and most privileged caste. This marriage signifies Joseph's place of honor and privilege. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# gave him Asenath + +"Asenath" is the name of the woman whom Pharaoh gave to Joseph as his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# daughter of Potiphera + +"Potiphera" is the father of Asenath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# priest of On On is a city, also called Heliopolis, which was "the City of the Sun" and the center of worship of the sun god Ra. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Joseph's authority was over all Egypt ## +# Joseph went out over the land of Egypt -"Joseph ruled over all the people of Egypt" \ No newline at end of file +Joseph traveled over the land to supervise the preparations for the coming drought. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/46.md b/gen/41/46.md index 3d37c188d3..f7fbbbf26a 100644 --- a/gen/41/46.md +++ b/gen/41/46.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## when he stood before Pharaoh ## +# thirty years old -"when he was presented to Pharaoh" +"30 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the land produced abundantly ## +# when he stood before Pharaoh + +Here "stood before" stands for Joseph starting to serve Pharaoh. AT: "when he started to serve Pharaoh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# went throughout all the land of Egypt + +Joseph is inspecting the country as he prepares to carry out his plans. + +# In the seven bountiful years + +"During the seven good years" + +# the land produced abundantly "the land produced big harvests" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/48.md b/gen/41/48.md index 18e88f1c91..4961686519 100644 --- a/gen/41/48.md +++ b/gen/41/48.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He gathered up ## +# He gathered up ... He put -"Joseph gathered" +Here "He" stands for Joseph's servants. AT: "Joseph ordered his servants to gather ... They put" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Joseph stored up grain like the sand of the sea ## +# Joseph stored up grain like the sand of the sea -"The grain that Joseph stored was as plentiful as the sand on the seashore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This compares the grain to the sand of sea to emphasize its great quantity. AT: "The grain that Joseph stored was as plentiful as the sand on the seashore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Joseph stored up ... he stopped + +Here "Joseph" and "he" stand for Joseph's servants. AT: "Joseph had his servants store up ... they stopped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/50.md b/gen/41/50.md index a3ef0dbe8f..461cbdf65f 100644 --- a/gen/41/50.md +++ b/gen/41/50.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## whom Asenath ## +# before the years of famine came -See how "Asenath" was translated in verse [Genesis 41:44](./44.md). +This speaks about years as if they are something that travels and comes to a place. AT: "before the seven years of the famine began" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the daughter of Potiphera ## +# Asenath -See how Potiphera was translated in verse [Genesis 41:44](./44.md). +"Asenath" is the name of the woman whom Pharaoh gave to Joseph as his wife. See how you translated this is [Genesis 41:45](./44.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## priest of On ## +# daughter of Potiphera -See how this phrase was translated in verse [Genesis 41:44](./44.md). \ No newline at end of file +"Potiphera" is the father of Asenath. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45](./44.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# priest of On + +On is a city, also called Heliopolis, which was "the City of the Sun" and the center of worship of the sun god Ra. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45](./44.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Manasseh + +Translators may also add a footnote that says, "The name 'Manasseh' means 'to cause to forget.'" + +# father's household + +This refers to Joseph's father Jacob and his family. + +# Ephraim + +Translators may also add a footnote that says, "The name 'Ephraim' means 'to be fruitful' or 'to have children.'" + +# made me fruitful + +Here "fruitful" means to prosper or to have children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in the land of my affliction + +The abstract noun "affliction" can be stated as "I have suffered." AT: "in this land where I have suffered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/53.md b/gen/41/53.md index b61b18aa08..45035ad214 100644 --- a/gen/41/53.md +++ b/gen/41/53.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## in all lands ## +# in all lands -In all the surrounding nations beyond Egypt including the land of Canaan. \ No newline at end of file +In all the surrounding nations beyond Egypt, including the land of Canaan. + +# but in all the land of Egypt there was food + +It is implied that there was food because of Joseph commanded his people to store food during the seven good years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/55.md b/gen/41/55.md index 2e99eb0950..5b9bed0c07 100644 --- a/gen/41/55.md +++ b/gen/41/55.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## When all the land of Egypt was famished ## +# When all the land of Egypt was famished -"When all the Egyptians were starving" +Here "land" stands for the people. AT: "When all the Egyptians were starving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## The famine was over all the face of the whole land ## +# The famine was over all the face of the whole land -"The famine had spread throughout the land" +The word "face" refers to the surface of the land. AT: "The famine had spread throughout the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## storehouses ## +# Joseph opened all the storehouses and sold to the Egyptians -buildings where grain was stored for future use +Here "Joseph" stands for Joseph's servants. AT: "Joseph had his servants open all the storehouses and sell grain to the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## severe ## +# All the earth was coming to Egypt -very harsh +Here "earth" stands for the people from all regions. AT: "People were coming to Egypt from all the surrounding regions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## All the earth was coming to Egypt ## +# in all the earth -"people were coming from all the regions around Egypt" - -## in all the earth ## - -"throughout the land". It is likely that all the different trading partners and nations that were part of the Egyptian trading routes effected by the drought came to Egypt for grain. \ No newline at end of file +"throughout the land." It is likely that all the different trading partners and nations that were part of the Egyptian trading routes effected by the drought came to Egypt for grain. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/41/intro.md b/gen/41/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3dc59259c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/41/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Genesis 41 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's power ##### +The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +##### Interpretation of dreams ##### +The interpretation of dreams was important in the ancient Near East. It was seen as possible only through divine power. Yahweh gave Joseph the power to interpret dreams in order to bring himself glory and to protect Joseph and the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) + +##### Joseph's character ##### +Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph's ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph's character in this chapter is upright. It gained him great favor in the eyes of Pharaoh and helped to save his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]l, [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/upright]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 41:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../40/intro.md) | [>>](../42/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/01.md b/gen/42/01.md index 2e9cbf75aa..e4b5701d17 100644 --- a/gen/42/01.md +++ b/gen/42/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Now Jacob became... ## +# Now Jacob became -"now" marks a new part of the story. +The word "Now" marks a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Why do you look at one another?" ## +# Why do you look at one another? -Jacob uses a question to scold his sons for not doing anything about the grain. Alternate translation: "Do not just sit here!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jacob uses a question to scold his sons for not doing anything about the grain. AT: "Do not just sit here!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Lest harm may perhaps happen to him ## +# Go down there ... went down -Benjamin is Jacob's youngest son from Rachel whom he loved. "Something bad might happen to him" \ No newline at end of file +It was common to speak of going from Canaan to Egypt as going "down." + +# from Egypt + +Here "Egypt" refers to the people selling grain. AT: "from those selling grain in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Benjamin, Joseph's brother, Jacob did not send + +Benjamin and Joseph had the same father and mother. Jacob did not want to risk sending Rachel's last son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/05.md b/gen/42/05.md index a61843f0b2..5312519428 100644 --- a/gen/42/05.md +++ b/gen/42/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## The sons of Israel came ## +# The sons of Israel came to buy among those who came -There are two possible meanings 1) "The narrative breaks at v5 and is told from the perspective of being in Egypt" (ULB) or 2) "The narrative breaks after v5 and is told from the perspective of being in Canaan" (UDB). +The word "came" can be translated as "went." Also, the words "grain" and "Egypt" are understood. AT: "The sons of Israel went to by grain along with other people who went to Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## The sons of Israel came to buy among those who came ## - -“The sons of Israel were among many others who came to buy grain in Egypt” - -## Now Joseph... ## +# Now Joseph "Now" marks a change from the story to background information about Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## over the land ## +# over the land -"over the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "land" refers to Egypt. AT: "over Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## all the people of the land ## +# all the people of the land -"all the people of all the nations that came to buy grain" \ No newline at end of file +Here "land" includes Egypt and other surrounding countries. AT: "all the people of all the nations that came to buy grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Joseph's brothers came + +Here "came" can be translated as "went." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# bowed down to him with their faces to the ground + +This is a way of showing respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/07.md b/gen/42/07.md index 9d38946fef..52c269b23b 100644 --- a/gen/42/07.md +++ b/gen/42/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Joseph saw his brothers and recognized them ## +# Joseph saw his brothers and recognized them "When Joseph saw his brothers, he recognized them" -## he disguised himself to them ## +# he disguised himself to them "he acted like he was not their brother" or "he did not let them know that he was their brother" -## "Where have you come from?" ## +# Where have you come from? This was not a rhetorical question even though Joseph knew the answer. It was part of his choice to keep his identity from his brothers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/09.md b/gen/42/09.md index 9825297e58..e64a7447e3 100644 --- a/gen/42/09.md +++ b/gen/42/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## the dreams that he had dreamed ## - -See how you translated the similar phrase in [Genesis 37:5](../37/05.md). - -## You are spies ## +# You are spies Spies are people who secretly try to get information about a country to help another country. -## You came to see the undefended parts of the land ## +# You have come to see the undefended parts of the land -"You came to find out where we are not guarding our land" +The full meaning can be stated explicitly. AT: "You have come to find out where we are not guarding our land so that you can attack us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Your servants ## +# my master -The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. \ No newline at end of file +This is a way to refer to someone to honor them. + +# Your servants have + +The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. AT: "We, your servants, have" or "We have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/12.md b/gen/42/12.md index 931adcc8e2..5ea7a20a76 100644 --- a/gen/42/12.md +++ b/gen/42/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## He said to them ## +# He said to them "Joseph said to his brothers" -## No, but you have come to see the undefended parts of the land ## +# No, you have come to see the undefended parts of the land -"No, you have come to find out where we are not guarding our land" +The full meaning can be stated explicitly. AT: "No, you have come to find out where we are not guarding our land so that you can attack us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## twelve brothers ## +# twelve brothers "12 brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the youngest is this day with our father ## +# See, the youngest -"today the youngest is with our father" +"Listen to us, the youngest." The word "See" is used to emphasize what they say next. -## and one brother lives no longer ## +# the youngest is this day with our father -"and one brother is no longer alive" \ No newline at end of file +"right now our youngest brother is with our father" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/14.md b/gen/42/14.md index 84319bc7ab..47b8b4c6ef 100644 --- a/gen/42/14.md +++ b/gen/42/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## It is what I said to you; you are spies ## +# It is what I said to you; you are spies -"Like I already said, you are spies." See how you translated "spies" in [Genesis 42:9](./09.md). +"like I already said, you are spies." See how you translated "spies" in [Genesis 42:9](./09.md). -## By this you will be tested ## +# By this you will be tested -Alternate translation: "This is how I will test you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is how I will test you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## By the life of Pharaoh ## +# By the life of Pharaoh -This phrase indicates a solemn oath. Alternate translation: "I swear by the life of Pharaoh" +This phrase indicates a solemn oath. AT: "I swear by the life of Pharaoh" -## Send one of yourselves and let him get your brother ## +# Send one of yourselves and let him get your brother -"Send one from among you to get your brother" +"Choose one of you to go get your brother" -## You will be bound that your words may be tested ## +# You will remain in prison -Alternate translation: "I will put the rest of you in prison so that I may find out if you are telling the truth" +"The rest of you will remain in prison" -## or else by the life of Pharaoh surely you are spies ## +# that your words may be tested, whether there is truth in you -"if not, by the life of Pharaoh, surely you are spies" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that I may find out if you are telling the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in custody + +"in prison" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/18.md b/gen/42/18.md index c884cc3871..e93078ac05 100644 --- a/gen/42/18.md +++ b/gen/42/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Do this and live ## +# on the third day -"If you will do what I say, I will let you live" +The word "third" is an ordinal number. AT: "after the second day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## let one of your brothers be confined in this prison ## +# Do this and live -Alternate translation: "leave one of your brothers here in prison" +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "If you will do what I say, I will let you live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## but you go ## +# fear God -"but the rest of you go" +This refers to deeply respecting God and showing that respect by obeying him. -## carry grain for the famine of your houses ## +# let one of your brothers be confined in this prison -Alternate translation: "carry grain home to help your family during this famine" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "leave one of your brothers here in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## so your words will be verified ## +# but you go -Alternate translation: "so I may know what you say is true." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "you" is plural and refers to all the brothers that will not stay in prison. AT: "but the rest of you go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# carry grain for the famine of your houses + +Here "houses" stands for families. AT: "carry grain home to help your family during this famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so your words will be verified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so I may know what you say is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will not die + +This implies that Joseph would have his soldiers execute the brothers if he finds out they are spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/21.md b/gen/42/21.md index 1870ed1fb9..163cba6476 100644 --- a/gen/42/21.md +++ b/gen/42/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## in that we saw the distress of his soul ## +# in that we saw the distress of his soul -The word "soul" to refer to Joseph. Alternate translation: "because we saw that Joseph was in distress." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "soul" stands for Joseph. AT: "because we saw how distressed Joseph was" or "because we saw that Joseph was suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## "Did I not tell you, 'Do not sin against the boy,' but you would not listen? ## +# Therefore this distress has come upon us -Reuben uses a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "I told you not to hurt the boy, but you would not listen!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The abstract noun "distress" can be stated as the verb "suffering." AT: "That is why we are suffering like this now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## his blood is required of us ## +# Did I not tell you, 'Do not sin against the boy,' but you would not listen? -"blood" refers to Joseph's death. His brothers thought Joseph was dead. Alternate translation: "Now we are getting what we deserve for his death." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Reuben uses a question to scold his brothers. AT: "I told you not to hurt the boy, but you would not listen!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did I not tell you, 'Do not sin against the boy,' + +This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Did I not tell you not to sin against the boy," or "I told you not to harm the boy," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Now, see + +Here "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but both "Now" and "see" are used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# his blood is required of us + +Here "blood" stands for Joseph's death. His brothers thought Joseph was dead. The phrase "is required of us" means they must be punished for what they did. AT: "we are getting what we deserve for his death" or "we are suffering for having killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/23.md b/gen/42/23.md index 44d1c9f541..db1c470d39 100644 --- a/gen/42/23.md +++ b/gen/42/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## an interpreter ## +# They did not know ... an interpreter between them + +This shifts from the main storyline to background information that explains why the brothers thought Joseph could not understand them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# an interpreter An "interpreter" is someone who translates what one person says into another language. Joseph placed an interpreter between himself and his brothers to make it seem like he did not speak their language. -## spoke to them ## +# He turned from them and wept -Joseph was still speaking a different language and using the interpreter to speak to his brothers. +It is implied that Joseph wept because he was emotional after hearing what his brothers said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## bound him before their eyes ## +# spoke to them -Here "eyes" refers to their sight. Alternate translation: "bound him in their sight" or "bound him as they watched." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Joseph was still speaking a different language and using the interpreter to speak to his brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to give them provisions ## +# bound him before their eyes + +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. AT: "bound him in their sight" or "bound him as they watched" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to give them provisions "to give them the supplies they needed" -## It was done for them ## +# It was done for them -"The servants did for them everything that Joseph commanded" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The servants did for them everything that Joseph commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/26.md b/gen/42/26.md index 02a428ce2b..9e7e492269 100644 --- a/gen/42/26.md +++ b/gen/42/26.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## As one of them opened his sack to give his donkey feed in the lodging place, he saw his money. Behold, it was in the opening of his sack. ## +# As one of them opened his sack to give his donkey feed in the lodging place, he saw his money. Behold, it was in the opening of his sack "When they stopped at a place for the night, one of the brothers opened his sack to get food for his donkey. In the sack he saw his money!" -## Behold ## +# Behold -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## My money has been put back ## +# My money has been put back -Alternate translation: "Someone has put my money back." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone has put my money back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Look at it; it is in my sack ## +# Look at it "Look in my sack!" -## And their hearts sank ## +# Their hearts sank -Alternate translation: "And they became very afraid." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +To become afraid is spoken of as if their heart were sinking. Here "hearts" stands for courage. AT: "They became very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/29.md b/gen/42/29.md index 2f97ee4115..0e794cd44c 100644 --- a/gen/42/29.md +++ b/gen/42/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## spoke roughly ## +# lord of the land + +"the lord of Egypt" + +# spoke roughly "spoke harshly" -## we were spies ## +# we were spies -See how you translated "spies" in [Genesis 42:9](./09.md). +Spies are people who secretly try to get information about a country to help another country. See how you translated "spies" in [Genesis 42:9](./09.md). -## One is no longer alive ## +# We said to him, 'We are honest men. We are not spies. We are twelve brothers, sons of our father. One is no longer alive ... land of Canaan.' -The word "brother" is understood. Alternate translation: "One brother is no longer alive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "We told him that we are honest men and not spies. We said that we are twelve brothers, sons of our father, and that one brother is no longer alive ... land of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## and the youngest is this day ## +# One is no longer alive -"and the youngest brother is now" \ No newline at end of file +The word "brother" is understood. AT: "One brother is no longer alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the youngest is this day with our father + +The word "brother" is understood. AT: "the youngest brother is with our father right now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/33.md b/gen/42/33.md index 4189ea39ad..001797d2a6 100644 --- a/gen/42/33.md +++ b/gen/42/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## take grain for the famine in your houses ## +# the lord of the land -Alternate translation: "take grain home to help your family during the famine" +"The lord of Egypt" -## go your way ## +# take grain for the famine in your houses -"go" or "leave" +Here "houses" stands for "family." AT: "take grain to help your family during the famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and you will trade in the land ## +# go your way -"and I will allow you to buy and sell in this land" \ No newline at end of file +"go home" or "leave" + +# you will trade in the land + +"I will allow you to buy and sell in this land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/35.md b/gen/42/35.md index 372a78bc21..0cd8fc94cb 100644 --- a/gen/42/35.md +++ b/gen/42/35.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## It came about ## +# It came about This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here shows that the brothers were surprised by what they saw. Alternate translation: "to their surprise" +"to their surprise." The word "behold" here shows that the brothers were surprised by what they saw. -## bundles of money ## +# You have bereaved me of my children -"bags of silver coins" +"you have deprived me of my children" or "you have caused me to lose two of my children" -## You have bereaved me of my children ## +# All these things are against me -"You have deprived me of my children" or "You have caused me to lose two of my children" - -## All these things are against me ## - -"All these things hurt me" \ No newline at end of file +"all these things hurt me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/37.md b/gen/42/37.md index 5071b8717b..9041a98298 100644 --- a/gen/42/37.md +++ b/gen/42/37.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Put him under my authority ## +# Put him in my hands -"Put me in charge of him" +This is a request for Reuben to take Joseph with him and to care for him on the journey. AT: "Put me in charge of him" or "Let me take care of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## My son will not go down with you ## +# My son will not go down with you -"My son will not go with you to Egypt." In 42:8 the word "you" is plural and refers to Jacob's older sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +It was common to use the phrase "go down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. AT: "My son, Benjamin, will not go with you to Egypt" -## For his brother is dead and he alone is left ## +# with you -The full meaning can be made explicit: "For my wife, Rachel, only had two children. Joseph is dead and Benjamin is the only one left." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "you" is plural and refers to Jacob's older sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## then you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to Sheol ## +# For his brother is dead and he alone is left -Here "gray hair" refers to Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Also, "bring down...to Sheol" is another way of saying "cause to die." Alternate translation: "then you will cause me, an old man, to die of sorrow." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The full meaning can be made explicit. AT: "For my wife, Rachel, only had two children. Joseph is dead and Benjamin is the only one left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# on the road in which you go + +"while you a traveling to Egypt and back" or "while you are away." Here "road" stands for traveling. + +# then you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to Sheol + +To "bring down ... to Sheol" is way of saying they will cause him to die and go to Sheol. He uses the word "down" because it was commonly believed sheol is somewhere underground. AT: "then you will cause me, an old man, to die of sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my gray hair + +This stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. AT: "me, an old man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/42/intro.md b/gen/42/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5ce8641139 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/42/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Genesis 42 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Famine ##### +Apparently this famine extended beyond Egypt and encompassed the land of Canaan too. Because of Egypt's size and power, it would not have been unusual for people to go there in times of need. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Joseph's test ##### +Joseph tests his brothers to see if they are good. They treat their brother Benjamin better than they treated Joseph and tried to protect him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 42:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../41/intro.md) | [>>](../43/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/01.md b/gen/43/01.md index c88cb60569..fa0503c002 100644 --- a/gen/43/01.md +++ b/gen/43/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## The famine was severe in the land ## +# The famine was severe in the land -"The famine was severe in the land of Canaan" +The word "Canaan" is understood. This information can be made explicit. AT: "The famine was severe in the land of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## It came about ## +# It came about -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## when they had eaten ## +# when they had eaten "when Jacob and his family had eaten" -## they had brought ## +# they had brought -"Jacob's older sons" \ No newline at end of file +"Jacob's older sons had brought" + +# buy us + +Here "us" refers to Jacob, his sons, and the rest of the family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/03.md b/gen/43/03.md index 1c41aec12a..9bd365cca7 100644 --- a/gen/43/03.md +++ b/gen/43/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Judah told him ## +# Judah told him "Judah told his father Jacob" -## solemnly warned us ## +# The man -"was very serious when he warned us saying" +This refers to Joseph, but the brothers did not know it was Joseph. They referred to him as "the man" or "the man, the lord of the land" as in [Genesis 42:30](../42/29.md). -## your brother is with you ## +# warned us, 'You will not see my face unless your brother is with you.' + +This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "warned us that we would not see his face unless we brought our youngest brother with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# solemnly warned us + +"was very serious when he warned us, saying" + +# You will not see my face + +Judah uses this phrase twice in 43:3-5 to emphasize to his father that they cannot return to Egypt without Benjamin. The phrase "my face" refers to the man, who is Joseph. AT: "You will not see me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# your brother is with you Judah is referring to Benjamin, Rachel's last born before she died. -## You will not see my face ## +# we will not go down -Judah uses this phrase twice in 43:3-5 to emphasize to his father that they cannot return to Egypt without Benjamin. The phrase "my face" refers to the man, who is Joseph. Alternate translation: "You will not see me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## For the man ## - -"for the man in command of all the food sales" \ No newline at end of file +It was common to use the phrase "go down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/06.md b/gen/43/06.md index 75e4ebeb2e..f3a3682e3c 100644 --- a/gen/43/06.md +++ b/gen/43/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Why did you treat me so badly as to tell the man that you had another brother? ## +# Why did you treat me so badly -Israel uses a question to scold his sons. Alternate translation: "You should not have told the man that you have another brother and caused me all of this trouble!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"Why did you cause me so much trouble" -## The man asked details ## +# The man asked details "The man asked many questions" -## We answered him according to these questions ## +# about us + +Here "us" is exclusive and refers to the brothers who went to Egypt and spoke with "the man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# He said, 'Is your father still alive? Do you have another brother?' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "He asked us directly if our father was still alive and if we had another brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# We answered him according to these questions "We answered the questions he asked us" -## How could we have known that he would say ## +# How could we have known that he would say ... down? -The sons use a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "We did not know he would say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The sons use a question emphasize that the did not know what the man would tell them to do. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We did not know he would say ... down!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he would say, 'Bring your brother down?' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "he would tell us to bring our brother down to Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Bring your brother down + +It was common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/08.md b/gen/43/08.md index 074adff806..42503db4af 100644 --- a/gen/43/08.md +++ b/gen/43/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## We will rise and go that we may live and not die, both we, you, and also our children ## +# We will rise and go that we may live and not die, both we, you, and also our children -"We will go now to Egypt and get grain so our whole family will live" +The phrases "we may live" and "not die" mean the same thing. Judah is emphasizing that they have to buy food in Egypt in order to survive. AT: "We will go now to Egypt and get grain so our whole family will live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## I will be a guarantee for him ## +# We will rise -"I will promise to bring him back" +Here "We" refers to the brothers who will travel to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## You will hold me responsible ## +# we may live -"You will make me answer to you about what happens to Benjamin" +Here "we" refers to the brothers, Israel, and the whole family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## let me bear the blame ## +# both we -"you may blame me" +Here "we" refers to the brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## we would have come back here a second time ## +# we, you -"we would have returned twice" +Here "you" is singular and refers to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## For if we had not delayed ## +# also our children -Judah is describing something that could have happened in the past but did not. Judah is scolding his father for waiting so long to send his sons to Egypt to get more food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "our" refers to the brothers. This refers to the small children who were most likely to die during a famine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# I will be a guarantee for him + +The abstract noun "guarantee" can be stated as the verb "promise." AT: "I will promise to bring him back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# You will hold me responsible + +How Jacob will hold Judah responsible can be stated clearly. AT: "You will make me answer to you about what happens to Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let me bear the blame + +This speaks about "blame" as if it were an object that a person has to carry. AT: "you may blame me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For if we had not delayed + +Judah is describing something that could have happened in the past but did not. Judah is scolding his father for waiting so long to send his sons to Egypt to get more food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# we would have come back here a second time + +"we would have returned twice" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/11.md b/gen/43/11.md index 990e2a82a5..89b53045fd 100644 --- a/gen/43/11.md +++ b/gen/43/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## If it be so, now do this ## +# If it be so, now do this "If this is our only choice, then do it" -## balm...spices and myrrh ## +# Carry down -See how you translated these words in [Genesis 37:25](../37/25.md). +It was common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. -## honey ## +# balm -a sweet substance made by bees +an oily substance with a sweet smell used for healing and protecting skin. See how you translated this word in [Genesis 37:25](../37/25.md). AT: "medicine" -## pistachio nuts ## +# spices -a small, green tree nut +"seasonings." See how you translated these words in [Genesis 37:25](../37/25.md). -## almonds ## +# pistachio nuts -a tree nut with a sweet flavor +a small, green tree nut (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## take double money in your hand ## +# almonds -"take double the money with you" +a tree nut with a sweet flavor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## The money that was returned in the opening of your sacks, carry again in your hand ## +# Take double money in your hand -"Take back to Egypt the money you found in your sacks" \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" stands for the whole person. AT: "Take double the money with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The money that was returned in the opening of your sacks, carry again in your hand + +Here "hand" stands for the whole person. The phrase "that was returned" can be stated in active form. AT: "take back to Egypt the money someone put in your sacks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/13.md b/gen/43/13.md index 2160b9be9e..6bf3c80f5a 100644 --- a/gen/43/13.md +++ b/gen/43/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Take also your brother ## +# Take also your brother "Take also Benjamin" -## go again ## +# go again "return" -## your other brother ## +# May God Almighty give you mercy before the man + +The abstract noun "mercy" can be stated as the adjective "kind." AT: "May God Almighty cause the man to be kind to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your other brother "Simeon" -## If I am bereaved of my children, I am bereaved ## +# If I am bereaved of my children, I am bereaved "If I lose my children, then I lose my children." This means that Jacob knows he must accept whatever happens to his sons. -## double money in their hand ## +# in their hand they took -"double the money with them" \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" refers to the entire person. AT: "they took" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# went down to Egypt + +It was common to use the phrase "went down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/16.md b/gen/43/16.md index f79e27d1ea..6901072164 100644 --- a/gen/43/16.md +++ b/gen/43/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Benjamin with them ## +# Benjamin with them "Benjamin with Joseph's older brothers" -## the steward of his house ## +# the steward of his house -the "steward" was responsible for managing Joseph's household activities. +The "steward" was responsible for managing Joseph's household activities. -## to Joseph's house ## +# He brought the men + +Here "brought" can be translated as "took." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# to Joseph's house "into Joseph's house" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/18.md b/gen/43/18.md index 10bda7e4a5..702fe57268 100644 --- a/gen/43/18.md +++ b/gen/43/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## The men were afraid ## +# The men were afraid "Joseph's brothers were afraid" -## to Joseph's house ## +# they were brought to Joseph's house -"into Joseph's house" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they were going into Joseph's house" or "the steward was taking them into Joseph's house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## It is because of the money that was returned in our sacks the first time ## +# It is because of the money that was returned in our sacks the first time we were brought in -Alternate translation: "This is happening because of the money that someone put back in our sacks the first time we were here." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The steward is bringing us into the house because of the money that someone put back in our sacks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that he ## +# that he may seek an opportunity against us. He might arrest us -"that Joseph" +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "He is waiting for the opportunity to accuse us, so that he might arrest us" -## we were brought in, that he may seek an opportunity against us ## +# we came down -This can be translated as a new sentence: "They are bringing us in here so that he may have the chance to accuse us." - -## they went near to the steward ## - -"they approached the steward" \ No newline at end of file +It is common to use the phrase "came down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/21.md b/gen/43/21.md index 26851d2f5c..94a9a745d3 100644 --- a/gen/43/21.md +++ b/gen/43/21.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## It came about ## +# Connecting Statement: + +The brothers continue speaking to the steward of the house. + +# It came about This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## when we reached to the lodging place ## +# when we reached the lodging place "when we came to the place that we were going to stay for the night" -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here shows that the brothers were surprised by what they saw. +The word "behold" here shows that the brothers were surprised by what they saw. -## every man’s money was in the opening of his sack, our money in full weight ## +# every man's money was in the opening of his sack, our money in full weight -"every man found the full amount of his money in his sack" +"each one of us found the full amount of his money in his sack" -## we have brought it back in our hands ## +# We have brought it back in our hands -"So we have brought the money back with us" +Here "hands" stands for the whole person. AT: "We have brought the money back with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## other money ## +# Other money we have also brought down in our hand to buy food -"More money" \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" stands for the whole person. AT: "We have also brought more money to buy food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# brought down + +It common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. + +# Peace be to you + +The abstract noun "Peace" can be stated as a verb. AT: "Relax" or "Calm yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Your God and the God of your father + +The stewards is not speaking about two different Gods. AT: "Your God, the God your father worships" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/24.md b/gen/43/24.md index caabfa1f7f..2fbfe53e84 100644 --- a/gen/43/24.md +++ b/gen/43/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## washed their feet ## +# washed their feet -This custom helped tired travelers to refresh themselves after walking long distances. +This custom helped tired travelers to refresh themselves after walking long distances. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## feed to their donkeys ## +# feed to their donkeys -dry food that is set aside for animals. \ No newline at end of file +"Feed" is dry food that is set aside for animals \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/26.md b/gen/43/26.md index 8515f10fc0..f1318e497d 100644 --- a/gen/43/26.md +++ b/gen/43/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## they brought the gifts which were in their hand ## +# they brought the gifts which were in their hand -"the brothers brought the gifts that were in their possession" \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" stands for the entire person. AT: "the brothers brought the gifts they had with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# bowed down before him + +This is a way of showing honor and respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/28.md b/gen/43/28.md index 2843439911..ffaeee2829 100644 --- a/gen/43/28.md +++ b/gen/43/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## he lifted up his eyes ## +# Your servant our father -This means "He looked up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +They refer to their father as "Your servant" to show respect. AT: "Our father who serves you" -## his mother's son, saying ## +# They prostrated and bowed down -This could be translated with a new sentence: "his mother's son. Joseph said." +These words basically mean the same thing. They laid down in front of the man to show him respect. AT: "They bowed down in front of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Is this your youngest brother... ## +# he lifted up his eyes -Possible meanings are 1) "It is a rhetorical question with the alternate translation: 'So this is your youngest brother...'." 2) "Joseph sought confirmation that the man was indeed Benjamin, his brother." +This means "he looked up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## God be gracious ## +# his mother's son, and he said -"May God be gracious" +This can be translated with a new sentence. AT: "his mother's son. Joseph said" -## my son ## +# Is this your youngest brother ... me? -This is a friendly way one man speaks to another man of lower rank. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Joseph is truly asking a question to confirm that this man is Benjamin, or 2) it is a rhetorical question. AT: "So this is your youngest brother ... me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# my son + +This is a friendly way one man speaks to another man of lower rank. AT: "young man" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/30.md b/gen/43/30.md index 0d7795acae..bf3b0591c8 100644 --- a/gen/43/30.md +++ b/gen/43/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## hurried to go out of the room ## +# hurried to go out of the room -"hurried out" +"hurried out of the room" -## for he was deeply moved about his brother ## +# for he was deeply moved about his brother -The phrase "deeply moved" refers to a strong feeling or emotion a person gets when something important happens. Alternate translation: "for he had strong feelings of compassion for his brother" or "for he had strong feelings of affection for his brother." +The phrase "deeply moved" refers to having a strong feeling or emotion when something important happens. AT: "for he had strong feelings of compassion for his brother" or "for he had strong feelings of affection for his brother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## saying ## +# saying -"and said" \ No newline at end of file +It can be made explicit to whom Joseph is speaking. AT: "and said to his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Serve the food + +This means to distribute the food so that people may eat. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/32.md b/gen/43/32.md index 7298ccf0a5..21a25c7714 100644 --- a/gen/43/32.md +++ b/gen/43/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## The servants served Joseph by himself and the brothers by themselves. The Egyptians there ate with him by themselves ## +# The servants served Joseph by himself and the brothers by themselves. The Egyptians there ate with him by themselves -“The servants served Joseph by himself and the brothers by themselves and the Egyptians, who were eating with him, by themselves" +This means that Joseph, the brothers, and the other Egyptians are eating in three different places within the same room. AT: "The servants served Joseph by himself and the brothers by themselves and the Egyptians, who were eating with him, by themselves" -## because the Egyptians could not eat bread with the Hebrews, for that is detestable to the Egyptians ## +# The Egyptians there ate with him by themselves -This could be translated as a new sentence: "They did this because the Egyptians thought it was shameful to eat with the Hebrews." +These are probably other Egyptian officials who ate with Joseph, but they still sat separately from him and the Hebrew brothers. -## The men were astonished together ## +# because the Egyptians could not eat bread with the Hebrews, for that is detestable to the Egyptians -"The men were very surprised when they realized this" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated as a new sentence: "They did this because the Egyptians thought it was shameful to eat with the Hebrews" + +# could not eat bread + +Here "bread" stands for food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The brothers sat before him + +It is implied that Joseph had arranged where each brother would sit. You can make clear the implied information. AT: "The brothers sat across from the man, according to how he arranged their places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the firstborn according to his birthright, and the youngest according to his youth + +The "firstborn" and the "youngest" are used together to mean all the brothers were sitting in order according to their age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# The men were astonished together + +"The men were very surprised when they realized this" + +# But Benjamin's portion was five times as much as any of his brothers + +The phrase "five times" can be stated more generally. AT: "But Benjamin received a portion that was much bigger than what his brothers received" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/43/intro.md b/gen/43/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..410d110a2d --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/43/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Genesis 43 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel's concern ##### +Israel is concerned over his favored son, Benjamin. He is also confused about the reason the Egyptian official treated them so kindly. This caused him some concern. It is possible he thought his sons were lying to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 43:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../42/intro.md) | [>>](../44/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/01.md b/gen/44/01.md index db7da68d66..59f2f555ae 100644 --- a/gen/44/01.md +++ b/gen/44/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## every man’s money ## +# General Information: -These were silver coins most likely in a small sack. +This begins a new event in the story. Most likely this is the next morning after the feast. -## in his sack’s opening ## +# steward of his house + +The "steward" was responsible for managing Joseph's household activities. + +# every man's money + +Their money was silver coins most likely in a small bag. + +# in his sack's opening "in his sack" -## Put my cup, the silver cup ## +# Put my cup, the silver cup "Put my silver cup" -## in the sack’s opening of the youngest ## +# in the sack's opening of the youngest -"in the youngest brother's sack" \ No newline at end of file +The word "brother" is understood. AT: "in the youngest brother's sack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/03.md b/gen/44/03.md index 6fdbbe518f..05804b788e 100644 --- a/gen/44/03.md +++ b/gen/44/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## The morning dawned ## +# The morning dawned "The morning light shown" -## the men were sent away, they and their donkeys ## +# the men were sent away, they and their donkeys -"the men, with their donkeys, were sent on their way" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they sent the men away, along with their donkeys" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Why have you returned evil for good? ## +# Why have you returned evil for good? -"Why have you treated us badly after we were good to you?" +This question is used to scold the brothers. AT: "You have treated us badly, after we were good to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Is this not cup from which my lord drinks, and the cup that he uses for divination? ## +# Is this not the cup from which my master drinks, and the cup that he uses for divination? -The steward uses a question to scold the brothers. Alternate translation: "This is the cup that my lord uses for drinking and for fortune telling." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is used to scold the brothers. AT: "You already know that this is the cup that my master uses for drinking and for fortune telling!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## You have done evil, this thing that you have done. ## +# You have done evil, this thing that you have done -"What you have done is evil" \ No newline at end of file +This repeats "you have done" for emphasis. AT: "What you have done is very evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/06.md b/gen/44/06.md index 798f6de0ac..b6bf5c8d0a 100644 --- a/gen/44/06.md +++ b/gen/44/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Why does my lord speak such words as these ## +# spoke these words to them -The brothers refer to the steward as "my lord." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "Why are you saying this, my lord?" +"spoke what Joseph told him to say" -## Far be it from your servants that they would do such a thing ## +# Why does my master speak such words as these? -The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants" and "they." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "We would never do such a thing." \ No newline at end of file +Here "words" stands for what was said. The brothers refer to the steward as "my master." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in the second person. AT: "Why are you saying this, my master?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Far be it from your servants that they would do such a thing + +The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants" and "they." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. AT: "We would never do such a thing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Far be it from your servants + +Something that a person would never do is spoken of as if it were an object that person wants to put very far from himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/08.md b/gen/44/08.md index 929242b00c..fd97be0393 100644 --- a/gen/44/08.md +++ b/gen/44/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## Look, the money that we found in our sacks’ openings ## +# Look -"You know the money that we found in our sacks" +This adds emphasis to what the brothers say next. -## we brought again to you out of the land of Canaan ## +# the money that we found in our sacks' openings -"we brought back to you from Canaan!" +"you know the money that we found in our sacks" -## How then could we steal out of your lord’s house silver or gold? ## +# we brought again to you out of the land of Canaan -The brothers use a question to emphasize that they would not steal from the lord of Egypt. Alternate translation: "So we would never take anything from your lord's house!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"we brought back to you from Canaan" -## With whomever of your servants it is found ## +# How then could we steal out of your master's house silver or gold? -The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "If you find that one of us has stolen the cup." +The brothers use a question to emphasize that they would not steal from the lord of Egypt. AT: "So we would never take anything from your master's house!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## we also will be my lord’s slaves ## +# silver or gold -The phrase "my lord" refers to the steward. Alternate translation: "you may take us as your slaves." +These words are used together to mean that they would not steal anything of any value. -## Now also let it be according to your words ## +# With whomever of your servants it is found -"Very well. I will do what you said" \ No newline at end of file +The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in the first person. Also, "is is found" can be stated in active form. AT: "If you find that one of us has stolen the cup" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we also will be my master's slaves + +The phrase "my master" refers to the steward. This can be stated in the second person. AT: "you may take us as your slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Now also let it be according to your words + +"Very well. I will do what you said." Here "now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# He with whom the cup is found will be my slave + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If I find the cup in one of your sacks, that person will be my slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/11.md b/gen/44/11.md index 0a9b3bfa24..09bd664be6 100644 --- a/gen/44/11.md +++ b/gen/44/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## brought his sack down ## +# brought his sack down "lowered his sack" -## the oldest…the youngest ## +# the oldest ... the youngest -The word "brother" is understood. Alternate translation: "the oldest brother…the youngest brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The word "brother" is understood. AT: "the oldest brother ... the youngest brother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## and the cup was found in Benjamin’s sack ## +# youngest, and the cup was found in Benjamin's sack -This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: "The steward found the cup in Benjamin's sack." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated as a new sentence and in active form. AT: "youngest. The steward found the cup in Benjamin's sack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Then they tore their clothes ## +# Then they tore their clothes -The word "they" refers to the brothers. See how you translated the similar phrase in [Genesis 37:29](../37/29.md). +The word "they" refers to the brothers. Tearing clothes was a sign of great distress and sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## and returned ## +# returned -"and they returned" \ No newline at end of file +"they returned" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/14.md b/gen/44/14.md index f542e7e16a..7b1504347d 100644 --- a/gen/44/14.md +++ b/gen/44/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## He was still there ## +# He was still there "Joseph was still there" -## they bowed before him ## +# they bowed before him -"they fell before him" +"they fell before him." This is a sign of the brothers wanting the lord to be merciful to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Do you not know that a man like me practices divination? ## +# Do you not know that a man like me practices divination? -Joseph uses a question to scold his brothers. Alternate translation: "Surely you know that a man like me can learn things by magic!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Joseph uses a question to scold his brothers. AT: "Surely you know that a man like me can learn things by magic!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/16.md b/gen/44/16.md index c2f74c5cf5..ddda7926c2 100644 --- a/gen/44/16.md +++ b/gen/44/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## my lord ## +# What can we say to my master? What can we speak? Or how can we justify ourselves? -This refers to Joseph. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "What can we say to you, my lord?" +All 3 questions mean basically the same thing. They use these questions to emphasize that there is nothing they can say to explain what happened. AT: "We have nothing to say, my master. We cannot speak anything of value. We cannot justify ourselves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## God has found out the iniquity of your servants ## +# What can we say to my master ... my master's slaves -Here "found out" does not mean God just found out what the brothers did. It means God is now punishing them for what they did. Alternate translation: "God is punishing us for our past sins" +Here "my master" refers to Joseph. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in second person. AT: "What can we say to you ... your slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## and he also in whose hand the cup was found ## +# God has found out the iniquity of your servants -Alternate translation: "and the one who had your cup" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "found out" does not mean God just found out what the brothers did. It means God is now punishing them for what they did. AT: "God is punishing us for our past sins" -## Far be it from me that I should do so ## +# the iniquity of your servants -"It is not like me to do something like that" +The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in first person. AT: "our iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## The man in whose hand the cup was found ## +# he also in whose hand the cup was found -Alternate translation: "The man who had my cup." \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" stands for the whole person. Also, "was found" can be stated in active form. AT: "the one who had your cup" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Far be it from me that I should do so + +Something that a person would never do is spoken of as if it were an object the person wants put far away from him. AT: "It is not like me to do something like that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The man in whose hand the cup was found + +Here "hand" stands for the whole person. Also, "was found" can be stated in active form. AT: "The man who had my cup" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/18.md b/gen/44/18.md index aaa3e26d3d..2e37e328ce 100644 --- a/gen/44/18.md +++ b/gen/44/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## came near to ## +# came near to "approached" -## let your servant ## +# let your servant -Judah refers to himself as "your servant." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. Alternate tranlsation: "let me, your servant" +Judah refers to himself as "your servant." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. This can be stated in first person. AT: "let me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## speak a word in my lord’s ears ## +# speak a word in my master's ears -"speak to you, my lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "ear" is a synecdoche that stands for the whole person. AT: "speak to you, my master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## do let your anger burn against your servant ## +# in my master's ears -"please do not be angry with me, your servant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "my master" refers to Joseph. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. This can be stated in second person. AT: "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## for you are just like Pharaoh ## +# do let your anger burn against your servant -"for you are as powerful as Pharaoh" or "for you are equal to Pharaoh" +Being angry is spoke of as if it were a burning fire. AT: "please do not be angry with me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## My lord asked his servants ## +# for you are just like Pharaoh -Judah refers to Joseph with the words "my lord" and "his." He also refers to himself and his brothers as "his servants." Alternate translation: "You, my lord, asked us, your servants" or "You asked us" \ No newline at end of file +Judah compares the master to Pharaoh to emphasize the great power that the master has. He is also implying that he does want the master to become angry and execute him. AT: "for you are as powerful as Pharaoh and could have your soldiers kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# My master asked his servants, saying, 'Do you have a father or a brother?' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "My master asked us if we have a father or a brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# My master asked his servants + +Judah refers to Joseph with the words "my master" and "his." He also refers to himself and his brothers as "his servants." AT: "You, my master, asked us, your servants" or "You asked us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/20.md b/gen/44/20.md index a9ccf3babd..251b0bb12d 100644 --- a/gen/44/20.md +++ b/gen/44/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Judah continues to speak before Joseph -## we said to my lord ## +# We said to my master, 'We have a father ... his father loves him.' -Judah refers to Joseph as "my lord." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "we said to you, my lord" +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "And we said to my master that we have a father ... his father loves him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## And you said to your servants ## +# we said to my master -Judah refers to himself and his brothers as "your servants." Alternate translation: "Then you said to us, your servants." \ No newline at end of file +Judah refers to Joseph as "my master." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. AT: "we said to you, my master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# his father loves him + +This refers to love for a friend or family member. + +# Then you said to your servants, 'Bring him down to me that I may see him.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "And you said to your servants that we should bring our youngest brother to you so that you may see him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Then you said to your servants + +Judah refers to himself and his brothers as "your servants." AT: "Then you said to us, your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Bring him down to me + +It was common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. AT: "Bring him to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# After that, we said to my master, 'The boy cannot ... father would die.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "In response, we said to my master that the boy cannot ... father would die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# his father would die + +It is implied that their father would die from sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/23.md b/gen/44/23.md index cbecfb005e..c9778890e2 100644 --- a/gen/44/23.md +++ b/gen/44/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + Judah continues his story to Joseph -## And you said to your servants ## +# Then you said to your servants, 'Unless your youngest brother comes down with you, you will not see my face again.' -Judah refers to himself and his brothers as “your servants.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “Then you said to us, your servants.” +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Then you said to your servants that unless our youngest brother comes with us, we would not see you again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## you will not see my face ## +# Then you said to your servants -See how you translated this in [Genesis 43:3](../43/03.md). +Judah refers to himself and his brothers as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. AT: "Then you said to us, your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## And it came about ## +# comes down ... go down -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +It was common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. -## we told him the words of my lord ## +# you will not see my face again -Judah refers to Joseph as "my lord." Alternate translation: "we told him what you said, my lord." \ No newline at end of file +Here "face" stands for the whole person. AT: "you will not see me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Then it came about + +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# we went up to your servant my father + +It was common to use the phrase "went up" when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan. + +# we told him the words of my master + +Judah refers to Joseph as "my master." AT: "we told him what you said, my master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Our father said, 'Go again, buy us some food.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Our father told us to go again to Egypt to buy food for us and our families." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Then we said, 'We cannot go down. If our youngest brother ... is with us.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Then we said to him that we cannot go down to Egypt. We told him that if our youngest brother is with us ... is with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# to see the man's face + +Here "face" stands for the whole person. AT: "to see the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/27.md b/gen/44/27.md index b8e49550b3..4ebfe115a6 100644 --- a/gen/44/27.md +++ b/gen/44/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Judah continues his story to Joseph -## said to us ## +# said to us, 'You know that my wife bore me two sons. One of them went out from me and I said, "Surely he is torn in pieces, and I have not seen him since." Now if you also take this one from me, and harm comes to him, you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to Sheol.' -"us" does not include Joseph. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +This has a two level and three level quotation. They can be stated as indirect quotations. AT: "said to us that we know that his wife, Rachel, bore him only two sons, and that one of them went out and an animal tore him to pieces, and he has not seen him since. Then he said that if we take his other son and something bad happens to him, then we would cause him to die of sorrow." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## you know ## +# said to us -"you"refers to Judah. +Here "us" does not include Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## And if you take this one also from me ## +# You know -"you" refers to Judah, "this one" refers to Benjamin, and "me" refers to Jacob. +Here "You" is plural and refers to the brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to sheol ## +# he is torn in pieces -See how you translated this in [Genesis 42:37](../42/37.md). \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a wild animal has torn him to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# harm comes to him + +Something bad happening to a person is spoken of as if "harm" were something that travels and comes to a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to Sheol + +To "bring down ... to Sheol" is way of saying they will cause him to die and go to Sheol. He uses the word "down" because it was commonly believed Sheol is somewhere underground. AT: "then you will cause me, an old man, to die of sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my gray hair + +This stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. AT: "me, an old man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/30.md b/gen/44/30.md index 34bbac22cc..e73822c8c1 100644 --- a/gen/44/30.md +++ b/gen/44/30.md @@ -1,35 +1,47 @@ -## Now, therefore, when I come ## +# Now -Judah is describing to Joseph a realistic but hypothetical case of what he will expect will happen to Jacob when he returns without Benjamin. +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## the lad is not with us ## +# therefore, when I come ... sorrow to Sheol + +Judah is describing to Joseph a realistic but hypothetical case of what he will expect will happen to Jacob when he returns without Benjamin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# when I come to your servant + +Here "come" can be translated as "go" or "return." + +# the lad is not with us "the boy is not with us" -## since his life is bound up in the boy’s life ## +# since his life is bound up in the boy's life -"since he said he would die if the boy did not come back" +The father saying he would die if his son died is spoken of as if their two lives were physically bound together. AT: "since he said he would die if the boy did not come back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## it will come about ## +# it will come about -Judah is speaking about a hypothecial case in the future as if it would certainly happen. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +Judah is speaking about a hypothetical case in the future as if it would certainly happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## And your servants will bring down the gray hair of your servant our father with sorrow to Sheol ## +# Your servants will bring down the gray hair of your servant our father with sorrow to Sheol -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 42:37](../42/37.md). +To "bring down ... to Sheol" is way of saying they will cause him to die and go to Sheol. He uses the word "down" because it was commonly believed Sheol is somewhere underground. AT: "And we will have caused our old father to die of sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## And your servants ## +# Your servants -Judah refers to himself and his brothers as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "And we, your servants" or "And we." +Judah refers to himself and his brothers as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. AT: "And we, your servants" or "And we" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## For your servant ## +# the gray hair of your servant our father -Judah refers to himself as "your servant." Alternate translation: "For I, your servant" or "For I." +Here "gray hair" stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. AT: "our old father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## became a guarantee for the boy to my father ## +# For your servant became a guarantee for the boy to my father -"made a promise about the boy to my father" +The abstract noun "guarantee" can be stated with the verb "promised." AT: "For I promised my father concerning the boy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## then I will bear the guilt to my father ## +# For your servant -"then my father may blame me" \ No newline at end of file +Judah refers to himself as "your servant." AT: "For I, your servant" or "For I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# then I will bear the guilt to my father + +Being considered guilty is spoken of as if "guilt" were something that a person carries. AT: "then my father may blame me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/33.md b/gen/44/33.md index 1ab8cb9867..eb3ea50a8d 100644 --- a/gen/44/33.md +++ b/gen/44/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## let your servant ## +# Now -Judah refers to himself as "your servant." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "let me, your servant" or "let me." +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## to my lord ## +# let your servant -Judah refers to Joseph as "my lord." Alternate translation: "to you, my lord" or "to you." +Judah refers to himself as "your servant." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. AT: "let me, your servant" or "let me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## For how can I go up to my father if the boy is not with me? ## +# to my master -Judah uses a question to emphasize the grief he would have if Benjamin did not return home. Alternate translation: "I cannot return to my father if the boy is not with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Judah refers to Joseph as "my master." AT: "to you, my master" or "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# let the boy go up + +It was going to use the phrase "go up" when speaking about traveling from Egypt to Canaan. + +# For how can I go up to my father if the boy is not with me? + +Judah uses a question to emphasize the grief he would have if Benjamin did not return home. AT: "I cannot return to my father if the boy is not with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I am afraid to see the evil that would come on my father + +A person suffering terribly is spoken of as if "evil" were a thing that comes upon a person. AT: "I am afraid to see how much my father would suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/44/intro.md b/gen/44/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3bd5ea8366 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/44/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Genesis 44 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Judah's sacrifice ##### +Judah is willing to sacrifice himself in order to save Benjamin, the favored son of Jacob. Judah's descendants will become the leaders of the Israelites and the godliest of the twelve tribes of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Joseph's test ##### + +Joseph tests his brothers to see if they are good. They treat their brother Benjamin better than they treated Joseph and tried to protect him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 44:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../43/intro.md) | [>>](../45/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/01.md b/gen/45/01.md index fce43c5201..0f9138d2df 100644 --- a/gen/45/01.md +++ b/gen/45/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## by him ## +# could not control himself + +This means he could not control his emotions. It can be stated in positive form. AT: "was about to start crying" + +# by him "near him" -## house of Pharaoh ## +# house of Pharaoh -"household of Pharaoh" or "everyone in Pharaoh's palace" +Here "house" stands for the people in the Pharaoh's palace. AT: "everyone in Pharaoh's palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## shocked in his presence ## +# shocked in his presence "terrified of him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/04.md b/gen/45/04.md index ed952124c8..a6be56122d 100644 --- a/gen/45/04.md +++ b/gen/45/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## whom you sold into Egypt ## +# whom you sold into Egypt -Alternate translation: "whom you sold as a slave and sent to Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The meaning can be stated more explicitly. AT: "whom you sold as a slave to the trader who brought me to Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## do not be grieved ## +# Do not be grieved "do not be upset" or "do not be distressed" -## to preserve life ## +# that you sold me here -"so I could save lives" +The meaning can be stated more explicitly. AT: "that you sold me as a slave and sent me here to Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## there are still five years in which there will be neither plowing nor harvest ## +# to preserve life -"there will be five more years without planting or harvesting." Alternate translation: "and the famine will last five more years" \ No newline at end of file +Here "life" stands for the people that Joseph saved from dying during the famine. AT: "so I could save many lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there are still five years in which there will be neither plowing nor harvest + +"there will be five more years without planting or harvesting." Here "neither plowing nor harvest" stands for the fact that the crops still will not grow because of the famine. AT: "and the famine will last five more years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/07.md b/gen/45/07.md index 5315dbf1c8..6ed7356f6a 100644 --- a/gen/45/07.md +++ b/gen/45/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## to preserve you as a remnant in the earth ## +# to preserve you as a remnant in the earth -"to save for you a remnant in the earth" or "to make sure your descendants would survive" (UDB) +"so that you and your families would not completely perish from the earth" or "to make sure your descendants would survive" -## with a great deliverance ## +# to keep you alive by a great deliverance -"by delivering you in a mighty way" +The abstract noun "deliverance" can be stated as "rescuing." AT: "to keep you alive by rescuing you in a mighty way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## he has made me a father to Pharaoh ## +# he has made me a father to Pharaoh -Joseph is compared to a father because he advised and helped guide Pharaoh like a father does a son. Alternate translation: "he has made me a guide to Pharaoh" or "he has made me the chief adviser to Pharaoh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Joseph advising and helping Pharaoh is spoken of as if Joseph were Pharaoh's father. AT: "he has made me a guide to Pharaoh" or "he has made me the chief adviser to Pharaoh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## of all his house ## +# of all his house -"of all his household" or "of all his palace" \ No newline at end of file +Here "house" stands for the people who live in his palace. AT: "of all his household" or "of all his palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# ruler of all the land of Egypt + +Here "land" stands for the people. AT: "ruler over all the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# ruler + +Here Joseph means that he is ruler in second place to Pharaoh, the king of Egypt. This understood information can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/09.md b/gen/45/09.md index f455cb1f04..f2c4946657 100644 --- a/gen/45/09.md +++ b/gen/45/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## go up ## +# go up to my father -"go back" or "go north" +It was common to use the phrase "go up" when speaking about going from Egypt to Canaan. AT: "go back to my father" -## come down ## +# say to him, 'This is what your son Joseph says, "God has ... all that you have -"come here" or "come south" +This is a quotation with three layers. It can be simplified to two layers. AT: "tell him that this is what I said: 'God has ... all that you have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## come to poverty ## +# Come down to me -"waste away" or "starve" \ No newline at end of file +It was common to use the phrase "come down" when speaking about going from Canaan to Egypt. AT: "Come here to me" + +# come to poverty + +This speaks about "poverty" as if it were a destination. AT: "waste away" or "starve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/12.md b/gen/45/12.md index 5660a88058..6a6027cc7f 100644 --- a/gen/45/12.md +++ b/gen/45/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## your eyes see, and the eyes of my brother Benjamin ## +# your eyes see, and the eyes of my brother Benjamin -The word "eyes" refers to the brothers and Benjamin. Alternate translation: "All of you and Benjamin see that it is me, Joseph, your brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "eyes" stands for the entire person. AT: "All of you and Benjamin can see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## that it is my mouth that speaks to you ## +# that it is my mouth that speaks to you -Joseph uses the word "mouth" to refer to himself. Alternate translation: "that I, Joseph, am speaking to you." +The word "mouth" stands for the entire person. AT: "that I, Joseph, am speaking to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## about all my power ## +# about all my honor in Egypt -"how I am greatly honored" +"how the people in Egypt greatly honor me" -## my father down here ## +# my father down here -"my father here to me" \ No newline at end of file +It was common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. AT: "my father here to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/14.md b/gen/45/14.md index 1744fe1b51..141b06f973 100644 --- a/gen/45/14.md +++ b/gen/45/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## He hugged his brother Benjamin’s neck and wept, and Benjamin wept on his neck ## +# He hugged his brother Benjamin's neck and wept, and Benjamin wept on his neck "Joseph hugged his brother Benjamin, and they both wept" -## After that his brothers talked with him ## +# He kissed all his brothers -"After that his brothers talked freely with him" \ No newline at end of file +In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate. + +# wept over them + +This means Joseph was crying while he kissed them. + +# After that his brothers talked with him + +Earlier they were too afraid to speak. Now they feel they can speak freely. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "After that his brothers talked freely with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/16.md b/gen/45/16.md index 6fa1d98517..0e5dd31294 100644 --- a/gen/45/16.md +++ b/gen/45/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## The news of the matter was told in Pharaoh’s house: "Joseph’s brothers have come." ## +# The news of the matter was told in Pharaoh's house: "Joseph's brothers have come." -Alternate translation: "Everyone in Pharaoh's palace heard that Joseph's brothers had come." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. It may also be stated in active form. AT: "Everyone in Pharaoh's palace heard that Joseph's brothers had come." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I will give you the good of the land of Egypt ## +# Pharaoh's house + +This stands for Pharaoh's palace. + +# Say to your brothers, 'Do this: Load your animals and go to the land of Canaan. Get your father and your households and come to me. I will give you the good of the land of Egypt, and you will eat the fat of the land.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Tell your brothers to load their animals and go to Canaan to get their father and families. Tell them to come here, and I will give them the best land in Egypt and the best food we have to offer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# I will give you the good of the land of Egypt "I will give you the best land in Egypt" -## and you will eat the fat of the land ## +# you will eat the fat of the land -"and you will eat the best food in the land" \ No newline at end of file +The best food that a land produces is spoken of as if it were the fat portion of the land. AT: "you will eat the best food in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/19.md b/gen/45/19.md index a31e990385..d5d461d3a6 100644 --- a/gen/45/19.md +++ b/gen/45/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Pharaoh continues to tell Joseph what to tell his brothers. -## Now you are commanded ## +# Now -"I also command you" \ No newline at end of file +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# you are commanded, 'Do this, take carts out of the land of Egypt for your children and for your wives. Get your father and come. Do not be concerned about your possessions, for the good of all the land of Egypt is yours.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "also tell them to take carts out of the land of Egypt for their children and wives, and to get their father and come here. They should not worry about bringing their possessions, for I will give them the best things we have in Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# you are commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I also command you to tell them" or "also tell them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# take carts out + +"Carts" are wagons with two or four wheels. Animals pull the carts. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/21.md b/gen/45/21.md index 0cedd8bba3..7008cf70fc 100644 --- a/gen/45/21.md +++ b/gen/45/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## and gave them provisions for the journey ## +# gave them provisions for the journey -"and gave them what they needed for traveling" +"gave them what they needed for traveling" -## three hundred pieces ## +# he gave each man changes of clothing -"300 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +Each man received a set of clothes except for Benjamin who received 5 sets of clothes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# three hundred pieces + +"300 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# ten donkeys ... and ten female donkeys + +The donkeys were included as part of the gift. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/24.md b/gen/45/24.md index 337df938ae..2a51996b97 100644 --- a/gen/45/24.md +++ b/gen/45/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## do not quarrel ## +# do not quarrel -"do not argue on the way. Alternate translation: "do not become afraid" +Possible meanings include 1) "do not argue" and 2) "do not become afraid" -## And his heart was astonished ## +# went up out of Egypt -"and he was astonished" or "he was very surprised" \ No newline at end of file +It was common to use the word "up" when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan. + +# he is ruler over all the land of Egypt + +Here "land of Egypt" stands for the people of Egypt. AT: "he rules all the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# His heart was astonished + +Here "heart" stands for the whole person. AT: "and he was astonished" or "he was very surprised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he could not believe what they told him + +"he did not accept that what they said was true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/27.md b/gen/45/27.md index e5db678b8b..d5296cccea 100644 --- a/gen/45/27.md +++ b/gen/45/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## They told him ## +# They told him "They told Jacob" -## all the words of Joseph that he had said to them ## +# all the words of Joseph that he had said to them "everything that Joseph had said to them" -## the spirit of Jacob their father revived ## +# the spirit of Jacob their father revived -The word "spirit" refers to Jacob. Alternate translation: "Jacob their father recovered" or "Jacob their father became very excited." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "spirit" stands for the whole person. AT: "Jacob their father recovered" or "Jacob their father became very excited" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/45/intro.md b/gen/45/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ba8559c5dd --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/45/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Genesis 45 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Joseph finally reveals himself to his brothers in this chapter. This chapter forms the conclusion of the story which began in chapter 43. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's power ##### +The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +##### Joseph's character ##### +Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph's ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph's character in this chapter is upright. It gained him great favor in the eyes of Pharaoh and helped to save his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 45:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../44/intro.md) | [>>](../46/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/01.md b/gen/46/01.md index 390ddc7b6a..220d146cb6 100644 --- a/gen/46/01.md +++ b/gen/46/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## went to Beersheba ## +# went to Beersheba "came to Beersheba" -## into Egypt ## +# Here I am + +"Yes, I am listening" + +# to go down to Egypt + +It was common to use the phrase "go down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. + +# I will make you a great nation + +The "you" is singular and refers to Jacob. Here Jacob refers to his descendants that will become a large nation. AT: "I will give you many descendants, and they will become a great nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# into Egypt "to Egypt" -## I will surely bring you up again ## +# I will surely bring you up again -The promise was made to Israel (Jacob). But the promise would be fulfilled to all of Israel's descendants. Alternate translation: "I will surely bring your descendants out of Egypt again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The promise was made to Jacob, but the promise would be fulfilled to all of Israel's descendants. AT: "I will surely bring your descendants out of Egypt again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## And Joseph will close your eyes with his own hand ## +# bring you up again -The phrase "close you eyes" refers to Joseph will be present when Israel dies and it will be Joseph who will close your eyelids when you die. Alternate translation: "And Joseph will even be present with you at the time of your death." \ No newline at end of file +It was common to use the word "up" when speaking about traveling from Egypt to Canaan. + +# Joseph will close your eyes with his own hand + +The phrase "close you eyes with his own hand" is a way of saying that Joseph will be present when Israel dies and it will be Joseph who will close Jacob's eyelids at the time of his death. AT: "Joseph will even be present with you at the time of your death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will close your eyes + +It was a custom to pull down the eyelids when a person died with their eyes open. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/05.md b/gen/46/05.md index 7d24c9fd0e..484d0a09ad 100644 --- a/gen/46/05.md +++ b/gen/46/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## rose up from ## +# rose up from "set out from" -## they had accumulated ## +# in the carts -"they had acquired" (UDB) or "they had gained" +"Carts" are wagons with two or four wheels. Animals pull the carts. See how you translated "carts" in [Genesis 45:19](../45/19.md). -## He brought with him ## +# they had accumulated + +"they had acquired" or "they had gained" + +# He brought with him "Jacob brought with him" -## his sons' sons ## +# his sons' sons "his grandsons" -## his sons' daughters ## +# his sons' daughters "his granddaughters" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/08.md b/gen/46/08.md index 49973da8d0..d28e3226b9 100644 --- a/gen/46/08.md +++ b/gen/46/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## These are the names ## +# These were the names -This refers to the names of the people that follow. +This refers to the names of the people that the author is about to list. -## of the children of Israel who came to Egypt ## +# of the children of Israel -"of the descendants of Israel who came to Egypt" +"of Israel's family members" -## Hanoch...Pallu...Hezron...Carmi...Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar...Shaul...Gershon, Kohath, Merari ## +# Hanok, Pallu, Hezron, and Karmi ... Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jakin, Zohar, and Shaul ... Gershon, Kohath, and Merari These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/12.md b/gen/46/12.md index 747a89ceaf..9a708485ec 100644 --- a/gen/46/12.md +++ b/gen/46/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Er, Onan, Shelah ## +# Er, Onan, Shelah -See how you translated these names in [Genesis 38:3](../38/03.md). +These were the sons of Judah by his wife, Shua. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 38:3-5](../38/03.md). -## Perez, Zerah ## +# Perez, and Zerah -See how you translated these names in [Genesis 38:29](../38/29.md). +These were the sons of Judah by his daughter-in-law, Tamar. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 38:29-30](../38/29.md). -## Hezron...Hamul, Tola, Puvah, Lob...Shimron...Sered, Elon...Jahleel ## +# Hezron ... Hamul ... Tola, Puah, Lob ... Shimron ... Sered, Elon ... Jahleel These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Dinah ## +# Dinah -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 30:19](../30/19.md). +This is the name of Leah's daughter. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 30:21](../30/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## All the souls of his sons and his daughters were thirty-three in number ## +# His sons and his daughters numbered thirty-three -three in number** - The word "soul" refers to the person. Here "sons" and "daughters" refer to his sons, daughters, and grandchildren. Alternate translation: "Altogether he had 33 sons and daughters." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "sons" and "daughters" refer to Jacob's sons, daughters, and grandchildren related to Leah. AT: "Altogether he had 33 sons, daughters, and grandchildren" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/16.md b/gen/46/16.md index 11046baaae..ac000783e9 100644 --- a/gen/46/16.md +++ b/gen/46/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Ziphion..Haggi, Shuni...Ezbon, Er, Arodi...Areli...Imnah...Ishvah, Ishvi...Beriah...Heber...Malchiel ## +# Zephon ... Haggi, Shuni ... Ezbon, Eri, Arodi ... Areli ... Imnah ... Ishvah, Ishvi ... Beriah ... Heber ... Malkiel These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Serah ## +# Serah -This is the name of a woman. +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Zilpah ## +# Zilpah -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:23](../29/23.md). +This is the name of Leah's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24](../29/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## These she bore to Jacob, sixteen persons ## +# These sons she bore to Jacob—sixteen in all -This refers to 16 children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren that were related to Zilpah. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to 16 children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren that were related to Zilpah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/19.md b/gen/46/19.md index 43fcbd22ad..18669d19d1 100644 --- a/gen/46/19.md +++ b/gen/46/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Asenath ## +# Asenath -This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Asenath" is the name of the woman whom Pharaoh gave to Joseph as his wife. See how you translated this is [Genesis 41:45](../41/44.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Potiphera priest of On ## +# Potiphera -See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:44](../41/44.md). +"Potiphera" is the father of Asenath. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45](../41/44.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Bela, Becher, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim, and Ard ## +# priest of On + +On is a city, also called Heliopolis, which was "the City of the Sun" and the center of worship of the sun god Ra. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45](../41/44.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bela, Beker, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim, and Ard These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## All these persons were fourteen in number ## +# fourteen in all -This refers to the 14 sons and grandsons related to Rachel. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the 14 sons and grandsons related to Rachel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/23.md b/gen/46/23.md index 7ab6a482f6..93a34f7ed7 100644 --- a/gen/46/23.md +++ b/gen/46/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Hushim...Jahzeel, Guni, Jezer...Shillem ## +# Hushim ... Jahziel, Guni, Jezer ... Shillem These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Bilhah ## +# Bilhah -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:28](../29/28.md). +This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## All these persons were seven in number ## +# seven in all -This refers to the 7 children and grandchildren related to Bilhah. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the 7 children and grandchildren related to Bilhah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/26.md b/gen/46/26.md index a28b16a448..891401c731 100644 --- a/gen/46/26.md +++ b/gen/46/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## sixty-six ## +# sixty-six -six** - "66" +"66" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## besides ## +# seventy -"which excludes" or "not counting" - -## house of Jacob ## - -"Jacob's family" or "Jacob's household" - -## seventy ## - -"70" \ No newline at end of file +"70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/28.md b/gen/46/28.md index 0eed867976..e53a737a24 100644 --- a/gen/46/28.md +++ b/gen/46/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## to show the way before him to Goshen ## +# to show the way before him to Goshen "to show them the way to Goshen" -## hugged his neck, and wept on his neck a long time ## +# Joseph prepared his chariot and went up + +Here "Joseph" stands for his servants. AT: "Joseph's servants prepared his chariot and Joseph went up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# went up to meet Israel + +The phrase "went up" is used because Joseph is traveling to a higher elevation to meet his father. AT: "went to meet Israel" + +# hugged his neck, and wept on his neck a long time "put his arms around his father, and wept for a long time" -## Now let me die ## +# Now let me die -"Now I am ready to die." Alternate translation: "Now my life is complete" +"Now I am ready to die" or "Now I will die happy" -## since I have seen your face, that you are still alive ## +# since I have seen your face, that you are still alive -Jacob was expressing joy at seeing Joseph not just Joseph's face. "since I have seen you alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "face" stands for the entire person. Jacob was expressing joy at seeing Joseph. AT: "since I have seen you alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/31.md b/gen/46/31.md index 627d9636af..5c0c9b24d5 100644 --- a/gen/46/31.md +++ b/gen/46/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## his father's house ## +# his father's house -"his father's household" or "his father's family" +Here "house" stands for his family. AT: "his father's family" or "his father's household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and tell Pharaoh, saying ## +# I will go up and tell Pharaoh -"and say to Pharaoh" \ No newline at end of file +It was common to use the phrase "go up" when referring to someone going to speak with someone with greater authority. AT: "I will go tell Pharaoh" + +# tell Pharaoh, saying, 'My brothers ... all that they have.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "tell Pharaoh that my brothers ... all that they have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/33.md b/gen/46/33.md index 76199c1378..364c62a889 100644 --- a/gen/46/33.md +++ b/gen/46/33.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## It will come about ## +# It will come about This phrase is used here to mark an important event that is about to happen in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Your servants ## +# asks, 'What is your occupation?' that you should say -Joseph's family are to refer to themselves as "your servants" when they speak to Pharaoh. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "We, your servants." +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "asks you about what kind of work you do, you should say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## keepers of cattle ## +# you should say, 'Your servants have ... both we, and our forefathers.' -"keepers of livestock" +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "you should say that you have ... both you and your forefathers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyptians ## +# Your servants -"Egyptians think shepherds are disgusting" \ No newline at end of file +Joseph's family are to refer to themselves as "your servants" when they speak to Pharaoh. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in the first person. AT: "We, your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyptians + +The abstract noun "abomination" can be translated with the adjective "disgusting." AT: "Egyptians think shepherds are disgusting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/46/intro.md b/gen/46/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1475c64eb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/46/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Genesis 46 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Going to Egypt ##### +Yahweh allowed Israel to go to Egypt. He was to trust in Yahweh and his covenant faithfulness. God continued to bless them in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +##### Shepherds ##### + +Because of the regular flooding of the Nile River, Egypt's economy revolved around farming more than raising animals. Therefore, the Egyptians despised the nomadic lifestyle of shepherds. Joseph's instructions permitted the Hebrew people to live separately from the Egyptians. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 46:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../45/intro.md) | [>>](../47/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/01.md b/gen/47/01.md index d20a944548..eaa3428113 100644 --- a/gen/47/01.md +++ b/gen/47/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## He took five of his brothers... ## +# He took five of his brothers -The UDB reorders the event with Pharaoh chronologically, whereas the ULB lists the events as the author wrote it. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) \ No newline at end of file +The UDB reorders the event with Pharaoh chronologically, whereas the ULB lists the events as the author wrote it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/03.md b/gen/47/03.md index f07dbef768..61f8c0c5c0 100644 --- a/gen/47/03.md +++ b/gen/47/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## your servants ## +# Your servants are shepherds -Joseph's brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. Alternate translation: "We, your servants" +"Your servants shepherd flocks" -## as our ancestors ## +# Your servants + +Joseph's brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. This can be stated in first person. AT: "We, your servants" or "We" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# as our ancestors "both we and our forefathers" or "both we and our ancestors" -## We come as temporary residents in the land ## +# We come as temporary residents in the land "We have come to stay for a while in Egypt" -## There is no pasture ## +# There is no pasture -"There is no grass to eat" \ No newline at end of file +"There is no grass to eat" + +# now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/05.md b/gen/47/05.md index 0eb5b0bd30..9597a4f54b 100644 --- a/gen/47/05.md +++ b/gen/47/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## The land of Egypt is before you ## +# The land of Egypt is before you -"The land of Egypt is open to you" +"The land of Egypt is open to you" or "All of the land of Egypt is available to you" -## Settle your father and your brothers in the best region, the land of Goshen ## +# Settle your father and your brothers in the best region, the land of Goshen -"Settle your father and your brothers in the best part of the land, which is the land of Goshen." +"Settle your father and your brothers in the land of Goshen, which is the best region" -## If you know any capable men among them ## +# If you know any capable men among them -"If you know of any men among them who have great skill taking care of animals." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that they are capable of taking care of animals. AT: "If you know of any men among them who have great skill taking care of animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/07.md b/gen/47/07.md index 4883e693ac..6878eb0887 100644 --- a/gen/47/07.md +++ b/gen/47/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## How long have you lived? ## +# Jacob blessed Pharaoh + +Here "blessed" means to express a desire for positive and beneficial things to happen to that person. + +# How long have you lived? "How old are you?" -## The the years of my travels are a hundred and thirty ## +# The years of my travels are a hundred and thirty -The phrase "years of my travels" refers to how long he has lived on the earth. Alternate translation: "I have traveled on the earth for 130 years" or "I am 130 years old." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +The phrase "years of my travels" refers to how long he has lived on the earth traveling from one place to another. AT: "I have traveled on the earth for 130 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## have been few and painful ## +# The years of my life have been few ... not been as long as those of my ancestors -Jacob is referring to his father's lineage living even longer than himself. Jacob also reflects on his life having been filled with much hardship. \ No newline at end of file +Jacob means his life is short compared to the lives of Abraham and Isaac. + +# painful + +Jacob has experienced much pain and trouble during his life. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/11.md b/gen/47/11.md index 1f8be6007a..facfaad31b 100644 --- a/gen/47/11.md +++ b/gen/47/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Then Joseph settled his father and his brothers ## +# Then Joseph settled his father and his brothers -"Then Joseph took care of his father and his brothers" +"Then Joseph took care of his father and his brothers and helped them establish where they would live" -## the land of Rameses ## +# the land of Rameses This is another name for the land of Goshen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## according the number of their dependents ## +# according the number of their dependents -"according to how many people were in their families" \ No newline at end of file +Here, the word "dependents" means the small children in the family. AT: "according to how many small children were in their families" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/13.md b/gen/47/13.md index 874bd23170..745168c49c 100644 --- a/gen/47/13.md +++ b/gen/47/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about the famine in Canaan and Egypt. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story. -## The land of Egypt and the land of Canaan ## +# The land of Egypt and the land of Canaan -This refers to the people living in these lands. Alternate translation: "The people of Egypt and the people of Canaan." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the people living in these lands. AT: "The people of Egypt and the people of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## wasted away ## +# wasted away "became thin and weak" -## to Pharaoh's palace ## +# Joseph gathered all the money that was in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan, by selling grain to the inhabitants -"into Pharaoh's house" \ No newline at end of file +"The people of Egypt and Canaan spent all of their money buying grain from Joseph" + +# Joseph gathered ... Joseph brought + +Most likely Joseph ordered his servants to gather and bring the money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/15.md b/gen/47/15.md index 0b8c62c681..dd15e1a00c 100644 --- a/gen/47/15.md +++ b/gen/47/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## When all the money of the lands of Egypt and Canaan was spent ## +# When all the money of the lands of Egypt and Canaan was spent -Alternate translation: "When the people of Egypt and Canaan used up all their money." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "lands" stands for the people who live in the lands. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When the people of Egypt and Canaan used up all their money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## of the lands of Egypt and Canaan ## +# of the lands of Egypt and Canaan "from the land of Egypt and from the land of Canaan" -## Why should we die in your presence because our money is gone? ## +# Why should we die in your presence because our money is gone? -The people used a question to emphasize how desperate they are to buy food. Alternate translation: "Please, do not let us die because we have used up all of our money." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The people used a question to emphasize how desperate they are to buy food. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Please, do not let us die because we have used up all of our money!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## fed them with ## +# He fed them with bread -"provided them with" or "gave them" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Here "bread" stands for food in general. AT: "He gave them food" or "He provided them with food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/18.md b/gen/47/18.md index 0356baa92a..55c2f70853 100644 --- a/gen/47/18.md +++ b/gen/47/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## they came to him ## +# they came to him "the people came to Joseph" -## We will not hide from my lord ## +# We will not hide from my master -The people refer to Joseph as "my lord." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "We will not hide from you, our lord" +The people refer to Joseph as "my master." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in second person. AT: "We will not hide from you, our master" or "We will not hide from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## There is nothing left in the sight of my lord ## +# There is nothing left in the sight of my master -"We have nothing left to give you, our lord" +Here "sight" stands for Joseph himself. AT: "We have nothing left to give you, our master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Why should we die before your eyes, both we and our land? ## +# Why should we die before your eyes, both we and our land? -The word "eyes" refers to Joseph's sight. The people use a question to emphasize how desperate they are to buy food. Alternate translation: "Please do not just watch as we die and our land is ruined." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "eyes" refers to Joseph's sight. The people use a question to emphasize how desperate they are to buy food. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Please do not just watch as we die and our land is ruined!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why should we die ... both we and our land + +The land becomes useless and ruined because there is no seed to plant; thus it is spoken of as if the land would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/20.md b/gen/47/20.md index 0aaffaac43..60025a3630 100644 --- a/gen/47/20.md +++ b/gen/47/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## In this way, the land became Pharaoh's ## +# In this way, the land became Pharaoh's "So the land became Pharaoh's" -## It was only the land of the priests that Joseph did not buy ## +# It was only the land of the priests that Joseph did not buy "But he did not buy the land of the priests" -## the priests were given an allowance ## +# the priests were given an allowance -An "allowance" is an amount of money or food that some one regularly gives to another person. Alternate translation: "Pharaoh gave the priests a certain amount of food each day." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +An "allowance" is an amount of money or food that someone regularly gives to another person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Pharaoh gave the priests a certain amount of food each day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They ate from the allotment which Pharaoh gave them ## +# They ate from the allotment which Pharaoh gave them "They ate from what Pharaoh gave them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/23.md b/gen/47/23.md index 8dae3f95c2..88e3044ae2 100644 --- a/gen/47/23.md +++ b/gen/47/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## and you will plant ## +# and you will plant "that you might sow" -## At the harvest, you shall give a fifth to Pharaoh, and four parts shall be your own ## +# At the harvest, you must give a fifth to Pharaoh, and four parts will be your own -"Come harvest you will divide the crops into five parts. One part is to be given back to Pharaoh for payment and the four parts are for your own," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The word "fifth" is a fraction. AT: "At harvest time you will divide the crops into five parts. You will give one part back to Pharaoh for payment and the four parts are for your own" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -## for food for your households and your children ## +# for food for your households and your children -"for food for your households and for food for your children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can state clearly the understood information. AT: "for food for your households and for food for your children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/25.md b/gen/47/25.md index d4f240e096..8653a34c62 100644 --- a/gen/47/25.md +++ b/gen/47/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## May we find favor in your eyes. We will be Pharaoh's servants. ## +# May we find favor in your eyes -Alternate translation: "May we find favor before you and become Pharaoh's slaves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The phrase "find favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "May you be pleased with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the land of Egypt ## +# in the land of Egypt "over the land of Egypt" or "throughout the land of Egypt" -## one fifth ## +# to this day -Translate this the same way you did "a fifth" in [Genesis 47:23](./23.md). \ No newline at end of file +This means to the time that the author was writing this. + +# one-fifth + +See how you translated "a fifth" in [Genesis 47:24](./23.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/27.md b/gen/47/27.md index 75524b3b7f..80afb49e87 100644 --- a/gen/47/27.md +++ b/gen/47/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## They were fruitful and multiplied greatly ## +# They were fruitful and multiplied greatly The word "multiplied" explains how they were "fruitful." AT: "They had very many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## seventeen years ## +# were fruitful -"17 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "fruitful" means to prosper or to have children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# seventeen years + +"17 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# so the years of Jacob's life were one hundred forty-seven years + +"so Jacob lived to be 147 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/29.md b/gen/47/29.md index 127819b2c6..5a2f180dcf 100644 --- a/gen/47/29.md +++ b/gen/47/29.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## If now I have found favor in your sight ## +# When the time approached for Israel to die -"If I have found favor with you" or "If I have pleased you" (UDB) +This speaks about time as if it travels and comes to a place. AT: "When it was almost time for Israel to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## put your hand under my thigh ## +# If now I have found favor in your eyes -See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:1](../24/01.md). +Here "eyes" is a metonym for sight, and "sight" stands for thoughts or opinions. AT: "If I have found favor with you" or "If I have pleased you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## show me faithfulness and trustworthiness ## +# now -"treat me in a faithful and trustworthy manner." +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## Please do not bury me in Egypt ## +# found favor + +This means that someone is approved of by someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# put your hand under my thigh + +This act is a sign of making a serious promise. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:2](../24/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# show me faithfulness and trustworthiness + +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "treat me in a faithful and trustworthy manner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Please do not bury me in Egypt The word "please" adds emphasis to this request. -## When I sleep with my fathers ## +# When I sleep with my fathers -"When I die and join my family members who died before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Here "sleep" is a polite way to refer to dying. AT: "When I die and join my family members who died before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## swear to me ## +# Swear to me -"promise me" or "make an oath to me" +"Promise me" or "Make an oath to me" -## swore to him ## +# swore to him -"promised him" or "made an oath to him" - -## Israel bowed down at the head of his bed ## - -Possible meanings are 1) "Jacob bowed down his head in bed" (ULB) or 2) Jacob turned over in bed and prostrated himself on the bed (UDB) or 3) "Jacob bowed down while leaning on his walking stick" (Septuagint). \ No newline at end of file +"promised him" or "made an oath to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/47/intro.md b/gen/47/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fd60840f9b --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/47/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Genesis 47 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Abrahamic covenant ##### +Part of the Abrahamic covenant was that Yahweh would bless those who bless Abraham's descendants. Since Pharaoh cared for the Hebrew people, Yahweh blessed the Egyptians while the Hebrew people lived in Egypt. The Hebrew people also multiplied greatly as this covenant promised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### Jacob was not buried in Egypt ##### +In the ancient Near east, a person was typically buried in their hometown. Since Egypt was not the Israelites' home, Jacob did not wish to be buried in Egypt. This was a lesson to the Israelites that Canaan was their true home, the promised land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 47:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../46/intro.md) | [>>](../48/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/01.md b/gen/48/01.md index 04ab9669b9..9f29d98126 100644 --- a/gen/48/01.md +++ b/gen/48/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## It came about ## +# It came about -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## one said to Joseph ## +# one said to Joseph "someone said to Joseph" -## When Jacob was told ## +# Look, your father -"When someone told Jacob" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Listen, your father." Here the word "look" is used to get Joseph's attention. -## your son Joseph has arrived to see you ## +# So he took -"your son Joseph has come to you" \ No newline at end of file +"So Joseph took" + +# When Jacob was told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When someone told Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your son Joseph has arrived to see you + +"your son Joseph has come to you" + +# Israel gathered strength and sat up in bed + +Here the author speaks of Israel struggling to to sit up in bed as if he were gathering "strength" as someone gathers actual things. AT: "Israel made a great effort to sit up in bed" or "Israel struggled as he sat up in bed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/03.md b/gen/48/03.md index 8392582ee9..a21b0000b0 100644 --- a/gen/48/03.md +++ b/gen/48/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Luz ## +# Luz -See how you translated the name of this city in [Genesis 28:18](../28/18.md). +This is the name of a city. See how you translated the name of this city in [Genesis 28:19](../28/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in the land of Canaan. He blessed me and said to me ## +# in the land of Canaan. He blessed me and said to me -This can be translated with the new sentence starting in a different place: "in the land of Canaan, and he blessed me. And he said to me" +This can be translated with the new sentence starting in a different place. AT: "in the land of Canaan, and he blessed me. And he said to me" -## Behold ## +# blessed -“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +This refers to God pronouncing a formal blessing on someone. -## I will make you fruitful, and multiply you ## +# said to me, 'Behold, I will make you fruitful, and multiply you. I will make of you an assembly of nations. I will give this land to your descendants as an everlasting possession.' -The phrase "multiply you" explains how God would make Jacob "fruitful." AT: "I will give you very many descendants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "said to me that he would make me fruitful and multiply me. And, he said that he would make me an assembly of nations and he would give this land to my descendants as an everlasting possession." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## multiply you. I will make of you an assembly ## +# Behold -"multiply you, and I will make many nations come from you" +God used the word "behold" here to alert Jacob to pay attention to what he was about to tell him. -## an everlasting possession ## +# I will make you fruitful, and multiply you + +The phrase "multiply you" explains how God would make Jacob "fruitful." AT: "I will give you very many descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will make of you an assembly of nations + +Here "you" refers to Jacob, but it stands for Jacob's descendants. AT: "I will make your descendants into many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# an everlasting possession "a permanent possession" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/05.md b/gen/48/05.md index 55673b7bd0..821487d6d6 100644 --- a/gen/48/05.md +++ b/gen/48/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a new part of the story. +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## they will be listed under the names of their brothers in their inheritance ## +# Ephraim and Manasseh will be mine -This means the rest of Joseph's children would inherit land as part of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. Alternate translation: "As for their inheritance, you will list them under the names of their brothers. +Ephraim and Manasseh each will receive a portion of land just like Joseph's brothers. -## Ephrath ## +# they will be listed under the names of their brothers in their inheritance -See how you translated the name of this city in [Genesis 35:16](../35/16.md) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1)the rest of Joseph's children would inherit land as part of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh or 2) Joseph will be given separate land from Ephraim and Manasseh and Joseph's other children will inherit that land. AT: "as for their inheritance, you will list them under the names of their brothers" + +# Ephrath + +This is another name for the town of Bethlehem. See how you translated the name of this city in [Genesis 35:16](../35/16.md). + +# (that is, Bethlehem) + +The author is giving background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/08.md b/gen/48/08.md index 11e9ae6c59..6a8fe0cb4d 100644 --- a/gen/48/08.md +++ b/gen/48/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Whose are these? ## +# Whose are these? "Whose sons are these?" -## he kissed them ## +# bless -"Israel kissed them" +A father would often pronounce a formal blessing on his children or grandchildren. -## Now Israel' s eyes ## +# Now Israel's eyes ... could not see -The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "Now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# he kissed them + +"Israel kissed them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/11.md b/gen/48/11.md index 285247fd23..b5cfa1821f 100644 --- a/gen/48/11.md +++ b/gen/48/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## between Israel's knees ## +# to see your face again -When Joseph placed his sons on Israel's lap or knees it was a sign that Israel was adopting them. +Here "face" stands for the whole person. AT: "to see you again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## putting Manasseh on his left side toward Jacob's right hand ## +# between Israel's knees -Joseph places the boys so that Israel will put his right hand on Manasseh. Manasseh was the oldest brother and the right hand was the sign he would receive the greater blessing. \ No newline at end of file +When Joseph placed his sons on Israel's lap or knees it was a sign that Israel was adopting them. This gave the children special inheritance rights from Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# then he bowed with his face to the earth + +Joseph bowed down to show honor to his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Manasseh in his left hand toward Israel's right hand + +Joseph places the boys so that Israel will put his right hand on Manasseh. Manasseh was the oldest brother and the right hand was the sign he would receive the greater blessing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/14.md b/gen/48/14.md index 68318a791f..ddc658548a 100644 --- a/gen/48/14.md +++ b/gen/48/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## The God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked ## +# his right hand and laid it upon Ephraim's head -"The God who my grandfather Abraham and father Isaac served" +Placing the right hand on Ephraim's head was the sign that he would receive the greater blessing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## who has cared for me ## +# Israel blessed Joseph -God has taken care of Israel like a shepherd takes care of his sheep. Alternate translation: "who has cared for me like a shepherd cares for his animals." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "Joseph" also stands for Ephraim and Manasseh. Since Joseph is the father, he is the only one mentioned here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## protected me ## +# The God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked + +Serving God is spoken of as if it were walking before God. AT: "The God who my grandfather Abraham and father Isaac served" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who has cared for me + +God has taken care of Israel like a shepherd takes care of his sheep. AT: "who has cared for me like a shepherd cares for his animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the angel + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the angel that God sent to protect Jacob or 2) this refers to God who appeared in angel form to protect Jacob. + +# protected me "delivered me" -## May my name be named in them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac ## +# May my name be named in them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac -"May people remember Abraham, Isaac, and me because of Ephraim and Manasseh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" stands for the person. The phrase "my name be named in them" is an idiom that means a person is remembered because of another person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people remember Abraham, Isaac, and me because of Ephraim and Manasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# May they grow into a multitude on the earth + +Here "they" refers to Ephraim and Manasseh, but it stands for their descendants. AT: "May they have many descendants who will live all over the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/17.md b/gen/48/17.md index 77136055b8..51794abe35 100644 --- a/gen/48/17.md +++ b/gen/48/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Put your right hand upon his head ## +# Put your right hand upon his head -The right hand was the sign of the greater blessing which was supposed to go to the oldest son. \ No newline at end of file +The right hand was the sign of the greater blessing which the oldest son was supposed to receive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/19.md b/gen/48/19.md index 029ba7d2a8..eecb8315f0 100644 --- a/gen/48/19.md +++ b/gen/48/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## May God make you like Ephraim and like Manasseh ## +# He also will become a people, and he also will be great -Israel saying Ephraim's name first is another way he indicates that Ephraim will be greater than Manasseh. \ No newline at end of file +Here "He" refers to Manasseh, but it stands for his descendants. AT: "Your older son will have many descendants, and they will become a great people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that day with these words + +"that day, saying" + +# The people of Israel will pronounce blessings by your names saying + +"The people of Israel will speak your names when they are blessing others" + +# by your names saying, 'May God make you like Ephraim and like Manasseh' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "by your names. They will ask God to make others like Ephraim and like Manasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# like Ephraim and like Manasseh + +Israel saying Ephraim's name first is another way he indicates that Ephraim will be greater than Manasseh. + +# Israel put Ephraim before Manasseh + +Giving Ephraim the greater blessing and making him more important than Manasseh is spoken of as if Israel physically put Ephraim in front of Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/21.md b/gen/48/21.md index d530ed0a84..c58fbb7cad 100644 --- a/gen/48/21.md +++ b/gen/48/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## To you, as one who is above your brothers, I give ## +# will be with you ... bring you back ... your fathers -"Because you are greater than your brothers, I give to you" +Here "you" and "your" are plural and refer to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## the mountain slope that I took from the Amorites with my sword and my bow ## +# will be with you -"the portion of land I fought for and took from the Amorites" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that means God will help and bless the people of Israel. AT: "God will help you" or "God will bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will bring you back + +Here "bring" can be translated as "take." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# land of your fathers + +"land of your ancestors" + +# To you, as one who is above your brothers, I give to you the mountain slope + +Possible meanings are 1) Joseph having more honor and authority than his brothers is spoken of as if he were physically above them. AT: "To you, who is greater than your brothers, I give the mountain slope" or 2) Jacob means he is giving more land to Joseph than he is giving to Joseph's brothers. AT: "To you, I give one more ridge than I give your brothers. I give to you the mountain slope" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# To you + +Here "you" is singular and refers to Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the mountain slope that I took from the Amorites with my sword and my bow + +Here "sword" and "bow" stands for fighting in battle. AT: "the portion of land I fought for and took from the Amorites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/48/intro.md b/gen/48/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a02d501a29 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/48/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Genesis 48 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 48:15-16, 20, which are important quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Blessing ##### +The blessing of Jacob is given to Joseph, and his sons Manasseh and Ephraim. It is probably distinct from inheriting the promises Yahweh gave to Abraham because Scripture talks about all of Israel's descendants inheriting those promises. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 48:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../47/intro.md) | [>>](../49/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/01.md b/gen/49/01.md index deaa55de8f..ac302ea166 100644 --- a/gen/49/01.md +++ b/gen/49/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Assemble yourselves and listen, you sons of Jacob. Listen to Israel, your father ## +# General Information: -Both sentences say the same thing for emphasis. Alternate translation: "Come and listen carefully to your father." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This begins Jacob's final blessings to his sons. This continues through [Genesis 49:27](./27.md). Jacob's blessings are written in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) + +# Assemble yourselves and listen, you sons of Jacob. Listen to Israel, your father + +Both sentences say the same thing for emphasis. AT: "Come and listen carefully to your father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# you sons of Jacob. Listen to Israel, your father + +Jacob is referring to himself in the third person. It can be stated in the first person. AT: "my sons. Listen to me, your father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/03.md b/gen/49/03.md index b5d90ea2d3..48f8cec82a 100644 --- a/gen/49/03.md +++ b/gen/49/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## the beginning of my strength ## +# my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my strength -Hebrew parents would dedicate their first child to God. The words "beginning" and "first-fruit" means that Reuben belonged to God in a special way. Alternate translation: "the first-fruit of my manhood." +The phrases "my firstborn, my might" and "the beginning of my strength" mean the same thing. The words "might" and "strength" stand for Jacob's ability to produce children. The words "firstborn" and "beginning" mean that Reuben is his first child. AT: "my first child after I became a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## outstanding in dignity, and outstanding in power ## +# outstanding in dignity, and outstanding in power -"You are first in honor and power." +This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "You are first in honor and power" or "You surpass everyone else in honor and power" -## Uncontrollable as rushing water ## +# Uncontrollable as rushing water Jacob compares Reuben to water in a strong current to emphasize that he cannot control his anger and he is not stable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## you shall not have the pre-eminence ## +# you will not have the preeminence -eminence** - "you shall not be first among your brothers" +"you shall not be first among your brothers" -## because you went up to your father’s bed. Then you defiled it; you went up to my couch. ## +# because you went up to your father's bed. Then you defiled it; you went up to my couch -This refers to when Reuben slept with Bilhah in [Genesis 35:21](../35/21.md). This can be made explicit: "because you went to my bed and had sex with Bilhah my concubine. You brought shame on me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "bed" and "couch" stand for Jacob's concubine, Bilhah. Jacob is referring to when Reuben slept with Bilhah (See: [Genesis 35:22](../35/21.md)). AT: "because you went to my bed and slept with Bilhah my concubine. You have shamed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you went up to your father's bed ... you went up to my couch + +Both statements mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/05.md b/gen/49/05.md index 36ca74039b..0ce8bb1930 100644 --- a/gen/49/05.md +++ b/gen/49/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Weapons of violence are their swords ## +# Simeon and Levi are brothers + +This does not just mean they are brothers by birth. Jacob is emphasizing that they worked together to kill the people of Shechem. + +# Weapons of violence are their swords "They use their swords to hurt and to kill people" -## O my soul...my heart ## +# O my soul ... my heart -Jacob uses the words "soul" and "heart" to refer to himself and is saying that other people—and perhaps God also—honor him so much that he does not wish to join with those who make plans to do evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Jacob uses the words "soul" and "heart" to refer to himself and is saying that other people,and perhaps God also, honor him so much that he does not wish to join with those who make plans to do evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## do not come into their council; do not join in their meetings ## +# do not come into their council; do not join in their meetings These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Jacob combines them to emphasize that he does not want to participate in their wicked plans. AT: "I certainly will not join with them to make any plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## they hamstrung oxen ## +# they hamstrung oxen -Jacob compares the men of Shechem to oxen. This emphasizes the strength of the men and that Simenon and Levi killed them as if the men were just animals. AT: "they slaughtered men like they slaughter oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Simeon and Levi crippling oxen just for fun. + +# hamstrung + +This refers to cutting the sinews of an animal's leg so that it cannot walk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/07.md b/gen/49/07.md index be14044e56..529fb30c3e 100644 --- a/gen/49/07.md +++ b/gen/49/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Cursed be their anger ## +# May their anger be cursed, for it was fierce—and their fury, for it was cruel -In prophecy, the prophet will often speak the words of God as if God himself were speaking. This emphasizes how closely united the prophet and God are. Alternate translation: "The Lord says, "I will curse them because of their anger" or "I, the Lord, will curse them because of their anger." +God cursing Simeon and Levi is spoken of as if God were cursing their anger and fury. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Lord says, 'I will curse them because of their fierce anger and their cruel fury" or "I, the Lord, will curse them because of their fierce anger and their cruel fury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I will divide them in Jacob and scatter them in Israel ## +# May their anger be cursed -The word "I" refers to God. The word "them" refers to Simeon and Levi but it is a prophecy about their descendants. The words "Jacob" and "Israel" refer to all people of Israel. Alternate translation: "I will divide their descendants and scatter them among all the people of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +In prophecy, the prophet will often speak the words of God as if God himself were speaking. This emphasizes how closely united the prophet and God are. + +# their fury, for it was cruel + +The words "I will curse" are understood. AT: "I will curse their fury, for it was cruel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I will divide them in Jacob and scatter them in Israel + +The word "I" refers to God. The word "them" refers to Simeon and Levi but they are a metonymy standing for their descendants. The words "Jacob" and "Israel" are a metonymy standing for all people of Israel. AT: "I will divide their descendants and scatter them among all the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/08.md b/gen/49/08.md index 6d001aea5d..4074fe2edf 100644 --- a/gen/49/08.md +++ b/gen/49/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Your hand shall be on the neck of your enemies ## +# your brothers will praise you ... Your father's sons will bow down before you -"You shall conquer your enemies" \ No newline at end of file +These two statements mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# will praise you. Your hand + +The second sentence states the reason for the first sentence. The word "for" or "because" can be added to make this clear. AT: "will praise you. For your hand" or "will praise you because your hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# Your hand will be on the neck of your enemies + +This is a way of saying "You will conquer your enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# bow down + +This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/09.md b/gen/49/09.md index d6fc7d5441..b972b383ff 100644 --- a/gen/49/09.md +++ b/gen/49/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Judah is a lion’s cub ## +# Judah is a lion's cub -Jacob compares Judah to a young lion to emphasize his strength. Alternate translation: "Judah is like a young lion" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jacob speaks about Judah as if he were a lion's cub. Jacob is emphasizing Judah's strength. AT: "Judah is like a young lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## From the prey, my son, you have gone up ## +# My son, you have gone up from your victims "You, my son, have come back from eating your prey" -## like a lioness ## +# like a lioness Jacob also compares Judah to a female lion. The lioness is the primary hunter and protector of her cubs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Who will rouse him? ## +# Who would dare to awaken him? -Jacob uses a question to emphasize how terrifying Judah is to other people. Alternate translation: "No one wants to wake him up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jacob uses a question to emphasize how terrifying Judah is to other people. AT: "No one wants to wake him up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/10.md b/gen/49/10.md index b6b17ab4f4..dd530694c3 100644 --- a/gen/49/10.md +++ b/gen/49/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## The scepter shall not depart from Judah, Nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet ## +# The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the ruler's staff from between his feet -The "scepter" and the "staff" are long decorated sticks that kings carried. Here they refer to the power to rule. And, "Judah" refer to his descendants. Alternate translation: "The power to rule will always be with the descendants of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The "scepter" and the "staff" are long decorated sticks that kings carried. Here they are metonymies that stand for the power to rule. And, "Judah" stands for his descendants. AT: "The power to rule will always be with the descendants of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## until Shiloh comes. The nations will obey him ## +# until Shiloh comes. The nations will obey him -Possible meanings are 1) "until the ruler comes to Shiloh. Then the nations will obey him" or 2) "until the nations obey him and bring him tribute." Many people consider this a prophecy about the Messiah who is a descendant of King David. David is a descendant of Judah. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "Shiloh" means "tribute." AT: "until the nations obey him and bring him tribute" or 2) "Shiloh" refers to the city of Shiloh. AT: "until the ruler comes to Shiloh. Then the nations will obey him." Many people consider this a prophecy about the Messiah who is a descendant of King David. David is a descendant of Judah. + +# The nations will obey him + +Here "nations" refer to the people. AT: "The people of the nations will obey him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/11.md b/gen/49/11.md index 7fc800c559..680cfc54b6 100644 --- a/gen/49/11.md +++ b/gen/49/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Binding his young horse ## +# Binding his donkey ... to the choice vine -the word "his" refers to Judah's descendants, or to the ruler in [Genesis 49:10](./10.md). +Both statements mean the same thing. It is implied that the vines are so full of grapes that the master does not mind that his donkey eats some of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he has washed ## +# his ... he -Often in prophecy events that will happen in the future are described as something that has already happened in the past. This emphasizes that this event will certainly happen. Alternate translation: "he will wash" or "they will wash" +Possible meanings for all occurrences of "his" or "he" are 1) they refer to Judah's descendants. AT: "their ... they" or 2) they refer to the ruler in [Genesis 49:10](./10.md), which may refer to the Messiah. -## His eyes will be ## +# he has washed ... in the blood of grapes -"their eyes will be." Alternate translation: "His eyes are" or "their eyes are" +Both statements mean the same thing. It implies that there are so many grapes that they can wash their clothes in the juice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## as dark as wine ... as white as milk ## +# he has washed -"darker than wine ... whiter than milk" \ No newline at end of file +Often in prophecy events that will happen in the future are described as something that has already happened in the past. This emphasizes that this event will certainly happen. AT: "they will wash" or "he will wash" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# the blood of grapes + +This speaks about the grape juice as if it were blood. This emphasizes how red the juice is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# His eyes will be as dark as wine + +This refers to the color of a person's eyes to the red color of wine. Possible meanings are 1) dark eyes imply healthy eyes or 2) people eyes will be red from drinking too much of wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his teeth as white as milk + +This compare the color of the person's teeth to the white color of milk. This implies that there will be so many healthy cows they will have much milk to drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/13.md b/gen/49/13.md index d674a6d08c..da125d80eb 100644 --- a/gen/49/13.md +++ b/gen/49/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Zebulun will live ## +# Zebulun will live -This refers to the descendants of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the descendants of Zebulun. AT: "The descendants of Zebulun will live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He will be a harbor ## +# He will be a harbor -The sea towns that Zebulun will inhabit or build will provide shelter for ships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "He" stands for sea towns that the people of Zebulun will inhabit or build. These cities will provide shelter for ships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## harbor ## +# harbor -A part of the sea that is next to land and is a safe place for ships. \ No newline at end of file +a part of the sea that is next to land and is a safe place for ships \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/14.md b/gen/49/14.md index 96e81a0870..0edbe7807c 100644 --- a/gen/49/14.md +++ b/gen/49/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Issachar is a strong donkey ## +# Issachar is a strong donkey -Often in prophecy events that will happen in the future are described as something that has already happened. This emphasizes that the event will certainly happen. Here "Issachar" refers to his descendants. They are compared to a donkey. This emphasizes that they will work very hard. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Issachar will be like a strong donkey." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jacob speaks about Issachar and his descendants as if they are a donkey. This emphasizes that they will work very hard. AT: "The descendants of Issachar will be like a strong donkey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## lying down between the sheepfolds ## +# Issachar is -Possible meanings are 1) "lying down between the packs they were carrying" or 2) "lying down between two sheep pens." +Often in prophecy events that will happen in the future are described as something that is already happening. This emphasizes that the event will certainly happen. It can be stated in the future tense. AT: "Issachar will be" or "The descendants of Issachar will be" -## He sees a good resting place and the pleasant land ## +# Issachar ... He sees ... He will -"They will see a resting place that is good and that the land is pleasant" +Here "Issachar" is a metonymy that stands for his descendants. AT: "The descendants of Issachar ... They see ... They will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He will bend his shoulder to the burden ## +# lying down between the sheepfolds -"They will work very hard to carry the load" +Possible meanings are 1) "lying down between the packs they were carrying" or 2) "lying down between two sheep pens." Either way, Jacob speaks about Issachar's descendants as if they are donkeys that have worked hard and are lying down to rest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and became a servant for the task ## +# a good resting place and the pleasant land -"and they will work for others as slaves" \ No newline at end of file +"a resting place that is good and that the land is pleasant" + +# He will bend his shoulder to the burden + +The phrase "bend his shoulder to the burden" is a way of saying "work very hard to carry the load" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# become a servant for the task + +"will work for others as slaves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/16.md b/gen/49/16.md index 07fafecb6b..f7af52f460 100644 --- a/gen/49/16.md +++ b/gen/49/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Dan will judge his people ## +# Dan will judge his people -Possible meanings are 1) "the leaders among the descendants of Dan will judge their people" or 2) "The descendants of Dan will judge the people of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Dan" stands for his descendants. AT: "The descendants of Dan will judge their people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Dan will be a snake beside the road ## +# his people -"Dan will be like a snake beside the road." Though a snake is small, it but can bring down a rider off his house, so is Dan, though a small tribe, is very dangerous to its enemies. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings for "his people" are 1) "the people of Dan" or 2) "the people of Israel" -## I wait ## +# Dan will be a snake beside the road + +Jacob speaks about Dan and his descendants as if they were snakes. Though a snake is small, it can bring down a rider off his horse. So Dan, though a small tribe, is very dangerous to its enemies. AT: "The descendants of Dan will be like a snake beside the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I wait for your salvation, Yahweh + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated as "save." AT: "I wait for you, Yahweh, to save me" + +# I wait The word "I" refers to Jacob. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/19.md b/gen/49/19.md index ec5d9d0370..700f225672 100644 --- a/gen/49/19.md +++ b/gen/49/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Gad...Asher's...Naphtali ## +# Gad ... attack him, but he -These refer to the descendants of each man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Gad" stands for his descendants. AT: "The descendants of Gad ... attack them, but they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Naphtali is a doe let loose ## +# Asher's food ... and he -This compares the descendants of Naphtali to a female deer that is free to run. This may emphasize that they were swift messengers. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Naphtali will be like deer set free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "Asher" stands for his descendants. AT: "Asher's descendants' food ... and they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## beautiful fawns ## +# Naphtali is ... he will -A "fawn" is a baby deer. The meaning of the Hebrew word is unclear. Some versions translate it as "beautiful words." \ No newline at end of file +Here "Naphtali" stands for his descendants. AT: "The descendants of Naphtali are ... they will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# at their heels + +Here "heels" stands for the raiders who are running away from the descendants of Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# food will be rich + +Here "rich" is a way of saying "delicious." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Naphtali is a doe let loose + +Jacob speaks about the descendants of Naphtali as if they were a female deer that is free to run. This may emphasize that they will be swift messengers. AT: "The descendants of Naphtali will be like deer set free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have beautiful fawns + +A "fawn" is a baby deer. The meaning of the Hebrew word is unclear. Some versions translate it as "have beautiful words" or "speak beautiful things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/22.md b/gen/49/22.md index 8e37a3411c..b1b2271b45 100644 --- a/gen/49/22.md +++ b/gen/49/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Joseph is a fruitful bough ## +# Joseph is a fruitful bough -This refers to the descendants of Joseph. They are compared to a tree branch that produces a lot of fruit. This emphasizes that they will greatly increase in number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "Joseph" is a metonymy that stands for his descendants. Jacob speaks about them as if they were a tree branch that produces a lot of fruit. This emphasizes that they will greatly increase in number. AT: "The descendants of Joseph are a fruitful bough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The archers ## +# bough -people who use bows and arrows \ No newline at end of file +a main branch of a tree + +# whose branches climb over the wall + +Branches that grow and extend over a wall are spoken of as if they were climbing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/24.md b/gen/49/24.md index 22f2f0860e..21823f2661 100644 --- a/gen/49/24.md +++ b/gen/49/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Jacob continues to bless Joseph and his descendants. -## the hands of the Mighty One ## +# his bow will remain steady -The "hands" are expressing the power of Yahweh. Alternate translation: "the power of the Mighty One." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The person holding the bow steady is spoken of as if the bow itself will remain steady. It is implied he is holding it steady as he aims at his enemy. AT: "he will hold his bow steady as he aims at his enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## because of the name of the Shepherd ## +# his bow ... his hands -Here "name" refers to the entire person. Alternate translation: "because of the Shepherd" +Here "his" refers to Joseph who stands for his descendants. AT: "their bow ... their hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the Shepherd, the Rock ## +# his hands will be skillful -Jacob compares Yahweh to a shepherd and a rock. This emphasizes that Yahweh guides and protects his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the whole person is represented by the "hands" since they are used to hold the bow. AT: "his arms will remain strong as he aims his bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the hands of the Mighty One + +The "hands" are expressing the power of Yahweh. AT: "the power of the Mighty One" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because of the name of the Shepherd + +Here "name" refers to the entire person. AT: "because of the Shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Shepherd + +Jacob speak of Yahweh as if he were a "Shepherd." This emphasizes that Yahweh guides and protects his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Rock + +Jacob speaks of Yahweh as if he were a "Rock" that people can climb upon to find safety from enemies. This emphasizes that Yahweh protects his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/25.md b/gen/49/25.md index 0c5b09979c..2a3246f620 100644 --- a/gen/49/25.md +++ b/gen/49/25.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -23]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Jacob continues to bless Joseph and his descendants. (See: [Genesis 49:22-23](./22.md)) + +# help you ... bless you + +Here "you" refers to Joseph who stands for his descendants. AT: "help your descendants ... bless them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# blessings of the sky + +Here "sky" stands for the rain that helps the crops to grow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# blessings of the deep that lies beneath + +Here "deep" stands for the water underneath the ground that supplies rivers and wells. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# blessings of the breasts and womb + +Here "breasts and womb" stand for the ability for a mother to have children and feed them milk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/26.md b/gen/49/26.md index 43c670fe18..9977d701b6 100644 --- a/gen/49/26.md +++ b/gen/49/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Jacob continues to bless Joseph and his descendants. -## They will be on the head of Joseph, blessings that crown the head of him ## +# the ancient mountains -"They" refers to the blessings of his father. Jacob compares the blessing he gives Joseph to a crown that a prince wears. This emphasizes that these blessings are a sign of Joseph's honor and that he has authority over his brothers. Alternate translation: "These blessings will be like a crown on Joseph's head." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The meaning of the original language is not certain. Some Bible translations have "my ancestors" instead of "ancient mountains." -## prince over his brothers ## +# May they be on the head of Joseph -"set apart from his brothers" \ No newline at end of file +Here "they" refers to the blessings of his father. + +# upon the crown of the head of the prince of his brothers + +Jacob desires for these blessings to be passed on to even the most important of his descendants. AT: "on the head of the most important of Joseph's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# prince of his brothers + +"most important of his brothers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/27.md b/gen/49/27.md index ed66fa1e59..32671aba83 100644 --- a/gen/49/27.md +++ b/gen/49/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Benjamin is a hungry wolf ## +# Benjamin is a hungry wolf -This refers to Benjamin and his descendants. Jacob compares them to a hungry wolf. This emphasizes that they will be fierce warriors. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Benjamin will be like hungry wolves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Benjamin" is a metonymy that stands for his descendants. Jacob speaks about Benjamin's descendants as if they were a hungry wolf. This emphasizes that they will be fierce warriors. AT: "The descendants of Benjamin will be like hungry wolves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/28.md b/gen/49/28.md index 8a00473e73..70320f0c06 100644 --- a/gen/49/28.md +++ b/gen/49/28.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## These are the twelve tribes of Israel ## +# These are the twelve tribes of Israel "These" refers to the sons Jacob mentioned in 49:1-27. Each son became the leader of his own tribe. -## Each one he blessed with an appropriate blessing ## +# when he blessed them -AT: "He gave each son a fitting blessing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-order]]) +Here the word "blessed" refers to the speaking of formal blessings. -## I am about to go to my people. ## +# Each one he blessed with an appropriate blessing -AT: "I am about to die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"He gave each son a fitting blessing" -## he instructed them ## +# he instructed them "he commanded them" -## Ephron the Hittite ## +# I am about to go to my people -See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:10](../23/10.md). +This is a polite way of saying he is about to die. AT: "I am about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Machpelah...Mamre ## +# go to my people -See how you translated these in [Genesis 23:17](../23/17.md). \ No newline at end of file +Jacob is referring to where his inner man will go when he dies. He expects to join Abraham and Isaac in the afterlife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Ephron the Hittite + +This is the name of a man. "Hittite" means "descendent of Heth." See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Machpelah + +Machpelah was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mamre + +This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this in [Genesis 13:18](../13/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/31.md b/gen/49/31.md index 5ad878709d..e039d1c45b 100644 --- a/gen/49/31.md +++ b/gen/49/31.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Jacob continues speaking to his sons. -## were purchased ## +# in it were purchased -Alternate translation: "Abraham purchased" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The purchase can be made explicit. AT: "in it were purchased by Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## from the children of Heth ## +# from the people of Heth "from the Hittites" -## finished these instructions to his sons ## +# finished these instructions to his sons "finished instructing his sons" or "finished commanding his sons" -## he pulled his feet into the bed ## +# he pulled his feet into the bed Jacob was sitting on the bed. Now, Jacob turns and puts his feet in the bed so he can lie down. -## breathed his last, and went to his people ## +# breathed his last -See how you translated similar phrases in [Genesis 25:7](../25/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite way of saying a person died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# went to his people + +After Jacob died, his inner man went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/49/intro.md b/gen/49/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1401f20f72 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/49/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Genesis 49 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 49:1-27. This is a recording of Jacob's sayings to his children. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecies ##### +These statements made by Jacob to his sons are probably prophecies. These prophecies are concerned with the descendants of each of Jacob's sons who would become the twelve tribes of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The scepter will not depart from Judah" ##### +This prophecy indicates Judah will be the ruling tribe of Israel. The future kings of Israel all come from the tribe of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### "I buried Leah" ##### +Since Moses wrote the book of Genesis, this is an editorial comment he makes in the text as the narrator. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 49:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../48/intro.md) | [>>](../50/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/01.md b/gen/50/01.md index 67eb7ea499..72664a931c 100644 --- a/gen/50/01.md +++ b/gen/50/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Then Joseph hugged his father’s face ## +# that he collapsed on the face of his father -"Then Joseph fell on his father in grief" or "Joseph threw himself on his father" +The term "he collapsed" is an idiom for being overcome. AT: "that he fell on his father in grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## his servants the physicians ## +# his servants the physicians "his servants who took care of dead bodies" -## to embalm ## +# to embalm his father -a special way of preserving a dead body before it is buried. +To "embalm" is a special way of preserving a dead body before it is buried. AT: "to prepare his father's body for burial" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## They took forty days ## +# They took forty days "They took 40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## seventy days ## +# seventy days -"70 days" \ No newline at end of file +"70 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/04.md b/gen/50/04.md index 8ef2ee6fba..32891418ba 100644 --- a/gen/50/04.md +++ b/gen/50/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## days of weeping ## +# days of weeping "days of mourning him" or "days of weeping for him" -## If now I have found favor in your eyes ## +# Joseph spoke to Pharaoh's royal court -See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 30:27](../30/27.md). +Here "royal court" stands for the officials that make up Pharaoh's royal court. AT: "Joseph spoke to Pharaoh's officials" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## See, I am about to die ## +# If now I have found favor in your eyes + +The phrase "find favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "If I have found favor with you" or "If you are pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# please speak to Pharaoh, saying, 'My father made me swear, saying, "See, I am about to die. Bury me in my tomb that I dug for myself in the land of Canaan. There you will bury me." Now let me go up and bury my father, and then I will return.' + +This has a two level quotation and three level quotation. These can be stated as indirect quotations. AT: "please tell Pharaoh that my father made me swear that after he dies I would bury him in the tomb that he dug for himself in the land of Canaan. Please ask Pharaoh to let me go bury my father, and then I will return" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# See, I am about to die "See, I am dying" -## as he made you swear ## +# let me go up + +It was common to use the phrase "go up" when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan. + +# Pharaoh answered + +It is implied that the members of the court spoke to Pharaoh, and now Pharaoh is replying to Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# as he made you swear "as you swore to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/07.md b/gen/50/07.md index c840a779ce..d331836d51 100644 --- a/gen/50/07.md +++ b/gen/50/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## all the officials of Pharaoh ## +# Joseph went up -all of Pharaoh's key leaders attended the burial procession. +It was common to use the phrase "went up" when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan. -## courtiers of his household ## +# All the officials ... the courtiers ... the senior officials -These were Pharaoh's royal family line. +All of Pharaoh's most important leaders attended the burial procession. -## with all Joseph's household and his brothers, and his father’s household ## +# courtiers -This can be translated as a new sentence: "Joseph's household, his brothers, and his father's household also went with him." +This person was a royal advisor. -## But they left their little ones ## +# the courtiers of his household -"But they left their children" +Here "household" refers to Pharaoh's royal court. -## It was a very large group of people ## +# land of Egypt, with all Joseph's household and his brothers, and his father's household + +This can be translated as a new sentence: "land of Egypt. Joseph's household, his brothers, and his father's household also went with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# Joseph's household ... father's household + +Here "household" refers to their families. + +# Chariots + +Here this stands for the men riding in the chariots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It was a very large group of people "It was a very large gathering" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/10.md b/gen/50/10.md index a4608865be..a2db17e0e2 100644 --- a/gen/50/10.md +++ b/gen/50/10.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## When they came ## +# When they came -The word "they" refers to the burial procession. +The word "they" refers to the participants in the burial procession. -## floor of Atad ## +# floor of Atad -The word "Atad" means "thorn" and it may refer to the large amounts of thorns that grew in the area. Or, it may be the name of the person who owns the threshing floor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the word "Atad" means "thorn" and it may refer to a place where large amounts of thorns grew, or 2) it may be the name of the person who owns the threshing floor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## they mourned with very great and grievous sorrow ## +# they mourned with very great and grievous sorrow -"they were extremely sad and they mourned deeply" +"they were extremely sad and they mourned very much" -## a seven day ## +# a seven-day -"a 7 day" +"a 7-day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## in the floor of Atad ## +# in the floor of Atad -"in the threshing floor of Atad" +Possible meanings are 1) "on the threshing floor that belonged to a man named Atad" or "in the threshing floor at a place called Atad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## This is a very sad occasion for the Egyptians ## +# This is a very sad occasion for the Egyptians "The mourning of the Egyptians is very great" -## Abel-Mizraim ## +# Abel Mizraim -Mizraim** - The translator can a add a footnote that says: "The name Abel-Mizraim means "the mourning of Egypt.'" \ No newline at end of file +The translator can add a footnote that says: "The name Abel Mizraim means "the mourning of Egypt.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/12.md b/gen/50/12.md index 22254cc641..1d931d5df4 100644 --- a/gen/50/12.md +++ b/gen/50/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## So his sons ## +# So his sons "So Jacob's sons" -## just as he had instructed them ## +# just as he had instructed them "just as he had directed them" -## Machpelah...Mamre ## +# His sons carried him -See how you translated these in [Genesis 23:17](../23/17.md). +"His sons took his body" -## Ephron the Hittite ## +# Machpelah -See how you translated this name in [Genesis 23:10](../23/10.md). +Machpela was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Joseph returned into Egypt ## +# Mamre + +This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this in [Genesis 13:18](../13/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ephron the Hittite + +This is the name of a man. "Hittite" means "descendent of Heth." See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Joseph returned into Egypt "Joseph returned to Egypt" -## all who had accompanied him ## +# all who had accompanied him "all who had come with him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/15.md b/gen/50/15.md index e77d3b6e13..0286693427 100644 --- a/gen/50/15.md +++ b/gen/50/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## What if Joseph bears a grudge ## +# What if Joseph holds on to anger against us -"What if Joseph is angry with us" +Here anger is spoken of as if it was something physical that Joseph could hold in his hands. AT: "What if Joseph is actually still angry with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Your father gave instructions before he died, saying ## +# wants to repay us in full for all the evil we did to him -Jacob was the father of all the brothers. Here they say "your father" to emphasize that Joseph needs to pay attention to what his father said. Alternate translation: "Before our father died he said." +Avenging oneself against someone who harmed him is spoken of as if the person were paying they other person what they are owed. AT: "wants revenge for the evil thing we did to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and the wrong they did when they treated your so badly ## +# Your father gave instructions before he died, saying, 'Tell Joseph this, "Please forgive the transgression of your brothers and their sin when they did evil to you."' + +This has a two level quotation and a three level quotation. They can be stated as indirect quotations. AT: "Your father instructed us before he died to tell you to forgive us for the evil thing we did to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Your father gave instructions before he died, saying + +Jacob was the father of all the brothers. Here they say "your father" to emphasize that Joseph needs to pay attention to what his father said. AT: "Before our father died he said" + +# and their sin when they did evil to you "for the wicked things they did to you" -## Now please forgive the servants of the God of your father ## +# Now -"Now please forgive us, the servants of the God of our father, for the wicked things we did to you" +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## Joseph wept when the message was brought to him ## +# please forgive the servants of the God of your father -"Joseph wept when he heard this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The brothers are referring to themselves as "the servants of the God of your father." This can be stated in first person. AT: "please forgive us, the servants of the God of our father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Joseph wept when they spoke to him + +"Joseph wept when he heard this message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/18.md b/gen/50/18.md index fb41968d3c..19cd7dabbe 100644 --- a/gen/50/18.md +++ b/gen/50/18.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## lay facedown before him ## +# lay facedown before him -They lay down with their faces toward the ground. This is a sign of humility and respect for Joseph. +They lay down with their faces toward the ground. This is a sign of humility and respect for Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Am I in the place of God? ## +# Am I in the place of God? -Joseph uses a question to comfort his brothers. Alternate translation: "I am not in the place of God" or "I am not God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Joseph uses a question to comfort his brothers. AT: "I am not in the place of God." or "I am not God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## you meant to harm me ## +# you meant to harm me "you intended to do evil against me" -## God meant it for good ## +# God meant it for good "God intended it for good" -## So now do not be afraid ## +# So now do not be afraid "So do not fear me" -## I will provide for you and your little children. ## +# I will provide for you and your little children -"I will always make sure you and your children have enough to eat." +"I will always make sure you and your children have enough to eat" -## He comforted them in this way and spoke kindly to them. ## +# He comforted them in this way and spoke kindly to their hearts -"He comforted them by speaking kindly to them." \ No newline at end of file +Here "hearts" refers to the brothers. AT: "He comforted them by speaking kindly to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/22.md b/gen/50/22.md index e4ceda3668..4279621d9a 100644 --- a/gen/50/22.md +++ b/gen/50/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Machir ## +# one hundred ten years + +"110 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Ephraim's children to the third generation + +"Ephraim's children and grandchildren" + +# Machir This is the name of Joseph's grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## They were "born on his knees" ## +# who were placed on the knees of Joseph -This expression meant that they received special inheritance rights. AT: "Joseph gave them special inheritance rights." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This expression means that Joseph adopted these children of Machir as his own children. This means they would have special inheritance rights from Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/24.md b/gen/50/24.md index ab7de38268..2eaf5f9390 100644 --- a/gen/50/24.md +++ b/gen/50/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## surely come to you ## +# surely come to you -In 50:24-26 the word "you" refers to Joseph's brothers, but it also includes their descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +In [Genesis 50:24/26](./24.md) the word "you" refers to Joseph's brothers, but it also stands for their descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## lead you up out of this land to the land ## +# lead you up out of this land to the land -"bring you up out of this land and take you to the land" +It was common to use the word "up" when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan. AT: "bring you out of this land and take you to the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -## After they embalmed him ## +# 110 years -See how you translated "embalmed" in [Genesis 50:1](./01.md). +"one hundred and ten years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## in a coffin ## +# They embalmed him + +To "embalm" is a special way of preserving a dead body before it is buried. See how you translated "embalmed" in [Genesis 50:1](./01.md). + +# he was placed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they placed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in a coffin "in a chest" or "in a case." This is a box a dead person is placed in. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/50/intro.md b/gen/50/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0618d390cc --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/50/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Genesis 50 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Embalming ##### +Embalming was practiced in Egypt on very important people when they died. They removed the liquids from the body then wrapped it in an attempt to preserve the body from decay. + +##### Joseph's character ##### +Joseph's character was so upright that Pharaoh's officials went with him to Canaan to bury Jacob. This was a very large funeral procession. He also learned lessons from earlier in his life and unified his family. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/upright]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Genesis 50:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../49/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/front/intro.md b/gen/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0bcc14db92 --- /dev/null +++ b/gen/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +# Introduction to Genesis # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Genesis #### + +1. From the Creation to the Tower of Babel + - The account of the creation of the heavens and the earth (1:1–4:26) + - The account of Adam (5:1–6:8) + - The account of Noah (6:9–11:9) + - The account of Shem (11:10–11:26) + - The account of Terah (11:27–11:32) +1. The accounts of the Patriarchs + - The account of Abraham (12:1-25:11) + - The account of Ishmael (25:12–25:18) + - The account of Isaac (25:19–35:29) + - The account of Esau (36:1–37:1) + - The account of Jacob (37:2–50:26) + +#### What is Genesis about? #### + +Genesis is a record of God's mighty acts, the beginning of human life, and how sin brought death and separation between people and God. Yet Genesis gives us hope and tells us about God's ultimate promise to save us. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"Genesis" means "in the beginning," so translators should express in their title this idea. Titles such as "The Beginning of Things" may be suitable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote Genesis? #### + +The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Genesis. + +#### What are the different parts of Genesis? #### + +Genesis 1–11 is an account of the early years of creation. It very briefly records significant events occurring over a period of several thousand years. Genesis 12–50 focuses on the special relationship God began with Abraham and his descendants. Abraham's descendants, who came to be known as the Hebrews and later as Israelites, would come to worship Yahweh. Genesis ends with Abraham's descendants living in Egypt with the hope of returning one day to the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What are the covenants mentioned in Genesis? #### + +There are three covenants mentioned in Genesis. The covenant with Adam involved God's instruction not to eat fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. The punishment for disobedience would be death. The covenant that God made with Noah was a promise to never again destroy the world with a flood. God made yet another covenant with Abraham. In it, God promised to make his descendants into a great nation. He also promised to protect them and to give them land of their own. + +#### What was God's purpose for the book of Genesis? #### + +The book of Genesis says that a perfect God created a perfect world. However, the world became imperfect because human beings began to sin. But Genesis shows that God continues to have complete control over the world. + +Genesis also describes the start of God's plan to bring the sinful world back to himself. An important event in this process occurred when God began a special relationship with Abraham and his descendants. He expressed this relationship in a covenant with Abraham. + +#### What was the custom for inheritance as described by Genesis? #### + +The cultural concepts of inheritance and of the passing on of a father's blessing are very significant in Genesis. The blessing that Abraham passed on to his son Isaac placed him as an ancestor of the people of Israel. This is unlike the experience of Ishmael, Abraham's other son, who did not receive that same divine blessing. Likewise, Isaac's older son Esau foolishly gave up the same blessing, which his younger brother Jacob received instead. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +Additionally, it was customary for a man to divide among his sons his material wealth and land. All his sons received equal portions, except that the oldest son received twice as much. The oldest son's portion was called a double portion. It was this double portion that Esau also gave up. + +#### How does Genesis present sin and evil? #### + +Ancient Near Eastern societies, like many societies today, view sin and disasters of all kinds as if they were physical dirt or rottenness that could spread among people, throughout their communities, and even their land. As a result, many societies have very little trouble understanding the Genesis account of how sin was introduced into the world. + +These societies also assume that the way to stop the spread of evil is to perform sacrifices. For this reason, many societies still today easily understand the reason for the animal sacrifices of which Genesis speaks. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is one way in which Genesis marks the beginning of important sections? #### + +Genesis uses one Hebrew phrase that the ULB translates as either, "this is the record of," "these were the events concerning," or "these were the descendants of." The information in these sections may have come from sources much older than Moses himself. These passages are 2:4; 5:1; 6:9; 10:1; 11:10, 27; 25:12, 19; 36:1, 9; and 37:2. + +If the translator wants to translate in only two ways, we recommend for most passages a phrase such as, "this is the record about" or "this is information about." Some passages will be better translated, however, as "These were the descendants of." + +#### Why are the beginnings of some narrative sections in Genesis difficult to translate? #### + +This is because Hebrew style often makes an opening statement that summarizes the following narrative. Probable examples of this style occur in Gen. 1:1, 6:22, 18:1, 21:1 and 22:1. + +Many languages, however, do not prefer to summarize a narrative until the end. In this case, translators may choose a different approach. For example, in Gen. 1:1 ("In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth"), translators may decide to translate like this: "This is about how God made the heavens and the earth in the beginning." + +#### What is the difference between "people," "peoples," and "people groups"? #### + +The word "people" refers to all the individuals who belong to a group, such as "the people of Israel." The word "peoples" (used in the ULB) refers to groups that speak the same languages, have the same customs, and worship the same gods, such as the peoples of Edom, Moab, and Ammon. The expression "people groups" (used in the UDB) is equivalent to "peoples" in the ULB. The translator should use the most equivalent term that is common in the project language. + +#### What is the relationship between individuals and peoples that have similar names? #### + +Many individually named persons in Genesis eventually had large numbers of descendants who were called after their ancestor's name. For example, Cush was the name of such an individual, but it also became the name of the nation that his descendants formed (the Cushites), as well as the name of the region in which they lived. If possible, when translating these names, the translator should make a strong resemblance between them, as, for example, "Cush" and "Cushite" or "Moab" and "Moabite." Otherwise, the translator may say, "the descendants of Cush." + +#### What does the phrase "to this day" mean? #### + +This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time which has already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in Gen. 19:37, 19:38, 22:14, 26:33, 32:32, 35:20, 47:26, 48:18. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/01.md b/hab/01/01.md index e9d92b7067..bf64569c39 100644 --- a/hab/01/01.md +++ b/hab/01/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## The pronouncement that Habakkuk the prophet received ## +# The message that Habakkuk the prophet received, -These words introduce the first two chapters of the book. If your language requires a complete sentence here, "This is the message that Habakkuk the prophet received from God." \ No newline at end of file +These words introduce the first two chapters of the book. It is implicit that Habakkuk received this message from Yahweh. This can be stated as a complete sentence. AT: "This is the message that Habakkuk the prophet received from Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# how long shall I cry for help, and you will not hear? + +The reader should understand that Habakkuk has been crying to Yahweh for help for a long time. He asks this question because he is frustrated and wants to know how much longer it will be before Yahweh responds. AT: "how much longer shall I cry for help before you will respond?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/03.md b/hab/01/03.md index adbaa20811..e60175c87d 100644 --- a/hab/01/03.md +++ b/hab/01/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Habakkuk continues his prayer to God. -## contention rises up ## +# Destruction and violence are before me -"fighting among the people is becoming more common" +The words "destruction" and "violence" can be translated with a verbal phrase. The idiom "before me" means that Habakkuk witnesses these things happening. AT: "I witness people destroying things and acting violently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the wicked surround the righteous ## +# contention rises up -This can mean that righteous people suffer injustice because 1) "wicked people have more power than righteous people" (see UDB) or 2) "there are more wicked people than righteous people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "contention" refers to conflict between people and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Habakkuk speaks of there being more contention between people as if contention rises up. AT: "there is more conflict between people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## false justice goes out ## +# the law is weakened -AT: "evil happens instead of justice" or "injustice increases" \ No newline at end of file +Habakkuk speaks of people not obeying or enforcing the law as if they had made the law weak and unable to act. AT: "no one enforces the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wicked surround the righteous + +Habakkuk speaks of wicked people causing righteous people to suffer injustice as if the wicked people surrounded the righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# false justice goes out + +Habakkuk speaks of judges giving decisions that they say are just but that are not as if "false justice" were going out to the people. AT: "judges give verdicts that are not just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/05.md b/hab/01/05.md index 3febfc6c9c..6aee5aacd5 100644 --- a/hab/01/05.md +++ b/hab/01/05.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -Yahweh answers the prayer of Habakkuk. +# General Information: -## Look at the nations and examine them ## +Yahweh responds to Habakkuk. -"Learn what is happening in other nations" +# be amazed and astonished -## They...They...themselves ## +The words "amazed" and "astonished" share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the strength of the emotion. AT: "be very amazed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -The Chaldean soldiers. God will raise up the Chaldean nation, and the Chaldeans' soldiers will invade Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# in your days -## the breadth of the land ## +This idiom refers to Habakkuk's lifetime. AT: "during your lifetime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -This can mean 1) everywhere in Judah (see ULB) or 2) everywhere in the world (see UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# when it is reported to you -## seize ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when someone reports it to you" or "when you hear about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -take by force or steal from the rightful owners +# look! -## dwellings ## +The word "look!" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -"houses" +# I am about to raise up the Chaldeans -## proceed ## +Yahweh speaks of making the Chaldeans powerful as if he were raising them up. AT: "I am about to make the Chaldeans very powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"come" \ No newline at end of file +# impetuous + +Possible meanings are 1) "violent" or 2) "hasty." + +# the breadth of the land + +This can mean 1) everywhere in Judah or 2) everywhere in the world. This would be an exaggeration to emphasize how powerful the Chaldean army is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# They are terrifying and fearsome + +The words "terrifying" and "fearsome" share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the fear that the Chaldeans instilled in other people. AT: "They cause others to be greatly terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# their judgment and splendor proceed from themselves + +The word "splendor" represents their pride in how they view themselves. Yahweh speaks of their opinion of themselves as if the qualities of judgment and splendor came from them. AT: "because they are prideful, they decide for themselves what judgment looks like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/08.md b/hab/01/08.md index 962a413c19..6fd43d193b 100644 --- a/hab/01/08.md +++ b/hab/01/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Their horses...their horses ## +# Their horses ... their horses the horses of the Chaldean soldiers -## quicker than the evening wolves ## - -The horses of the Chaldeans are compared to fierce wolves that run after their prey in the evening when they are very hungry because they have not eaten all day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## their horsemen ## - -The Chaldeans' soldiers riding the horses. - -## leopards ## +# leopards large, swift cats (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## they fly like an eagle ## +# the evening wolves -"the horsemen ride as quickly as eagles fly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This refers to wolves that hunt their prey at night. -## their multitudes go like a desert wind, and they gather captives like sand ## +# their horsemen -The Chaldeans are many, and like the grains of sand the wind picks up in a storm are too many to count, so no one can count the people they capture and make prisoners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +the Chaldean soldiers who ride the horses + +# they fly like an eagle hurrying to eat + +Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move in order to conquer their enemies as if they were flying, like an eagle flies swiftly to capture its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their multitudes go like the desert wind + +Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move as if they were a strong wind that blows in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they gather captives like sand + +Possible meanings are 1) the Chaldeans take people captive as easily as one would scoop up sand with his hand. AT: "they gather captives as one gathers sand" or 2) the Chaldeans take a great number of people captive, as if those people were as many as the grains of sand in the desert. AT: "they capture as many people as there are grains of sand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/10.md b/hab/01/10.md index 5576649012..13b64b03e8 100644 --- a/hab/01/10.md +++ b/hab/01/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues describing the Chaldean soldiers. +# General Information: -## the wind will rush on ## +Yahweh continues to describe the Chaldean soldiers. -The invading Chaldean army is compared to the wind which rushes through one area and quickly continues on to the next place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# So they mock kings, and rulers are only a mockery for them + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The word "mockery" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "So they mock kings, and rulers are only something for them to mock" or "So all they do is mock kings and rulers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the wind will rush on + +Yahweh speaks of how swiftly the Chaldean army moves from one city to the next as it conquers each one as if it were a wind that blows swiftly along. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# guilty men, those whose might is their god + +This refers to the Chaldean soldiers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/12.md b/hab/01/12.md index 0d60c2f3c0..1e6951bb24 100644 --- a/hab/01/12.md +++ b/hab/01/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Habakkuk speaks to Yahweh about the Chaldeans. -## Are you not from ancient times, Yahweh my God, my Holy One? ## +# Are you not from ancient times, Yahweh my God, my Holy One? -Alternate translation: "You are eternal, Yahweh my God, my Holy One." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Habakkuk asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You surely are from ancient times, Yahweh my God, my Holy One." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## them...them ## +# from ancient times -the Chaldeans +"eternal" -## Rock ## +# has ordained them for judgment, and you, Rock, have established them for correction -the protector of Israel (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "them" refers to the Chaldeans. The words "judgment" and "correction" can be translated with verbs. The reader should understand that the Chaldeans will judge and correct Yahweh's people. AT: "has ordained them to judge his people, and you, Rock, have established them to correct your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## established them for correction ## +# Rock -AT: "established them for the purpose of correcting Israel" \ No newline at end of file +Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh being the one who protects him and keeps him safe as if he were a rock upon which Habakkuk could stand in order to be out of his enemies' reach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/13.md b/hab/01/13.md index ac95770b1c..6d943f0c0e 100644 --- a/hab/01/13.md +++ b/hab/01/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Habakkuk continues speaking to Yahweh about the Chaldeans. -## "those who betray" ## +# Your eyes are too pure -"the Chaldeans, whom no one can trust" +Here the word "eyes" represents Yahweh who sees. AT: "You are too pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## swallow up ## +# those who betray -"destroy" (UDB) +This refers to the Chaldeans. The word "betray" refers to people who have been disloyal or have broken agreements that they have made. -## like fish in the sea ... like creeping things ## +# Why are you silent while the wicked swallow up those more righteous than they are? -These two phrases express the same idea that God has allowed the Chaldeans to treat the Israelites as if they were creatures with very little value, and not like people should be treated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Habakkuk speaks of wicked people destroying others as if the wicked were swallowing them. AT: "Why are you silent while the wicked destroy those more righteous than they are?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those more righteous than they are + +This refers to the Israelites, about whom Habakkuk had been complaining. The reader should understand that these are wicked people, but they are "more righteous than" or not as wicked as the Chaldeans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# You make men like fish in the sea + +Habakkuk compares the way in which the Chaldeans will kill people without remorse with the way in which people will kill fish without remorse. AT: "You cause men to become no more important than fish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like creeping things without a ruler over them + +The words "creeping things" refer to insects and other bugs that crawl about. Just as insects have no ruler to organize and defend them, the people are defenseless before the Chaldean army. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "you make men as defenseless as insects that have no ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/15.md b/hab/01/15.md index 5b3c7a3734..752d63fd23 100644 --- a/hab/01/15.md +++ b/hab/01/15.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Habakkuk continues speaking to Yahweh about the Chaldeans. -## fishhooks...fish-nets ## +# He brings ... he continually slaughter -nets** - tools used to catch fish +In 1:15-17 the singular pronoun "he" and "his" refer to a Babylonian solider who represents all of the Babylonian soldiers. These pronouns can be stated as plural. AT: "They bring ... they continually slaughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## net ## +# all of them ... drags men away ... gathers them -a tool used to catch "creeping things" ([Habakkuk 1:13](./13.md)) +Here "them" and "men" refer to people in general. This can be stated in first person to include Habakkuk as one of the people. AT: "all of us ... drags us away ... gathers us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## fattened beasts are their portion, and the fatty meat is their food ## +# He brings all of them up with a fishhook ... in his dragnet -Alternate translation: "the best animals and the finest meat is their share of the food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Habakkuk speaks of the Chaldeans conquering people easily as if the people were fish that the Chaldeans catch with fishhooks and fishnets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## portion ## +# fishhook ... fishnet ... dragnet -a small part of something bigger that is shared between many people +tools used to catch fish -## empty their net ## +# he sacrifices to his net and burns incense to his dragnet -A fisherman will empty his net in order to throw it again and catch more fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Habakkuk speaks of the weapons that the Chaldeans use to conquer people and nations as if the weapons were fishing nets that they use to catch fish. AT: "they offer sacrifices and burn incense to the weapons that they use in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Will he therefore keep emptying his net, and will he continually slaughter the nations without mercy? + +Habakkuk asks this question because he is frustrated and wants to know how long Yahweh will allow the Chaldeans to continue to destroy people and nations. AT: "Will you therefore let them empty their fishing nets and continue to slaughter the nations while they feel no compassion?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# keep emptying his net + +Habakkuk speaks of the Chaldeans preparing to conquer more nations as if they were fishermen who empty their nets so that they can use them to catch more fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/01/intro.md b/hab/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3fc9ff60da --- /dev/null +++ b/hab/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Habakkuk 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:1-17, which are extended quotations. + +This chapter is arranged in a series of questions and answers between Yahweh and Habakkuk. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Injustice ##### + +Habakkuk sees great injustice, especially in the defeat of Israel by the Assyrians. He cries out to Yahweh to ask him to put an end to it. He is questioning Yahweh, but he trusts in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unjust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +##### Chaldeans ##### +Yahweh will raise up the Chaldeans to bring justice to the Hebrew people. They will defeat the Assyrians. At this time, the Chaldeans were an insignificant city and people group. This was probably intended to show the power of Yahweh. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Habakkuk 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Habakkuk intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/01.md b/hab/02/01.md index 22a9bb8633..e505df5855 100644 --- a/hab/02/01.md +++ b/hab/02/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## I...my...me ## +# I will stand at my guard post and station myself on the watchtower -Habakkuk +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) Habakkuk went to an actual post in the watchtower or 2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of waiting eagerly for Yahweh's response as if he were a watchman waiting at his post for the arrival of a messenger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he ## +# to see what he will say to me -Yahweh +"to see what Yahweh will say to me" -## I will stand at my guard-post and station myself on the watchtower ## +# how I should turn from my complaint -post and station myself on the watchtower** - These phrases say the same thing in two different ways. "I will stand at my post on the watchtower" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) Habakkuk uses these phrases to compare himself waiting to hear from God to a soldier standing guard on a watchtower. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## I should turn from my complaint ## - -The word "turn" compares someone changing their mind to turning from one thing to another. "I should stop complaining and agree with God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "turn" refers to returning an answer. Habakkuk considers what answer he will give concerning the things that he has said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/02.md b/hab/02/02.md index 10f59adc7e..6b7e85e042 100644 --- a/hab/02/02.md +++ b/hab/02/02.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh answers Habakkuk. -## Record this vision, and write plainly upon the tablets ## +# Record this vision, and write plainly on the tablets -Both of these phrases are saying the same thing in two different ways. Alternate translation: "Write clearly on tablets what God is about to tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Both of these phrases are saying the same thing in two different ways. AT: "Write this vision clearly on the tablets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## tablets ## +# tablets These are flat pieces of stone or clay that were used for writing. -## the one reading them might run ## +# so that the one reading them might run -This can mean 1) someone will run with the tablets and read them to people (see UDB) or 2) anyone who reads them will be able to read them easily (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) that the message is easy enough to read that a messenger can read it as he runs from place to place proclaiming the message. AT: "so that the one reading the tablets might be able to run as he reads" or 2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of reading something very quickly as if the person who reads it is running. AT: "so that the one reading the tablets might be able to read quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and will finally speak ## +# the vision ... will finally speak -What is written will happen or become real. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh speaks of the events in the vision happening as if the vision were a person who speaks. AT: "the vision ... will finally happen" or "the vision ... will finally come true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## and will not tarry ## +# Though it delays, wait for it. For it will surely come and will not tarry -Possible meanings: 1) "and will not wait" or 2) "and will not come slowly" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the events of the vision taking a long time to happen as if the vision were a person who does not arrive soon at his destination. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# will not tarry + +Possible meanings are 1) "will not be late" or 2) "will not come slowly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/04.md b/hab/02/04.md index cd6b8785b6..2a9939a797 100644 --- a/hab/02/04.md +++ b/hab/02/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. +# General Information: -## Behold ## +Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. Here he speaks of the Chaldeans as if they were one prideful, drunken man who can never have enough. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed.” +# Look! -## Man's soul is puffed up...within himself...the arrogant young man...he will not abide, but enlarges his desire...and...is never satisfied. He gathers to himself...and gathers up for himself ## +The word "Look!" here adds emphasis to what follows. -Yahweh speaks of the Chaldeans as though they are one person. "The souls of the Chaldeans are puffed up...within themselves...the arrogant young men...they will not abide, but enlarge their desire...and...are never satisfied. They gather to themselves...and gather up for themselves." +# is puffed up -## upright ## +Yahweh speaks of the person who is prideful as if the person were "puffed up." AT: "is very prideful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -correct or as it should be (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# For wine is a betrayer of the arrogant young man -## He gathers to himself every nation and gathers up for himself all of the peoples ## +Yahweh speaks of how a person's judgment is impaired by drinking too much wine as if wine were a person who betrays the one who drinks it. AT: "For the arrogant young man does not get from wine what he wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -This is saying the same thing in two different ways. "He collects all the people from every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) "He" refers to the Chaldeans as though they are one person. +# so that he will not abide -## gathers ## +Here the word "abide" refers to dwelling in a home and is a metaphor for having no place to rest. AT: "so that he will not be able to rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"collects" +# enlarges his desire like the grave and, like death, is never satisfied -## every...all ## +Yahweh speaks of there always being more people to die as if "the grave" and "death" were people who are never satisfied with eating. In the same way, this person always wants more and is never satisfied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -a very large number (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +# He gathers to himself every nation and gathers up for himself all of the peoples + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of conquering nations and capturing the people as if it were gathering nations and peoples to oneself. AT: "He conquers for himself the people of every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/06.md b/hab/02/06.md index f74c2300b9..d597e04705 100644 --- a/hab/02/06.md +++ b/hab/02/06.md @@ -1,41 +1,43 @@ -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. He refers to the Chaldeans as though they are one person. +# General Information: -## people ## +Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The word "people" refers to the Israelites. +# Will not all these create -## take up ## +The words "all these" refer to the nations and peoples from [Habakkuk 2:5](./04.md). This negative rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "All of these nations and peoples will certainly create" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This can mean 1) "begin to use" a proverb of their own or 2) "begin repeating" someone else's proverb +# Woe to the one increasing what is not his -## a taunting proverb ## +It is implicit that he is increasing his possession of things that do not belong to him. AT: "Woe to the one who claims for himself more and more things that do not belong to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -A statement meant to make someone angry or point out their faults. +# For how long will you increase the weight of the pledges you have taken? -## For how long will you increase the weight of the pledges you have taken? ## +The word "pledges" refers to objects that people give to others from whom they have borrowed money as a guarantee that they will repay their debt. As the man collects more and more pledges, the total weight of the pledges that he carries increases. -"At some time you will no longer be able to take pledges from people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This can mean 1) the Chaldeans are like robbers who are carrying around pledges they have forced other people to sign or 2) Yahweh is keeping an account of what the Chaldeans have stolen and will someday require them to pay it back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# For how long will you increase the weight of the pledges you have taken? -## pledges ## +The Chaldeans robbing the people of the nations of their wealth is spoken of as if the Chaldeans were a person who forces others to give him pledges and to pay him what they do not owe. AT: "For how long will you make yourself rich by extorting others?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -promise notes given for a debt that is owed, often written on clay +# Will the ones biting at you not rise up suddenly, and the ones terrifying you awaken? -## Won't the ones gnashing at you rise up suddenly, and the ones terrifying you awaken ## +This negative rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "The ones biting at you will certainly rise up suddenly, and the ones terrifying you will awaken." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This question was asked in order to make the Chaldeans think about the answer. "The ones who are angry at you will come against you, the ones you are afraid of will begin to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# the ones biting at you -## gnashing ## +The Hebrew word translated here as "the ones biting" can also mean "the ones paying interest" or "debtors." In this context, the word probably has both meanings. The phrase is a metaphor in which those whom the man has oppressed and made debtors by forcing them to give him pledges will now oppress him, which is spoken of as if they were biting him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -biting or pressing their teeth together to show anger or sorrow +# the ones terrifying you -## rise up ## +This refers to the same debtors. They will terrify the Chaldeans by attacking them in revenge for the pledges that they were forced to give. -"become more numerous" or "become more powerful" +# rise up ... awaken -## plundered ## +The people of the nations beginning to act against the Chaldeans is spoken of as if they were to "rise up" and to "awaken" from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -stolen or taken by force. +# plunder -## on account ## +to rob or take things by force -"because" \ No newline at end of file +# you have shed human blood + +The idiom "to shed blood" means "to murder." AT: "you have murdered people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/09.md b/hab/02/09.md index 24e3910b0e..b108ab4b88 100644 --- a/hab/02/09.md +++ b/hab/02/09.md @@ -1,41 +1,43 @@ -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. He refers to the Chaldeans as though they are one person. +# General Information: -## who carves out evil gains for his house ## +Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"who works to get dishonest profits for his family" +# the one who carves out evil gains -## set his nest on high ## +A person making a profit by violent means is spoken of as if he were "carving out" gains from something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"builds his house far from trouble" +# the one who carves out evil gains for his house -## the hand of evil ## +Possible meanings are 1) the word "house" is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man builds by means of profits that he gained through violence. AT: "the one who builds his house with riches that he gained through violence" or 2) the word "house" is a metonym for "family" and the man has made his family rich through violence. AT: "the one who makes his family rich by violent means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This can be translated 1) "the hand of evil," treating "evil" as a person (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) or 2) "evil people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). +# so he can set his nest on high to keep himself safe from the hand of evil -## You have devised shame for your house by cutting off many people ## +The person who builds his house is spoken of as if he were a bird that builds its nest in a high place. The man thinks that his house is secure and free from danger, just as predators are unable to reach the nest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"Because you cut off many people, your family will be suffer shame" +# safe from the hand of evil -## You ## +Here the word "hand" is a metonym for power, and the word "evil" is a metonym for people who do evil things. AT: "safe from the power of evil" or "safe from people who will harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -singular (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) +# You have devised shame for your house -## cutting off ## +Here to "devise shame" means that the plans that the man devised have resulted in shame. Possible meanings are 1) the word "house" is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man has built. AT: "By your plans, you have brought shame on the house that you have built" or 2) the word "house" is a metonym for "family." AT: "By your plans, you have brought shame on your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -destroying (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] +# cutting off many people -## sinned against your own soul ## +Killing many people is spoken of as if it were cutting those people off, like one would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "killing many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"hurt yourself" +# have sinned against yourself -## stones...rafters of timber ## +The idiom "to sin against oneself" means that the person has done things that will result in his own death or destruction. AT: "have caused your own ruin" or "have brought about your own death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -The "stones" and "rafters of timber" represent the people hurt in the building of the house, who in turn represent the people destroyed by the Chaldeans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# For the stones will cry out from the wall, and the rafters of timber will answer them -## cry out ## +Here the materials with which the man has built his house are personified as witnesses of the crimes that he has committed. If your culture uses different materials to build houses, you can consider using those materials here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -make accusations to God against the house builder +# cry out -## answer them ## +"cry out against you" or "cry out to accuse you" -agree with the accusations \ No newline at end of file +# will answer them + +"will agree with the stones" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/12.md b/hab/02/12.md index f3da9b6a4f..a8085f6c2e 100644 --- a/hab/02/12.md +++ b/hab/02/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. He refers to the Chaldeans as though they are one person. +# General Information: -## Woe to the one who builds a city with blood, and who establishes a town in iniquity ## +Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -These two phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. Alternate translation: "A warning to the Chaldeans who built their cities with what they have stolen from the people they have killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# Woe to the one who builds a city with blood, and who establishes a town in iniquity -## with blood ## +These two phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. AT: "A warning to the Chaldeans who built their cities with what they have stolen from the people they have killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -by killing people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). Alternate translation: "the one who kills people and steals their goods in order to build a city." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# the one who builds a city with blood -## and who establishes a town in iniquity ## +Here the word "blood" is a metonym for murder. It is implicit that the person builds a city by means of the goods that he stole from those whom he has killed. AT: "the one who kills people and steals their goods in order to build a city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"The one who starts a town through evil behavior." The Chaldeans built their cities using goods stolen from the people they killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# who establishes a town in iniquity -## Is it not from Yahweh of Hosts that peoples labor for fire and that the nations weary themselves for nothing? ## +It is implicit that the person builds a city by means of the goods that he stole from those whom he has killed. Here the word "establishes" means "to begin." AT: "who starts a town by means of the profit that he has acquired through evil behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -God has caused the destruction of what the people built. It is said in two different ways in order to make the meaning more clear. Alternate translation: "Yahweh is the one who causes what people work hard to build to be destroyed by fire and result in nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Is it not from Yahweh of hosts that peoples labor for fire and all the other nations weary themselves for nothing? + +This negative rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer that it anticipates. The two clauses share similar meanings that the work that people do will not last. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Yahweh is the one who has determined that the things that people work hard to build will be destroyed by fire and result in nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# peoples labor for fire + +This means that the things that people labor to build are ultimately destined to be fuel for fire. AT: "peoples labor to build things that will be used as fuel for fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the land will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Yahweh as the waters cover the sea + +This simile compares the way in which people everywhere will know of Yahweh's glory with how water fills every part of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the land will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Yahweh + +The word "knowledge" can be translated with a verbal phrase. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people throughout the land will know the glory of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/15.md b/hab/02/15.md index 605bf25996..ad9ade99cf 100644 --- a/hab/02/15.md +++ b/hab/02/15.md @@ -1,37 +1,43 @@ -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. He refers to the Chaldeans as though they are one person. +# General Information: -## add your poison ## +Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"add your poison to their drink" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# the one who forces his neighbors to drink ... you make them drunk -## You will be gorged with shame rather than glory ## +The way that the Chaldeans cruelly treated other nations is spoken of as if they were a man who forces his neighbors to become drunk so that he can humiliate them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"As you sought great glory, God will bring on you great shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# the one who forces his neighbors to drink -## You ## +It is implied that he makes his neighbor drink wine. AT: "the one who forces his neighbors to drink wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -singular (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) +# in order to look at their nakedness -## Drink of it ## +"so you can look at them when they are naked." This refers to the practice of publicly humiliating people by stripping them naked in front of others. AT: "so that you can humiliate them publicly by stripping them naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"Drink from the poisoned cup" +# You will be filled with shame instead of glory -## The cup of Yahweh's right hand will come in its turn to you ## +The Chaldeans passionately pursuing their own glory is spoken of as if they were eating or drinking it greedily and excessively. Instead of attaining glory, they will find only shame. AT: "You will bring shame upon yourself instead of the glory that you seek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"As Yahweh has punished other nations with all his might, so he will punish you with all his might" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# Drink -## The cup ## +Others treating the Chaldeans the way that the Chaldeans had treated others is spoken of as if the Chaldeans were to drink the wine that they had forced others to drink. AT: "Drink from the cup" or "Drink the wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"The poisoned wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# you will expose your uncircumcised foreskin -## right hand ## +This phrase is similar to the Chaldeans forcing others to strip naked so that they could look at their nakedness. Here the words "uncircumcised foreskin" indicate that they will be humiliated not just by being naked, but because their uncircumcision proves that they do not belong to Yahweh's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -the stronger hand +# The cup in Yahweh's right hand is coming around to you -## will come in its turn to you ## +Yahweh punishing the Chaldeans is spoken of as if he were forcing them to drink wine from a cup that he holds in his hand. Yahweh's right hand represents his power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"will come to you as it did to others" +# The cup in Yahweh's right hand -## disgrace will cover your honor ## +"The cup that Yahweh holds in his right hand" or "The cup that Yahweh is holding" -"everyone will see your disgrace and no one will see your honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# is coming around to you + +"will come to you as it did to others" or "will pass along to you" + +# disgrace will cover your glory + +The Chaldeans experiencing disgrace instead of glory is spoken of as if disgrace were an object that covers the glory that they thought they had. AT: "disgrace will replace your glory" or "people will disgrace you instead of honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/17.md b/hab/02/17.md index a31b933ee9..2021cb6508 100644 --- a/hab/02/17.md +++ b/hab/02/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -God continues to speak of how he will punish the Chaldeans +# General Information: -## cover ## +Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -overwhelm +# The violence done to Lebanon will overwhelm you -## destruction of beasts will terrify you ## +The Chaldeans being punished for the violence done to Lebanon is spoken of as if their violent actions were a person who will overpower them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -"the deaths of animals will make you afraid" \ No newline at end of file +# The violence done to Lebanon + +Possible meanings for the word "Lebanon" are 1) it represents the forest of Lebanon. AT: "The violence done to the trees of Lebanon" or 2) it represents the people of Lebanon. AT: "The violence done to the people of Lebanon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the destruction of animals will terrify you + +The Chaldeans being punished for destroying the animals in Lebanon is spoken of as if their destruction were a person who will terrify them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# For you have shed human blood ... all who live in them + +See how you translated this sentence in [Habakkuk 2:8](./06.md). + +# you have shed human blood + +The idiom "to shed blood" means "to murder." AT: "you have murdered people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/18.md b/hab/02/18.md index 49eefc4cce..a3a64054e6 100644 --- a/hab/02/18.md +++ b/hab/02/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,43 @@ -## you ## +# General Information: -the word "you" refers to the Chaldeans. +Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## cast figure ## +# What does the carved figure profit you? -This is a statue created by pouring liquid metal into something carved in the form that is wanted. The metal will take the form of the cast and harden as a figure or statue. +This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The carved figure profits you nothing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## molten ## +# you -This is the word for metal when it is in its liquid form. +The word "you" refers to the Chaldeans. -## he is a teacher of lies ## +# molten metal -This phrase refers to the carved figure. By being in the form of a false god, he is teaching a lie. \ No newline at end of file +This describes metal when it is in its liquid form. + +# a teacher of lies + +This phrase refers to the one who carved or cast the figure. By making a false god, he is teaching a lie. + +# Or to the silent stone + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "Woe to the one saying to the silent stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Do these things teach? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "These things cannot teach." or "Wood and stone cannot teach." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# See + +"Indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# it is overlaid with gold and silver + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a person overlays the wood or stone with gold and silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there is no breath at all within it + +The idiom "no breath ... within it" means that it is not alive, but dead. AT: "it is not alive" or "it is dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all the land + +Here the word "land" is a metonym for the people who live in the land. AT: "everyone in the land" or "everyone on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/intro.md b/hab/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..72eeeec554 --- /dev/null +++ b/hab/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Habakkuk 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:1-20, which are extended quotations. + +This chapter is arranged in a series of questions and answers between Yahweh and Habakkuk. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The righteous will live by his faith" ##### +This is an important phrase in Scripture. Paul also uses it to explain that man is justified by his faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Habakkuk 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/01.md b/hab/03/01.md index 5379826e4d..d0c3add61d 100644 --- a/hab/03/01.md +++ b/hab/03/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## I have heard your report ## +# The prayer of Habakkuk the prophet: -This can mean 1) "I have heard people talk about what you have done" (see UDB) or 2) "I heard what you just said." +These words introduce the third chapter of this book. This can be stated as a complete sentence. AT: "This is the prayer that Habakkuk the prophet prayed to Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## revive your work ## +# I have heard your report -"bring your work back to life" or "do again what you did before" +Possible meanings are 1) "I have heard people talk about what you have done in the past" or 2) "I have heard what you just said." -## make it known ## +# revive your work -" make your work known" \ No newline at end of file +Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh doing again the things that he has done in the past as if Yahweh were to cause his work to live again. AT: "bring your work back to life" or "what you did before, do again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the midst of these times + +This idiom refers to the time at which Habakkuk prayed this prayer, as opposed to times when Yahweh had acted in the past to rescue his people. AT: "in our own times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# make it known + +"make your work known" or "cause people to know your work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/03.md b/hab/03/03.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..14d3d63f4b --- /dev/null +++ b/hab/03/03.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + +Habakkuk begins to describe his vision of Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. The vision continues through [Habakkuk 3:15](./14.md). It is full of metaphorical language and uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# God came from Teman, and the Holy One from Mount Paran + +Teman and Mount Paran were both located south of Judah. Habakkuk speaks of God coming to Judah from the direction of Mount Sinai. + +# His glory covered the heavens + +"His splendor covered the sky." Here the word "glory" refers to the bright light that biblical writers often associate with God's presence. + +# the earth was full of his praise + +Here the word "praise" is a metonym for God's qualities that cause people to praise him. AT: "the earth was full of his glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/04.md b/hab/03/04.md index 79cbbb2fa4..ccd3b01d20 100644 --- a/hab/03/04.md +++ b/hab/03/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -## rays ## +# With brightness like the light -These are the lines of light that come from light sources such as the sun. +Here the word "brightness" likely refers to the brightness that is often associated with Yahweh's glory. Possible meanings are 1) the brightness of Yahweh's glory was like flashes of lightning or 2) the brightness of Yahweh's glory was like the rising of the sun. -## his...his...his ## +# two-pronged rays flash from his hand -Yahweh's +Habakkuk speaks of flashes of lightning as if they were two-pronged weapons that Yahweh holds in his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Pestilence ## +# there he hid his power -"Sickness that killed many people" \ No newline at end of file +The word "there" refers to Yahweh's hand. Possible meanings are 1) the lightning bolts that Habakkuk can see are only a small representation of the full power that he cannot see hidden in Yahweh's hand or 2) Yahweh hides his power in his hand until he is ready to use it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/06.md b/hab/03/06.md index 4d6f2b7587..3f2cfb5366 100644 --- a/hab/03/06.md +++ b/hab/03/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -## measured the earth ## +# He stood -This can mean 1) he surveyed it the way a conqueror would before assigning portions to his governors (see ULB) or 2) he made it shake (see UDB). +This means that Yahweh stopped walking and stood still, not that he stood up from a seated position. -## eternal mountains...everlasting hills ## +# measured the earth -"mountains that have existed since the beginning of time...hills that will exist until the end of time." If your language has no different words for "hills" and "mountains" or for "eternal" and "everlasting," you can combine them as the ULB did. +Possible meanings are 1) the word translated as "measured" can be "shook" or 2) he surveyed the earth the way a conqueror would before assigning portions to his governors. -## bowed down ## +# eternal mountains ... everlasting hills -in worship to God. "were flattened to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +"mountains that have existed since the beginning of time ... hills that will exist until the end of time." If your language has no different words for "hills" and "mountains" or for "eternal" and "everlasting," you can combine them as the UDB has done. + +# Even the eternal mountains were shattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Even the eternal mountains crumbled" or "He shattered even the eternal mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the everlasting hills bowed down + +The hills being flattened like level ground is spoken of as if they were people who bow down before Yahweh. AT: "the everlasting hills collapsed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# His path is everlasting + +Possible meanings are 1) the words "His path" may be a metaphor that speaks of Yahweh and his actions as a path on which he walks. AT: "He is everlasting" or 2) Habakkuk speaks of the path upon which Yahweh walks in the vision as being everlasting, indicating that this is the same path that Yahweh had taken in ancient times. AT: "He walks along an ancient path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/07.md b/hab/03/07.md index 82cd1bcabb..8301507c14 100644 --- a/hab/03/07.md +++ b/hab/03/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -## the tents of Cushan in affliction, and the fabric of the tents...of Midian trembling ## +# I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling -The people of Midian and Cushan who tremble or shake with fear are like tent cloth that moves when the wind blows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the words "the tents" and "the fabric of the tents" are metonyms for the people who live in those tents. AT: "I saw the people who live in tents in the land of Cushan in affliction, and the people who live in tents in the land of Midian trembling" or 2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of the tents in Cushan and Midian being blown about by a storm as if the tents were people who were trembling in affliction. AT: "I saw the tents of Cushan blown about like people in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling as if they were people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Cushan ## +# Cushan -This can be 1) the name of a people group otherwise unknown or 2) the same as Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +This can be 1) the name of a people group otherwise unknown or 2) the same as Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## Was Yahweh angry with the rivers? Was your wrath against the rivers, or your fury against the sea...? ## +# you rode upon your horses and your victorious chariots -If your language does not have separate words for "angry" and "wrath" and "fury," you can combine the lines: "Was Yahweh angry with the rivers? Was your fury against the sea...?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) Alternate translation: "Yahweh was not angry with the rivers. Your wrath was not against the rivers, nor was your fury against the sea...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## you rode upon your horses, your chariot of salvation ## - -As a soldier would ride a horse or a chariot into battle, Yahweh came to save the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +The phrases "your horses" and "your victorious chariots" both refer to the same thing. This speaks of Yahweh as if he were a warrior riding a horse-drawn chariot into battle. AT: "you rode your horse-drawn chariots to victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/09.md b/hab/03/09.md index 499a66b9e5..151a2e08f2 100644 --- a/hab/03/09.md +++ b/hab/03/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Selah ## +# General Information: -This term means “stop and reflect” or “lift up, exalt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -## The mountains saw you and twisted in pain ## +# You have brought out your bow without a cover -As God divided the earth, the mountains moved, as if they could see God's actions and react by turning away from where the earth was divided. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This means that Yahweh has removed his bow from its protective case and is prepared to shoot. AT: "You have prepared to shoot your bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the deep sea raised a shout! ## +# You divided the earth with rivers -the sound of large waves in the sea +Possible meanings are 1) "You created rivers that divide the lands through which they run" or 2) "You split open the earth and rivers flowed forth." -## It lifted up its waves! ## +# The mountains saw you and twisted in pain -water levels rise \ No newline at end of file +The effects that Yahweh's presence has on the mountains is spoken of as if the mountains were people who writhe in pain. This may refer either to the mountains shaking from an earthquake or to the water from the storm eroding the sides of the mountains as the streams flow down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Downpours of water passed over them + +Possible meanings are 1) torrential rains fell on the mountains or 2) the rain caused raging streams to flow down the mountains. + +# the deep sea raised a shout + +The loud noises that the sea makes as the wind and storm pass over it are spoken of as if the sea were a person who begins to shout loudly. AT: "the deep sea became loud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# It lifted up its waves + +The level of the water in the sea rising and the storm winds causing waves in the sea is spoken of as if the sea were a person who lifts its waves. AT: "Waves began to form in the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/11.md b/hab/03/11.md index 572d847827..e4f11da9ee 100644 --- a/hab/03/11.md +++ b/hab/03/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -## lofty ## +# The sun and moon stood still -very high +The sun and moon not moving in the sky is spoken of as if they were people who stopped walking and stood still. AT: "The sun and moon stopped moving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## at the light of your arrows ## +# in their high places -because the light of Yahweh's arrows was so bright +"in the sky" -## gleaming ## +# at the flash of your arrows ... at the lightning of your flashing spear -bright +These two phrases share similar meanings and tell why the sun and moon have stood still. The lightning flashes in the sky are spoken of as if they were arrows that Yahweh shoots from his bow or a shining spear that he throws through the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## indignation ## +# the flash of your arrows as they fly -anger at something that is wrong \ No newline at end of file +"the flash of your flying arrows" + +# indignation + +"great anger" or "fury" + +# you have threshed the nations + +Yahweh punishing the people of the nations is spoken of as if he threshed the nations. Threshing refers to the practice of having an ox or some other animal trample upon grain stalks in order to crush them and remove the grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/13.md b/hab/03/13.md index 2bb708af31..9f258cb624 100644 --- a/hab/03/13.md +++ b/hab/03/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Habakkuk describes Yahweh. +# General Information: -## your anointed one ## +Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. The last sentence in this verse is difficult to translate. Read each of the translationNotes on that sentence below to see different ways to translate it. -This can also mean "your Messiah," but the reference is clearly to "your people," so use a common noun here, not as a proper name. +# You went out for the salvation of your people -## You shatter the head of the house of the wicked ## +The word "salvation" can be translated with a verb. AT: "You went out to save your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"You completely destroy the leader of the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# your anointed one + +"the one whom you have anointed." Here this phrase refers to one whom Yahweh has chosen. Possible meanings are 1) "the people you have chosen" or "the nation you have chosen" or 2) "the king you have chosen." + +# You shatter the head of the house of the wicked to lay bare from the base up to the neck + +Possible meanings are 1) killing the leader and destroying the people is spoken of as if someone were destroying a house. Here the leader is the head, that is, the roof of the house; and "base" and "neck" represent other parts of the house. AT: "You destroy the roof of the wicked house and demolish the rest of the building" or "You kill the leader of the wicked nation and completely destroy the nation" or 2) Killing the leader and removing honor and power from the people is spoken of as if someone were shattering a person's head and stripping off all of his clothes. Here the leader is the "head," and "house" represents the people who are the body. AT: "The wicked people and their leader are like a man whose head you crush and whose body you strip naked from foot to neck" or "You kill the leader of the wicked people and completely remove all of the people's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/14.md b/hab/03/14.md index a55e0bdc06..367ac7b2ff 100644 --- a/hab/03/14.md +++ b/hab/03/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Habakkuk describes Yahweh destroying the Chaldeans. +# General Information: -## they came like a storm ## +Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -The power and quickness of the Chaldeans as they attacked the people of Israel is compared to the coming of a sudden storm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# You have pierced the head of his warriors with his own arrows -## gloating ## +The word "his" refers to the leader of the Chaldeans. Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the warriors are spoken of as if they were a body and the leader were the head. AT: "You have killed with his own spear the one who leads the warriors" or 2) the word "head" refers to the heads of each of the warriors. AT: "With the leader's own spear, you have pierced the heads of each of his warriors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"bragging" +# they came like a storm -## devours the poor in a hiding place ## +The power and quickness of the Chaldeans as they attacked the people of Israel is compared to the coming of a sudden storm. AT: "they came quickly like a storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -finds poor people who are hiding from them and kills them and takes all their goods (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# their gloating was like one who devours the poor in a hiding place -## devours ## +The word "gloating" here means to rejoice for bad reasons and can be translated with a verb. The warriors treating people cruelly or killing them is spoken of as if the warriors were wild beasts who carry their prey to their hiding places in order to eat it. AT: "they gloated like a person who secretly abuses poor people" or "they rejoiced when they oppressed the poor, acting as if they would eat them like a beast eats its prey in its den" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -eats everything quickly \ No newline at end of file +# heaped up the great waters + +Yahweh causing the waters to surge is spoken of as if he heaped the water up into piles. AT: "caused the great waters to surge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/16.md b/hab/03/16.md index aa4a4b37d9..8285135e27 100644 --- a/hab/03/16.md +++ b/hab/03/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Habakkuk describes his fear when he thinks about how Yahweh would punish the Chaldeans. +# General Information: -## my inner parts trembled! My lips quivered...Decay comes into my bones...under myself I tremble ## +Habakkuk describes his reaction to his vision of Yahweh. -These refer to fear caused by thinking about future events. Habakkuk uses several parts of his body to express that every part of him is afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# I heard -## Decay ## +You may indicate what it is that Habakkuk heard. Possible meanings are 1) "I heard everything in that vision" or 2) "I heard Yahweh approach like a great storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -rot \ No newline at end of file +# my inner parts trembled + +The word translated here as "inner parts" is literally "belly." If your language has a specific internal organ that it uses to express the feeling of great fear, you can consider using it here. AT: "my heart beat rapidly" or "my stomach turned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# My lips quivered at the sound + +Quivering lips is another spontaneous response that comes with great fear. + +# Decay comes into my bones + +Habakkuk speaks of having no strength in his body as if his bones began to decay. You may consider using an idiom from your own language here. AT: "My body goes limp, as if my bones were rotting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# under myself I tremble + +The words "under myself" refer to what is below him. Possible meanings for the idiom are 1) "my legs tremble" or 2) "I tremble where I stand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/17.md b/hab/03/17.md index b7bf90b6a6..90ee7ff1f1 100644 --- a/hab/03/17.md +++ b/hab/03/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## fig tree...vines...olive tree...fields..flock...cattle ## +# General Information: -there is no food. These are almost all the sources of food to be found in the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +Habakkuk describes his reaction to his vision of Yahweh. + +# though the produce of the olive tree disappoints + +"though the produce of the olive tree fails" or "though the olive tree fails to produce olives" + +# though the flock is cut off from the fold + +The word "flock" may refer to sheep or goats, or both. The word "fold" refers to the fenced-in area where shepherds keep their flock. Habakkuk speaks of the flock dying as if someone were to cut off the flock, as a person would cut a branch from a tree. AT: "though all the flock dies and the folds are empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/18.md b/hab/03/18.md index 245841939f..0efd26cca8 100644 --- a/hab/03/18.md +++ b/hab/03/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Habakkuk praises Yahweh. +# General Information: -## rejoice…be happy ## +Habakkuk continues to describe his reaction to his vision of Yahweh and determines to praise him. -Both words mean "be joyful" (see UDB), but if your language has a special word for rejoicing after winning a battle, use that for "exult" here. +# the God of my salvation -## makes my feet like hinds’ feet and leads me upon my high places ## +The word "salvation" can be translated with a verb. AT: "the God who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -Feet like a hind, or a deer, would give Habakkuk the ability to climb steep rocky cliffs. The words "high places" refer to places out of the reach of danger. He is saying God is giving him the ability to find a place of safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +# he makes my feet like the deer's. He makes me go forward on my high places + +Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh keeping him safe and enabling him to survive during difficult times as if Yahweh were to make him as sure-footed as a deer that can climb easily on rugged and dangerous mountain sides. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/intro.md b/hab/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..832f3742d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/hab/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Habakkuk 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:1-20, which is a prayer by Habakkuk. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Poetry ##### +Although this is a prayer, it is in the form of poetry. Habakkuk uses startling imagery to show his fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Habakkuk 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/front/intro.md b/hab/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4a1a1abe3a --- /dev/null +++ b/hab/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +# Introduction to Habakkuk # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Habakkuk #### + +1. Will sins go unpunished? (1:1–4) +1. Yahweh's answer: The Babylonians are his chosen instruments to punish Israel (1:5–11) +1. How can Yahweh use wicked, unholy, godless people as his instruments of punishment? (1:12–2:1) +1. Yahweh's answer: All people will be punished, but the "righteous will live by his faith" (2:2–4) +1. The five woes of Habakkuk + - Woe against the thieves (2:6–8) + - Woe against those who use unjust means to gain riches (2:9–11) + - Woe against those who kill in order to build a town (2:12–14) + - Woe against those who abuse their neighbors and do violence to them (2:15–18) + - Woe against those who worship idols when Yahweh is in his holy temple (2:19–20) +1. The prayer of Habakkuk about the glory of Yahweh (3:1–19) + +#### What is the Book of Habakkuk about? #### + +While many other prophets complained about Israel's sin and failure to obey the law of Yahweh, Habakkuk accuses Yahweh by asking him questions about the things he does. Habakkuk says the Babylonians are more evil and are more deserving of Yahweh's punishment. Overall, the book is addressed to the rich people in Judah who mistreated the poor and to the evil religious leaders. Because of this fact, the idea of justice is important in the Book of Habakkuk. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may decide to translate this traditional title "The Book of Habakkuk" in a way that is more clear to the readers. They may decide to call it "The Sayings of Habakkuk." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote Habakkuk? #### + +Nothing is known about Habakkuk, from whom this message came. The Chaldean empire, mentioned in several places in Habakkuk, helps us to date Habakkuk's life. The Chaldean empire had power from about 720 to 538 BC. It is probable that Habakkuk worked about the time of Jeremiah, Zephaniah, and Nahum during the reigns of Kings Josiah, Jehoahaz, and Jehoiakim in Judah. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Why did God use an evil nation to punish Judah? #### + +Habakkuk seeks to address this issue. He explains that a person should be obedient to Yahweh and should live a righteous life. He says evil must be punished, but that God determines the timing of its punishment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How do I identify the speaker? #### + +It should be noted that Habakkuk often speaks to Yahweh, and Yahweh replies to him. The translator should be careful to identify the speaker (Habakkuk or Yahweh) in each section. The translator may wish to make the speaker explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### What style of writing is the Book of Habakkuk? #### + +While much of the book of Habakkuk is conversation between the prophet and God, the third chapter is a psalm. This chapter contains information about how to sing this psalm; the author uses musical terms. + +#### Does Habakkuk question or challenge God? #### + +There are times when Habakkuk speaks directly to God in a way that can be taken as challenging God. Habakkuk is not intending to question the authority of Yahweh but is stating, "I do not understand." In some cultures, it may be improper to speak to an authority in this way. It may be necessary to rephrase Habakkuk's questions to emphasize his sincere desire to learn why God is doing what he is doing, without doubting him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/01.md b/hag/01/01.md index 5ed35c0e34..600b772f7c 100644 --- a/hag/01/01.md +++ b/hag/01/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## second year of Darius….sixth month…first day of the month ## +# In the second year of Darius the king -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]). +"In the second year of the reign of Darius the king" or "After Darius had been king for more than a year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## second year of Darius the king, ## +# Darius ... Haggai ... Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel ... Joshua ... Jehozadak -"second year of the reign of Darius the king," or UDB. +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## came by the hand of Haggai ## +# in the sixth month, on the first day of the month -Haggai was the messenger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). +"on the first day of the sixth month." This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Darius….Haggai….Zerubbabel….Shealtiel….Jehozadak ## +# the word of Yahweh came -These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). \ No newline at end of file +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# by the hand of Haggai + +Here the word "hand" refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](./01.md). AT: "through Haggai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Yahweh's house + +the temple \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/03.md b/hag/01/03.md index 741915ec22..95c3b4d6d6 100644 --- a/hag/01/03.md +++ b/hag/01/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## the hand of Haggai ## +# the word of Yahweh came -AT:"came through the words (or 'mouth') of Haggai". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](./01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## "Is it a time for you yourselves to live in your finished houses? ## +# by the hand of Haggai -AT: see UDB (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +Here the word "hand" refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](./01.md). AT: "through Haggai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## while this house lies ruined ## +# Is it a time for you ... ruined? -The word "house" here refers to the temple of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). +Yahweh is rebuking the people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Now is not the time for you ... ruined." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## but cannot get drunk ## +# this house -AT: "but you are still thirsty". +the temple of Yahweh -## the wage earner earns money only to put it into a bag full of holes ## +# but cannot get drunk -AT: "the money you make at a job does not buy you enough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). \ No newline at end of file +There is not enough wine to satisfy the people's thirst and not nearly enough for drunkenness. The reader should understand that the text is not calling drunkenness a good thing. + +# the wage earner earns money only to put it into a bag full of holes + +Not earning enough money to buy necessary goods is spoken of as if the person were losing the money that falls out through holes in the money bag. AT: "the money the worker earns is gone before he finishes buying everything he needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/07.md b/hag/01/07.md index 59e167b048..69a1da29a8 100644 --- a/hag/01/07.md +++ b/hag/01/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## bring timber ## +# bring timber -This represents only a part of what they needed to build the Temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). +This represents only a part of what they needed to build the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Yahweh of hosts' declaration ## +# behold -“what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “what Yahweh of hosts has solemnly said” \ No newline at end of file +"listen carefully" + +# I blew it away + +The people not being able to find what they were looking for is spoken of as if Yahweh had blown on dust so it would go away. AT: "I made sure there was nothing there for you to find" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# declares Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/10.md b/hag/01/10.md index 203d98d9ca..a52fcc05cf 100644 --- a/hag/01/10.md +++ b/hag/01/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## the heavens ## +# the heavens withhold the dew from you -AT: "the sky" +The dew that appears at night is spoken of as if it formed in the sky and fell like rain. The sky is spoken of as if it were a person who refused to give a present or a parent who refused to feed his child. AT: "the sky does not allow the dew to fall" or "no dew forms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## withhold the dew ## +# I have summoned a drought upon the land -AT: "withhold the rains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). +Rain not falling for a long time is spoken of as if Yahweh had told a person to come and make the land dry. AT: "I have kept the rain from falling on the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## drought ## +# upon the new wine, upon the oil -Dryness that will hinder or prevent the growth of plants and dry up all the water that is needed for animals or people in that area. +"Wine" and "oil" are metonyms for grapes and olives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## upon the new wine, upon the oil ## +# all the labor of your hands -Wine refers to grapes and oil refers to olives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). - -## labor of your hands!'" ## - -"all the hard work you have done!" and UDB (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "labor" can be translated using the phrase "work hard." The labor that the hands perform is a metonym for the things that the labor produces. The hand is a metonym for the person. AT: "everything you have worked hard to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/12.md b/hag/01/12.md index 3490312a75..81024b30ed 100644 --- a/hag/01/12.md +++ b/hag/01/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## and the words of Haggai the prophet ## +# Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel ... Joshua ... Jehozadak ... Haggai -"when they heard the words that Haggai the prophet spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). +See how you translated these men's names in [Haggai 1:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the face of Yahweh ## +# obeyed the voice of Yahweh ... the words of Haggai -AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). +The voice and the words are metonyms for the persons. AT: "obeyed Yahweh and Haggai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# the people feared the face of Yahweh -“what Yahweh has declared” or “what Yahweh has solemnly said” \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the face could be a synecdoche for the person. AT: "the people feared Yahweh" or 2) the face could be a metonym for the person's presence. AT: "the people were afraid to be in Yahweh's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +"this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/14.md b/hag/01/14.md index bb29132255..9014c0d49a 100644 --- a/hag/01/14.md +++ b/hag/01/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## stirred up the spirit ## +# Yahweh stirred up the spirit of the governor of Judah, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and the spirit of the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people -means to motivate or influence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). +Stirring the spirit is a metonym for making someone want to act. AT: "Yahweh made the governor of Judah, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and all the remnant of the people want to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## remnant ## +# remnant -The word "remnant" refers to the people that were still alive after they arrived from their captivity in Babylon and started to rebuild Jerusalem. +people who were still alive after being captive in Babylon and had returned to Jerusalem -## in the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month, in the second year of Darius the king. ## +# in the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month -fourth day of the sixth month, in the second year of Darius the king.** - This is just 23 days after he received the vision. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]). +This is just 23 days after he received the vision. This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## second year of Darius the king, ## +# the second year of Darius the king -"second year of the reign of Darius the king," or UDB. \ No newline at end of file +"second year of the reign of Darius the king" or "after Darius had been king for more than one year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/intro.md b/hag/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e0058c43c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/hag/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Haggai 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:4-11, which is the poetic part of the quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Farming imagery ##### +Scripture frequently uses the imagery of farming in reference to spiritual matters. The statement "You have sown much seed, but bring in little harvest" indicates that they had done a lot but have very little to show for it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/seed]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Haggai 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Haggai intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/01.md b/hag/02/01.md index a215bcb8d5..104148fe13 100644 --- a/hag/02/01.md +++ b/hag/02/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## In the seventh month on the twenty-first day of the month, ## +# In the seventh month on the twenty-first day of the month -first day of the month,** - (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]). +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-first day is near the middle of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## came by the hand of Haggai ## +# the word of Yahweh came -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Haggai, Zerubbabel, Shealtiel, and Jehozakak ## +# by the hand of Haggai -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hand" refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "through Haggai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Haggai ... Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel ... Joshua ... Jehozadak + +See how you translated these men's names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/03.md b/hag/02/03.md index 64342e3aec..d496276e98 100644 --- a/hag/02/03.md +++ b/hag/02/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## Is it not like nothing in your eyes ## +# General Information: -"It must look hopeless to you at this time." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +Yahweh speaks to the people about the new temple they are building. They are building it on the same place their ancestors built the former temple, which Nebuchadnezzar completely destroyed. This new temple is much smaller than the former temple. -## Now, be strong, ## +# Who is left among you who saw this house in its former glory? -"From now on be strong," \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the new temple as if it were the same building as the old temple. He is telling those who had seen the former temple to pay attention. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I want those among you who saw this house in its former glory to pay attention." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# How do you see it now? + +Yahweh is telling them that he knows what they are thinking about the new temple. He speaks of the new temple as if it were the same building as the old temple. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I know what you think of this new temple." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Is it not like nothing in your eyes? + +Yahweh is telling the people that he understands that they are disappointed because the new temple is so small. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I know that you think it is not important at all." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# Now, be strong + +"From now on, be strong" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/06.md b/hag/02/06.md index cf4f26b920..5522929058 100644 --- a/hag/02/06.md +++ b/hag/02/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## shake the heavens and the earth, ## +# I will ... shake the heavens ... the earth ... the sea ... the dry land ... every nation -a very great disturbance. \ No newline at end of file +The words "I will shake the earth" could be translated as "I will cause an earthquake," and that earthquake would shake "the sea" as well as "the dry land," a merism for the entire earth. Yahweh speaks of the heavens and every nation as if they also were solid objects that he could shake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# shake + +Use the verb you usually use for pushing trees back and forth to get fruit or other objects to fall from them. + +# I will fill this house with glory + +Yahweh speaks of glory as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put into a container, the temple. Possible meanings are 1) the temple will become very beautiful. AT: "I will make this house very beautiful" or 2) the "precious things" that "every nation will bring" include much silver and gold and other forms of wealth. AT: "I will have people bring many beautiful things into this house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/08.md b/hag/02/08.md index 0f4c921ec0..f682acd489 100644 --- a/hag/02/08.md +++ b/hag/02/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## 'The silver and gold are mine!' ## +# The silver and gold are mine -The words "silver and gold" refer to the treasures brought to the temple. \ No newline at end of file +The words "silver and gold" are a metonym for the treasures that the nations would bring into the temple ([Haggai 2:7](./06.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/10.md b/hag/02/10.md index 778a86352e..efe485d7c4 100644 --- a/hag/02/10.md +++ b/hag/02/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## In the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month ## +# On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month -fourth day of the ninth month** - (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]). +This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## in the second year of Darius ## +# in the second year of Darius -"in the second year of the reign of Darius" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]). +"in the second year of the reign of Darius" or "when Darius had been king for more than one year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Darius ## +# Darius ... Haggai -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these men's names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the word of Yahweh came + +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# meat that is set apart to Yahweh ... holy + +The words "that is set apart to Yahweh" and the word "holy" translate the same Hebrew word. "holy meat ... holy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/13.md b/hag/02/13.md index 60ea1c0c47..eccda9753f 100644 --- a/hag/02/13.md +++ b/hag/02/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## "'So it is with this people and this nation before me!' ## +# because of death -"This is true with the people of Israel!" or "This same principle holds true for the people of Israel!" \ No newline at end of file +"because he has touched a dead body" + +# So Haggai answered and said, "So it is ... is unclean + +Haggai answers the priests with the words that Yahweh told Haggai to tell the priests. AT: "So Haggai answered and told them Yahweh's words: 'So it is ... is unclean" + +# So it is with this people and this nation before me + +"I look at this people and this nation the same way." Yahweh reminds the priests that a clean thing that touches an unclean thing becomes unclean. He then reminds them that he thinks of them as unclean because they have been worshiping idols, and so everything they touch and make becomes unclean. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/15.md b/hag/02/15.md index 9cffa9de16..c0891eba57 100644 --- a/hag/02/15.md +++ b/hag/02/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## So now, consider from this day forward, ## +# Before stone was placed upon stone in the temple -"Remember what it was like," +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Before you laid the first stones for the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for twenty measures of grain, ## +# twenty measures -A "measure" is an unknown amount. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]). +"20 measures." A "measure" is an unknown amount. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## fifty measures of wine, ## +# fifty measures -A "measure" is an unknown amount. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]). +"50 measures." A "measure" is an unknown amount. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## I struck you and all the work of your hands ## +# all the work of your hands -"I cursed your labor and all your crops". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). \ No newline at end of file +"everything you made" or "your crops" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/18.md b/hag/02/18.md index e1a6e2a67e..de2f8f6295 100644 --- a/hag/02/18.md +++ b/hag/02/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month ## +# the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month -fourth day of the ninth month** - (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]). +This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Haggai 2:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Is there still seed in the storehouse? ## +# the day that the foundation of Yahweh's temple was laid -The expected answer is 'no'. This question is used to highlight what the readers already knew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the day that you laid the foundation of Yahweh's temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the fig tree, the pomegranate, and the olive tree ## +# Is there still seed in the storehouse? -These are fruits grown in the land. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is preparing the people for the promise he is about to give them. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You can see that there is no seed in the storehouse." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The vine, the fig tree, the pomegranate, and the olive tree + +"Your grape vines, fig trees, pomegranate trees, and olive trees" + +# the pomegranate + +This is a type of sweet fruit. You may need to make explicit that the tree is being spoken of. AT: "the pomegranate tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/20.md b/hag/02/20.md index 69e491130f..58fe20af95 100644 --- a/hag/02/20.md +++ b/hag/02/20.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## Haggai ## +# the word of Yahweh came -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## on the twenty-fourth day of the month ## +# Haggai ... Zerubbabel -fourth day of the month** - (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]). +These are names of men. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## I will shake the heavens and the earth ## +# on the twenty-fourth day of the month -Yahweh will cause disruption in their world. +You may need to make explicit which month is spoken of. AT: "on the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## the heavens and the earth ## +# I will shake the heavens and the earth -This phrase is a figure of speech. AT: "the whole universe". +The words "I will shake the earth" could be translated as "I will cause an earthquake." Yahweh speaks of the heavens as if they also were solid objects that he could shake. See how these ideas are translated in [Haggai 2:6](./06.md).(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for I will overthrow the throne of kingdoms ## +# shake -Governments will fall apart in the chaos. +Use the verb you usually use for pushing trees back and forth to get fruit or other objects to fall from them. See how you translated this in [Haggai 2:6](./06.md). -## the throne of kingdoms ## +# the heavens and the earth -AT: "government ruled by kings". +This is a merism for "the whole universe" or "everything that exists." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## the chariots and their riders ## +# I will overthrow the throne of kingdoms -"Chariots" were horse-drawn carts used in battle. +The throne is a metonym for the person sitting on the throne. AT: "I will take kings off of their thrones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## brother's sword ## +# the throne of kingdoms -AT: "the sword on a fellow soldier". \ No newline at end of file +Here "throne" is a metonym for the king who sits on it. AT: "government ruled by kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will ... destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the nations + +You may need to make explicit that "the nations" are Israel's enemies. AT: "I will make it so the kingdoms of the nations that are Israel's enemies are no longer strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# each one because of his brother's sword + +The sword here is a metonym for violent death. AT: "each one because his brother has killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/23.md b/hag/02/23.md index 698938d3ec..d3cc174204 100644 --- a/hag/02/23.md +++ b/hag/02/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Zerubbabal ## +# On that day -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). \ No newline at end of file +"On the day I choose to act" + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel + +See how you translated these men's names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will make you like a signet ring + +Kings used a signet ring to seal documents to show that they truly had his authority. Zerubbabel would have authority from Yahweh because he would speak Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/intro.md b/hag/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..47f995ba92 --- /dev/null +++ b/hag/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Haggai 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:3-9, 21-23, which is the poetic part of the quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Unclean ##### +Haggai uses an extended metaphor in this chapter related to ritual cleanliness. While the Jews were not unclean by nature as the Gentiles were, their actions made them unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Haggai 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/front/intro.md b/hag/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4a90966c65 --- /dev/null +++ b/hag/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Introduction to Haggai # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Haggai #### + +1. The temple must be completed if Yahweh's blessings are going to be restored to the nation (1:1–15) +1. The smaller and less impressive temple will be more glorious than the first (2:1–9) +1. Disobedience causes failure in worship; sinful selfishness leads to crop failures (2:10–19) +1. A promise made to Zerubbabel (2:20–23) + +#### What is the Book of Haggai about? #### + +The purpose of Haggai was to encourage the returning exiles to construct a second temple in Jerusalem. His short prophetic ministry lasted only a few months, but his words of encouragement were so effective that the work was quickly completed. The people's disobedience was the reason for economic hardship and crop failures. Obedience to the law of Yahweh could solve these problems. Also, he accused the Levites of failing in their service to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### +Translators may decide to translate this traditional title "The Book of Haggai" in a way that is more clear to the readers. They may decide to call it "The Sayings of Haggai." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Haggai? #### + +The prophet Haggai wrote this book, but very little is known about him. The book was written after the exiles returned from Babylon which occurred during the reign of Darius I in Persia. The prophecies of Haggai probably all occurred during a four-month time frame. Haggai lived at the same time as the prophet Zechariah. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Did Haggai prophesy before Ezra and Nehemiah? #### + +The historical context of this book is likely prior to the lives of Ezra and Nehemiah. The prophecies of Haggai occurred before the events of the books of Ezra and Nehemiah. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What does "consider your ways" mean? #### + +The Lord tells the people to "consider your ways" several times in this book. This is a call to a renewed relationship with Yahweh; it probably seeks a renewal of the covenant. The people responded positively to this command. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/01/01.md b/heb/01/01.md index a722567e7e..2a7f8f4739 100644 --- a/heb/01/01.md +++ b/heb/01/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,51 @@ -## radiance ## +# General Information: -"light" +Although this letter does not mention the recipients to whom it was sent, the author wrote particularly to Hebrews (Jews), who would have understood the many Old Testament references. -## the very character of his essence ## +# General Information: -When a person looks at the Son, he sees what God is like. +This prologue lays the background for the whole book: the unsurpassing greatness of the Son — the Son is greater than all. The book begins with emphasizing that the Son is better than the prophets and the angels. -## the word of his power ## +# in these last days -"his powerful word" +"in these final days." This phrase refers to the time when Jesus began his ministry, extending until God establishes his complete rule in his creation. -## he had achieved cleansing for sins ## +# through a Son -"he had finished making us clean from sin" \ No newline at end of file +"Son" is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# to be the heir of all things + +The author speaks of the Son as if he will inherit wealth and property from his Father. AT: "to possess all things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is through him that God also made the universe + +"It is through the Son that God also made all things" + +# the brightness of God's glory + +"the light of his glory." God's glory is associated with a very bright light. The author is saying that the Son embodies that light and fully represents God's glory. + +# glory, the very character of his essence + +"glory, the image of God's being." The "very character of his essence" is similar in meaning to "the brightness of God's glory." The Son embodies the character and essence of God and fully represents everything that God is. AT: "glory and is just like God" or "glory and what is true about God is true about the Son" + +# the word of his power + +"his powerful word." Here "word" refers to a message or command. AT: "his powerful command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# After he had made cleansing for sins + +The abstract noun "cleansing" can be expressed as a verb: "making clean." AT: "After he had finished making us clean from sins" or "After he had finished purifying us from our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he had made cleansing for sins + +The author speaks of forgiving sins as if it were making a person clean. AT: "he had made it possible for God to forgive our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high + +Here "right hand" refers to a place of honor. AT: "he sat down in the place of honor next to the Majesty on high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Majesty on high + +Here "Majesty" refers to God. AT: "God Most High" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/01/04.md b/heb/01/04.md index cde2ec9908..bd49a82c03 100644 --- a/heb/01/04.md +++ b/heb/01/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## For to which of the angels did he ever say,...? ## +# General Information: -"For God never said to any of the angels,...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The first prophetic quotation (You are my son) comes from the Psalms. The prophet Samuel wrote the second one (I will be a father to him). All occurrences of "he" refer to Jesus, the Son. The word "You" refers to Jesus, and the words "I" and "me" refer to God the Father. -## And again,...? ## +# He has become -"And again, he never said to any of the angels,...." \ No newline at end of file +"The Son has become" + +# as the name he has inherited is more excellent than their name + +Here "name" refers to honor and authority. AT: "as the honor and authority he has inherited is superior to their honor and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he has inherited + +The author speaks of receiving honor and authority as if he were inheriting wealth and property from his father. AT: "he has received" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For to which of the angels did God ever say, "You are my son ... a son to me"? + +This question emphasizes that God does not call any angel his son. AT: "For God never said to any of the angels 'You are my son ... a son to me.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You are my son ... I have become your father + +These two phrases mean essentially the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/01/06.md b/heb/01/06.md index cd6fe82cf4..4541e44003 100644 --- a/heb/01/06.md +++ b/heb/01/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## his servants ## +# General Information: -the angels +The first quotation in this section, "All God's angels ... him," comes from one of the books that Moses wrote. The second quotation, "He is the one who makes ... fire," is from the Psalms. -## spirits ... flames of fire ## +# the firstborn -Possible meanings: 1) He makes the angels spirits who serve him like flames of fire (UDB), 2) He makes the wind and flames of fire his messengers. \ No newline at end of file +This means Jesus. The author refers to him as the "firstborn" to emphasize the Son's importance and authority over everyone else. It does not imply that there was a time before Jesus existed or that God has other sons like Jesus. AT: "his honored Son, his only Son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he says + +"God says" + +# He is the one who makes his angels spirits, and his servants flames of fire + +Possible meanings are 1) "God has made his angels to be spirits who serve him with power like flames of fire" or 2) God makes the wind and flames of fire his messengers and servants. In the original language the word for "angel" is the same as "messenger," and the word for "spirits" is the same as "wind." With either possible meaning, the point is that the angels serve the Son because he is superior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/01/08.md b/heb/01/08.md index a72eb68dbf..54185baacc 100644 --- a/heb/01/08.md +++ b/heb/01/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## about the Son he says ## +# General Information: -"about the son God says" +This scriptual quotation comes from the Psalms. -## scepter ## +# But about the Son he says -a special rod held by a king or queen to show authority +"But God says this about the Son" -## anointed you with the oil of joy more ## +# Son -"given you more joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## oil of joy ## +# Your throne, God, is forever and ever -Possible meanings: 1) the perfumed oil people wore for celebrations (see UDB) or 2) the oil with which men were anointed when they became king, in which case the "joy" comes from the honor God gives. \ No newline at end of file +The Son's throne represents his rule. AT: "You are God, and your reign will last forever and ever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The scepter of your kingdom is the scepter of justice + +Here "scepter" refers to the Son's rule. AT: "And you will rule over the people of your kingdom with justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has anointed you with the oil of joy more than your companions + +Here "oil of joy" refers to the joy that the Son felt when God honored him. AT: "has honored you and made you more joyful than anyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/01/10.md b/heb/01/10.md index 2f5eda646f..68e2b7ccae 100644 --- a/heb/01/10.md +++ b/heb/01/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -The author continues to quote scripture to show that the Son is superior to angels. +# Connecting Statement: -## wear out ## +The author continues explaining that Jesus is superior to the angels. -to grow old +# General Information: -## a garment ## +This quotation comes from another Psalm. -clothing +# In the beginning -## roll them up ## +"Before anything existed" -Use a verb for what you do with old clothes when you are finished using them. +# you laid the earth's foundation -## cloak ## +The author speaks of God creating the earth as if he built a building on a foundation. AT: "you created the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -robe or outer clothing +# The heavens are the work of your hands -## not cease ## +Here "hands" refer to God's power and action. AT: "You made the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"never end" \ No newline at end of file +# They will perish + +"The heavens and earth will disappear" or "The heavens and earth will no longer exist" + +# wear out like a piece of clothing + +The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were a piece of clothing that will get old and eventually become useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# roll them up like a cloak + +The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were a robe or another kind of outer garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they will be changed like a piece of clothing + +The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were clothing that could be exchanged for other clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they will be changed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will change them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your years do not end + +Periods of time are used to represent God's eternal existence. AT: "your life will never end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/01/13.md b/heb/01/13.md index 36c35ca6df..57a7ca412c 100644 --- a/heb/01/13.md +++ b/heb/01/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## stool ## +# General Information: -a place to rest feet while sitting +This quotation comes from another Psalm. -## those who are about to ## +# But to which of the angels has God said at any time ... feet"? -those who will +The author uses a question to emphasize that God has never said this to an angel. AT: "But God has never said to an angel at any time ... feet.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Are not all angels spirits ## +# Sit at my right hand -AT: "All angels are spirits who are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "right hand" refers to a place of honor. AT: "Sit next to me in the place of honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# until I make your enemies a stool for your feet + +Christ's enemies are spoken of as if they will become an object on which a king rests his feet. This image represents defeat and dishonor for his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Are not all angels spirits ... inherit salvation? + +The author uses this question to remind the readers that angels are not as powerful as Christ, but they have a different role. AT: "All angels are spirits who ... inherit salvation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# for those who will inherit salvation + +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. AT: "for those whom God will save" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/01/intro.md b/heb/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dcf4181d32 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Hebrews 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is about how Jesus is superior to the angels. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:5, 7-13, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +##### "Our ancestors" ##### +This letter begins with an assumption of a Jewish audience. This is why it is called "Hebrews." + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +The author uses rhetorical questions as a way of proving Jesus is better than the angels. + +##### Poetry ##### +The author uses many poetic elements in his letter. This is not typical of a letter and causes his teachings concerning the person of Christ to stand out. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +Jesus literally fulfilled these prophecies about the Messiah even though the prophecies often contained poetic or metaphorical language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Hebrews intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/01.md b/heb/02/01.md index 068f4d1137..ed26e0d5cb 100644 --- a/heb/02/01.md +++ b/heb/02/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## drift ## +# Connecting Statement: -go astray +This is the first of five urgent warnings the author gives. -## valid ## +# we must -proved to be true +Here "we" refers to the author and includes his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## every transgression and disobedience receives just punishment ## +# so that we do not drift away from it -AT: "every person who sins and disobeys will receive just punishment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) people who stop believing in God's word are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. AT: "so that we do not stop believing it" or 2) people who stop obeying God's words are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. AT: "so that we do not stop obeying it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/02.md b/heb/02/02.md index a3e98f77ba..fb316dd80d 100644 --- a/heb/02/02.md +++ b/heb/02/02.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## neglect ## +# For if the message that was spoken through the angels -"do not care for" or "do not accept" +The Jews believed that God spoke his law to Moses through angels. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For if the message that God spoke through the angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## distributed ## +# For if the message -gave out, issued +The author is certain that these things are true. AT: "Because the message" -## according to his own will ## +# every trespass and disobedience receives just punishment -"just the way he wanted to do it" \ No newline at end of file +Here "trespass" and "disobedience" stand for the people who are guilty of these sins. AT: "every person who sins and disobeys will receive just punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# trespass and disobedience + +These two words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# how then can we escape if we ignore so great a salvation? + +The author uses a question to emphasize that the people will certainly receive punishment if they refuse God's salvation through Christ. AT: "then God will certainly punish us if we do not pay attention to his message about how God will save us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# ignore + +"do not care for" or "consider unimportant" + +# This is salvation that was first announced by the Lord and confirmed to us by those who heard it + +This can be stated in active form. The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "The Lord himself first announced the message about how God will save us and then those who heard the message confirmed it to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# according to his will + +"in just the way he wanted to do it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/05.md b/heb/02/05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9833a889dc --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/02/05.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +The writer reminds these Hebrew believers that the earth will one day be under the rule of the Lord Jesus. + +# General Information: + +The quotation here is from the book of Psalms in the Old Testament. It continues on through the next section. + +# For it was not to the angels that God subjected + +"For God did not make the angels rulers over" + +# the world to come + +Here "world" refers to the people who live there. And "to come" means that this is the world in the next age after Christ returns. AT: "the people who will live in the new world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What is man, that you are mindful of him? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes the insignificance of humans and expresses surprise that God would pay attention to them. AT: "Humans are insignificant, and yet you are mindful of them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Or a son of man, that you care for him? + +The idiom "son of man" refers to human beings. This rhetorical question means basically the same thing as the first question. It expresses surprise that God would care for humans, who are insignificant. AT: "Human beings are of little importance, and yet you care for them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Or a son of man + +The verb may be supplied from the previous question. AT: "Or what is a son of man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/07.md b/heb/02/07.md index e4a0006cb9..f884bf659a 100644 --- a/heb/02/07.md +++ b/heb/02/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## mankind ## +# a little lower than the angels -people +The author speaks of people being less important than angels as if the people are standing in a position that is lower than the angels' position. AT: "less important than the angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He did not leave anything not subject to him ## +# made man ... crowned him ... his feet ... to him -AT: "He made everything subject to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here, these phrases do not refer to a specific person but to humans in general, including both males and females. AT: "made humans ... crowned them ... their feet ... to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# you crowned him with glory and honor + +The gifts of glory and honor are spoken of as if they were a wreath of leaves placed on the head of a victorious athlete. AT: "you have given them great glory and honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You put everything in subjection under his feet + +The author speaks of humans having control over everything as if they have stepped on everything with their feet. AT: "You have given them control over everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He did not leave anything not subjected to him + +This double negative means that all things will be subject to Christ. AT: "God made everything subject to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# we do not yet see everything subjected to him + +"we know that humans are not in control of everything yet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/09.md b/heb/02/09.md index 70b54ea508..2d2c4813eb 100644 --- a/heb/02/09.md +++ b/heb/02/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,35 @@ -## lower than the angels...glory and honor ## +# Connecting Statement: -Translate these as you did in [Hebrews 2:7](./07.md). \ No newline at end of file +The writer reminds these Hebrew believers that Christ became lower than the angels when he came to earth to suffer death for forgiveness of sins, and that he became a merciful high priest to believers. + +# we see him + +"we know there is one" + +# who was made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lower than the angels ... crowned with glory and honor + +See how you translated these words in [Hebrews 2:7](./07.md). + +# he might taste death + +The experience of death is spoken of as if it were food that people can taste. AT: "he might experience death" or "he might die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bring many sons to glory + +The gift of glory is spoken of here as if it were a place to which people could be brought. AT: "save many sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# many sons + +Here this refers to believers in Christ, including males and females. AT: "many believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# the leader of their salvation + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of salvation as if it were a destination and of Jesus as the person who goes before the people on the road and leads them to salvation. AT: "the one who leads people to salvation" or 2) the word translated here as "leader" can mean "founder" and the author speaks of Jesus as the one who establishes salvation, or makes it possible for God to save people. AT: "the one who makes their salvation possible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# complete + +Becoming mature and completely trained is spoken of as if a person were made complete, perhaps complete in all his body parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/11.md b/heb/02/11.md index d284e311c1..bda52dea18 100644 --- a/heb/02/11.md +++ b/heb/02/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,35 @@ -## is not ashamed to call them brothers ## +# General Information: -"is pleased to call them his brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This prophetic quotation comes from a Psalm of King David. + +# the one who sanctifies + +"the one who makes others holy" or "the one who makes others pure from sin" + +# those who are sanctified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom he makes holy" or "those whom he makes pure from sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# have one source + +Who that source is can be stated clearly. AT: "have one source, God himself" or "have the same Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he is not ashamed + +"Jesus is not ashamed" + +# is not ashamed to call them brothers + +This double negative means that he will claim them as his brothers. AT: "is pleased to call them his brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# brothers + +Here this refers to all who have believed in Jesus, including both men and women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# I will proclaim your name to my brothers + +Here "name" refers to the person's reputation and what they have done. AT: "I will proclaim to my brothers the great things you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from inside the assembly + +"when believers come together to worship God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/13.md b/heb/02/13.md index 0da30eaf30..93ed8cb881 100644 --- a/heb/02/13.md +++ b/heb/02/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## And again he says, ## +# General Information: -AT: "And a prophet wrote in another Scripture passage what Christ said about God:" (UDB) +The prophet Isaiah wrote these quotations. -## all share flesh and blood ## +# And again, -AT: "are all human beings" (UDB) - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"And a prophet wrote in another scripture passage what Christ said about God:" -## lived all their lives in slavery ## +# the children ... the children of God -This phrase is figurative and refers to slavery to the fear of death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks about those who believe in Christ as if they were children. AT: "those who are like my children ... those who are like children to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# share flesh and blood + +The phrase "flesh and blood" refers to people's human nature. AT: "are all human beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Jesus also shared the same things with them + +"Jesus became human like them" + +# through death + +Here "death" can be stated as a verb. AT: "by dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# had the power of death + +Here "death" can be stated as a verb. AT: "had the power to cause people to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# This was so that he would free all those who through fear of death lived all their lives in slavery + +The fear of death is spoken of as if it were slavery. Taking away someone's fear is spoken of as it were freeing that person from slavery. AT: "This was so he might free all people. For we lived like slaves because we were afraid of dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/16.md b/heb/02/16.md index 9b131625c8..d720153ead 100644 --- a/heb/02/16.md +++ b/heb/02/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## achieve ## +# the seed of Abraham -AT: "obtain" \ No newline at end of file +Descendants of Abraham are spoken of as if they were his seed. AT: "the descendants of Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it was necessary for him + +"it was necessary for Jesus" + +# like his brothers + +Here "brothers" refers to people in general. AT: "like human beings" + +# he would bring about the pardon of the people's sins + +Christ's death on the cross means that God can forgive sins. AT: "he would make it possible for God to forgive people's sins" + +# was tempted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Satan tempted him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who are tempted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Satan is tempting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/02/intro.md b/heb/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..da321c8cca --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Hebrews 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is about how Jesus is better than Moses, the great Jew. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:6-8, 12-13, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Brothers ##### +The author probably uses the term "brothers" to refer to fellow Israelites and fellow Christians. Extra care should be taken to make sure the reference is clear. It may also be necessary to occasionally leave the referent vague. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +Jesus literally fulfilled these prophecies about the Messiah but the prophecies themselves often contain poetic or metaphorical language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]], and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/03/01.md b/heb/03/01.md index f2becc8eb9..f881ca92a1 100644 --- a/heb/03/01.md +++ b/heb/03/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,35 @@ -## of our confession ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "whom we confess" or "whom we believe in" \ No newline at end of file +This second warning is longer and more detailed and includes chapters 3 and 4. The writer begins by showing that Christ is better than his servant Moses. + +# holy brothers + +Here "brothers" refer to fellow Christians, including both men and women. AT: "holy brothers and sisters" or "my holy fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# you share in a heavenly calling + +Here "heavenly" represents God. AT: "God has called us together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the apostle and high priest + +Here the word "apostle" means someone who has been sent. In this passage, it does not refer to any of the twelve apostles. AT: "the one whom God sent and is the high priest" + +# of our confession + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "confession" is expressed as the verb "confess." AT: "whom we confess" or "in whom we believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in God's house + +The Hebrew people to whom God revealed himself are spoken of as if they were a literal house. AT: "to all of God's people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jesus has been considered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has considered Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the one who built everything + +God's acts of creating the world are spoken of as if he had built a house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# every house is built by someone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "every house has someone who built it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/03/05.md b/heb/03/05.md index 3b3e241767..141497136f 100644 --- a/heb/03/05.md +++ b/heb/03/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## God's house ## +# in God's entire house -the people in God's family (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The Hebrew people to whom God revealed himself are spoken of as if they were a literal house. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## pride of confidence ## +# bearing witness about the things -"what we can boast that we have hope in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase probably refers to all of Moses' work. AT: "Moses' life and work pointed to the things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# were to be spoken of in the future + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus would say in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# in charge of God's house + +This speaks about God's people as if they were a literal house. AT: "who rules over God's people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We are his house + +This speaks of God's people as if they are a literal house. AT: "We are God's people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if we hold fast to our courage and to our proud confidence + +Here "courage" and "proud confidence" are abstract and can be stated as verbs. AT: "if we continue to be courageous and joyfully expect God to do what he has promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/03/07.md b/heb/03/07.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d70253296b --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/03/07.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +The warning here is a reminder that the Israelites' unbelief kept almost all of them from entering into the land that God had promised them. Their unbelief was well illustrated in Exodus [Exodus 17:1-7](../../exo/17/01.md), when they complained against Moses and doubted that God was with them. + +# General Information: + +This quotation comes from the Old Testament in the book of Psalms. + +# if you hear his voice + +God's "voice" represents him speaking. AT: "when you hear God speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do not harden your hearts + +Stubbornness is spoken of as if it were a heart that had been physically hardened. AT: "do not be stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as in the rebellion, in the time of testing in the wilderness + +Here "rebellion" and "testing" can be stated as verbs. AT: "as when your ancestors rebelled against God and tested him in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/03/09.md b/heb/03/09.md index 3ea54a4b31..662f25ce72 100644 --- a/heb/03/09.md +++ b/heb/03/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,39 @@ -## displeased ## +# General Information: -"unhappy" +This quotation is from the Psalms. -## They are always going astray in their hearts ## +# your ancestors -AT: "They always refuse to follow me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "your" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## they will not enter my rest ## +# by testing me -"I will not allow them to rest where I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "me" refers to God. + +# forty years + +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# I was displeased + +"I was angry" or "I was greatly unhappy" + +# They are always being led astray in their hearts + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They are always going astray in their hearts" or "Their hearts are always going astray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They are always being led astray in their hearts + +People who are unfaithful to God are spoken of as if someone were leading them off the right path to follow. AT: "They always refuse to follow me" or "They will not do what I command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in their hearts + +Here "hearts" refers to their minds or desires. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They have not known my ways + +This speaks of a manner of conducting one's life as if it were a way or a path. AT: "They have not understood how I want them to conduct their lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will never enter my rest + +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. AT: "They will never enter the place of rest" or "I will never allow them to experience my blessings of rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/03/12.md b/heb/03/12.md index ade252e2a8..38841317fe 100644 --- a/heb/03/12.md +++ b/heb/03/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## evil heart of unbelief in any of you ## +# brothers -"an evil, unbelieving heart in any of you" or "an unbelieving heart that leads any of you to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) +Here this refers to fellow Christians including males and females. AT: "brothers and sisters" or "fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## a heart that will turn away ## +# there will not be anyone with an evil heart of unbelief, a heart that turns away from the living God -"a heart that will turn you away." AT, starting a new sentence: "Do not turn away." +Here "heart" is a metonym that represents a person's mind or will. Refusing to believe and obey God is spoken of as if the heart did not believe and it physically turned away from God. AT: "there will not be any of you who refuse to believe the truth and who stop obeying the living God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the living God ## +# the living God -Possible meanings: 1) "the true God who is really alive" (see UDB) or 2) "the God who gives life." +"the true God who is really alive" -## so long as it is called today ## +# as long as it is called "today," -while there is still opportunity +"while there is still opportunity," -## no one among you may be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin ## +# no one among you will be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin -"become stubborn, allow others to deceive you, and commit sins" (see UDB) or "you do not commit sins, deceive yourselves, and become stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the deceitfulness of sin will not harden any of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# no one among you will be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin + +Being stubborn is spoken of as being hard or having a hard heart. The hardness is a result of being deceived by sin. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "deceitfulness" is expressed as the verb "deceive." AT: "no one among you will be deceived by sin and become stubborn" or "you do not sin, deceiving yourselves so that you become stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/03/14.md b/heb/03/14.md index 690e7f194d..576f3413ea 100644 --- a/heb/03/14.md +++ b/heb/03/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## For we have become ## +# General Information: -both the writer and the readers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +This continues the quotation from the same psalm that was also quoted in [Hebrews 3:7](./07.md). -## confidence ## +# For we have become -complete trust +Here "we" refers to both the writer and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## to the end ## +# if we firmly hold to our confidence in him -death (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"if we continue to confidently trust in him" -## his voice ## +# from the beginning -“God” or “what God is saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"from when we first begin to believe in him" -## harden your hearts ## +# to the end -AT: "choose not to believe" or "resist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite way of referring to when a person dies. AT: "until we die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# it has been said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the writer wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if you hear his voice + +God's "voice" represents him speaking. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:7](./07.md). AT: "when you hear God speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as in the rebellion + +Here "rebellion" can be stated as a verb. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:8](./07.md). AT: "as when your ancestors rebelled against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/03/16.md b/heb/03/16.md index cca9053e28..c0b12c6f77 100644 --- a/heb/03/16.md +++ b/heb/03/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## they would not enter his rest ## +# General Information: -"God would not allow them to rest where he is" +The word "they" refers to the disobedient Israelites, and "we" refers to the author and readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## We ## +# Who was it who heard God and rebelled? Was it not all those who came out of Egypt through Moses? -the author and the readers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The author uses questions to teach his readers. These two questions can be joined as one statement, if needed. AT: "All those who came out of Egypt with Moses heard God, yet they still rebelled." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# With whom was he angry for forty years? Was it not with those who sinned, whose dead bodies fell in the wilderness? + +The author uses questions to teach his readers. These two questions can be joined as one statement, if needed. AT: "For forty years, God was angry with those who sinned, and he let them die in the wilderness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# forty years + +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# To whom did he swear that they would not enter his rest, if it was not to those who disobeyed him? + +The author uses this question to teach his readers. AT: "And it was to those who disobeyed that he swore they would not enter his rest." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they would not enter his rest + +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. AT: "they would not enter the place of rest" or "they would not experience his blessings of rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because of unbelief + +The abstract noun "unbelief" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "because they did not believe him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/03/intro.md b/heb/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..039e7cf225 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Hebrews 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:7-9,15, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Brothers ##### + +The author probably uses the term "brothers" to refer to fellow Israelites and fellow Christians. Extra care should be taken to make sure the reference is clear. It may be necessary to occasionally leave the referent vague. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Harden your hearts ##### +This is a common metaphor used in Scripture. It indicates that a person who rejects Jesus will increasingly lack the spiritual discernment necessary to believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +The author uses rhetorical questions as a way to convince his readers. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +Jesus literally fulfilled these prophecies about the Messiah but the prophecies themselves often contain poetic or metaphorical language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]], and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/04/01.md b/heb/04/01.md index f0ad443331..43f3fe35d5 100644 --- a/heb/04/01.md +++ b/heb/04/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Therefore ## +# Connecting Statement: -because of God will certainly punish those who do not obey ([Hebrews 3:16](../03/16.md)) +Chapter 4 continues the warning to believers starting in [Hebrews 3:7](../03/07.md). God, through the writer, gives believers a rest of which God's rest in the creation of the world is a picture. -## none of you might seem to have failed to reach the continuing promise to enter God's rest ## +# Therefore -AT: "God will not say of any of you that you will not rest where he is" or "God will say of all of you that you may rest where he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Since God will certainly punish those who do not obey" ([Hebrews 3:19](../03/16.md)) -## we must be ## +# none of you might seem to have failed to reach the promise left behind for you to enter God's rest -the writer and the readers must be (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +God's promise is spoken of as if it were a gift that God left behind when he visited the people. AT: "none of you fail to enter into God's rest, which he promised to us" or "God will allow you all to enter into his rest as he promised us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to us ## +# to enter God's rest -to the writer and the readers +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. AT: "to enter the place of rest" or "to experience God's blessings of rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## those who heard it without joining faith to it ## +# For we were told the good news just as they were -AT: "those who heard the message of Christ and did not believe" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For we heard the good news just as they did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as they were + +Here "they" refers to the Hebrews' ancestors who were alive during the time of Moses. + +# But that message did not benefit those who did not unite in faith with those who obeyed + +"But that message did not benefit those who did not join with the people who believed and obeyed." The author is talking about two groups of people, those who received God's covenant with faith, and those who heard it but did not believe. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "But that message benefited only those who believed and obeyed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/04/03.md b/heb/04/03.md index d0ffe7b9cc..2951143849 100644 --- a/heb/04/03.md +++ b/heb/04/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## his created works had been finished from the beginning of the world. ## +# General Information: -AT: "his plan was fully made before he even created the world." +Here the first quotation, "As I swore ... rest," is from a psalm. The second quotation, "God rested on ... deeds," is from Moses' writings. The third quotation, "They will never enter ... rest," is again from the same psalm. -## They will not enter my rest ## +# we who have believed -"They will not rest with me where I am" \ No newline at end of file +"we who believe" + +# who will enter that rest + +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. AT: "who will enter the place of rest" or "who will experience God's blessings of rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# just as he said + +"just as God said" + +# As I swore in my wrath + +"As I swore when I was very angry" + +# They will never enter my rest + +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. AT: "They will never enter the place of rest" or "They will never experience my blessings of rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his created works were finished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he finished creating" or "he finished his works of creation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# at the foundation of the world + +The author speaks of the world as if it were a building set on a foundation. AT: "at the beginning of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the seventh day + +This is the ordinal number for "seven." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/04/06.md b/heb/04/06.md index 9e930c3355..340f330f29 100644 --- a/heb/04/06.md +++ b/heb/04/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## God's rest is still reserved for some to enter ## +# General Information: -"God still allows some people to rest with him where he is" +Here we find out that this quotation from the Psalms was written by David. (See: [Hebrews 3:7-8](../03/07.md)) -## his voice ## +# it is still reserved for some to enter his rest -"God" or "what God is saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God still allows some people to enter his place of rest" or "God still allows some people to experience his blessings of rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## do not harden your hearts. ## +# if you hear his voice -AT: "Do not stubbornly disobey him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +God's commands to Israel are spoken of as if he had given them in an audible voice. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:7-8](../03/07.md). AT: "if you hear God speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not harden your hearts + +Stubbornness is spoken of as if it were a heart that had been physically hardened. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:7-8](../03/07.md). AT: "do not be stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/04/08.md b/heb/04/08.md index c11d3fab01..1e48ed6f64 100644 --- a/heb/04/08.md +++ b/heb/04/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## he who enters God's rest ## +# Connecting Statement: -"those who are resting with God where he is" +Here the writer warns believers not to disobey but to enter into the rest God offers. He reminds them that God's word will convict them and that they can come in prayer with the confidence that God will help them. -## let us be eager to enter that rest ## +# if Joshua had given them rest -"we should also do everything we can to rest with God where he is" +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that Joshua could give. AT: "if Joshua had brought the Israelites to the place where God would give them rest" or "if the Israelites during the time of Joshua had experienced God's blessings of rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## eager ## +# there is still a Sabbath rest reserved for God's people -"very willing" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "there is still a Sabbath rest that God has reserved for his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## fall in the kind of disobedience ## +# a Sabbath rest -AT: "disobey in the same way" +Eternal peace and security are spoken of as if they were the Sabbath day, the Jewish day of worship and rest from working. AT: "an eternal rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that they did ## +# he who enters into God's rest -that the Israelites who rebelled against God in the desert did \ No newline at end of file +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they are a place to enter. AT: "the person who enters into God's place of rest" or "the person who experiences God's blessings of rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let us be eager to enter that rest + +The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were a place to enter. AT: "we should also do everything we can to rest with God where he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will fall into the kind of disobedience that they did + +Disobedience is spoken of as if it were a hole that a person could physically fall into by accident. This passage can be reworded so that the abstract noun "disobedience" is expressed as the verb "disobey." AT: "will disobey in the same way as they did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# that they did + +Here "they" refers to the Hebrews' ancestors during the time of Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/04/12.md b/heb/04/12.md index 735d5a9a77..426bc4fab8 100644 --- a/heb/04/12.md +++ b/heb/04/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,51 @@ -## word of God ## +# the word of God is living -God's written or spoken message +Here "word of God" refers to anything that God has communicated to humanity whether through speech or through written messages. AT: "the words of God are living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## living and active ## +# living and active -God's word is as if it were alive; it is also powerful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This speaks about God's word as if it were alive. It means when God speaks, it is powerful and effective. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## sharper than any two-edged sword ## +# sharper than any two-edged sword -edged sword** - God's word penetrates to our innermost being. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +A two-edged sword can easily cut through a person's flesh. God's word is very effective in showing what is in a person's heart and thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## discern the heart's thoughts and intentions ## +# two-edged sword -The word of God exposes even our secret thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +a sword with a blade that is sharp on both edges -## everything is bare and open to the eyes of the one to whom we must give account ## +# It pierces even to the division of soul from spirit, and joints from marrow -"God, who will judge how we have lived, can see everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This continues speaking about God's word as if it were a sword. Here the sword is so sharp that it can cut through and divide parts of the human that are very difficult or even impossible to divide. This means that there is nothing inside us that we can hide from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# soul from spirit + +These are two different but closely related nonphysical parts of a human. The "soul" is what causes a person to be alive. The "spirit" is the part of a person that causes him to be able to know and believe in God. + +# joints from marrow + +The "joint" is what holds two bones together. The "marrow" is the center part of the bone. + +# It is able to know + +This speaks about God's word as if it were a person who could know something. AT: "God's word exposes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the heart's thoughts and intentions + +This speaks about the heart as if it were the center of thought and emotion within a person. AT: "what a person is thinking and intends to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Nothing created is hidden before God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Nothing that God has created can hide from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# everything is bare and open + +This speaks about all things as if they were a person standing bare, or a box that is open. AT: "everything is completely exposed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bare and open + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that nothing is hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# to the eyes of the one to whom we must give account + +God is spoken of as if he had eyes. AT: "to God, who will judge how we have lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/04/14.md b/heb/04/14.md index 793663db65..22c24da289 100644 --- a/heb/04/14.md +++ b/heb/04/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## we do not have a high priest who cannot feel sympathy ## +# who has passed through the heavens -"we have a high priest who can feel sympathy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) +"who has entered where God is" -## he is without sin ## +# Son of God -AT: "he did not sin" +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## the throne of grace ## +# let us firmly hold to our beliefs -AT: "God's throne, where there is grace" or "where God, who is gracious, is sitting on his throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Belief and trust are spoken of as if they were objects that a person could grasp firmly. AT: "let us continue to believe confidently in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we do not have a high priest who cannot feel sympathy ... Instead, we have + +This double negative means that, in fact, Jesus does feel sympathy with people. AT: "we have a high priest who can feel sympathy ... Indeed, we have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# who has in all ways been tempted as we are + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who has endured temptation in every way that we have" or "whom the devil has tempted in every way that he tempts us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he is without sin + +"he did not sin" + +# to the throne of grace + +"to God's throne, where there is grace." Here "throne" refers to God ruling as king. AT: "to where our gracious God is sitting on his throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# we may receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need + +Here "mercy" and "grace" are spoken of as if they were objects that can be given or can be found. AT: "God may be merciful and gracious and help us in time of need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/04/intro.md b/heb/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8da2e28a75 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Hebrews 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is about how Jesus is the greatest high priest. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:3-4, 7, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's rest ##### +This is probably a reference to a prophesied time when Israel would have peace. This may be physical peace or spiritual peace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/05/01.md b/heb/05/01.md index fcc4e91d27..96e6a40610 100644 --- a/heb/05/01.md +++ b/heb/05/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## act on their behalf ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "represent them" +The writer describes the sinfulness of the Old Testament priests, then he shows that Christ has a better kind of priesthood, not based on Aaron's priesthood but on the priesthood of Melchizedek. -## obligated ## +# chosen from among people -AT: "required" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God chooses from among the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# is appointed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God appoints" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to act on the behalf of people + +"to represent the people" + +# the ignorant and the wayward + +These nominal adjectives can be stated as adjectives. AT: "those who are ignorant and wayward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the wayward + +people who behave in sinful ways + +# is surrounded with weakness + +The high priest's own weakness is spoken of as if it were a force that surrounds him. AT: "is spiritually weak" or "is weak against sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# weakness + +Here this refers to the desire to sin. + +# he also is required + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God also requires him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/05/04.md b/heb/05/04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..780c2ec991 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/05/04.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + +This quotation is from the Psalms in the Old Testament. + +# takes this honor + +Honor is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could grasp in his hands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# takes this honor + +The "honor" or praise and respect that people gave to the high priest stand for his task. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he is called by God, just as Aaron was + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God called him, just as he called Aaron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the one speaking to him said + +"God said to him" + +# You are my Son; today I have become your Father + +These two phrases mean essentially the same thing. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 1:5](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Son ... Father + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/05/06.md b/heb/05/06.md index 4604b06441..edb03ffe19 100644 --- a/heb/05/06.md +++ b/heb/05/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## he also says ## +# General Information: -God also says ([Hebrews 5:4](./04.md)) \ No newline at end of file +This prophecy is from a Psalm of David. + +# he also says + +To whom God is speaking can be stated clearly. AT: "he also says to Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# in another place + +"in another place in the scriptures" + +# after the manner of Melchizedek + +This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. AT: "in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/05/07.md b/heb/05/07.md index 30c04a9ee0..42d109f65c 100644 --- a/heb/05/07.md +++ b/heb/05/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## During the time of his flesh ## +# During the days of his flesh -AT: "While he lived on earth" \ No newline at end of file +Here "the days" stands for a period of time. And, "flesh" stand for Jesus's earthly life. AT: "While he lived on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# prayers and requests + +Both of these words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# to save him from death + +Death is spoken of as it if were place that Christ could be kept from being forced to enter, or as a place from which he could be rescued. Either meaning fits here. The UDB chooses the first meaning. If possible, translate so as to allow both interpretations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he was heard + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God heard him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/05/09.md b/heb/05/09.md index 74d172fb1d..618163638e 100644 --- a/heb/05/09.md +++ b/heb/05/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## you are dull of hearing ## +# Connecting Statement: -"you are slow to understand" (see UDB) or "you do not want to listen" \ No newline at end of file +In verse 11 the writer begins his third warning. He warns these believers that they are still not mature and encourages them to learn God's word so they can understand right from wrong. + +# He was made perfect + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God made him perfect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# made perfect + +Here this means being made mature, able to honor God in all aspects of life. + +# became, for everyone who obeys him, the cause of eternal salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "now he saves all who obey him and causes them to live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# He was designated by God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God designated him" or "God appointed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# after the manner of Melchizedek + +This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. AT: "to be the sort of high priest that Melchizedek was" + +# We have much to say + +Even though the author uses the plural pronoun "we," he is most likely referring only to himself. AT: "I have much to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# you have become dull in hearing + +The ability to understand and obey is spoken of as if it were the ability to listen. And the ability to listen is spoken of as if it were a metal tool that becomes dull with use. AT: "you have trouble understanding it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/05/12.md b/heb/05/12.md index 35529bfbb6..97ed69bd5d 100644 --- a/heb/05/12.md +++ b/heb/05/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## milk ## +# basic principles -basic spiritual truths (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "principles" means a guideline or standard for making decisions. AT: "basic truths" -## solid food ## +# You need milk -"difficult spiritual truths" \ No newline at end of file +Teaching about God that is easy to understand is spoken of as if it were milk, the only food that infants can take. AT: "You have become like babies and can drink only milk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# milk, not solid food + +Teaching about God that is difficult to understand is spoken of as if it were solid food, suitable for adults. AT: "milk instead of solid food that adults can eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# takes milk + +Here "takes" stands for "drinks." AT: "drinks milk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because he is still a little child + +Spiritual maturity is compared with the kind of food that a growing child eats. Solid food is not for a tiny baby, and that is a figure describing a young Christian who only learns simple truths; but later, more solid food is given to the little child, just as when a person matures he can learn about matters that are more difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who because of their maturity have their understanding trained for distinguishing good from evil + +People trained to understand something are spoken of as if their ability to understand had been trained. AT: "who are mature and can distinguish between good and evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/05/intro.md b/heb/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d5cab6ef51 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Hebrews 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a continuation of the teaching of the previous chapter. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament.The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 5:5-6, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### High priest ##### +Jesus needed to be a high priest in order to offer his life as a sacrifice for sin. The high priest was normally from the tribe of Levi, but Jesus was from the ruling tribe, Judah. His right to be a priest came from the tradition of Melchizedek, who was a priest before the Levites came into existence. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Milk and solid food ##### +This is an image used to describe maturity in Christ. It compares immature Christians to babies who are only able to drink milk. They are not mature enough to handle solid foods, which are the more complex teachings about Jesus. Instead, they have chosen not to grow and to remain like babies who drink only milk, the simpler and more basic teachings about Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/01.md b/heb/06/01.md index 9b39f27b97..3f303f414c 100644 --- a/heb/06/01.md +++ b/heb/06/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## we must press on ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "we must move forward" +The writer continues with what immature Hebrew believers need to do to become mature Christians. He reminds them of the foundational teachings. -## laying on of hands ## +# let us leave the beginning of the message of Christ and move forward to maturity -This practice was done as way of setting someone apart for special service or position. \ No newline at end of file +This speaks about the basic teachings as if they were the beginning of a journey and the mature teachings as if they were the end of a journey. AT: "let us stop only discussing what we first learned and start understanding more mature teachings as well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let us not lay again the foundation ... of faith in God + +Basic teachings are spoken of as if they were a building whose construction begins by laying a foundation. AT: "Let us not repeat the basic teachings ... of faith in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dead works + +Sinful deeds are spoken of as if they belonged to the world of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# nor the foundation of teaching ... eternal judgment + +Basic teachings are spoken of as if they were a building whose construction begins by laying a foundation. AT: "nor the basic teachings ... eternal judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# laying on of hands + +This practice was done to set someone apart for special service or position. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/04.md b/heb/06/04.md index 7624a0ac4f..bff8e7e40f 100644 --- a/heb/06/04.md +++ b/heb/06/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## who tasted the heavenly gift ## +# those who were once enlightened -This refers to believers whom God has saved. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Understanding is spoken of as if it were illumination. AT: "those who once understood the message about Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who tasted God's good word ## +# who tasted the heavenly gift -This refers to believers who have experienced God's Word for themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Experiencing salvation is spoken of as if it were tasting food. AT: "who experienced God's saving power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they have crucified for themselves the very Son of God again ## +# who were sharers of the Holy Spirit -When people turn away from God, it is like they are crucifying Jesus again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The Holy Spirit, who comes to believers, is spoken of as if he were an object that people could share. AT: "who received the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## fell away ## +# who tasted God's good word -AT: "turned away from God" \ No newline at end of file +Learning God's word is spoken of as if it were tasting food. AT: "who learned God's good word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the powers of the age to come + +This means the power of God when his kingdom is fully present in all the world. In this sense, "the powers" refer to God himself, who holds all power. AT: "learned how God will work powerfully in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who then fell away + +Losing all faithfulness to God is spoken of as if it were a physical fall. AT: "who then stopped believing in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it is impossible to restore them again to repentance + +"it is impossible to bring them back to repent again" + +# they crucify the Son of God for themselves again + +When people turn away from God, it is as though they crucify Jesus again. AT: "it is like they crucify for themselves the very Son of God again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/07.md b/heb/06/07.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..73f878a00b --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/06/07.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# the land that drinks in the rain + +Farmland that benefits from much rain is spoken of as if it were a person who drinks in the rainwater. AT: "the land that absorbs the rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# that gives birth to the plants + +Farmland that produces crops is spoken of as if it gives birth to them. AT: "that produces plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# to those for whom the land was worked + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to those for whom someone prepared the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the land that receives a blessing from God + +Rain and crops are seen as proof that God has helped the farmland. The farmland is spoken of as if it were a person who could receive God's blessing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a blessing from God + +Here "blessing" means help from God, not spoken words. + +# is near to a curse + +This speaks of "curse" as if it were a place to which a person could draw near. AT: "is in danger of God cursing it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Its end is in burning + +The farmer will burn everything in the field. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/09.md b/heb/06/09.md index 085c8cdb46..e2d5e3f9cb 100644 --- a/heb/06/09.md +++ b/heb/06/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## For God is not so unjust as to forget ## +# we are convinced -AT: "For God is just and will not forget" \ No newline at end of file +Even though the author uses the plural pronoun "we," he is most likely referring only to himself. AT: "I am convinced" or "I am certain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# about better things concerning you + +This means they are doing better than those who have rejected God, disobeyed him, and now can no longer repent so that God will forgive them (See: [Hebrews 6:4-6](./04.md)). AT: "that you are doing better things than what I have mentioned" + +# things that concern salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "things that concern God saving you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# For God is not so unjust that he would forget + +This double negative can mean that God in his justice will remember what good things his people have done. AT: "For God is just and therefore will certainly remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# for his name + +God's "name" is a metonym that stands for God himself. AT: "for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/11.md b/heb/06/11.md index 043a31da9a..0adedc9459 100644 --- a/heb/06/11.md +++ b/heb/06/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -This is a continuation of the advice to believers +# We greatly desire -## diligence ## +Even though the author uses the plural pronoun "we," he is most likely referring only to himself. AT: "I greatly desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -careful hard work +# diligence -## sluggish ## +careful, hard work -lazy +# to the end -## imitator ## +The implicit meaning can be stated explicitly. AT: "to the end of your lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -someone who copies the behavior of someone else \ No newline at end of file +# for the sake of full assurance of confidence + +"in order to have complete certainty that you will receive what God has promised you" + +# imitators + +An "imitator" is someone who copies the behavior of someone else. + +# inherit the promises + +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. AT: "receive what God promised them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/13.md b/heb/06/13.md index c4376e03c3..95509db01e 100644 --- a/heb/06/13.md +++ b/heb/06/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## He said ## +# He said -God said \ No newline at end of file +God said + +# I will greatly increase you + +Here "increase" stands for give descendants. AT: "I will give you many descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what was promised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what God promised him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/16.md b/heb/06/16.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3c0d549b3a --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/06/16.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# to the heirs of the promise + +The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. AT: "to those who would receive what he promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the unchangeable quality of his purpose + +"that his purpose would never change" or "that he would always do what he said he would do" + +# by two unchangeable things + +This means God's promise and God's oath. Neither of these can ever change. + +# with which it is impossible for God to lie + +This double negative can mean that God will tell the truth about this situation. AT: "about which God always tells the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# we, who have fled for refuge + +Believers, who trust in God for him to protect them, are spoken of as if they were running to a safe place. AT: "we, who have trusted him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will have a strong encouragement to hold firmly to the confidence that has been placed before us + +Trust in God is spoken of as if faith were an object that could be presented to a person and that person could hold on to it. AT: "will continue to trust in God just has he encouraged us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that has been placed before us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God has placed before us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/19.md b/heb/06/19.md index e23ec45b4e..fabf260953 100644 --- a/heb/06/19.md +++ b/heb/06/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## forerunner for us ## +# Connecting Statement: -"one who has gone before us" \ No newline at end of file +Having finished his third warning and encouragement to the believers, the writer of Hebrews continues his comparison of Jesus as priest to Melchizedek as priest. + +# as a secure and reliable anchor of our souls + +Just as an anchor keeps a boat from drifting in the water, Jesus keeps us secure in God's presence. AT: "that causes us to live securely in God's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a secure and reliable anchor + +Here the words "secure" and "reliable" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the complete reliability of the anchor. AT: "a completely reliable anchor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# confidence that enters into the inner place behind the curtain + +Confidence is spoken of as if it were a person who could go into the most holy place of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the inner place + +This was the most holy place in the temple. It was thought to be the place where God was most intensely present among his people. In this passage, this place stands for heaven and God's throne room. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as a forerunner for us + +The fact that Jesus died and rose again, and that he is now with God the Father, indicate that we who believe in him will experience the same things. Jesus is spoken of here as if he were someone who runs ahead of us and that we are running after him. AT: "as one who goes before us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# after the manner of Melchizedek + +This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. AT: "in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/06/intro.md b/heb/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..967b04ba9c --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Hebrews 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The audience of this chapter is Christians. This will probably affect how one translates some of the difficult verses. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Abrahamic Covenant ##### +God made a covenant with Abraham. In it, God promised to make Abraham's descendants into a great nation. He also promised to protect Abraham's descendants and to give them land of their own. These covenant promises are based on the character of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/01.md b/heb/07/01.md index adc406786f..6741e1c2bb 100644 --- a/heb/07/01.md +++ b/heb/07/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## He was without father ## +# Connecting Statement: -Melchidezek was without father +The writer of Hebrews continues his comparison of Jesus as priest to Melchizedek as priest. -## without any beginning of days nor end of life ## +# Salem -There is no information about when Melchizedek was born or when he died. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings + +This is refers to when Abraham and his men went and defeated the armies of four kings in order to rescue his nephew, Lot, and his family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It was to him + +"It was to Melchizedek" + +# king of righteousness ... king of peace + +"righteous king ... peaceful king" + +# He is without father, without mother, without ancestors, with neither beginning of days nor end of life + +It is possible to think from this passage that Melchizedek was neither born nor did he die. However, it is likely that all the writer means is that the Scriptures provide no information about Melchizedek's ancestry, birth, or death. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/04.md b/heb/07/04.md index 94b3c3797f..d783ec8826 100644 --- a/heb/07/04.md +++ b/heb/07/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,35 @@ -## Levi's descendants who receive the priest's office ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "the descendants of Levi who became priests." Not all of Levi's descendants became priests. \ No newline at end of file +The writer states that the priesthood of Melchizedek is better than Aaron's priesthood and then reminds them that the priesthood of Aaron did not make anything perfect. + +# this man was + +"Melchizedek was" + +# On one hand ... But on the other hand + +These phrases are used to compare two things. Your language may have a way to emphasize that the author is making a comparison. Or you could leave out "On one hand" and translate "But on the other hand" simply as "But." + +# the sons of Levi who receive the priesthood + +The author says this because not all of Levi's sons became priests. AT: "the descendants of Levi who became priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# from the people + +"from the people of Israel" + +# from their brothers + +Here "brothers" means they are all related to each other through Abraham. AT: "from their relatives" + +# they, too, have come from Abraham's body + +This is a way of saying that they were descendants of Abraham. AT: "they, too, are descendants of Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whose descent was not traced from them + +"who was not a descendant of Levi" + +# the one who had the promises + +The things that God promised to do for Abraham are spoken of as if they were objects that he could possess. AT: the one to whom God had spoken his promises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/07.md b/heb/07/07.md index 55da195734..2ac66a10f0 100644 --- a/heb/07/07.md +++ b/heb/07/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## was in the loins of his ancestor Abraham ## +# the lesser person is blessed by the greater person -AT: "had not yet been born" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the more important person blesses the less important person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# In this case ... in that case + +These phrases are used to compare the Levite priests with Melchizedek. Your language may have a way to emphasize that the author is making a comparison. + +# is testified that he lives on + +It is never explicitly written in scripture that Melchizedek dies. The author of Hebrews speaks of this absence of information about Melchizedek's death in scripture as if it were a positive statement that he is still alive. This can be stated in active form. AT: "scripture shows that he lives on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Levi ... was in the body of his ancestor + +Since Levi had not been born yet, the author speaks of him as still being in Abraham's body. In this way, the author argues that Levi paid tithes to Melchizedek through Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/11.md b/heb/07/11.md index 275d79d243..2f4f001d71 100644 --- a/heb/07/11.md +++ b/heb/07/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## what further need was there ... order of Aaron? ## +# Now -AT: "no one would have needed another priest, one who was like Melchizedek and not like Aaron, to arise." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# what further need would there have been for another priest to arise after the manner of Melchizedek, and not be considered to be after the manner of Aaron? + +This question emphasizes that it was unexpected that priests come after the order of Melchizedek. AT: "no one would have needed another priest, one who was like Melchizedek and not like Aaron, to arise." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to arise + +"to come" or "to appear" + +# after the manner of Melchizedek + +This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. AT: "in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest" + +# not be considered to be after the manner of Aaron + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "not be after the manner of Aaron" or "who is not a priest like Aaron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For when the priesthood is changed, the law must also be changed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For when God changed the priesthood, he also had to change the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/13.md b/heb/07/13.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b0abf9ef85 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/07/13.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# For the one + +This refers to Jesus. + +# about whom these things are said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "about whom I am speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# it is from Judah that our Lord was born + +The words "our Lord" refer to Jesus. + +# from Judah + +"from the tribe of Judah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/15.md b/heb/07/15.md index 6a12b9763d..63169654a1 100644 --- a/heb/07/15.md +++ b/heb/07/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## the law relating to human descent ## +# General Information: -Christ could be a priest without being a descendant of Levi. +This quote comes from a psalm of King David. -## after the order of Melchizedek ## +# What we say is clearer yet -AT: "like Melchizedek" \ No newline at end of file +"We can understand even more clearly." Here "we" refers to the author and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# if another priest arises + +"if another priest comes" + +# in the likeness of Melchizedek + +This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. AT: "in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest" + +# It was not based on the law + +"His becoming priest was not based on the law" + +# the law of fleshly descent + +The idea of human descent is spoken of as if it had only to do with the flesh of one's body. AT: "the law of human descent" or "the law about priests' descendants becoming priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For scripture witnesses about him + +This speaks about scripture as if it were a person who could witness about something. AT: "For God witnesses about him through the scriptures" or "For this is what was written about him in the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# after the manner of Melchizedek + +This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. AT: "in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/18.md b/heb/07/18.md index a5cf387910..84dfbc735f 100644 --- a/heb/07/18.md +++ b/heb/07/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the Law made nothing perfect ## +# the former regulation is set aside -This shows that the Law "is weak and useless" and so needs to be "set aside." +Here "set aside" is a metaphor for making something invalid. This can be stated in active form. AT "God made the commandment invalid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## draw near ## +# the law made nothing perfect -"come close" \ No newline at end of file +The law is spoken of as if it were a person who could act. AT: "no one could become perfect by obeying the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a better hope is introduced + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has introduced a better hope" or "God has given us reason for a more confident hope (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# through which we come near to God + +Worshiping God and having his favor are spoken of coming near to him. AT: "and because of this hope we approach God" or "and because of this hope we worship God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/20.md b/heb/07/20.md index a8b28b7124..bc2e976c37 100644 --- a/heb/07/20.md +++ b/heb/07/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## this better confidence did not happen without the taking of an oath ## +# General Information: -"someone had to take an oath so that we could have something better to have confidence in" or "...so that Christ could be appointed a priest" (See: UDB and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) +This quote comes from the same psalm of David as verse 17. (See: [Hebrews 7:17](./15.md)) -## You are a priest forever ## +# And it was not without an oath! -"You are and always will be a priest" (see UDB). \ No newline at end of file +The word "it" refers to Jesus becoming the eternal priest. It can be stated clearly who made the oath. AT: "And God did not choose this new priest without swearing an oath!" or "And it was because God swore an oath that the Lord became the new priest!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/22.md b/heb/07/22.md index aad58a896c..c484fd7f48 100644 --- a/heb/07/22.md +++ b/heb/07/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## guarantee ## +# Connecting Statement: -"assurance" or "promise" +The writer then assures these Jewish believers that Christ has the better priesthood because he lives forever and the priests that descended from Aaron all died. -## his priesthood is unchangeable ## +# guarantee -"he will remain a high priest forever" \ No newline at end of file +"assurance" or "certainty" + +# he has a permanent priesthood + +A priest's work is spoken of as if it were an object that Jesus possesses. This can be worded to avoid the abstract noun. AT: "he is a priest permanently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/25.md b/heb/07/25.md index 47b6e4682b..16e9a363af 100644 --- a/heb/07/25.md +++ b/heb/07/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Therefore ## +# Therefore -"Because Christ will be our high priest forever" +You can make explicit what "Therefore" implies. AT: "Because Christ is our high priest who lives forever," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## through him ## +# those who approach God through him -"because of what he has done" \ No newline at end of file +"those who come to God because of what Jesus has done" + +# has become higher than the heavens + +"God has raised him up to the highest heavens." The author speaks of possessing more honor and power than anyone else as if it were position that is up above all things. AT: "God has given him more honor and power than anyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/27.md b/heb/07/27.md index 37c597c6ec..988b0fa576 100644 --- a/heb/07/27.md +++ b/heb/07/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## He does not need ## +# General Information: -AT: "Christ does not need" +Here the words "He," "his," and "himself" refer to Christ. -## the Law appoints ## +# the law appoints as high priests men who have weaknesses -"God appointed in the Law" +Here "the law" is a metonym for the men who appointed the high priests according to the law of Moses. The focus is not on the men who did this, but on the fact that they did this according to the law. AT: "according to the law, men appoint as high priests men who have weaknesses" or "for according to the law, men who have weaknesses are appointed as high priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the word of the oath, which came after the Law , appointed a Son ## +# men who have weaknesses -"after he had given the law, God swore an oath and appointed his Son" +"men who are spiritually weak" or "men who are weak against sin" -## who has been made perfect ## +# the word of the oath, which came after the law, appointed a Son -"who has completely obeyed God and become mature" \ No newline at end of file +The "word of the oath" represents God who made the oath. AT: "by the word of his oath, which God made after he gave the law, God appointed a Son" or "after he had given the law, God swore an oath and appointed his Son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# who has been made perfect + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who has completely obeyed God and become mature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/07/intro.md b/heb/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..37124b97d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Hebrews 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 7:17, 21, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### High priest ##### +Jesus' role as high priest is explained in detail in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]). + +##### Melchizedek ##### +The high priest was normally from the tribe of Levi, but Jesus was from the ruling tribe, Judah. His right to be a priest came from the tradition of Melchizedek, who was a priest before the Levites came into existence. This passage will be difficult to understand if Genesis has not been translated first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### New Covenant ##### +The author mentions the New Covenant and discusses Jesus' relationship to it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/08/01.md b/heb/08/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9527211b80 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/08/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +The writer, having shown that Christ's priesthood is better than the earthly priesthood, shows that the earthly priesthood was a pattern of heavenly things. Christ has a superior ministry, a superior covenant. + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# we are saying + +Even though the author uses the plural pronoun "we," he is most likely referring only to himself. AT: "I am saying" or "I am writing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# sat down at the right hand + +Here "right hand" refers to a place of honor. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "he sat down in the place of honor" + +# of the throne of the Majesty + +Here "Majesty" refers to God, and "throne" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "of God, who is our majestic king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the true tabernacle that the Lord, not a man, set up + +People built the earthly tabernacle out of animal skins fastened to a wooden framework, and they set it up in the manner of a tent. Here "true tabernacle" means the heavenly tabernacle that God created. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/08/03.md b/heb/08/03.md index c73fdec5d6..b611e322b0 100644 --- a/heb/08/03.md +++ b/heb/08/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,43 @@ -## copy and shadow ## +# For every high priest is appointed -"model" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For God appoints every priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## pattern ## +# Now -"design" \ No newline at end of file +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# according to the law + +"as God requires in the law" + +# a copy and shadow + +These words have similar meanings to emphasize that the tabernacle was merely an image of the real tabernacle in heaven. AT: "a vague image" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# shadow of the heavenly things + +The author speaks of the earthly temple, which is a copy of the heavenly temple, as if it were a shadow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is just as Moses was warned by God when he was + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is just as God warned Moses when Moses was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was about to construct the tabernacle + +Moses did not construct the tabernacle himself. He ordered the people to construct it. AT: "was about to command the people to construct the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# See + +"Make sure" + +# to the pattern + +"to the design" + +# that was shown to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I showed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on the mountain + +You can make explicit that "mountain" refers to Mount Sinai. AT: "on Mount Sinai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/08/06.md b/heb/08/06.md index c173ad5caf..b015a4321c 100644 --- a/heb/08/06.md +++ b/heb/08/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Christ has received ## +# Connecting Statement: + +This section begins to show that the new covenant is better than the old covenant with Israel and Judah. + +# Christ has received "God has given Christ" -## faultless ## +# mediator of a better covenant -perfect \ No newline at end of file +This means Christ caused a better covenant between God and humans to exist. + +# covenant, which is based on better promises + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "covenant. It was this covenant that God made based on better promises" or "covenant. God promised better things when he made this covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# first covenant ... second covenant + +The words "first" and "second" are ordinal numbers. AT: "old covenant ... new covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# had been faultless + +"had been perfect" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/08/08.md b/heb/08/08.md index 5c86f5c12b..ff1ca692c3 100644 --- a/heb/08/08.md +++ b/heb/08/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## See ## +# General Information: -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” \ No newline at end of file +In this quotation the prophet Jeremiah foretold of a new covenant that God would make. + +# with the people + +"with the people of Israel" + +# See + +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# the days are coming + +The future is spoken of as if it were moving toward the speaker. AT: "there will be a time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Israel and with the house of Judah + +The people of Israel and Judah are spoken of as if they were houses. AT: "the people of Israel and with the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I took them by their hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt + +This metaphor represents God's great love and concern. AT: "I led them out of Egypt like a father leads his young child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they did not continue in my covenant + +To obey God's covenant is spoken of as if one were to continue in it. AT: "they did not obey my covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/08/10.md b/heb/08/10.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e0bccc5721 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/08/10.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + +This is a quotation from the prophet Jeremiah. + +# the house of Israel + +The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a house. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# after those days + +"after that time" + +# I will put my laws into their minds + +God's requirements are spoken of as if they were objects that could be placed somewhere. People's ability to think is spoken of as if it were a place. AT: "I will enable them to understand my laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will also write them on their hearts + +People's hearts, imagined to be the center of their loyalty to God, are spoken of as if they were a page that could be written on. AT: "I will also enable them to obey my laws sincerely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will be their God + +"I will be the God they worship" + +# they will be my people + +"they will be the people for whom I care" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/08/11.md b/heb/08/11.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5aa26677f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/08/11.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + +This continues the quotation from the prophet Jeremiah. + +# They will not teach each one his neighbor and each one his brother, saying, 'Know the Lord.' + +This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "They will not need to teach their neighbors or brothers to know me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# neighbor ... brother + +Both of these refer to fellow Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Know the Lord ... all will know me + +"Know" here stands for acknowledge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to their acts of unrighteousness + +This stands for the people who committed these unrighteous acts. AT: "to those who did unrighteous acts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not remember their sins any longer + +Here "remember" stands for "think about." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/08/intro.md b/heb/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ad55b94ba5 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Hebrews 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The author is still speaking about Jesus' role as the ultimate high priest. The author also begins to speak about how the new covenant is superior to the covenant God made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]). + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 8:8-12, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### New covenant ##### +The author mentions the new covenant and discusses Jesus' relationship to it. Israel's relationship to the new covenant is unclear and the subject of much debate. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### We ##### +The author begins to speak using the pronoun "we." It is uncertain who else this includes. +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/01.md b/heb/09/01.md index 660ffff2a5..367b5f6397 100644 --- a/heb/09/01.md +++ b/heb/09/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -The author continues the comparison between the first and second covenant. +# Connecting Statement: -## first covenant ## +The writer makes clear to these Jewish believers that the laws and the tabernacle of the old covenant were only pictures of the better, new covenant. -Translate this as you did in [Hebrews 8:6](../08/06.md). +# Now -## regulations ## +This word marks a new part of the teaching. -"detailed instructions" or "rules" or "directions" +# first covenant -## For ## +See how you translated this in [Hebrews 8:7](../08/06.md). -The author is continuing the discussion from [Hebrews 8:6](../08/06.md). +# had regulations -## there was a room prepared ## +"had detailed instructions" or "had rules" -"the Israelites prepared a room" +# For -## bread of the presence ## +The author is continuing the discussion from [Hebrews 8:7](../08/06.md). -"bread on display before God" (UDB) or "bread the priests presented to God" \ No newline at end of file +# a tabernacle was prepared + +A tabernacle was constructed and made ready for use. This idea can be stated in active form. AT: "the Israelites prepared a tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the lampstand, the table, and the bread of the presence + +These objects are all accompanied by the definite article "the," because the author assumes that his readers already know about these things. + +# bread of the presence + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "presence" is expressed as the verb "display" or "present." AT: "bread on display before God" or "bread the priests presented to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/03.md b/heb/09/03.md index 6f0b747d3f..5db39293ac 100644 --- a/heb/09/03.md +++ b/heb/09/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## behind the second curtain ## +# Behind the second curtain -The first curtain was the outer wall of the tabernacle, so the "second curtain" was the curtain between the "holy place" and the "most holy place". +The first curtain was the outer wall of the tabernacle, so the "second curtain" was the curtain between the "holy place" and the "most holy place." -## Inside it ## +# second + +This is the ordinal word for number two. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Inside it "Inside the ark of the covenant" -## budded ## +# Aaron's rod that budded + +This was the rod Aaron had when God proved to the people of Israel that he had chosen Aaron as his priest by making Aaron's rod bud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# budded "flowered" or "sprouted" or "grew and developed" -## stone tablet ## +# tablets of the covenant -A flat piece of stone that had writing on it. +Here "tablets" are flat pieces of stone that had writing on them. This refers to the stone tablets on which the ten commandments were written. -## figure ## +# glorious cherubim overshadowed the atonement lid -A sculpture that represents the form of something +When the Israelites were making the ark of the covenant, God commanded them to carve two cherubim facing each other, with their wings touching, over the atonement lid of the ark of the covenant. Here they are spoken of as providing shade for the ark of the covenant. AT: "glorious cherubim covered the atonement lid with their wings" -## cherubim hovered over ## +# cherubim -"cherubim were above" +Here "cherubim" means figures of two cherubim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## atonement lid ## +# which we cannot -the top of the ark of the covenant \ No newline at end of file +Even though the author uses the plural pronoun "we," he is most likely referring only to himself. AT: "which I cannot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/06.md b/heb/09/06.md index 76149e68b4..e98db27d09 100644 --- a/heb/09/06.md +++ b/heb/09/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## After these things have been prepared ## +# After these things were prepared -AT: "After the priests have prepared these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "After the priests prepared these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## prepared ## +# not without blood -"made ready earlier" +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "he always brought blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## not without offering ## +# blood -"always offering" or "he always has to offer" \ No newline at end of file +This is the blood of the bull and goat that the high priest had to sacrifice on the Day of Atonement. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/08.md b/heb/09/08.md index 69bdd7ad0f..6f1250335f 100644 --- a/heb/09/08.md +++ b/heb/09/08.md @@ -1,39 +1,43 @@ -## the way...has not yet been revealed ## +# the most holy place -AT: "God has not yet revealed the way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the inner room of the tabernacle on earth or 2) God's presence in heaven. -## the most holy place ## +# the first tabernacle was still standing -Possible meanings: 1) the inner room of the tabernacle on earth (see UDB) or 2) God's presence in heaven. +Possible meanings are 1) "the outer room of the tabernacle was still standing" or 2) "the earthly tabernacle and the sacrificial system still existed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the first tabernacle is still standing ## +# This was an illustration -Possible meanings: 1) "the outer room of the tabernacle is still standing (see UDB) or 2) "the sacrificial system continues" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"This was a picture" or "This was a symbol" -## illustration ## +# for the present time -"picture" +"for now" -## the present time ## +# that are now being offered -"now" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the priests now offer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## perfect the worshiper's conscience ## +# are not able to perfect the worshiper's conscience -"make the worshiper free from guilt" +The writer speaks of a person's conscience as if it were an object that could be made better and better until it was without fault. A person's conscience is his knowledge of right and wrong. It is also his awareness of whether or not he has done wrong. If he knows he has done wrong, we say that he feels guilty. AT: "are not able to make the worshiper free from guilt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## ceremonial washing ## +# the worshiper's conscience -"rules" or "symbolic acts" +The writer appears to refer to only one worshiper, but he means all those who came to worship God at the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## regulations for the flesh ## +# regulations for the flesh -"rules for the physical body" +Here "flesh" refers to the physical body. AT: "rules for the physical body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## These were all regulations for the flesh that were provided ## +# These were all regulations for the flesh that were provided -AT: "God provided all these regulations for the flesh" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God provided all these regulations for the flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## new order ## +# that were provided until the new order would be created + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God provided until he created the new order" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# new order "new covenant" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/11.md b/heb/09/11.md index 7335ffb229..20f2a32340 100644 --- a/heb/09/11.md +++ b/heb/09/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## good things ## +# Connecting Statement: -the "new order" ([Hebrews 9:8](./08.md)) +Having described the service of the tabernacle under God's law, the writer makes clear that Christ's service under the new covenant is better because it is sealed with his blood. It is better also because Christ has entered the true "tabernacle," that is, God's own presence in heaven, instead of entering, as other high priests, into the earthly tabernacle, which was only an imperfect copy. -## most holy place ## +# good things -God's presence in heaven \ No newline at end of file +This does not refer to material things. It means the good things that God promised in his new covenant. + +# the greater and more perfect tabernacle + +This refers to the heavenly tent or tabernacle, which is more important and more perfect than the earthly tabernacle. + +# that was not made by human hands + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that humans hands did not make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# human hands + +Here "hands" refers to the whole person. AT: "humans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# most holy place + +God's presence in heaven is spoken of as if it were the most holy place, the innermost room in the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/13.md b/heb/09/13.md index ecb0651f84..aa88f49882 100644 --- a/heb/09/13.md +++ b/heb/09/13.md @@ -1,27 +1,51 @@ -## sprinkling of...ashes on those who are ritually unclean ## +# sprinkling of a heifer's ashes on those who have become unclean The priest would drop small amounts of the ashes on the unclean people. -## how much more will Christ's blood, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, cleanse our conscience from dead deeds to serve the living God? ## +# for the cleansing of their flesh -"Christ offered himself without blemish to God through the eternal Spirit, and his blood will cleanse our conscience from dead deeds to serve the living God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "flesh" refers to the entire body. AT: "for the cleansing of their bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Christ's blood...cleanse our conscience ## +# how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, cleanse our conscience from dead works to serve the living God? -Because Jesus sacrificed himself, we no longer have to feel guilty for the sins we have committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The author uses this question to emphasize that Christ's sacrifice was the most powerful. AT: "then certainly Christ's blood will cleanse our conscience even more from dead works to serve the living God! Because, through the eternal Spirit, he offered himself without blemish to God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## our conscience ## +# the blood of Christ -the conscience of the writer and of the readers +The "blood" of Christ stands for his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## For this reason ## +# cleanse our conscience + +Here "conscience" refers to a person's feeling of guilt. Believers no longer have to feel guilty for the sins they have committed because Jesus sacrificed himself and has forgiven them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# blemish + +This is a small sin or moral fault spoken of here as if it were a small, unusual spot or defect on Christ's body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cleanse + +Here "cleanse" stands for the action of relieving our consciences from guilt for the sins we have committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dead works + +Sinful deeds are spoken of as if they belonged to the world of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For this reason "As a result" or "Because of this" -## penalty ## +# he is the mediator of a new covenant -"punishment" +This means Christ caused the new covenant between God and humans to exist. -## those called by God ## +# first covenant -those whom God has appointed or chosen to be his children \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Hebrews 8:7](../08/06.md). + +# those who are called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom God has chosen to be his children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# inheritance + +Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/16.md b/heb/09/16.md index 634f185432..47ab6fe960 100644 --- a/heb/09/16.md +++ b/heb/09/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## will ## +# will -a legal document in which a person states who should receive that person's possessions when that person dies \ No newline at end of file +a legal document in which a person states who should receive his possessions when he himself dies + +# the death of the person who made it must be proven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone must prove that the person who made the will has died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/18.md b/heb/09/18.md index 9904f4403d..6aa678f31c 100644 --- a/heb/09/18.md +++ b/heb/09/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## So not even the first covenant was established without blood ## +# So not even the first covenant was established without blood -AT: "So God established even the first covenant with blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active and positive form. AT: "So God established even the first covenant with blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## took the blood...with water...and sprinkled...the scroll...and all the people ## +# first covenant -The priest would dip the hyssop in the blood and the water and then shake the hyssop so drops of blood and water would fall on the scroll and on the people. +See how you translated this in [Hebrews 8:7](../08/06.md). -## hyssop ## +# blood -a plant used in ceremonial sprinkling \ No newline at end of file +The death of animals sacrificed to God is spoken of as if it were nothing but blood. AT: "the death of animals sacrificed to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# took the blood ... with water ... and sprinkled ... the scroll ... and all the people + +The priest dipped the hyssop in the blood and the water and then shook the hyssop so drops of blood and water would fall on the scroll and on the people. Sprinkling was a symbolic action done by the priests by which they applied the benefits of the covenant to people and to objects. Here the scroll and the people's acceptability to God are renewed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# hyssop + +a woody shrub with flowers in summer, used in ceremonial sprinkling + +# the blood of the covenant + +Here "blood" refers to the death of the animals sacrificed to carry out the covenant's requirements. AT: "the blood that brings into effect the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/21.md b/heb/09/21.md index 6eb82d07da..5bbdf8d7b5 100644 --- a/heb/09/21.md +++ b/heb/09/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## sprinkled ## +# he sprinkled -See how you translated this in [Hebrews 9:18](./18.md) +"Moses sprinkled" -## container ## +# sprinkled -"object that can hold something" or "vessel" +Sprinkling was a symbolic action done by the priests by which they applied the benefits of the covenant to people and to objects. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 9:19](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## priestly service ## +# all the containers used in the service -"work of the priests" +A container is an object that can hold things. Here it may refer to any kind of utensil or tool. AT: "all the utensils used in the the service" -## everything is cleansed with blood ## +# used in the service -"the priests use blood to cleanse everything" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the priests used in their work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# almost everything is cleansed with blood + +Making something acceptable to God is spoken of as if it were cleansing that thing. This idea can be stated in active form. AT: "the priests use blood to cleanse almost everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# blood + +Here the animal "blood" is talking about the animal's death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness + +Here "shedding of blood" refers to something dying as a sacrifice to God. This double negative can mean that all forgiveness comes through the shedding of blood. AT: "Forgiveness only comes when something dies as a sacrifice" or "God only forgives when something dies as a sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# forgiveness + +You can state explicitly the implied meaning. AT: "forgiveness of the sins of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/23.md b/heb/09/23.md index 23c7157849..41dc014889 100644 --- a/heb/09/23.md +++ b/heb/09/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## the copies of the things in heaven should be cleansed with these animal sacrifices ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "the priests should use these animal sacrifices to cleanse the copies of the things in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The writer emphasizes that Christ (now in heaven interceding for us) had to die only once for sins and that he will return to earth a second time. -## the heavenly things themselves had to be cleansed with much better sacrifices ## +# the copies of the things in heaven should be cleansed with these animal sacrifices -AT: "as for the heavenly things themselves, God had to cleanse them with much better sacrifices" than the sacrifices used to cleanse the earthly copies \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the priests should use these animal sacrifices to cleanse what are copies of things that are in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the heavenly things themselves had to be cleansed with much better sacrifices + +That is, better than the sacrifices used to cleanse the earthly copies. This can be stated in active form. AT: "as for the heavenly things themselves, God had to cleanse them with much better sacrifices" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the most holy place made with hands, which + +Here "with hands" means "by humans." This can be stated in active form. AT: "the most holy place, which humans made, and which" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# of the true one + +"of the true most holy place" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/25.md b/heb/09/25.md index 78632bcc70..3a496a952a 100644 --- a/heb/09/25.md +++ b/heb/09/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## He did not go there ## +# He did not go there -"He did not enter heaven" (UDB) +"He did not enter heaven" -## If that were true ## +# year by year + +"every year" or "each year" + +# with the blood of another + +This means with the blood of an animal victim, not with his own blood. + +# If that had been the case "If he had had to offer himself often" -## the world's beginning ## +# since the world's foundation -"God created the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The creation of the world is spoken of as if the world were a building and the foundation was the first part to be constructed. AT: "since God began to create the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he has been revealed ## +# he has been revealed -AT: "God has revealed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has revealed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself + +This speaks about sin as if it were an object that a person could put away. Putting sin away represents forgiving it. AT: "to cause God to forgive sins by sacrificing himself" or "to sacrifice himself so that sin can be forgiven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/27.md b/heb/09/27.md index 31577ead01..95b8a1918d 100644 --- a/heb/09/27.md +++ b/heb/09/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Christ, who was offered ## +# Christ also, who was offered -AT: "Christ, who offered himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Christ also, who offered himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to take away the sins + +The act of making us innocent rather than guilty for our sins is spoken of as if our sins were physical objects that Christ could carry away from us. AT: "so that God would forgive the sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sins + +Here "sins" mean the guilt that people have before God because of the sins they committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/09/intro.md b/heb/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f0d5db46da --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# Hebrews 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter discusses how Jesus is superior to the temple and its religious system of regulations. This chapter will be difficult to understand if the first five books of the Old Testament have not yet been translated. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Will ##### +A will is a legal document that declares what will happen to a person's property after they die. + +##### Blood ##### +Blood played an important role in the Mosaic and New Covenants. In the Mosaic Covenant, it was the blood of the sacrifices which was significant. In the New Covenant, it is the blood of Jesus that is much more important by comparison. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +##### Return of Christ ##### +The purpose of the return of Christ is to ultimately redeem the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### First covenant ##### +This is a reference to the covenant made with Moses. Although it is not the first covenant recorded in scripture, it was the first covenant that God made with the people of Israel, so it was earlier than the new covenant made through Jesus Christ. The translator may wish to translate "the first covenant" as "the earlier covenant." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 9:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/01.md b/heb/10/01.md index 8f0f80be4f..e1f5aacc10 100644 --- a/heb/10/01.md +++ b/heb/10/01.md @@ -1,39 +1,39 @@ -## not those realities ## +# Connecting Statement: -"not the real things" +The writer shows the weakness of the law and its sacrifices, why God gave the law, and the perfection of the new priesthood and Christ's sacrifice. -## draw near ## +# the law is only a shadow of the good things to come -"come to worship" (UDB) or "come close" +This speaks about the law as if it were a shadow. The author means the law is not the good things that God had promised. It only hints at the good things that God is going to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## would not those sacrifices have ceased to be offered? ## +# not the real forms of those things themselves -"they would have ceased offering those sacrifices." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"not the real things themselves" -## ceased ## - -"stopped" - -## case ## - -"situation" - -## having been once cleansed ## - -"whom God had cleansed" - -## awareness ## - -"knowledge of the existence" - -## there is a reminder of sins committed ## - -"God reminds the people of the sins they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## year after year ## +# year after year "every year" -## For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins ## +# would the sacrifices not have ceased to be offered? -"For the blood of bulls and goats can never take away sin" \ No newline at end of file +The author uses a question to state that the sacrifices were limited in their power. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they would have ceased offering those sacrifices." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# ceased + +"stopped" + +# the worshipers would have been cleansed + +Here being cleansed represents no longer being guilty of sin. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sacrifices would have taken away their sin" or "God would have made them no longer guilty of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# would no longer have any consciousness of sin + +"would no longer think that they are guilty of sin" or "would know that they are no longer guilty of sin" + +# For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins + +Sins are spoken of as if they were objects that animal blood could sweep away as it flowed. AT: "For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to cause God to forgive sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the blood of bulls and goats + +Here "blood" refers to these animals dying as sacrifices to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/05.md b/heb/10/05.md index 3228f3dfcd..506792b59f 100644 --- a/heb/10/05.md +++ b/heb/10/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## you prepared a body for me ## +# General Information: -"you had made a body ready for me" \ No newline at end of file +Christ's words when he was on earth were foretold in this quotation from a psalm of David. + +# that you desired + +Here "you" is singular and refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# prepared + +"made ready" + +# Then I said + +Here "I" refers to Christ. + +# as it is written about me in the scroll + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as the prophets wrote about me in the scroll" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the scroll + +This means the scriptures or the holy writings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/08.md b/heb/10/08.md index c6d3242dc4..c9f28af580 100644 --- a/heb/10/08.md +++ b/heb/10/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## as is stated above ## +# General Information: -AT: "As I just wrote, Jesus said:" +Though changing the wording slightly, the author repeats these quotations from a psalm of David for emphasis. -## sacrifices, offerings, or whole burnt offerings ## +# sacrifices ... offerings ... whole burnt offerings ... sacrifices for sin -Translate these words as you did in [Hebrews 10:5](./05.md). +See how you translated these words in [Hebrews 10:5-6](./05.md). -## —sacrifices that are offered ## +# that are offered -AT, starting a new sentence: "These are all sacrifices that people offer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that priests offer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## See, ## +# See -“Pay attention to what I am about to tell you:” +"Look" or "Listen" -## we have been sanctified by God's will ## +# He takes away the first practice in order to establish the second practice -"God wanted Christ to sacrifice himself, and that sacrifice has sanctified us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "practice" here refers to a way of atoning for sins. Stopping doing it is spoken of as if it were an object that could be taken away. Starting the second way of atoning for sins is spoken of as establishing that practice. AT: "He stops people atoning for sins the first way in order to atone for sins the second way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# first practice ... the second practice + +The words "first" and "second" are ordinal numbers. AT: "old practice ... the new practice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# we have been sanctified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has sanctified us" or "God has dedicated us to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ + +The abstract noun "offering" can be expressed with the verb "offer" or "sacrifice." AT: "because Jesus Christ offered his body as a sacrifice" or "because Jesus Christ sacrificed his body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/11.md b/heb/10/11.md index 97fa8de83c..ef7ba2ba67 100644 --- a/heb/10/11.md +++ b/heb/10/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Indeed ## +# On the one hand ... On the other hand -This connects [Hebrews 10:1](./01.md) with the words that follow. +These phrases are used to compares two things. Your language may have a way to emphasize that the author is making a comparison. Or you could leave out "On the one hand" and translate "On the other hand" simply as "But." -## his enemies were humbled and made a stool for his feet ## +# day by day -"God humbled and completely shamed Christ's enemies." It was a great shame for people to be put under other people's feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"day after day" or "every day" -## those who are sanctified ## +# can never take away sins -AT: "those whom God sanctified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of "sins" as if they are an object that a person can take away. AT: "can never cause God to forgive sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he sat down at the right hand of God + +Here "right hand" refers to a place of honor. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "he sat down in the place of honor next to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# until his enemies are made a stool for his feet + +The humiliation of Christ's enemies is spoken of as if they were made a place for him to rest his feet. This can be stated in active form. AT: "until God humiliates Christ's enemies and they become like a stool for his feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who are being sanctified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom God is sanctifying" or "those whom God has dedicated to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/15.md b/heb/10/15.md index 50a6f77a1c..6f80a929ee 100644 --- a/heb/10/15.md +++ b/heb/10/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## first ## +# General Information: -before what he says in [Hebrews 10:17](./17.md) +This is a quotation from the prophet Jeremiah in the Old Testament. -## them ## +# with them -those who are sanctified ([Hebrews 10:11](./11.md)) +"with my people" -## after those days ## +# after those days -"when the first covenant is complete" \ No newline at end of file +"when the time of the first covenant with my people has finished" + +# I will put my laws in their hearts, and I will write them on their minds + +People's hearts and minds are spoken of as if God's laws could be put or written on them. AT: "I will cause them to understand my laws and I will cause them to obey them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/17.md b/heb/10/17.md index 9aef5e22b0..84b6fceebe 100644 --- a/heb/10/17.md +++ b/heb/10/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Then ## +# General Information: -after what was said in [Hebrews 10:15](./15.md) +This continues the quotation from the prophet Jeremiah in the Old Testament. -## No more will I remember ## +# No more will I remember their sins and lawless deeds -"I will not remember" +This is the second part of the Holy Spirit's testimony (See: [Hebrews 10:15-16](./15.md)). You can make this explicit in the translation. AT: "Then next he said, 'No more will I remember how they did things that were forbidden and how they broke the law.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## there is forgiveness for ## +# No more will I remember their sins -"God has forgiven" \ No newline at end of file +"I will no longer remember their sins" or "I will no longer think about their sins" + +# sins and lawless deeds + +The words "sins" and "lawless deeds" mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize how bad the sin is. AT: "sinful, evil deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Now + +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# where there is forgiveness for these + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "forgiveness" is expressed as the verb "forgive." AT: "when God has forgiven these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# there is no longer any sacrifice for sin + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "sacrifice" is expressed as the verb "make offerings." AT: "people no longer need to make offerings for sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/19.md b/heb/10/19.md index a173adbd4a..4734bf1972 100644 --- a/heb/10/19.md +++ b/heb/10/19.md @@ -1,27 +1,71 @@ -## the most holy place ## +# Connecting Statement: -the presence of God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Having made it clear that there is only one sacrifice for sin, the writer continues with the picture of the most holy place in the temple, where only the high priest could enter each year with the blood of the sacrifice for sins. He reminds the believers that they now worship God in his presence as if they were standing in the most holy place. -## his body ## +# brothers -AT: "his death" +Here this means all believers in Christ whether male or female. AT: "brothers and sisters" or "fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## through the curtain ## +# the most holy place -The curtain in the earthly temple represents the separation between people and God's true presence. +This means the presence of God, not the most holy place in the old tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the house of God ## +# by the blood of Jesus -all believers +Here "blood of Jesus" refers to the death of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## full assurance ## +# living way -a strong feeling of confidence +Possible meanings are 1) this new way to God that Jesus has provided results in believers living forever or 2) Jesus is alive, and he is the way believers enter into the presence of God. -## hearts sprinkled clean ## +# through the curtain -AT: "hearts that God has sprinkled Jesus' blood on and made clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The curtain in the earthly temple represents the separation between people and God's true presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## sprinkled ## +# by means of his flesh -See how you translated this in [Hebrews 9:18](../09/18.md) \ No newline at end of file +Here "flesh" stands for the body of Jesus, and his body stands for his sacrificial death. AT: "by means of his death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# we have a great priest over the house of God + +This must be translated in such a way as to make it clear that Jesus is this "great priest." + +# over the house + +"in charge of the house" + +# the house of God + +This speaks about God's people as if they were a literal house. AT: "all the people of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let us approach + +Here "approach" stands for worshiping God, as a priest would go up to God's altar to sacrifice animals to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with true hearts + +"with faithful hearts" or "with honest hearts." Here "hearts" stands for the genuine will and motivation of the believers. AT: "with sincerity" or "sincerely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the full assurance of faith + +"and with a confident faith" or "and trusting completely in Jesus" + +# having our hearts sprinkled clean + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as if had he made our hearts clean with his blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# hearts sprinkled clean + +Here "hearts" stands for the conscience, the awareness of right and wrong. Being made clean stands for being forgiven and being given the status of righteousness. Hearts are spoken of as if they could be cleansed by blood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sprinkled + +Sprinkling was a symbolic action done by the priests by which they applied the benefits of the covenant to people and to objects. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 9:19](../09/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# having our bodies washed with pure water + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as if he had washed our bodies in pure water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# our bodies washed with pure water + +If the translator understands this phrase as referring to Christian baptism, then "water" is literal, not figurative. But if water is taken as literal, then "pure" is figurative, standing for the spiritual purity that baptism is said here to accomplish. The "washing" stands for the believer being made acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/23.md b/heb/10/23.md index 79ecf3173c..85aae7a0c6 100644 --- a/heb/10/23.md +++ b/heb/10/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## hold tightly to the confession of our confident expectation ## +# Let us also hold tightly to the confession of our confident expectation -"continue telling people that we are confident because we believe that God will do what he has promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "hold tightly" is a metaphor that refers to a person determining to do something and refusing to stop. The abstract nouns "confession" and "expectation" can be translated as verbs. AT: "Let us be determined to continue confessing the things that we confidently expect from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## wavering ## +# without wavering -"becoming unsure" +Being uncertain about something is spoken of as if he were wavering or leaning from side to side. AT: "without being unsure" or "without doubting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the day drawing near ## +# Let us not stop meeting together -AT: "the day when Jesus returns becoming closer" \ No newline at end of file +You can make explicit that the people met to worship. AT: "Let us not stop coming together to worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# as you see the day coming closer + +A future time is spoken of as if it were an object coming closer to the speaker. Here "the day" refers to when Jesus will return. AT: "as you know that Christ will return soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/26.md b/heb/10/26.md index dfd4a0fe1c..515d144fc9 100644 --- a/heb/10/26.md +++ b/heb/10/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## deliberately ## +# Connecting Statement: -"with full understanding" +The writer now gives his fourth warning. -## a sacrifice for sins no longer exists ## +# deliberately -"no one can offer a sacrifice for which God will forgive our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"intentionally" + +# after we have received the knowledge of the truth + +Knowledge of the truth is spoken of as if it were an object that could be given by one person to another. AT: "after we have learned the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the truth + +The truth about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a sacrifice for sins no longer exists + +No one is able to give a new sacrifice because Christ's sacrifice is the only one that works. AT: "no one can offer a sacrifice for which God will forgive our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a sacrifice for sins + +Here "sacrifice for sins" stands for "an effective way to sacrifice animals to take away sins" + +# of judgment + +Of God's judgment, that is, that God will judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a fury of fire that will consume God's enemies + +God's fury is spoken of as if it were fire that would burn up his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/28.md b/heb/10/28.md index afb05b8329..1cb6bd1a9b 100644 --- a/heb/10/28.md +++ b/heb/10/28.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## two or three ## +# of two or three witnesses -"2 or 3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +It is implied that this means "of at least two or three witness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## How much more punishment do you think anyone deserves...? ## +# How much worse punishment do you think one deserves ... grace? -AT: "This was severe punishment. But the punishment will be even greater for anyone...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The author is emphasizing the greatness of the punishment for those who reject Christ. AT: "This was severe punishment. But the punishment will be even greater for anyone ... grace!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## trampled on the Son of God ## +# has trampled underfoot the Son of God -This word picture illustrates the serious nature of disregarding what Christ has done. AT: "rejected what the Son of God has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Disregarding Christ and scorning him are spoken of as if someone had walked on him. AT: "has rejected the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## trampled ## +# the Son of God -"stepped heavily" +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## the blood by which he was sanctified ## +# who treated the blood of the covenant as unholy -"the blood by which God sanctified him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This shows how the person has trampled the Son of God. AT: "by treating the blood of the covenant as unholy" -## Spirit of grace ## +# the blood of the covenant -"Spirit of God who provides grace" \ No newline at end of file +Here "blood" stands for Christ's death, by which God established the new covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the blood by which he was sanctified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the blood by which God sanctified him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Spirit of grace + +"the Spirit of God, who provides grace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/30.md b/heb/10/30.md index d0baab415b..96141c0542 100644 --- a/heb/10/30.md +++ b/heb/10/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## we know ## +# General Information: -the writer and all believers know (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +The word "we" here refers to the writer and all believers. These two quotations come from the law that Moses gave in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## fall into the hands ## +# Vengeance belongs to me -AT: "be under the full judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Vengeance is spoken of as if it were an object that belongs to God, who has the right to do as he wishes with what he owns. God has the right to take vengeance on his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will pay back + +God taking vengeance is spoken of as if he were paying back the harmful things that someone has done to others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to fall into the hands + +Receiving God's full punishment is spoken of as if the person falls into God's hands. Here "hands" refers to God's power to judge. AT: "to receive God's full punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/32.md b/heb/10/32.md index b792a6cb7b..11a053a413 100644 --- a/heb/10/32.md +++ b/heb/10/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## after you were enlightened ## +# the former days -"after you learned the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"the time in the past" -## You were exposed to public ridicule by insults and persecution ## +# after you were enlightened -"People ridiculed you by insulting and persecuting you in public" +Learning the truth is spoken of as if God shined a light on the person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "after you learned the truth about Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you yourselves ## +# how you endured a great struggle in suffering -the readers, unlike those who had ridiculed them, put them in prison, and taken their possessions \ No newline at end of file +"how much suffering you had to endure" + +# You were exposed to public ridicule by insults and persecution + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People ridiculed you by insulting and persecuting you in public" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you were sharing with those + +"you joined those" + +# a better and everlasting possession + +God's eternal blessings are spoken of as a "possession." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/35.md b/heb/10/35.md index 2f13db8247..37706ebedb 100644 --- a/heb/10/35.md +++ b/heb/10/35.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## throw away ## +# General Information: -as of something worthless or useless +In 10:37 is a quotation from the prophet Isaiah in the Old Testament. -## in a very little while ## +# do not throw away your confidence, which has a great reward + +A person no longer having confidence is spoken of as if the person were to throw confidence away, like a person would discard something worthless. The abstract noun "confidence" can be translated with the adjective "confident" or the adverb "confidently." AT: "do not stop being confident, because you will receive a great reward for being confident" or "do not stop confidently trusting in God, who will reward you greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# For in a very little while + +You can make this explicit. AT: "As God said in the scriptures, 'For in a very little while" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in a very little while "very soon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/38.md b/heb/10/38.md index f5a15585cc..ed54adaff0 100644 --- a/heb/10/38.md +++ b/heb/10/38.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -The words of the prophet are continued from [Hebrews 10:35](./35.md). +# General Information: -## My righteous one ## +In 10:38 the author quotes from the prophet Habakkuk, which directly follows the quotation from the prophet Isaiah in 10:37. -"My faithful follower" \ No newline at end of file +# My righteous one ... If he turns ... with him + +These refer to any of God's people in general. AT: "My faithful people ... If any one of them turns ... with that person" or "My faithful people ... If they turn ... with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# My righteous ... I will + +Here "My" and "I" refer to God. + +# If he turns back + +Losing courage and faith are spoken of as if it were turning back from following a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who turn back to destruction + +Losing courage and faith are spoken of as if it were turning back from following a path. And "destruction" is spoken of as if it were a destination. AT: "who stop trusting God, which will cause him to destroy us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for keeping our soul + +Living eternally with God is spoken of as if it were keeping one's soul. Here "soul" refers to the whole person. AT: ", which will result in us living with God forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/10/intro.md b/heb/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..50906eb736 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Hebrews 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter discusses how life as a Christian is superior to life as a Jew under the law of Moses and how the sacrifice of Jesus was superior to the sacrifices offered in the Temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 10:5-7, 6-17, 37-38, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +== God's judgment and reward== +Holy living is important for Christians. God will hold people accountable for how they lived their Christian life. Even though there will not be eternal condemnation for Christians, ungodly actions do and will have consequences. In addition, faithful living will be rewarded. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins" ##### +The sacrifices themselves had no redeeming power. They were effective because they were a display of faith, which was credited to the person offering the sacrifice. It was ultimately the sacrifice of Jesus which then makes these sacrifices "take away sins." In turn, God does not want sacrifices offered devoid of faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### "The covenant that I will make" ##### +It is unclear whether this prophecy was being fulfilled as the author was writing or whether it was to occur later. The translator should try to avoid making a claim about the time this covenant begins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/01.md b/heb/11/01.md index fc766497bd..f3f9f45d65 100644 --- a/heb/11/01.md +++ b/heb/11/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,39 @@ -The Old Testament believers lived by faith. +# Connecting Statement: -## faith is the assurance one has when he is confidently expecting ## +The author tells three things about faith in this brief introduction. -"faith is the basis one has for confidently expecting" +# Now -## For by this ## +This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here the author starts to explain the meaning of "faith." -"Because they were certain about what was still not seen" +# faith is the assurance about the things that are confidently expected -## our ancestors were approved for their faith ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "faith is what allows a person to confidently expect certain things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"God approved of our ancestors because they had faith" \ No newline at end of file +# confidently expected + +Here this refers specifically to the sure promises of God, especially the certainty that all believers in Jesus will live with God forever in heaven. + +# that are still not seen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that we still have not seen" or "that still have not happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For because of this + +"Because they were certain about events that had not happened" + +# the ancestors were approved for their faith + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God approved of our ancestors because they had faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the ancestors + +The author is speaking to the Hebrews about Hebrew ancestors. AT: "our ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the universe was created by God's command + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God created the universe by commanding it to exist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what is visible was not made out of things that were visible + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God did not create what we see out of things that were visible" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/04.md b/heb/11/04.md index 122ee0ff43..a48b0d0a90 100644 --- a/heb/11/04.md +++ b/heb/11/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## more appropriate ## +# Connecting Statement: -"better" +The writer then gives many examples (mostly from Old Testament writings) of people who lived by faith even though they did not receive what God had promised while they lived on the earth. -## Abel still speaks ## +# he was attested to be righteous -AT: "what Abel did continues to teach us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God declared him to be righteous" or "God declared that Abel was righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Abel still speaks + +Reading the scriptures and learning about Abel's faith is spoken of as if Abel himself were still speaking. AT: "we still learn from what Abel did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/05.md b/heb/11/05.md index 2a03819199..189e101fd1 100644 --- a/heb/11/05.md +++ b/heb/11/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## by faith Enoch was taken up and did not see death ## +# It was by faith that Enoch was taken up so that he did not see death -AT: "by faith Enoch did not die because God took him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It was by faith that Enoch did not die because God took him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## see death ## +# see death -"die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This speaks of death as if it were an object that people can see. It means to experience death. AT: "die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## it was said of him that he had pleased God ## +# before he was taken up -Possible meanings: 1) "God said that Enoch had pleased him" (see UDB) or 2) "people said that Enoch pleased God." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "before God took him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## before he was taken up ## +# it was testified that he had pleased God -"before God took him up" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "God said that Enoch had pleased him" or 2) "people said that Enoch pleased God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Now without faith + +Here "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# without faith it is impossible to please him + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "a person can please God only if he has faith in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# that anyone coming to God + +Wanting to worship God and belong to his people is spoken of as if the person is literally coming to God. AT: "that anyone who wants to belong to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he is a rewarder of those + +"he rewards those" + +# those who seek him + +Those who learn about God and make an effort to obey him are spoken of as if they were seeking to find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/07.md b/heb/11/07.md index 515807d5f9..fbb9dd89d7 100644 --- a/heb/11/07.md +++ b/heb/11/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -The writer of Hebrews has just focused on faith as well as Enoch's faith. +# having been given a divine message -## being warned by God ## +This can be stated in active form and in other terms. AT: "because God told him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "because God warned him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# about things not yet seen -## things not yet seen ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "about things no one had ever seen before" or "about events that had not happened yet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "things no one had ever seen before" +# the world -## the world ## +Here "world" refers to the world's human population. AT: "the people living in the world at that time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -the other people living in the world at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# became an heir of the righteousness + +Noah is spoken of as if he were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. AT: "received from God the righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that is according to faith + +"that God gives to those who have faith in him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/08.md b/heb/11/08.md index 34dd25bd0b..51429f3db4 100644 --- a/heb/11/08.md +++ b/heb/11/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -The writer continues to focus on the faith of past leaders in Israel. +# when he was called -## went out to ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when God called him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"left his home to go to" +# went out to the place -## He went out ## +"left his home to go to the place" + +# that he was to receive as an inheritance + +The land that God promised to give Abraham's descendants is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Abraham was to receive. AT: "that God would give him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He went out "He left his home" -## the land of promise ## +# he lived in the land of promise as a foreigner -"the land God had promised to him" +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "promise" is expressed as the verb "promised." AT: "he lived as a foreigner in the land God had promised to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## fellow heirs ## +# fellow heirs -"heirs together" +"heirs together." This speaks about Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as if they were heirs that would receive an inheritance from their father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## architect ## +# the city with foundations -a person who designs buildings \ No newline at end of file +"the city that has foundations." Having foundations indicates that the city is permanent. AT: "the eternal city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whose architect and builder is God + +"which is designed and built by God" or "which God would design and build" + +# architect + +a person who designs buildings and cities \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/11.md b/heb/11/11.md index 7cf1402d00..bacf83b6cd 100644 --- a/heb/11/11.md +++ b/heb/11/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -The author continues to write about Abraham's faith. +# It was by faith -## power to conceive ## +The abstract noun "faith" can be expressed with the verb "believe." Possible meanings are 1) it was by Abraham's faith. AT: "It was because Abraham believed God" or 2) it was by Sarah's faith. AT: "It was because Sarah believed God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"the ability to become pregnant" +# received ability to father a child -## considered God as ## +"received ability to become a father" or "received ability to have a child" -"believed God to be" +# since he considered as faithful the one who had given the promise -## countless descendants... many as the stars in the sky and the innumerable grains of sand on the seashore ## +"because he believed God, who had give the promise, to be faithful" -very many (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +# almost dead + +"too old to have children" or "very old" + +# descendants as many as the stars in the sky and as countless as sand by the seashore + +This simile means Abraham had very many descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# as countless as sand by the seashore + +This means that just as there are so many grains of sand on the seashore that no one can count them all, Abraham had so many descendants that no one can count them all. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/13.md b/heb/11/13.md index 5954726d16..a3c3cb1550 100644 --- a/heb/11/13.md +++ b/heb/11/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -The past leaders of the people of God had faith that what God has promised would come true. +# without receiving the promises -## having seen and welcomed them from far off ## +This speaks of promises as if they are objects that a person receives. AT: "without receiving what God had promised them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This phrase is comparing the prophet's understanding of future events to welcoming a traveler arriving from far away. AT: "having understood what God will do in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# after seeing and greeting them from far off -## admitted ## +Future promised events are spoken of as if they were travelers arriving from far away. AT: "after learning what God will do in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"acknowledged" or "accepted" +# they admitted -## aliens ## +"they acknowledged" or "they accepted" -"foreigners" or "outsiders" +# they were foreigners and exiles on earth -## a homeland ## +Here "foreigners" and "exiles" mean basically the same thing. This emphasizes that this earth was not their true home. They were waiting for their true home that God would make for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -"a country" \ No newline at end of file +# a homeland + +"a country for them to belong to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/15.md b/heb/11/15.md index ebc1b296d5..a3c06b66c0 100644 --- a/heb/11/15.md +++ b/heb/11/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -The writer of Hebrews continues to describe the past leaders of God's people and their faith in God's promises. - -## Indeed ## - -"Actually" or "For sure" or "Pay attention to this:" - -## heavenly one ## +# heavenly one "heavenly country" or "country in heaven" -## God is not ashamed to be called their God ## +# God is not ashamed to be called their God -AT: "God is happy to have them call him their God" or "...to have others say of them that he is...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be expressed in active and positive form. AT: "God is happy to have them call him their God" or "God is proud to have them say that he is their God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/17.md b/heb/11/17.md index e1a060ba3b..94cd07fff3 100644 --- a/heb/11/17.md +++ b/heb/11/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## offered up...offering up ## +# when he was tested -as a gift or sacrifice to God +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when God tested him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## From Isaac will your descendants be called ## +# to whom it had been said -"It is the the descendants of Isaac whom God will consider your descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to whom God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he did receive him back ## +# that your descendants will be named -"Abraham did receive Isaac back" \ No newline at end of file +Here "named" means assigned or designated. This sentence can be stated in active form. AT: "that I will designate your descendants" + +# figuratively speaking + +"in a manner of speaking." This means that what the author says next is not to be understood literally. God did not bring Isaac back from death literally. But because Abraham was about to sacrifice Isaac when God stopped him, it was as if God brought him back from the dead. + +# it was from them + +"it was from the dead ones" + +# he received him back + +"Abraham received Isaac back" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/20.md b/heb/11/20.md index 856fb229c9..39c620d13e 100644 --- a/heb/11/20.md +++ b/heb/11/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -The author of Hebrews has just written about Abraham's test by God to sacrifice his son Isaac. - -## Jacob worshiped ## +# Jacob worshiped "Jacob worshiped God" -## his end ## +# when his end was near -"his death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "his end" is a polite way of referring to death. AT: "when he was about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# spoke of the departure of the children of Israel from Egypt + +"spoke of when the children of Israel would leave Egypt" + +# the children of Israel + +"the Israelites" or "the descendants of Israel" + +# instructed them about his bones + +Joseph died while in Egypt. He wanted his people to take his bones with them when they left Egypt so they could bury his bones in the land that God promised them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/23.md b/heb/11/23.md index 435d542101..05a2cd7076 100644 --- a/heb/11/23.md +++ b/heb/11/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Moses, when he was born, was hidden for three months by his parents ## +# Moses, when he was born, was hidden for three months by his parents -AT: "Moses' parents hid him for three months after he was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses' parents hid him for three months after he was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## grown up ## +# had grown up -"become an adult" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"had become an adult" -## to share mistreatment with God's people ## +# refused to be called -"to be mistreated along with God's people" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "refused to allow people to call him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the disgrace of following Christ ## +# the disgrace of following Christ -"the disrespect people had for him because he did what Christ would want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "disgrace" is express as the verb "disrespect." AT: "the experience of people disrespecting him because he did what Christ would want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## fixing his eyes on his future reward ## +# following Christ -"doing what he knew would earn him a reward in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Obeying Christ is spoken of as if it were following him down a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fixing his eyes on his reward + +Fully concentrating on achieving a goal is spoken of as if a person were staring at an object and refusing to look away. AT: "doing what he knew would earn him a reward in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/27.md b/heb/11/27.md index 97a9d2f0ed..0f94a5019f 100644 --- a/heb/11/27.md +++ b/heb/11/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## He did not...for he endured...he observed ## +# he endured as if he were seeing the one who is invisible -Moses +Moses is spoken of as if he saw God, who is invisible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## by looking to the one who is invisible ## +# the one who is invisible -"by relying on God for support" +"the one no one can see" -## is invisible ## +# he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of the blood -"cannot be seen" \ No newline at end of file +This was the first Passover. Moses kept it by obeying God's commands concerning the Passover and by commanding the people to obey them every year. AT: "he commanded the people to obey God's commands concerning the Passover and to sprinkle blood on their doors" or "he established the Passover and the sprinkling of blood" + +# the sprinkling of the blood + +This refers to God's command to the Israelites to kill a lamb and spread its blood on the doorposts of every house where Israelites lived. This would prevent the destroyer from harming their firstborn sons. This was one of the Passover commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# should not touch + +Here "touch" refers to harming or to killing someone. AT: "would not harm" or "would not kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/29.md b/heb/11/29.md index 87a16e5aa5..05417a67c3 100644 --- a/heb/11/29.md +++ b/heb/11/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## they passed ## +# General Information: -the Israelites passed +Here the first word "they" refers to the Israelites, the second "they" refers to the Egyptians, the third "they" refers to the walls of Jericho. -## they were swallowed up ## +# they passed through the Sea of Reeds -AT: "the water swallowed them" or "they drowned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"the Israelites passed through the Sea of Reeds" -## they had been circled around for seven days ## +# they were swallowed up -AT: "the Israelites marched around them for seven days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the water swallowed up the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## had received the spies in safety ## +# they were swallowed up -AT: "hid the spies to keep them safe" \ No newline at end of file +The water is spoken of as if it were an animal. AT: "the Egyptians drowned in the water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# they had been circled around for seven days + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Israelites had marched around them for seven days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# seven days + +"7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# had received the spies in peace + +"had peacefully received the spies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/32.md b/heb/11/32.md index 7fb9f53e43..847db3b872 100644 --- a/heb/11/32.md +++ b/heb/11/32.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -The writer continues to speak of what God has done for the ancestors of the people of Israel. +# Connecting Statement: -## And what more can I say? ## +The writer continues to speak of what God did for the ancestors of the people of Israel. -AT: "And there are many more examples." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# What more can I say? -## the time will fail me ## +The author uses a question to emphasize that there are many examples that he could have quoted. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "And there are many more examples." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "I will not have enough time" +# the time will fail me -## conquered ## +"I will not have enough time" -"defeated" +# Barak -## stopped lions' mouths...quenched the power of fire...escaped the edge of the sword ## +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -ways the people of Israel were saved from death. AT: "lions did not eat them...fire did not burn them...the sword did not kill them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# It was through faith that they -## were healed ## +Here "they" does not mean that each person listed in 11:32 did all the things the author is about to mention. The author means in general these are the kinds of things that those with faith were able to do. AT: "It was through faith that men like these" -AT: "God healed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# they conquered kingdoms + +Here "kingdoms" refers to the people who lived there. AT: "they defeated the people of foreign kingdoms" + +# They stopped the mouths of lions, extinguished the power of fire, escaped the edge of the sword + +These are some of the ways God saved believers from death. AT: "Lions did not eat them, fire did not burn them, their enemies did not kill them. They" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# were healed of illnesses + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "received healing from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# became mighty in battle, and defeated + +"and they became mighty in battle and defeated" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/35.md b/heb/11/35.md index ea0b9ed7ec..5174916152 100644 --- a/heb/11/35.md +++ b/heb/11/35.md @@ -1,29 +1,43 @@ -The author has just written about the faith of leaders of God's people in Israel. +# Women received back their dead by resurrection -## Women received back their dead by resurrection ## +This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "resurrection." The word "dead" is a nominal adjective. It can be stated as a verb. AT: "Women received back alive those who had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -"Women received back people who had died when God resurrected them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Others were tortured, not accepting release -## Others were tortured...Others suffered mocking and whippings...They were stoned...They were sawn...They were slain ## +It is implied that their enemies would have released them from prison under certain conditions. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Others accepted torture rather than release from prison" or "Others allowed their enemies to torture them rather than doing what their enemies required of them in order to release them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "People tortured others"..."Others suffered when people mocked and whipped them"..."People threw stones at them"..."People sawed them"..."People killed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# tortured -## tortured ## +made to suffer great mental or physical pain -made to suffer great pain +# a better resurrection -## not accepting their release ## +Possible meanings are 1) these people will experience a better life in heaven than what they experienced in this world or 2) these people will have a better resurrection than those who did not have faith. Those with faith will live forever with God. Those without faith will live forever separated from God. -AT: "refusing to deny Christ so people would release them from prison" +# Others had testing in mocking and whippings ... They were stoned. They were sawn in two. They were killed with the sword -## even chains and imprisonment ## +These can be stated in active form. AT: "People mocked and whipped others ... People threw stones at others. People sawed others in two. People killed others with the sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"people even put chains on them and placed them in prison" +# Others had testing in mocking and whippings, and even chains and imprisonment -## went about ## +This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns are expressed as verbs. AT: "God tested others by allowing their enemies to mock and whip them and even put them in chains and imprison them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# went about "went from place to place" or "lived all the time" -## destitute ## +# in sheepskins and goatskins -"needy" or "without anything" or "poor" \ No newline at end of file +"wearing only the skins of sheep and goats" + +# They were destitute + +"They had nothing" or "They were very poor" + +# The world was not worthy + +Here "world" refers to the people. AT: "The people of this world were not worthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# caves, and in the holes in the ground + +"and caves, and some lived in holes in the ground" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/39.md b/heb/11/39.md index f93353f6c4..de8ec38479 100644 --- a/heb/11/39.md +++ b/heb/11/39.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -The author of Hebrews has just written about many tortured believers. +# Although all these people were approved by God because of their faith, they did not receive the promise -## Although all these people were approved by God because of their faith, they did not receive what he promised ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God honored all these because of their faith, but they did not themselves receive what God had promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "God honored all these because of their faith, but they did not themselves receive what God had promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the promise + +This expression stands for "what God had promised them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that without us, they would not be made perfect + +This can be stated in positive and active form. AT: "in order that God would perfect us and them together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/11/intro.md b/heb/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7d2e139066 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Hebrews 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Many people refer to this chapter as the "Hall of Fame of Faith." This is because it chronicles the people in history with the greatest faith in God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +Having contrasted Christianity with Judaism, the author now begins to show the continuity between the two. In both the old and new covenants, God required faith. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Faith ##### +This chapter gives a definition of the biblical concept of faith. The translator's language may not have a word that directly corresponds to this definition. It is common for a language to lack a word that directly corresponds to a biblical word or concept. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/01.md b/heb/12/01.md index 2feb8862e1..43d434f033 100644 --- a/heb/12/01.md +++ b/heb/12/01.md @@ -1,37 +1,55 @@ -Followers of Jesus are compared to runners in a race. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Connecting Statement: -## we...us ## +Because of this great number of Old Testament believers, the author talks of the life of faith that believers should live with Jesus as their example. -the author and the readers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +# General Information: -## we are surrounded by such a large crowd of witnesses ## +The words "we" and "us" refer to the author and his readers. The word "you" is plural and here refers to the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "such a large crowd of witnesses surrounds us" or "such a large crowd of witnesses acts as an example for us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# we are surrounded by such a large cloud of witnesses -## witnesses ## +The writer speaks about the Old Testament believers as if they were a cloud that surrounded the present-day believers. This can be stated in active form. AT: "such a large cloud of witnesses surrounds us" or "there are so many examples of faithful people about whom we learn in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -those Old Testament believers who watch the "race" +# witnesses -## everything that weighs us down ## +Here "witnesses" refers to the Old Testament believers in chapter 11 who lived before the race of faith that believers now run. -Attitudes or habits that keep us from trusting and obeying God are like heavy clothes or loads that would make it difficult to run. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# let us lay aside every weight and easily entangling sin -## entangles ## +Here "weight" and "easily entangling sin" are spoken of as if a person could take them off himself and put them down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"makes running difficult" or "makes obeying God difficult" +# every weight -## fix...eyes on ## +Attitudes or habits that keep believers from trusting and obeying God are spoken of as if they were loads that would make it difficult for a person to carry while running. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"look straight at" or "think only about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# easily entangling sin -## author and perfecter ## +Sin is spoken of as if it were a net or something else that can trip people up and make them fall. AT: "sin that makes obeying God difficult" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "creator and finisher" +# Let us patiently run the race that is placed before us -## weary ## +Following Jesus is spoken of as if it were running a race. AT: "Let us continue obeying what God has commanded us, just like a runner keeps going until the race is over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -like someone who has run for a long time +# the founder and perfecter of the faith -## fainthearted ## +Jesus gives us faith and makes our faith perfect by causing us to reach our goal. AT: "creator and finisher of our faith" or "the one who enables us to have faith from beginning to end" -like someone who no longer wants to keep running \ No newline at end of file +# For the joy that was placed before him + +The joy that Jesus would experience is spoken of as if God the Father had placed it before him as a goal to reach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# despised its shame + +This means he was not concerned about the shame of dying on a cross. + +# sat down at the right hand + +Here "right hand" refers to a place of honor. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "he sat down in the place of honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of the throne of God + +Here "throne" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "of God who is king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# weary in your hearts + +Here "hearts" represents a person's thoughts and emotions. AT: "discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/04.md b/heb/12/04.md index 07f0360819..56915a7419 100644 --- a/heb/12/04.md +++ b/heb/12/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + The author of Hebrews has been comparing the Christian life to a race. -## not yet resisted or struggled against sin to the point of losing blood ## +# You have not yet resisted or struggled against sin -This emphasizes that others have suffered far more than the readers have. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Here "sin" is spoken of as if it were a person whom someone fights in a battle. AT: "You have not yet had to endure attacks of sinners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## resisted...to...blood ## +# to the point of blood -"resisted...to...death." The person does what is right even if he is killed because of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Resisting opposition so much that one dies for it is spoken of as if one reached a certain place where he would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the encouragement that instructs you ## +# of blood -the writings of Solomon in the Old Testament, which help a person understand how to be encouraged during times of discipline by the Lord (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here "blood" refers to death. AT: "of death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## do not lightly regard the discipline ## +# the encouragement that instructs you -This emphasizes that the readers are to take the discipline seriously. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Old Testament scripture is spoken of as if it were a person who could encourage others. AT: "what God has instructed you in the scriptures to encourage you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the discipline of the Lord ## +# as sons ... My son ... every son -"when the Lord disciplines you" +These refer to everyone who belongs to God whether male or female. AT: "as children ... My child ... every child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## lose heart ## +# My son ... corrected by him -AT: "become discouraged" \ No newline at end of file +Here the author is quoting from the book of Proverbs in the Old Testament. + +# do not think lightly of the Lord's discipline, nor grow weary + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "take it very seriously when the Lord disciplines you, and do not grow weary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# nor grow weary + +"and do not become discouraged" + +# you are corrected by him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he corrects you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every son whom he receives + +"everyone whom he accepts as his child" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/07.md b/heb/12/07.md index 7d703ee07b..b92de99f33 100644 --- a/heb/12/07.md +++ b/heb/12/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Endure trials as discipline ## +# Endure suffering as discipline -think of hard times as though they were times of discipline. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"Understand that during suffering God teaches us discipline" -## what son is there whom his father does not discipline? ## +# God deals with you as with sons -AT: "every father disciplines his children" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This compares God disciplining his people to a father disciplining his sons. You can state clearly the understood information. AT: "God deals with you the same way a father deals with his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## illegitimate children ## +# sons ... son -children born to a man and woman who are not married to each other \ No newline at end of file +All occurrences of these words may be stated to include males and females. AT: "children ... child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# what son is there whom his father does not discipline? + +The author makes the point throught this question that every good father disciplines his children. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "every father disciplines his children!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But if you are without discipline, which all people share in + +You can restate the abstract noun "discipline" as the verb "disciplining." AT: "So if you have not experienced God disciplining you like he disciplines all his children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# then you are illegitimate and not his sons + +Those whom God does not discipline are spoken of as if they are sons born to a man and a woman who are not married each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/09.md b/heb/12/09.md index 4db0c8509e..4cc57dfe18 100644 --- a/heb/12/09.md +++ b/heb/12/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## the Father of spirits ## +# How much more should we submit to the Father of spirits and live! -God, who has created and given us our spirits and also created all other spirits (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The author uses an exclamation to emphasize that we should obey God the Father. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "Therefore even more so, we should obey the Father of spirits and live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## fruit of righteousness ## +# the Father of spirits -Righteousness grows as a result of discipline like fruit grows on a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This idiom contrasts with "fathers in the flesh." AT: "our spiritual Father" or "our Father in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## trained by it ## +# and live -trained by discipline \ No newline at end of file +"so that we will live" + +# so that we can share in his holiness + +This metaphor speaks of "holiness" as if it were an object that can be shared among people. AT: "so that we may become holy as God is holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# peaceful fruit + +Here "fruit" is a metaphor and is spoken of as if it were a person who was at peace and who brought peace to others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# fruit of righteousness + +Righteousness, the quality of someone who obeys God, is spoken of as if it were fruit growing on a tree. Here the writer is saying that righteousness increases as a result of discipline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who have been trained by it + +"who have been trained by discipline." The discipline or correction done by the Lord is spoken of as if it were the Lord himself. This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God has trained by disciplining them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/12.md b/heb/12/12.md index fad35ab865..7b17b7fa85 100644 --- a/heb/12/12.md +++ b/heb/12/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -The followers of Jesus are like runners in a race ([Hebrews 12:1](./01.md)) who have gotten tired. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# strengthen your hands that hang down and your weak knees. Make straight paths for your feet -## lift up your hands that hang down and make your weak knees strong again ## +Possibly this continues the metaphor about the race in [Hebrews 12:1](./01.md). It is in this way that the author speaks about living as Christians and helping others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -A person who faces challenges in life is like a tired runner whose hands and knees have become weak. AT: "strengthen yourself like a racer strengthens his body when he is determined to finish a race" +# straight paths -## make straight paths for your feet ## +Living so as to honor and please God is spoken of as if it were a straight path to follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Obeying God is like walking on a smooth straight path. AT: "do what God wants you to do" +# what is lame will not be sprained -## whoever is lame ## +In this metaphor of running a race, "lame" represents another person in the race who is hurt and wants to quit. This, in turn, represent the Christians themselves. AT: "whoever is weak and wants to quit will not sprain his ankle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "whoever wants to quit" +# will not be sprained -## be led astray ## +Someone who stops obeying God is spoken of as if he injured his foot or ankle on a path. This can be stated in active form. AT: "will not sprain his ankle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"follow someone down the wrong path." AT: "will not decide to do things that are easy but do not honor God" +# rather be healed -## rather be healed ## - -"instead become strong" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "instead become strong" or "instead God will heal him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/14.md b/heb/12/14.md index 7d2e7ac4eb..147b4feee1 100644 --- a/heb/12/14.md +++ b/heb/12/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## also the holiness ## +# General Information: -AT: "also pursue the holiness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The man Esau, who was told about in the writings of Moses, refers to Isaac's first son and Jacob's brother. -## Be careful...that no one is excluded...that no root of bitterness grows up...that there not be ## +# Pursue peace with everyone -The readers are to "be careful" of three things. AT: "Do not let anyone be excluded...Do not let any root of bitterness grow up...Do not let there be" +Here the abstract noun "peace" is spoken of as if it were something that a person must chase after and can be translated with an adverb. AT: "Try to live peacefully with everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## is excluded from God's grace ## +# also the holiness without which no one will see the Lord -AT: "receives God's grace and then lets go of it" +This can be expressed as a positive encouragement. AT: "also work hard to be holy, because only holy people will see the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## root of bitterness ## +# also the holiness -person who causes others to do evil, like a bitter root put into food (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +You can state clearly the understood information. AT: "also pursue the holiness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Be careful...as Esau ## +# no one lacks God's grace -AT: "Be careful...as Esau among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"no one receives God's grace and then lets go of it" or "no one rejects God's grace after first trusting in him" -## sought it earnestly with tears ## +# that no root of bitterness grows up to cause trouble, so that many do not become polluted by it -"asked for it sincerely while crying" \ No newline at end of file +Hateful or resentful attitudes are spoken of as if they were a plant bitter to the taste. AT: "that no one becomes like a bitter root, which when it grows causes trouble and harms many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he was rejected + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his father, Isaac, refused to bless him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because he found no opportunity for repentance + +The abstract noun "repentance" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "because it was not possible for him to repent" or "because it was not possible for him to change his decision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# even though he sought it with tears + +Here "he" refers to Esau. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/18.md b/heb/12/18.md index 2a282d8c00..063152e8cb 100644 --- a/heb/12/18.md +++ b/heb/12/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## you ## +# Connecting Statement: -the readers +The author gives a contrast between what believers in Moses' time had while living under the law and what present day believers have after coming to Jesus under the new covenant. He illustrates the experience of the Israelites by describing how God appeared to them at Mount Sinai. -## they could not bear what was commanded ## +# General Information: -Accepting God's command is like accepting a weight to carry. AT: "The Israelites could not accept God's command." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "you" and "You" refer to the Hebrew believers to whom the author wrote. The word "they" refers to people of Israel after Moses led them out of Egypt. The first quotation comes from the writings of Moses. God reveals in this passage in Hebrews that Moses said he shook at seeing the mountain. + +# For you have not come to a mountain that can be touched + +The implicit information can be stated explicitly. AT: "For you have not come, as the people of Israel came, to a mountain that can be touched" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# that can be touched + +This means that believers in Christ have not come to a physical mountain like Mount Sinai that a person can touch or see. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that a person can touch" or "that people can perceive with their senses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You have not come to a trumpet blast + +"You have not come to a place where there is the loud sound of a trumpet" + +# nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to them + +Here "voice" refers to someone speaking. The phrase "be spoken" can be stated in active form. AT: "or where God was speaking in such a way that those who heard him begged him not to speak another word to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what was commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what God commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it must be stoned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must stone it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/22.md b/heb/12/22.md index 26c23cedc6..b771522227 100644 --- a/heb/12/22.md +++ b/heb/12/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## you ## +# General Information: -the readers +The man Abel was the son of the first man and woman, Adam and Eve. Cain, also their son, murdered Abel. -## have come to ## +# Mount Zion -"have arrived at" +The writer speaks of Mount Zion, the temple mount in Jerusalem, as if it were heaven itself, the residence of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## ten thousands of angels ## +# tens of thousands of angels -AT: "an uncountable number of angels" +"an uncountable number of angels" -## God the Judge...Jesus, the mediator ## +# the firstborn -Jesus is like a lawyer in a court showing God the judge how his blood has paid for the forgiveness of people's guilt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of believers in Christ as if they were firstborn sons. This emphasizes their special place and privilege as God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the sprinkled blood that speaks better than Abel's blood ## +# registered in heaven -AT: "the sprinkled blood of Jesus that has a better meaning than the blood of Abel, whom Cain murdered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"whose names are written in heaven." This can be stated in active form. AT: "whose names God has written in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the mediator of a new covenant + +This means Jesus caused the new covenant between God and humans to exist. See how you translated this phrase in [Hebrews 9:15](../09/13.md). + +# who have been made perfect + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God has made perfect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the sprinkled blood that speaks better than Abel's blood + +The blood of Jesus and the blood of Abel are spoken of as if they were people calling out. AT: "the sprinkled blood of Jesus that says better things than the blood of Abel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# blood + +Here "blood" stands for Jesus' death, as Abel's blood stands for his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/25.md b/heb/12/25.md index 87609de219..cf1b87375f 100644 --- a/heb/12/25.md +++ b/heb/12/25.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Having contrasted the Israelites' experience at Mount Sinai with the the believers' experience after Christ died, the writer reminds us that we have the same God who warns us today. +# Connecting Statement: -## shook...shake ## +Having contrasted the Israelites' experience at Mount Sinai with the believers' experience after Christ died, the writer reminds believers that they have the same God who warns them today. This is the fifth main warning given to believers. -Use the word for what an earthquake does to move the ground and to destroy buildings. +# General Information: -## you ## +This quotation is from the prophet Haggai in the Old Testament. The word "you" continues to refer to believers. The word "we" continues to refer to the writer and the readers who are believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -the readers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +# you do not refuse the one who is speaking -## if they did not escape ## +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you pay attention to the one who is speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -AT: "if the people of Israel did not escape judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# if they did not escape -## we ## +The implicit information can be stated explicitly. AT: "if the people of Israel did not escape judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -the writer and the readers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +# the one who warned them on earth -## the one who warns...he has promised ## +Possible meanings are 1) "Moses, who warned them here on earth" or 2) "God, who warned them at Mount Sinai" -"God, who warns...God has promised" \ No newline at end of file +# if we turn away from the one who is warning + +Disobeying God is spoken of as if a person were turning and walking away from him. AT: "if we disobey the one who is warning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his voice shook the earth + +"when God spoke, the sound of his voice caused the earth to shake" + +# shook ... shake + +Use the word for what an earthquake does in moving the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/27.md b/heb/12/27.md index f1ef5a6dc5..5103337bd5 100644 --- a/heb/12/27.md +++ b/heb/12/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,39 @@ -## shaken ## +# General Information: -See how you translated "shook" and "shake" in [Hebrews 12:25](./25.md). +Here the quotation from the prophet Haggai is repeated from the previous verse. -## let us be grateful ## +# mean the removal of those things that can be shaken, that is, of the things + +The abstract noun "removal" can be translated with the verb "remove." This can be stated in active form. AT: "mean that God will remove the things that he can shake, that is, the things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# shaken + +Use the word for what an earthquake does in moving the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God. See how you translated "shook" and "shake" in [Hebrews 12:26](./25.md). + +# that have been created + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God has created" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the things that cannot be shaken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things that do not shake" or "the things that cannot shake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# receiving a kingdom + +You can add the words "because we are" to make clear the logical connection between this statement and the next statement. AT: "because we are receiving a kingdom" or "because God is making us members of his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# that cannot be shaken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that does not shake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# let us be grateful "let us give thanks" -## our God is a consuming fire ## +# with reverence and awe -God has the power to destroy whatever goes against his purposes like a fire burns things up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "reverence" and "awe" share similar meanings and emphasize the greatness of reverence due to God. AT: "with great respect and dread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# our God is a consuming fire + +God is spoken of here as if he were a fire that can burn up anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/12/intro.md b/heb/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eed61402ba --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Hebrews 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:5-6, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Discipline ##### +God disciplines his children in the same way parents discipline or correct their children. This imagery is used because discipline is out of love. Different cultures may have different standards of parental discipline, some of which may be unbiblical. God's discipline is the way he uses different circumstances to correct his children and to bring them to repentance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +Many different figures of speech are used. They are usually more common in poetic writings than in narrative, but the author uses them as a way to teach people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/01.md b/heb/13/01.md index e274c409a3..0ff29974d4 100644 --- a/heb/13/01.md +++ b/heb/13/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -The author is writing to Jewish believers. +# Connecting Statement: -## Let brotherly love continue ## +In this closing section, the author gives specific instructions to believers on how they are supposed to live. -AT: "Consistently show your love for other believers as you would for a member of your family" +# Let brotherly love continue -## Do not forget ## +"Continue to show your love for other believers as you would for a member of your family" -AT: "Remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +# Do not forget -## welcome strangers ## +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Be sure to remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -AT: "treat people you do not know as friends" \ No newline at end of file +# hospitality for strangers + +"to welcome and show kindness to strangers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/03.md b/heb/13/03.md index cb5a60c977..005f79214d 100644 --- a/heb/13/03.md +++ b/heb/13/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## as if you were with them...as if your bodies were being mistreated like theirs ## +# as if you were bound with them -Both these phrases encourage believers to think about other people's suffering as they would think about their own suffering. AT: "as if you were in prison with them and being mistreated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as if you were in prison with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## marriage bed ## +# who are mistreated -the sexual relationship between a husband and wife (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom others are mistreating" or "who are suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as if you also were them in the body + +This phrase encourages believers to think about other people's suffering as they would think about their own suffering. AT: "as if you were the one suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let marriage be respected by everyone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Men and women who are married to each other must respect each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let the marriage bed be pure + +This refers to the act of sexual union as if it were only the bed of a married couple. AT: "Let husbands and wives honor their marriage relationship to one another and not sleep with other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/05.md b/heb/13/05.md index 7386322224..ce19ce119b 100644 --- a/heb/13/05.md +++ b/heb/13/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Be content with the things you have ## +# Let your conduct be free from the love of money -"Enjoy what God has given you" \ No newline at end of file +"Do not love money" + +# Be content + +"Be satisfied" + +# The Lord is my helper ... do to me + +This is a quotation from the book of Psalms in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will not be afraid. What can a man do to me? + +The author uses a question to emphasize that he does not fear people because God is helping him. Here "man" means any person in general. AT: "I will not fear what any person can do to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/07.md b/heb/13/07.md index 899e9862eb..501efdf66d 100644 --- a/heb/13/07.md +++ b/heb/13/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## the result of their conduct ## +# the result of their conduct -Possible meanings: 1) "the way they lived" (see UDB) or 2) "the way they lived and died" or "the way they lived their whole lives" still believing in Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +"the outcome of the way they behave" + +# Imitate their faith + +Here the trust in God and the way of life led by these leaders are spoken of as "their faith." AT: "Trust and obey God in the same way they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is the same yesterday, today, and forever + +Here "yesterday" means all times in the past. AT: "is the same in the past, the present, and in the future forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/09.md b/heb/13/09.md index bb3aaae34c..029fd2fc53 100644 --- a/heb/13/09.md +++ b/heb/13/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,43 @@ -## various and strange teachings ## +# General Information: -"teachings that are many and different and not the good news we told you" +This section refers to animal sacrifices made by believers in God in Old Testament times, which covered their sins temporarily until the death of Christ came about. -## it is good that the heart be built up by grace, not by rules about food ## +# Do not be carried away by various strange teachings -AT: "we become stronger when we think of how God has been kind to us, but we do not become stronger by obeying rules about food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Being persuaded by various teachings is spoken of as if a person were being carried away by a force. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not let others persuade you to believe their various strange teachings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## sacrificed for sins ## +# various strange teachings -"sacrificed so that God would forgive sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"many, different teachings that are not the good news we told you" -## outside the camp ## +# it is good that the heart should be strengthened by grace, not by foods that do not help those who walk by them -away from where people live \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we become stronger when we think of how God has been kind to us, but we do not become stronger by obeying rules about food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the heart should be strengthened + +Here "the heart" stands for a person's courage, love, and determination. These things are said to be strengthened as if they were a person's heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# foods + +Here "foods" stands for rules about food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those who walk by them + +Living is spoken of as if it were walking. AT: "those who live by them" or "those who regulate their lives by them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We have an altar + +Here "altar" stands for "place of worship." It also stands for the animals that the priests in the old covenant sacrificed, from which they took meat for themselves and their families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the blood of the animals killed for sins is brought by the high priest into the holy place + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the high priest brings into the holy place the blood of the animals that the priests killed for sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# while their bodies are burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "while the priests burn the animals' bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# outside the camp + +"away from where the people lived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/12.md b/heb/13/12.md index 900b0dce2c..dee1304135 100644 --- a/heb/13/12.md +++ b/heb/13/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -The comparison between Jesus' sacrifice and Temple sacrifices continues here. +# Connecting Statement: -## Therefore ## +There is a comparison here between Jesus' sacrifice and the tabernacle sacrifices of the Old Testament. -"In the same way" (see UDB) or "Because the bodies of the sacrifices were burned outside the camp" ([Hebrews 13:9](./09.md)) +# So -## Let us therefore go ## +"In the same way" or "Because the bodies of the sacrifices were burned outside the camp" ([Hebrews 13:11](./09.md)) -"Because Jesus is outside the city gate" +# outside the city gate -## outside the camp ## +This stands for "outside the city." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -See how you translated this in [Hebrews 13:9](./09.md). \ No newline at end of file +# Let us therefore go to him outside the camp + +Obeying Jesus is spoken of as if a person were leaving the camp to go out where Jesus is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bearing his shame + +Disgrace is spoken of as if it were an object that had to be carried in one's hands or on one's back. AT: "while allowing others to insult us just like people insulted him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# looking for + +"waiting for" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/15.md b/heb/13/15.md index e2b2a978f3..71a40c117f 100644 --- a/heb/13/15.md +++ b/heb/13/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## praise that is the fruit of our lips ## +# sacrifices of praise -This expression means that praise if a valuable product that is produced by our lips, just as fruit is a valuable product is produced by plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Praise is spoken of as if it were a sacrifice of animals or incense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that acknowledge his name ## +# praise that is the fruit of lips that acknowledge his name -AT: "which openly declare we trust in Jesus" \ No newline at end of file +Praise is spoken of as if it were fruit, and "lips" are spoken of as if they were trees bearing that fruit. In addition, "lips" represents people praising the Lord. AT: "praise that is an offering from those who acknowledge his name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# his name + +A person's name represents that person. AT: "him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let us not forget doing good and helping one another + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Let us always remember to do good and help others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# with such sacrifices + +Doing good and helping others is spoken of as if they were sacrifices on an altar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# keep watch over your souls + +The believers' souls, that is, the believers' spiritual well-being, are spoken of as if they were objects or animals that guards could keep watch over. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# not with groaning + +Here "groaning" stands for sadness or grief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/18.md b/heb/13/18.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d3683821f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/13/18.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +The author closes with a blessing and greetings. + +# Pray for us + +Here "us" refers to the author and his companions, but not to the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# we are persuaded that we have a clean conscience + +Here "clean" stands for being free from guilt. AT: "we are certain that we have no guilt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that I will be returned to you sooner + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God will quickly remove the things that stop my coming to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/20.md b/heb/13/20.md index ed40011766..521c1f0b57 100644 --- a/heb/13/20.md +++ b/heb/13/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## by the blood of an eternal covenant ## +# Now -Possible meanings: 1) "God confirmed his eternal covenant with us by the blood" (see UDB) or 2) it was "by the blood of an eternal covenant" that Jesus became "our Lord" or 3) it was "by the blood..." that God "brought back" Jesus "from the dead." +This marks a new section of the letter. Here the author praises God and gives a final prayer for his readers. -## equip you...working in us ## +# brought back from the dead ones the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus -the author and the readers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"raised the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus, to life" + +# the great shepherd of the sheep + +Christ in his role of leader and protector of those who believe in him is spoken of as if he were a shepherd of sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# by the blood of the eternal covenant + +Here "blood" stands for the death of Jesus, which is the basis for the covenant that will last forever between God and all believers in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# equip you with everything good to do his will + +"give you every good thing you need in order to do his will "make you capable of doing every good thing according to his will" + +# working in us + +The word "us" refers to the author and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# to whom be the glory forever + +"whom all people will praise forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/22.md b/heb/13/22.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dea4c79848 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/13/22.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Now + +This marks a new section of the letter. Here the author gives his final comments to his audience. + +# brothers + +This refers to all the believers to whom he is writing whether male or female. AT: "fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# bear with the word of encouragement + +"patiently consider what I have just written to encourage you" + +# the word of encouragement + +Here "word" stands for a message. AT: "the encouraging message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has been set free + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "is no longer in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/24.md b/heb/13/24.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f541830937 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/13/24.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Those from Italy greet you + +Possible meanings are 1) the author is not in Italy, but there is a group of believers with him who have come from Italy or 2) the author is in Italy while writing this letter. + +# Italy + +This is the name of a region at that time. Rome was the then-capital city of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/13/intro.md b/heb/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9ea37c6bf2 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Hebrews 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues a series of exhortations to Christians that began in chapter 12. These commands are not always connected to each other, so the translator should not feel obliged to make smooth transitions between subjects. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 13:6, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Welcome angels" ##### +The exact meaning of this phrase is unknown. It is possibly a reference to Abraham entertaining angels (Genesis 18). The Greek word for "angels" can also be translated as "messengers." This would give the phrase the meaning that any stranger may be a messenger or servant of God, so hospitality should be shown to them. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hebrews 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/front/intro.md b/heb/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ae369910f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/heb/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +# Introduction to Hebrews # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Hebrews #### + +1. Jesus is superior to God's prophets and angels (1:1-4:13) +1. Jesus is superior to the priests who serve in the temple in Jerusalem (4:14-7:28) +1. Jesus' ministry is superior to the old covenant that God made with his people (8:1-10:39) +1. What faith is like (11:1-40) +1. Encouragement to be faithful to God (12:1-29) +1. Concluding encouragements and greetings (13:1-25) + +#### What is the Book of Hebrews about? #### + +In the Book of Hebrews, the author wanted to show that Jesus fulfilled several Old Testament prophecies. Jesus' role as the perfect High Priest is explained; the author did this in order to encourage the Jewish Christians and to explain that Jesus is better than anything that the old covenant had to offer. Hebrews shows how Jesus completed the law of Moses, so that animal sacrifices would from then on be useless. Jesus was the sacrifice for all sins, once and for all time. He is therefore the one to truly trust for access to God the Father. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Hebrews." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The Letter to the Hebrews" or "A Letter to the Jewish Christians." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Hebrews? #### + +No one knows who wrote Hebrews, but scholars have made suggestions such as the apostle Paul, Luke, or Barnabas. The date of writing is also not known, but most believe it was written not more than seventy years after the birth of Christ. Jerusalem was destroyed in A.D. 70, but the writer of this letter talks about Jerusalem as if it had not yet been destroyed. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Can readers understand this book without knowing about the sacrifices and the work of the priests required in the Old Testament? #### + +It would be very difficult for readers to understand this book without understanding these matters. Translators might consider giving some explanations to this effect in notes or in an introduction to this book. + +#### How is the idea of blood used in the Book of Hebrews? #### + +Beginning in [Hebrews 9:7](../09/06.md), the idea of blood is often used as metonymy to stand for the death of any animal that was sacrificed to meet the requirements of God's covenant with Israel. The author also uses blood to stand for the death of Jesus Christ, who became the perfect sacrifice for the entire world's sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +Beginning in [Hebrews 9:19](../09/06.md), the author uses the idea of sprinkling as a symaction. It was by sprinkling blood that the priests applied the benefit of the animals' death to the Israelites and to objects that had to be made acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in Hebrews ULB? #### + +The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, Hebrews ULB uses the following principles: +* Sometimes the context mainly indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULB uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 6:10; 13:24) +* Sometimes the context mainly implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULB uses "set apart," "dedicated to," or "reserved for." (See: 2:11: 9:13; 10:10, 14, 29; 13:12) + +As translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions, they will often be helped by the choices made in the ULB. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Hebrews? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of Hebrews: + +* "and you have put him over the works of your hands." (2:7) The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions do not have this reading. Some older versions do. +* "those who did not unite in faith with those who obeyed" (4:2). The ULB, UDB, and some other versions have this reading. Other versions read, "those who heard it without joining faith to it." If there are other versions in the region, translators might consider following their reading. +* "Christ came as a high priest of the good things that have come." (9:11) The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions have this reading. Some other versions have, "Christ came as a high priest of the good things that are to come." If there are other versions in the region, translators might consider following their reading. +* "on those who were prisoners" (10:34). The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions read, "of me in my chains." +* "They were stoned. They were sawn in two. They were killed with the sword." (11:37) The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions have, "They were stoned. They were sawn in two. They were tempted. They were killed with the sword." +* "If even an animal touches the mountain, it must be stoned." (12:20) The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions have, "If even an animal touches the mountain, it must be stoned or shot with an arrow." + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/01/01.md b/hos/01/01.md index c262d215ff..2aa54a1261 100644 --- a/hos/01/01.md +++ b/hos/01/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Beeri ## +# the word of Yahweh that came -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "the word that Yahweh God spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, Jeroboam ## +# Beeri -Naming these kings of Judah allows the reader to know the years that this book covers. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Uzziah ... Jotham ... Ahaz ... Hezekiah ... Jeroboam ... Joash + +The events in this book happened during the time of these kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# great prostitution + +Here "prostitution" represents the people being unfaithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/01/03.md b/hos/01/03.md index 922c58fb09..b71ba6ec84 100644 --- a/hos/01/03.md +++ b/hos/01/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Gomer ## +# Gomer ... Diblaim -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the bow of Israel ## +# the house of Jehu -Here "bow" refers to the power of the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "house" means "family," including Jehu's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Israel + +This expression refers to kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the bow of Israel + +Here "bow" refers to the power of the army. AT: "the military power of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/01/06.md b/hos/01/06.md index 8c4882d43d..1768348eae 100644 --- a/hos/01/06.md +++ b/hos/01/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Lo Ruhamah ## +# Lo-Ruhamah -This name means "Unloved," "Unpitied," or "No Mercy" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This name means "no mercy." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. AT: "No Mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/01/08.md b/hos/01/08.md index dc71772221..d69da5d822 100644 --- a/hos/01/08.md +++ b/hos/01/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Lo Ruhamah ## +# Lo-Ruhamah -See how you translated this in [Hosea 1:6](./06.md). +This name means "no mercy." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. See how you translated this in [Hosea 1:6](./06.md). AT: "No Mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Lo Ammi ## +# Lo-Ammi -This name means "Not My People." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This name means "not my people." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. AT: "Not My People" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/01/10.md b/hos/01/10.md index 621536e463..33e1fedb19 100644 --- a/hos/01/10.md +++ b/hos/01/10.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -God is speaking to Hosea. +# General Information: -## like the sand of the seashore ## +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. + +# like the sand of the seashore This emphasizes the great number of Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## which cannot be measured or counted ## +# which cannot be measured or counted -AT: "which no one can measure or count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which no one can measure or count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## It will be that where it was said to them ## +# It will be that where it was said to them -AT: "Where God said to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Where God said to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## it will be said to them ## +# where it was said to them -AT: "God will say to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This expression probably refers to Jezreel, the city where crimes had been committed by kings of Israel, and which was a symbol of God's punishment of them. -## will be gathered together ## +# it will be said to them -AT: "God will gather them together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will say to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## go up from the land ## +# will be gathered together -This refers to the land where the people of Israel were in captivity. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will gather them together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the day of Jezreel ## +# go up from the land -This refers to the time when God will put his people back in the land of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +This expression might refer to the land where the people of Israel were in captivity. + +# the day of Jezreel + +This refers to the time when God will put his people back in the land of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/01/intro.md b/hos/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c71d1793d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Hosea 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:2-11, which are a series of quotations. Hosea 1-2 is a single series forming one narrative. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Hosea's marriage ##### +God does not approve of prostitution, but he told Hosea to marry a prostitute so that the message of Israel's unfaithfulness would be shown to the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]]) + +Hosea's marriage to Gomer is a metaphor for the kingdom of Israel's relationship to Yahweh. Israel was unfaithful to Yahweh and broke the covenant with him. Gomer was a woman who was unfaithful to her husband and broke her marriage agreement with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +Hosea 1-4 is controlled by a metaphor that Hosea lived out. He was personifying the relationship between Israel and Yahweh. Hosea played the part of Yahweh, and Gomer played the part of Israel. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Hosea intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/01.md b/hos/02/01.md index 0192ae3a5f..79c4144acc 100644 --- a/hos/02/01.md +++ b/hos/02/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -God is speaking to Hosea. +# Connecting Statement: -## You have been shown compassion ## +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. -AT: "God showed you compassion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# My people! -## compassion ## +This exclamation may be presented as a statement. AT: "You are my people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# You have been shown compassion + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has shown you compassion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# compassion "kindness" or "mercy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/02.md b/hos/02/02.md index 3775594c60..24f4fb5b3d 100644 --- a/hos/02/02.md +++ b/hos/02/02.md @@ -1,37 +1,39 @@ -God is speaking to Hosea. +# General Information: -## lawsuit ## +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. -a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law +# lawsuit -## your mother ## +This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. -This refers to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# your mother -## for she is not my wife ## +Here "mother" refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Yahweh is stating that Israel (she) is no longer acting like a wife to Yahweh. Instead Israel has turned away from following and worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# for she is not my wife -## and neither am I her husband ## +Yahweh is stating that Israel, spoken of here as a woman, is no longer acting like a wife to Yahweh. Instead Israel has turned away from following and worshiping him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# neither am I her husband Yahweh can no longer be in relationship with the nation of Israel as a husband would be to his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and her acts of adultery ## +# her acts of adultery -A wife who is adulterous leaves her husband to have a sexual relationship with another man. This shows how Israel was acting with Yahweh. +A wife who is adulterous leaves her husband to sleep with another man. This is how Israel was acting toward Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## from between her breasts ## +# from between her breasts -This imagery shows that Israel is relying on the idols and not Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This imagery suggests that Israel is relying on the idols and not Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will strip her naked and show her nakedness as on the day that she was born ## +# I will strip her naked and show her nakedness as on the day that she was born -Israel has turned away from Yahweh, they will no longer have Yahweh's protection around them and his provision for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh will no longer protect and provide for Israel because the nation has turned away from him. In Israel, husbands were obliged by law to provide clothes for their wives. Not to do so was a sign that a man was rejecting his wife. The full meaning of this may be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I will make her like the wilderness ## +# I will make her like the wilderness -Yahweh will change Israel to resemble the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh will change Israel to resemble the wilderness, which is a region that is bare and unproductive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## and I will make her die from thirst ## +# I will make her die from thirst Here "thirst" refers to the need to worship and rely on Yahweh, not idols, or Israel will not be able to survive as a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/04.md b/hos/02/04.md index 5212743229..b89666e316 100644 --- a/hos/02/04.md +++ b/hos/02/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -God is speaking to Hosea. +# General Information: -## for they are children of prostitution ## +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. -The Israelites are acting like they do not belong to Yahweh. They are acting like they are children of an idol who is not a real god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# for they are children of prostitution -## For their mother has been a prostitute ## +The Israelites are acting like they do not belong to Yahweh. Just as their parents did not worship God, Neither do they. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The idols that Israel has been worshiping are not real gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# For their mother has been a prostitute -## I will go after my lovers, for they give me my bread and water, my wool and flax, my oil and drink ## +The previous generation who sought out other gods were considered prostitutes for they were unfaithful to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Here "my lovers" refers to Baal and other false gods, whom Israel has chosen to worship instead of Yahweh. The list of things are essential items for the people to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I will go after my lovers, for they give me my bread and water, my wool and flax, my oil and drink + +Here "my lovers" refers to Baal and other false gods, whom Israel has chosen to worship instead of Yahweh. The list of things are essential items that allow the people to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/06.md b/hos/02/06.md index 49c6c768e5..b88c257662 100644 --- a/hos/02/06.md +++ b/hos/02/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -God is talking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel. +# General Information: -## Therefore I will build up a hedge to block her way with thorns. I will build up a wall against her so she cannot find her way ## +Yahweh is talking to Hosea. -The second sentence further explains the first sentence. It gives the reason why Yahweh is doing this to Israel. This is a picture of what Yahweh will do to Israel when she continues to worship idols. The "hedge of thorns" and the "wall" represent Yahweh and how he prevents the Israelites from totally going their own "way," and instead tries to redirect Israel back to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# Therefore I will build up a hedge to block her way with thorns. I will build up a wall against her so she cannot find her way -## Then she will say, "I will return to my first husband, for it was better for me then than it is now" ## +This passage indicates that Yahweh will prevent his people from finding success and prosperity, becuase they continue to worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Then she will say, "I will return to my first husband, for it was better for me then than it is now." Israel will return to Yahweh not because of their love for him, but because they are disappointed by their worship of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/08.md b/hos/02/08.md index 37ff950fd8..ae22c69e02 100644 --- a/hos/02/08.md +++ b/hos/02/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -God is speaking to Hosea. +# General Information: -## I will take back my wool and flax that were used to cover her nakedness ## +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. -This means that Israel's harvests will fail. Yahweh will remove his blessings from Israel and they will again be naked. See how you translated "nakedness" in [Hosea 2:2](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I will take back my wool and flax that were used to cover her nakedness + +This probably means that Israel's harvests and flocks will fail. Yahweh will remove his blessings from Israel, and the people will be left alone and in danger of attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# were used to cover her nakedness + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the people used to clothe themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/10.md b/hos/02/10.md index 82cc7d6b9a..1ebfca6a35 100644 --- a/hos/02/10.md +++ b/hos/02/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -God is speaking to Hosea. +# General Information: -## Then I will strip her naked in the sight of her lovers ## +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. -God will treat Israel in a very humiliating way. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Then I will strip her naked in the sight of her lovers -## no one will rescue her out of my hand ## +This means God will humiliate the people of Israel in front of the other nations nearby. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:3](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -No one will try to help Israel. God's hand here is referring to his protection of the people of Israel. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +# no one will rescue her out of my hand + +No one will try to help Israel. Here "hand" refers to God's power to punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/12.md b/hos/02/12.md index f6d12742d2..e219fc5714 100644 --- a/hos/02/12.md +++ b/hos/02/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -God is speaking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel. +# General Information: -## These are my wages that my lovers gave me ## +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel. -payment (wages) that came from her "lovers" - false gods or Baals. These are the words Yahweh is reporting that Israel said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +# These are the wages that my lovers gave me -## make them a forest ## +This refers to payment that Israel received from the false gods or Baals. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "that these were the wages that her lovers had given to her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -destroy the vineyards and fruit trees by allowing other trees and weeds to grow up among them so that only wild animals will be able to get in and reap the harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# make them a forest + +Yahweh will destroy the vineyards and fruit trees by allowing other trees and weeds to grow among them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/14.md b/hos/02/14.md index 5b1087e269..8b219ecff0 100644 --- a/hos/02/14.md +++ b/hos/02/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh is speaking about Israel. -## So I am going to win her back ## +# So I am going to win her back -AT: "I, Yahweh, will bring her back to me" +"I, Yahweh, will bring her back to me" -## and the Valley of Achor as a door of hope ## +# the Valley of Achor as a door of hope -Yahweh is waiting for his people to confess their sin of idolatry and follow him. This is Yahweh's hope for his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +As Yahweh lead Israel out of Egypt, he will lead Israel to the Valley of Achor so that Israel will hope again in Yahweh. -## She will answer me there as she did in the days of her youth, as in the days that she came out of the land of Egypt ## +# She will answer me there as she did in the days of her youth, as in the days that she came out of the land of Egypt -Yahweh hopes that the nation of Israel will repent and again choose to worship him as their God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh hopes that the nation of Israel will repent and again choose to worship him as their God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# She will answer + +Some modern versions understand the Hebrew word to mean "She will sing." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/16.md b/hos/02/16.md index 401eb4c334..0695a5f6c0 100644 --- a/hos/02/16.md +++ b/hos/02/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## It will be in that day ## +# It will be in that day This refers to the day when Israel chooses to worship only Yahweh. -## My husband ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -Israel will choose a "husband/wife" relationship with Yahweh, one based on love and worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:13](./12.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## My Baal ## +# My husband -"Baal" means "master" and also refers to the name of a Canaanite deity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This means the people of Israel will love and be faithful to Yahweh just as a wife is to a husband. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For I will remove the names of the Baals from her mouth ## +# My Baal -Baal and the idols will never be mentioned again by the Israelites if they continue to worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Baal" means "master" and also refers to the false god that the Canaanites worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For I will remove the names of the Baals from her mouth + +The Israelites will not speak the names of Baal and the idols again. The people are represented by their mouths. AT: "For I will cause you to not speak the names of the Baals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/18.md b/hos/02/18.md index eb9af9a4ac..2bf7898343 100644 --- a/hos/02/18.md +++ b/hos/02/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -God is speaking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel. +# Connecting Statement: -## On that day ## +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel. -This phrase is used to talk about a future judgment and restoration. +# On that day -## will I make a covenant for them ## +This phrase is used to talk about a future restoration between Israel and Yahweh. -The objects of this covenant are the animal kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# I will make a covenant for them -## I will drive away the bow, the sword, and the battle from the land, and I will make you lie down in safety ## +Yahweh's new covenant will include peace for the animals. -Yahweh will keep Israel's enemies away from them; there will be no more war; the people will live in safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I will drive away the bow, the sword, and the battle from the land, and I will make you lie down in safety + +Yahweh will keep Israel's enemies away from them, there will be no more war, the people will be safe. Here "the bow, the sword, and the battle" represent war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lie down in safety + +This expression refers to living in safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/19.md b/hos/02/19.md index 0ee3c1a90d..89bf6c43e1 100644 --- a/hos/02/19.md +++ b/hos/02/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -God is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. +# General Information: -## I will promise to be your husband forever ## +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. + +# I will promise to be your husband forever Yahweh will be like the husband, and Israel will be like Yahweh's wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will promise to be your husband in faithfulness ## +# in righteousness, justice, covenant faithfulness, and mercy -Yahweh will be faithful to his covenant with Israel; because of this, Israel will hopefully remain faithful to Yahweh. +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns. AT: "and do what is right, just, faithful, and merciful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## And you will know me, Yahweh ## +# you will know Yahweh -Here "know" means to recognize Yahweh as their God. \ No newline at end of file +Here "know" means to acknowledge Yahweh as their God and to be faithful to him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/21.md b/hos/02/21.md index ff0de99ee7..4b924fd464 100644 --- a/hos/02/21.md +++ b/hos/02/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -God is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. +# General Information: -## And on that day ## +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. -This phrase is used to refer to the future day of judgment and restoration. +# this is Yahweh's declaration -## The earth will answer the grain, the new wine and the oil, and they will answer Jezreel ## +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:13](./12.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -This means that Yahweh will respond to the needs of Israel, referred to as Jezreel here, through the provision of grain, wine, and olive oil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +# The earth will answer the grain, the new wine and the oil, and they will answer Jezreel + +The land will meet the need for grain, new wine, and olive oil. These things will also meet the needs of Jezreel. The land and these products are spoken of as if they were people who could meet the needs of others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Jezreel + +Here the name of this valley stands for all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/23.md b/hos/02/23.md index 91f2eda6bd..6646662501 100644 --- a/hos/02/23.md +++ b/hos/02/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -God is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. +# General Information: -## I will plant her for myself in the land ## +Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. -AT: "I will take care of the Israelite people as a farmer plants his own land and takes care of his crops" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# I will plant her for myself in the land -## Lo Ruhamah ## +When God makes his people safe and prosperous in their land again, they are spoken of if they were agricultural crops. AT: "I will take care of the Israelite people as a farmer plants his crops and takes care of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This name means 'not loved,' 'not having obtained mercy,' 'without compassion.' +# Lo-Ruhamah -## Lo Ammi ## +This name means "no mercy." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. See how you translated this in [Hosea 1:6](../01/06.md). AT: "No Mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This is the name for those people who are not Yahweh's people. +# Lo-Ammi -## Ammi Attah ## +This name means "not my people." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. See how you translated this in [Hosea 1:9](../01/08.md). AT: "Not My People" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This name means 'my people.' \ No newline at end of file +# Ammi Attah + +This name means "you are my people." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. AT: "You Are My People" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/02/intro.md b/hos/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..641cd8887f --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Hosea 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter which is a series of quotations. Hosea 1-2 is a single series forming one narrative. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +Many relationships are used in this chapter that are metaphors for the relationship between Israel and her God. Brother, sister, husband, wife, mother, and children are examples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +This chapter creates an abrupt change of address. The prophet is now addressing the children directly in the first few verses, but the whole chapter is written against Gomer as an illustration of Israel as an adulterous people. God uses Gomer as an illustration to teach the people of Israel how they should be faithful to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/03/01.md b/hos/03/01.md index 5757cfbea1..c53e1cb831 100644 --- a/hos/03/01.md +++ b/hos/03/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Go again, love a woman, loved by her husband, but who is an adulteress. ## +# Go again, love a woman, loved by her husband, but who is an adulteress -This refers back to Hosea 1:2. Hosea was told by Yahweh to again love an adulteress. +This refers back to [Hosea 1:2](../01/01.md). Yahweh again tells Hosea to love an adulterous woman. -## Love her just as I, Yahweh, love the people of Israel ## +# Love her just as I, Yahweh, love the people of Israel -By his love for the adulteress, Hosea was to be an example of Yahweh's love for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +By loving the adulterous woman, Hosea will be an example of Yahweh's love for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## they turn to other gods and love raisin cakes ## +# they turn to other gods and love raisin cakes -Raisin cakes were used in the sacrificial feasts of idol worship. +People ate raisin or fig cakes during festivals where they worshiped false gods. -## fifteen pieces of silver and a homer and a lethek of barley ## +# fifteen pieces of silver and a homer and a lethek of barley -the price paid for a slave +This was the price to buy a slave. -## homer ## +# fifteen pieces -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +"15 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## lethek ## +# a homer and a lethek of barley -half. Indicates another half homer of barley. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in modern units. AT: "330 liters of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/03/04.md b/hos/03/04.md index 5730ade7c3..c272711c1a 100644 --- a/hos/03/04.md +++ b/hos/03/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## For the people of Israel will live for many days ## +# For the people of Israel will live for many days without a king, prince, sacrifice, stone pillar, ephod or household idols -This is a word picture showing that just as Hosea had to live for quite a bit of time without his adulterous wife, Israel would live for a lengthy period of time ("many days") without their own king and religious worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Just as Hosea lived without his wife because she committed adultery, Israel will live without a king and without worshiping God, because they committed idolatry. -## David their king ## +# seek Yahweh their God -David is symbolic of the lineage of David; in other words, they would seek a descendant of David as their king (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "seek" means they are asking God to accept them and their worship. -## in the last days ## +# David their king -in the future (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "David" represents all the descendants of David. AT: "a descendant of David to be their king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## they will come trembling before Yahweh and his goodness - ## +# in the last days -** AT: "They will come back to Yahweh with an attitude of awe, and will seek his blessings." \ No newline at end of file +"in the future" + +# they will come trembling before Yahweh and his goodness + +Here "trembling" represents feelings of awe and humility. AT: "they will come back to Yahweh and will humble themselves, honor him, and ask for his blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/03/intro.md b/hos/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aa6ca232cc --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Hosea 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter focuses on the meaning of the illustration of Hosea's marriage. It is a very short chapter written in prose to show the truth of Israel's relationship with Yahweh. After bearing a number of children for Hosea, Gomer leaves him and prostitutes herself with other men, showing little to no regard for their marriage covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +This chapter contains a continuation of the metaphor played out in chapter 2. Hosea is told to go and buy his wife out of slavery. Gomer must have been captured and held as a slave due to her adulterous activity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/01.md b/hos/04/01.md index 99273c4ef5..85a23b6054 100644 --- a/hos/04/01.md +++ b/hos/04/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -This chapter begins Yahweh's presentation of his case against the unfaithful Israelites. +# General Information: -## The people have broken all bounds ## +This chapter begins Yahweh's argument against the unfaithful Israelites. -There is no more respect for the law. +# Yahweh has a lawsuit against the inhabitants of the land -## bloodshed comes after bloodshed ## +Yahweh stating that the people of Israel have sinned against him and broken his covenant is spoken of as if Yahweh were accusing them in court. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -(UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# lawsuit + +This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md). + +# The people have broken all bounds + +Here "bounds" stands for the limits of what the law allows. AT: "The people have disobeyed the law in every possible way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bloodshed comes after bloodshed + +Here "bloodshed" stands for "murder" which often involves making the victim bleed. AT: "you commit one murder after another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/03.md b/hos/04/03.md index 92b6ad9731..351d99b42b 100644 --- a/hos/04/03.md +++ b/hos/04/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## So the land is drying up ## +# So the land is drying up -This is the result of the sins of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This expression refers to drought, when no rain falls for a long time. -## wasting away ## +# wasting away -Become weaker and probably die because of lack of food or illness. +becoming weak and dying because of sickness or lack of food -## even the fish in the sea are taken away ## +# are being taken away -The fish are dying. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "are dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/04.md b/hos/04/04.md index 7bf049ee15..54737ae796 100644 --- a/hos/04/04.md +++ b/hos/04/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking about Israel. -## lawsuit ## +# lawsuit -a complaint by one person against another in a court of law +a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law -## do not let anyone accuse anyone else ## +# do not let anyone accuse anyone else -because everyone is guilty. (UDB) +No one should accuse another person of anything because everyone is guilty of something. -## You priests ## +# You priests will stumble -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "stumble" means to disobey God or even to stop trusting him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will destroy your mother ## +# I will destroy your mother -In this verse, "mother" refers to the nation of Israel. (See: __2:2)__ and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "mother" refers to the nation of Israel. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/06.md b/hos/04/06.md index 5d3b96d37c..28e2a6298a 100644 --- a/hos/04/06.md +++ b/hos/04/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -In 4:6, Yahweh is talking to the priests about the people of Israel. But in 4:7, he is talking about the priests, not to them. It is possible for the translator to follow the example of the UDB, which pictures Yahweh as talking to the priests also in 4:7. +# General Information: -## My people are being destroyed because of the lack of knowledge ## +In 4:6, Yahweh is talking to the priests about the people of Israel. But in 4:7, he is talking about the priests, not to them. It is possible for the translator to follow the example of the UDB, which portrays Yahweh as talking to the priests also in 4:7. -Yahweh is saying that the destruction of Israel is happening because the priests and prophets (the spiritual leaders of Israel) were not teaching the people about Yahweh and his commands. +# My people are being destroyed because of the lack of knowledge -## are being destroyed ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My people are perishing because you, the priests, have not properly taught them about me so that they will obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "are being ruined" +# knowledge -## you priests have rejected knowledge ## +Here "knowledge" refers to the knowledge of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -The "you" here is emphatic. AT: "Because you yourself have rejected knowledge" +# They exchanged their honor for shame -## multiplied ## - -"became more numerous" - -## I will change their honor into shame ## - -Priests were honored in Israel; now, because of their poor examples and great sin, the priests would be rejected by Yahweh and face great shame. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "honor" is a metonym that represents Yahweh, and "shame" is a metonym that represents idols. AT: "They have stopped worshiping me, their honorable God, and now worship shameful idols" or 2) some Bible versions translate this as "I will exchange their honor for shame." This means Yahweh will take away the things which the priests honor and cause the priests to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/08.md b/hos/04/08.md index dc0c1d03a7..d204d072fc 100644 --- a/hos/04/08.md +++ b/hos/04/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh is speaking about Israel. +# General Information: -## They feed on the sin of my people ## +Yahweh continues speaking about the priests. -This refers to the fact that the priests were allowed to eat portions of the offerings that the people brought to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# They feed on the sin of my people -## they are greedy for more of their wickedness ## +When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people's sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The priests wanted the people to sin more. (UDB) +# they are greedy for more of their wickedness -## It will be the same for the people as for the priests ## +The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "The people and the priests will be punished in the same way" +# It will be the same for the people as for the priests -## their practices ## +"The people and the priests will be punished in the same way" -Their habits, their conduct. \ No newline at end of file +# their practices + +"their habits" or "their conduct" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/10.md b/hos/04/10.md index 7e085c7bb1..788eb16046 100644 --- a/hos/04/10.md +++ b/hos/04/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is talking about Israel. -## They will eat but not have enough ## +# but not increase -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"but not have children" -## but not increase ## +# they have gone far away -"will not conceive and bear children" +The people have stopped worshiping and following God. -## they have gone far away ## +# from Yahweh -the people have stopped worshipping and following God. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. AT: "from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/11.md b/hos/04/11.md index c751951645..0dfd5bc5af 100644 --- a/hos/04/11.md +++ b/hos/04/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh is talking about Israel. -## have taken away their understanding ## +# sexual promiscuity, wine, and new wine, which have taken away their understanding -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The people of Israel are pursuing sex outside of marriage and drinking too much wine. In doing these activities they have forgotten Yahweh's commands. These actions are spoken of here as if they were someone who could prevent other people from understanding the importance of obeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## their walking sticks give them prophecies ## +# their walking sticks give them prophecies -idol worshipers used the staff (or walking stick) to foretell the future (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Idol worshipers used walking sticks to help them predict the future. The walking sticks are spoken of here as if they were people who spoke prophecies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## spirit of promiscuity has misled them ## +# a mind of promiscuity has misled them -worshiping the idols and having sex with the temple prostitutes has caused Israel to sin greatly against Yahweh (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Worshiping the idols and sleeping with the temple prostitutes has developed in the people of Israel the desire to always sin against Yahweh in these ways. Here "mind" is spoken of as if it were a separate person who was able to convince the people to disobey Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# has misled + +has convinced the people to sin (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/13.md b/hos/04/13.md index 4ff768346b..1a1b129327 100644 --- a/hos/04/13.md +++ b/hos/04/13.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is talking about Israel. -## So this people who do not understand will come to ruin. ## +# on the tops of the mountains ... on the hills -The nation of Israel will be destroyed ("come to ruin") because they do not realize (understand) how wicked their actions are and how far they have turned away from Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +It was common for the people to set up idols in these places, often called "high places" in the Old Testament. + +# sacred prostitutes + +These were women who had sexual relations with men who came to worship certain idols. This was viewed as a sacred action in honor of the false gods. + +# So this people who does not understand will be thrown down + +Yahweh will destroy the nation of Israel because they do not understand or obey God's commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/15.md b/hos/04/15.md index f29f040808..ce082a67c2 100644 --- a/hos/04/15.md +++ b/hos/04/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. -## may Judah not become guilty ## +# may Judah not become guilty -God is recognizing how sinful Israel has become and doesn't want Judah to do the same thing. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God knows how sinful Israel has become and does not want Judah to do the same thing. -## Do not go to Gilgal, you people; do not go up to Beth Aven. ## +# Do not go to Gilgal, you people; do not go up to Beth Aven -The people of Judah are being warned not to go to Gilgal or Beth Aven to worship idols in those two places. Gilgal was once a holy place, but now it had become a place of idol worship. +The people of Judah are being warned not to go to the cities of Gilgal or Beth Aven to worship idols in those places. Gilgal was once a place where Yahweh had been worshiped, but it had become a place of idol worship. -## like a stubborn heifer ## +# Beth Aven -Israel is compared to a young cow that kicks and has to be tied up, rather than be let free to graze in the pasture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## How can Yahweh bring them to pasture like lambs in a meadow? ## +# like a stubborn heifer -When Yahweh allows Israel to be free, they turn to the worship of idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Israel is compared to a young cow that will not obey its master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# How can Yahweh bring them to pasture like lambs in a meadow? + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he cannot continue to take care of the people because they are stubborn. Yahweh no longer taking care of his people is spoken of as if he were a shepherd that could not take his lambs into the field to eat because they are stubborn. AT: "Yahweh will not shepherd a rebellious people." or "Therefore Yahweh will not continue to take care of them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How can Yahweh + +Here Yahweh is speaking of himself in the third person. It can be stated in the first person. AT: "How can I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/17.md b/hos/04/17.md index e7d8e38ff9..0f833a6258 100644 --- a/hos/04/17.md +++ b/hos/04/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is talking about Israel. -## Ephraim united himself with idols; leave him alone ## +# Ephraim united himself with idols; leave him alone -Ephraim, another name for Israel, has made the choice to worship idols, instead of Yahweh. Ephraim will therefore have to take the consequences of his actions ("leave him alone" to see what will happen). +Here "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel, which is a metonym for the people who live there. They chose to worship idols, instead of Yahweh. Yahweh is commanding Hosea to not try to correct them. The people of Israel will not listen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## her rulers dearly love their shame ## +# her rulers dearly love their shame -This means that Israel's rulers are NOT ashamed of what they are doing when they worship idols and turn against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +The rulers are not ashamed of what they are doing when they worship idols and turn against Yahweh. -## The wind will wrap her up in its wings ## +# The wind will wrap her up in its wings -The "wind" is symbolic of God's judgment and wrath against the nation of Israel. Yahweh will literally allow Israel to be captured and taken into exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "wind" represents God's judgment and anger against the nation of Israel. Yahweh will allow the enemy army to defeat the people of Israel and take them as captives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/04/intro.md b/hos/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b2d3237323 --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Hosea 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The author stops using the metaphor of a husband/wife relationship and begins using a new illustration using lawsuits. God is suing the people of Israel because of all the wrong they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Lawsuits ##### + +Lawsuits are special cases where people go to court when they have a legal issue to resolve between them. Normally, one party is accusing another party of having done wrong. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metonymy ##### +Metonymy is used in the first few verses of this chapter. Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a thing or idea is called not by its own name, but by the name of something closely associated with it. Bloodshed is associated with murder. Stumbling represents sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/05/01.md b/hos/05/01.md index b997857512..9a3e7f3bb4 100644 --- a/hos/05/01.md +++ b/hos/05/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh is talking about Israel. -## You have been a snare at Mizpah and a net spread over Tabor. ## +# You have been a snare at Mizpah and a net spread over Tabor -A snare and a net are both objects used to catch prey. In this case, the priests and the royal household had devised ways to keep the people away from Yahweh, while enticing them into idolatry. Mizpah and Tabor were places for idol worship in the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +A snare and a net are both objects used to catch prey. In this case, the priests and the royal household had devised ways to keep the people away from Yahweh, while enticing them into idolatry. Mizpah and Tabor were places for idol worship in the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The rebels stand deep in slaughter ## +# The rebels stand deep in slaughter -The rebels refer to all of those who had turned away from following Yahweh. "Deep in slaughter" could refer to the slaughtering of sacrifices to the pagan idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "rebels" refers to all of those people who had turned away from Yahweh, and "deep in slaughter" could refer to the murder of innocent people, or to the slaughter of animals offered to pagan idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The rebels + +The translator can represent this as "You rebels," because God is really talking to the rebellious people of Israel. + +# in slaughter + +Some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression as standing for wickedness. + +# I will punish all of them + +The translator can represent this as "I will punish all of you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/05/03.md b/hos/05/03.md index b0c3083264..ec78f4cf28 100644 --- a/hos/05/03.md +++ b/hos/05/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is talking about Israel. -## I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hidden from me. ## +# I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hidden from me -Yahweh knows that Ephraim (Israel) is idolatrous. There is no way that they can worship idols without Yahweh knowing what they are doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here, "Ephraim" and "Israel" both refer to the whole northern kingdom of Israel, and represent the people who live there. Here God says that he knows what they are like and what they are doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Ephraim, now you have become like a prostitute ## +# Ephraim, now you have become like a prostitute -Ephraim are being compared to a prostitute since she is so unfaithful to God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Ephraim is presented in terms of a prostitute because the people have become unfaithful to God, as a prostitute is faithful to no man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## for the spirit of adultery is in them ## +# for the mind of adultery is in them -the people of Israel are so inbred with their idolatrous practices they are not like the people of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This means they have the desire to be unfaithful to God. They want to worship idols. -## and they do not know me, Yahweh ## +# to turn to God ... they do not know Yahweh -Israel no longer listens to or follows Yahweh in any way. They do not acknowledge him as their God. \ No newline at end of file +The translator can represent this as "to turn to me ... they do not know me," or "to turn to me ... they do not know me, Yahweh." + +# they do not know Yahweh + +Israel no longer obeys Yahweh in any way. They do not acknowledge Yahweh as their God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/05/05.md b/hos/05/05.md index 4d1fe84c54..744fd50fc7 100644 --- a/hos/05/05.md +++ b/hos/05/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is talking about Israel. -## The pride of Israel testifies against him ## +# The pride of Israel testifies against him -This means that the people of Israel have become proud. They do not feel the need to rely on Yahweh for anything. Their actions show their pride and arrogance ("their actions testify against them"). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This describes "pride" as a person who testifies against the people of Israel in court. Their prideful attitude and behavior show that they are guilty of no longer obeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## so Israel and Ephraim will stumble in their guilt; and Judah also will stumble with them ## +# so Israel and Ephraim will stumble in their guilt; and Judah also will stumble with them -All of the nation of Israel (both northern and southern kingdoms) will fall away from Yahweh ("stumble spiritually") because of their sin of idol worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The two kingdoms will become completely disobedient to God because of their pride and sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## They were unfaithful to Yahweh, for they have borne illegitimate children ## +# They were unfaithful to Yahweh, for they have borne illegitimate children -Israel left Yahweh and worshiped idols. In their spiritual adultery, spiritual children were born who did not worship Yahweh. +Possible meanings are 1) this means the Israelites were marrying people from other nations and having children with them or 2) this means the Israelite parents were unfaithful to Yahweh and they were teaching their children to worship idols. -## Now the new moon festivals will devour them with their fields ## +# Now the new moon festivals will devour them with their fields -(UDB) This means that Yahweh's judgment will come upon them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people of Israel were supposed to celebrate during the new moon. Here this expression seems to describe the new moon festival as a beast that will eat the people and their fields. However, it is hard to interpret this expression; many versions translate it without making much sense of it. However, the overall meaning is certainly that God will punish the people for their unfaithfulness to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/05/08.md b/hos/05/08.md index 7a1f3fb98f..993884a258 100644 --- a/hos/05/08.md +++ b/hos/05/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Blow the horn in Gibeah, and the trumpet in Ramah. ## +# General Information: -Gibeah and Ramah were two cities in Israel close to Israel's southern border. This command is given to both Gibeah and Ramah in order to emphasize that the enemy is approaching. Gibeah, Ramah, and Bethel (which is called Beth Aven), are all located in Benjamin, north of Jerusalem. +Yahweh is talking about Israel. -## Sound a battle cry at Beth Aven: 'We will follow you, Benjamin!' ## +# Blow the horn in Gibeah, and the trumpet in Ramah -Beth Aven was on the border between Israel (the northern kingdom) and the tribe of Benjamin (part of the southern kingdom). This could have been a warning to Benjamin or a request for help from Benjamin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "horn" and "trumpet" mean the same thing. This command is given to the people of Gibeah and Ramah to emphasize that the enemy is coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Among the tribes of Israel I have declared what is certain to happen. ## +# Sound a battle cry at Beth Aven: 'We will follow you, Benjamin!' -AT: "I will do to the tribes of Israel what I have declared." \ No newline at end of file +Here "Benjamin" represents the soldiers from the tribe of Benjamin. This may be a request for them to lead the people into battle. But modern versions make various attempts to interpret this expression. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Beth Aven + +This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. See how you translated this in [Hosea 4:15](../04/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Among the tribes of Israel I have declared what is certain to happen + +"I will do to the tribes of Israel what I have declared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/05/10.md b/hos/05/10.md index 493b0b8561..ed1fdcc3ef 100644 --- a/hos/05/10.md +++ b/hos/05/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. -## The leaders of Judah are like those who move a boundary stone. ## +# The leaders of Judah are like those who move a boundary stone -Moving a boundary stone meant moving the landmark that marked the border of some property (which was a crime under Israelite law). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +To "move a boundary stone" refers to moving the landmark that marked the border of some property, which was a crime under Israelite law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## I will pour my wrath on them like water. ## +# I will pour my wrath on them like water -Yahweh's wrath against Judah will be like a very large stream of water that destroys them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh's wrath against Judah will be like a large stream of water that destroys them. In the scriptures, emotions and moral qualities are often spoken of as if they were liquids. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Ephraim is crushed; he is crushed in judgment ## +# Ephraim is crushed; he is crushed in judgment -This statement is made twice for emphasis: Ephraim's punishment will be very harsh; Ephraim's judgment for following idols will be severe. The second statement emphasizes the severity of the judgment. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. This statement is made twice for emphasis. Here "Ephraim" refers to the people of the northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "I will punish the people of Israel severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# walked after idols + +Here "walked" represents the idea of worshiping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# idols + +The Hebrew word translated here as "idols" is uncertain in its meaning, and is translated by modern versions in many different ways. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/05/12.md b/hos/05/12.md index 7e008a9094..542b990888 100644 --- a/hos/05/12.md +++ b/hos/05/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. -## I will be like a moth to Ephraim, and like rot to the house of Judah ## +# I will be like a moth to Ephraim, and like rot to the house of Judah A moth on a piece of wool and rot in a piece of wood are both destructive. Yahweh will destroy both nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah saw his wound ## +# moth ... rot -Both Ephraim (the northern kingdom of Israel) and Judah (the southern kingdom of Israel) realized that they in danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These two terms are translated in various ways because the meaning of the Hebrew word is either very broad or it is uncertain. -## then Ephraim went to Assyria, and Judah sent messengers to the great king ## +# When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah saw his wound -Neither kingdom asked Yahweh for help. +Both Ephraim (the northern kingdom of Israel) and Judah (the southern kingdom of Israel) realized that they were in danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## But he was not able to cure you people or heal your wound ## +# then Ephraim went to Assyria, and Judah sent messengers to the great king -Yahweh was in control, and Yahweh was going to bring judgment on the people of both Ephraim and Judah because they had turned to the worship of idols instead of the worship of Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +Ephraim and Judah asked Assyria for help instead of asking Yahweh for help. "Great king" was a title for the king of Assyria. + +# But he was not able + +Here "he" refers to the king of Assyria. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/05/14.md b/hos/05/14.md index e922dea054..c9249461a5 100644 --- a/hos/05/14.md +++ b/hos/05/14.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. -## For I will be like a lion to Ephraim ## +# So I will be like a lion to Ephraim -Yahweh is going to pursue and attack Ephraim like a predator. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh is going to pursue and attack Ephraim like a lion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## and like a young lion to the house of Judah ## +# like a young lion to the house of Judah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh is going to treat Judah in a similar way. Yahweh is showing his displeasure with both the northern and the southern kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## I, even I, ## +# I, even I -Yahweh is emphasizing that he is the one that is bringing judgment on all his people (Ephraim and Judah). +Yahweh is emphasizing that he is the one that is bringing judgment on all of his people. -## will tear ## +# will tear -As a lion tears its prey apart, so Yahweh will tear his people away from their homes and country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +As a lion tears apart the animal it is eating, so Yahweh will tear his people away from their homes and country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will go and return to my place ## +# I will go and return to my place Yahweh will leave his rebellious people. -## and seek my face ## +# seek my face -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Try to come into God's presence by means of worship and sacrifice. AT: "ask me to pay attention to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/05/intro.md b/hos/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b23721bf2a --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Hosea 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues using the poetic form exclusively. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +The author uses Ephraim and Israel interchangeably. They both refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. Judah is also mentioned and refers to the southern kingdom of Judah. Benjamin is part of the southern kingdom of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +This chapter is full of metaphors and similes. The writer uses these figures of speech to show how Yahweh will treat his people for not obeying his instructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/06/01.md b/hos/06/01.md index aad34ea605..7592a0408a 100644 --- a/hos/06/01.md +++ b/hos/06/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + The people of Israel confess their need to repent. -## For he has torn us to pieces ## +# he has torn us to pieces ... he has injured us -God has disciplined the people of Israel for their disobedience and idolatry. This is a parallelism to emphasize God's judgment, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +God has punished the people of Israel because they disobeyed him and worshiped idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## but he will heal us ## +# he will heal us ... he will bandage our wounds -Israel believes that God will be merciful to them when they repent, and he will deliver them out of their troubles. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Israel believes that God will be merciful to them when they repent and he will deliver them from their troubles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## After two days he will revive us; he will raise us up on the third day ## +# After two days he will revive us; he will raise us up on the third day -This represents a short period of time. Israel believed God would quickly come to their aid and deliver them from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This represents a short period of time. Israel believes God will quickly come to rescue them from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Let us know Yahweh ## +# two days ... third day -This is an encouragement to be enthusiatic about knowing Yahweh. Knowing him will help the Israelites avoid sin and punishment for it. +"2 days ... 3rd day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## His going out is as sure as the dawn ## +# Let us know Yahweh -Yahweh will come to the help of his people just as surely as the sun rises each morning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "know" means not only to learn God's character and laws, but also to become faithful to him. + +# His coming out is as sure as the dawn + +Yahweh will come to help his people just as surely as the sun rises each morning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/06/04.md b/hos/06/04.md index e5d49eb936..94aa3ef24e 100644 --- a/hos/06/04.md +++ b/hos/06/04.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh is speaking. -## Your decrees ## +# what will I do with you? -"Your commands." "Your" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +God is expressing that his patience is coming to an end and what remains is judgment. AT: "it is hard to know what to do with you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# So I have cut them to pieces by the prophets + +Through his prophets, Yahweh has pronounced destruction on the rebellious nation. The destruction, here called "cutting to pieces," is as sure as the condemnation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your decrees are like the light that shines out + +Here the prophet Hosea is speaking to God. He may mean that when God gives the command for someone to die as punishment, it is like a bolt of lightning that strikes. Or he may mean that God's commandments allow people to know the truth, just as light makes objects visible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Your decrees + +"Yahweh's commands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/06/06.md b/hos/06/06.md index dbae7def72..138b836719 100644 --- a/hos/06/06.md +++ b/hos/06/06.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no new notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh is speaking. + +# For I desire faithfulness and not sacrifice + +This grammatical construction in Hebrew signals here the idea of "more than," as the next line shows ("and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings"). AT: "For I desire faithfulness more than sacrifice" + +# Like Adam + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to Adam, the first man or 2) this is a metonym that represents the people who live in a city in Israel called Adam. AT: "Like the people in the city of Adam" or 3) this refers to people in general. The word "Adam" means "man" or "humankind." AT: "Like all of humankind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/06/08.md b/hos/06/08.md index d14b7b9b9e..10180219d6 100644 --- a/hos/06/08.md +++ b/hos/06/08.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh is speaking. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh is speaking. + +# Gilead is a city ... with footprints of blood + +"Footprints of blood" probably represents the evildoers and their acts of murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the priests band together to commit murder on the way to Shechem + +We do not know what this refers to. Were priests actually guilty of attacking people on their way to Shechem, which was an important religious and political center? Or is the prophet saying that the priests have "killed" true knowledge and worship of Yahweh? It is best to translate this expression as plainly as possible. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/06/10.md b/hos/06/10.md index 053b815f25..4c533f4192 100644 --- a/hos/06/10.md +++ b/hos/06/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## Ephraim's prostitution ## +# Ephraim's prostitution -Ephraim's worship of false gods (see:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "prostitution" refers to Ephraim's worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## For you also, Judah, a harvest has been appointed ## +# Israel has become unclean -"I have set a time of harvest for you also, Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Israel has become unacceptable to God because of her actions. + +# For you also, Judah, a harvest has been appointed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have set a time of harvest for you also, Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# harvest + +Here "harvest" represents God's final judgment on Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fortunes + +prosperity and security \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/06/intro.md b/hos/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6df0e106ab --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Hosea 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues using the poetic form to show how Yahweh will still show mercy to his wayward people, the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah. Gilead is an area in the northern kingdom of Israel where several of the tribes lived. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Change in speaker ##### +There is a change in person from 6:1-3 to 6:4-11. In the first passage, the speaker is an anonymous Israelite, but in the rest of the chapter, the speaker is Yahweh. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +Throughout the chapter, the author uses the metaphor of prostitution to say that his people have abandoned him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/01.md b/hos/07/01.md index 2078d65ef7..9592fc9c72 100644 --- a/hos/07/01.md +++ b/hos/07/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## I want to heal Israel ## +# I want to heal Israel -This healing is not physical but is spiritual. God wants to repair the relationship between God and Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Making Israel obedient to God again and receivers of his blessing is spoken of as if it were healing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for they practice deceit ## +# for they practice deceit -The people are selling and buying products dishonestly. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The people are selling and buying products dishonestly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## marauding band ## +# marauding band -This is a group of people who are attacking other people at will and without cause. (UDB) +This is a group of people who are attacking other people without cause. -## they are before my face ## +# their deeds surround them -(UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people's evil deeds are probably spoken of here as if they were other people ready to accuse them of their crimes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are before my face + +Here God is represented by his "face" which emphasizes his presence and awareness. AT: "and I see it all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/03.md b/hos/07/03.md index 42b92697d6..91510e0520 100644 --- a/hos/07/03.md +++ b/hos/07/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh is speaking. +# General Information: -## They are all adulterers, ## +Yahweh is speaking. The Hebrew text is not clear in various places. However, many people interpret it as describing the royal officials as being unfaithful to God, and also as planning to assassinate the king, and then carrying out their plans. This seems to have happened more than once. These crimes are mentioned as illustrations of the wickedness into which the nation has sunk. -"adulterers" refers to people who are unfaithful to Yahweh and who worship idols (which included acts of sexual immorality). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# They are all adulterers -## like an oven heated by the baker ## +The people committed spiritual adultery by worshiping idols and being unfaithful to Yahweh. They were probably also being unfaithful to their husbands or wives by sleeping with other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This refers to the evil desires burning within the unfaithful people of Yahweh. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# like an oven heated by the baker -## kneading of the dough ## +This can be stated in active form. This means the people had strong desires to do evil. AT: "like an oven which the baker heats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This is a part of the process to prepare bread. +# kneading of the dough -## He reaches out with his hand to those who mock. ## +This is a part of the process of making bread. -This means that the king also participates along with the people in the drunken festivities. \ No newline at end of file +# On the day of our king + +This is perhaps a festival held by the king. + +# He reached out with his hand + +This probably means to unite or join with someone. It may mean that the king joins with his officials to mock things or people that should not be mocked, even God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/06.md b/hos/07/06.md index 3b01f2ee18..99f02ab346 100644 --- a/hos/07/06.md +++ b/hos/07/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh is speaking. +# General Information: -## For with hearts like an oven ## +The court officials' plotting is described. Their anger is what motivates them to kill their king. -Both hearts and ovens store things. AT: "Just as people store up thoughts and judgments" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# For with hearts like an oven -## smolders ## +This means like a fire burns in an oven, these people have strong evil desires within them. The people's desires are represented by their "hearts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Much like a fire our thoughts show signs of continuing anger or hate +# Their anger smolders -## it burns high like a flaming fire ## +The word "smolders" means something is burning slowly without a flame. AT: "Their anger grows slowly and quietly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -It gets very intense. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# it burns high like a flaming fire -## They all are hot as an oven ## +The intensity of their anger is spoken of as if it was a very hot fire. AT: "it gets very intense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -When an oven burns for long it gets hot. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +# They all are as hot as an oven + +This compares their anger to the heat that comes from an oven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they devour those who rule over them + +This seems to mean that the court officials kill their kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/08.md b/hos/07/08.md index 7b410ebeab..bf5f278735 100644 --- a/hos/07/08.md +++ b/hos/07/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## Ephraim is a flat cake that has not been turned over ## +# Ephraim mixes himself among the peoples -This is an idiomatic way of saying that Ephraim is worthless since flat cakes cooked on one side are uneatable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is probably a reference to the efforts made by the northern kingdom's kings to ally themselves with other nations for protection against attack. -## Gray hairs are sprinkled on him ## +# Ephraim is a flat cake that has not been turned over -Gray hair represents older people. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. Here "Ephraim" refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. The nation is weak, as flat bread that has not been doubled over in the oven by the baker for more strength. AT: "The people of Ephraim are like a cake that no one has turned over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Gray hairs are sprinkled on him + +Here "gray hairs" represent old age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but he does not know it + +However, this "old age" is clearly a way of saying that the northern kingdom is getting weaker and weaker, because the nation does not know it is "old." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/10.md b/hos/07/10.md index 9bd726ce78..193b9b6531 100644 --- a/hos/07/10.md +++ b/hos/07/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## The pride of Israel testifies against him ## +# The pride of Israel testifies against him -Israel was unduly proud of being the people of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This describes "pride" as a person who testifies against the people of Israel in court. This means their prideful attitude and behavior show that they are guilty of no longer obeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## in spite of all this ## +# nor have they sought him -"this" refers to all that Hosea is referring to in the previous chapters. +Israel's lack of interest in Yahweh is spoken of as if he was lost and they were not trying to find him. AT: "nor have they tried to get him to pay attention to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Ephraim is like a dove, gullible and without sense, ## +# in spite of all this -At that time, doves were thought to be gullible animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "this" refers God allowing foreigners to defeat them and make them weak. -## Egypt ## +# Ephraim is like a dove, gullible and without sense -These were other powerful nations that Israel could go to for help. \ No newline at end of file +Doves were thought to be foolish birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Egypt ... Assyria + +These were powerful nations that Israel could ask for help. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/12.md b/hos/07/12.md index af3c88601c..613c037748 100644 --- a/hos/07/12.md +++ b/hos/07/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## I will spread my net over them ## +# I will spread my net over them -This is a way to catch birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a way to catch birds. Yahweh continues to compare the people of Israel to doves. When they go to Egypt or Assyria for help, Yahweh will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will bring them down like the birds of the sky ## +# I will bring them down like the birds of the sky -AT: "In the same way I hunt birds I will hunt you". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the way he will judge Israel as if they were birds that he would catch in a net. AT: "I will hunt them like birds" or "I will catch them like a hunter catches birds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# in their flocking together + +This expression extends the metaphor of the birds. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/14.md b/hos/07/14.md index 602a1ed71c..07be47b9e7 100644 --- a/hos/07/14.md +++ b/hos/07/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## They cut themselves to obtain grain and new wine ## +# they wail on their beds -This refers to idol worship. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It was usual for idol worshipers to eat ceremonial meals while reclining on couches or beds. -## and they turn away from me ## +# they turn away from me -AT:"They no longer worship me". \ No newline at end of file +Here no longer worshiping God is spoken of as turning away from him. AT: "they no longer worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Though I trained them and strengthened their arms + +This may be a military metaphor, in which God training the Israelites to love him and obey him is spoken of as if he had been training their men for war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/16.md b/hos/07/16.md index 68fd9b0a1d..97aed37ce1 100644 --- a/hos/07/16.md +++ b/hos/07/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## They are like a faulty bow ## +# They are like a slack bow -AT: "They are like a bow that shoots an arrow in the wrong direction." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +That is, a bow that has no bowstring, or that has no tension. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## the insolence of their tongues ## +# because of the insolence of their tongues -(UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "tongue" refers to what the officials say. AT: "because they insult me" or "because they curse me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## This will become their mockery in the land of Egypt ## +# This will become their mockery in the land of Egypt -AT: "For this reason, Egypt will laugh at and ridicule Israel." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "mockery" can be stated as an action. AT: "This is why people in Egypt will mock and laugh at Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/07/intro.md b/hos/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5268a8132 --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Hosea 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues using poetic forms to speak of Yahweh's anger over the sin of the people. The people are not seeking Yahweh; they are seeking other gods and looking for salvation from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/salvation]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Baking ##### + +Baking of bread is an extended metaphor in this chapter. Yahweh uses various aspects of this activity to show his displeasure with their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Israel and Ephraim ##### +This chapter begins by using two different names for the same group of people: Israel and Ephraim. It also mentions Samaria, which was the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 7:1](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/08/01.md b/hos/08/01.md index a99457b82d..86b6e3e9ca 100644 --- a/hos/08/01.md +++ b/hos/08/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh is speaking. +# General Information: -## Place a trumpet at your lips ## +Yahweh is speaking about the coming of the Assyrian army to attack the northern kingdom. -(UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# An eagle is coming over the house of Yahweh -## An eagle is coming over the house of me, Yahweh. ## +The eagle, a bird of prey, is sometimes used to represent the enemies of Israel. AT: "As an eagle hunts another animal, the enemies of Israel are coming to capture my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "In the same way that an eagle flies over and captures its prey, your enemies will capture you." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +# broken my covenant + +Here "broken" represents "disobeyed," "violated." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# know you + +"are faithful to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/08/04.md b/hos/08/04.md index df7f714c32..d423712023 100644 --- a/hos/08/04.md +++ b/hos/08/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## but it was only so they might be cut off ## +# but it was only so they might be cut off -This was the result, not the purpose. AT: "but as a result of making idols, the people will be cut off" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but the result will be that I will destroy the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they might be cut off ## +# Your calf has been rejected -Possible meanings are 1) "they will perish" or 2) "they will be sent away." This can be expressed with an active verb: I will cut them off" or "I will send them away" +Possible meanings are 1) this is the prophet speaking. AT: "Yahweh has rejected your calf" or 2) Yahweh is speaking. AT: "I myself have rejected your calf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## He has rejected your calf ## +# Your calf -It appears that the Hosea is saying this. This can be made clear as it is in the UDB. Or it can be translated as if God is still speaking. AT: "I have rejected your calf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The people worshiped an idol that looked like a calf, so Yahweh is speaking of their worship as if it were the calf itself. AT: "Because you worship your calf idol, your worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your calf ## +# My anger is burning against these people -It can be made clear that this was an idol. AT "your idol that you made to look like a calf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Anger is often spoken of as if it were a fire. AT: "I am very angry with these people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## My anger burns against them ## +# For how long will they stay guilty? -AT: "I am very angry with them" - -## For how long will they stay impure? ## - -Yahweh uses this question to express his anger about his people being impure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh asks this question to express his anger about his people being impure. "I am angry with these people because they have no desire to be innocent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/08/06.md b/hos/08/06.md index 9b7b2ad912..b97e3f5dfd 100644 --- a/hos/08/06.md +++ b/hos/08/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## For the people sow the wind and reap the whirlwind ## +# For the people sow the wind and reap the whirlwind -This is figurative language showing cause and effect of Israel's actions: they have "planted" (or committed) evil actions and as a consequence will "reap" (or experience) the destructive results of Yahweh's wrath. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +To sow or plant the wind is to act in useless or destructive ways. To reap the whirlwind is to suffer disaster from one's own actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The standing grain has no heads ## +# The standing grain has no heads -"Head" here refers to the part of the plant where the grain is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "head" refers to the part of the plant where the grain is. A stalk with no head has nothing to give to the farmer. In the same way, Israel's actions will result in nothing good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# If it does come to maturity, foreigners will devour it + +If any of Israel's actions do happen to result in something good, Israel's enemies will come and take it from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/08/08.md b/hos/08/08.md index 1f7f39e58a..9047009c5d 100644 --- a/hos/08/08.md +++ b/hos/08/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## Israel is swallowed up ## +# Israel is swallowed up -The tribes of Israel have been taken captive by their enemies and taken away to other lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"swallowed" means to be defeated and taken into exile. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemies of Israel have taken the Israelites away to other lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## like a wild donkey all alone ## +# like a wild donkey all alone -Israel is compared to a wild donkey, an animal that was known to be headstrong and unruly (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +People often think of donkeys as being stubborn. This means the people of Israel refused to listen to Yahweh but instead went to the people of Assyria for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Ephraim has hired lovers for herself ## +# Ephraim has hired lovers for herself -AT: "The people of Israel have tried to pay other nations to protect them." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Ephraim's alliances with other nations are spoken of as if they had paid them to become prostitutes for Ephraim. AT: "The people of Israel have tried to pay other nations to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because of the oppression of the king of princes + +That is, because the Assyrian king, also called "the Great King," will make the people suffer. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/08/11.md b/hos/08/11.md index 6df1f9d8ea..d831d600c2 100644 --- a/hos/08/11.md +++ b/hos/08/11.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## I could write down my Law for them ten thousand times ## +# I could write down my law for them ten thousand times, but they would -This means that Yahweh has already given Israel his Law and expectations through the prophets many, many times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is describing a hypothetical situation. Here "ten thousand times" is an exaggeration that means no matter how many times he gave the people the law, they would still refuse to obey him. AT: "Even if I wrote down my law for them very many times, they would" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# ten thousand + +"10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/08/13.md b/hos/08/13.md index 19f09ac25e..62eaa95bd4 100644 --- a/hos/08/13.md +++ b/hos/08/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## call to mind ## +# They will return to Egypt -AT: "remember" or "think about" - -## They will return to Egypt. ## - -Now, because of their sin, they will go into exile and once again be slaves of a powerful nation. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Because of their sin, God will send his people away as slaves to the Egyptians. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/08/intro.md b/hos/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..51875a666c --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Hosea 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues to use the poetic form to communicate several other ways the people of Israel have sinned against God. First, Yahweh notes that they have set up a king without consulting him. +Next, they set up or reinstalled the golden calves of Samaria. Last, they were seeking help from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +This chapter contains some references to the "calf of Samaria." This most likely refers to an image that was set up by an earlier king of Israel. He did this in order to discourage his people from going to Jerusalem, which was part of the southern kingdom of Judah. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/01.md b/hos/09/01.md index 93e4f6488b..120b545d13 100644 --- a/hos/09/01.md +++ b/hos/09/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Hosea, the prophet, is speaking. +# General Information: -## But the threshing floor and the winepress will not feed them ## +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -This means that the harvest would not yield enough grain and grapes (wine) to feed the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# But the threshing floor and the winepress will not feed them + +This describes the threshing floor and the winepress as if they were humans that can feed someone. This means that the harvest will not provide enough grain for threshing to meet the needs of the people, and that it will not provide the grapes for pressing to make enough wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the threshing floor + +These were wide areas used not only for the threshing of grain, but also for community and religious ceremonies. Temple prostitutes came in order to help the men celebrate the harvest festival to idols. + +# the new wine will fail them + +There will not be enough grape juice to make wine with. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/03.md b/hos/09/03.md index a812b98f64..820765049b 100644 --- a/hos/09/03.md +++ b/hos/09/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Hosea, the prophet, is speaking. +# General Information: -## Their sacrifices will be to them like mourners' food ## +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -The sacrifices they present to God will be unacceptable to God. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# Yahweh's land -## For their food will be for them only; it will not be able to come into the house of Yahweh. ## +This expression signals that Yahweh continues to view the land of Israel as his property, not the property of the Israelites. -In exile, the nation will have food to eat, but none of that food will be acceptable to God as a sacrifice. \ No newline at end of file +# unclean food + +This is food that the Israelites would normally refuse to eat because it would make them unacceptable to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Their sacrifices will be to them like mourners' food + +Here "mourners' food" refers to what people would eat while they mourning because they were defiled and not acceptable to God. This means Yahweh will consider the people's sacrifices to be defiled and he will not accept them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# For their food will be for themselves only; it will not come into the house of Yahweh + +The people of Israel will have food to eat, but Yahweh will not accept it as a sacrifice. + +# it will not come into the house of Yahweh + +The unclean food is spoken of as if it were able to go places by itself. Of course, people actually had to take it with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/05.md b/hos/09/05.md index 8ba0193fc4..a2dd9c66fc 100644 --- a/hos/09/05.md +++ b/hos/09/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -Hosea, the prophet, is speaking. +# General Information: -## What will you do on the day of an appointed festival, on the day of a festival for Yahweh? ## +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -Hosea uses this question to state that when the feast day of Yahweh comes, the people will not be able to observe it as they would normally have done if they had been in their own land. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# What will you do on the day of an appointed festival, on the day of a festival for Yahweh? -## For, look, if they escape from destruction, Egypt will gather them, and Memphis will bury them. ## +Hosea uses this question to emphasize that the people will no longer be able to observe their festivals when their enemies defeat them and take them captive. AT: "You will not be able to celebrate the festivals that Yahweh appointed for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"Look! If you escape and the Assyrians do not kill you, the army of Egypt will capture you. You will die there, and the people in the city of Memphis will bury you." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# the day of an appointed festival ... the day of a festival for Yahweh -## Memphis ## +Both of these mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Memphis was the capital of Egypt at this time in history. \ No newline at end of file +# if they escape + +Here "they" still refers to the people of Israel. You can continue stating this is second person. AT: "if you escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Egypt will gather them, and Memphis will bury them + +Egypt and Memphis refer to the people who live there. AT: "the army of Egypt will capture you. You will die there, and the people in the city of Memphis will bury you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# As for their treasures of silver—sharp briers will possess them + +Briers growing in the places where Israelites stored their silver is spoken of as if the briers were human enemies that would take the Israelite's precious possessions for themselves. AT: "Sharp briers will grow where they store their treasures of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sharp briers will possess them, and thorns will fill their tents + +Here "sharp briers" and "thorns" mean the same thing. To have briers and thorns growing represents a land that has become desolate and like a wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their tents + +Here "tents" represents the Israelites' homes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/07.md b/hos/09/07.md index f0cc2322f5..df8866fc77 100644 --- a/hos/09/07.md +++ b/hos/09/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Hosea, the prophet, is speaking. +# General Information: -## The days for punishment are coming; the days for retribution are coming. ## +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -"retribution" means "deserved punishment" - The prophet Hosea uses these two ways of emphasizing that Israel would soon be judged by Yahweh for their evil deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# The days for punishment are coming; the days for retribution are coming -## The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane ## +Hosea says these two similar phrases to emphasize that Yahweh will soon judge the people of Israel for their evil deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Hosea is using two different ways to say similar things to create emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane -## because of your great iniquity and great hostility ## +These phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) that the people regarded the prophets as madmen or 2) that the prophets had become crazy because of the sins that the people had committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Hosea is emphasizing how much sin and wrongdoing is being done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane + +Here "prophet" and "inspired man" both mean a person who claims to receive messages from God. It is implied that these people are false prophets and only thought they received messages from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# because of your great iniquity and great hostility + +The phrases "great iniquity" and "great hostility" share similar meanings. The iniquity of the people manifested itself in hostility towards Yahweh and his prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/08.md b/hos/09/08.md index d9145dd12e..0cc0daf9ac 100644 --- a/hos/09/08.md +++ b/hos/09/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Hosea, the prophet, is speaking. +# General Information: -## is the watchman for Ephraim ## +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -A "watchman" watches outside his city to see if danger is coming. AT: "is like a watchman for Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# The prophet is the watchman for my God over Ephraim -## Ephraim ## +A "watchman" watches outside his city to see if danger is coming. The prophet warning the people when they are sinning and are in danger of having his God punish them is spoken of as if he were a watchman for the city. AT: "The prophet is like a watchman for God over Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This refers here to Israel +# The prophet is the watchman for my God over Ephraim -## but a bird’s snare is on all of his paths ## +Some versions translate this passage as "The prophet with my God is the watchman over Ephraim." -A "bird's snare" is a trap used to catch a bird. AT: "but a trap is set for him wherever he goes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# The prophet is -## They have deeply corrupted themselves as in the days of Gibeah ## +This refers to prophets in general that God has appointed. AT: "Prophets are" or "True prophets are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -AT: "They have sinned and become very corrupt as the people of Israel did at Gibeah long ago" +# Ephraim -## call to mind ## +Here "Ephraim" represents all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -See how you translated this in [Hosea 8:13](../08/13.md) \ No newline at end of file +# a bird snare is on all of his paths + +A "bird snare" is a trap used to catch a bird. This means the people of Israel do whatever they can to stop God's prophet. AT: "the people set a trap for him wherever he goes" or "the people do all they can to harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They have deeply corrupted themselves as in the days of Gibeah + +"The people of Israel have sinned and become very corrupt as they did at Gibeah long ago." This is probably a reference to the shocking actions of the tribe of Benjamin recounted in Judges 19-21. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/10.md b/hos/09/10.md index 971e8acf14..0222eeef28 100644 --- a/hos/09/10.md +++ b/hos/09/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## it was like finding grapes in the wilderness...Like the first fruit of the season on the fig tree ## +# When I found Israel -God is using parallel expressions to show the initial spiritual state of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This refers to when Yahweh first started his relationship with the people of Israel by claiming them as his own special people. -## it was like finding grapes in the wilderness ## +# it was like finding grapes in the wilderness. Like the very first fruit of the season on the fig tree -God first compares the people of Israel to grapes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Both of these statements emphasize situations that are pleasing to a person. This means Yahweh was very happy when his relationship with the people of Israel started. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Like the first fruit of the season on the fig tree ## +# Baal Peor -And again God compares the nation of Israel to new fresh figs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -## But they went to Baal Peor ## - -Baal Peor was a mountain in the land of Moab on which Baal was worshiped. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a mountain in the land of Moab where the false god Baal was worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/11.md b/hos/09/11.md index c7c120759c..f8bfce3b9c 100644 --- a/hos/09/11.md +++ b/hos/09/11.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## their glory will fly away like a bird ## +# their glory will fly away like a bird -The people of Ephraim, that is, the northern kingdom, will lose everything that makes other nations respect them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people of Ephraim, or the northern kingdom of Israel, will lose everything that makes other nations respect them. Their glory will quickly disappear, as a bird flies away. AT: "their glory will be like a bird that flies away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# when I turn away from them + +When God stops helping the northern kingdom, it will be as if he physically turned away from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/13.md b/hos/09/13.md index 590fabda60..e681d09894 100644 --- a/hos/09/13.md +++ b/hos/09/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Hosea, the prophet, is speaking. +# General Information: -## I have seen Ephraim, just like Tyre ## +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -Hosea is comparing Ephraim to Tyre, Israel's enemy, to show how they will end up similar circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# I have seen Ephraim, just like Tyre, planted in a meadow -## Give them, Yahweh—what will you give them? ## +This speaks of the people being in a safe place as if they were a tree planted in a peaceful meadow. AT: "The nation of Israel was once beautiful and pleasant like the city of Tyre, like a tree that someone plants in a meadow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Hosea is saying that he knows how Yahweh should judge Ephraim and asks Yahweh to judge them by reversing the blessing of having and keeping many children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Ephraim ... Tyre + +Here "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel. These places refer to the people who live in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but Ephraim will bring out his children + +The word "children" are the people from that nation. AT: "but the people of Israel will bring out their children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Give them, Yahweh—what will you give them? Give them + +Hosea uses a question to emphasize that he wants Yahweh to give the people of Israel what they deserve. AT: "This is what I ask you, Yahweh, to give them: give them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a miscarrying womb + +To "miscarry" means that a pregnancy ends too early and the baby dies. Hosea is asking that all the nation's women be like that. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/15.md b/hos/09/15.md index 3d2014ec00..298e48bad1 100644 --- a/hos/09/15.md +++ b/hos/09/15.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## I will drive them out of my house. ## +# I will drive them out of my house -Yahweh is stating that he will force Israel out of the land that he had given them (the land of Canaan). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is stating that he will force Israel out of his land, the land of Canaan. Here "my house" represents Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their officials + +the men who serve the king \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/16.md b/hos/09/16.md index 017df2b273..e4904699e1 100644 --- a/hos/09/16.md +++ b/hos/09/16.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh is speaking in verse 16. -Hosea, the prophet, is speaking in verse 17. +# General Information: -## Ephraim is diseased; and their root is dried up; they bear no fruit. ## +Yahweh is speaking in verse 16. Hosea begins speaking in verse 17. -Ephraim is being compared to a vine that does not bear fruit because its roots have dried up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Ephraim is diseased, and their root is dried up; they bear no fruit + +Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a diseased tree that does not produce fruit and is ready to be cut down. This is a statement that the people have become weak, and that soon their enemies will come and defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/intro.md b/hos/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..190877d96d --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Hosea 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The chapter is written in poetic form to speak of Yahweh's displeasure with Israel's sins. He is showing the many ways in which they do not honor him. The priests and kings do not understand how they have totally broken their covenant with Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Exile ##### +Because the covenant has been broken, the people will be exiled into another land. This actually shows the mercy of God toward his people. He did not destroy them; he simply moved them to another place. However, this chapter goes into detail about many parts of their society to show how far they have moved away from truly worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Change in speaker ##### +In verse 16, Yahweh is speaking; but in verse 17, Hosea starts speaking. There is a change in pronouns; the use of "my God" must imply that someone other than Yahweh is speaking. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/01.md b/hos/10/01.md index a0d775d0a9..53777c0f5b 100644 --- a/hos/10/01.md +++ b/hos/10/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Hosea is speaking about Israel. -## Israel is a luxuriant vine that produces his fruit ## +# Israel is a luxuriant vine that produces his fruit -Israel is compared to a vine that is very fruitful. (See how you translated this in [Hosea 9:13](../09/13.md).). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Israel is spoken of as a vine that was very fruitful. For a while the people prospered and were strong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a luxuriant vine ## +# a luxuriant vine -This vine is producing more fruit than normal. +This vine produces more fruit than normal. -## As his land produced more, he improved his sacred pillars ## +# As his fruit increased ... As his land produced more -AT: "With that money they made more stone columns in honor of their idols" (UDB) +Both of these mean as the people prospered and grew stronger and richer. -## Their heart is deceitful ## +# Their heart is deceitful -This means that Israel is being dishonest toward Yahweh by their worship of idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The "heart" refers to the whole person, emphasizing their emotions and desires. AT: "They are deceitful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## now they must bear their guilt ## +# now they must bear their guilt -AT: "but the time has come that they must pay for their sins." (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Here "guilt" is a metonym for the punishment that is associated with it. This punishment is spoken of as if it was a heavy load for them to carry. AT: "now is the time that Yahweh will punish them for their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/03.md b/hos/10/03.md index cafdc560c3..f0c1a87a47 100644 --- a/hos/10/03.md +++ b/hos/10/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Hosea is speaking about Israel. -## And a king—what could he do for us? ## +# and a king—what could he do for us? -The writer uses this question to imply that even if Israel had a king, it would do them no good because they have turned away from Yahweh (their true king) and worshiped idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The people wills say that their kings could not have helped them. AT: "Even if we had a king now, he could not help us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## They speak empty words ## +# They speak empty words -This means that what they say cannot be trusted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "empty words" refers to lies. AT: "They speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## So justice springs up ## +# So justice springs up like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field -This means that they will receive their deserved punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +What they people called justice in their laws and legal decisions is spoken of as if it were a plant sprouting up. AT: "So their decisions are not just; instead, they are harmful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field. ## +# like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field -Hosea is comparing their form of justice to poisonous weeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Their lies and injustice spread throughout their nation and harm everyone like poisonous plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/05.md b/hos/10/05.md index 964a71add1..e65550cc43 100644 --- a/hos/10/05.md +++ b/hos/10/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Hosea is speaking about Israel. -## Beth Aven ## +# Beth Aven -It means 'house of evil'. Hosea is showing them a contrast with Bethel 'house of God'. +This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. See how you translated this in [Hosea 4:15](../04/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Ephraim will be disgraced, and Israel will be ashamed for following the advice of idols ## +# They will be carried to Assyria -This emphasizes that Israel (Ephraim) will face great shame because they have followed idols. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Assyrians will carry them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Ephraim will be disgraced, and Israel will be ashamed of its idol + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "And the people of Israel will be very ashamed because they had worshiped idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its idol + +Many versions interpret the Hebrew word in this passage as "advice," "plans," or "intentions." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/07.md b/hos/10/07.md index ce13e86502..fcec4eadf8 100644 --- a/hos/10/07.md +++ b/hos/10/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## like a chip of wood on the surface of the water ## +# Samaria's king will be destroyed -The king of Samaria is compared to a chip of wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Assyrians will destroy the king of Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## chip ## +# like a chip of wood on the surface of the water -a small piece that has been broken off of something larger +This means the king of Samaria will be as helpless as a small piece of wood that waves of the water toss back and forth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## The shrines of wickedness - the sin of Israel - will be destroyed ## +# The high places of wickedness will be destroyed -the sin of Israel - will be destroyed** - The shrines the Israelites built to their idols were wicked in God's sight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Assyrians will destroy Israel's high places, where the people acted very wickedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The people will say to the mountains, "Cover us!" and to the hills, "Fall on us!" + +People do not normally speak to things that cannot think or hear them. Translators may choose to have a different format for this passage if their languages do not allow such speech. AT: "The people will say, 'We wish the mountains would cover us!' and 'We wish the hills would fall on us!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/09.md b/hos/10/09.md index 2539e0042a..4de24e3645 100644 --- a/hos/10/09.md +++ b/hos/10/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## days of Gibeah ## +# days of Gibeah -See how you translated this in [Hosea 9:8](../09/08.md). +This is probably a reference to the shocking actions of the tribe of Benjamin recounted in Judges 19-21. See how you translated this in [Hosea 9:9](../09/08.md). -## Did not war overtake the evildoers in Gibeah? ## +# there you have remained -The result of the evil done in Gibeah was a war that killed many people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This passage probably means that the people of the present time continue to act in the same ways that their ancestors did at Gibeah. AT: "and you think just as they did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Will not war overtake the sons of wrong in Gibeah? + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that those in Gibeah who do wrong will certainly have to endure war. And this speaks of the people having to endure war when their enemies come as if war were a person that would catch up with them. AT: "War will certainly come on those who do wrong in Gibeah." or "Enemies will certainly attack those who do wrong in Gibeah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sons of wrong + +Here "son of" is an idiom that means "having the characteristic of." AT: "those who do wrong" or "the evildoers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/10.md b/hos/10/10.md index 39b39a9b03..65bff1e715 100644 --- a/hos/10/10.md +++ b/hos/10/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## double iniquity ## +# double iniquity -This refers to the many sins of Ephraim (Israel); it includes their worship of idols and their turning away from Yahweh. +This refers to the many sins of Israel. -## Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to thresh ## +# Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to thresh -The nation of Ephraim is compared to a trained heifer - symbolic of God's training of his people, and his kindness to them by not putting them under a heavy yoke. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +A heifer loves to thresh because they can walk around freely without a yoke. Yahweh means that he has allowed the people of Israel to be free and have a pleasant life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## so I will put a yoke on her fair neck. I will put a yoke on Ephraim; ## +# I will put a yoke on her fair neck. I will put a yoke on Ephraim -The yoke symbolizes God's punishment. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "yoke" refers to suffering and slavery. Yahweh has been kind to the people of Israel, but the people have been unfaithful to him. So he will punish them and send them away as slaves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Judah will plow; Jacob will pull the harrow by himself. ## +# Judah will plow; Jacob will pull the harrow by himself -Jacob and Judah make up the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here "Judah" refers to the people of the southern kingdom and "Jacob" is the people of the northern kingdom. This means God will cause difficult times for both kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## harrow ## +# harrow -a term used in connection with plowing - probably branches pulled behind an animal to smooth the land and cover seed. \ No newline at end of file +a tool used to smooth the land and cover the seeds after plowing \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/12.md b/hos/10/12.md index e2009541a2..ad7d20978b 100644 --- a/hos/10/12.md +++ b/hos/10/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## Sow righteousness for yourselves, ## +# Sow righteousness for yourselves, and reap the fruit of covenant faithfulness -Using the language of farming, strive for a good relationship with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Righteousness and covenant faithfulness are spoken of as if they were crops that could be sown and harvested. The abstract nouns "righteousness" and "faithfulness" can be stated as "right" and "faithful." AT: "Plow, now, and do what is right, and you will reap the fruit of faithful love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## and reap the fruit of covenant faithfulness ## +# Break up your unplowed ground -The result will be a great relationship with God. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +When the ground is "unplowed" it is not ready to be planted. Yahweh means he wants the people to repent so they can start doing what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Break up your unplowed ground ## +# You have plowed wickedness; you reaped injustice -Unplowed ground symbolizes what their lives were like - full of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Wickedness and injustice are spoken of as if they were crops that could be sown and harvested. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You have plowed wickedness ## +# You have eaten the fruit of deception -This is the other side. But in reality you have planted wrongdoing (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). - -## you reaped injustice. You have eaten the fruit of deception ## - -These two phrase are saying the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The result of deception are spoken of as if they were a food that could be eaten. AT: "You now suffer the consequences of having deceived each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/14.md b/hos/10/14.md index ec8522c4cd..64ee2c438a 100644 --- a/hos/10/14.md +++ b/hos/10/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## It will be as Shalman destroyed Beth Arbel on a day of battle ## +# It will be as Shalman destroyed Beth Arbel on a day of battle -This is being compared to a battle long ago. +The coming war is being compared to a battle long ago. -## Shalman ## +# Shalman -A king who destroyed the city of Beth Arbel around 740 BC. His army murdered women and children in the attack. +This is the name of a king who destroyed the city of Beth Arbel around 740 BC. His army murdered women and children in the attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Beth Arbel ## +# Beth Arbel -Likely a city of the tribe of Naphtali. +This is likely the name of a city of the tribe of Naphtali. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## So it will happen to you, Bethel, because of your great wickedness ## +# So it will happen to you, Bethel, because of your great wickedness -Bethel means "house of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Bethel" represents the people who live there. The prophet addresses the people of Bethel as if they were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/intro.md b/hos/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a1de64d8d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Hosea 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written in poetic form and continues the theme of Israel's many sins against Yahweh. Even though Israel prospered for a time as they multiplied their sins, Yahweh was leading them toward destruction. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +Yahweh's relationship to his people was not based on his people's actions. Even though they rebelled, Yahweh still desired to rescue them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Jacob ##### + +The repeated use of different names for the two kingdoms can be confusing. In verse 11, "Ephraim" refers to the northern kingdom of Israel, and "Judah" refers to the southern kingdom of Judah. However, Jacob is also mentioned. This use of "Jacob" makes us think of the earlier unified nation and may also refer to a future unified nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/11/01.md b/hos/11/01.md index 997abeb284..dab070c582 100644 --- a/hos/11/01.md +++ b/hos/11/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -God is speaking of caring for Israel like a parent for a child. +# General Information: -## When Israel was a young man ## +Yahweh is speaking of caring for Israel like a parent cares for a child. -Yahweh is comparing the nation of Israel to a young man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# When Israel was a young man -## and I called my son out of Egypt ## +Yahweh is speaking about the people of Israel as if they were a young man. Yahweh is referring to when he first started his relationship with the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Yahweh is again comparing Israel to his son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# I called my son out of Egypt -## The more they were called, the more they turned away ## +"son" refers to the people of God the Father. AT: "I led my son out of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Yahweh was calling the nation back to himself. \ No newline at end of file +# The more they were called, the more they went away from me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The more I called them to be my people, the more they refused me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/11/03.md b/hos/11/03.md index 4ccd97fa73..7a03a45777 100644 --- a/hos/11/03.md +++ b/hos/11/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -God is speaking about how he cared for Israel. +# General Information: -## Yet it was I who taught Ephraim to walk ## +Yahweh is speaking about how he cared for Israel. -Yahweh is picturing Israel as a little boy who he is teaching to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# it was I who taught Ephraim to walk -## lifted them up by their arms ## +Yahweh refers to Israel as a small child whom he taught to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -this means that God was protecting and helping them grow as a nation +# lifted them up by their arms -## I led them with cords of humanity, with bands of love ## +This expression continues the metaphor. AT: "took care of them" -In two ways Yahweh is showing how he was caring for Ephraim with love. (UDB) (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# I led them with cords of humanity, with bands of love -## I was to them like someone who eased the yoke on their jaws ## +Yahweh loved his people in ways that they as humans could understand and appreciate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Yahweh is comparing the nation of Israel to a pair of oxen working hard and he was making their work easier. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I was to them like someone who eased the yoke on their jaws + +Yahweh is speaking of the nation of Israel as a hardworking animal whose work he made easier. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I bent down to them and fed them + +This expression continues the metaphor in which Israel is pictured as a young child. It may mean that Yahweh provided for all their physical needs. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/11/05.md b/hos/11/05.md index 5b4ededa65..77d54bea07 100644 --- a/hos/11/05.md +++ b/hos/11/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -God is speaking about Israel. +# General Information: -## Will they not return to the land of Egypt? ## +Yahweh is speaking about Israel. -This question means that the nation of Israel will once again be slaves as they were in Egypt. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Will they not return to the land of Egypt? -## Will Assyria not rule over them because they refuse to return to me? ## +This question means that the nation of Israel will once again be slaves as they were in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -The nation of Israel will be captives of Assyria as a result of their refusal to remain faithful to Yahweh. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Will Assyria not rule over them because they refuse to return to me? -## the sword will fall on their cities ## +The nation of Israel will be captives of Assyria as a result of their refusal to remain faithful to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -The sword represents the enemies of Israel and they will destroy their cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# The sword will fall on their cities -## but no one will help them ## +Here "sword" represents the enemies of Israel who will destroy Israel's cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -No one will be allowed to help Israel at this point, because the people have turned away from Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +# destroy the bars of their gates + +Gates offered security to city inhabitants from their enemies, and the bars secured the closed gates. To destroy the bars meant to take away the people's security. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Though they call to the Most High + +Here God is speaking about himself in the third person. It can be stated in first person. AT: "Though they call to me, the Most High" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]). + +# no one will help them + +Yahweh will not allow anyone to help Israel because they turned away from him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/11/08.md b/hos/11/08.md index b44ba4d376..afeca67241 100644 --- a/hos/11/08.md +++ b/hos/11/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -God is speaking about Israel. +# General Information: -## How can I give you up, Ephraim? How can I hand you over, Israel? ## +Yahweh is speaking about Israel. -Yahweh loves his people so much that he will not totally destroy them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# How can I give you up, Ephraim? How can I hand you over, Israel? -## How can I make you like Admah? How can I make you like Zeboiim? ## +Yahweh loves his people so much that he will not totally destroy them. These questions may be translated as statements. AT: "I will not give you up, Ephraim. I will not hand you over, Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "I do not want to act toward you as I acted toward Admah or make you like Zeboiim—cities that I destroyed along with Sodom." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# How can I make you like Admah? How can I make you like Zeboyim? -## My heart has changed within me ## +Yahweh loves his people so much that he will not totally destroy them. These questions may be translated as statements. AT: "I do not want to act toward you as I acted toward Admah or make you like Zeboyim—cities that I destroyed along with Sodom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -The "heart" often represents the will/decisions a person makes. So the "heart" here represents the whole person of God. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# For I am God and not a man + +God is not like people, who often decide very quickly to take revenge. + +# My heart has changed within me + +Here "heart" represents God's will and decisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not come in wrath + +The abstract noun "wrath" can be stated as the adjective "angry." AT: "I will not come to you and be angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/11/10.md b/hos/11/10.md index bb1603847b..b2307982f5 100644 --- a/hos/11/10.md +++ b/hos/11/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -The prophet is speaking about Yahweh's restoration for his people +# General Information: -## They will walk after me, Yahweh ## +Yahweh is speaking about when he will restore his people. -In the same way, the people will obey Yahweh. AT:"They will live their lives following my commands." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# They will follow Yahweh -## I will indeed roar like a lion ## +Worshiping and honoring Yahweh is spoken of as if it were following him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -In the same way that a lion roars to protect his pride, Yahweh will protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# he will roar like a lion -## They will come trembling like a bird from Egypt ## +Yahweh making it possible for his people to return to his land is spoken of as if he were calling to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -This shows how the people are like a frightened bird from a foreign country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# They will come trembling like a bird ... like a dove -## I will make them live in their homes ## +They will come home quickly as a bird returns to its nest. "Trembling" may refer to the fluttering of a bird's wings. It may also signal the people's feelings of humility and reverence for God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -AT: "I will let them live in their own homes in the land of Israel again." (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +# the declaration of Yahweh + +"what Yahweh has declared" or "what Yahweh has solemnly said." See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:13](../02/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/11/12.md b/hos/11/12.md index 9f1bc776ec..4cfd936d3c 100644 --- a/hos/11/12.md +++ b/hos/11/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -God is talking about Israel and Judah. +# General Information: -## Ephraim surrounds me with falsehood, and the house of Israel with deceit ## +Yahweh is talking about Israel and Judah. -This means that Ephraim (the house of Israel) has continually lied and been dishonest with Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# Ephraim surrounds me with falsehood, and the house of Israel with deceit -## Ephraim surrounds me with falsehood ## +Lies and deceitful acts are spoken of as if they were objects that the people of the northern kingdom surrounded Yahweh with. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "Ephraim has constantly told lies to me" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# But Judah is still going about with me -## But Judah is still going about with me, God, and is faithful to me, the Holy One ## - -Even though Judah has rebelled at times, they are still following Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Judah" refers to the people who live there. This speaks of being loyal to God as "going about" with him. However, many versions have different interpretations of this difficult passage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/11/intro.md b/hos/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..57789b5b99 --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Hosea 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues using the poetic form to communicate about Yahweh's relationship to the northern kingdom of Israel. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +This chapter contains an extended metaphor of Israel as a male child in the care of Yahweh, his parent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +== Rhetorical question== + +Yahweh uses rhetorical questions to show his disappointment and anger at Israel's persistent rejection of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/01.md b/hos/12/01.md index 7a58e7b514..084a615295 100644 --- a/hos/12/01.md +++ b/hos/12/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## Ephraim feeds on the wind ## +# Ephraim feeds on the wind -To feed on wind is useless. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "Ephraim" represents all the people of Israel. Also "wind" represents something that is useless or temporary. The people of Israel doing things that will not help them is spoken of as if they eat the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and follows after the east wind ## +# follows after the east wind -The east wind was very destructive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +East winds were very hot and destructive to the land. Here it represents anything that is destructive. The people doing things that will destroy themselves is spoken of as if they are following the east wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They make a covenant with Assyria and carry olive oil to Egypt ## \ No newline at end of file +# carry olive oil to Egypt + +The people of Israel sent olive oil as a present to the king of Egypt to try and persuade him to help them. + +# Yahweh also has a lawsuit against Judah + +Yahweh stating that the people of Judah have sinned against him and broken his covenant is spoken of as if Yahweh were accusing them in court. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Hosea 4:1](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# against Judah ... punish Jacob for what he has done ... repay him for his deeds + +Here "Judah" and "Jacob" both represent the people of Judah. AT: "against the people of Judah ... punish them for what they have done ... repay them for their deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lawsuit + +This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/03.md b/hos/12/03.md index 66a846f000..cf83d2c83d 100644 --- a/hos/12/03.md +++ b/hos/12/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Hosea the prophet is speaking about Jacob the patriarch. +# General Information: -## In the womb Jacob grasped his brother by the heel ## +Hosea the prophet is speaking about Jacob the ancestor of the Israelites. -He wanted to take his brother's place so he tried to keep his brother from being born first. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# In the womb Jacob grasped his brother by the heel -## He struggled with the angel and won. ## +Jacob wanted to take his brother's place as the firstborn, so he tried to keep his brother from being born first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Jacob fought with an angel so that the angel would bless him. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# He struggled with the angel and won + +Jacob fought with an angel so that the angel would bless him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/05.md b/hos/12/05.md index 14b9f7aa0a..7aadcaf146 100644 --- a/hos/12/05.md +++ b/hos/12/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## "Yahweh" is his name to be called on ## +# is his name to be called on -The meaning for "called on" can mean "prayed to" or "worshipped" (UDB). +This can be stated in active form. Here "name" represents the entire character of God. AT: "is his name to which we pray" or "is his name by which we worship him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Keep covenantal faithfulness and justice ## +# Keep covenantal faithfulness and justice -One must obey God's law and do justly. (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to obeying God's law and doing what is right. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/07.md b/hos/12/07.md index f7e4f630cf..00716b637e 100644 --- a/hos/12/07.md +++ b/hos/12/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Hosea the prophet is speaking about Israel. -## false scales ## +# false scales -They used scales to measure the weight of the money or products they were selling/buying. These scales were not accurate. +The merchants use scales that do not accurately measure the weight of the money or products they are buying or selling. -## they love to defraud ## +# they love to defraud -These merchants are eager to cheat their customers by lying to them. +The merchants cheat their customers by lying to them and taking more money than they should. -## I have certainly become very rich; I have found wealth for myself ## +# I have certainly become very rich; I have found wealth for myself -These two phrases mean essentially the same thing (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean the same thing and mean that the people of Ephraim consider themselves to be very prosperous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I have found wealth + +Becoming wealthy by trading is spoken of as finding wealth. AT: "I have made much money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will not find any iniquity in me, anything that would be sin + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the people of Ephraim consider themselves to be blameless. Learning that someone has sinned is spoken of as finding sin in that person. AT: "they will not discover that I have done anything sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/09.md b/hos/12/09.md index 541631e0f0..c26a83fa8d 100644 --- a/hos/12/09.md +++ b/hos/12/09.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh is speaking. +# General Information: -## by means of the prophets ## +Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -Through the prophets \ No newline at end of file +# I am Yahweh your God from the land of Egypt + +Possible meanings are 1) "I am Yahweh your God, who brought your ancestors from the land of Egypt" or 2) "I have been your God ever since you were in the land of Egypt" or 3) "I became your God when you were in the land of Egypt" + +# I will again make you live in tents + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is threatening to force the people of Israel from their homes and make them live in tents. So, here to "live in tents" would represent being sent into exile, or 2) it is a promise that after their exile the people will live in tents again, and Yahweh will take care of them as he did when the Israelites left Egypt. So, here "to live in tents" would represent a return to an ideal situation when Yahweh took care of his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# By the hand of the prophets + +Here "hand" represents the one who carries out an action. AT: "Through the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/11.md b/hos/12/11.md index 23ae3949f8..42ea790438 100644 --- a/hos/12/11.md +++ b/hos/12/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -The prophet Hosea is speaking. +# General Information: -## their altars will be like heaps of stone in the furrows of the fields ## +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -Many times altars were built out of stones. In this case, their piles of stones won't be altars but more of a hinderance for plowing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# their altars will be like heaps of stone in the furrows of the fields -## Jacob fled to the land of Aram; Israel worked in order to get a wife ## +The altars where the people worshiped will be thrown down and become piles of stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -In this case, "Jacob" and "Israel" are referring to a person and the same person. Jacob received a name change later in his life. \ No newline at end of file +# Jacob fled to the land of Aram; Israel worked in order to get a wife + +Here "Jacob" and "Israel" refer to the same person. Jacob's name became Israel later in his life. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/13.md b/hos/12/13.md index 4e34d5f273..fc47c947c8 100644 --- a/hos/12/13.md +++ b/hos/12/13.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## So his Master will leave the guilt of his blood on him ## +# by a prophet -As shown in the UDB translation, this phrase is saying that these people did many sins against their Master and he is not going to try get rid of them. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +That is, Moses. + +# bitterly + +The anger that the people have caused in Yahweh is extremely great. + +# So his Lord will leave his blood on him + +Here "blood" refers to the guilt incurred by people who murder others. God will not forgive their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will turn back on him his disgrace + +The idea of making someone suffer the results of his own actions is spoken of as if those actions were objects that were thrown back at him. AT: "will make him suffer from his own disgraceful actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/intro.md b/hos/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..185428e3a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Hosea 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jacob ##### + +There is a parallel between Jacob and the northern kingdom of Israel. In the same way that Jacob returned to Yahweh, the northern kingdom should repent of their idolatry and turn back to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/01.md b/hos/13/01.md index 1f17953134..a597b8d4af 100644 --- a/hos/13/01.md +++ b/hos/13/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -God is speaking. +# General Information: -## When Ephraim spoke ## +Yahweh is speaking. -"Ephraim" in this verse means the tribe of Ephraim, which was one of the 10 tribes located in the northern part of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# When Ephraim spoke -## there was trembling ## +Hosea uses the term "Ephraim" to refer to the entire northern kingdom, although it was also the name of one of the ten tribes. Hosea seems to be speaking of a long-past time, when the northern kingdom was strong and honored, unlike at the present time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "there was trembling among the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# there was trembling -## He exalted himself in Israel ## +The missing phrase "among other nations" is understood here. Other nations felt humility in front of the northern kingdom. AT: "there was trembling among other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -"He" refers to the tribe of Ephraim, which became a very influential tribe in the northern kingdom. +# He exalted himself in Israel -## but he became guilty because of Baal worship, and he died. ## +Here "exalting" means to make oneself important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This means that the tribe of Ephraim began worshiping Baal. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# but he became guilty because of Baal worship, and he died -## Now they sin more and more. ## +When the people of Ephraim began worshiping Baal, they grew weak, and their enemies defeated them. Here "died" refers to the nation growing weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"They" means not just the tribe of Ephraim, but the entire nation of Israel (who were all following Ephraim's example). +# Now they sin more and more -## These men who sacrifice kiss calves ## +Here "they" refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the entire nation of Israel, who followed Ephraim's example. -Part of Baal worship is kissing the idol which was an image of a calf. (UDB) (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# These men who sacrifice kiss calves + +Part of idol worship was kissing idol figures that were images of calves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/03.md b/hos/13/03.md index 20ac74d45e..948ee59977 100644 --- a/hos/13/03.md +++ b/hos/13/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## So they will be like the morning clouds…like the dew…like the chaff…like smoke out of a chimney ## +# So they will be like the morning clouds ... like the dew ... like the chaff ... like smoke out of a chimney -These four phrases basically mean that Israel is temporary and disappearing and are meant to emphasize that the nation of Israel (Ephraim) will soon disappear if they continue to worship idols instead of following Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +These expressions state that Israel is temporary and will soon disappear if they continue to worship idols instead of following Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# that is driven by the wind away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the wind blows away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/04.md b/hos/13/04.md index e192f06a18..7e51f55c5c 100644 --- a/hos/13/04.md +++ b/hos/13/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh is speaking. +# General Information: -## I knew you in the wilderness ## +Yahweh is speaking of his people as if they had been a flock of sheep that he found wandering in the wilderness. He says that he claimed them there for his own. -Yahweh, unlike the gods of the idols, watched over his people and blessed them with water and what they needed to survive in the desert. +# I knew you in the wilderness -## your heart became lifted up ## +Yahweh claimed the Hebrew people as his own special people, and he took care of them there. -"Your heart" refers to the relationship of the people of Israel toward God; they became proud, thinking that they did not need Yahweh to be their god any more. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# When you had pasture, then you became full + +The image of sheep is continued with this expression. + +# your heart became lifted up + +Becoming arrogant is spoken of as one's heart being lifted up. AT: "you became proud" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/07.md b/hos/13/07.md index 1ac59486b9..7ad66205de 100644 --- a/hos/13/07.md +++ b/hos/13/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## like a lion...like a leopard...like a bear...like a lioness ## +# like a lion ... like a leopard ... as a bear ... as a lion ... as a wild beast -Each of these wild animals are predators and will attack and kill. In the case of a bear, they will protect their young. Yahweh continues to emphasize how he will deal with his people when they turn away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These are wild animals that attack and kill other animals. Yahweh continues to say that he will destroy his people for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## as a wild beast would tear you ## +# as a bear that is robbed of her cubs -A lioness is a wild beast and tears apart her prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "would attack" are left out because they are understood. This can be stated in active form. AT: "like a bear would attack an animal that takes her cubs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as a lion + +The words "would devour them" are left out because they are understood. AT: "as a lion would devour them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/09.md b/hos/13/09.md index bbd0383374..0e110aa991 100644 --- a/hos/13/09.md +++ b/hos/13/09.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## Where now is your king, that he may save you in all your cities? Where are your rulers, about whom you said to me,'Give me a king and princes'? ## +# who will be able to help you? -Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize to Israel that when they rebel against him, no king or ruler can help them. Only Yahweh can save them from destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that no one will be able to help the people of Israel. AT: "there will be no on able to help you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Where now is your king, that he may save you in all your cities? Where are your rulers, about whom you said to me, 'Give me a king and princes'? + +Yahweh asks these questions to tell Israel that when they rebel against him, no king or ruler can help them. Only Yahweh can save them from destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/12.md b/hos/13/12.md index 354b0cd977..6f01ff4ab8 100644 --- a/hos/13/12.md +++ b/hos/13/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## Ephraim's iniquity has been stored up; his guilt has been stored up ## +# Ephraim's iniquity has been stored up; his guilt has been stored up -These two phrases are very similar and mean nearly the same thing. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases are similar and mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Pains of childbirth will come on him, but he is an unwise son, for when it is time to be born, he does not come out of the womb. ## +# has been stored up -This illustration is used here by Yahweh to represent what is going to happen to Ephraim (Israel) because of their great wickedness. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The northern kingdom's iniquity and guilt are spoken of as if they were objects that could be kept for a purpose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Pains of childbirth will come on him + +Here Yahweh speaks of the suffering the people of Israel will suffer as if it were the pains of child birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but he is an unwise son, for when it is time to be born, he does not come out of the womb + +Yahweh now describes the people of Israel as the baby to which the mother is giving birth. The baby is unwise because it does not want to be born. The people do not want to repent and obey Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/14.md b/hos/13/14.md index c8d6171287..b9e3c51117 100644 --- a/hos/13/14.md +++ b/hos/13/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## Will I really rescue them from the power of Sheol? Will I really rescue them from death? ## +# Will I rescue them from the hand of Sheol? Will I rescue them from death? -Yahweh uses these questions to tell the people of Israel that he is not going to save them from dying. They will face punishment for their great wickedness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh uses these questions to tell the people of Israel that he is not going to save them from dying. He will certainly punish them. AT: "I will certainly not rescue them from death and from going down to Sheol." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Death, where are your plagues? Bring them here. Sheol, where is your destruction? Bring it here ## +# Where, death, are your plagues? Where, Sheol, is your destruction? -Yahweh uses these questions to let the people know that judgment is coming upon Israel soon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh speaks to "death" and "Sheol" as if they were people. Yahweh uses questions to say that he will destroy the people soon. AT: "Now I will cause plagues and let the people of Israel die. I will destroy them and send them to Sheol." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Compassion is hidden from my eyes ## +# Compassion is hidden from my eyes -Yahweh loves and cares for his people (compassion), but he can no longer allow Israel to go without judgment and punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Not to think about having compassion is spoken of as if compassion were hidden so that it cannot be seen. The abstract noun "compassion" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "I have no compassion for them" or "I will not be compassionate towards them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/15.md b/hos/13/15.md index f61f811810..283a636dd0 100644 --- a/hos/13/15.md +++ b/hos/13/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## an east wind will come; the wind of Yahweh ## +# his brothers -This means that the judgment of Yahweh on Israel (Ephraim) is coming soon. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This expression seems to stand for the nations around the northern kingdom, especially Judah, the southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Ephraim's spring will dry up, and his well will have no water ## +# an east wind will come; the wind of Yahweh -The northern kingdom is spoken of as if it were a tree or a plant that always needed water to live. AT: "The people of Israel will meet disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +A wind from the east was very hot and destructive. Here it refers to the armies from the east that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his storehouse ## +# Ephraim's spring will dry up, and his well will have no water -All of the people's possessions in the northern kingdom are spoken of as if they were kept in a single storehouse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Hosea continues to describe how God will punish the people of Israel. Here water represents life, vitality, and strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his storehouse + +This refers to all of the peoples' possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/16.md b/hos/13/16.md index 4016ea5df4..8158e1cdfc 100644 --- a/hos/13/16.md +++ b/hos/13/16.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## Samaria will be guilty, for she has rebelled against her God. ## +# Samaria will be guilty, for she has rebelled against her God -Samaria can refer to the people in the city. In this verse, the "guilt" refers to the people being guilty not the physical city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Samaria" refers to the people in the city of Samaria who are guilty of rebelling against God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will fall + +Here to "fall" represents dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# by the sword + +Here the "sword" represents the enemy soldiers who used swords in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their young children will be dashed to pieces, and their pregnant women will be ripped open + +These phrases can be put into the active voice. AT: "the enemy will dash their young children to pieces, and they will rip open the pregnant women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/intro.md b/hos/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0490b67459 --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Hosea 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter uses poetry to communicate Yahweh's disgust and anger with the northern kingdom of Israel. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +"Israel" and "Ephraim" are terms used to speak about the people of the northern kingdom. Samaria was the capital of the northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +This chapter makes it clear that the northern kingdom is going to be nearly decimated as a people. They will no longer exist as a nation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +== Rhetorical question== + +Hosea uses rhetorical questions throughout this chapter. They are not questions requesting information but rather questions indicating some emotion like anger or dissatisfaction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/14/01.md b/hos/14/01.md index 1e20cb4a95..e1bfa8694b 100644 --- a/hos/14/01.md +++ b/hos/14/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Hosea the prophet is speaking. -## for you have fallen because of your iniquity ## +# for you have fallen because of your iniquity -This means that the nation of Israel chose to sin against Yahweh and turn away from following him; their sins caused them to fall (or stumble). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Sinning is spoken of here as if it were falling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Take with you words of confession ## +# Take with you words -In other words, approach God and ask forgiveness. (UDB)(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This probably means words of confession and praise. AT: "Confess your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the fruit of our lips ## +# the fruit of our lips -AT:"our words and songs of praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +What a person says is called the fruit of his lips. Modern versions have different translations of this difficult passage. AT: "our words and songs of praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/14/03.md b/hos/14/03.md index c5e9118342..c8009681c8 100644 --- a/hos/14/03.md +++ b/hos/14/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Hosea is speaking -## the work of our hands ## +# to the work of our hands -This is referring to idols of false gods they are making. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here people are represented by their "hands" to refer to the people making things. AT: "to the idols we made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## for in you the fatherless person finds compassion ## +# the fatherless person -This means that the people of Israel are admitting that they have turned away from Yahweh and are like an orphan without a father to provide for them. \ No newline at end of file +This expression stands perhaps for the entire nation. It indicates God's enormous compassion for his people. + +# finds compassion + +Here the act of God having compassion is spoken of as if it were an object that someone experiencing that compassion had found. The abstract noun "compassion" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "finds one who is compassionate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/14/04.md b/hos/14/04.md index 1c472ea027..e34c1fb70f 100644 --- a/hos/14/04.md +++ b/hos/14/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## I will be like the dew to Israel ## +# I will heal their turning away -Yahweh's actions will nourish Israel as a people in the same way dew gives water to the plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Stopping the people from turning away from God is spoken of as if he were healing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he will blossom like the lily ## +# their turning away -Israel will flourish as a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The failure of the people to obey God is spoken of as if they had physically turned away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and take root like a cedar in Lebanon ## +# I will be like the dew to Israel; he will blossom like the lily -Israel will be established by Yahweh's love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +God is spoken of as if he were dew that brought needed moisture to plants, and Israel is spoken of as if it were one person, and as if he were a flower that could blossom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his beauty will be like the olive trees ## +# take root like a cedar in Lebanon -Israel will be in good health and well-being. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The picture of Israel in the form of a plant is continued here, but this time in the form of a tall cedar tree in Lebanon, which was known for such trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## and his fragrance like the cedars in Lebanon ## +# His branches will spread out ... like the cedars in Lebanon -Israel will be renewed and smell pleasant again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This passage continues the same image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/14/07.md b/hos/14/07.md index fa3539c766..f6aae8f497 100644 --- a/hos/14/07.md +++ b/hos/14/07.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## The people who live in his shade will return ## +# The people who live in his shade will return -Shade is signifying they will provide protection for others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The people of Israel will once again live protected by God. Israel is spoken of as living in his shade. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they will revive like grain ## +# they will revive like grain and blossom like vines -The people of Israel will sustain itself with food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Israel's new prosperity is spoken of in agricultural terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## and blossom like vines ## +# His fame will be like the wine of Lebanon -The people will sustain itself with drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Just as Lebanon's wine was famous, so Israel will be famous. AT: "People everywhere will know about the nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## His fame will be like the wine of Lebanon ## +# what more have I to do with idols? -AT: "recollection of him is like the wine of Lebanon." Israel will be remembered in the way you remember a good wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This passage signifies that God will stop the people of Israel from worshiping idols any longer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What more have I to do with idols? ## +# a cypress whose leaves are always green -This question stated by the people (Ephraim) emphasizes that they will not worship idols any more. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +A cypress is a tree whose leaves stay green all year. This represents Yahweh and his blessings on Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## a cypress whose leaves are always green ## +# from me comes your fruit -a beautiful tree whose foliage stays green all year; this represents Yahweh and his blessings on Israel. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -## from me comes your fruit ## - -Yahweh is reminding Israel that every good thing represented by fruit is received from him. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "fruit" represents every good thing that comes from Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/14/09.md b/hos/14/09.md index 94f5cb18bc..af8a99297d 100644 --- a/hos/14/09.md +++ b/hos/14/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -The prophet Hosea is speaking. +# General Information: -## Who is wise that he may understand these things? Who understands these things so that he may know them? ## +Hosea the prophet is speaking. -The prophet uses these questions to emphasize that a wise person (or nation) will understand and follow what has been said to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# Who is wise that he may understand these things? Who understands these things so that he may know them? -## For the ways of Yahweh are right ## +The prophet uses these questions to say that wise people will understand and listen to what has been said to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This means that the things that Yahweh says and does show the right way to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# For the ways of Yahweh are right, and the righteous will walk in them + +Yahweh's commandments are spoken of as ways to walk in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stumble + +Disobeying Yahweh is spoken of as if it were stumbling while walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/14/intro.md b/hos/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f8b6a9197e --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Hosea 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This last chapter of Hosea ends with hope. In this chapter, Hosea calls for Israel to confess to Yahweh and repent. This chapter continues to be written in poetic form, using metaphors and other devices to communicate God's love for his sinful people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +Why are confession and repentance even suggested here for a people that Yahweh has already condemned to be destroyed? It is because this is a teaching that Yahweh is a merciful God who loves his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Speaker ##### +The use of first and second person in this chapter often signifies a change in speaker. In this chapter, Hosea is speaking to the northern kingdom to tell them that Yahweh loves them. +There are several places in this chapter where the writer switches from the third person to the second or the first person. This may cause some confusion about who is speaking. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Hosea 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/front/intro.md b/hos/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e7dea30e23 --- /dev/null +++ b/hos/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +# Introduction to Hosea # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Hosea #### + +1. God tells Hosea to marry Gomer as a picture of Yahweh's relationship with Israel (1:1–3:5) +1. Israel's betrayals, wanderings, and sins; Yahweh's appeals and pleas to return to him (4:1–7:3) +1. Literary devices to explain the conflict between Yahweh and Israel (7:4–13:8) + - Similes: oven, cake, dove, bow (7:4–16) + - Israel's open lies and rebellion (8:1–14) + - Prediction of the end of Israel (9:1–17) + - Similes: grapes, vine, calf, lion, children, birds, and doves (10:1–11:11) + - Destruction caused by Israel's sins and betrayals and broken alliances (11:12–12:1) + - Remembering Israel's history (12:2–13:16) + - Idolatry (13:1–8) +1. Israel is hostile to Yahweh (13:9–16) +1. Yahweh's last appeals to Israel (14:1–9) + +#### What is the Book of Hosea about? #### + +Hosea lived in the northern kingdom of Israel, which he often called Ephraim or Samaria. He lived in the period of time just before Assyria conquered the northern kingdom. + +Hosea begins with the events of 753 BC, just before the death of Jeroboam II, when the kingdom of Israel was at its most powerful. Despite its prosperity, the kingdom of Israel was spiritually weak. Hosea predicts the demise of the kingdom of Israel and witnesses its destruction. The challenges and difficulties that Hosea was instructed to endure were unlike those faced by any other Old Testament prophet. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"The Book of Hosea" may also be called "The Book About Hosea" or "The Sayings of Hosea." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Hosea? #### + +Hosea, son of Beeri, transmitted the messages in the book from God. Hosea prophesied at the same time as Amos, Isaiah, and Micah. They followed the earlier prophets Obadiah, Joel, and Jonah. Hosea lived in the northern kingdom, probably in the city of Samaria. In Hosea 7:5, he refers to the king of the northern kingdom as "our king." The name Hosea means "salvation." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/salvation]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Why did God command Hosea to marry a prostitute? #### + +Hosea's marriage to the prostitute Gomer is a type of metaphor for the kingdom of Israel's relationship to Yahweh. Israel was unfaithful to Yahweh and broke the covenant with him, as a woman who is unfaithful to her husband breaks her marriage agreement with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### What is a lawsuit? #### + +Many cultures have a process for resolving disputes through the use of courts. These legal disputes are called lawsuits. The Book of Hosea contains a number of legal terms, because it pictures Yahweh's accusations against Israel as if a husband were accusing his wife of being unfaithful to him. Part of the book follows the form of a lawsuit. There is a problem that is identified (4:1), someone is accused (4:4), someone is found guilty (4:15), and punishment follows (5:1). + +#### What was the religious environment in the kingdom of Israel? #### + +While Israel was supposed to worship Yahweh alone, they combined the worship of Yahweh with the worship of the Canaanite gods, including the idol named Baal. This was a major cause of God's judgment upon the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What does the phrase "the declaration of Yahweh" mean? #### + +The prophet uses the phrase "the declaration of Yahweh" to mark a message as truly coming from God. + +#### Why are English translations of Hosea very different? #### + +Hosea 4–14 has many problems of interpretation. Some phrases in Hosea are beyond the current understanding we have of the Hebrew language. Many English translations give very different translations for these difficult sections. + +#### What does the term "Israel" mean in Hosea? #### + +In Hosea, "Israel" is used only in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel. It is not used in reference to the southern kingdom or to the two kingdoms together. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/kingdomofisrael]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/01.md b/isa/01/01.md index 90af5f37a9..94c7fe670e 100644 --- a/isa/01/01.md +++ b/isa/01/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## The vision of Isaiah…that he saw ## +# The vision of Isaiah ... that he saw -Verse 1 can be translated as a sentence by starting it with "This is the vision of Isaiah … that Yahweh showed him" or "This is what God showed Isaiah." +"This is the vision of Isaiah ... that Yahweh showed him" or "This is what God showed Isaiah" -## Amoz ## +# Amoz Amoz was the father of Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Judah and Jerusalem ## +# Judah and Jerusalem -"Judah" refers to the southern kingdom of Israel. "Jerusalem" was its most important city. This can be translated as "those living in Judah and Jerusalem" or "the people of Judah and Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Judah" refers to the southern kingdom of Israel. "Jerusalem" was its most important city. The names of the places represent the people who live in them. AT: "those living in Judah and Jerusalem" or "the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. ## +# in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah -This can be translated as "when Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah were kings of Judah." - -## Hear, O heavens, and listen, O earth ## - -Although these prophecies were meant for the people of Jerusalem and Judah to hear, Isaiah told the “heavens” and “earth” to listen to what Yahweh said. By doing this, he emphasized how bad the people were. They were so bad that he was telling the heavens and earth about their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) - -## I have nourished and brought up children ## - -This is what Yahweh was saying. It can be translated as "I have taken care of the people living in Judah like they were my children." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom and refers to the time when each king reigned. They reigned one after the other, not all at the same time. AT: "when Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah were kings of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/02.md b/isa/01/02.md index 2a6ab5af74..75e91d6cf3 100644 --- a/isa/01/02.md +++ b/isa/01/02.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Hear, O heavens, and listen, O earth ## +# General Information: -Although these prophecies were meant for the people of Jerusalem and Judah to hear, Isaiah told the “heavens” and “earth” to listen to what Yahweh said. By doing this, he emphasized how bad the people were. They were so bad that he was telling the heavens and earth about their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## I have nourished and brought up children ## +# Hear, heavens, and give ear, earth -This is what Yahweh was saying. It can be translated as "I have taken care of the people living in Judah like they were my children." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Although these prophecies were meant for the people of Jerusalem and Judah to hear, Isaiah knows they will not listen. Possible meanings are 1) he speaks in apostrophe, as though the "heavens" and "earth" would be able to listen to what Yahweh said, or 2) the words "heavens" and "earth" are metonyms and a merism for all living beings everywhere. AT: "you who live in the heavens ... you who live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## The ox knows his owner, and the donkey his master’s feeding trough, but Israel does not know, Israel does not understand ## +# Yahweh -God is scolding the people of Israel by saying that animals know their masters better than Israel knows their master. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -## the donkey his master’s feeding trough ## +# I have nourished ... does not understand -"the donkey knows his master’s feeding trough." Alternate translation: "the donkey knows where his master gives him food." +Words that Yahweh spoke and which Isaiah is speaking to the Israelites for Yahweh. -## but Israel does not know, Israel does not understand ## +# I have nourished and brought up children + +Yahweh speaks as if his words were food and as if the Israelites were his children. AT: "I have taken care of the people living in Judah like they were my children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the donkey his master's feeding trough + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "the donkey knows his master's feeding trough" or "the donkey knows where his master gives him food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# but Israel does not know, Israel does not understand This probably means "but the people of Israel do not know me, they do not understand that I am the one who cares for them." -## Israel ## +# Israel -This refers to the nation of Israel. The kingdom of Judah was a part of it. \ No newline at end of file +This is a metonym for the people of Israel. Judah is part of what had been the nation of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/04.md b/isa/01/04.md index 4b9cda5832..ec85941142 100644 --- a/isa/01/04.md +++ b/isa/01/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -10 were probably spoken by Isaiah. +# General Information: -## woe ## +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Isaiah is expressing deep concern about Israel's rebellion. +# Nation, sinners -## a people weighed down with iniquity ## +Possible meanings are 1) Isaiah is saying two different things about them. AT: "Nation of Israel, you sinners" or 2) he is saying only one thing about them. AT: "Nation of sinners" -This compares their many sins to something very heavy that a person might carry. Alternate translation: "their sin is like a heavy bag on their shoulders that makes it hard for them to walk." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# a people weighed down with iniquity -## They have abandoned Yahweh ## +Something very heavy that a person might carry is a metaphor for their many sins. AT: "their sin is like a heavy bag on their shoulders that makes it hard for them to walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"They have turned away from Yahweh" +# offspring of evildoers -## they have despised the Holy One of Israel ## +The word "offspring" is a metaphor for people who do what others have done. AT: "people who do the same evil they see others doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"they have rejected the Holy One of Israel" or "they have been disrespectful to the Holy One of Israel" +# act corruptly -## they have estranged themselves from him ## +do evil deeds -"they have separated themselves from him." Alternate translation: "they have treated him as a stranger." \ No newline at end of file +# They have abandoned Yahweh + +"They have gone away from Yahweh" + +# have despised + +"have refused to obey" or "have refused to respect" + +# Israel + +Judah is part of what had been the nation of Israel. + +# they have estranged themselves from him + +Though at one time they were friends, they now treat him as though they do not know him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/05.md b/isa/01/05.md index 1127c969bf..4480f61c44 100644 --- a/isa/01/05.md +++ b/isa/01/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Why are you still being struck? Why do you rebel more and more? ## +# General Information: -Isaiah uses these questions to scold the people of Judah. These could be translated as statements with active verbs: "You keep doing things that Yahweh has to punish you for. You continue to rebel against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]]) +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## you ## +# Why are you still being beaten? Why do you rebel more and more? -Here the word "you" refers to the people who live in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Isaiah uses these questions to scold the people of Judah. The questions can be translated as statements. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "You keep doing things that Yahweh has to punish you for. You continue to rebel against him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The whole head is sick, the whole heart is weak ## +# you -This compares the nation of Israel to a person who has been beaten. Alternate translations: "You are like someone whose head is wounded and whose heart is weak" or "You are like someone whose whole mind and heart are sick." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the word "you" refers to the people who live in Judah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## they have not been closed, cleansed, bandaged, nor treated with oil ## +# The whole head is sick, the whole heart is weak -This can be translated with an active verb: "no one has closed, cleansed, bandaged, or treated them with oil." \ No newline at end of file +This metaphor compares the nation of Israel to a person who has been beaten. AT: "You are like someone whose head is wounded and whose heart is weak" or "You are like someone whose whole mind and heart are sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is no part unharmed + +This can be stated positively. It can also be stated in active form. AT: "every part of you has been harmed" or "someone has harmed every part of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# they have not been closed, cleansed, bandaged, nor treated with oil + +This metaphor compares the punishment God has given Israel to physical wounds. It can be stated in active form. AT: "no one has closed, cleansed, bandaged, or treated them with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/07.md b/isa/01/07.md index d6425ed2f3..69bc2c65e6 100644 --- a/isa/01/07.md +++ b/isa/01/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## your fields–in your presence, strangers are destroying them ## +# General Information: -in your presence, strangers are destroying them** - "People who are not from your own country steal the crops in your fields while you watch" +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## abandoned devastation ## +# Your country is ruined -"empty and devastated." This could be translated as "the land is destroyed and no one lives there." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They have ruined your country" or "Your enemies have ruined your country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## overthrown by strangers ## +# your cities are burned -This can be translated with an active verb: "strangers have overthrown your country" or "a foreign army has completely conquered it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they have burned your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the daughter of Zion ## +# your fields—in your presence, strangers are destroying them -The ”daughter” of a city means the people of the city. Alternate translations: "the people of Zion” or ”the people who live in Zion." +"people who are not from your own country steal the crops from your fields while you watch" -## is left like a hut in a vineyard, like a shed in a garden of cucumbers ## +# abandoned devastation -"is like a hut in a vineyard or a shed in a garden of cucumbers." A "hut" and a "shed" are shelters that farmers built in the field during the harvest season. After the harvest, the farmers left them, and they quickly fell apart. +"empty and devastated." This abstract noun phrase can be expressed as verb phrases. AT: "they have destroyed the land and no one lives there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## like a besieged city ## +# overthrown by strangers -This could be translated as a new sentence: "Her enemies have surrounded the city." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "strangers have overthrown your country" or "a foreign army has completely conquered it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The daughter of Zion is left + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have left the daughter of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The daughter of Zion + +The "daughter" of a city means the people of the city. AT: "The people of Zion" or "The people who live in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# is left like a hut in a vineyard, like a shed in a garden of cucumbers + +Possible meanings are 1) "has become as small as a hut in a vineyard or a shed in a garden of cucumbers" or 2) "is left the way a farmer leaves a hut in a vineyard or a shed in a garden of cucumbers when he is finished with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# like ... cucumbers, like a besieged city + +Another possible meaning is "like ... cucumbers. She is a besieged city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/09.md b/isa/01/09.md index bec2e7c293..6f49009986 100644 --- a/isa/01/09.md +++ b/isa/01/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## a small remnant ## +# General Information: -This can be translated as "a few survivors." +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## If Yahweh ## +# If Yahweh -Verse 9 describes something that could have happened in the past but did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +This describes something that could have happened in the past but did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# a small remnant -"Yahweh, the Leader of the angel armies," +"a few survivors" -## us…we ## +# us ... we Here these words refer to Isaiah and includes all the people of Judah and Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## we would have been like Sodom, we would have been like Gomorrah ## +# we would have been like Sodom, we would have been like Gomorrah -How Judah would have been like Sodom and Gomorrah can be made explicit: "we would have all been destroyed, like the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +How Judah would have been like Sodom and Gomorrah can be made explicit. AT: "God would have destroyed us, like he destroyed the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/10.md b/isa/01/10.md index 7ae36d8123..ea70701722 100644 --- a/isa/01/10.md +++ b/isa/01/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## You rulers of Sodom…you people of Gomorrah ## +# General Information: -Isaiah is comparing the people of Judah to Sodom and Gomorrah to emphasize how sinful they have become. It could be translated as “You rulers who are as sinful as the people of Sodom…you people who are as wicked as those who lived in Gomorrah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## What is the multitude of your sacrifices to me? ## +# you rulers of Sodom ... you people of Gomorrah -God is using a question to scold the people. This could be translated as “Your sacrifices mean nothing to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Isaiah is comparing the people of Judah to Sodom and Gomorrah to emphasize how sinful they have become. AT: "you rulers who are as sinful as the people of Sodom ... you people who are as wicked as those who lived in Gomorrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What is the multitude of your sacrifices to me? + +God is using a question to scold the people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Your many sacrifices mean nothing to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/12.md b/isa/01/12.md index a109d2149b..25270261ad 100644 --- a/isa/01/12.md +++ b/isa/01/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -God continues to speak to the people of Judah. +# General Information: -## who has required this of you, to trample my courts? ## +Isaiah speaks Yahweh's words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -The word "trample" means to step on and crush with one's feet. God is using a question to scold the people who live in Judah. This could be translated as "no one told you to stomp around in my courtyards." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# who has required this of you, to trample my courts? -## Bring no more meaningless offerings ## +The word "trample" means to step on and crush with one's feet. God is using a question to scold the people who live in Judah. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "no one told you to stomp around in my courtyards!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"Do not bring me anymore of your worthless gifts" +# Bring no more meaningless offerings -## Incense is an abomination to me ## +"Do not bring me any more of your worthless gifts" -"I hate the incense the priests burn" +# incense is an abomination to me -## I cannot tolerate these wicked assemblies ## +Here the abstract noun "abomination" can expressed as the verb "hate." AT: "I hate the incense the priests burn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"I cannot endure when you gather together because of the wicked things you do" \ No newline at end of file +# I cannot tolerate these wicked assemblies + +Possible meanings are 1) "I cannot allow you to gather together because of the wicked things you do" or 2) "I cannot allow myself to watch you gather together because of the wicked things you do." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/14.md b/isa/01/14.md index fa65cc3687..77b5f9ffcc 100644 --- a/isa/01/14.md +++ b/isa/01/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -God continues to speak to the people of Judah. +# General Information: -## Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hates ## +Isaiah speaks Yahweh's words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -God refers to himself with the phrase "my soul". This can be translated as "I hate all your new moon celebrations and special feasts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# your new moons and your appointed feasts -## they are a burden to me; I am tired of enduring them ## +The words "new moons" are a metonym for the celebrations of the new moon. They are also a synecdoche for all regular celebrations. AT: "your celebrations of the new moon and your other regular feasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -This compares how God feels about the people's celebrations to carrying a heavy object. It can be translated as “they are a heavy load that I am tired of carrying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# new moons -## I hide my eyes from you ## +A new moon is when the moon first shows light after having been dark. -This is a way of saying "I will not look at you" or "I will not pay attention to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). +# they are a burden to me; I am tired of enduring them -## your hands are full of blood ## +This compares how God feels about the people's celebrations to carrying a heavy object. AT: "they are a heavy load that I am tired of carrying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This is the reason that God will not listen to their prayers. The blood likely refers to violence that they have done against people. Alternate translations: "because it is like your hands are covered with the blood of those you have harmed" or “because your hands are guilty of violence against the weak” or "because you are guilty of violence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I hide my eyes from you + +This idiom is a way of saying "I will not look at you" or "I will not pay attention to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your hands are full of blood + +This is the reason that God will not listen to their prayers. The blood likely refers to violence that they have done against people. AT: "because it is like your hands are covered with the blood of those you have harmed" or "because you are guilty of violence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/16.md b/isa/01/16.md index 44ab77a9e5..a1fafcdff7 100644 --- a/isa/01/16.md +++ b/isa/01/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -God continues to speak to the people of Judah. +# General Information: -## Wash, cleanse yourselves ## +Isaiah speaks Yahweh's words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Here God compares stopping sinning with becoming clean. This can be translated as: “Repent and wash the sin from your heart like you wash the dirt from your body.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Wash, cleanse yourselves -## remove the evil of your deeds from my sight ## +Here God compares a person who stops sinning with one who washes his body. AT: "Repent and wash the sin from your heart like you wash the dirt from your body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -God was not telling them to do their evil deeds somewhere else, but to stop doing them. Alternate translation: "Stop doing the evil deeds that I see you doing." +# remove the evil of your deeds from my sight -## the oppressed ## +God was not telling them to do their evil deeds somewhere else, but to stop doing them. AT: "stop doing the evil deeds that I see you doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"people who are oppressed" or "people who are treated cruelly" +# make straight the oppression -## give justice to the fatherless ## +God speaks of people who oppress others as if they had made crooked something that should be straight, and he calls on them to make that object straight again. The abstract noun "oppression" can be translated as a verb. AT: "make sure that those helpless people you have harmed no longer suffer from the bad things you have done to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# give justice to the fatherless "be fair to the children who do not have fathers" -## defend the widow ## +# defend the widow "protect the women whose husbands have died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/18.md b/isa/01/18.md index 9b7d946fe9..8b4c96cd2c 100644 --- a/isa/01/18.md +++ b/isa/01/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -God continues to speak to the people of Judah. +# General Information: -## let us reason together ## +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Judah. -"let us think about this together" or "let us discuss this." Here the word "us" refers to God and includes the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +# Come now, and let -## though your sins are like scarlet ## +Yahweh graciously and lovingly invites the people to listen to what he is about to say. "Please listen to me. Let" or "Pay attention; I want to help you. Let" -"though your sins are bright red." +# let us reason together -## they will be white like snow ## +"let us think about this together" or "we need to discuss this" or "what are we going to do?" Yahweh invites the people to discuss the future. Here the word "us" refers to Yahweh and includes the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -White is often a symbol for holiness or purity. "Snow" refers to something like frozen rain that is very white. Since this simply to describe something as very white, you could replace it with something else that is white: "white as a seashell" or "white as a dove." This means that they will be forgiven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# though your sins are like scarlet, they will be white like snow; though they are red like crimson, they will be like wool -## though they are red like crimson ## +Isaiah is speaking of the people as if they were wearing clothes that were supposed to be white wool and of their sins as if they were red stains on the clothes. If Yahweh forgives their sins, it will be as if their clothes become white again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"though they are dark red" +# like scarlet -## they will be like wool ## +Scarlet is a bright red color. AT: "bright red" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -How they will be like wool can be made explicit: "They will be white like wool." Wool is the hair of a sheep or goat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# white like snow + +White is often a symbol for holiness or purity. "Snow" refers to something like frozen rain that is very white. Since this simply describes something as very white, you could replace it with something else that is white: "white as a seashell" or "white as a dove." This means that their sins will be forgiven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# red like crimson + +Crimson is a dark red color. AT: "dark red" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like wool + +Wool is the hair of a sheep or goat. How they will be like wool can be made explicit. AT: "white like wool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/19.md b/isa/01/19.md index 7e4433d6bc..103dc0dc9d 100644 --- a/isa/01/19.md +++ b/isa/01/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + God continues to speak to the people of Judah. -## if you are willing and obedient ## +# If you are willing and obedient -Here, “willing” and “obedient” are used together to express one idea. Alternate translation: “if you willingly obey.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) +Here, "willing" and "obedient" are used together to express one idea. AT: "If you willingly obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) -## you will eat the good of the land ## +# you will eat the good of the land "the land will produce good food for you to eat" -## but if you refuse and rebel ## +# but if you refuse and rebel "but if you refuse to listen and instead disobey me" -## the sword will devour you ## +# the sword will devour you -The word “sword” refers to Judah's enemies. Also, the word “devour” compares Judah's enemies coming to kill them to a wild animal that attacks and eats other animals. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will kill you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "sword" refers to Judah's enemies. Also, the word "devour" compares Judah's enemies coming to kill them to a wild animal that attacks and eats other animals. AT: "your enemies will kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the mouth of Yahweh has spoken it ## +# the mouth of Yahweh has spoken it -The word “mouth” emphasizes that Yahweh has spoken and what he says will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has spoken” or "Yahweh has said that this will happen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "mouth" emphasizes that Yahweh has spoken and what he says will certainly happen. AT: "Yahweh has spoken" or "Yahweh has said that this will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/21.md b/isa/01/21.md index 9f28e2bb2a..06f2ca8a95 100644 --- a/isa/01/21.md +++ b/isa/01/21.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -20]]. Isaiah is the speaker in 1:21-23. +# General Information: -## How the faithful city has become a prostitute ## +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This exclamation shows Isaiah's anger and sadness about the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "See how the people of Jerusalem who had been loyal to God have become a prostitute." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# How the faithful city -## has become a prostitute ## +This exclamation shows Isaiah's anger and sadness about the people of Jerusalem. AT: "See how the people of Jerusalem, who had been faithful to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Isaiah compared the people to a woman who is not loyal to her husband but who sleeps with other men for money. The people were no longer loyal to God but were worshiping false gods. Alternate translation: "acted like a prostitute." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# has become a prostitute -## she who was full of justice ## +Isaiah compared the people to a woman who is not loyal to her husband but who sleeps with other men for money. The people were no longer loyal to God but were worshiping false gods. AT: "acts like a prostitute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The word "she" refers to Jerusalem and its people. In the Bible, cities are often referred to as women. Alternate translation: "the people of Jerusalem were fair and did what was right." +# She who was full of justice -## but now she is full of murderers ## +The word "she" refers to Jerusalem and its people. Those who wrote the Bible often refer to cities as women. AT: "The people of Jerusalem were fair and did what was right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"but now they are murderers" +# but now she is full of murderers -## Your silver has become impure, your wine mixed with water ## +The word "she" refers to Jerusalem and its people. Those who wrote the Bible often refer to cities as women. AT: "but now the people of Jerusalem are murderers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Isaiah compared the sinful people of Jerusalem to two things that were good but were now ruined. Alternate translation: "You are like silver that is no longer pure, and like wine that is mixed with water." \ No newline at end of file +# Your silver has become impure, your wine mixed with water + +Possible meanings are that Isaiah uses silver and wine as metaphors for 1) the people of Jerusalem. AT: "You are like silver that is no longer pure, and like wine that is mixed with water," or 2) the good deeds that the people formerly did. AT: "You used to do good deeds, but now your bad deeds make your good deeds worthless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# silver ... impure + +Someone needs to clean silver often or it will no longer shine brightly. + +# wine ... water + +Wine with water in it has little taste and so is no better than water. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/23.md b/isa/01/23.md index 54aaafdb7c..4fcdcdc0ae 100644 --- a/isa/01/23.md +++ b/isa/01/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Your princes are rebels ## +# General Information: + +Isaiah speaks Yahweh's words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Your princes are rebels "Your leaders rebel against God" -## companions of thieves ## +# companions of thieves "they are friends with people who steal from others" -## everyone loves bribes and runs after payoffs ## +# bribes ... payoffs -These are two different ways of saying the same thing to emphasize how wicked the leaders were. Alternate translation: "They all are happy to lie and make bad decisions if someone will pay them enough money." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +People give "bribes" as gifts to dishonest rulers so the rulers will then act unjustly. Rulers receive "payoffs" as gifts from those who make profits from unjust laws that the ruler has passed. -## they do not defend the fatherless ## +# runs after payoffs + +A person eagerly desiring for someone to give him a bribe is spoken of as if the payoff were running away and the person were running after it. AT: "everyone desires for someone to pay money to them to make dishonest decisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They do not defend the fatherless "they do not protect those who do not have fathers" -## nor does the widow's legal plea come before them ## +# nor does the widow's legal plea come before them -"nor do they listen when widows go to them for help" or "and they do not help widows who go to them for help" \ No newline at end of file +"nor do they listen when widows go to them for help against those who break the law" or "and they do not help widows who go to them for help against those who break the law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/24.md b/isa/01/24.md index 239002e37b..2756e322f5 100644 --- a/isa/01/24.md +++ b/isa/01/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## "Therefore" ## +# General Information: + +Isaiah begins to speak Yahweh's words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Therefore "For that reason" -## this is the declaration of the Lord ## +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh of hosts, the Mighty One of Israel -"declares the Lord" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh of hosts, the Mighty One of Israel, has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, the Mighty One of Israel, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## I will take vengeance against my adversaries, and avenge myself against my enemies ## +# I will take vengeance against my adversaries, and avenge myself against my enemies -Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "I will punish those who opposed me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. The words "take vengeance against my adversaries" speak more of Yahweh doing whatever he needs to do to those who work against him so he can be happy. The words "avenge myself against my enemies" speak more of Yahweh justly punishing his enemies. AT: "I will punish those who opposed me" or "I will do what pleases me to those who work against me, and I will justly punish my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## I will turn my hand against you ## +# I will turn my hand against you -Here "hand" refers to God's power which he would use to punish his people. Alternate translation: "I will turn my power against you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "hand" refers to God's power which he would use to punish his people. AT: "I will begin to use all my power against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## refine away your dross, and take away all of your impurities ## +# refine away your dross as with lye -This is what God would do. God compared removing the sin from his people to using fire to remove dirt from silver. Alternate translation: "and like fire removing the filth from silver, I will remove all the evil from among you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the process in which God removes his people's sin is spoken of as if her were separating metal from the bad things mixed with it. The words "as with lye" adds another metaphor, because lye is used in soap, not in refining metal. AT: "and like fire removing the dirt from silver, I will remove all the evil from among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dross + +This is the dirt and other things that people remove from metals so the metal will be pure. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/26.md b/isa/01/26.md index b4e561f0ae..55dfae5a2b 100644 --- a/isa/01/26.md +++ b/isa/01/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -God continues speaking to the people of Judah and Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## you will be called ## +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This can be translated with an active verb: "people will call you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] +# at the first ... at the beginning -## the city of righteousness, a faithful town ## +These are two ways of speaking of the first part or beginning of Israel's history, when Israel first became a nation. -Here "city" and "town" refer to the people living in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "the city where the people are righteous and loyal to God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# you will be called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will call you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the city of righteousness, a faithful town + +Here "city" and "town" refer to the people living in Jerusalem. AT: "the city where the people are righteous and loyal to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/27.md b/isa/01/27.md index 9e891c5b3d..012f07d245 100644 --- a/isa/01/27.md +++ b/isa/01/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -26]]. Isaiah 1:27-28 is probably Isaiah writing to the people of Judah. +# General Information: -## Zion will be redeemed by justice, and her repentant ones by righteousness ## +Isaiah speaks Yahweh's words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This can be translated with active verbs. There are two possible meanings: 1) "God will redeem Zion because they do what is just, and he will redeem those who repent because they do what is right before him" or 2) God will redeem Zion because he is just, and he will redeem those who repent because he is righteous." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Zion will be redeemed by justice, and her repentant ones by righteousness -## Zion ## +This can be stated in active form. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh will redeem Zion because the people there do what is just, and he will redeem those who repent because they do what Yahweh says is right" or 2) "Yahweh will redeem Zion because he is just, and he will redeem those who repent because he is righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -This refers to the people who live in Jerusalem. It can be translated as “those living in Zion.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Zion -## Rebels and sinners will be crushed together ## +This is a metonym for the people who live on Mount Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This can be translated with an active verb: "God will destroy those who rebel and sin against him." +# Rebels and sinners will be crushed together -## those who abandon Yahweh will be done away with ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will destroy those who rebel and sin against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This can be translated with an active verb: "And Yahweh will completely do away with those who turn away from him" or "And Yahweh will kill all who reject him." \ No newline at end of file +# those who abandon Yahweh will be done away with + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and Yahweh will completely do away with those who turn away from him" or "and Yahweh will kill all who reject him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/29.md b/isa/01/29.md index dca43a5951..9d7e4fccdd 100644 --- a/isa/01/29.md +++ b/isa/01/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -31 is spoken to the people of Judah and Jerusalem. It is probably God speaking. +# General Information: -## the sacred oak trees...gardens ## +Isaiah speaks Yahweh's words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the sacred oak trees ... gardens These phrases refer to places where the people of Judah worshiped idols. -## embarrassed by ## +# you will be embarrassed by -"disgraced because of" +Some versions read, "you will blush because of." A person blushes when his face turns hot and red, often because he feels that he has done something wrong. -## For you will be like an oak whose leaf fades, and like a garden that has no water ## +# For you will be like an oak whose leaf fades, and like a garden that has no water -The people who were worshiping false gods were being compared to a tree or garden that is dying because it is cut off from what gives it life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Water gives life to trees and gardens. The people have cut themselves off from Yahweh, who gives them life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/31.md b/isa/01/31.md index bb732dd363..d1a730fc24 100644 --- a/isa/01/31.md +++ b/isa/01/31.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Isaiah 1:31 is probably a continuation of God speaking. +# General Information: -## The strong man ## +Isaiah speaks Yahweh's words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# The strong man "The strong person" or "Whoever is powerful." This may refer to people who are important and who influence other people. -## will be like tinder ## +# tinder -Here, the powerful person is compared to material that is easily broken and burned. Alternate translation: "will be like kindling for a fire." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +dry material that burns easily -## tinder ## +# his work like a spark -dry material that is used to start a fire - -## and his work like a spark ## - -This compares the person's deeds or evil works to a spark that sets the tinder on fire. Alternate translation: "His work will be like the small flame that starts the fire." \ No newline at end of file +This compares the person's deeds or evil works to a spark that falls on tinder and sets it on fire. AT: "his work will be like a spark that starts a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/intro.md b/isa/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bd4d9728e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Isaiah 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:2-31, which is a vision Isaiah receives. These are the words of Yahweh. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Woe ##### +The prophecy of this chapter serves as a warning to the people of the kingdom of Judah. If they do not change their evil ways, Yahweh will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]], [[:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are many vivid metaphors used to describe Judah's sin. Their sin is described as a sickness that spreads. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Yahweh uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince the people of Judah of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Isaiah intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/01.md b/isa/02/01.md index 998ba384b7..339122fd43 100644 --- a/isa/02/01.md +++ b/isa/02/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Judah and Jerusalem ## +# General Information: -“those living in Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## In the latter days ## +# Judah and Jerusalem -"In the future" +"Judah" and "Jerusalem" are metonyms for the people who live there. AT: "those living in Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the mountain of Yahweh's house will be established ## +# in the last days -This can be translated with an active verb: "Yahweh will establish the mountain on which his temple is built" +"in the future" -## as the highest of the mountains ## +# the mountain of Yahweh's house will be established -This means that it will be the most important of the mountains. +This can be stated 1) as a description. AT: "The mountain of Yahweh's house will stand" or 2) in active form. AT: "Yahweh will establish the mountain on which his temple is built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and will be exalted above the hills ## +# as the highest of the mountains -This can be translated with an active verb: "and Yahweh will honor it more than any other hill." ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Isaiah speaks of importance as if it were physical height. AT: "the most important of the mountains" or "the most important place in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and all nations ## +# it will be raised up above the hills -"and people from all nations" +Isaiah speaks of honor in metaphor as if it were physical height. This can be stated 1) in active form. AT: "Yahweh will honor it more than any other hill" or 2) as a metonym for the people who worship there. AT: "Yahweh will honor the people who worship there more than he honors any other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## will flow to it ## +# all the nations -The people around the world going to the mountain of Yahweh is compared to how a river flows. This emphasizes that many people will come not just a few people. Alternate translations: "will flow like a river to it" or "will go to it" (UDB) or "will go in great crowds to it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "nations" is a metonym for the people of those nations. AT: "people from all the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will flow to it + +The people around the world going to the mountain of Yahweh is compared to how a river flows. This emphasizes that many people will come, not just a few people. AT: "will flow like a river to it" or "will go to it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/03.md b/isa/02/03.md index 9ff05ec25d..f5bb7cf857 100644 --- a/isa/02/03.md +++ b/isa/02/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## he will teach us some of his ways, and we may walk in his paths ## +# General Information: -"he will teach us his will so that we may obey him" +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## for out of Zion will go the law ## +# Jacob, so he may teach ... and we may walk -"for the law will go out from Zion." Alternate translations: "They will teach the law in Zion" or "they will hear the law in Zion" +Another possible meaning is "Jacob. He will teach ... and we will walk" -## and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem ## +# he may teach us some of his ways, and we may walk in his paths -"and the word of Yahweh will go out from Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) They will proclaim Yahweh's message in Jerusalem. +The words "ways" and "paths" are metaphors for the way a person lives. If your language has only one word for the ground on which people walk, you may combine these phrases. AT: "he may teach us his will so that we may obey him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for out of Zion will go the law, and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem ## +# For out of Zion will go the law, and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem -"People in Zion will teach God's law, and people in Jerusalem will teach the word of Yahweh." These phrases mean the same thing. Isaiah was emphasizing that all nations will understand that the truth is found in Jerusalem. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These phrases mean the same thing. Isaiah was emphasizing that all nations will understand that the truth is found in Jerusalem. AT: "People in Zion will teach God's law, and people in Jerusalem will teach the word of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For out of Zion will go the law + +"For the law will go out from Zion." Isaiah speaks as if the law were something like a river that moves without people doing anything. AT: "Those to whom they teach the law will go out from Zion" or "Yahweh will proclaim his law from Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem + +"the word of Yahweh will go out from Jerusalem." Isaiah speaks as if the word of Yahweh were something like a river that moves without people doing anything. You can make clear the understood information. AT: "Those to whom they teach the word of Yahweh will go out from Jerusalem" or "Yahweh will proclaim his word from Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/04.md b/isa/02/04.md index d4d5296804..a67425677e 100644 --- a/isa/02/04.md +++ b/isa/02/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## He will judge ## +# General Information: + +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He will judge "Yahweh will judge" -## will render decisions ## +# will render decisions "will solve disputes" -## they will hammer their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning-hooks ## +# they will hammer their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks -hooks** - The people of the nations will turn their weapons of war into tools for farming. +The people of the nations will turn their weapons of war into tools for farming. -## they will hammer their swords into plowshares ## +# swords ... spears ... sword -A plowshare is a blade that people use to dig into soil so they can plant seeds there. Alternate translation: “they will make their swords into plow blades" +These words are synecdoches for weapons of any kind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## and their spears into pruning-hooks ## +# plowshares ... pruning hooks -hooks** - "they will hammer their spears into pruning hooks." A pruning-hook is a knife that people use to cut off branches from a plant. Alternate translation: “they will make their spears into pruning knives." +These words are synecdoches for tools of any kind that people use in peaceful activity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## lift up sword ## +# they will hammer their swords into plowshares -Alternate translation: "fight." \ No newline at end of file +"they will make their swords into tools for planting seeds." A plowshare is a blade that people use to dig into soil so they can plant seeds there. + +# their spears into pruning hooks + +"they will hammer their spears into pruning hooks" or "they will make their spears into tools for caring for plants." A pruning hook is a knife that people use to cut unwanted branches off of plants. + +# nation will not lift up sword against nation + +"no nation will lift up its sword against another nation." The sword is a metonym for war. AT: "one nation will not fight wars against another nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# nor will they train for war + +"nor will they even train to fight wars." The writer expects his reader to believe that those who fight wars train before they fight and that some who train do not fight. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/05.md b/isa/02/05.md index 136e539e00..9e86bc7d3c 100644 --- a/isa/02/05.md +++ b/isa/02/05.md @@ -1,26 +1,31 @@ -In 2:5 Isaiah was speaking to the people of Israel. -In 2:6 Isaiah was speaking to God. +# General Information: -## O house of Jacob ## +In 2:5 Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah, and in 2:6 he speaks to Yahweh. Both times he speaks in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"you descendants of Jacob" (UDB) or "You people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# House of Jacob -## For you have abandoned your people ## +"You descendants of Jacob." The word "house" is a metonym for the people who live in the house, the family. Here "Jacob" represents the nation of Judah, but it would be best to use "Jacob" here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"For you have rejected your people" or "For you have left your people." Here the word "you" refers to Yahweh. +# come -## they are filled with customs from the east ## +a gentle encouragement to do what the speaker is about to tell the hearer to do -"they act like the people who live in lands east of Israel and do not know God" +# let us walk in the light of Yahweh -## omen readers ## +Isaiah speaks of people learning and then doing what Yahweh wants them to do as if they were walking at night with a lamp that Yahweh has provided so they can see the path. AT: "let us learn how Yahweh wants us to live and then live that way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"sooth sayers" or "diviners." This refers to people who claim to know what will happen the future. +# For you have abandoned your people -## and they shake hands with sons of foreigners ## +"For you have left your people" and do not care what happens to them. Here the word "you" refers to Yahweh and so is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -Alternate translation: "they make agreements with people who are not from Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# they are filled with customs from the east -## they worship the craftsmanship of their own hands, things that their own fingers have made. ## +Isaiah speaks as if the people were containers who were full of something from the east. Possible meanings are that he speaks of 1) the deeds that the eastern peoples do. AT: "they do all the time the evil things the people who live in lands east of Israel do" or 2) people, specifically those who claim to speak to dead people, who have come from the east to do evil deeds. AT: "many diviners have come from the east and now live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "they worship things that they themselves have made." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# omen readers + +people who claim that they can tell the future by looking at things like animal parts and leaves + +# they shake hands with sons of foreigners + +Clasping hands together is the symbol of friendship and peace. AT: "they make peace and work together with people who are not from Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/07.md b/isa/02/07.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c284509ba7 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/02/07.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + +Isaiah speaks to Yahweh in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Their land is full of silver ... their land also is full of horses ... Their land also is full of idols + +Isaiah speaks as if the land were a container in which someone had placed silver, horses, and idols. The word "land" is a metonym for the people themselves, and the words "is full of" is a metaphor for the people possessing these items. AT: "They possess much silver ... they also possess many horses ... They also possess many idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the craftsmanship of their own hands, things that their own fingers have made + +These two phrases mean almost the same thing and emphasize that these are not real gods. If your language has no general word for something someone has made, you can combine these two phrases into one. AT: "things that they themselves have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# craftsmanship of their own hands + +The word "hands" is a synecdoche for the people themselves. AT: "their own craftsmanship" or "their own work" or "things they have made with their hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# things that their own fingers have made + +The word "fingers" is a synecdoche for the people themselves. AT: "things that they have made with their own fingers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/09.md b/isa/02/09.md index fe0f089685..f9f03cafb9 100644 --- a/isa/02/09.md +++ b/isa/02/09.md @@ -1,37 +1,51 @@ -11 Isaiah was speaking to the people. +# General Information: -## The people will be bowed down, and individuals will fall down ## +In 2:9 Isaiah finishes speaking to Yahweh. In 2:10-11 Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah. Both times he speaks in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -The phrases "the people" and "individuals" used together means "all people." Alternate translation: "Every person will be made to bow down and be humbled." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +# The people will be bowed down, and individuals will fall down -## therefore do not forgive them ## +Here being low to the ground represents people who are completely humiliated because they realize all they trusted in is worthless, and they can do nothing to help themselves. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will make the people ashamed, and they will realize that all they trusted in is worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Here Isaiah is talking to Yahweh. +# The people -## Go into the rocky places ## +human beings, as opposed to animals -Here Isaiah is again talking to the people of Judah. +# individuals -## hide in the ground ## +"each person" -"hide in the holes in the ground" +# do not raise them up -## from the terror of Yahweh ## +The words "raise them up" are a metaphor for Yahweh forgiving the people. AT: "do not forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Alternate translations: "to get away from Yahweh's terrifying presence" or "from Yahweh because you will be extremely afraid of him" +# Go into the rocky places -## the glory of his majesty ## +Possible meanings are the people should go into 1) caves on steep hillsides or 2) places where there are many large rocks among which to hide. -Alternate translation: "his awesome power" or "his great power" +# hide in the ground -## The lofty gaze of man will be brought low, and the pride of men will be brought down ## +Possible meanings are that the people should hide 1) in natural holes in the ground or 2) in pits that they dig in the ground. -Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing and are used for emphasis. This could be translated with an active verb: “He will make every prideful person humble." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# from the terror of Yahweh -## Yahweh alone will be exalted ## +Here the abstract noun "terror" can be expressed by the verb "terrifying." AT: "to get away from Yahweh's terrifying presence" or "from Yahweh because you will be extremely afraid of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -This can be translated with an active verb: "people will praise only Yahweh." +# the glory of his majesty -## on that day ## +"the great beauty and power he has as king" or "his royal splendor." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:10](./09.md). -This refers to the time when Yahweh will judge all people. Translation alternate: “on the day that Yahweh comes to judge everyone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# The lofty gaze of man will be brought low + +"Yahweh will bring down the lofty gaze of man." A man with a "lofty gaze" is looking above everyone to show them that he is better than they are. Here all people are guilty of thinking they are better than Yahweh, and the way they look at those who worship Yahweh, is a metonym for their pride. AT: "Yahweh will make ashamed all people because they think they are better than he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the pride of men will be brought down + +"The pride of men" is a metonym for proud people, and being "brought down" is a metaphor for being humbled or ashamed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will bring down proud men" or "Yahweh will make proud people ashamed of themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh alone will be exalted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will praise only Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on that day + +This is an idiom. AT: "on the day that Yahweh judges everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/12.md b/isa/02/12.md index 47b08a2585..fb8f36aa58 100644 --- a/isa/02/12.md +++ b/isa/02/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## against everyone who is proud and raised up, and against everyone who arrogant ## +# General Information: -The words "proud, "raised up," and "arrogant" all mean the same thing. Alternate translation: "against every person who is proud." +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## and he will be brought down ## +# who is proud and raised up -"and every proud person will be brought down." This can be translated with an active verb: "Yahweh will humble him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +One who is "raised up" is proud and considers himself better than other people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "who is proud and who raises himself above other people" or "who is proud and thinks that he is better than other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and against the cedars of Lebanon…the oaks of Bashan ## +# who is proud ... who is arrogant -The "day of Yahweh of Hosts" will be against the cedars and oaks. Possible meanings are 1) these trees refer to the proud people that God will judge or 2) God will actually destroy these mighty trees. \ No newline at end of file +Someone who is arrogant speaks and acts as if he is better than other people. These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize that Yahweh will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# he will be brought down + +"every proud person will be brought down." This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will humble him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# against all the cedars of Lebanon ... against all the oaks of Bashan + +The "day of Yahweh of Hosts" will be against the cedars and oaks. Possible meanings are 1) these trees are a metaphor for the proud people whom God will judge or 2) God will actually destroy these mighty trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/14.md b/isa/02/14.md index fa0b4df455..d17ed5a1ed 100644 --- a/isa/02/14.md +++ b/isa/02/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -Isaiah continues to describe what will happen on the day of Yahweh of Hosts. (See: [Isaiah 2:12](./12.md).) +# General Information: -## and against ## +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. He continues to describe what will happen on the day of Yahweh of Hosts ([Isaiah 2:12](./12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -In 2:14-16 Isaiah lists things that God will destroy. Possible meanings are 1) These refer to prideful people that God will humble or 2) God will actually destroy all these things in the list. +# against -## high mountains...and hills ## +In 2:14-16 Isaiah lists things that God will destroy. Possible meanings are 1) these refer to prideful people that God will humble or 2) God will actually destroy all these things in the list. -People often built their cities on mountains or hills to help protect them from enemies. Also, people believed their false gods lived on mountains and large hills so they would go there to worship. +# mountains ... hills -## high tower...impregnable wall ## +These words are metaphors for the pride of the Israelites. They also appear in [Isaiah 2:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -These refer to things built around a city to defend the people living in it from their enemies. +# that are lifted up -## ships of Tarshish...beautiful sailing vessels ## +This is an idiom. AT: "that are very high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -These refer to large boats that people used to travele far on the sea and bring back riches to the cities. \ No newline at end of file +# high tower ... impregnable wall + +These refer to things people would build around their cities so they could defend themselves against their enemies. They are a metaphor for the Israelites' pride and belief that they had no need for Yahweh and could stand against any punishment Yahweh would mete out to them for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# impregnable wall + +"wall that nothing can break down or go through" + +# ships of Tarshish ... beautiful sailing vessels + +These refer to large boats that people used to travel far on the sea and bring back goods to the cities. + +# ships of Tarshish + +"ships on which they go to Tarshish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/17.md b/isa/02/17.md index ca6b95edee..df3a86af12 100644 --- a/isa/02/17.md +++ b/isa/02/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -Isaiah continues to describe what will happen on the day of Yahweh. +# General Information: -## The pride of man will be brought low and the haughtiness of men will fall ## +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. He continues to describe what will happen on the day of Yahweh of Hosts ([Isaiah 2:12](./12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing and are used for emphasis. This could be translated with an active verb: “He will make every prideful person humble." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# The pride of man will be brought low -## Yahweh alone will be exalted ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will bring low every proud man" or "He will humiliate every proud man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:9](./09.md). +# the haughtiness of men will fall -## The idols will completely pass away ## +The abstract noun "haughtiness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "those people who are haughty will stop being haughty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"All idols will disappear" (UDB) or "There will be no more idols" +# Yahweh alone will be exalted -## from before the terror of Yahweh, and from the splendor of his majesty ## +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:11](./09.md). AT: "people will praise only Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -See how this was translated in [Isaiah 2:9](./09.md). +# The idols will completely pass away -## when he rises to terrify the earth ## +"All idols will disappear" or "There will be no more idols" -This can be translated as "when Yahweh causes the people of the earth to be terribly afraid of him." \ No newline at end of file +# Men will go ... from the terror + +The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Men will go ... to hide from the terror" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the caves of the rocks + +"the caves in the rocks." These are large rocks, not small stones that can be held in the hand. + +# from the terror of Yahweh, and from the glory of his majesty + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:10](./09.md). + +# from the terror of Yahweh + +because they are very afraid of Yahweh + +# the glory of his majesty + +Here the word "glory" describes "majesty." AT: "the beauty he has as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# when he rises to terrify the earth + +"when Yahweh takes action and causes the people of the earth to be terribly afraid of him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/20.md b/isa/02/20.md index 13f1e14efd..c5d221ebe1 100644 --- a/isa/02/20.md +++ b/isa/02/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -Isaiah continues to describe what will happen on the day of Yahweh. +# General Information: -## to the moles and bats ## +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. He continues to describe what will happen on the day of Yahweh of Hosts ([Isaiah 2:12](./12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Moles are small animals that dig and live underground. Bats are small flying animals that sometimes live in caves. Alternate translation: "to the animals." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# to the moles and bats -## from the terror of Yahweh and from the glory of his majesty ## +Moles are small animals that dig and live underground. Bats are small flying animals that sometimes live in caves. AT: "to the animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -See how this was translated in [Isaiah 2:9](./09.md). +# the crevices in the rocks ... the clefts of the ragged rocks -## when he rises to terrify the earth ## +If your language does not have two different words for "crevice" and "cleft," the space that appears between the two parts of a rock when it splits, you can combine these two phrases into one. -See how this was translated in [Isaiah 2:17](./17.md). +# from the terror of Yahweh -## whose life-breath is in his nostrils ## +because they are very afraid of Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:19](./17.md). -breath is in his nostrils** - This means that humans are weak. We rely on breathing, and if we do not breathe, we will die. Alternate translation: "who are mortal and will die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# the glory of his majesty -## for what does he amount to ## +"the great beauty and power he has as king" or "his royal majesty." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:10](./09.md). -Isaiah uses a question to remind the people of something they should already know. Alternate translation: "Man amounts to nothing!" or "Man is not worth anything" or "How can people help you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# when he rises to terrify the earth + +"when Yahweh takes action and causes the people of the earth to be terribly afraid of him." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:19](./17.md). + +# whose life-breath is in his nostrils + +This describes how man is human and weak by emphasizing that he needs to breath to live. AT: "who is weak and will die" or "who needs the breath in his nose to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# nostrils + +the holes in the nose through which people breathe + +# for what does he amount to? + +Isaiah uses a question to remind the people of something they should already know. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "for man amounts to nothing!" or "for man is not worth anything!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/02/intro.md b/isa/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dc35cb10d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Isaiah 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:2-3:26, which is a vision Isaiah receives. These are the words of Yahweh. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Latter days ##### +This is probably a reference to the "last days." This makes parts of this prophecy reference events near the end of this world. Most scholars expect these prophecies to be fulfilled by Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +##### Idolatry ##### +While the first prophecy of Isaiah concerned the lack of justice in Judah, this chapter focuses on the presence of idolatry in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/01.md b/isa/03/01.md index 06c9dfabc2..ded9288300 100644 --- a/isa/03/01.md +++ b/isa/03/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## See ## +# See -The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as "Listen" or "Indeed." +The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as "Listen" or "Indeed." -## your support and staff ## +# support and staff -This can also be translated as "everything that supports you" or “everything that you depend on” (UDB) +Both of these words refer to a walking stick, on which someone leans for support. This idea here stands for the things that people need the most in order to live: food and water. AT: "everything that supports you" or "everything that you depend on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## staff ## +# the mighty man ... the skillful enchanter -"walking stick" +This is a list of categories of people that others depend on. Since they do not refer to particular individuals, they can all be translated with plural nouns as in the UDB. AT: "the mighty men ... the skillful enchanters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## the mighty man, the warrior ## +# omen reader -This is the beginning of a list of categories of people that others depend on. Since they do not refer to particular individuals, they can also be translated with plural nouns: "the mighty men, the warriors." +These are people who claim that they can tell the future by looking at things like animal parts and leaves. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:6](../02/05.md). -## omen reader ## +# the captain of fifty -See how this was translated in [Isaiah 2:5](../02/05.md). +Possible meanings are 1) the word "fifty" represents the exact amount of soldiers that the captain led. AT: "the captains of 50 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "fifty" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a small military unit. AT: "the captain of a small military unit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the captain of fifty ## - -"the captain who is in charge of fifty soldiers." This can also be translated as "the army officer" or "the military leader." - -## fifty ## +# fifty "50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/04.md b/isa/03/04.md index c016820052..604e915acf 100644 --- a/isa/03/04.md +++ b/isa/03/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## I will place mere youths ## +# I will place mere youths as their leaders, and the young will rule over them -Here the word "I" refers to Yahweh. This can also be translated as "He will appoint boys" (UDB) or "The Lord says 'I will place mere youths'." +These phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) "I will place young people as their leaders, and those young people will rule over them" or 2) "youths" is a metaphor for simple and foolish men. AT: "I will place over them leaders who are immature, like young people, and those bad leaders will rule over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will place mere youths as their leaders, and the young will rule over them ## +# I will place mere youths -These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that bad leaders will rule Judah. God was comparing the leaders with "youths" and "the young." This means their leaders would act like children and their bad decisions would cause harm to Judah. This could be translated as "I will allow men who act like children to be their leaders." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the word "I" refers to Yahweh. This can also be stated clearly. AT: "Yahweh says, 'I will place mere youths as their leaders'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The people will be oppressed, every one by another, and every one by his neighbor ## +# The people will be oppressed, every one by another, and every one by his neighbor -This can be translated with an active verb: "Everyone will be cruel to others and will mistreat his neighbor." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Everyone will be cruel to others and will mistreat his neighbor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the degraded ## +# the degraded -"the people who are without honor" +"the people who are without honor" or "the people whom no one respects" -## the honorable ## +# the honorable -"the people with honor" \ No newline at end of file +"the people with honor" or "the people whom everyone respects" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/06.md b/isa/03/06.md index 1b7a80f90f..ce7cf48bc7 100644 --- a/isa/03/06.md +++ b/isa/03/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## let this ruin be under your charge ## +# let this ruin be in your hands -"Take charge of this ruin" or "Rule over this ruin." +Here "hands" represents authority. AT: "take charge of this ruin" or "rule over this ruin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## this ruin ## +# this ruin -This can be translated as "this city, which is now a pile of ruins" (UDB) or "this place that has been destroyed." +Possible meanings are 1) many or most of the buildings in the city of Jerusalem were destroyed or 2) the people in Jerusalem have no more prosperity or leadership. AT: "this city, which is now ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will not be a healer ## +# I will not be a healer -This can be translated as "No, I cannot fix this problem," or "No, I cannot help you" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +Solving the people's troubles is spoken of as if it were healing them. AT: "No, I cannot fix this problem" or "No, I cannot help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/08.md b/isa/03/08.md index d1ca39fd89..e1fb4eb186 100644 --- a/isa/03/08.md +++ b/isa/03/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## For Jerusalem is ruined, and Judah has fallen ## +# Connecting Statement: -Often in prophecy things that will happen in the future are described as something that has already happened. This emphasizes that these things will certainly happen. This can be translated as "For Jerusalem will certainly come to ruin, and Judah will certainly fall" or "God will cause Jerusalem and Judah to be destroyed." +The prophet begins to comment on this situation. -## The look on their faces witnesses against them ## +# Jerusalem has stumbled, and Judah has fallen -"The prideful looks on their faces show that they oppose Yahweh." +Disobeying God is spoken of as if it were stumbling and falling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they tell of their sin like Sodom; they do not hide it ## +# the eyes of his glory -Here God compares the people of Judah with the people of Sodom who were not ashamed of their sin. This could be translated as “like the people of Sodom, they talk about their sins and let everyone see them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "the eyes" stands for God himself, who is glorious. AT: "him who is glorious" or "Yahweh who is glorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The look on their faces witnesses against them + +Expressions of arrogance on people's faces are spoken of as if the expressions were persons who could testify against the proud people. AT: "The prideful looks on their faces show that they oppose Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# they tell of their sin like Sodom; they do not hide it + +Here the people of Judah are said to be like the people of Sodom, because they openly boasted about their sins. AT: "like the people of Sodom, they talk about their sins and let everyone know about them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# For they have completed a catastrophe for themselves + +The catastrophe is still coming, but the people have finished doing what will cause it to come. The catastrophe's causes are spoken of here as if they were the catastrophe itself. AT: "For they have done everything that will cause a catastrophe to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/10.md b/isa/03/10.md index d9a1949c2b..df27221ac5 100644 --- a/isa/03/10.md +++ b/isa/03/10.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking. +# Tell the righteous person that it will be well -## Tell the righteous that it will be well with him ## +"Tell the one who is doing what is right that I will make things good for him" -"Tell those who are doing what is right that I will make things good for them" +# the righteous person -## for they will eat the fruit of their deeds ## +This refers to righteous people in general. AT: "righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -"for they will receive their reward for their good deeds" or "for they will receive their reward for the good things they have done." +# for they will eat the fruit of their deeds -## for what his hands have dealt out he will receive ## +Deeds are spoken of as if they were trees giving fruit that can be eaten. The fruit stands for the reward for doing good deeds. AT: "for they will receive their reward for their good deeds" or "for they will receive their reward for the good things they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"for what the wicked person has done to others will be done to him." +# they will eat the fruit of their deeds -## children are their oppressors ## +The Hebrew text has these plural pronouns here, but they refer to any righteous person. Translators can choose to translate them as singular: "he will eat the fruit of his deeds." -Possible meanings are 1) "Young people have become their leaders and they oppress the people" or 2) "Their leaders are immature like children and oppress the people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# for the recompense of his hands will be done to him -## women rule over them ## +Here "hands" stands for the deeds that the person has done. AT: "for what the wicked person has done to others will be done to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# My people ... My people + +Possible meanings are 1) Isaiah is talking and "My" refers to Isaiah, or 2) Yahweh is talking and "My" refers to Yahweh. + +# children are their oppressors + +Possible meanings are 1) "young people have become their leaders and they oppress the people" or 2) "their leaders are immature like children and oppress the people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# women rule over them Possible meanings are 1) "women rule over the people" or 2) "their leaders are weak like women." -## your leaders lead you astray and confuse the direction of your path ## +# those who guide you lead you astray and confuse the direction of your path -This compares Judah's leaders to shepherds. As shepherds lead the sheep along good paths to safety, leaders should teach the people the truth and help them do what is right. Judah's leaders were not doing this. Alternate translation: "your leaders are like bad shepherds who lead you away from good paths and do not show you where to go." \ No newline at end of file +It was common in the Ancient Middle East to speak of a nation's leaders as if they were shepherds. As shepherds lead the sheep along good paths to safety, leaders should teach the people the truth and help them do what is right. Judah's leaders were not doing this. AT: "your leaders are like bad shepherds who lead you away from good paths and do not show you where to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/13.md b/isa/03/13.md index b21549fa69..ddebb071c8 100644 --- a/isa/03/13.md +++ b/isa/03/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## will pronounce judgment ## +# Yahweh stands up for an accusation; he is standing to accuse the people -"will announce his judgment" or "will declare his judgment" +Isaiah speaks of Yahweh's decision to harm the people as if Yahweh were bringing a legal accusation in a courtroom against the people of Israel. The second part of this line means the same thing as the first part, but it says it a little more completely. AT: "It is as though Yahweh had taken his place in a courtroom and were ready to accuse the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## on the officials ## +# will come with judgment -"on the leaders" or "on the rulers" +Judgment is spoken of as if it were an object that one could bring to another person. AT: "will announce his judgment" or "will declare his judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You have eaten up the vineyard ## +# You have ruined the vineyard -Here "you" refers to the elders and rulers. Yahweh is comparing his people to a vineyard. Like someone who takes all the fruit from a vineyard, the elders and leaders are taking everything the people of Judah have. Alternate translation: "my people are like a vineyard and you have selfishly taken all of its fruit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "you" refers to the elders and rulers. Yahweh is speaking of his people as if they were a vineyard. Like someone who fails to care for a vineyard so that the vines give no more grapes, the elders and leaders are discouraging the Israelites from serving God. AT: "My people are like a vineyard, and you have ruined it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the plunder from the poor ## +# the plunder from the poor is in your houses -"the things you have taken from those who are poor" +"the things you have taken from the poor are in your houses" -## Why do you crush my people and grind the faces of the poor? ## +# the poor -The Lord uses a question to scold the elders and leaders for being cruel to his people. Alternate translation: "How dare you hurt my people and take everything from them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "those who are poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Why do you crush my people and grind the faces of the poor? + +Yahweh asks this question in order to accuse the leaders of the people. This accusation can be expressed as a statement. AT: "I am angry with you evil men because you are crushing my people and grinding the faces of the poor!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# crush my people + +Making people suffer is spoken of as if it were crushing them with a very heavy weight. AT: "cruelly harm my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# grind the faces of the poor + +Making people suffer is spoken of as if it were rubbing their faces into the ground. AT: "harm the poor and make them suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# This is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/16.md b/isa/03/16.md index afe271b385..12c70fbfa3 100644 --- a/isa/03/16.md +++ b/isa/03/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## with their heads high ## +# the daughters of Zion -This means "in an arrogant way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Zion, meaning here the city of Jerusalem, is spoken of as if it were a woman with her daughters. AT: "the women of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## flirt with their eyes ## +# with their heads high -"try to impress men with the way they look at them" +This means in an arrogant way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## mincing along as they go ## +# flirt with their eyes + +Here "their eyes" represents how the women look at men. AT: "try to impress men with the way they look at them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# mincing along as they go "taking very small steps as they walk" -## and making a tinkling with their feet ## +# and making a tinkling with their feet -"so the bracelets on their anklets jingle" or "so the bells on their ankles make a noise." Translators may add a footnote that says "The women did this in order to get people's attention." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## the Lord will form ## - -Since Yahweh is speaking, this can also be translated as "I, the Lord, will form." - -## Yahweh will make them bald ## - -Since Yahweh is speaking, this can be translated as "I, Yahweh, will make them bald." \ No newline at end of file +"so the bracelets on their ankles jingle" or "so the bells on their ankles make a noise" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/18.md b/isa/03/18.md index 249b73e3c1..f56d561963 100644 --- a/isa/03/18.md +++ b/isa/03/18.md @@ -1,45 +1,51 @@ -This continues to describe how Yahweh will judge the women of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# General Information: -## ankle jewelry ## +This continues to describe how Yahweh will judge the women of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -a decoration that is worn on the ankle, just above the foot +# the Lord will remove -## head bands ## +Here what the Lord causes others to do is spoken of as the Lord doing it himself. AT: "the Lord will cause others to remove" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -a decoration that is worn over the head and hair +# ankle jewelry -## crescent ornaments ## +a decoration that women wear on the ankle, just above the foot -jewelry that is worn in the belief that it will protect the person from evil +# head bands -## the ear pendants ## +a decoration that women wear over the head and hair + +# crescent ornaments + +moon-shaped ornaments that people wear in the belief that they will protect the person from evil + +# ear pendants jewelry that hangs from the ear or over the ear -## bracelets ## +# bracelets -a decoration that is worn on the arm near the hands +a decoration that women wear on the arm near the hands -## veils ## +# veils a very thin material used to cover a woman's head and face -## headties ## +# headscarves -a long, thin piece of cloth that is tied around the head or hair +long, thin pieces of cloth that women tie around the head or hair -## ankle chains ## +# ankle chains -a decoration that is worn near the feet. Often the chains hung down to make a gentle noise. +These are decorations that women wear near the feet. Often the chains hang down to make a gentle noise. -## sashes ## +# sashes -a piece of cloth that is worn around the waist or across the chest +a piece of cloth that people wear around the waist or across the chest -## perfume boxes ## +# perfume boxes -a small box or bag that was worn around the neck. It had perfume in that smelled nice. +a small box or bag containing perfume that women wore on chains or strings around their necks so they smelled good -## lucky charms ## +# lucky charms -jewelry that is worn in the belief that it will bring good luck \ No newline at end of file +jewelry that people wear in the belief that it will bring good luck \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/21.md b/isa/03/21.md index 06dc7be030..aead92979f 100644 --- a/isa/03/21.md +++ b/isa/03/21.md @@ -1,41 +1,39 @@ -This continues to describe how Yahweh will judge the women of Judah. - -## rings ## +# rings a decoration worn around the finger -## nose jewels ## +# nose jewels a decoration worn in or through the nose -## festive robes ## +# festive robes a long, loose garment with decorations that was worn over other clothes for everyone to see -## mantles ## +# mantles a cloth worn over the shoulders on the outside of the clothes -## veils ## +# veils -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 3:18](./18.md). +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 3:19](./18.md). -## handbags ## +# handbags a bag to used to carry small things -## hand mirrors ## +# hand mirrors a small surface, held in one's hand and used to see oneself -## fine linen ## +# fine linen a soft cloth worn by rich people -## head pieces ## +# head pieces a cloth or small hat worn over the hair -## wraps ## +# wraps a decorative cloth that a woman would wrap around herself to make her beautiful \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/24.md b/isa/03/24.md index 4d35714182..3e0c017dbc 100644 --- a/isa/03/24.md +++ b/isa/03/24.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -This continues to describe how Yahweh will judge the women of Judah. +# sash -## perfume…sash ## +a piece of cloth that people wear around the waist or across the chest. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 3:20](./18.md). -See how these were translated in [Isaiah 3:18](./18.md) +# a rope -## a rope ## +This may refer to a rope that enemies would tie on the people of Judah when they captured them. Or it might mean that Jerusalem's women would have nothing to wear but rough clothing secured with ropes. -This may refer to enemies capturing the people of Judah. +# well-arranged hair, baldness -## well-coiffed hair, baldness ## +"pretty hair, their heads will be bald" -coiffed hair, baldness** - "pretty hair, their heads will be bald" +# Your men will fall by the sword, and your strong men will fall in war -## Your men will fall by the sword, and your strong men in war ## +Falling represents being killed, and the sword represents battle. AT: "Your men will be killed in battle, and your strong men will be killed in war" or "Enemies will kill your soldiers in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"Enemies will kill your husbands and soldiers in battle." +# Jerusalem's gates will lament and mourn -## Jerusalem's gates will lament and mourn ## +Here the city gates represent the people who sit at the public places near the city gates. AT: "The people of Jerusalem will sit at the city gates and cry and mourn" (See:- [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Alternate translation: "The people of Jerusalem will sit at the city gates and cry and mourn." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# she will be alone and sit upon the ground -## she will be alone and sit upon the ground ## - -Possible meanings are 1) "The city will be like a woman who sits on the ground because all her friends have deserted her" (See: UDB and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) or 2) "the people of Jerusalem will sit on the ground with no one to help them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Isaiah speaks of the people of Jerusalem, whom no one will save from their enemies, as if they were the city itself and as if they were a woman who sits on the ground because all her friends have deserted her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/03/intro.md b/isa/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f5ff2e127d --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Isaiah 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter. Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:2-3:26, which is a vision Isaiah receives. These are the words of Yahweh. + +##### Judgment ##### +This chapter is structured as a judgment against the Jews. God is acting as a judge reading the list of convictions against them and then he reads the judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Exile ##### +While the previous part of the prophecy in chapter 2 discussed the last days, this part of the prophecy predicts the exile of Judah to Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/04/01.md b/isa/04/01.md index 33762245d4..e16bc17cd8 100644 --- a/isa/04/01.md +++ b/isa/04/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## let us take your name ## +# let us take your name -This phrase means "let us marry you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase means "let us marry you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the branch of Yahweh ## +# the branch of Yahweh will be beautiful -Here the word "branch" or "sprout" refers to something new that grows. Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the people of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) or 2) this refers to the Messiah or 3) this refers to ordinary crops. +Possible meanings are 1) "branch" is a synecdoche that represents the crops Yahweh will cause to grow in the land of Israel. AT: "Yahweh will cause the crops in Israel to be beautiful" or 2) "branch" is a metaphor that refers to the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will be beautiful and glorious ## +# will be beautiful and glorious "will be full of beauty and glory" -## and the fruit of the land will be tasty and delightful for those survivors in Israel ## +# the fruit of the land will be tasty and delightful for those survivors in Israel -"and the people who are still in Israel will enjoy the best food from the land." Possible meanings are 1) God will cause the land to produce good food again or 2) The Messiah will bring spiritual blessings to the people in the land. \ No newline at end of file +"Fruit" sometimes simply represents food produced in the land, and sometimes it represents spiritual blessings. Possible meanings here are 1) God will cause the land to produce good food again. AT: "the people who are still in Israel will enjoy the best food from the land" or 2) the future Messiah will bring spiritual blessings to the people in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/04/03.md b/isa/04/03.md index 6b46f17abf..044bfc4f78 100644 --- a/isa/04/03.md +++ b/isa/04/03.md @@ -1,43 +1,35 @@ -## he who is left in Zion, and he who remains in Jerusalem ## +# the one who is left in Zion and the one who remains in Jerusalem -The Hebrews often repeated things in different words as a way of emphasis. Alternate translation: "whoever remains in Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Here "the one who" does not refer to a specific person but to people in general who are still alive in Jerusalem. AT: "everyone who remains in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## will be called holy ## +# will be called holy -This can be translated with an active clause: "the Lord will call them holy" or "will belong to the Lord" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Lord will call them holy" or "will belong to the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## every one who is recorded as living in Jerusalem ## +# everyone who is written down as living in Jerusalem -"every one whose name is written in the list of the people who live in Jerusalem" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everyone whose name is on the list of the people who live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## when the Lord will have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion ## +# when the Lord will have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion -This compares removing sin with washing away filth. Alternate translation "after the Lord removes the sins of the daughters of Zion as somone washes away filth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This expression speaks of sin as if it were physical dirt. AT: "after the Lord removes the sins of the daughters of Zion as someone washes away filth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the daughters of Zion ## +# the daughters of Zion Possible meanings are 1) the women of Jerusalem or 2) the people of Jerusalem. -## and will have cleansed the blood stains from Jerusalem's midst ## +# will have cleansed the blood stains from Jerusalem's midst -Blood stains refer to violence and murder. It can be translated as "and will have taken away those in Jerusalem who harm innocent people." +"Blood stains" here represents violence and murder. AT: "will have taken away those in Jerusalem who harm innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## by the spirit of justice by the spirit of burning fire ## +# by means of the spirit of judgment and the spirit of flaming fire -This is how God would remove the sin from Jerusalem. +This is how God would remove the sin from Jerusalem. Here "spirit" probably represents the activity of judging and burning. AT: "by judgment and flaming fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## by the spirit of justice ## +# spirit of judgment -Alternate translation: "by judging the people" +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will punish the people or 2) Yahweh will declare the people guilty. -## by the spirit of burning fire ## +# the spirit of flaming fire -Fire is often a symbol of severe punishment. Alternate translation: "by burning them with fire" or "by severely punishing them as if with fire" or "by destroying the city with fire." - -## a canopy over all the glory ## - -"a glorious cover over the entire city" - -## canopy ## - -a cloth that is hung over something to cover it. It protects what is below it from what is above it. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor that means Yahweh will remove sinners from Zion like a fire removes impurities or 2) "flaming fire" is a metonym that represents the destruction in general of all the sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/04/05.md b/isa/04/05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fdf0c44820 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/04/05.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# a canopy over all the glory + +Possible meanings are 1) a canopy for protecting the glorious city, or 2) a canopy consisting of God's glory that will protect the city. If the first meaning is followed, then it may further mean that the city is glorious because Yahweh is present in it. + +# canopy + +This is a cloth that is hung over something to cover it for protecton. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/04/intro.md b/isa/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7fd671c0ae --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Isaiah 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### More women than men ##### +This chapter describes a time when there will be many more women than men in Judah. This is because so many of Judah's fighting men will have died before the exile. Those who come through this difficult time will be a holy remnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Branch of Yahweh ##### +Scholars are divided over the possible meaning of this metaphor. Some believe it is a reference to the messiah, while others believe it is a reference to the faithful remnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/01.md b/isa/05/01.md index c091920acc..1042d4ce16 100644 --- a/isa/05/01.md +++ b/isa/05/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -Isaiah tells a story about a farmer and his vineyard. The farmer represents God and the vineyard represents Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +# General Information: -## Let me sing for my well beloved ## +Isaiah tells a parable about a farmer and his vineyard. The farmer represents God and the vineyard represents the people of Judah, the southern kingdom of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -"Let me sing for the one I love dearly." +# my well beloved -## on a very fertile hill ## +"my dear friend" -"on a hill that had good soil" +# on a very fertile hill -## He spaded it and removed the stones ## +"on a hill where very good crops could grow" -The word "spaded" refers to using a tool to dig into the dirt to prepare it for planting. This can be translated as "He prepared the soil and took out the stones."​ +# He spaded it -## choicest vine ## +"He prepared the soil." This expresson refers to using a tool to dig into the ground to prepare it for planting. -"best vine" or "strongest vine" +# He built a tower in the middle of it -## He built a tower in the middle of it ## +"He made a tall building in the middle of the vineyard to watch over it." Someone would stand at the top of the tower to watch the vineyard and make sure that no animals or people went into it. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -“He made a tall building in the middle of the vineyard to watch over it.” Someone would stand near the top of the tower to watch the vineyard and make sure that no animals or people went into it. +# built a winepress -## built a winepress ## +"dug a pit to squeeze out the grape juice." A winepress is a low place carved out of rock in the ground where workers step on the grapes to crush them with their feet, in order to remove the grape juice. -A "winepress" is a place where the workers would step on the grapes to crush the juice out of them. This can be translated as "dug a pit to squeeze out the grape juice." - -## wild grapes ## +# wild grapes "worthless grapes" or "bad tasting grapes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/03.md b/isa/05/03.md index 9fb472f2f4..a820ec2516 100644 --- a/isa/05/03.md +++ b/isa/05/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -This continues the parable about the vineyard that Isaiah began in [Isaiah 5:1](./01.md). The one who planted the vineyard is speaking. +# General Information: -## O inhabitants of Jerusalem and men of Judah ## +In Isaiah's parable of the vineyard, the owner of the vineyard, who represents God, speaks to the people of Jerusalem and Judah about his vineyard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -"You who live in Jerusalem and Judah" +# inhabitant of Jerusalem and man of Judah -## judge between me and my vineyard ## +These expressions refer in general to all people living in Jerusalem and Judah, so they can be translated with plural nouns. AT: "all of you who live in Jerusalem and Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -"decide between me and my vineyard who is right" +# Jerusalem ... Judah -## What more could have been done for my vineyard, that I have not done for it ## +"Judah" was the name of the southern kingdom of Israelites, and Jerusalem was the capital city. -Yahweh uses this question to scold the people of Jerusalem and Judah. Alternate translation: “I have done all that I could do for my vineyard.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# judge between me and my vineyard -## When I looked for it to bring forth good grapes, why did it produce wild grapes ## +The idea of a space separating two things is often used to express the idea of choosing one or the other of those things. AT: "decide who has acted right, I or my vineyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Yahweh uses a question to scold the people of Jerusalem and Judah. Alternate translation: “I wanted it to make good grapes, but it only produced worthless grapes.” \ No newline at end of file +# What more could have been done for my vineyard, that I have not done for it? + +The owner uses this question to make a statement about his vineyard. This rhetorical questions can be translated as a stataement. AT: "I have done all that I could do for my vineyard!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# When I looked for it to produce grapes, why did it produce wild grapes? + +The owner uses a question to say that his vineyard should have produced good grapes. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I wanted it to make good grapes, but it only produced worthless grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/05.md b/isa/05/05.md index 66777c184b..72bc13d124 100644 --- a/isa/05/05.md +++ b/isa/05/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues the parable about the vineyard. +# General Information: -## remove the hedge ## +In Isaiah's parable, the owner of the vineyard continues to talk about his vineyard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -A hedge refers to bushes or small trees planted around the vineyard to protect it. Here it may refer to the thorns that grew on the stone wall. Alternate translation: “take away the border.” +# remove the hedge -## a pasture ## +"take away the border of bushes." A hedge is a row of bushes or small trees that have been planted in order to protect a garden or some other kind of area. Here "hedge" probably refers to the thorn bushes that were planted to grow on the stone wall surrounding the vineyard. -This is a grassy place where animals are kept. Alternate translation: "I will allow animals to go there and eat." +# I will turn it into a pasture -## and it will be trampled on ## +"I will allow animals to go there and eat." This is a grassy place where animals feed. -This can be translated with an active verb: "and animals will trample on it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# it will be trampled down -## I will lay it waste ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "animals will trample it down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -“I will make the ground useless" +# I will lay it waste -## it will not be pruned nor hoed ## +"I will destroy it" -This can be translated with active verbs: "No one will prune it or hoe it" or "no one will cut off the branches that are not needed and no one will take care of the soil." \ No newline at end of file +# it will not be pruned nor hoed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will prune it or hoe it" or "no one will cut off the branches that are not needed, and no one will take care of the soil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# briers and thorns will spring up + +Briers and thorns are often used as symbols of ruined cities and land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/07.md b/isa/05/07.md index cd705dcded..aa92366703 100644 --- a/isa/05/07.md +++ b/isa/05/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -Isaiah explains the parable he just told. +# General Information: -## For the vineyard of Yahweh of Hosts is the house of Israel ## +Isaiah explains the parable of the vineyard. -"For the vineyard of Yahweh of Hosts represents the house of Israel" or "The people of Israel are like the vineyard of Yahweh, Lord of the angel armies." +# For the vineyard of Yahweh of hosts is the house of Israel -## the men of Judah his pleasant planting ## +Isaiah states that the vineyard in the parable represents the people of Israel. AT: "For the vineyard of Yahweh of hosts represents the house of Israel" or "The people of Israel are like the vineyard of Yahweh, Lord of the angel armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -Alternate translation: "the people of Judah are like the vines the farmer cared for." +# the house of Israel -## he waited for justice, but instead, there was killing ## +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"Yahweh waited for the people to do what is fair, but instead they killed one another" +# the man of Judah his pleasant planting -## for righteousness ## +The people of Judah are spoken of as if they are a vine that Yahweh planted. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "the people of Judah are like a vine that that Yahweh planted for Yahweh's pleasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -The phrase "he waited" is left out but it is understood. "He waited for righteousness" or "He waited for them to do what is right." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# the man of Judah -## instead, a cry for help ## +Here "man" represents all the people of Judah. AT: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -"instead, there was a cry for help." The reason people cried out for help can be made explicit: "instead those who were weak cried out to him for because others were attacking them." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). \ No newline at end of file +# he waited for justice, but instead, there was killing + +This can be changed so that the abstract noun "justice" can be expressed by the verb "do what is fair." The abstract noun "killing" can be expressed as "killed one another." AT: "Yahweh waited for the people to do what is fair, but instead they killed one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for righteousness + +The phrase "he waited" is left out but it is understood. This understood information can be added to make the meaning clear. AT: "He waited for righteousness" or "He waited for them to do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# instead, a shout for help + +"instead, there was a shout for help." The reason people shouted out for help can be made explicit. AT: "instead, those who were weak shouted out for someone to help them because others were attacking them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +# a shout + +This expression probably stands for many shouts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/08.md b/isa/05/08.md index dd77da84cf..279894bc95 100644 --- a/isa/05/08.md +++ b/isa/05/08.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah announces God's judgment. -## to those who join house to house, who join field to field ## +# to those who join house to house, who join field to field -"to those who take more and more houses, and who take more and more fields" +"to those who take more and more houses, and who take more and more fields." Isaiah assumes that his audience knows that the law forbids someone from taking land from a family permanently. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## without inhabitant ## +# without any inhabitant "without anyone living in it" -## four hectares ## +# a ten-yoke vineyard -This is the amount of land that ten teams of oxen could plow in one day. (Each team would have two oxen.) +The size of the vineyard is represented by the number of pairs of oxen that could plow it in one day. Each pair of oxen would be connected by a yoke. AT: "a vineyard that is large enough for ten pairs of oxen to plow it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## one bath ## +# one bath -"one bath of wine" or "22 liters of wine" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +"one bath of wine" or "22 liters of wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## one homer of seed will yield only an ephah ## +# one homer of seed will yield only an ephah -"220 liters of seed will produce only 22 liters of grain." One homer equals ten ephahs. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +"220 liters of seed will produce only 22 liters of grain." One homer equals ten ephahs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/11.md b/isa/05/11.md index 45ad091a14..4be9b54edb 100644 --- a/isa/05/11.md +++ b/isa/05/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## until wine inflames them ## +# those who rise up early in the morning ... who linger late into the night -Alternate translation: "until they are drunk with wine." +This refers to people who do nothing all day but drink alcoholic drinks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## tambourine ## +# until wine inflames them -a small musical instrument that a person shakes with their hand +Here the power of wine to make its drinkers drunk is spoken of as if it were inflaming them, that is, setting them on fire. AT: "until they are drunk with wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the doings of his hands ## +# harp, lute, tambourine, flute, and wine -"what he has done" or "what he has created" \ No newline at end of file +These musical instruments and the wine imply that the people enjoying these things are celebrating very much. + +# tambourine + +A musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be beaten with the hand. It probably had pieces of metal around the side that sounded when the player shook it. The tambourine was small enough for the player to hold it and shake it with one hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# considered + +"thought seriously about" + +# the doings of his hands + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "doings" is expressed as the verb "done" or "created." AT: "what he has done" or "what he has created" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the doings of his hands + +Here the metonym "hands" represents the person who has done something. AT: "what Yahweh has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/13.md b/isa/05/13.md index ee7ef52b24..95bf091364 100644 --- a/isa/05/13.md +++ b/isa/05/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## my people have gone into captivity ## +# General Information: -In prophecy things that will happen in the future are described as something in the past. This emphasizes that the prophecy will certainly come true. Alternate translation: "enemies from other countries will take my people, Israel, as slaves." +These verses tell what will happen to the people because they have disobeyed God. -## for lack of understanding ## +# my people have gone into captivity -What they do not understand can be made explicit: "because they do not understand Yahweh or his law" +In prophecy things that will happen in the future are often referred to as if they had already happened. This emphasizes that the prophecy will certainly come true. AT: "enemies from other countries will take my people, Israel, as slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## their masses ## +# for lack of understanding -"their common people" +What they do not understand can be made explicit. AT: "because they do not understand Yahweh or his law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## death has made its appetite greater and has opened its mouth very wide ## +# Sheol has made its appetite greater and has opened its mouth very wide -This phrase compares death to an animal that is ready to eat other animals. It emphasizes that many, many people will die. Alternate translation: "Death is like a hungry animal that has opened its mouth wide to eat up many people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This phrase speaks of Sheol, which stands here for the grave, to an animal that is ready to eat other animals. It implies that many, many people will die. AT: "death is like a hungry animal that has opened its mouth wide to eat up many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## their elite, the people, their leaders, and the revelers and those who are happy among them, descend into Sheol. ## +# their elite, the people, their leaders, and the revelers and those who are happy among them, descend into Sheol -"Many people of Israel, their important people and common people, their leaders and those who enjoy wild parties, will go into Sheol." \ No newline at end of file +The prophet speaks of the future as if it were happening now. AT: "Many people of Israel, their important people and common people, their leaders and those who enjoy wild parties, will go into Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/15.md b/isa/05/15.md index 4ff4a766be..0f8900cafa 100644 --- a/isa/05/15.md +++ b/isa/05/15.md @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ -## Man is brought down and the great man is humbled ## +# Man will be forced to bend down, and mankind will be humbled -"people are humbled, and the important person is humbled." This can be expressed with active verbs: "Yahweh will humble people and will make the important people humble." +The phrases used together mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated similar words in [Isaiah 2:9](../02/09.md). AT: "God will make every person bow down and be humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the eyes of the lofty are cast down ## +# Man will be forced to bend down, and mankind will be humbled -"the eyes of proud people are looking down." Alternate translation: "people who were proud are now ashamed." +Future events are spoken of as if they have already happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# Man will be forced to bend down + +Bending down often symbolizes being humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the eyes of the lofty will be cast down + +Looking down is often a sign of being ashamed. See how you translated similar words in [Isaiah 2:11](../02/09.md). AT: "the eyes of proud people will look down in shame" or "people who were proud are now ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the lofty + +Here proud, arrogant people are spoken of as if they are high above other people. AT: "proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts will be exalted in his justice + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will praise Yahweh of hosts because he is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## Yahweh of Hosts is exalted in his justice ## +# will be exalted -"People will praise Yahweh of Hosts because he is just" +Being honored is spoken of as if it were being lifted high. AT: "will be greatly honored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## God the Holy One is recognized by his righteous dealings ## +# the sheep will feed as in their own pasture -Alternate translation: "people will know that God is the Holy One because what he does is right" +Yahweh will destroy the city of Jerusalem, which was called a "vineyard" in [Isaiah 5:1](./01.md). It will become good for nothing except for sheep to eat grass there. -## the ruins of the rich people ## +# graze -"the riches people's houses that have been destroyed" +eat grass -## lambs will graze ## +# in the ruins, lambs will graze as foreigners -"lambs will eat grass" \ No newline at end of file +That is, the lambs will graze there. The land will be worthless for any other use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/18.md b/isa/05/18.md index e43db4df11..aa5b31c94c 100644 --- a/isa/05/18.md +++ b/isa/05/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## to those who pull along iniquity with cords of emptiness and who pull along sin with a cart rope ## +# Woe to those who pull along iniquity with useless cords and who pull along sin as if it were with a cart rope -These phrases mean basically the same thing. They compare people who continue to sin on purpose to a person who uses all his strength to keep pull a heavy cart along. The word "emptiness" means it is all in vain. God will judge them and they will not benefit from their sin. Alternate translation: "to those who work hard to sin like a person who drags a cart by a rope." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These phrases mean basically the same thing. They speak of people who continue to sin on purpose as if they were using all their strength to pull a heavy cart along. God will punish them for their sin. AT: "Woe to those who work hard to sin as a person who drags a cart by a rope" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## those who say ## +# those who say -This refers to those who continue to sin and then challenge God to stop them. Alternate translation: "those who challenge God and say" +This refers to those who continue to sin (verse 18) and then mockingly challenge God to stop them. AT: "those mockers who say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## let the plans of the Holy One of Israel take shape and come ## +# let the plans of the Holy One of Israel come -"let the Holy One of Israel accomplish his plans" +God's plans are spoken of as if they were objects that could come by themselves. AT: "let the Holy One of Israel accomplish his plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the Holy One of Israel ## +# the Holy One of Israel -See how you translated "the Holy One" in [Isaiah 5:15](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file +Translate "the Holy One" as in [Isaiah 5:16](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/20.md b/isa/05/20.md index dcc78f36b2..a23cfd2b9e 100644 --- a/isa/05/20.md +++ b/isa/05/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## who represent darkness as light, and light as darkness ...bitter as sweet, and sweet as bitter ## +# who represent darkness as light, and light as darkness ... bitter as sweet, and sweet as bitter -These mean the same as "who call evil good, and good evil." These things are opposites and people know the difference between them, but some people lie and say that bad things are good. Alternate translation: "They are like people who call darkness light and light darkness. They are like people who call bitter things sweet and sweet things bitter." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Those who do these things are the same as those "who call evil good, and good evil." These things are opposites and people know the difference between them, but some people lie and say that bad things are good. AT: "They are like people who call darkness light and light darkness. They are like people who call bitter things sweet and sweet things bitter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to those who are wise in their own eyes ## +# to those who are wise in their own eyes -Here "eyes" refers to their thoughts. Alternate translation: "to those who consider themselves to be wise." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the metonym "eyes" refers to their thoughts. AT: "to those who consider themselves to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and prudent in their own understanding ## +# prudent in their own understanding -"and think they understand everything" \ No newline at end of file +"think they understand everything" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/22.md b/isa/05/22.md index a7f7c1e87c..a98681c8fa 100644 --- a/isa/05/22.md +++ b/isa/05/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## who acquit the wicked for payment ## +# who acquit the wicked for payment -"who, for enough money, will say that a wicked person is not guilty" or "who allow someone to pay him money so that he will lie and say that a wicked per son is not guilty." +This passage is speaking about corrupt judges in courts of law. -## and deprive the innocent of his rights ## +# acquit the wicked -"and who do not treat innocent people fairly" \ No newline at end of file +"declare guilty people innocent" + +# deprive the innocent of his rights + +"do not treat innocent people fairly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/24.md b/isa/05/24.md index 699ce10221..09e712efa9 100644 --- a/isa/05/24.md +++ b/isa/05/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## tongue of fire ## +# tongue of fire "flame of fire" or "flame" -## as the tongue of fire devours stubble, and as the dry grass goes down in flame ## +# as the tongue of fire devours stubble, and as the dry grass goes down in flame -These phrases mean basically the same thing. God will punish the people described in 5:18-23 as a fire that completely and easily burns up dead grass. Alternate translation: "as a fire burns up stubble and grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +These phrases mean basically the same thing. God will punish the people described in [Isaiah 5:18-23](./18.md). AT: "as a fire burns up stubble and grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## stubble ## +# stubble -"dry grain stalks." This refers to the part of the plant that is left in the garden to die after the farmer collects the food. +"dry grain stalks." This refers to the part of the plant that is left in the field to die after the farmer collects the food. -## their root will rot, and their blossom will blow away like dust ## +# their root will rot, and their blossom will blow away like dust -Isaiah compares those people to a dying plant. Alternate translation: "they will die like a plant whose roots have rotted and whose blossom has dried up and blown away in the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Isaiah speaks of these people as if they were a dying plant. AT: "they will die like a plant whose roots have rotted and whose blossom has dried up and blown away in the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/25.md b/isa/05/25.md index 71802a4854..d638e2e8ae 100644 --- a/isa/05/25.md +++ b/isa/05/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## he has stretched out his hand against them and has struck them ## +# the anger of Yahweh is kindled -In prophecy something that will happen in the future is described as something in the past. This emphases that the prophecy certainly will happen. Alternate translation: "he will strike them with his powerful hand." +Isaiah speaks of Yahweh's anger as if it were a fire. AT: "Yahweh is very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## corpses ## +# He has reached out with his hand against them and has punished them + +The prophet speaks of the future as if it had already happened. He does this to insist that the prophecy certainly will come about. AT: "he will punish them with his powerful hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# has reached out with his hand against them + +Here "hand" refers to God's power and control. AT: "has shown his power against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# corpses "dead bodies" -## their corpses are like garbage in the streets ## +# their corpses are like garbage in the streets -Isaiah compares their dead bodies to garbage. This emphasizes that many will die but no one will be there to bury them. Their bodies will be left to rot in the streets. The word "garbage" can also be translated as "refuse" or "manure." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The dead bodies are allowed to lie in the streets as if they were garbage. This implies that many will die but that no one will be there to bury them. The word "garbage" can also be translated as "refuse" or "manure." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# In all these things, his anger does not subside; instead, his hand + +"Even though all these things have happened, he is still angry, and his hand" + +# his hand is still stretched out + +Here "hand" represents God's power and control. Isaiah speaks as if Yahweh were a person about to hit another person with his fist. This is a metaphor for Yahweh punishing Israel. AT: "he will still be ready to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/26.md b/isa/05/26.md index c56c75f25b..4be86eb742 100644 --- a/isa/05/26.md +++ b/isa/05/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## He will lift up a signal flag for a far away nation and will whistle for them from the end of the earth ## +# He will lift up a signal flag for far away nations and will whistle for those at the end of the earth -Isaiah says the same thing in two different ways to emphasize that God will use another nation to punish his people. Alternate translation: "He will call for the army of a nation that is far away from Judah and tell them to come." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Isaiah says the same thing in two different ways. God causing the armies of nations that are far away from Judah to come and attack is spoken of as if he would raise a flag and whistle to call them to Judah AT: "He will call for the armies of nations that are far away from Judah and tell them to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They will come ## +# whistle -"The enemy army will come" +a loud, high pitched noise a person makes with their mouth to call a person or animal that is far away -## speedily and promptly ## +# they will come -These words mean basically the same thing and are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: "very quickly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the enemy army will come" + +# speedily and promptly + +These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how quickly they will come. AT: "very quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/27.md b/isa/05/27.md index ef2849edad..833b3b889f 100644 --- a/isa/05/27.md +++ b/isa/05/27.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Isaiah continues to describe the army that will attack Judah. (See: [Isaiah 5:26](./26.md)) +# General Information: -## None tire or stumble among them ## +Isaiah continues to describe the army that will attack Judah. He describes it as if it were already existing. (See: [Isaiah 5:26](./26.md)) -"None of their soldiers get tired or fall" +# tire ... stumble ... slumbers ... sleeps -## nor will their belt be loose ## +These four words progress from being tired from work to being unable to walk well, to being unable to stay awake, to full sleep, so all four should appear in the translation. -The soldiers kept their robes tight so it would easier to move and fight. +# Nor are their belts loose -## the thong of their sandals ## +The soldiers kept their clothes tight so it would easier to move and fight. -"the strap of their sandals" +# the thongs of their sandals -## their horses' hooves are like flint ## +"the straps of their sandals" -Isaiah compares the hard part of a horse's foot to a hard stone which can cause a spark when struck. Alternate translation: "their horses' hooves are hard as stone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# their horses' hooves are like flint -## and their chariot wheels like storms ## +"their hooves are like hard stone." Isaiah compares the hard part of a horse's foot to flint, which is a hard stone that can cause sparks when struck. Possible meanings are 1) Isaiah compares their hooves to flint so to describe the frightening image of their feet causing sparks as they run or 2) Isaiah compares their hooves to flint to emphasize how strong their hooves are which enables the horse to do whatever their master want them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -Isaiah compares the chariot wheels to a storm to emphasize how quickly they are moving. Alternate translation: "and the wheels of the chariots will spin like a windstorm." \ No newline at end of file +# their chariot wheels like storms + +Isaiah compares the chariot wheels to storms in order to imply that they will destroy everything in their path. AT: "the wheels of the chariots will spin like a windstorm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# chariot wheels + +These wheels often had sharp blades attached to them that would cut to pieces anyone the chariot passed close to. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/29.md b/isa/05/29.md index 38503420d4..4b5032e5d5 100644 --- a/isa/05/29.md +++ b/isa/05/29.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Isaiah continues to describe the army that will attack Judah. (See: [Isaiah 5:26](./26.md)) +# General Information: -## Their roaring will be like a lion, they will roar like young lions ## +Isaiah continues to describe the army that will attack Judah. (See: [Isaiah 05:26](./26.md)) -Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Isaiah compares the enemy army to a lion to emphasize how the sound of their attack will cause the people of Judah to be very afraid. Alternate translation: "When their army shouts in battle they will sound like a roaring lion." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# Their roaring will be like a lion; they will roar like young lions -## They will roar and seize the prey ## +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Isaiah compares the enemy army to a lion to imply how the sound of their attack will cause the people of Judah to be very afraid. AT: "When their army shouts in battle they will sound like a roaring lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -Isaiah compares the enemy killing the people of Judah to a lion killing a weaker animal. He is emphasizing that the people of Judah will not be able to escape from their enemy. +# young lions -## prey ## +A young age is a metonym for strength. AT: "the strongest lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will growl and seize the prey + +Isaiah compares the enemy killing the people of Judah to a lion killing a weaker animal. Possible meanings are 1) lions make a sound not as loud as a roar just before they strike, or 2) the writer is using two words to mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# prey animals that another animal wants to catch and kill -## with none to rescue ## +# with none to rescue "and no one will be able to save them" -## as the sea roars ## +# will roar ... sea roars -Isaiah also compares the sound of the enemy army to the sound that the waves of the sea make during a storm. Isaiah is again emphasizing that the army will be so loud it will cause the people of Judah to be afraid. +These are the same word translated "growl" in verse 29. Use your language's word for the sound of waves in a storm or heavy rain or some other frightening natural sound. -## the light will be darkened by the clouds ## +# even the light will be made dark by the clouds -This can be translated with an active verb: "the dark clouds will completely block the light of the sun." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here darkness represents suffering and disaster. This metaphor can be stated in active form. AT: "the dark clouds will completely block the light of the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/05/intro.md b/isa/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8bf5262910 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Isaiah 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is a song. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Woe ##### +This chapter presents a series of woes, or judgments against those who are spoken against. Most of these judgements are due to the lack of justice in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Allegory ##### +This chapter begins as an allegory. An allegory is a story with a symbolic meaning. This allegory is meant to teach the Jews that they sinned against Yahweh and that there was nothing more he could have done for them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +==Animals being present where people once lived== +Verse 17 ("Then the sheep will feed as in their own pasture, and in the ruins of the rich people, lambs will graze") is an example of the Old Testament's prophets' habit of describing complete ruin and desolation in terms of a picture of animals--usually wild animals, but here sheep and lambs--living in or feeding in those places. Whether the picture is of flocks or wild animals, the purpose is to say that the human habitation has gone back to wild nature, and that this has happened because of God's punishment on the people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/01.md b/isa/06/01.md index a89e5c9edb..277f5d0840 100644 --- a/isa/06/01.md +++ b/isa/06/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,23 @@ -## on a high and elevated throne ## +# he was high and elevated -The words "high" and "elevated" mean the same thing and are used to emphasize that the throne was "very high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])(See the other three other similar examples in Isaiah 33:10, 52:13 and 57:15.) +The words "high" and "elevated" emphasize that the throne was very high and above everything around it. The height of the throne represents how great and powerful the Lord is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the hem of his robe ## - -"the edge of his garment" - -## filled the temple ## +# filled the temple "filled the palace." The word used for temple here is often used to refer to the palace of kings. -## Seraphim ## +# Above him were the seraphim -This word suggests that the creatures might have a fiery appearance or resemble snakes. Because we do not know exactly what "seraphim" means, you could translate these as "creatures" or "living things" or "beings". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +The word "seraphim" is the plural of seraph. This means the Lord was seated on the throne and the seraphim were standing or flying near the Lord ready to serve him. -## each one had six wings ## +# seraphim + +This word suggests that the creatures might have a fiery appearance or resemble snakes. Because we do not know exactly what "seraphim" means, you could translate this as "winged creatures" or "winged living things." Or, you can borrow the word and use it in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# each one had six wings "each seraph had six wings" or "each creature had six wings" -## with two each covered ## +# with two each covered his face, and with two he covered his feet, and with two he flew -The words "wings" and "seraph" are left out of this phrase, but they are understood. AT: "with two wings each seraph covered." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) - -## with two he covered his feet ## - -AT: "with two wings each seraph covered his feet" - -## with two he flew ## - -AT: "with two wings each seraph flew" \ No newline at end of file +The words "wings" and "seraph" are understood. AT: "with two wings each seraph covered his face, and with two wings he covered his feet, and with two wings he flew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/03.md b/isa/06/03.md index b58f6504e8..9f95cc09d1 100644 --- a/isa/06/03.md +++ b/isa/06/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues to describe his vision. -## Each one called to another and said ## +# Each one called to another and said -“The seraphim called out to one another” or "The creatures proclaimed to one another" +"The seraphim called out to one another and said" or "The winged creatures proclaimed to one another" -## Holy, holy, holy ## +# Holy, holy, holy, is Yahweh of hosts -Repeating the word "holy" three times indicates God is completely holy. Alternate translation: "He is holy beyond all else" or "He is completely holy." (UDB) +Repeating the word "holy" three times indicates God is completely holy. AT: "Yahweh of hosts is holy beyond all else" or "Yahweh of hosts is completely holy" -## The whole earth is full of his glory ## +# The whole earth is full of his glory -“The glory of Yahweh fills all the earth” \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the earth as if it were a container and glory were the contents in the container. AT: "Everything on the earth is evidence of God's glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/04.md b/isa/06/04.md index 97dc59de82..0f0c728ed0 100644 --- a/isa/06/04.md +++ b/isa/06/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues to describe his vision. -## The doors and the thresholds shook at the voices of those who were crying out ## +# The foundations of the thresholds shook at the voices of those who were crying out -“When the seraphim called out, their voices shook the foundations under the doorways" +"When the seraphim called out, their voices shook the doorways and their foundations" -## and the house was filled with smoke ## +# the house was filled with smoke -AT: “and smoke filled the temple" or "and smoke filled the palace." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "smoke filled the temple" or "smoke filled the palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Woe is me! For I am doomed because I am a man of unclean lips, and I live among a people of unclean lips, because my eyes have seen the King, Yahweh, Commander of the angel armies!" ## +# Woe is me! For I am doomed -AT: "What great trouble I am in! For my eyes have seen Yahweh, Commander of the angel armies, but I am a man of unclean lips, and I live among a people of unclean lips." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am in great trouble! Terrible things will happen to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## unclean lips ## +# of unclean lips -AT: "who says things that are sinful" or "who says things that are not right." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "lips" represent what a person speaks. And, people saying things that are unacceptable to God is spoken of as if their lips were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## because my eyes have seen ## +# Yahweh, Yahweh of hosts -AT: "I have seen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh, the ruler of the angel armies" + +# my eyes have seen + +Here "eyes" represents the whole person. AT: "I have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/06.md b/isa/06/06.md index b5f19d97a1..95ff95dad1 100644 --- a/isa/06/06.md +++ b/isa/06/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues to describe his vision. -## Seraphim ## +# seraphim -See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 6:1](./01.md). +This word suggests that the creatures might have a fiery appearance or resemble snakes. Because we do not know exactly what "seraphim" means, you could translate these as "creatures" or "living things" or "beings." Or you can borrow the word and use it in your language. See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 6:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -## tongs ## +# tongs -tools used for grabbing or holding objects +a tool used for grabbing or holding objects -## your guilt has been taken away, and your sin atoned for ## +# your guilt has been taken away, and your sin atoned for -AT: “God has completely forgiven your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases say basically the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has taken away your guilt and has forgiven your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your guilt has been taken away + +Yahweh no longer considering a person to be guilty is spoken of as if "guilt" were an object that someone could take away from someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/08.md b/isa/06/08.md index 4ff8e69ca6..929fcb2075 100644 --- a/isa/06/08.md +++ b/isa/06/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues to describe his vision. -## the voice of the Lord say ## +# the voice of the Lord say -AT: "the Lord say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "voice" represents the Lord himself. AT: "the Lord say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## who will go for us ## +# Whom shall I send -Possible meanings are 1) The word "us" refers to God and his angels. 2) The Lord refers to himself as "us." When a person refers to himself this way, it emphasizes the person's authority and importance. +It is implied that Yahweh will send someone to speak his message to the people of Israel. AT: "Whom shall I send to be a messenger to my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## this people ## +# who will go for us + +It seems "us" refers to Yahweh and the members of his heavenly council to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# this people "the people of Israel" -## Listen, but do not understand; see, but not perceive ## +# Listen, but do not understand; see, but do not perceive -"Listen very carefully, but may you not understand; look very carefully, but may you not know." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the imperatives "do not understand" and "do not perceive" express what God is causing to happen. AT: "You will listen, but Yahweh will not let you understand; you will look carefully, but Yahweh will not allow you to understand" or 2) the imperatives "Listen" and "see" express the idea of "if." AT: "Even if you listen you will not understand; even if you look carefully, you will not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# Listen, but do not understand; see, but do not perceive + +You can state clearly the understood information. AT: "Listen to Yahweh's message, but do not understand what it means; look at what Yahweh is doing, but do not realize what it means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/10.md b/isa/06/10.md index b143ccfa9c..4424358f72 100644 --- a/isa/06/10.md +++ b/isa/06/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -The Lord is speaking to Isaiah +# General Information: -## Make the heart of this people calloused ## +Yahweh continues to tell Isaiah what he must do when Yahweh sends him to preach to the people. -"Make their minds dull" +# Make the heart of this people insensitive -## and make their ears deaf, and blind their eyes ## +Here "heart" represents a person's mind. A person who does not think clearly and is unable to understand and care about what is happening is spoken of as if his heart were insensitive. AT: "Make these people unable to understand" or "Make the minds of these people dull" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"and make it so that they cannot hear, and make it so that they cannot see." +# Make the heart of this people -## and then turn again ## +It may be more natural to translate "heart" and "this" as plurals. AT: "Make the hearts of these people" -"and follow me again" or "and then start trusting in me again" +# Make the heart ... insensitive -## and be healed ## +This command means that Yahweh will use Isaiah's message to cause the people to understand even less and to make them less sensitive to what Yahweh is doing. -AT: "and I would heal them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# their ears dull, and blind their eyes + +"make it so that they cannot hear, and make it so that they cannot see." Isaiah making people to not understand Yahweh's message or what he is doing is spoken of as if Isaiah were making them deaf and blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears + +People being able to understand Yahweh's message and what he is doing is spoken of as if the people were able physically to see and hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# understand with their heart + +Here "heart" represents as person's mind. Truly understanding something and caring about what is happening is spoken of as if the people were to understand with their hearts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# then turn + +Repenting and starting to obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the people were physically to turn towards him. AT: "follow me again" or "then start trusting in me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I would heal them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/11.md b/isa/06/11.md index 344e066366..4ed9691624 100644 --- a/isa/06/11.md +++ b/isa/06/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Lord, how long? ## +# Until cities crash into ruins and are without inhabitants, and the houses are without people -"Lord, how long should I continue to give your message to the people?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"Until all the cities and houses are ruined and no one lives there" -## Until cities crash into ruins without inhabitants, and the houses are without people ## +# the land falls into a desolate waste -AT: "Until all the cities and houses are ruined and there are no more people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here "falls into" is an idiom that means to become something worse. AT: "the land becomes a desolate waste" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and until Yahweh has sent the people far away, and the solitude of the land it great ## +# until Yahweh has sent the people far away, and the solitude of the land is great -AT: "and until I, Yahweh, have sent all the people far away from their land, so that no one is left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh speaks about himself in the third person. AT: "until I, Yahweh, have sent all the people far away from their land, so that no one is left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/13.md b/isa/06/13.md index 4309054efb..4dc06bec4c 100644 --- a/isa/06/13.md +++ b/isa/06/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## it will again be destroyed ## +# it will again be destroyed -AT: "armies will again destroy the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "armies will again destroy the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## as a terebinth or an oak is cut down and whose trunk remains, the holy seed is in its stump ## +# as a terebinth or an oak is cut down and whose trunk remains, the holy seed is in its stump -AT: "Like a tree stump with new shoots, the people of Israel will be a holy people who obey God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This simile means that even after Yahweh destroys Israel, he will still set apart people from among the Israelites to serve him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## terebinth ## +# terebinth a kind of oak tree (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## trunk...stump ## +# trunk ... stump -The trunk is the thick main stem of a tree, and stump is the part of a tree that remains in the ground after the tree is cut down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +A trunk is the thick main stem of a tree. A stump is the part of a tree that remains in the ground after the tree is cut down. + +# the holy seed + +The people who will serve Yahweh after armies destroy Israel are spoken of as if they were set apart as a holy seed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/06/intro.md b/isa/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9489f63d1a --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Isaiah 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 6:3-4,7-13, which are quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Heaven ##### +This vision described in this chapter is probably a scene in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +##### Isaiah's call ##### +This chapter record Isaiah's call to prophetic ministry. It recognizes the holiness of God and Isaiah recognizes his need for holiness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Inevitability ##### +The way Yahweh speaks in this chapter shows the inevitability of the punishment of Yahweh against the people of Judah. The punishment must now come. It is too late for repentance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/01.md b/isa/07/01.md index 02a6113946..398ce299e4 100644 --- a/isa/07/01.md +++ b/isa/07/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## During the days of Ahaz…king of Judah ## +# During the days of Ahaz ... king of Judah -"When Ahaz…was king of Judah" +"When Ahaz ... was king of Judah" This was when the events happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Rezin…Pekah…Remaliah ## +# Rezin ... Pekah ... Remaliah -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## It was reported to the house of David ## +# Rezin ... and Pekah ... went up -This refers to King Ahaz, who was a descendant of David, and his counselors. This can be translated with an active verb: "King Ahaz and his counselors heard the report." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The author speaks as if the kings were the armies they led. AT: "Rezin ... and Pekah ... led their armies up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## that Aram was allied with Ephraim ## +# to war against it -Here "Aram" and "Ephraim" refer to their kings. Ephraim is used here to refer to the whole northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "that Rezin, the king of Aram joined with Pekah,the king of Israel." +The author speaks as if the city itself were the people who live in it. AT: "to war against the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## His heart trembled, and the heart of his people, as the trees of the forest shake in the wind ## +# It was reported to the house of David -AT: "Ahaz and his people were very afraid." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the house of David heard the report" or "someone reported to the house of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the house of David + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family living in the house. AT: "King Ahaz and his counselors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that Aram was allied with Ephraim + +Here "Aram" and "Ephraim" refer to their kings. Here "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "that Rezin, the king of Aram was helping Pekah, the king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# His heart trembled, and the heart of his people, as the trees of the forest shake in the wind + +The trembling of their hearts at this news is compared to the way trees shake when the wind blows through them. AT: "Ahaz and his people were very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/03.md b/isa/07/03.md index 8f5cfebbdf..16b69faa11 100644 --- a/isa/07/03.md +++ b/isa/07/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## Shear-Jashub ## +# General Information: -Jashub** - Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Shear-Jashub means 'a remnant will return.'" The meaning may have given hope to Ahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Isaiah writes about what happened to him as if it had happened to someone else. -## at the end of the conduit of the upper pool ## +# Shear-Jashub -AT: "where the water enters the upper pool." +Translators may also add a footnote that says, "The name Shear-Jashub means 'a remnant will return.'" The meaning may have given hope to Ahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## on the road to the Launderer's field ## +# at the end of the conduit of the upper pool -AT: "near the place where the women wash and dry clothes." +"where the water flows out of the tunnel and enters the upper pool" -## Tell him ## +# conduit + +man-made ditch or tunnel through which water flows + +# road + +If your language has a word for a road or path that people have made smooth by filling in the low places and lowering the high places, you can use it here. + +# Launderer's Field + +Possible meanings are 1) this is the proper name by which the people called the field or 2) this is the common noun that the people used to talk about the field, "the launderer's field" or "the field where men wash wool" or "the field where women wash clothes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Launderer's Field + +A launderer is either 1) a man who washes wool that someone has cut from the sheep, "Wool Washer Field," or 2) a woman who washes dirty clothes, "Clothes Washer Field." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Tell him "Tell Ahaz" -## do not be afraid or intimidated by these two smoldering firebrands, the fierce anger of Rezin and Aram, and of Pekah, the son of Remaliah. ## +# do not be afraid or intimidated by these two smoldering firebrands, by the fierce anger of Rezin and Aram, and of Pekah son of Remaliah -God compares Rezin and Pekah to burning sticks whose fire has gone out and are making smoke now. God is emphasizing that they are not real threats to Judah. AT: "do not let Rezin and Pekah scare you. Because their fierce anger is like a burning stick whose fire has gone out and there is only smoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +God compares Rezin and Pekah to burning sticks whose fire has gone out and are making smoke now. God is emphasizing that they are not real threats to Judah. This can be stated in active form. AT: "do not let Rezin and Pekah make you afraid; their fierce anger is like a burning stick whose fire has gone out and there is only smoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# afraid or intimidated + +The words "afraid" and "intimidated" mean the same thing and can be translated as one word. AT: "afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/05.md b/isa/07/05.md index 021483e96e..3385260c69 100644 --- a/isa/07/05.md +++ b/isa/07/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Isaiah what he should tell Ahaz. (See: [Isaiah 7:3](./03.md)) -## Aram, Ephraim, and the son of Remaliah ## +# Aram, Ephraim, and the son of Remaliah -The words "Aram" and "Ephraim" refer to the kings of these lands. Also, "Ephraim" refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "Rezin the king of Aram and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The words "Aram" and "Ephraim" refer to the kings of these lands. Also, "Ephraim" represents the northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "Rezin the king of Aram and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Remaliah ## +# Remaliah -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:1](./01.md) +This is the name of a man. Translate his name as in [Isaiah 7:1](./01.md). -## have planned evil against you ## +# have planned evil against you Here "you" is singular and refers to Ahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## son of Tabeel ## +# son of Tabeel It is unknown who this man is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/07.md b/isa/07/07.md index 411c2cf078..1a0fb39ba1 100644 --- a/isa/07/07.md +++ b/isa/07/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Isaiah what he should tell Ahaz. (See: [Isaiah 7:3](./03.md)) -## and the head of Damascus is Rezin ## +# the head of Damascus is Rezin -AT: "and the king of Damascus is only Rezin." +Here "head" is a metonym for the most important part. It is implied that Rezin is only a man, and therefore cannot stop Yahweh's plan. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "the king of Damascus is Rezin, who is only a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Ephraim will be shattered and will no longer be a people ## +# sixty-five years -Here "Ephraim" refers to all of the northern kingdom of Israell. This can be translated with an active verb: "an army will destroy Ephraim, and there will no longer be a people of Israel" +"65 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## sixty-five years ## +# Ephraim will be shattered and will no longer be a people -five years** - "65 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Here "Ephraim" refers to all of the northern kingdom of Israel. This can be stated in active form. AT: "an army will destroy Ephraim, and there will no longer be a people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the head of Samaria is Remaliah’s son ## +# the head of Samaria is Remaliah's son -This means Pekah is the king of Samaria and all of Israel. AT: "the king of Samaria is only Pekah. +This means Pekah is the king of Samaria and all of Israel. AT: "the king of Samaria is Pekah, who is a weak man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## If you do not remain firm in faith, surely you will not remain secure ## +# If you do not remain firm in faith, surely you will not remain secure -AT: "If you continue to believe in me, you will certainly remain safe." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "If you continue to believe in me, you will certainly remain safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# If you do not remain + +"Unless you remain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/10.md b/isa/07/10.md index d0e238d1ed..8be94163ce 100644 --- a/isa/07/10.md +++ b/isa/07/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## ask for it in the depths or in the height above ## +# ask for it in the depths or in the height above -Yahweh uses the word "depths" and "height" to mean Ahaz could ask him for anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses the word "depths" and "height" to mean Ahaz could ask him for anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# depths ... height + +The abstract nouns "depths" and "height" can be translated with prepositions. "places far below you ... places far above you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# will not ask + +"will not ask Yahweh for a sign" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/13.md b/isa/07/13.md index 04206a10c6..6dfc962083 100644 --- a/isa/07/13.md +++ b/isa/07/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## house of David ## +# house of David -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:1](./01.md). +The word "house" is a metonym for the family living in the house. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:2](./01.md). AT: "King Ahaz, you and your counselors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Is it not enough for you to test the patience of people? Must you also test the patience of my God? ## +# Is it not enough for you people to test the patience of people? Must you also test the patience of my God? -AT: "You test the patience of of people. Now you even test the patience of my God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These questions emphasize that the king has sinned greatly. AT: "You test the patience of people! Now you even test the patience of my God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## young woman will conceive ## +# the young woman will conceive -Possible meanings are 1) a young woman old enough to marry will become pregnant the natural way or 2) a virgin will become pregnant through a miracle or 3) Isaiah is referring to both options. Sometimes a prophecy is fulfilled once in a certain way then fulfilled again later in another way. +Some ancient versions and some contemporary versions translate, "the virgin will conceive," while others translate "the young woman will conceive." -## his name Immanuel ## +# his name Immanuel -Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Immanuel means 'God with us.'" +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Immanuel means 'God with us.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## He will eat curds and honey when he knows to refuse the evil and choose the good. ## +# He will eat curds and honey when he knows to refuse the evil and choose the good -Possible meanings are 1) "By the time that child is old enough to eat curds and honey, he will be able to reject what is evil and choose what is good." This emphasizes that the child will be very young when he knows to choose what is right instead of wrong. 2) "By the time the child is old enough to reject what is evil and choose what is good, he will be eating curds and honey." The people of Judah considered a child to be responsible for doing what is right when he was 12 years old. This emphasizes that within twelve years there will be an abundance of curds and honey to eat because the most of the people of Israel will be killed or taken as captives. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "By the time that child is old enough to eat curds and honey, he will be able to reject what is evil and choose what is good." This emphasizes that the child will be very young when he knows to choose what is right instead of wrong or 2) "By the time the child is old enough to reject what is evil and choose what is good, he will be eating curds and honey." The people of Judah considered a child to be responsible for doing what is right when he was 12 years old. This emphasizes that within twelve years the people will be able to eat much curds and honey because most of the people of Israel will be killed or taken as captives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# curds + +milk that people have treated to make it into a soft solid + +# refuse the evil and choose the good + +Here "the evil" and "the good" refer to evil and good things in general. AT: "refuse to do evil deeds and choose to do good deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/16.md b/isa/07/16.md index f6b23ba0f9..13788f5415 100644 --- a/isa/07/16.md +++ b/isa/07/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues to describe the sign that God will give the house of David. -## you dread ## +# refuse the evil and choose the good + +Here "the evil" and "the good" refer to evil and good things in general. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:15](./13.md). AT: "refuse to do evil deeds and choose to do good deeds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# you dread "you fear." Here "you" is singular and refers to Ahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## your people ## +# your people This refers to the people of Judah. -## Ephraim seceded from Judah ## +# Ephraim seceded from Judah -AT: "the people of Ephraim separated from the people of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Ephriam" and "Judah" refer to the people who lived in those regions. AT: "the people of Ephraim separated from the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/18.md b/isa/07/18.md index 2f07582c47..a5d2ef8a0a 100644 --- a/isa/07/18.md +++ b/isa/07/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## At that time ## +# At that time -This refers to before the child knows to refuse the evil and choose the good, mentioned in [Isaiah 7:13](./13.md). +before the child knows to refuse the evil and choose the good ([Isaiah 7:15](./13.md)) -## Yahweh will whistle ## +# Yahweh will whistle for "Yahweh will call" or "Yahweh will summon" -## for a fly from the distant streams of Egypt, and for a bee from the land of Assyria ## +# for a fly from the distant streams of Egypt, and for a bee from the land of Assyria -AT: "for the armies of Egypt and Assyria, and their soldiers will be everywhere like flies and bees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the armies of Egypt and Assyria are spoken of as if they are insects that will invade the land of Israel. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "for the armies of Egypt and Assyria, and their soldiers will be everywhere like flies and bees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/20.md b/isa/07/20.md index 111fcb5ea8..12559cf582 100644 --- a/isa/07/20.md +++ b/isa/07/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues to describe the time when the army of Assyria will attack Israel. -the Lord will shave with a razor that was hired beyond the Euphrates River— -AT: "the Lord will use the king of Assyria from beyond the Euphrates River like a razor to shave you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he will shave ## +# the Lord will shave with a razor that was hired beyond the Euphrates River—the king of Assyria -"Yahweh will shave" \ No newline at end of file +The word "razor" is a metaphor for the king of Assyria and his army, and Yahweh speaks of the king as if the king were a man who would do Yahweh's work and then receive money from Yahweh. AT: "the Lord will call the king of Assyria from beyond the Euphrates River to work for him to shave you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that was hired + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that he bought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the head ... the hair of the legs ... also ... the beard + +It was bad to have someone shave the top of the head; it was worse to have someone shave "the hair of the legs"; it was worst of all to have someone shave the beard. + +# the head ... the hair of the legs ... the beard + +Isaiah does not say whose head, hair, and beard the Lord is going to shave, but Ahaz and the reader would understand that this is a man; the man is a metaphor for the people living in the land of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the head + +Here "the head" represents the hair that grows on it. AT: "the hair on the head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hair of the legs + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a polite way to speak of the hair on the lower body or 2) this speaks of the hair on the legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# it will also sweep + +"the razor will also sweep." If your language requires a person to be the subject of "will ... sweep," you can say, "the Lord will also sweep." + +# because of the abundance of milk which they shall give + +The abstract noun "abundance" can be translated as a clause. AT: "because they will give so much milk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/23.md b/isa/07/23.md index 3acde740d3..dd5af2a972 100644 --- a/isa/07/23.md +++ b/isa/07/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Isaiah continues to describe the time the army from Assyria will attack the land of Israel. +# General Information: -## there were a thousand vines ## +Isaiah continues to describe the time when the army from Assyria will attack the land of Israel. -"there were 1000 vineyards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# there were a thousand vines ... briers and thorns -## because all the land will be briers and thorns ## +"there were 1,000 vines." That is, when Isaiah wrote, there were vineyards, in some of which were 1,000 vines or more each. He says that these vineyards will become full of briers and thorns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -Why the hunters come to these lands can be made explicit: "because there will be nothing in these lands but briers, thorns, and wild animals." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# a thousand silver shekels -## They will stay away from all the hills that were cultivated with the hoe ## +"1000 silver shekels." A shekel is a silver coin worth 4 days wage. AT: "1,000 silver coins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -AT: "People will stay away from the hills where they once prepared the soil to plant crops." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# briers and thorns + +The words "briers" and "thorns" both refer to useless, thorny plants. It is not necessary to translate both words. AT: "thorn bushes" or "brier bushes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# because all the land will be briers and thorns + +Why the hunters come to these lands can be made explicit. AT: "because there will be nothing in these lands but briers, thorns, and wild animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They will stay away from all the hills that were cultivated with the hoe + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will stay away from the hills where they once prepared the soil to plant crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/07/intro.md b/isa/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7688165cde --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 7:7-9, 18-25, which are important quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Young woman" ##### +Some translations choose to translate this as "virgin" and believe it is a reference to the messiah being born of a virgin woman. This is only one possible translation, therefore most translations have avoided forcing this specific connotation into the meaning of the term. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Israel ##### +In this chapter, Israel is a reference to the northern kingdom of Israel and not the nation as a whole. They are also called Ephraim in this chapter after its most prominent tribe. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/01.md b/isa/08/01.md index 8c1569f9c2..90f694f5f0 100644 --- a/isa/08/01.md +++ b/isa/08/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Yahweh said to me ## +# Yahweh said to me Here the word "me" refers to Isaiah. -## I will summon faithful witnesses to attest for me ## +# I will summon faithful witnesses to attest for me -Possible meaning are 1) Yahweh is speaking: "I will call honest men to be witnesses" or 2) Isaiah is speaking: "I called honest men to be witnesses" or 3) Yahweh is commanding Isaiah: "Call honest men to be witnesses." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is speaking: "I will call honest men to be witnesses" or 2) Isaiah is speaking: "I called honest men to be witnesses" or 3) Yahweh is commanding Isaiah: "Call honest men to be witnesses." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/03.md b/isa/08/03.md index 1a5dbea1d7..e249dced2b 100644 --- a/isa/08/03.md +++ b/isa/08/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## I went to the prophetess ## +# I went to the prophetess -It can be stated explicitly that Isaiah is married to the prophetess: "I slept with my wife, the prophetess." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It can be stated explicitly that Isaiah is married to the prophetess. AT: "I slept with my wife, the prophetess" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the riches of Damascus and the plunder of Samaria will be carried away by the king of Assyria ## +# the riches of Damascus and the plunder of Samaria will be carried away by the king of Assyria -AT: "The king of Assyria will carry away all the treasures of Damascus and Samaria." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the king of Assyria will carry away all the treasures of Damascus and Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/05.md b/isa/08/05.md index 6f7eeed434..a41b2b5b64 100644 --- a/isa/08/05.md +++ b/isa/08/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Because this people have refused the gentle waters of Shiloah ## +# Because this people has refused the gentle waters of Shiloah -These gentle, flowing waters are compared to the teachings of the Lord that were always available to lead the people of Jerusalem. AT: "Because this people have rejected Yahweh's help which is like the gentle waters of Shiloah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The words "gentle waters" are a metaphor for the law of the Lord. AT: "Because this people has rejected Yahweh's law, which is like the gentle waters of Shiloah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and are happy over Rezin and Remaliah’s son ## +# this people -See how you translated these names in [Isaiah 7:1](../07/01.md). The full meaning can be made explicit: "and are happy that the armies of Assyria have defeated Rezin, king of Aram, and Pekah, Remaliah's son, king of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"this people group." If your language needs a plural here, you can translate this phrase and the following verbs as "these people have refused ... are happy." -## therefore the Lord is ## +# is happy over Rezin and Remaliah's son -Yahweh is still speaking. He refers to himself as "the Lord." AT: "therefore I am." +The full meaning can be made explicit. See how you translated these men's names in [Isaiah 7:1](../07/01.md). AT: "is happy that the armies of Assyria have defeated Rezin, king of Aram, and Pekah, Remaliah's son, king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## up on them ## +# therefore the Lord is -"up on the people of Judah" +Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were someone else to remind the people of who he is. AT: "therefore I, the Lord, am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## the waters of the River, mighty and many, the king of Assyria and all his glory ## +# bring up on them -AT: "the army from Assyria that is powerful like a mighty river." \ No newline at end of file +The verb is "bring up"; the adverb is "on them." + +# on them + +"on the people of Judah" + +# the waters of the River, mighty and many, the king of Assyria and all his glory + +The river symbolizes the army of Assyria. AT: "the army from Assyria, which is powerful like a mighty river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the River + +the Euphrates River in Assyria \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/08.md b/isa/08/08.md index 7756344f5d..bc5fb95236 100644 --- a/isa/08/08.md +++ b/isa/08/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -The Lord continues to describe the army of Assyria as a river that will flood Judah. (See: [Isaiah 8:5](./05.md)) +# General Information: -## and it will sweep onward into Judah, flooding and passing on, until it reaches to the your neck ## +The Lord continues to describe the army of Assyria as a river that will flood Judah. (See: [Isaiah 8:7](./05.md)) -"and more and more soldiers will come like waters rising up to your neck" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AT: "The army will spread out over your entire land like a bird spreading its wings over its prey." +# The River will sweep onward into Judah, flooding and passing on, until it reaches to your neck -## O Immanuel ## +The army of Assyria is like a flood of water. AT: "More and more soldiers will come like a river rising up to your neck" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:13](../07/13.md). \ No newline at end of file +# The River + +This refers to the Euphrates River in Assyria. This is a metonym for the Assyrian soldiers, who will come from their homes by the Euphrates River ([Isaiah 8:7](./05.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Its outstretched wings will fill + +Possible meanings are 1) as "the River" in the metaphor rises, its "wings" flow over and cover what had been dry land or 2) Isaiah changes metaphors and now speaks of Yahweh as a bird who is protecting the land, "But his outstretched wings will cover." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Immanuel + +Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Immanuel means 'God with us.'" See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:14](../07/13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/09.md b/isa/08/09.md index b4909e218d..05e08ca419 100644 --- a/isa/08/09.md +++ b/isa/08/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## You peoples will be broken to pieces ## +# You peoples will be broken to pieces -AT: "I will break your armies to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will break your armies to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Listen, all you distant countries ## +# Listen, all you distant countries -AT: "Listen, all you people in far away places." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +Isaiah speaks as if people in other countries can hear him. AT: "Listen, all you people in far away places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## arm yourselves for war and be broken in pieces; arm yourselves and be broken in pieces ## +# arm yourselves for war and be broken in pieces; arm yourselves and be broken in pieces -AT: "you can prepare yourselves for battle, but I will defeat you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This is basically the same thing, stated twice for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you can prepare yourselves for battle, but I will defeat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Form a plan, but it will not be carried out; issue the command, but it will not be carried out ## +# Form a plan, but it will not be carried out; issue the command, but it will not be carried out -AT: "You can prepare to attack Judah, but you will not succeed. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You can prepare to attack Judah, but you will not succeed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will not be carried out ... it will not be carried out + +To "carry out" a plan or command is to do what the person who makes the plan or command wants the hearer to do. These clauses can be stated in active form. AT: "you will not be able to do what you plan to do ... your soldiers will not be able to do what their commanders tell them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/11.md b/isa/08/11.md index b54ab2cf44..92df58dc39 100644 --- a/isa/08/11.md +++ b/isa/08/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Yahweh spoke to me, with his strong hand upon me ## +# Yahweh spoke to me, with his strong hand upon me -"Yahweh spoke to me in a very powerful way" +Here "his strong hand upon me" is an idiom that refers to Yahweh's power. AT: "Yahweh spoke to me in a very powerful way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and warned me not to walk in the way of this people ## +# warned me not to walk in the way of this people. -"and warned me not to act like this people." This is an indirect quote that ends in 8:17. AT: "and warned me and said, 'do not act like this people.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +This is an indirect quote that ends in 8:17. AT: "warned me and said, 'Do not act like this people.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## Do not call conspiracy anything that this people calls conspiracy ## +# Do not call conspiracy anything that this people calls conspiracy -AT: "Do not worry like this people who think someone is always trying to harm them." +The people imagine there are conspiracies, and it makes them anxious. AT: "Do not worry like this people who think someone is always trying to harm them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Yahweh of Hosts, him you will treat as holy; him you will fear, him you will be in awe of ## +# It is Yahweh of hosts whom you will honor as holy; he is the one you must fear, and he is the one you must dread -If you translate this as a direct quote you can also translate it with Yahweh speaking in the first person: "But, you will consider me, Yahweh of Hosts, as holy. And, you will fear and be in awe of me." \ No newline at end of file +If you translate this as a direct quote, you can also translate it with Yahweh speaking in the first person: "But you will consider me, Yahweh of Hosts, as holy. And you will fear and be in awe of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/14.md b/isa/08/14.md index 1046899b42..08f6a31e1b 100644 --- a/isa/08/14.md +++ b/isa/08/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -13]]) +# General Information: -## He will ## +Isaiah continues the indirect quote of Yahweh that began in [Isaiah 8:11-13](./11.md). It can be translated as a direct quote with Yahweh speaking in the first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -AT: "I will" (UDB) +# He will become a sanctuary -## be a sanctuary ## +The word "sanctuary" is a metaphor for Yahweh keeping his people safe and protecting them. AT: "He will protect them when they go to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "I will be like a sanctuary and I will protect you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# he will be a stone of striking, and a rock of stumbling -## but he will be a stone that makes one trip and a rock that makes one stumble ## +The words "stone of striking" and "rock of stumbling" are both metaphors for Yahweh harming his people. Some translate "striking" and "stumbling" as "stumbling" and "falling"; others translate as "offense" and "stumbling." AT: "he will harm his people, like a stone against which people strike their feet and stumble, and like a rock that causes people to fall down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "but for those who do not consider me holy I will be like a stone that they will trip over." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# he will be a trap and a snare to the people of Jerusalem -## to both the houses of Israel, as a trap and as a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem ## +The words "trap" and "snare" mean almost the same thing and emphasize that when Yahweh decides to punish the people of Jerusalem they will not be able to escape. AT: "he will trap the people of Jerusalem so they cannot escape him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -AT: "For the people in Israel and Jerusalem that do not fear me, I will be like a trap." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +# trap -## Many will stumble over it and fall and be broken, and be ensnared and captured ## +a device that catches a bird in a net or basket -AT: "Many people will stumble over the stone, and when they fall they will not get up. And, many people will step into the trap, and they will not be able to get out." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# snare + +a trap that catches and holds an animal's leg or nose + +# Many will stumble over it and fall and be broken, and be ensnared and captured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Many people will stumble over the stone, and when they fall they will not get up. And many people will step into the trap, and they will not be able to get out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# ensnared and captured + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that they will be caught in the trap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/16.md b/isa/08/16.md index 377cc056e4..7f6039ea2c 100644 --- a/isa/08/16.md +++ b/isa/08/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Bind up my testimony, seal the the official record ## +# Bind up my testimony, seal the official record -AT: "Close up tightly the scroll with this message written on it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "Close up tightly the scroll with this message written on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## my testimony...my disciples ## +# my testimony ... my disciples It is unclear to whom the word "my" refers. It could be Isaiah or Yahweh. It is best to leave the pronouns ambiguous if your language will allow it. -## I will wait for Yahweh ## +# I will wait for Yahweh Here "I" refers to Isaiah. -## who hides his face from the house of Jacob ## +# who hides his face from the house of Jacob -AT: "who has taken away his blessing from the people of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh's "face" is a metonym for his blessing or favor. AT: "who has taken away his blessing from the house of Jacob" or "who no longer looks with favor on the house of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I and the sons whom Yahweh has given me are for signs and for wonders in Israel ## +# house of Jacob -"I and the sons Yahweh has given me are like signs to warn the people of Israel." The sons are Shear-Jashub and Maher-shalal-hash-baz whose names are a message to the people of Israel. (See: [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md) and [Isaiah 8:1](./01.md)) \ No newline at end of file +people of Israel + +# I and the sons whom Yahweh has given me are for signs and for wonders in Israel + +"I and the sons Yahweh has given me are like signs to warn the people of Israel." The sons are Shear-Jashub and Maher-shalal-hash-baz, whose names are a message to the people of Israel. (See: [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md) and [Isaiah 8:1](./01.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/19.md b/isa/08/19.md index b42cbe973a..59ee4af202 100644 --- a/isa/08/19.md +++ b/isa/08/19.md @@ -1,25 +1,51 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah is speaking. -## They will say to you ## +# They will say to you, "Consult with the mediums and magicians," those who chirp and mutter incantations. But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? To the law and to the testimony! -The word "They" refers to those who do not trust Yahweh. The word "you" is plural and refers to those who trust Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Other possible meanings are 1) "They will say to you, 'Consult with the mediums and magicians, those who chirp and mutter incantations. Should a people not consult their gods? They should consult the dead on behalf of the living for teaching and for testimony.'" or 2) "When they say to you, 'Consult with the mediums and magicians, those who chirp and mutter incantations,' should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? To the law and to the testimony!" -## Consult with ## +# They will say to you -"Talk with" +The word "they" refers to those who do not trust Yahweh. The word "you" is plural and refers to those who trust Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## mediums and magicians ## +# Consult with the mediums and magicians -"witches and wizards." This refers to those who said they could speak with those who had died. +"Ask the mediums and magicians what you should do" -## those who chirp and mutter incantations ## +# mediums and magicians -"those who whisper and mutter their magic words to try and speak to dead people." The words "chirp" and "mutter" refer to the sounds mediums and magicians made when trying to speak to dead people. +those who claim to speak with those who have died -## But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? ## +# those who chirp and mutter incantations -AT: "But people should ask Yahweh to guide them. They should not seek answers from those who have died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The words "chirp" and "mutter" refer to the sounds mediums and magicians made when trying to speak to dead people. AT: "those who whisper and mutter their magic words to try and speak to dead people" -## If they do not say such things, it is because they have no light of dawn ## +# chirp -AT: "If they do not speak of the law and the testimony, it is because they are like a person lost in the dark." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +make sounds like birds + +# But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? + +These questions are to show that people could consult God instead of the foolish activity of trying to talk to dead people. AT: "But people should ask Yahweh to guide them. They should not seek answers from those who have died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# To the law and to the testimony + +Possible meanings are 1) "Pay attention to God's instructions and teaching" or 2) "Then you must remember the teaching and testimony I gave." ([Isaiah 8:16](./16.md)). + +# the law + +This is the same word translated "official record" in [Isaiah 8:16](./16.md). + +# the testimony + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 8:16](./16.md). + +# If they do not say such things + +"If they do not speak of the law and the testimony" + +# it is because they have no light of dawn + +Isaiah speaks of people who do not know God as if they were people walking in darkness without any light. AT: "it is because they are like a person lost in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/21.md b/isa/08/21.md index 4ee46abbd5..a7dd507ba4 100644 --- a/isa/08/21.md +++ b/isa/08/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## oppressive gloom ## +# oppressive gloom "terrible sadness" -## They will be driven into a land of darkness ## +# They will be driven into a land of darkness -AT: "Yahweh will drive them out into complete darkness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will drive them out into complete darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/08/intro.md b/isa/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..883a836da7 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 8:6-18, 21-22, which are important quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust in Yahweh ##### +Israel will not trust in Yahweh. Instead, they will trust in their own power, their Gentile allies and the power of false gods. They will be punished because the power of Yahweh is greater than all of these. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/01.md b/isa/09/01.md index 1d36762edd..1e15d897fe 100644 --- a/isa/09/01.md +++ b/isa/09/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## The gloom will be dispelled from her who is in anguish ## +# The gloom will be dispelled from her who was in anguish -AT: "Yahweh will remove the darkness from the people of Israel who were in intense pain." (See: en:bible:team-info:training:topics:figures:metaphor and en:bible:team-info:training:topics:grammar:active) +Isaiah speaks of people who are spiritually lost as if they were walking around in total darkness. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will remove the darkness from her who was in anguish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The gloom ## +# The gloom -This word means "partial or total darkness." See how you translated "gloom" in [Isaiah 8:21](../08/21.md). +This word means "partial or total darkness." Translate as you translated "gloom" in [Isaiah 08:22](../08/21.md). -## In an earlier time he humiliated the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali ## +# her who was in anguish -AT: "In the past, the Lord humbled those living in Zebulun and Naphtali." (See: en:bible:team-info:training:topics:figures:metonymy) +"her who was suffering great pain and sadness." This is probably a metaphor for the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but in the later time he will make it glorious, the way to the sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the nations ## +# In an earlier time he humiliated the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali -"But in the future, the Lord will honor the people of Galilee, from the way to the Mediterranean sea to the Jordan River where many people from other nations live." +"Land" refers to the people who live in an area. AT: "In the past, the Lord humbled those living in Zebulun and Naphtali" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light; those who have lived in the land of the shadow of death, the light has shone on them. ## +# but in the later time he will make it glorious, the way to the sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the nations -AT: "The people who had lived in the land of darkness and death will see a bright light.(See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). \ No newline at end of file +Here "it" refers to Galilee which represents the people who live there. AT: "but in the future, the Lord will honor the people of Galilee of the nations, which is on the road between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Galilee of the nations + +Here "nations" represents the people from other nations that live in Galilee. AT: "Galilee, where many foreigners live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# walked in darkness ... lived in the land of the shadow of death + +Isaiah speaks of the people living sinful lives and suffering because of it as if they had been walking in a dark or living in a land of shadow of death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a great light ... light has shone + +Here "light" represents hope and deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land of the shadow of death + +The phrase "shadow of death" is an idiom that means absolute darkness. AT: "the land of deepest darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/03.md b/isa/09/03.md index 9dfd2e30b5..14bbfaf37a 100644 --- a/isa/09/03.md +++ b/isa/09/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## You have multiplied the nation, you have increased their joy ## +Isaiah continues to describe the time when God will save the people of Israel. Although these events will happen in the future ([Isaiah 9:1](./01.md)), Isaiah describes them as if they have already happened. This emphasizes that they certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -The word "you" refers to Yahweh. The word "their" refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah includes himself as part of Israel. AT: "Lord, you will greatly increase our people and our joy." +# You have multiplied the nation; you have increased their joy -## they rejoice before you like the joy at harvest time, as men rejoice when they divide the plunder ## +The word "you" refers to Yahweh. The word "their" refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah includes himself as part of Israel. AT: "Lord, you will greatly increase our people and our joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "We will rejoice before you like when people gather their crops or like when a battle is over and soldiers divide what they took." \ No newline at end of file +# They rejoice before you like the joy at harvest time, as men rejoice when they divide the plunder + +The joy that Yahweh will give Israel is described as the same kind of joy people have when they bring in a harvest or divide valuable plunder. AT: "They will rejoice before you as people rejoice when they gather their crops or when a battle is over and soldiers divide what they took" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/04.md b/isa/09/04.md index ee2cf46450..a5ea220dfa 100644 --- a/isa/09/04.md +++ b/isa/09/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## For the yoke of his burden, the beam across his shoulder, the rod of his oppressor, you have shattered ## +Isaiah continues to describe the time when God will save the people of Israel. Although these events will happen in the future ([Isaiah 9:1-2](./01.md)), Isaiah describes them as if they have already happened. This emphasizes that they certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -The word "his" refers to the people of Israel. Isaiah includes himself as a part of Israel. Isaiah compares the slaves from Israel to oxen wearing yokes. AT: "You will free the slaves from Israel like a person removing a yoke from an oxen, and you will shatter the rod of the one who oppresses us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# For the yoke of his burden ... you have shattered as on the day of Midian -## as on the day of Midian ## +Isaiah speaks of the Israelites, who are the Assyrians' slaves, as if they were an ox wearing a yoke. This will happen in the future, but he speaks as if it has already happened. AT: "For as on the day of Midian you will set the people of Israel free from being slaves to their oppressors like a person removes a yoke from the shoulders of an animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -AT: "as when you defeated the Midianites." +# For the yoke of his burden ... his shoulder ... his oppressor -## every boot treading in the tumult and the garments rolled in blood will be burned ## +Isaiah speaks of the people of Israel as if they were one man. AT: "For the yoke of their burden ... their shoulders ... their oppressor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "You will burn the boots of the soldiers and their clothes which are covered with blood." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# the beam across his shoulder -## fuel for the fire ## +The beam is the part of the yoke that goes over the shoulders of the ox. -This can be translated as a new sentence: "You will make them fuel for the fire." \ No newline at end of file +# beam + +Another possible meaning is "staff," a long piece of wood that a person uses to beat the oxen so they will work and a symbol of one person's power to rule other people. + +# the rod of his oppressor + +Isaiah speaks of the power the oppressor has over the people of Judah as if it were the piece of wood used by a person to beat oxen so they will work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as on the day of Midian + +The word "day" is an idiom that can refer to an event that takes more than one day to happen. AT: "as when you defeated the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# every boot treading in the tumult and the garments rolled in blood will be burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will burn the boots of the soldiers and their clothes, which are covered with blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# burned, fuel for the fire + +This can be made more explicit by translating it as a new sentence. AT: "burned. You will make the boots and the garments fuel for the fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/06.md b/isa/09/06.md index b1f631c0fc..65131ae84d 100644 --- a/isa/09/06.md +++ b/isa/09/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## For to us a child has been born, to us a son has been given ## +Isaiah continues to describe the time when God will save the people of Israel ([Isaiah 9:1-2](./01.md)). Although these events will happen in Isaiah's future, he describes them as if they have already happened. This emphasizes that they certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -AT: "For the Lord will give to us a child." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and en:bible:team-info:training:topics:grammar:inclusive and en:bible:team-info:training:topics:grammar:active). +# For to us a child has been born, to us a son has been given -## the rule will be on his shoulder ## +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The word "us" refers to both the speaker and the hearer and so is inclusive. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For the Lord will give to us a child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"The son will rule the people" +# the rule will be on his shoulder -## to establish it and sustain it with justice and with righteousness ## +His authority to rule is spoken of as if it were the robe that is a symbol of his authority. AT: "he will wear his royal robe on his shoulder" or "he will have authority to rule as king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This can be translated as a new sentence: "He will establish and protect his kingdom and he will do what is fair and just" +# Counselor -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +one who advises kings + +# Of the increase of his government and of peace there will be no end + +"As time passes he will rule over more and more people and enable them to live more and more peacefully" + +# rules on the throne of David + +Sitting on the "throne of David" is a metonym for having the right to rule; only David's descendants could be king over Israel. AT: "has the right to rule as David's descendant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his kingdom, to establish it and sustain it with justice and with righteousness + +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "his kingdom. He will establish and protect his kingdom, and he will do what is fair and just" + +# Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/08.md b/isa/09/08.md index bc81e6c92e..fba6b12771 100644 --- a/isa/09/08.md +++ b/isa/09/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## The Lord sent a word against Jacob and it fell on Israel ## +# The Lord sent a word against Jacob, and it fell on Israel -AT: "The Lord has spoken against the people of Israel." (See: en:bible:team-info:training:topics:figures:metonymy) +"Send a word" means to speak. AT: "The Lord has spoken against the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## All people will know, even Ephraim and the inhabitants of Samaria ## +# Jacob ... Israel ... Ephraim ... Samaria -What they will know can be made explicit: "All the people will know that the Lord has judged them, even those in Ephraim and Samaria." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +These names all refer to the people of the northern kingdom of Israel. -## who say in pride and with an arrogant heart ## +# All the people will know, even Ephraim and the inhabitants of Samaria -AT: "who so proudly say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +What they will know can be made explicit. AT: "All the people will know that the Lord has judged them, even those in Ephraim and Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The bricks have fallen, but we will rebuild with chiseled stone; the sycamores have been cut down, but we will put cedars in their place ## +# The bricks have fallen, but we will rebuild with chiseled stone; the sycamores have been cut down, but we will put cedars in their place -The full meaning can be made explicit: "We will replace the common bricks of our destroyed cities with expensive cut stone, and we will plant great cedar trees where ordinary sycamore trees grew." \ No newline at end of file +The full meaning can be made explicit. This can be stated in active form. AT: "We will replace the common bricks of our destroyed cities with expensive cut stone, and we will plant great cedar trees where ordinary sycamore trees grew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/11.md b/isa/09/11.md index 72ac67e9e8..8db8cb4947 100644 --- a/isa/09/11.md +++ b/isa/09/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Therefore Yahweh will raise up against him, Rezin, his adversary ## +# Therefore Yahweh will raise up against him Rezin, his adversary -See how you translated Rezin in [Isaiah 7:1](../07/01.md). AT: "Therefore, Yahweh will send the enemy of Rezin against the people of Israel." (See: en:bible:team-info:training:topics:figures:metonymy) +Here "Rezin" represents himself and his army. AT: "Therefore, Yahweh will bring Rezin and his army against the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## and will stir up his enemies ## +# Rezin -AT: "and Yahweh will make the enemy armies attack the people of Israel" +This is the name of a man. See how you translated Rezin in [Isaiah 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## They will devour Israel with open mouth ## +# will stir up his enemies -AT: "Like a wild beast eating its prey, the army of the enemy will destroy the people of Israel" (See: en:bible:team-info:training:topics:figures:metaphor) +The phrase "stir up" is an idiom that means to incite them to attack. AT: "Yahweh will cause Israel's enemies to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## his hand will still be stretched out to strike ## +# They will devour Israel with open mouth -AT: "he is ready to punish them more with his powerful hand" or "he will punish them again with his power" (See: en:bible:team-info:training:topics:figures:metonymy) \ No newline at end of file +"Devour" is how wild animals eat their prey. AT: "Like a wild beast eating its prey, the army of the enemy will destroy the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In all these things, his anger does not subside; instead, his hand + +"Even though all these things have happened, he is still angry, and his hand." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). + +# his hand is still stretched out + +Isaiah speaks as if Yahweh were a person about to hit another person with his fist. This is a metaphor for Yahweh punishing Israel. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). AT: "he will still be ready to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/13.md b/isa/09/13.md index 982f586de7..a87b05969d 100644 --- a/isa/09/13.md +++ b/isa/09/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Yet the people will not turn to him who struck them, nor will they seek Yahweh of Hosts ## - -AT: "Still the people of Israel will not return to Yahweh of Hosts who punished them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## head and tail, palm branch and reed ## +# head and tail -the leaders of Israel. He uses words with opposite meanings to emphasize that Yahweh will remove all of the leaders of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Isaiah explains this metaphor in verse 15. The "head," the part of an animal a person would want to be, is "the leader and the noble man," and the "tail," the dirty part of the animal, is "the prophet who teaches lies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# palm branch and reed + +The "palm branch" grows high on the tree and is a metaphor for people who are important and rule others. The "reed" grows in shallow water and is a metaphor for people who are poor and unimportant and are ruled by others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/16.md b/isa/09/16.md index 93d54d9dcc..b108d94ec5 100644 --- a/isa/09/16.md +++ b/isa/09/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Those who lead this people lead them astray ## +# Those who lead this people lead them astray -"The leaders of Israel have caused the people to disobey God" +The leaders causing people to disobey is spoken of as if the leaders led them on the wrong path. AT: "The leaders of Israel have caused the people to disobey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and those who are led by them are swallowed up ## +# those who are led by them are swallowed up -AT: "and the people are confused" or "and God will destroy the people they lead" (See: en:bible:team-info:training:topics:grammar:active) +This is a metaphor that can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "those that they lead become confused" or 2) AT: "Yahweh destroys those that they lead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## every mouth speaks foolish things ## +# every mouth speaks foolish things The word "mouth" refers to the person. AT: "every person speaks foolish things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## his anger does not subside ## +# In all these things, his anger does not subside; instead, his hand -"his anger does not stop" +"Even though all these things have happened, he is still angry, and his hand." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). -## his hand will still be stretched out to strike ## +# his hand is still stretched out -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 9:11](./11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Isaiah speaks as if Yahweh were a person about to hit another person with his fist. This is a metaphor for Yahweh punishing Israel. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). AT: "he will still be ready to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/18.md b/isa/09/18.md index 03d5070205..c150d758a5 100644 --- a/isa/09/18.md +++ b/isa/09/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## briers and thorns ## +# Wickedness burns like a fire; it devours the briers and thorns; it even burns the thickets of the forest -See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 5:5](../05/05.md). +The people's evil deeds are spoken of as if they were a very destructive fire. This fire burns even the briers and thorns, plants that grow in places where people no longer live, and "the thickets of the forest" where no one has ever lived, because it has already destroyed the places where people were living. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Through overflowing anger of Yahweh of Hosts, the land is scorched ## +# briers ... thorns -See how you translated "Yahweh of Hosts" in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). AT: "Like fire that scorches the land, the Lord's intense anger will destroy the people of Israel." (See: :en:bible:team-info:training:topics:grammar:active) \ No newline at end of file +The words "briers" and "thorns" both refer to useless, thorny plants; they can be translated using one word. See how you translated these words in [Isaiah 7:23](../07/23.md). AT: "thorn bushes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Through the fury of Yahweh of hosts the land is scorched + +Translate "Yahweh of hosts" as in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). This can be stated in active form. AT: "Like fire that scorches the land, the Lord's intense anger will destroy the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# No man spares his brother + +To "spare" someone means to save them from harm. AT: "No one does anything to help his own brother escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/20.md b/isa/09/20.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..76f86cf2eb --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/09/20.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# They will grab food on the right hand ... on the left hand + +This expression means that the people will grab food wherever they can find it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Each will even eat the flesh of his own arm + +Possible meanings are 1) people will be so hungry that they will want to eat or will actually eat their own arms or 2) the word "arm" is a metaphor for the person's neighbor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In all these things, his anger does not subside; instead, his hand + +"Even though all these things have happened, he is still angry, and his hand." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). + +# his hand is still stretched out + +Isaiah speaks as if Yahweh were a person about to hit another person with his fist. This is a metaphor for Yahweh punishing Israel. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). AT: "he will still be ready to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/09/intro.md b/isa/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6e396fa54f --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins with a prophecy that is a continuation of the prophecy concluding the previous chapter. Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 9:1-22, which is an extended quotation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Messiah ##### +The prophecy in 9:1-7 is about the coming messiah. Parts of this prophecy were fulfilled when he first came to earth. Other parts are to be fulfilled when he will return in glory to earth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Fulfillment of prophecies ##### +Some of the the prophecies in this chapter were fulfilled in Isaiah's lifetime while others are fulfilled in the distant future. Some scholars believe that there can be multiple fulfillments of each of these prophecies, while others see only one complete fulfillment. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/01.md b/isa/10/01.md index d8c3652cc7..da3d473bed 100644 --- a/isa/10/01.md +++ b/isa/10/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## to those who enact unjust laws and institute unfair decrees ## +# to those who enact unjust laws and write unfair decrees -"to those who make laws and decrees that are not fair to everyone" +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "to those who make laws and decrees that are not fair to everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## They deprive the needy of justice, rob the poor of my people of their rights ## +# They deprive the needy of justice, rob the poor of my people of their rights -"They are unjust to the poor and needy among my people" +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "They are unjust to the poor and needy among my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the needy ## +# the needy "poor people" -## plunder widows ## +# plunder widows -"take everything from the women whose husbands have died" +"take everything from women whose husbands have died" -## and make the fatherless their prey ## +# make the fatherless their prey -Isaiah compares orphans to animals that other animals hunt and eat. This emphasizes that orphans are powerless and judges can easily harm them. Alternate translation: "and harm children who do not have parents like an animal that goes after its prey." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Isaiah compares orphans to animals that other animals hunt and eat. This emphasizes that orphans are powerless and judges can easily harm them. AT: "harm children who do not have parents like an animal that goes after its prey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## prey ## +# prey -See how you translated "prey" in [Isaiah 5:29](../05/29.md). \ No newline at end of file +Translated "prey" as in [Isaiah 5:29](../05/29.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/03.md b/isa/10/03.md index afa28900d5..1ef52fcddf 100644 --- a/isa/10/03.md +++ b/isa/10/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## judgment day ## +# What will you do on judgment day ... away? -"the day when God comes to judge you” or ”when God punishes you” +Isaiah uses a question to scold those in Judah who harm the poor and weak people. AT: "You will be able to do nothing on judgment day ... away!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What will you do on judgment day when the destruction comes from far ## +# judgment day -Isaiah uses a question to scold those in Judah who harm the poor and weak people. Alternate translation: "But there is nothing you will be able to do when Yahweh judges you and when those from far away come to destroy you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"the day when Yahweh comes to judge you" or "the day when Yahweh punishes you" -## To whom will you flee for help, and where will you leave your wealth ## +# To whom will you flee for help, and where will you leave your wealth? -Isaiah uses a question to scold those in Judah who harm the poor and weak people. Alternate translation: "There is nowhere to run for help, and you will have nowhere to hide your riches." +Isaiah uses a question to scold those in Judah who harm the poor and weak people. AT: "You have nowhere to run for help, and you will have nowhere to hide your riches!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Nothing remains ## +# Nothing remains, and you crouch -"Nothing remains for you to do." Alternate translation: "There is nothing you can to do to help yourselves." +Possible meanings are 1) "None of your wealth remains as you crouch" or 2) "You can do nothing else but crouch." -## and you crouch among the prisoners or fall among the killed ## +# you crouch among the prisoners or fall among the killed -"and your enemies will either take you as a prisoner or will kill you" +"your enemies will either take you as a prisoner or will kill you" -## For all this Yahweh's anger does not subside, but his hand is still stretched out to strike ## +# In all these things, his anger does not subside -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). \ No newline at end of file +"Even though all these things have happened, he is still angry." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). + +# his hand is still stretched out + +Isaiah speaks as if Yahweh were a person about to hit another person with his fist. This is a metaphor for Yahweh punishing Israel. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). AT: "he will still be ready to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/05.md b/isa/10/05.md index aad12d6c1c..e5438fa9c7 100644 --- a/isa/10/05.md +++ b/isa/10/05.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## Woe ## +# Woe This word marks the beginning of God's announcement about a severe punishment against Assyria. -## the Assyrian ## +# the Assyrian -This refers to the king of Assyria. Alternate translation: "king of Assyria." +This refers to the king of Assyria. -## the club of my anger, the rod by whom I wield my fury ## +# the club of my anger, the rod by whom I wield my fury -Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh compares the king of Assyria to a weapon a person holds in his hand and hits other people with it. It emphasizes that the king of Assyria and his army are a tool that Yahweh uses to punish Israel. Alternate translation: "He will be like a weapon in my hands and I will use it to show my anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh compares the king of Assyria to a weapon a person holds in his hand and hits other people with. It emphasizes that the king of Assyria and his army are a tool that Yahweh uses to punish Israel. AT: "who will be like a weapon in my hands that I will use to show my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I send him…I order him ## +# I send him ... I order him -The word "him" here also refers to the king of Assyria. But it does not mean God is only sending the king. He is sending the army of Assyria. Alternate translation: "I send the army of Assyria...I order them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "him" here also refers to the king of Assyria. But it does not mean God is only sending the king; he is sending with him the army of Assyria. AT: "I send the army of Assyria ... I order them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## against an arrogant nation and against the people who bear my overflowing wrath ## +# against an arrogant nation and against the people who bear my overflowing wrath -"to attack a nation full of proud people that have made me very angry" +"to attack a nation full of proud people who have made me very angry" -## to take the spoil ## +# who bear my overflowing wrath + +Yahweh speaks of his wrath as if it were more liquid than a container could hold; "the people" are trying to carry this container, but it is heavy, and Yahweh keeps pouring liquid in even after it starts to spill out. AT: "at whom I continue to be angry even after I have punished them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to take the spoil "to take everything they have" -## to take the prey ## +# to take the prey -to take the people like prey. "See how you translated "prey" in [Isaiah 5:29](../05/29.md). +to take the people like prey. See how you translated "prey" in [Isaiah 5:29](../05/29.md). -## and to trample them like mud in the streets ## +# trample them like mud -Yahweh compares the army of Assyria attacking Israel to people stomping through the mud. This emphasizes the power of the army and Israel will not have the power to stop them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh compares the army of Assyria attacking Israel to people stomping through mud who do not care what happens to the mud. AT: "trample them until they become like mud" or 2) the people are stomping on other people so they are lying in the mud and unable to rise. This is a metaphor for completely defeating them. AT: "completely defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/07.md b/isa/10/07.md index 8ba771cc38..f8a90ed13e 100644 --- a/isa/10/07.md +++ b/isa/10/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## But this is not what he intends, nor does he think this way ## +# But this is not what he intends, nor does he think this way -The meaning of "this" and "this way" can be made explicit: "But the king of Assyria does not intend to do what I tell him, nor does he think that I am using him as my weapon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The meaning of "this" and "this way" can be made explicit. AT: "But the king of Assyria does not intend to do what I tell him, nor does he think that I am using him as my weapon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## It is in his heart to destroy and eliminate many nations ## +# It is in his heart to destroy and eliminate many nations -The words "destroy" and "eliminate" mean basically the same thing. They are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: "He wants to completely destroy many nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "destroy" and "eliminate" mean basically the same thing. They are used for emphasis. AT: "He wants to completely destroy many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Are not all my princes kings? ## +# Are not all my princes kings? -The king of Assyria uses a question to emphasize what he believes everyone should already know. Alternate translation: "I have made captains of my army kings over lands I have conquered." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The king of Assyria uses a question to emphasize what he believes everyone should already know. AT: "I have made captains of my army kings over lands I have conquered!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Is not Calno like Carchemish? Is not Hamath like Arpad? Is not Samaria like Damascus? ## +# Is not Kalno like Carchemish? Is not Hamath like Arpad? Is not Samaria like Damascus? -The king of Assyria uses these questions for emphasis. Alternate translation: "Calno is no different than Carchemish. Hamath is no different than Arpad. Samaria is no different than Damascus. I have conquered them all!" +The king of Assyria uses these questions for emphasis. AT: "Kalno is no different from Carchemish. Hamath is no different from Arpad. Samaria is no different from Damascus. I have conquered them all!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Calno…Carchemish…Hamath…Arpad ## +# Kalno ... Carchemish ... Hamath ... Arpad These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/10.md b/isa/10/10.md index d3dcb6ad88..3c74c6fbbd 100644 --- a/isa/10/10.md +++ b/isa/10/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues to quote what the king of Assyria says. (See: [Isaiah 10:7](./07.md)) +# General Information: -## As my hand has overcome ## +Yahweh continues to quote what the king of Assyria says. (See: [Isaiah 10:8](./07.md)) -"As my powerful army has defeated" or "As I have conquered." Here the word "my" refers to the king of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# As my hand has overcome -## whose carved figures were greater ## +"Hand" is a reference to military strength. AT: "As my powerful army has defeated" or "As I have conquered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -During this time people believed the power of a kingdom indicated the power of the god they worshiped. The king of Assyria is saying that he can defeat Jerusalem since he has defeated other kingdoms that were more powerful than Jerusalem. +# my -## just as I did to Samaria and her worthless idols ## +This refers to the king of Assyria. -The word "Samaria" refers to the people who lived there. And, "her" refers to the city of Samaria. Cities and nations were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: "just as I did to the people of Samaria and their worthless idols." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# whose carved figures were greater -## will I not also do the same to Jerusalem and to her idols? ## +During this time people believed that the greatness of an idol showed how powerful the kingdom that had built it was. The king of Assyria is saying that because the idols in Jerusalem are not as great as the idols of the kingdoms he has defeated, Jerusalem would be less able to defeat him than they were. -The king of Assyria used this question to emphasize the certainty that he will conquer the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "I will certainly do the same to Jerusalem and her idols!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# just as I did to Samaria and her worthless idols + +The word "Samaria" refers to the people who lived there, and "her" refers to the city of Samaria. Cities and nations were often spoken of as if they were women. AT: "just as I did to the people of Samaria and their worthless idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will I not also do the same to Jerusalem and to her idols? + +The king of Assyria used this question to emphasize the certainty that he will conquer the people of Jerusalem. AT: "I will certainly do the same to Jerusalem and her idols!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/12.md b/isa/10/12.md index d3c5e3b7cc..b42ee8aff7 100644 --- a/isa/10/12.md +++ b/isa/10/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## When the Lord has finished his work on Mount Zion and on Jerusalem, he will speak: "I will punish ## +# When the Lord has finished his work on Mount Zion and on Jerusalem, I will punish -It is unclear whether Isaiah or Yahweh is saying the first part of this sentence. Alternate translation: "When I, the Lord, have finished punishing Mount Zion and Jerusalem, I will punish." +Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were someone else. "When I, the Lord, have finished my work on Mount Zion and on Jerusalem, I will punish" -## I will punish the speech of the arrogant heart of the king of Assyria and his prideful looks ## +# his work on ... and on -"I will punish the king of Assyria for the arrogant things he said and the look of pride on his face." +his work of punishing. "punishing ... and punishing" -## For he says ## +# I will punish the speech of the arrogant heart of the king of Assyria and his prideful looks + +"I will punish the king of Assyria for the arrogant things he said and the look of pride on his face" + +# For he says "For the king of Assyria says" -## I have removed the boundaries of the peoples ## +# I have removed ... I have stolen -Here the word "I" refers to the king of Assyria. He was the leader of the Assyrian army and took credit for what the army did at his command. Alternate translation: "my army has removed the boundaries of the peoples." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "I" refers to the king of Assyria. He was the leader of the Assyrian army and took credit for what the army did at his command. AT: "my army has removed ... They have stolen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and like a mighty man ## +# like a bull -Possible meanings are 1) "and like a powerful soldier" or 2) "and like a ferocious bull." (UDB) This compares the king and his army to a large beast. This emphasizes their power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"as strong as a bull". Some ancient texts read, "like a mighty man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## I have brought down those who sit on thrones ## +# I have brought down the inhabitants -"I have defeated their kings." Alternate translation: "my army has defeated their kings." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the king of Assyria has shamed the people of the countries he conquered or 2) he has removed the kings of the nations so they no longer rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have brought + +Here the word "I" refers to the king of Assyria. He was the leader of the Assyrian army and took credit for what the army did at his command. AT: "I and my army have brought" or "we have brought (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/14.md b/isa/10/14.md index daea41bc2a..4f585fdf4b 100644 --- a/isa/10/14.md +++ b/isa/10/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh is still quoting the king of Assyria. (See: [Isaiah 10:12](./12.md)) +# General Information: -## My hand has seized, as from a nest, the wealth of nations ## +Yahweh is still quoting the king of Assyria. (See: [Isaiah 10:13](./12.md)) -The king of Assyria compares taking the treasures from the nations to a person taking eggs out of a bird's nest. This emphasizes how easy it was for him and his army to conquer these other kingdoms. Alternate translation: "My army has stolen the wealth from the nations just as easily as a man takes eggs from a nest." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# My hand has seized -## and as one gathers abandoned eggs, I gathered all the earth ## +The hand is a metonym for either the king's power or his army. AT: "In my power I have seized" or "My army has seized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"and just as a person takes eggs from a nest when the bird is not there to protect them, my army has taken the treasures of every nation." +# My hand has seized, as from a nest, the wealth of nations -## None fluttered their wings or opened their mouth or chirped ## +The king of Assyria compares taking the treasures from the nations to a person taking eggs out of a bird's nest. This emphasizes how easy it was for him and his army to conquer these other kingdoms. AT: "My army has stolen the wealth from the nations just as easily as a man takes eggs from a nest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -This compares the nations to a bird who sits quietly while her eggs are taken. This emphasizes that the nations did nothing while the army of Assyria took all of their possessions. Alternate translation: "And like a bird that does not make a sound or flap her wings when someone steals her eggs, the nations did nothing as we took their treasure." \ No newline at end of file +# as one gathers abandoned eggs, I gathered all the earth + +The king of Assyria speaks of taking over nations as if he was gathering eggs. AT: "just as a person takes eggs from a nest when the bird is not there to protect them, my army has taken the treasures of every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# None fluttered their wings or opened their mouth or chirped + +This compares the nations to a bird who sits quietly while her eggs are taken. This emphasizes that the nations did nothing while the army of Assyria took all of their possessions. AT: "And like a bird that does not make a sound or flap her wings when someone steals her eggs, the nations did nothing as we took their treasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/15.md b/isa/10/15.md index 90f6541e1b..2220bec4af 100644 --- a/isa/10/15.md +++ b/isa/10/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Will the axe boast about itself against the one who wields it? Will the saw praise itself more than the one who cuts with it ## +# Will the ax boast about itself against the one who wields it? Will the saw praise itself more than the one who cuts with it? -The speaker uses these questions to mock the king of Assyria. Alternate translation: "An axe is not better than the one who holds it. And a saw does not get more glory than the one who cuts with it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The speaker uses these questions to mock the king of Assyria. AT: "An ax cannot boast that it is better than the one who holds it. And a saw does not get more glory than the one who cuts with it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the saw ## +# the saw a sharp tool used for cutting wood -## as if a rod could lift up those who raise it, or as if a wooden club could lift up a person ## +# It is as if a rod could lift up those who raise it, or as if a wooden club could lift up a person -These phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to strengthen the meaning of the two questions before it. This could be translated as a new sentence: "And neither can a rod or staff lift the person who picks it up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to strengthen the meaning of the two questions before it. This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "And neither can a rod or staff lift the person who picks it up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Therefore the Lord Yahweh of Hosts will send emaciation among his elite warriors ## +# Therefore the Lord Yahweh of hosts will send emaciation among his elite warriors -It is unclear whether Yahweh or Isaiah is speaking. Alternate translation: "Therefore I, Lord Yahweh of Hosts, will make the king's strongest soldiers weak." +It is unclear whether Yahweh or Isaiah is speaking. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "emaciation" is expressed as the verb "make weak." AT: "Therefore I, Lord Yahweh of hosts, will make the king's strongest soldiers weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## under his glory there will be kindled a burning like fire ## +# under his glory there will be kindled a burning like fire -Yahweh compares his punishment to a fire. This emphasizes that his punishment will completely destroy all the splendor and greatness of the kingdom of Assyria. Alternate translation: "like a burning fire I will destroy his greatness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh compares his punishment to a fire. This emphasizes that his punishment will completely destroy all the splendor and greatness of the kingdom of Assyria. AT: "I will destroy his greatness as if I were starting a fire to burn everything he is proud of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/17.md b/isa/10/17.md index ae3081ecf4..a14b858669 100644 --- a/isa/10/17.md +++ b/isa/10/17.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## The light of Israel will become a fire ## +# The light of Israel will become a fire -The phrase "light of Israel" refers to Yahweh. It is unclear whether Yahweh or Isaiah is speaking. Alternate translation: "I, Yahweh, the light of Israel, will become like a fire." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Becoming like a fire emphasizes Yahweh's power to destroy everything that does not honor him. +The phrase "light of Israel" refers to Yahweh. It is unclear whether Yahweh or Isaiah is speaking. AT: "I, Yahweh, the light of Israel, will become like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## her Holy One a flame ## +# fire + +"Fire" emphasizes Yahweh's power to destroy everything that does not honor him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his Holy One a flame "I, Yahweh, the Holy one of Israel, will become like a flame." See how you translated "Holy One" in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). -## it will burn and devour his thorns and briers ## +# it will burn and devour his thorns and briers -"The fire will burn and devour the king of Assyria's thorns and briars." The speaker compares the king of Assyria's army to thorns and briers. This emphasizes how easily God will destroy them. Alternate translation: "I will destroy the Assyrians like a fire burning thorns and briers." +"The fire will burn and devour the king of Assyria's thorns and briars." The speaker compares the king of Assyria's army to thorns and briers. This emphasizes how easily God will destroy them. AT: "I will destroy the Assyrians like a fire burning thorns and briers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## thorns and briers ## +# thorns ... briers -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:5](../05/05.md). +The words "briers" and "thorns" both refer to useless, thorny plants; they can be translated using one expression. See how you translated these words in [Isaiah 7:23](../07/23.md). AT: "thorn bushes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Yahweh will consume the glory of his forest and of his fruitful land ## +# Yahweh will consume the glory of his forest and of his fruitful land -"Yahweh will consume the glory of the king of Assyria's forest and fruitful land." Possible meaning are 1) "Yahweh will destroy the great forests and farmlands in the nation of Assyria" or 2) "Yahweh will destroy the army of Assyria as a fire burns up great forests and farmlands." +Possible meaning are 1) "Yahweh will destroy the great forests and farmlands in the nation of Assyria" or 2) "Yahweh will destroy the army of Assyria as a fire burns up great forests and farmlands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## soul and body ## +# both soul and body -Possible meanings are 1) this emphasizes that God will completely destroy the forests and farmlands. Alternate translation: "completely" or 2) this means God will completely destroy the people of Assyria. The phrase "soul and body" refers to the spiritual part and the physical part of a person. This could be translated as a new sentence: "I will destroy both the soul and the body of the people of Assyria." +Possible meanings are 1) this emphasizes that God will completely destroy the forests and farmlands. AT: "completely" or 2) this means God will completely destroy the people of Assyria. The phrase "soul and body" refers to the spiritual part and the physical part of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## it will be like when a sick man's life wastes away ## +# it will be like when a sick man's life wastes away -This compares either the forests and farmlands of Assyria or the army of Assyria to a sick man as he lies in bed dying. This emphasizes how something so great can become weak and dying. Alternate translation: "they will be like a sick man who grows weak and dies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This compares either the forests and farmlands of Assyria or the army of Assyria to a sick man as he lies in bed dying. This emphasizes how something so great can become weak and dying. AT: "they will be like a sick man who grows weak and dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## The remnant of the trees of his forest will be so few, ## +# The remnant of the trees of his forest will be so few -"what remains of the trees in the king's forest will be so few" \ No newline at end of file +"What remains of the trees in the king's forest will be so few" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/20.md b/isa/10/20.md index e70eaf02ad..4d3962e3c0 100644 --- a/isa/10/20.md +++ b/isa/10/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## On that day ## +# On that day -This refers to the day when God does the things that are described in [Isaiah 10:15](./15.md). +This refers to the time when God does the things that are described in [Isaiah 10:16-19](./15.md). AT: "At that time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## that has escaped ## +# that has escaped -The meaning can be made explicit: "that has escaped from the army of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The meaning can be made explicit. AT: "that has escaped from the army of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## will no longer rely on him who struck them ## +# will no longer rely on the one who defeated them -"will no longer rely on the king of Assyria who harmed them" +"will no longer rely on the king of Assyria, who harmed them" -## Holy One ## +# Holy One See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/22.md b/isa/10/22.md index bb42bb1e89..c3ef372b87 100644 --- a/isa/10/22.md +++ b/isa/10/22.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## your people, Israel ## +# your people, Israel, are -Here "your" is singular. Possible interpretations are 1) God is speaking to Isaiah and "your" refers to Isaiah, or 2) Isaiah or God is speaking to the nation of Israel and "your" refers to the nation. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (UDB) or "your people, O Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here "your" is singular. Possible interpretations are 1) God is speaking to Isaiah and "your" refers to Isaiah. AT: "your people Israel are" or 2) Isaiah or God is speaking to the nation of Israel and "your" refers to the nation. AT: "your people, O Israel, are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## are like the sand of the seashore ## +# are like the sand of the seashore -This emphasizes that there were a great number of people of Israel. Alternate translation: "are too many to count like the sand on the seashore." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This emphasizes that there were a great number of people of Israel. AT: "are too many to count, like the sand on the seashore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Destruction is decreed ## +# Destruction is decreed -Alternate translation: "Yahweh has decreed that he will destroy most of those who live in Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has decreed that he will destroy most of those who live in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## as overflowing righteousness demands ## +# as overflowing righteousness demands -This can be translated as a new sentence: "This must be done for the sake of perfect righteousness" or Yahweh must do this because he is completely righteous." +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "This must be done for the sake of perfect righteousness" or "Yahweh must do this because he is completely righteous" -## carry out the destruction determined throughout the land ## +# carry out the destruction determined throughout the land Possible meanings are 1) "destroy everything in the land just as he has determined to do" or 2) "destroy the people in the land just as he has determined to do." -## determined ## +# determined -decided \ No newline at end of file +"decided" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/24.md b/isa/10/24.md index e51d1e5fe4..f81d6f19b2 100644 --- a/isa/10/24.md +++ b/isa/10/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the Assyrian ## +# the Assyrian -This refers primarily to the king of Assyria, and also to the army of Assyria that he will send. +Isaiah speaks of the king of Assyria and his army as if he were one man. AT: "the king of Assyria and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## He will strike you with the rod and raise his staff against you ## +# He will strike you with the rod and raise his staff against you -Possible meanings are 1) "The Assyrian army will attack you with rods and sticks" or 2) "The king will send his army to attack you with rods and clubs." +The words "rod" and "staff" refer to pieces of wood that people use as clubs to beat animals and other people. Isaiah speaks of the way the Assyrians will rule over the Israelites as if the Assyrians were beating the Israelites with clubs. AT: "He will rule over you and make slaves of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## as the Egyptians did ## +# He will strike -The full meaning can be made explicit: "as the Egyptians beat your ancestors many years ago." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "He" refers to "the Assyrian" which represents the king of Assyria and his army. AT: "He and his army will strike" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# as the Egyptians did + +The full meaning can be made explicit. AT: "as the Egyptians ruled over your ancestors and made them slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my anger will lead to his destruction + +The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated as a verb. AT: "I will destroy him because I am angry with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/26.md b/isa/10/26.md index e3cfc7ef1e..d8be03677b 100644 --- a/isa/10/26.md +++ b/isa/10/26.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## will wield a whip against them ## +# will wield a whip against them -"will beat the Assyrians with a whip." God will not really use a whip. This refers to God's power to punish the Assyrians severely. Alternate translation: "will punish the Assyrians severely as if with a whip" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"will beat the Assyrians with a whip." God will not really use a whip. This refers to God's power to punish the Assyrians severely. AT: "will punish the Assyrians severely as if with a whip" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## like when he struck down Midian at the rock of Oreb ## +# as when he defeated Midian at the rock of Oreb This refers to when God helped a man named Gideon defeat the army of Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## He will raise his rod over the sea and lift it up as he did in Egypt ## +# He will raise his rod over the sea and lift it up as he did in Egypt -This refers to when God caused the water of the Red Sea to split so the people of Israel could escape from the Egyptian army and so that the Egyptian army would drown in it. Alternate translation: "He will help you escape from the army of Assyria as he helped your ancestors escape the army of Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This speaks of God rescuing the people from the Assyrians as if they were the Egyptian army. This refers to when God caused the water of the Red Sea to split so the people of Israel could escape from the Egyptian army and so that the Egyptian army would drown in it. AT: "He will help you escape from the army of Assyria as he helped your ancestors escape the army of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his burden is lifted from your shoulder and his yoke from off your neck ## +# his burden is lifted from your shoulder and his yoke from off your neck -"Yahweh will lift the burden that Assyria has put on your shoulder, and he will remove the yoke that they have put on your neck." These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The words "burden" and "yoke" refer to slavery. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will remove the Assyrians who oppress you and will stop them from making you their slaves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Yahweh will lift the burden that Assyria has put on your shoulder, and he will remove the yoke that they have put on your neck." These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The words "burden" and "yoke" refer to slavery. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will remove the Assyrians who oppress you and will stop them from making you their slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the yoke will be destroyed because your neck will be too fat for it ## +# the yoke will be destroyed because of fatness -"you will not longer be enslaved and life will be good for you." \ No newline at end of file +This expression suggests that the neck of the animal that is wearing the yoke will become too fat to fit the yoke any longer. This is a metaphor for Israel becoming so strong that the Assyrians can no longer rule them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "your neck will become so fat that it will break the yoke" or "you will become so strong that you will no longer be the Assyrians' slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/28.md b/isa/10/28.md index d53d2225b6..c7d3bae504 100644 --- a/isa/10/28.md +++ b/isa/10/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Aiath…Migron…Michmash…Geba…Ramah…Gibeah ## +# has come ... has passed ... has stored ... have crossed ... lodge ... trembles ... has fled -These are all cities and villages near Jerusalem that the army of Assyria went through and caused trouble in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Isaiah speaks of these future events as though they have already happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## Ramah trembles and Gibeah of Saul has fled ## +# Aiath ... Migron ... Michmash ... Geba ... Ramah ... Gibeah -"The people of Ramah tremble and the people of Gibeah of Saul have fled" \ No newline at end of file +These are all cities and villages near Jerusalem that the army of Assyria went through and caused trouble in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ramah trembles and Gibeah of Saul has fled + +Here "Ramah" and "Gibeah of Saul" refer to the people who lived in those cities. AT: "The people of Ramah tremble and the people of Gibeah of Saul have fled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/30.md b/isa/10/30.md index 0712bae701..550985b5d8 100644 --- a/isa/10/30.md +++ b/isa/10/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## daughter of Gallim ## +# daughter of Gallim -The word "daughter" here refers to the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: "Gallim" or "people of Gallim." +The word "daughter" here refers to the people who live in the city. AT: "Gallim" or "people of Gallim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Gallim…Laishah…Anathoth…Madmenah…Gebim…Nob ## +# Gallim ... Laishah ... Anathoth ... Madmenah ... Gebim ... Nob These are names of more cities and villages near Jerusalem that the Assyrian army traveled through causing fear among the people. All of these refer to the people who live in these places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## he will halt at Nob and shake his fist at the mount of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem ## +# he will halt at Nob and shake his fist -Here "he" and "his" refer to the king of Assyria and his soldiers. People would shake their fists at people that they were threatening. Alternate translation: "The army of Assyria will stop at Nob and threaten the mount of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "he" and "his" refer to the king of Assyria and his soldiers. People would shake their fists at people whom they were threatening. AT: "the army of Assyria will stop at Nob and threaten" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the mount of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem ## +# the mountain of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem -Both of these phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: "the people of Mount Zion" or "the people living on the hill in Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "mount" and "hill" are metonyms for the people who live on them. The words "mount of the daughter of Zion" mean almost the same thing as the words "hill of Jerusalem." See how they are translated in [Isaiah 2:14](../02/14.md). AT: "the people of Mount Zion and the people living on the hill in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/33.md b/isa/10/33.md index e2237155a7..382ddaf098 100644 --- a/isa/10/33.md +++ b/isa/10/33.md @@ -1,35 +1,43 @@ -## Behold ## +# Behold -This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +This can be translated as "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## will lop off the boughs...and Lebanon in his majesty will fall ## +# will lop off the boughs ... and Lebanon in his majesty will fall -In 10:33-34 Isaiah compares the army of Assyria to the tall trees in Lebanon. God will destroy the army like people cutting down the mighty trees of Lebanon. This emphasizes that though the army is strong God has the power to destroy them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Isaiah speaks of the army of Assyria as if it were the tall trees in Lebanon. God will destroy the army like people cutting down the mighty trees of Lebanon. This emphasizes that though the army is strong, God has the power to destroy it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will lop off the boughs ## +# will lop off the boughs -"will cut off the big branches of the trees." In order to make it clear that this refers to the army of Assyria, it can be translated as a simile: He will destroy the army of Assyria like strong men cutting off the big branches of trees." +"will cut off the big branches of the trees." In order to make it clear that this refers to the army of Assyria, it can be translated as a simile: He will destroy the army of Assyria like strong men cutting off the big branches of trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## with a terrifying crash ## +# with a terrifying crash -This can be translated with a verb: "and the branches will crash down on the ground and make a terrifying noise" or "and the branches will fall to the ground with a very loud noise." +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "crash" is expressed as the verb "make a noise." AT: "and the branches will crash down on the ground and make a terrifying noise" or "and the branches will fall to the ground with a very loud noise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the tallest trees will be cut down ## +# the tallest trees will be cut down -This can be translated with an active verb: "he will cut down the tallest trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will cut down the tallest trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the lofty will be brought low ## +# the tallest trees -This can be translated with an active verb: "He will humble the proud people." +This is a metaphor for "the strongest soldiers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the thickets of the forest ## +# the lofty will be brought low -"the dense shrubs in the forest" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will bring down the lofty people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Lebanon in his majesty will fall ## +# lofty -"the forests of Lebanon will no longer be so grand." \ No newline at end of file +proud + +# the thickets of the forest + +"the dense shrubs in the forest." This is possibly a metaphor for those people who are not well known. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Lebanon in his majesty will fall + +"the forests of Lebanon will no longer be so grand." This is possibly a metaphor for the Assyrian army. AT: "Yahweh will defeat the army of Assyria, as mighty as it is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/10/intro.md b/isa/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c495ed843a --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins with a prophecy that is a continuation of the prophecy beginning in 8:22. Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 10:1-11, 13-14, 15-19, 27-34, which are extended quotations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's sovereignty ##### +Yahweh has so much power and authority that he controls all of the nations. He even controls the nations who do not worship him. He uses Assyria to punish the kingdom of Israel. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. Yahweh uses rhetorical questions to make statements about Israel's sin. The Assyrians use rhetorical questions in order to boast in their pride. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/01.md b/isa/11/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3e23328b06 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/11/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# A shoot will sprout from the stump of Jesse ... a branch out of his roots will bear fruit + +Isaiah speaks of Jesse and his descendants as if they were a tree that had been cut down. Both of these phrases tell about a descendant of Jesse who would be king. AT: "As a shoot sprouts out of a tree stump, so a descendant of Jesse will become king over what remains of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the stump of Jesse + +A stump is what remains of a tree after it is chopped down. The "stump of Jesse" represents what was left of the kingdom that Jesse's son David was once king of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The Spirit of Yahweh will rest upon him + +Resting upon him represents being with him and helping him. The word "him" refers to the one who would become king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Spirit of wisdom ... the Spirit of instruction ... the Spirit of knowledge ... the fear of Yahweh + +Here the word "Spirit" refers to an ability or quality that the Spirit of Yahweh would give him. AT: "and he will cause him to have wisdom and understanding, instruction and might, knowledge and the fear of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/03.md b/isa/11/03.md index f1453fe3ca..6293280861 100644 --- a/isa/11/03.md +++ b/isa/11/03.md @@ -1,5 +1,43 @@ -Isaiah continues to describe the Messiah. +# Connecting Statement: -## He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips he will slay the wicked ## +Isaiah continues to describe the king. -AT: "He will speak and judge against the wicked like he is using a weapon to kill his enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# he will not judge by what his eyes see + +The phrase "what his eyes see" refers to seeing things that are not important for judging a person rightly. AT: "he will not judge a person simply by seeing what the person looks like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# nor decide by what his ears hear + +"and he will not decide by what his ears hear." The phrase "what his ears hear" refers to hearing what people say about someone. AT: "and he will not judge a person simply by hearing what others say about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the poor ... the humble ... the wicked + +These phrases refer to people who have these qualities. AT: "poor people ... humble people ... wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth ... with the breath of his lips he will slay the wicked + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth + +The word "earth" here represents the people on earth. Striking them with the rod of his mouth represents judging them, and that judgement will lead to punishment. AT: "He will judge the people of the earth, and they will be punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with the breath of his lips he will slay the wicked + +The "breath of his lips" represents him judging them. AT: "he will judge wicked people, and they will be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the belt of his waist ... the belt around his hips + +Possible meanings are 1) the belt is used to secure one's clothes so he can work, or 2) the belt is an undergarment, or 3) the belt is a sash that a king wears to show his authority. + +# Righteousness will be the belt of his waist + +Wearing righteousness like a belt represents being righteous. Possible meanings are 1) the king's righteousness will enable him to rule. AT: "His righteousness will be a like a belt around his waist" or 2) the king's righteousness would show his authority to rule. AT: "He will rule righteously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# faithfulness the belt around his hips + +The words "will be" are understood in this phrase. AT: "faithfulness will be the belt around his hips" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# faithfulness the belt around his hips + +Wearing faithfulness like a belt represents being faithful. Possible meanings are 1) the king's faithfulness will enable him to rule, or 2) the king's faithfulness will show his authority to rule. AT: "his faithfulness will be a like a belt around his hips" or "he will rule faithfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/06.md b/isa/11/06.md index 9218156104..8e01f48311 100644 --- a/isa/11/06.md +++ b/isa/11/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ -Isaiah describes what the world will be like when the Messiah comes. +# General Information: -## leopard ## +Isaiah describes what the world will be like when the king rules. There will be complete peace in the world. This is shown by the peace that there will be even among animals. Animals that normally kill other animals will not kill them, and they will all be safe together. -a large cat with yellow fur and black spots that kills and eats other animals +# The wolf ... the leopard ... the young lion ... the bear ... The lion -## bear ## +These phrases refer to these animals in general, not to a specific wolf or leopard. These are all strong animals that attack and eat other animals. AT: "Wolves ... leopards ... young lions ... bears ... Lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -a very large animal with thick hair and sharp claws that kills and eats other animals \ No newline at end of file +# the lamb ... the young goat ... the calf ... the fattened calf ... The cow ... the ox + +The phrases refer to these animals in general, not to a specific lamb or goat. These are all animals that eat grass and straw. Other animals sometimes attack and eat them. AT: "lambs ... young goats ... calves ... fattened calves ... Cows ... oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# leopard + +a large cat with yellow fur and black spots that kills and eats other animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# the calf, the young lion and the fattened calf, together + +The phrase "will be" is understood. AT: "the calf, the lion, and the fattened calf will be together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# bear + +a very large animal with thick hair and sharp claws that kills and eats other animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# A little child will lead them + +A child will take care of them and lead them to good places to drink water and eat grass or hay. + +# will graze together + +"will eat grass together" + +# their young + +This refers to the animals' offspring shortly after they are born. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/08.md b/isa/11/08.md index 060643f4f6..3363953d60 100644 --- a/isa/11/08.md +++ b/isa/11/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Isaiah continues to describe the complete peace on earth when the Messiah comes. +# General Information: -## weaned ## +Isaiah continues to describe the complete peace in the world when the king rules. -a child who no longer drinks mother's milk +# A baby will play over the hole of the snake -## my holy mountain ## +It can be stated clearly that the baby will be safe because the snake will not bite it. AT: "Babies will play safely over the hole of the snake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -This refers to Mount Zion which is Jerusalem. It is unclear who is speaking here. AT: "his holy mountain." \ No newline at end of file +# the snake ... the serpent's den + +These phrases refer to poisonous snakes in general. AT: "snakes ... serpents' dens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# the weaned child + +a child who no longer drinks its mother's milk + +# on all my holy mountain + +The "holy mountain" is Mount Zion, in Jerusalem. AT: "on all of Yahweh's holy mountain" + +# the earth will be full of knowledge of Yahweh + +The phrase "knowledge of Yahweh" represents people who know Yahweh. AT: "the earth will be full of those who know Yahweh" or "those who know Yahweh will cover the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as the waters cover the sea + +This phrase is used to show how full the earth will be of people who know Yahweh. It may be clearer that it does this if its words are similar to the words in the previous phrase. AT: "as the seas are full of water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/10.md b/isa/11/10.md index 5942eed91e..6a4317f422 100644 --- a/isa/11/10.md +++ b/isa/11/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## the Lord will again extend his hand to recover the remnant of his people ## +# the root of Jesse -“The Lord will again use his power to bring back the remnant of his people” +This refers to Jesse's and King David's descendant who would become the king that was told about in [Isaiah 1:1](./01.md). AT: "Jesse's descendant king" or "the king descended from Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Pathros... Elam ... Hamath ## +# will stand as a banner for the peoples + +A banner is a flag that a king would raise as a sign for people to see it and come to him. AT: "will be like a sign for the peoples" or "will attract the peoples to come to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The nations + +"The people of the nations" + +# the Lord will again extend his hand to recover the remnant of his people + +The hand is a reference to God's power. AT: "the Lord will again use his power to bring back the remnant of his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Pathros ... Elam ... Hamath These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/12.md b/isa/11/12.md index 013e4d1a71..4e33450413 100644 --- a/isa/11/12.md +++ b/isa/11/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## He will set up a banner for the nations ## +# He will set up a banner for the nations -AT: "Yahweh will set up the Messiah like a flag for the nations to see." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "The Lord will set up the king as a banner for the nations" or 2) "The king will set up a banner for the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and those hostile to Judah will be cut off ## +# a banner for the nations -The word "Judah" refers to the people in the southern kingdom of Judah. AT: "and he will remove those in Israel that are hostile towards those in Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"a flag for the nations to see" or "a flag to call the nations to himself" + +# the dispersed of Judah + +"the people of Judah who had been scattered around the world" + +# from the four corners of the earth + +The earth is pictured as if it has four corners, and those corners are its most distant places. This refers to everywhere on earth where those people might be. AT: "from even the most distant places of the earth" or "from all over the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He will turn aside the envy of Ephraim + +Ephraim here refers to the descendants of the northern kingdom of Israel. The noun "envy" can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "He will stop the people of Ephraim from being envious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Judah will no longer be hostile to Ephraim + +Judah here refers to the descendants of the southern kingdom. This phrase can be stated in active form. AT: "he will stop the people of Judah from being hostile" or "he will stop the people of Judah from hating" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/14.md b/isa/11/14.md index affc4bd61f..73c94e2ffe 100644 --- a/isa/11/14.md +++ b/isa/11/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## the gulf of the sea of Egypt ## +# they will swoop down on the Philistine hills -A "gulf" is a large area of water that land partly surrounds. Alternate translation: "the sea of Egypt" \ No newline at end of file +The people of Israel and Judah are pictured as if they were birds that fly down quickly to attack a person or animal. AT: "they will go quickly to the Philistine hills to attack the people there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the gulf of the Sea of Egypt + +A "gulf" is a large area of water that land partly surrounds. + +# With his scorching wind he will wave his hand over the Euphrates River + +Waving his hand over something represents his power to change it. AT: "By his power he will cause a scorching wind to blow on the Euphrates River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his scorching wind + +This is a strong or hot wind that causes some of the water in rivers to dry up. + +# so it can be crossed over in sandals + +"so that people can cross over it even while wearing their sandals" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/16.md b/isa/11/16.md index 3b7e3cadb3..81e65b09c5 100644 --- a/isa/11/16.md +++ b/isa/11/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## There will be a highway ## +# There will be a highway -"Yahweh will make a road" \ No newline at end of file +A highway is a large road that many people can travel on. "Yahweh will make a road" + +# in their coming up from the land of Egypt + +"when they came up from the land of Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/11/intro.md b/isa/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b28220eca7 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Messiah ##### +The prophecies of this chapter focus on the coming messiah. Some of these prophecies concern the first coming of Jesus, while some reference a future day of restoration. The author transitions between these time periods without telling his reader. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Ambiguity ##### +It is uncertain what period of time these prophecies refer to or who will fulfill them. The translator should allow this uncertainty and ambiguity to remain. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/12/01.md b/isa/12/01.md index a10657dfb0..8f4431f55f 100644 --- a/isa/12/01.md +++ b/isa/12/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## On that day ## +Here Isaiah continues to describe what it will be like when the king that God has chosen rules. (See: [Isaiah 11:1-2](../11/01.md)) -"On the day when God saves his people and brings them home" +# On that day -## you will say ## +It can be stated clearly what time is being referred to. AT: "At that time" or "When the king rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -The word "you" refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah includes himself as part of Israel. AT: "we will say." +# your wrath has turned away -## I will give thanks to you, Yahweh. For though you were angry with me, your wrath has turned away, and you have comforted me ## +God's wrath is spoken of as if it were a person that could turn away and leave. It means that God has stopped being angry. AT: "You are no longer angry with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -AT: "We praise and thank you, Yahweh. Now your anger is gone and you comfort us." \ No newline at end of file +# God is my salvation + +God causing someone's salvation is spoken of as if God were that salvation. The abstract noun "salvation" can be expressed with the noun "savior" or the verb "save". AT: "God causes my salvation" or "God is my savior" or "God is the one who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Yahweh is my strength + +God causing someone to be strong is spoken of as if Yahweh were their strength. AT: "Yahweh makes me strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# song + +The word "song" here represents what a person sings about. AT: "the one I joyfully sing about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He has become my salvation + +"He has saved me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/12/03.md b/isa/12/03.md index 5365d88f72..70247e602c 100644 --- a/isa/12/03.md +++ b/isa/12/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -2]]) +# With joy you will draw water from the wells of salvation -## With joy you will draw water from the wells of salvation ## +Isaiah speaks of people being saved as if they were getting salvation the way people get water out of well. AT: "you will rejoice when he saves you, as people rejoice when they draw water from a well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The word "you" refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah includes himself as part of Israel. AT: "We will be refreshed as with water because God has rescued us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# call upon his name -## call upon his name ## +Here "his name" refers to Yahweh. Calling on him represents either praising him or asking him for help. AT: "praise him loudly" or "call to him to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Here "name" refers to Yahweh. AT: "speak loudly to Yahweh and praise him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# declare his deeds among the peoples -## declare his deeds among the peoples, proclaim that his name is exalted ## +The noun "deeds" can be expressed with the phrase "what he has done". AT: "Tell the peoples about the great things he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"tell everyone in the world what Yahweh has done and that he is great" \ No newline at end of file +# proclaim that his name is exalted + +Here "his name" refers to Yahweh. AT: "proclaim that he is exalted" or "proclaim that he is great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/12/05.md b/isa/12/05.md index 4be50a6cb9..5053ec4b27 100644 --- a/isa/12/05.md +++ b/isa/12/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## for great in your midst is the Holy One of Israel ## +# General Information: -See how you translated "Holy One" in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: "because the Holy One who lives among us in mighty" \ No newline at end of file +Isaiah continues to tell what the people will say when the king rules. + +# for great in your midst is the Holy One of Israel + +"because the Holy One of Israel, who lives among you, is mighty" or "because the Holy One of Israel is mighty and he lives among you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/12/intro.md b/isa/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..48f54570e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Isaiah 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "That day" ##### +The time of this day is unclear. It may be a time in the near future for Isaiah, or a time in the distant future for him. In the latter case, it would reference the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Tense ##### +Extra care must be taken in translating the tense of this chapter. The author talks about the future, but frequently changes to speak in the present tense. Some languages will have difficulty speaking in this way. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/01.md b/isa/13/01.md index 938efff6e6..000faa8364 100644 --- a/isa/13/01.md +++ b/isa/13/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## about Babylon ## +# about Babylon -AT: "about the people of Babylon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The name of the city stands for the people of Babylon. AT: "about the people of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## son of Amoz ## +# Amoz -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +Amoz was the father of Isaiah. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## signal flag ## +# cry aloud to them -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:26](../05/26.md). +The word "them" refers to soldiers from another country. -## into the gates of the nobles ## +# the gates of the nobles -"into the gates of Babylon where the noble people live" +Possible meanings are 1) "the gates of Babylon where the nobles live" or 2) "the gates of the nobles' large houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## my consecrated ones ## +# the nobles -"the army that I have set apart for myself" +"the respected people" or "the rulers" -## I have called my mighty men to execute my anger, even my proudly exulting ones ## +# my holy ones -"I have called my mighty soldiers, who rejoice when I am honored, to punish the people of Babylon because they have made me angry." \ No newline at end of file +"the ones I have set apart for myself" or "the army that I have set apart for myself" + +# I have called my mighty men to execute my anger + +Executing God's anger represents punishing people because of God's anger. AT: "I have called my mighty soldiers to punish the people of Babylon because they have made me angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# even my proudly exulting ones + +"even those who proudly exult." Why they proudly exult can be stated clearly. AT: "even my people who proudly exult because of the great things I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/04.md b/isa/13/04.md index 6bdbb21436..345ac3cd87 100644 --- a/isa/13/04.md +++ b/isa/13/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -This continues the prophecy about the people of Babylon. Isaiah is speaking. +# The noise of a multitude in the mountains, as of many people -## The noise of a multitude in the mountains, as of many people! ## +The words "there is" are understood. The phrases "multitude" and "many people" mean the same thing. AT: "There is the noise of many people in the mountains" or "There is the noise of a great crowd of people in the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -AT: "There is a sound of many people in the mountains!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# The noise of a tumult of the kingdoms like many nations gathered together -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +The words "there is" are understood. The words "kingdoms" and "nations" here refer to the same thing. AT: "There is the noisy commotion of many kingdoms gathered together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). +# is mustering -## is mustering ## +"is gathering" -"is gathering" \ No newline at end of file +# from way over the horizon + +"from places far beyond the horizon" or "from very distant places" + +# his instruments of judgment + +The soldiers that God is sending to attack Babylon are spoken of as if they were weapons. "Judgment" represents punishment because God has judged Babylon. AT: "the army that he will use to punish Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/06.md b/isa/13/06.md index 6f1fa3327c..db46a559bf 100644 --- a/isa/13/06.md +++ b/isa/13/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -This continues the prophecy about the people of Babylon. Isaiah is speaking. - -## Howl ## +# Howl "Cry out loud" -## it comes with destruction from the Almighty ## +# the day of Yahweh is near -"the Almighty God will come to destroy you" +Something that is about to happen soon is spoken of as if it is coming near. AT: "the day of Yahweh will happen soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## their faces will be aflame ## +# it comes with destruction from the Almighty -"They will have the look of terror on their faces" \ No newline at end of file +The word "it" refers to the day of Yahweh. "It comes with destruction" means that destruction will happen on that day. "Destruction from the Almighty" means that the Almighty will destroy them. AT: "on that day, the Almighty God will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# all hands hang limp + +This shows that all the people are very weak and unable to do anything. + +# every heart melts + +People being terribly afraid is spoken of as if their hearts melt. AT: "everyone is terribly afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pain and agony will seize them + +People suddenly feeling terrible pain and sorrow is spoken of as if the pains and sorrows were people who grab them. AT: "they will suddenly feel terrible pain and agony" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# like a woman in labor + +Being in labor represents giving birth to a baby. AT: "like a woman giving birth to a baby" or "like the pain of a woman who is giving birth to a baby" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their faces will be aflame + +Their faces being hot and red is spoken of as if they were burning. Possible reasons for their faces being hot are 1) the people are very afraid or 2) the people feel ashamed or 3) the people cry. AT: "their faces will be hot and red" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/09.md b/isa/13/09.md index 521008c125..74ebe7f089 100644 --- a/isa/13/09.md +++ b/isa/13/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -This continues the prophecy about the people of Babylon. Isaiah is speaking. +# the day of Yahweh comes with cruel wrath and overflowing anger -## to make the land a desolation ## +The day coming with wrath and anger means that there will be wrath and anger on that day. The abstract nouns "wrath" and "anger" can be expressed with the adjectives "furious" and "angry". AT: "on the day of Yahweh, he will be furious and extremely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"to ruin the land" +# overflowing anger -## The stars of heaven and the constellations ## +Anger here is spoken of as if the one who is angry is a container filled with anger. Overflowing anger means that he is extremely angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to make the land a desolation + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "desolation" is expressed with the verb "ruin." AT: "to ruin the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# The stars of heaven and the constellations "The stars in the sky" -## The sun will be darkened ## +# will not give their light -"Yahweh will darken the sun" \ No newline at end of file +Giving light represents "shining." AT: "will not shine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The sun will be darkened + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will darken the sun" or "The sun will be dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/11.md b/isa/13/11.md index 22dbb24125..310ec35c1f 100644 --- a/isa/13/11.md +++ b/isa/13/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## the ruthless ## +# Connecting Statement: -"those who do not show mercy" +Yahweh continues to talk about what he will do on the day of Yahweh. -## I will make men more rare than fine gold and mankind harder to find than the pure gold of Ophir ## +# the world -AT: "I will make it harder to find a human being than it is to find fine gold." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This refers to people. AT: "the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## pure gold of Ophir ## +# the wicked ... the proud ... the ruthless -Ophir was noted for its large amounts of high quality gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These phrases refer to people who have these qualities. AT: "wicked people ... proud people ... ruthless people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the ruthless + +"cruel people" + +# will bring down the arrogance of the ruthless + +Being low often represents being humble. Bringing down people's arrogance represents making them humble. AT: "will humble the ruthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make men more rare than fine gold + +Why there will be so few people can be stated clearly. AT: "I will cause so many people to die that living people will be more rare than fine gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# men more rare than fine gold ... mankind harder to find than the pure gold of Ophir + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# pure gold of Ophir + +Ophir was the name of a place where there was pure gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/13.md b/isa/13/13.md index a6261bdb26..8ed5dd48c6 100644 --- a/isa/13/13.md +++ b/isa/13/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# Like a hunted gazelle or like a sheep with no shepherd -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). +Yahweh speaks of the defenseless people of Israel as if they were a gazelle or a sheep that was being chased by hunters or wild animals. AT: "Like gazelles that run away swiftly when people hunt them, and like sheep that have no shepherd run away from wild animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Like a hunted gazelle or like a sheep with no shepherd ## +# gazelle -Gazelles (a type of deer) and sheep are prey to other wild animals - the people of the world will run away like scared animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +an animal that is similar to a deer. People hunt them, and wild animals sometimes attack and kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# like a sheep with no shepherd + +Sheep that have no shepherd have no one to protect them from wild animals that attack and kill them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/15.md b/isa/13/15.md index f62c1bc5b7..3dacd4e817 100644 --- a/isa/13/15.md +++ b/isa/13/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -This may be Yahweh or Isaiah speaking. +# Every one who is found will be killed ... every one who is captured will die by the sword -## Every one who is found will be killed, and every one who is captured will die by the sword ## +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy will kill with the sword everyone they find" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "The enemy will kill everyone they find" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Their infants also will be dashed in pieces -## Their infants also will be dashed in pieces before their eyes ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy will also dash their infants to pieces" or "The enemy will beat their infants until they die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "The enemy will throw babies to the ground and kill them while their parents helplessly watch." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# before their eyes -## Their houses will be plundered ## +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. It can be stated clearly that the parents are unable to help their infants. AT: "in front of them" or "while their parents helplessly watch" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "The enemy will rob the people's houses" \ No newline at end of file +# Their houses will be plundered + +This means that everything valuable will be stolen from their houses. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy will plunder the people's houses" or "The enemy will steal everything valuable from the people's houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their wives raped + +This means that the enemies will attack the women and force them to have sex with them. The words "will be" are understood. This can also be expressed with an active form. AT: "their wives will be raped" or "their enemies will rape their wives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/17.md b/isa/13/17.md index d14b7b9b9e..ddf08755c0 100644 --- a/isa/13/17.md +++ b/isa/13/17.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh is speaking. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Yahweh continues speaking. + +# I am about to stir up the Medes to attack them + +Making people want to do something is spoken of as stirring them up. AT: "I am about to make the Medes want to attack them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/19.md b/isa/13/19.md index a6655ccd31..5763bc1249 100644 --- a/isa/13/19.md +++ b/isa/13/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,27 @@ -This may be Isaiah or Yahweh speaking. +# Connecting Statement: -## It will not be inhabited or lived in ## +Yahweh continues speaking. -AT: "No one will live in it." \ No newline at end of file +# the most admired of kingdoms + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the kingdom that people most admire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then Babylon ... will be overthrown by God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then God will destroy Babylon, the most admired of kingdoms, the splendor of Chaldean pride, as he destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the splendor of Chaldean pride + +The abstract nouns "splendor" and "pride" can be translated with adjectives. The word "splendor" refers to the beautiful appearance of Babylon. AT: "the beautiful city that the Chaldeans are so proud of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# It will not be inhabited or lived in + +The two verbs mean basically the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will live in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from generation to generation + +The phrase "generation to generation" refers to all generations of people who will live in the future. AT: "for ever" or "ever again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The Arab + +This refers to Arab people in general, not one person. AT: "Arabs" or "Arab people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/21.md b/isa/13/21.md index 46cd072eb3..3a3f5b5ef0 100644 --- a/isa/13/21.md +++ b/isa/13/21.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -This may be Isaiah or Yahweh speaking. +# Connecting Statement: -## will lie there ## +Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Babylon. + +# will lie there "will lie in Babylon" -## Their houses ## +# Their houses "The people's houses" -## owl ## +# owls -a bird that hunts at night (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +Owls are wild birds that hunt at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## ostrich ## +# ostriches -a large bird that runs fast and cannot fly +Ostriches are large wild birds that run fast and cannot fly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## hyena ## +# Hyenas -a large animal that eats dead animals and is known for its loud cry that sounds similar to a person laughing. +Hyenas are large wild animals that look like dogs and eat dead animals. Their loud cry sounds like a person laughing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## jackal ## +# jackals in the beautiful palaces -a wild dog +The words "will cry" are understood. AT: "jackals will cry in the beautiful palaces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Her time is near, and her days will not be delayed ## +# jackals -AT: "The time that all of this will happen to the people of Babylon is near, and nothing will stop it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +wild dogs (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# Her time is near, and her days will not be delayed + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. "Her time" and "her days" both refer to the time that God has chosen for Babylon to be destroyed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The time that all of this will happen to the people of Babylon is near, and nothing will stop it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/13/intro.md b/isa/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9409b64121 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 13, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecies ##### +It is unclear who is addressed by these prophecies. At times, it appears to be the people of Judah, while at other times it seems to reference the last days. This ambiguity should remain in translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/01.md b/isa/14/01.md index 20bb45b8d6..590749ee46 100644 --- a/isa/14/01.md +++ b/isa/14/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Yahweh will have compassion on Jacob ## +# Yahweh will have compassion on Jacob -Here "Jacob" refers to the descendants of Jacob. AT: "Yahweh will have mercy on the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Jacob" refers to the descendants of Jacob. AT: "Yahweh will have mercy on the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# attach themselves to the house of Jacob + +The house of Jacob refers to the descendants of Jacob, the Israelites. AT: "unite with the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The nations will bring them to their own place + +"The nations will bring the descendants of Jacob back to the land of Israel" + +# the house of Israel + +This refers to the Israelites, the descendants of Israel. AT: "the descendants of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will take captive those who had captured them + +"The Israelite soldiers will take as captives those who had captured Israelites" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/03.md b/isa/14/03.md index 1c52b15648..32812676c9 100644 --- a/isa/14/03.md +++ b/isa/14/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## from your suffering and anguish ## +# from your suffering and anguish -The word "your" is singular but it refers to the people of Israel. Also, "suffering" and "anguish" mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. AT: "from the things that have caused you to suffer greatly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The word "your" is singular, but it refers to the people of Israel. Also, "suffering" and "anguish" mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. AT: "from the things that have caused you to suffer greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the proud fury ended ## +# How the oppressor has come to an end -The word "has" is understood: "the proud fury has ended" or "his pride and fury has ended." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +"The oppressor has come to an end." This is an exclamation. + +# the proud fury ended + +The words "how and "has" are understood. AT: "how the proud fury has ended" or "his pride and fury have ended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the proud fury ended + +The "proud fury" refers to the the king of Babylon being proud and treating other nations cruelly. AT: "his cruelty has ended" or "he can no longer oppress people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/05.md b/isa/14/05.md index 5e3e19d0ef..432acfc4e0 100644 --- a/isa/14/05.md +++ b/isa/14/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Yahweh has broken the staff of the wicked, the scepter of those rulers ## +# Connecting Statement: -Here "staff" and "scepter" refer to a person's power. AT: "Yahweh has broken the power of the wicked people of Babylon and crushed their strong rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is part of the taunt song that the Israelites will sing to the king of Babylon. -## with unceasing blows ## +# Yahweh has broken the staff of the wicked -"again and again" +The staff of the wicked probably refers to a stick that wicked people would hit other people with. Breaking that stick represents destroying their power to treat people cruelly. AT: "Yahweh has destroyed the power of the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## that ruled the nations ## +# the scepter of those rulers -"that conquered other nations" \ No newline at end of file +A scepter represents a ruler's power to rule. Breaking the scepter represents destroying the ruler's power. AT: "Yahweh has destroyed the power of the wicked rulers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that struck the peoples + +"who struck the peoples." Wicked people struck the peoples with their staff. + +# with unceasing blows + +"without stopping" or "again and again" + +# that ruled the nations + +"who conquered other nations" + +# with an attack that was unrestrained + +"attacking them without stopping" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/07.md b/isa/14/07.md index d223c8e3ab..1d9364955d 100644 --- a/isa/14/07.md +++ b/isa/14/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## It arouses the dead for you, all the kings of the earth, making them rise up from their thrones, all the kings of the nations ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Sheol wakes up all the dead kings of the earth so they can greet you when you go there" \ No newline at end of file +This is part of the taunt song that the Israelites will sing to the king of Babylon. + +# The whole earth + +This refers to everyone on earth. AT: "everyone on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Even the cypress trees rejoice over you with the cedars of Lebanon + +Isaiah speaks of the trees as if they were people who could rejoice. This emphasizes that it is such a great thing that God has stopped the king of Babylon that even nature would rejoice if it could. AT: "It will be as if even the cyprus trees and the cedars of Lebanon rejoice over you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# rejoice over you + +Why they rejoice can be stated clearly. AT: "rejoice that God has made you powerless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Since you are laid low + +Being laid low represents being made powerless and unimportant. AT: "Since you have become powerless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Sheol below is eager to meet you + +Sheol is spoken of as if it were a person who is eager to meet his guests. This implies that the king dies. AT: "Sheol is like a host eager to meet you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# It arouses the dead for you, all the kings of the earth + +"it wakes up the dead for you, all the kings of the earth." Sheol is spoken of as if it were a person that could wake up those who are in it. AT: "All the dead kings of the earth in Sheol wake up to greet you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/10.md b/isa/14/10.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1ef132943a --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/14/10.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +This is part of the taunt song that the Israelites will sing to the king of Babylon. Here they sing about what the dead kings in Sheol will say to him. + +# They all will speak and say to you + +The word "they" refers to the dead kings in Sheol, and the word "you" refers to the king of Babylon. + +# Your pomp has been brought down to Sheol + +The dead kings will speak of the king of Babylon having no more splendor as if his splendor had gone down to Sheol. AT: "Your splendor ended when God sent you here to Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with the sound of your string instruments + +People would make music on string instruments to honor the king. The dead kings will speak of people no longer honoring the king of Babylon with music as if the music went to Sheol. AT: "along with the sound of people playing music to honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Maggots are spread under you + +The maggots under his dead body are spoken of as if they were a mat or bed. AT: "You lie on a bed of maggots" or "You lie on many maggots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# worms cover you + +The worms all over his body are spoken of as if they were covering him like a blanket. AT: "Worms cover you like a blanket" or "There are worms all over your body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/12.md b/isa/14/12.md index 25333a2937..2a4962040c 100644 --- a/isa/14/12.md +++ b/isa/14/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## How you are fallen from heaven, O day-star, son of the morning ## +# Connecting Statement: -star, son of the morning** - refers to the star that rises and indicates morning is coming soon. Isaiah compares the king of Babylon to this star, emphasizing that the king once was great but God has destroyed him. AT: "You were like the morning star, but you have fallen from the sky." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is part of the taunt song that the Israelites will sing to the king of Babylon. + +# How you are fallen from heaven, daystar, son of the morning + +The daystar is a bright star that rises just before morning. The people of Israel will refer to the king of Babylon in terms of this star in order to imply that he once was great, but now he was not. AT: "You were like the bright morning star, but you have fallen from the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# How you are cut down to the ground + +The people of Israel will speak of the king of Babylon as if he were a tree that was cut down. AT: "You are defeated like a tree that someone has cut down to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will sit on the mount of assembly + +This alludes to the myth that many people in the Ancient Near East knew, that the Canaanite gods met in council on the top of a mountain in the northern part of Syria. Sitting on the mountain represents ruling with the gods. AT: "I will rule on the mountain where the gods assemble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the far reaches of the north + +"in the most northern places." The mountain in the north was apparently called Zaphon. Some modern versions say "far away on the sides of Zaphon." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/15.md b/isa/14/15.md index 0fffe7af88..e061518008 100644 --- a/isa/14/15.md +++ b/isa/14/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Yet you are now brought down to Sheol ## +# Connecting Statement: -Here "you" refers to the king of Babylon. AT: "But now God has sent you down to Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is part of the taunt song that the Israelites will sing to the king of Babylon. -## Is this the man ## +# Yet you are now brought down to Sheol -The people use a question to mock the king of Babylon. AT: "Surely, this is not the man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But now God has sent you down to Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## who made the earth tremble ## +# Is this the man -AT: "who made the people of the earth tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The people will use this question either to mock the king of Babylon, or to express their shock at what has happened to him. AT: "Surely, this is not the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## who shook kingdoms ## +# who made the earth tremble -AT: "who terrified the people in all the kingdoms" +Possible meanings are 1) the earth trembled as the king's army marched to conquer people, or 2) this refers to the people of the earth trembling in fear of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## who made the world a wilderness ## +# shook kingdoms -"who made the lands of the world where people lived into a wilderness" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor for "conquered kingdoms" or 2) this is metonymy for "terrified the people of kingdoms." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who made the world like a wilderness + +"who made the places where people lived into a wilderness" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/18.md b/isa/14/18.md index f8b8fc75be..6a8b7722dd 100644 --- a/isa/14/18.md +++ b/isa/14/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## all of them, sleep in glory ## +# Connecting Statement: -Here "sleep" refers to death. Alternate translation: "all the kings who have died are buried in a honorable way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is the end of the taunt song that the Israelites will sing to the king of Babylon. -## You...are the son of evil-doers ## +# all of them lie down in honor -doers** - AT: "You...are evil" +This means that their bodies were buried in an honorable way. AT: "all the kings who have died are buried in an honorable way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## will never be mentioned again ## +# But you are cast out of your grave -AT: "no one will ever mention you again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Being thrown out of the grave represents not being buried. AT: "But you are not buried. Your body is left on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like a branch thrown away + +A branch thrown away represents something worthless. AT: "like a worthless branch that is tossed aside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The dead cover you like a garment + +This represents many dead bodies being on top of his body. AT: "The bodies of dead people completely cover your body" or "The bodies of dead soldiers are piled on top of your body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# those pierced by the sword + +This describes "the dead" spoken of at the beginning of this sentence. Being pierced by the sword represents being killed in battle. AT: "those who were killed in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who go down to the stones of the pit + +The pit refers either to hell, or to a large hole in the ground where many dead bodies are simply dumped. + +# You will not join them in burial + +The word "them" refers to the other kings who died and were buried properly. Joining them in burial represents being buried as they were. AT: "you will never be buried as other kings were buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The offspring of evildoers will never be mentioned again + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will ever speak again about the descendants of evildoers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/21.md b/isa/14/21.md index 321c02061c..e33d309ba6 100644 --- a/isa/14/21.md +++ b/isa/14/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,51 @@ -## Prepare your slaughter for his children ## +# Prepare your slaughter for his children -"Get ready to kill the children of the king of Babylon" +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "slaughter" is expressed with the verb "kill." AT: "Get ready to kill the children of the king of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## for the iniquity of their ancestors ## +# for the iniquity of their ancestors -"because their forefathers have sinned greatly" +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "iniquity" is expressed as the verb "sinned greatly." AT: "because their forefathers have sinned greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## this is the declaration of Yahweh of Hosts ## +# so they will not rise up -"this is what Yahweh of Hosts has declared” or "this is what Yahweh of Hosts has solemnly said”" +Here "rise up" represents either becoming powerful or attacking. AT: "so they will not become powerful" or "so they will not attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# possess the earth + +This represents taking control of the people on the earth, in this case by conquering them. AT: "take control of the peoples on the earth" or "conquer the peoples on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fill the whole world with cities + +This represents causing the world to have many cities on it. AT: "build cities all over the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will rise up against them + +This means that God will do something against them. The word "them" refers to the people of Babylon. AT: "I will attack them" or "I will send people to attack them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## from Babylon name, descendant, and posterity ## +# I will cut off from Babylon name, descendant, and posterity -Here "Babylon" refers to the people of Babylon. Also, "name" refers to the entire families of the people. AT: "from the people of Babylon their entire family, their children, and grandchildren." ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Cut off" represents destroying. Here "Babylon" refers to the people of Babylon. Also, "name" refers either to Babylon's fame or to Babylon itself as a kingdom. AT: "I will destroy Babylon, along with the people's children and grandchildren" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will also make her + +The word "her" refers to the city of Babylon. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. AT: "I will also make it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a possession of owls + +This represents wild animals living in the city because there are no people there. AT: "a place where owls live" or "a place where wild animals live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# into pools of water + +Causing there to be swamps or ponds of stagnant water where the city was is spoken of as making the city into those things. AT: "into a place where there are stagnant ponds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will sweep her with the broom of destruction + +This represents completely destroying Babylon and making it no longer exist as if it is worthless dirt that people sweep away. AT: "I will destroy it completely, like sweeping it away with a broom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/24.md b/isa/14/24.md index e9f4669ac4..a79893789a 100644 --- a/isa/14/24.md +++ b/isa/14/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## as I have intended, so it will come about; and as I have purposed, so it will be ## +# as I have intended, so it will come about; and as I have purposed, so it will be -AT: "the things that I have planned will surely happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "the things that I have planned will surely happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the Assyrian ## +# I will break the Assyrian in my land -AT: "the king of Assyria and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Breaking represents defeating. AT: "I will defeat the Assyrian in my land" or "I will cause the Assyrian in my land to be defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Then his yoke will be lifted from off them and his burden from off their shoulder ## +# the Assyrian -AT: "Then I will free the people of Israel from the king of Assyria like taking the yoke off of an ox." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This represents the Assyrian king and his army. AT: "the king of Assyria and his army" or "the Assyrian army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# trample him underfoot + +This represents completely defeating him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Then his yoke will be lifted from off them and his burden from off their shoulder + +This can be expressed with an active verb. AT: "Then I will lift his yoke from them and his burden from their shoulder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then his yoke will be lifted from off them and his burden from off their shoulder + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Lifting the yoke and burden represents setting people free from slavery. AT: "Then I will set the Israelites free from slavery to Assyria like removing a heavy burden from their shoulder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his yoke ... his burden + +The word "his" refers to Assyria. + +# from off them ... from off their shoulder + +The words "them" and "their" refer to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/26.md b/isa/14/26.md index 59ab7697ba..3227bcda24 100644 --- a/isa/14/26.md +++ b/isa/14/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -This may be Isaiah speaking or it may be Yahweh speaking +# General Information: -## this is the hand that is stretched out over all the nations ## +This may be Isaiah speaking or it may be Yahweh speaking. -Here "hand" refers to Yahweh's power. AT: "this is my power to punish all the nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# This is the plan that is intended for the whole earth -## who will thwart him? ## +The idea of "is intended" can be expressed with an active verb. AT: "This is the plan that God intends for the whole earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is the hand that is raised over all the nations + +God being ready to punish the nations is spoken of as if he raised his hand in order to hit them. The word "hand" may also represent his power. AT: "this is Yahweh's power to punish all the nations" or "this is how Yahweh will punish the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who will stop him? This question emphasizes that no one can stop Yahweh. AT: "there is no one who can stop him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## His hand is stretched out, and who will turn it back? ## +# His hand is raised -AT: "His powerful hand is ready to punish the nations, and no one is able to stop it." \ No newline at end of file +This represents Yahweh being ready to punish the nations. AT: "He is ready to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who will turn it back? + +This question is used to say that no one can turn back God's hand. Turning back his hand represents stopping him from punishing the nations. AT: "no one can turn it back." or "no one can stop him from punishing them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/28.md b/isa/14/28.md index d97c033162..45e8545969 100644 --- a/isa/14/28.md +++ b/isa/14/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## The firstborn of the poor will eat ## +# the rod that struck you is broken -"The poorest people will have food to eat" +The rod that struck Philistia represents a king who sent his army to attack them. Being broken represents either being dead or being defeated. AT: "the king that sent his army against you is dead" or "the army that attacked you is defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will kill your root with famine that will put to death all your survivors ## +# For out of the serpent's root will grow out an adder ... his offspring will be a fiery flying serpent -Here "your root" refers to the people of Philistia. \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases are both the image of a serpent's offspring being even more harmful than the serpent. They represent a king's successor being more powerful and cruel than the first king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an adder + +a kind of poisonous snake + +# a fiery flying serpent + +Here the word "fiery" probably refers to the serpent's poisonous bite, and the word "flying" refers to its quick movements. AT: "a quickly moving poisonous snake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The firstborn of the poor + +This represents the poorest people. AT: "The poorest people" or "The poorest of my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will kill your root with famine that will put to death all your survivors + +Here "your root" refers to the people of Philistia. AT: "I will kill your people with famine that will put to death all your survivors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/31.md b/isa/14/31.md index ee3ba787fc..db9a4fd8be 100644 --- a/isa/14/31.md +++ b/isa/14/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## you will melt away ## +# Howl, gate; cry, city -"you will grow weak with fear" +Here "gate" and "city" represent the people at the city gates and in the cities. "Howl, you people at the city gates; cry, you people in the cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## How then will one answer the messengers of that nation? ## +# you will melt away -AT: "This is how we will answer the messengers of Philistia." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Melting away represents becoming weak because of fear. AT: "you will grow weak with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For out of the north comes a cloud of smoke + +This implies that a large army is coming from the north. AT: "For from the north comes a large army with a cloud of smoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a cloud of smoke + +Possible meanings are 1) this represents a cloud of dust that the army stirs up as they travel on dry dirt roads. AT: "a cloud of dust" or 2) there is a lot of smoke because of all the things that the army destroys and burns. AT: "much smoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is no straggler in his ranks + +"no one in his ranks walks slowly behind the others" + +# How will they respond to the messengers of that nation? + +The author uses this question to introduce his instruction about how the Israelites should speak to the messengers. AT: "This is how we will answer the messengers of Philistia." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Yahweh has founded Zion + +"Yahweh started Zion" + +# in her + +"in Jerusalem" or "there" + +# the afflicted of his people + +"those of his people who have been afflicted" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/14/intro.md b/isa/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..365e75bd65 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Isaiah 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 14:3-27, 29-32, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Satan ##### +It is believed that this chapter references Satan. It describes Satan as a star fallen from heaven. There are five important statements beginning with the words "I will" which appear to show the essence of Satan's sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Babylon ##### +This is the name of the kingdom that conquered Judah, but it is also the name representing Satan's kingdom in prophecies. They were not yet a world power when these words were spoken. It should be translated as "Babylon," but translators should be aware of its dual meaning. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Israel ##### +The use of Israel in this chapter is in reference to the nation or people group of Israel. It is this Israel who will be restored and not the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/15/01.md b/isa/15/01.md index 0f2016caf4..fcff4e1c06 100644 --- a/isa/15/01.md +++ b/isa/15/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Often in prophecy events that will happen in future are described as happening now or in the past. This emphasizes that the event will certainly happen. +# General Information: -## Ar...Kir...Dibon...Nebo...Medeba ## +Often in prophecy events that will happen in future are described as happening now or in the past. This emphasizes that the event will certainly happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -These are names of cities and towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# A declaration -## is laid waste and destroyed ## +"This is what Yahweh declares" or "This is a message from Yahweh" -AT: "God will completely destroy it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Ar ... Kir ... Dibon ... Nebo ... Medeba -## Moab laments over Nebo and over Medeba ## +These are names of cities and towns in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -"The people of Moab will weep because of what happened to the cities of Nebo and Medeba." \ No newline at end of file +# Ar of Moab is laid waste and destroyed + +The words "laid waste" and "destroyed" mean the same thing and emphasize that the city was completely ruined. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Enemy armies will completely destroy Ar of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# went up to the heights to weep + +Here "up to the heights" refers to a temple or altar that was built on high ground like a hill or mountain side. AT: "went up to the temple on the hilltop to weep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Moab laments over Nebo and over Medeba + +These place names refer to the people who live there. AT: "the people of Moab will weep because of what happened to the cities of Nebo and Medeba" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# All their heads are shaved bare and all their beards are cut off + +They do this to show their extreme sadness. AT" "They will all shave their heads and cut off their beards and grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/15/03.md b/isa/15/03.md index 10c8245bd9..499d6383c1 100644 --- a/isa/15/03.md +++ b/isa/15/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## Heshbon and Elealea ## +This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. (See: [Isaiah 15:1-2](./01.md)) -This refers to "The people of Heshbon and Elealea." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# they wear sackcloth -## Heshbon, Elealeh, Jahaz ## +They do this to show their extreme sadness. AT: "they wear sackcloth and mourn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Heshbon ... Elealeh ... Jahaz These are names of cities and towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## their hearts tremble in them ## +# Heshbon and Elealeh call out -AT: “they will be completely filled with fear.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +These city names represent the people of these cities. "The people of Heshbon and Elealeh call out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they tremble within themselves + +Physical trembling is a symptom of fear and represents fear. AT: "they will be completely filled with fear" or "they tremble with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/15/05.md b/isa/15/05.md index e384123d8c..1706e3e085 100644 --- a/isa/15/05.md +++ b/isa/15/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## her fugitives flee ## +This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. (See: [Isaiah 15:1-2](./01.md)) -"the fugitives from Moab will flee". A fugitive is a person who runs away so that his enemy will not capture him. +# My heart cries out for Moab -## Zoar...Eglath Shelishiyah...Luhith...Horonaim...Nimrim ## +Here God is represented by his "heart" which emphasizes his emotions. God speaks of his great sadness as if his heart cried out. AT: "I am extremely sad about what is happening to Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her fugitives flee + +"the fugitives from Moab will flee." A fugitive is a person who runs away so that his enemy will not capture him. + +# Zoar ... Eglath Shelishiyah ... Luhith ... Horonaim ... Nimrim These are names of cities and towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## over their destruction ## +# over their destruction -"because their city is destroyed" +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "destruction" is expressed as the verb "destroyed." AT: "because their city is destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## The abundance ## +# The abundance "Everything" -## brook of the poplars ## +# brook of the poplars This may refer to the river at the southern border of Moab. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/15/08.md b/isa/15/08.md index 5d25d04149..e0c3b985d3 100644 --- a/isa/15/08.md +++ b/isa/15/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## Eglaim...Beer Elim...Dimon ## +This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. (See: [Isaiah 15:1-2](./01.md)) -These are names of cities and towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# The cry has gone around the territory of Moab -## but I will bring even more upon Dimon ## +People's crying out and others hearing it is spoken of as if the cry had gone out. AT: "People all over the territory of Moab cry out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Here "I" refers to Yahweh. Also, "upon Dimon" refers to the people. AT: "I will cause even more trouble on the people of Dimon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the wailing as far as Eglaim and Beer Elim + +The words "has gone" are understood. People's wailing and others hearing it is spoken of as if the wailing had gone as far away as these two places. AT: "the wailing has gone as far as Egalim and Beer Elim" or "people even as far away as Elaim and Beer Elim wail" + +# Eglaim ... Beer Elim ... Dimon + +These are names of cities and towns. Dimon was the principal city of the country of Moab. Several modern versions have "Dibon" instead of "Dimon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# but I will bring even more upon Dimon + +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. Also, "Dimon" refers to the people who live there. AT: "but I will cause even more trouble for the people of Dimon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/15/intro.md b/isa/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2d474860d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Isaiah 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 15, which is an extended quotation. + +This chapter shifts from discussing Judah to the nation of Moab. Moab is punished by Yahweh, even though he is not a god they worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/god]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/01.md b/isa/16/01.md index 9456fe701c..042792096f 100644 --- a/isa/16/01.md +++ b/isa/16/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## Send rams to the ruler of the land ## +This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. Verse one is probably what God says the rulers of Moab will say to each other. (See: [Isaiah 15:1-2](../15/01.md)) -The Moabites will send rams to the king of Judah so that he might protect them from the enemy army. +# Send rams to the ruler of the land -## Selah ## +The Moabites will send rams to the king of Judah so that he might protect them from the enemy army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Selah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the daughter of Zion ## +# the daughter of Zion -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +The "daughter" of a city means the people of the city. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "the people of Zion" or "the people who live in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## As wandering birds, as a scattered nest, so the women of Moab are at the fords of the Arnon River ## +# As wandering birds, as a scattered nest, so the women of Moab are at the fords of the Arnon River -All the people of Moab, which includes the women, are forced to flee from their homes. AT: "Like birds without a home, the women of Moab will flee across the river to another land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +All the people of Moab, which includes the women, are forced to flee from their homes. AT: "Like birds without a home, the women of Moab will flee across the river to another land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# As wandering birds, as a scattered nest + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/03.md b/isa/16/03.md index 2d0c03aab4..c4ef9ed675 100644 --- a/isa/16/03.md +++ b/isa/16/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## provide some shade like night in the middle of the day ## +This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. Verses 3 and 4 is probably the message that the Moabite rulers send to the king of Judah. (See: [Isaiah 15:1-2](../15/01.md)) -AT: "provide a place to rest like if night came during the hottest part of the day." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# provide some shade like night in the middle of the day -## Let them live among you, the refugees from Moab ## +The heat of the middle of the day represents the Moabites' suffering from their enemies, and shade represents protection from their enemies. Comparing the shade to night shows that they want strong protection. AT: "protect us completely from our enemies as a large shadow protects people from the hot sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -"Allow the refugees from Moab to live with you." Here "you" refers to the people of Judah. See how you translated "refugee" in [Isaiah 15:5](../15/05.md). +# Let them live among you, the refugees from Moab -## be a hiding-place for them from the destroyer ## +"Allow the refugees from Moab to live with you." Here "you" refers to the people of Judah. -place for them from the destroyer** - "give them a place to hide from those who are trying to destroy them" \ No newline at end of file +# be a hiding place for them from the destroyer + +Providing a hiding place is spoken of as being a hiding place. AT: "give them a place to hide from those who are trying to destroy them" or "hide them from those who want to destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/05.md b/isa/16/05.md index 73e4120a52..fa30ce5704 100644 --- a/isa/16/05.md +++ b/isa/16/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## A throne will be established in covenant faithfulness ## +# A throne will be established in covenant faithfulness -Here "throne" refers to the power to rule as king over the people. AT: "Yahweh will be faithful to the covenant and he will appoint a king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "throne" refers to the power to rule as king. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will be faithful to the covenant and he will appoint a king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and one from David's tent will faithfully sit there ## +# one from David's tent will faithfully sit there -Here "David's tent" means the king will be a descendant of King David. AT: "and he will be a descendant of King David and he will be faithful" \ No newline at end of file +Here "David's tent" represents David's family, including his descendants. Sitting on the throne represents ruling. AT: "a descendant of David will rule faithfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as he seeks justice + +Seeking justice represents wanting to do what is just. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/06.md b/isa/16/06.md index 8ca01ba8ca..629c95c1f1 100644 --- a/isa/16/06.md +++ b/isa/16/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## We have heard of Moab's pride, his arrogance, his boasting, and his anger ## +This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. (See: [Isaiah 15:1-2](../15/01.md)) -"We" refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. And the words "Moab's" and "his" refer to the people of Moab. AT: "We have heard that the people of Moab are proud and arrogant, and they boast and are full of rage." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# We have heard of Moab's pride, his arrogance, his boasting, and his anger -## his boastings are empty words ## +The words "Moab's" and "his" refer to the people of Moab. AT: "We have heard that the people of Moab are proud and arrogant, boastful and angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"but what they say about themselves means nothing" +# We have heard -## So Moab wails for Moab, everyone wails ## +Possible meanings are that 1) Isaiah is speaking and "We" refers to him and the people of Judah, or 2) God is speaking and "We" refers to God. -"So all the people of Moab will cry out loud over what has happened to their cities." +# But his boastings are empty words -## You mourn for the raisin-cakes of Kir Hareseth that was completely devastated ## +"But what they say about themselves means nothing" or "But what they boast about is not true" -cakes of Kir Hareseth that was completely devastated** - "You will mourn because Kir Hareseth is ruined and you can no longer go there to buy cakes made from raisins." Here "you" refers to the people of Moab. And, "Kir Hareseth" is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# So Moab wails for Moab—they all wail + +"Moab" represents the people of Moab. "So all the people of Moab will cry out loud over what has happened to their cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for the raisin cakes of Kir Hareseth + +"because there are no raisin cakes in Kir Hareseth" + +# raisin cakes + +The Hebrew word used here means either "raisin cakes" or "men." + +# Kir Hareseth + +"Kir Hareseth" is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/08.md b/isa/16/08.md index 8d8f65b2b1..ad65d67740 100644 --- a/isa/16/08.md +++ b/isa/16/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## Heshbon ## +This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it happened in the past. (See: [Isaiah 15:1-2](../15/01.md)) -See how you translated the name of this city in [Isaiah 15:3](../15/03.md). +# Heshbon -## Sibmah…Jazer ## +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Isaiah 15:4](../15/03.md). + +# Sibmah ... Jazer These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## The rulers of the nations have trampled the choice vines ## +# The rulers of the nations have trampled the choice vines The land of Moab was known for its vineyards. Here God describes the land of Moab as one large vineyard. This emphasizes that the rulers, which refers to the armies, completely destroyed everything in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/09.md b/isa/16/09.md index 59bd00d788..56195925e1 100644 --- a/isa/16/09.md +++ b/isa/16/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + This continues to describe the land of Moab as one large vineyard (See: [Isaiah 16:8](./08.md)). God describes events that will happen in the future as if they are happening in the present. -## Indeed I will weep ## +# Indeed I will weep In 16:9-10 the word "I" refers to Yahweh. -## Jazer…Sibmah ## +# I will water you with my tears -See how you translated the names of these cities in [Isaiah 16:8](./08.md). +God speaks of his deep sorrow for these places as if he would cry much and his many tears would fall on them. AT: "I will cry much for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Heshbon…Elealeh ## +# Jazer ... Sibmah -See how you translated the names of these cities in [Isaiah 15:3](../15/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Isaiah 16:8](./08.md). + +# Heshbon ... Elealeh + +Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Isaiah 15:4](../15/03.md). + +# For on your fields of summer fruits and harvest I have ended the shouts of joy + +The "shouts of joy" represent people shouting for joy about the harvest of their fruit trees. AT: "Because of what I will do, you will no longer shout for joy when you harvest your fields of summer fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have put an end to the shouts of the one who treads + +Here "the shouts" refers to the joy of the people who tread the grapes to produce the wine. AT: "therefore the people who tread the grapes do not shout with joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/11.md b/isa/16/11.md index a551f11f47..b59b1e28ef 100644 --- a/isa/16/11.md +++ b/isa/16/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## So my heart sighs like a harp for Moab ## +This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. (See: [Isaiah 15:1-2](../15/01.md)) -The phrase "my heart" refers to Yahweh. He compares the sadness he feels to the sound of a sad song played on a harp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# So my heart sighs like a harp for Moab -## Moab...himself...his ## +The phrase "my heart" represents Yahweh and his sad feelings. He compares his sigh to the sound of a sad song played on a harp. AT: "So I sigh like a sad song on a harp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Moab ... himself ... his All of these words refer to the people of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and my inward being for Kir-hereseth ## +# my inward being for Kir Hareseth -hereseth** - "and I am sad for the people of Kir-hereseth." See how you translated Kir-hereseth in [Isaiah 16:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "my inward being" represents Yahweh. The word "sighs" is understood from the previous phrase. See how you translated Kir Hareseth in [Isaiah 16:7](./06.md). AT: "my inward being sighs for Kir Hareseth" or "I am very sad for the people of Kir Hareseth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# his prayers will accomplish nothing + +"his prayers will not be answered" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/13.md b/isa/16/13.md index 75d234abc5..fe147807d5 100644 --- a/isa/16/13.md +++ b/isa/16/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## This is the word ## +# This is the word "This is the message." This refers to all he said in 15:1-16:12. -## concerning Moab ## +# concerning Moab -This refers to "concerning the people of Moab." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "Moab" refers to the people of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the glory of Moab will disappear ## +# the glory of Moab will disappear -"the land of Moab will be worth nothing" \ No newline at end of file +"The country of Moab will no longer be glorious" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/16/intro.md b/isa/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dc3e1bfbf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Isaiah 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 16:1-12, which is an extended quotation. + +This chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter and is a prophecy against the nation of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/17/01.md b/isa/17/01.md index ff42514680..0a437fd0d2 100644 --- a/isa/17/01.md +++ b/isa/17/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## about Damascus ## +# about Damascus -See how you translated "Damascus" in [Isaiah 7:7](../07/07.md).This refers to the people. AT: "about the people of Damascus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Damascus is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:8](../07/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## The cities of Aroer will be abandoned ## +# The cities of Aroer will be abandoned -"All the people will abandon the cities of Aroer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. "All the people will abandon the cities of Aroer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Fortified cities ## +# no one will frighten them -"Strong cities" +The word "them" refers to the sheep. -## Aram ## +# Fortified cities will disappear from Ephraim -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:1](../07/01.md). +Ephraim was the largest tribe in Israel. Here it represents the entire northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "Strong cities will disappear from Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## they will be like the glory of the children of Israel ## +# will disappear -"I, Yahweh, will bring shame on them as I did the people of Israel" +This does not mean that they will vanish, but that the cities will be destroyed. -## declaration of Yahweh of Hosts ## +# the kingdom from Damascus -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:21](../14/21.md). \ No newline at end of file +The words "will disappear" are understood from the previous phrase. Damascus was where the king of Aram ruled from. The kingdom disappearing represents the king no longer having royal power. AT: "the kingdom will disappear from Damascus" or "there will be no royal power in Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Aram + +Aram is the name of a nation. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they will be like the glory of the people of Israel + +Since the people of Israel were no longer glorious, this meant that the remnant of Aram would no longer be glorious. AT: "they will no longer have glory, just like the people of Israel" or "I will bring shame on them as I did the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 14:22](../14/21.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/17/04.md b/isa/17/04.md index bd0312ce80..ac70b8ffde 100644 --- a/isa/17/04.md +++ b/isa/17/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## It will come about that ## +# It will come about This phrase is used here to mark an important event that will happen. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## the glory of Jacob will become thin and the fatness of his flesh will become lean ## +# the glory of Jacob will become thin, and the fatness of his flesh will become lean -Here "Jacob" refers to the people of Israel. God emphasizes that they were strong but they will become weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "Jacob" refers to the kingdom of Israel. Israel would no longer be glorious. Rather it would be weak and poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## It will be as when a harvester gathers the standing grain, and his arm reaps the heads of grain. It will be as when one gleans heads of grain in the valley of Rephaim ## +# It will be as when a harvester gathers the standing grain ... in the Valley of Rephaim -There will be nothing left in the land after God punishes the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +There will be nothing left in the land after God punishes the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the Valley of Rephaim + +This is a valley where people normally grew and harvested much food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/17/06.md b/isa/17/06.md index 45885b8755..3bee2af01a 100644 --- a/isa/17/06.md +++ b/isa/17/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -5]]) +# General Information: -## Gleanings will be left, however, as when the olive tree is shaken ## +This continues to compare the nation of Israel with a field after it is harvested. (See: [Isaiah 17:4-5](./04.md)) -"But, there will be a few people left in Israel, like the few olives left behind after the harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# Gleanings will be left -## two or three...four or five ## +The word "Gleanings" here represents the people who will still live in Israel. AT: "But there will be a few people left in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"2 or 3...4 or 5" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# as when the olive tree is shaken -## declaration of Yahweh ## +People harvested olive trees by shaking them so that the olives would fall out. AT: "like the few olives that remain on the olive trees after people harvest them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:21](../14/21.md). +# four or five -## their eyes will look ## +The word "olives" is understood from the phrase before this. AT: "four or five olives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -Here "eyes" refers to the people who are looking. AT: "they will look" or "the people will look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# this is the declaration of Yahweh, the God of Israel -## Holy One of Israel ## +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh, the God of Israel, has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, the God of Israel, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# men will look toward their Maker ... will look to the Holy One of Israel + +Looking toward God here represents hoping that he will help them. AT: "men will hope that their Maker, the Holy One of Israel, will help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# men will look + +The word "men" represents people in general. AT: "people will look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# their eyes will look + +Here "eyes" represents the people who look. AT: "they will look" or "the people will look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Holy One of Israel See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/17/08.md b/isa/17/08.md index d123c4feaa..a456b053b7 100644 --- a/isa/17/08.md +++ b/isa/17/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## They will not look ## +# They will not look to the altars -"The people of Israel will not look" +Looking to the altars represents worshiping idols with the hope that the idols will help them. AT: "They will not worship idols at their altars" or "The people of Israel will not go to their altars and ask their idols to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## look to ## +# the work of their hands -"rely on" +Here the people are represented by their "hands" to emphasize that they made the altars or idols. AT: "that they made with their hands" or "which they themselves built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## that were forsaken because of the people of Israel ## +# what their fingers have made ... the Asherah poles or the sun images -It can be made explicit who left these lands: "that the Hivites and Amorites left after the people of Israel came." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The second phrase identifies the things that the people made. Speaking of the fingers here emphasizes that the people made them, so these things are not real gods. AT: "the Asherah poles or the sun images, which they themselves made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that were forsaken because of the people of Israel + +It can be made explicit who left these lands. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the Hivites and Amorites left after the people of Israel came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/17/10.md b/isa/17/10.md index fcc293a0fe..cc3c1a785c 100644 --- a/isa/17/10.md +++ b/isa/17/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## For you have forgotten ## +# For you have forgotten Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. The word "forgotten" does not mean they have no memory of God. It means they no longer obey him. AT: "For you no longer obey" -## the God of your salvation ## +# the God of your salvation "the God who saves you" -## and have ignored the rock of your strength ## +# have ignored the rock of your strength -This compares God to a rock. This emphasizes his strength and ability to protect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This compares God to a large rock which people could climb on to get away from their enemies or hide behind. AT: "have ignored God, who is like a rock that protects you" or "have ignored the one who protects you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the harvest will fail + +"there will not be much fruit for you to harvest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/17/12.md b/isa/17/12.md index b9e5926642..0fbb946c06 100644 --- a/isa/17/12.md +++ b/isa/17/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## The uproar of many peoples, that roar like the roaring of the seas, and the rushing of nations, that rush like the rushing of mighty waters ## +# The uproar of many peoples, that roar like the roaring of the seas -the enemy armies appear to be a powerful force that no one can stop. AT: "The armies from the nations will roar and come rushing in like the mighty waters." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +An uproar is a very loud noise. AT: "The sound of many people, that is very loud like the seas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## as the dead weeds on the mountains before the wind, and like weeds whirling before a storm ## +# the rushing of nations, that rush like the rushing of mighty waters -the armies seemed powerful but God will easily stop them. +The enemy armies appear to be a powerful force that no one can stop. AT: "the nations come rushing in like the mighty waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## loot us...rob us ## +# the rushing of nations -The word "us" refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "nations" refers to the armies of those nations. AT: "the rushing of the enemy armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# as the dead weeds on the mountains before the wind ... like weeds whirling before a storm + +These two phrases mean the same thing. The enemy armies seem powerful but God will easily stop them and send them away. AT: "like dead weeds on the mountains that the wind blows away ... like weeds that whirl and blow away as a storm approaches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# This is the portion of those + +What happens to them is spoken of as if it is a portion that they inherit. AT: "This is what happens to those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# loot us ... rob us + +The word "us" refers to Isaiah and the people of Judah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/17/intro.md b/isa/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6f3c5f7868 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 17:1-6, 9-14, which are important quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Damascus ##### +This chapter prophesies destruction against the people of Damascus. Damascus was the capital of Aram. The people of Damascus worship gods other than Yahweh and have fought Yahweh's people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Ephraim ##### +This chapter prophesied destruction against the kingdom of Israel. They are also called Ephraim in this chapter. Both the northern kingdom of Israel and Aram were conquered at about the same time in history. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/18/01.md b/isa/18/01.md index 80d944e2b4..28f8351af7 100644 --- a/isa/18/01.md +++ b/isa/18/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## Woe to the land of the rustling of wings, which is beyond the rivers of Ethiopia ## +# Woe to the land of the rustling of wings, which is along the rivers of Cush -AT: "Woe to those who live in the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia, whose many ships look like insects on the water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings of "the rustling of wings" are 1) the boats that have sails are spoken of as having wings. AT: "Woe to those who live in the land beyond the rivers of Cush, whose many ships look like insects on the water" or 2) the rustling of wings refers to the noise of insects that have wings, perhaps locusts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## by the sea ## +# by the sea -People in Egypt and Ethiopia referred to the Nile River as "the sea." +The Nile River was very wide, and people in Egypt and Cush referred to it as "the sea." AT: "on the great river" or "along the Nile River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## vessels of papyrus ## +# vessels of papyrus -Papyrus is a tall plant that grows along the side of the Nile River. People would bind together papyrus bundles to make boats. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +Papyrus is a tall plant that grows along the side of the Nile River. People bound together papyrus bundles to make boats. AT: "papyrus boats" or "boats made of reeds" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# a nation tall and smooth ... a people feared far and near ... a nation strong and trampling down, whose land the rivers divide + +These phrases all describe the people of one nation. + +# a nation tall and smooth + +The word "nation" here refers to the people of that nation. AT: "a nation whose people are tall and have smooth skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a people feared far and near + +The words "far" and "near" are used together to mean "everywhere." AT: "a people who are feared everywhere" or "a people that everyone in the earth fears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# a nation strong and trampling down + +Trampling down represents conquering other nations. AT: "a nation that is strong and conquers other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the rivers divide + +This probably refers to many rivers that flow through the nation so they divide it into different parts. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/18/03.md b/isa/18/03.md index cedebfb0e3..f172e85508 100644 --- a/isa/18/03.md +++ b/isa/18/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## All you inhabitants of the world and you dwellers on the earth ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "All you people on the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Verse 3 tells what the messengers in [Isaiah 18:2](./01.md) must say to the people of the world. -## when a signal is lifted up on the mountains, look; and when the trumpet is blown, listen ## +# All you inhabitants of the world ... you who live on the earth -See how you translated "signal" in [Isaiah 5:26](../05/26.md). AT: "pay attention when you see the signal flag on the mountains and when you hear the sound of the trumpet." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "All you people on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# when a signal is lifted up on the mountains, look; and when the trumpet is blown, listen + +The signal and trumpet were to call people to battle. The commands to look and listen are commands to pay attention and prepare for battle. AT: "pay attention when the signal is lifted up on the mountains and the trumpet is blown" + +# when a signal is lifted up on the mountains, look + +The signal was a flag used to call people to battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "pay attention when you see the battle flag on the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when the trumpet is blown, listen + +The trumpets were used to call people to battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "pay attention when you hear the sound of the battle trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/18/04.md b/isa/18/04.md index 39815851b6..115f6bc66f 100644 --- a/isa/18/04.md +++ b/isa/18/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## This is what Yahweh said to me ## +# General Information: + +God uses a parable about a farmer in a vineyard in order to describe how he will punish a certain nation. That nation is either Ethiopia or Ethiopia's enemy. + +# This is what Yahweh said to me "Yahweh said to me." Here the word "me" refers to Isaiah. -## like the simmering heat in sunshine, like a cloud of mist in the heat of harvest ## +# I will quietly observe from my home -Both of these phrases emphasize how quietly God will watch. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +What God will observe can be stated clearly. AT: "I will quietly observe that nation from my home" or "From my home, I will quietly watch what the people of that nation do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## pruning hooks ## +# like the simmering heat in sunshine, like a cloud of mist in the heat of harvest -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:4](../02/04.md). \ No newline at end of file +These phrases show how quietly God will watch the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Before the harvest + +This is a harvest of grapes. This can be made explicit. AT: "Before the grape harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# when the blossoming is over + +It can be stated clearly that this refers to blossoms on grape vines. AT: "when flowers have finished growing on the grape vines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he will cut off the sprigs with pruning hooks + +Yahweh will cut off the branches before the grapes can ripen. AT: "Yahweh will cut off the branches with knives before their produce fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# pruning hooks + +A pruning hook is a knife that people use to cut branches off of vines or other plants. + +# he will cut down and take away the spreading branches + +Yahweh will throw away the branches in judgment. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/18/06.md b/isa/18/06.md index 3b162e7eda..e68fde8e87 100644 --- a/isa/18/06.md +++ b/isa/18/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# They will be left together -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). +God seems to change from telling the parable to speaking more directly about the nation. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Those who are killed will be left together" or "Like branches that are cut off and thrown away, the bodies of those who are killed will be left on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## people tall and smooth, from a people feared far and near, a nation mighty and conquering ## +# The birds will summer on them -See how you translated similar phrases in [Isaiah 18:1](./01.md). +"The birds will eat them during the summer." The word "birds" refers to birds that eat the flesh of dead bodies. -## to the place of the name of Yahweh of Hosts, to Mount Zion ## +# all the animals of the earth -The word "name" refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: "to Mount Zion where Yahweh of Hosts dwells." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"all kinds of wild animals" + +# will winter on them + +"will eat them in the winter" + +# a people tall and smooth ... a people feared far and near ... a nation strong and trampling down, whose land the rivers divide + +These phrases all describe the people of one nation. See how you translated these phrases in [Isaiah 18:2](./01.md). + +# a people tall and smooth + +"a people who are tall and have smooth skin" + +# a people feared far and near + +The words "far" and "near" are used together to mean "everywhere." AT: "a people who are feared everywhere" or "a people that everyone in the earth fears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# a nation strong and trampling down + +Trampling down represents conquering other nations. AT: "a nation that is strong and conquers other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to the place of the name of Yahweh of hosts, to Mount Zion + +The word "name" refers to Yahweh. AT: "to Mount Zion, where Yahweh of hosts dwells" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/18/intro.md b/isa/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7ed6624f25 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 18, which is an important quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Cush ##### +This chapter records prophecies against the nation of Cush. They are being punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +This chapter uses many metaphors to describe the destruction coming to the people of Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/01.md b/isa/19/01.md index 6bbccc3c79..7a52372783 100644 --- a/isa/19/01.md +++ b/isa/19/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## the idols of Egypt quake before him ## +# See -Isaiah is describing the idols as having feelings of fear as Yahweh approaches. AT: "the idols of Egypt tremble in fear before Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"Look" or "Listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. -## and the hearts of the Egyptians melt within themselves ## +# Yahweh rides on a swift cloud -Here "heart" refers to courage. AT: “the Egyptian’s courage disappears” +Yahweh seems to be pictured here as riding on a cloud as if he was riding in a chariot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## city will be against city ## +# the idols of Egypt quake before him -"people from different cities in Egypt will fight with one another" +The idols are described as having feelings of fear as Yahweh approaches. AT: "the idols of Egypt tremble in fear before Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## kingdom against kingdom ## +# the hearts of the Egyptians melt within themselves -"the rulers in Egypt will send their people to fight with one another" \ No newline at end of file +The heart melting represents losing their courage. AT: "the Egyptians have no more courage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a man against his neighbor + +The words "will fight" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "a man will fight against his neighbor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# city will be against city + +The word "city" represents the people of the city. AT: "people of one city will fight against people of another city" or "people from different cities will fight against one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# kingdom against kingdom + +The words "will be" or "will fight" are understood from the previous phrases. AT: "kingdom will be against kingdom" or "kingdom will fight against kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# kingdom against kingdom + +The word "kingdom" refers to a smaller kingdom within Egypt. It may also be called a province. It represents the people of that kingdom or province. AT: "the people of one province will be against the people of another province" or "people from different provinces will fight against one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/03.md b/isa/19/03.md index 21d8fd8a71..1182c79b1a 100644 --- a/isa/19/03.md +++ b/isa/19/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## I will destroy his counsel ## +# The spirit of Egypt will be weakened from within. I will destroy his advice -"I, Yahweh, will confuse those who counsel the king" +The nation of Egypt is spoken of here as if it was a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## mediums, and spiritualists ## +# The spirit of Egypt will be weakened from within -See how you translated similar words in [Isaiah 8:19](../08/19.md). +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "I will weaken the spirit of Egypt from within" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I will give the Egyptians into the hand of a harsh master ## +# I will destroy his advice -Here "hand" refers to power or control. AT: “I will give the Egyptians over to the control of a harsh master” +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will cause the advice that he gives to be ineffective or 2) Yahweh will cause him to be unable to give any advice. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "advice" is expressed as the verb "advise." AT: "I will confuse those who advise the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## declaration of the Lord, Yahweh of Hosts ## +# though -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:24](../01/24.md). \ No newline at end of file +"although" or "even though" + +# mediums ... spiritualists + +These are people who claim to speak with those who have died. + +# I will give the Egyptians into the hand of a harsh master + +Here "hand" refers to power or control. AT: "I will give the Egyptians over to the control of a harsh master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 3:15](../03/13.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/05.md b/isa/19/05.md index 64a5ad3027..27a595f599 100644 --- a/isa/19/05.md +++ b/isa/19/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## The waters of the sea will dry up, and the river will dry up and become empty ## +# The waters of the sea will dry up, and the river will dry up and become empty -Egyptians referred to the Nile River as "the sea." AT: "The Nile River will completely dry up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Egyptians referred to the Nile River as "the sea." These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "The Nile River will completely dry up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the reeds and flags will wither away ## +# become foul -"The plants along the river will die" \ No newline at end of file +"become foul-smelling" or "stink" + +# dwindle + +"be low" + +# the reeds and flags will wither away + +"Reeds" and "flags" refer to two similar kinds of water plants. AT: "the plants along the river will die and decay" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/07.md b/isa/19/07.md index e7352be9fe..82ff131791 100644 --- a/isa/19/07.md +++ b/isa/19/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## The fishermen will wail and mourn, and all who cast a hook into the Nile will mourn like those who spread nets on the waters will grieve ## +# the sown fields of the Nile -The reason they are grieving can be made explicit: "and the fishermen who try to catch fish with hooks or nets will cry in despair because all the fish in the Nile have died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the fields near the Nile where people have planted crops" + +# The fishermen will wail and mourn, and all who cast a hook into the Nile will mourn, and those who spread nets on the waters will grieve + +These three phrases mean basically the same thing. If necessary, the reason they will grieve can be stated clearly. AT: "The fishermen who catch fish with hooks or nets will cry in despair because the fish in the Nile have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# cast a hook into the Nile + +In order to catch fish, some people put a little food on a hook, tie the hook to a string, and throw the hook into the water. When a fish tries to eat the food, its mouth gets stuck on the hook, and the person pulls the fish out of the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# cast + +"throw" + +# spread nets on the waters + +In order to catch fish, some people toss a net on the water. When fish get caught in it, they pull the net with the fish out of the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/09.md b/isa/19/09.md index c5f9a36af4..f537a868d9 100644 --- a/isa/19/09.md +++ b/isa/19/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## flax ## +# The workers in combed flax and those who weave white cloth will turn pale. The cloth workers of Egypt will be crushed -a plant that grows along the Nile River and is used to make a strong cloth (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If necessary, the reason they will be distressed can be stated clearly. AT: "The linen makers of Egypt will be humiliated because there is no flax" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## will be disheartened ## +# The workers in combed flax -"will no longer have hope" \ No newline at end of file +"Those who work with combed flax" + +# combed flax + +Flax is a plant that grows along the Nile River. People comb its fibers in order to separate them, and use them to make thread for linen cloth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# will turn pale + +"will be ashamed" + +# The cloth workers of Egypt + +"The people of Egypt who make cloth" + +# will be crushed + +Being crushed represents being discouraged. AT: "will be discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# work for hire + +"work for pay" + +# will be grieved within themselves + +"will feel very sad" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/11.md b/isa/19/11.md index b5924ed36c..5d97796a66 100644 --- a/isa/19/11.md +++ b/isa/19/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Zoan ## +# The princes of Zoan are completely foolish. The advice of the wisest advisors of Pharaoh has become senseless + +These two phrases are similar in meaning. Either the princes of Zoan are also the wisest advisors or Pharaoh, or they are another group of people that also are shown to be foolish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Zoan This is a city in northern Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## How can you say to Pharaoh ## +# How can you say to Pharaoh ... kings? -Isaiah uses a question to mock those in Egypt who claim to be wise. AT: "You should not say to Pharaoh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Isaiah uses a question to mock those in Egypt who claim to be wise. AT: "You foolishly say to Pharaoh ... kings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Where then are your wise men? ## +# Where then are your wise men? -Isaiah uses a question to mock the wise men. The word "your" refers to Pharaoh. AT: "Call for your wise men, O Pharaoh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Isaiah uses a question to mock the wise men. The word "your" refers to Pharaoh. AT: "You do not have any wise men." or "Your wise men are fools." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Let them tell you and make known what Yahweh of Hosts plans concerning Egypt ## +# Let them tell you and make known what Yahweh of hosts plans concerning Egypt -Isaiah is implying that wise men should be able to understand God's plans, but Isaiah does not really believe they are wise. AT: "But they will not be able to make known to you what Yahweh of Hosts plans concerning Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) - -## Yahweh of Hosts ## - -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file +Isaiah is implying that wise men should be able to understand God's plans, but Isaiah does not really believe they are wise. AT: "If they were really wise, they would be able to tell you what Yahweh of hosts plans concerning Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/13.md b/isa/19/13.md index e7f60570ec..d1a0770b17 100644 --- a/isa/19/13.md +++ b/isa/19/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,47 @@ -## princes of Zoan ## +# they have made Egypt go astray, who are the cornerstones of her tribes -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 19:11](./11.md). +The princes of Zoan and Memphis are spoken of as if they are the cornerstones of buildings because they are an important part of the community. AT: "the leaders have made Egypt go astray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Memphis ## +# princes of Zoan + +Zoan is a city in northern Egypt. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 19:11](./11.md). + +# Memphis This is a city in the northern part of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## whether head or tail, palm branch or reed ## +# made Egypt go astray -See how you translated similar phrases in [Isaiah 9:13](../09/13.md). \ No newline at end of file +The word "Egypt" represents the people of Egypt. Going astray represents doing what is wrong. AT: "made the people of Egypt go astray" or "made the people of Egypt do what is wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh has mixed a spirit of distortion into her midst + +Isaiah speaks of Yahweh's judgment as if Egypt was a cup of wine. He speaks of Yahweh causing the leaders' thoughts to be distorted as if their distorted thoughts were a liquid that Yahweh mixed in with the wine. AT: "Yahweh has judged them by distorting their thoughts" or "Yahweh has judged Egypt by distorting its leaders' thoughts, as intoxicating drinks confuse people's thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# distortion + +"perverseness" or "confusion" + +# into her midst + +Here "her" refers to Egypt. Nations are sometimes spoken of as if they were women. AT: "within Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# they have led Egypt astray + +Here, "they" refers to the leaders described in the previous verses. The word "Egypt" represents the people of Egypt. AT: "the princes have led the people of Egypt astray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# have led Egypt astray + +Leading people astray represents influencing them to do what is wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like a drunk staggering in his vomit + +Isaiah speaks of the people of Egypt doing what is wrong as if they were made to wander about like a drunken person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# whether head or tail + +The "head," the part of an animal a person would want to be, represents the leader. The "tail" is the opposite and represents people who follow. AT: "whether leader or follower" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# palm branch or reed + +The "palm branch" grows high on the tree and represents people who are wealthy and important. The "reed" grows in shallow water and represents people who are poor and unimportant. See how you translated similar phrases in [Isaiah 9:14](../09/13.md). AT: "whether they are important or unimportant" or "whether rich or poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/16.md b/isa/19/16.md index 47ccdae9dc..c53a50025d 100644 --- a/isa/19/16.md +++ b/isa/19/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## Egyptians will be like women ## +# Egyptians will be like women This emphasizes that the people of Egypt will be afraid and helpless when God punishes them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## because of the upraised hand of Yahweh of Hosts that he raises over them ## +# because of the upraised hand of Yahweh of hosts that he raises over them -Here "hand" refers to God's power. AT: "because Yahweh of Hosts has raised his powerful hand to punish them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "hand" refers to God's power, and raising the hand against them represents punishing them. AT: "because Yahweh of hosts has raised his powerful hand to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# The land of Judah will become a cause of staggering to Egypt -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). +The "land of Judah" and "Egypt" refer to the people in those places. The Egyptians will stagger because they are afraid. AT: "The people of Judah will cause the Egyptians to stagger" or "The people of Judah will cause the Egyptians to be terribly afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## land of Judah...to Egypt ## +# Whenever anyone reminds them of her, they will be afraid -This refers to the people. AT: "the people of Judah...to the people of Egypt" - -## cause of staggering ## - -"cause of fear" - -## anyone reminds them of her ## - -"anyone reminds the Egyptians of the people of Judah.” \ No newline at end of file +Here, "them" and "they" refer to the Egyptians and "her" refers to the people of Judah. AT: "Whenever anyone reminds the Egyptians of the people of Judah, the Egyptians will be afraid" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/18.md b/isa/19/18.md index b976b80602..acbf7d606c 100644 --- a/isa/19/18.md +++ b/isa/19/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## there will be five cities in the land of Egypt that speak ## +# there will be five cities in the land of Egypt that speak -This refers to the people. AT: "all the people in 5 cities in the land of Egypt will speak" +This refers to the people of those cities. AT: "the people in five Egyptian cities will speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## swear allegiance ## +# the language of Canaan + +This refers to Hebrew, the language of the people of God living in the land of Canaan. Here Canaan represents the people who live there. AT: "the language of the people of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# swear allegiance "promise to be loyal" -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# One of these cities will be called -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). +This can be stated in active form. "People will call one of these cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## One of these cities will be called ## +# called The City of the Sun -"People will call one of these cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## The City of the Sun ## - -The meaning of this phrase is unclear. AT: "The City of Destruction" or "The City that destroys" or "The City of Righteousness" \ No newline at end of file +It is not clear whether the Hebrew word translated "Sun" here means "sun" or "destruction." Is is also not clear what the name tells us about the city. AT: "the city called 'Sun City'" or "the city called 'Destruction City'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/19.md b/isa/19/19.md index f5a20d62be..57ea0d794d 100644 --- a/isa/19/19.md +++ b/isa/19/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## It will be as a sign and a witness to Yahweh of Hosts ## +# a stone pillar at the border to Yahweh -The full meaning of "sign" and "witness" can be made explicit: “The alter and the pillar will show that the people of Egypt worship Yahweh of Hosts.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The phrase "the border" refers to the border of Egypt. AT: "a stone pillar to Yahweh at the border of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# It will be as a sign and a witness to Yahweh of hosts in the land of Egypt -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). +The abstract nouns "sign" and "witness" can be expressed with the verbs "show" and prove." AT: "The altar will show and prove that Yahweh of hosts is in the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## When they cry ## +# to Yahweh of hosts in the land of Egypt + +Yahweh being in the land of Egypt represents the people of Egypt worshiping him. AT: "that the people in the land of Egypt worship Yahweh of hosts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When they cry "When the Egyptians cry" -## because of oppressors ## +# because of oppressors -"because someone is treating them harshly" or "because others are causing them to suffer" +"because people are treating them harshly" or "because others are causing them to suffer" -## he will send them a savior and a defender ## +# he will send them a savior and a defender -"he will send someone to save and defend them" \ No newline at end of file +"Yahweh will send someone to save and defend the Egyptians" + +# he will deliver them + +Who Yahweh will deliver them from can be made explicit. AT: "Yahweh will deliver the Egyptians from their oppressors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/21.md b/isa/19/21.md index 5718cce8a6..18fd1a9d45 100644 --- a/isa/19/21.md +++ b/isa/19/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Yahweh will be known to Egypt, and the Egyptians will know Yahweh in that day ## +# Yahweh will become known to Egypt -Here "Egypt" refers to the people. AT: "There will be a day when Yahweh will make himself known to the people of Egypt, and the people will all know Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "Egypt" refers to the people of Egypt. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will make the people of Egypt know him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## will make vows to Yahweh and fulfill them ## +# will acknowledge Yahweh -“will make promises to Yahweh and keep them" +"will accept the truth about Yahweh" or "will agree to the truth about Yahweh" -## Yahweh will strike Egypt ## +# They will worship -"Yahweh will punish the people of Egypt" +The object of their worship can be made explicit. AT: "They will worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## striking and healing ## +# will make vows to Yahweh and fulfill them -This can be translated as a new sentence: "He will punish them and then heal them." \ No newline at end of file +"will make promises to Yahweh and keep them" or "they will make promises to Yahweh and they will do what they have promised to do" + +# Yahweh will afflict Egypt + +Here, "Egypt" refers to the people of Egypt. AT: "Yahweh will afflict the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# afflict + +"strike" or "punish" + +# afflicting and healing + +The word "them" is understood in this phrase. AT: "afflicting them and healing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# afflicting and healing + +How this phrase relates to the phrase before it can be made clear with the words "after" and "also." AT: "and after he afflicts them, he will also heal them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/23.md b/isa/19/23.md index 493c9734b1..8bbbbfccb6 100644 --- a/isa/19/23.md +++ b/isa/19/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## there will be a highway ## +# there will be a highway -"there will be a large road" +A highway is a large road on which many people can travel. -## and the Assyrian ## +# the Assyrian will come -This refers to people from Assyria. AT: "and the Assyrian people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"the Assyrian" refers to a person from Assyria, but represents anyone from Assyria who comes to Egypt. AT: "Assyrians will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## and the Egyptian to Assyria ## +# the Egyptian to Assyria -The words "will come" are understood: "and the Egyptian people will come to Assyria." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "will come" are understood. AT: "the Egyptian will come to Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the Egyptian + +This refers to a person from Egypt, but represents anyone from Egypt who comes to Assyria. AT: "Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# the Egyptians will worship with the Assyrians + +The object of their worship can be made explicit. AT: "the Egyptians and Assyrians will worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/24.md b/isa/19/24.md index 8783a8b082..542c8e8474 100644 --- a/isa/19/24.md +++ b/isa/19/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Israel will be the third with Egypt and Assyria ## +# Israel will be the third with Egypt and Assyria -This refers to the people from each nation: “The people of Israel will join with the Egyptians and Assyrians.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The names of the three nations represent the people of those nations. AT: "the Israelites will be the third with the Egyptians and Assyrians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# be the third with -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). +Possible meanings are 1) "join together with" or 2) "be the third blessing with" or 3) "be equal to." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Blessed be Egypt, my people ## +# Blessed be Egypt, my people; Assyria, the work of my hands; and Israel, my inheritance -The full meaning can be made explicit: "You are blessed, people of Egypt, because you are my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The names of the three nations refer to the people of those nations. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have blessed you, people of Egypt, because you are my people; and I have blessed you, people of Assyria, because I created you; and I have blessed you, people of Israel, because I securely possess you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Assyria, the work of my hands ## +# the work of my hands -"You are blessed, people of Assyria, because I created you" - -## and Israel, my inheritance ## - -"and you are blessed, people of Israel, because I securely possess you" \ No newline at end of file +Here "hands" refers to God's power and action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/19/intro.md b/isa/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..92a27e3d59 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Isaiah 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 19:1-18, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Egypt ##### + +This chapter prophesied destruction against the nation of Egypt. Their destruction will come from internal division instead of being conquered by another nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Imagery ##### + +Some of the imagery used in this chapter may be connected to the worship of specific false gods. One important god the people of Canaan worshiped was Baal, the god of rain or storms. One of the important gods the Egyptians worshiped was Ra, the god of the sun. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "In that day" ##### +This changes the reference from the time when Assyria comes to dominate the world and looks to a more distant future day. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/20/01.md b/isa/20/01.md index cfd0919b09..561f7c11f7 100644 --- a/isa/20/01.md +++ b/isa/20/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Tartan ## +# Tartan -The name of the chief commander of the armies of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +the name of the chief commander of the armies of Assyria (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Sargon ## +# Sargon -The name of the king of Assyria. +the name of the king of Assyria -## he fought against Ashdod and took it ## +# he fought against Ashdod and took it -AT: "he fought against the army of Ashdod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Ashdod refers to the army of Ashdod. AT: "he fought against the army of Ashdod and defeated it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## son of Amoz ## +# walking naked and barefoot -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:1](../01/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +"walking around without clothes and without sandals." Here the word "naked" probably refers to wearing only his undergarments. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/20/03.md b/isa/20/03.md index f5036bc48c..5d301f8be9 100644 --- a/isa/20/03.md +++ b/isa/20/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## and an omen ## +# an omen -AT: "and a warning" +"a warning" -## concerning Egypt and concerning Ethiopia ## +# concerning Egypt and concerning Cush -AT: "concerning the people of Egypt and concerning the people of Ethiopia." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The place names refer to their people. AT: "concerning the people of Egypt and the people of Cush" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in this way the king of Assyria will lead away the captives of Egypt ## +# the king of Assyria will lead away the captives -AT: "this is how the armies of the king of Assyria will invade, capture and take prisoners from these countries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The king orders his army to do this task. AT: "the king of Assyria will have his army lead away the captives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the king of Assyria will lead ## +# will lead away the captives of Egypt, and the exiles of Cush -AT: "the king of Assyria and his army will lead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +It can be stated clearly that they will first attack and capture people. AT: "will attack Egypt and Cush and capture their people and lead them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to the shame of Egypt ## +# to the shame of Egypt -AT: "which will bring shame on the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Egypt refers to the people of Egypt. AT: "which will bring shame on the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/20/05.md b/isa/20/05.md index 6f759a2170..e378e4a663 100644 --- a/isa/20/05.md +++ b/isa/20/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## dismayed and ashamed ## +# dismayed and ashamed -AT: “afraid and put to shame” +"afraid and put to shame" -## because of Ethiopia their hope and of Egypt their glory ## +# because of Cush their hope and of Egypt their glory -AT: “because they had trusted in the power of the armies of Ethiopia and Egypt” (See UDB) +Hope and glory refer to their trust in the military power of these countries. AT: "because they had trusted in the power of the armies of Cush and Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## The inhabitants of these coasts ## +# The inhabitants of these coasts the people who lived in the lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea -## where we fled for help to be delivered ## +# where we fled for help to be rescued -"we fled to them so they could save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where we fled to so they would rescue us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and now, how can we escape? ## +# now, how can we escape? -AT: "Now there is no escape." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The author uses this question to emphasize how hopeless their situation was. AT: "now there is no way for us to escape!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/20/intro.md b/isa/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..be8e856d3b --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Isaiah 20 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Naked and barefoot ##### +This is an image used in this chapter to describe Assyria's victory over Egypt and Ethiopia. While they will be defeated, they will not be totally destroyed. Instead, they will be left with nothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/01.md b/isa/21/01.md index b857305ec2..f9219d4211 100644 --- a/isa/21/01.md +++ b/isa/21/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,47 @@ -## about the desert by the sea ## +# A declaration -This refers to the people who live in Babylon as being a desert though God has not made it into a desert yet. This event will certainly happen. AT: "about the people who live in a land that soon will be a desert." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"This is what Yahweh declares" or "This is Yahweh's message" -## Like stormwinds from the Negev it comes passing through ## +# about the desert by the sea + +This refers to the people who live in Babylon as being a desert, even though God has not made it into a desert yet. This event will certainly happen. AT: "about the people who live in a land that soon will be a desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# Like stormwinds sweeping through the Negev Isaiah compares the army that will attack the people to a storm with strong winds. They will be quick and powerful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## from a terrible land ## +# from the wilderness + +Here "wilderness" refers to the wilderness of Judea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from a terrible land The army is from a people that cause great fear. -## A distressing vision has been given to me ## +# A distressing vision has been given to me -AT: "Yahweh showed me a troubling vision." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh showed me a troubling vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the treacherous man deals treacherously ## +# the treacherous man deals treacherously "those who deceive will deceive" -## and the destroyer destroys ## +# the destroyer destroys -"those who destroy will destroy" \ No newline at end of file +"those who destroy will destroy" + +# Go up and attack, Elam; besiege, Media + +In the vision given to Isaiah, Yahweh speaks to the armies of Elam and Media as if they are there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# Go up and attack, Elam; besiege, Media + +It is understood that they are to attack the Babylonians. AT: "Go up and attack the Babylonians, you soldiers of Elam; go and besiege the Babylonians, you soldiers of Media" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Elam ... Media + +Here "Elam" and "Media" represent the soldiers from these places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will stop all her groaning + +Here "her" represents all the people who are suffering because of the Babylonians. Yahweh will cause them to stop groaning when he sends the armies of Elam and Media to destroy the Babylonians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/03.md b/isa/21/03.md index ee3e85287f..f822d24b1d 100644 --- a/isa/21/03.md +++ b/isa/21/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## I am bowed down by what I heard ## +# my loins are filled with pain -"My body is bent over in shock over what I heard" +The vision that Isaiah sees is so troubling it causes him physical pain. Here he describes the pain and cramping in the middle part of his body. -## My heart pounds; shuddering overcomes me ## +# pains like the pains of a woman in labor have taken hold of me -"My heart beats fast and I am shaking" +Isaiah compares his pain to the pain of a woman giving birth. This emphasizes the great pain he is feeling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## the night that I desired has been turned into trembling for me ## +# I am bowed down by what I heard -"I desired for it to be night, but the vision has made it terrifying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "What I heard has caused me to bend over in pain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I am disturbed by what I saw + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what I saw has greatly troubled me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# My heart pounds, I shake with fear + +"My heart beats fast and I am shaking" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/05.md b/isa/21/05.md index f38f5f29ae..a7bd200d17 100644 --- a/isa/21/05.md +++ b/isa/21/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## anoint your shields with oil ## +# They prepare -Soldiers would put oil on their leather shields so they would stay soft and not crack during battle. \ No newline at end of file +Here "They" refers to the leaders of Babylon. + +# prepare the table + +Here "table" represents the food that people will eat at the feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# arise, princes + +Here "princes" refers in general to men with authority and not necessarily to sons of kings. + +# anoint your shields with oil + +Soldiers would put oil on their leather shields so they would stay soft and not crack during battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/06.md b/isa/21/06.md index de78a35076..98c45c77a0 100644 --- a/isa/21/06.md +++ b/isa/21/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## a watchman ## +# post a watchman -"a lookout" or "a guard" \ No newline at end of file +"tell a watchman to stand on the wall of Jerusalem" + +# a chariot, a pair of horsemen + +"a soldier riding in a chariot, a pair of horses pulling it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/08.md b/isa/21/08.md index 3d509db277..325b14ce56 100644 --- a/isa/21/08.md +++ b/isa/21/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## The watcher ## +# Lord, on the watchtower I stand -"the lookout" or "the guard" +Here "Lord" refers to the person with authority that commanded the watchman to stand on the wall of Jerusalem. -## Babylon has fallen, fallen ## +# Babylon has fallen, fallen -The word "fallen" is repeated for emphasis. AT: "Babylon is completely destroyed" \ No newline at end of file +Babylon being completely defeated by their enemies is spoken of as if Babylon has fallen. Here "Babylon" is a metonym that represents the people of Babylon. AT: "The people of Babylon are completely defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fallen, fallen + +The word "fallen" is repeated to emphasize that the people of Babylon were completely defeated by their enemies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/10.md b/isa/21/10.md index d3200e81df..d9fc363b90 100644 --- a/isa/21/10.md +++ b/isa/21/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## My threshed and winnowed ones, children of my threshing floor ## +# My threshed and winnowed ones, children of my threshing floor -The word "my" refers to Isaiah. This comparison emphasizes the suffering of the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The people of Israel suffering because of the Babylonians is spoken of as if the people were grain that was threshed and winnowed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# My threshed + +The word "my" refers to Isaiah. + +# Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/11.md b/isa/21/11.md index e1234d9faf..1c2f8b2121 100644 --- a/isa/21/11.md +++ b/isa/21/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## A declaration ## +# A declaration "This is what Yahweh declares" or "This is a message from Yahweh" -## about Dumah ## +# about Dumah -This is another name for Edom. AT: "about the people of Dumah" or "about the people of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is another name for Edom. Here "Dumah" represents the people who live there. AT: "about the people of Dumah" or "about the people of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## one calls to me ## +# One calls to me Here "me" refers to Isaiah. -## Watchman, what is left of the night? Watchman, what is left of the night? ## +# Seir -This is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This is the name of mountains west of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Watchman ## +# Watchman, what is left of the night? Watchman, what is left of the night? -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 21:6](./06.md). +This is repeated to emphasize that the person asking the question is worried and nervous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## if you will ask, ask, and then come back again ## +# If you want to ask, then ask; and come back again -"if you want to ask, then come back later and ask" \ No newline at end of file +"Ask me now what you want to know, but also come back later and ask again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/13.md b/isa/21/13.md index 7d1953307a..6565729b0e 100644 --- a/isa/21/13.md +++ b/isa/21/13.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## A declaration ## +# A declaration "This is what Yahweh declares" or "This is the message of Yahweh" -## about Arabia ## +# about Arabia -AT: "the people of Arabia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Arabia refers to the population of Arabia. AT: "about the people of Arabia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## In the wilderness ## +# In the wilderness of Arabia -Arabia does not have a forest. AT: "Far off from the road" or "Out in the bushes" +Arabia does not have a forest. AT: "Far off from the road in Arabia" or "Out in the bushes of Arabia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## caravans ## +# caravans a group of people traveling together -## Dedanites ## +# Dedanites This is a people group that lived in Arabia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## land of Tema ## +# land of Tema -This is the name of a city in Arabia. +This is the name of a city in Arabia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## fugitives ## +# fugitives -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 15:5](../15/05.md). +A fugitive is a person who runs away so that his enemy will not capture him. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 15:5](../15/05.md). -## For they have fled from the sword, from the drawn sword, from the bent bow, and from the weight of war ## +# with bread -"For they are fleeing from the war and from those who want to kill them" \ No newline at end of file +Here "bread" represents food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# from the sword, from the drawn sword, from the bent bow + +Here "sword" and "bow" represents the soldiers who attack the inhabitants of Tema. AT: "from their enemies who attack them with swords and bows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the weight of war + +The terror and suffering that is experienced during war is spoken of as if war were a heavy weight on people. AT: "from the horrors of war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/16.md b/isa/21/16.md index 3f6463ac3f..23bfb0059f 100644 --- a/isa/21/16.md +++ b/isa/21/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## as a laborer hired for a year would see it ## +# as a laborer hired for a year would see it -"as a hired laborer would count the days" +"as a hired laborer would count the days of a year." A hired worker is careful to count the days so that he works exactly the amount of time he is paid to work. This means Kedar will be defeated in exactly one year. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## of Kedar ## +# of Kedar -AT: "of the people of Kedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a region in Arabia. Kedar represents the population of Kedar. AT: "of the people of Kedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/21/intro.md b/isa/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d6ab7f8474 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Isaiah 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 21:1-10, 13-17, which are quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Cush ##### +Dumah and Seir are places in Edom. Part of this chapter is a prophecy against Cush. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The desert by the sea ##### +This is a metaphor for an unknown nation. Scholars are divided over the proper identity of this nation, but it is probably Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Mystery ##### +The fulfillment of this chapter is very mysterious. It is unknown who is truly being addressed and how this is to be fulfilled in history. The translator should not attempt to give the reader insight into this prophecy's fulfillment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/01.md b/isa/22/01.md index 873e844d7c..85a5bd09f6 100644 --- a/isa/22/01.md +++ b/isa/22/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## A declaration ## +# A declaration "This is what Yahweh declares" or "This is Yahweh's message" -## about the valley of vision ## +# about the Valley of Vision -AT: "about those who live in the valley of vision" or "about those who live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Valley" refers to those who live in the valley, that is, Jerusalem. AT: "about those who live in the Valley of Vision" or "about those who live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## What is the reason that you all have gone up to the housetops? ## +# What is the reason that you have all gone up to the housetops? Isaiah uses a question to scold the people of Judah. AT: "You should not go and stand on the tops of your houses." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## a town full of revelry ## +# a town full of revelry "a town full of people celebrating" -## your dead were not killed with the sword ## +# Your dead were not killed with the sword -AT: "enemy soldiers did not kill your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Enemy soldiers did not kill your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with the sword + +Here "sword" represents the soldiers who fight in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/03.md b/isa/22/03.md index 7eaa0d54df..5ca114f182 100644 --- a/isa/22/03.md +++ b/isa/22/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## but they were caught without a bow ## +# but they were captured without using a bow -AT: "but the enemy caught your rulers who were not even carrying a bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but the enemy captured your rulers who were not even carrying a bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## all of them were caught and captured together ## +# all of them were captured together -AT: "the enemy caught and captured all of them together" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the enemy captured all of them together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Therefore I said ## +# Therefore I said -Here "I" refers to Isaiah. \ No newline at end of file +Here "I" refers to Isaiah. + +# of the daughter of my people + +Here "daughter" represents the people and may imply Isaiah's feeling of love for them. AT: "of my people whom I love" or "of my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/05.md b/isa/22/05.md index 80289e58cc..93f7f22454 100644 --- a/isa/22/05.md +++ b/isa/22/05.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## For there is a day ## +# For there is a day -"For there will be a day" +"For there will be a time" -## for the Lord ## +# of tumult, treading down, and confusion for the Lord Yahweh of hosts -"from the Lord" +"when the Lord Yahweh of hosts will cause panic, treading down, and confusion" -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# treading down -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to soldiers marching or 2) people in general are running in panic and not sure where to go. -## in the valley of vision ## +# in the Valley of Vision -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 22:1](./01.md). +This refers to Jerusalem. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 22:1](./01.md). -## Elam takes up the quiver ## +# people crying out to the mountains -AT: "the soldiers of Elam take their bows and arrows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "people in the mountains will hear their cries" or 2) "the people's cries will echo off the mountains" -## Kir lays the shield bare ## +# Elam takes up the quiver -AT: "the soldiers of Kir prepare their shields." Kir is a city in Media. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The quiver is a bag to carry arrows and represents the archer's weapons. AT: "The soldiers of Elam take their bows and arrows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your choicest valleys ## +# Kir lays the shield bare -Here "your" refers to the people of Jerusalem. Isaiah does include himself as one of the people of Jerusalem. AT: "our best valleys." \ No newline at end of file +Here "Kir" represents the soldiers. AT: "the soldiers of Kir will take their shields out of their covers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Kir + +Kir is a city in Media. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# your choicest valleys + +Here "your" refers to the people of Jerusalem. Isaiah does include himself as one of the people of Jerusalem. AT: "our best valleys" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/08.md b/isa/22/08.md index b566e99a88..22f969dac9 100644 --- a/isa/22/08.md +++ b/isa/22/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when an army will attack the people of Jerusalem. (See: [Isaiah 22:5](./05.md). +# General Information: -## He took away the protection of Judah ## +Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when an army will attack the people of Jerusalem. Past tense verbs can be translated with future tense verbs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -“Yahweh will take away everything that has protected the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# He took away the protection of Judah -## Palace of the Forest ## +The abstract noun "protection" can be stated as a verb. AT: "Yahweh will take away everything that has protected the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -This was a part of the temple in Jerusalem where they stored their weapons. \ No newline at end of file +# you looked in that day to the weapons + +Here the phrase "to look to" means to trust in something. AT: "to defend yourselves you will get the weapons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Palace of the Forest + +This was a part of the temple in Jerusalem where they stored their weapons. + +# you collected the water of the lower pool + +The people will store water so that they will have enough to drink while their enemies surround the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/10.md b/isa/22/10.md index cde8298603..4ca41de9b7 100644 --- a/isa/22/10.md +++ b/isa/22/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when an army will attack the people of Jerusalem. (See: [Isaiah 22:5](./05.md). +# General Information: -## You made a reservoir ## +Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when an army will attack the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -"You made a storage place" \ No newline at end of file +# You counted the houses + +Here "counted" means they inspected the houses to find material to help them rebuild the city wall. + +# You made a reservoir + +"You made a storage place" + +# between the two walls + +It is unclear what two walls Isaiah meant. The main point is that they built the reservoir within the city walls. + +# the city's maker + +This refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/12.md b/isa/22/12.md index b414dad6a3..2468df7eb4 100644 --- a/isa/22/12.md +++ b/isa/22/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## for shaved heads ## +# for shaved heads -This was a sign of mourning and repenting. +This was a sign of mourning and repenting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## This was revealed in my ears by Yahweh of Hosts ## +# let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we will die -AT: “Yahweh of Hosts revealed this to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "eat and drink" represents having a party and over indulging in food and wine. AT: "we may as well have fun now by eating and drinking all we want, for we will die soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Surely this iniquity will not be forgiven you, even when you die ## +# This was revealed in my ears by Yahweh of hosts -AT: "Surely I will not forgive you for these sinful things you have done" \ No newline at end of file +Here "ears" represents Isaiah as a whole. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh of hosts revealed this to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Surely this iniquity will not be forgiven you, even when you die + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Surely I will not forgive you for these sinful things you have done, even when you die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# even when you die + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will never forgive them, even after they die or 2) Yahweh will not forgive them until they die. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/15.md b/isa/22/15.md index 6449830120..ffe3d2549e 100644 --- a/isa/22/15.md +++ b/isa/22/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Yahweh of Hosts ## - -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). - -## Shebna ## +# Shebna This is the name of the manager of the king's palace in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## What do you have here, and who are you, that you have hewn out a grave ## +# who is over the house -Yahweh uses this question to scold Shebna. AT: "You have no right to make for yourself a grave here!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "house" represents those in the king's palace. AT: "who is in charge of all those who work in the palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What are you doing here and who gave you permission ... in the rock? + +Yahweh uses this question to scold Shebna. AT: "You have no right ... in the rock!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# cut out a tomb ... hewing out a grave ... carving out a resting place + +These three phrases all refer to making a burial tomb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# on the heights + +The most important people in Israel had tombs in the highest places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/17.md b/isa/22/17.md index 26dab73088..2fb7f264fb 100644 --- a/isa/22/17.md +++ b/isa/22/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues to speak God's message to Shebna. -## He will surely wind you round and round, and toss you like a ball into a vast country ## +# He will surely wind you round and round, and toss you like a ball into a vast country -This compares the enemy army taking Shebna as captive to a foreign land to God throwing him like a ball. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The enemy soldiers coming and taking Shebna as a captive to a foreign land is spoken of as if Yahweh were throwing him like a ball into another land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You will be pulled down ## +# you will be the shame of your master's house -AT: “I will bring you down from your honored position” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "house" represents the people who work in the king's palace. AT: "you will cause shame for all those in your master's palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will thrust you from your office and from your station. You will be pulled down + +Yahweh causing Shebna to no longer work in the king's palace is spoken of as if Yahweh will throw him to the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You will be pulled down + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will bring you down from your honored position" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/20.md b/isa/22/20.md index 6503f08476..8b6ed8bc0e 100644 --- a/isa/22/20.md +++ b/isa/22/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues to speak God's message to Shebna. -## Eliakim ... Hilkiah ## +# It will come about on that day + +"It will happen at that time" + +# Eliakim ... Hilkiah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## sash ## +# I will clothe him with your tunic and put on him your sash -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 3:18](../03/18.md). +Yahweh causing Eliakim to take Shebna's place in the king's palace is spoken of as if Yahweh will dress Eliakim in Shebna's clothes that represent his authority in the king's palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## into his hand ## +# your tunic ... your sash -AT: "to him" +Here the tunic and sash represent authority in the king's palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He will be a father ## +# sash -This emphasizes that Eliakim will care for and protect the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a piece of cloth that people wear around the waist or across the chest. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 3:20](../03/18.md). -## I will place the key of the house of David on his shoulder ## +# into his hand -Here "key" refers to authority. AT: "I will put him in charge of the king's palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He will be a father + +Eliakim caring for and protecting the people of Judah is spoken of as if he would be their father. AT: "He will be like a father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to the house of Judah + +Here "house" represents the people. AT: "to the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will place the key of the house of David on his shoulder ... none will open + +Here "key" represents authority. This speaks of Eliakim having authority that no one can oppose as if he had the key to the palace and no one else could lock or unlock the door. AT: "I will put him in charge of those who work in the king's palace, and when he makes a decision no one will be able to oppose him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/23.md b/isa/22/23.md index 5cc049c6dc..8531e28c9d 100644 --- a/isa/22/23.md +++ b/isa/22/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues to describe Eliakim who will replace Shebna in the king's palace. +# General Information: -## I will fasten him like a nail in a secure place ## +Yahweh continues to describe Eliakim, who will replace Shebna in the king's palace. -This emphasizes the Eliakim's authority will be strong and secure in the king's palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# I will fasten him, a peg in a secure place -## he will become a throne of glory to his father’s house ## +Yahweh causing Eliakim's authority to be strong and secure in the king's palace is spoken of as if Eliakim were a peg and Yahweh will set him firmly in the palace wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Here "throne of glory" refers to a place of honor. AT: "Eliakim will bring honor to his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# he will become a seat of glory for his father's house -## They will hang upon him all the glory of his father’s house ## +Here "seat of glory" represents a place of honor. AT: "Eliakim will bring honor to his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "They will give honor to his whole family because of him" +# his father's house -## every small vessel from the cups to all the jugs ## +Here "house" represents family. AT: "his father's family" or "his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This continues to compare Eliakim to a nail. His offspring will be like cups that hang on the nail. This emphasizes that people will honor his descendants because of Eliakim. \ No newline at end of file +# They will hang on him all the glory of his father's house + +Yahweh causing Eliakim's whole family to be honored because of Eliakim is spoken of as if Eliakim were a peg in the wall and his family were something that hangs on the peg. AT: "They will give honor to his whole family because of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# every small container from the cups to all the jugs + +This continues to speak of Eliakim as a peg. His offspring will be like cups that hang on the peg. This means his descendants will be honored because of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the cups to all the jugs + +A cup is a small container that holds water. A jug is a larger container that holds water. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/25.md b/isa/22/25.md index b1cc39b79d..2875fa6b05 100644 --- a/isa/22/25.md +++ b/isa/22/25.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -24]]) +# General Information: -## declaration of Yahweh of hosts ## +This continues the imagery from the previous verses. (See: [Isaiah 22:23-24](./23.md)) -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:21](../14/21.md). +# On that day -## the peg driven in a firm place...will be cut off ## +"At that time" -This compares Shebna to a peg. This emphasizes that Shebna thought his authority was secure but God will remove him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 14:22](../14/21.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the peg driven in a firm place ... will be cut off + +Yahweh causing Shebna to lose his authority in the king's palace is spoken of as if Shebna were a peg in the wall that breaks off and falls to the ground. This emphasizes that Shebna thought his authority was secure but God will remove him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the weight that was on it will be cut off + +Here "weight" represents Shebna's power and authority. It is spoken of as if it were an object hanging on the peg that represents Shebna. Yahweh causing Shebna to lose his power and authority is spoken of as if someone were to cut off the object that was hanging on the peg. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/22/intro.md b/isa/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..17b8fbd94d --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Repentance ##### +On this day of judgment, Judah should be repenting of their sin. Instead, they are celebrating it. Although Judah avoids Yahweh's punishment through the Assyrians, their punishment will still come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Valley of Visions" ##### +This is a metaphor used in this prophecy against the nation of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/01.md b/isa/23/01.md index 20bf6f88e6..cb09d03e49 100644 --- a/isa/23/01.md +++ b/isa/23/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,51 @@ -23:18. +# General Information: -## Howl, you ships of Tarshish ## +Isaiah continues to tell what God has judged against the nations in 13:1-23:18. -See how you translated "ships of Tarshish" in [Isaiah 2:14](../02/14.md). Isaiah speaks to the men on the ships of Tarshish as if they could hear him. AT: "Cry out in despair you men on the ships of Tarshish." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +# A declaration about Tyre -## from the land of Kittim it has been revealed to them ## +"This is what Yahweh declares about Tyre" -Kittum is another name for Cyprus. It is an island in the Mediterranean Sea. AT: "The men heard about Tyre when they were in the land of Kittim" or "The men heard about Tyre when they were in Cyprus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Howl, you ships of Tarshish -## Be astounded, you inhabitants of the coast, you merchants of Sidon ## +Here "ships" represents the men on the ships. Isaiah speaks to the men on the ships of Tarshish as if they could hear him. AT: "Cry out in despair you men on the ships of Tarshish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -“Be shocked you people of the coast, you sellers from Sidon.” The "coast" is the land near or around the sea or ocean. +# harbor -## who travel over the sea, whose agents supply you ## +an area of the sea that is near land and safe for ships -AT: "whose men travel on the sea and supply you with goods to sell." +# from the land of Cyprus it has been revealed to them -## And on great waters the grain of the Shihor region, the harvest of the Nile, was brought to Tyre ## +This phrase can be stated in active form. AT: "the men heard about Tyre when they were in the land of Cyprus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Shihor and the Nile refer to the land of Egypt. AT: "The men traveled on the great waters to bring to Tyre the grain and the harvest from Egypt. \ No newline at end of file +# Be silent, you inhabitants of the coast + +Isaiah speaks to the people who live on the coast as if they could hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# Be silent + +This is an idiom. Here silence is meant to signal shock and amazement. AT: "Be shocked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# of the coast + +The "coast" is the land near or around the sea or ocean. Here it refers to the people who live in Phoenicia which borders the Mediterranean sea. + +# the merchant of Sidon, who travels over the sea, has filled you + +Here "merchant" means "many merchants." AT: "the merchants of Sidon, who travel over the sea, have made you rich" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# Upon the great waters was the grain of Shihor + +Shihor was the name of a valley near the Nile River in Egypt known for its production of grain. AT: "The men traveled on the large sea to transport the grain from Shihor in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the harvest of the Nile was her produce + +The "harvest of the Nile" refers to the grain that was harvested near the Nile River and transported on the river and then to Phoenicia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) + +# her produce + +"its produce." It was common to refer to the river as "her." + +# it became the commerce of the nations + +Commerce is the activity of buying and selling goods. Here "nations" represents the people. AT: "you were where people from other nations came to buy and sell goods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/04.md b/isa/23/04.md index a9124496a9..4fb1b09f6b 100644 --- a/isa/23/04.md +++ b/isa/23/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## for the sea has spoken, the mighty one of the sea ## +# for the sea has spoken, the mighty one of the sea ... nor brought up young women -Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh describes the city of Tyre as a mother who speaks about the people who live in the city as her children, or 2) Yahweh is describing the Mediterranean sea as speaking. The sea is considered the father of the people who live in the coastal city of Tyre. In either meaning the speaker mourns because its children are destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh describes the city of Tyre as a mother who speaks about the people who live in the city as her children, or 2) Yahweh is describing the Mediterranean Sea as speaking. The people of Tyre considered the sea their god and father. In either meaning the speaker mourns because its children are destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/06.md b/isa/23/06.md index 308a8ac4fc..d1d8408a4b 100644 --- a/isa/23/06.md +++ b/isa/23/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Cross over to Tarshish ## +# Cross over to Tarshish "Make your way to Tarshish." Tarshish was the farthest land the people of Tyre traveled to do business. It will be the only place of safety for those who escape from Tyre. -## Has this happened to you, the joyful city, whose origin is from ancient times ## +# Has this happened to you, the joyful city, whose origin is from ancient times ... to settle? -Yahweh uses a question to mock Tyre. AT: "This has indeed happened to you who were full of joy in the ancient city of Tyre." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to mock Tyre. This rhetorical questions can be translated as a statement. AT: "This has indeed happened to you who were full of joy in the ancient city of Tyre ... to settle." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## whose feet carried her far away to foreign places to settle ## +# the joyful city -"who went to distant places to live and make money." \ No newline at end of file +Here "city" represents the people. AT: "the joyful people who live in the city of Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whose feet carried her far away to foreign places to settle + +Here "feet" represents the whole person. AT: "who went to distant places to live and make money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# her far away + +Here "her" refers to the city of Tyre which represents the people of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/08.md b/isa/23/08.md index 0fe698e95e..a7f1e4ed17 100644 --- a/isa/23/08.md +++ b/isa/23/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Who has planned this against Tyre ## +# Who has planned this against Tyre ... of the earth? -Isaiah uses a question to mock Tyre. The word "this" refers to God's plans to destroy Tyre which Isaiah described in 23:1-7. Also, "Tyre" refers to the people who live in Tyre. AT: "Someone has planned to destroy the people of Tyre." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Isaiah uses a question to mock Tyre. The word "this" refers to God's plans to destroy Tyre which Isaiah described in 23:1-7. Also, "Tyre" refers to the people who live in Tyre. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "It was Yahweh who has planned to destroy the people of Tyre ... of the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the giver of crowns ## +# the giver of crowns -Here "crown" refers to the power a person has as a ruler over people. AT: “who gives people power to rule over others" +Here "crown" refers to the power a person has as a ruler over people. AT: "who gives people power to rule over others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## whose merchants are princes ## +# whose merchants are princes -The merchants are compared to princes to emphasize how much power they had when they went to different lands. AT: "whose merchants are like kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The merchants are compared to princes to emphasize how much power they had when they went to different lands. AT: "whose merchants are like princes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## whose traders are the honored ones of the earth ## +# whose traders are the honored ones of the earth -"whose traders the people of the earth give the highest honors" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whose traders the people of the earth give the highest honors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to dishonor her pride and all her glory + +"to dishonor them because they were proud of their own glory" + +# her pride ... her glory ... her honored ones + +Here "her" refers to the city of Tyre which represents the people who live there. AT: "their pride ... their glory ... their honored one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/10.md b/isa/23/10.md index 8aaa7cdf10..0cca321880 100644 --- a/isa/23/10.md +++ b/isa/23/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Plow your land, as one plows the Nile, O daughter of Tarshish. There is no longer a marketplace in Tyre ## +# Plow your land, as one plows the Nile, daughter of Tarshish. There is no longer a marketplace in Tyre -Possible meanings are 1) Isaiah is telling the people of Tarshish to start planting crops since they can no longer trade with Tyre, or 2) Isaiah is telling the people of Tarshish they are free from Tyre's control. AT: "Pass through your land like a river, O daughter of Tarshish. The people of Tyre no longer have any power." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Isaiah is telling the people of Tarshish to start planting crops since they can no longer trade with Tyre or 2) Isaiah is telling the people of Tarshish they are free from Tyre's control. AT: "Pass through your land like a river, daughter of Tarshish. The people of Tyre no longer have any power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## O daughter of Tarshish ## +# daughter of Tarshish -The ”daughter” of a city means the people of the city. AT: "the people of Tarshish” or ”the people who live in Tarshish." +The "daughter" of a city represents the people of the city. AT: "the people of Tarshish" or "the people who live in Tarshish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## has stretched out his hand over the sea ## +# Yahweh has reached out with his hand over the sea, and he has shaken the kingdoms -"has shown his power over the people who live near the sea" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh using his power to control the sea and the people of mighty kingdoms is spoken of as if Yahweh reached out his hand and shook kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# has reached out with his hand over the sea + +Here "hand" refers to God's power and control. AT: "has shown his power over the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# oppressed virgin daughter of Sidon + +Here "virgin daughter" represents the people of Sidon. AT: "people of Sidon, because other people will oppress you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/13.md b/isa/23/13.md index c44622a883..0c221d0f30 100644 --- a/isa/23/13.md +++ b/isa/23/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## See the land of the Chaldeans ## +# See the land of the Chaldeans -AT: "See what has happened to Babylonia" +"Chaldeans" is another name for Babylonians. AT: "See what happened to the land of the Babylonians" or "See what has happened to Babylonia" -## siege towers ## +# siege towers Soldiers built towers or dirt ramps to attack over the walls of a city. -## Howl, you ships of Tarshish ## +# Howl, you ships of Tarshish -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 23:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "ships" represents the men on the ships. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 23:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for your refuge has been destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for enemies have destroyed your refuge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/15.md b/isa/23/15.md index 5eeab93bb1..c4169f6ce0 100644 --- a/isa/23/15.md +++ b/isa/23/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## for seventy years ## +# In that day + +"At that time" or "Then" + +# Tyre will be forgotten for seventy years + +Since people will no longer go to Tyre to buy or sell goods, it will be like they have forgotten about the city. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for seventy years it will be like the people have forgotten about Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for seventy years "for 70 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## like in the song of the prostitute ## +# like the days of a king -This compares the people of Tyre to a prostitute. Just as a prostitute who is no longer popular may sing in the streets to regain her former lovers, so Tyre will seek to regain her former position of power and wealth with other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"like the years of a king" or "which is about as long as a king lives" + +# like in the song of the prostitute ... so that you may be remembered + +This speaks about the people of Tyre as if they were a prostitute. Just as a prostitute who is no longer popular may sing in the streets to regain her former lovers, the people of Tyre will try to get people from other nations to return to them to continue trading so that the people of Tyre will be rich and powerful again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that you may be remembered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that people remember you" or "so that people return to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/17.md b/isa/23/17.md index 85a4d91ac3..ec3692fcb7 100644 --- a/isa/23/17.md +++ b/isa/23/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## It will come about that ## +# It will come about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event that will happen. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Yahweh will help Tyre ## +# seventy years -Here "Tyre" refers to the people who live in Tyre. AT: "Yahweh will help the people of Tyre." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"70 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## She will prostitute herself with all the kingdoms on the surface of the earth ## +# Yahweh will help Tyre -Isaiah compares the people of Tyra with a prostitute. Just as the prostitute sells herself for money to any man, the people of Tyre will again buy and sell to all kingdoms. AT: "And like a prostitute they will buy and sell will all the kingdoms of the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "Tyre" represents the people who live in Tyre. AT: "Yahweh will help the people of Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They will not be stored up or laid up ## +# she will start making money again by doing the work of a prostitute ... of the earth -AT: "The merchants will not store away their money." +Isaiah compares the people of Tyre with a prostitute. Just as the prostitute sells herself for money to any man, the people of Tyre will again buy and sell to all kingdoms. AT: "And like a prostitute they will buy and sell will all the kingdoms of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Those who live in Yahweh's presence ## +# They will not be stored up or kept -"Those who obey and serve Yahweh" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The merchants will not store away their money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for them to eat and to have lasting clothing ## +# those who live in Yahweh's presence -"for them to have enough food to eat and clothing that will last a long time" \ No newline at end of file +"those who obey and serve Yahweh" + +# to supply them with abundant food + +"so they will have enough food to eat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/23/intro.md b/isa/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..39bbeb53dd --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Phoenicia ##### +This chapter prophesies destruction against several cities in Phoenicia as well as in Tarshish. The exact location of Tarshish is unknown. Because of the locations mentioned in this chapter, it appears that the Assyrians will conquer many of the nations on the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/01.md b/isa/24/01.md index 852c36cbcb..3779c6164b 100644 --- a/isa/24/01.md +++ b/isa/24/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## It will come about that ## +# to empty the earth -This is an "important event" marker. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +"to make the earth desolate" or "to destroy everything on the earth" -## as with...so with ## +# It will come about that -What Yahweh will do is not stated here, but it is understood. AT: "as Yahweh scatters...so he will scatter." This show that God will treat all people the same way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +This phrase marks an important event. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## the receiver of interest ## +# as with ... so with + +What Yahweh will do is not stated here, but it is understood. This shows that God will treat all people the same way. AT: "as Yahweh scatters ... so he will scatter"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the priest ... the giver of interest + +In 24:2 Isaiah lists several classes of people. They can be stated as plural nouns as in the UDB. AT: "the priests ... those who give interest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# the receiver of interest "the one who owes money." The word "interest" means the extra money someone has to pay so that he may borrow money. -## the giver of interest ## +# the giver of interest "the one who is owed money" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/03.md b/isa/24/03.md index 9f11b6f4f1..9895f5a2a2 100644 --- a/isa/24/03.md +++ b/isa/24/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## The earth will be completely devastated and completely stripped ## +# The earth will be completely devastated and completely stripped -AT: "Yahweh will completely devastate the earth and he will remove everything with value." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will completely devastate the earth and he will remove everything with value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The earth dries up and withers, the world shrivels up and fades away ## +# Yahweh has spoken this word -AT: "Everything on earth will dry up and die. (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"Yahweh has said he would" -## The earth is polluted by its inhabitants ## +# The earth dries up and withers, the world shrivels up and fades away -AT: "The people have polluted the earth" +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "Everything on earth will dry up and die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## they have transgressed the laws, violated the statutes, and broken the everlasting covenant ## +# The earth ... the world + +Both of these represent everything that is on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The earth is polluted by its inhabitants + +The people sinning and making the earth unacceptable to God is spoken of as if the people made the earth physically unclean. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people have polluted the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they have transgressed the laws, violated the statutes, and broken the everlasting covenant "they have not obeyed God's laws and statutes, and they have broken God's eternal covenant" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/06.md b/isa/24/06.md index 9edc79467c..96637a7940 100644 --- a/isa/24/06.md +++ b/isa/24/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. +# General Information: -## and its inhabitants are found guilty ## +Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -AT: "and Yahweh will declare that the people are guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# a curse devours the earth + +Yahweh cursing the earth and destroying it is spoken of as if a curse were either a wild animal that completely eats the earth or a fire that completely burns up the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# its inhabitants are found guilty + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will declare that the people are guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/08.md b/isa/24/08.md index 087adca253..e9b7d4f1fa 100644 --- a/isa/24/08.md +++ b/isa/24/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. +# General Information: -## tambourines...lyre ## +Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -These are musical instruments. See how you translated these in [Isaiah 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +# tambourines ... lyre + +These are musical instruments. See how you translated these in [Isaiah 5:12](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/10.md b/isa/24/10.md index 8e7d1c1213..c06f846052 100644 --- a/isa/24/10.md +++ b/isa/24/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. +# General Information: -## The city of chaos has been broken down ## +Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -AT: "Yahweh will break down the city of chaos." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# The city of chaos has been broken down -## The city of chaos ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will break down the city of chaos" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Possible meanings are 1) the city was in chaos before the Lord breaks it down. The people did not obey God, the government was corrupt, and the city was full of drinking and parties, or 2) The city will be in chaos after God breaks it down. The walls and buildings that were once built strong and tall are now in ruins on the ground. With either meaning it does not mean one city. It refers to many cities. +# The city of chaos -## every house is closed up and empty ## +Possible meanings are 1) the city was in chaos before the Lord breaks it down; the people did not obey God, the government was corrupt, and the city was full of drinking and parties, or 2)the city will be in chaos after God breaks it down. The walls and buildings that were once built strong and tall are now in ruins on the ground. With either meaning it does not mean one city. It refers to cities in general. -"the people will close up their houses and leave them empty" +# every house is closed up and empty -## because of the wine ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people will close up their houses and leave them empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because of the wine "because there is no wine" -## all joy is darkened, the gladness of the land has disappeared ## +# all joy is darkened, the gladness of the land has disappeared -AT: "All joy will be gone from the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "all joy will be gone from the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# gladness of the land + +Here "land" represents the people of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/12.md b/isa/24/12.md index 8617d3c6cd..69e65bd39d 100644 --- a/isa/24/12.md +++ b/isa/24/12.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# In the city is left a desolation + +The abstract noun "desolation" can be stated as "desolate" or "empty." AT: "The city is desolate" or "The city is left empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# In the city + +This is not a specific city but cities in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# as when an olive tree is beaten, as the gleanings when the grape harvest is done + +This compares the nations after Yahweh devastates the land to trees and vines after their fruit has been picked. This means there will be very few people left in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/14.md b/isa/24/14.md index e6c385af8e..85c2efa65c 100644 --- a/isa/24/14.md +++ b/isa/24/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## They will lift up their voices and shout the majesty of Yahweh ## +# They will lift up their voices and shout the majesty of Yahweh -"Those who are left on the earth will shout praises to the majesty of Yahweh" +The phrase "lift up their voices" is an idiom that means to speak loudly. AT: "They will sing and shout about the majesty of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and will joyfully shout from the sea ## +# They will -"and those near the Mediterranean Sea will shout with joy" +Here "They" refers to those who are still alive after Yahweh devastates the earth. -## Therefore in the east glorify Yahweh ## +# and will joyfully shout from the sea -The phrase "in the east" refers to the people leaving east of Israel. Isaiah is commanding these people as if they were there with him. But, he is talking to the people in the future after God judges the world. Alternate translation: "Therefore everyone from distant lands in the east will glorify Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +Here "the sea" refers to the Mediterranean Sea which is west of Israel. AT: "and those in the west towards the sea will shout with joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and in the isles of the sea give glory ## +# Therefore in the east glorify Yahweh -"and everyone in the islands will give glory" +The phrase "in the east" represents the people living east of Israel. Isaiah is commanding these people as if they were there with him. But, he is talking to the people in the future after God devastates the earth. AT: "Therefore everyone from distant lands in the east will glorify Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## to the name of Yahweh ## +# in the isles of the sea give glory -Here "name" refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: "to Yahweh." \ No newline at end of file +Isaiah is commanding the people who live on the islands in the Mediterranean sea as if they were there with him. But, he is talking to the people in the future after God devastates the earth. AT: "everyone in the islands will give glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# to the name of Yahweh + +Here "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/16.md b/isa/24/16.md index 85d94492d2..2dd8ac16f8 100644 --- a/isa/24/16.md +++ b/isa/24/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## we have heard ## +# we have heard -Isaiah is describing something in the future as if it has already happened. AT: "we will hear" +Here "we" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. Isaiah is describing something in the future as if it has already happened. AT: "we will hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## I have wasted away, I have wasted away ## +# I have wasted away, I have wasted away -Isaiah repeats this phrase for emphasis. AT: "I have become very weak." Isaiah was very concerned because he saw people who deceived others and did not honor their commitments. +Isaiah repeats this phrase to emphasize his anguish. He was very concerned because he saw people who deceived others and did not do what they promised to do. AT: "I have become very weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## The treacherous have dealt treacherously; yes, the treacherous have dealt very treacherously ## +# The treacherous have dealt treacherously; yes, the treacherous have dealt very treacherously -AT: "Indeed, those who deceive are now deceiving others" or "Indeed, the deceivers have acted deceitfully." \ No newline at end of file +Isaiah repeats this phrase to emphasize his anguish. AT: "Indeed, those who deceive are now deceiving others" or "Indeed, the deceivers have acted deceitfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/17.md b/isa/24/17.md index b7c12f69b1..55a00aa31e 100644 --- a/isa/24/17.md +++ b/isa/24/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## the sound of terror ## +# Terror, the pit, and the snare are upon you, inhabitants of the earth + +"You people of the earth will experience terror, the pit, and the snare" + +# the pit, and the snare ... caught in the snare + +Here "pit" and "snare" represent all the different bad things that will happen to people. People will run away to escape one bad thing but they will just experience another bad thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the sound of terror "the terrifying sound" -## will be caught in the snare ## +# will be caught in the snare -AT: "the snare will catch him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the snare will catch him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the foundations of the earth will shake ## +# The windows of the heavens will be opened -The word "foundation" normally refers to a stone structure that gives support to a building from underneath. Here it describes a similar structure that was thought to support and and hold the earth in place. Isaiah says even the structure that holds the earth will shake. AT: "and the earth will shake terribly" or "and there will be a terrible earthquake." \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of large amounts of rain falling from the sky as if Yahweh opened a window in the sky and let the water pour through. AT: "The sky will split open and torrents of rain will fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the foundations of the earth will shake + +The word "foundation" normally refers to a stone structure that gives support to a building from underneath. Here it describes a similar structure that was thought to support and hold the earth in place. Isaiah says even the structure that holds the earth will shake. AT: "the earth will shake terribly" or "there will be a terrible earthquake" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/19.md b/isa/24/19.md index 7346edbd63..3e947599b7 100644 --- a/isa/24/19.md +++ b/isa/24/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## The transgression of it will be heavy on it, and it will fall and not rise again ## +# The earth will be completely broken, the earth ripped apart; the earth will be violently shaken -The word "it" in the phrase "transgression of it" refers to the earth, but it means the people of the earth. AT: "The sins of the people are many and they will cause the earth to fall and not rise again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +These passive clauses can be stated in active form. AT: "The earth will break and split apart; the earth will shake violently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The earth will stagger like a drunken man and it will sway back and forth like a hut + +These similes emphasize how the earth will shake back and forth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Its sin will be heavy on it and it will fall and never rise again + +This speaks of the earth as if it were a person and transgressions were a heavy object. The person tries to carry the heavy weight but the weight causes the person to fall and not be able to stand back up. Here the earth represents the people of the earth who cause Yahweh to destroy the earth because of their sins. AT: "The sins of the people are many and so Yahweh will destroy the earth, and the earth will be like a person who falls and cannot get back up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/21.md b/isa/24/21.md index c18720e9be..2f811d9694 100644 --- a/isa/24/21.md +++ b/isa/24/21.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## It will come about on that day ## +# On that day -Important event marker. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +"At that time" -## the host of the high ones ## +# the host of the heaven -AT: "evil spiritual beings" or "angels who rebelled against him" +A host is an army. Here "the host of the heaven" refers to the many powerful spirits in the heavens. It can be stated clearly that they are evil. AT: "the powerful beings" or "the evil spiritual beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## on high ## +# in the heavens -"in the heavens" or "in the sky" +"in the sky" -## They will be gathered together ## +# They will be gathered together, prisoners in a pit, and will be shut up in a prison -AT: "Yahweh will gather them together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "pit" refers to a dark room or hole in a prison. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will gather them together as his prisoners and lock them in the dungeon of a prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and will be shut up in a prison ## +# they will be punished -AT: "and he will put them in a prison" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they will be sentenced ## - -AT: "Yahweh will sentence them" or "Yahweh will punish them" - -## Then the moon will be ashamed, and the sun disgraced ## +# Then the moon will be ashamed, and the sun disgraced The sun and the moon are described as a person who is ashamed of being in front of someone with greater power. In the presence of Yahweh, the light of the moon and sun will seem less bright. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/24/intro.md b/isa/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0ed5720840 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Isaiah 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +While it appears that this chapter is a continuation of the prophecy from the previous chapter, it actually looks at the whole of the Assyrian conquest as Yahweh's punishment on the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Covenant ##### +The mention of an "everlasting covenant" in this chapter is probably not to a specific covenant with Abraham or Moses. Instead, it is an expectation that mankind would obey Yahweh. Some consider this to be a covenant Yahweh made with Adam. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Reign of Yahweh ##### +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator should not add explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/25/01.md b/isa/25/01.md index 59456534ef..39ab40b45f 100644 --- a/isa/25/01.md +++ b/isa/25/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## the city ## +# praise your name -This is not referring to a certain city. Isaiah means it as any place where arrogant people live. \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# things planned long ago + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "things you planned long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in perfect faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." AT: "because you are perfectly faithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the city + +This is not referring to a certain city. It means cities in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# a fortress of strangers + +"a fortress belonging to foreigners" + +# a city of ruthless nations + +Here "city" and "nations" represent the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/25/04.md b/isa/25/04.md index c2abcab556..0f48c55e5d 100644 --- a/isa/25/04.md +++ b/isa/25/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## your are a protection...a guardian...a refuge...a shade ## +# you have been a place of safety ... a shelter ... a shelter from the storm ... a shade from the heat -Yahweh is compared to a place that the people can go to find safety and comfort. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh protecting his people is spoken of as if he were a place that the people could go to be safe and comforted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## when the blast of the ruthless is like a storm...the ruthless ones will be put down ## +# When the breath of the ruthless was like a storm against a wall -Those who try to harm the poor and needy will fail. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Ruthless people oppressing the people of God is spoken of as if they were a storm beating against a wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## the song of the ruthless ones will be put down ## +# When the breath -AT: "You will stop the song of the ruthless ones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"When the wind" or "When the blast" + +# the ruthless + +This is a nominal adjective. AT: "ruthless people" or "those who are ruthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# like heat in a dry land + +This compares the enemies of God's people to the heat that dries up the land. This emphasizes how much the enemies cause the people of God to suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# as the heat is subdued ... ruthless ones is answered + +Yahweh stopping ruthless people from singing and boasting is compared to a cloud providing shade on a hot day. This emphasizes that Yahweh comforts his people by stopping those who cause them to suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# as the heat is subdued by the shade of a cloud + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just like when a cloud passes overhead and subdues the heat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the song of the ruthless ones is answered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will stop the ruthless people from singing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/25/06.md b/isa/25/06.md index 41dfc84b64..bc88012fdd 100644 --- a/isa/25/06.md +++ b/isa/25/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# On this mountain + +This refers to Jerusalem or Mount Zion. + +# Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## a feast on the lees ## +# a feast of fat things + +Here "fat things" means the best food. + +# a feast on the lees "the oldest wine." This means the best wine. -## the covering over all peoples, the web woven over all the nations ## +# the covering over all peoples, the web woven over all the nations -Isaiah compares death, suffering, and sadness to a dark cloud or web that covers everyone on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Death, suffering, and sadness are spoken of as if they were a dark cloud or web that covers everyone on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He will swallow up death forever + +Yahweh causing people to live forever is spoken of as if he would swallow death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the disgrace of his people he will take away from all the earth + +Yahweh causing the people to never be ashamed again is spoken of as if disgrace were an object that Yahweh would take away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/25/09.md b/isa/25/09.md index 65b974cc76..40df75d510 100644 --- a/isa/25/09.md +++ b/isa/25/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## It will be said ## +# It will be said -AT: "People will say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for on this mountain the hand of Yahweh will rest ## +# on that day -AT: "The power of Yahweh will be on this mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"at that time" + +# For on this mountain the hand of Yahweh will rest + +The "hand" represents God's power. For Yahweh's hand to rest on "this mountain" means he will protect his people AT: "The power of Yahweh will be on this mountain" or "For on Mount Zion Yahweh will protect his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Moab will be trampled down in his place, even as straw is trampled down in a pit filled with manure + +Yahweh destroying the people of Moab is spoken of as if he would step on them and crush them. This is compared to how people trampled on straw to mix it with manure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Moab will be trampled down in his place + +Here Moab represents the people of Moab. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will trample the people in the land of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/25/11.md b/isa/25/11.md index 07cb1cd1f7..055eb84f4d 100644 --- a/isa/25/11.md +++ b/isa/25/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## They will spread their hands in the midst of it ## +# They will spread their hands ... his hands to swim -"The people of Moab will push their hands through the dung" \ No newline at end of file +This simile emphasizes how badly Yahweh will humiliate the people of Moab. They will spread their hands in dung like a swimmer spreads his hands in water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# They will spread their hands in the midst of it + +"The people of Moab will push their hands through the dung" + +# as a swimmer spreads his hands to swim + +"as if they were swimming" + +# will bring down their pride + +Yahweh humiliating a proud person is spoken of as if pride were something high and Yahweh would cause it to be low. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in spite of the skill of their hands + +Here "hands" represents the power to do or make something. AT: "in spite of the great things they have built" or "in spite of the great things they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Your high fortress walls he will bring down to the ground, to the dust + +This speaks of Yahweh causing armies to bring down the walls as if he himself were going to bring them down. AT: "He will send an army to bring your high fortress walls to the ground, to the dust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Your high fortress + +Here "Your" refers to the people of Moab. It can be stated in third person to be consistent with the previous verse. AT: "Their high fortress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/25/intro.md b/isa/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0d095ec72e --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Isaiah 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +This chapter shifts from being a prophecy against the nations to the personal praises of Isaiah. He praises Yahweh for the deliverance of his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Reign of the Messiah ##### +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator should not add explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/01.md b/isa/26/01.md index 6588116042..7238b27924 100644 --- a/isa/26/01.md +++ b/isa/26/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## We have a strong city ## +# In that day -This is referring to the city of Jerusalem. +"At that time" -## God has made salvation its walls and ramparts ## +# this song will be sung in the land of Judah -AT: "God's power to save is like a wall around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people in the land of Judah will sing this song" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We have a strong city + +This refers to the city of Jerusalem. + +# God has made salvation its walls and ramparts + +God's power to protect and save his people is spoken of as if his salvation were walls around a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the righteous nation that keeps faith + +Here "nation" represents the people. AT: "the righteous and faithful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/03.md b/isa/26/03.md index cc02afdc9c..9bd246f257 100644 --- a/isa/26/03.md +++ b/isa/26/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the mind that is stayed on you ## +# The mind that is stayed on you -"You" refers to Yahweh. AT: "those whose thoughts are continually on you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "mind" represents a person's thoughts. Also "you" refers to Yahweh. The phrase "stayed on you" is an idiom. AT: "The person who continually thinks about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Yah, Yahweh ## +# Yah, Yahweh -Yah is another name for Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +Yah is another name for Yahweh. + +# Yahweh, is an everlasting rock + +Yahweh having the power to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a tall rock where people could go to escape from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/05.md b/isa/26/05.md index 037830ba3a..c3cff86737 100644 --- a/isa/26/05.md +++ b/isa/26/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## It will be trampled down by the feet ## +# he will bring down those who live proudly -AT: The feet of the poor will trample..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh humiliating those who are proud is spoken of as if proud people were up high and he would cause them to come down low. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the fortified city + +This means fortified cities in general not a specific city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# he will lay low ... he will level + +Yahweh causing an army to destroy fortified cities is spoken of as if Yahweh would do it himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It will be trampled down by the feet of the poor and the treading of the needy + +Both statements mean the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The poor and oppressed people will trample on the ruins of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/07.md b/isa/26/07.md index e9e280e324..9aec24fc07 100644 --- a/isa/26/07.md +++ b/isa/26/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## The path of the righteous is level...the path of the righteous you make straight ## +# The path of the righteous is level ... the path of the righteous you make straight -Here, obeying God is compared to walking a path. For God to make the path straight emphasizes that God always leads them in truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. People obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they were walking on his path. Yahweh ensuring the people that what they do is right is spoken of as if he were making the path level and straight for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the way of your judgments, Yahweh, we wait for you ## +# in the path of your judgments, Yahweh, we wait for you -AT: "We wait for you, O Yahweh, as we stay on the path you have judged to be right." Here "we" refers to Isaiah and all righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Doing what Yahweh judged to be right is spoken of walking on his path. AT: "we wait for you, Yahweh, as we continue to do what you judged to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your name and your memory are the desire of our soul ## +# of your judgments -AT: "Your reputation is our only desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"of your laws" or "of your teachings" + +# we wait + +Here "we" refers to Isaiah and all righteous people who are speaking to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# your name and your reputation are our desire + +Here "name" and "reputation" represent Yahweh's character which represents Yahweh himself. AT: "our only desire is to honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my spirit within me seeks you earnestly + +Wanting to know Yahweh and his laws better is spoken of as if the person were seeking to find Yahweh. AT: "I earnestly want to know you better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my spirit within me seeks you earnestly + +Here "spirit" represents the speaker as a whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/10.md b/isa/26/10.md index 69fe983486..8482e673d2 100644 --- a/isa/26/10.md +++ b/isa/26/10.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# Let favor be shown to the wicked one, but he will not learn righteousness + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Even if Yahweh is kind to wicked people, they still do not learn to do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the wicked one + +This means wicked people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# In the land of uprightness + +Here "land" represents the people who live there. AT: "In the land where the people do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# does not see the majesty of Yahweh + +Here "see" represents realizing something. AT: "does not realize that Yahweh is great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/11.md b/isa/26/11.md index e3bf7b95e5..e25335e36b 100644 --- a/isa/26/11.md +++ b/isa/26/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## but they do not notice ## +# your hand is lifted up -AT: "but the wicked people do not notice" +Yahweh preparing to punish wicked people is spoken of as if his hand were raised and about to hit the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## But they will see your zeal for the people and be put to shame ## +# but they do not notice -AT: "But when they see your eagerness to bless your people, the wicked people will be ashamed" +"but the wicked people do not notice" -## fire of your adversaries will devour them ## +# they will see your zeal for the people -AT: "your fire will devour them" +Here "see" represents realizing something. AT: "they will realize that you are eager to bless your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for us ## +# be put to shame -Here "us" refers to Isaiah and includes all the righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fire of your adversaries will devour them + +Yahweh punishing and completely destroying his adversaries is spoken of as if he would send a fire that will completely burn them up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fire of your adversaries + +Here "of" does not mean the fire belongs to the adversaries but that the fire is intended to be used against the adversaries. AT: "your fire will completely burn them up" + +# for us + +Here "us" refers to Isaiah and includes all the righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/13.md b/isa/26/13.md index e4edad43a1..2ea74fa6ab 100644 --- a/isa/26/13.md +++ b/isa/26/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## our God ## +# but we praise your name alone -Here "our" refers to Isaiah and includes all the righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here "name" represents the person of God. AT: "but we praise you alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## but we praise your name alone ## +# they will not arise -AT: "but we praise you alone" or "but we praise your reputation alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"they will not come back to life" + +# made every memory of them to perish + +Yahweh causing people to no longer remember those he destroyed is spoken of as if Yahweh made their memory perish or die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/15.md b/isa/26/15.md index 1ceb138519..530f87a415 100644 --- a/isa/26/15.md +++ b/isa/26/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## you have increased the nation ## +# You have increased the nation, Yahweh, you have increased the nation -This clause is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This clause is repeated for emphasis. Here "nation" represents the people. AT: "You have greatly increased the number of people in our nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/16.md b/isa/26/16.md index b37b693cc5..3c72384a8d 100644 --- a/isa/26/16.md +++ b/isa/26/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## so we ## +# they looked to you -This refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here "they" refers to the people of Israel. This would include Isaiah. AT: "we looked to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Like when a pregnant woman ## +# looked to you -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This idiom means they asked Yahweh for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# when your discipline was on them + +The abstract noun "discipline" can be stated as a verb. AT: "when you disciplined them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# As a pregnant woman ... cries out in her labor pains + +This compares the people to a woman giving birth. This emphasizes their suffering and crying when Yahweh disciplined them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/18.md b/isa/26/18.md index b30146079f..a660f74318 100644 --- a/isa/26/18.md +++ b/isa/26/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -17]]) +# General Information: -## but it is as if we have brought forth only wind ## +Isaiah continues to compare the suffering of the people of Judah to a woman giving birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "but it is as if we gave birth to nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# but it is as if we have only given birth to wind -## We have not brought salvation to the earth ## +"but it is as if we have only given birth to air" or "it is like we gave birth to nothing." This is a simile that emphasizes that the people's suffering resulted in nothing. AT: "but nothing good resulted from it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -AT: "We have not saved the earth" +# We have not brought salvation to the earth, and the inhabitants of the world have not fallen -## and the inhabitants of the world do not fall ## +Here "earth" represents the people who live on the earth. The meaning is unclear, but it seems to mean that the people of Israel have not been able to save themselves or other people by defeating their enemy in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "nor have we caused the world to fall" \ No newline at end of file +# We have not brought salvation to the earth + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "salvation" is expressed as the verb "save." AT: "We have not saved the inhabitants of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# and the inhabitants of the world have not fallen + +"nor have we caused the wicked people of the world to fall in battle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/19.md b/isa/26/19.md index f24e64e5e6..4635450e4c 100644 --- a/isa/26/19.md +++ b/isa/26/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Your dead will live ## +# Your dead will live -AT: "Your people who have died will live again." Here "your" refers to Yahweh. +This can be reworded so that the nominal adjective "dead" is expressed as the verb "have died." AT: "Your people who have died will live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## our dead bodies ## +# Your dead -Here "our" refers to Isaiah and all the righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "Your" refers to Yahweh or 2) "Your" refers to the people of Israel. If you choose option two you could translate it as "Our dead." -## for your dew is the dew of herbs ## +# Awake -Yahweh's grace will fall on the people like Spring dew that revives plants after the "death" of winter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of dead people coming back to life as if they were waking up from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and the earth will drop the dead, its prey ## +# you who live in the dust -AT: "and the earth will release the dead to live again" \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite way of referring to those who have died. AT: "those who are dead and buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# for your dew is the dew of light + +Yahweh acting kindly towards his people and bringing them back to life is spoken of as if it were the dew that causes the plants to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for your dew + +Possible meanings are 1) "your" refers to Yahweh and this is the dew that Yahweh gives or 2) "your" refers to the people of Israel and this is the dew they receive from Yahweh. + +# dew of light + +Possible meanings are 1) "light" refers to Yahweh's power to make dead people alive again. AT: "dew from Yahweh" or 2) "light" refers to the morning time when dew is on the plants. AT: "dew in the morning" + +# the earth will bring forth its dead + +"the earth will give birth to those who died." Yahweh causing dead people to come back to life is spoken of as if the earth would give birth to those who have died. AT: "and Yahweh will cause those who have died to rise from the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/20.md b/isa/26/20.md index 5fa5e4992b..9a8084fe2d 100644 --- a/isa/26/20.md +++ b/isa/26/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## my people ## +# my people -Here "my" refers to Isaiah. Also "people" refers to the people of Judah. +Here "my" refers to Isaiah. Also "people" refers to the people of Israel. -## the earth will uncover her bloodshed ## +# until the indignation has passed by -Isaiah describes the earth as a person who will reveal all the murders that have happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Translate the abstract noun "indignation" as the adjective "angry." AT: "until Yahweh is no longer angry with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the earth will uncover her bloodshed, and will no longer conceal her slain + +Yahweh revealing all murders that have happened on the earth so that he can punish the murderers is spoken of as if the earth itself will reveal everyone who has been murdered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/26/intro.md b/isa/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7e4ca9c41d --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 26, which is a song to be sung during the reign of Jesus. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "That day" ##### +This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator should not add explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/27/01.md b/isa/27/01.md index ae7c4a8743..46b9a420f3 100644 --- a/isa/27/01.md +++ b/isa/27/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Leviathan ## +# On that day -AT: "Leviathan, a symbol for evil." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"At that time" -## the monster that is in the sea ## +# Yahweh with his hard, great and fierce sword will punish + +Yahweh having the power to destroy his enemies is spoken of as if he had strong, large sword. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the monster that is in the sea This refers to Leviathan. -## A vineyard of wine, sing of it ## +# A vineyard of wine, sing of it -"Sing about the vineyard of wine." Isaiah compares the people of Israel to a vineyard that has produced fruit. AT: "Sing about the people of Israel as if they were a vineyard of wine." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Sing about the vineyard of wine." This speaks about the people of Israel as if they were a vineyard that produced fruit. AT: "Sing about the people of Israel as if they were a vineyard that produced grapes for wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I, Yahweh, am its protector ## +# I, Yahweh, am its protector "I, Yahweh, protect the vineyard" -## night and day ## +# night and day -AT: "all the time" or "continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "night" and "day" are combined here to mean "all the time." AT: "all the time" or "continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/27/04.md b/isa/27/04.md index 9a8b2604fa..6745c335ed 100644 --- a/isa/27/04.md +++ b/isa/27/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## I am not angry ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "I" refers to Yahweh. +This continues to speak about the people of Israel as if they were a vineyard (See: [Isaiah 27:2-3](./01.md)). -## Oh, that there were briers and thorns ## +# I am not angry, Oh, that there were briers and thorns! In battle I would march against them -This continues to compare the people of Israel to a vineyard (See: [Isaiah 27:1](./01.md)). The enemies of the people of Israel to briers and thorns in the vineyard. AT: "If only there were briers and thorns growing in the vineyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"I am not angry. If there were briers and thorns I would march against them in battle" -## briers and thorns ## +# I am not angry -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:5](../05/05.md). +It is understood that Yahweh is not angry with his people any longer. AT: "I am not angry with my people any longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## unless they grasp my protection ## +# that there were briers and thorns -AT: "unless they ask me to protect them" +The enemies of the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were briers and thorns growing in the vineyard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and make peace with me; let them make peace with me ## +# briers and thorns -This phrases are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 5:6](../05/05.md). + +# In battle I would march against them + +Yahweh fighting his enemies is spoken of as if he were a warrior in an army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I would march against them; I would burn them all together + +Here Isaiah combines different images to speak of Yahweh's enemies. He speaks of them as if they are briers and thorns but also as soldiers in an army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# unless they grasp my protection + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "protection" is expressed as the verb "protect." AT: "unless they ask me to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# make peace with me; let them make peace with me + +"they ask to live peacefully with me; I want them to live peacefully with me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/27/06.md b/isa/27/06.md index 9439127cac..ce4d688f7c 100644 --- a/isa/27/06.md +++ b/isa/27/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Isaiah is speaking. He continues to describe the people of Israel as a vineyard. (See: [Isaiah 27:1](./01.md)) +# General Information: -## In the coming day ## +Isaiah is speaking. He continues to describe the people of Israel as a vineyard. (See: [Isaiah 27:2](./01.md)) -AT: "In the future" or "In a time that is coming" +# In the coming day -## Jacob will take root; Israel will blossom and bud ## +This speaks about a day as if it travels and arrives somewhere. AT: "In the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"Jacob" and "Israel" here refer to the descendants of Jacob. In the time when God is no longer angry with them he will bless them and cause them to prosper. AT: "the descendants of Israel will prosper like a vine that has taken root and blossomed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Jacob will take root; Israel will blossom and bud -## they will fill the surface of the ground with fruit ## +Yahweh blessing the people of Israel and causing them to prosper is spoken of as if they were a vine that grows roots and blossoms. AT: "the descendants of Israel will prosper like a vine that has taken root and blossomed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "and they will fill the earth with their fruit" \ No newline at end of file +# Jacob ... Israel + +Here "Jacob" and "Israel" are metonyms that represent the descendants of Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will fill the surface of the ground with fruit + +Yahweh causing the people of Israel to prosper greatly so that they can help other people is spoken of as if they were a vine that grows so much fruit that it would cover the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/27/07.md b/isa/27/07.md index ae9fbbfc3e..fc2d89b142 100644 --- a/isa/27/07.md +++ b/isa/27/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Has Yahweh struck Jacob and Israel as he struck those nations who struck them ## +# Has Yahweh attacked Jacob and Israel as he attacked those nations who attacked them? -AT: "Yahweh has certainly punished the enemy nations more severely than he punished the people of Israel" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The question is used to contrast the severity of God's punishment. AT: "Yahweh has certainly punished the enemy nations more severely than he punished the people of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## or have Jacob and Israel been killed as the slaughter of those nations that were killed by them? ## +# Jacob ... Israel -AT: "and he has not killed the people of Israel like he killed the enemies from other nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These represent the descendants of Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## In exact measure you have contended ## +# Have Jacob and Israel been killed as in the slaughter of those nations that were killed by them? -AT: "But you did punish them as much as was needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +This question too is used to contrast the severity of God's punishment. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has not killed the people of Israel like they killed their enemies from other nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## sending Jacob and Israel away ## +# In exact measure you have contended -AT: "sending the people of Israel away" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "you" refers to God. Yahweh punishing his people as much as they needed is spoken of as if God's punishment were something that could be measured. AT: "But you did punish them as much as was needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he drove them away with his severe wind, on the day of the east wind ## +# sending Jacob and Israel away -AT: "The power of Yahweh drove them out like a severe wind from the east." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This represents the descendants of Jacob. AT: "sending the Israelites away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he drove them away with his fierce breath in the day of the east wind + +Yahweh's power to send his people away to a foreign country is spoken of as if Yahweh used his breath to blow them to a foreign country. AT: "the power of Yahweh drove them out like a fierce wind from the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/27/09.md b/isa/27/09.md index cc30136eb8..1792a403c8 100644 --- a/isa/27/09.md +++ b/isa/27/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## So in this way ## +# So in this way -AT: "By sending them away into exile" +Possible meanings are 1) "this" refers to Yahweh sending the people into exile as Isaiah mentioned in the previous verse or 2) "this" refers to the actions that Isaiah will mention in the next part of verse 9. -## the iniquity of Jacob will be atoned for ## +# the iniquity of Jacob will be atoned for -AT: "Yahweh will atone for the sins of the people of Israel" or "Yahweh will provide a payment for the sins of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will purge the sin from the Israelites" or "Yahweh will forgive the sins of the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for this will be the full fruit of turning away from his sin ## +# iniquity of Jacob ... removal of his sin -AT: "for this is what will happen when Yahweh removes their sin" +Here "Jacob" represents the descendants of Jacob. AT: "iniquity of the Israelites ... removal of their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He will make all the the altar stones as chalk and pulverized, and no Asherah poles or incense altars will remain standing ## +# for this will be -AT: "They will completely destroy all the altars to false gods and remove all the Asherah idols." \ No newline at end of file +Here "this" refers to the actions that Isaiah will describe in the next part of verse 9. + +# the full fruit + +This speaks of the results of an action as if it were the fruit that grows as on a tree or vine. AT: "the result" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will make all the altar stones as chalk and crushed to pieces, and no Asherah poles or incense altars will remain standing + +Here "he" refers to Jacob who represents his descendants. AT: "They will completely destroy all the altars on which they sacrifice to false gods, and they will remove all the Asherah idols and the altars on which they burn incense to false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/27/10.md b/isa/27/10.md index 14271b677b..8072a7cab3 100644 --- a/isa/27/10.md +++ b/isa/27/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## For the fortified city is desolate, the habitation is deserted and forsaken like the wilderness ## +# For the fortified city is ... consumes its branches -AT: "The cities that were strong and had many people living in them will become empty like a wilderness." +Here Isaiah describes an event that will happen in the future as if it already happened. This emphasizes that it certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## When the boughs are withered, they will be broken off. Women will come and make fires with them ## +# For the fortified city is desolate, the habitation is deserted and forsaken like the wilderness -AT: "When the branches wither, women will come and break them off and make fires with them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The cities that were strong and had many people living in them will become empty like a desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## this is not a people of understanding ## +# the fortified city ... the habitation -AT: "this is not a people who understands Yahweh or his law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This does not refer to a specific city or habitation but to cities and habitations in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## Therefore their Maker will not have compassion on them, and he who made them will not be merciful to them ## +# a calf feeds, and there he lies down and consumes -"Because they do not understand, Yahweh, the one who made them, will not show mercy to them." \ No newline at end of file +Here "calf" represents calves or cattle in general. AT: "calves feed, and there they lie down and consume" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# When the boughs ... not a people of understanding + +The people becoming so weak because they disobey Yahweh so that enemies can easily destroy them is spoken of as if they are dry branches that women break off of a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# When the boughs are withered, they will be broken off. Women will come and make fires with them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When the branches wither, women will come and break them off and make fires with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is not a people of understanding + +This can be made more explicit. AT: "this is not a people who understands Yahweh or his law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a people + +Possible meanings are 1) "people" refers to the people of Israel or 2) "people" refers the people of foreign nations who oppress the people of Israel. + +# Therefore their Maker will not have compassion on them, and he who made them will not be merciful to them + +Both clauses mean the same thing. AT: "Because they do not understand, Yahweh, the one who made them, will not be merciful to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/27/12.md b/isa/27/12.md index efdb746f9d..60b76efc4c 100644 --- a/isa/27/12.md +++ b/isa/27/12.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## It will come about ## +# It will come about This phrase marks an important event that will happen. -## Yahweh will thresh ## +# on that day -AT: "Yahweh, like a farmer separating the grain from the plant, will separate you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"at that time" -## from flowing stream of the Euphrates River, to the Brook of Egypt ## +# Yahweh will thresh -AT: "from the Euphrates River in the east to the Brook of Egypt in the west." +Yahweh gathering his people to bring them back from the foreign nations to the land of Israel is spoken of as if he were threshing wheat to separate the grain from the chaff. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you will be gathered one by one ## +# from the Euphrates River to the Wadi of Egypt -AT: "Yahweh will gather you one by one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Isaiah mentions the Euphrates River and the Wadi of Egypt to mean that Yahweh will bring back the people of Israel who were exiled in lands near those waters, that is, Assyria and Egypt. The Euphrates River is northeast of Israel, and the Wadi of Egypt is southwest of Israel. -## a great trumpet will be blown ## +# the Wadi of Egypt -AT: "Yahweh will order someone to blow the great trumpet" or "An angel will blow the great trumpet" +"the brook of Egypt" -## the perishing ones in the land of Assyria will come, and the outcasts in the land of Egypt ## +# you ... will be gathered together one by one -AT: "those who are in exile and dying in the land of Assyria and the land of Egypt will come" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will gather you together one by one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## holy mountain ## +# a great trumpet will be blown -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:8](../11/08.md). \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone will blow a trumpet loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the perishing ones in the land of Assyria will come, and the outcasts in the land of Egypt + +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "those who are in exile and dying in the land of Assyria and the land of Egypt will return to the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# holy mountain + +The "holy mountain" is Mount Zion, in Jerusalem. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:9](../11/08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/27/intro.md b/isa/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8f51c8f427 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 27 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 27, which is an important quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Leviathan ##### +This was an ancient type of dragon or serpent. It is possible that this is a reference to Satan, who is also described as a serpent and a dragon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "That day" ##### +This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator should not add explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/01.md b/isa/28/01.md index 733e05ca12..967e05305c 100644 --- a/isa/28/01.md +++ b/isa/28/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Woe to the proud garland of the drunkards of Ephraim ## +# Woe to the proud garland ... on the head of the lush Valley of those who are overcome with wine -The "garland" was a crown of flowers that people would give to victors and wear to parties. AT: "Terrible things will happen to the proud people of Ephraim who wear garlands on their heads and get drunk at parties." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +A "garland" is a crown made of flowers. Here it represents the city of Samaria, the capital of Israel, which sits above a fertile valley. Samaria and its people being destroyed is spoken of as if the flowers in the garland will grow old and stop being beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and to the fading flower of his glorious beauty ## +# Behold -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Listen" or "Pay attention" -## that is on the head of the lush valley of those who are overcome with wine ## +# who are overcome with wine -AT: "and to the people of Samaria who are drunk on wine and who are like a fading flower at the top of the lush valley." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"who are drunk with wine" -## Behold ## +# the Lord sends one who is mighty and strong -AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention" +Here "one" refers to a mighty king who also represents his powerful army. AT: "the Lord sends a king with his powerful army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the Lord has a mighty and strong one; as a hailstorm…overwhelming ## +# storm of hail -A "hailstorm" is when hard pieces of ice fall from the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +A "storm of hail" or hailstorm happens when hard pieces of ice fall from the sky. Here it is a simile that refers to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## He will strike the earth with his hand ## +# he will throw each garland crown down to the ground -The word "he" may refer to king of the enemy army. The "hand" refers to the power of his army. AT: "His powerful army will throw them down to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The king and his powerful army destroying the people of Samaria and their city is spoken of as if the king will throw the people's garlands onto the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/03.md b/isa/28/03.md index a0a2a966cc..33cc9a89c3 100644 --- a/isa/28/03.md +++ b/isa/28/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## The proud garland of the drunkards of Ephraim will be trodden underfoot ## +Isaiah continues to speak about the people and the city of Samaria as if they were a garland. (See: [Isaiah 28:1-2](./01.md)) -AT: "Like stepping on a flower the enemy army will crush the proud drunkards of Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# The proud garland of the drunkards of Ephraim will be trodden underfoot -## The fading flower of his glorious beauty, that is on the head of the rich valley ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy army will crush the proud drunkards of Samaria as if they were crushing flowers under their feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This refers to the city of Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# proud garland ... of Ephraim ... that is on the head of the rich valley -## will be as the first ripe fig...gulps it down ## +A "garland" is a crown made of flowers. Here it represents the city of Samaria, the capital of Israel, which sits above a fertile valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This emphasizes that when the enemies of Israel see all the beauty of Samaria they will quickly plunder it and take away all its good things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +# will be as the first ripe fig ... gulps it down + +This speaks of the enemy soldiers seeing the beauty of Samaria and quickly plundering it as if they were a person who sees the first fig of the season and quickly eats it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/05.md b/isa/28/05.md index a66e736e56..433bb9f119 100644 --- a/isa/28/05.md +++ b/isa/28/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## will become a beautiful crown and a diadem of beauty ## +# will become a beautiful crown and a diadem of beauty -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh is spoken of as if he were to become a beautiful crown that the people who honor him as their true king would wear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a spirit of justice for him who sits in judgment ## +# a beautiful crown and a diadem of beauty -AT: "Yahweh will cause the judges to be just" +These mean the same thing. AT: "a beautiful crown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## sits in judgment ## +# people, a spirit of justice for him who sits in judgment, and strength for those who -AT: "has the authority to judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns "justice" and "strength" are expressed as adjectives. AT: "people. Yahweh will cause the judges to be just and will cause to be strong those who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## and strength for those who turn back their enemies at their gates ## +# a spirit of justice -AT: "and Yahweh will cause the soldiers of the city to be strong." \ No newline at end of file +A person who has a "spirit of justice" is someone who has the characteristic of justice and is a just person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# sits in judgment + +This idiom means the person has the authority to judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# strength for those who turn back their enemies at their gates + +Here "to turn back" is an idiom that means to defeat in battle. AT: "Yahweh will cause the soldiers to be strong so that they defeat their enemies when the enemies attack their city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/07.md b/isa/28/07.md index 6bff4d87c2..674f43f082 100644 --- a/isa/28/07.md +++ b/isa/28/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## But even these ## +# But even these -"But even the priests and prophets" +"But even the leaders" -## reel...stagger ## +# The priest and the prophet -AT: "stumble," "stagger," or "walk unsteadily." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This does not mean a specific priest or prophet. It refers to priests and prophets in general. AT: "The priests and the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## they are swallowed up by wine ## +# reel with wine, and stagger with strong drink -AT: "They think they are swallowing the wine but it is like the wine is swallowing them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the priests and the prophets cannot do their job because they are very drunk. AT: "stumble around because they are drunk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## staggering in vision and reeling in decision ## +# they are swallowed up by wine -(See: UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Their drinking so much that they can no longer think properly is spoken of as if the wine swallowed them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the wine is causing them to be confused" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# staggering in vision and reeling in decision + +Just like they are too drunk to walk correctly, they are too drunk to understand the visions God gives them or to make good decisions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/09.md b/isa/28/09.md index c3c0408b79..183f80652b 100644 --- a/isa/28/09.md +++ b/isa/28/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## To whom will he teach knowledge, and to whom will he explain the message? ## +# To whom will he teach knowledge, and to whom will he explain the message? -The drunk prophets and priests use a question to criticize Yahweh and the prophets who try to correct them. AT: "The drunk prophets and priests say, 'Isaiah should not be trying to teach us about Yahweh's message!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The drunk prophets and priests use a question to criticize Isaiah, who is trying to correct them. AT: "The drunk prophets and priests say, 'Isaiah should not be trying to teach us about Yahweh's message!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## To those who are weaned from milk or to those just taken from the breasts? ## +# To those who are weaned from milk or to those just taken from the breasts? -They use another question for the same reason. AT: "We are not babies!" +The drunk prophets and priests use a question to criticize Isaiah, because they feel that he is treating them like babies. AT: "He should not treat us like babies!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For it is command upon command, command upon command; rule upon rule, rule upon rule; here a little, there a little ## +# For it is command upon command, command upon command; rule upon rule, rule upon rule; here a little, there a little -The people feel that Isaiah is repeating simple commands as if talking to a child. \ No newline at end of file +The drunk prophets and priests criticize Isaiah because they feel that Isaiah is repeating simple commands as if he were talking to a child. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/11.md b/isa/28/11.md index 5200da3704..e87f1efc28 100644 --- a/isa/28/11.md +++ b/isa/28/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## with mocking lips and a foreign tongue he will speak to this people ## +# with mocking lips and a foreign tongue he will speak to this people -AT: "Yahweh will speak to this people through the enemy army who will mock them and speak a different language" \ No newline at end of file +Here "lips" and "tongue" represent the foreigners who speak a different language than the Israelites do. It is implied that this refers to the Assyrian army that will attack Israel. AT: "Yahweh will speak to this people through enemy soldiers who will speak a foreign language" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# mocking lips + +"stammering lips" + +# This is the rest + +The abstract noun "rest" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "This is the resting place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# give rest to him who is weary + +The abstract noun "rest" can be stated as a verb. AT: "let whoever is tired come and rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# this is the refreshing + +The abstract noun "refreshing" can be stated as a verb. AT: "this is the place where you can be refreshed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/13.md b/isa/28/13.md index 1020de842d..2e9e9991c1 100644 --- a/isa/28/13.md +++ b/isa/28/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## So the word of Yahweh ## +# So the word of Yahweh -AT: "So Yahweh's message" +"So Yahweh's message" -## command upon command, command upon command; rule upon rule, rule upon rule; here a little, there a little ## +# command upon command, command upon command; rule upon rule, rule upon rule; here a little, there a little -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:9](./09.md). +These are the words that the drunk priests and prophets used to criticize how Isaiah teaches them. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:10](./09.md). -## so that they may go and fall backward, and be broken, ensnared, and captured ## +# so that they may go and fall backward, and be broken, ensnared, and captured -AT: "in order that the army of Assyria will come and defeat them and take them as captives." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "in order that the army of Assyria will come and defeat them and take them as captives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# go and fall backward, and be broken + +People losing in battle to the enemy army is spoken of as if the people will fall down and break. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# ensnared + +The enemy soldiers capturing the people of Israel is spoken of as if they were hunters that catch an animal in a snare. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/14.md b/isa/28/14.md index 5b1220d014..7c5dcef2cf 100644 --- a/isa/28/14.md +++ b/isa/28/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## So listen to the word of Yahweh ## +# So listen to the word of Yahweh -AT: "So listen to Yahweh's message." Isaiah now speaks to the leaders of Jerusalem. +"So listen to Yahweh's message" -## We have made a covenant with death; with Sheol we have reached an agreement ## +# We have made a covenant with death, and with Sheol we have reached an agreement -Isaiah quotes the leaders who believe nothing bad will happen. They describe death and Sheol as a person that makes a covenant with them. AT: "Nothing bad will ever happen to us in Jerusalem. It is like we made a deal with death itself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Both of these statements mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) the leaders of Jerusalem have used magic or sorcery to try to make an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead so that these gods would protect them from dying or 2) this is a metaphor that speaks of the leaders having made an agreement with the leaders of Egypt. The leaders of Jerusalem were so confident that the Egyptians would protect that it was like they had made an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## So when the overflowing judgment passes through, it will not reach us ## +# So when the overwhelming whip passes through, it will not reach us -AT: "As a result when God judges the people, and the enemy army comes like a flood, it will not harm us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of Yahweh's judgment and punishment as if it were a whip that would strike the people. And the whip is spoken of as if it were a flood that would pass through Jerusalem. AT: "As a result, when everyone else is suffering and dying, nothing will harm us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for we have made a lie our refuge, and in falsehood we have hidden ## +# For we have made a lie our refuge, and taken shelter in falsehood -AT: "for we trust in a lie and it will protect us." \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. A "lie" and "falsehood" are spoken of as if they were places where a person could go to hide. The leaders in Jerusalem would not have said they trust in a lie. They believed they were truly safe. But Isaiah knows they are not safe, because they trust in lies. AT: "For lies and falsehoods have become like a place where we can hide from danger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a lie our refuge ... taken shelter in falsehood + +Possible meanings are 1) the leaders trust in their own lies that they have said in order to protect themselves or 2) the leaders trust that the covenant they have made with the false gods of the place of the dead will keep them safe or 3) the leaders trust that the agreement they have made with the Egyptians will keep them safe. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/16.md b/isa/28/16.md index 5454ab63af..c58726d07c 100644 --- a/isa/28/16.md +++ b/isa/28/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## See ## +# See -AT: "Listen to this" +"Listen to this" -## I will lay in Zion a foundation stone ## +# I will lay in Zion a foundation stone ... sure foundation -AT: "I will prepare a sure start for building in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh sending a strong person to help the people of Israel is spoken of as if Yahweh is constructing a strong foundation for a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a tried stone ## +# a tried stone -AT: "a stone that is proven to be solid" +"a stone that is solid" -## a sure foundation ## +# a sure foundation -AT: "a firm support" +"a firm support" -## He who believes will not be ashamed ## +# He who believes will not be ashamed -AT: "Anyone who believes in the foundation stone placed by Yahweh will not be sorry." \ No newline at end of file +"Anyone who trusts in this foundation stone will not be sorry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/17.md b/isa/28/17.md index fcc25942ca..f475d90e90 100644 --- a/isa/28/17.md +++ b/isa/28/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to compare what he will do for the people in Jerusalem to a builder setting up a building. (See: [Isaiah 28:16](./16.md)) -## I will make justice the measuring stick ## +# I will make justice the measuring stick, and righteousness the plumbline -A builder uses a measuring stick to determine if something is the correct length. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh testing according to his justice and righteousness to determine if the people are just and righteous is spoken of as if he were a builder using tools to determine that something is the correct length and perfectly level. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and righteousness the plumbline ## +# the measuring stick -A builder uses a plumbline to determine if something is straight upright and level. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +A builder uses a measuring stick to determine if something is the correct length. -## Hail will sweep away the refuge of lies, and floodwaters will overwhelm the hiding place ## +# the plumbline -See how you translated the similar word "hailstorm" in [Isaiah 28:1](./01.md). AT: "The enemy army will come like a hailstorm and a flood, and they will destroy you and everything you thought would protect you." \ No newline at end of file +A builder uses a plumbline to determine if something is straight and level. + +# Hail will sweep away + +Yahweh causing a large amount of hail to fall is spoken of as if it would be an overwhelming flood. AT: "Hailstorms will destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Hail ... the floodwaters + +Possible meanings are 1) these are a synecdoche representing anything in general that will cause destruction or 2) these are a metaphor referring to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Hail + +hard pieces of ice that fall from the sky + +# the refuge of lies ... the hiding place + +This speaks about "lies" as if they were a place a person could go to hide. They represent what the leaders of Jerusalem trusted in to keep them safe from Yahweh's punishment. Possible meanings are 1) the leaders trust in their own lies that they have said in order to protect themselves or 2) the leaders trust that the covenant they have made with the false gods of the place of the dead will keep them safe or 3) the leaders trust that the agreement they have made with the Egyptians will keep them safe. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 28:15](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/18.md b/isa/28/18.md index b0f363b9e4..52337aa00d 100644 --- a/isa/28/18.md +++ b/isa/28/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem. -## your covenant with death will be dissolved, and your agreement with Sheol will not stand ## +# Your covenant with death will be dissolved, and your agreement with Sheol will not stand -See how you translated similar phrases in [Isaiah 28:14](./14.md). AT: "I will end the deal you think you have with death." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will cancel the covenant you have with death, and I will cancel the agreement you have with Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## when the raging flood passes through ## +# covenant with death ... agreement with Sheol -AT: "when the enemy army comes like a flood, it will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the leaders of Jerusalem had used magic or sorcery to try to make an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead so that these gods would protect them from dying or 2) this is a metaphor that speaks of the leaders having made an agreement with the leaders of Egypt. The leaders of Jerusalem were so confident that the Egyptians would protect that it was like they had made an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:15](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will not stand + +"will not last" + +# When the raging flood passes through + +Possible meanings are 1) "flood" is a synecdoche that represents anything in general that will cause destruction or 2) "flood" is a metaphor referring to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will be overwhelmed by it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will overwhelm you" or "it will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# morning by morning + +This is an idiom. AT: "every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# by day and night + +This means "throughout the entire day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/20.md b/isa/28/20.md index 0ce030f35d..e8740ec4d1 100644 --- a/isa/28/20.md +++ b/isa/28/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem. -## For the bed is too short for a man to stretch out on, and the blanket too narrow for him to wrap himself in ## +# For the bed is too short for a man to stretch out on, and the blanket too narrow for him to wrap himself in -Yahweh is emphasizing that trusting in lies will always cause the people to be disappointed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This was probably a proverb that the people knew at the time. It means that what they believe will keep them safe from Yahweh's punishment will disappoint them like a bed that is too short or a blanket that is too narrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) -## Yahweh will rise up ## +# Yahweh will rise up -Isaiah is now speaking. +Yahweh preparing to act is spoken of as if he were sitting and then rising up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Mount Perazim...Valley of Gibeon ## +# Mount Perazim ... Valley of Gibeon -These refer to times when God miraculously defeated enemy armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These refer to places where God miraculously defeated enemy armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## his strange work...his strange deed ## +# he will rouse himself -This work is strange because God is using a foreign army to defeat the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +"he will become very angry" + +# his strange work ... his strange deed + +These two phrases mean the same thing. This work is strange because God is using a foreign army to defeat the people of Jerusalem rather than helping the people of Jerusalem defeat their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/22.md b/isa/28/22.md index 1b140ffcc0..3310ec0fd6 100644 --- a/isa/28/22.md +++ b/isa/28/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Now therefore ## +# Now -Isaiah uses these words to emphasize what he is about to say. +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## your bonds will be tightened ## +# your bonds will be tightened -AT: "Yahweh will tighten your bonds" or "Yahweh will punish you even more severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Yahweh punishing the people even more severely is spoken of as if he would tighten their bonds. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will tighten your bonds" or "Yahweh will punish you even more severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## a decree of destruction on the earth ## +# a decree of destruction on the earth -AT: "that he is going to destroy people throughout the land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "destruction" is expressed as the verb "destroy." AT: "that he is going to destroy people throughout the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/23.md b/isa/28/23.md index a4d48c2704..672acc9f95 100644 --- a/isa/28/23.md +++ b/isa/28/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Isaiah continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## Pay attention and listen to my voice; be attentive and listen to my words ## +This begins a parable that ends in 28:29. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# Pay attention and listen to my voice; be attentive and listen to my words -## Does a farmer who plows all day to sow, only plow the ground? Does he continually break up and harrow the field? ## +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second phrase is used to strengthen the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -In this parable Isaiah uses questions to make them think deeply. AT: "A farmer does not plow the ground over and over. He does not only continue to work on the soil." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# to my voice + +Here "voice" represents what Isaiah says. AT: "to what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to my words + +"to my message" + +# Does a farmer who plows all day to sow, only plow the ground? Does he continually break up and harrow the field? + +Isaiah uses rhetorical questions to make the people think deeply. AT: "A farmer does not plow the ground over and over and continually work the soil without ever sowing seed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/25.md b/isa/28/25.md index 2e3517e683..ef8dd521eb 100644 --- a/isa/28/25.md +++ b/isa/28/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Isaiah continue telling a parable to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +# General Information: -## When he has prepared the ground ## +Isaiah continues telling a parable to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -AT: "When the farmer has plowed the soil" +# When he has prepared the ground -## does he not scatter caraway seed, sow the cumin, put in the wheat in rows and the barley in the right place, and the spelt at its edges ## +"When the farmer has plowed the soil" -Isaiah uses a question to make the people of Jerusalem think deeply. AT: "then he plants each kind of seed in the correct way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# does he not scatter caraway seed, sow the cumin, put in the wheat in rows and the barley in the right place, and the spelt at its edges? -## caraway...cumin...barley...spelt ## +Isaiah uses a question to make the people of Jerusalem think deeply. If your language does not have a word for each of these seeds, they can be stated more generally. AT: "he will certainly plant each kind of seed in the correct way and in the proper places." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -These are all names of plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# caraway ... cumin -## His God instructs him; he teaches him wisely ## +These are names of plants that are spices. Translators may represent them in general as seeds of spices used to spice food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -AT: "Yahweh helps the farmer know how to care for each kind of plant" \ No newline at end of file +# wheat ... barley ... spelt + +These are all names of plants that are grains. Translators may represent them in general as seeds of grains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# His God instructs him; he teaches him wisely + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "Yahweh helps the farmer know how to care for each kind of plant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/27.md b/isa/28/27.md index 9059c71ee4..94bb411eee 100644 --- a/isa/28/27.md +++ b/isa/28/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Isaiah continue telling a parable to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +# General Information: -## the cumin is not threshed with a sledge ## +Isaiah continues telling a parable to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -See how you translated "cumin" in [Isaiah 28:25](./25.md). AT: "The farmer does not separate the cumin seed from the plant with a heavy club." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# the caraway seed is not threshed with a sledge -## nor is a cartwheel rolled over the cumin ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the farmer does not separate the caraway seed from the plant with a heavy club" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "nor does he roll a heavy wheel over the cumin seed" +# caraway -## but caraway is beaten with a stick, and the cumin with a rod ## +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:25](./25.md). -See how you translated "caraway" in [Isaiah 28:25](./25.md). Isaiah describe the correct way for a farmer to separate the seed from the plant. AT: "but he beats the caraway with a stick, and he beats the cumin with a rod." +# nor is a cartwheel rolled over the cumin -## Grain is ground for bread but not too finely ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nor does he roll a heavy wheel over the cumin seed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "The farmer grinds the grain for bread but not so that it is too small" \ No newline at end of file +# cumin + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:25](./25.md). + +# but caraway is beaten with a stick, and cumin with a rod + +Isaiah describes the correct way for a farmer to separate the seed from the plant. This can be stated in active form. AT: "but he beats the caraway with a stick, and he beats cumin with a rod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Grain is ground for bread but not too finely + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The farmer grinds the grain for bread but not so that it is too small" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/29.md b/isa/28/29.md index 837b4e9b55..1985d29c4a 100644 --- a/isa/28/29.md +++ b/isa/28/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# This too comes ... excellent in wisdom + +This concludes the parable started in [Isaiah 28:23](./23.md). The implied lesson of the parable is that farmers are wise enough to listen to Yahweh's instructions about planting and threshing. But the leaders of Jerusalem are foolish for not listening to Yahweh's instructions that he is speaking through Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/28/intro.md b/isa/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a3a15088b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 28 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 26, which is an important quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are many metaphors used to describe Yahweh's punishment as well as the sin of the people of Ephraim. In one such metaphor, they are described as being drunk. Construction and weather metaphors are also used in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "That day" ##### +This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/01.md b/isa/29/01.md index 6d06ffbce6..4a7c5aa291 100644 --- a/isa/29/01.md +++ b/isa/29/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Woe to Ariel ## +# Woe to Ariel -Ariel is another name for Jerusalem. If possible translate this as "Ariel" rather than "Jerusalem" since the meaning of "Ariel" is important in 29:2. AT: "How terrible it will be for the people of Ariel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Ariel" represents the people who live in the city of Ariel. AT: "How terrible it will be for the people of Ariel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## David encamped ## +# Ariel + +This is another name for Jerusalem, and it means "altar." If possible translate this as "Ariel" rather than "Jerusalem" since the meaning of "Ariel" is important in 29:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# David encamped "David dwelled" or "David lived" -## Add year to year; let the festivals come round ## +# Add year to year; let the festivals come round -“Year after year you go through your ritual of sacrifices” or "Keep celebrating your festival year after year" +"Keep celebrating your festival year after year." This is an ironic statement. Yahweh tells the people to keep celebrating their festivals where they sacrifice to him, but he knows it will not prevent him from destroying them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## But I will ## +# But I will besiege -The word "I" refers to Yahweh. +The word "I" refers to Yahweh. This represents Yahweh causing an enemy army to besiege Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## she will be mourning and lamenting ## +# she will -"she" refers to the people of Ariel. AT: "they will mourn deeply." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here "she" refers to Ariel, which represents the people of Ariel. AT: "the people of Ariel will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## like Ariel ## +# mourning and lamenting -Translators may add footnote that says "The name Ariel means 'altar.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "mourning" and "lamenting" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of mourning. AT: "they will mourn deeply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# like Ariel + +Translators may add a footnote that says, "The name Ariel means 'altar.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/03.md b/isa/29/03.md index 3c00d5a17a..86482a7ded 100644 --- a/isa/29/03.md +++ b/isa/29/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## I will encamp against you ## +# I will encamp against you -The word "I" refers to Yahweh. AT: "I will command the army of your enemies to surround you." +The word "I" refers to Yahweh. This represents Yahweh causing an enemy army to surround Jerusalem. AT: "I will command the army of your enemies to surround you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## palisade...siege works ## +# palisade ... siege works -A "palisade" is a tower armies would build to attack cities with high walls. Also, "siege works" refers to other various weapons armies would build to attack cities. +A "palisade" is a tower armies would build to attack cities with high walls. Also "siege works" refers to other various weapons armies would build to attack cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## You will be brought down ## +# You will be brought down -AT: "Your enemy will bring you down" or "Your enemy will humble you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Your enemy will bring you down" or "Your enemy will humble you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and will speak from the ground; your speech will be low from the dust. Your voice will be like a ghost out of the ground, and your speech will be very weak from the dust ## +# will speak from the ground; your speech will be low from the dust. Your voice will be like a ghost out of the ground, and your speech will be very weak from the dust -This emphasizes that the people who once spoke with proud words will be weak and grieving after the enemy defeats them. AT: "and you will only be able to speak with weak whispers like a spirit speaking from where dead people dwell." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +All of these statements mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people who once spoke with proud words will be weak and grieving after the enemy defeats them. AT: "you will only be able to speak with weak whispers like a spirit speaking from where dead people dwell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/05.md b/isa/29/05.md index 747a7d3ee0..45dda78c27 100644 --- a/isa/29/05.md +++ b/isa/29/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## The horde of your invaders will be like small dust, and the multitude of the ruthless ones as chaff that passes away. ## +# The horde of your invaders will be like small dust, and the multitude of the ruthless ones as chaff that passes away -This emphasizes how weak and insignificant the invading army is before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This emphasizes how weak and insignificant the invading army is before God. AT: "Yahweh will easily remove the horde of your invaders and the multitude of the ruthless ones"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## horde of your invaders ## +# horde of your invaders -AT: "the many soldiers of the army that is attacking you" +"many soldiers that will attack you" -## the ruthless ones as chaff ## +# the ruthless ones as chaff -AT: "the soldiers who show you no mercy will be as chaff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The translator can supply the verb "will be." AT: "the soldiers who show you no mercy will be as chaff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## You will be punished by Yahweh of Hosts ## +# Yahweh of hosts will come to you -The word "you" refers to the people of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh of Hosts will punish you" or 2) "Yahweh of Hosts will help you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "you" refers to the people of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh of hosts will come to help you" or 2) "Yahweh of hosts will come to punish you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/07.md b/isa/29/07.md index c410b56c55..0e5d76e257 100644 --- a/isa/29/07.md +++ b/isa/29/07.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## It will be like a dream, a vision of the night ## +# It will be like a dream, a vision of the night -This emphasizes that soon it will be like the invading army was never there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The phrase "a vision of the night" is the same thing as "a dream." The two phrases emphasize that soon it will be like the invading army was never there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## A horde of all the nations ## +# A horde of all the nations -AT: "Large armies from all the nations" +"Large armies from all the nations" -## fight against Ariel ## +# fight against Ariel -See how you translated "Ariel" in [Isaiah 29:1](./01.md). AT: "fight against the city of Ariel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The name "Ariel" is another name for Jerusalem, and it represents the people who live there. See how you translated "Ariel" in [Isaiah 29:1](./01.md). AT: "fight against the people of Ariel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## her stronghold ## +# her stronghold. They will attack her and her fortifications to press upon her -The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. AT: "the city's stronghold" +The word "her" refers to Ariel which represents the people who live there. AT: "their stronghold. They will attack the city of Ariel and its defenses and cause the people to be in great distress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## attack her and her fortifications to press upon her ## +# It will be like when a hungry man dreams he is eating ... his thirst not quenched -AT: “attack the city of Ariel and its defenses and cause the city great distress” +These similes mean that the enemy will expect victory but they will fail because God will not allow them to conquer Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## It will be like when a hungry man dreams he is eating...It will be like when a thirsty man dreams that he is drinking ## +# Yes, so will be the great number of nations that fights against Mount Zion -The enemy expects victory but nothing comes because God will not allow them to conquer Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -## Yes, so will be the horde of nations that fights against Mount Zion ## - -AT: “Yes, this will be what happens to the armies from the nations who fight against the people who live on Mount Zion.” \ No newline at end of file +Here "Mount Zion" represents the people who live there. AT: "Yes, this will be what happens to the armies from the nations who fight against the people who live on Mount Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/09.md b/isa/29/09.md index 0f6067770e..6ed071912d 100644 --- a/isa/29/09.md +++ b/isa/29/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Astonish yourselves and be astonished ## +# Astonish yourselves and be astonished -The word "yourselves" refers to the people of Jerusalem. Why they are astonished can be made explicit: AT: "Be astonished at what I am telling you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The word "yourselves" refers to the people of Jerusalem. Why they are astonished can be made explicit. AT: "Be astonished at what I am telling you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## blind yourselves...be drunk ## +# blind yourselves and be blind -Isaiah compares the people of Jerusalem to a blind person and a drunk person. This emphasizes they are senseless and do not understand God's plans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The people ignoring what Yahweh says is spoken of as if they would make themselves blind. AT: "keep being ignorant and spiritually blind to what I am showing you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## blind yourselves and be blind ## +# Be drunk, but not with wine; stagger, but not with beer -AT: "keep being ignorant and spiritually blind to what I am showing you" +The people being senseless and not understanding what Yahweh is doing is spoken of as if they were drunk. AT: "Be senseless like a drunk person, but it is not because you have drank too much wine or beer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Be drunk, but not with wine; stagger, but not with beer ## +# For Yahweh has poured out on you the spirit of deep sleep -AT: "Be senseless like a drunk person, but it is not because you have drank too much wine" +Here "the spirit of" means "to have the characteristic of" being asleep. Yahweh causing the people to be asleep is spoken of as if "the spirit" were a liquid that he poured out on the people. Also "deep sleep" is a metaphor that means the people are senseless and cannot understand what Yahweh is doing. AT: "The reason you are senseless is because Yahweh has caused you to be spiritually asleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For Yahweh has poured out on you the spirit of deep sleep ## +# He has closed your eyes, the prophets, and has covered your heads, the seers -AT: "The reason you are senseless is because Yahweh has caused you to be spiritually asleep." - -## He has closed your eyes, the prophets, and has covered your heads, the seers ## - -AT: "He has made your prophets and seers unable to hear and understand his message" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh causing the people to be senseless and not to understand what he is doing is spoken of as if he closed their eyes and covered their heads so they could not see. AT: "It is as though Yahweh has closed the eyes of the prophets and covered the heads of the seers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/11.md b/isa/29/11.md index 314069766a..29bcd572c3 100644 --- a/isa/29/11.md +++ b/isa/29/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## All revelation has become to you as the words of a book that is sealed ## +# All revelation has become to you as the words of a book that is sealed -The other prophets in Jerusalem are unable to hear or understand God's message. AT: "All that Yahweh has revealed is to you like a sealed book." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The other prophets in Jerusalem are unable to hear or understand God's message. AT: "All that Yahweh has revealed is to you like a sealed book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## which men might give to one who is learned ## +# is sealed, which men might give to one who is learned -AT: "Men take the sealed book to someone who can read." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "is sealed. A person may take the sealed book to someone who can read" + +# If the book is given to one who cannot read + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If a person takes the book to someone who cannot read" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/13.md b/isa/29/13.md index db9deab984..6f64e75555 100644 --- a/isa/29/13.md +++ b/isa/29/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## This people draws near to me with their mouth and honor me with their lips but their heart is far from me ## +# This people comes close to me with their mouths and honors me with their lips -The words "mouth" and "lips" refer to what people say. AT: "The people of Jerusalem honor me with what they say, but they do not honor me in their thoughts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The words "mouths" and "lips" represent what people say. Here it also represents saying something but not truly meaning it. AT: "The people of Jerusalem pretend to worship me and honor me with what they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Their honoring me is a commandment taught by men ## +# but their heart is far from me -AT: “They honor me only because that is what men tell them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "heart" is a metonym that represents a person's thoughts and emotions. The people not being truly devoted to Yahweh is spoken of as if their hearts were far away from him. AT: "but they do not honor me in their thoughts" or "but they are not truly devoted to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Therefore, see, I will proceed to do a marvelous thing among this people, wonder after wonder ## +# Their honor for me is only a commandment of men that has been taught -AT: "Therefore, look and see! I am going to do something among you that you cannot explain" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They honor me only because that is what people tell them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The wisdom of their wise men will perish ## +# Therefore, see, I will proceed to do a marvelous thing among this people, wonder after wonder -AT: “What the wise men say will no longer be wise” +"Therefore, look and see! I am going to do wonderful and marvelous things among you that you will not be able to explain" -## the understanding of their prudent men will disappear ## +# The wisdom of their wise men will perish, and the understanding of their prudent men will disappear -AT: "the intelligence of the smart men no one will understand." \ No newline at end of file +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Yahweh showing that the wise people cannot understand or explain what Yahweh does is spoken of as if their wisdom and understanding will vanish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/15.md b/isa/29/15.md index ccc1235c4a..9ce80e9794 100644 --- a/isa/29/15.md +++ b/isa/29/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -14. +# General Information: -## who deeply hide their plans ## +This may be Isaiah speaking or it may continue Yahweh's speech in 29:13-14. -AT: “who completely hide their plans” +# who deeply hide their plans from Yahweh -## deeds are in darkness ## +People trying to make plans without Yahweh knowing about it is spoken of as if they hide their plans in a deep place where Yahweh cannot see. AT: "who try to hide their plans from Yahweh" or "who try to keep Yahweh from finding out what they are planning to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: “acts are done in secret” +# whose deeds are in darkness -## Who sees us, and who knows us? ## +It is implied that they are secretly doing evil things. AT: "who do evil things in the dark so no one can see them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "No one, not even Yahweh, sees us or knows what we are doing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Who sees us, and who knows us? + +They use a question to emphasize that they believe no one knows what they are doing. AT: "No one, not even Yahweh, sees us or knows what we are doing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/16.md b/isa/29/16.md index 0d59864ba1..1c98b973eb 100644 --- a/isa/29/16.md +++ b/isa/29/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## You turn things upside down ## +# You turn things upside down -AT: "You make things opposite of the way they should be" or “You distort the truth” +This is an idiom that means to distort what is true. AT: "You make things opposite of the way they should be" or "You distort the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Should the potter be considered like clay ## +# Should the potter be considered like clay, so that the thing that is made should say about him who made it ... "He does not understand"? -AT: "No one should think that the potter is the same as the clay." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh who created humans is spoken of as if he were a potter and humans were the clay. This metaphor emphasizes that it is foolish for humans to reject or criticize the one who created them. AT: "Should you consider me, your maker, to be like the clay rather than the potter? It is as if a potter created something, and that thing said about the potter, 'He did not make me,' or 'He does not understand.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## so that the thing that is made should say about him who made it, "He didn't make me" ## +# Should the potter be considered like clay ... "He does not understand"? -AT: "The thing that a person made should not say about the person, 'He did not make me.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## or the thing formed say about him who formed it, "He does not understand?" ## - -AT: "Nor should the thing that a person formed say about the person, 'He does not understand.'" \ No newline at end of file +This question is used to scold the people of Jerusalem. AT: "Obviously, the potter should not be considered like clay ... 'He does not understand.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/17.md b/isa/29/17.md index b4fe0f770e..c3b3ae9574 100644 --- a/isa/29/17.md +++ b/isa/29/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Lebanon will be turned into a field, and the field will become a forest ## +# Lebanon will be turned into a field, and the field will become a forest -AT: "God will turn the mighty trees of Lebanon into a field, and the new trees that grow in the field will become a forest." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this is literal and Yahweh will cause the places where trees grew wild in Lebanon to become fruitful fields or 2) this is a metaphor and the large forests of Lebanon represent powerful oppressors, and the crops that grow in the field and become a forest are the common people who are suffering. This means Yahweh will humble those who are powerful, but he will honor those who are suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the deaf will hear the words of a book, and the eyes of the blind will see out of the deep darkness ## +# Lebanon will be turned into a field -AT: "deaf people will be able to hear a person reading out loud from a book, and blind people will be able to see where there was only darkness before." +Here "Lebanon" represents the large cedar forests in Lebanon. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will turn the mighty forests of Lebanon into a field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The oppressed will again rejoice in Yahweh,and the poor among men will rejoice in the Holy One of Israel. ## +# the deaf will hear the words of a book, and the eyes of the blind will see out of the deep darkness -AT: "The oppressed people and the poor people will again be happy because of what Yahweh, the Holy One of Israel, has done." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) this is literal and Yahweh will cause deaf people to hear and blind people to see or 2) this is a metaphor that means Yahweh will enable the people to hear and understand his message or 3) it may mean both options 1 and 2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the eyes of the blind + +Here "eyes" represents the whole person. AT: "those who are blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The oppressed will again rejoice in Yahweh, and the poor among men will rejoice in the Holy One of Israel + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "The poor and oppressed people will again be happy because of what Yahweh, the Holy One of Israel, has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/20.md b/isa/29/20.md index 2da735f2b3..e93426c5e3 100644 --- a/isa/29/20.md +++ b/isa/29/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## For the ruthless will cease ## +# For the ruthless will cease -AT: "For there will no longer be cruel people" +The nominal adjective "the ruthless" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "For the ruthless people will cease" or "For there will no longer be cruel people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## and the scoffer will vanish ## +# the scoffer will vanish -AT: "and the people who mock will disappear" +The nominal adjective "the scoffer" can be stated as a verb. AT: "those who scoff will vanish" or "the people who mock will disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## All those who love to do evil will be eliminated ## +# All those who love to do evil will be eliminated -AT: "Yahweh will remove all those who love to do evil" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will eliminate all those who love to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## who by a word make a man out to be an offender ## +# who by a word make a man out to be an offender -AT: “who say that an innocent man is guilty of doing something wrong" +This refers to giving testimony in court against someone. AT: "who testify against a man and make him out to be an offender" or "who say in court that an innocent man is guilty of doing something wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## They lay a snare for him who seeks justice at the gate and put the righteous down with empty lies ## +# They lay a snare for him who seeks justice at the gate and put the righteous down with empty lies -AT: "They lie and try to stop those who want to do what is fair and right." \ No newline at end of file +The evil people doing anything they can to stop a good person is spoken of as if the evil people set a trap like a hunter catching his prey. AT: "They lie and try to stop those who want to do what is fair and right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who seeks justice at the gate + +The city gate was often the place where the city leaders made official decisions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/22.md b/isa/29/22.md index a7499af816..7b03e1598d 100644 --- a/isa/29/22.md +++ b/isa/29/22.md @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ -## Jacob will no longer ## +# the house of Jacob -This refers to all the descendants of Jacob. AT: "Jacob's descendants will no longer" or "The people of Israel will no longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "house" represents a family. AT: "the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## nor will his face be pale ## +# who redeemed Abraham -This expression means "nor will they be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This possibly refers to when Yahweh called Abraham from his home country and sent him to the promised land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## But when he sees his children in his midst, the work of my hands ## +# Jacob will no longer ... his face ... he sees his children -AT: "When they see all the children I have given them and all that I have done" +Here "Jacob" represents his descendants. AT: "Jacob's descendants will no longer ... their faces ... they see their children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## they will honor my name ## +# nor will his face be pale -AT: "They will honor me" or "They will honor my reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is an idiom that means they will no longer be afraid. AT: "nor will they be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Those who err in spirit ## +# But when he sees his children, the work of my hands -AT: "Those who are wrong in what they think" or "Those who are wrong in their attitude" +Here "hands" represents Yahweh's power and action. AT: "When they see all the children I have given them and all that I have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## will gain understanding ## +# they will make my name holy -AT: "will grow to understand God and his laws." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "they will honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## complainers will learn knowledge ## +# They will make holy the name of the Holy One of Jacob -AT: “those who complain will begin to know God's truth” \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" represents Yahweh. Yahweh refers to himself as "the Holy One of Jacob." AT: "They will honor me, the Holy One of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# of the God of Israel + +Yahweh refers to himself as "the God of Israel." AT: "of me, the God of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Those who err in spirit + +Here "spirit" represents a person's inner being. AT: "Those who are wrong in what they think" or "Those who are wrong in their attitude" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will gain understanding + +This can be made more explicit to explain what they will understand. AT: "will begin to understand Yahweh and his laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# complainers will learn knowledge + +This can be made more explicit to explain what knowledge they will learn. AT: "those who complain will begin to know that what Yahweh teaches them is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/29/intro.md b/isa/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..959abdb340 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Isaiah 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 29, which is an extended quotation. + +This chapter begins a series of "woes" against specific nations. It presents judgments against the kingdoms of Ephraim and eventually Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ariel ##### +This is another name for Jerusalem. It is an uncommon name. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecies ##### +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/01.md b/isa/30/01.md index b89e922e96..69e610361f 100644 --- a/isa/30/01.md +++ b/isa/30/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## the rebellious children ## +# the rebellious children -This refers to the people of Judah. +Yahweh speaks about his people as if they were his children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## declaration of Yahweh ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:21](../14/21.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## They make plans, but not from me; they make alliances with other nations, but they were not directed by my Spirit ## +# They make plans, but not from me -Both phrases mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. AT: “They make plans and ally with others but I do not approve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "plans" can be stated as the verb "plan." AT: "They plan to do things, but they do not ask me what I want them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## They seek protection from Pharaoh ## +# but they were not directed by my Spirit -AT: "They ask Pharaoh to protect them" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but my Spirit did not direct them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## take refuge in the shadow of Egypt ## +# they add sin to sin -This emphasizes that the people of Judah believed the army of Egypt would keep them safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Continuing to sin is spoken of as if sins were objects that could be stacked on one another. AT: "they continue to sin more and more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They seek protection from Pharaoh + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "protection" is expressed as the verb "protect." AT: "They ask Pharaoh to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# take refuge in the shadow of Egypt + +Egypt's protection from enemy armies is spoken of as if it were a shadow that protects someone from the burning heat of the sun. AT: "they rely on the Egyptians to keep them safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/03.md b/isa/30/03.md index 23aac87359..7298a379e4 100644 --- a/isa/30/03.md +++ b/isa/30/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Judah. -## Therefore Pharaoh's protection will be your shame, and the refuge in Egypt's shade, your humiliation ## +# Therefore Pharaoh's protection will be your shame, and the refuge in Egypt's shade, your humiliation -These clauses mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. AT: "Therefore you will be ashamed because you relied on Pharaoh to protect you; you will be humiliated because you took refuge in Egypt's shade." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns "protection," "shame," and "humiliation" are expressed as adjectives or verbs. AT: "Therefore you will be ashamed because you relied on Pharaoh to protect you; you will be humiliated because you relied on the Egyptians to keep you safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## their...They...them ## +# the refuge in Egypt's shade + +Egypt's protection from enemy armies is spoken of as if it were a shadow that protects someone from the burning heat of the sun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their princes + +Here "princes" mean an official or ambassador, not necessarily sons of the king. + +# their ... They ... them These words refer to the people of Judah. -## Zoan…Hanes ## +# Zoan ... Hanes These were cities in the northern part of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## because of a people ## +# have come to Hanes + +Here "come" can be stated as "gone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# because of a people "because of the people of Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/06.md b/isa/30/06.md index f46eabb6ec..57bbf4e205 100644 --- a/isa/30/06.md +++ b/isa/30/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + This continues God's declaration concerning the people of Judah. -## they carry their riches ## +# A declaration -"the people of Judah carry their riches” +"This is what Yahweh declares" -## I have called her Rahab, who sits still ## +# of the lioness and the lion, the viper and fiery flying serpent -There were popular stories about a sea monster named Rahab. The name Rahab means "strength" or "arrogance." AT: “I call Egypt a loud boaster who does nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to these types of animals in general. AT: "where lionesses and lions dwell, and where there are vipers and serpents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# fiery flying serpent + +Here the word "fiery" probably refers to the serpent's poisonous bite and the word "flying" refers to its quick movements. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:29](../14/28.md). + +# they carry their riches + +"the people of Judah carry their riches" + +# I have called her Rahab, who sits still + +There were popular stories about a sea monster named Rahab. The name Rahab means "strength" or "arrogance." AT: "I call Egypt a loud boaster who does nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/08.md b/isa/30/08.md index 90b8212bcf..6d61d2d135 100644 --- a/isa/30/08.md +++ b/isa/30/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Isaiah. -## Now ## +# Now This word is used here to mark a break in Yahweh's declaration about Judah. Here he tells Isaiah to do something. -## in their presence ## +# in their presence "in the presence of the people of Judah" -## lying children, children who will not hear the instruction of Yahweh. ## +# for the time to come -This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "They behave like children who lie and do not listen to what Yahweh commands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of time as if it travels and arrives somewhere. AT: "for a future time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lying children, children who will not hear the instruction of Yahweh + +This speaks of Yahweh's people as if they were his children. This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "They behave like children who lie and do not listen to what Yahweh commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/10.md b/isa/30/10.md index 88250f1c90..a94562e316 100644 --- a/isa/30/10.md +++ b/isa/30/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah. -## the Holy One of Israel ## +# Turn aside from the way, stray off the path -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file +How Yahweh wants his people to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which to walk. To disobey Yahweh is spoken of as if the person strays away from Yahweh's path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Holy One of Israel + +See how you translated this name in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/12.md b/isa/30/12.md index c0263e122b..74430aabf8 100644 --- a/isa/30/12.md +++ b/isa/30/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## Holy One of Israel ## +# Holy One of Israel -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). +See how you translated this name in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). -## so this sin will be to you like a broken part...in an instant ## +# you reject this word -This emphasizes that God will destroy the people of Judah suddenly because of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"you reject this message" -## like a broken part ready to fall ## +# trust in oppression and deceit and lean on it -"like a broken part of a wall that is ready to fall" +Possible meanings are 1) the leaders of Judah are trusting in the Egyptian leaders who rule by oppressing and deceiving others or 2) the leaders of Judah have oppressed and deceived their own people in order to take their money and send it to the Egyptians leaders as payment for protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## whose fall will happen suddenly, in an instant ## +# lean on it -"that will suddenly fall, in an instant" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "it" refers to "oppression and deceit." AT: "lean on them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# lean on + +This is an idiom that means to trust or rely on something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# so this sin will be to you like a broken part ... in an instant + +This simile means that God will destroy the people of Judah suddenly because of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like a broken part ready to fall + +It is understood that this is a broken part of a wall. AT: "like a broken part of a wall that is ready to fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# whose fall will happen suddenly + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "fall" is expressed as the verb "fall." AT: "that will suddenly fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# suddenly, in an instant + +These mean the same thing and emphasize how quickly the wall will fall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/14.md b/isa/30/14.md index 3af35debd0..87ebed7dea 100644 --- a/isa/30/14.md +++ b/isa/30/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -13]]) +# General Information: -## He will break it ## +Isaiah describes how Yahweh will destroy the people of Judah. (See: [Isaiah 30:12-13](./12.md)) -"Yahweh will break you" +# He will break it -## potter ## +Here "it" refers to the part in the wall that is about to fall. The part in the wall is a metaphor that represents the people of Judah and their sin mentioned in [Isaiah 30:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -a person who makes pots and jars out of clay +# as a potter's vessel is broken -## there will not be found ## +This simile means that the piece of wall will break as quickly and completely as a clay jar that falls to the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -AT: "no one will be able to find" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# potter -## fire from the hearth ## +A potter is a person who makes pots and jars out of clay. -The word "fire" here refers here to ashes. AT: "ashes from the fireplace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# there will not be found + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will be able to find" or "there will not be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a shard with which to scrape + +"a shard big enough to scrape" + +# fire from the hearth + +The word "fire" here refers here to ashes. AT: "ashes from the fireplace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/15.md b/isa/30/15.md index 85d7c9fa07..8f57b3dc47 100644 --- a/isa/30/15.md +++ b/isa/30/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Holy One of Israel ## +# Holy One of Israel -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). +See how you translated this name in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). -## In returning and resting you will be saved ## +# In returning and resting you will be saved -AT: "You will be saved if your return and rest" or "I will save you if you will return to me and rest in me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Repenting is spoken of as if it were physically returning to Yahweh. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will save you from your enemies if you will repent and rest knowing that I will take care of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in quietness and in trust will be your strength ## +# resting -"You will be strong if you are quiet and trust in me." Quietness here refers to not being anxious and worried. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that the people rest because they trust that Yahweh will take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in quietness and in trust will be your strength + +Quietness here refers to not being anxious and worried. It is implied that they are not worried because they trust in Yahweh. AT: "You will be strong if you are quiet and trust in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# we will flee on horses + +Apparently these are horses that the people of Judah received from the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/17.md b/isa/30/17.md index da8347b399..acd1a975ed 100644 --- a/isa/30/17.md +++ b/isa/30/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## One thousand ## +# One thousand will flee at the threat of one; at the threat of five you will flee + +The word "solider" is understood. AT: "One thousand soldiers will flee at the threat of one enemy soldier; at the threat of five enemy soldiers all of your soldiers will flee" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# One thousand "1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## until your remnant will be like a flagstaff on the top of a mountain, or like an flag on a hill ## +# until your remnant will be like a flagstaff on the top of a mountain, or like a flag on a hill -This emphasizes that very few people will remain in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This simile means there will be so few people left that they will be like a single flag on top of a hill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/18.md b/isa/30/18.md index 239225f964..528582e17f 100644 --- a/isa/30/18.md +++ b/isa/30/18.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. -## he will be exalted, ready ## +# you will ... to you ... answer you -Possible meanings are 1) “he is great because he is ready” or 2) “he will rise and be ready” \ No newline at end of file +Here "you" refers to the people who will live in Zion. + +# he will answer you + +"he will help you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/20.md b/isa/30/20.md index 479bcf990b..d013618a22 100644 --- a/isa/30/20.md +++ b/isa/30/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. -## the bread of adversity and the water of affliction ## +# the bread of adversity and the water of affliction -"bread" and "water" is the diet of a very poor person. The whole phrase refers to the hard times and poverty of the people. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "bread" and "water" make up the diet of a very poor person. The whole phrase represents the hard times and poverty of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Your ears will hear a word behind you ## +# your teacher -AT: "You will hear him speaking behind you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Yahweh. + +# you will see your teacher with your own eyes + +Here "eyes" represents the whole person. AT: "you yourselves will see your teacher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Your ears will hear + +Here "ears" represents the whole person. AT: "You will hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a word behind you saying + +"him speaking behind you saying" + +# This is the way, walk in it + +How Yahweh wants his people to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path. To obey Yahweh is spoken of as if it were a person walking on his path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when you turn to the right or when you turn to the left + +Disobeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person turned left or right off of Yahweh's path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/22.md b/isa/30/22.md index ab5dcc5dc1..6277da335b 100644 --- a/isa/30/22.md +++ b/isa/30/22.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. + +# You will throw them away like a menstrual rag + +This simile means they will throw away their idols like they were garbage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# You will say to them, "Get out of here." + +This speaks of the idols as if they could hear and get up and leave a place. Yahweh means that the people will no longer need or want the idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/23.md b/isa/30/23.md index 5089726222..2ca73ffb41 100644 --- a/isa/30/23.md +++ b/isa/30/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. -## He will give ## +# He will give "Yahweh will give" -## that has been winnowed with a shovel and a fork ## +# bread with abundance from the ground -These are tools used to separate the grain from the chaff. AT: "that you have winnowed with a shovel and a pitchfork." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "bread" represents food in general. AT: "he will cause the ground to produce plenty of food for you to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# In that day + +"At that time" + +# that has been winnowed with a shovel and a fork + +Shovels and forks were used to throw the grain in the air so the wind would blow away the chaff, leaving only the part that could be eaten. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you have winnowed with a shovel and a pitchfork" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/25.md b/isa/30/25.md index d65e6b298a..75b459b67e 100644 --- a/isa/30/25.md +++ b/isa/30/25.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. -## every high hill ... every high hill ## +# On every high mountain ... sunlight of seven days -The similar phrases emphasize that this will happen everywhere. +Isaiah describes what will be an ideal situation after Yahweh rescues his people. Although the language may be exaggerated, you should translate this just as Isaiah described it. -## flowing brooks ... streams of water ## - -The similar phrases emphasize that water will flow abundantly. - -## in the day of the great slaughter when the towers fall ## +# in the day of the great slaughter when the towers fall "when Yahweh slaughters your enemies and causes their strong towers to fall" -## The light of the moon will be like the light of the sun ## +# in the day -AT: "The moon will become as bright as the sun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"at the time" -## the light of the sun will be seven times brighter, like the sunlight of seven days ## +# the light of the sun will be seven times brighter, like the sunlight of seven days -AT: "the sun will shine as bright as seven suns" or "the sun will give as much light in one day as it normally does in seven days" \ No newline at end of file +"the sun will shine as bright as seven suns" or "the sun will give as much light in one day as it normally does in seven days" + +# Yahweh will bind up the breaking of his people and heal the bruises of his wounding them + +Yahweh comforting his people and causing their suffering to end is spoken of as if he would put bandages on their wounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/27.md b/isa/30/27.md index 0f9484fa63..cd73125ba1 100644 --- a/isa/30/27.md +++ b/isa/30/27.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## the name of Yahweh ## +# the name of Yahweh ... like a devouring fire -The word "name" here refers to his reputation or power. AT: "the reputation of Yahweh" or "the power of Yahweh" or "Yahweh is coming powerfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh being extremely angry is spoken of as if he were a large fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## burning with his anger and in dense smoke ## +# the name of Yahweh comes -Yahweh's anger is compared to fire to emphasize its power to destroy. The "dense smoke" comes from the fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh comes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## His lips are full of fury, and his tongue is like a devouring fire ## +# His lips are full of fury, and his tongue is like a devouring fire -Isaiah compares Yahweh's anger to fire. AT: "When he speaks his words are full of fury and they destroy like a fire." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "lips" and "tongue" are metonyms that represent Yahweh speaking. And, Yahweh speaks with so much anger and power that it is spoken of as if his tongue were a fire. AT: "When he speaks his fury is like a fire that destroys everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## His breath is like an overflowing torrent ## +# His breath is like an overflowing torrent -This compares the air coming out of Yahweh's mouth to a flood to emphasize its power to destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This compares the air coming out of Yahweh's mouth to a flood to emphasize its power to destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## to sift the nations with the sieve of destruction ## +# to sift the nations with the sieve of destruction -This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: “Yahweh will separate and destroy the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh separating the people of the nations and destroying the wicked people is spoken of as if Yahweh puts the nations in a sieve. This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "Yahweh will separate and destroy the wicked people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a bridle ## +# His breath is a bridle in the jaws of the peoples to cause them to wander away -a device that people put in a horse's mouth in order to guide it \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh having the power to cause people's plans to fail or causing them to be destroyed is spoken of as if his breath were a bridle that steers people off the correct path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a bridle in the jaws of the peoples + +A "bridle" is a device that people put over a horse's head to guide it. The bridle contains a small piece called a "bit" that goes in the horse's mouth. AT: "a bridle on the heads of the peoples" or "a bit in the jaws of the peoples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/29.md b/isa/30/29.md index 11cfc27954..e7d2b5a7b7 100644 --- a/isa/30/29.md +++ b/isa/30/29.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. -## when a holy feast is observed ## +# You will have a song -AT: "when you observe a holy feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be reworded so the noun "song" is stated as a verb. AT: "You will sing" -## and gladness of heart ## +# as in the night when a holy feast is observed -"and you will be glad" +This simile emphasizes how happy the people will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## flute ## +# when a holy feast is observed -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:11](../05/11.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when you observe a holy feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to the Rock of Israel ## +# gladness of heart -This refers to Yahweh and compares him to a rock because he protects his people. AT: "Israel's protective rock" or "who is like a protective rock for Israel." \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" represents a person's inner being. AT: "you will be glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as when one goes ... Rock of Israel + +This simile emphasizes how happy the people will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# to the Rock of Israel + +Yahweh having the power to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a rock on which the people could climb and escape from enemies. AT: "to Israel's protective rock" or "which is like a protective rock for Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/30.md b/isa/30/30.md index 388d9a3550..0fde0639c1 100644 --- a/isa/30/30.md +++ b/isa/30/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## show the motion of his arm ## +# show the motion of his arm -AT: "show his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "arm" represents the power of God. It is implied that Yahweh will show his power by destroying his people's enemies. AT: "show that he is powerful by destroying your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## in storming anger and flames of fire ## +# in storming anger and flames of fire -AT: "in anger that is like a storm and flames of fire" or "in great anger" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were a storm or a fire. AT: "in anger that is like a storm and flames of fire" or "in great anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## with windstorm, rainstorm, and hailstones ## +# with windstorm, rainstorm, and hailstones "with storms full of wind, rain, and hail" -## hailstones ## +# hailstones hard pieces of ice that fall from the sky like rain \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/31.md b/isa/30/31.md index 0e70a60cdb..71a04ac0af 100644 --- a/isa/30/31.md +++ b/isa/30/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## For at the voice of Yahweh, Assyria will be shattered ## +# For at the voice of Yahweh, Assyria will be shattered -AT: "For Yahweh will shatter the people of Assyria with his voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For when Yahweh speaks he will shatter the soldiers of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## will be accompanied ## +# Assyria will be shattered -AT: "the people of Judah will accompany it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Isaiah speaks of Assyria's fear as if Assyria is an object that Yahweh's voice shatters. AT: "Assyria will be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## tambourines and harps ## +# Assyria -See how you translated these in [Isaiah 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here this represents the soldiers of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Every stroke of the appointed rod that Yahweh will lay on them + +Yahweh causing an army to defeat the Assyrians is spoken of as if Yahweh would hit the Assyrians with a rod. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will be accompanied + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people of Judah will accompany it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# tambourines + +This is a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:12](../05/11.md). + +# he battles and fights with them + +Yahweh causing the enemy army to defeat the Assyrians is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight along with the enemy army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/33.md b/isa/30/33.md index 4782435d38..cce03c9d0d 100644 --- a/isa/30/33.md +++ b/isa/30/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## For a place of burning was prepared long ago ## +# For a place of burning was prepared long ago -The name "Topheth" means "a place of burning." AT: "For long ago Yahweh prepared a place for burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For long ago Yahweh prepared a place for burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## it is prepared for the king ## +# a place of burning -AT: "Yahweh prepared it for the king of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This phrase is the meaning of the word "Topheth." Topheth is a place in the Hinnom Valley, south of Jerusalem, where at one time people burned their children as sacrifices to a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The breath of Yahweh, like a stream of brimstone, will kindle it ## +# it is prepared for the king -This compares the breath of Yahweh's mouth to a river of fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that this refers to the king of Assyria. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh prepared it for the king of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The pile is ready with a fire and much wood + +"The pile is ready with much wood to make a fire" + +# The breath of Yahweh, like a stream of brimstone, will set it on fire + +This speaks of Yahweh's breath as if it were a river of fire that will set the pile on fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/30/intro.md b/isa/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..786c727682 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Isaiah 30 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 30, which is an extended quotation. + +This chapter continues the series of "woes" against specific nations. It presents judgments against the people of Ephraim and Judah when they desired to make an alliance with Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +== Negev== +This is an area between Egypt and Judah. The people would have had to travel though it in order to get to Egypt. No one really lived in this area and it was known to be very dangerous. + +##### Trust ##### +The people were to trust in Yahweh. Only he could provide them with protection. The people were punished for their lack of trust when they were in trouble, but Yahweh only required that they trust him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "That day" ##### +This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. The chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/31/01.md b/isa/31/01.md index b29ba5d9cc..5591d5a2b6 100644 --- a/isa/31/01.md +++ b/isa/31/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## those who go down ## +# General Information: + +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah. + +# go down to Egypt + +The phrase "go down" is used here because Egypt is lower in Elevation than Jerusalem. + +# those who go down "those people of Judah who go down" -## lean on horses ## +# lean on horses -"rely on their horses" +This speaks about people relying on their horses to help them as if they were leaning on their horses. AT: "rely on their horses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Holy One of Israel ## +# Holy One of Israel -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). +See how you translated this name in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). -## seek Yahweh ## +# nor do they seek Yahweh -"ask Yahweh to help them" +"nor do they ask Yahweh to help them" -## will not retract his words ## +# he will bring disaster -"he will do what he said he would do" +Here the word "bring" means to "cause." AT: "he will cause disasters to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## arise against ## +# will not retract his words + +The phrase "retract his words" speaks of a person not fulfilling what they said they will do as if the words that he had said were something that he could pull back to himself. Here it says that Yahweh will not do this, meaning he will fulfill what he has said. AT: "he will do what he said he would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# arise against "punish" -## evil house ## +# evil house -all who do evil things (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to evil people who live there. AT: "all who do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/31/03.md b/isa/31/03.md index 672ab87229..31be5fc71e 100644 --- a/isa/31/03.md +++ b/isa/31/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## When Yahweh reaches out with his hand ## +# Egypt is a man -The term “hand” is often used in reference to God's power and action. AT: "When Yahweh uses his power against them." +Here Egypt refers to the soldiers of Egypt. AT: "The soldiers of Egypt are men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## both the one who helps will stumble, and the one who is helped will fall ## +# their horses flesh and not spirit -"these two things will happen: I will destroy Egypt, who helps you, and I will destroy you, whom Egypt helps" +This means that their horses are only horses and not spiritual beings. AT: "their horses are only horses; they are not powerful spirits!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the one who is helped ## +# When Yahweh reaches out with his hand -AT: “the one who is seeking help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The term "hand" is often used in reference to God's power and action. AT: "When Yahweh uses his power against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# both the one who helps will stumble, and the one who is helped will fall + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Stumbling and falling are metaphors of failing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "these two things will happen: I will destroy Egypt, who helps you, and I will destroy you, whom Egypt helps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the one who is helped + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one who is seeking help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/31/04.md b/isa/31/04.md index ed91d69a53..187e76c200 100644 --- a/isa/31/04.md +++ b/isa/31/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh speaks to Isaiah. -## As a young lion… that hill ## +# As a lion ... thus Yahweh of hosts -Yahweh will defend those people who belong to him, and no one can scare him away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"A lion ... in the same way Yahweh of hosts." Here Yahweh speaks of how he will defend the people who belong to him and not be scared away by comparing himself to a lion who guards it's prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## thus Yahweh of hosts will descend…that hill ## +# thus Yahweh of hosts will descend ... that hill -It may be more clear if you move the last line to before the first line: “Yahweh of hosts will descend to fight on Mount Zion, on that hill, as a lion, even a young lion…” +It may be more clear if you move the last line to before the first line: "Yahweh of hosts will descend to fight on Mount Zion, on that hill, as a lion, even a young lion" -## lion, even a young lion ## +# a lion, even a young lion -"female lion or killer lion." You may need to translate as one word, "lion." +"a female lion or killer lion." This is a doublet with both phrase referring to a fierce lion. AT: "a lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## growls ## +# growls warns others to stay away -## when a group of shepherds is called out against it ## +# when a group of shepherds is called out against it -AT: "when someone sends shepherds to stop the lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "called out against it" means to be sent out to chase the lion away. This can be stated in active form. AT: "when someone sends shepherds to chase the lion away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from their sound + +The shepherds would make loud noises to try and chase away the lion. AT: "from the loud noises that they make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will descend + +"will come down." This refers to descending from heaven. AT: "will come down from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# on Mount Zion, on that hill + +Both of the phrases refer to Mount Zion. AT: "on Mount Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/31/05.md b/isa/31/05.md index 993f002a27..a501c8a3bd 100644 --- a/isa/31/05.md +++ b/isa/31/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# Like birds in flight, so Yahweh of hosts will protect Jerusalem -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). +Here the way that Yahweh protects Jerusalem is compared to the way that a mother bird protects her baby birds in their nest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Jerusalem ## +# he will protect and rescue as he passes over it and preserves it -"the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This speaks of how Yahweh protects and rescues Jerusalem, describing him as a bird that flies over the city. AT: "he will protect and rescue the city from it's enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Return to him from whom you have deeply turned away ## +# Yahweh of hosts + +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# Jerusalem + +This refers to the people who live there. AT: "the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Return to him from whom you have deeply turned away "Return to the one against whom you have rebelled" -## that your own hands have sinfully made ## +# that your own hands have sinfully made -"that you have made with your own hands. Making them was a sin against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the people are referred to by their "hands" the emphasize that they made something with their hands. AT: "that you have sinned by making with you own hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/31/08.md b/isa/31/08.md index ffe4ddb1bd..c614fc0922 100644 --- a/isa/31/08.md +++ b/isa/31/08.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the Israelites, referring to the Assyrians as though they are one person. +# General Information: -## Assyria will fall by the sword, a sword not wielded by man will consume him ## +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Judah, referring to the Assyrians as though they are one person. -AT: "God's sword, and not a man's sword, will destroy the Assyrian army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Assyria will fall by the sword; a sword not wielded by man will consume him -## he will flee ## +"Sword" refers to military might. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God's sword, and not a man's sword, will destroy the Assyrian army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"the Assyrians will flee" +# He will flee -## and his young men will be forced to do hard labor ## +"The Assyrians will flee" -AT: "and enemies will capture their young men and force them to do hard labor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# They will lose all confidence because of terror -## and his princes ## +The word "confidence" can be expressed with the adjective "confident." The word "terror" can be expressed with the adjective "terrified." AT: "They will no longer be confident because they are so terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"and their leaders" +# his young men will be forced to do hard labor -## at the Yahweh's battle flag ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "enemies will capture their young men and force them to do hard labor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"when they see the flag of Yahweh's army." See how you translated "flag" in [Isaiah 5:26](../05/26.md). +# his princes -## declaration of Yahweh ## +"their leaders" -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:21](../14/21.md). +# at the sight of Yahweh's battle flag -## whose fire is in Zion and whose firepot is in Jerusalem ## +The word "sight" can be expressed with the verb "see." AT: "when they see the flag of Yahweh's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -Both of these clauses mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. Here fire and firepot refer to God's presence and his power to judge and destroy. AT: "whose powerful presence is in Zion." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# whose fire is in Zion and whose firepot is in Jerusalem + +Both of these clauses mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. Here God's presence and his power to judge and destroy are spoken of as if they were a fire. AT: "whose powerful presence is in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/31/intro.md b/isa/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1d3afd7d2b --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Isaiah 31 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 31:1-5, 8-9, which are extended quotations. + +This chapter continues the series of "woes" against specific nations. It presents judgments against the people of Ephraim and Judah when they desired to make an alliance with Egypt. It also prophesies the destruction of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +The people were to trust in Yahweh. Only he could provide them with protection. They were punished for their lack of trust when they were in trouble, but Yahweh only required that they trust him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "That day" ##### +This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +##### Israel ##### +The use of the term "Israel" in this chapter is in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel exclusively. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/01.md b/isa/32/01.md index 16dd77e8d6..49c4b498b4 100644 --- a/isa/32/01.md +++ b/isa/32/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Each one will be like a shelter from the wind and a refuge from the storm ## +# Look -This compares the king and princes who protect the people to a shelter. AT: "the rulers will provide protection for the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This word is used here to draw peoples' attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" -## like streams of water in a dry place ## +# Each one will be like a shelter from the wind and a refuge from the storm -This adds another comparison showing that the rulers will provide for the needs of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This compares the king and princes who protect the people to a shelter. AT: "the rulers will protect the people like a shelter does in a storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like the shade of a great rock in a land of weariness ## +# like streams of water in a dry place -This adds another comparison showing that the rulers will provide comfort and rest for the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This is another comparison that means that the rulers will provide for the needs of the people. AT: "they will provide for the people like streams of water in a dry place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Then the eyes...attentively ## +# like the shade of a great rock in a land of weariness -Both of these phrases emphasize that the leaders will enable the people to understand God's truth.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is another comparison that means that the rulers will provide comfort and rest for the people. AT: "they will provide rest for the people like a huge rock gives shade to weary people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Then the eyes ... attentively + +Both of these phrases emphasize that the leaders will enable the people to understand God's truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will not be dim + +"will see clearly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/04.md b/isa/32/04.md index 1b43253286..5a0c92eaf1 100644 --- a/isa/32/04.md +++ b/isa/32/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ -3]]) +# General Information: -## the fool will no longer be called honorable ## +Isaiah continues describing the people after God restores righteous rulers in Judah. (See: [Isaiah 32:1-3](./01.md)) -AT: "No one will give honor to the fool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# The rash ... the stutterer -## nor the deceiver called principled ## +This refers to people who act rashly and people who stutter. AT: "The rash person ... the stuttering person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -AT: "nor will anyone show respect to the person who deceives" \ No newline at end of file +# The fool will no longer be called honorable + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will give honor to the fool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For the fool speaks folly, and his heart plans evil + +"The fool" refers to foolish people. Also, "folly" and "evil" may be expressed as adjectives. AT: "For the foolish person says foolish things and his heart plans evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his heart plans evil + +Here the foolish person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his inner thoughts. AT: "he plans evil things in his heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# nor the deceiver called principled + +This can be stated in active form. "The deceiver" refers to a person who is deceptive. AT: "nor will anyone show respect to the person who deceives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# He makes + +The word "he" refers to the foolish person. + +# the hungry empty + +"The hungry" refers to hungry people. They are hungry because they have empty stomachs. AT: "the hungry person have an empty stomach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the thirsty he causes to lack drink + +"The thirsty" refers to people who are thirsty. AT: "he causes the thirsty person to have nothing to drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/07.md b/isa/32/07.md index 69fe983486..82e0511b0a 100644 --- a/isa/32/07.md +++ b/isa/32/07.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# The deceiver's + +This refers to a person who deceives others. AT: "The deceptive person's" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# to ruin the poor with lies + +"The poor" refers to poor people. Also, the phrase "to ruin" does not means to kill them but to harm them by telling lies about them. AT: "to harm the poor people by telling lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# he will stand + +This means that he will be successful. AT: "he will be successful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/09.md b/isa/32/09.md index 0e21e757f1..52228ba1f7 100644 --- a/isa/32/09.md +++ b/isa/32/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Rise up ## +# Rise up "Stand up" or "Pay attention" -## my voice ## +# at ease -The word "my" refers to Isaiah. +"secure" or "carefree" -## your confidence will be broken ## +# my voice -AT: "you will no longer be confident" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Isaiah refers to himself by his voice to emphasize what he says. AT: "me speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the ingathering will not come ## +# your confidence will be broken -AT: "the time for gathering crops will not happen" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. Also, Isaiah speaks of them no longer being confident as if their confidence were a physical object that is broken. AT: "you will no longer be confident" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the grape harvest will fail + +This means that there would not be good grapes to harvest. AT: "there will be no grapes for you to harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the ingathering will not come + +"the time for gathering crops will not happen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/11.md b/isa/32/11.md index 68ecce2a12..94e79b49f8 100644 --- a/isa/32/11.md +++ b/isa/32/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking. -## tremble ## +# Tremble "Shake from fear" -## you will wail ## +# at ease -"you will cry out loudly and grieve" +"secure" or "carefree" -## thorns and briers ## +# take off your fine clothes and make yourselves bare -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:5](../05/05.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "bare" does not necessarily mean naked, but to wear minimal covering such as undergarments. AT: "take off you fine clothes and make yourself unclothed" or "take off your fancy clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# put on sackcloth around your waists + +This is an act of grieving or mourning. AT: "put sackcloth around waists as you grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# You will wail for the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vines + +This means that they will cry out loudly as they grieve what happens to their fruitful fields and vines. AT: "You will wail because of what happens to your pleasant fields and fruitful vines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# thorns and briers + +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 5:6](../05/05.md). + +# the once joyful houses + +Here the houses are described as joyful because of the joyful people in them. AT: "your houses where you were once joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the city of revelry + +"your joyful city." The word "revelry" means celebrating and partying. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/14.md b/isa/32/14.md index 9f30092a03..0674e6228f 100644 --- a/isa/32/14.md +++ b/isa/32/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking. -## For the palace will be forsaken, the crowded city will be deserted ## +# For the palace will be forsaken, the crowded city will be deserted -AT: "For the people will abandon the palace and the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For the people will forsake the palace and the crowds will abandon the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the hill ## +# the hill -Here this means a fort on a hill. +This refers to the fort built on the top of the hill. AT: "the fort on the hill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## forever ## +# the hill and the watchtower will become caves -"an extremely long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This speaks of the fort and the watchtower being abandoned as if they became caves. AT: "the hill and the watchtower will become abandoned and empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## until the Spirit is poured on us from on high ## +# a joy of wild donkeys, a pasture of flocks -AT: "until Yahweh pours the Spirit on us from heaven" \ No newline at end of file +This means the these animals will enjoy the grass that grows among the abandon fort and watchtower. AT: "the wild donkeys and the flocks of sheep will eat the grass there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# forever + +This is an exaggeration for a very long time. AT: "an extremely long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# until the Spirit is poured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until Yahweh pours the Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Spirit is poured on us + +This speaks of Yahweh giving him Spirit to his people as if his Spirit were a liquid that he would pour on them. AT: "the Spirit is given to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from on high + +Here heaven is referred to as "on high." AT: "from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the fruitful field is considered as a forest + +This can be written in active form. This compares how overly bountiful the fruitful fields are by comparing them to a thick, dense forest. AT: "people will say that the fruitful fields have grown thick like a forest" or "the fruitful fields will be overly bountiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/16.md b/isa/32/16.md index 0e427a84ed..335ea54e3a 100644 --- a/isa/32/16.md +++ b/isa/32/16.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking. -## justice will reside...righteousness will live ## +# justice will reside ... righteousness will live -Isaiah describes "justice" and "righteousness" as a person who lives in these places. This means the people who live in these places will do what is just and right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Isaiah describes "justice" and "righteousness" as a person who lives in these places. This means the people who live in these places will do what is just and right. AT: "people will act justly in the wilderness and people will act righteously in the fertile fields (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The work of righteousness will be peace; and the result of righteousness, quietness and confidence forever + +These two phrases are parallel and both give results of righteousness. These can be combined. AT: "The result of people acting righteously is that there will be peace, and quietness, and confidence forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# habitation + +"place" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/19.md b/isa/32/19.md index e6583fc722..ee9e7dcc00 100644 --- a/isa/32/19.md +++ b/isa/32/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## But it will hail when the forest is destroyed, and the city will be completely annihilated ## +# hails -See how you translated "hail" in [Isaiah 28:17](../28/17.md). AT: "But hail will completely destroy the forest and the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:2](../28/01.md). + +# the forest is destroyed, and the city is completely annihilated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it destroys the forest and completely destroys the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you who sow beside all the streams will be blessed, you who send out your ox and donkey to graze + +This can be stated in active form. This refers to Yahweh blessing all of his people and speaks of the things that are normal for his people to do. AT: "Yahweh will bless you, as you plant your crops in fields alongside the streams and as you send out your ox and donkey to graze in the pasture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/32/intro.md b/isa/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f9c880b221 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Isaiah 32 General Notes # + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Reign of the Messiah ##### +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/01.md b/isa/33/01.md index 39d29de8fe..f22bfe2cce 100644 --- a/isa/33/01.md +++ b/isa/33/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah speaks in poetry for Yahweh to the Assyrians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## who has not been destroyed ## +# who has not been destroyed -AT: "whom others have not destroyed" [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom others have not destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you will be destroyed ## +# you will be destroyed -AT: "others will destroy you" (See: UDB) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "others will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will betray + +"others will betray" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/02.md b/isa/33/02.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ee8fa60633 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/33/02.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# be our arm + +Here Yahweh's arm refers to his strength. This speaks of Yahweh strengthening them as if Yahweh would use his strength to act for them. AT: "give us strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# every morning + +This refers to the whole day, not just the morning. AT: "every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# our salvation + +This understood verb "be" may be supplied. Also, the word "salvation" may be expressed with the verb "save." AT: "be our salvation" or "save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in the time of trouble + +This refers to the times when they are experiencing trouble. AT: ""when we have troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/03.md b/isa/33/03.md index 2153dba99a..f042fa2134 100644 --- a/isa/33/03.md +++ b/isa/33/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## arise ## +# At the loud noise the peoples flee -"begin acting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Possible meanings of "the loud noise" are 1) it refers to Yahweh's voice. AT: "The peoples flee at the sound of your loud voice" or 2) it refers the loud sounds of Yahweh's army. AT: "The people flee at the sound of your army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Your spoil is gathered as the locusts gather ## +# arise -This can mean 1) God's people will take plunder from their enemies, specifically the Assyrians (see UDB), or 2) God's people will take the plunder that Assyrians have taken from others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This means to begin doing something. AT: "begin acting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## gather ## +# the nations are scattered -"gather food" +This can be written in active form. AT: "the nations scatter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## as locusts leap ## +# Your spoil is gathered as the locusts gather; as locusts leap, men leap on it -The locusts see food and jump to get it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This compares how quick and eager Yahweh's people are when they gather the spoils from their enemies to the eagerness of locusts when they gather food. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Your people gather spoils from your enemies with the same fierceness as the locusts have who devour green plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/05.md b/isa/33/05.md index 11718894f7..be891f43e9 100644 --- a/isa/33/05.md +++ b/isa/33/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Isaiah speaks to the people of Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## He will be the stability in your times ## +Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah. -"He will make you secure all your lives" +# Yahweh is exalted -## abundance of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh is greater than anyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"he will save you and give you an abundance of wisdom and knowledge" +# He will fill Zion with justice and righteousness -## the fear of Yahweh is his treasure ## +This speaks of Yahweh ruling Zion with his justice and righteousness as if he were filling Zion with justice and righteousness. AT: "He will rule Zion with justice and righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -If the people fear Yahweh, he will be like valuable treasure to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# He will be the stability in your times + +This speaks of Yahweh causing his people to be secure as if he were the stability himself. The phrase "your times" refers to their lives. AT: "He will make you secure all your lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# abundance of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge + +This refers to the things that Yahweh will give to them. The abstract noun "salvation" can be expressed with the verb "save." The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "knowledge" can be expressed with adjectives. AT: "and he will give you an abundance of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge" or "he will save you and cause you to be very wise and knowledgeable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the fear of Yahweh is his treasure + +This speaks of fearing Yahweh as if it were a treasure that Yahweh gives his people. AT: "revering Yahweh will be like a valuable treasure that he will give to you" or "to fear Yahweh will be as valuable to you as a treasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/07.md b/isa/33/07.md index 6d590f27a2..85b157e303 100644 --- a/isa/33/07.md +++ b/isa/33/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Look ## +# Look -This marks a new section in the book. It also adds emphasis to what follows. +This word is used here to draw peoples' attention to what is said next. It is also used here to mark a new section in the book. AT: "Listen" -## their envoys cry ## +# envoys -UDB understands that Isaiah includes himself among the people of Jerusalem, whose envoys cry. +"messengers" -## treaties ## +# the diplomats hoping for peace weep bitterly -agreements between governments \ No newline at end of file +This means they weep because they do not succeed in making peace. AT: "the diplomats hope for peace but they do not succeed and so they weep bitterly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The highways are deserted; there are no more travelers + +Both of the phrases emphasize that there are no travelers on the highways. These can be combined and stated in active form. AT: "People no longer travel on the highways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Covenants are broken, witnesses are despised, and mankind is not respected + +This passage may refer to general conditions of corruption in Israel, or it may refer to the nation's inability to make reliable peace treaties with Assyria. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People break covenants that they have made, people ignore the testimony of witnesses, and people do not respect one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/09.md b/isa/33/09.md index 6cabde57f3..e48667bee7 100644 --- a/isa/33/09.md +++ b/isa/33/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## mourns and withers away ## +# The land mourns and withers away -like a person who is very sad and has lost hope (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This speaks of the land becoming dry as if it were a person mourning. AT: "The land becomes dry and its plants wither away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Lebanon ## +# Lebanon is ashamed and withers away -a place known for its strong trees +Here "Lebanon" represents Lebanon's trees. This speaks of the trees withering and decaying as if they were a person who is ashamed. AT: "Lebanon's trees wither and decay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## is confounded and withers away ## +# Sharon ... Bashan ... Carmel -like a person who is ashamed +Many trees and flowers once grew in these places. -## Sharon...Bashan...Carmel ## +# Sharon is like a desert plain -regions where many flowers and trees once grew \ No newline at end of file +This compares how dry Sharon is to a desert plain. AT: "Sharon is as dry as a desert plain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Bashan and Carmel shake off their leaves + +Here Bashan and Carmel are represented by their trees. AT: "there are no more leaves on the trees in Bashan and Carmel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/10.md b/isa/33/10.md index 4db0e7a930..3e5b7f6fcd 100644 --- a/isa/33/10.md +++ b/isa/33/10.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## "Now will I arise," says Yahweh; "now I will be lifted up; now I will be exalted. ## +# arise -See the way you translated something similar in 6:1, 52:13, and 57:15. +"stand." Here this word means to begin doing something. In this case Yahweh is now exalting himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## arise ## +# now I will be lifted up; now I will be elevated -begin acting (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. These two phrases have basically the same meaning and emphasize Yahweh being exalted. AT: "now I will exalt myself and show that I deserve for everyone to honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## You conceive chaff, you give birth to stubble ## +# You conceive chaff, and you give birth to stubble -The Assyrians making plans are like a woman becoming pregnant, and their actions a baby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of the Assyrians making plans as if they were conceiving and giving birth to their plans as a mother gives birth to a baby. This speaks of their plans being useless by comparing them to chaff. AT: "You make plans that are as useless as chaff and straw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you give birth to stubble ## +# stubble -"your actions are like straw" +"straw" -## your breath is a fire that will consume you ## +# your breath is a fire that will consume you -The plans that the Assyrians make will destroy the Assyrians. +Here the Assyrians' plans are referred to as their "breath." This speaks of their plans causing them to die as if their plans would literally burn up their bodies. AT: "your plans will cause you to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The peoples will be burned to lime, as thorn bushes cut down that are burned in the fire ## +# The peoples will be burned to lime, as thornbushes are cut down and are burned -AT: "The fire will burn the peoples to lime just like a farmer cuts down thorn bushes and burns them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This compares how the peoples' dead bodies will be burned to the way thornbushes are burned. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "Fire will burn the peoples' bodies to lime in the same way that a farmer cuts down thornbushes and burns them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## lime ## +# lime the ashes from burned bones \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/13.md b/isa/33/13.md index 9e9819b2cc..21b9f14b38 100644 --- a/isa/33/13.md +++ b/isa/33/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak. -## You who are far away, hear what I have done; and, you who are near, acknowledge my might ## +# You who are far away, hear what I have done; and, you who are near, acknowledge my might -Yahweh uses the words "far away" and "near" to mean all people. "All people everywhere listen to what I have done and admit that I am mighty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Yahweh uses the words "far away" and "near" to mean all people. The word "might" can be expressed with the adjective "mighty." AT: "All people everywhere hear what I have done and acknowledge that I am mighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## sojourn ## +# trembling has seized the godless ones + +This speaks of the godless people trembling as if their trembling were an enemy that had seized them. AT: "the godless ones are overwhelmed with trembling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Who among us ... burnings + +It is implied that the sinner in Zion ask these questions. AT: "They say, 'Who among us ... burnings'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Who among us can sojourn with a raging fire? Who among us can sojourn with everlasting burnings? + +These rhetorial questions have basically the same meaning and emphasize that no one can live with fire. Here fire represents Yahweh's judgment. AT: "No one can live with raging fire! No one can live with everylasting burns!" or "No one can live bearing Yahweh's judgment, it is like an everlasting fire!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sojourn live in a place that is not one's home \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/15.md b/isa/33/15.md index f8d67fa016..267dadf1cb 100644 --- a/isa/33/15.md +++ b/isa/33/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## He who walks righteously and speaks honestly ## +# He who walks -"Whoever does what is right and speaks what is true" +Here walking refers to living. AT: "He who lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he who despises the gain of oppression ## +# he who despises the gain of oppression -"whoever hates the riches that come from harming other people" +The noun phrase "the gain of oppression" can be expressed as a verb phrase. AT: "he who hates the riches that come from harming other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## and does not look on evil ## +# does not look on evil -AT: "and does not join those who do what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "look on" means to approve of something. AT: "who do not approve of doing evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## He will make his home on the heights ## +# he will make his home on the heights; his place of defense will be the fortresses of rocks -"He will make his home high in the mountains where it is safe" or "He will make his home in safe places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the man being safe as if he lived in a home on a high hill. These two phrase are parallel and the second phrase describes the place where the man lives. AT: "he will be safe, like a man who home is built on a high hill, in a rocky place that is easy to defend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the heights + +This refers to a high hill or mountainside. AT: "the high hill" or "the mountainside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the fortresses of rocks + +This speaks of rocky areas that are easy to defend as if they were actually fortresses. AT: "the large piles of rocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will be in steady supply + +"will always be available" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/17.md b/isa/33/17.md index cdeede2bbc..fcec76ef1b 100644 --- a/isa/33/17.md +++ b/isa/33/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## they will behold ## +# Your eyes will see ... they will see -"your eyes will see" or "you will see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This refers the audience by their "eyes." AT: "You will see ... you will see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Your heart will recall the terror ## +# the king in his beauty -AT: "You will remember the terror that the Assyrians caused you" when they attacked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The king's royal robes are referred to as "his beauty." AT: "the king in his beautiful robes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## weighed the money ## +# Your heart will recall the terror -Much "money" was lumps of metal that were weighed in markets and for taxes. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the audience by their "hearts." "The terror" refers to their war with the Assyrians. This can be stated clearly. AT: "You will remember the terror that the Assyrians caused you when they attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# where is the scribe, where is he who weighed the money? Where is he who counted the towers? + +These rhetorical question are asked to emphasize that the Assyrian officials are gone. These questions may be written as statements. AT: "The officers of Assyria who counted the tax money that we were forced to pay to them have disappeared! Those men who counted our towers are gone!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# weighed the money + +Money was valuable metal; its value was determined by its weight. + +# a people of a strange language + +"a people who spoke a strange language" + +# comprehend + +"understand" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/20.md b/isa/33/20.md index ff1fc7038b..38f4433534 100644 --- a/isa/33/20.md +++ b/isa/33/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues to speak to the people of Judah. -## a tent that will not be removed ## +# the city of our feasts -It may be translated as a new sentence. AT: "It will be like a tent that no one will ever remove." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This means that they have their festival and feasts at this city. AT: "the city where we have our feasts" or "they city where we celebrate our festivals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) -## whose stakes will never be pulled up or will any of its cords be broken ## +# your eyes will see -This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "No one will ever pull up its stakes or break its cords." +The people are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize what they are seeing. AT: "you will see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Yahweh in majesty will be with us, in a place of broad rivers and streams ## +# a tent that will not be removed -Here "us" refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. This compares the safety of living with Yahweh to a place that has rivers around it so that enemies cannot attack them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of Zion being secure and well establish as if it were secure tent. This can be stated in active form and written as a new sentence. AT: "it will be secure, like a tent that no one will ever remove" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whose stakes will never be pulled up nor will any of its cords be broken + +This is part of the metaphor that compares Zion to a secure tent. This can be stated in active form. AT: "whose stakes no one will ever pull up and whose cords no one will ever break" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh in majesty will be with us, in a place of broad rivers and streams + +Here "us" refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. This speaks of the safety of living with Yahweh as if it were a place that has rivers around it so that enemies cannot attack it. AT: "Yahweh who is majestic will be with us, and we will be safe as if we were in a place surrounded by broad rivers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will travel it + +"will travel the river" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/22.md b/isa/33/22.md index 082f7ad7bb..70495ed55c 100644 --- a/isa/33/22.md +++ b/isa/33/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## our...us ## +# our ... us This refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/23.md b/isa/33/23.md index 3983c604fd..8f1e9c8928 100644 --- a/isa/33/23.md +++ b/isa/33/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Your riggings are slack; they cannot hold the mast in place; they cannot spread the sail ## +# Your riggings are slack; they cannot hold the mast in place; they cannot spread the sail -Possible meanings: 1) The Assyrian army is like a boat that is unable to move through the water: the ropes that support the mast and sail have come loose and no longer support the mast, so the sail is useless ([Isaiah 33:1](./01.md)) or 2) the people of Judah are no longer at war: "You have loosened the cords that supported your flagpole; the flag no longer flies" ([Isaiah 33:17](./17.md)-[Isaiah 33:22](./22.md), see UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings: 1) The Assyrian army is like a boat that is unable to move through the water: the ropes that support the mast and sail have come loose and no longer support the mast, so the sail is useless ([Isaiah 33:1](./01.md)) or 2) the people of Judah are no longer at war: "You have loosened the cords that supported your flagpole; the flag no longer flies" ([Isaiah 33:17](./17.md)-[Isaiah 22](./22.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## mast ## +# mast tall poles that support the sail -## sail ## +# sail a large cloth that fills with wind and moves a boat through the water -## when the great spoil is divided ## +# when the great spoil is divided -AT: "when they divide the treasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when they divide the treasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the people who live there will be forgiven for their iniquity ## +# the lame -AT: "Yahweh will forgive the sins of the people who live there" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to people who are cannot walk. AT: "those who are lame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the people who live there will be forgiven for their iniquity + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive the sins of the people who live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/33/intro.md b/isa/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..94a74ea4fe --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Isaiah 33 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +This chapter continues the series of "woes." It speaks against ungodly or evil people in general. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/01.md b/isa/34/01.md index d9531191cf..c5c2721217 100644 --- a/isa/34/01.md +++ b/isa/34/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking in poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## he has completely destroyed them, he has handed them over to the slaughter ## +# The earth and all that fills it must listen, the world, and all things that come from it -Often prophets speak of things that will happen in the future as if they have already happened. This emphasizes the event will certainly happen. AT: "he will completely destroy them, he will give them over to the slaughter." \ No newline at end of file +Here the earth is spoken of as being required to listen to Yahweh to emphasize that it is under Yahweh's authority. These two parallel phrases are metonyms for all the people who live in the world. AT: "In all places everywhere on earth, everyone must listen to what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the world, and all things that come from it + +This is the second of two parallel phrases. The understood words may be supplied in this phrase. AT: "the world, and all things that come from it must listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# he has completely destroyed them, he has handed them over to the slaughter + +Often prophets speak of things that will happen in the future as if they have already happened. This emphasizes the event will certainly happen. AT: "he will completely destroy them, he will give them over to the slaughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/03.md b/isa/34/03.md index 775b6d7430..38caef73d3 100644 --- a/isa/34/03.md +++ b/isa/34/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Their slain will be left unburied ## +# The bodies of their dead will be thrown out -"No one will bury the dead people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will bury their dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the sky will be rolled up like a scroll ## +# their dead -This emphasizes that God's anger will affect the heavens and the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This refers to the dead people. AT: "those who died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## and all their stars will fade away, as the leaf fades from off the vine, and as the overripe figs from the fig tree ## +# the mountains will soak up their blood -"and and all the stars will fall from the sky like a leaf falls from a vine or a fig falls from a tree." This emphasizes even the things in the sky that people thought would be there forever will fall as easily as a leaf. \ No newline at end of file +"the mountains will be covered in their blood" + +# the sky will be rolled up like a scroll + +This can be stated in active form. This compares what Yahweh will do to the sky to a person rolling up a scroll. AT: "Yahweh will roll up the sky in the same way that a person rolls up a scroll" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# all their stars will fade away, as the leaf fades from off the vine, and as the overripe figs from the fig tree + +This emphasizes even the things in the sky that people thought would be there forever will fall as easily as a leaf. AT: "all the stars will fall from the sky like a leaf falls from a vine or a fig falls from a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/05.md b/isa/34/05.md index 9146d86f47..65669e5b2e 100644 --- a/isa/34/05.md +++ b/isa/34/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## when my sword will have drunk its fill in heaven ## +# when my sword will have drunk its fill in heaven -Yahweh is satisfied with destroying the heavens like a person puts a sword down when he has finished killing people. AT: "When I am finished destroying the objects in heaven." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh describes himself as a warrior bearing a sword. The phrase "drunk its fill" speaks of Yahweh's sword as if it were a person who has eaten and become satisfied. Yahweh uses this imagery to emphasize that there will be a lot of destruction in heaven and to state its completion. AT: "when I am finished destroying things in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## it will now come down on Edom, on the people whom I am consigning to annihilation ## +# look -"I will now come to punish the people Edom whom I have set aside so that I may destroy them" +This word is used here to draw the listener's attention and to have them imagine the things being said. AT: "listen" or "and then" -## The sword of Yahweh is dripping with blood and covered with fat, dripping with the blood of lambs and goats, covered with the fat of the kidneys of rams ## +# it will now come down on Edom, on the people I am setting apart for destruction -Because of their sins, Yahweh slaughters the people of Edom the way priests sacrifice animals. +The word "it" refers to Yahweh's sword. This continues the metaphor about Yahweh destroying things with a sword. AT: "I will come to punish the people of Edom, the people whom I have set aside for me to destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Bozrah ## +# on Edom -an important city in Edom (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Edom refers to the people who live there. AT: "on the people of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The sword of Yahweh is dripping with blood and covered with fat ... of rams + +This speaks of Yahweh killing the people as if he were a priest sacrificing animals. He does this by describing the sword of a priest. AT: "Yahweh sacrifices them as a priest sacrifices animals, whose sword drips with the blood and fat of lambs, goats, and rams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For Yahweh has a sacrifice in Bozrah and a great slaughter in the land of Edom + +The words "sacrifice" and "slaughter" may be expressed here as verbs. AT: "For Yahweh will sacrifice many people in Bozrah and kill many people in the land of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Bozrah + +This is an important city in Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/07.md b/isa/34/07.md index 6f7718c937..497a539ae2 100644 --- a/isa/34/07.md +++ b/isa/34/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Wild oxen will be slaughtered along with them, and young bull with the older ones ## +# Wild oxen will be slaughtered -Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will slaughter all the oxen and bulls along with the people or 2) this refers to the leaders of Edom that Yahweh will slaughter along with the common people like oxen and bulls. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I, Yahweh, will slaughter the wild oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Wild oxen will be slaughtered ## +# Their land will be drunk with blood -AT: "I, Yahweh, will slaughter the wild oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This describes the amount of blood that will soak into the ground by comparing the land to a drunk person. AT: "Their land will be soaked with blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# their dust made fat with fatness + +Here "dust" means the dirt on the ground. This describes the amount of fat that will soak into the dirt by comparing it to a person that has become fat from eating so much animal fat. AT: "the dirt will be full of the fat of the animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/08.md b/isa/34/08.md index 01cbf3c735..b030974669 100644 --- a/isa/34/08.md +++ b/isa/34/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## pitch ## +# it will be a day of vengeance for Yahweh + +Here "day" is an idiom for a point in time; it is not a literal "day." AT: "it will be the time when Yahweh gets revenge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he will pay them back for the cause of Zion + +This means that he will take revenge on them for how they had previously waged war against the people of Jerusalem. AT: "he will give them the punishment they deserve for what they had done to the people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The streams of Edom will be turned into pitch ... become burning pitch + +The water and land becoming useless for drinking or growing food because it is burnt and covered in pitch and sulfur is spoken of as if their streams and land will actually become pitch and sulfur. AT: "The streams in Edom will be full of pitch and the ground will be covered with burning sulfur and burning pitch" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her dust ... her land + +"Edom's dust ... Edom's land" + +# pitch a thick, black substance that burns for a long time -## her dust...her land ## +# It will burn night and day -Edom's dust and land AT: "its dust...its land." \ No newline at end of file +This means all of the time. AT: "It will burn throughout the night and the day" or "It will burn constantly, all night and all day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# from generation to generation + +The phrase "generation to generation" refers to all generations of people who will live in the future. See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 13:20](../13/19.md). AT: "forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/11.md b/isa/34/11.md index b9107b018d..54ee2bb109 100644 --- a/isa/34/11.md +++ b/isa/34/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## will live there ## +# will live there "will live in the land of Edom" -## owl ## +# owl See how you translated this in [Isaiah 13:21](../13/21.md). -## raven ## +# raven -a black bird +This is a large black bird. It is difficult to identify some of the precise kinds of birds mentioned in this passage. However, they were all birds that preferred to live in places where there were no people, so they symbolize deserted places. -## He will stretch over it the measuring line of ruin and the plumbline of destruction ## +# in it -This compares God carefully judging the people of Edom to a builder carefully using tools to measure something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"there." This refers to Edom. -## measuring line...plumbline ## +# He will stretch over it the measuring line of ruin and the plumbline of destruction -See how you tranlated similar words in [Isaiah 28:17](../28/17.md). +This speaks of Yahweh as if he were a careful builder as he causes destruction in Edom. AT: "Yahweh will measure that land carefully; he will measure it to to decide where to cause ruin and destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## her nobles...her princes ## +# measuring line ... plumbline -"the nobles of Edom...the princes of Edom" \ No newline at end of file +These are builders' tools. See how you translated similar words in [Isaiah 28:17](../28/17.md). + +# Her nobles ... her princes + +"The nobles of Edom ... the princes of Edom" + +# all her princes will be nothing + +This exaggerates the princes losing their royal status by saying that they will become nothing. AT: "all her princes will no longer rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/13.md b/isa/34/13.md index fe93910eb6..b31d7c4313 100644 --- a/isa/34/13.md +++ b/isa/34/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## thorns...nettles...thistles ## +# Thorns ... nettles ... thistles -weeds with thorns. Nettles' thorns have poison that causes itching. +These are all weeds with thorns. Nettles' thorns have poison that causes itching. -## jackals…ostriches…wild animals…hyenas…Owls ## +# jackals ... ostriches ... wild animals ... hyenas ... Owls -See how you translated these in [Isaiah 13:21](../13/21.md). +Translate the names of these animals the same as you did in [Isaiah 13:21-22](../13/21.md). -## Nocturnal animals ## +# Nocturnal animals -animals that are active at night +animals that are awake and active at night -## hawk ## +# hawks -a bird that eats 1) animals it has just killed or 2) animals that have been dead for some time \ No newline at end of file +birds that kill small animals for food \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/16.md b/isa/34/16.md index 23aaa35f74..761c43b7b2 100644 --- a/isa/34/16.md +++ b/isa/34/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## not one of these ## +# Search through the scroll of Yahweh -not one of the animals listed in [Isaiah 34:13](./13.md) +The phrase "the scroll of Yahweh" means that it contains the messages spoken by Yahweh. AT: "Read carefully what is written in this scroll that contains the messages of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) -## for his mouth has commanded it ## +# not one of these -AT: "for Yahweh has commanded it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"not one of the animals" -## He has cast lots for their places ## +# None will lack for a mate -AT: "He has determined where they will live" +This can be written as a positive statement. AT: "Each animal will have a mate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## and his hand has measured it out for them by a cord ## +# for his mouth has commanded it -AT: "and he has used a cord to measure it and give it to them" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is referred to by his "mouth" to emphasize what he has said. AT: "for Yahweh has commanded it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He has cast lots for their places + +This speaks of Yahweh deciding where to cause the animals to live as if he actually cast lots for their places. AT: "He has determined where they will live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his hand has measured it out for them by a cord + +This refers to the way that people measured things in biblical times. AT: "he has given the animals their places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from generation to generation they will + +The phrase "generation to generation" refers to all generations of people who will live in the future. See how you translated the phrase "from generation to generation" in [Isaiah 13:20](../13/19.md). AT: "forever they will" or "they will always" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/34/intro.md b/isa/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c8ed6c6d05 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Isaiah 34 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Destruction ##### +There are many images used in this chapter which describe destruction. Here each of these metaphors describes complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### + +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/35/01.md b/isa/35/01.md index 663b754732..1fd81d82fc 100644 --- a/isa/35/01.md +++ b/isa/35/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## The wilderness and the Arabah will be glad; and the desert will rejoice ## +# The wilderness and the Arabah will be glad; and the desert will rejoice -The word "Arabah" means "a dry place." In 35:1-2 Isaiah describes these places as a person who is glad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +These two phrases have basically the same meaning. These places are described as being glad, like a person is glad, because they have received water and are blossoming. AT: "It will be like the wilderness and the Arabah are glad and the desert will rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the glory of Lebanon will be given to it, the splendor of Carmel and Sharon ## +# blossom -AT: "Yahweh will make the desert as beautiful as Lebanon, Carmel, and Sharon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the plants in the desert blossoming as if the desert itself were blossoming. AT: "its plants will blossom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Like the rose, it will blossom abundantly + +This compares the way the plants of the desert blossom to the way a rose has many blossoms. AT: "The desert will grow many new plants and trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# and rejoice with joy and singing + +This speaks of the desert as if it were happy and singing like a person. AT: "it will be as though everything is rejoicing and singing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the glory of Lebanon will be given to it + +This can be stated in active form. This speaks of Yahweh making the desert looks as glorious as Lebanon as if he were giving the desert Lebanon's glory. AT: "Yahweh will give it the glory of Lebanon" or "Yahweh will make it as glorious as Lebanon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the splendor of Carmel and Sharon + +This speaks of Yahweh making the desert look beautiful as Carmel and Sharon as if he were giving the desert their splendor. The understood information may be supplied. AT: "the splendor of Carmel and Sharon will be given to it" or "Yahweh will make it as splendid as Carmel and Sharon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the glory of Yahweh, the splendor of our God + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize Yahweh's appearance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/35/03.md b/isa/35/03.md index 6a72e2428d..23f3f0500a 100644 --- a/isa/35/03.md +++ b/isa/35/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah is speaking to the people of Judah. -## Strengthen the weak hands, and steady the knees that shake. ## +# Strengthen the weak hands, and steady the knees that shake. -This represents a person who is fearful and despondent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The words "weak hands" and "knees that shake" represent a person who is fearful. AT: "Strengthen those whose hands are weak and whose knees shake from fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## your God will come with vengeance, with the recompense of God ## +# those with a fearful heart -The words "vengeance" and "recompense" mean the same thing are are used together for emphasis. AT: “your God he will punish your enemies for what they did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here people are referred to by their hearts, which emphasize their inner feelings. AT: "to those who are fearful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Look + +This is used here to draw the listeners' attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# your God will come with vengeance, with the recompense of God + +This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns "vengeance" and "recompense" are expressed as the verb "punish." The words "vengeance" and "recompense" mean the same thing and emphasize that God will punish Judah's enemies. AT: "your God will punish your enemies for what they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/35/05.md b/isa/35/05.md index ce370b0691..9c42534df2 100644 --- a/isa/35/05.md +++ b/isa/35/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + These verses begin a description of the glorious future for God's people. -## Then the lame man will leap like a deer ## +# the eyes of the blind will see -This means a person who could not walk will be able to jump even more than ordinary people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"The blind" refers to people who are blind. They are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize their healing. AT: "blind people will see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Arabah ## +# the ears of the deaf will hear -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 35:1](./01.md). +"The deaf" refers to people who cannot hear. They are referred to by their "ears" to emphasize their healing. AT: "deaf people will hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## jackals ## +# the lame man will leap like a deer -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 13:21](../13/21.md). +Deer can jump far and high. Jumping like a deer is an exaggeration for being able to move about quickly and easily. AT: "the lame man will jump high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## reeds and rushes ## +# the mute tongue will sing + +This refers to people who cannot speak. They are referred to by their "tongues" to emphasize their healing. AT: "mute people will sing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# streams in the wilderness + +The understood verb may be supplied. AT: "streams will flow in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# The burning sand will become a pool + +This means that a pool of water will appear in the hot sand. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "A pool will appear in the burning sand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the thirsty ground + +Here the dry ground is described as being thirsty. AT: "the dry ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the thirsty ground springs of water + +This means that springs will appear in the dry ground. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "springs of water will appear in the thirsty ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# jackals + +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 13:22](../13/21.md). + +# reeds and rushes These are plants that grow in wet areas. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/35/08.md b/isa/35/08.md index ff7b25dc9f..b5a7d30f95 100644 --- a/isa/35/08.md +++ b/isa/35/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + These verses continue the description of the glorious future for God's people. -## highway ## +# A highway will be there called The Holy Way -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:16](../11/16.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "A highway will be there that has the name The Holy Way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they will not be found there ## +# highway -AT: "no one will find them there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 11:16](../11/16.md). + +# The unclean + +This refers to unclean people. A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. AT: "Those who are unclean" or "People who are not acceptable to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# him who walks in it + +This is an idiom. Here "walking" refers to "living." This refers to the person who lives a holy life. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "who lives in the holy way" or "who lives a holy life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they will not be found there + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will find them there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the redeemed + +This refers to people who God has redeemed. AT: "those who are redeemed" or "those who God has redeemed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/35/10.md b/isa/35/10.md index 0c36e3e257..a8b4476180 100644 --- a/isa/35/10.md +++ b/isa/35/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## everlasting joy will be on their heads ## +# The ransomed of Yahweh -This uses a person's head to mean the person as a whole. This emphasizes that they will be totally joyful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +To "ransom" means to "rescue." This refers to people whom Yahweh has rescued. AT: "Those whom Yahweh has rescued" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## gladness and joy will overtake them; sorrow and sighing will flee away ## +# everlasting joy will be on their heads -Isaiah describes these emotions as if they are persons who can run towards or away from God's people. This means these people will only be happy and never sad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +This uses a person's head to mean the person as a whole. AT: "they will have everlasting joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# gladness and joy ... sorrow and sighing + +The words "gladness" and "joy" mean basically the same thing, as do "sorrow" and "sighing." Together they emphasize the intensity of these emotions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# gladness and joy will overtake them + +This speaks of the people being overwhelmed by gladness and joy by giving these emotions the human quality of being able to overtake someone by force. AT: "they will be overwhelmed by joy and gladness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# sorrow and sighing will flee away + +This speaks of the people no longer being sorrowful and sighing by giving these emotions the human ability to run away. AT: "they will no longer be sorrowful and sighing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/35/intro.md b/isa/35/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..43daeaef42 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/35/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 35 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Reign of the Messiah ##### +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/01.md b/isa/36/01.md index fb78863108..b230e365c4 100644 --- a/isa/36/01.md +++ b/isa/36/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,47 @@ -## king Hezekiah ## +# the fourteenth year -See how you translated the king's name in :en:ulb:ep:23-isa.usfm. +"the 14th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Sennacherib ## +# King Hezekiah + +See how you translated the name of this king in [Isaiah 1:1](../01/01.md). + +# Sennacherib This is the name of the king of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the Rabshakeh ## +# Sennacherib ... attacked all the fortified cities -This was the title of a high court official. +Here Sennacherib represents himself and his army. AT: "Sennacherib and his army ... attacked all the fortified cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## from Lachish ## +# the chief commander -This is a city southwest of Jerusalem. +Some versions of the Bible translate this as "the Rabshakeh." This is the Assyrian word for one of the highest ranking military leaders in Assyria. -## He approached ## +# Lachish -"The Rabshakeh approached" +This is a city southwest of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the conduit of the upper pool, on the highway to the launderers' field ## +# conduit -See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). +man-made ditch or tunnel through which water flows. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). -## Eliakim...Hilkiah...Shebna ## +# the launderers' field -See how you translated these names of men in [Isaiah 22:20](../22/20.md) and [Isaiah 22:15](../22/15.md). +Possible meanings are 1) this is the proper name by which the people called the field or 2) this is the common noun that the people used to talk about the field, "the launderers' field" or "the field where men wash wool" or "the field where women wash clothes." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## who was over the household ## +# the launderers' field -"who was in charge of the king's palace" +Launderer are either 1) men who wash wool that someone has cut from the sheep, "wool washers field," or 2) women who wash dirty clothes, "clothes washers field." See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Joah...Asaph ## +# Hilkiah ... Eliakim -These are names of men. \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these men's names in [Isaiah 22:20](../22/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shebna + +See how you translated this man's name in [Isaiah 22:15](../22/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Asaph ... Joah + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/04.md b/isa/36/04.md index af124b45fb..369d8c1ab1 100644 --- a/isa/36/04.md +++ b/isa/36/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## said to them ## +# said to them "said to Eliakim, Shebna, and Joah" -## What is the source of your confidence? ## +# What is the source of your confidence? -The king of Assyria uses this question to challenge Hezekiah that he does not have a good source for confidence. AT: "You have no reliable source for your confidence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The king of Assyria uses this question to challenge Hezekiah and to say that he does not have a good source for confidence. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "You have no reliable source for your confidence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Now in whom are you trusting? Who has give you courage to rebel against me? ## +# there is counsel and strength for war -The king of Assyria uses questions to ridicule Hezekiah for believing he has the strength to rebel. AT: "No matter in whom you trust, you will not have the courage to rebel against me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"you have the council and the strength to go to war." The phrase "strength for war" refers to having a large enough and strong enough army with weapons. AT: "you have enough military council, strong men, and weapons to go to war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Now in whom are you trusting? Who has given you courage to rebel against me? + +The king of Assyria uses questions to ridicule Hezekiah for believing he has the strength to rebel. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "No matter in whom you trust, you will not have the courage to rebel against me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/06.md b/isa/36/06.md index e4dc264d1d..5a3d2f607b 100644 --- a/isa/36/06.md +++ b/isa/36/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -5]]) +# General Information: -## you trust in the walking stick of this bruised reed of Egypt, but if a man leans it will stick into his hand and pierce it ## +This continues the king of Assyria's message to Hezekiah. The chief commander is speaking the message to Hezekiah's men. (See: [Isaiah 36:4-5](./04.md)) -The bruised reed of Egypt refers to Pharaoh and the armies of Egypt. The Rabshakeh warns Hezekiah that Egypt will not be able to help and will cause Judah harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Look -## bruised reed ## +Sennacherib uses this word to draw Hezekiah's attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" -A reed is the long, thin stem of a plant like tall grass. If it is bruised (damaged) it cannot carry any weight. +# trusting in Egypt -## is not he the one whose shrines and altars Hezekiah has taken away, …? ## +Here "Egypt" refers to the Egyptian army. AT: "trusting in the Egyptian army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -The king of Assyria uses this question to ridicule the people and to imply that Yahweh was angry about what Hezekiah did and would not protect them. AT: “He is the one whose shrines and altars Hezekiah has taken away …“ or “He is the one whom Hezekiah insulted by tearing down his shrines and altars” (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# that splintered reed that you use as a walking staff, but if a man leans on it, it will stick into his hand and pierce it -## has said to Judah and to Jerusalem, 'You must worship before this altar in Jerusalem ## +This speaks of Egypt, specifically its army and its Pharaoh, as if it were a splintered reed to emphasize that relying on them would not help them but would only harm them. AT: "that is like walking with a splintered reed for a staff. If a man leans on it, it will stick into his hand and pierce it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -“has said to the people of Judah and Jerusalem that they must worship only at the altar in Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file +# splintered reed + +A reed is the long, thin stem of a plant like tall grass. If it is splintered or damaged it cannot carry any weight. + +# walking staff + +This is a stick that someone would use for support when walking, made of whatever kind of tree limb that is found along the way. + +# is not he the one whose high places and altars Hezekiah has taken away ... Jerusalem"? + +The king of Assyria uses this question to ridicule the people and to imply that Yahweh was angry about what Hezekiah did and would not protect them. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "he is the one whose high places and altars Hezekiah has taken away ... Jerusalem." or "he is the one whom Hezekiah insulted by tearing down his high places and altars ... Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# has said to Judah and to Jerusalem, "You must worship before this altar in Jerusalem"? + +This can be written as an indirect quote. "Judah" and "Jerusalem" refer to the people who live in them. AT: "has told the people of Judah and Jerusalem that they must worship only at this altar in Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/08.md b/isa/36/08.md index 0b89bbe821..cb87dc14f2 100644 --- a/isa/36/08.md +++ b/isa/36/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -5]]) +# General Information: -## two thousand horses ## +This continues the king of Assyria's message to Hezekiah by speaking the message to Hezekiah's men. (See: [Isaiah 36:4-5](./04.md)) -"2,000 horses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# two thousand horses -## if you are able to find riders for them ## +"2,000 horses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -Rabshakeh continues to ridicule Hezekiah and his army by implying that he did not have many soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +# if you are able to find riders for them + +The chief commander continues to ridicule Hezekiah and his army by implying that he did not have many soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/09.md b/isa/36/09.md index 9e4e1b6301..516598b59c 100644 --- a/isa/36/09.md +++ b/isa/36/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -5]]) +# General Information: -## How could you resist even one captain ## +This continues the king of Assyria's message to Hezekiah by speaking the message to Hezekiah's men. (See: [Isaiah 36:4-5](./04.md)) -The Rabshakeh continues to ridicule Hezekiah and his army. AT: "You could not even defeat one captain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# How could you resist even one captain ... servants? -## Now then, have I traveled up here without Yahweh to fight against this land and destroy it? ## +The chief commander continues to ridicule Hezekiah and his army. When he says "you," referring to Hezekiah, he is actually referring to Hezekiah's army. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "Your army could not even defeat one captain ... servants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -The Rabshakeh uses another question to ridicule Hezekiah and the people of Judah. AT: "I came here with Yahweh's command to destroy Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Now then, have I traveled up here without Yahweh to fight against this land and destroy it? + +The chief commander uses another question to ridicule Hezekiah and the people of Judah. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "I came here with Yahweh's command to destroy Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# without Yahweh + +Here "Yahweh" refers to Yahweh's orders. AT: "without Yahweh's command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# against this land and destroy it ... Attack this land and destroy it + +This means to fight against the people and cause destruction in the place where they live. The land referred to here is Jerusalem. AT: "against this people and destroy their land ... Attack these people and destroy their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/11.md b/isa/36/11.md index 35debc3b8d..5eec502c6c 100644 --- a/isa/36/11.md +++ b/isa/36/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## Eliaim...Hilkiah...Shebnah ## +# Eliakim ... Hilkiah ... Shebnah -See how you translated these names of men in [Isaiah 22:20](../22/20.md) and [Isaiah 22:15](../22/15.md). +See how you translated these men's names in [Isaiah 22:20](../22/20.md). -## Joah...chief commander ## +# Shebnah -See how you translated these in [Isaiah 36:1](./01.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [Isaiah 22:15](../22/15.md). -## Please speak to your servants ## +# Joah ... chief commander + +See how you translated this man's name and the phrase "chief commander" the same as you did in [Isaiah 36:2-3](./01.md). + +# Please speak to your servants Eliakim, Shebnah, and Joah refer to themselves as the chief commander's servants. This is a polite way to speak to someone who has greater authority. -## Has my master sent me to your master and to you to speak these words? ## +# the Aramean language, Aramaic -the chief commander uses a question to emphasize that his message is for all the people of Judah. AT: "Certainly, my master has sent me to speak this message to you and to all who can hear." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"Aramean" is the name of a people group. "Aramaic" is the name of their language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Has he not sent me to the men who sit on the wall, who will have to ...? ## +# in the ears of the people who are on the wall -the chief commander continues using a question for emphasis. AT: "My master has sent me to everyone who hears this, who will have to ...." \ No newline at end of file +The idiom "to speak in someone's ear" means to speak where they can hear you. AT: "where the people who are on the wall may hear us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who are on the wall + +This means that they are standing on the wall. The top of the wall was wide and a place where people could sit or stand. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "who are standing on the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Has my master sent me to your master and to you to speak these words? + +The chief commander uses this question to emphasize that his message is for all the people of Judah. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "Certainly, my master has sent me to speak this message to you and to all who can hear." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Has he not sent me to the men who sit on the wall, who will have to ... you? + +The chief commander uses this question to emphasize his insult. This can be written as a statement. AT: "My master has sent me to everyone who hears this, who will have to ... you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# will have to eat their own dung and drink their own urine with you + +This is a very offensive statement. He is implying that they will need to eat these things because they will have nothing else to eat because their city will be under attack. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "will soon need to eat their own dung and drink their own urine, just as you will, because you will have nothing else to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/13.md b/isa/36/13.md index 98ef25b77e..c4a5f53eed 100644 --- a/isa/36/13.md +++ b/isa/36/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the chief commander ## +# the chief commander -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 36:1](./01.md). +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 36:2](./01.md). -## this city will not be handed over to the king of Assyria ## +# this city will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria -AT: "Yahweh will not give Jerusalem over to the king of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will not give Jerusalem into the hand of the king of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the hand of the king + +The king's "hand" refers to his "control." AT: "the control of the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/16.md b/isa/36/16.md index b367031e9b..2343d6db67 100644 --- a/isa/36/16.md +++ b/isa/36/16.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -The Rabshakeh continues speaking to the people of Judah. +# General Information: -## until I come ## +The chief commander continues speaking to the people of Judah. -AT: "until my army comes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Make peace with me + +This idiom means to agree officially to act peacefully towards one another. AT: "Let us agree to have peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# come out to me + +This idiom means to surrender. AT: "surrender to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# until I come and take + +Here the king of Assyria is referring to his army as himself. AT: "until my army comes and takes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards + +These two phrase have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how prosperous the land will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# a land of grain ... a land of bread + +This means that they land is full of natural resources, such as grain. AT: "a land where there is plenty of grain ... a land where there is plenty of bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/18.md b/isa/36/18.md index 29fbd1d40e..c86d7734a5 100644 --- a/isa/36/18.md +++ b/isa/36/18.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -The Rabshakeh continues speaking the king of Assyria's message to the people of Judah. (See: [Isaiah 36:16](./16.md)) +# General Information: -## Has any of the gods of the peoples rescued them from ...? ## +The chief commander continues speaking the king of Assyria's message to the people of Judah. (See: [Isaiah 36:16](./16.md)) -AT: "None of the gods of the peoples rescued them from...." In 36:18-20 the Rebshakeh uses questions to ridicule the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Has any of the gods of the peoples rescued them from ... Assyria? -## Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim? Have they rescued Samaria from my power? ## +The chief commander uses this question to ridicule the people of Judah. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "None of the gods of the peoples rescued them from ... Assyria." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "The gods of Hamath, Arpad, Sepharvaim, and Samaria did not rescue their people from my power." +# the hand of the king -## Hamath...Arpad ## +The king's control is referred to as his "hand." AT: "the control of the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -See how you translated these cities in [Isaiah 10:7](../10/07.md). +# Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim? Have they rescued Samaria from my power? -## Sepharvaim ## +The chief commander uses these questions to ridicule the people of Judah. These questions may be combined and written as a statement. AT: "The gods of Hamath, Arpad, Sepharvaim, and Samaria did not rescue their people from my power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Hamath ... Arpad + +Translate the names of these cities the same as you did in [Isaiah 10:09](../10/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Sepharvaim This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## is there any god who has rescued ## +# is there any god who has rescued ... as if Yahweh could save Jerusalem from my power? -AT: "there is no god who has rescued" +The chief commander uses this question to ridicule the people of Judah. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "there is no god who has rescued ... and Yahweh will not save you in Jerusalem from my power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## as if Yahweh could save Jerusalem from my power? ## +# his land -AT: "and Yahweh will not save you in Jerusalem from my power." \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the people who live in the land. AT: "his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/21.md b/isa/36/21.md index 2466c4b55f..5c62d1a93c 100644 --- a/isa/36/21.md +++ b/isa/36/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Eliakim...Hilkiah...Shebna...Joah...Asaph ## +# Eliakim ... Hilkiah ... Shebna ... Joah ... Asaph -See how you translated these names in [Isaiah 36:1](./01.md). +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [Isaiah 36:03](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## with their clothes torn ## +# over the household -Hezekiah's officials tore their clothes as a sign of mourning and distress. \ No newline at end of file +This idiom means that he was in charge of the affairs of the palace household. AT: "in charge of the palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with their clothes torn + +Hezekiah's officials tore their clothes as a sign of mourning and distress. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "with their clothes torn because they were extremely distressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/36/intro.md b/isa/36/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ee293dc907 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/36/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Isaiah 36 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The previous chapters have been constructed as prophecy and contain many poetic elements. This chapter switches to a narrative and is a discussion between the officials from Assyria and Judah. To make the meaning clear here, it may be helpful to set apart the extended quotations through the use of indentation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### + +The people of Judah were to trust in Yahweh because only he could provide them with protection. The people of Jerusalem were protected because they trusted in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +The Assyrian commanders use rhetorical questions in this chapter to mock or insult Judah and their God, Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../35/intro.md) | [>>](../37/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/01.md b/isa/37/01.md index 114e2a9cf7..40b385136b 100644 --- a/isa/37/01.md +++ b/isa/37/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## It came about that ## +# It came about that -This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## he tore his clothes ## +# he tore his clothes, covered himself with sackcloth -This is a sign of mourning and distress. +This is a sign of mourning and distress. AT: "he tore his clothes and covered himself with sackcloth because he was very distressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Eliakim...Shebna ## +# Eliakim ... Shebna -See how you translated these names in [Isaiah 36:1](../36/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [Isaiah 36:03](../36/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# over the household + +This is an idiom that means that he was in charge of the affairs of the palace household. AT: "in charge of the palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all covered with sackcloth + +This is a sign of mourning and distress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/03.md b/isa/37/03.md index 6232ff0e9d..cffbb7949d 100644 --- a/isa/37/03.md +++ b/isa/37/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## They said to him ## +# They said to him "The men sent by Hezekiah said to Isaiah" -## like when a child is ready to be born, but the mother has no strength to give birth to her child ## +# like when a child is ready to be born, but the mother has no strength to give birth to her child -This emphasizes that they are in a time of extreme difficulty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This comparison is made to emphasizes that they are in a time of extreme difficulty. AT: "It is as terrible as the day when a child is ready to be born, but the mother has no strength to give birth to her child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## It may be Yahweh your God will hear the words ## +# It may be Yahweh your God will hear the words -AT: "Maybe if you pray to Yahweh your God he will hear the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Hezekiah is indirectly suggesting that if the people pray Yahweh may listen and act upon what the chief commander had said. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Maybe if you pray to Yahweh your God will hear the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the chief commander ## +# the chief commander -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 36:1](../36/01.md). +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 36:2](../36/01.md). -## and will rebuke the words which Yahweh your God has heard ## +# his master -“and Yahweh your God will rebuke him” \ No newline at end of file +This phrase means that the king is the chief commander's master. + +# will rebuke the words which Yahweh your God has heard + +Here the phrase "the words which Yahweh your God has heard" refers to what the king of Assyria had said. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Yahweh your God will rebuke the king of Assyria for what he has said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lift up your prayer + +Praying to Yahweh is described this way to emphasize that Yahweh is in heaven. A prayer is spoken of as if they were objects that could be lifted high into the sky. AT: "pray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the remnant that is still here + +This refers to the people who are left in Jerusalem. AT: "for the few of us that are still here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/05.md b/isa/37/05.md index 93d3e79a9e..c6172fff00 100644 --- a/isa/37/05.md +++ b/isa/37/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## I will put a spirit in him ## +# I will put a spirit in him, and he will hear a certain report and go back to his own land -Here "spirit" refers to an attitude or feeling. God will make the king of Assyria decide to leave. \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "put a spirit in him" means that God will influence him to make a specific decision. The word "spirit" here means a strong attitude or feeling. AT: "I will influence him so that when he hears a certain report, he will go back to his own land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Look + +This word is used here to draw the peoples' attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# I will cause him to fall by the sword in his own land + +The phrase "fall by the sword" is an idiom that means that his enemy will kill him with a sword. AT: "And there in his own land, I will cause his enemies to kill him with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/08.md b/isa/37/08.md index 142992800e..191ef9b3cc 100644 --- a/isa/37/08.md +++ b/isa/37/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## the chief commander...Lachish...Sennacherib ## +# Lachish -See how you translated these in [Isaiah 36:1](../36/01.md). +See how you translated the name of this city in [Isaiah 36:2](../36/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Libnah ## +# Sennacherib -A city in southern Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [Isaiah 36:1](../36/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Tirhakah ## +# Libnah -This is the name of a man. +This is a city in southern Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jerusalem will not be given over into the hand of the king of Assyria ## +# Tirhakah king of Cush and Egypt had mobilized to fight against him -AT: "The king of Assyria and his army will not conquer you in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Tirhakah" is the name of a man. He had mobilized his army so that they were ready to fight. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Tirhakah king of Cush and Egypt had mobilized his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to fight against him + +The word "him" represents Sennacherib. Here Sennacherib represents his army. AT: "to fight against the army of Sennacherib" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Jerusalem will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria + +This can be stated in active form. The word "hand" refers to the king's military power. AT: "The king of Assyria and his army will not conquer you in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/11.md b/isa/37/11.md index a158622745..bd34b6d2e4 100644 --- a/isa/37/11.md +++ b/isa/37/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the king of Assyria's message to Hezekiah. -## So will you be rescued? ## +# See, you have heard -The king of Assyria uses a questions in 37:11-13 to ridicule Hezekiah and his army. AT: "So you too will not be saved." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The word "see" here is used to add emphasis to what is said next. AT: "You have certainly heard" -## Have the gods of the nations rescued them ## +# So will you be rescued? -AT: "The gods of the nations have not rescued them" +The king of Assyria uses this question to ridicule Hezekiah and his army. This may be written as a statement. AT: "So you too will not be saved." or "So of course no one will rescue you either!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Gozan… Haran… Rezeph… Eden…Telassar…Hena… Ivvah ## +# Have the gods of the nations rescued them ... Tel Assar? -These are towns and kingdoms which Assyria had conquered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The king of Assyria uses this question to ridicule Hezekiah and his army. This may be written as a statement. AT: "The nations' god did not rescue the nations that my fathers destroyed ... Tel Assar!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Where are the king ## +# that my fathers destroyed -AT: "We also conquered the king" +These men destroyed the cities listed by conquering them with their armies. Here the word "fathers" refers to his father and his other ancestors who were kings. AT: "that my fathers destroyed with their armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Hamath...Arpad...Sepharvaim ## +# Gozan ... Haran ... Rezeph ... Eden ... Tel Assar ... Hena ... Ivvah -See how you translated these in [Isaiah 36:18](../36/18.md). \ No newline at end of file +These are places that the Assyrians had conquered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Where is the king ... Ivvah? + +The king of Assyria uses this question to ridicule Hezekiah and his army. This may be written as a statement. AT: "We also conquered the king ... Ivvah!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Hamath ... Arpad ... Sepharvaim + +Translate the names of these cities the same as you did in [Isaiah 36:19](../36/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/14.md b/isa/37/14.md index a327d12eda..171898c64e 100644 --- a/isa/37/14.md +++ b/isa/37/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## You made the heavens and the earth ## +# from hand of the messengers -AT: "You made everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the messengers are referred to by their "hand" to emphasize that they personally gave it to the king. AT: "that the messengers gave him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he went up to the house of Yahweh + +The house of Yahweh was at the highest place in Jerusalem, so it is spoken of as "up." + +# spread it before him + +"spread out the letter in front of Yahweh." Being in the house of Yahweh is considered the same as being in Yahweh's presence. The letter was a scroll that could be unrolled and spread out. + +# you who sit above the cherubim + +You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. AT: "you who sit on your throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you are God alone + +"only you are God" + +# over all the kingdoms + +This idiom means to have authority and to rule over all the kingdoms. AT: "have authority over all the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You made the heavens and the earth + +This means that he created everything. AT: "You made everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/17.md b/isa/37/17.md index fe0d6e2834..5a046a2ac5 100644 --- a/isa/37/17.md +++ b/isa/37/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh. -## Turn your ear, O Yahweh, and listen. Open your eyes, O Yahweh, and see, and hear the words ## +# which he has sent -Hezekiah pleads for Yahweh to see and hear what the king of Assyria is saying against Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Hezekiah is referring to the letter from Sennacherib. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "in the message he has sent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Sennacherib ## +# Turn your ear -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 36:1](../36/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +"Incline your ear" or "Turn your head." This means to turn your head so that you can hear something better. + +# Sennacherib + +See how you translated this man's name in [Isaiah 36:1](../36/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all the nations and their lands + +This is a generalization. The kings had destroyed many of the nearby lands, but not necessarily all lands. AT: "many of the nations and their lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/19.md b/isa/37/19.md index 92f4b40e43..a622c29fde 100644 --- a/isa/37/19.md +++ b/isa/37/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh. -## for they were not gods but the work of men’s hands, just wood and stone ## +# for they were not gods but the work of men's hands, just wood and stone -"because they were false gods that men made out of wood and stone” \ No newline at end of file +This emphasizes that humans made these idols with their own hands and are therefore worthless. AT: "because they were false gods that men made out of wood and stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# from his power + +"from the king of Assyria's power" + +# all the kingdoms + +This refers to the people in the kingdoms. AT: "all the people in the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you are Yahweh alone + +"only you, Yahweh, are God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/21.md b/isa/37/21.md index eb43255418..7491695415 100644 --- a/isa/37/21.md +++ b/isa/37/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## The virgin daughter of Zion...the daughter of Jerusalem ## +# sent a message -Both of these phrases refer to the people of Jerusalem. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 1:7](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This means that he sent a messenger to give a message to the king. AT: "sent someone to give a message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Whom have you defied and insulted? And against whom have you exalted your voice and lifted up your eyes in pride? Against the Holy One of Israel. ## +# is the word that Yahweh has spoken -Yahweh uses questions to ridicule the king of Assyria. AT: "You have rebelled against, and spoken against, and lifted yourself above Yahweh, the Holy One of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"is what Yahweh has said" + +# laughs you to scorn + +"laughs at you" or "makes fun of you" + +# shakes her head + +This is a gesture of scorn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# The virgin daughter of Zion ... the daughter of Jerusalem + +These are idioms. Both of these phrases have the same meaning. The "daughter" of a city means the people who live in the city. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "The people of Zion ... the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Whom have you defied and insulted? ... Against the Holy One of Israel. + +Yahweh uses these rhetorical questions to ridicule the king of Assyria. These can be written as statements. AT: "You have defied and insulted Yahweh, you have shouted at and acted pridefully against the Holy One of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# have you exalted your voice + +This refers to speaking loudly as if the person's voice were an object that they lifted high. AT: "have you shouted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lifted up your eyes in pride + +This is an idiom that means to look at something pridefully, considering yourself more important that you should. AT: "looked at pridefully" or "acted pridefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/24.md b/isa/37/24.md index c3627c6456..9318925438 100644 --- a/isa/37/24.md +++ b/isa/37/24.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + This continues Yahweh's message to the king of Assyria. -## I dried up all the rivers of Egypt under the soles of my feet ## +# By your servants -This means even the rivers could not stop the army of Assyria from marching into Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to to the servants that he had sent to Hezekiah with a message. This can be stated clearly. AT: "In the messages you sent with your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I have gone ... I will cut ... I will enter ... I have dug ... I dried ... my feet + +Here Sennacherib speaks of himself conquering many things. He is actually conquering them with the armies and chariots that he commands. AT: "We have gone ... We will cut ... we will enter ... We have dug ... we dried ... our feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# its tall cedars + +"Lebanon's tall cedars" + +# its most fruitful forest + +Here the word "fruitful" refers to the forest being dense and full of healthy trees. The understood information may be supplied. AT: "and into its most fruitful forest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I dried up all the rivers of Egypt under the soles of my feet + +Here Sennachrib is exaggerating his conquest and travels across the rivers of Egypt by claiming to have dried up the rivers when he marched his army through them. AT: "I have marched through all the rivers of Egypt as if they were dry under my feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/26.md b/isa/37/26.md index 1dceed3719..e0e5ff563c 100644 --- a/isa/37/26.md +++ b/isa/37/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + This continues Yahweh's message to the king of Assyria. -## Have you not heard how...? ## +# Have you not heard how ... times? -Yahweh assumes Sennacherib should know this. AT: "Certainly you have heard how ...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to remind Sennacherib of information that he should already be aware of. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Certainly you have heard how ... times." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## They are plants in the field, green grass, the grass of the roof or of the field, before the east wind ## +# You are here to reduce impregnable cities into heaps of ruins -This emphasizes how weak the people are before the army of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh had planned for Sennacherib's army to destroy the cities that they had destroyed. This can be stated clearly. AT: "I planned that your army would destroy cities and cause them to become piles of rubble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## before the east wind ## +# impregnable + +strong and heavily guarded + +# of little strength + +"who are weak" + +# shattered + +"discouraged" + +# I am bringing it to pass + +The idiom "to bring something to pass" means to cause a specific thing to happen. AT: "I am causing it to happen" or "I am causing these things to take place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They are plants in the field, green grass, the grass on the roof or in the field, before the east wind + +This speaks of how weak and vulnerable the cities are before the Assryian army by comparing the cities to grass. AT: "The cities are as weak as the grass in the fields before your armies. They are as weak as the grass that grows on the roofs of houses and is scorched by the hot east wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before the east wind The east wind is hot and dry from the desert and plants die when it blows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/28.md b/isa/37/28.md index a6281d15b8..56b120f7de 100644 --- a/isa/37/28.md +++ b/isa/37/28.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + This continues Yahweh's message to the king of Assyria. -## But I know your sitting down, your going out, your coming in, and your raging against me ## +# But I know your sitting down, your going out, your coming in -“I know everything you do and your words of anger against me” +This refers to all activities of life. AT: "I know everything you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## I will put my hook in your nose, and my bit in your mouth ## +# and your raging against me -A person uses a hook and bit to lead an animal around. This emphasizes that God completely controls what the king of Assyria will do. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "raging" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "how you rage against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your arrogance + +Here the king's "arrogance" refers to his arrogant speech. AT: "your arrogant speech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your arrogance has reached my ears + +This speaks of Yahweh hearing the king's speech as if the king's speech were something that traveled to his ear. AT: "I have heard you speaking arrogantly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will put my hook in your nose, and my bit in your mouth + +A person uses a hook and bit to lead an animal around. This speaks of Yahweh controlling the king as if the king were an animal Yahweh controlled with a bit and hook. AT: "I will control you like a man controls his animal by place a hook in its nose and a bit in its mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will turn you back the way you came + +This refers to causing the king to return to his own home country. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "I will force you to return to your own country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/30.md b/isa/37/30.md index 947182cd91..de270cbf1a 100644 --- a/isa/37/30.md +++ b/isa/37/30.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + This continues Yahweh's message to Hezekiah. (See: [Isaiah 37:21](./21.md)) -## sign for you ## +# sign for you -Here "you" is singular and refers to Hezekiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"sign for you, Hezekiah." Here "you" is singular and refers to Hezekiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## you will eat...you must plant ## +# you will eat ... you must plant -Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Judah. \ No newline at end of file +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# second year + +"2nd year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# in the second year what grows + +This describes what the people will eat. AT: "in the second year you will eat what grows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# what grows from that + +"what grows wild from that" or "what grows wild" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/31.md b/isa/37/31.md index 52824cf83a..98800d84ff 100644 --- a/isa/37/31.md +++ b/isa/37/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + This continues Yahweh's message to Hezekiah. -## the house of Judah ## +# remnant -"the descendants of Judah" +A "remnant" is a part of something that remains after the rest is gone. Here this refers to the people who are left in Judah. -## will again take root and bear fruit ## +# the house of Judah -Yahweh compares the coming prosperity of the people of Judah to the plantings they will do. AT: "will prosper like a plant that takes root and produces fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here Judah's "house" refers to his descendants. AT: "the descendants of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## For from Jerusalem a remnant will come out; from Mount Zion survivors will come ## +# will again take root and bear fruit -These mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the people of Judah becoming prosperous as if they were plants that would root and bear fruit. AT: "will prosper like a plant that takes root and produces fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For from Jerusalem a remnant will come out; from Mount Zion survivors will come + +These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize the remnant of people who will survive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# The zeal of Yahweh of hosts will do this + +This speaks of Yahweh doing something because of his zeal as if his "zeal" were actually doing the action. AT: "Because of his zeal, Yahweh of hosts will do this" or "Yahweh of hosts will do this because of his zeal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/33.md b/isa/37/33.md index 81c48a14b3..ba5fa9e161 100644 --- a/isa/37/33.md +++ b/isa/37/33.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## declaration of Yahweh ## +# He will not come ... He will not come -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:21](../14/21.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here the Assyrian king refers to both him and his army. AT: "His army will not come ... They will not come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# with shield + +"with shields" + +# siege ramp + +a large mound of dirt built against the wall of a city that better enables an army to attach the city + +# he came ... he will not enter + +Here the Assyrian king refers to both him and his army. AT: "they came ... they will not enter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/35.md b/isa/37/35.md index f72ced7289..a7a064c7ae 100644 --- a/isa/37/35.md +++ b/isa/37/35.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues speaking. + +# sake + +"cause" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/36.md b/isa/37/36.md index f640cfc37d..c20b37da7a 100644 --- a/isa/37/36.md +++ b/isa/37/36.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## 185,000 ## +# putting to death -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This idiom means to kill. AT: "killing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Sennacherib ## +# 185,000 soldiers -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 36:1](../36/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +"one hundred and eighty-five thousand soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Sennacherib king of Assyria left Israel and went home and stayed in Nineveh + +Here Sennacherib refers to both him and his army. They all left Israel and returned home to Assryia. Sennacherib returned to the city Nineveh. AT: "Sennacherib and his army left Israel and went home, and Sennacherib stayed in Nineveh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Sennacherib + +See how you translated this man's name in [Isaiah 36:1](../36/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/38.md b/isa/37/38.md index e80a29ca7e..6de76ecbee 100644 --- a/isa/37/38.md +++ b/isa/37/38.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## as he was worshiping ## +# as he was worshiping "as Sennacherib was worshiping" -## Nisroch ## +# Nisrok -This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Adrammelech … Sharezer … Esarhaddon ## +# Adrammelek ... Sharezer ... Esarhaddon -These are the names of men. \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# with the sword + +"with their swords" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/37/intro.md b/isa/37/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc7158f44d --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/37/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Isaiah 37 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of chapter 37:22-38, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Tearing clothes and putting on sackcloth ##### +This was a sign of great distress. While it is often accompanies repentance, in this chapter it is intended to show the king's anger at the blasphemy of the Assyrians when they spoke against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blasphemy]]) + +##### Prayer ##### +Hezekiah was different from the other kings because when he was threatened by Assyria, he went to Yahweh in prayer. He did not trust in his army or make an alliance with Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 37:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../36/intro.md) | [>>](../38/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/01.md b/isa/38/01.md index 69fe983486..32741dc65d 100644 --- a/isa/38/01.md +++ b/isa/38/01.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# Set your house in order + +This means to prepare your family and those in charge of your affairs so that they know what to do after you die. This can be written clearly. AT: "You should tell the people in your palace what you want them to do after you die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# call to mind + +This idiom means to remember. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# faithfully walked before you + +This is an idiom. Here "walk" means to "live." The phrase means to live in a way the pleases Yahweh. AT: "faithfully lived before you" or "faithfully served you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with my whole heart + +Here the "heart" refers to the inner-being which represents a person's complete devotion. AT: "with all my inner being" or "with my complete devotion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what was good in your sight + +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "what pleases you" or "what you consider to be good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/04.md b/isa/38/04.md index 7fc80fa1ba..f577bcf754 100644 --- a/isa/38/04.md +++ b/isa/38/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## See, I will add fifteen years ## +# the word of Yahweh came -"Pay attention, I will add 15 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. AT: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# See + +This is used to ask the listener to pay attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# fifteen years + +"15 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the hand of the king of Assyria + +Here the king's "hand" refers to his power. AT: "the power of the king of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/07.md b/isa/38/07.md index b4825252aa..3b1009da94 100644 --- a/isa/38/07.md +++ b/isa/38/07.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Hezekiah. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues speaking to Hezekiah. + +# Look + +Yahweh uses this word to draw the listener's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# stairs of Ahaz + +These stairs are referred to this way because they were built while Ahaz was king. You can make this information clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/09.md b/isa/38/09.md index 37ca9bf70f..0914bcc736 100644 --- a/isa/38/09.md +++ b/isa/38/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## I said that halfway through my life I will go through the gates of Sheol ## +# that halfway through my life -"I said that before I was old I was going to die." Also, 38:10 may be translated as questions. AT: "I said "will I die before I am old?'" +"that before I have grown old." This refers to dying at middle age, before growing old. -## I am sent there for the rest of my years ## +# I will go through the gates of Sheol -"before I have lived all of my years I will go to the grave." AT: "will I go to the grave before I have have lived all my years?" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of dying as if Sheol were a kingdom that has gates that one enters. AT: "I will die and go to Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am sent there for the rest of my years + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "before I have lived all of my years I will go to the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the land of the living + +"The living" refers to people who are alive. AT: "in the land where people are alive" or "in this world where people are alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/12.md b/isa/38/12.md index 5c6a5bc660..f6bb2e98cc 100644 --- a/isa/38/12.md +++ b/isa/38/12.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Hezekiah continues his written prayer. -## My life is removed and carried away from me ## +# My life is removed and carried away from me like a shepherd's tent -AT: "Yahweh has taken my life and carried it away from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This speaks of how Yahweh is ending Hezekiah's life quickly by comparing it to how a shepherd removes his tent from the ground. AT: "Yahweh has taken my life away from me quickly like a shepherd packs up his tent and carries it away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like a shepherd’s tent ## +# My life is removed -This emphasizes that God has taken his life quickly and easily like someone removing a tent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has taken my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I have rolled up my life like a weaver; you are cutting me off from the loom ## +# I have rolled up my life like a weaver; you are cutting me off from the loom -Hezekiah compares his life quickly coming to an end to a weaver who cuts the threads from the loom and rolls up the cloth. +This speaks of Yahweh quickly ending Hezekiah's life by comparing it to how a weaver cuts his cloth from the loom and rolls it up. AT: "you are ending my life quickly, like a weaver cuts his cloth from the loom when it is finished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## you are cutting ## +# you are cutting Here "you" is singular and refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## loom ## +# loom -a device used to weave thread together to make cloth. +a device used to weave thread together to make cloth -## Like a lion he breaks all my bones ## +# like a lion he breaks all my bones -This emphasizes that Hezekiah was in extreme pain because God was taking his life away. \ No newline at end of file +Hezekiah speaks of how he is in extreme pain by comparing it to having his body torn apart by lions. AT: "my pain was as though I were being torn apart by lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/14.md b/isa/38/14.md index 72b3a744c1..254d1e8fc3 100644 --- a/isa/38/14.md +++ b/isa/38/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Hezekiah continues his written prayer. -## Like a swallow I chirp; I coo like a dove ## +# Like a swallow I chirp; I coo like a dove -Both of these clauses mean the same thing and they emphasize how said and pitiful Hezekiah's cries were. A swallow and a dove are types of birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +Both of these clauses mean the same thing and they emphasize how sad and pitiful Hezekiah's cries were. A swallow and a dove are types of birds. AT: "My cries are pitiful--they sound like the chirp of a swallow and the coo of a dove" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## I am oppressed ## +# my eyes -AT: "My sickness is troubling me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here Hezekiah refers to himself my his "eyes" to emphasize that he is looking for something. AT: "I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## What shall I say? ## +# with looking upward -Hezekiah uses a question to emphasize he has nothing left to say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This refers to Hezekiah looking to heaven for God to help him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "of waiting for help to come from heaven" or "of waiting for you to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## because my soul is overcome with grief ## +# I am oppressed -AT: "because I am full of grief" or "because I am very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My sickness oppresses me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# What shall I say? + +Hezekiah uses a question to emphasize he has nothing left to say. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I have nothing left to say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I will walk slowly + +This is an idiom. Here "walking" refers to living. AT: "I will like humbly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all my years + +This refers to the rest of his life. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "the rest of my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# because I am overcome with grief + +"because I am full of grief" or "because I am very sad" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/16.md b/isa/38/16.md index 7b8cc40c1e..9c2ef52b90 100644 --- a/isa/38/16.md +++ b/isa/38/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Hezekiah continues his written prayer. -## may my life be given back to me ## +# may my life be given back to me -AT: "may you give my life back to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may you give my life back to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## from the pit of destruction ## +# from the pit of destruction -"from dying" (UDB) or "from Sheol" +Hezekiah did not die but he was close to dying. This refers Yahweh saving him from dying. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "from dying and going to the pit of destruction" or "so that I did not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## for you have thrown all my sins behind your back ## +# for you have thrown all my sins behind your back -This emphasizes that God has removed Hezekiah's sins and he no longer looks at them or remembers them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Hezekiah speaks of Yahweh forgiving his sins as if they were objects that Yahweh threw behind himself and forgot about. AT: "for you have forgiven all my sins and no longer think about them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/18.md b/isa/38/18.md index e0a9011141..924f7d2364 100644 --- a/isa/38/18.md +++ b/isa/38/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Hezekiah continues his written prayer. -## For Sheol does not thank you; death does not praise you ## +# For Sheol does not thank you; death does not praise you -Here "Sheol" and "death" refer to "dead people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Sheol" and "death" refer to "dead people." AT: "For those in Sheol do not thank you; dead people do not praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Those who go down into the pit ## +# those who go down into the pit -"Those who go to Sheol" or "Those who go down to the grave" +"those who go down to the grave" -## do not hope in your trustworthiness ## +# do not hope in your trustworthiness "do not have hope in your faithfulness." Here "your" is singular and refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## The living person, the living person ## +# The living person, the living person -This is repeated for emphasis. ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Hezekiah repeats this phrase to emphasize that only a living person, not a dead person, can give thanks to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/20.md b/isa/38/20.md index d80a632d57..b47b93ae7a 100644 --- a/isa/38/20.md +++ b/isa/38/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Hezekiah continues his written prayer. -## save me ## +# save me -"save me from dying" +This refers to him being saved from dying. It can be made more explicit. AT: "save me from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## we will celebrate ## +# we will celebrate Here "we" refers to Hezekiah and the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/21.md b/isa/38/21.md index 6f9b10a4c5..0b4c352bf6 100644 --- a/isa/38/21.md +++ b/isa/38/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Now ## +# Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. This gives background information about Isaiah and Hezekiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Let them ## +# Let them "Let Hezekiah's servants" -## take a lump of figs ## +# a lump of figs -"make medicine from pressed figs" +This was used as an ointment. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "use an ointment of mashed figs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## boil ## +# boil a painful area on the skin that is infected \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/38/intro.md b/isa/38/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d209d62dd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/38/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 38 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 38:10-20, which is an extended prayer. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Poetry ##### +This chapter is written as a narrative, but the section including Hezekiah's prayer is written as poetry. The tone of this prayer shifts from sorrow to praise. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 38:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../37/intro.md) | [>>](../39/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/39/01.md b/isa/39/01.md index a8d5056061..75218c9267 100644 --- a/isa/39/01.md +++ b/isa/39/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Merodach Baladan...Baladan ## +# Marduk-Baladan ... Baladan These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hezekiah was pleased by these things ## +# Hezekiah was pleased by these things -AT: "When the king's messengers arrived, Hezekiah was pleased with what they brought to him." ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be made more explicit. AT: "When the king's messengers arrived, Hezekiah was pleased with what they brought to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## showed the messengers his storehouse of valuable things ## +# showed the messengers his storehouse of valuable things "he showed the messengers everything of value he had" -## storehouse ## +# storehouse a building where goods are kept -## There was nothing in his house, nor in all his kingdom, that Hezekiah did not show them ## +# all that was found in his storehouses -AT: "Hezekiah showed them many things in his house and in his kingdom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everything that was in his storehouses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# There was nothing in his house, nor in all his kingdom, that Hezekiah did not show them + +This is a slight exaggeration as Hezekiah showed them many things, but not everything. Also, this can be expressed positively. AT: "Hezekiah showed them almost everything in his house and in his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/39/03.md b/isa/39/03.md index 30e65b89a6..84de83a37f 100644 --- a/isa/39/03.md +++ b/isa/39/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## They have seen everything in my house. There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown them ## +# They have seen everything in my house. There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown them -AT: "I showed them all the valuable things I have in my palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two sentences mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize how much Hezekiah showed the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# everything in my house + +This is a generalization, as Hezekiah showed them many things, but not necessarily everything in the palace. AT: "almost everything in my house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown them + +This can be expressed positively. AT: "I showed them all the valuable things in my palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/39/05.md b/isa/39/05.md index d1d4c39217..f2bbba0fa8 100644 --- a/isa/39/05.md +++ b/isa/39/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# Yahweh of hosts -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## when everything in your palace...will be carried to Babylon ## +# the word -AT: "when the enemy army will take everything in your palace...back to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the message" + +# Look + +This word is used here to draw Hezekiah's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# when everything in your palace ... will be carried to Babylon + +This can be expressed positively. AT: "when the enemy army will take everything in your palace ... back to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/39/07.md b/isa/39/07.md index 48279aa89b..de6e28fadb 100644 --- a/isa/39/07.md +++ b/isa/39/07.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues to speak Yahweh's message to Hezekiah. -## they will take them away, and they ## +# The sons born from you -"The Babylonians will take them away" \ No newline at end of file +"Your sons" + +# they will take them + +"the Babylonians will take them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/39/intro.md b/isa/39/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4d31cc2224 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/39/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Isaiah 39 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pride ##### +Although it is not said why it was sinful for Hezekiah to show the king of Babylon his riches, the sin was probably because of his pride. It can be viewed as bragging to another king about how rich and powerful he was without giving proper credit to Yahweh. Because of this sin, Yahweh punished him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Babylon ##### +At this time, Babylon was not very powerful, but was little more than a city. In a short time, however, Babylon became a very powerful nation and conquered Assyria. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 39:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../38/intro.md) | [>>](../40/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/01.md b/isa/40/01.md index c9a56b9307..b717c57378 100644 --- a/isa/40/01.md +++ b/isa/40/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Comfort, comfort ## +# Comfort, comfort The word "comfort" is repeated for emphasis. -## says your God ## +# says your God -Here "your" is plural and refers to God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here "your" is plural and refers to those whom the prophet tells to comfort God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## to her that her warfare...her iniquity...she has ## +# Speak tenderly to Jerusalem -Here "her" and "she" refers to the people of Jerusalem. +The prophet speaks of Jerusalem as if it were a woman whom Yahweh has forgiven. As such, Jerusalem represents the people who live in that city. AT: Speak tenderly to the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## her warfare ## +# proclaim to her ... her warfare ... her iniquity ... she has received ... her sins -"their forced labor" or "their struggles" +These pronouns refer to Jerusalem but may be changed if "the people of Jerusalem" is adopted as a translation. AT: "proclaim to them ... their warfare ... their iniquity ... they have received ... their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## from Yahweh's hand ## +# her warfare -"from Yahweh." Yahweh is speaking about himself. AT: "from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are that the word "warfare" refers 1) to military battle or 2) to forced labor. + +# her iniquity is pardoned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has pardoned her iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from Yahweh's hand + +Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "from Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/03.md b/isa/40/03.md index 474dcff019..b557a17f73 100644 --- a/isa/40/03.md +++ b/isa/40/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## make straight in the Arabah a highway for our God ## +# A voice cries out -Prepare yourselves to receive Yahweh when he comes, like people make a straight road for an important official. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "voice" represents the person who cries out. AT: "Someone cries out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## in the Arabah ## +# In the wilderness prepare the way of Yahweh; make straight in the Arabah a highway for our God -See how you translated "Arabah" in [Isaiah 35:1](../35/01.md). This clause means basically the same as the previous statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two lines are parallel and mean basically the same thing. The people preparing themselves for Yahweh's help is spoken of as if they were to prepare roads for Yahweh to travel upon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and the glory of Yahweh will be revealed ## +# Arabah -AT: "and Yahweh will reveal his glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 35:1](../35/01.md). -## for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken it ## +# Every valley will be lifted up, and every mountain and hill will be leveled -AT: "for Yahweh has spoken it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +These phrases explain how the people are to prepare a highway for Yahweh. They can be stated in active form. AT: "Lift up every valley, and level every mountain and hill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Every valley will be lifted up + +Making the valleys level with the rest of the ground is spoken of as if it were lifting up the valleys. AT: "Every valley will be filled in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# and the rugged land will be made level, and the rough places a plain + +These phrases explain how the people are to prepare a highway for Yahweh. They can be stated in active form. AT: "make the rugged land level, and make the rough places into a plain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the glory of Yahweh will be revealed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will reveal his glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken it + +The word "mouth" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "for Yahweh has spoken it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/06.md b/isa/40/06.md index 8e7506cad6..1c93ea136b 100644 --- a/isa/40/06.md +++ b/isa/40/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## All flesh is grass ## +# All flesh is grass -The word "flesh" refers to people. This means that people are weak and will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "flesh" refers to people. The speaker speaks of humans as if they are grass, because they both die quickly. AT: "All people are like grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## covenant faithfulness ## +# all their covenant faithfulness is like the flower of the field -Possible meanings are 1) covenant faithfulness or 2) beauty. See how you translated "covenant faithfulness" in [Isaiah 16:5](../16/05.md). +The speaker compares the covenant faithfulness of people to flowers that bloom and then die quickly. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." See how you translated "covenant faithfulness" in [Isaiah 16:5](../16/05.md). AT: "they quickly stop being faithful to the covenant, just like a flower of the field dies quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## is like the flower of the field ## +# covenant faithfulness -AT: "ends quickly like a flower of field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Possible meanings are 1) covenant faithfulness or 2) beauty. -## humanity is grass ## +# when the breath of Yahweh blows on it -"people die as quickly as grass in the heat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "when Yahweh blows his breath on it" or 2) "when Yahweh sends a wind to blow on it." -## the word of our God will stand forever ## +# humanity is grass -"what God says will stand forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The speaker speaks of humans as if they are grass, because they both die quickly. AT: "people die as quickly as grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the word of our God will stand forever + +The speaker speaks of what God says lasting forever as if his word stands forever. AT: "the things that our God says will last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/09.md b/isa/40/09.md index 1db6b50fc1..2952578cbc 100644 --- a/isa/40/09.md +++ b/isa/40/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Go up on a high mountain ## +# Go up on a high mountain, Zion, bearer of good news -"Get into a position where everyone around can hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of Zion as if it were a messenger who declares good news from a mountain top. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Zion ## +# Go up on a high mountain -AT: "you people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Messengers would often stand on elevated land, such as mountains, so that many people could hear what they proclaimed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## lift up your voice with strength ## +# Zion -"shout loudly" +This refers to the people who live in Zion. AT: "you people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and his strong arm rules for him ## +# Jerusalem. You who bring good news -AT: "and he rules with power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The writer speaks of Jerusalem as if it were a messenger who declares good news. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## his reward is with him, and his recompense goes before him ## +# his strong arm rules for him -Both of these clauses mean the same thing. AT: "he is bringing his reward with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here the word "arm" represents God's power. AT: "he rules with great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## his recompense goes before him ## +# his reward is with him ... those he has rescued go before him -"the payment for his efforts goes ahead of him." \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The ones he rescued are his "reward." AT: "he is bringing those he rescued with him as his reward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/11.md b/isa/40/11.md index ba4422d866..4ea4d11938 100644 --- a/isa/40/11.md +++ b/isa/40/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## He will feed his flock like a shepherd ## +# He will feed his flock like a shepherd -This emphasizes God's love and care for his people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of Yahweh's people as if they were sheep and of Yahweh as if he were their shepherd. AT: "He will care for his people like a shepherd feeds his flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/12.md b/isa/40/12.md index 70dc9bfec7..bbcf039ec6 100644 --- a/isa/40/12.md +++ b/isa/40/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Who has measured...or the hills in a balance ## +# Who has measured ... or the hills in a balance? -These questions emphasize Yahweh's endless power and wisdom. AT: "No one but Yahweh has measured...and the hills in a balance."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +These rhetorical questions anticipate a negative answer and emphasize that only Yahweh is able to do these things. AT: "No one but Yahweh has measured ... and the hills in a balance." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# measured the waters in the hollow of his hand + +Yahweh knowing how much water is in the oceans is spoken of as if Yahweh held the water in his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# measured the sky with the span of his hand + +A "span" is the measure of length between the thumb and little finger when the hand is outstretched. Yahweh knowing the length of the sky is spoken of as if he measured it with his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# held the dust of the earth in a basket + +Yahweh knowing how much dust there is on the earth is spoken of as if he carried it in a basket. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# weighed the mountains in scales, or the hills in a balance? + +Yahweh knowing how heavy the mountains are is spoken of as if he weighed them in scales and balances. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/13.md b/isa/40/13.md index ecaa314a09..f9eed5ae55 100644 --- a/isa/40/13.md +++ b/isa/40/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Isaiah continues using questions to emphasize God's endless power and wisdom (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# General Information: -## Who has comprehended the mind of Yahweh, or instructed him as his counselor? ## +Isaiah continues using questions to emphasize Yahweh's uniqueness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "No one knows the mind of Yahweh, and no one can give him council." +# Who has comprehended the mind of Yahweh, or instructed him as his counselor? -## From whom did he ever receive instruction? ## +This rhetorical question anticipates a negative answer and emphasizes that no one is able to do these things. AT: "No one has comprehended the mind of Yahweh, and no one has instructed him as his counselor." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "He has never received instruction from anyone." +# comprehended the mind of Yahweh -## Who taught him the correct way to do things, and taught him knowledge, or showed to him the way of understanding? ## +Here the word "mind" refers not only to Yahweh's thoughts, but also to his desires and motivations. -AT: "No one taught him or gave him knowledge in the correct way to do things, or helped him to understand." \ No newline at end of file +# From whom did he ever receive instruction? + +This rhetorical question anticipates a negative answer and emphasizes that no one has ever done this. AT: "He has never received instruction from anyone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who taught him the correct way to do things, and taught him knowledge, or showed to him the way of understanding? + +This rhetorical question anticipates a negative answer and emphasizes that no one has ever done these things. AT: "No one taught him the correct way to do things. No one taught him knowledge. No one showed to him the way of understanding." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/15.md b/isa/40/15.md index 6e69632d37..4f91451e2d 100644 --- a/isa/40/15.md +++ b/isa/40/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the nations are like a drop in a bucket, and are regarded like the dust on the scales ## +# Look ... see -This emphasizes that the nations are nothing before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +These words add emphasis to what follows. -## and are regarded like the dust on the scales ## +# the nations are like a drop in a bucket, and are regarded like the dust on the scales -AT: "and Yahweh regards them as dust on the scales" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The prophet compares the nations to a drop of water and to dust in order to emphasize how small and insignificant they are to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## they are regarded by him as nothing ## +# like a drop in a bucket -AT: "He regards them as nothing" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) a drop of water that falls into a bucket or 2) a drop of water that drops out of a bucket. + +# are regarded like the dust on the scales + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh regards them as dust on the scales" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they are regarded by him as nothing + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he regards them as nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/18.md b/isa/40/18.md index 3430118ee1..ca27e3f573 100644 --- a/isa/40/18.md +++ b/isa/40/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## To whom then will you compare God? To what idol will you liken him? ## +# To whom then will you compare God? To what idol will you liken him? -Isaiah uses questions to mock the idols that the people worship. AT: "There is no one that compares to God and no idol that can represent him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Isaiah uses two similar questions to emphasize that there is no idol that can compare with God. AT: "There is no one to whom you can compare God. There is no idol to which you can liken him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## you ## +# you This is plural and refers to all of God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## A craftsman casts it: the goldsmith overlays it with gold and forges silver chains for it ## +# A craftsman casts it: The goldsmith overlays it with gold and forges silver chains for it -"A skilled worker forms it, another covers it with gold, and makes a silver chain for it." \ No newline at end of file +"A skilled worker forms it, another covers it with gold and makes a silver chain for it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/21.md b/isa/40/21.md index aec1aa89b6..8425b6e1c1 100644 --- a/isa/40/21.md +++ b/isa/40/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking to God's people. -## Have you not known? Have you not heard? Has it not been told you from the beginning? Have you not understood from the foundations of the earth? ## +# Have you not known? Have you not heard? Has it not been told you from the beginning? Have you not understood from the foundations of the earth? -Isaiah uses these questions to emphasize that the people should know how great God is. AT: "You certainly do know and have heard! It has been told to you from the beginning; even from when God created the earth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Isaiah uses these questions to emphasize that the people should know Yahweh's greatness as the creator. AT: "You certainly know and have heard! It has been told to you from the beginning; you have understood from the foundations of the earth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## He is the one who sits above the horizon of the earth ## +# Has it not been told you from the beginning? -AT: "God rules over the entire earth." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Have people not told you from the beginning?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the inhabitants are like grasshoppers before him ## +# from the foundations of the earth -A grasshopper is a small insect. This emphasizes how small and weak people are before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The prophet speaks of Yahweh creating the earth as if the earth were a building for which Yahweh laid the foundation. AT: "from the time that Yahweh created the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He stretches out the heavens like a curtain and spreads them out as a tent to live in ## +# He is the one who sits above the horizon of the earth -This emphasizes God's power to create the heavens. \ No newline at end of file +The prophet speaks of Yahweh ruling the earth as if Yahweh were seated on a throne above the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the inhabitants are like grasshoppers before him + +The prophet compares the way Yahweh considers humans to the way humans would consider grasshoppers. Just as grasshoppers are small to humans, humans are small and weak before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# He stretches out the heavens like a curtain and spreads them out as a tent to live in + +These two lines share similar meanings. The prophet speaks of Yahweh creating the heavens as if he had erected a tent in which to live. AT: "He spreads out the heavens as easily as a person would stretch out a curtain or erect a tent in which to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/23.md b/isa/40/23.md index a59c98e267..418e852f91 100644 --- a/isa/40/23.md +++ b/isa/40/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## He reduces ## +# He reduces -"God reduces" +"Yahweh reduces" -## they are barely planted…they have barely taken root in the earth ## +# They are barely planted ... and they wither -Isaiah compares the rulers to a seed that is not planted firmly in the ground. This emphasizes they are insignificant before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The prophet speaks of rulers being helpless before Yahweh as if they were new plants that wither away when a hot wind blows on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the wind blows them away like straw ## +# They are barely planted, barely sown -This emphasizes that God can easily defeat human rulers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the point at which the plants or seeds are placed into the ground. They can be stated in active form. AT: "As soon as someone plants them ... as soon as someone sows them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he blows upon them + +The prophet speaks of Yahweh removing the rulers from power as if Yahweh were a scorching wind that blows upon the plants and causes them to wither. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wind carries them away like straw + +This simile extends the metaphor of the rulers as plants and Yahweh as the wind that causes them to wither. The wind of Yahweh's judgement will remove the withered plants as easily as wind blows away straw. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/25.md b/isa/40/25.md index 2034819281..ec0896f94e 100644 --- a/isa/40/25.md +++ b/isa/40/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## To whom then will you compare me, who do I resemble? ## +# To whom then will you compare me, whom do I resemble? -Here "you" is plural and refers to God's people. Yahweh uses a question for emphasis. AT: "There is no one who is like me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses two similar rhetorical questions to emphasize that there is no one like him. AT: "There is no one to whom you can compare me. There is no one whom I resemble." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Who has created all these stars? ## +# Who has created all these stars? -Isaiah uses a question for emphasis. AT: "God has created all the stars!" \ No newline at end of file +This is a leading question that anticipates the answer, Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh has created all these stars!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He leads out their formations + +Here the word "formations" refers to military formations. The prophet speaks of the stars as if they were soldiers whom Yahweh commands to appear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# By the greatness of his might and by the strength of his power + +The phrases "the greatness of his might" and "the strength of his power" form a doublet that emphasizes Yahweh's power. AT: "By his great might and powerful strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# not one is missing + +This negative statement emphasizes the positive. AT: "every one is present" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/27.md b/isa/40/27.md index 09b9c0e106..884b3f1ccb 100644 --- a/isa/40/27.md +++ b/isa/40/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Why do you say, Jacob and declare, Israel ## +# Why do you say, Jacob, and declare, Israel ... vindication"? -This says the same thing twice for emphasis. AT: "Why do you say, O people of Israel." Isaiah uses a question for emphasis. AT: "You should not say, O people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The question emphasizes that they should not say what they say. AT: "'You should not say, O people of Israel ... vindication'." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## My way is hidden from Yahweh, and my God is not concerned about my vindication ## +# Why do you say, Jacob, and declare, Israel -"Yahweh does not see us. He is not concerned to clear our blame" +These two phrases both refer to the people of Israel. AT: "Why do you say, O people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Have you not known? Have you not heard? ## +# My way is hidden from Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 40:21](./21.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh not knowing what happens to them is spoken of as if Yahweh could not see the road upon which they travel. AT: "Yahweh does not know what happens to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my God is not concerned about my vindication + +Possible meanings are 1) "my God is not concerned about others treating me unjustly" or 2) "my God is not concerned about treating me justly." + +# Have you not known? Have you not heard? + +Isaiah uses these questions to emphasize that the people should know Yahweh's greatness. See how you translated these in [Isaiah 40:21](./21.md). AT: "You certainly know and have heard!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the ends of the earth + +The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. This phrase also forms a merism and refers to everywhere in between the ends. AT "the farthest places of the earth" or "the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/29.md b/isa/40/29.md index 1222102f6b..7378344e29 100644 --- a/isa/40/29.md +++ b/isa/40/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## He gives strength ## +# He gives strength to the tired; and to the weak he gives renewed energy + +These two lines share similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh strengthens those who have no strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He gives strength "Yahweh gives strength" -## they will soar with wings like eagles ## +# they will soar with wings like eagles -An eagle is a bird often used as a symbol for strength and power. This means God will make his people strong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +People receiving strength from Yahweh is spoken of as if the people were able to fly like eagles fly. An eagle is a bird often used as a symbol for strength and power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will run and not be weary; they will walk and not faint + +These two lines share similar meanings. People receiving strength from Yahweh is spoken of as if they were able to run and walk without tiring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/40/intro.md b/isa/40/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e35b9d4e7e --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/40/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Isaiah 40 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Yahweh uses many rhetorical questions in this chapter. These rhetorical questions help to prove the point he is making and convince the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "She has received double from Yahweh's hand for all her sins" ##### +It is common in many languages to use the feminine "she" to refer to a nation, rather than the word "it," which is neither masculine or feminine. The translator should use the pronoun that aligns with the common usage in the target language. Therefore, it is acceptable to use "he," "she," or "it" in reference to a nation. + +The phrase "received double" indicates that Jerusalem was punished more severely than the other nations. This is because they had the privilege of a special relationship to Yahweh and had more knowledge than the other nations. + +##### Reign of Yahweh ##### +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. It does not appear that this prophecy was fulfilled in the days of Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 40:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../39/intro.md) | [>>](../41/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/01.md b/isa/41/01.md index 49da14d1d3..9890640d1e 100644 --- a/isa/41/01.md +++ b/isa/41/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Listen before me in silence ## +# Listen before me in silence Here "me" refers to God. -## you coastlands ## +# you coastlands This refers to the people who live on the islands and in the lands bordering or beyond the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## renew their strength ## +# renew their strength -"regain their courage" +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 40:31](../40/29.md). -## let them come near and speak; let us come near together to argue a dispute ## +# let them come near and speak; let us come near together to argue a dispute -“then let them come near so they may speak and reason with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases share similar meanings. The second explains the reason for the first. AT: "then let them come near so they may speak and reason with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Who stirred up this one from the east? Who calls him in good order to his service? ## +# Who has stirred up one from the east, calling him in righteousness to his service? -Yahweh uses questions to emphasize he is in control of all nations. AT: “I am the one who called this powerful ruler from the east and put him in my good service” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who caused this ruler from the east to be victorious. AT: "I am the one who called this powerful ruler from the east and put him in my good service." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## He hands nations over to him ## +# He hands nations over to him -"I give the nations over to the one from the east" +"I give the nations over to him" or "The one who does these things hands nations over to him" -## he makes them as the dust with his sword, as wind-blown stubble with his bow ## +# He turns them to dust with his sword, like windblown stubble with his bow -blown stubble with his bow** - This means the man from the east will easily destroy the people and kings of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +Turning them to dust and stubble is a metaphor or exaggeration for completely destroying everything the people of these nations have made. The armies of one from the east will conquer these nations and scatter the people easily. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/03.md b/isa/41/03.md index f491cdefd9..53a87fa92c 100644 --- a/isa/41/03.md +++ b/isa/41/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the coastlands and the nations. -## He pursues them and passes by safely ## +# He pursues them and passes by safely -"The powerful ruler from the east and his army pursue the nations, and the nations do not harm him" +"The ruler from the east pursues the nations" -## by a swift path that his feet scarcely touch ## +# by a swift path that his feet scarcely touch -"and he and his army will even move quickly over paths they have never traveled before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which he and his army moving very quickly is spoken of as if his feet barely touch the ground. AT: "by a path on which he moves with great speed" or 2) "feet" represents the whole person and the phrase indicates that this is a path that they have not traveled before. AT: "by a path that he has never traveled before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Who has performed and accomplished these deeds? Who has called forth the generations from the beginning? ## +# Who has performed and accomplished these deeds? -Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that he is the one in control of all people and nations. AT: "I, Yahweh, the first, and with the last ones, I am he who performed and accomplished these deeds. I called forth the generations from the beginning." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who has done these things. AT: "I have performed and accomplished these deeds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the first, and with the last ones ## +# Who has summoned the generations from the beginning? -This means God has no beginning or ending. He is eternal. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "generations" represents all of human history, which Yahweh created and directed throughout history. The rhetorical question anticipates the answer, Yahweh. AT: "I have summoned the generations of humanity from the beginning." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# performed and accomplished + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is the one who has done these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the first, and with the last ones + +Possible meanings are 1) that Yahweh existed before creation and will exist at the end of creation or 2) that Yahweh was before the first generation of humanity and will be at the last generation of humanity. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/05.md b/isa/41/05.md index 99378b188a..4831332941 100644 --- a/isa/41/05.md +++ b/isa/41/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## The isles ## +# The isles ... the ends of the earth -You can translate "isles" the same way you did "coastlands" in [Isaiah 41:1](./01.md). +These phrases represent the people who live in those places. AT: "People who live on the isles ... people who live at the ends of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## anvil ## +# The isles + +You can translate "isles" the same way you translated "coastlands" in [Isaiah 41:1](./01.md). + +# the ends of the earth + +The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. AT "the farthest places of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they approach and come + +This doublet means that the people gather together. AT: "they come together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# anvil an iron block on which a person shapes metal with a hammer -## They fasten it with nails so it will not topple over. ## +# saying of the welding -Here "it" refers to the idol which they are repairing because they think it will protect them from Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "welding" refers to the process of fastening the gold to the wood as the workers finish making the idol. + +# They fasten it with nails so it will not topple over. + +Here "it" refers to the idol that they have made. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/08.md b/isa/41/08.md index bbbb06e9e5..919e6c182c 100644 --- a/isa/41/08.md +++ b/isa/41/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## you whom I am bringing back from the ends of the earth, and whom I called from the far away places ## +# you whom I am bringing back from the ends of the earth, and whom I called from the far away places -These mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is bringing the people of Israel back to their land from distant countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the ends of the earth + +The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:5](./05.md). AT "the farthest places of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have chosen you and not rejected you + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second states in negative terms what the first states in positive terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/10.md b/isa/41/10.md index 0c114266fd..b64aef65fd 100644 --- a/isa/41/10.md +++ b/isa/41/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## I will uphold you with the right hand of my deserved victory ## +# I will uphold you with my righteous right hand -Here "right hand" refers to God's power. AT: "I will support you with my powerful and righteous hand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh strengthening his people is spoken of as if he were holding them with his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my righteous right hand + +Here "right hand" represents Yahweh's power. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh's right hand is righteous in that he will always do the right thing. AT: "my righteous power" or 2) Yahweh's right hand is victorious in that he will always succeed in what he does. AT: "my victorious power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/11.md b/isa/41/11.md index 2204005c05..b20c1c2eef 100644 --- a/isa/41/11.md +++ b/isa/41/11.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## they will ## +# they will be ashamed and disgraced, all who have been angry with you -"the people of the nations will" \ No newline at end of file +"all who have been angry with you will be ashamed and disgraced" + +# ashamed and disgraced + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of their shame. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they will be as nothing and will perish, those who oppose you + +"those who oppose you will be as nothing and will perish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/12.md b/isa/41/12.md index 17ffd32ddc..43bb084083 100644 --- a/isa/41/12.md +++ b/isa/41/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## will hold your right hand ## +# I ... will hold your right hand -This means God will be their strength and comforter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh helping the people of Israel is spoken of as if he were holding their right hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/14.md b/isa/41/14.md index c39393ed84..61356c86e4 100644 --- a/isa/41/14.md +++ b/isa/41/14.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Jacob you worm, and you men of Israel ## +# Jacob you worm, and you men of Israel -Here "Jacob" and "men of Israel" mean the same thing. AT: “you descendants of Jacob who are small and weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "Jacob" and "men of Israel" mean the same thing. AT: "you people of Israel who are like worms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## declaration of Yahweh ## +# Jacob you worm -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:21](../14/21.md). +Possible meanings are 1) that this refers to the opinions of other nations regarding the people of Israel or 2) that this refers to Israel's own opinion of themselves. Yahweh speaks of their insignificance as if they were a worm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Holy One of Israel ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Look, I am making you like a sharp threshing sledge, new and two-edged you will thresh the mountains and crush them; you will make the hills like chaff ## +# Holy One of Israel -edged you will thresh the mountains and crush them; you will make the hills like chaff** - A threshing sledge was a board with sharp spikes that someone would drag over the wheat to separate the grain from the chaff. This means God will make the people strong enough to defeat their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). -## you will thresh the mountains and crush them ## +# I am making you like a sharp threshing sledge ... you will make the hills like chaff -Yahweh compares the power he will give Israel to a sledge that will tear down mountains. AT: "you will be so strong you will defeat powerful nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Yahweh speaks of enabling Israel to defeat their enemies as if he were making the nation a threshing sledge that will level mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the mountains ## +# a sharp threshing sledge -Yahweh compares the powerful nations to mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +A threshing sledge was a board with sharp spikes that someone would drag over the wheat to separate the grain from the chaff. + +# two-edged + +This refers to the edges of the spikes that were attached to the threshing sledge. That they are "two-edged" means that they are very sharp. + +# you will thresh the mountains and crush them + +This is a double metaphor. The mountains are a metaphor for grain, and threshing grain is a metaphor for the Israelites defeating the powerful enemy nations near them. AT: "you will thresh your enemies and crush them as if they were grain, even though they appear to be as strong as mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# you will make the hills like chaff + +The hills are a metaphor for the powerful enemy nations near Israel. People having the wind blow the chaff away after they have threshed the grain is a metaphor for them allowing Yahweh to destroy their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/16.md b/isa/41/16.md index 5ccd6ec737..f2dac69a84 100644 --- a/isa/41/16.md +++ b/isa/41/16.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues describing to the people of Israel how they will defeat their enemies. (See: [Isaiah 41:14](./14.md)) +# Connecting Statement: -## You will winnow them, and the wind will carry them away; the wind will scatter them. ## +Yahweh continues to use the metaphor of separating grain from chaff to describe how Israel will defeat their enemies. -Yahweh tells the people of Israel they will defeat their enemies so completely that they will disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# You will winnow them ... the wind will scatter them + +Here the word "them" refers to the mountains and hill in [Isaiah 41:15](./14.md). This represents the next step in the process of threshing grain, in which the grain is winnowed to get rid of the chaff. Israel's enemies will disappear like chaff blown away by the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wind will carry them away; the wind will scatter them + +These two phrases mean the same thing. AT: "the wind will blow them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/17.md b/isa/41/17.md index f72ced7289..0bf77b6636 100644 --- a/isa/41/17.md +++ b/isa/41/17.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh speaks of people who are in extreme need as if they are extremely thirsty, and of his provision for them as if he caused water to appear in places where it normally would not appear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/19.md b/isa/41/19.md index 96ec817ba2..a841077173 100644 --- a/isa/41/19.md +++ b/isa/41/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## the myrtle...the pine, and the cypress ## +# the myrtle ... the pines and the cypress box trees -These are types of trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are types of trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# the hand of Yahweh has done this + +Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "Yahweh has done this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/21.md b/isa/41/21.md index 37748b6641..9c3cbb115c 100644 --- a/isa/41/21.md +++ b/isa/41/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Present your case," says Yahweh...how they were fulfilled ## +# General Information: -Here Yahweh is mocking the people and their idols. He is challenging the idols to tell what will happen in the future, but he knows they cannot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +In these verses, Yahweh is mocking the people and their idols. He is challenging the idols to tell what will happen in the future, but he knows they cannot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/23.md b/isa/41/23.md index af3b28e43a..64abd361cf 100644 --- a/isa/41/23.md +++ b/isa/41/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -22]]) +# Connecting Statement: -## Do something good or evil ## +Yahweh continues to mock the idols and the people who worship them. (See: [Isaiah 41:21-22](./21.md)) -AT: "Do anything at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +# do something good or evil -## he who chooses you ## +The words "good" and "evil" form a merism and represent anything. AT: "do anything at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -Here "you" is plural and refers to the idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the one who chooses you + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the idols. AT: "the person who chooses you idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/25.md b/isa/41/25.md index 36297d17eb..c0da538966 100644 --- a/isa/41/25.md +++ b/isa/41/25.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## I have raised up one ## +# I have raised up one -"I have appointed and given the strength" +Yahweh speaks of appointing a person as if he raised that person up. AT: "I have appointed one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## from the sun's rising ## +# from the sun's rising -AT: “from the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This refers to the east, the direction from which the sun rises. AT: "from the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and he will trample the rulers like mud, like a potter who is treading on the clay ## +# him who calls on my name -This means this king and his army will defeat their enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Possible meanings are 1) that this person invokes Yahweh for his success or 2) that this person worships Yahweh. -## he will trample the rulers ## +# he will trample the rulers -AT: "he will conquer the rulers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Conquering the rulers of other nations is spoken of as if it were trampling them under foot. AT: "he will conquer the rulers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Who announced this from the beginning, that we might know? And before time, that we may say, 'He is right'? ## +# like a potter who is treading on the clay -Yahweh uses questions to scold the people and their idols. AT: "I was the one who announced this a long time ago, so that you might know and say 'Yahweh is right.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh compares the way in which this person will trample the other rulers with the way that a potter tramples on clay to mix it with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Indeed none of them decreed it, yes, none heard you say anything ## +# Who announced this from the beginning, that we might know? Before this time, that we may say, "He is right"? -"Certainly, none of your idols announced it. They did not say anything" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses these rhetorical questions to mock the idols that the people worship. The implied answers are 1) that the idols have not done these things and 2) that Yahweh is the one who has done these things. AT: "None of the idols announced this from the beginning, that we might know. And none of them announced this before time, that we may say, 'He is right.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Indeed none of them decreed it, yes, none heard you say anything + +"Indeed, none of the idols decreed it. Indeed, no one heard you idols say anything" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/27.md b/isa/41/27.md index 1605ef87a6..09c3079a6f 100644 --- a/isa/41/27.md +++ b/isa/41/27.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## not one among them ## +# not one among them "not one idol" -## their cast-poured figures are wind and emptiness ## +# their cast metal figures are wind and emptiness -poured figures are wind and emptiness** - This means the idols that the people have made are worthless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the worthlessness of the idols as if the idols are wind and nothing at all. AT: "their idols are all worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/41/intro.md b/isa/41/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bf6b0d949c --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/41/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 41 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Mocking ##### +Yahweh tells the people to present their best arguments in favor of honoring their idols. In this Yahweh challenges the people. Yahweh mocks or insults these false gods because they are not real and have no power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 41:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../40/intro.md) | [>>](../42/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/01.md b/isa/42/01.md index 264a2b2e72..d6f5d72ab5 100644 --- a/isa/42/01.md +++ b/isa/42/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## Behold, my servant ## +# Behold, my servant -AT: “Look, my servant” or "Here is my servant" +"Look, my servant" or "Here is my servant" -## in whom my soul delights ## +# in him I take delight -AT: "with whom I am very happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"with whom I am very happy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/03.md b/isa/42/03.md index a348d1ac4f..b5b408cf51 100644 --- a/isa/42/03.md +++ b/isa/42/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## A crushed reed he will not break and a dimly burning wick he will not quench ## +# A crushed reed he will not break, and a dimly burning wick he will not quench -The "​crushed reed" and "dimly burning wick" refers to weak and helpless people. ​ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of weak and helpless people as if they were crushed reeds and dimly burning wicks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## bruised reed ## +# crushed reed -A reed is the long, thin stem of a plant like tall grass. If it is bruised (damaged) it cannot carry any weight. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 36:6](../36/06.md). +A reed is the long, thin stem of a plant like tall grass. If it is crushed, it cannot carry any weight. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 36:6](../36/06.md). -## he will not break ## +# he will not break "My servant will not break" -## coastlands ## +# the coastlands -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:1](../41/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the people who live on the islands and in the lands bordering or beyond the Mediterranean Sea. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:1](../41/01.md). AT: "the people who live on the coastlands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/05.md b/isa/42/05.md index e04af7d7cd..856649d146 100644 --- a/isa/42/05.md +++ b/isa/42/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## gives breath to the people on it, and life to those live on it ## +# the one who created the heavens and stretched them out, the one who made the earth -These phrases emphasize that Yahweh gives life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The prophet speaks of Yahweh creating the heavens and the earth as if the heavens and earth were fabric which Yahweh stretched out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## have called you ## +# gives breath to the people on it and life to those who live on it -Here "you" is singular and refers to Yahweh's servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh gives life to every person. The word "breath" is a metonym for life. AT: "gives life to the people who live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# have called you + +Here "you" is singular and refers to Yahweh's servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I will ... set you as a covenant for the people + +Here the word "covenant" is a metonym for the one who establishes or mediates a covenant. AT: "I will ... make you be the mediator of a covenant with the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a light for the Gentiles + +Yahweh speaks of making his servant the one who delivers the nations from bondage as if he were making him a light that shines in dark places for the Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/07.md b/isa/42/07.md index df30533ffd..4c1d6b7203 100644 --- a/isa/42/07.md +++ b/isa/42/07.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues describing what his servant will do. -## the dungeon...the house of confinement ## +# to open the eyes of the blind -These both mean "prison." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Causing blind people to see is spoken of as if it were opening their eyes. Also, Yahweh speaks of his servant delivering those who have been wrongly imprisoned as if his servant were restoring sight to blind people. AT: "to enable the blind to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to release the prisoners from the dungeon, and from the house of confinement those who sit in darkness + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The verb may be supplied in the second phrase. AT: "to release the prisoners from the dungeon, and to release those who sit in darkness from the house in which they are confined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/08.md b/isa/42/08.md index 2bab7c4cc4..2ba7922e3d 100644 --- a/isa/42/08.md +++ b/isa/42/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## I will tell you ## +# nor my praise with carved idols + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "nor will I share my praise with carved idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# my praise + +This refers to the praise that Yahweh receives from people. + +# I will tell you Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/10.md b/isa/42/10.md index 0173e8f399..888723f297 100644 --- a/isa/42/10.md +++ b/isa/42/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## and all that is in, the coastlands, and those who live there ## +# the sea, and all that is in it, the coastlands, and those who live there -"and all the creatures that live in the sea, and all those who live on the coastlands." +"and all the creatures that live in the sea, and all those who live on the coastlands" -## Let the desert and the cities cry out ## +# Let the desert and the cities cry out This refers to the people who live in the desert and the cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Kedar ## +# Kedar -This is a city north of Arabia. See how this was translated in [Isaiah 21:16](../21/16.md) +This is a city north of Arabia. See how this was translated in [Isaiah 21:16](../21/16.md) -## Sela ## +# Sela -This is a city in Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the inhabitants of Sela." Sela is a city in Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/12.md b/isa/42/12.md index 83e2755da7..1143704a4a 100644 --- a/isa/42/12.md +++ b/isa/42/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## Let them give glory ## +# Let them give glory -Here "them" refers to the people along the coast lands. +Here "them" refers to the people along the coastlands. -## Yahweh will go out as a warrior; he will go forth as a man of war ## +# Yahweh will go out as a warrior; as a man of war -This means Yahweh will show his strength and power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is compared with a warrior who is ready to defeat his people's enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# he will stir up his zeal + +Here "zeal" refers to the passion that a warrior experiences when he is about to fight a battle. Yahweh stimulating his zeal is spoken of as if he stirred it up like the wind stirs up waves of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/14.md b/isa/42/14.md index a3fbdb8247..dc41cc3080 100644 --- a/isa/42/14.md +++ b/isa/42/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## I will cry out like a woman in labor ## +# I have kept quiet for a long time; I have been still and restrained myself -This means instead of being quiet Yahweh will cry out against his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +These two lines share similar meanings. Yahweh's inactivity is described as quietness and stillness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the marshes ## +# I have been still and restrained myself -A marsh is an area of soft, wet land, with many tall grasses and pools of water. \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and indicate that Yahweh has kept himself from acting. AT: "I have kept myself from doing anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# I will cry out like a woman in labor; I will gasp and pant + +Yahweh's activity as a shouting warrior is compared with a pregnant woman who cries from labor pains. This emphasizes sudden unavoidable action after a period of inactivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I will lay waste mountains ... will dry up the marshes + +Yahweh uses this metaphorical language to describe his great power to conquer his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the marshes + +A marsh is an area of soft, wet land with pools of water. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/16.md b/isa/42/16.md index f72ced7289..29cd47fc67 100644 --- a/isa/42/16.md +++ b/isa/42/16.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues speaking. + +# I will bring the blind by a way that they do not know; in paths that they do not know I will lead them + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "I will lead the blind in paths that they do not know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the blind + +Yahweh speaks of his people being helpless as if they could not see because they were blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that they do not know + +Possible meanings are 1) "that they have never traveled" or 2) "with which they are unfamiliar." + +# I will turn the darkness into light before them + +Yahweh speaks of his people being helpless as if they could not see because they walked in darkness, and of his helping them as if he caused light to shine in the darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/17.md b/isa/42/17.md index d9a986b6cb..8962444f40 100644 --- a/isa/42/17.md +++ b/isa/42/17.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## They will be turned back, they will be completely put to shame ## +# They will be turned back, they will be completely put to shame -AT: "I will reject them and put them to shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Rejecting those who worship idols is spoken of as if it is forcing them to turn back and move the opposite direction. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will reject them and put them to shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/18.md b/isa/42/18.md index c66d575e7b..48c8026bcf 100644 --- a/isa/42/18.md +++ b/isa/42/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## you deaf...you blind ## +# you deaf ... you blind -Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. The people are spiritually deaf and blind which means they do not listen to or obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. Yahweh speaks of their failure to listen to him and obey him as if they are deaf and blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Who is blind...as Yahweh's servant? ## +# Who is blind but my servant? Or deaf like my messenger I send? -In 42:18 Yahweh uses questions to scold his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh asks these rhetorical questions to scold his people and to emphasize that no one is as blind or deaf as they are. AT: "No one is as blind as my servant. No one is as deaf as my messenger whom I send." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who is as blind as my covenant partner, or blind as Yahweh's servant? + +Yahweh asks these rhetorical questions to scold his people and to emphasize that no one is as blind or deaf as they are. AT: "No one is as blind as my covenant partner. No one is as blind as Yahweh's servant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/20.md b/isa/42/20.md index b24501b90c..953a563e9f 100644 --- a/isa/42/20.md +++ b/isa/42/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## You see many things, but do not comprehend ## +# You see many things, but do not comprehend -"Although you see many things, you do not know understand what they mean" +"Although you see many things, you do not understand what they mean" -## It pleased Yahweh to praise his justice and to make his law glorious ## +# ears are open, but no one hears -"Yahweh was pleased to honor his justice and his law" \ No newline at end of file +The ability to hear is spoken of as if the ears were open. Here the word "hears" refers to understanding what one hears. AT: "people hear, but no one understands what they hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It pleased Yahweh to praise his justice and to make his law glorious + +"Yahweh was pleased to honor his justice by making his law glorious." The second part of the phrase explains how Yahweh accomplished the first part. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/22.md b/isa/42/22.md index 2f7e81b8c7..600983914b 100644 --- a/isa/42/22.md +++ b/isa/42/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## But this is a people robbed and plundered ## +# But this is a people robbed and plundered -AT: "But the enemy has robbed and plundered this people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But the enemy has robbed and plundered this people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## held captive in prisons ## +# robbed and plundered -AT: "and they are prisoners" or "and the enemy has put them in prisons" \ No newline at end of file +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the enemy had plundered them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they are all trapped in pits, held captive in prisons + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the enemy has trapped them all in pits and held them captive in prisons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/23.md b/isa/42/23.md index 1fe8e7c967..849933d96b 100644 --- a/isa/42/23.md +++ b/isa/42/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Who among you ## +# General Information: + +Here Isaiah begins speaking. + +# Who among you Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Who gave Jacob over to the robber, and Israel to the looters? ## +# Who gave Jacob over to the robber, and Israel to the looters? -Isaiah uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh was the one that allowed the enemy to conquer the people of Israel. AT: "It was Yahweh who gave the people of Israel over to robbers and looters." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing. Isaiah uses this as a leading question in order to emphasize the answer that he will give in the next phrase. AT: "I will tell you who gave the people of Israel over to robbers and looters." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Was it not Yahweh, against whom we have sinned, in whose ways they refused to walk, and whose law they refused to obey ## +# Was it not Yahweh ... refused to obey? -Isaiah uses another question for the same reason. Here "we" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. The word "they" also refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah still included himself as part of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Isaiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that Yahweh alone was responsible for Israel's situation, and to explain the reason that Yahweh did it. AT: "It was certainly Yahweh ... refused to obey." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# against whom we have sinned + +Here the word "we" refers to the people of Israel and to Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# in whose ways they refused to walk, and whose law they refused to obey + +The word "they" also refers to the people of Israel and to Isaiah. The two phrases mean the same thing. In the first, obeying Yahweh's laws is spoken of as if it were walking in the paths in which Yahweh commanded them to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/25.md b/isa/42/25.md index e8198a6fc0..303d780d38 100644 --- a/isa/42/25.md +++ b/isa/42/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking. -## Therefore he ## +# Therefore he "Therefore Yahweh" -## against them ## +# he poured out his fierce anger against them -Here "them" refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah still included himself as part of the people. AT: "against us" +Isaiah speaks of Yahweh's anger as if it were a liquid that could be poured out. AT: "he demonstrated his fierce anger towards them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## It blazed around them...it burned them ## +# against them -Isaiah describes Yahweh's anger as a fire to emphasize its power to destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"against us." Here "them" refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah still included himself as part of the people. + +# with the devastation of war + +The word "devastation" can be translated with a verb. AT: "by devastating them with war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# It blazed around them ... it burned them + +Isaiah speaks of Yahweh's fierce anger as if it were a fire that burned the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they did not take it to heart + +Paying attention to something and learning from it is spoken of as if it were placing that thing on one's heart. AT: "they did not pay attention" or "they did not learn from it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/42/intro.md b/isa/42/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5931357ea3 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/42/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Isaiah 42 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +Many scholars believe that there are four songs or poems which Isaiah records about the messiah. Isaiah 42:1-4 is the first of these songs. They are often called the "servant songs" because they focus on the messiah being a servant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Servant ##### +Israel is called Yahweh's servant. The messiah is also called the servant of Yahweh. It is likely that the two different usages of the word "servant" are intended to contrast with one another. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 42:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../41/intro.md) | [>>](../43/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/01.md b/isa/43/01.md index 0f75fb5714..93e0781b93 100644 --- a/isa/43/01.md +++ b/isa/43/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## he who created you, Jacob, and he who formed you, Israel ## +# he who created you, Jacob, and he who formed you, Israel -Both clauses mean the same thing. AT: "the one who created you, O people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]). \ No newline at end of file +Both clauses mean the same thing. AT: "the one who created you, O people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/02.md b/isa/43/02.md index 2907e70a18..56447ba154 100644 --- a/isa/43/02.md +++ b/isa/43/02.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## when you pass through the waters...nor will the flames harm you ## +# When you pass through the waters ... the flames will not destroy you -God means that he will be with the people of Israel no matter what difficult situations they experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of suffering and difficult experiences as if they are deep waters and fires through which the people walk. The words "waters" and "flames" form a merism and emphasize any difficult circumstance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## Seba ## +# When you pass through the waters, I will be with you; and through the rivers, they will not overwhelm you + +These two statements mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people will experience no harm because Yahweh is with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# you will not be burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will not burn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I have given Egypt as your ransom, Cush and Seba in exchange for you + +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh will allow Israel's enemy to conquer these nations instead of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Seba This is the name of a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/04.md b/isa/43/04.md index ec17b74a79..866226e9cf 100644 --- a/isa/43/04.md +++ b/isa/43/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## precious and special in my sight ## +# Since you are precious and special in my sight -AT: "you are very precious to me" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "precious" and "special" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much Yahweh values his people. AT: "Because you are very precious to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## therefore I will give people in exchange for you, and other peoples in exchange for your life ## +# therefore I will give people in exchange for you, and other peoples in exchange for your life -Both phrases mean the same thing. AT: "therefore I will let the enemy conquer other peoples instead of you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both phrases mean the same thing. AT: "therefore I will let the enemy conquer other peoples instead of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will bring your offspring from the east, and gather you from the west + +The directions "east" and "west" form a merism and represent from every direction. AT: "I will bring you and your offspring from every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/06.md b/isa/43/06.md index 9d8d953841..2db1258968 100644 --- a/isa/43/06.md +++ b/isa/43/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## say to the north...to the south ## +# say to the north ... to the south -Yahweh speaks to these directions as if commanding the nations in those locations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh speaks to "the north" and "the south" as if commanding the nations in those locations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## my sons...my daughters ## +# my sons ... my daughters -This means all of God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Yahweh speaks of the people who belong to him as if they were his children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## everyone who is called by my name ## +# everyone who is called by my name -This means everyone who belongs to God and worships him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AT: "Everyone whom Yahweh calls by his name and creates for his glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here to be called by someone's name represents belonging to that person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "everyone whom I have called by my name" or "everyone who belongs to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## whom I have formed, yes, whom I have made ## +# whom I have formed, yes, whom I have made Both of these mean the same thing and emphasize that it is God who made the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/08.md b/isa/43/08.md index 2ec35178e3..01e576cad6 100644 --- a/isa/43/08.md +++ b/isa/43/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the blind people...the deaf ## +# the people who are blind ... the deaf -This refers to those who are spiritually blind and deaf. This means they do not listen to or obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of those who do not listen to him or obey him as if they were blind and deaf. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Who among them could have declared this and announced to us earlier events? ## +# Who among them could have declared this and announced to us earlier events? -Here "us" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. Isaiah uses a question to mock the people of other nations and their idols. AT: "None of them could have declared this or told us what would happen in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question applies to the gods whom the people of the nations worship. The implied answer is that none of them could do this. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "None of their gods could have declared this or announced to us earlier events." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Let them bring their witnesses to prove themselves right, let them listen and affirm, 'It is true." ## +# announced to us earlier events -Isaiah challenges them to prove that the idols could tell them the future. But, he knows they cannot. AT: "None of them can say they heard their idol tell what would happen in the future." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase refers to their ability to tell about events that happened in the past before they happened. AT: "announced to us earlier events before they happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let them bring their witnesses to prove themselves right, let them listen and affirm, 'It is true.' + +Yahweh challenges the gods whom the nations worship to provide witnesses who will testify that they have been able to do these things, although he knows that they cannot do so. AT: "These gods have no witnesses who will prove them right, witnesses who will listen and affirm, 'It is true'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/10.md b/isa/43/10.md index 44d8b7eac0..365343fc3c 100644 --- a/isa/43/10.md +++ b/isa/43/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## You ## +# You ... my servant -Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. The phrase "my servant" refers to the nation, as a whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## I, I am ## +# Before me ... after me -The word "I" is repeated for emphasis. +In speaking this way, Yahweh is not saying that there was a time before which he did not exist or a time after which he will not exist. He is asserting that he is eternal and that the gods whom the people of other nations worship are not. -## there is no savior but me ## +# Before me there was no god formed -AT: "I am the only savior" or "I am the only one who can save you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "formed" indicates that Yahweh is speaking of idols that people have made. This can be stated in active form. AT: "None of the gods whom people have formed existed before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there will be none after me + +"none of those gods will exist after me" + +# I, I am Yahweh + +The word "I" is repeated to emphasize the focus on Yahweh. AT: "I alone am Yahweh" or "I myself am Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# there is no savior but me + +This can be expressed positively. AT: "I am the only savior" or "I am the only one who can save you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/12.md b/isa/43/12.md index 10e7bceb8b..4a39f884e8 100644 --- a/isa/43/12.md +++ b/isa/43/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## no one can rescue anyone from my hand ## +# no one can rescue anyone from my hand -AT: "no one can save someone from my powerful hand" +Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh's power. AT: "no one can rescue anyone from my power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## who can turn it back? ## +# who can turn it back? -Yahweh uses a question to emphasize his power. AT: "no one can stop me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses this question to say that no one can turn back his hand. It can be translated as a statement. Turning back his hand represents stopping him from doing something. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 14:27](../14/26.md). AT: "no one can turn it back." or "no one can stop me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/14.md b/isa/43/14.md index 253e02d06f..ddde7bcdd9 100644 --- a/isa/43/14.md +++ b/isa/43/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## I send to Babylon and lead them all down ## +# Holy One of Israel -Yahweh uses the army of the enemy of Babylon to destroy the empire and capture the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). -## Redeemer ## +# I send to Babylon and lead them all down -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md). +The object of the verb "send" may be supplied in translation. AT: "I send an army to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Holy One of Israel ## +# lead them all down as fugitives -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). +"lead all of the Babylonians down as fugitives" -## fugitives ## +# fugitives -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 15:5](../15/05.md). - -## turning the Babylonians' expressions of joy into songs of lamentation ## - -"turning the Babylonians' joy into sadness" \ No newline at end of file +A fugitive is a person who runs away so that his enemy will not capture him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/16.md b/isa/43/16.md index 151e6deb17..7298ad9527 100644 --- a/isa/43/16.md +++ b/isa/43/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## who opened a way...like a burning wick ## +# who opened a way ... like a burning wick -In 43:16-17 Isaiah speaks of an event that happened in the past. God saved the people of Israel from the Egyptian army by separating the waters of the Red Sea so the people of Israel could walk across, but God drowned the army of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +In these verses, Isaiah speaks of the events following the exodus from Egypt, when Yahweh divided the sea to let the Israelites walk through on dry ground but then drowned the Egyptian army. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they are extinguished, quenched like a burning wick ## +# They fell down together; they will never rise again -This means God brought the lives of the soldiers to an end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Dying is spoken of as if it were falling down to the ground. AT: "They all died together; they will never live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# they are extinguished, quenched like a burning wick + +The people dying is spoken of as if they were burning candle wicks that someone has extinguished. This can be stated in active form. AT: "their lives have ended, like a person extinguishes the flame of a burning candle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/18.md b/isa/43/18.md index 8e5fe388ef..1b22200942 100644 --- a/isa/43/18.md +++ b/isa/43/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## former things…the things of long ago ## +# Do not think about these former things, nor consider the things of long ago. -“what happened in the past” (See: Doublet) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that they are not to worry about what happened in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Look ## +# Look -"Listen" or "Pay attention" +This word is used to draw attention to the important information that follows. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention" -## do you not perceive it? ## +# do you not perceive it? -Yahweh uses a question to teach the people of Israel. AT: "Surely you have noticed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses a question to teach the people of Israel. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "surely you have noticed it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/20.md b/isa/43/20.md index fbedc56500..465c7ea170 100644 --- a/isa/43/20.md +++ b/isa/43/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## wild animals of the field will honor me, the jackals and the ostriches, ## +# wild animals of the field will honor me, the jackals and the ostriches -Animals honor Yahweh as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here animals honor Yahweh as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the jackals and the ostriches ## +# the jackals and the ostriches -See how you translated the names of these animals in [Isaiah 13:21](../13/21.md). - -## the jackals and the ostriches ## - -These animals also honor Yahweh just as the animals in the field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are examples of the kinds of animals that will honor Yahweh. See how you translated the names of these animals in [Isaiah 13:21-22](../13/21.md). The understood information can be supplied to make the meaning clear. AT: "the jackals and the ostriches will honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/22.md b/isa/43/22.md index 88fd44c8ed..7a1dad4f16 100644 --- a/isa/43/22.md +++ b/isa/43/22.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/24.md b/isa/43/24.md index 7e28c13a7b..13408b07b8 100644 --- a/isa/43/24.md +++ b/isa/43/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## sweet-smelling cane ## +# sweet-smelling cane -smelling cane** - This is a plant with a pleasant smell used to make anointing oil. It did not grow in the land of Israel so the people had to buy it from other nations. +This is a plant with a pleasant smell used to make anointing oil. It did not grow in the land of Israel so the people had to buy it from other nations. -## burdened me with your sins, you have wearied me with your evil deeds ## +# burdened me with your sins, you have wearied me with your evil deeds These both mean the same thing and emphasize the complaint Yahweh has with his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## burdened me with your sins ## +# burdened me with your sins "troubled me with your sins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/25.md b/isa/43/25.md index ae9d34f9b8..b0e7d1019f 100644 --- a/isa/43/25.md +++ b/isa/43/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## I, yes, I ## +# I, yes, I -The word "I" is repeated for emphasis. +The word "I" is repeated for emphasis. AT: "I alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## for my own sake ## +# who blots out your offenses + +Forgiving sins is spoken of as either 1) blotting them out or wiping them away or 2) erasing a written record of the sins. AT: "who forgives your offenses like someone wiping something away" or "who forgives your offenses like someone who erases a record of sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for my own sake "for my own honor" or "for my own reputation" -## call to mind ## +# call to mind -AT: "remember" \ No newline at end of file +"remember" + +# present your cause, that you may be proved innocent + +Yahweh challenges the people to offer proof that they are innocent of the charges that he has brought against them, although he knows that they cannot do so. AT: "present your case, but you cannot prove yourselves to be innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# that you may be proved innocent + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you may prove yourselves innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/27.md b/isa/43/27.md index 8c830da21a..ab23194fab 100644 --- a/isa/43/27.md +++ b/isa/43/27.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## I will hand Jacob over to the destructive ban, and Israel to abusive humiliation ## +# Your first father sinned -Here "Jacob" and "Israel" mean the same thing. AT: "I will allow the enemy to completely destroy and humiliate the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the founder of Israel and may represent either Abraham or Jacob. + +# I will hand Jacob over to complete destruction + +Here to "hand over" represents putting someone under the power of another. The noun "destruction" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I will cause the enemy to completely destroy Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Israel to abusive humiliation + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase, with which this phrase is parallel. The noun "humiliation" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I will allow the enemy to abuse and humiliate Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/43/intro.md b/isa/43/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e01909b08a --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/43/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 43 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Exodus ##### +This chapter pictures Judah's eventual return from exile in Babylon as a kind of second exodus. It was reminiscent of their exodus from Egypt. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Exile ##### +This chapter prophesies about the Jews return from Babylon, but the exile has yet to happen and is still more than a hundred years in the future. These events will show that Yahweh alone is God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 43:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../42/intro.md) | [>>](../44/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/01.md b/isa/44/01.md index 7c5edc8c6b..077b4ab441 100644 --- a/isa/44/01.md +++ b/isa/44/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Jacob my servant ## +# Jacob my servant -AT: "descendants of Jacob my servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to Jacob's descendants. AT: "descendants of Jacob, my servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Jeshuran ## +# he who made you and formed you in the womb + +Yahweh speaks of creating the nation of Israel as if it were forming the nation as a baby in its mother's womb. AT: "he who made you, as I form a baby in the womb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you, Jeshurun, whom I have chosen + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "you, Jeshurun, whom I have chosen, do not fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Jeshurun This also refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/03.md b/isa/44/03.md index 4f32364704..2920f29261 100644 --- a/isa/44/03.md +++ b/isa/44/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## They will spring up among the grass, like willows by the streams of water ## +# I will pour water on the thirsty ground, and flowing streams on the dry ground -This means God's Spirit will cause the people of Israel to prosper and multiply. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh speaks of giving his Spirit to the people of Israel as if he were causing rain to fall and streams to flow on dry ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## willow ## +# the thirsty ground -a tree with thin branches that grows near the water \ No newline at end of file +Dry ground is spoken of as if it were a thirsty person. AT: "the dry ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I will pour my Spirit on your offspring + +Yahweh speaks of giving his Spirit to the people as if his Spirit were liquid that he pours out on them. AT: "I will give my Spirit to your offspring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my blessing on your children + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "I will pour out my blessing on your children" or "I will give my blessing to your children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# They will spring up among the grass, like willows by the streams of water + +The people of Israel being prosperous and multiplying is spoken of as if they were plants that grow because they have plenty of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# willows + +A willow is a tree with thin branches that grows near the water. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/05.md b/isa/44/05.md index 320c77e500..a8033f2b10 100644 --- a/isa/44/05.md +++ b/isa/44/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel -## and another will be named after Jacob ## +# another will call out the name of Jacob -AT: "and another person will name himself "descendant of Jacob'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"another person will say he is a descendant of Jacob" -## and be called by the name of Israel ## +# name himself by the name of Israel -AT: "and any person will call him 'descendant of Israel'" \ No newline at end of file +"call himself a descendant of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/06.md b/isa/44/06.md index 94721397cd..88f0fd971c 100644 --- a/isa/44/06.md +++ b/isa/44/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## her Redeemer ## +# his Redeemer -"the one who saves the people of Israel" +"Israel's Redeemer" -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# Yahweh of hosts -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -## I am the first, and I am the last ## +# I am the first, and I am the last -This means God has no beginning or ending. He is eternal. \ No newline at end of file +This phrase emphasizes Yahweh's eternal nature. Possible meanings are 1) "I am the one who began all things, and I am the one who ends all things" or 2) "I am the one who has always lived, and I am the one who always will live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/07.md b/isa/44/07.md index 6ad9bf52a3..98442b9f29 100644 --- a/isa/44/07.md +++ b/isa/44/07.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## Who is like me? ## +# Who is like me? Let him announce -Yahweh is using this question to make them think deeply about how he is their only God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no one like him. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "If anyone thinks he is like me, let him announce" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/08.md b/isa/44/08.md index be666903be..ecf3d4ec64 100644 --- a/isa/44/08.md +++ b/isa/44/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Have I not declared to you long ago, and announced it? ## +# Do not fear or be afraid -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who predicted the events that have now happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses two similar expressions in order to strengthen his encouragement. AT: "Do not be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Is there any God besides me? ## +# Have I not declared to you long ago, and announced it? -Yahweh uses a question again to emphasize the that there is no other God. +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who predicted the events that have now happened. This can be translated as a statement. The word "announced" means basically the same thing as "declared." AT: "I declared these things to you long ago." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## There is no other Rock ## +# Is there any God besides me? -Here Yahweh compares himself to a rock. This means he has the power to protect his people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses a question again to emphasize that there is no other God. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "There is no God besides me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# There is no other Rock + +Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were a large rock under which people can find shelter. This means he has the power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/09.md b/isa/44/09.md index 2f97cbc3a5..efc4204224 100644 --- a/isa/44/09.md +++ b/isa/44/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## the things they delight in are worthless ## +# the things they delight in are worthless -"the images that are precious to them are useless" +"the idols they delight in are worthless" -## their witnesses cannot see or know anything ## +# their witnesses cannot see or know anything -This means that those who say idols have power are spiritually blind and do not understand the truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This phrase refers to those who worship these idols and who claim to be witnesses of the idols' power. Yahweh speaks of their inability to understand the truth as if they were blind. AT: "those who serve as witnesses for these idols are like blind people who know nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they will be put to shame ## +# they will be put to shame -AT: "and I will put them to shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will be ashamed" or "their idols will put them to shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Who would form a god or cast an idol that is worthless? ## +# Who would form a god or cast an idol that is worthless? -Yahweh is using this question to rebuke those who make idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is using this question to rebuke those who make idols. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Only fools would form a god or cast an idol that is worthless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# cast an idol that is worthless + +The word "worthless" does not distinguish worthless idols from idols that have worth, because all idols are worthless. AT: "cast worthless idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/11.md b/isa/44/11.md index a446af80e4..9c6b81afa7 100644 --- a/isa/44/11.md +++ b/isa/44/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## all his associates will be put to shame ## +# all his associates -AT: "I will put to shame all who help him make his idol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the associates of the craftsman who makes the idol. AT: "all of the craftsman's associates" or 2) this refers to those who associate themselves with the idol by worshiping it. AT: "all those who worship the idol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Let them take their stand together ## +# be put to shame + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let them take their stand together "Let them all come together before me" -## they will cower and be put to shame ## +# they will cower -AT: "they will be afraid and I will put them to shame" \ No newline at end of file +"they will be terrified." To "cower" is to bend over in fear. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/12.md b/isa/44/12.md index 58c08c5bd2..cbab6148b8 100644 --- a/isa/44/12.md +++ b/isa/44/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## forming it ## +# forming it -"forming the idol" \ No newline at end of file +"forming the idol" or "creating the idol" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/13.md b/isa/44/13.md index 43172ed57a..35a8cbe605 100644 --- a/isa/44/13.md +++ b/isa/44/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## with a line ## +# with a line A string was used to outline the shape of the idol in the wood. -## stylus ## +# stylus -This is a sharp tool to scratch the wood so the craftsman can see here to cut, +This is a sharp tool to scratch the wood so the craftsman can see where to cut. -## a compass ## +# a compass This is a tool with two points that spread out used to help mark the wood to make the idol. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/14.md b/isa/44/14.md index 83734b51ff..c95e220ad0 100644 --- a/isa/44/14.md +++ b/isa/44/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## He cuts down ## +# He cuts down "The carpenter cuts down" or "the woodcarver cuts down" -## cypress tree ## +# cypress tree a tall evergreen tree (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/15.md b/isa/44/15.md index 69fe983486..3718137f7d 100644 --- a/isa/44/15.md +++ b/isa/44/15.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# Then a man uses it + +"The man uses the wood" + +# he makes an idol and bows down to it + +This part of the sentence says basically the same as the first to emphasize it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/17.md b/isa/44/17.md deleted file mode 100644 index 78dcab2c2c..0000000000 --- a/isa/44/17.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verse. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/18.md b/isa/44/18.md index e1d98b498b..98cd47d324 100644 --- a/isa/44/18.md +++ b/isa/44/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## for their eyes are blind and cannot see ## +# for their eyes are blind and cannot see -Those who worship idols are spiritually blind. This means they cannot understand God's truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of those who cannot understand the foolishness of worshiping idols as if they were blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for their eyes are blind + +Here "their eyes" represents the whole person. AT: "for they are blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# their hearts cannot perceive + +Here the people are represented by their "hearts." AT: "they cannot understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/19.md b/isa/44/19.md index 8c3bad2fdd..07767a62e6 100644 --- a/isa/44/19.md +++ b/isa/44/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Now should I make the other part of the wood into something disgusting to worship? Should I bow down to a block of wood?" ## +# Now should I make ... something disgusting to worship? Should I bow down to a block of wood? -Yahweh uses these question to emphasize that the people are ignorant for making idols from the same wood they also use for burning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh says that these people should be asking themselves these rhetorical questions. The questions anticipate negative answers and emphasize how foolish it would be for a person to do these things. These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "I should not now make ... something disgusting to worship. I should not bow down to a block of wood." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/20.md b/isa/44/20.md index c39850d0e9..c6ca92c0ed 100644 --- a/isa/44/20.md +++ b/isa/44/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## It is as if he were eating ashes ## +# It is as if he were eating ashes -Yahweh compares worshiping idols to eating ashes. This means the idols are worthless and cannot help anyone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh speaks of a person worshiping an idol as if that person were eating the burned ashes of the wood from which he made the idol. Just as eating ashes does not benefit a person, neither does worshiping an idol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his deceived heart misleads him ## +# his deceived heart misleads him -AT: "he has deceived himself and gone astray" +The heart represents the inner person. AT: "he misleads himself because he is deceived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He cannot rescue his soul ## +# He cannot rescue himself -AT: "The person who worships idols cannot save himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"The person who worships idols cannot save himself" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/21.md b/isa/44/21.md index 46b79a131a..df2b390f76 100644 --- a/isa/44/21.md +++ b/isa/44/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## Jacob, and Israel ## +# Jacob, and Israel -AT: "you descendants of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This refers to people descended from Jacob, Israel. AT: "you descendants of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## you will not be forgotten by me ## +# you will not be forgotten by me -AT: "I will not forget you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not forget you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I have blotted out, like a thick cloud, your rebellious deeds, and like a cloud, your sins ## +# I have blotted out, like a thick cloud, your rebellious deeds, and like a cloud, your sins -Both of these statements mean the same thing. God has removed their sins as quickly and easily as a wind can blow away a cloud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these statements mean the same thing. God has removed their sins as quickly and easily as a wind can blow away a cloud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like a cloud, your sins + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "like a cloud, I have blotted out your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/23.md b/isa/44/23.md index ec186cf84d..e752cb3f60 100644 --- a/isa/44/23.md +++ b/isa/44/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Sing, you heavens...glory in Israel ## +# Sing, you heavens ... glory in Israel -In 44:23 Isaiah turns his attention from the people of Israel and speaks to others as if they were there. Isaiah speaks to the heavens, mountains, and trees as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Isaiah speaks various parts of creation as if they were people and commands them to praise Yawheh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# you depths of the earth + +"you lowest parts of the earth." Possible meanings are 1) that this refers to very deep places on the earth such as caves or canyons and forms a merism with "heavens" in the previous phrase or 2) that this refers to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/24.md b/isa/44/24.md index 1ccc24c8af..fd235c49f4 100644 --- a/isa/44/24.md +++ b/isa/44/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Redeemer ## +# Redeemer -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md). +See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md). -## who formed you in the womb ## +# he who formed you from the womb -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 44:1](./01.md). +Yahweh speaks of creating the nation of Israel as if it were forming the nation as a baby in its mother's womb. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 44:2](./01.md). AT: "he who made you, as I form a baby in the womb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## stretched out the heavens ## +# who alone stretched out the heavens -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md). +Yahweh speaks of creating the heavens as if they were fabric which he stretched out. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## omens ## +# omens -These are signs that people used to attempt to predict the future. \ No newline at end of file +These are signs that people used to attempt to predict the future. + +# the empty talkers + +This refers to people who say things that are meaningless. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/26.md b/isa/44/26.md index a5d2b0c0cc..4c7236d8c5 100644 --- a/isa/44/26.md +++ b/isa/44/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## who fulfills the declarations of his servant and brings to pass the counsel of his messengers ## +# who confirmed the words of his servant and brings to pass the predictions of his messengers -Yahweh is saying the same thing twice for emphasis. It is only Yahweh who causes the prophesies to be fulfilled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh is saying the same thing twice to emphasize that it is only he, Yahweh, who causes the prophesies to be fulfilled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## She will be inhabited ## +# the words of his servant ... the predictions of his messengers -AT: "People will live there again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The abstract nouns "words" and "predictions" can be translated as verbs. AT: "what his servant declares ... what his messengers announce" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## They will be built again, and I will raise up her waste places ## +# She will be inhabited -AT: "I will rebuild the ruined cities" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will live there again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## who says to the deep sea ## +# They will be built again -Yahweh commands the sea to do what seems impossible to demonstrate his power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will rebuild them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will raise up their ruins + +The phrase "ruins" refers to places that have been destroyed. Yahweh speaks of rebuilding them as if he were raising them up. AT: "I will rebuild what others have destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/28.md b/isa/44/28.md index 2a43168d69..de508599b5 100644 --- a/isa/44/28.md +++ b/isa/44/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## He is my shepherd ## +# He is my shepherd -This means Cyrus will protect and care for God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of Cyrus ruling and protecting the people of Israel as if Cyrus is their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Let her be rebuilt ## +# She will be rebuilt -AT: "Let the people rebuild the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let the people rebuild the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Let your foundations be laid ## +# Let its foundations be laid -AT: "Let the people lay its foundations" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let the people lay its foundations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/44/intro.md b/isa/44/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bf06660e37 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/44/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 44 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's power ##### +There is a prophecy in this chapter that gives the name of the king who will end the exile of the Jews from Babylon and rebuild the temple, even though the exile has not yet even occurred. This emphasizes that Yahweh knows the future, so the translator should translate the name of Cyrus given here. There are many other aspects of this chapter that show Yahweh's power as well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 44:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../43/intro.md) | [>>](../45/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/01.md b/isa/45/01.md index 343e25dcb0..2e28b7b64b 100644 --- a/isa/45/01.md +++ b/isa/45/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## whose right hand I hold ## +# whose right hand I hold -This means God will be his strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh helping Cyrus and causing him to be successful is spoken of as if he were holding his right hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/02.md b/isa/45/02.md index a5a0e7ad14..7d84548d24 100644 --- a/isa/45/02.md +++ b/isa/45/02.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Cyrus. -## and level the mountains ## +# level the mountains -This means God will prepare the way for Cyrus and his armies. He will make it easy for them to defeat their enemies. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of removing obstacles that would hinder Cyrus's success as if it were leveling mountains before him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the mountains + +The Hebrew word used in the text is rare and is of an uncertain meaning. Some modern versions have "rough places" or "crooked places." + +# their iron bars + +This refers to the iron bars on the bronze gates. + +# the treasures of darkness + +Here "darkness" refers to places that are secret. AT: "treasures in dark places" or "the treasures in secret places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/04.md b/isa/45/04.md index 63bce05550..6344ccc444 100644 --- a/isa/45/04.md +++ b/isa/45/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Cyrus. -## Jacob...Israel ## +# Jacob ... Israel These both refer to the descendants of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will arm you ## +# I will arm you for battle -AT: "I will strengthen you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "I will strengthen you for battle" or 2) "I will equip you for battle." -## from the rising of the sun, and from the west ## +# from the rising of the sun, and from the west -AT: "from every place on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Since the sun rises in the east, this phrase forms a merism and means everywhere on earth. AT: "from every place on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/07.md b/isa/45/07.md index 6669a8ef24..9c0bdb12ab 100644 --- a/isa/45/07.md +++ b/isa/45/07.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## You heavens, rain down from above...I, Yahweh, have created them both ## +# I form the light and create darkness; I bring peace and create disaster -God compares his power to save to the rain falling from the sky and causing plants to grow. This means the true God in heaven is the only one who can save people and restore justice on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these expressions form merisms that emphasize that Yahweh is sovereign creator of everything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# You heavens, rain down from above ... righteousness spring up together with it + +Yahweh speaks of his righteousness as if it were rain that falls on the earth, and of his righteousness and salvation as plants that grow on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You heavens + +Yahweh momentarily turns his attention from his people and begins to speak to the heavens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/09.md b/isa/45/09.md index ce3f460e78..8cc81c867c 100644 --- a/isa/45/09.md +++ b/isa/45/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## An earthen potshard among all the earthen potshards in the ground ## +# any other earthen pot among all the earthen pots in the ground -In 45:9 God compares himself to a potter and the people as the clay. This emphasizes that he is the creator. AT: "You are like broken pieces of pottery on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were a potter, and of the one who would argue with him as if that person and the rest of humanity were all clay pots. AT: "like one piece of pottery among many other pieces of pottery scattered on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Should the clay say to the potter ## +# earthen pot -God uses a question to rebuke those who argue with him about what he does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "clay pot" or 2) "piece of broken clay pottery." + +# Does the clay say to the potter ... on it'? + +Yahweh asks this question to rebuke those who argue with him about what he does. AT: "The clay should not say to the potter ... on it!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/10.md b/isa/45/10.md index bb82f042f6..a7fc56c834 100644 --- a/isa/45/10.md +++ b/isa/45/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues to scold those who argue with him about what he does. (See: [Isaiah 45:9](./09.md)) +# General Information: -## What are you fathering...What are you giving birth to? ## +Yahweh continues to scold those who argue with him about what he does. -A person is using questions to scold the parents for what they are doing by making a child. This refers to the people arguing with Yahweh for what he does. AT: "You should not be a father...You should not be a mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Woe to him who says to a father, ... 'What are you giving birth to?' + +Yahweh speaks of those who would argue him as if they were unborn children who argue with their own parents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What are you fathering? ... What are you giving birth to? + +The unborn child asks these rhetorical questions to scold his parents for giving birth to him. These can be translated as statements. AT: "You should not be my father ... You should give birth to me." or "You are not fathering me correctly ... You are not giving birth to me correctly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/11.md b/isa/45/11.md index d759013307..455f8949a4 100644 --- a/isa/45/11.md +++ b/isa/45/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Holy One of Israel ## +# Holy One of Israel -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). -## her Maker ## +# Why do you ask questions about what I will do for my children? Do you tell me what to do concerning the work of my hands? -Here "her" refers to the people of Israel. See how you translated "Maker" in [Isaiah 17:6](../17/06.md). +Yahweh uses questions to scold those who argue with him about what he does. AT: "Do not question me about what I do for my children. Do not tell me ... my hands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## do you question me...Do you tell me what to do ## +# my children -Yahweh uses questions to scold those who argue with him about what he does. AT: "do not question me...do not tell me what to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This refers to the people of Israel. -## my children ## +# the work of my hands -This refers to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hands" represents Yahweh. AT: "the things that I have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/12.md b/isa/45/12.md index 4186b3b07e..6b2c756e77 100644 --- a/isa/45/12.md +++ b/isa/45/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## stretched out the heavens ## +# It was my hands that -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hands" represents Yahweh. AT: "It was I who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# stretched out the heavens + +Yahweh speaks of creating the heavens as if they were fabric that he stretched out. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/13.md b/isa/45/13.md index 412638a5a4..b755128cf3 100644 --- a/isa/45/13.md +++ b/isa/45/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## I will smooth out all his paths ## +# I stirred Cyrus up in righteousness -This means God will cause Cyrus to accomplish everything God has planned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the word "righteousness" refers to right action. Possible meanings are 1) that Yahweh has stirred up Cyrus to do the right thing or 2) that Yahweh was right to stir up Cyrus. -## He will build my city ## +# I stirred Cyrus -AT: "He will command the people to build my city, Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Yahweh speaks of causing Cyrus to act as if it were stirring him from slumber. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# I will smooth out all his paths -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of removing obstacles and causing Cyrus to be successful as if he were making the paths smooth on which Cyrus walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will build my city + +This refers to Jerusalem. + +# not for price nor bribe + +Here the words "price" and "bribe" share similar meanings. Cyrus will not do these things for financial gain. AT: "he will not do these things for money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts + +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/14.md b/isa/45/14.md index 28c37af5c5..e1aaec65fe 100644 --- a/isa/45/14.md +++ b/isa/45/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## The earnings of Egypt and the merchandise of Ethiopia with the Sabeans, men of tall stature, will be brought to you ## +# The earnings of Egypt and the merchandise of Cush with the Sabeans, men of tall stature, will be brought to you -AT: "The people of Egypt, Ethiopia, and the tall people of Seba, will bring to you their riches and treasures." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Egypt, Cush, and the tall people of Seba, will bring to you their earnings and their merchandise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Sabean ## +# The earnings of Egypt + +"The profits of Egypt" + +# Sabeans These are people from the nation of Seba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## to you ## +# to you Here "you" refers to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/16.md b/isa/45/16.md index 3fd073f7f2..a14ebb344f 100644 --- a/isa/45/16.md +++ b/isa/45/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## They will all be ashamed and disgraced together; those who carve idols will walk in humiliation ## +# They will all be ashamed and disgraced together; those who carve idols will walk in humiliation -The words "ashamed," "disgraced," and "humiliation" mean basically the same the thing. AT: "Yahweh will humiliate all those who make idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These two lines share similar meanings, with the second clarifying the subject of the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Israel will be saved by Yahweh ## +# They will all be ashamed and disgraced together -AT: "Yahweh will save the people of Israel" +The words "ashamed" and "disgraced" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of shame. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Their idols will leave them all completely ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you will never again be ashamed or humiliated ## +# will walk in humiliation -Here "you" refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah would also include himself as a part of Israel. AT: "No one will ever humiliate you again" or "No one will ever humiliate us again" \ No newline at end of file +Living in continual humiliation is spoken of as if it were walking in humiliation. AT: "will be continually humiliated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Israel will be saved by Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will save the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will never again be ashamed or humiliated + +Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. The words "ashamed" and "humiliated" mean basically the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will ever humiliate you again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/18.md b/isa/45/18.md index ae2ef05950..1b4845a483 100644 --- a/isa/45/18.md +++ b/isa/45/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## but designed it to be inhabited ## +# not as a waste -AT: "but he designed it so people could live on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"not to be empty." Here the word "waste" refers to an empty, barren place. + +# but designed it to be inhabited + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but he designed it so people could live on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/19.md b/isa/45/19.md index f72ced7289..04eff8d367 100644 --- a/isa/45/19.md +++ b/isa/45/19.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/20.md b/isa/45/20.md index aa32fd2c9f..86bf32c59d 100644 --- a/isa/45/20.md +++ b/isa/45/20.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking -## refugees ## +# refugees people who have fled from their homes so the enemy will not capture or kill them \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/21.md b/isa/45/21.md index f64e2dd344..8275729ec3 100644 --- a/isa/45/21.md +++ b/isa/45/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the refugees. (See: [Isaiah 45:20](./20.md)) -## Let them counsel together ## +# Let them conspire together -"them" are the people who might challenge Yahweh's power to foretell the events. +Here the word "them" refers to the refugees from among the nations who worship idols. -## Who has shown this from long ago? Who announced it? Was it not I, Yahweh? ## +# Who has shown this from long ago? Who announced it? Was it not I, Yahweh? -Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that he was the one who told them these things would happen. AT: "It was I, Yahweh, who told you these things long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that he was the one who told them these things would happen. AT: "I will tell you who has shown this from long ago. I will tell you who announced it. It was I, Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/22.md b/isa/45/22.md index 2e74ecd2b9..8f83600fea 100644 --- a/isa/45/22.md +++ b/isa/45/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## Turn to me and be saved ## +# Turn to me and be saved -AT: "Worship me and I will save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Turn to me and I will save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## To me every knee will bend, every tongue will swear ## +# all the ends of the earth -AT: "Every person will kneel before me, and everyone will swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. This phrase also forms a merism and refers to everywhere in between the ends. AT "all the farthest places of the earth" or "the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# all the ends of the earth + +Here this phrase represents the people who live at "the ends of the earth." AT: "you who live at the farthest places of the earth" or "all of you who live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# To me every knee will bend, every tongue will swear + +The words "knee" and "tongue" represent the people. AT: "Every person will kneel before me, and everyone will swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/24.md b/isa/45/24.md index ab0f55e437..9947294b06 100644 --- a/isa/45/24.md +++ b/isa/45/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Saying ## +# They will say All the people on the earth are speaking. -## In Yahweh all the descendants of Israel will be justified ## +# In Yahweh all the descendants of Israel will be justified -AT: "Yahweh will justify all the descendants of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "justified" does not refer to Yahweh forgiving their sins, but to proving to the nations that Israel was right to worship him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will justify all the descendants of Israel" or "Yahweh will vindicate all the descendants of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/45/intro.md b/isa/45/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f658b8b015 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/45/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 45 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Potter and clay ##### +The potter and the clay are important images used in Scripture. They emphasize the power and control of God. This chapter connects this to the truth that Yahweh is the creator of all, which it repeatedly emphasizes. He is even able to "anoint" or chose a future, pagan king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 45:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../44/intro.md) | [>>](../46/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/46/01.md b/isa/46/01.md index fe4185fc59..ebf05511f8 100644 --- a/isa/46/01.md +++ b/isa/46/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Bel…Nebo ## +# Bel bows down, Nebo stoops; their idols ... for weary animals -These are important idols to the Babylonians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Isaiah speaks of people placing the idols of Bel and Nebo into a cart for animals to transport as if these gods were made to "bow down" and "stoop." These are both postures of humiliation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Bel ... Nebo + +These were the two primary gods whom the Babylonians worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# their idols + +the idols that represented Bel and Nebo + +# they cannot rescue the images + +"Bel and Nebo cannot rescue their images" + +# they themselves have gone off into captivity + +Isaiah speaks of people carrying off these idols as if the false gods whom they represent are being carried off to captivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/46/03.md b/isa/46/03.md index d9b13ccb54..66c2a3248f 100644 --- a/isa/46/03.md +++ b/isa/46/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Listen to me ## +# Listen to me Here "me" refers to Yahweh. -## who have been carried...I will carry you to safety ## +# who have been carried by me from before your birth, carried from the womb -In 46:3-4 Yahweh talks to the people of Israel as if they were a single person who is born and grows old. This means God has taken care of them since their people first started and he will always continue to take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of the nation of Israel as if it were a person, and of the nation's beginning as if it were its birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who have been carried by me ## +# who have been carried by me -AT: "whom I have carried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of helping and rescuing the people of Israel as if he were carrying them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom I have carried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Even to your old age I am he, and until your hair is gray I will carry you + +Yahweh speaks of the nation of Israel becoming very old as if it were an old man with gray hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/46/05.md b/isa/46/05.md index 3aafe51b8d..e301a1a877 100644 --- a/isa/46/05.md +++ b/isa/46/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## To whom will you compare me? And whom do I resemble, so that we may be compared? ## +# To whom will you compare me? Who do you think I resemble, so that we may be compared? -Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that there is no one like him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that there is no one like him. AT: "There is no one to whom you can compare me. I resemble no one, so that we might be compared." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## so that we may be compared ## +# so that we may be compared -AT: "so that you may compare us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that you may compare us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/46/07.md b/isa/46/07.md index 530411fe6b..a465bf19da 100644 --- a/isa/46/07.md +++ b/isa/46/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## They lift it ## +# They lift it -"They" refers to the people who worship idols and "it" refers to the idol that they have created. \ No newline at end of file +"They" refers to the people who make idols and "it" refers to the idol that they have created. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/46/08.md b/isa/46/08.md index 89f5aead5f..728fe27a1f 100644 --- a/isa/46/08.md +++ b/isa/46/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to his people. +# General Information: -## for I am God, and there is no other, I am God, and there is no one like me ## - -This is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh continues speaking to his people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/46/10.md b/isa/46/10.md index c1ca269c20..6877e0347b 100644 --- a/isa/46/10.md +++ b/isa/46/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to his people. -## I announce the end from the beginning, and beforehand what has not yet happened ## +# I announce the end from the beginning, and beforehand what has not yet happened -This basically repeats the same idea for emphasis. AT: “I know all things before they happen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This basically repeats the same idea for emphasis. The verb from the first phrase may be supplied for the second. AT: "I announce the end from the beginning, and I announce beforehand what has not yet happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## I call a bird of prey from the east ## +# I call a bird of prey from the east -The "bird of prey" is a reference to Cyrus, King of Persia who is strong and powerful like an eagle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of Cyrus as if he were "a bird of prey." As a bird swiftly captures its prey, so Cyrus will swiftly accomplish Yahweh's purpose to conquer the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I have spoken; I will also accomplish it; I have purposed, I will also do it. ## +# I have spoken; I will also accomplish it; I have purposed, I will also do it. -This basically repeats the same idea for emphasis. \ No newline at end of file +This repeats the same idea for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/46/12.md b/isa/46/12.md index 88fd44c8ed..610e47a779 100644 --- a/isa/46/12.md +++ b/isa/46/12.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. + +# who are far from doing what is right + +Yahweh speaks of the people stubbornly doing wrong as if they were physically far away from doing the right thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my salvation does not wait + +Yahweh speaks of saving his people soon as if his salvation were a person who does not wait to act. The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated with a verb. AT: "I will not wait to save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/46/intro.md b/isa/46/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d898fae3fa --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/46/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Isaiah 46 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +##### Yahweh and the false gods ##### +This chapter is intended to compare Yahweh with various false Gods whom the Israelites worship. There really is no comparison at all because Yahweh alone is God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 46:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../45/intro.md) | [>>](../47/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/47/01.md b/isa/47/01.md index 161964e894..915aa3cb35 100644 --- a/isa/47/01.md +++ b/isa/47/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## virgin daughter of Babylon ## +# General Information: -The "virgin daughter" of a city means the attractive and delicate people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +In this chapter, Yahweh speaks to Babylon about her downfall as if she were a queen who is humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## without a throne ## +# sit in the dust, virgin daughter of Babylon; sit on the ground ... daughter of the Chaldeans. -Here "throne" refers to their power to rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Sitting in the dust was a sign of humiliation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## daughter of the Chaldeans ## +# virgin daughter of Babylon ... daughter of the Chaldeans -The "daughter" of a city means the people of the city. Also, Chaldeans are the same group as the Babylonians. AT: "you people of Chaldea” or "you people of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Both of these phrases refer to the city, Babylon, which is spoken of as if it were a daughter. That the city is a "daughter" indicates how people think fondly of her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You will no longer be called dainty and delicate ## +# without a throne -AT: "People will no longer call you beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "throne" refers to the power to rule. AT: "without the power to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## millstone ## +# You will no longer be called dainty and delicate + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will no longer call you dainty and delicate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# dainty and delicate + +These two words share similar meanings. They describe one who is beautiful and lives in luxury. AT: "very beautiful" or "very luxurious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# millstone a large stone used to grind grain \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/47/03.md b/isa/47/03.md index f2c76e2f79..fdde2b5c57 100644 --- a/isa/47/03.md +++ b/isa/47/03.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Babylon. +# Connecting Statement: -## Your nakedness will be uncovered, yes, your shame will be seen ## +Yahweh continues to speak to Babylon about her downfall as if she were a queen who is humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -AT: "You will be naked, yes, and everyone will see your shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# Your nakedness will be uncovered -## Our Redeemer ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will be naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your shame will be seen + +Here the word "shame" is a euphemism for one's private parts. This can be translated in active form. AT: "people will see your shame" or "people will see your private parts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Our Redeemer "Our" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. See how you translated "Redeemer" in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## Yahweh of hosts ## +# Yahweh of hosts -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:24](../01/24.md). +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:24](../01/24.md). -## Holy One of Israel ## +# Holy One of Israel -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:15](../05/15.md). +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 5:16](../05/15.md). -## daughter of the Chaldeans ## +# daughter of the Chaldeans -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:1](../41/01.md). +This phrase refers to the city, Babylon, which is spoken of as if it were a daughter. That the city is a "daughter" indicates how the Chaldeans think fondly of her. See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 47:1](../41/01.md). -## for you will no longer be called ## +# for you will no longer be called -AT: "for people will no longer call you" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for people will no longer call you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Queen of kingdoms ## +# queen of kingdoms -This means that people will no longer consider Babylon to be the greatest kingdom of all. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of Babylon being the capital city of the Babylonian empire as if it were a queen who ruled many kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/47/06.md b/isa/47/06.md index 6e8576a963..b812d86474 100644 --- a/isa/47/06.md +++ b/isa/47/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## I was angry ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Yahweh continues to speak to Babylon about her downfall as if she were a queen who is humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I was angry Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -## my heritage ## +# I defiled my heritage -This means the people who belong to Yahweh. +Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel being his special possession as if they were his heritage or inheritance. AT: "I defiled my people, who are my special possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your hand ## +# gave them over into your hand -Here "your" refers to the "people of Babylon" and "hand" refers to their power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "hand" represents Babylon's power or control. AT: "I put them under your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you placed a very heavy yoke on the old people ## +# you placed a very heavy yoke on the old people -This means the Babylonians were even demanding heavy work from the oldest of the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of the Babylonians oppressing the old people as if they had treated the old people like cattle and put heavy yokes on their necks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## as sovereign queen ## +# I will rule forever as sovereign queen -This means the Babylonians thought they would rule over all other people and nations. \ No newline at end of file +Babylon speaks of permanently ruling over many nations as if she were a queen who would rule forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You did not take these things to heart + +Yahweh speaks of thinking carefully about something as if it were placing that thing on one's heart. AT: "You did not consider these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/47/08.md b/isa/47/08.md index 57bb0d525f..2e9e1f196a 100644 --- a/isa/47/08.md +++ b/isa/47/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Babylon. +# Connecting Statement: -## you voluptuous one...widowhoood ## +Yahweh continues to speak to Babylon about her downfall as if she were a queen who is humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -In 47:8-9 Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon as if they were a prideful queen. Because of their pride Yahweh will destroy the city and the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# you who love pleasure + +"you luxurious one." This refers to the many luxuries that Babylon enjoyed. + +# sit securely + +This refers to Babylon's false sense of security in thinking that she will never lose her position of wealth and honor. AT: "who think you are safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will never sit as a widow ... loss of children + +Babylon believing that other nations will never be able to conquer her is spoken of as if she will never become a widow or never have children die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will never sit as a widow + +"I will never become a widow" + +# in a moment in one day + +"suddenly at the same time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/47/10.md b/isa/47/10.md index 5959461ace..a735c086e7 100644 --- a/isa/47/10.md +++ b/isa/47/10.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Babylon. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Yahweh continues to speak to Babylon about her downfall as if she were a queen who is humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# you say in your heart + +Here the word "heart" refers to the inner person. AT: "you say to yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Disaster will overcome you + +Yahweh speaks of disaster as if it were a person who captures Babylon. AT: "You will experience disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Destruction will fall on you + +Yahweh speaks Babylon being destroyed as if destruction were an object that falls upon the city. AT: "You will experience destruction" or "Others will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Calamity will strike you + +Yahweh speaks of Babylon experiencing calamity as if calamity were a person who strikes Babylon. AT: "You will experience calamity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/47/12.md b/isa/47/12.md index adec372fcb..87e7580095 100644 --- a/isa/47/12.md +++ b/isa/47/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Babylon. +# Connecting Statement: -## Persist in casting your spells...let them save you from what will happen to you ## +Yahweh continues to speak to Babylon about her downfall as if she were a queen who is humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -In 47:12-13 Yahweh is mocking the people of Babylon. He challenges them to use magic to keep bad things away, but he knows they cannot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Persist in casting your spells ... perhaps you will scare away disaster + +Yahweh mocks Babylon by telling her to continue to practice her sorcery to keep bad things away, but he knows that it will not help her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/47/14.md b/isa/47/14.md index 158bce7ac3..44f2c71a92 100644 --- a/isa/47/14.md +++ b/isa/47/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Babylon. +# Connecting Statement: -## they will become like stubble; the fire will burn them up ## +Yahweh continues to speak to Babylon about her downfall as if she were a queen who is humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -Yahweh compares the magicians and sorcerers to straw that burns quickly in a fire. This means they will be no help to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# they will become like stubble. The fire will burn them up -## there are no coals here suitable for warming them nor no fire suitable to sit before ## +Yahweh compares the magicians and sorcerers to straw that burns quickly in a fire. This means that Yahweh will destroy them as easily as fire burns stubble, and so they are powerless to save Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -Again, this means the magicians and sorcerers will burn up so quickly the fire will not help the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# the hand of the flame -## They will be for you nothing but toil ## +Here the word "hand" represents strength. AT: "the power of the flame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"Those from whom you expected help will make more work for you." \ No newline at end of file +# There are no coals to warm them and no fire for them to sit by + +Yahweh emphasizes that this is a destructive fire by stating that it is not one that people will use to warm themselves. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/47/intro.md b/isa/47/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6a9c3265c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/47/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 47 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Babylon ##### +This chapter prophesied the destruction of Babylon. At the time that the prophesy was written, Assyria was still in power and Babylon had not yet become a world power. The Chaldeans were not yet a powerful nation either. The people of Judah would become servants or slaves of Babylon and be forced to work very hard. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 47:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../46/intro.md) | [>>](../48/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/01.md b/isa/48/01.md index 96bf797fde..c6bb21cb7a 100644 --- a/isa/48/01.md +++ b/isa/48/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## Hear this ## +# Hear this -Yahweh is speaking. AT: "Listen to my message" +"Listen to my message." Yahweh is speaking. -## house of Jacob ## +# house of Jacob -Here "house" refers to the descendants of Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "house" refers to the descendants of Jacob. AT: "descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## who are called by the name Israel ## +# who are called by the name Israel -AT "whom everyone calls the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom everyone calls the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## have come from the sperm of Judah ## +# have come from the sperm of Judah -This phrase emphasizes that they are the direct, physical descendants of Judah. AT: "are the descendants of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This phrase emphasizes that they are the direct, physical descendants of Judah. AT: "are the descendants of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## invoke the God of Israel ## +# invoke the God of Israel "call on the God of Israel" -## they call themselves ## +# they call themselves -This refers to the people of Israel. AT: "you call yourselves" +This refers to the people of Israel. AT: "you call yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## the holy city ## +# the holy city This refers to Jerusalem. -## Yahweh of Hosts ## +# Yahweh of hosts -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/03.md b/isa/48/03.md index acf32da3b2..93ff1f03ec 100644 --- a/isa/48/03.md +++ b/isa/48/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## from my mouth they came forth ## +# they came out from my mouth -AT: "I spoke these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Mouth" refers to someone speaking. AT: "I spoke these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## your neck muscles tight as iron, and your forehead like bronze ## +# your neck muscles tight as iron, and your forehead like bronze -"you have stiff necks and hard heads." Both of these phrases mean the people were stubborn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Yahweh compares the tightness of their neck muscles and the hardness of their foreheads to the hardness of iron and bronze. Here, to have a tight neck or a hard forehead is a metaphor that means the people are stubborn. AT: "it is as if your necks were iron and your heads were bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I declared these things to you beforehand; before they happened I informed you ## +# I declared these things to you beforehand; before they happened I informed you -This is also saying the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is saying the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/06.md b/isa/48/06.md index 4d435aafa6..5692554cff 100644 --- a/isa/48/06.md +++ b/isa/48/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## will you not admit what I said is true? ## +# will you not admit what I said is true? -Yahweh uses a question to scold the people of Israel for not admitting what they should know is true. AT: "but you are stubborn and will not admit what I said is true." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses a question to scold the people of Israel for not admitting what they should know is true. AT: "you are stubborn and will not admit what I said is true." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/08.md b/isa/48/08.md index bf40db4d27..6ff25e342c 100644 --- a/isa/48/08.md +++ b/isa/48/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## these things were not unfolded to your ears beforehand ## +# these things were not unfolded to your ears beforehand -AT: "I never explained these things to you before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Yahweh speaks of explaining something as if it were unfolding it. The word "ears" represents the people who are listening. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I did not explain these things to you beforehand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## from birth ## +# from birth -Here "birth" refers to when they became a nation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 46:3](../46/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the nation's beginning as if it were its birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/09.md b/isa/48/09.md index 0d9eb2f35a..3e93376a71 100644 --- a/isa/48/09.md +++ b/isa/48/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## For the sake of my name I will defer my anger ## +# For the sake of my name I will defer my anger -AT: "For the sake of my reputation I will delay my anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "name" refers to Yahweh's reputation. AT: "For the sake of my reputation I will delay my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and for my honor I will hold back from destroying you ## +# for my honor I will hold back from destroying you This part of the sentence means basically the same thing as the first part. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Look, I refined you, but not as silver; I have purified you in the furnace of affliction ## +# Look, I refined you, but not as silver; I have purified you in the furnace of affliction -Just like people put silver in the hot fire to remove dirt and impurities, Yahweh has purified his people from their sinful behavior by making them suffer much. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of using affliction to purify his people as if they were precious metals and affliction were a furnace in which he refines them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for how can I allow my name to be dishonored? ## +# for how can I allow my name to be dishonored? -Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can never allow his own name to be dishonored. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can never allow his own name to be dishonored. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for I cannot allow anyone to dishonor my name." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/12.md b/isa/48/12.md index 3a38875e0e..30308e847f 100644 --- a/isa/48/12.md +++ b/isa/48/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Jacob, and Israel, whom I called ## +# Jacob, and Israel -Both of these refer to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Both of these refer to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I am the first, I also am the last ## +# I am the first, I also am the last -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 44:6](../44/06.md). +This phrase emphasizes Yahweh's eternal nature. Possible meanings are 1) "I am the one who began all things, and I am the one who ends all things" or 2) "I am the one who has always lived, and I am the one who always will live." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 44:6](../44/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## my hand...my right hand ## +# my hand laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand spread out the heavens -Here "hand" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "hand" refers to Yahweh. AT: "I laid the foundation of the earth, and I spread out the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the foundations of the earth ## +# the foundation of the earth -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 24:17](../24/17.md). +The word "foundation" normally refers to a stone structure that gives support to a building from underneath. Here it describes a similar structure that was thought to support and hold the earth in place. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 24:18](../24/17.md). -## spread out the heavens ## +# spread out the heavens -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of creating the heavens as if they were fabric which Yahweh stretched out. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when I call to them, they stand up together + +Standing up when Yahweh calls is a metaphor for being ready to obey him. Yahweh speaks of the earth and the heavens as if they were able to hear him and obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# when I call to them + +Possible meanings are 1) "when I call the earth and the heavens" or 2) "when I call the stars in the heavens." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/14.md b/isa/48/14.md index ead0dfbc9c..ab2f519abb 100644 --- a/isa/48/14.md +++ b/isa/48/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Who among you has announced these things? ## +# Who among you has announced these things? -Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the idols have not told them these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the idols have not told them these things. AT: "None of your idols has told this to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Yahweh's ally will accomplish his purpose against Babylon. He will carry out Yahweh's will against the Chaldeans. ## +# Yahweh's ally will accomplish his purpose against Babylon. He will carry out Yahweh's will against the Chaldeans -Both of these clauses mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. Here "ally" refers to Cyrus, the king of Persia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here "ally" refers to Cyrus. Both of these sentences mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## I, I ## +# his purpose -The word "I" is repeated for emphasis. \ No newline at end of file +"Yahweh's purpose" + +# I, I + +The word "I" is repeated for emphasis. AT: "I myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/16.md b/isa/48/16.md index 577790f94b..d1b3b4ce59 100644 --- a/isa/48/16.md +++ b/isa/48/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## I have not spoken in secret ## +# I have not spoken in secret -AT: "I have spoken plainly and clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This can be expressed positively. AT: "I have spoken plainly and clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## sent me ## +# sent me Here "me" refers to an unknown servant of Yahweh, maybe Isaiah or Cyrus or the promised Messiah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/17.md b/isa/48/17.md index 7f5f437dee..31edb1828a 100644 --- a/isa/48/17.md +++ b/isa/48/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Redeemer ## - -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md). - -## Holy One of Israel ## - -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). - -## your God ## +# your Redeemer ... your God Here "your" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## who leads you by the way that you should go ## +# Redeemer -This compares Yahweh telling the people what they should do to a shepherd leading his sheep on the correct path. This means Yahweh cares for the people and wants them to do what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md). -## If only you had obeyed my commandments ## +# Holy One of Israel -In 48:18-19 Yahweh describes something that could have happened but did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). -## Then your peace and prosperity would have flowed like a river, and your salvation like the waves of the sea ## +# who leads you by the way that you should go -Both of these mean their peace and security would have been abundant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh teaching the people how they should live is spoken of as if he were leading them to walk on the correct paths. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# If only you had obeyed my commandments + +Yahweh describes something that could have happened but did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# Then your peace and prosperity would have flowed like a river, and your salvation like the waves of the sea + +These two phrases share similar meanings. In both, Yahweh speaks of Israel's experiencing abundant blessings as if those blessings flowed like water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# your salvation like the waves of the sea + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "your salvation would have flowed like the waves of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/19.md b/isa/48/19.md index e57bca8e32..664df51558 100644 --- a/isa/48/19.md +++ b/isa/48/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues describing a hypothetical situation to the people of Israel. (See: [Isaiah 48:17](./17.md).) +# General Information: -## Your descendants would have been as numerous as the sand, and the children from your womb as numerous as the grains of sand ## +Yahweh continues describing a hypothetical situation to the people of Israel. -These both mean that the people would have had more descendants than they could count. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# Your descendants would have been as numerous as the sand, and the children from your womb as numerous as the grains of sand -## their name would not have been cut off ## +These both mean that the people would have had more descendants than they could count. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -The people would not have lost their reputations or family histories. AT: "I would not have needed to destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the children from your womb + +Yahweh speaks of the descendants of the people of Israel as if they were children to which the nation gives birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their name would not have been cut off nor blotted out + +The people of Israel being destroyed is spoken of as if their name had been cut off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree, or blotted out. This can be translated in active form. AT: "I would not have cut off nor blotted out their name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their name + +Here the word "name" refers to the descendants who would carry on the name of Israel. AT: "they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cut off nor blotted out + +These two expressions in this context refer to destroying the people. AT: "destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/20.md b/isa/48/20.md index 3348fbfc48..f56183d6f7 100644 --- a/isa/48/20.md +++ b/isa/48/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## his servant Jacob ## +# to the ends of the earth -AT: "the people of Israel, his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. This phrase also forms a merism and refers to everywhere in between the ends. AT: "to all the farthest places of the earth" or "to the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## to the ends of the earth! ## +# his servant Jacob -to the farthest parts of the whole world (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the descendants of Jacob. AT: "the people of Israel, his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/21.md b/isa/48/21.md index f943fd7d95..9e0f23e816 100644 --- a/isa/48/21.md +++ b/isa/48/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## They did not thirst...water gushed out ## +# They did not thirst ... the waters gushed out -This refers to an event in the history of the people of Israel when Yahweh took care of them while they lived in the desert. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to an event in the history of the people of Israel when Yahweh took care of them while they lived in the desert after escaping Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/48/intro.md b/isa/48/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f1d0356c5a --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/48/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Isaiah 48 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +##### Yahweh and the false gods ##### + +This chapter is set up to compare Yahweh with various false Gods whom the Israelites worship. There really is no comparison between the two because Yahweh alone is God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Exile ##### +Yahweh explains purpose behind the Jews exile in Babylon, even though it is still in the future. This emphasizes that that Yahweh is much more powerful than the false gods. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 48:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../47/intro.md) | [>>](../49/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/01.md b/isa/49/01.md index 9084d91437..7d6b8d95d5 100644 --- a/isa/49/01.md +++ b/isa/49/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Listen to me ## +# Listen to me Here "me" refers to Yahweh's servant. -## He has made my mouth like a sharp sword ## +# you coastlands -This means that his message has the power to save or destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This refers to the people who live on the coastlands. AT: "you who live on the coastlands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he hid me in the shadow of his hand ## +# He has made my mouth like a sharp sword -This means Yahweh has protected his servant and kept his purpose secret. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). +Here the word "mouth" represents the words that he speaks. His words are compared to a sharp sword to emphasize that they will be effective. AT: "He has made my words as effective as a sharp sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## he has made me into a polished arrow; in his quiver he has hidden me ## +# he hid me in the shadow of his hand -This also means Yahweh has protected his servant to be ready for attack later and kept his purpose secret. An arrow is used to attack an enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh protecting his servant and keeping his purpose secret is spoken of as if Yahweh's hand cast a shadow over him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he has made me into a polished arrow; in his quiver he has hidden me + +Yahweh's servant being able to carry out Yahweh's purposes effectively is spoken of as if the servant were a sharp, new arrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in his quiver he has hidden me + +Yahweh protecting his servant and keeping his purpose secret is spoken of as if Yahweh kept him hidden in a quiver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# quiver + +a case used to carry arrows \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/03.md b/isa/49/03.md index 34b80912a0..c2e6f857d1 100644 --- a/isa/49/03.md +++ b/isa/49/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh's servant continues speaking. -## He said ## +# He said "Yahweh said" -## You are my servant, Israel ## +# You are my servant, Israel -"You are my servant, whom I call Israel" - -## Though I thought ## - -Here the servant begins to speak. "I" refers to Yahweh's servant. \ No newline at end of file +"You are my servant, whom I call Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/05.md b/isa/49/05.md index 2d260ea90f..820c63ad34 100644 --- a/isa/49/05.md +++ b/isa/49/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh's servant continues speaking. -## that Israel be gathered to him ## +# that Israel would be gathered to him -This part of the sentence means the same as the part before it. AT: "to bring the people of Israel back to himself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This part of the sentence means the same as the part before it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "to bring the people of Israel back to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## I am honored in the eyes of Yahweh ## +# I am honored in the eyes of Yahweh -Here "eyes" means God's thoughts or opinion. AT: "Yahweh considers me honored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has honored me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I will make you a light to the Gentiles ## +# my God has become my strength -This means he will cause even those who are not Israelites to understand and to worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +God giving the servant strength is spoken of as if God himself were his strength. AT: "my God has given me strength" or "my God has strengthened me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make you a light to the Gentiles + +The servant bringing Yahweh's message to the Gentiles and helping them to understand it is spoken of as if Yahweh made the servant a light that shines among the Gentiles. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:6](../42/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to the ends of the earth + +The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. This phrase also forms a merism and refers to everywhere in between the ends. AT "to all the farthest places of the earth" or "to the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/07.md b/isa/49/07.md index a8c75fb13e..407b8b804e 100644 --- a/isa/49/07.md +++ b/isa/49/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Redeemer ## +# Redeemer -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md). +See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md). -## to the one who is despised, abhored by the nations ## +# to the one whose life is despised, hated by the nations, and a slave of rulers -This refers to Yahweh's servant. AT: "to the one whom the people of the nations hate and reject" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "life" represents the person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "to the one whom people despised, whom the nations hated and held as slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Holy One of Israel ## +# Holy One of Israel -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/08.md b/isa/49/08.md index 595222628c..fae00c5a35 100644 --- a/isa/49/08.md +++ b/isa/49/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## I will answer you ## +# At a time I decide to show my favor I will answer you, and in a day of salvation I will help you + +These two clauses mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will answer you Here "you" refers to Yahweh's servant. -## At a time I decide to show my favor I will answer you, and in a day of salvation I will help you ## +# in a day of salvation -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The word "salvation" can be translated as a verb. AT: "when the time comes for me to save you" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## and give you as a covenant for the people ## +# give you as a covenant for the people -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "covenant" is a metonym for the one who establishes or mediates a covenant. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:6](../42/05.md). AT: "make you be the mediator of a covenant with the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to rebuild the land + +Here the word "land" represents the cities in the land that had been destroyed. AT: "to rebuild the ruined places in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to reassign the desolate inheritance + +Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were an inheritance that the people of Israel received as a permanent possession. It is implied that the servant is to reassign the land to the people of Israel. AT: "to reassign the desolate land to the people of Israel as their inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/09.md b/isa/49/09.md index 7c8fda8c91..de784a7cdc 100644 --- a/isa/49/09.md +++ b/isa/49/09.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to his servant. -## they will graze along the roads ## +# They will graze along the roads, and on all the bare slopes will be their pasture -This means the people who were captives will be free and live in peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the people living freely and prosperously as if they were sheep that had plenty of pasture in which to graze. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/10.md b/isa/49/10.md index cfad703eac..2851e04c5b 100644 --- a/isa/49/10.md +++ b/isa/49/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## They will not ## +# They will not Here "they" refers to God's people. -## I will make all my mountains into a road, and make my highways level ## +# nor will the heat or sun beat on them -This means God will remove anything that may stop his people from returning home. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "heat" describes the word "sun." The people suffering from the sun's heat is spoken of as if the heat struck them. AT: "nor will they suffer from the sun's heat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for he who has mercy on them ... he will guide them + +Yahweh speaks of himself in the third person. He speaks of protecting the people and caring for them as if he were their shepherd. AT: "I, the one who has mercy on them ... I will guide them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make all my mountains into a road, and make my highways level + +Yahweh speaks of guiding his people safely and removing obstacles from their path as if he turned mountains into roads and level highways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/12.md b/isa/49/12.md index baacbfe8fc..e0c6425de9 100644 --- a/isa/49/12.md +++ b/isa/49/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the land of Sinim ## +# the land of Sinim -This probably is a region in the south of Egypt near Aswan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The location of this place is uncertain, but it may refer to a region in the southern part of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Sing, heavens and be joyful, earth; break into singing, you mountains! ## +# Sing, heavens, and be joyful, earth; break into singing, you mountains! -Isaiah turns his attention from the people of Israel and speaks to the heavens, earth, and mountains as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) \ No newline at end of file +Isaiah turns his attention from the people of Israel and speaks to the heavens, earth, and mountains as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/14.md b/isa/49/14.md index 8832551464..6d48eb82a9 100644 --- a/isa/49/14.md +++ b/isa/49/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Can a woman forget her baby, nursing at her breast, so she does not have compassion on the son she has borne? Yes, they may forget, but I will not forget you ## +# But Zion said -Yahweh uses a question to help his people understand that he will never forget about them or stop caring for them. AT: "A woman would not forget about her child or stop caring for her baby. But, even if she did, I certainly will not forget you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "Zion" is another name for Jerusalem. Isaiah speaks of the city as if it were a woman who complains that Yahweh has forgotten her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Can a woman forget her baby, nursing at her breast, so she does not have compassion on the son she has borne? + +Yahweh uses a question to help his people understand that he will never forget about them or stop caring for them. AT: "A woman would not forget her nursing baby or stop caring for the son she bore." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/16.md b/isa/49/16.md index 06581863ac..b096e018fe 100644 --- a/isa/49/16.md +++ b/isa/49/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## I have inscribed your name on my palms ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -This means that God is always thinking about the honor of his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# I have inscribed your name on my palms -## Your children are hurrying back ## +Yahweh speaks of his unwavering devotion to Zion as if he had written her name on the palms of his hands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "Your descendants are hurrying back to rebuild your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# your walls are continually before me -## As surely as I live ## +Yahweh speaks of always thinking about Zion as if her walls were always before him. The word "walls" is a metonym for the city. AT: "I am continually thinking about your walls" or "I am always thinking about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This is an oath formula. +# Your children are hurrying back -## declaration of Yahweh ## +Yahweh speaks of the people who are returning to live in Jerusalem as if they were the city's children. AT: "Your inhabitants are hurrying back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:21](../14/21.md). +# As surely as I live -## you will surely wear them like jewelry; you will put them on, like a bride ## +This is an oath formula that Yahweh uses to guarantee the truth of what he is saying. -This means the descendants that return will cause the city of Jerusalem to be beautiful and happy again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# you will surely wear them like jewelry, and you will put them on like a bride + +Yahweh speaks of the inhabitants of Zion as if they were jewelry that the city wears to show her beauty and joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will put them on like a bride + +The last part of the phrase can be clarified from the previous line. AT: "you will put them on, like a bride wears jewelry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/19.md b/isa/49/19.md index 969c155189..b50eb5a3e9 100644 --- a/isa/49/19.md +++ b/isa/49/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a person, a widow. +# General Information: -## Though you were a waste and desolate ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -"Though the enemy left you destroyed and empty" +# Though you were a waste and desolate -## bereavement - ## +The words "a waste" and "desolate" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the enemy has destroyed Zion and left it empty. AT: "Though you were completely desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -** This refers to the time when the Israelites were in exile in Babylon. +# those who devoured you -## The children born during the time of your bereavement ## +The enemy destroying Zion is spoken of as if they had devoured it. AT: "those who destroyed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "The children born during the exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# The children born during the time of your bereavement + +Yahweh speaks of the time when the people of Jerusalem were in exile as if the city was bereaved of her children. Those who were born while the people were in exile are spoken of as the city's children. AT: "Those who will inhabit you, who were born while the people were in exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The place is too cramped for us + +This means that there will be so many people that the city will be too small for them all to live in it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/21.md b/isa/49/21.md index b0a8e55c41..8be2b2541c 100644 --- a/isa/49/21.md +++ b/isa/49/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a person. +# General Information: -## Who has borne these children for me? ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -Zion uses a question to emphasize that she is surprised that so many children now belong to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Who has borne these children for me? -## I was bereaved and barren ## +Zion speaks of the people who are returning to inhabit the city as if those people were her children. Zion's question expresses her surprise that so many children now belong to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I was bereaved and barren, exiled and divorced + +Zion describes herself as a woman incapable of having more children. She indicates the reasons for her great surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I was bereaved and barren "I was mourning over my dead children and unable to have more" -## exiled and divorced ## +# exiled and divorced "I was sent away, without a husband" -## Who has raised these children? Look, I was left all alone; where did these come from? ## +# Who has raised these children? Look, I was left all alone; where did these come from? -Again, Zion uses questions to emphasize her surprise. AT: "Look, I was left all alone; now all of these children that I did not raise have come to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Again, Zion uses questions to expresses her surprise. AT: "Look, I was left all alone; now all of these children that I did not raise have come to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/22.md b/isa/49/22.md index 266a469f2b..de8b6feb02 100644 --- a/isa/49/22.md +++ b/isa/49/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a person. +# General Information: -## I will raise my hand to the nations; I will raise my signal flag to the peoples ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. He explains how she is able to have so many children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -These clauses mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "I will call the people of the nations to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# I will raise my hand to the nations; I will raise my signal flag to the peoples -## your sons … your daughters ## +These two clauses mean basically the same thing. AT: "I will raise my hand and signal with a flag for the people of the nations to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This refers to the Israelites who will return from exile. \ No newline at end of file +# They will bring your sons in their arms and carry your daughters on their shoulders + +Yahweh speaks of the people who will inhabit Jerusalem as if they were the city's children. He also speaks of the people of other nations helping the Israelites to return to Jerusalem as if they were carrying the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/23.md b/isa/49/23.md index 9c73b88ab6..7eebaa6820 100644 --- a/isa/49/23.md +++ b/isa/49/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a person. +# General Information: -## Kings will be your foster fathers, and their queens your nursemaids ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -AT: "Kings and queens from the nations will take care of you and your children" +# Kings will be your foster fathers, and their queens your nursemaids -## lick the dust of your feet ## +Yahweh speaks of the people who will inhabit Zion as if they were the city's children. The terms "foster fathers" and "nursemaids" refer to men and women who become responsible for the care of children. AT: "The kings and queens of other nations will provide for your inhabitants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -At that time, people bowed to the ground to show their submission to a king. This is a sign that kings and queens will completely humble themselves and respect Zion. +# they will bow down to you with their faces to the earth and lick the dust of your feet -## will not be put to shame ## +These phrases describe gestures that people used to express complete submission to a superior. -AT: "I will not put to shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# lick the dust of your feet + +Possible meanings are 1) that this is a literal expression of submission where the person licks the dust off of a superior's foot or from the ground at the superior's foot or 2) that this is an idiom that describes a person prostrating himself before a superior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will not be put to shame + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will not be ashamed" or "will not be disappointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/24.md b/isa/49/24.md index ac8e780b03..2ec3562af9 100644 --- a/isa/49/24.md +++ b/isa/49/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## spoils - valuable items taken from the losers in a battle ## +# General Information: -valuable items taken from the losers in a battle** +Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Can the spoils be taken from the warrior, or captives be rescued from a tyrant? ## +# Can the spoils be taken from the warrior, or captives be rescued from the fierce? -Isaiah uses questions to emphasize that a person cannot take anything from a mighty soldier or king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Isaiah uses a question to express the difficulty of taking anything from a mighty soldier or a very strong warrior. This can be stated in active form. AT: "A person cannot take the spoils from a warrior or rescue captives from fierce soldiers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the captives will be taken away from the warrior, and spoils will be rescued ## +# spoils -AT: "I will take the captives from the warrior, and I will get back the spoils" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +valuable items taken from the losers in a battle -## your adversary … your children ## +# the captives will be taken away from the warrior, and spoils will be rescued -Here "your" refers to the city of Zion as if it were a person who has enemies and the people who live in Zion are her children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh says that he will do what is usually impossible for people to do. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will take the captives from the warrior, and I will rescue the spoils" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will ... save your children + +Yahweh speaks of the people who will inhabit Zion as if they were the city's children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/26.md b/isa/49/26.md index f917b5f8ec..69f5762c88 100644 --- a/isa/49/26.md +++ b/isa/49/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a person. -## And I will feed your oppressors with their own flesh ## +# I will feed your oppressors with their own flesh -This means Yahweh will cause the Babylonians to fight each other. Some will even join the enemies of Babylonia who are out to conquer them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the oppressors will be so hungry that they will eat the flesh of their friends who have died. AT: "I will cause your oppressors to eat their own flesh" or 2) Yahweh speaks of the oppressors fighting against and destroying themselves as if they were eating themselves. AT: "I will cause your oppressors to destroy themselves, as if they were eating their own flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and they will get drunk on their own blood, as if it were wine ## +# they will get drunk on their own blood, as if it were wine -This means Yahweh will cause Israel's enemies to kill one another and that there will be much bloodshed and even enjoyment in it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the oppressors will be so thirsty that they drink the blood of their friends who have died. AT: "they will drink their friends' blood and be like weak people who are drunk on wine" or 2) Yahweh speaks of the oppressors fighting against and destroying themselves as if they were drinking their own blood. AT: "they will shed so much of their friends' blood that it will be as though they were getting drunk with wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/49/intro.md b/isa/49/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..819903a4e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/49/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Isaiah 49 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +Many scholars believe that there are four songs or poems which Isaiah records about the messiah. Isaiah 49:1-6 is the second of these songs. They are often called the "servant songs" because they focus on the messiah being a servant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### A day of salvation ##### +It is unclear if this is a reference to the gospel proclaimed by the messiah or to the day of restoration of all things. The translator should not try to explain its reference to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/salvation]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]], and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 49:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../48/intro.md) | [>>](../50/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/01.md b/isa/50/01.md index faa7d2d1b8..3d2beefe4d 100644 --- a/isa/50/01.md +++ b/isa/50/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Where is the certificate of divorce with which I divorced your mother? ## +# Where is the certificate of divorce with which I divorced your mother? -Yahweh uses a question for emphasis. Here "mother" refers to the city of Zion. This means that Yahweh did not send the people of Zion away like a man who decides to divorce his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh speaks of Zion as if the city were the mother of the people who lived there and of sending the people into exile as if he were divorcing their mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## And to which of my creditors did I sell you? ## +# Where is the certificate of divorce with which I divorced your mother? -Yahweh uses a question for emphasis. This means Yahweh did not send his people into slavery like a man who sells his children to pay for his debts. +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question so that the people would produce "the certificate of divorce," which would provide the reason Yahweh sent them into exile. AT: "Show me the certificate of divorce with which I divorced your mother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## you were sold because of your sins, and because of your rebellion, your mother was sent away ## +# To which of my creditors did I sell you? -AT: "I sent you away because you continually sinned and rebelled against me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of sending the people into exile as if he were selling them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# To which of my creditors did I sell you? + +Yahweh asks this question to emphasize that he did not sell them because he owed a debt to a creditor. It is implied that this is what the people had thought. AT: "I did not sell you because I owed a debt to someone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you were sold because of your sins, and because of your rebellion, your mother was sent away + +Yahweh gives the reason for sending the people into exile, which he speaks of as if he had sold them and divorced their mother. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I sold you because of your sins, and I divorced your mother because of your rebellion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/02.md b/isa/50/02.md index a33bba46fa..656b179cfe 100644 --- a/isa/50/02.md +++ b/isa/50/02.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Why did I come but there was no one there? Why did I call but no one answered? ## +# Why did I come but there was no one there? Why did I call but no one answered? -Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people are in exile not because he was not willing to save them but because they did not respond to him. AT: "I came to you, but you did not respond to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These two sentences mean basically the same thing. Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that the people are in exile because they did not respond to him, not because he was unwilling to save them. AT: "When I came to you, you should have been there, but you were not. When I called you, you should have answered, but you did not." or "When I came to speak to you, you did not respond to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Was my hand too short to ransom you? Was there no power in me to rescue you? ## +# Was my hand too short to ransom you? Was there no power in me to rescue you? -Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he has the power to rescue his people. AT: "I certainly have the power to rescue you from your enemies" +Yahweh uses two similar questions to rebuke the people for believing that he was not strong enough to rescue them. AT: "My hand was certainly not too short for me to ransom you, and I had the power to rescue you!" or "I certainly have the power to rescue you from your enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I clothe the sky with darkness; I cover it with sackcloth ## +# Was my hand too short -This means Yahweh has the power to make the sky dark. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh's power. Yahweh not being strong enough is spoken of as if his hand were short. AT: "Was I not strong enough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Was there no power in me + +"Did I not have the power" + +# I make the rivers a desert + +Yahweh speaks of drying up the rivers as if he were turning them into a desert. AT: "I make the rivers as dry as a desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their fish die for lack of water and rot + +"their fish die and rot for lack of water." The word "their" refers to the sea and the rivers. + +# I clothe the sky with darkness; I cover it with sackcloth + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of causing the sky to become dark as if he were clothing it with sackcloth. AT: "I make the sky dark, as if it were wearing dark sackcloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/04.md b/isa/50/04.md index 631ec9312f..9181d0b6c0 100644 --- a/isa/50/04.md +++ b/isa/50/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## The Lord Yahweh has given me a tongue as one of those who are taught ## +# General Information: -Here "me" refers to Yahweh's servant. The word "tongue" refers to speech. AT: "The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to speak like a wise student" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Yahweh's servant begins to speak. -## he awakens my ear to hear like those who are taught ## +# The Lord Yahweh has given me a tongue as one of those who are taught -Here "my ear" refers to Yahweh's servant. This means the servant listens to Yahweh the way a student listens to a teacher. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "tongue" represents what he says. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh has enabled him to speak as one who has learned to speak skillfully. AT: "The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to be a skillful speaker" or 2) Yahweh has taught him what to say. AT: "The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to speak what he has taught me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he awakens my ear to hear + +Here "my ear" refers to Yahweh's servant. Yahweh enabling him to hear and understand what Yahweh teaches him is spoken of as if Yahweh awakened his ear from sleep. AT: "he has enabled me to understand what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like those who are taught + +The servant compares himself with a student who learns from his teacher. Possible meanings are 1) "like one who learns from his teacher" or 2) "like one whom he has taught" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/05.md b/isa/50/05.md index 2ab2392262..59e131c992 100644 --- a/isa/50/05.md +++ b/isa/50/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + The servant of Yahweh continues speaking. -## has opened my ear ## +# The Lord Yahweh has opened my ear -AT: "has enabled me to hear him speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh enabling his servant to hear and understand is spoken of as if Yahweh opened his ear. AT: "The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to hear and understand him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and I was not rebellious, nor did I turn away backward ## +# I was not rebellious, nor did I turn away backward -AT: "and I obeyed what he said" +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Disobeying what Yahweh said is spoken of as if it were turning one's back toward him. This can be stated in positive terms. AT: "I obeyed what he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I did not hide my face from acts of shame and spitting ## +# I gave my back to those who beat me, and my cheeks to those who plucked out my beard -AT: "I gave myself to those who mocked me and spat at me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Allowing people to beat him and pluck out his beard is spoken of as if it were giving his back and cheeks to them. AT: "I allowed people to beat me on my back and to pluck out my beard from my cheeks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I did not hide my face from acts of shame and spitting + +Hiding one's face means to protect oneself. AT: "I did not defend myself when they mocked me and spat on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/07.md b/isa/50/07.md index 7fba4e6df2..86eaa0a3b9 100644 --- a/isa/50/07.md +++ b/isa/50/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh's servant continues speaking. -## therefore I am not disgraced ## +# therefore I am not disgraced -Even though the servant has been mistreated, he is in the will of Yahweh and so does not lose face. AT: "therefore I am not humiliated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Even though the servant has been mistreated, he will not be ashamed because he has obeyed Yahweh. This can be stated in active form. AT: "therefore I will not be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## so I have made my face like flint ## +# so I have made my face like flint -Here "my face" refers to the servant. Also "flint" is a hard rock. This means he will resist any attempt to humiliate him; he is ready to endure anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "my face" refers to the servant. The servant being steadfastly determined to obey Yahweh is spoken of as if his face were as hard as flint. AT: "so I am absolutely determined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for I know that I will not be put to shame ## +# for I know that I will not be put to shame -The servant looks to the future with confidence, secure in Yahweh's calling. AT: "for I know that my enemies will not be able to make me feel shame" \ No newline at end of file +The servant looks to the future with confidence, secure in Yahweh's calling. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for I know that my enemies will not be able to make me feel shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/08.md b/isa/50/08.md index fabb51127f..7764df0c1d 100644 --- a/isa/50/08.md +++ b/isa/50/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh's servant continues speaking. -## Who will oppose me… Who is my accuser… Who will declare me guilty? ## +# Who will oppose me? Let us stand ... Who is my accuser? Let him come -The servant uses these questions to emphasize that no one can prove before God that he has done anything wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The servant uses these questions to emphasize that there is no one who can legitimately accuse him of wrong. AT: "If anyone would oppose me, let us stand ... If anyone would accuse me, let him come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## they will all wear out like a garment; the moth will eat them up ## +# Who will declare me guilty? -This means God will remove those who accuse his servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The servant uses this question to assert that no one can declare him guilty. AT: "There is no one who can declare me guilty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they will all wear out like a garment; the moth will eat them up + +There being no one left to accuse the servant of being guilty is spoken of as if the accusers were garments that wear thin and are eaten by moths. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/10.md b/isa/50/10.md index 3e2dda9f91..ff8d461b9a 100644 --- a/isa/50/10.md +++ b/isa/50/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + The servant continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Who among you fears Yahweh? Who obeys the voice of his servant? Who walks in deep darkness without light? ## +# Who among you fears Yahweh? Who obeys the voice of his servant? Who walks in deep darkness without light? He should ... his God. -Here Isaiah lays out responses to the servant in question form, telling God's people to continue to trust and obey Yahweh, even in the darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The servant uses these questions to identify those to whom he is speaking. AT: "If someone among you fears Yahweh and obeys the voice of his servant, but he walks in deep darkness without light, then he should ... his God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# obeys the voice of his servant + +Here the word "voice" represents what the servant says. AT: "obeys his servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# walks in deep darkness without light + +The servant speaks of people who are suffering and feel helpless as if they were walking in a very dark place. AT: "is suffering and feels helpless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# trust in the name of Yahweh and lean on his God + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. Trusting in God is spoken of as if it were leaning on him. AT: "trust in Yahweh, his God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/11.md b/isa/50/11.md index 75c9ffa95e..fc68f8a9a1 100644 --- a/isa/50/11.md +++ b/isa/50/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## all you who light fires … flames that you have ignited ## +# all you who light fires ... flames that you have ignited -Isaiah continues to speak here for God. This refers to the people in darkness who try to live according to their own "light," that is, by their own wisdom, instead of obeying God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This continues the metaphor from the previous verse of people who walk in darkness. Here people who try to live according to their own wisdom instead of trusting in Yahweh are spoken of as if they lit their own fires and carried about torches in order to see in the dark. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## From my hand ## +# You will lie down in a place of pain -This refers to Yahweh. AT: "From me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## you will lie down in a place of pain ## - -Here to "lie down" refers to dying. AT: "You will die with great suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here to "lie down" refers to dying. Dying painfully is spoken of as if it were lying down in a place where they will experience pain. AT: "You will die with great suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/50/intro.md b/isa/50/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6e220186ca --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/50/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Isaiah 50 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +Many scholars believe that there are four songs or poems which Isaiah records about the messiah. Isaiah 50:4-9 is the third of these songs. They are often called the "servant songs" because they focus on the messiah being a servant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. These questions prove Yahweh's point and are intended to convince the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 50:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../49/intro.md) | [>>](../51/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/01.md b/isa/51/01.md index e49a006d2b..0f79cd7593 100644 --- a/isa/51/01.md +++ b/isa/51/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Listen to me ## +# Listen to me -Here "me" is Yahweh. +Here the word "me" refers to Yahweh. -## look at the rock from which you were chiseled and to the quarry from which you were cut ## +# look at the rock ... and to the quarry -Both phrases mean basically the same thing. This refers to a person cutting out smaller stones from a large rock to use for building. God compares this to Abraham and Sarah through whom he made the nation of Israel. AT: "Think about your ancestors who are like the rock from which I chiseled you and made you a nation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Looking at something represents thinking about it. AT: "think about the rock ... and the quarry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the rock from which you were chiseled and to the quarry from which you were cut + +God speaks of the nation of Israel as if it were a building made of stones and as if their ancestors were a rock or quarry from which God cut them. This can be stated clearly. AT: "your ancestors, who are like a rock from which you were chiseled and a quarry from which you were cut" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the rock from which you were chiseled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the rock from which I chiseled you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# chiseled + +"cut with a chisel" or "cut" + +# the quarry from which you were cut + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the quarry from which I cut you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/02.md b/isa/51/02.md index d4757eb0f5..867141cb2e 100644 --- a/isa/51/02.md +++ b/isa/51/02.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Abraham … Sarah ## +# Abraham, your father -The people of Israel are //descendants// of Abraham and Sarah not their literal children in this context. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +God speaks of their ancestor as if he were their father. AT: "Abraham, your forefather" or "Abraham, your ancestor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Sarah, who bore you + +God speaks of Abraham's wife as if she were their mother and had given birth to them. AT: "Abraham's wife, Sarah, of whom you are all descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when he was a lone individual + +This means when he did not have any children yet. This can be stated clearly. AT: "when he had no children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# made him many + +God speaks of Abraham's descendants being many as if Abraham were many. AT: "made his descendants many" or "made him have many descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/03.md b/isa/51/03.md index 0b59691c75..67e985c35e 100644 --- a/isa/51/03.md +++ b/isa/51/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# Yahweh will comfort Zion -## Yahweh will comfort Zion ## +The city of Zion, which is also called Jerusalem, here represents the people of Zion. AT: "Yahweh will comfort the people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "Yahweh will comfort the people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# he will comfort all her waste places -## her wilderness he made like Eden, and her desert plains beside the Jordan river valley like the garden of Yahweh ## +Here "waste places" represents the people who live in those desolate areas. AT: "he will comfort the people who live in all her waste places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. It means God will restore beauty and happiness to the places that are empty. Also, in prophecy, events that will happen in the future are often described as something in the past. This emphasizes that it certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# her waste places ... her wilderness ... her desert plains -## joy and gladness will be found in her ## +The word "her" refers to Zion. Cities are often spoken of as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -AT: "there will be joy and gladness in Zion again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# waste places + +places that have been destroyed + +# her wilderness he made like Eden, and her desert plains ... like the garden of Yahweh + +These phrases mean that God will make the empty places in Israel beautiful. In prophecy, events that will happen in the future are often described as being in the past. This emphasizes that they will certainly happen. AT: "he will make her wilderness like Eden and her desert plains ... like the garden of Yahweh (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# joy and gladness will be found in her + +Joy and gladness mean the same thing. Being found there represents being there. AT: "there will be joy and gladness in Zion again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/04.md b/isa/51/04.md index 24ab0bda19..ba5e7781c1 100644 --- a/isa/51/04.md +++ b/isa/51/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## Be attentive to me, my people; and listen to me, my people ## +Yahweh speaks to the people of Israel. -These mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# Be attentive to me ... listen to me -## I will make my justice to be a light for the nations ## +These two phrases mean the same thing. Together they strengthen the command to listen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This means the people of the nations will understand and obey God's law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# I will make my justice to be a light for the nations -## My righteousness is near ## +Here God's justice represents his law, and a light represents knowledge of what is right. This means the people of the nations will understand and obey God's law. AT: "my law will teach the nations what is right" or "the nations will know my law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This means God will soon fulfill his promises to the people of Israel. +# My righteousness is near -## the coastlands ## +The idea of "near" represents "soon." God's righteousness being near represents him soon showing his righteousness. He will do this this by fulfilling his promises and saving people. AT: "I will soon show my righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This refers to the most distant lands. AT: "the lands across the sea." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# my salvation will go out -## my arm ## +God speaks of saving people as if his salvation were a thing that could go out to them. AT: "I will save people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Here "arm" refers to Yahweh's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# my arm will judge the nations + +Here God's arm represents his power, and judging represents ruling. AT: "I will rule the nations with my power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the coastlands + +This refers to the people who live on the coasts of distant lands across the sea. AT: "the people who live on the coastlands" or "the people who live in the the lands across the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for my arm they will eagerly wait + +Here God's arm represents what he will do. Here it refers to him saving people. AT: "they will eagerly wait for me to do something" or "they will eagerly wait for me to save them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/06.md b/isa/51/06.md index 4dc3ab5a06..f560c15c9b 100644 --- a/isa/51/06.md +++ b/isa/51/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## like smoke … like a garment … like flies ## +# Lift up your eyes to the sky -All of these refer to things that quickly and easily disappear or become useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Lifting the eyes represents looking at something above. AT: "Look up at the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like smoke ... like a garment ... like flies + +All of these refer to things that quickly and easily disappear or become useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# my salvation will continue forever + +God's "salvation" here represents the result of his salvation, which is freedom. AT: "I will save you, you will be free forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my righteousness will never stop working + +God's "righteousness" here represents him ruling righteously. AT: "my righteous rule will never end" or "I will rule righteously forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/07.md b/isa/51/07.md index 3c66cd9384..4b267a8ed2 100644 --- a/isa/51/07.md +++ b/isa/51/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## nor be disheartened by their abuse ## +# who have my law in your heart -AT: "and do not lose your courage when they hurt you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Having God's law in the heart represents knowing God's law and wanting to obey it. AT: "who know and honor my law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For the moth will eat them up like a garment, and the worm will eat them like wool ## +# nor be disheartened by their abuse -This means that God will destroy perhaps slowly but surely those who insult his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and do not lose your courage when they hurt you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For the moth will eat them up like a garment, and the worm will eat them like wool + +God speaks of people who abuse those who are righteous as if they were wool garments, and of their being destroyed as if insects ate them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my righteousness will be forever + +God's "righteousness" here represents him ruling righteously. AT: "my righteous rule will be forever" or "I will rule righteously forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# and my salvation to all generations + +God's "salvation" here represents the result of his salvation, which is freedom. Being "to all generations" represents lasting forever. AT: "I will save you, and you will be free forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/09.md b/isa/51/09.md index f5e960424a..d395beaf65 100644 --- a/isa/51/09.md +++ b/isa/51/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Awake, awake ## +# Awake, awake, clothe yourself with strength, arm of Yahweh -These words are repeated for emphasis and shows urgency, to arouse the people of Israel, not to //literally// wake them from sleep. It is unclear who is speaking. It could be the people of Israel, Isaiah, or the servant. +People urgently ask Yahweh's arm to help them as if his arm were a person. If it would be odd to speak to the arm, this can be addressed directly to Yahweh instead. AT: "Awake, awake, Yahweh, and clothe your arm with strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## clothe yourself with strength ## +# Awake, awake ... arm of Yahweh -AT: "show your strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +People speak as if Yahweh's arm were asleep because it has not been helping them. Here the "arm of Yahweh" represents Yahweh, specifically him helping people. The word "Awake" is repeated to show that they need God's help urgently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## arm of Yahweh ## +# clothe yourself with strength -The speaker appeals to Yahweh's arm, which represents his power. AT: "O powerful Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Strength is spoken of as if it were some kind of clothing that people would wear to strengthen themselves in battle. AT: "make yourself strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Is it not you who crushed the sea monster, you who pierced the dragon? ## +# Is it not you who crushed Rahab, you who pierced the monster? -The speaker uses a question to emphasize Yahweh's power to do mighty things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The speaker uses a question to emphasize Yahweh's power to do mighty things. AT: "It is you who crushed Rahab, you who pierced the monster." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the sea monster … the dragon ## +# Rahab ... the monster -Both of these mean the same thing. They refer to Rahab, a mythological serpent that lives in the sea, which can symbolize the nation of Egypt, or it can symbolize evil and chaos. +Rahab was the name of this mythological serpent in the sea. Rahab can symbolize either the nation of Egypt or evil and chaos. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Did you not dry up the sea … for the redeemed to pass through? ## +# Did you not dry up the sea ... for the redeemed to pass through? -Again, the speaker uses questions to emphasize Yahweh's power to do mighty things. This refers to Yahweh opening the Red Sea for the Israelites to cross and escape the army of Egypt. \ No newline at end of file +Again, the speaker uses questions to emphasize Yahweh's power to do mighty things. This refers to Yahweh opening the Red Sea for the Israelites to cross and escape the army of Egypt. AT: "You dried up the sea ... for the redeemed to pass through." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/11.md b/isa/51/11.md index c42651b4f8..1e431d84a9 100644 --- a/isa/51/11.md +++ b/isa/51/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## The ransomed of Yahweh … will flee away ## +# General Information: -For verse 11, see how you translated many of these words in [Isaiah 35:10](../35/10.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is very similar to [Isaiah 35:10](../35/10.md). + +# The ransomed of Yahweh + +To "ransom" means to "rescue." This refers to people whom Yahweh has rescued. AT: "Those whom Yahweh has rescued" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# with gladness forever on their heads + +This uses a person's head to mean the person as a whole. AT: "they will be glad forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# gladness and joy ... sorrow and mourning + +The words "gladness" and "joy" mean basically the same thing, as do "sorrow" and "mourning." Together they emphasize the intensity of these emotions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# gladness and joy will overtake them + +This speaks of the people being overwhelmed by gladness and joy by giving these emotions the human quality of being able to overtake someone. AT: "they will be overwhelmed by joy and gladness" or "they will be extremely glad and joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# sorrow and mourning will flee away + +This speaks of the people no longer being sorrowful and mourning by speaking of these emotions as if they could run away. AT: "they will no longer be sorrowful and mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/12.md b/isa/51/12.md index 6fd08ce026..d517134b30 100644 --- a/isa/51/12.md +++ b/isa/51/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## I, I ## +# I, I, am he -This word is repeated for emphasis. +The word "I" is repeated for emphasis. If this is unnatural in your language, the repetition does not need to be used. AT: "I am he" -## Why are you afraid of men ## +# Why are you afraid of men ... like grass? -AT: "Do not be afraid of men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question emphasizes that people who have the Lord's protection should not be afraid of human beings. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Do not be afraid of men ... like grass." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## who are made like grass ## +# who are made like grass -This means humans live and quickly die like grass. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase compares men to grass to emphasize that their lives are short and that they die quickly. AT: "who live and die quickly like grass" or "who will wither and disappear like grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# who are made like + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who are like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/13.md b/isa/51/13.md index 9ada399941..664a28f867 100644 --- a/isa/51/13.md +++ b/isa/51/13.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Why have you forgotten Yahweh ## +# Why have you forgotten Yahweh ... earth? -Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that they should not forget Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that they should not forget Yahweh. This may be written as a statement. AT: "You should not have forgotten Yahweh ... earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Maker ## +# Maker -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 17:6](../17/06.md). +See how you translated this name for Yahweh in [Isaiah 17:7](../17/06.md). -## who stretched out the heavens ## +# who stretched out the heavens -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 40:21](../40/21.md). +"who spread out the sky." This speaks of Yahweh having created the heavens as if he had stretched them out in the same way one would stretch out a large garment. AT: "who stretched out the heavens like a garment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the foundations of the earth ## +# the foundations of the earth -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 24:17](../24/17.md). +The word "foundation" normally refers to a stone structure that gives support to a building from underneath. Here it describes a similar structure that was thought to support and hold the earth in place. See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 24:18](../24/17.md). -## Where is the fury of the oppressor? ## +# the hot fury of the oppressor when he decides to destroy -Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people should not fear those who want to oppress them. They are no longer a threat. \ No newline at end of file +"the oppressor's hot fury when he decides to cause destruction" + +# hot fury + +Here the word "hot" means "strong" or "great." AT: "great fury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Where is the fury of the oppressor? + +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people should not fear those who want to oppress them. Their oppressors are no longer a threat to them. This may be written as a statement. AT: "The fury of the oppressor is not a threat!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/14.md b/isa/51/14.md index 059e7a3606..9af139fa49 100644 --- a/isa/51/14.md +++ b/isa/51/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## The one who is bent down ## +# The one who is bent down -This refers to the people of Israel who are prisoners and forced to work for the Babylonians. +This refers to the people of Israel who are slaves of the Babylonians. This phrase describes how they work. AT: "The slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## nor will he lack bread ## +# the pit -AT: "nor will he lack food" +This refers to Sheol. AT: "the pit of Sheol" or "the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Yahweh of hosts ## +# nor will he lack bread -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "bread" represents food in general. This can be written in positive form. AT: "nor will he be without food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# who churns up the sea + +This speaks of Yahweh causing the sea to move and the waves to rise and fall as if he were stirring the sea as one stirs the contents of a bowl with a large spoon. AT: "who causes the sea to churn" or "who makes the sea move up and down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# its waves roar + +A roar is a powerful, loud sound made by something that is alive, such as a bear or lion. Here the waves are described as making this powerful sound. AT: "its waves crash loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts + +See how you translated this name for Yahweh in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/16.md b/isa/51/16.md index 71862a3009..94f654d818 100644 --- a/isa/51/16.md +++ b/isa/51/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## I have placed my words in your mouth ## +# I have placed my words in your mouth -Here "I" refers to Yahweh and "your" refers to his servant. AT: "I have told you what to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This speaks of Yahweh telling Isaiah what to say as if his words were a physical object Yahweh had placed in Isaiah's mouth. AT: "I have told you what to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and I have covered you in the shadow of my hand ## +# I have covered you in the shadow of my hand -AT: "and my power has kept you safe" +Yahweh's "hand" refers to his power. This speaks of Yahweh protecting Isaiah as if his hand were covering him to protect him. AT: "my power has kept you safe" or "I have protected you and kept you safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that I may plant the heavens ## +# that I may plant the heavens -This means the same as "stretch out the heavens." Here it emphasizes God's power to restore the heavens in the future. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 40:21](../40/21.md). +The word "plant" means to establish something in the ground. Here Yahweh firmly establishing the heavens is spoken of as if the heavens were a tent that he would spread out and firmly set it in place with tent pegs. AT: "that I may establish the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## lay the foundations of the earth ## +# lay the foundations of the earth -This emphasizes God's power to restore the earth in the future. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 24:17](../24/17.md). \ No newline at end of file +The word "foundation" normally refers to a stone structure that gives support to a building from underneath. Here it describes a similar structure that was thought to support and hold the earth in place. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 24:18](../24/17.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/17.md b/isa/51/17.md index 3ea568ea53..67a0d95a03 100644 --- a/isa/51/17.md +++ b/isa/51/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Awake, awake, stand up, Jerusalem ## +# Awake, awake, stand up, Jerusalem -The word "awake" is repeated for emphasis and shows urgency, to arouse the people of Israel, not to //literally// wake them from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +Here "Jerusalem" represents the people who live there. Yahweh speaks to the people of Jerusalem as if they were there listening to him. AT: "Awake, awake, stand up, you people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## you drank the bowl of Yahweh's anger from his hand ## +# Awake, awake, stand up -This compares the people of Israel who fully experienced God's anger and punishment to a person who drinks all the wine in a bowl. +"Be alert and arise." The repetition of the word "awake" emphasizes the urgency of the call to arouse the people of Israel. It is not used to wake them from literal sleep. -## the bowl of staggering ## +# you who have drunk out of the hand of Yahweh ... from the cup of staggering -This compares the people of Israel, who experienced Yahweh's punishment to the full, to a wine drinker who stumbles and falls down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of having punished his people as if he had forced them to drink from a bowl that was filled with his anger. And when they drank from the bowl of his anger, they staggered as if they had drank a lot of wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## There is no one among all the sons … to take her by the hand ## +# down to the dregs -These two clauses mean the same thing. Yahweh is describing the city of Jerusalem as if it were a mother and the people were her children. Here there are no children left to help their mother. This emphasizes how helpless the people were after God punished them. \ No newline at end of file +The word "dregs" means the solid pieces at the very bottom of a container that has a liquid in it. AT: "down to the very bottom" + +# out of the hand of Yahweh + +Here Yahweh is referred to by his hand to emphasize that he is the one who gave the bowl to his people. AT: "that he gave to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# from the cup of staggering + +"from the cup that caused you to stagger as if you were drunk on wine" + +# staggering + +not walking straight, or stumbling while walking + +# There is no one ... to guide her; there is no one ... to take her by the hand + +These two clauses have the same meaning and can be combined. This speaks of Jerusalem being helpless as if the city were a drunk woman without a son to help her walk safely. AT: "You have no one to help you! You are like a drunk old woman without a son to take her by the hand and guide her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/19.md b/isa/51/19.md index 29d1f42142..cf4e3511f5 100644 --- a/isa/51/19.md +++ b/isa/51/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## who will grieve with you...who will console you? ## +# who will grieve with you? ... Who will comfort you? -Isaiah uses questions to emphasize that now there is no one to weep with them or comfort them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Isaiah uses questions to emphasize that now there is no one to weep with them or comfort them. These questions may be written as statements. AT: "but there is no one to grieve with you ... There is no one to comfort you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## desolation and destruction ## +# These two troubles -"your enemies have left your city empty and ruined" +The two troubles refer to the following two phrases: "desolation and destruction" and "the famine and the sword." -## and the famine and the sword ## +# desolation and destruction -"and many of you have died from hunger and war" +These words have similar meanings and emphasize the destruction of the land caused by the opposing army. AT: "your enemies have left your city empty and ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## like an antelope in a net ## +# the famine and the sword -This means their children are completely helpless like an animal in a trap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The words "famine" and "sword" describe the trouble that will come upon the people. The "sword" refers to "war." AT: "many of you have died from hunger and war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## antelope ## +# they lie at every street corner -an animal with horns that runs very fast (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is generalization. Many children will lie in the street, but not necessarily on every street corner. AT: "they lie on the street" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# like an antelope in a net + +This speaks of the children being exhausted and helpless as if they were an antelope caught in a trap. AT: "they are helpless, like an antelope caught in a net" or "as helpless as a trapped antelope" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# antelope + +This is an animal, similar to a deer, that has horns and runs very fast. AT: "deer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# they are filled with the anger of Yahweh, the rebuke of your God + +The "anger of Yahweh" refers to Yahweh punishing his people because of his anger against them. This speaks of the people having been severely punished as if they had become full of Yahweh's anger. Also, the word "rebuke" can be written as a verb. AT: "they have been severely punished by Yahweh because he was angry with them and rebuked them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/21.md b/isa/51/21.md index 07a5ba740b..b72486aed3 100644 --- a/isa/51/21.md +++ b/isa/51/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## See, I have taken your hand from the cup of staggering ## +# you oppressed one and drunken one -This means God will stop being angry with them and stop causing them to suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh uses the word "one" here to refer to all of the oppressed people. AT: "you oppressed people and drunken people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## cup of staggering...cup of my anger ## +# drunken one, but not drunk with wine -See how you translated similar phrases in [Isaiah 51:17](./17.md). \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the people acting drunk because they are suffering as if they have become drunk from being forced to drink the bowl of Yahweh's anger. AT: "you who are drunk from drinking the wine of the bowl of Yahweh's anger" or "you who act drunk, because you have suffered greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# See, I have taken the cup of staggering from your hand—the bowl, which is the cup of my anger—so that + +This speaks of Yahweh no longer being angry with his people as if his anger were the contents of a cup that he was taking away from them. AT: "I will no longer be angry with you. See, it is like I have taken away from you the cup that made you stagger, that is, the cup that was full of my anger, so that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# See + +This is used to draw the listeners' attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# the cup of staggering + +The word "cup" refers to what is in the cup. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 51:17](./17.md). AT: "the cup of the wine that makes people stagger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the bowl, which is the cup of my anger + +Yahweh speaks of having punished people as if he had forced them to drink from a bowl that was filled with his anger. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 51:17](./17.md). AT: "the bowl which is filled with my anger" or "the cup which is filled with my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/23.md b/isa/51/23.md index 0501a3f99c..95933646dd 100644 --- a/isa/51/23.md +++ b/isa/51/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## I will put it into the hand of your tormentors ## +# I will put it into the hand of your tormentors -"I will put the cup of staggering into the hands of those who hurt you." This means God will now punish the enemies of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of Yahweh punishing their enemies as if he were going to force them to drink from the cup filled with his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you made your back like the ground and like the street for them to walk on ## +# I will put it into the hand of your tormentors -AT: "you lay in the streets so your enemies could walk on your backs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that by putting the cup of his anger in their hand Yahweh will be forcing them to drink what is in the cup. AT: "I will force your tormentors to drink from the wine of the bowl of my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your tormentors + +The word "tormentors" may be expressed with a verb. AT: "those who have tormented you" or "those who have caused you to suffer" + +# you made your back like the ground and like the street for them to walk on + +This compares the way their enemies walked on their back to the way people walk on the street. AT: "you lay in the streets so your enemies could walk on your backs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/51/intro.md b/isa/51/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..472e4d3aec --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/51/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Isaiah 51 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. These questions prove Yahweh's point and are intended to convince the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +##### Awake ##### +In this chapter the author uses sleeping as a metaphor for sin. The people are told to "awake," meaning they are to repent and return to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 51:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../50/intro.md) | [>>](../52/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/01.md b/isa/52/01.md index b4ba8142de..7aa3a9da78 100644 --- a/isa/52/01.md +++ b/isa/52/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Awake, awake ## +# Awake, awake -This word is repeated for emphasis and shows urgency. Isaiah is speaking to the people of Israel to arouse them, not to //literally// wake them from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +This word is repeated for emphasis and shows urgency. Isaiah trying to arouse the people is spoken of as if he were trying to wake them up from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Zion…Jerusalem ## +# put on your strength -AT: "people of Zion…people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Being strong again is spoken of as if strength were clothing that a person puts on. AT: "be strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## put on your strength ## +# Zion ... Jerusalem -AT: "show your strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these refer to the people who live in Jerusalem. Isaiah is speaking to the people as if they were there listening to him. AT: "people of Zion ... people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# the uncircumcised or the unclean + +These nominal adjectives can be stated as adjectives. AT: "Those who are uncircumcised or those who are unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the unclean + +This refers to unclean people. A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. AT: "those who are not acceptable to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# enter you + +Here "you" refers to Jerusalem which represents the people who live there. It is understood that the uncircumcised and unclean people would enter the city to attack the people. AT: "enter your city to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/02.md b/isa/52/02.md index 8dd6bb4db9..969ecb8259 100644 --- a/isa/52/02.md +++ b/isa/52/02.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Shake yourself off from the dust ## +# Shake yourself off from the dust; arise and sit, Jerusalem -"Shake the dust off of you" +Here "Jerusalem" represents the people who live there. AT: "People of Jerusalem, sit up and shake the dirt off of yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## take off the chain from your neck, captive ## +# take off the chain from your neck, captive -The people of Jerusalem have been captives in Babylon. Now Yahweh is going to bring them home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It is implied that the people of Jerusalem were wearing chains because they were slaves while exiled in Babylon. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the daughter of Zion ## +# daughter of Zion -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +This is an idiom. The "daughter" of a city means the people of the city. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "people of Zion" or "people who live in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## You were sold for nothing, and you will be redeemed without money ## +# You were sold for nothing, and you will be redeemed without money -AT: "I sold you for nothing, and I will redeem you without money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks about Yahweh as if he were the owner of the people of Israel. Since he is the rightful owner he can give them away or take them back whenever he wants. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I sold you for nothing, and I will redeem you without money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/04.md b/isa/52/04.md index 9dff55c1ed..3e82969e57 100644 --- a/isa/52/04.md +++ b/isa/52/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Assyria has oppressed them ## +# In the beginning -AT: "the people of Assyria have treated them badly through cruelty and force" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "beginning" refers to the start of Israel's history as they were first becoming a people. + +# went down into Egypt + +"went to Egypt." It was common to use the phrase "went down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. + +# Assyria has oppressed them + +Assyria refers to the people of Assyria. AT: "the people of Assyria have treated them badly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/05.md b/isa/52/05.md index a33b558b78..190b215e2b 100644 --- a/isa/52/05.md +++ b/isa/52/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Now, what do I have here ## +# Now what do I have here ... seeing that my people are taken away for nothing? -Yahweh uses a question to make the people pay attention to what he is about to say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to make the people pay attention to what he is about to say. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Now look at what is happening ... my people are again taken away for nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## declaration of Yahweh ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:21](../14/21.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## seeing that my people are taken away for nothing ## +# seeing that my people are taken away for nothing -AT: "I see the enemy taking my people away without cause" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I see the enemy taking my people away for nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## my name is slandered continually all the day ## +# for nothing -Here "name" refers to God's reputation. AT: "those who watch the enemy take away my people are continually saying evil things about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "for nothing" means the Babylonians took the people unjustly and without cause or 2) this continues the metaphor from [Isaiah 52:3](./02.md) where Yahweh is spoken of as if he owned the people of Israel and could give them away for nothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Those who rule over them mock + +This refers to the Babylonians who have conquered the people. However, some versions have, "Those who rule over them wail." For these versions, this passage refers to the leaders of the Israelites in captivity. + +# my name is slandered continually all day long + +Here "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. This can be stated in active form. AT: "those who watch the enemy take away my people are continually saying evil things about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Therefore my people will know my name + +Here "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. AT: "Therefore my people will truly know who I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/07.md b/isa/52/07.md index 8bb41f7b36..af19c5ff3a 100644 --- a/isa/52/07.md +++ b/isa/52/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah is speaking to the people of Israel. -## the feet of the messenger ## +# How beautiful on the mountains are the feet of the messenger who brings good news -Here "feet" refers to the messenger walking and bringing good news to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "feet" represents a messenger who is walking. AT: "It is beautiful to see a messenger coming over the mountains to announce good news" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## every eye of theirs ## +# to Zion -AT: "every one of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Zion" represents the people of Zion. AT: "to the people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# raise their voices + +This is an idiom. AT: "shout loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# every eye of theirs + +Here "eye" represents the whole person. AT: "every one of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/09.md b/isa/52/09.md index e33ca2cb5a..81635e5ba3 100644 --- a/isa/52/09.md +++ b/isa/52/09.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## bared his holy arm ## +# you ruins of Jerusalem -This refers to Yahweh's holiness and power. He is preparing to rescue his people, perhaps by taking off his coat and being ready to use his sword. Even his arm is holy, meaning set apart to rescue his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Isaiah speaks of the ruins of Jerusalem as if they were a person that could rejoice. This represents the people of Jerusalem who were defeated. AT: "you people who live among the ruins of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# he has redeemed Jerusalem + +Here "Jerusalem" represents the people. AT: "he has redeemed the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bared his holy arm + +Here "arm" represents Yahweh's power. Yahweh showing all the people of the nations that he is holy and powerful is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who removed his cloak, baring his arms for battle. AT: "showed his holiness and mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the nations; all the earth + +Here "nations" and "earth" represent the people of all the nations all over the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/11.md b/isa/52/11.md index 14bab6182b..78df7d0667 100644 --- a/isa/52/11.md +++ b/isa/52/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Leave, leave ## +# Leave, leave -This word is repeated for emphasis and adds a note of urgency, but not that they need to necessarily leave quickly. +This word is repeated to emphasize that the people must indeed leave, although not necessarily right away. -## go out from there ## +# go out from there -"go out from the land where you are slaves" \ No newline at end of file +It is assumed knowledge that the people of Israel were slaves in Babylon. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "go out from the land where you are slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# touch nothing unclean + +Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. AT: "touch nothing that is unacceptable to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# leave from her midst + +Here "her" represents Babylon. + +# Yahweh will go before you; and the God of Israel will be your rearguard + +Yahweh protecting his people from their enemies is spoken of as if he were the warriors who go ahead of the people and the warriors who stay behind the people to protect them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/13.md b/isa/52/13.md index 4b85f1a62e..0817282d28 100644 --- a/isa/52/13.md +++ b/isa/52/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## he will be high and elevated; he will be very exalted ## +# he will be high and lifted up, and he will be exalted -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the his greatness. AT for one single expression could be: "I will give my servant the greatest honor" (See the way you translated something similar in [Isaiah 6:1](../06/01.md); [Isaiah 33:10](../33/10.md) and [Isaiah 57:14](../57/14.md).) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. These two phrases "high and lifted up" and "will be exalted" have basically the same meaning and emphasize that Yahweh will honor his servant. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 33:10](../33/10.md). AT: "I will give my servant the greatest honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## high and elevated ## +# horrified at you -These words mean basically the same thing. AT: "highly elevated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here "you" refers to Yahweh's servant. However, translators may decide to change "you" to "him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## horrified at you ## +# his appearance was so disfigured beyond that of any man -Here "you" refers to Yahweh's servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) - -## his appearance was so disfigured out of human appearance, so that the sight of him was far from anything human ## - -AT: "His enemies beat his body so badly that he did not even look like a human anymore" \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that the servant is disfigured because enemies beat him very badly. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "his enemies beat his body so badly that he did not even look like a human anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/15.md b/isa/52/15.md index 58fd74d684..7ec9038ae3 100644 --- a/isa/52/15.md +++ b/isa/52/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about his servant. -## startle ## +# my servant will sprinkle many nations -to surprise suddenly, possibly from fear, making someone move without thinking about it +The servant causing the people of the nations to be acceptable to Yahweh is spoken of as if the servant were a priest who sprinkles the blood of a sacrifice to make someone or something acceptable to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## That which they had not been told ## +# will sprinkle -AT: "That which no one had told them" or "Something no one had told them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The Hebrew word translated "sprinkle" here can also be translated as "surprise" or "startle," which some versions of the Bible do. + +# many nations + +Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# kings will shut their mouths + +The phrase "shut their mouths" is an idiom. AT: "kings will stop talking" or "kings will be silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that which they had not been told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that which no one had told them" or "something no one had told them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/52/intro.md b/isa/52/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d48590c6ad --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/52/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Isaiah 52 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +The prophecies of this chapter occur after the exile in Babylon and are not in reference to the people contemporary to Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +There is an important teaching or prophecy about the messiah beginning in this chapter and continues through the next chapter. This prophesy begins in 52:13 and scholars usually note that it portrays the messiah as a "suffering servant." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 52:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../51/intro.md) | [>>](../53/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/01.md b/isa/53/01.md index ef343d8f14..80445b51ea 100644 --- a/isa/53/01.md +++ b/isa/53/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Here Isaiah describes events that will happen in the future as if they happened in the past. This emphasizes that they certainly will happen. +# General Information: -## Who would have believed what we heard? ## +Here Isaiah describes events that will happen in the future as if they happened in the past. This emphasizes that they certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -What Isaiah just found out is so amazing that he wonders if the exiles will believe it. The "we" includes him and those in exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# General Information: -## Who would have believed ## +Isaiah continues describing Yahweh's servant. -This question is like the one above, expressing surprise. +# Who has believed what they heard from us -## And the arm of Yahweh, to whom was it revealed? ## +What Isaiah just found out is so amazing that he wonders if the exiles will believe it. The "we" includes him and those in exile. AT: "It is hard for anyone to believe what we have heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "And to whom has Yahweh revealed his power?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# to whom has the arm of Yahweh been revealed? -## For he grew up before Yahweh like a sapling, and like a sprout out of parched earth ## +Arm refers to God's power. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has revealed his power to people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Here "he" refers to God's servant whom Isaiah compares to a very young tree. This emphasizes that he will appear weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +# For he grew up before Yahweh like a sapling + +Here "he" refers to God's servant whom Isaiah compares to a very young tree. This emphasizes that he will appear weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# out of parched earth + +"parched earth" is hard and dry ground that will not allow plants to grow and represents where the servant of Yahweh will come. AT: "out of an impossible situation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/03.md b/isa/53/03.md index 1a31dcdbcb..475aabd10c 100644 --- a/isa/53/03.md +++ b/isa/53/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## He was despised and rejected by people ## +Isaiah continues describing Yahweh's servant. (See: [Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)) -AT: "People considered him as nothing and rejected him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# He was despised and rejected by people -## a man of sorrows ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People considered him as nothing and rejected him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a man of sorrows "a man knowing all kinds of sadness" -## from whom men hide their faces ## +# from whom men hide their faces -"from whom people turn away" +"Face" represents a person's attention or fellowship. Hiding one's face means to turn away from someone. AT: "from whom people turn away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he was despised ## +# he was despised -AT: "they considered him to be worthless" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they considered him to be worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/04.md b/isa/53/04.md index 461604e565..9ef0ca34d2 100644 --- a/isa/53/04.md +++ b/isa/53/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## he has borne our sicknesses and carried our sorrows ## +Isaiah continues describing Yahweh's servant. (See: [Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)) -"he has taken our sicknesses and sorrows upon himself" +# he has borne our sicknesses and carried our sorrows -## yet we thought he was being punished by God, struck by God, and afflicted ## +To "bear" or carry an abstraction like sickness and sorrow represents taking it up. AT: "he has taken our sicknesses and sorrows upon himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "yet we thought God was punishing and afflicting him because he sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# yet we thought he was being punished by God, struck by God, and afflicted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "yet we thought God was punishing and afflicting him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/05.md b/isa/53/05.md index ea190c4c8e..7ae63a8632 100644 --- a/isa/53/05.md +++ b/isa/53/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## But he was pierced because of our rebellious deeds; he was crushed because of our sins ## +Isaiah continues describing Yahweh's servant. (See: [Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)) -The words "rebellious deeds" and "sins" mean the same thing. AT: "God allowed the enemy to stab him and kill him because of our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# But he was pierced because of our rebellious deeds; he was crushed because of our sins -## the punishment for our peace was on him ## +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the servant suffered because of the people's sins. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God allowed the enemy to stab him and kill him because of our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "he accepted this punishment so we would be well off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# The punishment for our peace was on him -## and with his wounds we are healed ## +This refers to peace with God. This can be made explicit. AT: "He accepted this punishment so we could live in harmony" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "and he healed us by allowing the enemy to wound him" \ No newline at end of file +# with his wounds we are healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he healed us by his suffering of the wounds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/06.md b/isa/53/06.md index b6906f5954..79a249811e 100644 --- a/isa/53/06.md +++ b/isa/53/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## We all like sheep have gone astray ## +Isaiah continues describing Yahweh's servant. (See: [Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)) -Sheep often leave the path on which the shepherd leads them. Isaiah means that every person has done what God commands not to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# We all like sheep have gone astray -## the iniquity of us all ## +Sheep often leave the path on which the shepherd leads them. Isaiah means that we do what we want instead of what God commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -Our "iniquity" here represents the punishment for our sin. AT: "the punishment for the sin of every one of us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the iniquity of us all + +Our "iniquity" here represents the guilt for our sin. AT: "the guilt for the sin of every one of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/07.md b/isa/53/07.md index 4eba657002..5065594fa4 100644 --- a/isa/53/07.md +++ b/isa/53/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## He was oppressed ## +Isaiah continues describing Yahweh's servant. (See: [Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)) -AT: "They treated him harshly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# He was oppressed -## he did not open his mouth ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They treated him harshly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "he did not protest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# he did not open his mouth -## as a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and as a sheep that before its shearers is silent ## +"Mouth" represents what a person says. Opening one's mouth means to speak. AT: "he did not protest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and as a sheep that before its shearers is silent Isaiah compares the servant to a lamb and a sheep to emphasize that he will remain silent as people harm and humiliate him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## as a lamb that is led to the slaughter ## +# as a lamb that is led to the slaughter -AT: "just as a lamb is silent as a person slaughters it" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as a lamb is silent as a person slaughters it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/08.md b/isa/53/08.md index 8382448b1b..c3a1eac301 100644 --- a/isa/53/08.md +++ b/isa/53/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## By coercion and judgment he was condemned ## +Isaiah continues describing Yahweh's servant. (See: [Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)) -AT: "They treated him harshly, judged him, and condemned him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# By coercion and judgment he was condemned -## who from that generation thought anymore about him? ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They treated him harshly, judged him, and condemned him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "no one from his generation cared what happened to him" Or "no one among his contempories cared what happened to him " (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# coercion -## But he was cut off from the land of the living ## +The Hebrew word translated here as "coercion" is interpreted by some versions as "arrest." For these versions, the thought is that the Servant will be arrested and then judged and condemned. -"But he died" Or "But he was taken away" +# who from that generation thought anymore about him? -## of my people ## +This question emphasizes that no one thinks about him. AT: "no one from his generation cared what happened to him." or "no one among his contemporaries cared what happened to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who from that generation thought anymore about him? + +Many versions interpret this passage in Hebrew differently: "Who can say anything about his descendants?" or "Who can say anything about his fate?" + +# But he was cut off from the land of the living + +"Cut off" here refers to death. This can be stated in active form. AT: "But he died" or "But death took him away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# of my people "of the people of Israel" -## nor had there been any deceit in his mouth ## +# nor had there been any deceit in his mouth -AT: "nor did he deceive anyone when he spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Mouth" represents what a person says. AT: "nor did he deceive anyone when he spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/10.md b/isa/53/10.md index 1cc9b0f98f..2d3c124803 100644 --- a/isa/53/10.md +++ b/isa/53/10.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## if you make his soul ## +Isaiah continues describing Yahweh's servant. (See: [Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)) -Here, "soul" refers to the servant. Possible meanings are 1) "if you, people of Israel, will make him" or 2) "if you, Yahweh, will make him" or 3) "if you will make yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## he will see his offspring ## +# he will see his offspring Here, "offspring" means those people that Yahweh has forgiven because of the servant's sacrifice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he will lengthen his days ## +# he will prolong his days -"Yahweh will make his servant live again" +This speaks of making him live for more time. AT: "Yahweh will make his servant live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Yahweh's purpose will be accomplished through him ## +# Yahweh's purpose will be accomplished through him -AT: "Yahweh will accomplish his purpose through his servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will accomplish his purpose through his servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## After the suffering of his soul ## +# After the suffering of his life -AT: "After the servant has suffered" +Here "his life" refers to the servant. AT: "After the servant has suffered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## My righteous servant ## +# he will see light + +Many versions understand "light" here to stand for life. That is, the servant will become alive again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My righteous servant Here "my" refers to Yahweh. -## their iniquities ## +# he will bear their iniquities -"their iniquities" here represent the penalty for their sin. AT: "the penalty for their iniquities" or "the punishment for their sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "bear" means carry. Possible meanings are 1) "their iniquities" is a metonym representing the punishment for their sins. AT: "he will take their punishment" or "he will be punished for their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])or 2) "their iniquities" is a metonym representing their guilt. AT: "he will take their guilt upon himself" or "he will be guilty for their sins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/12.md b/isa/53/12.md index 6e7026c53d..c017d50285 100644 --- a/isa/53/12.md +++ b/isa/53/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues describing his servant. -## Therefore will I give him his portion among the multitudes, and he will divide the spoils with the many ## +# Therefore will I give him his portion among the multitudes, and he will divide the spoils with the many -This refers to a king after a victorious battle sharing the plunder or rewards with his army. This means God will greatly honor his servant because of his sacrifice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These two clauses mean basically the same thing. "Portion" and "spoils" refer to a king after a victorious battle sharing the plunder or rewards with his army. This means God will greatly honor his servant because of his sacrifice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## because he exposed his life to death ## +# the multitudes -AT: "he willingly risked death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Many versions interpret this expression as "the many" or "the strong." -## and was numbered with the transgressors ## +# because he exposed himself to death -AT: "and allowed people to treat him as a criminal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Exposed" means to be vulnerable or unprotected. The servant of Yahweh put himself in a situation where he would die. AT: "he willingly accepted the possibility of death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He bore the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors ## +# was numbered with the transgressors -The word "intercession" here means the servant pleaded or prayed to Yahweh on behalf of sinners. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "allowed people to treat him as a criminal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/53/intro.md b/isa/53/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..98858828c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/53/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Isaiah 53 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +In this chapter there is an important teaching or prophecy about the messiah and his life and ministry. It begins in 52:13 and scholars usually note that it portrays the messiah as a "suffering servant." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Atonement ##### +This chapter prophesies about the death of Christ for sin. Most scholars believe it teaches that Christ was a righteous man who died for the sins of mankind. This is usually referred to as the atonement. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 53:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../52/intro.md) | [>>](../54/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/01.md b/isa/54/01.md index 5b3df6334c..2f9250b333 100644 --- a/isa/54/01.md +++ b/isa/54/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## you barren woman…children of the married woman ## +# you barren woman ... children of the married woman -A woman who did not have a husband or could not have children felt ashamed and sad. Yahweh is telling Jerusalem that even though it is "childless" now, the city abandoned and empty, that one day its population would increase to the point of being crowded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh telling the people of Jerusalem to rejoice because there will be many people living in Jerusalem again is spoken of as if Yahweh were telling a barren women she is going to have many children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# break into joyful singing and cry aloud, you who have never been in birth labor + +This statement means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the children of the desolate one are more + +An event that will happen in the future is spoken of as if it happened in the past. This emphasizes that the event will certainly happen. AT: "For the children of the desolate woman will be more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# the desolate one + +Here "desolate" means that the woman's husband had rejected and abandoned her \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/02.md b/isa/54/02.md index 32c32c1584..7edd70a47b 100644 --- a/isa/54/02.md +++ b/isa/54/02.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## Make your tent larger…strengthen your stakes ## +# Make your tent larger ... strengthen your stakes -This continues God's promise to increase the number of Israelites, and the use of "tent" recalls their former nomadic life. God is telling them to make room for an increased population and descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This continues the metaphor that began in [Isaiah 54:1](./01.md). Yahweh telling the people of Jerusalem to prepare because Yahweh will greatly increase their people is spoken of as if he is telling a woman to make her tent bigger to make room for many children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For you will spread out + +Here "you" is singular and refers to the barren woman. She represents herself and all of her descendants. AT: "For you and your descendants will spread out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# will conquer nations + +Here "nations" represents the people. AT: "will conquer the people of other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/04.md b/isa/54/04.md index 34fd838d2a..329a2c8351 100644 --- a/isa/54/04.md +++ b/isa/54/04.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## you will forget the shame of your youth and the disgrace of your abandonment ## +# you will forget the shame of your youth and the disgrace of your abandonment -Yahweh is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if they were a woman whose husband had left them and is addressing the shame they felt when the army of Babylon defeated them and took them into exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh telling the people that in the future they will not even think about the shame they experienced when their enemies defeated them is spoken of as if Yahweh were telling a woman that she will no longer think about the shame she experienced from being unable to have children and having her husband abandon her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/05.md b/isa/54/05.md index 340e5fc98f..9c62ca804e 100644 --- a/isa/54/05.md +++ b/isa/54/05.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem . +# General Information: -## For your Maker is your husband…like a woman married young and rejected ## +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -Yahweh continues describing the people of Jerusalem as a young, abandoned woman. Yahweh says he will be their husband. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# For your Maker is your husband -## Maker ## +Yahweh loving and taking care of his people is spoken of as if he were their husband. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 17:6](../17/06.md). +# Maker -## Yahweh of hosts ## +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 17:7](../17/06.md). + +# Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:24](../01/24.md). -## the Holy One of Israel ## +# The Holy One of Israel -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:15](../05/15.md). +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:16](../05/15.md). -## Redeemer ## +# Redeemer See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md). -## he is called ## +# he is called the God of the whole earth -AT: "he is the God of the whole earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he is the God of the whole earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and grieved in spirit ## +# Yahweh has called you back as a wife ... like a woman married young and rejected -This means she is emotionally hurt or heartbroken. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh sending his people away into exile then bringing them back is spoken of as if Yahweh were a husband who had rejected his wife but now accepts her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# grieved in spirit + +Here "spirit" represents a person's inner being. AT: "grieved" or "made sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/07.md b/isa/54/07.md index 501692c21a..01fe658184 100644 --- a/isa/54/07.md +++ b/isa/54/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## I hid my face from you ## +# In a flood of anger -God abandoned his people and let them suffer. +Yahweh being very angry is spoken of as if his anger were a flood that overwhelms people. AT: "When I was very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## covenant faithfulness ## +# I hid my face from you -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 16:5](../16/05.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "hid my face" is an idiom that means God abandoned his people and let them suffer. AT: "I abandoned you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# but with everlasting covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." See how you translated "covenant faithfulness" in [Isaiah 16:5](../16/05.md). AT: "but because I always am faithful to my covenant with you" or "but because I am always faithful to do what I promise to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# says Yahweh, the one who rescues you + +Here Yahweh speaks about himself in the third person. It can be stated in first person. AT: "that is what I, Yahweh, your rescuer, say to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/09.md b/isa/54/09.md index 152e5223a7..920279d7c2 100644 --- a/isa/54/09.md +++ b/isa/54/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## and the hills be shaken ## +# the waters of Noah -AT: "and the hills may shake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This refers to the flood that Yahweh caused during the time of Noah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## my covenant faithfulness will not turn away from you ## +# Though the mountains may fall and the hills be shaken, yet my steadfast love -Here, "covenant" refers to the promise made to Noah. AT: “I will not stop being faithful to you as I promised in my covenant” or ”I will always be faithful to you because of my covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Yahweh describes a hypothetical condition to explain what would happen even if those conditions were met. AT: "Even if the mountains fell and the hills shook, my steadfast love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## nor will my covenant of peace be shaken ## +# the hills be shaken -AT: “and I will not cancel my covenant of peace” or “and I will surely give you peace as I promised in my covenant” \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the hills may shake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my steadfast love will not turn away from you + +Yahweh continuing to love his people is spoken of as if his love would not turn away from the people. AT: "I will not stop loving you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# nor will my covenant of peace be shaken + +Yahweh not canceling his covenant with the people is spoken of as if his covenant were an object that would not be shaken. This can be stated in active form. AT: "and I will not cancel my covenant of peace" or "and I will surely give you peace as I promised in my covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# says Yahweh, who has mercy on you + +Here Yahweh speaks about himself in the third person. It can be stated in first person. AT: "that is what I, Yahweh, who acts mercifully, say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/11.md b/isa/54/11.md index 629347ce73..08d9634648 100644 --- a/isa/54/11.md +++ b/isa/54/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## storm-driven ## +# Afflicted one -driven** - Yahweh compares the people to something that the storm and wind blows around. This means the people are hurt and without stability. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here Yahweh speaks to the city of Jerusalem as if it were listening to him. Here Jerusalem represents the people who live there. AT: "You afflicted people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## uncomforted one ## +# storm-driven + +Yahweh speaks of the people as if they were blown around and damaged by the winds and storms. This means the people were hurt and without stability. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# uncomforted one "without comfort" -## turquoise…sapphires…rubies ## +# I will set your pavement in turquoise ... wall of beautiful stone -These are precious gemstones. Turquoise is light blue-to-green, sapphires are //typically// dark blue, and rubies are red-to-pink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh describes in ideal terms how he will restore Jerusalem and cause it to be beautiful again. Although the language may be exaggerated, you should translate this just as Yahweh described it. + +# turquoise ... sapphires ... rubies + +These are precious gemstones. Turquoise is light blue-to-green, sapphires are typically dark blue, and rubies are red-to-pink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/13.md b/isa/54/13.md index 0ffb74c31f..65c685f66c 100644 --- a/isa/54/13.md +++ b/isa/54/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## And all your children will be taught by Yahweh ## +# Then all your children will be taught by Yahweh -"children" refers to the future population of Jerusalem. AT: "And Yahweh will teach all your people" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "And Yahweh will teach all your children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and nothing frightening will come near you ## +# by Yahweh -This means that no one in the city or outsiders will ever terrify the inhabitants. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself in the third person. It can be stated in first person. AT: "by me, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# In righteousness I will reestablish you + +The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as the adjective "right." AT: "I will cause you to be strong again because you will do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# nothing frightening will come near you + +This means that no one in the city or outsiders will ever terrify the inhabitants of Jerusalem again. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/15.md b/isa/54/15.md index 130e5dfa52..4512f110c6 100644 --- a/isa/54/15.md +++ b/isa/54/15.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continue speaking to the people of Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continue speaking to the people of Jerusalem. + +# stirs up trouble + +This is an idiom. AT: "causes trouble" or "troubles you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will fall in defeat + +This is an idiom. AT: "you will defeat them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/17.md b/isa/54/17.md index a801e23b8e..5ea409c536 100644 --- a/isa/54/17.md +++ b/isa/54/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## No weapon that is formed against you will succeed ## +# No weapon that is formed against you will succeed -AT: "No one who makes a weapon to attack you can hurt you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Enemies not succeeding against Yahweh's people is spoken of as if their weapons would not succeed against Yahweh's people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Enemies may form weapons to attack you but they will not defeat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## declaration of Yahweh ## +# This is the heritage of the servants of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:21](../14/21.md). \ No newline at end of file +The reward that Yahweh will give to those who serve him is spoken of as if the reward were something they would inherit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/54/intro.md b/isa/54/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a9c0a908b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/54/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 54 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's covenant faithfulness ##### +This chapter focuses on Yahweh's faithfulness to fulfill his covenants. It references several different covenant promises in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 54:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../53/intro.md) | [>>](../55/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/01.md b/isa/55/01.md index edf8cf31d6..33663718a7 100644 --- a/isa/55/01.md +++ b/isa/55/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel in exile through Isaiah. +# Connecting Statement: -## Ho ## +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem in exile through Isaiah. -This word is used to get their attention. You may have a similar word in your language. AT: "Listen to me." Or it can be omitted. +# General Information: -## all who thirst ## +Yahweh speaks of blessing the people freely as if he were selling food and drink to needy people for free. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This metaphor points to the spiritual thirst of the people for Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Come ... Come -## come ## +The repetition of this word four times adds a sense of urgency to the invitation. -There is an urgency shown through three uses of "come." +# buy wine and milk without money and without cost -## wine and milk ## - -The land of Judah produced wine and milk. These are symbols of God's mercy. \ No newline at end of file +There is a sense of irony in this statement since a person usually has to use money to buy something. This emphasizes Yahweh's amazing grace in giving these things freely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/02.md b/isa/55/02.md index 9ef9125ba5..1161ef8114 100644 --- a/isa/55/02.md +++ b/isa/55/02.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continue speaking to the people of Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## Why do you weigh out silver for what is not bread? And labor for what does not satisfy? ## +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that he is frustrated because the people are seeking things that have no value. AT: "Do not spend your money on food that is not beneficial. Do not work for things that will not satisfy you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Why do you weigh out silver for what is not bread? -## eat what is good, and delight your lives in fatness ## +Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. He speaks of the people seeking happiness apart from Yahweh as if they were purchasing things to eat that were not food. AT: "You should not weigh out silver for what is not bread." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This means if the people will obey Yahweh he will bless them and give them what can truly satisfy them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# weigh out silver -## in fatness ## +This refers to counting silver coins in order to pay someone for something. AT: "pay money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"in an abundance of the best food" \ No newline at end of file +# for what is not bread + +Here the word "bread" represents food in general. It is implied that the people were buying things to eat that were not really food. AT: "for things to eat that are not really food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# why do you labor for what does not satisfy? + +Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. He speaks of them seeking happiness apart from Yahweh as if they were working to earn money to buy things that could not satisfy them. AT: "you should not be working for money to spend on things that do not satisfy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# eat what is good, and delight yourselves in fatness + +The people trusting Yahweh for blessing and happiness is spoken of as if they are eating good food that is making them happy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in fatness + +The word "fatness" refers to meat that has plenty of fat on it and is an idiom for fine food. AT: "with the best foods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/03.md b/isa/55/03.md index 4449e89fc0..47a08fe113 100644 --- a/isa/55/03.md +++ b/isa/55/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## covenant faithfulness ## +# Turn your ears -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 16:5](../16/05.md). +Listening to or paying attention to someone is spoken of as if it were turning one's ears to someone. AT: "Pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## given to David ## +# I have placed him -AT: "that I gave to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## I have placed him ## - -Possible meanings are 1) this refers to what King David did in the past, or 2) it refers to what God will do through one of David's descendants. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to what Yahweh did for King David in the past or 2) it refers to what God will do through one of David's descendants. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/05.md b/isa/55/05.md index 65cb51c2b4..26d18ebec4 100644 --- a/isa/55/05.md +++ b/isa/55/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## the Holy One of Israel ## +# the Holy One of Israel -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:15](../05/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/06.md b/isa/55/06.md index 2e4ae81289..9341a9fe41 100644 --- a/isa/55/06.md +++ b/isa/55/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Seek Yahweh while he may be found; call on him while he is nearby ## +# Seek Yahweh while he may be found -These clauses mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. It means the people need to repent and start obeying God while he is willing to forgive them and bless them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Seek Yahweh while you can still find him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Seek Yahweh while he may be found ## +# Let the wicked leave his path -AT: "Seek Yahweh while you may still find him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "wicked" refers to wicked people. Yahweh speaks of wicked people no longer sinning as if they were to stop walking along a path that they had been traveling. AT: "Let wicked people change the way they live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Let the wicked leave his path ## +# the man of sin his thoughts -Here "path" refers to a person's behavior. +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "let the sinful man leave his thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## and he will pity him ## +# his thoughts -"and Yahweh will pity him" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "the way he thinks" or 2) "his plans" + +# he will pity him + +"Yahweh will pity him" + +# to our God + +The verb may be supplied from the first phrase in this sentence. AT: "let him return to our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/08.md b/isa/55/08.md index 0261e9ce20..140b46fa27 100644 --- a/isa/55/08.md +++ b/isa/55/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -## declaration of Yahweh ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:21](../14/21.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts ## +# for as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts -This emphasizes that what God thinks and does is beyond what a human can understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the things that he does and how he thinks as being far superior to or higher than what people do and think, just like the sky is much higher than the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/10.md b/isa/55/10.md index 2fc86a94a0..2269691bff 100644 --- a/isa/55/10.md +++ b/isa/55/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## For as the rain…for which I sent it ## +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -This means God will certainly accomplish all that he has promised and planned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# For as the rain and snow ... do not return there -## so also my word will be that goes from my mouth ## +This is likely a description of the rain and snow evaporating. -AT: "so also will be the word that I speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# so also my word ... it will achieve the purpose for which I sent it -## my word ## +Yahweh speaks of his word as if it were a person whom he sends out as his messenger to accomplish a task. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This refers to God's promises, plan and purpose. +# my word will be that goes from my mouth -## it will not return to me uselessly ## +Here the word "mouth" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "the word that I speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -Here Yahweh describes his word as active and creative, which will accomplish his plans. AT: "my plan will not fail" +# it will not return to me empty -## but it will accomplish that which I wish, and it will succeed in that for which I sent it ## - -AT: "but I will accomplish what I wish, and I will fulfill the purpose of my plan" \ No newline at end of file +Here the description of the word returning to Yahweh means that it has completed the task that Yahweh had sent it to complete. That it will not return "empty" means that it will not fail to accomplish its task. AT: "it will not fail to complete its task" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/12.md b/isa/55/12.md index a526ac75be..c04a272c41 100644 --- a/isa/55/12.md +++ b/isa/55/12.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## the mountains and the hills will break out in joyful shouts before you, and all the trees of the fields will clap their hands ## +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -Yahweh describes the mountains, hills, and trees as people celebrating. This emphasizes what a happy occasion it will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# be led along peacefully -## thornbushes … brier ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will lead you along peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -These are essentially weeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# the mountains and the hills will break out in joyful shouts before you, and all the trees of the fields will clap their hands -## evergreens ## +Yahweh speaks of the mountains, hills, and trees as if they were people with voices and hands, celebrating as Yahweh rescues his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -Here, this refers to tall trees (in contrast to the low-growing weeds) with leaves or needles that stay green all year long. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# Instead of the thornbushes, the cypress will grow; and instead of the brier, the myrtle tree will grow -## myrtle tree ## +The words "thornbushes" and "brier" refer to species of plants that have sharp thorns growing on them. The words "cypress" and "myrtle" refer to species of evergreen trees. The thorny plants symbolize desolation, while the evergreens symbolize life and prosperity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -a tree with green leaves and white flowers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# for his name -## for his name ## +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's fame. AT: "for his fame" or "for his honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "for his honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# that will not be cut off -## that will not be cut off ## - -AT: "that I will not remove" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Something ceasing to exist is spoken of as if it were cut off, as a branch is cut off of a tree or a piece of fabric is cut off of clothing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that will never end" or "that will last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/55/intro.md b/isa/55/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f208b2b7d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/55/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 55 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an important quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Gentiles ##### +Many scholars believe this chapter prophesies that Gentiles will be able to come to a saving faith in Yahweh. At this time, the Israelites believed that only an Israelite could be saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 55:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../54/intro.md) | [>>](../56/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/56/01.md b/isa/56/01.md index 581184d247..4fbaad5c5c 100644 --- a/isa/56/01.md +++ b/isa/56/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## for my salvation is near, and my righteousness is about to be revealed. ## +# for my salvation is near, and my righteousness is about to be revealed. -AT: "I will soon save you and show you that I am righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will soon save you and show you that I am righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## whoever who holds it tightly ## +# who holds it tightly -AT: "whoever is careful to always do this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "holds it tightly" is an idiom that means to continue to observe something. AT: "who is careful to always do this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## keeps his hand from doing any evil ## +# keeps his hand from doing any evil -Here "hand" refers to the person's actions or behaviors. AT: "does not do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the "hand" represents the whole person and emphasizes the person's actions or behaviors. AT: "does not do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/56/03.md b/isa/56/03.md index f1ff9b0f6b..6f0ca59d99 100644 --- a/isa/56/03.md +++ b/isa/56/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## See, I am a dry tree ## +# See, I am a dry tree -This means eunuchs may have thought they could not be a part of God's people because they were deformed by castration (and for this reason could not have children). Israelites did not practice castration; foreigners did, sometimes for punishment. So eunuchs who had accepted the Hebrew faith knew that normally they were not allowed to worship in the temple (Deut. 23:1) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means eunuchs may have thought they could not be a part of God's people because they were deformed by castration (and for this reason could not have children). Israelites did not practice castration; foreigners did, sometimes for punishment. Eunuchs who had accepted the Hebrew faith knew that normally they were not allowed to worship in the temple (Deut. 23:1). The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/56/04.md b/isa/56/04.md index 222c4469bc..336cc8e511 100644 --- a/isa/56/04.md +++ b/isa/56/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## that will not be cut off ## +# in my house and within my walls -AT: "that will never end" or "that will never be forgotten" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean the same thing. AT: "inside the walls of my temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# that will never be cut off + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that will never end" or "that will never be forgotten" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/56/06.md b/isa/56/06.md index 98641ce1cc..1b9cdf5eac 100644 --- a/isa/56/06.md +++ b/isa/56/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## who join themselves to Yahweh ## +# who join themselves to Yahweh -This refers to non-Hebrews who have joined Yahweh's people. +This refers to foreigners who have joined Yahweh's people. -## who love the name of Yahweh ## +# who love the name of Yahweh -AT: "who love Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh's "name" represents himself. AT: "who love Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## holy mountain ## +# holy mountain -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:8](../11/08.md). +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:9](../11/08.md). -## will be accepted on my altar ## +# will be accepted on my altar -AT: "I will accept on my altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will accept on my altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## my house will be called a house of prayer ## +# my house will be called a house of prayer -AT: "my house will be a house of prayer" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my house will be a house of prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/56/08.md b/isa/56/08.md index 23db485e07..a2c8cb09b6 100644 --- a/isa/56/08.md +++ b/isa/56/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## declaration of Lord Yahweh ## +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, who gathers the outcasts of Israel -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:21](../14/21.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh, who gathers the outcasts of Israel, has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, who gather the outcasts of Israel, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/56/09.md b/isa/56/09.md index d19817acf4..db9dbef1de 100644 --- a/isa/56/09.md +++ b/isa/56/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## All you wild beasts of the field, come and devour, all you beasts in the forest ## +# All you wild beasts of the field, come and devour, all you beasts in the forest -God is calling armies of other nations to come and attack the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God is calling armies of other nations by comparing them to animals to come and attack the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## All their watchmen are blind ## +# All their watchmen are blind This means Israel's leaders cannot or perhaps do not want to see what is going on in society. -## they are all dumb dogs ## +# They are all silent dogs -The leaders are supposed to open their mouths and warn the people, but they do not. Calling someone a dog in this society is a great insult. +The leaders are supposed to open their mouths and warn the people, but they do not. Comparing someone to a dog in this society is a great insult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## dreaming, lying down, loving to sleep ## +# They dream, and lying down they love to sleep -This means the leaders are not bringing God's word of warning to Israel. \ No newline at end of file +This means the leaders are not bringing God's word of warning to Israel but prefer their own comfort. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/56/11.md b/isa/56/11.md index 246cd3123c..ef4a98d2dc 100644 --- a/isa/56/11.md +++ b/isa/56/11.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues describing Israel's bad leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues describing the evil leaders of his people. + +# The dogs have big appetites + +Yahweh continues comparing Israel's bad leaders to dogs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/56/intro.md b/isa/56/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c4a62f896b --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/56/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 56 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Gentiles ##### +Many scholars believe this chapter prophesies that Gentiles will be able to come to a saving faith in Yahweh. At this time, the Israelites believed that only an Israelite could be saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Beasts ##### +The Israelites are compared to beasts and dogs in this chapter. This would have been very offensive to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 56:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../55/intro.md) | [>>](../57/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/01.md b/isa/57/01.md index d506c4e54f..3bf3430d6c 100644 --- a/isa/57/01.md +++ b/isa/57/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## the people of covenant faithfulness ## +# the people of covenant faithfulness -"the people who are just and keep God's law" or "the people who are loyal to God" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." See how you translated "covenant faithfulness" in [Isaiah 16:5](../16/05.md). AT: "the people who are faithful to the covenant" or "the people who are faithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## are gathered away…rest in their bed ## +# are gathered away ... rest in their beds Both of these refer to dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## that the righteous is gathered away from the evil ## +# that the righteous is gathered away from the evil -AT: "that the righteous people die, and Yahweh takes them away from all that is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the righteous people die, and Yahweh takes them away from all that is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## He enters into peace ## +# He enters into peace "The righteous enter into peace" -## those who walk in their uprightness ## +# those who walk in their uprightness -AT: "those who have done what is right" \ No newline at end of file +"those who have done what is right" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/03.md b/isa/57/03.md index c60eae9e68..6a39c533d4 100644 --- a/isa/57/03.md +++ b/isa/57/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## But draw near ## +# But come here -God is calling all of the unfaithful people to him so he can judge them. +God is calling all of the unfaithful people to come before him so he can judge them in a strong contrast to the promises for the righteous that came before. -## sons of the sorceress ## +# sons of the sorceress -Here, calling them people who practice sorcery is a way of saying that the people of Judah are idolaters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a strong insult against the people who practice sorcery because sorcery and magic includes idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## children of the adulterer and the woman who has prostituted herself ## +# children of the adulterer and the woman who has prostituted herself -This refers mainly to //spiritual // adultery. They have abandoned the worship of God and now worship other gods and idols. And yet, prostitution //was// involved in pagan Canaanite ceremonies. +This refers to actual and spiritual adultery. They have abandoned the worship of God and now worship other gods and idols along with actual prostitution in pagan Canaanite ceremonies. -## Whom are you merrily mocking? Against whom are you opening the mouth and sticking out the tongue? ## +# Whom are you merrily mocking? Against whom are you opening the mouth and sticking out the tongue? Yahweh uses questions to scold the people who are mocking him through false worship. AT: "You are mocking me and making fun of me by opening your mouth wide and sticking out the tongue!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Are you not children of rebellion, children of deceit? ## +# Are you not children of rebellion, children of deceit? -Yahweh uses another question to scold the people. This does not refer to their birth but to their spiritual state. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses another question to scold the people. This does not refer to their birth but to their spiritual state. AT: "You are children of rebellion, children of deceit!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/05.md b/isa/57/05.md index ea5754d94c..15a872fc63 100644 --- a/isa/57/05.md +++ b/isa/57/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -## You heat yourselves…under the rocky overhangs ## +# You heat yourselves ... under the rocky overhangs All of these actions are associated with worshiping idols. The oaks were sacred trees to the Canaanites. People thought such activity would increase fertility for people and the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/06.md b/isa/57/06.md index bc3ff89542..23d47f641f 100644 --- a/isa/57/06.md +++ b/isa/57/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -## that have been assigned to you ## +# that have been assigned to you -AT: "that is your lot" or "that is your inheritance" The exact meaning in Hebrew is unclear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. The exact meaning in Hebrew is unclear. AT: "that is your lot" or "that is your inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## In these things should I take pleasure? ## +# In these things should I take pleasure? -Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. AT: "Certainly, these things do not please me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. AT: "Certainly, these things do not please me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/07.md b/isa/57/07.md index 34c3029efb..b22dd51f7b 100644 --- a/isa/57/07.md +++ b/isa/57/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -## on a high mountain ## +# You prepared your bed + +This refers to sleeping with prostitutes as a part of worshiping false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# on a high mountain People often went on top of hills and mountains to worship false gods. They thought those were the best places for worship. This might even refer to Jerusalem, too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## you prepared your bed ## +# You made a covenant with them -This refers to having sex with prostitutes as a part of worshiping false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) - -## You made a covenant with them ## - -AT: "You made a contract with them" or "You bribed them" - -## made yourselves naked, and went up; you made your bed wide. You made a covenant with them; you loved their beds; you saw their private parts ## - -This refers to the Israelites joining with those who worship false gods. This also included participating in sexual immorality. \ No newline at end of file +"You made a contract with them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/09.md b/isa/57/09.md index d7208a68e7..ecb1a5cd7b 100644 --- a/isa/57/09.md +++ b/isa/57/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -## you went down to Sheol ## +# you went down to Sheol -The people did not literally go to Sheol. Yahweh is exaggerating slightly to emphasize how far they were willing to travel to find new gods to worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +The people did not literally go to Sheol, the world of the dead. Instead, Yahweh is indicating by exaggeration that the people were willing to go anywhere to find new gods to worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## therefore you did not weaken ## +# You found life in your hand -This means they continued seeking for other gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +After trying so hard, the idolators found they still had strength to keep going. Here "hand" equals "strength" or "capacity." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/11.md b/isa/57/11.md index db2ff5e964..6092250201 100644 --- a/isa/57/11.md +++ b/isa/57/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -## Whom are you worried about and afraid of, that you acted so deceitfully? ## +# Whom are you worried about? Whom do you fear so much that has caused you to act so deceitfully ... about me? -Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. AT: "You must really fear these idols for you to act so deceitfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses these questions to scold the people. AT: "You must really fear these idols for you to act so deceitfully ... about me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## call me to mind ## +# so much that you would not remember me or think about me -"pay attention to me" or "remember me" +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that, although the people should have remembered Yahweh, they did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## I was not long silent, was I? ## +# I will proclaim all your righteous acts and tell all that you have done -Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. AT: "I waited a long time before I punished you for your sins" - -## I will proclaim your 'righteousness' ## - -Here Yahweh is being sarcastic, calling their evil deeds so-called righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is being sarcastic, calling their evil deeds so-called righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/13.md b/isa/57/13.md index e34e928af0..41af17f9e3 100644 --- a/isa/57/13.md +++ b/isa/57/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel. -## let your collection of idols rescue you ## +# let your collection of idols rescue you Yahweh is mocking the people and their idols. He tells the idols to save the people though he knows they cannot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## Instead the wind will carry them all away, a breath will carry them all away. ## +# the wind will carry them all away, a breath will carry them all away -This is saying the same thing in two ways for emphasis. It means the idols are helpless and worthless. AT: "Instead the wind or even a breath will blow them away." This might refer to the breath of God's spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This is saying the same thing in two ways to emphasize that idols are helpless and worthless. AT: "the wind, or even a breath, will blow them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## holy mountain ## +# holy mountain -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:8](../11/08.md). \ No newline at end of file +The "holy mountain" is Mount Zion, in Jerusalem. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:9](../11/08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/14.md b/isa/57/14.md index 36a25f3463..3402ed703c 100644 --- a/isa/57/14.md +++ b/isa/57/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Build, build! Clear a way! Remove all the stumbling blocks from the path of my people ## +# Build, build! Clear a way! Remove all the stumbling blocks from the path of my people -Yahweh is emphatic and urgent that a clear and level road be available for the people to return to him. Basically he is referring to their lives being rid of idols. This echoes Isaiah 40:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh is emphatic and urgent that a clear and level road be available for the people to return to him and free of obstacles to worshiping Yahweh. This echoes [Isaiah 40:3](../40/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For this is what the high and lofty One says, who lives eternally, whose name is holy ## +# For this is what the high and elevated One says -See the way you translated something similar in 6:1, 33:10, and 52:13. +The words "high" and "elevated" have basically the same meaning here and emphasize Yahweh being exalted. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 6:1](../06/01.md) and [Isaiah 33:10](../33/10.md). See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 52:13](../52/13.md). -## to revive the spirit of the humble ones, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones ## +# to revive the spirit of the humble ones, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones -This is saying the same thing in two ways for emphasis. Yahweh will greatly encourage the humble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will strengthen and encourage those who humble themselves before him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## spirit…heart ## +# spirit ... heart Here these refer to a person's thoughts and emotions, not the spirit and heart literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/16.md b/isa/57/16.md index 034e61b73c..47d3a5ec46 100644 --- a/isa/57/16.md +++ b/isa/57/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## I hid my face ## +# I hid my face This means God gave up on his people and no longer helped or blessed them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he went backward in the way of his heart. ## +# he went backward in the way of his heart -This means the Israelites kept rejecting the true God for false ones. \ No newline at end of file +This means the Israelites kept rejecting the true God for false ones. Here "backward" and "way" are location words representing motivations and feelings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/18.md b/isa/57/18.md index b7c2b7986b..87a25c1ece 100644 --- a/isa/57/18.md +++ b/isa/57/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## his ways ## +# his ways -Here "his" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "their ways" +"their ways." Here "his" refers to the people of Israel. -## comfort and console those who mourn for him ## +# comfort and console those who mourn for him -"I will soothe and calm those who feel sad for the people's sinful behavior" +"I will soothe and calm those who feel sad for the people's suffering because of their sinful behavior" -## and I create the fruit of the lips ## +# I create the fruit of the lips -AT: "I cause them to praise and thank me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "fruit of the lips" refers to what a person says. AT: "I cause them to praise and thank me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Peace, peace to those who are far off ## +# Peace, peace, to those who are far off -The word "peace" is repeated for emphasis. AT: "I have made peace with them" \ No newline at end of file +"I have made peace with them who are far off." The word "Peace" is repeated for emphasis. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/20.md b/isa/57/20.md index f302ac862c..040e458b88 100644 --- a/isa/57/20.md +++ b/isa/57/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## But the wicked are like the tossing sea…mire and mud ## +# But the wicked are like the tossing sea ... mire and mud -This emphasizes that there is no peace for the wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This compares the wicked to rough water on the shore that makes the water dirty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/57/intro.md b/isa/57/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..45e20378ee --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/57/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 57 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Child sacrifice ##### +This chapter references the killing of children. Some religions in the ancient Near East practiced the sacrificing of their children. This was considered evil by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Mocking ##### +The people abandoned the worship of Yahweh in favor of other gods. When they needed help, he tells them to ask these false gods. This is mocking the power of the false gods and shows the people the uselessness of their worship of these gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 57:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../56/intro.md) | [>>](../58/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/01.md b/isa/58/01.md index 3c00c6e82d..d8281753c6 100644 --- a/isa/58/01.md +++ b/isa/58/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## lift up your voice like a trumpet ## +# Lift up your voice like a trumpet This means shout loudly. Here "your" refers to Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## confront my people with their rebellion, and the house of Jacob with their sins ## +# Confront my people with their rebellion, and the house of Jacob with their sins -This is saying the same thing in two ways for emphasis. Here "my" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they strengthen the urgency to confront Yahweh's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/03.md b/isa/58/03.md index 8acdff6b60..b71d250a02 100644 --- a/isa/58/03.md +++ b/isa/58/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Why have we fasted," they say, "but you do not see it? Why have we humbled ourselves, but you do not notice? ## +# 'Why have we fasted,' they say, 'but you do not see it? Why have we humbled ourselves, but you do not notice?' The people of Israel use questions to complain to God because they feel he is ignoring them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/04.md b/isa/58/04.md index fbc85cf7dd..a5898e7e34 100644 --- a/isa/58/04.md +++ b/isa/58/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## fist of wickedness ## +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel by answering their challenging question. -"wicked fist." This shows to what point they fight--viciously. It is possible that going without food leads them to being irritable to the point of violence. +# Look -## Is this really the kind of fast that I would want ## +"Behold!" or "Pay attention." Yahweh confronts their questioning by telling them to pay attention. -Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. They act like they are humble before God, but they are hurting other people. AT: "This is not the kind of fast I want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# fist of wickedness -## A day for every man to humble himself, for him to bow down his head like a reed ## +"wicked fist." This shows that they fight viciously. "Fist" represents anger that is physically violent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This means the person is bowing down, but he is not truly humble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# Is this really the kind of fast that I would want ... under himself? -## Do you really call this a fast, a day that pleases Yahweh? ## +Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. They act like they are humble before God, but they are hurting other people. AT: "This is not the kind of fast I want ... under himself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. AT: "Surely you do not think this kind of fast pleases me" \ No newline at end of file +# A day for anybody to humble himself, for him to bow down his head like a reed + +This means the person is bowing down, but he is not truly humble. "A reed" represents a weak plant that bends easily. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Do you really call this a fast, a day that pleases Yahweh? + +Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. AT: "Surely you do not think this kind of fast pleases me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/06.md b/isa/58/06.md index 3171f03db6..f0294b941e 100644 --- a/isa/58/06.md +++ b/isa/58/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Is not this the fast that I choose ## +# Is not this the fast that I choose ... break every yoke? -Yahweh uses a question to teach the people about the kind of fast that pleases him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to teach the people about the kind of fast that pleases him. AT: "This is the fast that I choose ... break every yoke." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## to release wicked bonds, to undo the ropes of the yoke, to set the crushed ones free, and to break every yoke? ## +# To release wicked bonds, to undo the ropes of the yoke, to set the crushed ones free, and to break every yoke -All of these phrases mean they should help those people that the wicked are hurting and oppressing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +All of these phrases mean they should help those people whom the wicked are hurting and oppressing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Is it not to ## +# Is it not to ... your house? -Yahweh uses another question to teach the people. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses another question to teach the people. AT: "It is to ... your house." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# break your bread + +This phrase represents starting the meal by the host tearing the loaf of bread apart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/08.md b/isa/58/08.md index 2da7f8b56c..69dbae055e 100644 --- a/isa/58/08.md +++ b/isa/58/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Then your light would be broken open like the sunrise ## +# Then your light would be broken open like the sunrise -This means that if they help people in need, their deeds will be like lights others will see, as when the sun comes up after a dark night. Or the light may refer to the light of the Lord, shining on them and blessing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Break open" is an idiom that means when a light begins to shine brightly. This means that if they help people in need, their deeds will be like lights others will see, as when the sun comes up after a dark night. Or the light may refer to the light of the Lord, shining on them and blessing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and your healing would quickly sprout up ## +# your healing would quickly sprout up -This means God will bless and restore them quickly, as a wound heals quickly. +This means God will bless and restore them quickly, as a wound heals quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your righteousness would go before you, and the glory of Yahweh would be your rearguard ## +# your righteousness would go before you, and the glory of Yahweh would be your rearguard -This refers to the time when God protected the people of Israel as they escaped from Egypt. This means God will again protect them from their enemies if they will do what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the time when God protected the people of Israel as they escaped from Egypt. This means God will again protect them from their enemies if they will do what is right. + +# your righteousness + +This expression in Hebrew can also be interpreted as the one who gives righteousness or even victory. In this context, this expression would refer to God. A few modern versions have this interpretation. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/09.md b/isa/58/09.md index c3991bc8e7..8191ee5531 100644 --- a/isa/58/09.md +++ b/isa/58/09.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## then your light will rise in the darkness, and your darkness will be like the noonday ## +# then your light will rise in the darkness, and your darkness will be like the noonday -This means their acts of kindness will be examples of light in the community, and the "darkness," the bad deeds, will be overcome by the light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Your light" represents the acts of kindness that will be examples to everyone, and the "darkness," the bad deeds, will be overcome by their good deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/11.md b/isa/58/11.md index f8b08f581a..6f852c747a 100644 --- a/isa/58/11.md +++ b/isa/58/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## satisfy the dry region of your soul ## +# satisfy you in regions where there is no water -AT: "satisfy you like a rain falling in the desert" or "satisfy you even in the driest desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Water" represents all they need for an abundant life even when their surroundings do not have enough. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You will be like a watered garden, and like a spring of water, whose waters never fail ## +# You will be like a watered garden -This means they will have all they need for an abundant life. Judah was a dry land, and water was essential to life. Also, it may recall the garden of Eden . (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +"A watered garden" represents abundance and plenty so they will have all they need. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like a spring of water, whose waters never fail + +"A spring of water" represents a source of abundance in a land where water is precious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/12.md b/isa/58/12.md index b9e851b0ce..e2eb68b3a7 100644 --- a/isa/58/12.md +++ b/isa/58/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## you will be called ## +# you will be called -AT: "People will call you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will call you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/13.md b/isa/58/13.md index d988243b08..1ab6f44fdc 100644 --- a/isa/58/13.md +++ b/isa/58/13.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## turn back your feet from traveling on the Sabbath day, and from doing your own pleasure on my holy day ## +# you turn back your feet from traveling on the Sabbath day, and from doing your own pleasure on my holy day -AT: "If you traveling and doing what you want to do on the Sabbath, my holy day." Here "feet" refers to the kinds of work and traveling that the people did on all other days. God did not allow work on the Sabbath day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the people are represented by their "feet." God did not allow long travels or work on the day of rest. AT: "you stop traveling and doing what you want to do on the Sabbath, my holy day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/14.md b/isa/58/14.md index d3e64a3b32..f759cc59e2 100644 --- a/isa/58/14.md +++ b/isa/58/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## and I will make you ride on the high places of the earth ## +# I will make you ride on the heights of the earth -This recalls Deuteronomy 32.13 and means that God will wonderfully care for and protect them as he did their ancestors. It might mean, too, that their name would be known widely and that they would overcome and be victorious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to God exalting the nation in reputation and power in response to living righteously. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken ## +# for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken -AT: "for Yahweh has spoken it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "mouth" symbolizes what Yahweh says. AT: "for Yahweh has spoken it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/58/intro.md b/isa/58/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5d0033e074 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/58/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Isaiah 58 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fasting ##### +The practice of fasting became more common after the exile. This was intended to bring people into a right relationship with God by creating a designated time to concentrate on him. It may have been believed that Yahweh heard people better when they fasted. The significance of fasting is derived from the faster's attitude of repentance and faith in Yahweh and not the practice itself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Yet they seek me daily" ##### +The people did not truly seek Yahweh every day. They practiced the outward aspects of the Jewish religion, but their hearts were far from Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 58:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../57/intro.md) | [>>](../59/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/01.md b/isa/59/01.md index 86d56e20e8..149211ba7b 100644 --- a/isa/59/01.md +++ b/isa/59/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## your...you ## +# Look -These pronouns refer to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Behold!" "You should know!" Yahweh tells the people to pay attention. + +# Yahweh's hand is not so short + +"Hand" represents power and ability. A "short" hand does not have power and ability. AT: "Yahweh is fully able" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your ... you + +These plural pronouns refer to the people of Israel as a single group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# your sins have made him hide his face from you + +"Face" represents being present and looking upon. AT: "your sins have made him turn away from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/03.md b/isa/59/03.md index 2e459add26..7e8c8355fc 100644 --- a/isa/59/03.md +++ b/isa/59/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## For your hands are stained with blood and your fingers with sin ## +# For your hands are stained with blood and your fingers with sin -Here "hands" and "fingers" refers to their actions. This means they are guilty of doing violent and sinful things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "hands" and "fingers" refers to their actions. This means they are guilty of doing violent and sinful things. "Your" is plural. AT: "For you have committed violent sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## they conceive trouble and give birth to sin ## +# Your lips speak lies and your tongue speaks maliciously -This emphasizes how carefully they plan to do sinful things. Here "they" still refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The parts of the body that make speech represent what people say. AT: "You speak lies and malicious things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they conceive trouble and give birth to sin + +"Conceiving" and "giving birth" emphasize how carefully they plan to do sinful things. Here "they" still refers to the people of Israel. AT: "they work hard to do sinful things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/05.md b/isa/59/05.md index 1d0c148f01..dde1d9a464 100644 --- a/isa/59/05.md +++ b/isa/59/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## They hatch eggs of a poisonous snake…weave a spider's web ## +Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel about the evil they do using the metaphors of poisonous snakes and spider's webs. -The people of Judah were so wicked that they made plans to endanger and harm others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# They hatch eggs of a poisonous snake -## Whoever eats of their eggs dies, and if an egg is crushed, it hatches into a poisonous snake ## +Eggs of a poisonous snake hatch into more dangerous snakes. "Poisonous snakes" represents evil the people do that harms more and more. AT: "They make evil that spreads out to make more evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This means the wicked people's sins will always harm other people. +# weave a spider's web -## if an egg is crushed ## +This represents the deeds of the people that are useless. AT: "produce things and activities that are useless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "if someone crushes an egg" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Whoever eats of their eggs dies, and if an egg is crushed, it hatches into a poisonous snake -## Their webs cannot be used for garments, nor can they cover themselves with their works ## +Eating a poisonous egg will kill the one that eats it and represents self-destruction. Breaking the egg allows the young poisonous snake to hatch and represents spreading destruction. AT: "The activities they do will destroy them and will spread destruction to others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This means their sinful deeds cannot be covered and hidden, just as a web cannot serve as as clothing and cover someone. Their evil deeds will be exposed. +# if an egg is crushed -## Their webs cannot be used for garments ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if someone crushes an egg" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "They cannot clothe themselves with their webs" \ No newline at end of file +# Their webs cannot be used for garments, nor can they cover themselves with their works + +This means their sinful deeds cannot be covered and hidden, just as a web cannot serve as clothing and cover someone. AT: "Their evil deeds will be exposed as useless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Their webs cannot be used for garments + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They cannot clothe themselves with their webs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# deeds of violence are in their hands + +"Hands" represents the ability and power to do these things and therefore their responsibility. AT: "they are fully responsible for the violence they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/07.md b/isa/59/07.md index c7121280f6..ff331a5809 100644 --- a/isa/59/07.md +++ b/isa/59/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Their feet run to evil ## +# Their feet run to evil -This means the wicked people are quick to do evil things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here people are represented by their "feet." This speaks of them doing something quickly as their feet running to it. AT: "They are quick to do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## are their roads ## +# are their roads -AT: "is all they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"roads" represents their way of life. AT: "are all they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## there is no justice in their paths ## +# there is no justice in their paths -AT: "they never do what is just" or "everything they do is unjust" +"paths" represents their way of life. AT: "they never do what is just" or "everything they do is unjust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They have made crooked paths ## +# They have made crooked paths -This refers to people who say and do dishonest things. They are devious. \ No newline at end of file +"Crooked paths" represents the way of life that is corrupt. AT: "They say and do dishonest things. They are devious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/09.md b/isa/59/09.md index 249e2e7f02..931c03ce0b 100644 --- a/isa/59/09.md +++ b/isa/59/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## far from us ## +# justice is far from us -Here "us" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here "us" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. "Far" represents that justice is gone and difficult to get. AT: "justice is gone and very difficult to get" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## We wait for light, but see darkness; we look for brightness, but we walk in darkness ## +# We wait for light, but see darkness; we look for brightness, but we walk in darkness -Both of these mean basically the same thing. This means the people are waiting for God's goodness, but it seems like he has abandoned them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Each of these phrases means that the people are waiting for God's goodness, but it seems like he has abandoned them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## We grope for the wall like the blind…like dead men ## +# We grope for the wall like the blind ... like dead men This means that because God is not coming to them, they feel helpless, not finding the right path and despairing of the future, with no hope for a vibrant life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/11.md b/isa/59/11.md index e0b325c9f5..45e46ee061 100644 --- a/isa/59/11.md +++ b/isa/59/11.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## We growl like bears and moan like doves ## +# We growl like bears and moan like doves These refer to the sounds the people made because they were distressed and mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/12.md b/isa/59/12.md index 755571e77b..2dbe0c7f34 100644 --- a/isa/59/12.md +++ b/isa/59/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking. -## our many transgressions ## +# our many transgressions Here "our" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## before you ## +# before you Here "you" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## our sins testify against us ## +# our sins testify against us Isaiah describes the sins as a person who goes before God to declare that the people are guilty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## for our transgressions are with us ## +# for our transgressions are with us -"for we are aware of our transgressions" \ No newline at end of file +"With us" represents being aware of them. AT: "for we are aware of our transgressions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/14.md b/isa/59/14.md index e9b92203e6..3dbc5f9738 100644 --- a/isa/59/14.md +++ b/isa/59/14.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking. -## truth stumbles ## +# Justice is driven back -Isaiah describes "truth" as a person who falls down. This means the people fail to speak the truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people drive justice back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Justice ... righteousness ... truth ... right ... Trustworthiness + +These are ideas that Isaiah describes as acting like persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/16.md b/isa/59/16.md index d0384af7be..2a07d1f227 100644 --- a/isa/59/16.md +++ b/isa/59/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking. -## He saw that there was no man, and wondered that there was no one to intervene ## +# He saw that there was no man, and wondered that there was no one to intervene. -AT: “Yahweh was appaled that no one came to help those who were suffering” or “Yahweh was astonished that no one came to help those who were suffering” +"Yahweh was appalled that no one came to help those who were suffering." or "Yahweh was astonished that no one came to help those who were suffering." -## Therefore his own arm brought salvation for him ## +# Therefore his own arm brought salvation for him -"Arm" is a metaphor for "power." AT: "Yahweh used his own power to save the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh's "arm" represents his ability and power. AT: "Yahweh used his own power to save the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and his righteousness sustained him ## +# his righteousness sustained him -God's nature is to always do what is just and right. AT: "and he did right as he always would do" \ No newline at end of file +"Righteousness" is a quality that acts like a person. The word can be translated as an adjective. AT: "he did right as he always would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/17.md b/isa/59/17.md index 1ec6ce2da8..1ef4212698 100644 --- a/isa/59/17.md +++ b/isa/59/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## He put on righteousness as a breastplate and a helmet of salvation upon his head. He clothed himself with garments of vengeance and wore zeal as a mantle ## +# He put on righteousness as a breastplate and a helmet of salvation upon his head. He clothed himself with garments of vengeance and wore zeal as a mantle -This shows God preparing to punish the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"breastplate," "helmet," "garments," and "mantle" are clothing for war and fighting. Isaiah describes Yahweh as putting these on to punish his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## mantle ## +# mantle a loose, flowing robe -## He repaid them ## +# He repaid them Isaiah is describing a future event as if it happened in the past. This means that it will certainly happen. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/19.md b/isa/59/19.md index 0638747a19..2313716e2c 100644 --- a/isa/59/19.md +++ b/isa/59/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking. -## the name of Yahweh ## +# fear the name of Yahweh -Here "name" refers to Yahweh's reputation and character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "name" refers to Yahweh's reputation and character. AT: "fear Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## from the west…from the sun's rising ## +# from the west ... from the sun's rising Isaiah combines these words to mean people in all places of the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## for he will come as a rushing stream ## +# for he will come as a rushing stream Narrow valleys in Judah were dry most of the year until a sudden, heavy rain turned them into fast-moving water. When that happened there was a lot of noise and wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## driven by the breath of Yahweh ## +# driven by the breath of Yahweh -AT: "which the breath of Yahweh drives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which the breath of Yahweh drives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## declaration of Yahweh ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:21](../14/21.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/21.md b/isa/59/21.md index 5559a6d000..dc0cc16543 100644 --- a/isa/59/21.md +++ b/isa/59/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## my words which I have put in your mouth ## +# my words which I have put in your mouth -AT: "the message I have given you to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the message I have given you to speak" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/59/intro.md b/isa/59/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9fd8f49db2 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/59/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 59 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's deliverance ##### +When Israel was conquered, they were being punished for their sin. Yahweh is strong enough to deliver them, but he did not because he desired to refine them through the experience of the exile. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 59:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../58/intro.md) | [>>](../60/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/01.md b/isa/60/01.md index cb95f09d3a..8909ddb53a 100644 --- a/isa/60/01.md +++ b/isa/60/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Arise, shine, for your light has come, and the glory of Yahwah has risen on you ## +# Arise, shine; for your light has come, and the glory of Yahweh has risen on you This refers to the glorious things Yahweh has done for the inhabitants of Jerusalem. They are now to show that glory through what they do and say and have hope in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/02.md b/isa/60/02.md index 9b95a4943a..d3ee4dc17b 100644 --- a/isa/60/02.md +++ b/isa/60/02.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Isaiah is speaking to the people of Israel. He continues the metaphor about "light" and "dark." (See: [Isaiah 60:1](./01.md)) +# General Information: -## Though darkness will cover the earth, and thick darkness the nations ## +Isaiah is speaking to the people of Israel. He continues the metaphor about "light." (See: [Isaiah 60:1](./01.md)) + +# Though darkness will cover the earth, and thick darkness the nations Both of these phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. They refer to "spiritual darkness." This means all the other people of the world will not know Yahweh or how to please him. This is a metaphor for divine judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## yet Yahweh will arise upon you ## +# yet Yahweh will arise upon you -This means the people of Israel will have the light of God's presence, and it will light their way. +This means the light of God's presence will appear for the people of Israel, and it will show the way they should go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and his glory will be seen on you ## +# his glory will be seen on you -AT: "and the people of the nations will see his glory on you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people of the nations will see his glory on you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/04.md b/isa/60/04.md index 1a52aff76f..441011f4f5 100644 --- a/isa/60/04.md +++ b/isa/60/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## They all gather themselves ## +Here Yahweh begins speaking. -"They" refers to the rest of the people of Israel returning to Jerusalem. +# They all gather themselves -## your daughters will be carried in their arms ## +"They" refers to the rest of the people of Israel who will come together to return to Jerusalem. -AT: "You will be brought back like daughters being carried on the hip" or "they will carry your daughters on the hip" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# your daughters will be carried in their arms -## Then you will look and be radiant, and your heart shall rejoice and overflow ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will carry your daughters in their arms" or "they will carry your daughters on their hips" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This is saying the same thing in two different ways and emphasizes that they will be very happy at what will happen in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# Then you will look and be radiant, and your heart shall rejoice and overflow -## the abundance of the sea ## +These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that they will be very happy because of what will happen in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This refers to the riches and goods that will come to Jerusalem via ships, perhaps from along the Mediterranean Sea. \ No newline at end of file +# the abundance of the sea + +This refers to the riches and goods that will come to Jerusalem by way of shipping, perhaps from along the Mediterranean Sea. + +# be poured out to you + +This describes that the abundance will be like water that gushes out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/06.md b/isa/60/06.md index 2bf7c691d1..60f483d2ab 100644 --- a/isa/60/06.md +++ b/isa/60/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## the dromedaries ## +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. + +# the dromedaries "the young camels" -## Ephah...Kedar...Nebaioth ## +# Ephah ... Kedar ... Nebaioth These are the names of areas in Arabia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## All the flocks of Kedar will be gathered together to you ## +# All the flocks of Kedar will be gathered together to you -AT: "The people of Kedar will gather their flocks for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Kedar will gather their flocks for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the rams of Nebaioth will serve your needs ## +# the rams of Nebaioth will serve your needs This refers to their need for sacrifices. -## they will be acceptable offerings on my altar ## +# they will be acceptable offerings on my altar -AT: "I, Yahweh, will accept them on my altar" \ No newline at end of file +"I, Yahweh, will accept them on my altar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/08.md b/isa/60/08.md index 30ad05195b..1813cb2e70 100644 --- a/isa/60/08.md +++ b/isa/60/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Who are these who fly along like a cloud, and like the doves to their shelters? ## +# Who are these who fly along like a cloud, and like the doves to their shelters? -Yahweh uses questions and poetic images to draw attention here. He compares the sails of the ships to clouds and doves. Doves are sometimes trained to return to the dovecotes (shelters) where they belong. This is a picture, too, of the Israelites returning to the country where they belong. AT: "Look, I see something like clouds moving quickly and like doves returning to their shelters." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh uses questions and poetic images to draw attention here. He compares the sails of the ships to clouds and doves. This is also a picture of the Israelites returning to the country where they belong. AT: "Look, I see something like clouds moving quickly and like doves returning to their shelters." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## The coastlands ## +# The coastlands -AT: "The people from the coastlands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the people who live on the coastlands and describes the area of coastlands as if it was people looking out. AT: "The people from the coastlands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Holy One of Israel ## +# the ships of Tarshish + +This expression usually means large merchant ships suitable for long voyages. + +# Holy One of Israel See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). -## he has honored you ## +# he has honored you "Yahweh has honored you, the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/10.md b/isa/60/10.md index b18d88daf2..1791069a9d 100644 --- a/isa/60/10.md +++ b/isa/60/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## they will not be shut day nor night ## +# they will not be shut day or night -AT: "no one will ever shut them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Here "day" and "night" together mean "all the time." This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will ever shut them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## so that the wealth of the nations may be brought, with their kings being led ## +# so that the wealth of the nations may be brought, with their kings being led -AT: "so that the people of the nations may bring their wealth, along with their kings" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the people of the nations may bring their wealth, along with their kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/12.md b/isa/60/12.md index 865a33b5a4..9a648d1e60 100644 --- a/isa/60/12.md +++ b/isa/60/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## those nations will be completely destroyed ## +# those nations will be completely destroyed -AT: "I will completely destroy the people of those nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will completely destroy the people of those nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The glory of Lebanon will come to you ## +# The glory of Lebanon -This refers to Lebanon being known for its beautiful trees, especially cypress and cedar. The exact identification of all the trees is not known. +This refers to Lebanon being famous for its beautiful trees, especially cypress and cedar. The exact identification of all the trees is not known. -## the place of my feet ## +# the place of my feet This refers to Yahweh's temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/14.md b/isa/60/14.md index aa07e90a58..3a66bc639d 100644 --- a/isa/60/14.md +++ b/isa/60/14.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Holy One of Israel ## +# Holy One of Israel See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/15.md b/isa/60/15.md index 0c793dbe91..e234ad65bc 100644 --- a/isa/60/15.md +++ b/isa/60/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## with no one passing through you ## +# with no one passing through you -AT: "with everyone ignoring your land" or "with all the foreigners ignoring your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +"with everyone avoiding your land" or "with all the foreigners avoiding your land" -## You will also drink the milk of the nations, and will nurse at the breast of kings ## +# You will also drink the milk of the nations, and will nurse at the breast of kings -This refers to the wealth that will be drained from foreign nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to the wealth and plenty that will be drained from foreign nations. Both clauses repeat the same idea for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Redeemer ## +# Redeemer See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md). -## the Mighty One of Jacob ## +# the Mighty One of Jacob See how you translated this in [Isaiah 49:26](../49/26.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/17.md b/isa/60/17.md index d10642772a..6d129e5d84 100644 --- a/isa/60/17.md +++ b/isa/60/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## instead of wood, bronze, and instead of stones, iron ## +# instead of wood, bronze, and instead of stones, iron -Yahweh will give them more valuable building materials to them now. AT: "instead of wood, I will bring bronze, and instead of stones, I will bring iron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +Yahweh will give more valuable building materials to them now. AT: "instead of wood, I will bring bronze, and instead of stones, I will bring iron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## I will appoint peace as your governors, and justice your rulers ## +# I will appoint peace as your governors, and justice your rulers Yahweh describes "peace" and "justice" as human rulers. This means there will be complete peace and justice in the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Violence will no longer be heard in your land ## +# Violence will no longer be heard in your land -AT: "There will no longer be violence in your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "There will no longer be reports of violence in your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## but you will call your walls Salvation, and your gates Praise ## +# but you will call your walls Salvation, and your gates Praise -This means the city of Jerusalem will be a safe place, and the people there will praise Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The physical objects have the names of spiritual qualities. The city of Jerusalem will be a safe place, and the people there will praise Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/19.md b/isa/60/19.md index 60564a7078..2c80279c42 100644 --- a/isa/60/19.md +++ b/isa/60/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Your sun will no longer set, nor will your moon withdraw and disappear ## +# for Yahweh will be your everlasting light -This is not to be understood literally. The sun and moon will not disappear. This is saying that in comparison to the light of Yahweh, they will be nothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both verses repeat this same idea for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Your sun will no longer set, nor will your moon withdraw and disappear + +The moon will not literally disappear. This exaggeration is saying that the light of the sun and the moon will be much less bright than the light of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/21.md b/isa/60/21.md index 98b1d0d20c..11d2901172 100644 --- a/isa/60/21.md +++ b/isa/60/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## that I may be glorified ## +# the branch of my planting, the work of my hands -AT: "so that you may glorify me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These phrases mean approximately the same and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the branch of my planting ## +# the branch of my planting -Yahweh is comparing the people to young shoots coming up, which he, as a gardener, planted. Yahweh has placed his people in the land of Israel. This gives hope to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh is comparing the people to young shoots coming up that he planted as if he was a gardener. Yahweh has placed his people in the land of Israel. This gives hope to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a thousand ## +# the work of my hands + +Yahweh compares the people of Israel to something made by the skill of his handicraft. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that I may be glorified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that all people may glorify me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a thousand "1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/60/intro.md b/isa/60/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4b71f5c97e --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/60/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 60 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel's restoration ##### +This chapter pictures a time when Israel will be fully restored to Yahweh. They will be everything Yahweh intended them to be. All the nations will look to Israel and acknowledge her special relationship to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 60:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../59/intro.md) | [>>](../61/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/61/01.md b/isa/61/01.md index 79fe039f96..fafbb30964 100644 --- a/isa/61/01.md +++ b/isa/61/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## is on me ## +# The Spirit of the Lord Yahweh is on me -Here "me" refers to Isaiah the prophet. \ No newline at end of file +"Spirit" here is the Holy Spirit of Yahweh who compels or motivates the person. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:2](../11/01.md) or in [Isaiah 42:1](../42/01.md). + +# the afflicted + +This refers to poor people, those in great sorrow, or oppressed people who have problems they cannot overcome by themselves. + +# liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison for those who are bound + +These two phrases mean the same thing. They state that God will certainly give freedom to captives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/61/02.md b/isa/61/02.md index 3fdddd9991..6bfb25446e 100644 --- a/isa/61/02.md +++ b/isa/61/02.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking. -## year of Yahweh's favor ## +# the year of Yahweh's favor, the day of vengeance -"time when Yahweh will act kindly toward his people" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these phrases refer to the same span of time. "Year" and "day" are both specific examples that represent the greater whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# year of Yahweh's favor + +"time when Yahweh will act kindly toward his people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/61/03.md b/isa/61/03.md index fc409d468e..0cf852aa20 100644 --- a/isa/61/03.md +++ b/isa/61/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking. -## turban ## +# to give ... to give -a long piece of cloth that is wrapped around the head +Isaiah repeats this for emphasis. -## oil of joy…a mantle of praise ## +# a turban + +"a headdress" or "a beautiful head covering." This is a long piece of cloth that is wrapped around the head. + +# oil of joy ... a mantle of praise People put oil on themselves and dressed in beautiful, long robes during times of celebration and joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in place of a spirit of dullness ## +# in place of a spirit of dullness -"in place of sadness" +"in place of sadness" or "in place of mourning" -## oaks of righteousness, the planting of Yahweh ## +# oaks of righteousness, the planting of Yahweh -This means Yahweh has caused the people to be fine and sturdy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This means Yahweh has caused the people to be strong and sturdy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that he may be glorified ## +# that he may be glorified -AT: "so that the people's lives may glorify him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the people's lives may glorify him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/61/04.md b/isa/61/04.md index db50564b7a..9eae7895b2 100644 --- a/isa/61/04.md +++ b/isa/61/04.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -Isaiah continues speaking. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Isaiah continues speaking using parallelisms in each line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/61/06.md b/isa/61/06.md index ed4cf0bd4f..366498a62d 100644 --- a/isa/61/06.md +++ b/isa/61/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh's servant continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## You will be called ## +Yahweh's servant continues speaking to the people of Israel with each line a parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "People will call you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# You will be called -## you will have double ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will call you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will have double This probably refers to a double portion of land. -## they will rejoice over their share ## +# they will rejoice over their share ... they will ... their land ... will be theirs -This still refers to the people of Israel. AT: "you will rejoice over your share" \ No newline at end of file +This still refers to the people of Israel. This can be stated in second person. AT: "you will rejoice over your share ... you will ... your land ... will be yours" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/61/08.md b/isa/61/08.md index 7ab89e548d..d3004a4909 100644 --- a/isa/61/08.md +++ b/isa/61/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Their descendants will be known among the nations ## +# Their descendants will be known among the nations, and their offspring among the peoples -AT: "People from other nations will know their descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two clauses mean the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People from other nations will know their descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their offspring among the peoples + +This clause assumes the same verb as the previous one. AT: "their offspring will be known among the peoples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/61/10.md b/isa/61/10.md index f2763de8f9..122bfbafe8 100644 --- a/isa/61/10.md +++ b/isa/61/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## I will greatly rejoice ## +# I will greatly rejoice in Yahweh -Possible meanings are 1) "I" refers to the people of God speaking as one person, or 2) "I" refers to on of the people who mourned. +"I" refers to the people of God speaking as one person whom Yahweh has restored. -## my soul will exult in my God ## +# clothed me with the garments of salvation; he has clothed me with the robe of righteousness -AT: This points to the close relationship of the person with God. "I will be very happy because of my God" or "I will delight in my God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The people of God speaking as one person now have salvation and righteousness as their distinct appearance visible to all. "Garments" and "robe" are clothing that everyone can see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## as a bridegroom adorns himself with a turban, and as a bride adorns herself with her jewels ## +# as a bridegroom adorns himself with a turban, and as a bride adorns herself with her jewels -This emphasizes that the speaker is extremely happy, joyful, celebrating. The turban reminds one of the headdress of the priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This comparison emphasizes that the speaker is extremely happy, joyful, celebrating. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## turban ## +# turban See how you translated this in [Isaiah 61:3](./03.md). -## For as the earth puts forth its sprouting plants, and as the garden makes its planting grow ## +# For as the earth produces its sprouting plants, and as the garden makes its planting grow -This is saying the same thing in two ways for emphasis and to show that whatever God says he will do is certainly going to happen, just as seeds always sprout. It can be translated as, "Just as seeds sown in a garden sprout from the soil and grow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is saying the same thing in two ways. The fact that whatever God says he will do is certainly going to happen is compared to the fact that seeds sprout after planting. AT: "Just as seeds sown in a garden sprout from the soil and grow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# righteousness and praise to sprout up + +This expression describes these virtues as growing from seed like plants do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/61/intro.md b/isa/61/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9145b59f89 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/61/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Isaiah 61 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +The first part of this chapter is probably a prophecy about the coming Messiah and not Isaiah because this was different than the message Isaiah delivered. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Restoration ##### +This chapter prophesies concerning a future time of peace and restoration. It is unlikely to have been fulfilled in Isaiah's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 61:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../60/intro.md) | [>>](../62/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/62/01.md b/isa/62/01.md index 835fad65e8..2d975d88e5 100644 --- a/isa/62/01.md +++ b/isa/62/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I will not be silent ## +# For Zion's sake I will not be silent, and for Jerusalem's sake I will not be quiet + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Here "Zion" and "Jerusalem" both represent the people who live in Jerusalem. AT: "For the sake of the people of Jerusalem I will not be silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not be silent It is most likely that "I" refers to Isaiah. -## until her righteousness proceeds brightly, and her salvation as a burning torch ## +# until her righteousness proceeds brightly, and her salvation as a burning torch -This reassures the people that God will eventually come and save the people of Israel and that it will be as apparent as light is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both clauses reassure the people that God will eventually come and save the people of Israel and that it will be as apparent as light is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/62/03.md b/isa/62/03.md index 2a77a012ef..b0628dab28 100644 --- a/isa/62/03.md +++ b/isa/62/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## You will also be a crown of beauty in the hand of Yahweh, and a turban of kingship in the hand of your God ## +# You will also be a crown of beauty in the hand of Yahweh, and a turban of kingship in the hand of your God -These mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. They are indications that Jerusalem will become a royal city under the authority (hand) of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. They say that Jerusalem will become a royal city under the power and authority of God. Yahweh's hand is a metonym for his power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## It will no more be said of you ## +# It will no more ... will it be said, "Desolate." -AT: "People will no longer call you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These mean the same thing are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## and your land will be married ## +# It will no more be said of you -This means Yahweh will love the people of Israel and will always be with them as a husband is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will no longer say about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# nor of your land any longer will it be said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nor will people any longer say about your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your land will be married + +This means Yahweh will love the people of Israel and will always be with them as is a husband. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/62/05.md b/isa/62/05.md index 7384df339c..a81c99b353 100644 --- a/isa/62/05.md +++ b/isa/62/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## As a young man marries a young woman, so your sons will marry you ## +# as a young man marries a young woman, so your sons will marry you Here "sons" refers to the people of Israel and "you" refers to Judah, the land of Israel. This means the people will take possession of the land as a man takes possession of his young wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## As a bridegroom rejoices over his bride, your God will rejoice over you ## +# as a bridegroom rejoices over his bride, your God will rejoice over you -This emphasizes God's happiness about his relationship with his people. \ No newline at end of file +This emphasizes God's happiness about his relationship with his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/62/06.md b/isa/62/06.md index 655d1e129c..b03c4cb202 100644 --- a/isa/62/06.md +++ b/isa/62/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## I have put ## +# I have put Here "I" may refer to Isaiah or to Yahweh. -## watchmen on your walls ## +# watchmen on your walls -This refers to prophets, officials, or possibly angels, who are constantly praying for the people of Jerusalem like watchmen who constantly guard the city. See what you used for "watchmen" in 52:8 and 56:10. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to prophets, officials, or possibly angels, who are constantly praying for the people of Jerusalem like watchmen who constantly guard the city. See how you translated "watchmen" in [Isaiah 52:8](../52/07.md) and [Isaiah 56:10](../56/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they are not silent day or night ## +# they are not silent day or night -This means they are continually pleading to God or calling to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This means they are continually pleading to Yahweh or calling to each other. AT: "they are earnestly praying to Yahweh throughout the entire day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## Do not allow him to rest ## +# Do not allow him to rest Here "him" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/62/08.md b/isa/62/08.md index 4df62c92e6..1fafc92a80 100644 --- a/isa/62/08.md +++ b/isa/62/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## by his right hand and by the arm of his strength ## +# by his right hand and by the arm of his strength -This shows God will surely fulfill what he says. AT: "by his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The right hand and arm represent power and authority. AT: "by his power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Surely I will no longer give your grain as food for your enemies ## +# Surely I will no longer give your grain as food for your enemies -This means God will not let the enemy conquer the people of Israel and take their grain. Perhaps the enemy took the grain in the past as a tax or to feed their own armies. \ No newline at end of file +This means Yahweh will not let enemies conquer the people of Israel and take their grain anymore. Perhaps enemies took the grain in the past as a tax or to feed their own armies. + +# I will no longer give your grain as food for your enemies ... Foreigners will not drink your new wine + +These statements are set together for emphasis and completion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# those who harvest the grain ... those who pick the grapes + +These statements are set together for emphasis and completion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/62/10.md b/isa/62/10.md index 412b5861d0..fdc185450b 100644 --- a/isa/62/10.md +++ b/isa/62/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Come through, come through the gates! ## +# Come through, come through the gates -The phrase "come through" is repeated to show urgency that the people of Jerusalem must go outside the gates of the city to welcome foreigners or exiles coming back to the land of Israel. This is the most likely of several interpretations. +The phrase "come through" is repeated to show urgency. -## Build it, build the highway ## +# Build it, build the highway -The word "build" is repeated to emphasize that God wants the road prepared well and level, perhaps quickly, so the people can come to him easily. See [Isaiah 57:14](../57/14.md). +The word "build" is repeated to emphasize that Yahweh urgently wants the road prepared. The "highway" represents the way the people can return. This is similar to [Isaiah 40:3](../40/03.md) and [Isaiah 57:14](../57/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Raise up a signal flag for the nations ## +# Gather out the stones -This means God is calling the people of the other nations to come to the land of Israel, to bring the exiles back, and to see what God has accomplished as he said he would. \ No newline at end of file +"Take the stones out of the road to make it smooth." Stones represent all the obstacles to quick travel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Raise up a signal flag for the nations + +A signal flag represents something to draw the attention of others. This means Yahweh is calling the people of the other nations to take notice of the land of Israel and to see what Yahweh has accomplished as he said he would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/62/11.md b/isa/62/11.md index 9bb7173126..a31458f79b 100644 --- a/isa/62/11.md +++ b/isa/62/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## the daughter of Zion ## +# Look -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +"Take notice!" -## See, his reward is with him, and his recompense is going before him ## +# the ends of the earth -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 40:9](../40/09.md). \ No newline at end of file +The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. This phrase also forms a merism and refers to everywhere in between the ends. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 40:28](../40/27.md). AT "the farthest places of the earth" or "the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the daughter of Zion + +"Daughter" represents the people of Jerusalem (Zion). See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:8](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# See, his reward is with him, and his recompense is going before him + +These clauses represent the same idea for emphasis. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 40:10](../40/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# you will be called + +This can be stated actively, "they will call you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/62/intro.md b/isa/62/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bd87af4f20 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/62/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 62 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an important quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Restoration ##### +This chapter prophesies concerning a future time of peace and restoration. It is unlikely to have been fulfilled in Isaiah's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 62:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../61/intro.md) | [>>](../63/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/01.md b/isa/63/01.md index 08ea95fe32..b0f073603b 100644 --- a/isa/63/01.md +++ b/isa/63/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Who is this who comes from Edom ## +# Who is this who comes from Edom ... Bozrah -This Isaiah speaking as a watchman. The question and answer format is a way of presenting this information, but it is not to be understood literally. Isaiah did not actually see Yahweh approaching. +Isaiah speaks as a watchman using the question and answer format to present this information about Yahweh's judgment on Edom, an enemy of Israel. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I, Yahweh, am coming from Edom, clothed in red from Bozrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Bozrah ## +# Bozrah This is the capital city of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## It is I ## +# It is I -Here "I" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. + +# Why are your clothes red, and why ... winepress? + +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The red on your clothing looks makes you look like you have been treading on grapes in a winepress." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# winepress + +A winepress is a low place carved out of rock in the ground where workers step on the grapes to crush them with their feet, in order to remove the grape juice. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/03.md b/isa/63/03.md index a0b1951e15..077fa5832c 100644 --- a/isa/63/03.md +++ b/isa/63/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## I have trod grapes ## +# I have trodden grapes Here "I" refers to Yahweh. This imagery refers to Yahweh destroying his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For I looked forward to the day of vengeance ## +# the day of vengeance -Here "day" refers to a period of time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"the time of vengeance" or "the time for vengeance" -## vengeance ## +# vengeance -Yahweh will punish in an appropriate way to bring about justice. His kind of vengeance differs from man's. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh will punish in an appropriate way to bring about justice. His kind of vengeance differs from man's vengeance. + +# the year for my redemption + +Here "year" refers to a specific time appointed by Yahweh for restoring Israel. AT: "the time for my redemption" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/05.md b/isa/63/05.md index 5e293596a7..1a70c261bf 100644 --- a/isa/63/05.md +++ b/isa/63/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## but my own arm ## +# but my own arm Here "arm" represents power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and made them drunk in my wrath ## +# made them drunk in my wrath -This means Yahweh made them experience his full wrath and punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means Yahweh made them stunned and senseless by his full wrath and punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I poured out their blood + +Here "blood" represents the life of Yahweh's enemies that was gushing out so they would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/07.md b/isa/63/07.md index 6b4beb79ba..e968b34f57 100644 --- a/isa/63/07.md +++ b/isa/63/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I will tell ## +# I will tell of the acts of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." See how you translated "covenant faithfulness" in [Isaiah 16:5](../16/05.md). AT: "I will tell about how God has acted faithfully to his covenant" or "I will tell about all the faithful things God has done for his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will tell Here "I" refers to Isaiah. -## done for us ## +# done for us Here "us" refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/09.md b/isa/63/09.md index 1cfaa22fa9..362f10fb42 100644 --- a/isa/63/09.md +++ b/isa/63/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Through all their suffering ## +# Through all their suffering -Here "their" refers to the people of Israel. Isaiah included himself as a member of the people. AT: "Through all our suffering" +"Through all our suffering." Here "their" refers to the people of Israel. Isaiah included himself as a member of the people. -## he suffered too ## +# he suffered too Here "he" refers to Yahweh. -## the angel from his presence ## +# the angel from his presence -This is an angel who is sent from God's presence. +This is a representative who is sent from God's presence. -## he lifted them up and carried them ## +# he lifted them up and carried them -This refers to when God protected and saved the people of Israel from the Egyptians many years earlier. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to when God protected and saved the people of Israel from the Egyptians many years earlier. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/10.md b/isa/63/10.md index faf644ddc6..79a83a86fe 100644 --- a/isa/63/10.md +++ b/isa/63/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## But they rebelled ## +# But they rebelled -Here "they" refers to the people of Israel. Isaiah included himself as a member of the people. AT: "But we rebelled" +"but we rebelled." Here "they" refers to the people of Israel. Isaiah included himself as a member of the people. -## his Holy Spirit ## +# his Holy Spirit "Yahweh's Holy Spirit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/11.md b/isa/63/11.md index b1e9865095..908dddfd8f 100644 --- a/isa/63/11.md +++ b/isa/63/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## They said ## +# They said -Here “they” refers to the people of Israel. Isaiah included himself as a member of the people. AT: "We said" +"we said." Here "they" refers to the people of Israel. Isaiah included himself as a member of the people. -## the shepherds of his flock ## +# who brought them up out of the sea -AT: "the leaders of his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The story of Yahweh miraculously splitting the waters of the Sea of Reeds so that the Israelites could cross and escape the Egyptians is assumed knowledge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the shepherds of his flock + +Leaders are sometimes referred to as "shepherds." AT: "the leaders of his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/12.md b/isa/63/12.md index c2a562b391..e93da68114 100644 --- a/isa/63/12.md +++ b/isa/63/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + The people of Israel continue speaking. -## who made his glorious power go with the right hand of Moses ## +# who made his glorious power go with the right hand of Moses -Here "arm" represents the power of Yahweh. This means it was God's power that enabled Moses to split the Reed Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "right hand" represents the power of Yahweh through Moses. This means it was God's power that enabled Moses to divide the water of the Reed Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Like a horse running on flat land, they did not stumble ## +# Like a horse running on flat land, they did not stumble This means that the people of Israel were sure-footed as horses in open country on their travels toward Israel from Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/14.md b/isa/63/14.md index 3982535f80..a2d63780dd 100644 --- a/isa/63/14.md +++ b/isa/63/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + The people of Israel continue speaking. -## As the cattle that go down into the valley ## +# As the cattle that go down into the valley ... rest -This may refer to cattle going into a valley where there is green grass and water. This emphasizes that God led the people of Israel and took care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This image pictures cattle going into a valley where there is green grass and water and emphasizes that God led the people of Israel and took care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## to make yourself a name of praise ## +# to make yourself a name of praise -Here "name of praise" refers to honor and one's reputation. AT: "so you would have an honored name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "name of praise" refers to honor and one's reputation. AT: "to make sure you have an honored reputation for yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/15.md b/isa/63/15.md index 5d608d5f91..2dade45ebd 100644 --- a/isa/63/15.md +++ b/isa/63/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + The people of Israel continue speaking. -## Where are your zeal and your mighty acts? ## +# Where are your zeal and your mighty acts? -They use a question to express deep emotion and concern because it seems God is not helping them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The writer uses a question to express deep emotion and concern because it seems God is not helping them. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "We do not see your zeal and your mighty acts!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Your pity and your compassionate actions are kept from us ## +# Your pity and your compassionate actions are kept from us -AT: "You keep your pity and compassion from us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You keep your pity and compassion from us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# though Abraham does not know us, and Israel does not recognize us + +These ancestors of the nation of Israel would not able to identify their descendants because they changed so much. "Abraham" and "Israel" represent the people from the distant past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Israel + +This refers to the name also called "Jacob." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/17.md b/isa/63/17.md index 3816cd2c40..f8c64adb02 100644 --- a/isa/63/17.md +++ b/isa/63/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The people of Israel continue speaking. -## Yahweh, why do you make us wander from your ways and harden our hearts, so we do not obey you? ## +# Yahweh, why do you make us wander from your ways and harden our hearts, so we do not obey you? -They use a question to express their complaint to God. AT: "Yahweh, you have made us wander from your ways and become stubborn so that we do not obey you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here the writer uses a question to express a complaint of the people to God. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Yahweh, you have made us wander from your ways and become stubborn so that we do not obey you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## why do you make us wander from your ways ## +# why do you make us wander from your ways -This people lament, wondering if God has misled them so they wander off the correct path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +To not do what Yahweh commands is spoken of as if a person wanders off of the correct path. AT: "why do you make do what is wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# harden our hearts + +This means to become resistant to Yahweh's teaching by refusing to listen and obey. Here "heart" represents their motives, feelings and desires. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/18.md b/isa/63/18.md index 8202904bf2..daaee1bbc7 100644 --- a/isa/63/18.md +++ b/isa/63/18.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + The people of Israel continue speaking. -## who were never called by your name ## +# who were never called by your name -AT: "who never belonged to your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. The word "name" refers to a family relationship. AT: "who never belonged to your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# We have become ... called by your name + +Some modern versions interpret this passage differently: "We are like the people over whom you have not ruled, like those who have not been called by your name." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/63/intro.md b/isa/63/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d4d4a101e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/63/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 63 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Imagery ##### +The imagery of judgment in this chapter is intended to be rather vivid. The translator should avoid euphemisms, if possible. Overall, this chapter prophesies a day of great judgment and God's wrath. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wrath]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 63:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../62/intro.md) | [>>](../64/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/64/01.md b/isa/64/01.md index c14bef705b..655b967c18 100644 --- a/isa/64/01.md +++ b/isa/64/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + The people of Israel continue speaking to Yahweh. (See: [Isaiah 63:11](../63/11.md)) -## as when fire kindles the brushwood, or the fire makes water boil ## +# Oh, if you had -This //possibly// emphasizes how easily God's presence would have caused the mountains and the people to tremble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Isaiah introduces this desire for Yahweh's presence in their past history with a strong exclamation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# if you had split open the heavens + +If Yahweh had shown himself very dramatically by tearing open the sky. The words "split open" refer to ripping a piece of cloth apart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# mountains would have shaken + +The mountains would have trembled as in an earthquake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# as when fire kindles the brushwood, or the fire makes water boil + +This possibly emphasizes how easily God's presence would have caused the mountains and the people to tremble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/64/03.md b/isa/64/03.md index e05371139b..c19ea95326 100644 --- a/isa/64/03.md +++ b/isa/64/03.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + The people of Israel continues speaking to Yahweh. -## nor eye seen ## +# nor eye seen -AT: "nor has anyone seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the "eye" refers to the whole person. AT: "nor has anyone seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/64/05.md b/isa/64/05.md index 36665a0e41..ca896eded6 100644 --- a/isa/64/05.md +++ b/isa/64/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + The people of Israel continue speaking to Yahweh. -## call to mind ## +# call to mind -AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that means "remember." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/64/06.md b/isa/64/06.md index d7a2c757a4..d8e5fd23f7 100644 --- a/isa/64/06.md +++ b/isa/64/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + The people of Israel continue speaking to Yahweh. -## and all our righteous deeds are like a menstrual rag ## +# all our righteous deeds are like a menstrual rag A "menstrual rag" is a cloth that a woman uses during the time of month when she bleeds from her womb. This means all their attempts to please God fail. This sentence was meant to be shocking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## We have all withered like leaves; and our iniquities, like the wind, carry us away ## +# We have all withered like leaves -This means their sins, as a community, are the reason for their failure. +Isaiah compares the people of Israel to leaves that dry up when dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## you have hidden your face from us ## +# our iniquities, like the wind, carry us away + +This means their sins, as a community, are the reason for their failure. Isaiah compares the iniquities to the wind as the force for their suffering Yahweh's punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you have hidden your face from us This means God gave up on his people and let them suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/64/08.md b/isa/64/08.md index 59921d8399..d52c55a509 100644 --- a/isa/64/08.md +++ b/isa/64/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The people of Israel continue speaking to Yahweh. -## we are the clay. You are our potter; and we all are the work of your hand ## +# we are the clay. You are our potter; and we all are the work of your hand -This means God created the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means God created the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# call to mind + +This refers to remembering the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# look at us all + +Isaiah asks Yahweh to pay attention to their situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/64/10.md b/isa/64/10.md index 4d89d4df6c..1e42672bd5 100644 --- a/isa/64/10.md +++ b/isa/64/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The people of Israel continue speaking to Yahweh. -## Your holy cities have become a wilderness ## +# Your holy cities have become a wilderness -This emphasizes that the cities are destroyed and no one lives there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This emphasizes that the cities have been destroyed and no one lives there. -## has been destroyed by fire ## +# Our holy and beautiful temple, where our fathers praised you, has been destroyed by fire -AT: "the enemy destroyed it with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy has destroyed our holy and beautiful temple, where our fathers praised you, by fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## How can you still hold back, Yahweh? How can you remain silent and continue to humiliate us? ## +# How can you still hold back, Yahweh? How can you remain silent and continue to humiliate us? -They use questions to express their frustration because God has not yet come to help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +They use questions to express their frustration because God has not yet come to help them. AT: "Please do not hold back, Yahweh! Please do not remain silent and continue to humiliate us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/64/intro.md b/isa/64/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..96d852b5f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/64/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 64 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Repentance ##### +This chapter records the repentance of the righteous remnant of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 64:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../63/intro.md) | [>>](../65/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/01.md b/isa/65/01.md index d98056c8aa..365ad6663c 100644 --- a/isa/65/01.md +++ b/isa/65/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## I was ready ## +# I was ready Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -## I have spread out my hands all day to a stubborn people ## +# I have spread out my hands all day to a stubborn people -AT: "I have continually plead to a stubborn people to receive my help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Spreading out my hands" is a person's gesture to show imploring or a strong request. AT: "I have continually begged a stubborn people to receive my help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/03.md b/isa/65/03.md index 2f2abc173c..7dfab0f87f 100644 --- a/isa/65/03.md +++ b/isa/65/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Israel. -## in gardens…on brick tiles ## +# in gardens ... on brick tiles -These refer to Canaanite places for worshiping idols. Their sacred altars were made of bricks, which Yahweh forbid for his altars. His were made of stone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +These refer to Canaanite places for worshiping idols. Their sacred altars were made of bricks, which Yahweh forbid for his altars. Yahweh's altars were made of stone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## eat pork ## +# sit among the graves and keep watch all night -Yahweh did not allow the people of Israel to eat meat from pigs. \ No newline at end of file +This is a reference to consulting the dead, a practice that Yahweh prohibited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# eat pork + +Yahweh did not allow the people of Israel to eat meat from pigs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/05.md b/isa/65/05.md index d1f74736bc..646e509d76 100644 --- a/isa/65/05.md +++ b/isa/65/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## These things are smoke in my nose, a fire that burns all day long ## +Yahweh continues speaking to and about the people of Israel. -This means these people continually irritate Yahweh and make him angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# These things are smoke in my nose + +Yahweh compares these people who are continually annoying him to smoke that irritates a person's breathing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a fire that burns all day long + +Yahweh compares the people of Israel to a slow-burning fire that sends out smoke without stopping as it irritates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/06.md b/isa/65/06.md index fd15476219..2659d02ac5 100644 --- a/isa/65/06.md +++ b/isa/65/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Israel. -## into their laps ## +# Look, it is written -This means God will punish them to the fullest extent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Take notice and pay attention" + +# into their laps + +This means God will punish them to the fullest extent. This expression compares Yahweh punishing the people to dumping on their legs as they are sitting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/08.md b/isa/65/08.md index 77b1dbdea1..abc07292d9 100644 --- a/isa/65/08.md +++ b/isa/65/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## As when juice...I will not ruin them all ## +# As when juice is found in a cluster of grapes -In 65:8 Yahweh is emphasizing that he will not destroy all of the people of Israel. He will spare the righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh compares the people of Israel to a cluster of grapes that still has some good juice in it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when juice is found in a cluster + +This can be stated in an active way. AT: "when you find juice in a cluster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will not ruin them all + +This can be expressed positively. AT: "I will spare some of them who are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/09.md b/isa/65/09.md index a2bf73c151..9f05f6813f 100644 --- a/isa/65/09.md +++ b/isa/65/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## my mountains ## +# my mountains -This refers to Jerusalem and all of Judea. +This refers to the highest locations of Jerusalem and all of Judea. -## Sharon ## +# Sharon -This was a fertile grazing area. +This was a fertile grazing area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## valley of Achor ## +# Valley of Achor This is the name of a valley that possibly ran from Jerusalem to south of Jericho. This was also a fertile grazing area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/11.md b/isa/65/11.md index 3a3055f6c3..8ba76863ee 100644 --- a/isa/65/11.md +++ b/isa/65/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## holy mountain ## +# holy mountain -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:8](../11/08.md). +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:9](../11/08.md). -## who prepare a table…and fill wine glasses of mingled wine ## +# who prepare a table ... and fill wine glasses of mingled wine People would bring food and drink and place it in front of the idol as part of their worship. -## mingled wine ## +# mingled wine wine mixed with spices -## Fortune…Destiny ## +# Fortune ... Destiny These are names of false gods. They are also called "Gad" and "Meni." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/12.md b/isa/65/12.md index 0a6055b752..ff4688d265 100644 --- a/isa/65/12.md +++ b/isa/65/12.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to those in Israel who worship idols. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues speaking to those in Israel who worship idols. + +# destine you for the sword + +"The sword" represents various weapons of war that Yahweh will use to punish those who do not respond to Yahweh's call. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# when I called, you did not answer; when I spoke, you did not listen + +Both clauses mean the same and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/13.md b/isa/65/13.md index 0a6055b752..80719a2540 100644 --- a/isa/65/13.md +++ b/isa/65/13.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to those in Israel who worship idols. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues speaking to those in Israel who worship idols. + +# Look, my servants + +"Take notice and pay attention" Yahweh repeats this for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# but you will cry because of the pain of the heart, and will wail because of the crushing of the spirit + +These clauses mean the same and the repetition is for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# crushing of the spirit + +This expression compares the feeling of terrible disappointment and sorrow to something becoming deformed due to high pressure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/15.md b/isa/65/15.md index e1100aa09d..52fb88d679 100644 --- a/isa/65/15.md +++ b/isa/65/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to those in Israel who worship idols. -## will be blessed by me, the God of truth ## +# will be blessed by me, the God of truth -AT: "I, the God who always speaks the truth, will bless him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I, the God who always speaks the truth, will bless him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## because the former troubles will be forgotten, for they will be hidden from my eyes ## +# the former troubles will be forgotten ... will be hidden -AT: "because their troubles will be gone, and I will not even think about them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +These clauses can be stated in active form. AT: "they will forget the former troubles, for these troubles will be out of my memory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will be hidden from my eyes + +"hidden from my eyes" represents the attention and memory of Yahweh. AT: "I will not even think about them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/17.md b/isa/65/17.md index 483351420d..ec2c2a94ef 100644 --- a/isa/65/17.md +++ b/isa/65/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## the former things will not be remembered or be brought to mind ## +# For see -Both of these phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "you will not even think about what happened in the past." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Notice! Pay attention!" -## But you will be glad ## +# new heavens and a new earth -Here "you" refers to all of God's servants. \ No newline at end of file +Both are extremes that also represent everything between. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the former things will not be remembered or be brought to mind + +Both of these clauses mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will not even think about what happened in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But you will be glad + +Here "you" refers to all of God's servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# weeping and cries of distress will no longer be heard in her + +You can state this in active form. AT: "no one will hear weeping and cries of distress any longer in her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/20.md b/isa/65/20.md index d8fd517768..385a6362be 100644 --- a/isa/65/20.md +++ b/isa/65/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about his faithful people. -## one hundred years ## +# one hundred years "100 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## will be considered a young person ## +# will be considered a young person -AT: "people will consider him a young person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will consider him a young person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be considered cursed + +This can be stated this in active form. AT: "people will consider this person as cursed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/22.md b/isa/65/22.md index 33ccc7e1f4..d0a346b41d 100644 --- a/isa/65/22.md +++ b/isa/65/22.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about his faithful people. -## they are the children of those blessed by Yahweh ## +# for as the days of trees will be the days of my people -AT: "they are the children of those whom Yahweh blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"for my people will live as long as trees live" + +# they are the children of those blessed by Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they are the children of those whom Yahweh blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/24.md b/isa/65/24.md index 6a3d56bb76..2819caaa67 100644 --- a/isa/65/24.md +++ b/isa/65/24.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about his faithful people. -## holy mountain ## +# holy mountain -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:8](../11/08.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:9](../11/08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/65/intro.md b/isa/65/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..21cd125a71 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/65/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Isaiah 65 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which are extended quotations. + +This chapter is Yahweh's response to the repentance of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Judgment and hope ##### +This chapter records that Yahweh's judgment on the people must come. Despite this, there is hope that in the end, Yahweh will make all things new and restore them to himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 65:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../64/intro.md) | [>>](../66/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/01.md b/isa/66/01.md index de0a8169b4..f23dac4c43 100644 --- a/isa/66/01.md +++ b/isa/66/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Where then is the house you will build for me? Where is the place where I may rest? ## +# Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool + +Yahweh compares heaven to a throne and the earth to a footstool to emphasize how great he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Where then is the house you will build for me? Where is the place where I may rest? Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that humans cannot build a place for him to dwell. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/02.md b/isa/66/02.md index 9589125c17..1f3e76647c 100644 --- a/isa/66/02.md +++ b/isa/66/02.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## declaration of Yahweh ## +# My hand has made all these things -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:21](../14/21.md). +Yahweh is represented by his hand which emphasizes his power and authority. AT: "I have made all these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the broken and contrite in spirit ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the broken and contrite in spirit Here "broken" and "contrite" refers to a person who is truly humble and who suffers for his faith. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/03.md b/isa/66/03.md index f83b26f015..31a832a5b9 100644 --- a/isa/66/03.md +++ b/isa/66/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## They have chosen their own ways ## +# He who slaughters ... also blesses wickedness -AT: "They have chosen to do evil things" +These four clauses all describe different ways evil people act and come to the same meaning for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## they take pleasure ## +# They have chosen their own ways -AT: "they take pleasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"They have chosen to do evil things that violate the ways of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/04.md b/isa/66/04.md index 0e3af860d7..d61f5fe71d 100644 --- a/isa/66/04.md +++ b/isa/66/04.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about the wicked people. -## They did what was evil in my eyes ## +# what was evil in my sight -AT: "They did what I consider to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "what I consider to be evil" or "what is evil in my judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/05.md b/isa/66/05.md index 02f8aad493..d92f49f4d7 100644 --- a/isa/66/05.md +++ b/isa/66/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## May Yahweh be glorified ## +# May Yahweh be glorified -AT: "Glorify Yahweh" or "May Yahweh glorify himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Glorify Yahweh" or "May Yahweh glorify himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## but they will be put to shame ## +# but they will be put to shame -AT: "but I will put them to shame" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but I will put them to shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/06.md b/isa/66/06.md index 492e8d70e7..4f1f9acf8c 100644 --- a/isa/66/06.md +++ b/isa/66/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking. +# General Information: -## A sound of battle tumult comes from the city, a sound from the temple ## +Yahweh describes the punishment for the hypocrisy of the worshipers. -AT: "a loud uproar like the noise of a battle comes from the city and from the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# A sound of battle tumult -## the sound of Yahweh paying back his enemies ## - -This refers to the sound of Yahweh punishing those who contaminated their worship with Canaanite practices. \ No newline at end of file +The sound represents the real fighting that is going on in the temple as Yahweh is carrying out the punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/07.md b/isa/66/07.md index 6447028540..bba661c97b 100644 --- a/isa/66/07.md +++ b/isa/66/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## Before she goes into labor, she gives birth; before pain is upon her, she gave birth to a son ## +# Before she goes into labor, she gives birth; before pain is upon her, she gave birth to a son Yahweh speaks about Zion as if it were a woman who is about to give birth. Although Zion was destroyed and the people no longer lived there, Yahweh promises that without delay and with little effort an entire nation will come from her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Who has heard of such a thing? Who has seen such things? Will a land be born in one day? Can a nation be established in one moment? ## +# Who has heard of such a thing? Who has seen such things? Will a land be born in one day? Can a nation be established in one moment? -Yahweh uses questions to emphasize how unique this event will be. The series of questions build tension until Zion is finally mentioned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses questions to emphasize how unique this event will be. The series of questions builds tension until Zion is finally mentioned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/09.md b/isa/66/09.md index af78ad4dea..2370050900 100644 --- a/isa/66/09.md +++ b/isa/66/09.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -8]]) +# General Information: -## Do I bring a mother to the time of birth and not cause her child to be born...Do I beget and then hold back? ## +Yahweh continues speaking about Jerusalem as if it were a mother. (See: [Isaiah 66:7-8](./07.md)) + +# Do I bring a baby to the birth opening ... born? Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that he will not fail to fulfill his promises to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/10.md b/isa/66/10.md index 23ed268546..5a243e8056 100644 --- a/isa/66/10.md +++ b/isa/66/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -8]]) +# General Information: -## For you will nurse and be satisfied; with her breasts you will be comforted ## +Yahweh continues speaking about Jerusalem as if it were a mother and the inhabitants of Jerusalem as if they were newly born children. (See: [Isaiah 66:7-8](./07.md)) -This means Jerusalem will be a place of safety and comfort for God's people. AT: "For she will satisfy you with her milk; she will comfort you with her breasts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# For you will nurse and be satisfied; with her breasts you will be comforted + +This means Jerusalem will be a place of safety and comfort for God's people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For she will satisfy you with her milk; she will comfort you with her breasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/12.md b/isa/66/12.md index c93fa8dd89..bf9390efad 100644 --- a/isa/66/12.md +++ b/isa/66/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -8]]) +# General Information: -## like a river…like an overflowing stream ## +Yahweh continues speaking about Jerusalem as if it were a mother. (See: [Isaiah 66:7-8](./07.md)) + +# like a river ... like an overflowing stream This means God will cause the people of the nations to bring a very large amount of riches, which will be permanent like a river and abundant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## You will nurse at her side, be carried in her arms, and be dandled on her knees ## +# You will nurse at her side, be carried in her arms, and be dandled on her knees This means Jerusalem will be a place of safety and comfort for God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## be carried in her arms, and be dandled on her knees ## +# be carried in her arms, and be dandled on her knees -AT: "she will carry you in her arms and bounce you on her knees with delight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "she will carry you in her arms and bounce you on her knees with delight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## so I will comfort you, and you will be comforted in Jerusalem ## +# so I will comfort you, and you will be comforted in Jerusalem -AT: "so I will comfort you in Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so I will comfort you in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/14.md b/isa/66/14.md index ba2fe36934..5ab23a00ff 100644 --- a/isa/66/14.md +++ b/isa/66/14.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah is speaking to God's faithful people. -## Yahweh's hand will be revealed to his servants ## +# your bones will sprout -AT: "Yahweh will reveal his power to his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Bones" refers to the whole body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# will sprout like the tender grass + +"Tender grass" grows fast and strong and compares to the health and vigor of God's faithful people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The hand of Yahweh will be made known to his servants + +Here "hand" refers to his power. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will reveal his power to his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/15.md b/isa/66/15.md index f2779f00b4..cf0072d185 100644 --- a/isa/66/15.md +++ b/isa/66/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking to God's faithful people. -## coming with fire ## +# coming with fire -God's appearances in the Old Testament are often accompanied by fire. +Yahweh's appearances in the Old Testament are often accompanied by fire that represents Yahweh's anger and judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## like the windstorm ## +# like the windstorm -Clouds are often called the chariots of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Storms represent Yahweh's powerful actions to make his judgment effective. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## with his sword ## +# with his sword -This refers to God's power to judge and to kill his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Sword" is one weapon that represents all of warfare and killing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Those killed by Yahweh will be many ## +# Those killed by Yahweh will be many -AT: "Yahweh will kill many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will kill many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/17.md b/isa/66/17.md index 3cb9faf372..ff9d39e461 100644 --- a/isa/66/17.md +++ b/isa/66/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Isaiah continues speaking. -## enter the gardens ## +# They consecrate themselves + +"They" are those who worship Yahweh but go against his laws. + +# enter the gardens This is a place where people would go to worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## declaration of Yahweh ## +# the one in the middle -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:21](../14/21.md). \ No newline at end of file +This describes the leader of those of go to worship idols. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/18.md b/isa/66/18.md index d2137c42b8..648f476e87 100644 --- a/isa/66/18.md +++ b/isa/66/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## For I know ## +# For I know Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -## their deeds…their thoughts ## +# their deeds ... their thoughts -Here "their" refers to the nations. +Here "their" refers to the worshipers that are hypocrites whom Yahweh has described before. -## Put…Lud…Tubal…Javan ## +# Put ... Lud ... Tubal ... Javan These are names of areas that are far from the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/20.md b/isa/66/20.md index 797f89ee3c..39a4665eb4 100644 --- a/isa/66/20.md +++ b/isa/66/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## They will bring ## +# They will bring Here "they" refers to the foreigners who survived and witnessed to the nations. They will return to Jerusalem with exiled Israelites. -## holy mountain ## +# holy mountain -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:8](../11/08.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:9](../11/08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/22.md b/isa/66/22.md index 87cc9d7efd..245d87e2b5 100644 --- a/isa/66/22.md +++ b/isa/66/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the new heavens and the new earth ## +# the new heavens and the new earth See how you translated this in [Isaiah 65:17](../65/17.md). -## declaration of Yahweh ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:21](../14/21.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/24.md b/isa/66/24.md index b17782d9a4..39d62431c0 100644 --- a/isa/66/24.md +++ b/isa/66/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking. +# General Information: -## They will go out ## +Yahweh finishes speaking. + +# They will go out Here "they" refers to all the people, the faithful Israelites and foreigners, who come to worship Yahweh. -## will not be quenched ## +# the worms ... and the fire -AT: "will burn forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both clauses describe the same idea to emphasize Yahweh's punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the worms that eat them + +The worms represent the horror of decay and rot that are Yahweh's punishment on the wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the fire that consumes + +Fire also represents Yahweh's judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will not be quenched + +This can be expressed positively. AT: "will burn forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# all flesh + +This expression represents all created living beings that shrink from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/66/intro.md b/isa/66/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..38c9226ebe --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/66/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Isaiah 66 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 66:1-17, 21-24, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### In the end ##### +In the end, Yahweh will enact his perfect justice. This is the true hope of this world. The new heaven and the new earth are an important part of this. In the end, this will be the perfect creation of Yahweh and will last forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forever]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Isaiah 66:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../65/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/front/intro.md b/isa/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..abf4d37cf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/isa/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +# Introduction to Isaiah # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Isaiah #### + +1. Rebuke of Judah and promised restoration (1–5) +1. Destruction promised for many empires (6–23) +1. Universal judgment and promise of redemption (24–27) +1. Accusation of the chosen people of Yahweh (28–31) +1. Promised restoration of the line of kings descended from David (32–33) +1. Judgment on Edom and the the nations, and the promise of restoration of the ransomed (34–35) +1. Hezekiah and Sennacherib (36–39) +1. Comfort promised, comfort, deliverance, and judgment (40–45) +1. Prophecies against Babylon (46–48) +1. Redemption of Yahweh's servant (49–55) +1. Ethics of Yahweh's kingdom (56–59) +1. Restored Jerusalem (60–66) + + +#### What is the Book of Isaiah about? #### + +Isaiah, who lived in Jerusalem, warned his people about the coming destruction of their nation Israel. The book records many of Isaiah's prophecies. In a difficult time, Isaiah gave the nation hope in the redemption that the future Messiah would bring. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"The Book of Isaiah" may also be called the "The book about Isaiah" or "The Sayings of Isaiah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### When did the prophet Isaiah live? #### + +The prophet Isaiah wrote down the prophecies in this book about 740–700 BC, when the Assyrian Empire was increasing in power. Isaiah transmitted prophecies from God to the people of Judah during the reigns of Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, and Manasseh. The period of Isaiah's work is also represented in 2 Kings 19–20. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What did Isaiah prophesy about the future Messiah of Israel? #### + +While most of Israel expected the Messiah to be a conquering king, Isaiah explained that the Messiah would also be a servant of God who would suffer for people's sins. He said that the Messiah would offer both spiritual and physical deliverance, but not necessarily at the same time. + +#### What did Isaiah mean by "the last days"? #### + +The Book of Isaiah was one of the first books to present the concept of the last days, the end times. Isaiah explained that in the last days there would be a future kingdom of Israel, centered at Jerusalem, where the world would come to learn about Yahweh and worship him. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"? #### + +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who were also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the kingdom of Judah. + +#### What are some characteristics of prophetic literature in the Book of Isaiah? #### + +Most of God's words that Isaiah transmits are put into poetic form. It seems many prophets in Israel used poetry when they spoke important messages that were meant to be remembered. + +Sometimes his messages are hard to understand because he assumed his original hearers would know what he was talking about—better than we can today. However, the basic topics about which Isaiah spoke to his audience are still clear to us today: the people's sins that led them into desperate situations, God's judgment on them, and also his mercy. + +Isaiah also speaks about the so-called Servant of Yahweh, in four different poems that are today called the "Four Servant Songs." The later Christians understood these very clearly as prophecies about Jesus Christ, the future Messiah. These "songs" are in Isaiah 42:1-9; 49:1-7; 50:4-9; and 52:13-53:12. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/01.md b/jas/01/01.md index ae113e6b87..a3a4bd04b1 100644 --- a/jas/01/01.md +++ b/jas/01/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## James, … ## +# General Information: -James is the half-brother of Jesus. AT: “I, James,…”. +The apostle James writes this letter to all the Christians. Many of them were Jews, and they lived in many different places. -## a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ ## +# James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ -The phrase “I am” is implied. AT: “I am a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The phrase "this letter is from" is implied. AT: "This letter is from James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to the twelve tribes of the Dispersion ## +# to the twelve tribes -James was writing to all the Jewish believers who fled to Roman cities outside of Judea, away from the persecution that arose after the stoning of Stephen. +Possible meanings are 1) this is a synecdoche for Jewish Christians, or 2) this is a metaphor for all Christians. AT: "to God's faithful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the twelve tribes ## +# in the dispersion -Seek to be consistent in writing numbers. It can be displayed as "the 12 tribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +The term "dispersion" normally referred to the Jews who were scattered in other countries, away from their homeland Israel. This abstract noun can be expressed with a phrase with the verb "scattered." AT: "who are scattered around the world" or "who live in other countries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## greetings ## +# Greetings! -A basic greeting such as "Hello" or "Good Day". +a basic greeting, such as "Hello!" or "Good day!" -## Consider it all joy, my brothers, when you experience various troubles ## +# Consider it all joy, my brothers, when you experience various troubles "My fellow believers, think of all your different kinds of troubles as something to celebrate" -## knowing that the testing of your faith works endurance ## +# the testing of your faith produces endurance -"because you know that God uses these troubles to make your faith stronger" \ No newline at end of file +The expressions "the testing," "your faith," and "endurance" are nouns that stand for actions. God does the testing, that is, he finds out how much the believers trust and obey him. Believers ("you") believe in him and endure suffering. AT: "when you suffer hardships, God is finding out how much you trust him. As a result, you will become able to endure even more hardships" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/04.md b/jas/01/04.md index 69cf1646f2..9958cc7bc3 100644 --- a/jas/01/04.md +++ b/jas/01/04.md @@ -1,31 +1,23 @@ -## Let endurance complete its work ## +# Let endurance complete its work -To continue to stand firm under difficult circumstances. AT: "stay strong during your troubles." +Here endurance is spoken of as if it were a person at work. AT: "Learn to endure any hardship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## that you may be ## +# fully developed -"so that God may make your faith" +able to trust in Christ and obey him in all circumstances -## that you ## +# not lacking anything -The word "you" refers to the Jewish Believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +This can be stated in the positive. AT: "having all that you need" or "being all that you need to be" -## completely mature ## +# ask for it from God, the one who gives -"completely perfect" +"ask God for it. He is the one who gives" -## lacking in nothing ## +# gives generously and without rebuke to all -This is a negative phrase that can be stated in the positive as, "Having much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +"gives generously and does not rebuke any" -## ask for it from the One who gives it, God ## - -"ask God for it. He is the one who gives wisdom." - -## generously and without rebuke ## - -"without rebuke" is a negative phrase that can be stated in the positive as, "generously and happily." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) - -## God will grant it ## +# he will give it "God will do it" or "God will answer your prayer" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/06.md b/jas/01/06.md index e3231dcc74..95d29ed1cc 100644 --- a/jas/01/06.md +++ b/jas/01/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## in faith, without doubting ## +# in faith, doubting nothing -"without doubting" is a negative phrase that can be stated in the positive as "with complete certainty that God will answer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This can be stated in the positive. AT: "with complete certainty that God will answer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## for the one who doubts is like a wave in the sea, driven by the wind and tossed around ## +# For anyone who doubts is like a wave in the sea that is driven by the wind and tossed around -This compares a person who doubts with the way water moves and keeps changing direction. AT: “is always moving back and forth between belief and unbelief” or “is always changing what he believes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Anyone who doubts that God will help him is said to be like the water in the ocean or in a large lake, which keeps moving in different directions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## his request ## +# is double-minded -"what he asked" +The word "double-minded" refers to a person's thoughts when he is unable to make a decision. AT: "cannot decide if he will follow Jesus or not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## of the Lord ## +# unstable in all his ways -"from the Lord" - -## is a doubleminded person ## - -The word "doubleminded" refers to a person's thoughts when he is unable to make a decision. AT: "cannot decide if he will follow Jesus or not follow Jesus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## unstable in all his ways ## - -"He is not certain about anything." \ No newline at end of file +Here this person is spoken of as if he cannot stay on one path but instead goes from one to another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/09.md b/jas/01/09.md index 4d82f4908a..126dc17ea6 100644 --- a/jas/01/09.md +++ b/jas/01/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## The poor brother ## +# the poor brother -"The believer who does not have much money" +"the believer who does not have much money" -## should glory in his high standing ## +# boast of his high position -"should be happy that God has given him honor." +Someone whom God has honored is spoken of as if he were standing in a high place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## while the rich brother ## +# but the rich man of his low position -"And, the brother who has a lot of money" +The words "let boast" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "but let the rich man boast of his low position" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## in his humility ## +# but the rich man -The ellipsis phrase "should glory" is left out. AT: "should be happy that God has taught him humility." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +"but the man who has a lot of money." Possible meanings are 1) the rich man is a believer or 2) the rich man is an unbeliever. -## he will pass away like a wild flower in the field passes ## +# of his low position -This simile shows that even rich people will die, just like every living thing dies. It emphasizes why a rich person should be humble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +A rich believer should be happy if God causes him to suffer. AT: "should be happy that God has given him difficulties" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## with scorching heat ## +# he will pass away as a wild flower in the grass -"and its heat" or "the scorching hot wind" (UDB) +Rich people are spoken of as being similar to wild flowers, which are alive for only a short time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## the rich people will fade away in the middle of their activities ## +# its beauty perishes -"the rich person will die while he is working hard to gain more money" \ No newline at end of file +A flower no longer being beautiful is spoken of as if its beauty dies. AT: "and it is no longer beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the rich man will fade away in the middle of his journey + +Here the flower simile is probably continued. As flowers do not die suddenly but instead fade away over a short time, so also the rich people may not die suddenly but instead take a little time to disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# in the middle of his journey + +A rich man's activities in daily life are spoken of as if they are a journey that he is making. This metaphor implies that he is giving no thought to his coming death, and that it will takes him by surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/12.md b/jas/01/12.md index 32568b4d15..39c410eee8 100644 --- a/jas/01/12.md +++ b/jas/01/12.md @@ -1,39 +1,39 @@ -## Blessed is the man ## +# Connecting Statement: -"happy is the person" +James reminds the believers who have fled that God does not cause temptation; he tells them how to avoid temptation. -## endures testing ## +# Blessed -"stays strong when troubles come" +"Fortunate" or "Well-off" -## passed the test ## +# endures testing -"remains strong through those troubles" +remains faithful to God during hardships -## he will receive ## +# passed the test -"God will give him" +he has been approved by God -## receive the crown of life ## +# receive the crown of life -"crown of life" is a figurative expression for God giving the person eternal life as his reward. AT: "receive his reward of eternal live". +Eternal life is spoken of as if it were a wreath of leaves placed on the head of a victorious athlete. AT: "receive eternal life as his reward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## has been promised to those who love God ## +# has been promised to those who love God -"God has promised the crown of life to those who love him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has promised to those who love him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## when he is tempted ## +# when he is tempted -"when he has the desire to do something evil" +"when he desires to do something evil" -## This temptation is from God ## +# I am tempted by God -"God is trying to make me do something evil" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God is trying to make me do something evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## God is not tempted by evil ## +# God is not tempted by evil -"God does not desire to do evil" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one can make God desire to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## God ... does not tempt anyone ## +# nor does he himself tempt anyone -"God does not try to make a person do something evil" \ No newline at end of file +"and God himself does not try to persuade anyone do evil" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/14.md b/jas/01/14.md index e450d6474b..269181a63a 100644 --- a/jas/01/14.md +++ b/jas/01/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Each person is tempted by his own evil desires ## +# each person is tempted by his own desire -The desires to do evil are inside each person. +A person's desire is spoken of as if it were someone else who was tempting him to sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## which entice and drag him ## +# which drags him away and entices him -"which evil desires trap and lead him." +Evil desire continues to be spoken of as if it were a person who could drag away someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## after sinful desires conceive, sin is born, and after sin is full grown it results in death. ## +# entices -"evil desires," "sin," and "death" are given human attributes. Here, "evil desires" are being described as a female lover who leads a man away to have sex. "Sin" is their baby. "Death" is when the baby becomes a full grown man. This also compares how evil desires give pleasure at first but that pleasure turns into sin in the person and eventually leads to both physical and spiritual death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +attracts, persuades someone to do evil -## Do not be deceived ## +# Then after the desire conceives, it gives birth to sin, and after the sin is full grown, it gives birth to death -"Do not let anyone deceive you" or "stop deceiving yourselves" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Desire continues to be spoken of as a person, this time clearly as a woman who becomes pregnant with a child. The child is identified as sin. Sin is another female baby that grows up, becomes pregnant, and gives birth to death. This chain of metaphors is a picture of someone who ends up dying both spiritually and physically because of his evil desires and his sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not be deceived + +"Do not let anyone deceive you" or "Stop deceiving yourselves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/17.md b/jas/01/17.md index bde0c7db20..5c15dbee18 100644 --- a/jas/01/17.md +++ b/jas/01/17.md @@ -1,35 +1,27 @@ -## Every good gift and every perfect gift ## +# Every good gift and every perfect gift These two phrases mean basically the same thing. James uses them to emphasize that anything good that a person has comes from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## from above ## +# the Father of lights -"from heaven" +God, the creator of all the lights in the sky (sun, moon, and stars), is said to be their "Father." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the Father of lights ## +# With him there is no changing or shadow because of turning -God is the creator of all the lights in the sky (sun, moon, and stars). +This expression pictures God as an unchanging light, like the sun, moon, planets, and stars in the sky. This is in contrast to shadows here on earth that constantly change. AT: "God does not change. He is as as constant as the sun, moon, and stars in the sky, rather than like shadows which appear and disappear on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## He does not change like shifting shadows ## +# to give us -This is a simile that compares the unchanging God being a constant light to the changing and moving lights in the sky (sun, moon, and stars). AT: "God does not change like shadows that appear and disappear." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The word "us" refers to James and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## to give us ## +# give us birth -The word "us" refers to James and his audience (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]). +God, who brought us eternal life, is spoken of as if he had given us birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## give us life ## +# the word of truth -"give us spiritual life" (UDB) +The true message of God. This is spoken of as if it were the means by which God "gave us birth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the word of truth ## +# a kind of firstfruits -"the Gospel" or "the teachings of Jesus" - -## like firstfruits ## - -James is emphasizing that just like the first fruit of a crop, his audience was among the first believers of what would be many believers in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -## among his creatures ## - -"among his people" \ No newline at end of file +James is using the traditional Hebrew idea of firstfruits as a way to describe the value of the Christian believers to God. He implies that there will be many more believers in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/19.md b/jas/01/19.md index d33ea36a41..3e1f83647a 100644 --- a/jas/01/19.md +++ b/jas/01/19.md @@ -1,31 +1,47 @@ -## You know this ## +# You know this -Possible meaning are 1) "know this" as a command to pay attention to what I am about to write or 2) "You know this" as a statement that I am about to remind you of something that you already know. +Possible meanings are 1) "Know this" as a command, to pay attention to what I am about to write or 2) "You know this" as a statement, that I am about to remind you of something that you already know. -## Every man must be swift to hear, slow to speak ## +# Let every man be quick to hear, slow to speak -People should first listen intently, and then consider carefully what they say. +These sayings are idioms that mean people should first listen intently, and then consider carefully what they say. Here "slow to speak" does not mean speaking slowly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## slow to anger ## +# slow to anger -"do not get angry easily" +"not get angry quickly" -## the anger of man does not work the righteousness of God ## +# the anger of man does not work the righteousness of God -When a person gets angry he does not behave the way God desires. +When a person is always angry, he cannot do God's work, which is righteous. -## put away all sinful filth and the evil ## +# take off all sinful filth and abundant amounts of evil -Here the words "sinful filth" and "evil" share similar meanings. James uses them to emphasize how bad sin is. AT: "stop doing every kind of sinful behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Sin and evil are spoken of here as if they were clothing that could be taken off. AT: "stop doing all filthy sins and stop doing abundant amounts of evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in humility ## +# take off all sinful filth and abundant amounts of evil -"without pride" or "without arrogance" +Here the expressions "sinful filth" and "evil" share similar meanings. James uses them to emphasize how bad sin is. AT: "stop doing every kind of sinful behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## receive the implanted word ## +# sinful filth -The word "implant" means to place one thing inside of another. This is a metaphor describing God's word as something planted inside of a person. AT: "obey the message God has spoken to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "filth," that is, dirt, stands for sin and evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## save your souls ## +# In humility -Here, the word "souls" is a synecdoche and refers to the entire person. Also, what a person is saved from can be made explicit. AT: "save you from God's judgment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Without pride" or "Without arrogance" + +# receive the implanted word + +The expression "implant" means to place one thing inside of another. Here God's word is spoken of as if it were a plant made to grow inside believers. AT: "obey the message God has spoken to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# receive the implanted word + +Here "word," that is, God's word, stands for the message of salvation in Christ Jesus that God speaks to believers. When they believe it, God saves them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# save your souls + +What a person is saved from can be made explicit. AT: "save you from God's judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your souls + +Here the word "souls" refers to persons.AT: "yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/22.md b/jas/01/22.md index f6375d0566..10c25e0afc 100644 --- a/jas/01/22.md +++ b/jas/01/22.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## Obey the word ## +# Be doers of the word -Obey the word of God" or "Obey God's message to you." +"Be people who obey what God commands" -## deceiving your own selves ## +# deceiving yourselves -"deceiving yourselves" or "fooling yourselves" +"fooling yourselves" -## For if anyone hears the word and does not do it, he is like a man examining his natural face in a mirror. ## +# For if anyone is a hearer of the word -James makes a comparison between a person who hears God word and does not obey it to a person who looks in the mirror then forgets what he looks like. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"For if anyone listens to the word" -## examining his natural face...and soon forgets ## +# but not a doer -the man looking at his face and soon forgetting what he saw is the like the man who hears the Word of God and forgets what he heard. +The word "is" and "of the word" are understood from the previous phrase. The noun "doer" can also be expressed with the verbs "do" or "obey." AT: "but is not a doer of the word" or "but does not obey the word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## the perfect law, the law of liberty ## +# he is like a man who examines his natural face in a mirror -"the perfect law that gives freedom" +A person who hears God's word is like someone who looks in the mirror. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## not just being a hearer who forgets ## +# his natural face -"not just listening and then forgetting it" +The word "natural" clarifies that James is using the ordinary meaning of the word "face." AT: "his face" -## this man will be blessed as he does it ## +# then goes away and immediately forgets what he was like -AT: "God will bless this man as he obeys the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that though he may see that he needs to do something, such as wash his face or fix his hair, he walks away and forgets to do it. This what a person who does not obey God's word is like. AT: "then goes away and immediately forgets to do what he saw he needed to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the person who looks carefully into the perfect law + +This expression continues the image of the law as a mirror. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the perfect law of freedom + +"the perfect law that allows people to be free" + +# this man will be blessed in his actions + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will bless this man as he obeys the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/26.md b/jas/01/26.md index 8c1fb64542..10208902ab 100644 --- a/jas/01/26.md +++ b/jas/01/26.md @@ -1,39 +1,39 @@ -## thinks himself to be religious ## +# thinks himself to be religious "thinks he worships God correctly" -## control his tongue ## +# his tongue -"tongue" is a metonym. AT: "what he says." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Controlling one's tongue stands for controlling one's speech. AT: "what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he deceives ## +# deceives -"fools" or "tricks" or "misleads" +"fools" or "misleads" -## his heart ## +# his heart -Here "heart" is a synecdoche meaning the whole person. AT: "himself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "heart" refers to his belief or thoughts. AT: "himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## his religion is vain ## +# his religion is worthless -"his worship is worthless" +"he worships God uselessly" -## Pure and undefiled religion before our God and Father is this ## +# pure and unspoiled -AT: "This is the kind of religion that God will accept" +James speaks of religion, the way one worships God, as if it could be physically pure and unspoiled. These are traditional ways for Jews to say that something is acceptable to God. AT: "Completely acceptable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Pure and undefiled ## +# before our God and Father -James expresses the same idea both positively and negatively to emphasize what true religion is like. AT: "Completely pure." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +directed to God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the fatherless ## +# the fatherless -"those who do not have a father" or "the orphans" +"the orphans" -## widows in their affliction ## +# in their affliction -the women who are suffering because their husbands have died +The fatherless and widows are suffering because their fathers or husbands have died. -## to protect oneself the world's corruption ## +# to keep oneself unstained by the world -To not allow the evil in the world to cause you to sin. \ No newline at end of file +Sin in the world is spoken of as something dirty that can stain a person. AT: "to not allow the evil in the world to cause oneself to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/intro.md b/jas/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..050205e167 --- /dev/null +++ b/jas/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# James 01 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +== Temptation and testing== +These two words have a lot of overlap in their meaning. The translator should be aware that there are some significant differences between the meaning of "temptation" here ([James 1:13](./12.md)) and God "testing" man ([Hebrews 11:17](../../heb/11/17.md)). + +##### Crowns ##### +Crowns are a significant image used in Scripture. There are several Greek words translated as "crowns" in English. The crown referenced here is a type of reward. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reward]]) + +##### Light ##### +Light is an important image used in Scripture. It is always used in a positive manner. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +James uses many metaphors in this chapter. They help to give his instructions a gentle, pastoral tone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "God is not tempted" ##### +This phrase can be difficult to understand in light of the fact that Jesus, true man and true God, was tempted in the wilderness. While Satan tried to tempt Jesus, he was not successful in persuading Jesus to sin. + +##### "To the twelve tribes in dispersion" ##### +It appears the author wrote this letter to Christians, but he also uses this phrase, which is more typically understood in reference to Jews. There is uncertainty as to its meaning. Since the author gives many practical instructions for holy living, it is likely that he is referring to Jews who are also Christians. When this letter was written the church was exclusively made up of Jews. + +## Links: ## + +* __[James 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[James intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/01.md b/jas/02/01.md index f57822d2f3..022450e6db 100644 --- a/jas/02/01.md +++ b/jas/02/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## my brothers ## +# Connecting Statement: -James considers his audience to be jewish believers. AT: "my fellow believers" or "my brothers and sisters in Christ". +James continues to tell the scattered Jewish believers how to live by loving one another and reminds them not to favor rich people over poor brothers. -## you trust our Lord ## +# My brothers -the word "our" includes James and his fellow believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +James considers his audience to be Jewish believers. AT: "My fellow believers" or "My brothers and sisters in Christ" -## by favoring certain people ## +# hold to faith in our Lord Jesus Christ -"giving special treatment" or "being nicer to" or "giving more honor to" +Believing in Jesus Christ is spoken of as if it were an object that one could hold onto. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## If someone… ## +# our Lord Jesus Christ -James starts a hypothetical situation that continues to the end of verse 4. He describes a situation where the believers might give more honor to a rich person than a poor person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +The word "our" includes James and his fellow believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## wearing gold rings and fine clothes ## +# favoritism toward certain people + +the desire to help some people more than others + +# Suppose that someone + +James starts to describe a situation where the believers might give more honor to a rich person than to a poor person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# wearing gold rings and fine clothes "dressed like a wealthy person" -## sit here in a nice place ## +# sit here in a good place -"sit in this place of honor" +sit in this place of honor -## stand over there or sit at my feet ## +# stand over there -"move to a dishonored place" +move to a place with less honor -## are you not making judgments among yourselves, and becoming judges with evil thoughts ## +# Sit at my feet -James is using a rhetorical question to teach and possibly scold his readers. AT: "You are making judgments among yourselves and becoming judges with evil thoughts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +move to a humble place + +# are you not judging among yourselves? Have you not become judges with evil thoughts? + +James is using rhetorical questions to teach and possibly scold his readers. AT: "you are making judgments among yourselves and becoming judges with evil thoughts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/05.md b/jas/02/05.md index dc183b9022..2b27012707 100644 --- a/jas/02/05.md +++ b/jas/02/05.md @@ -1,51 +1,55 @@ -## Listen my beloved brothers ## +# Listen, my beloved brothers James was exhorting his readers as family. "Pay attention, my dear fellow believers" -## did not God choose… ## +# did not God choose ... love him? -Here James uses a a rhetorical question to scold his readers. AT: "God has chosen…" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here James uses a rhetorical question to teach his readers not to show favoritism. It can be made a statement. AT: "God has chosen ... love him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## be rich in faith ## +# the poor -"have much faith." "rich" implies one has a lot of faith. The object of faith may have to be specified. AT: "have strong faith in Christ." +This refers to poor people in general. AT: "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## inherit the kingdom ## +# be rich in faith -"to enter the kingdom of Heaven which" +Having much faith is spoken of as being wealthy or rich. The object of faith may have to be specified. AT: "have strong faith in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## But you have ## +# heirs -James is speaking to his whole audience. ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## have dishonored the poor ## +# But you have -"do not value the poor" or "have treated the poor badly" +James is speaking to his whole audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Is it not the rich ## +# have dishonored the poor -Here James uses a a rhetorical question to scold his readers. AT: "It is the rich." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"you have shamed poor people" -## the rich ## +# Is it not the rich who oppress you? -"the rich people" (UDB) +Here James uses a rhetorical question to correct his readers. AT: "It is rich people who oppress you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## who oppress you ## +# the rich -"who dominate you" or "who treat you badly" +This refers to rich people in general. AT: "rich people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## are they not the ones ## +# who oppress you -Here James uses a a rhetorical question to scold his readers. AT: "They are the ones." +"who treat you badly" -## drag you into court ## +# Are they not the ones ... to court? -"forcibly take you to court to accuse you in front of judges"(UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here James uses a rhetorical question to correct his readers. It can be made a statement. AT: "The rich people are the ones ... to court." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do not the rich ## +# drag you to court -Here James uses a a rhetorical question to scold his readers. AT: "the rich" or "the rich people." +"forcibly take you to court to accuse you in front of judges" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the good name ## +# Do they not insult ... have been called? -"Christ's name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here James uses a rhetorical question to correct and teach his readers. It can be made a statement. AT: "The rich people insult ... have been called." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the good name by which you have been called + +This refers to Christ's name. AT: "the name of Christ who called you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/08.md b/jas/02/08.md index 66fa4e324a..910c84c528 100644 --- a/jas/02/08.md +++ b/jas/02/08.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## if you fulfill ## +# you fulfill -The word “you” refers to the Jewish Believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The word "you" refers to the Jewish believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## fulfill the royal law ## +# fulfill the royal law -God originally gave laws to Moses, recorded in the books of the Old Testament. AT: "obey God's law" or "obey the law of our great king." +"obey God's law." God originally gave laws to Moses, recorded in the books of the Old Testament. -## You shall love your neighbor as yourself ## +# You shall love your neighbor as yourself -(See: Leviticus [Leviticus 19:17](../../lev/19/17.md)) +James is quoting from the book of Leviticus. -## your neighbor ## +# your neighbor "all people" or "everyone" -## you do well ## +# you do well "you are doing well" or "you are doing what is right" -## if you favor ## +# if you favor "give special treatment to" or "give honor to" -## committing sin ## +# committing sin -That is, breaking the Law. AT: "sinning." +"sinning." That is, breaking the law. -## convicted by the law as lawbreakers ## +# convicted by the law as lawbreakers -Here the law has the attributes of a human judge. AT: "and guilty of breaking God's law". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the law is spoken of as if it were a human judge. AT: "guilty of breaking God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/10.md b/jas/02/10.md index 9caa42858e..beb5112f3d 100644 --- a/jas/02/10.md +++ b/jas/02/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## for whoever obeys ## +# For whoever obeys -"for anyone who obeys" +"For anyone who obeys" -## yet stumbles in … he has become ## +# except that he stumbles ... the whole law -As stumbling is falling down while one is trying to walk, so is disobeying one point of the law is being guilty of breaking the whole law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Stumbling is falling down while one is trying to walk. Disobeying one point of the law is spoken of as if it were stumbling while walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Do not commit… ## +# in just a single way -to "commit" is to do the action. +because of disobedience to just one requirement of the law -## …If you…But you…you have… ## +# For the one who said -Though James was writing to many Jewish believers, in this case he wrote as if he was writing to each person individually. AT: "each one of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to God, who gave the law to Moses. + +# Do not commit + +To "commit" is to do an action. + +# If you ... but if you ... you have + +Here "you" means "each one of you." Although James was writing to many Jewish believers, in this case, he used the singular form as if he was writing to each person individually. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/12.md b/jas/02/12.md index 98f11914d9..5eab6f0ccf 100644 --- a/jas/02/12.md +++ b/jas/02/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## So speak and obey... ## +# So speak and act -James commanded the people to do this. "So you must speak and obey...". +"So you must speak and obey." James commanded the people to do this. -## who are about to be judged by the law of liberty ## +# who will be judged by means of the law of freedom -"who know that the law of liberty will soon judge them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who know that God will judge them by means of the law of freedom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## by the law ## +# by means of the law -Here, the law is given the attributes of a human judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This passage implies that it is God who will judge according to his law. -## the law of liberty ## +# the law of freedom "the law that gives true freedom" -## mercy triumphs over ## +# Mercy triumphs over -"mercy is better than" or "mercy defeats" \ No newline at end of file +"Mercy is better than" or "Mercy defeats." Here mercy and justice are spoken of as if they were persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/14.md b/jas/02/14.md index 44bf4a772b..89f89d5343 100644 --- a/jas/02/14.md +++ b/jas/02/14.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## What good is it, my brothers, if someone say he has faith, but he has no works? ## +# Connecting Statement: + +James encourages the scattered believers to show their faith before others, just as Abraham showed others his faith by his works. + +# What good is it, my brothers, if someone says he has faith, but he has no works? James is using a rhetorical question to teach his audience. AT: "It is no good at all, fellow believers, if someone says he has faith, but he has no works." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## someone says he ## +# if someone says he has faith, but he has no works -James is indirectly quoting someone who is speaking. "He" refers to the someone who is speaking. ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +The can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "faith" and "works." AT: "if someone says he believes in God but he does not do what God commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Can that faith save him? ## +# Can that faith save him? -This is a rhetorical question used to teach James' audience. AT: "That kind of faith will not save him." +James is using a rhetorical question to teach his audience. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "faith." AT: "That faith cannot save him." or "If a person does not do what God commands, then just saying he believes in God will not save him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## save him ## +# save him "spare him from God's judgment" -## If a brother...what good is that? ## +# stay warm -Verses 15-16 are a rhetorical question used to teach James' audience. AT: "It is not good at all if a brother..." +This means either "have enough clothes to wear" or "have a place to sleep." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## brother or sister ## +# be filled -"brother or sister in Christ" +The thing that fills them is food. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "be filled with food" or "have enough to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## one of you says ## +# for the body -"you say" +to eat, to wear, and to live comfortably (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## is dead ## +# what good is that? -"is worthless." \ No newline at end of file +James uses a rhetorical question to teach his audience. AT: "that is not good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# brother or sister + +a fellow believer in Christ, whether male or female + +# faith by itself, if it does not have works, is dead + +James speaks of faith as if it were alive if one does good works, and of faith as if it were dead if one does not do good deeds. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "faith" and "works." AT: "a person who says he believes God, but does not do what God commands, does not really believe God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/18.md b/jas/02/18.md index 0a4f7a4c18..9101b98768 100644 --- a/jas/02/18.md +++ b/jas/02/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Yet someone will say ## +# Yet someone may say -James describes a hypothetical situation where someone objects to his teaching in 2:14-17. James names this person "foolish man" in verse 20. The purpose of this hypothetical discussion is to correct his audience's understanding of faith and works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +James describes a hypothetical situation where someone objects to his teaching. James seeks to correct his audience's understanding of faith and works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## "You have faith, and I have works. ## +# "You have faith, and I have works." Show me your faith without works, and I will show you my faith by my works -James is describing a likely objection someone may have to his teaching. AT: "it is acceptable if one person has faith and another person does good deeds." +James is describing how someone may argue against his teaching and how he would respond. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "faith" and "works." AT: "'It is acceptable that you believe God and that I do what God commands.' Prove to me that you can believe God and not do what he commands, and I will prove to you that I believe God by doing what he commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Show me your faith ## +# the demons believe that, and they tremble -the word "me" refers to James +"the demons also believe, but they shake with fear." James contrasts the demons with those who claim to believe and not do good deeds. James states that the demons are wiser because they fear God while the others do not. -## the demons also...tremble ## +# Do you want to know, foolish man, that faith without works is useless? -"shake with fear" +James uses this question to introduce the next part of his teaching. AT: "Listen to me, foolish man, and I will show that faith without works is useless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do you even want to know, O foolish man, that faith without works is useless? ## +# that faith without works is useless -This is a rhetorical question used to scold the person who will not listen to James. AT: "You fool! You do not even want to listen to me prove that faith without works is useless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "faith" and "works." AT: "that if you do not do what God commands, then it is useless for you to say that you believe in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/21.md b/jas/02/21.md index 073d2374c6..dc36950ead 100644 --- a/jas/02/21.md +++ b/jas/02/21.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## Was not Abraham our patriarch justified ## +# General Information: -This rhetorical question is used to rebut the foolish man's arguments from James [James 2:18](./18.md) who refuses to believe that faith and works go together. You could translate it as "Abraham our patriarch was certainly justified."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Since these are Jewish believers, they know the story of Abraham, about whom God had told them long ago in his word. -## You see that faith ## +# Was not Abraham our father justified ... on the altar? -The word "you" is singular referring to the hypothetical man. Yet James is addressing his whole audience through this one person. +This rhetorical question is used to rebut the foolish man's arguments from [James 2:18](./18.md), who refuses to believe that faith and works go together. AT: "Abraham our father was certainly justified ... on the altar." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## you see that faith ## +# justified by works -The word "see" is a metonym. It can be translated as "understand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). +James speaks of works as if they were objects that one can own. AT: "justified by doing good deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## by works his faith achieved its purpose ## +# father -"his actions made his faith complete" +Here "father" is used in the sense of "ancestor." -## The scripture was fulfilled ## +# You see -This is a passive which can be translated as "This fulfilled the scripture." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "you" is singular, referring to the hypothetical man. James is addressing his whole audience as if they were one person. -## it was credited to him as righteousness ## +# You see -"God regarded his faith as righteousness." +The word "see" is a metonym. AT: "You understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## You see that by works ## +# faith worked with his works, and that by works his faith was fully developed -James again addresses his audience directly by using the plural form of "you". +James speaks as if "faith" and "works" are things that can work together and help each other. AT: "because Abraham believed God, he did what God commanded. And because Abraham did what God commanded, he believed God completely" -## by works a man is justified ## +# The scripture was fulfilled -"actions and faith justify a person" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This fulfilled the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it was counted to him as righteousness + +"God regarded his faith as righteousness." Abraham's faith and righteousness were treated as if they were able to be counted as having value. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You see + +James again addresses his audience directly by using the plural form of "you." + +# it is by works that a man is justified, and not only by faith + +"actions and faith are what justify a person, and not only faith." James speaks of works as if they were objects to obtain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/25.md b/jas/02/25.md index c8babdff63..657f977876 100644 --- a/jas/02/25.md +++ b/jas/02/25.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## In like manner also ## +# In the same way also ... justified by works -"in like manner" is a way to introduce a similar concept. (See: en:ta:workbench:discourse:home) +James says that what was true of Abraham was also true of Rahab. Both were justified by works. -## was not Rahab the prostitute justified by works ## +# was not Rahab the prostitute justified by works ... another road? -James is using this rhetorical question to instruct his audience. It is also a passive sentence. It can be translates as " it was what Rahab the prostitute did that justified her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +James is using this rhetorical question to instruct his audience. AT: "it was what Rahab the prostitute did that justified her ... another road." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Rahab the prostitute ## +# Rahab the prostitute -"Rahab the prostitute" is an Old Testament story that James expected his audience would know. +James expected his audience to know the Old Testament story about the woman Rahab. -## welcomed the messengers ## +# justified by works -people who bring news from another place. +James speaks of works as something to possess. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## sent them away by another road ## +# messengers -"then helped them escape the city." +people who bring news from another place -## For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, likewise faith apart from works is dead. ## +# sent them away by another road -James is stating that the one who is not exercising works with their faith is just like a body that no longer has it's human spirit. both are dead and useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +"then helped them escape and leave the city" + +# For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, even so faith apart from works is dead + +James is speaking of faith without works as if it were a dead body without the spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/02/intro.md b/jas/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..98c6927368 --- /dev/null +++ b/jas/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# James 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Favoritism ##### +It is wrong to show favoritism in the church. There were people who showed special favor (favoritism) towards rich and powerful people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]) + +##### Justification ##### +Justification means "the process of declaring someone righteous." There are two types of justification. One is to be declared righteous in the opinion of God and one is to be declared righteous in the opinion of other people. A person is not justified according to God by their actions. Abraham was declared righteous according to God by his faith. He was declared righteous according to other people when his actions showed his faith, by being willing to offer up his son Isaac as a sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Quotation marks ##### +There is some controversy regarding where to place the quotation marks in James 2:18. The ULB states "Yet someone will say, 'You have faith, and I have works.' Show me your faith without works, and I will show you my faith by my works." It is also possible to translate this as "Yet someone will say, 'You have faith, and I have works. Show me your faith without works, and I will show you my faith by my works.'" The length of this hypothetical statement can have significant theological implications. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[James 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/01.md b/jas/03/01.md index f895d2c428..32d378a331 100644 --- a/jas/03/01.md +++ b/jas/03/01.md @@ -1,39 +1,35 @@ -## many of you ## +# Not many of you -The word "you" refers to James' audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]). +James is making a generalized statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## my brothers ## +# my brothers "my fellow believers" -## knowing that ## +# we who teach will be judged more strictly -"because" +This passage speaks of stricter judgment that will come from God on those who teach others about him. AT: "God will judge us who teach more severely because we know his word better than some people whom we have taught" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## we will receive greater judgment ## +# we who teach -The reason God will judge teachers can be translated with additional explicit information as "God will judge us more severely because we have no excuses when we sin since we know and understand his word better than other people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +James includes himself and other teachers, but not the readers, so the word "we" is exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## we will receive ## +# we all stumble -James is grouping those who teach the scriptures with him. Though some of the believers who would receive this letter would be teachers of the scripture, most would not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +James speaks of himself, other teachers, and the readers, so the word "we" is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## For we all stumble ## +# stumble -James is back to including all of his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Sinning is spoken of as if it were stumbling while walking. AT: "fail" or "sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## stumble in various ways ## +# does not stumble in words -This is a metaphor which compares a person's moral failures to a person falling down as he walks down a road. This could be translated as "fail" or "sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"does not sin by saying wrong things" -## does not stumble in his words ## - -"does not sin in the words he speaks" - -## he is a perfect man ## +# he is a perfect man "he is spiritually mature" -## control his whole body ## +# control even his whole body -James is referring to his heart, emotions, his actions. It can be translated as " control his behavior" or "control his action." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +James is referring to one's heart, emotions, and actions. AT: "control his behavior" or "control his actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/03.md b/jas/03/03.md index d2e27ca7fe..fa32a24582 100644 --- a/jas/03/03.md +++ b/jas/03/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Now if we put the horses' bits ## +# General Information: -James compares a person's tongue to a bit. A bit is a small piece of metal that is placed in a horse's mouth to control where it goes. This describes how small things can have power over something bigger. James is showing that what people say affects their lives and the lives of everyone they know. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +James is developing an argument that small things can control big things. -## Now if ## +# Now if we put bits into horses' mouths -"if" or "when" +James speaks about horses' bits. A bit is a small piece of metal that is placed into a horse's mouth to control where it goes. -## if we put the horses' bits into their mouths ## +# Now if -A "horse" is a large animal used to carry things. This could be translated as "if we put bits into horses' mouths." +"If" or "When" -## Notice also that ships…are steered by a very small rudder ## +# horses -Next, James compares a person's tongue with a rudder on a ship. A "ship" is like a truck that floats on water. A "rudder" is a small piece of wood or metal at the back of the ship used to control where it goes. The word "rudder" could also be translated as "tool." James is making the same point as he was with the horse's bit. A small thing can have power over something much bigger. +A horse is a large animal used to carry things or people. -## they are so large ## +# Notice also that ships ... are steered by a very small rudder -The word "they" refers to the ships. +A ship is like a truck that floats on water. A rudder is a flat piece of wood or metal at the back of the ship, used to control where it goes. The word "rudder" could also be translated as "tool." -## are driven by strong winds ## +# are driven by strong winds, -This can be translated with an active verb: "strong winds push them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "strong winds push them, they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## are steered by a very small rudder wherever the pilot desires to turn ## +# are steered by a very small rudder to wherever the pilot desires -This can be translated with an active verb: "have a small tool that a person can use to control where the ship goes" \ No newline at end of file +"have a small tool that a person can use to control where the ship goes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/05.md b/jas/03/05.md index 242377c7e1..bfe875dd73 100644 --- a/jas/03/05.md +++ b/jas/03/05.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## Likewise ## +# Likewise -"In the same way." This compares the tongue to the horses' bits and the ships' rudders in the previous verses. +This word signals the analogy of the tongue to the horses' bits and the ships' rudders mentioned in the previous verses. AT: "In the same way" -## boasts great things ## +# boasts great things -"a person can use it to speak very evil things" +Here "things" is a general word for everything about which these people are proud. -## Notice how great ## +# Notice also -"Think about how great" +"Think about" -## how great a forest is kindled by a spark! ## +# how small a fire sets on fire a large forest -This can be translated as an active clause: "a small flame can start a fire that burns many trees!" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +In order to help people understand the harm that the tongue can cause, James speaks of the harm that a small flame can cause. AT: "how a small flame can start a fire that burns many trees" -## tongue is also a fire ## +# The tongue is also a fire -Just as a fire consumes and destroys all it burns, the tongue, referring to what a person says (metonymy) can deeply hurt people (metaphor). Alternate translation: "the tongue is like a fire." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The tongue is a metonym for what people say. James calls it a fire because of the great damage it can do. AT: "The tongue is like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a world of sinfulness set among our body parts ## +# a world of sinfulness set among our body parts -Alternate translation: "It is a small part of our body but it is capable of sinning in all kinds of ways." +The enormous effects of sinful speaking are spoken of as if they were a world by themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## which defiles the whole body ## +# It stains the whole body -This can be translated as a new sentence. "It can make us completely unpleasing to God" or "It can make us unacceptable to God." +Sinful speaking is spoken of metaphorically as if it stained one's body. And becoming unacceptable to God is spoken of as if it were dirt on the body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and sets on fire the road of life ## +# sets on fire the course of life -The phrase "road of life" is a metaphor that refers to a person's entire life. This could be translated as "and it can ruin a person's entire life." +The phrase "course of life" refers to a person's entire life. AT: "it ruins a person's entire life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and itself is set on fire by hell ## +# life. It is itself set on fire by hell -The word "itself" refers to the tongue. Also, here "hell" is a metonym that refers to the powers of evil or to the Devil. This could be translated as an active clause: "because the Devil uses it for evil." \ No newline at end of file +The word "itself" refers to the tongue. Also, here "hell" refers to the powers of evil or to the devil. This can be stated in active form. AT: "life because the devil uses it for evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/07.md b/jas/03/07.md index f8a73afe5a..8118cf2310 100644 --- a/jas/03/07.md +++ b/jas/03/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Every kind of wild animal, bird, reptile, and sea creature is being tamed and has been tamed by mankind ## +# For every kind of ... mankind -The phrase "every kind" is a hyperbole that means "many kinds." This can be translated as an active clause: "People have learned to control many kinds of wild animals, birds, reptiles, and sea creatures." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The phrase "every kind" is a general statement referring to all or many kinds of wild animals. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People have learned to control many kinds of wild animals, birds, reptiles, and sea creatures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## reptile ## +# reptile This is an animal that crawls on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## sea creature ## +# sea creature -This is an animal that lives in water. +an animal that lives in the sea -## no one among man is able to tame the tongue ## +# But no human being can tame the tongue -Here, the word "tongue" is a metonym that refers to what a person says. The full meaning can be stated explicitly: "no person without God's help can control the tongue." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +James speaks of the tongue as if it were a wild animal. Here "tongue" represents a person's desire to speak evil thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## restless evil, full of deadly poison ## +# It is a restless evil, full of deadly poison -This is a metaphor which describes how a person can use their spoken words to hurt someone. It can be translated as "like an evil creature that never sleeps and it is ready to attack." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +James speaks of the harm that people can cause by what they say as if the tongue were an evil and poisonous creature that can kill people. AT: "It is like a restless and evil creature, full of deadly poison" or "It is like a restless and evil creature that can kill people with its venom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/09.md b/jas/03/09.md index 8adf6d8122..4d861ae202 100644 --- a/jas/03/09.md +++ b/jas/03/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## By the tongue we ## +# With it we -"We use our tongues to say words that" +"We use the tongue to say words that" -## by it we ## +# we curse men -"we use it to say words that" +"we ask God to harm men" -## we curse men ## +# who have been made in God's likeness -To ask God to harm others (UDB). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God made in his likeness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## who have been made in God's image ## +# Out of the same mouth come blessing and cursing -"whom God made in his image" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The nouns "blessing" and "cursing" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "With the same mouth, a person blesses people and curses people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Out of the same mouth is spoken ## +# My brothers -"The same mouth speaks both" +"Fellow Christians" -## My brothers ## +# these things should not happen -"fellow Christians" - -## these things should not be ## - -"this is wrong" \ No newline at end of file +"these things are wrong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/11.md b/jas/03/11.md index e8c0fe4973..349e8eb1f4 100644 --- a/jas/03/11.md +++ b/jas/03/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -After James stressed that our speech should not both bless and curse, he give examples from nature that do not do both. +# Connecting Statement: -## Does a spring pour out both fresh and bitter water? ## +After James stresses that the words of believers should not both bless and curse, he gives examples from nature to teach his readers that people who honor God by worshiping him should also live in right ways. -James is using a rhetorical question to teach the readers about the logical order of nature. Alternate translation: "A spring does not pour out both fresh and bitter water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Does a spring pour out from its opening both sweet and bitter water? -## brothers ## +James uses a rhetorical question to remind believers about what happens in nature. This can be expressed as a sentence. AT: "You know that a spring does not pour out both sweet water and bitter water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Does a fig tree, my brothers, make olives? + +James uses another rhetorical question to remind the believers about what happens in nature. AT: "Brothers, you know that a fig tree cannot grow olives." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# brothers "fellow believers" -## can a fig tree grow olives, or a grapevine grow figs? ## +# Or a grapevine, figs? -James uses another rhetorical question to teach the readers about the logical order of nature. Alternate translation: "a fig tree cannot grow olives, nor can a grapevine grow figs." \ No newline at end of file +The word "make" is understood from the previous phrase. James uses another rhetorical question to remind the believers about what happens in nature. AT: "Or does a grapevine make figs?" or "And a grapevine cannot grow figs." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/13.md b/jas/03/13.md index 61baeb6d7b..0d7c4a5281 100644 --- a/jas/03/13.md +++ b/jas/03/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Who among you is wise and understanding? Let that person ## +# Who is wise and understanding among you? -James uses this question to teach his audience about proper behavior. The words "wise" and "understanding" mean basically the same thing. AT: "The person who thinks he is wise should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +James uses this question to teach his audience about proper behavior. The words "wise" and "understanding" are similar. AT: "I will tell you how a wise and understanding person is to act." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## demonstrate a good life ## +# Let that person show a good life by his works in the humility of wisdom -"show good behavior" or "show it" +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "humility" and "wisdom." AT: "That person should live a good life by doing the kind of deeds that come from being humble and wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## by his works in the humility that comes from wisdom ## +# if you have bitter jealousy and ambition in your heart -"with his good deeds and humility that comes from having true wisdom" +The word "heart" refers to emotions or thoughts. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "jealousy" and "ambition." AT: "if you are jealous and selfish" or "if you desire what other people have and you want to succeed even if it harms others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## have bitter jealousy and selfish ambition in your heart ## +# do not boast and lie against the truth -"heart" refers to emotions or thoughts. Alternative translation: "will not share with others and you always put yourself first." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## do not boast and lie against the truth ## - -"do not lie about it and act like your are wise." \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "truth" can be stated as "true." AT: "do not boast that you are wise, because that is not true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/15.md b/jas/03/15.md index 235bd30003..09af23f3e3 100644 --- a/jas/03/15.md +++ b/jas/03/15.md @@ -1,55 +1,55 @@ -## This is not ## +# This is not the wisdom that comes down from above -This refers to the unwise envy and selfish ambition described in the previous verses. +Here "This" refers to the "bitter jealousy and strife" described in the previous verses. The phrase "from above" is a metonym that represents "heaven" which represents God himself. AT: "This is not the kind of wisdom that God teaches us from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## comes down from above ## +# This is not the wisdom that comes down from above. Instead, it is earthly, unspiritual, demonic -"comes down from God" or "comes down from Heaven" +The abstract noun "wisdom" can be stated as "wise." - AT: "Whoever acts like this is not wise according to what God in heaven teaches us. Instead this person is earthly, unspiritual, and demonic" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## is earthly ## +# earthly -The word "earthly" refers to the values and behaviors of the people who do not honor God. Alternate translation: "not honoring to God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "earthly" refers to the values and behaviors of the people who do not honor God. AT: "not honoring to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## unspiritual ## +# unspiritual "not from the Holy Spirit" or "not spiritual" -## demonic ## +# demonic -"but is from demons" +"from demons" -## For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist ## +# For where there are jealousy and ambition, there is confusion and every evil practice -"For wherever there are people who only care about themselves and not others" +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "jealousy," "ambition," and "confusion." AT: "For when people are jealous and selfish, this causes them to act in disorderly and evil ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## there is confusion ## +# there is confusion -"There is disorder" or "there is chaos" +"there is disorder" or "there is chaos" -## every vile practice ## +# every evil practice "every kind of sinful behavior" or "every kind of wicked deed" -## is first pure ## +# But the wisdom from above is first pure + +Here "from above" is metonym that represents "heaven" which represents God himself. The abstract noun "wisdom" can be stated as "wise." AT: "But when a person is wise according to what God in heaven teaches, he acts in ways that are first pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# is first pure "is first holy" -## then peace-loving ## +# good fruits -loving** - "then peaceful" +Good works are spoken of as if they were fruit on trees. AT: "good works" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## warm-hearted ## - -hearted** - "kind" or "thoughtful" - -## and good fruit ## - -This is a comparison of good fruit is liken to one who does good works. Alternated translation: "good works." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## sincere ## +# sincere "honest" or "truthful" -## And the fruit of righteousness is planted in peace for those who make peace. ## +# The fruit of righteousness is sown in peace among those who make peace -This metaphor compares peace and righteousness in our lives to planting and harvesting crops. Alternate Translation: "Those who live in peace are doing what God says is right." \ No newline at end of file +The good results of righteousness are spoken of as if they were crops that had been sown by farmers. AT: "Those who live in peace are doing what God says is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# make peace + +"live in peace." The abstract noun "peace" can be stated as "peacefully." AT: "cause people to live peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/03/intro.md b/jas/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..40712391ab --- /dev/null +++ b/jas/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# James 03 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +The author uses many different metaphors to convict his readers and to encourage them to display godliness by the way they speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Implicit information ##### +What a person says can reveal his spiritual state. This is because his speech can be heard by other people. If a person is unable to control his actions when he is seen by others, he will not be able to control his actions when no one is looking. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[James 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/04/01.md b/jas/04/01.md index 69815a9e01..68d0b647aa 100644 --- a/jas/04/01.md +++ b/jas/04/01.md @@ -1,43 +1,35 @@ -## Where does the quarreling and disputing among yourselves come from? ## +# Connecting Statement: -This is a rhetorical question that James uses to teach and rebuke his audience. AT: "I know why you are constantly arguing with each other." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +James rebukes these believers for their worldliness and their lack of humility. He again urges them to watch how they speak to and about each other. -## quarreling and disputing ## +# General Information: -The words "quarreling" and "disputing" mean basically the same thing. James uses them to emphasize that he is speaking of any kind of conflict between people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +In this section, the words "yourselves," "your," and "you" are plural and refer to the believers to whom James writes. -## yourselves…your…you ## +# Where do quarrels and disputes among you come from? -In 4:1-3 these pronouns are plural and refers to James' audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The abstract nouns "quarrels" and "disputes" mean basically the same thing and can be translated with verbs. AT: "Why do you quarrel and dispute among yourselves?" or "Why do you fight among yourselves?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Does it not arise out of your evil desires ## +# Do they not come from your desires that fight among your members? -This is a rhetorical question which James uses to rebuke his audience. It can be translated as a statement: "It arises out of your evil desires" or "It is because of your evil desires." +James uses this question to rebuke his audience. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "They come from your evil desires for things, desires that fight among your members." or "They come from your desires for evil things, desires that fight among your members." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## evil desires that war ## +# Do they not come from your desires that fight among your members? -Here James personifies "evil desires" as a soldier that fights against the believers. It can be translated as "the things you want are evil and you do not care about the needs of other believers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +James speaks of desires as they were enemies who waged war against the believers. In reality, of course, it is the people who have these desires who fight among themselves. AT: "They come from your desires for evil things, by which you end up harming each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## among your fellow believers? ## +# among your members -"in your members." Possible meanings are 1) There is fighting among the local believers or 2) The fighting is internal, between your desire to do evil and good. +Possible meanings are 1) there is fighting among the local believers, or 2) the fighting, that is, the conflict, is inside each believer. -## You desire what you do not have ## +# You kill and covet, and you are not able to obtain -"You always want what you do not have." +The phrase "You kill" expresses how badly the people behave in order to get what they want. It can be translated as "You do all kinds of evil things to get what you cannot have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## You kill and you chase ## +# You fight and quarrel -"You kill" is a hyperbole to emphasize how badly they behave in order to get what they want. It can be translated as "You do all kinds of evil things to get what you cannot have." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +The words "fight" and "quarrel" mean basically the same thing. James uses them to emphasize how much the people argue among themselves. AT: "You constantly fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## You fight and quarrel ## +# you ask badly -The word "fight" and "quarrel" mean basically the same thing. James uses them to emphasize how much the people argue among themselves. AT: "You constantly fight." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -## you ask for bad things ## - -"you asked badly (wrongly)." Possible meanings are 1) "you ask with wrong motives, your attitudes are bad" or 2) "you are asking for wrong or bad things." - -## spend them ## - -"waste them" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "you ask with wrong motives" or "you ask with bad attitudes" or 2) "you are asking for wrong things" or "you are asking for bad things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/04/04.md b/jas/04/04.md index 131d2d76f2..c9a4fba7d2 100644 --- a/jas/04/04.md +++ b/jas/04/04.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## You adulteresses! ## +# You adulteresses! -This is a metaphor that compares believers who do not obey God with a wife who has sex with a man that is not her husband. This could be translated as "You are not being loyal to God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +James speaks of believers as being like wives who sleep with men other than their husbands. AT: "You are not being faithful to God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Don't you know ## +# Do you not know ... God? -This is a rhetorical question that James uses to teach his audience. Alternate translation: "You know." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +James uses this question to teach his audience. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know ... God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## friendship with the world ## +# friendship with the world -"friendship with the world" refers to identify with or participate in the world's value system and behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). +This phrase refers to identifying with or participating in the world's value system and behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). -## is hostility against God ## +# friendship with the world -To be part of the world's value system is to be against God. Alternated translation: "to act like those who dishonor God is to be someone who opposes God." +Here the world's value system is spoken of as if it were a person that others could be friends with. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## to be a friend of the world ## +# friendship with the world is hostility against God -"to act like those who dishonor God" +One who is friends with the world is an enemy of God. Here "friendship with the world" stands for being friends with the world, and "hostility against God" stands for being hostile against God. AT: "friends of the world are enemies of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Or do you think the scripture is useless ## +# Or do you think the scripture says in vain -This is a rhetorical question James uses to exhort his audience. It can be translated as a statement: "Scripture is true." +This is a rhetorical question James uses to exhort his audience. To speak in vain is to speak uselessly. AT: "There is a reason that scripture says" -## the spirit God placed in us is now filled with deep longing ## +# The Spirit he caused to live in us -There are several issues that are not clear in this verse. Is "spirit" the Holy Spirit or a human spirit? Does God or the spirit have the "deep longing"? Is the "deep longing" good or evil? Does the rhetorical question expect a "yes" or "no" answer? This uncertainty results in at least five possible meanings: 1) "yes, God deeply longs for the human spirit he put in us" or 2) "yes, God deeply longs for the Holy Spirit he place in us" or 3) "yes, the human spirit that God placed in us has evil desires" or 4) "yes, the Holy Spirit that God placed in us deeply longs for us" or 5) "no, the Holy Spirit that God placed in us is not jealous." We suggest that you use the meaning that is presented in other translations used by your readers. \ No newline at end of file +Some versions, including the ULB and UDB, understand this as a reference to the Holy Spirit. Other versions translate this as "the spirit" and mean by it the human spirit that each person has been created to have. We suggest that you use the meaning that is presented in other translations used by your readers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/04/06.md b/jas/04/06.md index 8f5307cd97..0669b6e78f 100644 --- a/jas/04/06.md +++ b/jas/04/06.md @@ -1,35 +1,31 @@ -## But God gives even more grace ## +# But God gives more grace -How this phrase relates to 4:5 can be made explicit: "But, even though our spirits may desire what we cannot have, God gives us even more grace, if we will humble ourselves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +How this phrase relates to the previous verse can be made explicit: "But, even though our spirits may desire what we cannot have, God gives us even more grace, if we will humble ourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## God resists ## +# the proud -"God opposes" +This refers to proud people in general. AT: "proud people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## the proud ## +# the humble -"proud people" +This refers to humble people in general. AT: "humble people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## the humble ## +# So -"humble people." +"Because of this," -## Therefore ## +# submit to God -"Because of this" +"obey God" -## subject yourself to God ## +# Resist the devil -"submit yourself to God." This could also be translated as "obey God." +"Oppose the devil" or "Do not do what the devil wants" -## yourself…you ## +# he will flee -Here these pronouns are plural and refer to James' audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"he will run away" -## resist the devil ## +# you -"oppose the devil." This could also be translated as "do not do what the devil wants." - -## he will flee ## - -"the devil will run away" \ No newline at end of file +Here this pronoun is plural and refers to James' audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/04/08.md b/jas/04/08.md index cbf0627e1b..494742a82e 100644 --- a/jas/04/08.md +++ b/jas/04/08.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## near to You… ## +# General Information: -The word "you" refers to James' audience. But more specifically those who were proud of spirit as a call to repentance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The word "you" here is plural and refers to the scattered believers to whom James writes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you doubleminded ## +# Come close to God -The phrase "Cleanse you hands" is stated another way as "purify your hearts" and "you sinners" is restated as "you doubleminded." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here the idea of coming close stands for becoming honest and open with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Cleanse your hands ## +# Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded -Possible meanings are 1) for a person clean up their behavior or actions or 2) for a person to repent and confess their sinful behavior or actions. It could be translated as "behave in a way that honors God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These are two phrases in parallel with each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## purify your hearts ## +# Cleanse your hands -Here, "hearts" is a metonym that refers to a person's thoughts and emotions. This could be translated as "let your thoughts honor God." +This expression is a command for people to do righteous acts instead of unrighteous acts. AT: "Behave in a way that honors God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## doubleminded ## +# purify your hearts -The word "doubleminded" is a metonym that refers to a person's thoughts when he is unable to make a decision. Here it can be also translated as "doubleminded people" or "people who cannot decide if you want to obey God or not." +Here "hearts" refers to a person's thoughts and emotions. AT: "honor God with your thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Grieve and mourn and cry ## +# double-minded -The words "Grieve" and "mourn" mean basically the same thing. James uses them together to emphasize that the people should grieve deeply. The word "cry" shows that the people are grieving. AT: "Grieve deeply and cry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The word "double-minded" refers to a person who cannot make a firm decision about something. AT: "double-minded people" or "people who cannot decide if you want to obey God or not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Turn your laughter into sorrow and your joy to gloom ## +# Grieve, mourn, and cry -This is saying the same thing in different ways for emphasis. This could be translated as "Immediately, stop all your laughing and start telling God you are sorry." +These three words have similar meanings. James uses them together to emphasize that the people should be truly sorry for not obeying God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## Humble yourselves before the Lord - ## +# Let your laughter turn into sadness and your joy into gloom -** "Be humble toward God" +This is saying the same thing in different ways for emphasis. The abstract nouns "laughter," "sadness," "joy," and "gloom" can be translated as verbs or adjectives. AT: "Stop laughing and be sad. Stop being joyful and be gloomy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## he will lift you up ## +# Humble yourselves before the Lord -This is an idiom that can be translated as "he will give you honor." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Be humble toward God." Actions done with God in mind are often spoken of as being done in his physical presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will lift you up + +James indicates that God will honor the humble person by saying God will pick that person up off the ground physically from where that person had prostrated himself in humility. AT: "he will honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/04/11.md b/jas/04/11.md index 0a3579173d..fbd8e05e0e 100644 --- a/jas/04/11.md +++ b/jas/04/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## speak against ## +# General Information: + +The words "you" and "your" in this section refer to the believers to whom James writes. + +# speak against "speak badly about" or "oppose" -## brothers ## +# brothers -"fellow believers" +James speaks of the believers as if they are biological brothers. The term here includes women as well as men. AT: "fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## you…your ## +# but a judge -In 4:11-12 these pronouns are plural and refer to James' audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"but you are acting like the person who gives the law" -## but are a judge of it ## +# Only one is the lawgiver and judge -This could be translated as "but you are acting like the person who gives the law." +This refers to God. "God is the only one who gives laws and judges people" -## Only one is the lawgiver and judge, God, the one ## +# Who are you, you who judge your neighbor? -"God is the only one who gives laws and judges people, because he is the only one" - -## Who are you who judge your neighbor? ## - -This is a rhetorical question James uses to scold his audience. It could be translated as a statement: "You are just a human and cannot judge another human." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a rhetorical question James uses to scold his audience. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "You are just a human and cannot judge another human." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/04/13.md b/jas/04/13.md index dd31216c1d..3f9d480e0a 100644 --- a/jas/04/13.md +++ b/jas/04/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## spend a year ## +# spend a year there -This is an idiom that can be translated as "stay there for a year." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +James speaks of spending time as if it were money. "stay there for a year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Listen, you who say - ## +# Who knows what will happen tomorrow, and what is your life? -** "Someone might say" +James uses these questions to correct his audience and to teach these believers that physical life is not that important. They can be expressed as statements. AT: "No one knows what will happen tomorrow, and your life does not last very long!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Who knows what will happen tomorrow ## +# For you are a mist that appears for a little while and then disappears -This is a rhetorical question that James uses to scold his audience. It can be translated as a statement: "No one knows what will happen tomorrow." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## and what is your life anyway ## - -This is a rhetorical question that James uses to teach his audience about physical life. It can be translated as a statement and as a new sentence: "Think about your physical lives." - -## For you are like a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes. ## - -This is a simile that compares how quickly physical lives are quickly end to a mist that appears then quickly goes away. This could be translated as "You live for only a short amount of time, and you do not know when you will die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +James speaks of people as if they were a mist that appears and then quickly goes away. AT: "You live for only a short amount of time, and then you die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/04/15.md b/jas/04/15.md index 80df23c5f3..c36c622e61 100644 --- a/jas/04/15.md +++ b/jas/04/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## we will live ## +# Instead, you should say -the word "We" does not directly refer James or his Audience but as an example of how Jame's audience should behave. +"Instead, your attitude should be" -## we will do this or that ## +# we will live and do this or that -This could be translated as "do what we have planned to do." +"we will live long enough to do what we have planned to do." The word "we" does not directly refer to James or his audience but is part of the example of how James' audience should consider the future. -## to him who knows ## +# for anyone who knows to do good but does not do it, for him it is sin -James is not addressing anyone directly by the word "him", but to anyone who is to do good but does not. \ No newline at end of file +Anyone who fails to do the good he knows he should do is guilty of sin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/04/intro.md b/jas/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..df37d9c286 --- /dev/null +++ b/jas/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# James 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Adultery ##### +Adultery is a common metaphor in Scripture. It is always used negatively and indicates a child of God is acting in an ungodly manner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]) + +##### Law ##### +It is unclear whether this is a reference to the law of Moses. It is probably a reference to the "law" of God in general. This is the general standard of righteousness based on the character of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +James uses many rhetorical questions to teach his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The humble" ##### +This is probably not a reference to those who act humbly, but a reference to those who humble themselves and trust in Jesus for their salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/salvation]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[James 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/01.md b/jas/05/01.md index 5052c06824..8420ee1ce4 100644 --- a/jas/05/01.md +++ b/jas/05/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ -## you who are rich - ## +# Connecting Statement: -** This is not the rich group of believers as in 1:10. Here, James is talking to rich people who do not honor God. This can be made explicit: "you who are rich and do not honor God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +James warns rich people about their focus on pleasure and riches. -## the miseries coming upon you ## +# you who are rich -When this is coming upon the rich people can be made explict: "the terrible things coming to you when God judges everyone." +Possible meanings are 1) James is giving a strong warning to wealthy believers or 2) James is talking about wealthy unbelievers. AT: "you who are rich and say you honor God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Your riches have rotted and your clothes are moth-eaten. Your gold and your silver have become worthless ## +# because of the miseries coming on you -eaten. Your gold and your silver have become worthless** - James does not mean these riches and clothes are already ruined physically. He is showing they have no spiritual value in the present and they will certainly only last for a little while. This could be translated as "all the things you thought were valuable and made you important are worthless and will only last for a little while." +James states that these people will suffer terribly in the future and writes as if their sufferings were objects that were coming toward them. The abstract noun "miseries" can be translated as a verb. AT: "because you will suffer terribly in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## and their corrosion will testify against you ## +# Your riches have rotted, and your clothes have become moth-eaten. Your gold and your silver have become tarnished -Here, "will testify against your" describes these ruined treasures as a person who goes before a judge and accuses a person of breaking the law. This could be translated as "and when God judges you all of your ruined treasures will be like a person accusing you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Earthly riches do not last nor do they have any eternal value. James speaks of these events as if they had already happened. AT: "Your riches will rot, and your clothes will be eaten by moths. Your gold and silver will become tarnished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## and consume your flesh like fire ## +# riches ... clothes ... gold ... silver -Here, the ruined treasures are compared to a fire that destroys everything. Also, "fire" is a metaphor that refers to God's punishment. This could be translated as "and they will be the reason God punishes you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These things are mentioned as examples of things that are valuable to wealthy people. -## hoarded your treasure ## +# have become tarnished ... their rust -"you have kept all these treasures to yourself and would not share with others" +These phrases are used here to describe how gold and silver are ruined. AT: "are ruined ... their ruined condition" or "are corroded ... their corrosion" -## in the last days ## +# their rust will be a witness against you. It -This is a metonym that refers to the time right before God comes to judge all people. This could be translated as "when God is about to judge you" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +James wrote of their valuable things being ruined as if they were a person in a courtroom accusing the wicked of their crimes. AT: "and when God judges you, your ruined treasures will be like someone who accuses you in court. Their corrosion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] ) + +# will consume ... like fire + +Here the corrosion is spoken of as if it were a fire that will burn up their owners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your flesh + +Here "flesh" stands for the physical body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fire + +The idea of fire here is meant to lead people to remember that fire often stands for God's punishment that will come on all the wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the last days + +This refers to the time right before God comes to judge all people. The wicked think they are storing up riches for the future, but what they are doing is storing up judgment. AT: "for when God is about to judge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/04.md b/jas/05/04.md index 78a58960ed..4f0a932ea0 100644 --- a/jas/05/04.md +++ b/jas/05/04.md @@ -1,37 +1,35 @@ -James continues his rebuke towards the Rich Jews who think they are believers but are not acting as true believers. +# Connecting Statement: -## Look ## +James continues to warn rich people about thier focus on pleasure and riches. -The word “look” here adds emphasis to what follows. This could be translated as "Think about this." +# the pay of the laborers is crying out—the pay that you have withheld from those who harvested your fields -## the pay of the laborers…cries out ## +The money that should have been paid is spoken of as a person who is shouting because of the injustice done to him. AT: "the fact that you did not pay those you hired to work in your fields shows that you have done wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -Here, "the pay" is referred to as a person who cries out. This could be translated as "the laborers…cry out." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# the cries of the harvesters have gone into the ears of the Lord of hosts -## the pay of the laborers...cries out! ## +The shouts of the harvesters are spoken of as if they could be heard in heaven. AT: "the Lord of hosts has heard the cries of the harvesters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Alternate translation: "you have not paid the laborer who harvested your fields and they cry out for their pay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-order]]) +# into the ears of the Lord of hosts -## And the cries of the reapers have reached the ears of the Lord of Armies. ## +God is spoken of as if he had ears as humans have. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This can be translated as "And the Lord of Armies have heard the cries of the reapers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# You have fattened your hearts for a day of slaughter -## the ears of the Lord of Armies ## +Here people are viewed as if they were cattle, luxuriously fed on grain so they would become fattened to be slaughtered for a feast. However, no one will feast at the time of judgment. AT: "Your greed has only prepared you for harsh eternal judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -James use the phrase "the ears" to refer to the Lord. This can be translated as "The Almighty Lord has heard the cries of the reapers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# your hearts -## You have lived in luxury on the earth and indulged yourselves ## +The "heart" was considered to be the center of human desire, and here stands for the entire person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"You have more money and possessions than anyone could ever need." +# You have condemned ... the righteous person -## You have fattened your hearts for a day of slaughter ## +This is probably not "condemned" in the legal sense of a judge passing a sentence of death on a criminal. Instead, it probably refers to the wicked and powerful people who decide to mistreat the poor until they die. -This compares the rich person's greed and desire for more things to a cow that eats until it is fat enough to be killed for food. This could be translated as: "Your greed has only prepared you for harsh eternal judgment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# the righteous person. He does not -## the righteous man ## +"the people who do what is right. They do not." Here "the righteous person" refers to righteous people in general and not to a specific person. AT: "righteous people. They do not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -"the one who does what is right" +# resist you -## does not resist you ## - -"does not oppose you" \ No newline at end of file +"oppose you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/07.md b/jas/05/07.md index 6a0cf2d26d..8b254c3da2 100644 --- a/jas/05/07.md +++ b/jas/05/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Therefore be patient ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Because of this wait and be calm" +James changes topics from a rebuke of the rich people to an exhortation to the believers. -## until the coming of the Lord ## +# General Information: -This phrase refers to the return of Jesus when he sets up his kingdom on the earth and judges all people. This can be translated as "until Christ's return." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +In closing, James reminds the believers about the Lord's coming and gives several short lessons on how to live for the Lord. -## like the farmer ## +# So be patient -James compares believers to farmers to emphasize what it means to be patient. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"Because of this, wait and be calm" -## fix your hearts ## +# until the Lord's coming -This is an idiom that can be translated as "stay committed" or "keep your faith strong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase refers to the return of Jesus, when he will begin his kingdom on the earth and judge all people. AT: "until Christ's return" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the coming of the Lord is near ## +# the farmer -"Christ will return soon" \ No newline at end of file +James makes an analogy using farmers and believers to teach what it means to be patient. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Make your hearts strong + +James is equating the believers' hearts to their will to remain committed. AT: "Stay committed" or "Keep your faith strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Lord's coming is near + +"the Lord will return soon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/09.md b/jas/05/09.md index def1f7b944..a45709e14b 100644 --- a/jas/05/09.md +++ b/jas/05/09.md @@ -1,37 +1,31 @@ -Paul's audience changed from addressing the rich Jews to all the Jewish believers. +# Do not complain, brothers ... you -## Do not complain, brothers...you ## +James is writing to all the scattered Jewish believers. -Paul is back to writing to all the Jewish believers. - -## against one another ## +# against one another "about each other" -## you will be not judged ## +# you will be not judged -This can be translated with an active clause: "Christ will not judge you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in the active. AT: "Christ will not judge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the judge is standing at the door ## +# the judge is standing at the door -James compares Jesus, the judge, to a person about to walk in a door to emphasize how soon Jesus will return to judge the world. This could be translated as "coming soon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +James compares Jesus, the judge, to a person about to walk through a door to emphasize how soon Jesus will return to judge the world. AT: "the judge is coming soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## suffering and patience of the prophets ## +# the suffering and patience of the prophets, those who spoke in the name of the Lord -"the prophets suffered persecution with patience" +"how the prophets who spoke in the name of the Lord suffered persecution with patience" -## spoke in the name of the Lord ## +# spoke in the name of the Lord "spoke for the Lord to the people" -## Look ## +# See -The word “look” here adds emphasis to what follows. This could be translated as "Listen carefully" or "Remember." +Here "See" adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Listen carefully" or "Remember" -## those who persevere ## +# those who endured -"Those who endure" or "Those who continue through hardship" - -## the Lord is full of compassion and mercy ## - -"the Lord always shows compassion and mercy" \ No newline at end of file +"those who continued obeying God even through hardship" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/12.md b/jas/05/12.md index 83567f5b7a..c03802c3f6 100644 --- a/jas/05/12.md +++ b/jas/05/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Above all ## +# Above all, my brothers, -This is an idiom that can be translated as "This is important" or "Especially" +"This is important, may brothers:" or "Especially, my brothers," -## my brothers ## +# my brothers -"my fellow believers" +This refers to all believers including women. AT: "my fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## do not swear ## +# do not swear -to "swear" is to say that you will do it and to be held accountable by a higher authority. alternate translation: "do not make an oath" or "do not make a vow." +To "swear" is to say that you will do something, or that something is true, and to be held accountable by a higher authority. AT: "do not make an oath" or "do not make a vow" -## either by heaven nor by the earth - ## +# either by heaven or by the earth -** The words "heaven" and "earth" are metonyms that refers to the powers that are in heaven and earth. See UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The words "heaven" and "earth" refer to the spiritual or human authorities that are in heaven and earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your "Yes" mean "Yes" and your "No" mean "No" ## +# let your "Yes" mean "Yes" and your "No" mean "No," -This could be translated as "do what you say you will do without making an oath." +"do what you say you will do, or say that something is true, without making an oath" -## so you will not fall under judgment ## +# so you do not fall under judgment -"so God will not punish you" \ No newline at end of file +Being condemned is spoken of as if one had fallen, crushed by the weight of something heavy. AT: "so God will not punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/13.md b/jas/05/13.md index dbaf3a6e79..55769ae917 100644 --- a/jas/05/13.md +++ b/jas/05/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Is anyone among you suffering? He must pray ## +# Is anyone among you suffering hardship? Let him pray -"If anyone is suffering, he should pray." +James uses this question to cause the readers to reflect on their need. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "If anyone is enduring troubles, he should pray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Is anyone cheerful? Let him sing praise ## +# Is anyone cheerful? Let him sing praise -"If anyone is happy, he should sing songs of praise." +James uses this question to cause the readers to reflect on their blessings. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "If anyone is happy, he should sing songs of praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Is anyone among you sick? Let him call ## +# Is anyone among you sick? Let him call -"If anyone is sick, he should call." +James uses this question to cause the readers to reflect on their need. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "If anyone is sick, he should call" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the prayer of faith will deliver the sick person, and the Lord will raise him up ## +# The prayer of faith will heal the sick person, and the Lord will raise him up -when believers pray for sick people, the Lord who hears their prayer will heal those people. This could be translated as "the Lord will hear believers praying in faith, he will heal the sick person." \ No newline at end of file +When believers pray for sick people, the Lord will hear their prayer and will heal those people. AT: "The Lord will hear believers praying in faith, and he will heal the sick person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/16.md b/jas/05/16.md index dac3bd38be..d467312773 100644 --- a/jas/05/16.md +++ b/jas/05/16.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## to one another ## +# General Information: + +As these were Jewish believers, James reminds them to pray by recalling one of the prophets of old and that prophet's practical prayers. + +# So confess your sins + +Admit to other believers things you did wrong so that you can be forgiven. + +# to one another "to each other" -## one for another ## +# so that you may be healed -"for each other" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that God may heal you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that you may be healed ## +# The prayer of a righteous person is very strong in its working -This can be translated with an active clause: "so that God may heal you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Prayer is presented as if it were an object that was strong or powerful. AT: "When the person who obeys God prays, God will do great things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The prayer of the righteous produces great effects ## +# earnestly -This could be translated as "When the person who obeys God prays, God will do great things." +"eagerly" or "passionately" -## fervently ## +# three ... six -"with great effort" or "with great intensity" or "with great sincerity" +"3 ... 6" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## three…six ## +# The heavens gave rain -"3…6" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"The heavens" probably refers to the sky, which is presented as the source of the rain. AT: "Rain fell from the sky" -## the heavens poured rain ## +# the earth produced its fruit -Here "heavens" refers to God. This can be translated as "God made it rain." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the earth is presented as the source of the crops. + +# fruit + +Here "fruit" stands for all the crops of the farmers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/19.md b/jas/05/19.md index 3b7217ff14..0452915cac 100644 --- a/jas/05/19.md +++ b/jas/05/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## brothers ## +# brothers -My fellow believers" +Here this word probably refers to both men and women. AT: "fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## if anyone among you strays from the truth, but someone leads him back ## +# if anyone among you wanders from the truth, and someone brings him back -This is a metaphor that compares a believer who stops obeying God with a sheep that walks off the road and goes a different direction than the flock. The fellow believer who helps him start obeying again is the shepherd who brings the sheep back to the correct road. This can be translated as "if anyone stops obeying God, but another person helps him start obeying again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +A believer who stops trusting in God and obeying him is spoken of as if he were a sheep that wandered away from the flock. The person who persuades him to trust in God again is spoken of as if he were a shepherd who went to search for the lost sheep. AT: "whenever anyone stops obeying God, and another person helps him start obeying again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## let him know ## +# whoever turns a sinner from his wandering way ... will cover over a great number of sins -"let the one who leads him back know" +James means that God will use the actions of this person to persuade the sinner to repent and be saved. But James speaks as if it were this other person who actually saved the sinner's soul from death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## leads a sinner out of the error of his way ## +# will save him from death, and will cover over a great number of sins -"helps a sinner stop living in a way that does not honor God" +Here "death" refers to spiritual death, eternal separation from God. AT: "will save him from spiritual death, and God will forgive the sinner for all of his sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## will save his soul from death and will cover a multitude of sins ## +# will cover over a great number of sins -Here, James uses the word "soul" to show this death is more than just physical death. The word "soul" refers to the person who is sinning. Here, "death" refers to spiritual death. This can be translated as "will save the sinner from spiritual death, and God will forgive the sinner for all of his sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the person who brings back the disobedient brother will have his sins forgiven or 2) the disobedient brother, when he returns to the Lord, will have his sins forgiven. Sins are spoken of as if they were objects that God could cover so that he would not see them, so that he would forgive them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/05/intro.md b/jas/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e9e54772b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/jas/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# James 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Eternity ##### +This chapter contrasts living for things of this world, which will not last, with living for things that will last for eternity. It is also important to live with the expectation that Jesus will return soon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) + +##### Oaths ##### +Scholars are divided over whether this passage teaches all oaths are wrong. Most scholars believe some oaths are permissible and James instead is teaching Christians to have integrity. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Elijah ##### +This story will be difficult to understand if the books of 1 and 2 Kings and 1 and 2 Chronicles have not yet been translated. + +##### "Save his soul from death" ##### +This probably teaches that the person who stops their sinful lifestyle will not be punished with physical death as a consequence of their sin. On the other hand, some scholars believe this passage teaches about eternal salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[James 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/front/intro.md b/jas/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a2e0a7f990 --- /dev/null +++ b/jas/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +# Introduction to James # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of James #### + +1. Greetings (1:1) +1. Testing and maturity (1:2-18) +1. Hearing and doing the Word of God (1:19-27) +1. True faith seen in works + - Word of God (1:19-27) + - Royal law of love (2:1-13) + - Works (2:14-26) +1. Difficulties in community + - Dangers of the tongue (3:1-12) + - Wisdom from above (3:13-18) + - Worldly desires (4:1-12) +1. God's perspective on your decisions + - Boasting about tomorrow (4:13-17) + - Warning about riches (5:1-6) + - Suffering with patience (5:7-11) +1. Closing exhortations + - Oaths (5:12) + - Prayer and healing (5:13-18) + - Care for one another (5:19-20) + +#### What is the Book of James about? #### + +The Book of James is one of the "General Epistles." These letters are not addressed to a specific church or individual, but are addressed broadly to the whole church. This letter was written just prior to the Jerusalem Council and had a largely Jewish Christian audience. James is a topical letter; it quickly shifts from one topic to another. There are strong pleas and warnings with many figures of speech taken from nature. The treatment of the poor by the rich in the church is a major concern of this letter. Many parts of this letter correspond to portions of the Sermon on the Mount. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "James." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "A Letter from James" or "The Letter James Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of James? #### + +The Book of James was written by someone called James. This was probably James, the half-brother of Jesus, who was a leader in the early church and was part of the Jerusalem council. The Apostle Paul also called him a "pillar" of the church. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Does James contradict Paul? #### + +Paul teaches in Romans that Christians are justified by faith and not by works, while James seems to teach that Christians are justified by works. There is no contradiction. One possible solution to this issue involves understanding that the word "justification" is used in two different way. Paul teaches that Christians are declared righteous in reference to God while James teaches that man is declared to be righteous in relation to other people by his actions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +Another difficulty involves whether faith without works is "dead" or "useless." What James probably means is that, while good deeds cannot take the place of faith in Christ, faith in Christ always produces good deeds. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How should the translator signal transitions between topics in the Book of James? #### + +The letter quickly shifts from one topic to another. The transitions are rarely smooth. It is acceptable to allow the verses to appear disconnected from each other. It may make sense to set the passages apart by starting a new line or putting a space between topics. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of James? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of James: + +* "Do you want to know, foolish man, how it is that faith without works is useless?" (2:20). The ULB, UDB, and modern versions have this reading. Some older versions have, "Do you want to know, foolish man, how it is that faith without works is dead?" + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/01.md b/jdg/01/01.md index 2de251c243..0a994cfe24 100644 --- a/jdg/01/01.md +++ b/jdg/01/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## will lead us when we ## +# Connecting Statement: -The words "us" and "we" refer to the people of Israel. +The book of Judges continues the story about Joshua and is also the beginning of a new part of the story. -## go up...Come up with us ## +# Yahweh -This probably means that they were to go up to a higher level of ground, such as a hill or plateau. Some languages do not usually indicate whether people were going up or down. AT: "go...Come with us" or "go...Go up with us" +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -## See ## +# will attack the Canaanites for us -"Look." This adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" +The word "us" refers to the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## this land ## +# Judah will attack -This refers to the land where the Canaanites lived. AT: "the land of the Canaanites" +Here "Judah" represents the the men of the tribe of Judah. Yahweh is commanding these men to attack first. AT: "The men of Judah must attack first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## that was assigned to us...that was assigned to you ## +# See -"that Yahweh assigned to us...that Yahweh assigned to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Look" or "Indeed." This adds emphasis to what follows. -## we will likewise go with you ## +# this land -"we will also go with you" or "in the same way we will go with you" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the land where the Canaanites lived. AT: "the land of the Canaanites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# their brothers + +"their fellow Israelites" or "their relatives" + +# Come up with us + +The people of the tribes of Judah and Simeon were camped with the rest of the Israelite people in the valley of the Jordan River. The land given to Judah was in the hills above the valley. Some languages do not usually indicate whether people were going up or down. AT: "Come with us" or "Go with us" + +# that was assigned to us ... that was assigned to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Yahweh assigned to us ... that Yahweh assigned to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# We will likewise go with you + +"We will also go with you" or "In the same way, we will go with you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/04.md b/jdg/01/04.md index 4023c1f493..5350cfc88a 100644 --- a/jdg/01/04.md +++ b/jdg/01/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## They killed ten thousand ## +# The men of Judah attacked -AT: "They killed about 10,000" or "They killed a large number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +It is implied that the men of Simeon attacked with the men of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## of them ## +# They killed ten thousand -AT: "soldiers of the Canaanites and Perizzites" or "enemies" +"They killed about 10,000" or "They killed a large number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Bezek ## +# of them -an area in the mountains of Canaan (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"soldiers of the Canaanites and Perizzites" or "enemies" -## Adoni Bezek ## +# Bezek -This man was the leader of the army of the Canaanites and the Perizzites. The word "Adoni" means "lord of" or "my lord." \ No newline at end of file +This is an area in the mountains of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Adoni-Bezek + +This man was the leader of the army of the Canaanites and the Perizzites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they fought against him + +Here "him" actually refers to Adoni-Bezek and his army. AT: "they fought against him and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/06.md b/jdg/01/06.md index a956b1644f..943108d4b4 100644 --- a/jdg/01/06.md +++ b/jdg/01/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## pursued him ## +# pursued him "chased him" -## Seventy kings ## +# Seventy kings "70 kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## who had their thumbs and their big toes cut off ## +# who had their thumbs and their big toes cut off -AT: "whose thumbs and big toes I told my men to cut off" or "whose thumbs and big toes we cut off" (See" [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whose thumbs and big toes I told my men to cut off" or "whose thumbs and big toes we cut off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# gathered their food from under my table + +Forcing these kings to eat scraps of food represents all the ways that Adoni-Bezek humiliated these kings. Here "gathering" food represents eating it. AT: "ate scraps of food from under my table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/08.md b/jdg/01/08.md index cbe53ab5cd..9e0a72b3eb 100644 --- a/jdg/01/08.md +++ b/jdg/01/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## They attacked it with the edge of the sword ## +# the city of Jerusalem and took it -AT: "They attacked the people of the city with their swords" or "They attacked it with weapons" +Here "city" represents the people. AT: "the people who lived in Jerusalem and defeated them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## foothills ## +# They attacked it -hills that are at the base of a mountain or mountain range +Here "it" refers to the city which represents the people of the city. AT: "They attacked the people of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the name of Hebron was previously Kiriath Arba ## +# with the edge of the sword -This is background information. People who first read this book had probably heard of Kiriath Arba but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Hebron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +"with the point of the sword." Here "sword" represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. AT: "with their swords" or "with their weapons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai ## +# the men of Judah went down to fight -These are the names of three Canaanite leaders of Hebron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +It was common to use the word "down" when it refers to traveling from Jerusalem. AT: "the men of Judah went to fight" + +# in the Negev + +"in the southern Judean wilderness" + +# foothills + +hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range + +# the name of Hebron was previously Kiriath Arba + +This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Kiriath Arba but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Hebron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai + +These are the names of three Canaanite leaders of Hebron. Each leader represents his army. AT: "Sheshai, Ahiman, Talmai, and their armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/11.md b/jdg/01/11.md index 541bed7847..ea07894823 100644 --- a/jdg/01/11.md +++ b/jdg/01/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# the name of Debir was previously Kiriath Sepher -## the name of Debir was previously Kiriath Sepher ## +The author probably wrote this because his readers knew the city as Debir. But at the time Israel attacked it, it was called Kiriath Sepher. AT: "which used to be called Kiriath Sepher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -The author probably wrote this because his readers knew the city as Debir. But at the time Israel attacked it, it was called "Kiriath Sepher." AT: It used to be called Kiriath Sepher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +# previously -## previously ## +"in times past" or "at an earlier time" -"in times past" or "an an earlier time" \ No newline at end of file +# Whoever attacks Kiriath Sepher and takes it + +Here "Kiriath Sepher" represents the people. AT: "Whoever attacks and defeats the people of Kiriath Sepher and takes their city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Aksah + +This is the name of Caleb's daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Othniel, son of Kenaz + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/14.md b/jdg/01/14.md index aa7c3c6756..e290c6475a 100644 --- a/jdg/01/14.md +++ b/jdg/01/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## she urged him ## +# she urged him -AT: "Achsah urged Othniel" +"Aksah urged Othniel" -## Since you have set me in the land of the Negev ## +# give her a field ... Since you have given me the land -Caleb gave Achsah in marriage to Othniel, so she lived with Othniel in the city that he had captured in the Negev. AT: "Since you sent me to the land of the Negev" or "Since you have given me in marriage to live in the Negev" \ No newline at end of file +This implies that Caleb did give her the field when she asked him for it in verse 14. In verse 15, she is now asking for springs of water in addition to that field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Give me a blessing + +"Do a favor for me" or "Do this for me" + +# Since you have given me the land of the Negev + +Caleb gave Aksah in marriage to Othniel, so she lived with Othniel in the city that he had captured in the Negev. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Since you have given me in marriage to live in the Negev" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/16.md b/jdg/01/16.md index e37515ea05..6fe89484bc 100644 --- a/jdg/01/16.md +++ b/jdg/01/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# of Moses' father-in-law -## Moses' father-in-law ## +"of the father of Moses' wife" -in-law** - the father of Moses' wife +# father-in-law the Kenite went up -## the Kenite ## +"father-in-law, who was one of the Ken people, went up" -AT: "one of the Ken people" +# went up from the City of Palms ... into the wilderness -## Arad ## +"left the City of Palms ... and went into the wilderness" -the name of a city in Canaan +# City of Palms -## Zephath ## +This is another name for the city of Jericho. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -the name of a city in Canaan \ No newline at end of file +# Arad + +This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the men of Simeon their brothers + +Here "brothers" means relatives who were in another tribe of Israel. + +# Zephath + +This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The name of the city was called Hormah + +After the Israelites destroyed Zephath, they changed its name to "Hormah." The name "Hormah" means "complete destruction." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/18.md b/jdg/01/18.md index 157f2351ed..a444e89b19 100644 --- a/jdg/01/18.md +++ b/jdg/01/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## plains ## +# Yahweh was with the people of Judah -very large areas of level ground, like a large valley \ No newline at end of file +Here "was with" means that Yahweh helped the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# plains + +a very large area of level, treeless ground \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/20.md b/jdg/01/20.md index f3247ade63..9020e0d862 100644 --- a/jdg/01/20.md +++ b/jdg/01/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Hebron was given to Caleb (as Moses had told them to do), ## +# Hebron was given to Caleb (like Moses had said) -AT: "Moses had given Hebron to Caleb," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses had given Hebron to Caleb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## three sons ## +# three sons of Anak -The leaders of the people groups are used to refer to the entire group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The leaders of the people groups are used to refer to the entire group. AT: "three sons of Anak and their people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Anak ## +# Anak -Anak was a very tall man, and some of his descendants were also very tall (Numbers 13:22,32,33). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. Anak and his descendants were famous for being very tall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## to this day ## +# to this day -"until now," meaning the time the book of Judges was written \ No newline at end of file +"until now." This refers to the time the book of Judges was written. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/22.md b/jdg/01/22.md index 9de5129a3b..8f47eb1f76 100644 --- a/jdg/01/22.md +++ b/jdg/01/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## house of Joseph ## +# The house of Joseph -"the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim" - Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the "house of Joseph" refers to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. +Here "house" represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the "house of Joseph" can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. AT: "The descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim" or "The men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Bethel ## +# to attack Bethel -This city name means "house of God." +Here "Bethel" represents the people who live in Bethel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## spy ## +# spy -to get information secretly. +to get information secretly -## Luz ## +# the city that was formerly called Luz -an ancient town named Luz that was near what became the city of Bethel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Luz but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Bethel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## spies ## +# spies people who get information secretly \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/25.md b/jdg/01/25.md index b88bc756cc..3d25d353de 100644 --- a/jdg/01/25.md +++ b/jdg/01/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## they attacked the city with the edge of the sword ## +# they attacked the city -The edge of a sword is the part that can kill. This phrase is used to say the attack was violent and people were killed. AT: "they attacked the city and killed many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Here "city" represents the people. AT: "they attacked the people of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## get away ## +# with the edge of the sword -AT: "escape" +"with the point of the sword." Here "sword" represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. AT: "with their swords" or "with their weapons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Luz ## +# get away -This new town of Luz started in the land of the Hittites was named after the town of Luz that the man had left, near Bethel. +This is an idiom. AT: "escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## which is its name to this day ## +# Luz -AT: "which is still its name" (when the book of Judges was written) \ No newline at end of file +This new town started in the land of the Hittites was named after the town of Luz, near Bethel, that the man had left. + +# which is its name to this day + +"which is still its name." Here "to this day" refers to the time when the book of Judges was written. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/27.md b/jdg/01/27.md index 560ed303de..a6c05c66e3 100644 --- a/jdg/01/27.md +++ b/jdg/01/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## cities…villages ## +# Beth Shan ... Taanach ... Dor ... Ibleam ... Megiddo -These are towns, which are places where people live together. "Cities" are larger than towns, but "villages" are smaller than towns. +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Beth Shan…Taanach…Dor…Ibleam…Megiddo ## - -These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## because the Canaanites were determined to live in that land ## +# because the Canaanites were determined to live in that land To "determine" is to firmly decide something. AT: "because the Canaanites firmly decided not to leave that land" -## they forced the Canaanites to serve them with hard labor ## +# When Israel became strong -AT: "they forced the Canaanites to do hard work for them" \ No newline at end of file +Here "Israel" represents the people. AT: "When the people of Israel became stronger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they forced the Canaanites to serve them with hard labor + +"they forced the Canaanites to do hard work for them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/29.md b/jdg/01/29.md index b1e1fed61a..ed5f90ec2c 100644 --- a/jdg/01/29.md +++ b/jdg/01/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Gezer ## +# Ephraim did not -The name of one of the cities in the Ephraim area, which seems to mean "a part or portion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Ephraim" the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Gezer + +The name of one of the cities in the Ephraim area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/30.md b/jdg/01/30.md index 0a315218a7..ee39dc6de3 100644 --- a/jdg/01/30.md +++ b/jdg/01/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Kitron...Nahalol ## +# Zebulun did not drive out -These are the names of cities in the land of Canaan. "Nahalol" means "pasture." "Kitron" may mean "to make sweet." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here "Zebulun" represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## hard labor ## +# Kitron ... Nahalol + +These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# but Zebulun forced + +Here "Zebulun" represents the people of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# hard labor "difficult labor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/31.md b/jdg/01/31.md index 6629300d4f..999d45541f 100644 --- a/jdg/01/31.md +++ b/jdg/01/31.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]. \ No newline at end of file +# Asher did not drive + +Here "Asher" represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Asher. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Akko ... Sidon ... Ahlab, Akzib, Helbah, Aphek ... Rehob + +These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/33.md b/jdg/01/33.md index 8881e802af..f8692e7065 100644 --- a/jdg/01/33.md +++ b/jdg/01/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Beth Anath ## +# Beth Shemesh ... Beth Anath -This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## hard labor ## +# the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath were forced into hard labor for Naphthali -"difficult labor" - -## inhabitants of ## - -"people who live in" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people of Naphtali forced the people of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath to work for them as slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/34.md b/jdg/01/34.md index 772e1d7ab7..9deff6f34d 100644 --- a/jdg/01/34.md +++ b/jdg/01/34.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# not allowing them to come down -## not allowing them to come down ## +"stopping them from coming down" -stopping them from coming down +# plain -## plain ## +a very large area of flat land without trees -a large area of flat land without trees. +# Mount Heres -## Mount Heres ## +This is the name of a large hill on which the city of Aijalon was built. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -a large hill on which the city Aijalon was built. +# Aijalon ... Shaalbim -## Aijalon...Shaalbim ## +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# the military might of the house of Joseph conquered them -## the military might of the house of Joseph conquered them ## +"the tribes of people who descended from Joseph were able to conquer them because of their powerful army" -AT: "but the tribes of people who descended from Joseph were able to conquer them because of their powerful army" +# house of Joseph -## Scorpion Pass ## +Here "house" represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the "house of Joseph" can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. AT: "the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim" or "the men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This is the name of a place on the southern border of Israel where the mountains are lower so a road can pass through. It is named after a scorpion, which is a small animal with a poisonous stinger on it's tail like the stinger of a bee. +# the hill of Akrabbim -## Sela ## +This was a pass southwest of the Dead Sea. It is also called the "Scorpion Pass." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This was the name of the capital city of the neighboring country. \ No newline at end of file +# Sela + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/01/intro.md b/jdg/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2a663f6972 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Judges 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +##### "After the death of Joshua" ##### +This statement creates a seamless transition from the book of Joshua. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Finishing the conquest of the Promised Land ##### + +Israel fought to clear the land of the Canaanites, but they also made treaties with other peoples and made some of them do hard labor. This was against God's instruction to completely remove the Canaanite people from the land. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Judges intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/01.md b/jdg/02/01.md index 0d93805864..e9d256f457 100644 --- a/jdg/02/01.md +++ b/jdg/02/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## Bochim ## +# angel of Yahweh -This place was named to remember this event. "Bochim" means "crying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Possible meaning are 1) "angel who represents Yahweh" or 2) "messenger who serves Yahweh" or 3) it may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel's use of "I" as if Yahweh himself were talking. -## brought you up from Egypt ## +# went up from Gilgal to Bokim -"led you up from Egypt" +"left Gilgal and went to Bokim" -## break my covenant with you ## +# Bokim -"fail to do what I said I would do for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is what the Israelites named this place in 2:5 after the angel rebukes the people. "Bokim" means "crying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## you have not listened to my voice ## +# and said -"you have not obeyed my commands" +It is understood that the angel of Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. AT: "and said to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## What is this that you have done? ## +# brought you up from Egypt -This question is asked to cause the people of Israel to realize they have disobeyed Yahweh and will suffer because of it. AT: "You have done a terrible thing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"led you from Egypt" + +# your fathers + +"your ancestors" or "your forefathers" + +# break my covenant with you + +This is an idiom. AT: "fail to do what I said I would do for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you have not listened to my voice + +Here "voice" represents what Yahweh said. AT: "you have not obeyed my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What is this that you have done? + +This question is asked to cause the people of Israel to realize they have disobeyed Yahweh and will suffer because of it. AT: "You have done a terrible thing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/03.md b/jdg/02/03.md index 1dabbb1e9a..9428040a78 100644 --- a/jdg/02/03.md +++ b/jdg/02/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The angel of Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## become thorns in your sides ## +# So now I say, 'I will not ... trap for you.' -The angel of Yahweh compares the Canaanites to thorns to express that like a thorn in a person's side is painful so also the Canaanites will cause problems for Israel. AT: "become problems for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This has a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "So now I tell you that I will not ... trap for you.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## thorns ## +# become thorns in your sides + +The Canaanites troubling the Israelites is spoken of as if the Canaanites would be thorns in the side of the Israelites. AT: "cause you trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# thorns sharp pieces of wood up to 7 centimeters long that stick out from some plants -## their gods will become a trap for you ## +# their gods will become a trap for you -AT: "their gods are like a trap that will lead you into sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The Israelites worshiping the Canaanite gods is spoken of as if the false gods were a hunter's trap that catches an animal and causes it harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## cried out and wept ## +# shouted and wept -AT: "they cried many tears" - -## Bochim ## - -See how you translated this in [Judges 2:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +"cried many tears" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/06.md b/jdg/02/06.md index 100bf8b33d..1edc210868 100644 --- a/jdg/02/06.md +++ b/jdg/02/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## to the place assigned ## +# Now when Joshua -AT: "to the place Yahweh gave them" +Here "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator begins a summary that explains how the generations of Israelites after Joshua sinned and worshiped false gods so that Yahweh punished them, but then he would send judges to rescue them. This summary ends in 2:23. -## lifetime ## +# when Joshua ... died at the age of 110 years old -the time that someone lived, AT: "life" +The events of 1:1-2:5 happened after Joshua died. This is recounting events that happened at the end of the book of Joshua. -## outlived ## +# to the place assigned -to live longer than someone else, AT: "lived longer than" +This statement can be made clearer. AT: "to the place Yahweh gave them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Nun ## +# during the lifetime -This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means the time that someone lived. AT: "during the life" + +# the elders + +Here this means the men who helped lead Israel, participating in matters of social justice and in religious matters such as maintaining the law of Moses. + +# outlived him + +This means to live longer than someone else. AT: "lived longer than he did" + +# Nun + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 110 years old + +"one hundred and ten years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/09.md b/jdg/02/09.md index 74d53775ac..229d2648a9 100644 --- a/jdg/02/09.md +++ b/jdg/02/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## he was assigned ## +# he was assigned -AT: "that God gave him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God gave him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Timnath Heres ## +# Timnath Heres -This is the name of an area of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of an area of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Mount Gaash ## +# Mount Gaash -This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## was also gathered to their fathers ## +# All that generation was also gathered to their fathers -AT: "had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The phrase "was also gathered to their fathers" means that as the people of that generation died, their souls went to the same place as their ancestors who died before them. It is a polite way of saying they died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## grew up ## +# fathers -"grew older" or "became older" \ No newline at end of file +Here this means the ancestors of a certain person or people group. + +# grew up + +"grew older" or "became older" + +# who did not know Yahweh + +Here "did not know" means they had not experienced Yahweh or his power the way the previous generation had. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/11.md b/jdg/02/11.md index b425425502..2dbf544a25 100644 --- a/jdg/02/11.md +++ b/jdg/02/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## in the sight of Yahweh ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -AT: "against Yahweh" or "before Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Baals ## +# Baals -This is the plural of Baal. While "Baal" was generally the name of one false god, the word was also used for various other gods, too, that were often worshiped along with Baal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the plural of Baal. While "Baal" was generally the name of one false god, the word was also used for various other gods that were often worshiped along with Baal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## broke away from ## +# They broke away from Yahweh -"turned away from" or "stopped following" +The Israelites no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically broke away from him and left him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## went after ## +# fathers -"followed after" +"ancestors" or "forefathers" -## bowed down to them ## +# They went after other gods -Worship is referred to by an action used to worship a god. AT: "worshipped them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The Israelites starting to worship false gods is spoken of as if the Israelites walked and went after the false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they provoked Yahweh to anger ## +# bowed down to them -AT: "they caused Yahweh to become angry" +This is an act of worship and giving honor to someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Ashtoreths ## +# They provoked Yahweh to anger -This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshipped as a goddess in many different forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"They caused Yahweh to become angry" + +# Ashtoreths + +This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/14.md b/jdg/02/14.md index fb54ac66e5..c319473a09 100644 --- a/jdg/02/14.md +++ b/jdg/02/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel ## +# The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel -The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. AT: "Yahweh became very angry with Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. AT: "Yahweh became very angry with the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he gave them over to the raiders who stole their possessions from them ## +# he gave them to the raiders who stole their possessions from them "he let raiders steal their possessions" -## He sold them as slaves ## +# He sold them as slaves who were held by the strength of their enemies around them, so they could no longer defend themselves against their enemies -The people of Israel are compared to slaves. AT: "He gave them to their enemies like they were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh allowing the enemies to take the Israelites as slaves is spoken of as if he sold them into slavery. The phrase "who were held by" can be stated in active form. AT: "He allowed their enemies to conquer them and take them as slaves, and they could no longer resist their powerful enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Yahweh's hand ## +# Yahweh's hand was against them to defeat them -"Yahweh's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "hand" represents Yahweh's power. AT: "Yahweh helped their enemies defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## they were in terrible distress ## +# they were in terrible distress "they were suffering terribly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/16.md b/jdg/02/16.md index 330d486837..2fdf8bc31d 100644 --- a/jdg/02/16.md +++ b/jdg/02/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## they would not listen to ## +# Then Yahweh raised up judges -"they would not obey" +Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he were raising or lifting the persons up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## gave themselves like prostitutes to other gods and worshiped them ## +# out of the hand of those -The people of Israel are like prostitutes because they gave themselves to the sinful following of false gods like prostitutes give their bodies to sexual sin. AT: "gave themselves to committing terrible sins by worshiping false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "from the power of the enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## turned aside ## +# they would not listen to their judges -AT: "turned away" \ No newline at end of file +"they would not obey their judges" + +# gave themselves like prostitutes to other gods and worshiped them + +The people betraying Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if the people were prostitutes. AT: "betrayed him by worshiping false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# They soon turned aside from the way their fathers had lived + +The people not acting like their ancestors who worshiped Yahweh is spoken of as if the people turned and went in a different direction than their ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their fathers + +"their ancestors" or "their forefathers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/18.md b/jdg/02/18.md index e52df83742..1807ef9abf 100644 --- a/jdg/02/18.md +++ b/jdg/02/18.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## judges for them...rescued them ## +# When Yahweh raised up judges + +Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# judges for them ... rescued them The word "them" refers to the Israelites. -## all the days ## +# the hand of their enemies -"while" +Here "hand" refers to power of the enemies to hurt Israel. AT: "the power of their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## pity ## +# all the days the judge lived -to have compassion for someone or something. +"as long as the judge lived" -## groaned ## +# pity -The sound made by a person who suffers is used to describe the pain of the Israelites as they suffer. AT: "suffered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +to have compassion for someone or something -## go after other gods ## +# as they groaned -"follow other gods" or "obey other gods" +The sound made by a person who suffers is used to describe the pain of the Israelites as they suffer. AT: "as they suffered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## give up ## +# they would turn away -"stop" +The people no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they would physically turn away from Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## their evil practices ## +# their fathers -"evil things they did" \ No newline at end of file +"their ancestors" or "their forefathers" + +# They would go after other gods to serve them and worship them + +The Israelites worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they were walking and going after other gods. AT: "They would serve and worship other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They refused to give up any of their evil practices or their stubborn ways + +"They refused to stop doing evil things and being stubborn." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "They continued doing evil things and being stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/20.md b/jdg/02/20.md index fd499417de..1fcc759de1 100644 --- a/jdg/02/20.md +++ b/jdg/02/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel ## +# The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel -See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 2:14](./14.md). +The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 2:14](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he did not allow Joshua to conquer them ## +# this nation has broken -"he did not let Joshua conquer them" \ No newline at end of file +Here "nation" represents the people. AT: "these people have broken" or "the Israelites have broken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fathers + +Here this refers to the ancestors of a certain person or people group. + +# they have not listened to my voice + +Here "voice" represents what Yahweh said. AT: "they have not obeyed what I commanded them" or "they have not obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# any of the nations + +Here "nations" represents the people groups that lived in Canaan before the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will keep the way of Yahweh and walk in it + +How Yahweh wants people to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they were walking in his way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# did not drive them out quickly and give them into the hand of Joshua + +These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. AT: "he did not let Joshua quickly conquer them and drive them out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# into the hand of Joshua + +Here "hand" is a metonym for power, and "Joshua" represents himself and his army. AT: "into the power of Joshua and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/02/intro.md b/jdg/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4f226c89cb --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Judges 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh tests Israel ##### + +Yahweh said, "Because this nation has broken the terms of my covenant." Completely removing the Canaanites from the land was a test from Yahweh. While Yahweh displayed covenant faithfulness, Israel did not. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/01.md b/jdg/03/01.md index a1ec93a87c..0ca71f5789 100644 --- a/jdg/03/01.md +++ b/jdg/03/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## all in Israel ## +# Now Yahweh -"everyone in Israel" +Here "Now" begins a new section of the story. -## he did this to teach warfare to the new generation of the Israelites who had not known it before ## +# these nations -"Yahweh left nations among the Israelites to teach the young men who had not fought in battle how to do that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +This refers to the people groups that the narrator will list in 3:3. -## Mount Baal Hermon ## +# who had not experienced any of the wars fought in Canaan + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who had not fought in any of the wars in Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He did this to teach warfare to the new generation of the Israelites who had not known it before + +This breaks from the main storyline. The narrator gives background information about why Yahweh left some of the people groups in Canaan. AT: "Yahweh left nations among the Israelites to teach the young men who had not fought in battle before how to fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# the five kings + +These five kings represent themselves and their people. AT: "the five kings and their people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Mount Baal Hermon This is the highest mountain in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Lebo Hamath ## +# Hamath Pass -This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of an area at the northern boundary of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/04.md b/jdg/03/04.md index 9a2bf7da6a..32e9e1cd25 100644 --- a/jdg/03/04.md +++ b/jdg/03/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## These nations were left ## +# These nations were left -"These nations were not destroyed" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh left these nations in Canaan" or "Yahweh allowed these nations to continue to live in Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## as a means ## +# as a means "as a way" -## whether they would...gave their ancestors ## +# whether they would ... gave their ancestors The words "they" and "their" refer to the people of Israel. -## the commands he gave ## +# the commands he gave -The word "he" refers to Yahweh. AT: "the commands Yahweh gave" \ No newline at end of file +"the commands Yahweh gave" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/07.md b/jdg/03/07.md index 774c9a7da3..6e12ad5ca1 100644 --- a/jdg/03/07.md +++ b/jdg/03/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## in the sight of Yahweh ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -See how this is translated in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the anger of Yahweh was set on fire ## +# forgot Yahweh their God -Yahweh's anger is being compared to a fire being lit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "forgot" is an idiom that means "they stopped obeying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## sold them into the hand of Cushan Rishathaim ## +# the anger of Yahweh was set on fire -Allowing the people of Israel to be conquered is compared to being sold. AT: "allowed them to be conquered by Cushan Rishathaim" +Yahweh becoming very angry is spoken of as if his anger were something that could be set on fire. AT: "Yahweh became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Cushan Rishathaim ## +# sold them into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim + +Allowing the people of Israel to be conquered is spoken of as if Yahweh sold them to Cushan-Rishathaim. AT: "allowed Cushan-Rishathaim and his army to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim + +Here "hand" is a metonym that represents power or control. Also, "Cushan-Rishathaim" is a synechdoche that represents himself and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Cushan-Rishathaim This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Aram Naharaim ## +# Aram Naharaim This is the name of a country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/09.md b/jdg/03/09.md index 1ae81d693f..0e2e9736fd 100644 --- a/jdg/03/09.md +++ b/jdg/03/09.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## Othniel...Kenaz ## +# Yahweh raised up someone -See how you translated these names in [Judges 1:11](../01/11.md). +Yahweh appointing someone to do a special work for him is spoken of as if Yahweh raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## empowered him ## +# Othniel ... Kenaz + +See how you translated these men's names in [Judges 1:13](../01/11.md). + +# empowered him This phrase means that Yahweh helped Othniel to have and develop the qualities he needed to be a great leader. -## Cushan Rishathaim ## +# he judged Israel -See how you translated this king's name in [Judges 3:7](./07.md). +Here "judged" means he led the people of Israel. -## the power of Othniel ## +# he went out to war -Othniel's name is used to refer to his army. AT: "the army of Othniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "he" refers to Othniel who represents himself and the army of Israel. AT: "Othniel and the Israelite soldiers went to fight against the army of Cushan-Rishathaim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## The land had peace ## +# Yahweh gave him victory over Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram -"The land" is used to refer to the people who lived in the land. AT: "The people had peace" +Here "Cushan-Rishathaim" represents his army. AT: "Yahweh helped the Israelite army defeat the army of Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## forty years ## +# The hand of Othniel + +Here "hand" is a metonym for army. AT: "The army of Othniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The land had peace + +"The land" is used to refer to the people who lived in the land. AT: "The people lived peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# forty years "40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/12.md b/jdg/03/12.md index d23f56e6f6..97d28aa6f4 100644 --- a/jdg/03/12.md +++ b/jdg/03/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## and he saw what ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -Sight is often used to describe knowledge. AT: "and Yahweh knew what" +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Eglon ## +# Yahweh gave strength to Eglon king of Moab -This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "Yahweh made Eglon king of Moab strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## as he came against ## +# to Eglon king of Moab to overpower the Israelites -AT: "as he attacked" +Here "Eglon king of Moab" represents himself and his army. AT: "to Eglon king of Moab and his soldiers as they attacked the Israelite army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## eighteen years ## +# Eglon + +This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the City of Palms + +This is another name for the city of Jericho. See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md). + +# eighteen years "18 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/15.md b/jdg/03/15.md index a0791ad3cc..b10c08513d 100644 --- a/jdg/03/15.md +++ b/jdg/03/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## he raised them up one ## +# called out to Yahweh -AT: "he gave them someone" +Here this means to shout or speak loudly to someone far away. It can also mean to ask someone for help, especially God. -## Ehud...Gera ## +# raised up someone -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Yahweh appointing someone to do a special service for him is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## left-handed ## +# Ehud ... Gera -handed** - a person who is better able to use the left side of their body. They would write and hold a sword with their left hand. \ No newline at end of file +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# left-handed + +Ehud was better able to hold a sword with his left hand. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/16.md b/jdg/03/16.md index 5615f3f6f8..e63551960f 100644 --- a/jdg/03/16.md +++ b/jdg/03/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## he strapped it on under his clothing on his right thigh ## +# one cubit -AT: "he tied it to his right thigh under his clothing" +If it is necessary to use a modern measurement of length, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "46 centimeters" or "about one half meter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## thigh ## +# he strapped it on under his clothing on his right thigh + +"he tied it to his right thigh under his clothing" + +# thigh "upper leg" -## Now Eglon was a very fat man ## +# Now Eglon was a very fat man -Translate this as you would when you are giving additional information in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -## he left with those who had carried it in ## - -AT: "he led away those who brought it in" \ No newline at end of file +Here "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator tells background information about Eglon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/19.md b/jdg/03/19.md index 5c977eecdc..1318d90797 100644 --- a/jdg/03/19.md +++ b/jdg/03/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He himself, however ## +# when he reached the place where the carved images were made near Gilgal -"Ehud, however" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when he arrived at the place near Gilgal where people made carved images" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## upper room ## +# in the coolness of the upper room -a room on the level or floor of a building that is above the lowest floor; to enter an "upper room" a person goes up steps \ No newline at end of file +This is a room above the lower level that was used for rest and to remain cool during the hot part of the day. + +# The king got up out of his seat + +Standing up was a sign of honoring God will listening to his message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/21.md b/jdg/03/21.md index 6c77501611..f325b1becc 100644 --- a/jdg/03/21.md +++ b/jdg/03/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## the tip of which came out of his back, ## +# The tip of the sword came out of his back -Possible meanings are 1) the end of the sword came out of his back (see UDB) or 2) Eglon defecated (see note on "relieving himself" in [Judges 3:24](./24.md)). +"The sharp end of the sword came out of his back" -## did not draw ## +# porch -AT: "did not pull" - -## porch ## - -an outside room with a roof and low walls - -## upper room ## - -a room upstairs above the ground level \ No newline at end of file +an outside room with low walls and a roof covering \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/24.md b/jdg/03/24.md index 8e7a7e6fee..065702f301 100644 --- a/jdg/03/24.md +++ b/jdg/03/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Surely he is relieving himself ## +# Surely he is relieving himself -This is a polite way to speak about a person producing a bowel movement (defecating) or urinating. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a polite way to speak about a person having a bowel movement (defecating) or urinating. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## until they felt they were neglecting their duty ## +# until they felt they were neglecting their duty -AT: "and they decided they had to see the king" +They waited until they became worried that something was wrong and it was their duty to open the doors to their king's private room. -## took the key and opened them ## +# took the key and opened them "took the key and opened the doors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/26.md b/jdg/03/26.md index 1f81a7e90c..cd7e8f912b 100644 --- a/jdg/03/26.md +++ b/jdg/03/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Seirah ## +# While the servants were waiting ... Ehud escaped -The name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This tells what happened before the servants opened the doors to the upper room and found the king dead. AT: "Meanwhile, as the servants were still waiting outside of the upper room ... Ehud escaped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -## When he arrived ## +# Seirah -AT: "When he arrived in Seirah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# When he arrived + +This could be made clearer. AT: "When he arrived in Seirah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/28.md b/jdg/03/28.md index acfb3b60a3..446ba2bc28 100644 --- a/jdg/03/28.md +++ b/jdg/03/28.md @@ -1,33 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + Ehud speaks to the people of Israel in Ephraim. -## captured the fords ## +# for Yahweh is about to defeat your enemies -AT: "gained control of the fords" +Yahweh helping the Israelites to defeat their enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight and defeat their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## fords ## +# captured the fords -the areas of a river where it is shallow and easy to walk across to the other side. +"gained control of the fords" -## did not allow anyone to cross ## +# fords -AT: "did not let anyone cross" +the areas of a river where it is shallow and easy to walk across to the other side -## ten thousand men ## +# did not allow anyone to cross + +"did not let anyone cross" + +# ten thousand men "10,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## capable men ## +# capable men -"able men" - men able to fight well +"able men" or "men able to fight well" -## subdued ## +# Moab was subdued by the strength of Israel -"controlled" or "defeated" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Israelite army defeated the Moabites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the strength of Israel ## +# the strength of Israel -The army of Israel is referred to as the nation's strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "strength" represents the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## eighty years ## +# the land had rest + +Here "land" represents the people. AT: "the Israelites lived peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# eighty years "80 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/31.md b/jdg/03/31.md index cbcc0fcdce..6e76390caf 100644 --- a/jdg/03/31.md +++ b/jdg/03/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Shamgar ## +# judge -The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +God appointed judges to lead the people of Israel in times of trouble after they entered the Promised Land and before they had kings. Often judges rescued the Israelites from their enemies. -## Anath ## +# Shamgar -The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## goad ## +# Anath + +The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# 600 men + +"six hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# goad "move" or "direct" -## He also delivered Israel from danger ## +# He also delivered Israel from danger -The word "danger" refers to enemies that tried to harm the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "danger" refers to enemies that tried to harm the people of Israel. AT: "He also delivered the people of Israel from their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/03/intro.md b/jdg/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..64796d279d --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Judges 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The people worship false gods ##### + +Israel worshiped idols and false gods. Because of this, Yahweh allowed Aram and Moab to rule over them. In the period of Judges, when Israel sinned, they were often placed under the rule of a foreign power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Blew a trumpet" ##### + +When Ehud "blew a trumpet," he was calling all of the men to come help him fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/01.md b/jdg/04/01.md index 1210cecfd1..de3a0f58e0 100644 --- a/jdg/04/01.md +++ b/jdg/04/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Ehud ## +# Ehud -See how you translated the name Ehud in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md). -## Jabin...Sisera ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -The names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Hazor...Haroseth ## +# Yahweh sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan -The names of cities or places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here "hand" refers to Jabin's power over Israel. Yahweh's decision to give Jabin power over them is spoken of as if Yahweh had sold them to Jabin. AT: "Yahweh allowed them to be defeated by the power of Jabin king of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## nine hundred iron chariots ## +# Jabin ... Sisera + +These are the names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hazor ... Harosheth Haggoyim + +These are the names of cities or places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# nine hundred iron chariots "900 iron chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## twenty years ## +# twenty years -AT: "20 years" \ No newline at end of file +"20 years" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/04.md b/jdg/04/04.md index 154151e7f9..b7a05f8d4a 100644 --- a/jdg/04/04.md +++ b/jdg/04/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Deborah ## +# Now -The name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator tells background information about Deborah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Lappidoth ## +# Deborah -The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a woman (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## palm of Deborah ## +# Lappidoth + +This is the name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# judge + +God appointed judges to lead the Israelites in times of trouble. Often the judges rescued them from their enemies. + +# palm of Deborah This tree was named after Deborah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/06.md b/jdg/04/06.md index 3db54f6d10..6334a83729 100644 --- a/jdg/04/06.md +++ b/jdg/04/06.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -The writer of Judges refers to men, a city, a mountain and a river by their names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## Barak...Abinoam ## +The writer of Judges refers to men, a city, a mountain, and a river by their names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -The names of men. +# Barak ... Abinoam -## Kedesh ## +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -The name of a city. +# Mount Tabor -## Mount Tabor ## +This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -The name of a mountain. - -## ten thousand men ## +# ten thousand men "10,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## draw out ## +# I will draw out -to cause people to come away from a safe location. +Here "I" refers to God. -## Sisera...Jabin ## +# draw out Sisera -See how you translated the names of these men in [Judges 4:1](./01.md). +Here "Sisera" represents himself and his army. AT: "draw out Sisera and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Kishon ## +# draw out -The name of a river. \ No newline at end of file +to cause people to come away from a safe location + +# Sisera ... Jabin + +See how you translated these men's names in [Judges 4:2](./01.md). + +# Kishon + +This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/08.md b/jdg/04/08.md index 601ccbf0a1..24c6fa8ede 100644 --- a/jdg/04/08.md +++ b/jdg/04/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Barak has a discussion with Deborah +# General Information: -## Barak ## +Barak has a discussion with Deborah. -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:6](./06.md). +# Barak -## the road on which you are going ## +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 4:6](./06.md). -The choice Barak makes is compared to Barak choosing a road on which he will travel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# the road on which you are going will not lead to your honor -## Sisera ## +The choice Barak makes is spoken of as if Barak were choosing a road on which to travel. And, "honor" is spoken of as if it were a destination to which one travels. AT: "no one will honor you for what you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:1](./01.md). +# for Yahweh will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman -## by her strength ## +Here "hand" refers to her power to kill him. AT: "for Yahweh will cause a woman to defeat Sisera" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"by her leadership" or "by her ability to lead" +# Sisera -## Deborah ## +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 4:2](./01.md). -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file +# Deborah + +See how you translated this woman's name in [Judges 4:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/10.md b/jdg/04/10.md index 0ea41e377e..d9df586ee5 100644 --- a/jdg/04/10.md +++ b/jdg/04/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## Barak ## +# Ten thousand men -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:6](./06.md). - -## Ten thousand men ## - -"10,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## Deborah ## - -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file +"10,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/11.md b/jdg/04/11.md index f89fb78aa3..2cbba65a77 100644 --- a/jdg/04/11.md +++ b/jdg/04/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Heber...Hobab ## +# Now -The names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator tells background information about Heber the Kenite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Kenite ## +# Heber ... Hobab + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kenite See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md) -## (Moses' father-in-law) ## +# Moses' father-in-law -in-law)** - "Moses' wife's father" +"the father of Moses' wife" -## Zaanannim ## +# Zaanannim -The name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/12.md b/jdg/04/12.md index 2bef75cf44..eb31b7ff19 100644 --- a/jdg/04/12.md +++ b/jdg/04/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Sisera ## +# When they told Sisera -See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:1](./01.md). +Here "they" does not identify anyone specifically. AT: "When someone told Sisera" -## Barak...Abinoam...Mount Tabor ## +# Sisera + +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 4:2](./01.md). + +# Barak ... Abinoam ... Mount Tabor See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](./06.md). -## nine hundred iron chariots ## +# Sisera called out all his chariots -900 iron chariots (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Here "chariots" represents the soldiers who drove the chariots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Harosheth ## +# nine hundred iron chariots -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:1](./01.md) +"900 iron chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Kishon River ## +# Harosheth Haggoyim -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated the name of this city in [Judges 4:2](./01.md). + +# Kishon River + +See how you translated this in [Judges 4:7](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/14.md b/jdg/04/14.md index 4a828b25a5..da06836792 100644 --- a/jdg/04/14.md +++ b/jdg/04/14.md @@ -1,27 +1,11 @@ -## Deborah ## +# Yahweh has given you victory -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:4](./04.md). +Because Deborah is certain of victory, she speaks as if Barak had already won the battle. AT: "Yahweh will give you victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## Barak ## +# Is not Yahweh leading you? -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:6](./06.md). +Deborah asks this question to remind Barak that they fight on the side of Yahweh. AT: "Remember, Yahweh is leading you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Sisera ## - -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:1](./01.md). - -## Yahweh has given you victory ## - -Because Deborah is certain of victory, she speaks as if Barak had already won the battle. AT: "Yahweh will give you victory" - -## Is not Yahweh leading you? ## - -Deborah asks this question to remind Barak that they fight on the side of Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh is leading you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Mount Tabor ## - -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:6](./06.md). - -## with ten thousand ## +# with ten thousand "with 10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/15.md b/jdg/04/15.md index 25334bb6c8..7eb67579da 100644 --- a/jdg/04/15.md +++ b/jdg/04/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Sisera ## +# Yahweh made Sisera's army confused -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:1](./01.md). +"Yahweh made Sisera's unable to think clearly" or "Yahweh made Sisera's army panic" -## confused ## +# all his chariots -"unable to think clearly" +Here "chariots" represents the soldiers driving the chariots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Barak ## +# Barak pursued -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:6](./06.md). +Here "Barak" represents himself and his army. AT: "Barak and his soldiers chased" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## pursued ## +# Harosheth -"chased" +Translate this the same way you did in [Judges 4:2](./01.md). -## Harosheth ## +# the whole army of Sisera was killed by the edge of the sword -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:1](./01.md). - -## killed by the edge of the sword ## - -This phrase refers to swords by the part of the sword that is sharp and can be used to kill. AT: "killed with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "sword" represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Barak and his soldiers killed Sisera's whole army with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/17.md b/jdg/04/17.md index 9e0db553e7..761369c66c 100644 --- a/jdg/04/17.md +++ b/jdg/04/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Sisera... Jabin... Hazor ## +# Sisera ... Jabin ... Hazor -See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:1](./01.md). +See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:2](./01.md). -## Jael ## +# ran away on foot + +This is an idiom that means he was walking rather than riding a horse or in a chariot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Jael This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Heber ## +# Heber -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:11](./11.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 4:11](./11.md). -## Kenite ## +# Kenite See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md). -## Turn aside ## +# the house of Heber the Kenite -to change course during a journey in order to rest. +Here "house" represents a family. AT: "the family of heber the Kenite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## blanket ## +# Turn aside + +This means to change course during a journey in order to rest. AT: "Come here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# blanket a large covering for the body to sleep under for warmth, made of wool or animal skins \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/19.md b/jdg/04/19.md index 18aff95b8b..b7d0b8aa7d 100644 --- a/jdg/04/19.md +++ b/jdg/04/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## He said to her ## +# He said to her -"Sisera said to Jael" - -## thirsty ## - -to desire or be in need of water or other drink \ No newline at end of file +"Sisera said to Jael" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/21.md b/jdg/04/21.md index 0aeded3e5a..2e23042132 100644 --- a/jdg/04/21.md +++ b/jdg/04/21.md @@ -1,31 +1,19 @@ -## Jael ## +# tent peg -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:17](./17.md). +a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent -## Heber ## +# hammer -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:11](./11.md). +a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground -## tent peg ## +# a deep sleep -a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent. +Like a person in a deep hole cannot easily climb out, a person in a deep sleep cannot easily wake up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a deep sleep ## +# it pierced -Like a person in deep hole cannot easily climb out, a person who is in a deep sleep cannot easily wake up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"it made a hole" -## pierced ## +# Barak was pursuing -"made a hole" - -## Barak ## - -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:6](./06.md). - -## pursuing ## - -"chasing" or "following after" - -## Sisera ## - -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +"Barak was chasing" or "Barak was following after" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/23.md b/jdg/04/23.md index 11e76872fd..aab4a86737 100644 --- a/jdg/04/23.md +++ b/jdg/04/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Jabin ## +# God defeated Jabin, the king of Canaan, before the people of Israel -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:1](./01.md). +God causing the Israelites to defeat Jabin and his army is spoken of as is God himself defeated Jabin as the people of Israel watched. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## before the people of Israel ## +# The might -Before means in front, so the people could see it happen and understand it. AT: "in the sight of Israel, who then understood that God had enabled their victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"The military power" -## The might ## +# they destroyed him -"the military power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## stronger and stronger ## - -The word "stronger" is repeated to show the people of Israel's growing strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "him" refers to Jabin who represents himself and his army. AT: "they destroyed Jabin and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/04/intro.md b/jdg/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a2312b9e15 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Judges 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Chapters 4 and 5 form one section about Barak and Deborah. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Barak's leadership ##### + +At this time, it was very unusual for a woman to be a leader, especially a military leader. Barak lacked the strength to go into battle without Deborah. This indicates that Barak was a poor leader. If a woman won the battle for him, it would have brought Barak shame. It also indicates that Deborah was very well respected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/01.md b/jdg/05/01.md index 099b61dcc7..d24eca64db 100644 --- a/jdg/05/01.md +++ b/jdg/05/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## On that day ## +# On that day -AT: "On the day the Israelites defeated the army of King Jabin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "On the day the Israelites defeated the army of King Jabin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Deborah ## +# Deborah -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md). +See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md). -## Barak…Abinoam ## +# Barak ... Abinoam -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md). +See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md). -## when the people gladly volunteer for war ## +# when the people gladly volunteer for war -“when the men agree to fight in battle” \ No newline at end of file +"when the men agree to fight in battle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/03.md b/jdg/05/03.md index 28114af19e..6c070d99ec 100644 --- a/jdg/05/03.md +++ b/jdg/05/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Deborah and Barak's song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## Listen, you kings! Pay attention, you leaders ## +Deborah and Barak's song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) -Both of these phrases mean the same thing. It is repeated for emphasis. +# Listen, you kings! Pay attention, you leaders -## when you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom ## +Deborah and Barak speak to the kings and leaders as if they were there listening to the song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom. Both of these phrases refer to Yahweh bringing the people of Israel into the land he had promised to give to Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# you kings ... you leaders + +This refers to kings and leaders in general, not to specific kings or leaders. + +# when you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom + +This refers to the time when the Israelites left Edom to start conquering the people in Canaan. Yahweh empowering his people to defeat the people of Canaan is spoken of as if he were a warrior leading the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Seir + +Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water + +Possible meanings are 1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh's power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or 2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/05.md b/jdg/05/05.md index 0e1292f3cd..7eed6eb8a5 100644 --- a/jdg/05/05.md +++ b/jdg/05/05.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## The mountains quaked before the face of Yahweh ## +# General Information: -This probably refers to earthquakes that Yahweh caused. The phrase "before the face of Yahweh" gives the impression that the mountains quaked because they were very afraid of Yahweh. This emphasizes how powerful Yahweh is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Deborah and Barak's song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) -## the face of Yahweh ## +# The mountains quaked -This refers to Yahweh's great and powerful presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This probably refers to earthquakes and gives the impression that the mountains quaked because they were very afraid of Yahweh. AT: "The mountains trembled in fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## In the days of ## +# before the face of Yahweh -"during the lifetime of" +Here "face" refers Yahweh's presence. AT: "in the presence of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Shamgar...Anath...Jael ## +# even Mount Sinai quaked -These are the names of men. See how you translated Shamgar and Anath in [Judges 3:31](../03/31.md), and Jael in [Judges 4:17](../04/17.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +When Moses and Israel were at Mount Sinai, it quaked. AT: "long ago, even Mount Sinai quaked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## son of Anath ## +# In the days of -Shamgar's father is mentioned to help identify Shamgar and when he lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +"During the lifetime of" -## the main roads were abandoned ## +# Shamgar ... Anath ... Jael -"people abandoned the main roads" or "people stopped using the main roads." People did this because they were afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These are the names of people. See how you translated Shamgar and Anath in [Judges 3:31](../03/31.md) and Jael in [Judges 4:18](../04/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the winding paths ## +# son of Anath + +Shamgar's father is mentioned to help identify Shamgar and when he lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# the main roads were abandoned + +This can be stated in active form and you can make explicit why the roads were abandoned AT: "people stopped using the main roads; because they were afraid of Israel's enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the winding paths This refers to smaller roads that fewer people traveled on. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/07.md b/jdg/05/07.md index 4954eae32f..652e068653 100644 --- a/jdg/05/07.md +++ b/jdg/05/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## There were no peasants in Israel ## +# a mother took command in Israel -If needed, the reason can be made clear. AT: "Because our enemies kept attacking our villages, there were no peasants in Israel" or "Because our enemies kept attacking us, there were no peasants living in the villages of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This speaks of Deborah's leadership as if she were the mother of the Israelites. AT: "I took care of the Israelites like a mother takes care of her children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## peasants ## +# they chose new gods -This probably refers to people who lived in unwalled villages and farmed the land. They may have had to leave their villages and land and go to the walled cities for protection, or to the wilderness where enemies would not find them. +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "the people of Israel worshiped new gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## forty thousand in Israel ## +# there was fighting at the city gates -"40,000 in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Here "gates" represents the entire city. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "enemies attacked the people within the Israelite cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## neither shields nor spears were seen among forty thousand in Israel ## +# there were no shields or spears seen among forty thousand in Israel -This statement is probably an exaggeration about how few weapons the Israelites had. AT: "few weapons for battle remained in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This statement is probably an exaggeration about how few weapons the Israelites had. AT: "few weapons for battle remained in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# forty thousand in Israel + +"40,000 in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/09.md b/jdg/05/09.md index a630554f52..fa14a7188b 100644 --- a/jdg/05/09.md +++ b/jdg/05/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## My heart goes out to the commanders of Israel ## +# My heart goes out to the commanders of Israel -The word "heart" refers to the emotions. AT: "I appreciate the commanders of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "heart" represents a person's emotions. The phrase "My heart goes out to" is a way of saying that Deborah feels gratitude or appreciation. AT: "I appreciate the commanders of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you who ride on white donkeys...you who walk along the road ## +# you who ride on white donkeys ... you who walk along the road -This probably refers to rich people and poor people. AT: "You rich people who ride on white donkeys ... you poor people who walk along the road." The two are used together to mean everyone. +This contrast probably refers to rich people and poor people. AT: "you rich people who ride on white donkeys ... you poor people who walk along the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## sitting on rugs for saddles ## +# sitting on rugs for saddles These rugs were probably used as saddles on the donkey's back to make the rider more comfortable. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/11.md b/jdg/05/11.md index 853728ce12..a5f1831cc8 100644 --- a/jdg/05/11.md +++ b/jdg/05/11.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -The song of Deborah and Barak continues. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The song of Deborah and Barak continues. + +# Hear the voices of those + +Here "voices" represents the people singing. AT: "Listen to those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# went down to the city gates + +Here "gates" represents the whole city. AT: "returned to their cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/12.md b/jdg/05/12.md index 0032c35f52..71f9caff4c 100644 --- a/jdg/05/12.md +++ b/jdg/05/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Deborah and Barak's song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## Awake, awake ## +Deborah and Barak's song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) -This word is repeated to add emphasis to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +# Awake, awake -## Deborah ## +Possible speakers are 1) the people of Israel or 2) Deborah who is speaking to herself or 3) the poet who wrote the song. + +# Deborah See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md). -## Barak... Abinoam ## +# Barak ... Abinoam See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md). -## to me among the warriors ## +# to me with the warriors The word "me" refers to Deborah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/14.md b/jdg/05/14.md index 784d78643c..22521a2d8d 100644 --- a/jdg/05/14.md +++ b/jdg/05/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## from Ephraim, whose root is in Amalek ## +# from Ephraim, whose root is in Amalek -People are said to have roots in an area if that is their home and where their family has developed, and the land where they live is often named after one of their ancestors. A tree growing from its root is used to describe the growing of a family. AT: "from the tribe of Ephraim, who are descended from Amalek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The people of Ephraim living in the land where the descendants of Amalek originally lived is spoken of as if the people of Ephraim were planted and their roots grew into the land. AT: "from Ephraim, that land where the descendants of Amalek once lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Machir ## +# followed you -This is the place where the descendants of Machir live. Machir was the son of Manasseh and the grandson of Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here "you" refers to the people of Ephraim. It can be stated in third person. AT: "followed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## those who carry an officer's staff ## +# Machir -Military leaders are described by the symbol of their authority. AT: "military leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the place where the descendants of Machir live. Machir was the son of Manasseh and the grandson of Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# from Zebulun those who carry an officer's staff + +Military leaders are described by the staff, a symbol of their authority. AT: "military leaders from Zebulun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/15.md b/jdg/05/15.md index 3c0d6b2e78..cdecc0a081 100644 --- a/jdg/05/15.md +++ b/jdg/05/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## And my princes ## +# My princes in Issachar were with Deborah -AT: "And Deborah's leaders" +Here "My" refers to Deborah. This whole statement can be translated in first person. AT: "My princes in Issachar were with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Deborah ## +# Deborah -See how you translated her name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md). +See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md). -## Issachar ## +# Issachar was with Barak -AT: "the tribe of Issachar" +Here "Issachar" refers to the tribe of Issachar. AT: "the tribe of Issachar was with Barak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Barak ## +# Barak -See how you translated his name in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md). +See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md). -## rushing after ## +# rushing after him into the valley under his command -"following after" or "running after" +"obeying his command and rushing after him into the valley" -## great searchings of heart ## +# rushing after -The people of Reuben are described as searching the part of the body connected with emotional decisions, the heart. AT: "fearful decisions to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) The people of Reuben needed to decide if they were willing to go to war with Deborah and Barak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"following after" or "hurrying after" + +# there were great searchings of heart + +Here "heart" represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. AT: "there was a lot of discussing about what they should do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/16.md b/jdg/05/16.md index ce0348fd73..2405982701 100644 --- a/jdg/05/16.md +++ b/jdg/05/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Why did you sit between the fireplaces, listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks? ## +# Why did you sit between the fireplaces, listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks? -This question is asked to criticize the people of Reuben because they did not decide to come fight in battle. AT: "Why did you sit around your fires listening to shepherds playing their pipes instead of preparing for battle?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is asked to criticize the people of Reuben because they did not decide to come fight in the battle. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should have helped us fight, instead of staying at home and listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## pipes ## +# the fireplaces -a simple musical instrument, like a flute +Some versions of the Bible have the translation "the sheepfolds" or "the sheep pens." -## searchings of heart ## +# there were great searchings of heart -See how you translated this in [Judges 5:15](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. See how you translated this in [Judges 5:15](./15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/17.md b/jdg/05/17.md index a5e97ed6df..db69219748 100644 --- a/jdg/05/17.md +++ b/jdg/05/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## And Dan, why did he wander about on ships? ## +# Gilead stayed -This question is asked to express anger because the people of the tribe of Dan would not fight for Israel. AT: "The people of the tribe of Dan thought it was more important to explore the sea in ships." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "Gilead" the men from Gilead who should have gone to fight in battle. AT: "The men of Gilead stayed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## harbors ## +# the other side of the Jordan + +This refers to the east side of the Jordan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Dan, why did he wander about on ships? + +This question is asked to express anger because the people of the tribe of Dan would not fight for Israel. AT: "the men of Dan should not have remained on their ships!" or "the people of the tribe of Dan did not help us in the battle. Instead they were wandering around on the sea in ships!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Dan, why did he + +Here "Dan" represents the men from Dan who should have gone to fight in battle. AT: "the men of Dan, why did they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wander about on ships + +The tribe of Dan was located near the Mediterranean sea. They sailed on the sea to make money through trade and fishing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Asher remained on the coast and lived close to his harbors + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "The people of the tribe of Asher also failed to help us, they just remained on the coast near their harbors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Asher remained + +Here "Asher" represents the men who should have gone to fight in battle. AT: "The men of Asher remained" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# harbors places at the seacoast with deeper water where ships were kept -## Naphtali, also ## +# Naphtali, also -AT: "Naphtali, also, would risk their lives to the point of death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "Naphtali was a tribe who would also risk their lives to the point of death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/19.md b/jdg/05/19.md index ded8e39650..8e6b1aefa8 100644 --- a/jdg/05/19.md +++ b/jdg/05/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Kings came and fought ## +# The kings came, they fought ... the kings of Canaan fought -The king of a people group is used to refer to the army he commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The king of a people group is used to refer to himself and the army he commands. AT: "The kings and their armies came and fought ... the kings of Canaan and their armies fought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Taanach... Megiddo ## +# they fought ... fought -See how you translated these places in [Judges 1:27](../01/27.md). +The word "us" is understood. AT: "they fought us ... fought us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## plunder ## +# Taanach ... Megiddo -things taken by force, usually in battle or by thieves. +Translate the names of these places as you did in [Judges 1:27](../01/27.md). -## From heaven the stars fought ## +# no silver as plunder -Even without help from the other tribes, God directed this battle from heaven like he directs the stars in the sky, and the rain too that affected this battle ([Judges 5:3](./03.md)). AT: "God directed the battle against Sisera like he directs the stars from heaven." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here "silver" represents any treasure in general. AT: "no silver or other treasures as plunder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Sisera ## +# plunder -See how you translated his name in [Judges 4:1](../04/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +things taken by force, usually in battle or by thieves + +# From heaven the stars fought, from their paths across the heavens they fought against Sisera + +Yahweh helping the Israelite to defeat Sisera and his army is spoken of as if the stars themselves fought against Sisera and his army. This may refer to Yahweh using natural elements, specifically rain storms, to defeat Sisera. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# against Sisera + +Here "Sisera" represents himself and his whole army. AT: "Sisera and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Sisera + +See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:2](../04/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/21.md b/jdg/05/21.md index ccf7c7be47..2323694b36 100644 --- a/jdg/05/21.md +++ b/jdg/05/21.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## The Kishon River swept them away ## +# The Kishon River swept them away -Because of the heavy rain the river flooded quickly and helped defeat Sisera's army and may have carried away many dead bodies. +Because of the heavy rain the river flooded quickly causing the chariots to be stuck in the mud and drowning many soldiers. AT: "The Kishon River flooded and swept away Sisera's soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Kishon ## +# Kishon See how you translated this in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md). -## swept ## +# March on my soul, be strong -to push or carry something away +Here "soul" refers to the whole person. The word "my" refers to Deborah. AT: "I tell myself to march on and to be strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## March on my soul ## +# Then the sound of horses' hooves—galloping, the galloping of his mighty ones -Deborah refers to herself by the part of her connected with bravery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This describes the sound of many horses running away from the battle. AT: "Then I heard the sound of horses running away. Sisera's mighty horses were running away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Then the sound of horses' hooves—galloping, the galloping of his mighty ones ## +# galloping -This describes the sound of many horses running away from the battle. AT: "Then I heard the sound of the enemies' horses running away, driven by their strong soldiers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## galloping ## - -when a horse runs. \ No newline at end of file +to run quickly \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/23.md b/jdg/05/23.md index 93cd3bab31..ab57e66571 100644 --- a/jdg/05/23.md +++ b/jdg/05/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Meroz ## +# Curse Meroz -The name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here "Meroz" represents the people who lived there. AT: "Curse the people of Meroz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## inhabitants ## +# Meroz -the people who live in a place +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## warriors ## +# inhabitants -AT: "men of war" or "soldiers" \ No newline at end of file +the people who live in a place \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/24.md b/jdg/05/24.md index 02b5644b63..062a9134bf 100644 --- a/jdg/05/24.md +++ b/jdg/05/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Jael ## +# Jael -See how you translated her name in [Judges 4:17](../04/17.md). +See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:18](../04/17.md). -## Heber ## +# Heber -See how you translated his name in [Judges 4:11](../04/11.md). +See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:11](../04/11.md). -## Kenite ## +# Kenite -See how you translated the name of this people group in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md). +Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md). -## a dish fit for princes ## +# brought him butter + +Here "butter" refers to curdled milk. This was the best milk and a favorite drink among Jael's people. AT: "brought him yogurt" or "brought him curds" + +# a dish fit for princes This phrase means the dish was of the best quality because princes were given the best things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/26.md b/jdg/05/26.md index 550c222998..a958ae3403 100644 --- a/jdg/05/26.md +++ b/jdg/05/26.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## She put her hand to ## +# She put her hand to the tent peg -AT: "Jael reached for" +"Jael grabbed the tent peg with her left hand" -## tent peg... pierced ## +# tent peg -See how you translated these in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md). +This is a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md). -## Sisera ## +# her right hand to the workman's hammer -See how you translated his name in [Judges 4:1](../04/01.md). +This can be stated as a complete sentence. AT: "she grabbed a hammer with her right hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## limp ## +# hammer -without strength or movement. +This is a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md). -## he was killed with violence ## +# Sisera -AT: "she killed him with violence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 4:2](../04/01.md). + +# limp + +without strength or movement + +# he was violently killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "she killed him" or "he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/28.md b/jdg/05/28.md index 4182528de1..8724a69084 100644 --- a/jdg/05/28.md +++ b/jdg/05/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Sisera ## +# the lattice -See how you translated his name in [Judges 4:1](../04/01.md). +This is a frame in the window made of crossed wood. -## lattice ## +# Why has it taken his chariot so long to come? Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots been delayed? -A structure made from strips of crossed wood. +Both of these questions mean the same thing. These two statements can be combined. AT: "Why is it taking Sisera so long to arrive home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Why have the hoofbeats of the horses...been delayed? ## +# taken his chariot ... Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots -The hoofbeats refer to the sound of Sisera's horses at his arrival. AT: "Why has Sisera's arrival been delayed?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## Why has it taken his chariot so long to come? Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots been delayed? ## - -Both questions are asked for the same purpose and say the same thing in different ways. They are both used to add emphasis to the mother of Sisera's sadness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these represent Sisera. AT: "taken Sisera ... Why has he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/29.md b/jdg/05/29.md index c3dd2a454f..bba17f1782 100644 --- a/jdg/05/29.md +++ b/jdg/05/29.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## princesses ## +# wisest princesses -A "princess" is the daughter of a king, but a "princess" can also mean female advisers to the king's family. +A "princess" is the daughter of a king, but a "princess" can also mean female advisers to the king's family. AT: "wisest ladies" -## Have they not found and divided up the plunder? ## +# she gave herself the same answer -Sisera's mother suggests that it is possible Sisera and his men have been delayed in coming back because they have many things to gather from their defeated enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"she said to herself the same thing" -## A womb, two wombs for every man ## +# Have they not found and divided up the plunder? -Women are referred to as the part of their body connected with pregnancy. Sisera's mother believes Sisera's men have captured many women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. AT: "They must have so much plunder that it is taking a long time to divide it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Sisera ## +# A womb, two wombs for every man ... of those who plunder? -See how you translated his name in [Judges 4:1](../04/01.md). +The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. AT: "There must be a womb, two wombs for every man ... of those who plunder." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## dyed fabric ## +# A womb, two wombs for every man + +Here "womb" represents a woman. Sisera's mother believes Sisera's men have captured many women. AT: "Each soldier will receive a woman or two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# dyed fabric "colored cloth" or "colored clothes" -## embroidered ## +# embroidered "nicely stitched" -## for the necks of those who plunder ## +# for the necks of those who plunder -Sisera's soldiers are referred to by the place on their bodies where the plundered clothes will be placed. AT: "for the necks of the soldiers who plunder." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "necks" represents Sisera's soldiers. AT: "for the soldiers who plunder to wear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/31.md b/jdg/05/31.md index 41232e4408..220512adcb 100644 --- a/jdg/05/31.md +++ b/jdg/05/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## let those who love him ## +# like the sun when it rises in its might -"let those who love Yahweh" +The people of Israel wish to be like the sun that rises because no nation's army is powerful enough to stop the sunrise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like the sun when it rises in its might ## +# the land had peace -The people of Israel wish to be like the sun that rises because no nation's army is powerful enough to stop the sunrise. AT: "too powerful to be defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "the land" represents the people of Israel. AT: "and the people of Israel lived peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the land had peace ## +# for forty years -The people of Israel are referred to by the land where they live. AT: "and the people of Israel had peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## for forty years ## - -"for 40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"for 40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/intro.md b/jdg/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..210eba0359 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Judges 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The account of Deborah and Barak continues in this chapter. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of Chapter 5, which is a song. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The flood ##### + +God caused rain and flooding to bog down Jaban's chariots making +them vulnerable to soldiers on foot, even though it is not said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/01.md b/jdg/06/01.md index 3b1d913975..68dde10bde 100644 --- a/jdg/06/01.md +++ b/jdg/06/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## what was evil in Yahweh's sight ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The power of Midian oppressed Israel ## +# the hand of Midian -God allowed the people of Midian to treat the people of Israel harshly. AT: "The people of Midian were more powerful than the people of Israel and oppressed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "Midian" represents the people of Midian. Also, "hand" represents control. AT: "the control of the people of Midian" or "the control of the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## dens ## +# The power of Midian oppressed Israel -places in the rocky cliffs that would provide shelter. \ No newline at end of file +Here "the power of Midian" refers to the people of Midian. AT: "The people of Midian were more powerful than the people of Israel and they oppressed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dens + +places in the rocky cliffs that would provide shelter \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/03.md b/jdg/06/03.md index 51cccff70d..6505d7e7de 100644 --- a/jdg/06/03.md +++ b/jdg/06/03.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -This chunk does not have any notes. \ No newline at end of file +# They would set up their army + +"The army would encamp" or "The army would set up their tents" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/05.md b/jdg/06/05.md index d7ea113249..8afb700227 100644 --- a/jdg/06/05.md +++ b/jdg/06/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## When they and their livestock ## +# Whenever they and their livestock and tents came up -"When the Midianites and their livestock" +The land of Midian was south of the land of Israel, near the Red Sea. It was common to use the phrase "came up" when speaking of traveling from Midian to Israel. AT: "Whenever the Midianites brought their livestock and tents to the land of Israel" -## they would come as a swarm of locusts ## +# they would come as a swarm of locusts -The Midianites are compared to a swarm of locusts because they came in with a great number of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The Midianites are compared to a swarm of locusts because they came in with a great number of people and their livestock ate everything that grew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## it was impossible to count ## +# it was impossible to count -This is a way to express the number is very great. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an exaggeration, a hyperbole, showing the number is very great. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Midian weakened + +Here "Midian" represents the people of Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# called out to Yahweh + +This is an idiom. AT: "prayed to Yahweh for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/07.md b/jdg/06/07.md index 65b5e2e7e2..2cacd10f76 100644 --- a/jdg/06/07.md +++ b/jdg/06/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## the house of slavery ## +# called out to Yahweh -The word "house" is used to describe an area people live in with a certain characteristic. Egypt is called a house of slavery because when the people of Israel lived in that place, they were slaves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "prayed to Yahweh for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# because of Midian + +Here "Midian" represents the people of Midian. AT: "because of the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I brought you up from Egypt + +"I led you out of Egypt" + +# the house of slavery + +Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. AT: "the place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/09.md b/jdg/06/09.md index 9b93c4ab42..b18d2a2b15 100644 --- a/jdg/06/09.md +++ b/jdg/06/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## obeyed my voice ## +# from the hand -Yahweh refers to himself by what is used to give a command. AT: "not obeyed my command" or "not obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +In this phrase "hand" represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# obeyed my voice + +- Here "my voice" represents what Yahweh commanded. AT: "obeyed my command" or "obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/11.md b/jdg/06/11.md index d9849337a1..f327369d1b 100644 --- a/jdg/06/11.md +++ b/jdg/06/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## the angel of Yahweh ## +# Now -In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. AT: "Yahweh who appeared as an angel" or "Yahweh" +This word is used here to mark a break in the storyline. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. -## Ophrah ## +# the angel of Yahweh -This is the name of a town. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. AT: "Yahweh, who appeared as an angel," or "Yahweh" -## Abiezrite ## +# Ophrah -A people group named after their ancestor Abiezer. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Abiezrite + +This is a people group named after their ancestor Abiezer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# was separating out the wheat by beating it on the floor + +This is a process called "threshing." Gideon was beating the wheat against the floor to separate the wheat grain from the rest of the wheat plant. + +# appeared to him + +"went to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/13.md b/jdg/06/13.md index aab8e190d9..03eb4885c5 100644 --- a/jdg/06/13.md +++ b/jdg/06/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## my master ## +# my master -Gideon uses the word “master” as a polite way to greet a stranger. He does not realize this Yahweh in the form of an angel. +Gideon uses the word "master" as a polite way to greet a stranger. He does not realize he is speaking to Yahweh in the form of an angel or a man. -## given us over to the power of Midian ## +# Where are all his wonderful deeds that our fathers told us about, when they said, 'Did not Yahweh bring us up from Egypt?' -AT: "allowed us to be defeated in battle and ruled by the people from Gideon" \ No newline at end of file +Gideon uses a question to challenge the stranger's statement that Yahweh was with him. Also, the direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "We have not seen any wonderful deeds like the ones our fathers told us about when Yahweh brought them up from Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# gave us into the hand of Midian + +The phrase "gave us into" means Yahweh allowed the Israelites to be defeated. AT: "allowed the Midianites to defeat us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# gave us into the hand + +Here "hand" represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of Midian + +Here "Midian" represents the people of Midian. AT: "of the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/14.md b/jdg/06/14.md index d4e0049d39..fcd404937c 100644 --- a/jdg/06/14.md +++ b/jdg/06/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## Yahweh looked at him ## +# Yahweh looked at him "Yahweh looked at Gideon" -## Have I not sent you? ## +# from the hand -"I, Yahweh, have sent you!". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "hand" represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Please, Lord ## +# of Midian -"Please, Yahweh, I cannot possibly deliver your people, Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] ) +Here "Midian" represents the people of Midian. AT: "of the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## See... ## +# Have I not sent you? -To understand something is often described as being able to see it. AT: “Please understand...” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses a question to ensure Gideon that he is sending him. Here "sent" means Yahweh has appointed Gideon with a specific task. AT: "I, Yahweh, am sending you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Please, Lord + +Gideon now calls the person "Lord" instead of "my master" as in [Judges 6:13](./13.md). Here it seems Gideon either knows or suspects that he is speaking with Yahweh. + +# how can I deliver Israel? + +Gideon uses a question to emphasize that he does not think he can rescue the Israelites. AT: "I cannot possibly rescue the Israelites!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# See + +"Please understand" or "Listen" + +# in Manasseh + +"in the tribe of Manasseh" + +# in my father's house + +Here "house" represents a family. AT: "in my father's family" or "in my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/16.md b/jdg/06/16.md index e1e26821eb..f4a87d2fd4 100644 --- a/jdg/06/16.md +++ b/jdg/06/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## set it before you ## +# I will be with you -This describes a way to offer something to someone else. "place it in front of you" \ No newline at end of file +Here "be with you" is an idiom that means Yahweh will help and bless Gideon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# as one man + +You can state the full meaning explicitly. AT: "as easily as if you were fighting only one man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# set it before you + +"place it in front of you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/19.md b/jdg/06/19.md index e189b0f0b3..82f94f1f92 100644 --- a/jdg/06/19.md +++ b/jdg/06/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## broth ## +# from an ephah of flour -water that has had food, such as meat, cooked in it. +If it is necessary to use a modern measurement; here is one way of doing it. AT: "with 22 liters of flour" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## them to him ## +# broth -“them to the angel of God” +water that has had food, such as meat, cooked in it -## angel of God ## +# them to him -This is the same as the angel of Yahweh. AT: "God who was in the form of an angel" or "God" \ No newline at end of file +"them to the angel of God" + +# angel of God + +This is the same as the angel of Yahweh. AT: "God, who was in the form of an angel" or "God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/21.md b/jdg/06/21.md index 136dcedaa2..ec808a9280 100644 --- a/jdg/06/21.md +++ b/jdg/06/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## angel of Yahweh ## +# angel of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](./11.md). \ No newline at end of file +In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](./11.md). + +# went away + +"disappeared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/22.md b/jdg/06/22.md index a0565b4f5e..5418b4bfdd 100644 --- a/jdg/06/22.md +++ b/jdg/06/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## angel of Yahweh ## +# angel of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](./11.md). +In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](./11.md). -## face to face ## +# Ah, Lord Yahweh! -This phrase refers to two people being close to each other. AT: "as one sees when visiting with another person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The word "Ah" here shows that Gideon was very frightened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## Ophrah ## +# seen the angel of Yahweh face to face -See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 6:11](./11.md). +This phrase refers to two people being close to each other. AT: "really seen the angel of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Abiezrites ## +# Yahweh said to him -See how you translated the name of this people group in [Judges 6:11](./11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Apparently Yahweh spoke to Gideon from heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# To this day + +This means to the time when the book of Judges was written. + +# Ophrah + +Translate the name of this town as you did in [Judges 6:11](./11.md). + +# the clan of Abiezer + +Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](./11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/25.md b/jdg/06/25.md index e27897e3ce..661e47e1c9 100644 --- a/jdg/06/25.md +++ b/jdg/06/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## that is beside it ## +# a second bull + +The word "second" is the ordinal number for "two." AT: "another bull" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# that is beside it "that is beside the altar of Baal" -## constructed in the correct way ## +# on the top of this place of refuge -"built according to the Law of Moses for sacrificing burnt offerings" \ No newline at end of file +The city of Ophrah was on top of a hill. Israelites fled there for refuge from the Midianites. + +# construct it the correct way + +"place the stones in an orderly manner" or "and build it properly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/27.md b/jdg/06/27.md index bbc7e6df88..1c5ef4ce28 100644 --- a/jdg/06/27.md +++ b/jdg/06/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## did as Yahweh had told him ## +# did as Yahweh had told him -This refers to Yahweh's command in [Judges 6:25](./25.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Yahweh's command in [Judges 6:25-26](./25.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/28.md b/jdg/06/28.md index f427184a2b..8bfc4ab842 100644 --- a/jdg/06/28.md +++ b/jdg/06/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## got up ## +# got up -AT: "got up out of bed" or "woke up" \ No newline at end of file +"got up out of bed" or "woke up" + +# the altar of Baal was broken down, and the Asherah that was beside it was cut down, and the second bull had been offered on the altar that had been built + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they noticed that someone had broken down the altar of Baal, cut down the Asherah that was beside it, and built an altar and sacrificed the second bull on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/30.md b/jdg/06/30.md index ade2c73c69..aefc5a047e 100644 --- a/jdg/06/30.md +++ b/jdg/06/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## he may be put to death ## +# he may be put to death -AT: "we may kill him as punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we may kill him as punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/31.md b/jdg/06/31.md index 643ae158b8..c35b9f516f 100644 --- a/jdg/06/31.md +++ b/jdg/06/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Will you plead the case for Baal? ## +# Will you plead the case for Baal? -This question is asked to express the people should not defend Baal. AT: "You should not defend Baal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to defend a god. AT: "You should not have to defend Baal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## plead the case ## +# plead the case -AT: "make a defense" or "give an excuse" +"make a defense" or "give an excuse" -## Will you save him? ## +# Will you save him? -This question is asked to express the people should not try to save Baal. AT: "You should not try to save Baal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to rescue a god. AT: "You should not have to save Baal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Jerub Baal ## +# Jerub Baal -This is the name of a man. It means "let Baal defend himself". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is another name for Gideon. It means "let Baal defend himself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## because he said ## +# because he said "because Joash said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/33.md b/jdg/06/33.md index 083e91f896..110c6cc3b7 100644 --- a/jdg/06/33.md +++ b/jdg/06/33.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## gathered together ## +# Now -"gathered together as an army" \ No newline at end of file +This word is used here to mark a break in the storyline. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# gathered together + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "gathered together as an army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/34.md b/jdg/06/34.md index e6afd8eafc..c819bf4de3 100644 --- a/jdg/06/34.md +++ b/jdg/06/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## covered Gideon ## +# came over Gideon -To be covered by God's spirit describes God's influence as well as protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "took control of Gideon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## clan of Abiezer ## +# clan of Abiezer -"Abiezrites" See how you translated the name of this people group in [Judges 6:11](./11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](./11.md). + +# so they might follow him + +The words "to battle" are understood. AT: "so they might follow him to battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# and they too, were called out to follow him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "calling them out to follow him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali + +These all represent the people of each tribe. AT: "to the tribes of Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/36.md b/jdg/06/36.md index f3993f7089..e08eff2e62 100644 --- a/jdg/06/36.md +++ b/jdg/06/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Look ## +# woolen fleece -To look at something is often associated with asking for agreement on a matter. AT: "Please agree with what I am doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +the woolly coat of a sheep -## woolen fleece ## +# dew -the wooly coat of a sheep. +water that forms on plants during the night -## dew ## +# then I will know that you will -water that forms on plants during the night. - -## I will know that you will ## - -Gideon asks God to do what is impossible to prove his intention. AT: "through that miracle, I will know that you will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "this will be a sign from you, and then I will know that you will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/38.md b/jdg/06/38.md index b36c7ee2da..11ad0071fa 100644 --- a/jdg/06/38.md +++ b/jdg/06/38.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Gideon rose ## +# Gideon rose -"Gideon woke up" +"Gideon got out of bed" -## wrung ## +# wrung -to twist and squeeze something to remove water. \ No newline at end of file +twist and squeeze something to remove water \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/39.md b/jdg/06/39.md deleted file mode 100644 index 887592efcd..0000000000 --- a/jdg/06/39.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/06/intro.md b/jdg/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b7f6656fc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Judges 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a section about Gideon. (Chapters 6-8) + +##### Special concepts in this chapter ##### + +##### Israel's punishment ##### +In Judges, Israel's actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/01.md b/jdg/07/01.md index 3b60d2fb78..ca64891c67 100644 --- a/jdg/07/01.md +++ b/jdg/07/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Jerub Baal ## +# Jerub Baal -See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:31](../06/31.md). +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). -## spring of Harod...hill of Moreh ## +# they encamped -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"they set up their camp" + +# spring of Harod ... hill of Moreh + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The camp of Midian was to their north + +Here "Midian" represents the Midianite army. AT: "The Midianite army set up their camp to the north of the Israelite army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/02.md b/jdg/07/02.md index c3039fe154..4459571ffc 100644 --- a/jdg/07/02.md +++ b/jdg/07/02.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## proclaim in the ears of the people ## +# for me to give you victory over the Midianites -The people are referred to by the part of their body used to hear. AT: "proclaim to the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "victory" is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. AT: "for me to allow you to defeat the Midianites" or "for me to cause you to be victorious over the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Whoever is afraid, whoever trembles ## +# Our own power has saved us -Both of these phrases have the same meaning. They are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here "power" represents the people themselves. AT: "We have saved ourselves without God's help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## trembles ## +# Now -This word describes fear that causes a person to uncontrollably shake. "shakes with fear" +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## let him return ## +# proclaim in the ears of the people -AT: "let him return to his home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "the ears" refers to the whole person. AT: "proclaim to the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Mount Gilead ## +# Whoever is afraid, whoever trembles -This is the name of a mountain in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# trembles + +This word describes fear that causes a person to uncontrollably shake. AT: "shakes with fear" + +# let him return + +You can make explicit where he will go. AT: "let him return to his home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Mount Gilead + +This is the name of a mountain in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twenty-two thousand + +"22,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# ten thousand remained + +The word "people" or "men" is understood. AT: "10,000 people remained" or "10,000 men remained" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# ten thousand + +"10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/04.md b/jdg/07/04.md index d5af6f133d..ad065ebbd5 100644 --- a/jdg/07/04.md +++ b/jdg/07/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## I will make their number smaller for you there ## +# I will make their number smaller for you there -The army is referred to by its number of men. AT: "At the spring, I will show you who to send home so the army will have less men" \ No newline at end of file +Here "number" represents the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "there, I will show you who to send home so the army will have less men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/05.md b/jdg/07/05.md index b0f3da6035..c712cd499a 100644 --- a/jdg/07/05.md +++ b/jdg/07/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Three hundred men ## +# Gideon brought + +The word "brought" can be translated as "took" or "led." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# laps + +to drink by licking with the tongue + +# Three hundred men "300 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/07.md b/jdg/07/07.md index 0d544e7542..68135c2cb7 100644 --- a/jdg/07/07.md +++ b/jdg/07/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## three hundred men ## +# three hundred men -"300 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"300 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# I will rescue you and give you victory + +Here "you" is plural and refers to Gideon and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# So those who were chosen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So those whom Yahweh chose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# took their supplies and their trumpets + +Here "their" refers to the Israelite soldiers who were leaving the army. + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the storyline. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/09.md b/jdg/07/09.md index 0d6419fcd8..abac9c29ff 100644 --- a/jdg/07/09.md +++ b/jdg/07/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Attack the camp ## +# Attack the camp, for I am going to give you victory over it -The Midianite army is referred to by their camp. AT: "Attack the Midianites at their camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "camp" refers to the whole Midianite army. The word "victory" is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. AT: "Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to help you defeat them" or "Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to cause you to be victorious over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## afraid to go down ## +# afraid to go down -AT: "afraid to go down to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "afraid to go down to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Purah ## +# Purah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## your courage will be strengthened ## +# your courage will be strengthened -"you will be encouraged" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what you hear will be encourage you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## guardposts ## +# guard posts -places around the edge of an area where soldiers stand to watch for an enemy army. \ No newline at end of file +places around the edge of an area where soldiers stand to watch for an enemy army \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/12.md b/jdg/07/12.md index 613fa3b428..54c7a5b63c 100644 --- a/jdg/07/12.md +++ b/jdg/07/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## as thick as a cloud of locusts ## +# as thick as a cloud of locusts -The army camp is compared to a swarm of locusts because there are many people camped in a small area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "cloud" means a swarm. The author speaks of the army as if it were a swarm of locusts to emphasize how many soldiers there were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## they were more in number than the grains of the sand on the seashore ## +# Their camels were more ... in number than the grains of the sand on the seashore -AT: "There were a great number of camels." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +The author uses a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that there were very many camels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Their camels were more than could be counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Their camels were more than anyone could count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/13.md b/jdg/07/13.md index b7e8d135ca..5b41f2ea76 100644 --- a/jdg/07/13.md +++ b/jdg/07/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the sword of Gideon ## +# This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon -The attack is described as the weapon used by Gideon during battle. The army is referred to by their leader Gideon. AT: "the attack of Gideon's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "the sword of Gideon" refers to Gideon's army attacking. AT: "The loaf of barley bread in your dream must be the army of Gideon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God has given him victory over Midian + +This future event is spoken of as if it were a past event. This emphasizes that it will certainly happen. AT: "God will certainly help the Israelites defeat the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/15.md b/jdg/07/15.md index 0d544e7542..4a3750d883 100644 --- a/jdg/07/15.md +++ b/jdg/07/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## three hundred men ## +# three hundred men -"300 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"300 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/17.md b/jdg/07/17.md index 887592efcd..3c6e359b8d 100644 --- a/jdg/07/17.md +++ b/jdg/07/17.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# For Yahweh and for Gideon! + +The words "we fight" are implied. AT: "We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/19.md b/jdg/07/19.md index 45fb8d77ac..b87ac9a8ae 100644 --- a/jdg/07/19.md +++ b/jdg/07/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## hundred men ## +# hundred men -"100 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"100 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# right at the beginning of the middle watch + +The beginning of the middle watch would be around 10 o'clock at night. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/20.md b/jdg/07/20.md index 72db69297e..bed1bc3e00 100644 --- a/jdg/07/20.md +++ b/jdg/07/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## sword of Yahweh and of Gideon ## +# The sword of Yahweh and of Gideon -The word "sword" is used to refer to the army that Yahweh and Gideon lead. The people in the army call themselves swords because that is what they use to fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "sword" refers to their fighting. AT: "We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/22.md b/jdg/07/22.md index 6e40f52675..213d712371 100644 --- a/jdg/07/22.md +++ b/jdg/07/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## three hundred trumpets ## +# three hundred trumpets -"300 trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"300 trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Yahweh set every Midianite man’s sword against his comrades ## +# Yahweh set every Midianite man's sword against his comrades -The swords of the Midianite men are used to refer to their attack with the use of the sword. AT: "Yahweh caused every Midianite man to fight against his fellow soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "sword" refers to their attack with the use of the sword. AT: "Yahweh caused every Midianite man to fight against his fellow soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Beth Shittah...Zererah...Abel Meholah...Tabbath. ## +# Beth Shittah ... Zererah ... Abel Meholah ... Tabbath -These are the names of towns and cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of towns and cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The men of Israel from Naphtali, Asher, and all Manasseh were called out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Gideon called out the Israelites from the tribes of Naphtali, Asher, and all Mannasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/24.md b/jdg/07/24.md index 17df3771f0..a02051900d 100644 --- a/jdg/07/24.md +++ b/jdg/07/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Beth Barah ## +# Beth Barah This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Oreb... Zeeb ## +# took control of the waters, as far as Beth Barah and the Jordan River -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"took control of the area of the Jordan River as far south as Beth Barah" + +# at the rock of Oreb ... at the winepress of Zeeb + +The places were given these names after the Israelites killed Oreb and Zeeb there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Oreb ... Zeeb + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/07/intro.md b/jdg/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..56d6e85c74 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Judges 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The account of Gideon continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God gets all of the credit ##### + +God said, "There are too many soldiers for me to give you victory over the Midianites. Make sure that Israel will not boast against me, saying, 'Our own power has saved us.'" By lowering the number of fighting soldiers, it emphasizes that the victory is achieved through God's power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/01.md b/jdg/08/01.md index 094a258459..8fe2823d77 100644 --- a/jdg/08/01.md +++ b/jdg/08/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## What is this you have done to us? ## +# What is this you have done to us? -They used this question to make Gideon think about what he had done and to show their anger. AT: "You have not treated us fairly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The people of the tribe of Ephraim were rebuking Gideon with this rhetorical question for not including them in his army. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "You have not treated us fairly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## they argued with him with force ## +# against Midian -"they argued passionately with him" or "they rebuked him severely" \ No newline at end of file +Here "Midian" represents the Midianite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they had a violent argument with him + +they argued angrily with him" or "they rebuked him severely" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/02.md b/jdg/08/02.md index 915e6d2d80..0cf19c654a 100644 --- a/jdg/08/02.md +++ b/jdg/08/02.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Gideon replies to the men from Ephraim. -## Are not the gleanings of Ephraim's grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? ## +# What have I done now compared to you? -Gideon used this question to emphasize that the descendants of Ephraim had greater success in battle than the descendants of Abiezer. AT: “The grapes that were left over after you Ephraimites gathered your harvest are more than the whole harvest that we descendants of Abiezer gathered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. AT: "I have done very little compared with what you have done!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Abiezer ## +# Are not the gleanings of Ephraim's grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? -This is the name of one of Gideon's ancestors. Gideon used his name to refer to Abiezer's descendants and their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Gideon was calming the people of Ephraim with this rhetorical question. AT: "Certainly the grapes you people of Ephraim gleaned are better than what we the descendants of Abiezer gathered from the whole harvest!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the princes of Midian ## +# Are not the gleanings of Ephraim's grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? -Gideon said "princes of Midian" to refer to the the princes and their armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Gideon and his army defeating the Medianites is spoken of as if it were a grape harvest. The people of Ephraim killing Oreb and Zeeb at the end of the battle is spoken of as if they were gleaning grapes at the end of the harvest. AT: "What you people of Ephraim did at the end of the battle is more important than what we descendants of Abiezer did at the beginning." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Oreb and Zeeb ## +# Abiezer -See how you translated the names of these men in [Judges 7:24](../07/24.md). +This is the name of one of Gideon's ancestors. Gideon used his name to refer to Abiezer's descendants and their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## What have I done now compared to you? ## +# Oreb and Zeeb -Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim and emphasize they have done greater things than he has. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +See how you translated these names in [Judges 7:25](../07/24.md). -## accomplished ## +# What have I accomplished compared to you? -AT: "been able to do" +Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "What you have done is more important than what I have done." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## died down ## +# died down "became less" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/04.md b/jdg/08/04.md index bafece9a49..64484a2e61 100644 --- a/jdg/08/04.md +++ b/jdg/08/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## he and the three hundred men who were with him ## - -Gideon was the leader. This phrase clarifies that the three hundred men also went across the Jordan with him. AT: "he and the three hundred men who were with him crossed the Jordan" - -## the three hundred men ## +# the three hundred men "the 300 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## kept up the pursuit ## +# kept up the pursuit -"continued to chase their enemies" +The word "pursuit," an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. AT: "continued to chase their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Zebah and Zalmunna ## +# Zebah and Zalmunna These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/06.md b/jdg/08/06.md index cb06d721e4..12a198e29d 100644 --- a/jdg/08/06.md +++ b/jdg/08/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Have you already overpowered Zebah and Zalmunna? ## +# Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand? -This question emphasizes that Gideon had not captured Zebah and Zalmunna. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The leaders use a question to emphasize that the Israelites have not yet captured Zebah and Zalumnna. AT: "You have not captured Zebah and Zalmunna yet." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## We do not know why we should give bread to your army ## +# Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna -They are refusing to help Gideon. AT: "We will not give bread to your army" or "Only if you overpower them first, we will give bread to your army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "hands" refer to the whole body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## I will tear up your flesh with the desert thorns and briers ## +# now in your hand -The "desert thorns and briers" will be made into whips to use on the people of Succoth. AT: "I will make whips out of desert thorns and briers and use them to beat you and cut you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "hand" represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## thorns and briers ## +# Why should we give bread to your army? -sharp, pointed pieces of vines or limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals \ No newline at end of file +The leaders use a question to emphasize that they have no reason to give bread to the Israelites. AT: "We see no reason to give bread to your army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will tear your skin with the desert thorns and briers + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "I will make whips out of desert thorns and briers and use them to beat you and cut you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# thorns and briers + +sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/08.md b/jdg/08/08.md index 9b6c4cf2c2..b4b63e09cd 100644 --- a/jdg/08/08.md +++ b/jdg/08/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Penuel ## +# He went up from there + +Here "He" refers to Gideon. Gideon represents himself and the soldiers following him. AT: "They left there" or "Gideon and his 300 men left there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Peniel The name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and spoke to the people there in the same way ## +# spoke to the people there in the same way -AT: "and asked for food there in the same way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "asked for food there in the same way" or "he also asked them for food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## When I come again in peace ## +# When I come again in peace -The word "peace" refers to the time after Gideon has defeated the other kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite way of referring to the defeat of his enemies. AT: "After I have completely defeated the Midian army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# I will pull down this tower + +Here "I" refers to Gideon and represents himself and his men. AT: "My men and I will pull down this tower" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/10.md b/jdg/08/10.md index 9c5eb5f340..d146b16bc4 100644 --- a/jdg/08/10.md +++ b/jdg/08/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Zebah and Zalmunna ## +# Now -See how you translated these men's names in (See: [Judges 8:4](./04.md)) +This word is used here to mark a break in the storyline. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. -## Karkor ## +# Zebah and Zalmunna -The name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](./04.md). -## there had fallen ## +# Karkor -A person who dies in battle is described as a person who has fallen. AT: "there had been killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## who had drawn the sword ## +# fifteen thousand men -AT: "who had fought in the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"15,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# had fallen + +This is a polite way of referring to people who died in battle. AT: "had been killed" or "had died in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# 120,000 men + +"one hundred thousand men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# men who were trained to fight with the sword + +This is a way of referring to soldiers. AT: "soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with the sword + +Here "sword" represents the swords and other weapons that soldiers used in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/11.md b/jdg/08/11.md index 1bb2219e8e..d6f3eca695 100644 --- a/jdg/08/11.md +++ b/jdg/08/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Nomad ## +# Gideon went up -people who travel from place to place to find areas where their flocks and herds can eat grass and drink water. +Here "Gideon" represents himself and all of his soldiers. AT: "Gideon and his soldiers went up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Nobah and Jogbehah ## +# He defeated + +Here "He" refers to Gideon and represents himself and all of his soldiers. AT: "Gideon and his soldiers defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Nobah and Jogbehah These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Zebah and Zalmunna ## +# Zebah and Zalmunna -See how you translated their names in [Judges 8:4](./04.md). +See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](./04.md). -## panic ## +# panic -extreme fear or worry that makes someone unable to think or act normally. \ No newline at end of file +extreme fear or worry that makes someone unable to think or act normally \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/13.md b/jdg/08/13.md index 1daf950710..b2f275f681 100644 --- a/jdg/08/13.md +++ b/jdg/08/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the Pass of Heres ## +# the pass of Heres -This is the name of a road that passes between a mountain range. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a road that passes between two mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## He ran into a young man ## +# He ran into a young man -To run into someone is a phrase that means to unexpectedly meet someone during a journey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "He met a young man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## seventy-seven men ## +# sought advice from him -seven men** - "77 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +It can be stated explicitly what Gideon asked the young man. AT: "he asked him to identify all the names of the leaders in the town" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# seventy-seven men + +"77 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/15.md b/jdg/08/15.md index 60e95a4f2c..31a51647de 100644 --- a/jdg/08/15.md +++ b/jdg/08/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Zebah and Zalmunna ## +# Zebah and Zalmunna -See how you translated this men's names in [Judges 8:4](./04.md). +See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](./04.md). -## Have you already conquered Zebah and Zalmunna? We do not know that we should give bread to your army ## +# Have you already conquered Zebah and Zalmunna? -AT: 'You have not caught Zebah and Zalmunna yet! After you catch them, we will give your exhausted men some food.'~" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Gideon quotes the people of Succoth as using a question to mock him. AT: "You have not yet conquered Zebah and Zalmunna." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## thorns and briers ## +# Gideon took ... he punished ... he pulled -sharp, pointed pieces of vines or limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals. +Here "Gideon" represents himself and his soldiers. AT: "Gideon and his soldiers took ... they punished ... they pulled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Penuel ## +# thorns and briers -See how you translated this in [Judges 8:8](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file +These are sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals. See how you translated this in [Judges 8:7](./06.md). + +# Peniel + +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 8:8](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/18.md b/jdg/08/18.md index 1ef4c5a214..8ae24202de 100644 --- a/jdg/08/18.md +++ b/jdg/08/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Zebah and Zalmunna ## +# Zebah and Zalmunna -See how you translated this in [Judges 8:4](./04.md). +See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](./04.md). -## Tabor ## +# Tabor -See how you translated this in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md). +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md). -## As you are, so were they ## +# As you are, so were they -AT: "They were just like you" +"They were just like you" -## As Yahweh lives ## +# As Yahweh lives -a religious oath that what he is about to say is true. It is used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This idiom is a religious oath used for emphasis that what he is about to say is true. AT: "I promise you that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/20.md b/jdg/08/20.md index a80cf54d39..fd5aee12d2 100644 --- a/jdg/08/20.md +++ b/jdg/08/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Jether ## +# Jether -This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +This is the name of Gideon's son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## for as the man is, so is his strength. ## +# For as the man is, so is his strength -A man's son is referred to as his strength. AT: "For as the man is, so is his son." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "It is a job for a man to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## crescent ## +# crescent -a curved shape with two points. This shape is made by the moon when it is mostly covered in shadow. +This is a curved shape with two points. This shape occurs when the moon is mostly covered in shadow. -## ornaments ## +# ornaments "decorations" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/22.md b/jdg/08/22.md index d5ea539637..d265e8fd8f 100644 --- a/jdg/08/22.md +++ b/jdg/08/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## you, your son, and your grandson ## +# you, your son, and your grandson -AT: "you and your descendants, - after you die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This implies that they want Gideon's descendants to rule over them after he dies. AT: "you and your descendants after you die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# out of the hand of Midian + +Here "hand" represents the power of Midian over Israel. AT: "from the power of Midian" or "from Midian" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of Midian + +Here "Midian" represents the people of Midian. AT: "of the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/24.md b/jdg/08/24.md index 23c653ae49..67776f8ed2 100644 --- a/jdg/08/24.md +++ b/jdg/08/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Gideon said to them ## +# Gideon said to them "Gideon said to the men of Israel" -## earrings ## +# earrings -jewelry worn on the ear. +jewelry worn on the ear -## plunder ## +# plunder -things stolen by force. +things stolen by force or taken off of people killed in war -## cloak ## +# The Midianites had golden earrings because they were Ishmaelites -a piece of clothing made from a large piece of fabric and worn over the shoulders as a coat. \ No newline at end of file +Here the narrator tells background information about the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# cloak + +clothing made from a large piece of fabric and worn over the shoulders as a coat \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/26.md b/jdg/08/26.md index a34abc8d34..849af1e022 100644 --- a/jdg/08/26.md +++ b/jdg/08/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## crescent ornaments ## +# 1,700 shekels of gold -See how you translated this in [Judges 8:20](./20.md). +"one thousand seven hundred shekels of gold." If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "18.7 kilograms of gold" or "about 20 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## pendants ## +# crescent ornaments -a piece of jewelry that hangs on the chain or cord of a necklace. \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Judges 8:21](./20.md). + +# pendants + +pieces of jewelry that hang at the end of the chains or cords of necklaces + +# that was worn by the kings of Midian + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the kings of Midian wore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/27.md b/jdg/08/27.md index 2c3d46e243..26fc7780a6 100644 --- a/jdg/08/27.md +++ b/jdg/08/27.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## Ophrah ## +# Gideon made an ephod out of the earrings -See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). +"Gideon used the gold from the earrings to make an ephod" -## all Israel prostituted themselves by worshiping it ## +# Ophrah -The worship of the ephod is compared to prostitution because like a prostitute gives pleasure to men who are not her husband to get money, the Israelites have given worship to something that is not their God to have success. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). -## It became a trap ## +# all Israel prostituted themselves by worshiping it there -The worship of the ephod is compared to a trap because they thought it was good but it was harmful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of worshiping a false god as if it were prostitution. AT: "the Israelites sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the ephod there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they did not raise their heads up again ## +# all Israel -To have a raised head is associated with having confidence. They did not have confidence in their ability to attack Israel and defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "all" is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many worshiped the garment. AT: "very many people in Israel worshiped the garment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## forty years ## +# It became a trap for Gideon and for those in his house + +This speaks of Gideon and his family being tempted to worship the ephod as if the ephod were a hunter's snare that would trap them. AT: "It became a temptation for Gideon and his family" or "Gideon and his family sinned by worshiping it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for those in his house + +Here "his house" represents Gideon's family. AT: "for his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# So Midian was subdued before the people of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So Yahweh subdued the Midianites before the people of Israel" or "So Yahweh helped the Israelites defeat the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they did not raise their heads up again + +This is an idiom. AT: "they did not attack Israel again" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# So the land had peace + +Here "land" represents the people of Israel. AT: "So the Israelites lived peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# forty years "40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## in the days of Gideon ## +# in the days of Gideon -The life of Gideon is referred to by the days that made up his life. AT: "During the life of Gideon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"during the life of Gideon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/29.md b/jdg/08/29.md index 5e30e2e482..8e525fa764 100644 --- a/jdg/08/29.md +++ b/jdg/08/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Jerub Baal ## +# Jerub Baal -See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:31](../06/31.md). +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). -## seventy sons ## +# seventy sons "70 sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/32.md b/jdg/08/32.md index 5efce35cd3..dbea29dc33 100644 --- a/jdg/08/32.md +++ b/jdg/08/32.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## a good old age ## +# a good old age -AT: "very old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "when he was very old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Ophrah ## +# was buried -See how you translated the name of this place in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Abiezrites ## +# Ophrah -See how you translated the name of this people group in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). -## turned again ## +# the clan of Abiezer -AT: "turned away from God" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). -## prostituted themselves by worshiping the Baals ## +# It came about -AT: gave themselves to worship the images of the god Baal, like adultresses leave their husbands and go to other men. . (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Baal Berith ## +# turned again + +The people rejecting Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically turned away from him. AT: "they stopped worshiping Yahwheh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# prostituted themselves by worshiping the Baals + +This speaks of worshiping false gods as if it were prostitution. AT: "they sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the Baals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Baal-Berith This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/34.md b/jdg/08/34.md index c3ea3fe259..6b7f197cf0 100644 --- a/jdg/08/34.md +++ b/jdg/08/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## on every side ## +# from the hand of all their enemies + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "from the power of all their enemies" or "from all their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on every side "who surrounded them" -## Jerub Baal ## +# the house of Jerub Baal -See how you translated this in [Judges 6:31](../06/31.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "the house of" represents a person's family. AT: "the family of Jerub Baal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Jerub Baal + +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/08/intro.md b/jdg/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3c151f4dbd --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Judges 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The account of Gideon concludes in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Succoth's refusal to help Gideon ##### +The men of Succoth feared the Midianites more than Gideon. This is why they refused to help Gideon. By allying themselves with the Midianites, they aligned themselves against Yahweh. Because of this, Gideon treated them like he treated the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Gideon refuses to be king ##### + +Gideon said to them, "I will not rule over you, neither will my son rule over you. Yahweh will rule over you." Although the book of Deuteronomy anticipates a king in Israel, it was sinful for Israel to desire to have a king. He did though take a share of everyone's plunder as a king would have done through taxes. This may serve as a warning to Israel about their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/01.md b/jdg/09/01.md index e8544bdfe5..c20a6b02a7 100644 --- a/jdg/09/01.md +++ b/jdg/09/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Jerub Baal ## +# Jerub Baal -See how you translated this in [Judges 6:31](../06/31.md). +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). -## his mother’s relatives ## +# Please say this, so that all the leaders in Shechem may hear, 'Which is better for you, that all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over you, or that just one rule over you?' -"the relatives of his mother" +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Please ask the leaders of Shechem if they would rather have all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over them, or if they would rather have just one of his sons rule over them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## seventy ## +# seventy "70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## I am your bone and your flesh. ## +# I am your bone and your flesh -"I am a member of your family." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "your bone and your flesh" represents being someone's relative. AT: "I am a member of your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/03.md b/jdg/09/03.md index c800c2319d..5ac353593d 100644 --- a/jdg/09/03.md +++ b/jdg/09/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## His mother’s relatives spoke for him to the leaders ## +# His mother's relatives spoke for him to the leaders -This means that the relatives of the mother of Abimelech spoke to the leaders. +This means that the relatives of the mother of Abimelech spoke to the leaders, suggesting that they make Abimelech their king. -## seventy ## +# they agreed to follow Abimelech + +"they agreed to let Abimelech be their leader" + +# the house + +Here "house" represents a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# seventy pieces of silver + +This means seventy shekels of silver. A shekel weighs 11 grams. If it is necessary to translate this with modern measurements, you can translate it like this. AT: "almost one kilo of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# seventy "70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Baal Berith ## +# Baal-Berith -See how you translated this in [Judges 8:32](../08/32.md). +This is the name of a false god. See how you translated it in [Judges 8:33](../08/32.md). -## lawless and reckless ## +# lawless and reckless -"violent and foolish" or "disobedient and free of care" \ No newline at end of file +"violent and foolish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/05.md b/jdg/09/05.md index 9cdfb930e2..37dabf9382 100644 --- a/jdg/09/05.md +++ b/jdg/09/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Ophrah ## +# Ophrah -See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). -## one stone ## +# one stone "1 stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## seventy ## +# seventy "70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Jerub Baal ## +# Jerub Baal -See how you translated this in [Judges 6:31](../06/31.md). +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). -## Beth Millo ## +# Beth Millo -The name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/07.md b/jdg/09/07.md index 7452a8d315..49b334355d 100644 --- a/jdg/09/07.md +++ b/jdg/09/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Jotham begins telling his fable where trees represent various people groups. +# General Information: -## Mount Gerizim ## +Jotham begins telling a parable where trees represent various people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# When Jotham was told about this + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When Jotham heard that Abimelech had murdered his brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Mount Gerizim This is a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## The trees once went out to anoint a king over them. And they said to the olive tree, ‘Reign over us.’ ## +# The trees once went out to anoint a king over them. For they said to the olive tree, 'Reign over us.' -The trees are talked about as if they are people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +In this parable Jotham describes the trees doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# to anoint a king over them + +Here, to anoint with oil is a symbolic action that represents appointing a person to be king. AT: "to appoint a king to rule over all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Reign over us + +"Be our king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/09.md b/jdg/09/09.md index bef4690732..23b893b694 100644 --- a/jdg/09/09.md +++ b/jdg/09/09.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -Jotham continues telling his fable where trees represent various people groups. +# General Information: -## olive tree ## +Jotham continues telling his parable, where trees represent various people groups. -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# the olive tree said to them ... fig tree said to them -## Should I give up my oil...over other trees? ## +In this parable, Jotham describes the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -The question is to make the point that he should not rule. AT: "I will not give up my oil ... over other trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Should I give up my oil ... over the other trees? -## sway ## +The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. AT: "I will not give up my oil ... over the other trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This means to move back and forth in the wind. +# sway over -## trees ## +To "sway over" means to move back and forth in the wind. Here the tree uses this phrase to means to "rule over." -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# Should I give up my sweetness ... over the other trees? -## fig tree ## +The fig tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. AT: "I will not give up my sweetness ... over the other trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# my sweetness and my good fruit -## Should I give up my sweetness...over other trees? ## - -The question is to make the point that he should not rule. AT: "I will not give up my sweetness ... over other trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "sweetness" is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective that describes the fruit that grows on the tree. AT: "my good sweet fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/12.md b/jdg/09/12.md index 2af9ec8557..3bb0869649 100644 --- a/jdg/09/12.md +++ b/jdg/09/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Jotham continues telling his fable where trees represent various people groups. +# General Information: -## trees ## +Jotham continues telling his parable, where trees represent various people groups. -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# The trees said to the vine -## vine ## +In this parable, Jotham describes the trees and the vine as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# Should I give up my new wine ... over the other trees? -## Should I give up my new wine...over other trees? ## +The vine is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. AT: "I will not give up my new wine ... over the other trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -The question is to make the point that he should not rule. AT: "I will not give up my new wine ... over other trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# thornbush -## thornbush ## - -Thorns are sharp spikes or spurs that hurt. This bush has may sharp spikes along it's branches. \ No newline at end of file +Thorns are sharp spikes or spurs that hurt. This bush has many sharp spikes along its branches. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/15.md b/jdg/09/15.md index 482df13bcb..f12f1610c8 100644 --- a/jdg/09/15.md +++ b/jdg/09/15.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -Jotham continues telling his fable where trees represent various people groups and makes the application. +# General Information: -## thornbush ## +Jotham continues telling his parable, where trees represent various people groups, and makes the application. -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# The thornbush said to the trees -## If you truly want... ## +In this parable, Jotham describes the thornbush and the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -This is only a possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +# to anoint me as king over you -## safety ## +To anoint someone with oil is a symbolic action that appoints a person to be king. AT: "to appoint me as your king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -"to be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +# find safety -## fire come out of the thornbush and let it burn up the cedars of Lebanon ## +The word "safety" is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# fire come out of the thornbush and let it burn up the cedars of Lebanon This means to let the thornbush burn so that it will burn the cedars. -## if you have done well concerning Jerub Baal ## +# then let fire come out of the thornbush -Jotham offer the possibility that they have treated Jerub Baal as he deserves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +The thornbush refers to itself as "the thornbush." AT: "then may fire come out from me, the thornbush" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Jerub Baal ## +# Now -See how you translated this in [Judges 6:31](../06/31.md). \ No newline at end of file +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# if you have done well concerning Jerub Baal and his house, and if you have punished him as he deserves + +Jotham offered the possibility that what they did was good, but Jotham does not actually believe what they did was good. AT: "if you have done what is right and Jerub Baal deserved for you to kill all of his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# Jerub Baal + +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). + +# his house + +Here "house" represents Gideon's family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/17.md b/jdg/09/17.md index acb663765d..47264248af 100644 --- a/jdg/09/17.md +++ b/jdg/09/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Jotham makes the application to the situation at that time and place. -## fought ## +# to think that my father fought for you ... out of the hand of Midian -This is the past tense of "fight". +Here Jotham is expressing that he cannot believe how badly the people of Shechem have treated Gideon and his family even after Gideon fought to save the people of Shechem. -## seventy ## +# out of the hand of Midian + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "from the power of the Midianites" or "from the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have risen up against + +This is an idiom. AT: "you have opposed" or "you have rebelled against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my father's house + +Here "house" represents family. AT: "my father's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# seventy "70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## one stone ## +# one stone -"1 stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"1 stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# his female servant + +Here "his" refers to Gideon. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/19.md b/jdg/09/19.md index 37f29f2910..663013b2c9 100644 --- a/jdg/09/19.md +++ b/jdg/09/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## If then you acted ... ## +# If you acted with honesty and integrity with Jerub Baal and his house -Jotham offers the possibility that what they did was good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +Jotham offered the possibility that what they did was good, but Jotham does not actually believe what they did was good. AT: "If you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they deserved to be treated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## Jerub Baal ## +# Jerub Baal -See how you translated this in [Judges 6:31](../06/31.md). +This is another name for Gideon. It means "let Baal defend himself." See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). -## But if not, let fire come ## +# his house -Jotham offers the opposite possibility and applies a curse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +Here "house" refers to family. AT: "his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem ## +# But if not -This is a curse and means that a fire will destroy Abimelech. +Jotham offered the opposite possibility that what they did was evil and applied a curse. Jotham does believe what they did was evil. AT: "But if you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they did not deserve to be treated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## Beth Millo ## +# let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem -See how you translated this in [Judges 9:5](./05.md). +Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of Abimelech destroying the people of Shechem as if he would burn them with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Beer ## +# Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech -This is a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of the people of Shechem and Beth Millo destroying Abimelech as if they would burn him with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Beth Millo + +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:6](./05.md). + +# Beer + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/22.md b/jdg/09/22.md index c589b40011..13ca750eeb 100644 --- a/jdg/09/22.md +++ b/jdg/09/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## three ## +# three "3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem. ## +# God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem -This means that God applied the curse Jotham made by sending an evil spirit to cause trouble. +This means that God applied the curse Jotham made by sending an evil spirit to cause trouble and animosity between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem. -## seventy ## +# God did this so the violence done ... helped him murder his brothers + +The passive phrases can be stated in active form. AT: "God did this to avenge the seventy sons whom Abimelech their brother murdered and the men of Shechem helped murder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# seventy "70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Jerub Baal ## +# Jerub Baal -See how you translated this in [Judges 6:31](../06/31.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/25.md b/jdg/09/25.md index 43eccb7d87..96e9e15af6 100644 --- a/jdg/09/25.md +++ b/jdg/09/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## lie in wait ## +# positioned men to lie in wait on the hilltops that they might ambush him -"hide and wait to attack" +"sent men to hide on the hilltops and wait to attack Abimelech" -## ambush ## +# This was reported to Abimelech -"attack by surprise" - -## This was reported to Abimelech. ## - -This means that some people reported to Abimelech about what happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told Abimelech about the men waiting to attack him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/26.md b/jdg/09/26.md index 2d79b793dd..1fa6ebe468 100644 --- a/jdg/09/26.md +++ b/jdg/09/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Gaal, Ebed ## +# Gaal ... Ebed -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## They went out into the field ## +# had confidence in him -"They" are Gaal and the men of Shechem. +The word "confidence" is an abstract noun that can be stated with the verb "trust." AT: "trusted him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## trampled ## +# They went out into the field -"crushed" or "stomped" \ No newline at end of file +Here "They" refers to Gaal and his relatives and the men of Shechem. + +# they trampled on them + +They did this to squeeze out the grape juice to make wine with it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# trampled + +"crushed" or "stomped" + +# in the house + +Here "house" represents a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/28.md b/jdg/09/28.md index e14ea5d2c2..9e1860be7d 100644 --- a/jdg/09/28.md +++ b/jdg/09/28.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## Gaal, Ebed ## +# Gaal ... Ebed -These are the names men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](./26.md). -## Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? ## +# Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? -Gaal is rebuking them for allowing Abimelech to become their leader. AT: "We should not allow Abimelech to rule over us, and we should not serve him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. AT: "We should not serve Abimelech!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Is he not the son of Jerub Baal? And is not Zebul his officer? ## +# Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? -He is using these facts to add to rebuking them for allowing him to become the leader. AT: "He is just the son of Jerub Baal and Zebul is just his officer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Both of these questions means the same thing. Gaal refers to Abimelech as "Shechem" because Abimelech's mother was from Shechem. AT: "We should not serve Abimelech, that is, Shechem!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Jerub Baal ## +# Is he not the son of Jerub Baal? Is Zebul not his officer? -See how you translated this in [Judges 6:31](../06/31.md). +Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. AT: "He is just the son of Jerub Baal, and Zebul is just his officer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Zebul ## +# Jerub Baal -The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). -## Why should we serve him? ## +# Zebul -"We should not serve him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Serve the men of Hamor, Shechem's father + +Gaal means the people of Shechem should serve those who descended from Hamor, that is, those who are truly Canaanites, and not serve someone whose father was an Israelite. + +# Why should we serve Abimelech? + +Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. AT: "We should not serve Abimelech!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I wish that this people were under my command + +"I wish that I ruled the people of Shechem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/30.md b/jdg/09/30.md index ee7fabb669..142772ac8e 100644 --- a/jdg/09/30.md +++ b/jdg/09/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Zebul, Gaal, Ebed ## +# Zebul -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](./28.md). -## his anger was kindled ## +# heard the words of Gaal son of Ebed -"his anger became great" or "his anger ignited" The writer compares anger to a starting a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"heard what Gaal son of Ebed said" -## in order to deceive ## +# Gaal ... Ebed -This means messengers were sent to Abimelech for the purpose of misleading and betraying him. +See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](./26.md). -## stirring up the city ## +# his anger was kindled -This means that Gaal and his relatives are going to make a disturbance. The people of the city becoming aroused is compared to agitating liquid in a pot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Becoming angry is spoken of as if a fire were starting. AT: "he became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in order to deceive + +Zebul is deceiving Gaal and the people of Shechem. AT: "secretly" + +# they are stirring up the city against you + +This speaks of the people of the city becoming upset as if they were liquid in a pot moving around. AT: "they are persuading the people of the city to rebel against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the city + +Here "city" represents the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/32.md b/jdg/09/32.md index b630ff677f..6f9466560a 100644 --- a/jdg/09/32.md +++ b/jdg/09/32.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Zebul's messengers are continuing their talking to Abimelech. +# General Information: -## an ambush ## +Zebul's messengers continue talking to Abimelech. -"to hide in order to attack" +# Now -## do whatever you can to them ## +This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# an ambush + +"to hide and attack them suddenly" + +# do whatever you can to them This means that they can do what they want to destroy the followers of Gaal. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/34.md b/jdg/09/34.md index fee5699cd1..b15893d110 100644 --- a/jdg/09/34.md +++ b/jdg/09/34.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## he and all the men who were with him ## +# all the men who were with him -"all the men accompanying Abimelech" or "all the men traveling with Abimelech" +"all the men accompanying Abimelech" or "all the men fighting for Abimelech" -## ambush ## +# they set an ambush against Shechem -See how you translated this in [Judges 9:32](./32.md). +Here "Shechem" represents the people of Shechem. AT: "they hid in order to attack the people of Shechem by surprise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## four ## +# dividing into four units -"4" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"separating into 4 groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Gaal, Ebed ## +# Gaal ... Ebed -These are the names of men. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## stood in the entrance of the city gate ## - -"positioned at the door of the city gate" \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](./26.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/36.md b/jdg/09/36.md index 5be0d7382f..d17d9dfbfe 100644 --- a/jdg/09/36.md +++ b/jdg/09/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Gaal, Zebul ## +# Gaal -These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Judges 9:26](./26.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](./26.md). -## You are seeing the shadows on the hills like they are men. ## +# Zebul -Zebul is trying to confuse Gaal by saying this means that the shade on the hills looked similar to men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](./28.md). -## one unit ## +# You are seeing the shadows on the hills like they are men -"1 group" or "1 troop" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +Zebul is trying to confuse Gaal and keep him from preparing for battle. AT: "That is not people, it is only shadows on the hills" + +# one unit + +"1 group" or "1 troop" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/38.md b/jdg/09/38.md index 16032747bb..bfb4349c06 100644 --- a/jdg/09/38.md +++ b/jdg/09/38.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Zebul ## +# Zebul -See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](./28.md). +See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](./28.md). -## "Where are your proud words now, you who said, 'Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?' Are these not the men you despised? ## +# Where are your proud words now, you -Zebul is using Abimelech's previous words as sarcasm. AT: "You are not as proud now when you are facing these warrors!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Zebul is scolding Gaal with this rhetorical question. AT: "You are not speaking proudly now, you" or "You are not proud now, you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## despised ## +# you who said, 'Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?' + +Zebul is quoting Gaal's boast back to Gaal. This can be translated as a statement and as an indirect quote. AT: "you who said that we should not serve Abimelech." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Are these not the men you despised? + +Zebul is challenging Gaal with this rhetorical question. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Here are the men that you despised." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# despised "hated" or "disliked" -## Gaal ## +# Gaal -See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](./26.md). +See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:26](./26.md). -## And many fell with deadly wounds before the entrance to the city gate. ## +# Many fell with deadly wounds -This means that many men died of wounds in front of the city gate. \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "And many men died of wounds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/41.md b/jdg/09/41.md index 9795c6a5b2..4dadc6c64e 100644 --- a/jdg/09/41.md +++ b/jdg/09/41.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Arumah ## +# Arumah -This is a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Zebul ## +# Zebul -See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](./28.md). +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](./28.md). -## Gaal ## +# Gaal -See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](./26.md). +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](./26.md). -## three ## +# this was reported to Abimelech -"3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone reported this to Abimelech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## ambush ## +# divided them into three units -See how you translated this in [Judges 9:32](./32.md). \ No newline at end of file +"separated them into 3 groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# they set an ambush in the fields + +"they hid in the fields to attack the people by surprise" + +# he attacked + +Here "he" refers to Abimelech who represents himself and all of his soldiers. AT: "they attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/44.md b/jdg/09/44.md index cf32d86aa2..10527fc5a0 100644 --- a/jdg/09/44.md +++ b/jdg/09/44.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## units ## +# the units -"groups" +"the groups of soldiers" -## two ## +# other two -"2" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"other 2" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## tore down ## +# Abimelech fought ... He tore down -"demolished" \ No newline at end of file +Here "Abimelech" represents himself and his soldiers. AT: "Abimelech and his soldiers fought ... They tore down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# against the city + +Here "city" represents the people. AT: "against the people of Shechem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tore down + +"demolished" + +# spread salt over it + +"spread salt over the land." Spreading salt over land keeps anything from growing there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/46.md b/jdg/09/46.md index 28b43d0dfc..186c9cda0b 100644 --- a/jdg/09/46.md +++ b/jdg/09/46.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## El Berith ## +# the house -Use a name similar to Baal Berith in [Judges 8:32](../08/32.md) since this is referring to the temple of a Baal god. +Here this represents a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Abimelech was told ## +# El-Berith -"Someone told Abimelech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "El" means "god." This is the same false god as "Baal-Berith" in [Judges 8:33](../08/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Abimelech was told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told Abimelech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/48.md b/jdg/09/48.md index a1feab5e31..6db18b9c48 100644 --- a/jdg/09/48.md +++ b/jdg/09/48.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Mount Zalmon ## +# Mount Zalmon -This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## piled ## +# piled This means to stack the branches into a large heap. -## underground chamber ## +# about a thousand men -This is a room that is below ground level. \ No newline at end of file +"about 1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/50.md b/jdg/09/50.md index 18113dea5d..c8b2a1c0ad 100644 --- a/jdg/09/50.md +++ b/jdg/09/50.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Thebez ## +# Thebez -This is a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## encamped against Thebez and captured it ## +# encamped against Thebez -"camped outside the city of Thebez and seized it." \ No newline at end of file +"camped outside the city of Thebez" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/52.md b/jdg/09/52.md index 7412b8aa96..6a757321d5 100644 --- a/jdg/09/52.md +++ b/jdg/09/52.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## upper millstone ## +# fought against it -Two large round stones were used to grind grain in a mill. An upper millstone would have been the top one of these stones. +"attacked it" -## armor-bearer ## +# upper millstone -bearer** - This is the man who carried the weapons of Abilelech. +Two large, flat, round stones were used to grind grain in a mill. An upper millstone was the top one that was rolled on the lower one to crush the grain in between them. -## pierced him through ## +# armor-bearer + +This is the man who carried the weapons of Abimelech. + +# pierced him through This means the young man put the sword right through the body of Abimelech. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/55.md b/jdg/09/55.md index 0d6ac1b78f..02fa60093d 100644 --- a/jdg/09/55.md +++ b/jdg/09/55.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## seventy ## +# seventy "70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## turn back on their own heads ## +# made all the evil of the men of Shechem turn back on their own heads -This means that God put the responsibility for the evil onto them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Evil turn back on their heads" is an idiom. AT: "punished the men of Shechem for all the evil they had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## on them came the curse of Jotham ## +# on them came the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal -The curse of Jotham came true when God allowed all the killing. +This is an idiom. AT: "the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal happened to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Jerub Baal ## +# Jerub Baal -See how you translated this in [Judges 6:31](../06/31.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this name in [Judges 6:32](../06/31.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/09/intro.md b/jdg/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e1063a8679 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Judges 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jotham's curse ##### + +Gideon's son, Abimelech, killed all of his brothers except Jotham in order to become king of Shechem. Jotham cursed Abimelech for having murdered Gideon's other sons. "Let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem and the house of Millo. Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +=##### Important figures of speech in this chapter ##### + +##### Tree metaphor ##### +This chapter contains an extended metaphor about trees. This metaphor functions as a parable instructing Israel about their sinful desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/01.md b/jdg/10/01.md index 4e51037886..74cd6118f3 100644 --- a/jdg/10/01.md +++ b/jdg/10/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## Tola, Puah, Dodo ## +# Tola ... Puah ... Dodo -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shamir ## +# Shamir -This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# arose to deliver Israel + +"came to deliver Israel" or "became the leader to deliver Israel" + +# deliver Israel + +Here "Israel" represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He judged Israel + +Here "judged" means he led the people of Israel. + +# twenty-three years + +"23 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/03.md b/jdg/10/03.md index e82bc2d4f0..2d44fc69b9 100644 --- a/jdg/10/03.md +++ b/jdg/10/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,43 @@ -## Jair ## +# He was followed by Jair the Gileadite + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jair the Gileadite was leader after Tola" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Jair This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the Gileadite ## +# the Gileadite Jair was from the tribe of Gilead. -## Havvoth Jair ## +# He judged Israel + +Here "judged" means he led the people of Israel. + +# Israel + +Here "Israel" represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# twenty-two years + +"22 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# thirty + +"30" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Havvoth Jair This is the name of a region, which is named after a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Kamon ## +# to this day + +This means to the time when the book of Judges was being written. + +# was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Kamon This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/06.md b/jdg/10/06.md index d150cc3603..2cea01ee68 100644 --- a/jdg/10/06.md +++ b/jdg/10/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## in the sight of Yahweh ## +# added to the evil they had done in the sight of Yahweh -AT: "while Yahweh was looking" or "even though Yahweh was their God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This speaks of evil as if it were an object that a person could add to and make bigger. AT: "continued doing what Yahweh said was evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Ashtoreths ## +# in the sight of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "according to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They abandoned Yahweh ## +# Ashtoreths -"They left Yahweh" +This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:13](../02/11.md). -## Yahweh burned with anger ## +# They abandoned Yahweh and no longer worshiped him -AT: "Yahweh was very angry" (UDB) or "Yahweh was hot from his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The author basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. These can be combined. AT: "They completely stopped worshiping Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## conquer ## +# They abandoned Yahweh -"defeat" AT: "destroy" \ No newline at end of file +No longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh burned with anger toward Israel + +Yahweh becoming angry is spoken of as if anger were a burning fire. AT: "Yahweh was very angry at Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he sold them into the hand of the Philistines and into the hand of the Ammonites + +Yahweh allowing the Philistines and the Ammonites to defeat the Israelites is spoken of as if he sold the Israelites to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# into the hand + +Here "hand" represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/08.md b/jdg/10/08.md index 08e08f953f..4e8bcd3143 100644 --- a/jdg/10/08.md +++ b/jdg/10/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## all the people of Israel ## +# crushed and oppressed -This does not mean that everyone was personally oppressed, but that everyone was affected by it. +These two words basically mean the same and emphasize how much the Israelites suffered. AT: "terribly oppressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## which is in Gilead ## +# eighteen years -AT: "this region is also called Gilead" +"18 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## curshed and oppressed ## +# who were beyond the Jordan -These two words refer to the same event and are repeated to emphasize how much the Israelites suffered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This means on the east side of the Jordan River. -## crushed ## +# which is in Gilead -"defeated" +"this region is also called Gilead" -## Judah ... Benjamin ... house of Ephraim ## +# Judah ... Benjamin -AT: "the people of the tribe of Judah ... the people of the tribe of Benjamin ... the people of the family of Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Judah" and "Benjamin" refer to the people belonging to those tribes. AT: "the people of the tribe of Judah ... the people of the tribe of Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## so that Israel was greatly distressed ## +# house of Ephraim -AT: "so that the people of Israel were very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The "house" refers to the people of the tribe of Ephraim. AT: "the people of the tribe of Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that Israel was greatly distressed + +"Israel" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "so that the people of Israel suffered much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/10.md b/jdg/10/10.md index fc73ed0740..6d73f32375 100644 --- a/jdg/10/10.md +++ b/jdg/10/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## abandoned ## +# the people of Israel called out to Yahweh -"left" AT: "walked away from" +This means the people of Israel desperately asked Yahweh for help. -## Maonites ## +# because we abandoned our God -These are the people from the clan or family of Maon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# abandoned our God + +The people are speaking to Yahweh and refer to him as "our God." This can be stated in second person. AT: "abandoned you, our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Did I not deliver you ... Sidonians? + +God was rebuking the people of Israel for their worship of other gods. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I was the one who delivered you ... Sidonians." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Maonites + +These are the people from the clan or family of Maon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# from their power + +Here "power" represents the Amalekites and the Maonites. AT: "from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/13.md b/jdg/10/13.md index 5d5309ede9..d0fd37f7d3 100644 --- a/jdg/10/13.md +++ b/jdg/10/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## I will not keep adding to the times I deliver you ## +# you abandoned me again -AT: "I will not deliver you again" or "I will stop delivering you" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will not keep adding to the times I deliver you + +The phrase "keep adding to the times" is an idiom that means to continue to do something. You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Yahweh's saying. AT: "I will not keep on delivering you again and again" or "You can be sure that I will stop delivering you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/15.md b/jdg/10/15.md index 0fcb4fd964..0ac88b9949 100644 --- a/jdg/10/15.md +++ b/jdg/10/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## foreign gods they owned ## +# foreign gods among them -AT: "foreign gods whose images they owned" +You can make explicit the implicit meaning of this statement. AT: "foreign gods whose images they possessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## And he became impatient over the misery Israel ## +# Yahweh could bear Israel's misery no longer -AT: "And he could not bear their suffering any longer" \ No newline at end of file +Here Israel refers to the people of Israel. AT: "And Yahweh did not want the people of Israel to suffer any longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/17.md b/jdg/10/17.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7ae4e01809 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/10/17.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Who is the man who will begin to fight the Ammonites? + +"Who will lead our army to fight against the Ammonites?" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/10/intro.md b/jdg/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ff4d82754e --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Judges 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the account of Jephthah. (See: [Judges 10-12](./01.md)) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel's punishment ##### +In Judges, Israel's actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/01.md b/jdg/11/01.md index 8560dab639..40254a496d 100644 --- a/jdg/11/01.md +++ b/jdg/11/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Gileadite ## +# Gileadite -This is someone who is from the region of Gilead. That is father's name is also Gilead is a coincidence. +This is someone who is from the region of Gilead. It is a coincidence that his father's name is also Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gilead was his father. Gilead’s wife also gave birth ## +# When his wife's sons grew up -In these sentences, Gilead is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"When the sons of Gilead's wife became adults" -## When his wife’s sons grew up ## +# the land of Tob -AT: "When his wife's sons became adults" +Tob is the name of a region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the land of Tob ## +# they came and went with him -Tob is a city. AT: "the land surrounding the city of Tob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## they came and went with him ## - -AT: "they travelled with him" \ No newline at end of file +"they followed him" or "they went everywhere together" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/04.md b/jdg/11/04.md index 4ba7c5b521..5bfa852c02 100644 --- a/jdg/11/04.md +++ b/jdg/11/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Some days later ## +# Some days later -AT: "Some time later" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"Some time later" -## land of Tob ## +# made war against Israel -This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The phrase "made war" is an idiom which means that they attacked Israel and were at war with them. Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "attacked the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## that we may fight with ## +# that we may fight with -AT: "so that we can fight against" \ No newline at end of file +"so that we can fight against" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/07.md b/jdg/11/07.md index e131e73d79..854d549603 100644 --- a/jdg/11/07.md +++ b/jdg/11/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## my father's house ## +# my father's house -AT: "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "house" refers to people living in the house. AT: "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# That is why we are turning to you now + +The word "that" refers to what Jephthah said about about them being in trouble. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "We are turning to you now because we are in trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# fight with the people of Ammon + +"fight against the people of Ammon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/09.md b/jdg/11/09.md index 6b5982e89d..f77d708798 100644 --- a/jdg/11/09.md +++ b/jdg/11/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## leader and commander ## +# leader and commander -These two words basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize how important Jephtah became. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two words basically have the same meaning repeated to emphasize how important Jephthah had became. You can combine the two words. AT: "commander" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## When he was before Yahweh ## +# When he was before Yahweh in Mizpah, Jephthah repeated all the promises he made -AT: "When he was at a special place where people worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. Here the phrase "before Yahwheh" means that he repeated his promises as a vow before Yahweh. AT: "When Jephthah was in Mizpah he repeated all of these promises as a vow before Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all the promises he made + +This refers to the promises he made to the leaders of Gilead about becoming their leader. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/12.md b/jdg/11/12.md index f78b83cf41..fbc3c3615b 100644 --- a/jdg/11/12.md +++ b/jdg/11/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## with force to take ## +# What is this conflict between us -"to wage ware in" or "with an army to take" +"Why is there conflict between us?" Jephthah is asking the king why they are angry with Israel. -## Arnon ... Jabbok ## +# Why have you come with force to take our land + +The word "you" refers to the King of Ammon and represents himself and his soldiers. AT: "Why have your soldiers come to seize our land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# come with force to take + +"come to forcefully take" + +# Arnon ... Jabbok These are the names of two rivers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in peace ## +# over to the Jordan -"peacefully" AT: "and do not try to defend them" \ No newline at end of file +"on the other side of the Jordan River" + +# in peace + +"peacefully" or "and do not try to defend them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/14.md b/jdg/11/14.md index dcb2ead1a8..9fcf3b8df3 100644 --- a/jdg/11/14.md +++ b/jdg/11/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## and he said ## +# he said -AT: "and Jephtah told the messengers to say" or "and they said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here the word "he" refers to the messenger who was speaking to the king. This may be written with the word "they" as in the UDB, referring to the group of messengers. AT: "Jephthah told the messengers to say" or "they said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## did not take ## +# they came up from Egypt -"did not conquer" \ No newline at end of file +Whenever people traveled to the promised land it is referred to as going "up" to the promised land. When the Israelites left Egypt they were on their way to the promised land. AT: "they left Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/17.md b/jdg/11/17.md index e3366d149f..9547da1d9f 100644 --- a/jdg/11/17.md +++ b/jdg/11/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Jephthah's messengers continues to speak. +# General Information: -## pass through ## +Jephthah's messengers continue to speak. + +# When Israel sent messengers + +The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. AT: "When the leaders of Israel sent messengers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# pass through "go through" or "cross" -## the king of Edom would not listen ## +# would not listen -AT: "the king of Edom did not let Israel to pass through his country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase is an idiom that means to "refuse." AT: "refused" or "denied their request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## They also send messengers to the king of Moab ## +# They also sent messengers to the king of Moab -"They also send messengers to the king of Moab with the same request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The reason that Israel sent messengers to the king of Moab can be made explicit. AT: "They also send messengers to the king of Moab with the same request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## but he was not willing ## +# but he refused -AT: "but he refused them too" or "but he did not allow Israel to pass through either" +The king of Moab refused Israel's request to pass through Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "but he also refused and would not let them pass through the land of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Arnon ## +# Arnon -See how you translated this in [Judges 11:12](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [Judges 11:13](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/19.md b/jdg/11/19.md index 598bfdd8c9..b3c568f3bb 100644 --- a/jdg/11/19.md +++ b/jdg/11/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Jephthah's messengers continues to speak. +# General Information: -## Sihon ## +Jephthah's messengers continue to speak. + +# Israel sent messengers to Sihon + +The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. AT: "When the leaders of Israel sent messengers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Sihon This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Heshbon, Jahaz ## +# Heshbon ... Jahaz -These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# But Sihon did not trust Israel to pass through his territory + +Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his land peacefully. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "But Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his territory peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# there he fought + +The word "he" refers to Sihon and represents himself and his army. AT: "there they fought" or "there his army fought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/21.md b/jdg/11/21.md index 5add1d16e6..7deafa4fec 100644 --- a/jdg/11/21.md +++ b/jdg/11/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jephthah's messengers continues to speak. +# General Information: -## Sihon ## +Jephthah's messengers continue to speak. -This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Sihon -## put all his people under their control ## +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 11:19](./19.md). -AT: "put the people of Sihon under the control of the Israelites" +# gave Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel -## Arnon ... Jabbok ## +Here "hand" refers to power to defeat in battle. AT: "gave Israel power over Sihon and all his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -See how you translated these names in [Judges 11:12](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file +# Arnon ... Jabbok + +See how you translated the names of these rivers in [Judges 11:13](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/23.md b/jdg/11/23.md index 4d1be26a3d..31ce4f0a15 100644 --- a/jdg/11/23.md +++ b/jdg/11/23.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -Jephthah's messengers continues to speak. +# General Information: -## should you now take possession of their land? ## +Jephthah's messengers continue to speak. -The implicit answer to this question is "no." AT: "therefore, you should not take possession of their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# should you now take possession of their land? -## Will you not take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you? ## +Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with this rhetorical question. The word "their" refers to the Israel. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "therefore, you should not take possession of their land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -The implicit answer to this question is that they should only take land that they believe their god gave them. AT: "You should only take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you" or "You would take land if you believe that Chemosch, your god, has given it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Will you not take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you? -## Chemosh ## +Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should only take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -The name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# take over -## Now are you really better than Balak (the son of Zippor), king of Moab? ## +This is an idiom which means to take control of something. AT: "take control of" or "take possession of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -The implicit answer is "no." AT: "You are not better than Balak, the son of Zippor, who was king of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Chemosh -## Balak ... Zippor ## +This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Now are you really better than Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab? + +Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are not better than Balak son of Zippor, who was king of Moab." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Balak ... Zippor These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Did he dare to have an argument with Israel? ## +# Did he dare to have an argument with Israel? -The implicit answer is "no." AT: "Yet he did not dare to have an argument with Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. AT: "Yet he did not dare to have an argument with Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Did he ever wage war against them? ## +# Did he ever wage war against them? -The implicit answer is "no." AT: "Nor did he ever wage war against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. AT: "Nor did he ever wage war against them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/26.md b/jdg/11/26.md index f47a259bc7..bb8cc77182 100644 --- a/jdg/11/26.md +++ b/jdg/11/26.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Jephthah's messengers continues to speak. +# General Information: -## three hundred years ## +Jephthah's messengers continue to speak. + +# three hundred years "300 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Heshbon ## +# Heshbon -See how you translated this in [Judges 11:19](./19.md). +Translate the name of this city the same way that you did in [Judges 11:19](./19.md). -## Aroer ## +# Aroer This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Arnon ## +# Arnon -See how you translated this in [Judges 11:12](./12.md). +Translate the name of this city the same way that you did in [Judges 11:13](./12.md). -## why then did you not take them back during that time? ## +# why then did you not take them back during that time? -This question is used to show that now it is too late to take back the land. AT: "you should have taken them back during that time" or "now it is too late; you should have taken them back long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "you should have taken them back during that time." or "now it is too late; you should have taken them back long ago." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I have not done you wrong, but you are doing me wrong by attacking me ## +# I have not done you wrong, but you are doing me wrong by attacking me -Jephthah is telling the king of Ammon that he has not done anything bad to the Ammonites and they are bad to attack the Israelites. This is a warning to the king of Ammon. \ No newline at end of file +Jephthah is speaking to the Sihon. Here Jephthah speaks about the Israelites as though they were himself and of the Ammonites as if they were Sihon their king. AT: "The Israelites have not done wrong to your people, but your people are doing us wrong by attacking us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# done you wrong ... doing me wrong + +This is an idiom. To do someone wrong means to do something wrong to them. AT: "treated you wrongly ... treating me wrongly" or "treated you unfairly ... treating me unfairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/29.md b/jdg/11/29.md index 1c01767b5c..f92e1b7ab2 100644 --- a/jdg/11/29.md +++ b/jdg/11/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Mizpah ## +# the Spirit of Yahweh came on Jephthah -This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom which means that the Spirit influenced Jephthah's decisions. AT: "the Spirit of Yahweh took control of Jephthah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he passed through Gilead and Manasseh ... from Mizpah of Gilead + +Jephthah passed through these places enlisting men for his army to go to war with the people of Ammon. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "he gathered men for his army as he passed through Gilead and Manasseh ... from Mizpah of Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will offer it up + +This is an idiom which means to give something as an offering. AT: "I will offer it to you" or "I will sacrifice it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/32.md b/jdg/11/32.md index ccf5ccadca..47726ad001 100644 --- a/jdg/11/32.md +++ b/jdg/11/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Aroer ## +# So Jephthah passed through ... Yahweh gave him victory ... He attacked -See how you translate this in [Judges 11:26](./26.md). +Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself. AT: "So Jephthah and his army passed through ... Yahweh gave them victory ... they attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Minnith, Abel Karamim ## +# Aroer -These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 11:26](./26.md). + +# Minnith ... Abel Keramim + +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# twenty cities + +"including 20 cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/34.md b/jdg/11/34.md index 3f1bb81c96..51d61b74a8 100644 --- a/jdg/11/34.md +++ b/jdg/11/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## tambourines ## +# tambourines -Musical instruments you hold in one hand and shake to make a sound, often used to celebrate. +musical instruments with heads like drums that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## he tore his clothes ## +# he tore his clothes -This is an act that shows mourning or great sadness. +This is an act that shows mourning or great sadness. AT: "he tore his clothes from grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## You have crushed me with sorrow, and you have become one who causes me pain! ## +# You have crushed me with sorrow ... you have become one who causes me pain -These two statements show how much Jephthah felt sad about his oath. They are both expressing the same thing in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Jephthah said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that he was very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## crushed me with sorrow ## +# You have crushed me with sorrow -"made me collapse on my knees" or "destroyed me with sadness" AT: "made me extremely sad" \ No newline at end of file +Here Jephthah speaks of his great sorrow as something that crushes him. AT: "You have caused me great sorrow" or "You have filled me with sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you have become one who causes me pain + +Here Jephthah talks about his great distress and trouble as if it were pain. AT: "you have become someone who troubles me" or "you cause me great distress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I cannot turn back on my promise + +This is an idiom. To turn back on a promise means to not do what you have promised to do. AT: "I must do what I have promised" or "I cannot break my promise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/36.md b/jdg/11/36.md index 180c22c394..845d138c58 100644 --- a/jdg/11/36.md +++ b/jdg/11/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites ## +# has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites -AT: "has defeated your enemies, the Ammonies, for you" +Yahweh has taken vengence for him by defeating his enemies. The meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites, by defeating them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Let this promise be kept for me ## +# Let this promise be kept for me -AT: "Keep this promise for me" or "Keep this promise concerning me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "Keep this promise for me" or "Keep this promise concerning me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## grieve over my virginity ## +# grieve over my virginity -AT: "weep because I am a virgin" or "cry because I have never been married" \ No newline at end of file +"weep because I am a virgin" or "cry because I will never be married" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/38.md b/jdg/11/38.md index 42d4dc120e..c0edfbb95c 100644 --- a/jdg/11/38.md +++ b/jdg/11/38.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the Gileadite ## +# the Gileadite -See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md), but be sure to write it as for a woman if you language writes that differently. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to someone from Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/11/intro.md b/jdg/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..217a048740 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Judges 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The account of Jephthah continues in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jephthah the leader ##### +Jephthah was half Israelite and half Canaanite by birth. While all of the judges were called by Yahweh, it is the leaders who called Jephthah to help them, but Yahweh still used Jephthah to help them. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/12/01.md b/jdg/12/01.md index 2b3537a9c4..b78ab22ce6 100644 --- a/jdg/12/01.md +++ b/jdg/12/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Zaphon ## +# A call went out to the men of Ephraim + +Here the abstract noun "call" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "The men of Ephraim were called together" or "The men ... of Ephraim called together their soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Zaphon This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## passed through ... pass through ## +# passed through ... pass through -"journeyed through ... journey through" or "traveled through ... travel through" +or "traveled through ... travel" or "journeyed through ... journey" -## We will burn your house down over you ## +# We will burn your house down over you -"We will burn your house down over you with fire" +This idiom means to burn down a house with people inside it. AT: "We will burn your house down with you still in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## your house ## +# When I called you, you -This refers to his physical house in which he lived. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the people of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# did not rescue me + +Jephthah uses the word "me" to refer to himself and all the people of Gilead. AT: "do not rescue us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/12/03.md b/jdg/12/03.md index 49005dd0ad..c26fb51935 100644 --- a/jdg/12/03.md +++ b/jdg/12/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## because they said, “You Gileadites are fugitives in Ephraim—in Ephraim and Manasseh” ## +# you did not rescue me -translations may read: "for the Gileadites, who were between Ephraim and Manasseh, said, "you are fugitives from Ephraim"." +The word "you" is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says "me." AT: "you did not rescue us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## You Gileadites are fugitives ## +# I put my life in my own strength -This is meant as an insult. AT: "You Gileadites are just people who came here to live." +This is an idiom which means to risk one's life and to rely only on one's own strength. Jephthah continues to refer to the people of Gilead as himself. AT: "We risked our lives, relying on our own strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Gileadites ## +# Yahweh gave me victory -AT: "people from Gilead" \ No newline at end of file +Jephthah is referring to Yahweh giving the men of Gilead victory over the Ammonites. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Yahweh gave us victory over them" or "Yahweh allowed us to defeat them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he fought against Ephraim + +The word "he" refers to Jephthah and all the fighting men of Gilead. AT: "they fought against Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Why have you come to fight against me + +The word "you" is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says "me." AT: "Why have you come to fight against us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# You Gileadites are fugitives + +You can make the meaning of this insult explicit. AT: "You Gileadites do not really belong here. You are just people who came here to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# passed through against the people of Ammon + +This means that they fought against the Ammonites as they passed through Ammon. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "fought against the people of Ammon as we passed through their region" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Gileadites + +"people from Gilead" + +# in Ephraim—in Ephraim and Manasseh + +"in the regions of Ephraim and Manasseh" or "in the land of Ephraim and Manasseh." Here "Ephraim" and "Manasseh" refer to regions and are named after the tribes which live there. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/12/05.md b/jdg/12/05.md index 821c70a0e6..a3d90a74ec 100644 --- a/jdg/12/05.md +++ b/jdg/12/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## The Gileadites captured ## +# to Ephraim -"The Gileadites took possession of" AT: "The Gileadites occupied" +"to the land of Ephraim" -## fords ## +# The Gileadites captured -Places where you can cross the river on foot because the water is shallow. +"The Gileadites controlled" or "The Gileadites occupied" -## Ephraimite ## +# fords -AT: "person from Ephraim" +These are places where you can cross the river on foot because the water is shallow. -## Shibboleth ... Sibboleth ## +# Ephraimite -These words have no meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +"person from the tribe of Ephraim" -## pronounce ## +# Shibboleth ... Sibboleth + +These words have no meaning. Copy these words into your language, and make sure that the beginning of the words, that is the letters "Sh" and "S" are translated differently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# pronounce "say" -## forty-two thousand ## +# Forty-two thousand -two thousand** - AT: "42000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"42,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Forty-two thousand Ephraimites were killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They killed forty-two thousand Ephraimites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/12/07.md b/jdg/12/07.md index 7488289504..8460f3430c 100644 --- a/jdg/12/07.md +++ b/jdg/12/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Gileadite ## +# Jephthah the Gileadite died and was buried -See how you translated this word in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jephthah the Gileadite died and they buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/12/08.md b/jdg/12/08.md index 510840d0d9..b59b2b0fc6 100644 --- a/jdg/12/08.md +++ b/jdg/12/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Ibzan ## +# Ibzan of Bethlehem -This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man from Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## He gave away thirty daughters in marriage ## +# He gave away thirty daughters in marriage -AT: "He had thirty daughters and arranged a marriage for each of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "give away ... in marriage" is an idiom which means that he allowed his daughters to get married. AT: "He had thirty daughters and arranged a marriage for each of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he brought in thirty daughters of other men for his sons ## +# he brought in thirty daughters of other men for his sons, from the outside -AT: "he found thirty women that were the daughters of other men, and arranged for them to get married to his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## from the outside ## - -AT: "none of the wives for his sons were from his own family" \ No newline at end of file +The idiom "bring them in from the outside" means that he had women from other clans marry his sons. AT: "he arranged for thirty daughters of other men from outside of his clan to marry his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/12/10.md b/jdg/12/10.md index 32f375b58e..136b3d7561 100644 --- a/jdg/12/10.md +++ b/jdg/12/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Elon ## +# was buried at Bethlehem + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried him in Bethlehem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Elon This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Zebulunite ## +# Zebulunite -Someone from the tribe of Zebulun. +someone from the tribe of Zebulun -## Aijalon ## +# Aijalon -See how you translated this in [Judges 1:34](../01/34.md). \ No newline at end of file +Translate the name of this place the same way you did in [Judges 1:35](../01/34.md). + +# was buried in Aijalon + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried him in Aijalon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/12/13.md b/jdg/12/13.md index 290bd61d67..20d8344334 100644 --- a/jdg/12/13.md +++ b/jdg/12/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Abdon...Hillel ## +# Abdon ... Hillel These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Pirathonite...Pirathon ## +# Pirathonite ... Pirathon Pirathon is the name of a place, someone who is from that place is called a Pirathonite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## forty...thirty...seventy...eight ## +# They rode on seventy donkeys -40, 30, 70, 8. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +These men owned seventy donkeys, which they did ride. Here the word "rode" is used instead of "owned." AT: "They owned seventy donkeys" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# forty sons ... thirty grandsons ... seventy donkeys + +"40 sons ... 30 grandsons ... 70 donkeys (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/12/intro.md b/jdg/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5101b445d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Judges 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The account of Jephthah concludes in this chapter. + +##### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ##### + +##### Shibboleth ##### +This is a word in Hebrew, but it is usually left untranslated. The translator should not translate the meaning of this word, but should transliterate or transfer it into the target language by substituting letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this phrase either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this phrase without translating its meaning. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/01.md b/jdg/13/01.md index 0e6c5f17f7..7651e6af12 100644 --- a/jdg/13/01.md +++ b/jdg/13/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## in the sight of Yahweh ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## forty years ## +# he gave them into the hand of the Philistines + +Here "hand" refers to power to gain victory in battle. AT: "he allowed the Philistines to defeat them" or "he allowed them to be oppressed by the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# forty years "40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Zorah ## +# Zorah -This was the name of a town in Israel. It was in region of Judah near the border of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This was the name of a town in Israel. It was in the region of Judah near the border of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Manoah ## +# Danites + +people from the tribe of Dan + +# Manoah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/03.md b/jdg/13/03.md index 6f181cb2b4..14107d7519 100644 --- a/jdg/13/03.md +++ b/jdg/13/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## that the Law declares to be unclean ## +# give birth to a son -AT: "that is unclean according to the Law" +This refers to childbirth. AT: "bear a son" or "have a baby boy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## No razor must come onto his head ## +# anything unclean -AT: "Do not let anyone use a razor on your son's head." The important part is that his hair must not be cut. AT: "His hair must never be cut" or "No one may cut your son's hair" or "He must not cut his hair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## razor ## +# Look -a sharp knife used to cut hair close to the skin \ No newline at end of file +"Pay attention" or "Listen" + +# No razor will be used upon his head + +Here the word "head" refers to his hair. This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one should ever cut his hair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# razor + +a sharp knife used to cut hair close to the skin + +# a Nazirite to God + +This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. AT: "a Nazirite devoted to God" or "devoted to God as a Nazirite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the womb + +Here the word "womb" refers to the time before the child is born. AT: "from before he is born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the hand of the Philistines + +Here the word "hand" means control. AT: "the control of the Philistines" or "being under the Philistine's control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/06.md b/jdg/13/06.md index 955f62f093..48e3878924 100644 --- a/jdg/13/06.md +++ b/jdg/13/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## Look ## +# A man of God -"Pay attention" or "Understand this" +This means that the man was sent by God. This can be made explicit. AT: "A man that God sent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## from the time he is in your womb until the day of his death ## +# his appearance was like that of an angel of God, very terrible -This emphasizes that it would be for his entire life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "terrible" means "frightening." AT: "I was very afraid of him because he looked like an angel of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Look + +"Pay attention" or "Listen" + +# give birth to a son + +This refers to childbirth. AT: "bear a son" or "have a baby boy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# any food that the law declares to be unclean + +Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a Nazirite to God + +This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:5](./03.md). AT: "a Nazirite devoted to God" or "devoted to God as a Nazirite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the time he is in your womb until the day of his death + +This emphasizes that it would be for his entire life. AT: "all his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/08.md b/jdg/13/08.md index 692cc4fe53..ac47bfcf62 100644 --- a/jdg/13/08.md +++ b/jdg/13/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Manoah ## +# Manoah -See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 13:1](./01.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 13:2](./01.md). -## came to the woman ## +# came to the woman -AT: "came to Manoah's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can make explicit the implicit meaning of the author's words. AT: "came to Manoah's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/10.md b/jdg/13/10.md index a254abcdb1..5e6d76649b 100644 --- a/jdg/13/10.md +++ b/jdg/13/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Look ## +# Look -She wanted her husband to know the surprising news. AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## The man ## +# The man -This refers to the angel of Yahweh in [Judges 13:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the angel of God in [Judges 13:3](./03.md). This can be made explicit. AT: "the man of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/12.md b/jdg/13/12.md index f28fd09f84..db4036319c 100644 --- a/jdg/13/12.md +++ b/jdg/13/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## that the Law declares to be unclean ## +# your words -See how you translated this in [Judges 13:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file +"what you have said" + +# anything that comes from the vines + +Here the angel refers to any food that grow on a vine as "coming" from the vine. AT: "anything that grows on a vine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that the law declares to be unclean + +Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 13:7](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/15.md b/jdg/13/15.md index 727cd3aaae..9825794a9e 100644 --- a/jdg/13/15.md +++ b/jdg/13/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## prepare a young goat for you ## +# prepare a young goat for you -It was the custom to provide a meal for a guest. AT: "cook a young goat for you to eat" \ No newline at end of file +You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Manoah's statement. AT: "cook a young goat for you to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/17.md b/jdg/13/17.md index a9bb337610..d72f9794f6 100644 --- a/jdg/13/17.md +++ b/jdg/13/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Why do you ask my name? ## +# your words come true -This probably means "You should not ask me what my name is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"what you have said comes true" -## It is wonderful ## +# Why do you ask my name? -This probably means "It is too wonderful for you to understand." \ No newline at end of file +The angel asks this question as a rebuke. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not ask me what my name is." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# It is wonderful + +It may be helpful to explain more explicitly why they should not ask his name. AT: "It is too wonderful for you to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/19.md b/jdg/13/19.md index 6c9c347c03..e2ae1ff9bb 100644 --- a/jdg/13/19.md +++ b/jdg/13/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar ## +# with the grain offering + +This law requires a grain offering to be offered when a burnt offering is made. AT: "with the grain offering required with it" or "with the grain offering to accompany it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# on the rock + +"on the altar." The altar Manoah sacrificed the offering on was a rock. + +# He did something + +"The angel did something" + +# the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar "the angel of Yahweh went back up into heaven through the flames on the altar" -## lay facedown on the ground ## +# lay facedown on the ground -“lay with their faces to the ground.” This is a sign of respect and honor, but it also shows their fear of Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +"lay with their faces to the ground." This is a sign of respect and honor, but it also shows their fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/21.md b/jdg/13/21.md index a4f873185e..b283461188 100644 --- a/jdg/13/21.md +++ b/jdg/13/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## that he was the angel of Yahweh ## +# that he was the angel of Yahweh The word "he" refers to the man who Manoah and his wife had seen. -## We are sure to die, because we have seen God! ## +# We are sure to die, because we have seen God -God is so holy, Manoah feared that God would kill him and his wife because they saw him. \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that they think God will cause them to die. This can be made clear. AT: "God will cause us to die because we have seen him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/23.md b/jdg/13/23.md index 1863627bf0..f0257184b0 100644 --- a/jdg/13/23.md +++ b/jdg/13/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## nor ... would he have let us hear such things." ## +# He would not have shown us all these things, nor at this time would he have let us hear such things -AT: "and ... he would not have told us things like these." \ No newline at end of file +Manoah's wife said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. These two statements can be combined. AT: "He would not have told us what he wanted us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/24.md b/jdg/13/24.md index a1dc312c5b..5affa27d22 100644 --- a/jdg/13/24.md +++ b/jdg/13/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## the woman gave birth ## +# the woman -AT: "Manoah's wife gave birth" +"Manoah's wife" -## grew up ## +# gave birth to a son -This phrase refers to a child becoming an adult. AT: "became an adult" or "matured" +This refers to childbirth. AT: "bore a son" or "had a baby boy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Mahaneh Dan...Zorah and Eshtaol ## +# grew up -Mahaneh Dan was a temporary camp that the tribe of Dan lived in while they looked for a permanent home. Zorah and Eshtaol are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"became an adult" or "matured" -## Yahweh's Spirit began to stir him ## +# Yahweh's Spirit began to stir him -The word "stir" refers to Yahweh's influence on Samson like a spoon that stirs food in a pot. Yahweh was beginning to influence the way Samson thought. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the way Yahweh's Spirit influences Samson is compared to the way a spoon stirs food in a pot. AT: "Yahweh's Spirit began to influence Samson" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Mahaneh Dan ... Eshtaol + +Mahaneh Dan is the name of a temporary camp that the tribe of Dan lived in while they looked for a permanent home. Eshtaol is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zorah + +Translate the name of this town the same way you did in [Judges 13:2](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/13/intro.md b/jdg/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e911a348e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Judges 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the account of Samson. (See: [Judges 13-16](./01.md)) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Warning not to cut his hair ##### + +The angel of the Lord prophesied about Samson and gave instructions to Samson's mother. Samson's mother was to offer up her son under a Nazarite vow. This was a special type of vow, dedicating Samson to Yahweh. Part of this vow prohibited the cutting of the person's hair. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/01.md b/jdg/14/01.md index fb99cc71bb..d97a8f8c4e 100644 --- a/jdg/14/01.md +++ b/jdg/14/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Samson went down to Timnah ## +# Samson went down to Timnah -The word "down" refers to going to a lower place. +The phrase "went down" is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father's house was. Timah is the name of a city in the Sorek Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Timnah ## +# one of the daughters of the Philistines -This is the name of a town in the Sorek Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The word "daughter" is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. AT: "one of the unmarried women among the Philistine people" or "a Philistine girl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## one of the daughters of the Philistines ## +# Now get her for me to be my wife -The word "daughter" is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. AT: "one of the unmarried women among the Philistine people" or "a Philistine girl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## Now get her for me to be my wife ## - -Samson was asking his parents to speak to the Philistine woman's parents about marriage. AT: "Now arrange for her to become my wife" or "Make the arrangements for me to marry her" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman's parents about marriage. AT: "Now arrange for her to become my wife!" or "Make the arrangements for me to marry her!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/03.md b/jdg/14/03.md index e29690f316..08f63ab1e3 100644 --- a/jdg/14/03.md +++ b/jdg/14/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people? ## +# Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people? -Samson's parents used this question to say that he should find a wife among his own people, the people of Israel. AT: "Surely there are women among your people whom you could marry." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +They ask this question to suggest that they could find Samson a wife among their own people. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Surely there are women among your people whom you could marry." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines? ## +# the daughters of your relatives -Samson's parents used this question to show that they were shocked and they disapproved that he would want to marry a Philistine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The word "daughter" is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. AT: "one of the unmarried women among your relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## when I look at her, she pleases me ## +# Are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines? -Samson describes the Philistine woman's beauty and how she looks by referring to his emotions when he looks at her. AT: "because she is beautiful." +This question is asked to rebuke Samson. This question can be written as a statement. You can make explicit the reason his parents do not want him to marry a Philistine. AT: "You really should not marry a Philistine woman because the Philistine people do not worship Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## this matter ## +# Get her for me -This refers to Samson's request to marry the Philistine woman. \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman's parents about marriage. AT: "Now arrange for her to be my wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# she pleases me + +This means that Samson thinks she is beautiful. "I am pleased by how beautiful she is" or "she is beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# this matter + +This refers to Samson's request to marry the Philistine woman. + +# for he desired to create a conflict + +The word "he" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/05.md b/jdg/14/05.md index ae800b79a2..6425450985 100644 --- a/jdg/14/05.md +++ b/jdg/14/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Timnah ## +# Samson went down to Timnah -See how you translated this in [Judges 14:1](./01.md). +The phrase "went down" is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father's house was. Timnah was a city in the Sorek Valley. Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 14:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## was roaring ## +# And, look, there one of the young lions came up -"made a loud deep noise." This is the kind of noise that a lion makes when it threatens to attack something. +Here the word "look" is used to draw the readers attention to a surprising event that happens in the story. The phrase "came up" means that the lion came near him. AT: "Suddenly, a young lion came near him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## came on him ## +# was roaring at him -This refers to Yahweh's Spirit coming to help Samson by giving him strength. AT: "strengthened him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"threatened him." This is the kind of noise that a lion makes when it threatens to attack something. -## tore ... apart ## +# Yahweh's Spirit suddenly came on him -tore into pieces +The phrase "came on" means that Yahweh's Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. AT: "Yahweh's Spirit made him very strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## had nothing in his hand ## +# tore ... apart -AT: "did not use a weapon" \ No newline at end of file +tore into two pieces + +# had nothing in his hand + +Here it states that he had nothing in his hand to emphasize that he was not holding a weapon. AT: "did not have a weapon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/07.md b/jdg/14/07.md index d8720940dc..af00bc421f 100644 --- a/jdg/14/07.md +++ b/jdg/14/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## she pleased Samson ## +# she pleased Samson -AT: "he was pleased by how beautiful she was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This means that he thought she was very beautiful. AT: "he was pleased by how beautiful she was" or "he thought she was very beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he turned aside ## +# he turned aside -AT: "he left the path" +This means that he left his path to do something. AT: "he left the path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## carcass ## +# carcass "dead body" -## swarm ## +# And, look, there was a swarm of bees + +Here the word "look" is used to draw the reader's attention to something surprising that happens in the story. AT: "He found a swarm of bees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# swarm large group of insects -## scraped up ## +# scraped up -"gathered up" - -## he did not tell them he had taken the honey out of what was left of the lion’s body ## - -Samson did not tell his parents he had gotten the honey from the dead lion because it was wrong for the people of Israel to eat anything that had come in contact with the dead body of an unclean animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"gathered up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/10.md b/jdg/14/10.md index b8404d2a93..f3a66ee184 100644 --- a/jdg/14/10.md +++ b/jdg/14/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Samson's father went down to where the woman was ## +# Samson's father went down to where the woman was -The woman and her family lived in the valley. AT: "Samson's father went down where the woman lived" +The phrase "went down" is used to describe Timnah which is lower in elevation than where Samson's father lives. AT: "Samson's father went to where the woman lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## relatives ## +# the custom of the young men -AT: "family members" +It may be helpful to state that this was a marriage custom. AT: "the custom of young men who were getting married" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## thirty of their friends ## +# thirty of their friends "30 of their friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/12.md b/jdg/14/12.md index 5261d7c9ae..efd64f11f6 100644 --- a/jdg/14/12.md +++ b/jdg/14/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## riddle ## +# riddle a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question -## can find it out ## +# can find it out -AT: "understand the question" +This means to figure out the meaning of the riddle. AT: "can figure out its meaning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## thirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes ## +# thirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes "30 linen robes and 30 sets of clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## linen ## +# But if you cannot tell me + +Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the guests at the feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# linen a type of cloth \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/14.md b/jdg/14/14.md index 670df8dedc..3ca7185d81 100644 --- a/jdg/14/14.md +++ b/jdg/14/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Samson tells his riddle. Since it is supposed to be hard to understand, do not translate it in a way that people will immediately know what it means. -## Out of the eater was something to eat ## +# Out of the eater was something to eat -AT: "Out of the eater came something to eat" or "Something to eat came out of something that eats" +"Out of the eater came something to eat" or "Something to eat came out of something that eats" -## the eater ## +# the eater -"the thing that eats" +The noun "eater" can be expressed as a verb phrase. AT: "the thing that eats" -## out of the strong was something sweet ## +# out of the strong was something sweet -AT: "out of the strong came something sweet" or "Something that is sweet came out of something that is strong" +"out of the strong came something sweet" or "Something that is sweet came out of something that is strong" -## the strong ## +# the strong -"the strong thing" +This refers to something that is strong. AT: "the strong thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## his guests ## +# his guests -This refers to the people that were invited to his feast. AT:"the men at at his feast" \ No newline at end of file +"the men at his feast" + +# could not find the answer + +Here figuring out the answer to the riddle is spoke of as if it were something hidden that the guest had to search for and find. AT: "could not figure out the answer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/15.md b/jdg/14/15.md index a7862a0d10..545f40bb46 100644 --- a/jdg/14/15.md +++ b/jdg/14/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## On the fourth day ## +# the fourth day -"On day 4" +"the 4th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Trick ## +# Trick mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do -## your father’s houses ## +# your father's house -Possible meanings are 1) “the houses your father and his family live in” or 2) “your father's family.” The word “house” can refer to the people who live in it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the actual house. AT: "the house your father and his family live in" or 2) "house" refers to the people who live in it. AT: "your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will burn up + +The phrase "burn up" means to burn something completely. If a person is "burnt up," it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Did you invite us here in order to make us poor + +They ask her this question to accuse her of inviting them there to make them poor. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You have brought us here to make us poor!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to make us poor + +They would become poor if they had to buy him new clothes if they could not solve the riddle. AT: "to make us poor by forcing us to buy him new clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/16.md b/jdg/14/16.md index 630114e424..85e0caa146 100644 --- a/jdg/14/16.md +++ b/jdg/14/16.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## All you do is hate me! You do not love me ## +# All you do is hate me! You do not love me -She was accusing him of not loving her because he did not tell her the answer to the riddle. +Samson's wife basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. AT: "You do not really love me at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## riddle ## +# riddle a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question -## Look here ## +# Look here -Paying attention is spoken of as looking. AT: "Listen to me" or "Pay attention to what I'm about to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is used to get someones attention. Here "look" means to "listen." AT: "Listen to me" or "Pay attention to what I am about to say" -## if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you? ## +# if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you? -Samson was rebuking her for demanding that he tell her the answer to the riddle. AT: "I have not even told my father or mother. I do not have to tell you" or “It is not reasonable for you to demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Samson was rebuking her for demanding that he tell her the answer. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "I have not even told my father or mother. I will not tell you." or "you should not demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## during the seven days that their feast lasted ## +# during the seven days that their feast lasted -Possible meanings are 1) “during the seven days of their feast” or 2) “the rest of the seven days of their feast.” +Possible meanings are 1) "during the seven days of their feast" or 2) "during the rest of the seven days of their feast." -## on the seventh day ## +# the seventh day -"on day 7" +"the 7th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## she pressured him very much ## +# she pressured him very much -This compares her complaining to putting pressure on something until it breaks. AT: "she kept urging him to tell her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "pressured" means "urged." AT: "she kept urging him to tell her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/18.md b/jdg/14/18.md index 5e1ed905e9..70950e87ec 100644 --- a/jdg/14/18.md +++ b/jdg/14/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## on the seventh day ## +# the men of the city -"on day 7" +This refers to Samson's wife's relatives. This can be stated clearly. AT: "the young men" or "her relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion? ## +# the seventh day -These questions are used to answer the riddle. AT: "Honey is sweet and a lion is strong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) If necessary it could be made clear how this relates to the riddle by adding "Honey came out of a lion" or "Honey was found in a lion's body." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"the 7th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## If you had not plowed with my heifer ## +# What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion? + +This is the answer to the riddle. It may be written as a statement instead of as questions. If necessary it could be made clear how this relates to the riddle by adding more information. AT: "Honey is sweet and a lion is strong." or "Honey is sweet and it came out of a lion." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If you had not plowed with my heifer Samson compares their using his wife to get the answer to someone using another person's heifer to plow his field. AT: "If you had not used my wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## plowed ## +# plowed To plow is to use an animal to pull a blade through soil to prepare the soil for seeds. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/19.md b/jdg/14/19.md index 279a5f7eec..bae13f4893 100644 --- a/jdg/14/19.md +++ b/jdg/14/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## came on Samson with power ## +# came on Samson with power -AT: "came to Samson and gave him great power" or "and came to Samson and made him very strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The phrase "came on" means that Yahweh's Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. AT: "made Samson very strong" or "made Samson very powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## killed thirty men ## +# killed thirty of their men -"killed 30 men" - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"killed 30 of their men" - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## those people ## +# their men -the people who live in Ashkelon +"the men who lived there" -## plunder ## +# plunder things taken by force, usually after a fight or battle -## furious ## +# their clothes -AT: "very angry" +These were from the plunder he had taken from Ashkelon. AT: "the sets of clothing that he had taken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## went up to his father’s house ## +# Burning with anger -AT: "went up the mountainside to his father's house" \ No newline at end of file +"Very angry" + +# went up to his father's house + +The phrase "went up" is used here because Samson was at Timnah which is lower in elevation than where his father's house is located. + +# Samson's wife was given to his best friend + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his wife's father gave her to his best friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# best friend + +"closest friend" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/14/intro.md b/jdg/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..15d705f213 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Judges 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The account of Samson continues in this chapter. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 14:14, 18, which are important quotations. + +##### Special concepts in this chapter ##### + +##### Intermarriage ##### +It was considered sinful for an Israel to marry a Canaanite or anyone from a different people group. This is why Samson's parents did not want him to marry a Philistine woman. They use rhetorical questions to convince him that he is sinning. This woman caused Samson many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/01.md b/jdg/15/01.md index 043f102f4e..275b582da0 100644 --- a/jdg/15/01.md +++ b/jdg/15/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## He said to himself ## +# He said to himself -This means "He thought." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This refers to thinking. AT: "He thought to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I will go to my wife's room ## +# I will go to my wife's room -AT: "I will go to my wife's room so we can have sexual relations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Samson intended to sleep with his wife. This can be stated clearly. AT: "I will go to my wife's room, so we may sleep together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## would not allow him to go in ## +# would not allow him to go in -AT: "would not permit him to go in to her room" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +It may be helpful to add the missing words. AT: "would not permit him to go in to her room" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## so I gave her to your friend ## +# so I gave her to your friend -AT: "so I gave her to be married to your friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This means that he gave her to be his friend's wife. This can be stated clearly. AT: "so I gave her to be married to your friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## is she not? ## +# is she not? -Her father asked this because he wanted Samson to agree with him that the younger sister was more beautiful. AT: "You cannot deny it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +He asks this question to imply that Samson should agree with him. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "I hope you agree." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Take her instead ## +# Take her instead -AT: "Choose her to be your wife instead." \ No newline at end of file +He is suggesting that Samson take her as his wife. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Take her to be your wife instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/03.md b/jdg/15/03.md index 45c30a538a..aadadd573f 100644 --- a/jdg/15/03.md +++ b/jdg/15/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them ## +# I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them -AT: "I have a good (or "legitimate") reason to hurt you Philistines" +Samson thinks that he will be innocent if he attacks the Philistines because they wronged him. This can be stated clearly. AT: "I will be innocent if I hurt the Philistines because they have wronged me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## three hundred foxes ## +# three hundred foxes -"300 hundred foxes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"300 foxes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## foxes ## +# foxes -Foxes are animals like dogs that eat nesting birds and other small animals. If foxes are unknown in your area, use a general term for dog-like creatures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +Foxes are animals like dogs that have long tails and that eat nesting birds and other small animals. -## each pair ## +# each pair a pair is two of anything, such as two foxes, or two tails -## torch ## +# tail to tail -a small fire that burns cloth tied around one end of a stick of wood \ No newline at end of file +"by their tails" + +# torches + +A torch is a stick of wood with something flammable attached to one end; a torch is often used to light other things or to be carried for light. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/05.md b/jdg/15/05.md index 08015e6128..f763c85e22 100644 --- a/jdg/15/05.md +++ b/jdg/15/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## standing grain ## +# standing grain grain that is still growing on its stalk in the field -## stacked grain ## +# stacked grain the stalks of grain collected in piles after it has been harvested -## orchard ## +# orchards -a place fruit trees are grown +An orchard is a place where fruit trees are grown. -## Timnite ## +# the Timnite's son-in-law -a person from Timnah. Here this person from Timnah is Samson's wife's father. +The husband of a man's daughter is a "son-in-law." -## the Timnite's son-in-law ## +# Timnite -in-law** - The husband of a man's daughter is a "son-in-law." +This is a person from Timnah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## took Samson’s wife and gave her to his friend ## +# took Samson's wife and gave her to his friend -"took Samson's wife and allowed her to marry Samson's friend" \ No newline at end of file +Samson's wife's father gave her in marriage to Samson's friend. This can be stated clearly. AT: "took Samson's wife and allowed her to marry Samson's friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# burned up + +The phrase "burned up" means to burn something completely. If a person is "burned up," it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/07.md b/jdg/15/07.md index 477fa5e76e..1b98532c3b 100644 --- a/jdg/15/07.md +++ b/jdg/15/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## said to them ## +# said to them "said to the Philistines" -## he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh ## +# If this is what you do -This phrase is used to express that the attack was very violent. The hip and thigh are parts of the body and leg. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Because you have done this." -## cave ## +# he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh + +Here "hip and thigh" refers to the whole body. This is a graphic description of how Samson killed the Philistines. AT: "He cut their bodies to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he went down + +Here the phrase "went down" does not likely mean that he changed elevation, but rather, it is a way to describe someone going to another place. AT: "he went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# cave an opening in a hill or mountainside -## cliff ## +# cliff -a high, rocky hill or mountainside +a high, rocky hill or mountainside -## Etam ## +# Etam -the name of the rocky hill country near Jerusalem (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of the rocky hill country near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/09.md b/jdg/15/09.md index 8cad224930..6c7d46667a 100644 --- a/jdg/15/09.md +++ b/jdg/15/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## prepared for battle ## +# the Philistines came up ... in Judah -AT: "organized themselves for battle" +The phrase "came up" is used here because the Philistines went to Judah which is higher in elevation than where they traveled from. -## Lehi ## +# prepared for battle -This is the name of a town in Judah. It was given this name because of what happened in this event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"organized themselves for battle" -## so we may do to him as he has done to us ## +# Lehi -The people knew that Samson had killed many Philistines. AT: "so we may kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# do to him as he has done to us + +The Philistines are comparing how they want to kill Samson to how he killed many of the Philistines. AT: "kill him like he killed many of our people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/11.md b/jdg/15/11.md index 4a8089a442..a23663d704 100644 --- a/jdg/15/11.md +++ b/jdg/15/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## three thousand men of Judah ## +# three thousand men of Judah "3,000 men of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## cave in the cliff of Etam ## +# cave in the cliff of Etam -See how you translated this in [Judges 15:7](./07.md). +See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 15:8](./07.md). -## Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us? ## +# Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us? What is this you have done to us? -The Israelites ask this question to accuse Samson of rebelling against the Philistines. AT: "You know that the Philistines are rulers over us but you act like they are not." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The men of Judah ask Samson these questions to rebuke him. This questions may be written as a statements. AT: "You know that the Philistines are rulers over us but you act like they are not. What you have done has caused us great harm." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What is this you have done to us? ## +# They did to me, and so I have done to them -The Israelites ask this question to express that Samson's actions have caused them harm AT: "What you have done has caused us great harm." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## They did to me, and so I have done to them. ## - -AT: "They did evil to me, so I have done evil to them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Samson is referring to how they killed his wife and how he killed them in revenge. This can be stated clearly. AT: "They killed my wife, so I killed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/12.md b/jdg/15/12.md index 8464c9fa06..4cf6a67473 100644 --- a/jdg/15/12.md +++ b/jdg/15/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the power of the Philistines ## +# the hands of the Philistines -"the control of the Philistines" +Here "hands" refers to power. AT: "the Philistine's control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## from the rock ## +# hand you over to them -This refers to the cave in the cliff of Etam where Samson had gone in [Judges 15:7](./07.md). AT: "from the cave in the large rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means to cause someone to be under someone else's control. AT: "give you to the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# up from the rock + +This refers to the cave in the cliff of Etam where Samson had gone in [Judges 15:8](./07.md). Here the words "up from" mean that they had brought him away from the cave. AT: "away from the cave in the large rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/14.md b/jdg/15/14.md index 876d18973a..4c48eafa06 100644 --- a/jdg/15/14.md +++ b/jdg/15/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Lehi ## +# When he came -Translate this place the same way you translated it in [Judges 15:9](./09.md). +Samson was not travelling alone, he was being led by the men who had tied him with ropes. AT: "When they came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Yahweh's Spirit came on him in power ## +# Lehi -The phrase "came on him" refers to help that Yahweh gave Samson. AT: "Yahweh's spirit added powerful strength to Samson" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is the name of a town in Judah. See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](./09.md). -## ropes on his arms became like burnt flax ## +# came on him with power -The ropes are compared to burnt flax because they were very easy for Samson to break. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The phrase "came on" means that Yahweh's Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. AT: "made Samson very strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## flax ## +# The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax + +Samson easily broken the ropes that bound his hands. The author describes how easily he broke the ropes by saying it was as if they had become burnt flax. AT: "He snapped the ropes on his arms as easily as if they had been stalks of burned flax" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# flax fibers from the flax plant used for making threads and cloth \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/15.md b/jdg/15/15.md index b80be3687b..4f4cd05907 100644 --- a/jdg/15/15.md +++ b/jdg/15/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## jawbone ## +# a fresh jawbone -the bone in which the lower rows of teeth are set +This means that the donkey had died very recently and its bones had not yet begun to decay. A jawbone is the bone in which the lower rows of teeth are set. -## a thousand men ## +# a thousand men "1,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## heaps upon heaps ## +# the jawbone of a donkey -"many heaps." These are piles of bodies from the soldiers that Samson killed. AT: "I have killed enough men to create many heaps of dead bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"a donkey's jawbone" + +# heaps upon heaps + +This phrase describes how many people Samson killed. There were enough bodies to make large piles of bodies. AT: "I have made heaps of dead bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/17.md b/jdg/15/17.md index 19f2272bdf..521e86094e 100644 --- a/jdg/15/17.md +++ b/jdg/15/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Ramath Lehi ## +# Ramath Lehi This is the name of a place. It's name means "Jawbone Hill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the place was called ## +# was very thirsty -AT: "he called the place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"needed water to drink" -## very thirsty ## +# But now will I die of thirst and fall into ... uncircumcised? -AT: "had great need for water to drink" +Possible meanings are 1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. AT: "But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into ... uncircumcised." or 2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. AT: "But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into ... uncircumcised?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## I will fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised ## +# die of thirst -The idea of "fall" is to lose in a conflict. AT: "Those uncircumcised men will take revenge on me and defeat me" \ No newline at end of file +This means to die because you have not drank enough and therefore, you do not have enough water in your body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised + +The phrase "fall into the hands" means to be captured. "Those who are uncircumcised" refers to the Philistines and with the word "uncircumcised" emphasizing that they do not worship Yahweh. AT: "be captured by those godless Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/19.md b/jdg/15/19.md index acb5d363a6..2096b23d90 100644 --- a/jdg/15/19.md +++ b/jdg/15/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## split open the hollow place that is at Lehi ## +# split open the hollow place -AT: "opened up a hole in the ground at Lehi" +"opened a hole in the ground" or "opened the low place." This refers to a low area of ground where Yahweh caused a spring of water to appear. -## Lehi ## +# Lehi See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](./09.md) -## revived ## +# his strength returned and he revived -get one's strength or power back again +These two phrase mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Samson became strong again. These two statements can be combined. AT: "he became strong again" or "he was revived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## En Hakkore ## +# En Hakkore This is the name of a spring of water. The name means "spring of him who prayed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in the days of ## +# it is at Lehi to this day -AT: "during the time of" +This means that the spring did not dry up but that it remained. The phrase "to this day" refers to the "present" time. AT: "the spring can still be found at Lehi, even today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## for twenty years ## +# in the days of the Philistines + +This refers to the time period that the Philistines controlled the land of Israel. AT: "during the time the Philistines controlled Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for twenty years "for 20 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/15/intro.md b/jdg/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5cf9b63845 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Judges 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The account of Samson continues in this chapter. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 15:16, which is an important quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Samson's strength ##### + +The Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon Samson. This meant God gave Samson extraordinary strength. Samson's power is the power of Yahweh himself and he enacted the judgment of God on the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/01.md b/jdg/16/01.md index 6788b8fe50..c6d7e95622 100644 --- a/jdg/16/01.md +++ b/jdg/16/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## he went to bed with her ## +# he went to bed with her -This means that he had sexual relations with her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The phrase "went to bed with" is a polite way of referring to having sex. AT: "he had sex with her" or "he slept with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## The Gazites were told ## +# The Gazites were told -"The people of Gaza were told" +The word "Gazites" refers to people from Gaza. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone told the people of Gaza" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## They made no move ## +# The Gazites surrounded the place ... they waited for him all night at the city gate -AT: "They made no attempt to attack him" \ No newline at end of file +This implies that some Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying and others waited at the city gate so that he could not leave. + +# They kept silent all night + +Possible meanings are 1) "They did not make any noise all night" or 2) "They made no attempt to attack him all night." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/03.md b/jdg/16/03.md index b1c16d0865..6a759a6d37 100644 --- a/jdg/16/03.md +++ b/jdg/16/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## midnight ## +# midnight "the middle of the night" -## its two posts ## +# its two posts -supports for the city gate. These posts were probably made from tree trunks and were buried deep into the ground. The doors of the city gate were attached to these posts. +These are supports for the city gate. These posts were probably made from tree trunks and were buried deep into the ground. The doors of the city gate were attached to these posts. -## bar and all ## +# bar and all The bar was probably a heavy rod of iron that connected the gate to the posts. The doors of the city gate were probably made of heavy wooden beams or iron bars. -## shoulders ## +# shoulders the part of the human body where the arms and the neck attach to the body -## in front of Hebron ## +# Hebron -"across from Hebron" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/04.md b/jdg/16/04.md index 4c058c1c5a..6b3ff228aa 100644 --- a/jdg/16/04.md +++ b/jdg/16/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## valley of Sorek ## +# Valley of Sorek -This is the name of a valley near Samson's home. The name "Sorek" means best vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a valley near Samson's home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Trick ## +# Trick -mislead or fool or trap someone into doing something they would not want to do +to mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do -## to see ## +# to see -Seeing something is used to refer to understanding it. AT: "to understand" or "to learn" +This is an idiom that means to learn something. AT: "to understand" or "to learn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## where his great strength lies ## +# where his great strength lies -AT: "what causes him to be very strong" +This is an idiom that refers to where his strength comes from. AT: "what causes him to be very strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## by what means we may overpower him ## +# by what means we may overpower him -AT: "how we might overpower him" \ No newline at end of file +"how we might overpower him""" + +# 1,100 pieces of silver + +"one thousand one hundred pieces of silver." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/06.md b/jdg/16/06.md index 8b4685d77b..1e9fc809ac 100644 --- a/jdg/16/06.md +++ b/jdg/16/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## fresh bowstrings ## +# bind you, so you might be controlled -The word "fresh" describes a young plant that is still moist and hard to break. "Bowstrings" are strong strings used to shoot arrows from a bow. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "bind you to control you" or "bind you to restrain you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fresh bowstrings + +Bowstrings were often made from parts of an animal, often from the tendons. The words "fresh bowstrings" refer to those that come from a freshly slaughtered animal that have not yet dried. + +# that have not been dried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that have not yet dried" or "that are not dry yet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/08.md b/jdg/16/08.md index b46eecc224..b7c586b0fd 100644 --- a/jdg/16/08.md +++ b/jdg/16/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## she tied Samson up with them ## +# that had not been dried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that had not yet dried" or "that were not dry yet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# she tied Samson up with them "Delilah tied Samson up with the fresh bowstrings" -## he broke the bowstrings like a thread of yarn when it touches the fire ## +# Now -This compares the bowstrings which normally cannot be broken easily to something that breaks very quickly. AT: "he broke the bowstrings easily" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells background information about Philistine men that Delilah had waiting to capture Samson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# The Philistines are upon you + +The phrase "upon you" means that they are ready to capture him. AT: "The Philistines are here to capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he broke the bowstrings like a thread of yarn when it touches the fire + +The author describes how easily he broke the bowstrings by comparing them to how yarn breaks when it is burned. AT: "he broke the bowstrings as easily as if he were breaking burned yarn" or "he broke the bowstrings as easily as if they were made of thin yarn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/10.md b/jdg/16/10.md index 48eb3ac05f..ed775532d4 100644 --- a/jdg/16/10.md +++ b/jdg/16/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## have deceived me...told me lies ## +# This is how you have deceived me and told me lies. -Both of these phrases have similar meanings. It is said in different ways to add emphasis to the statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. AT: "You have greatly deceived me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## lying in wait ## +# you can be overpowered -This phrase refers to people who are ready to attack but silently wait for the right moment. AT: "ready to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people can overpower you" -## Samson tore off the ropes from his arms like they were a piece of thread ## +# The Philistines are upon you -This phrase compares the ropes to thread because thread is thin and easy to break. AT: "Samson easily tore the ropes off of his arms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "upon you" means that they are there to capture him. AT: "The Philistines are here to capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# lying in wait + +This means that they were hiding and waiting for the right moment to attack. AT: "waiting to attack him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# like they were a piece of thread + +The author describes how easily Samson broke the ropes by comparing it to him breaking a piece of thread. AT: "as easily as if they were only a piece of thread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/13.md b/jdg/16/13.md index 515b9133f6..fd29d7d018 100644 --- a/jdg/16/13.md +++ b/jdg/16/13.md @@ -1,27 +1,47 @@ -## you have deceived me and told me lies ## +# you have deceived me and told me lies -Both of these phrases mean the same thing. Delilah expresses this twice to emphasize that she is upset. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. AT: "you have greatly deceived me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## weave ## +# you may be overpowered -crossing pieces of material together so they hold each other in place. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people can overpower you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## locks of my hair ## +# weave -small bunches of hair separated by using a ring, tying it with a string or weaving it together in small sections. +crossing pieces of material together so they hold each other in place -## fabric ## +# locks of my hair -cloth made from weaving material together. +small bunches of hair -## loom ## +# fabric -A machine used for combining many threads of material into a cloth. +cloth made from weaving material together -## nail ## +# loom -to hammer a nail +a machine used for combining many threads of material into a cloth (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## I will be like any other man ## +# then nail that to the loom -AT: "I will have the same strength as any other man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"then nail the fabric to the loom" + +# nail + +to hammer a nail in order to hold something in one place + +# I will be like any other man + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "I will be as weak as any other man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The Philistines are upon you + +The phrase "upon you" means that they are there to capture him. AT: "The Philistines are here to capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he pulled out the fabric and the pin from the loom + +Samson pulled out the fabric from the loom when he pulled his hair away from the loom. This can be stated clearly. AT: "pulled away his hair, taking with it the pin of the loom and the fabric in the loom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the pin + +This is the wooden nail or peg used to fasten the fabric to the loom. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/15.md b/jdg/16/15.md index e2f657f19a..776572199f 100644 --- a/jdg/16/15.md +++ b/jdg/16/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## How can you say, ‘I love you,’ when you do not share your secrets with me? ## +# How can you say, 'I love you,' when you do not share your secrets with me? -Delilah asks this question to cause Samson to feel bad for not telling her the secret of his strength. AT: "When you say 'I love you,' it must be a lie because you do not share your secrets with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Delilah asks this question to say that if Samson really loved her he would tell her his secrets. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "When you say 'I love you,' you are lying because you do not share your secrets with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## pressed him hard...pressured him ## +# pressed him hard ... pressured him -This phrase uses physical pressure to express the feeling a person has when someone continually tries to persuade them to do something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the author speaks of how Delilah tries to persuade Samson as if she were putting pressure on him to convince him to tell her what she wants to know. AT: "tried hard to persuade him ... kept trying to persuade him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## that he wished he would die ## +# with her words -This phrase expresses that a person is so angry or sad that his emotions are compared to someone who might want to die. AT: "that he was very sad and angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +"by what she said to him" + +# that he wished he would die + +The author used a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize how miserable Sampson felt. AT: "that he was completely miserable" or "that he was very unhappy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/17.md b/jdg/16/17.md index da1565b9d3..46b2f2ee23 100644 --- a/jdg/16/17.md +++ b/jdg/16/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## razor ## +# told her everything -a sharp blade used to cut hair close to a person's skin. +everything about the source of his strength. This can be stated clearly. AT: "told her the source of his strength" or "told her the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## from my mother’s womb ## +# razor -Samson refers to his birth by referring to where he was before birth. Referring to his birth is used to refer to his entire life. AT: "my entire life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +a sharp blade used to cut hair close to a person's skin -## my strength will leave me ## +# a Nazirite for God -Samson refers to his strength as something that can leave to refer to not having it anymore. AT: "my strength will be gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This means that he is devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 13:5](../13/03.md). AT: "a Nazirite devoted to God" or "devoted to God as a Nazirite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## shaved ## +# from my mother's womb -To have had the hair cut close to the skin with a razor. \ No newline at end of file +Here "from my mother's womb" refers to to when he was born. This means that he has been a Nazirite since he was born. AT: "my entire life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# If my head is shaved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If someone shaves my head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# shaved + +to have had the hair cut close to the skin with a razor + +# my strength will leave me + +Samson speaks about his strength as if it were a person who could leave him. AT: "I will not be strong any more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/18.md b/jdg/16/18.md index 310a82b989..8782a5edd6 100644 --- a/jdg/16/18.md +++ b/jdg/16/18.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## saw ## +# Delilah saw -"understood" or "learned" +Here the word "saw" is a idiom that means to realize something. AT: "Delilah realized" or "Delilah learned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the truth about everything ## +# the truth about everything -The word "everything" refers to the entire story about why he is so strong. AT: "truth about everything about the secret to his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here the word "everything" refers to everything about why Samson was strong. AT: "the truth about why he is strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Come up again ## +# Come up again -Delilah lived higher on the mountain than where the rulers were staying. +Delilah is telling the rulers to come again to where she lives. Her home is likely at a higher elevation than where the rulers would be travelling from. -## She had him fall asleep ## +# bringing the silver in their hands + +This means that they brought to her the silver that they had promised to give her if she helped them capture Samson. AT: "bringing the silver that they had promised to give her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# She had him fall asleep "She caused him to fall asleep" -## in her lap ## +# in her lap -"on Delilah's thighs" (the thigh is the upper leg) +This means that he slept with his head on her lap. This can be stated clearly. AT: "with his head on her lap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the seven locks of his head ## +# lap -These were locks of hair. A lock holds something else in place. Samson's hair was separated into seven sections. +The lap is the level area of the upper legs when a person is sitting down. -## subdue him ## +# the seven locks of his head + +Samson had seven locks of hair on his head. Locks are small bunches of hair. Here his locks of hair are described as "belonging" to his head. AT: "the seven locks of hair on his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) + +# subdue him "control him" -## his strength had left him ## +# his strength had left him -AT: "his strength was gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Samson's strength is described as if it were a person who could leave him. AT: "his strength was gone" or "he was no longer strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/20.md b/jdg/16/20.md index 5da2cdd107..b8f5837ab4 100644 --- a/jdg/16/20.md +++ b/jdg/16/20.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## woke up ## +# The Philistines are upon you + +The phrase "upon you" means that they are ready to capture him. AT: "The Philistines are here to capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# woke up "awakened" -## get out ## +# get out "escape" -## put out his eyes ## +# But he did not know that Yahweh had left him -"removed his eyes" +It is implied that if Yahweh left Samson, he would no longer be strong. AT: "But he did not know that Yahweh had left him and that he would not be strong enough to defeat the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## bound him with bronze shackles ## +# put out his eyes + +This means that they removed his eyes from his head. AT: "removed his eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# down to Gaza + +The phrase "down to" is used here because they brought Samson to Gaza which is lower in elevation than his home where they captured him. + +# bound him with bronze shackles "chained him with bronze shackles" or "tied him up using bronze shackles" -## shackles ## +# shackles locks on the end of chains that hold a prisoner at his feet or hands, or both -## turned the millstone ## +# turned the millstone "pulled the millstone around in a circle" -## millstone ## +# millstone -a very large, heavy, circular stone that rolls over grain to crush it. A millstone is rolled over the grain by being pulled around in a circle by a large animal like a cow or horse. +This is a very large, heavy, circular stone. Normally, a large animal pulls the millstone around in a circle to crush grain. Here the Philistines humiliate Samson by making him pull it. -## after it had been shaved ## +# after it had been shaved -AT: "after the Philistines had shaved it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after the Philistines had shaved it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/23.md b/jdg/16/23.md index 083387c420..546c4d342a 100644 --- a/jdg/16/23.md +++ b/jdg/16/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Dagon ## +# Dagon a major false god of the Philistines (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## conquered ## +# conquered "defeated" -## put him in our grasp ## +# put him in our grasp -AT: "put him in our control" \ No newline at end of file +Here the author speak of Samson being under the rulers' control as if he were something grasped tightly by their hands. AT: "put him under our control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the destroyer of our country + +This refers to Samson. The word "destroyer" can be expressed with the verb "destroy." AT: "the man who has destroyed our country" + +# who killed many of us + +Here the word "us" refers to the Philistine people. Those who are talking are not counting themselves among the people whom Samson killed. AT: "who killed many of our people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/25.md b/jdg/16/25.md index 64b65d0e4d..93e7e5acd2 100644 --- a/jdg/16/25.md +++ b/jdg/16/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests ## +# Call for Samson ... They called for Samson -AT: "Allow me to touch the pillars which hold up the building." \ No newline at end of file +Since Samson was a prisoner, he would not be called directly, but rather the people were asking for the men in charge of the prison to bring him to them. AT: "Call for them to bring out Samson ... They brought Samson" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the boy + +"the young man" This was not a young child, but rather a youth. + +# Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests + +"Allow me to touch the pillars which hold up the building" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/27.md b/jdg/16/27.md index efdf73918f..ab3be27239 100644 --- a/jdg/16/27.md +++ b/jdg/16/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Now ## +# Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story while the writer tells background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## three thousand men and women ## +# three thousand men and women "3,000 men and women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## while Samson was entertaining them ## +# looking on -to entertain is to perform an act or show in front of people to help them laugh and be happy. AT: "while Samson performed for them" \ No newline at end of file +"watching" + +# while Samson was entertaining them + +It is unclear what Samson did to entertain them. It seems the Philistines were making him do things that would humiliate him so that they could make fun of him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/28.md b/jdg/16/28.md index 9f9ba94e27..f8594246fa 100644 --- a/jdg/16/28.md +++ b/jdg/16/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## call me to mind ## +# called to Yahweh -"remember me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"prayed to Yahweh" -## only this once ## +# call me to mind + +This means to remember him and his situation. AT: "remember me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# only this once "one more time" -## in one blow ## +# in one blow on the Philistines -"in one effort" +This idiom means that he wants to have one more powerful act against the Philistines to get full revenge for what they did to him. AT: "with one strike against the Philistine" or "in one powerful act against the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## on which the building rested ## +# on which the building rested -AT: "which held up the building" - -## and he leaned against them ## - -AT: "and he pushed against them" \ No newline at end of file +"which held up the building" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/30.md b/jdg/16/30.md index a83cd842ac..fd08240259 100644 --- a/jdg/16/30.md +++ b/jdg/16/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## He stretched out with his strength ## +# He stretched out with his strength -AT: "He used his strength to push against the pillars" +When Samson stretched out his arms he pushed down the pillars of the building. AT: "He used his strength to push down the pillars" or "He used his strength to push over the pillars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Zorah and Eshtaol ## +# the dead -See how you translated these place names in [Judges 13:24](../13/24.md). +This refers to people who are dead. AT: "the dead people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## Manoah ## +# were more -See how you translated this name in [Judges 13:1](../13/01.md). +"were a greater amount" -## judged ## +# all the house of his father -Here this means that he "led" or "ruled over" the people of Israel. +Here the word "house" refers to his family. AT: "all of his father's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## twenty years ## +# came down -"20 years" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "came down" is used here because the place that Samson's family traveled form was higher in elevation than Gaza. + +# Zorah ... Eshtaol + +See how you translated the names of these places in [Judges 13:2](../13/01.md) and [Judges 13:25](../13/24.md). + +# in the burial place of Manoah, his father + +"where his father, Manoah, is buried" + +# Manoah + +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 13:2](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Samson had judged Israel for twenty years + +This same sentence is also in [Judges 15:20](../15/19.md). It is repeated here to remind readers of how long he judged Israel. AT: "Samson had judged Israel for twenty years before he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# twenty years + +"20 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/16/intro.md b/jdg/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0b751a7811 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Judges 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The account of Samson concludes in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Samson's mistake ##### + +Samson mistakenly thought that he was the source of his strength. He did not realize that Yahweh had left him and without Yahweh, he had no strength. This was not Samson's only mistake. His foreign wife created most of his problems. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/17/01.md b/jdg/17/01.md index 2edfd92622..d89f9cfdbb 100644 --- a/jdg/17/01.md +++ b/jdg/17/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Micah ## +# There was a man + +This is a way to introduce a new person to the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# Micah This is the name of a man. It is not the same man who wrote the book of Micah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## 1,100 pieces of silver ## +# 1,100 pieces -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"one thousand one hundred pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## I stole it. ## +# that were taken from you -"I was the one who took it." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which someone stole from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I stole it + +"I was the one who took it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/17/03.md b/jdg/17/03.md index 45cbfa0815..9239faa6b9 100644 --- a/jdg/17/03.md +++ b/jdg/17/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## cast metal ## +# 1,100 pieces -to melt the metal and put it in a special container to form a figure. +"one thousand one hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## I restore it to you ## +# set apart -The mother was restoring it to her son. \ No newline at end of file +This means to dedicate something to a specific purpose. AT: "dedicate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# cast metal + +metal that has been melted and poured into a mold to form a special shape + +# I restore it to you + +"I give it back to you" + +# two hundred pieces of silver + +"200 pieces of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# they were placed in the house of Micah + +The word "they" refers to the metal figures. This may be stated in active form. AT: "Micah placed them in his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/17/05.md b/jdg/17/05.md index 0d7548e425..cfe421a26f 100644 --- a/jdg/17/05.md +++ b/jdg/17/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## had a house of idols ## +# a house of idols -"had many idols in his house" +This refers to a house used specifically for worshiping idols. This can be stated clearly. AT: "a house for worshiping idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## what was right in his own eyes ## +# everyone did what was right in his own eyes -"what he believed was correct" \ No newline at end of file +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "each person did what he decided was right" or "each person did what he judged to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/17/07.md b/jdg/17/07.md index a45e2d3fde..9d8fd7c52a 100644 --- a/jdg/17/07.md +++ b/jdg/17/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## find a place to live ## +# of Bethlehem + +"from Bethlehem" + +# of the family of Judah + +This means that he was living among the family of Judah, that is, the tribe of Judah. AT: "who was living among the tribe of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He stayed there to fulfill his duties + +"He lived and worked there" + +# find a place to live "find a different place to live" -## where I might live ## +# where I might live -"where I might live and serve" \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that he is looking for a place to live and work. AT: "where I might live and have a job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/17/10.md b/jdg/17/10.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2f734fb964 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/17/10.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# a father and a priest + +The word "father" is here used in the sense of an advisor, and not to a literal father. AT: "an advisor and a priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a suit of clothes + +"a set of clothes." This he would receive every year. The missing words may be added. AT: "a suit of clothes each year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# So the Levite went into his house + +It is implied that the Levite accepted Micah's offer, and therefore, entered his house. AT: "So the Levite accepted his offer and went into his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the young man became to Micah like one of his sons + +The relationship between the Levite and Micah became like the close relationship between a father and son. AT: "the young man became close to Micah and was like one of his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/17/12.md b/jdg/17/12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9a6aeeccb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/17/12.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Micah set apart the Levite + +Here "set apart" means that Micah "dedicated" or "ordained" him. AT: "Micah dedicated the Levite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# was in Micah's house + +Here living in Micah's house is spoken of as "being" in his house. AT: "lived in Micah's house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/17/intro.md b/jdg/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..60258b06e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Judges 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a section explaining how Israel came to have a king. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Idols and figures ##### + +According to the law of Moses, the Israelites were prohibited from making wooden figures or cast metal idols. This was a form of idolatry. This practice was common in Canaan and it shows the influence the Israelites allowed these people to have on them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/01.md b/jdg/18/01.md index 9445ec98a4..9948c66fc7 100644 --- a/jdg/18/01.md +++ b/jdg/18/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## not received any inheritance ## +# In those days -"not received their inheritance" +This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## five men ## +# In those days ... from among the tribes of Israel -"5 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This is background information about Israel and the people of the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## experienced warriors ## +# not received any inheritance from + +This refers specifically to land inherited where they would live. AT: "not received a land inheritance from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the whole number of their tribe + +The phrase "the whole number" refers to all of the men in the tribe. AT: "from among all of the men in their tribe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# experienced warriors "experienced fighters" -## Zorah ## +# Zorah -See how you translated this in [Judges 13:1](../13/01.md). +See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:2](../13/01.md). -## Eshtaol ## +# Eshtaol -See how you translated this in [Judges 13:24](../13/24.md). +See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:25](../13/24.md). -## Micah ## +# to scout the land on foot -See how you translated this name in [Judges 17:1](../17/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "on foot" means to walk. AT: "to scout the land by walking through it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Micah + +See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 17:1](../17/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/03.md b/jdg/18/03.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..43d6d58cee --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/18/03.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# they recognized the speech of the young Levite + +They recognized the man by the sound of his voice. Here "speech" refers to his "voice." AT: "they heard the young Levite talking, and they recognized his voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/07.md b/jdg/18/07.md index bfd7660230..2063482832 100644 --- a/jdg/18/07.md +++ b/jdg/18/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## five men ## +# Laish -"5 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## came to Laish ## +# There was no one who conquered -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"There were no enemies living in their land who had conquered them" -## Sidonians ## +# had no dealings with anyone -Use the same name as in [Judges 3:1](../03/01.md). +"had no contact with any outsiders." This means they lived far enough away from any other city that they lived secluded from other people. -## Zorah ## +# Zorah -Use the same name as in [Judges 13:1](../13/01.md). +Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:2](../13/01.md). -## Eshtaol ## +# Eshtaol -Use the same name as in [Judges 13:24](../13/24.md). \ No newline at end of file +Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/24.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/09.md b/jdg/18/09.md index fdd260812b..212854a27e 100644 --- a/jdg/18/09.md +++ b/jdg/18/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Are you doing nothing? ## +# Are you doing nothing? -AT: " You should be acting now!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question is asked sarcastically and means that they should be doing the opposite. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You should be acting now!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## not lack anything on earth ## +# Do not be slow to attack -"has everything we need" \ No newline at end of file +These two negative words "not" and "slow" together emphasize the positive idea to attack quickly. AT: "Hurry! Attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# the land is wide + +"the land is large." This is a description of the size of the land. + +# that does not lack anything in the land + +The men use a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that it is a very desirable place to live. AT: "where we will have everything there that we need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# that does not lack anything + +The two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. AT: "has everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/11.md b/jdg/18/11.md index 66a5562200..ba512e0b1c 100644 --- a/jdg/18/11.md +++ b/jdg/18/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Six hundred men ## +# Six hundred men -"600 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"600 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Zorah ## +# Kiriath Jearim -Use the same word as in [Judges 13:1](../13/01.md). +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Eshtaol ## +# Mahaneh Dan -Use the same word as in [Judges 13:24](../13/24.md). +Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/24.md). -## Kiriath Jearim ## +# to this day -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Mahaneh Dan ## - -Use the same name as in [Judges 13:24](../13/24.md). \ No newline at end of file +This means that something remains the same. It refers to the "present" time. AT: "and that is still its name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/13.md b/jdg/18/13.md index ddedfb8d22..4f61e21594 100644 --- a/jdg/18/13.md +++ b/jdg/18/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## five men ## +# Laish -"5 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Translate the name of this town the same as you did in [Judges 18:7](./07.md). -## Laish ## +# in these houses there are an ephod, ... metal figure? Decide ... will do -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The five men asked this question to suggest and encourage the men that they should steal the idols. This can be written as a statement, and the implied information may be given in a parenthetical phrase. AT: "these houses contain an ephod, ... metal figure. (They were suggesting that the men steal these things.) Decide ... will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Do you know that in these houses there are an ephod, household gods, a carved figure, and a cast metal figure? Decide now what you will do.” ## +# in these houses there are -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) AT: "These houses contain an ephod, household gods, a carved figure, and a cast figure. You know what you should do!" \ No newline at end of file +"in one of these house there is" or "among these houses is" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/15.md b/jdg/18/15.md index f6e09b9591..13c3225a34 100644 --- a/jdg/18/15.md +++ b/jdg/18/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## six hundred Danites ## +# they turned in there -"600 men of the tribe of Dan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"they turned" + +# they greeted him + +The word "him" refers to the Levite. + +# six hundred Danites + +"600 Danites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/17.md b/jdg/18/17.md index 99394df7fe..74993fa16e 100644 --- a/jdg/18/17.md +++ b/jdg/18/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## five men ## - -"5 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## six hundred men ## +# six hundred men "600 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/19.md b/jdg/18/19.md index 1ed61676fd..c5c5832255 100644 --- a/jdg/18/19.md +++ b/jdg/18/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Is it better for you to be priest for the house of one man, or to be priest for a tribe and a clan in Israel? ## +# Is it better for you to be priest for the house of one man ... a clan in Israel? -The Danites were showing the choose the priest had but it was obvious what choice they favored. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +They ask this as a rhetorical question to imply that it is true. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "It is better for you to be priest for a tribe and a clan in Israel than for just the house of one man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The priest's heart was glad + +Here the priest is referred to by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions. AT: "The priest was glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/21.md b/jdg/18/21.md index dcfbfb7f43..f94385b54e 100644 --- a/jdg/18/21.md +++ b/jdg/18/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## Why have you been called here? ## +# They put the small children in front of themselves -This question was asked by the Danites to taunt Micah and his group of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +They traveled this way to protect the children. If Micah and his people attacked them the would reach the warriors first and not the children. AT: "They put the small children in front of themselves to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a good distance + +"some distance." This refers a short distance but one that is long enough to be considered as measurable progress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the men who were in the houses near Micah's house were called together + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he called together the men who were in the houses near his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they caught up with the Danites + +This implies that they ran after them. This can be stated clearly. AT: "running after the Danites, they caught up with them" + +# they turned + +"the Danites turned around" + +# Why have you been called together? + +This question is a rebuke. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not have called your men together to chase us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# been called together + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "called these men together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/24.md b/jdg/18/24.md index 95656f4b97..7dd0d1e19e 100644 --- a/jdg/18/24.md +++ b/jdg/18/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## What else do I have left? ## +# the gods that I made -This question is being used in this passage because it shows how the Danites did not really care about Micah and his complaints. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them. AT: "the gods which I had made for me" or "the gods which a craftsman made for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What else do I have left? + +Micah asks this question to emphasize that he no longer has the things that are important to him. AT: "I have nothing left." or "You have taken everything that is important to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How can you ask me, 'What is bothering you?' + +Micah asks this question to emphasize that the Danites definitely know what is bothering him. AT: "You know that I am greatly distressed!'" or "You know how much I am bothered by what you have done to me!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# let us hear you say anything + +The phrase "us hear you say" refers to the Danites hearing Micah speaking about what had happened, but it also includes if they are told by others that Micah had spoken about what had happened. AT: "let us find out that you have said anything" or "say anything about this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# hear you say anything + +The word "anything" refers to any information about the Danites coming to Micah's house and stealing his idols. This can be stated clearly. AT: "hear you say anything about this matter" or "hear you say anything about what has happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you and your family will be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "kill you and your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# went their way + +This means that they continued on their journey. AT: "continued on their journey" or "continued travelling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they were too strong for him + +This refers to the Danites being too strong for Micah and his men to fight against. AT: "they were too strong for him and his men to fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/27.md b/jdg/18/27.md index d3ebb0eb03..a0c6c17200 100644 --- a/jdg/18/27.md +++ b/jdg/18/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Laish ## +# what Micah had made -Use the same word as in [Judges 18:7](./07.md). +Micah did not make his gods, rather a craftsman made them for him. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "the things that had been made for Micah" or "Micah's things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Beth Rehob ## +# Laish -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Judges 18:7](./07.md). + +# with the sword + +"with their swords." Here "the sword" represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they had no dealings with anyone + +this means they lived far enough away from any other city, that they lived secluded from other people. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 18:7](./07.md). + +# Beth Rehob + +This is a name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/30.md b/jdg/18/30.md index 72981c2006..fb63a93941 100644 --- a/jdg/18/30.md +++ b/jdg/18/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Gershom ## +# Jonathan son of Gershom, son of Moses -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of the young Levite who used to serve as priest for Micah. This can be made explicit. AT: "The young Levite's name was Jonathan the son of Gershom, son of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the son of Moses ## +# until the day of the land's captivity -This use of "son" can mean grandson or even descendant. (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to a time later on when the people of Dan would be captured by their enemies. Here the land being conquered is spoken of as if it were a prisoner taken captive by an enemy. AT: "until the day that their enemies conquered their land" or "until the day that their enemies took them captive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that he made + +Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them for him. AT: "that had been made for him" or "that his craftsman made for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/18/intro.md b/jdg/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f25e8089f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Judges 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The tribe of Dan ##### + +The tribe of Dan lacked faith in Yahweh and had yet to conquer its inheritance. In this chapter, they begin to conquer their land, but they also started to worship an idol. Their conquering of the land is much different than the other tribes' victories. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/01.md b/jdg/19/01.md index 94aef0a4d3..0f96dea53f 100644 --- a/jdg/19/01.md +++ b/jdg/19/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## remote ## +# In those days -far from where most people live \ No newline at end of file +This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# remote + +far from where most people live + +# was unfaithful to him + +This means that she was unfaithful in their relationship and that she began to sleep with other men. This can be stated explicitly if necessary. AT: "began to sleep with other men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/03.md b/jdg/19/03.md index 960a8a8b35..dd8bbe8d39 100644 --- a/jdg/19/03.md +++ b/jdg/19/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## persuaded him to stay ## +# His servant was with him, and a pair of donkeys -"spoke to him and changed his mind so he decided to stay" \ No newline at end of file +"He took with him his servant and two donkeys" + +# His father-in-law, the girl's father, persuaded + +"His father-in-law, that is, the girl's father, persuaded" or "The girl's father persuaded" + +# persuaded him to stay + +"spoke to him so he decided to stay" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/05.md b/jdg/19/05.md index 061f3a84b0..452e50fd42 100644 --- a/jdg/19/05.md +++ b/jdg/19/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## he prepared ## +# he prepared the Levite prepared -## Strengthen yourself with a bit of bread ## +# Strengthen yourself with a bit of bread -"Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel" \ No newline at end of file +Here "bread" refers to "food." AT: "Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Please be willing to spend the night + +"Please stay another night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/07.md b/jdg/19/07.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..25cc4b2e24 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/19/07.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Strengthen yourself, and wait until the afternoon + +The father-in-law is suggesting that he strengthen himself by eating. He is also asking him to wait until the afternoon to leave. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel, and wait until afternoon to leave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/09.md b/jdg/19/09.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c2a0cc354c --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/19/09.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# now the day is advancing toward evening + +"the day is almost over" or "it is almost evening" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/10.md b/jdg/19/10.md index b6fabab8ad..9fb2ede5eb 100644 --- a/jdg/19/10.md +++ b/jdg/19/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Come, let us turn aside ## +# that is Jerusalem -The servant was making a polite request. AT: "Please listen: it would be a good idea to turn aside." +"which was later called Jerusalem" -## turn aside to ## +# He had a pair of saddled donkeys -"stop for a while in" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He put saddles on his two donkeys" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Come, let us + +This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. AT: "I suggest that we" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# turn aside to + +This means to take a break from their journey and stop somewhere along the route. AT: "stop at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/12.md b/jdg/19/12.md index 95bbadf7db..4dd3a046bd 100644 --- a/jdg/19/12.md +++ b/jdg/19/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## turn aside into ## +# turn aside into -See how you translated "turn aside to" in [Judges 19:10](./10.md). +This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](./10.md). AT: "stop at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Gibeah ## +# Come, let us -place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Come ## - -Unlike the servant's polite request, "Come," in [Judges 19:10](./10.md), this is a command to the servant to keep going (see UDB). \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. AT: "I suggest that we" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/14.md b/jdg/19/14.md index e3804c5e02..2bd784ab20 100644 --- a/jdg/19/14.md +++ b/jdg/19/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## turned aside ## +# turned aside -See how you translated "turn aside to" in [Judges 19:10](./10.md). +This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](./10.md). AT: "stopped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Gibeah ## +# the city square -Translate this as you did in [Judges 19:12](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file +the marketplace where people gathered during the day + +# took them into his house + +This phrase means for someone to invite them to spend the night in their home. AT: "invited them to stay in their house for that night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/16.md b/jdg/19/16.md index b070915a2c..c8edda703d 100644 --- a/jdg/19/16.md +++ b/jdg/19/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Gibeah ## +# Benjamites -See how you translated this in [Judges 19:12](./12.md). +A Benjamite was a descendant of Benjamin. See how you translated the name of this people group in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md). -## Benjamite ## +# He raised his eyes -See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md). +Here the man looked up and paid attention to what was around him. AT: "He looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## square ## +# the city square -the market place where people gathered by day \ No newline at end of file +the marketplace where people gathered during the day. See how you translated this in [Judges 19:14](./14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/18.md b/jdg/19/18.md index 9628010a6d..b1a116c26c 100644 --- a/jdg/19/18.md +++ b/jdg/19/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## and there is bread and wine for me and your female servant here, and for this young man, with your servants. ## +# who will take me into his house -"and we have plenty of bread and wine for ourselves" +This phrase refers to someone inviting other people into his house to spend the night there. AT: "who has invited me to stay in his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## your female servant ... your servants ## +# will take me -AT: "my female servant, who is your servant, ... all of us, who are your servants" or "this woman ... us." The Levite speaks of himself and the others in the third person to show respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the Levite says "me," but he is actually referring to himself along with his servant and his concubine. AT: "will take us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# there is bread and wine + +Change to active voice. AT: "we have plenty of bread and wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# me and your female servant here, and for this young man with your servants + +The Levite speaks of himself and the others as servants and in the third person to show respect. AT: "me, my concubine, and my servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# We lack nothing + +This can be written as a positive statement. AT: "We have everything we need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/20.md b/jdg/19/20.md index 9531beec3b..5c12d4caab 100644 --- a/jdg/19/20.md +++ b/jdg/19/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## square ## +# Only do not -See how you translated this in [Judges 19:16](./16.md). \ No newline at end of file +"Do not." The word "only" is used here to emphasize what he did not want the Levite to do. + +# square + +This refers to the city square. See how you translated this [Judges 19:17](./16.md). + +# brought the Levite into his house + +This means that he invited the Levite to spend the night in his house. Also, by inviting the Levite he was inviting the man's concubine and servant as well. AT: "invited the Levite and his servants to stay in his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/22.md b/jdg/19/22.md index 39a4208559..fd163f994b 100644 --- a/jdg/19/22.md +++ b/jdg/19/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## men ... surrounded the house ## +# they were making their hearts glad -Many men stood on all sides of the house. \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "making their hearts glad" is an idiom that means to have a good time with someone else. AT: "they were have a good time together" or "they were enjoying themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# some men of ... surrounded the house + +Some men stood on all sides of the house. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/24.md b/jdg/19/24.md index 07253d0944..8ace4d1cd1 100644 --- a/jdg/19/24.md +++ b/jdg/19/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## the man seized his concubine ## +# See -The Levite seized his concubine. +This word is used to get the peoples' attention. AT: "Listen" -## at dawn ## +# the men would not listen to him -"when the sun was coming up" \ No newline at end of file +Here the author speaks of "agreeing" as if it were "listening." AT: "the men would not accept his offer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the man seized his concubine + +there could be confusion as to the identity of the man. AT: "the Levite seized his concubine" + +# at dawn + +"when the sun was coming up" or "at first light" This refers to when the sun begins to rise. + +# it was light + +This refers to morning when it is bright outside. AT: "the sun was fully risen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/27.md b/jdg/19/27.md index db2977d377..2de493c1ee 100644 --- a/jdg/19/27.md +++ b/jdg/19/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## But there was no answer ## +# But there was no answer -"But she did not answer because she was dead" \ No newline at end of file +The woman did not answer because she was dead. This can be stated clearly. AT: "But she did not answer because she was dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/29.md b/jdg/19/29.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b88d1aa134 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/19/29.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# limb by limb + +"section by section." The author uses this graphic description of how the Levite cut up her body into specific pieces to emphasize what he did. "Limbs" refers to a person's arms and legs. If there is not a similar phrase in your language, this description may be left out of the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# twelve pieces + +"12 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# sent the pieces everywhere throughout Israel + +This means that he sent sent the different pieces to twelve different areas of Israel. AT: "sent each piece to a different place throughout Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/19/intro.md b/jdg/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0b34fd411e --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Judges 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The sin of Benjamin ##### +People from a village of the tribe of Benjamin raped a visitor's wife to death. This was very evil, especially in the ancient Near East. The people of Israel considered mistreatment of a guest one of the worst crimes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/01.md b/jdg/20/01.md index 884957ffab..caef672708 100644 --- a/jdg/20/01.md +++ b/jdg/20/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## as one man ## +# as one man -AT: "unified" +This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. It refers to a group of who people do everything together in the same way. AT: "as if they were a single man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## from Dan to Beersheba ## +# from Dan to Beersheba -This refers to the land as a whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This refers to the land as a whole. AT: "from all the eleven tribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## God—400,000 men on foot ## +# God—400,000 men on foot -AT: "God, including 400,000 men on foot" +"God and also 400,000 regular soldiers came" -## 400,000 ## +# ready to fight -"four hundred thousand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"capable of going to war." They were not going to fight each other. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/03.md b/jdg/20/03.md index 16089b82ca..c620cb82d4 100644 --- a/jdg/20/03.md +++ b/jdg/20/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Now ## +# Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author of the book tells background information about what the people of Benjamin knew. -## to spend the night ## +# had gone up to Mizpah + +Mizpah was located high in the mountains. + +# to spend the night "for the night" or "to stay for a night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/05.md b/jdg/20/05.md index 5b0b4db712..b8a9cf1a44 100644 --- a/jdg/20/05.md +++ b/jdg/20/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## wickedness and outrage ## +# wickedness and outrage -These two words basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad this action was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The word "outrage" describes the "wickedness." AT: "outrageous wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) -## Now ## +# Now This word is used to introduce the conclusion of the speech of the Levite. -## advice and attention ## +# give your advice and counsel here -"advice and counsel." These two words refer to the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that it will be the Israelites who will decide what to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "advice" and "counsel" refer to the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined. AT: "decide what we need to do about this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/08.md b/jdg/20/08.md index 48c30f8195..a46b22e9f5 100644 --- a/jdg/20/08.md +++ b/jdg/20/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## None of us will to go to his tent and none of us will return to his house ## +# as one -AT: "We will all stay here." These two lines talk about the same thing and are used together to emphasize how committed they were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. They all acted together in exactly the same way. AT: "as if they were a single man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## But now ## +# None of us will go to his tent ... none of us will return to his house -These words introduce the main portion of what the people say after the initial exclamation. \ No newline at end of file +These two clauses say basically the same thing twice for emphasis. They can be combined. The words "none ... go" and "none ... return" emphasizes how the people will continue to stay there. They can be stated in positive form. AT: "We will all stay here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# But now + +These words introduce the main portion of what the people say after the initial exclamation. + +# as the lot directs + +This involved tossing or rolling small marked stones to determine what God wants. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/10.md b/jdg/20/10.md index 64ed0a1cb8..9c6b56bdc1 100644 --- a/jdg/20/10.md +++ b/jdg/20/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## ten men of a hundred ... one hundred of a thousand ... one thousand of ten thousand ## +# ten men of a hundred ... one hundred of a thousand ... one thousand of ten thousand -"10 men of 100 ... 100 of 1,000 ... 1,000 of 10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"10 men out of 100 ... 100 out of 1,000 ... 1,000 out of 10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## provisions ## +# provisions "food" or "supplies" -## assembled against the city ## +# assembled against the city -AT: "come together to attack the city" - -## united with one purpose ## - -"united as one man" AT: "united as if they were one man" \ No newline at end of file +"came together to attack the city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/12.md b/jdg/20/12.md index 4618e06693..a6bc9eff61 100644 --- a/jdg/20/12.md +++ b/jdg/20/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## put them to death ## +# put them to death -"kill them" AT: "execute them" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "kill them" or "execute them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the voice of their brothers ## +# the voice of their brothers -AT: "their brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "voice" refers to the message that they spoke. AT: "what their brother said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/15.md b/jdg/20/15.md index 743c96c574..f655b1b6fa 100644 --- a/jdg/20/15.md +++ b/jdg/20/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## 26,000 ## +# twenty-six thousand -"twenty six thousand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"26,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## seven hundred ## +# seven hundred "700" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## left-handed ## +# left-handed -handed** - A left-handed person is someone who uses their left hand for important things, like holding a weapon. +A left-handed person is someone who is more skilled with their left hand than with their right hand. -## could sling a stone at a hair and not miss ## +# could sling a stone at a hair and not miss -This expression is to show how well they could aim. AT: "could sling a stone with great precision" \ No newline at end of file +This show how amazingly well they could aim and hit their target. It can be stated in positive form. AT: "could throw a stone at even a hair and hit it" or "could throw a stone at something as small as a hair and hit it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/17.md b/jdg/20/17.md index 14dfaf3ff4..01c178daf3 100644 --- a/jdg/20/17.md +++ b/jdg/20/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## 400,000 ## +# not counting -"four hundred thousand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"not including" -## asked for advice from God ## +# 400,000 -AT: "asked God what to do" or "asked God how to continue" \ No newline at end of file +"four hundred thousand men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# asked for advice from God + +"asked God what to do" or "asked God how to continue" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/19.md b/jdg/20/19.md index d735e95bf5..ee20d0db49 100644 --- a/jdg/20/19.md +++ b/jdg/20/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## facing Gibeah ## +# moved their camp near Gibeah -AT: "looking toward Gibeah" +There is some question about the meaning of the Hebrew text. Instead of meaning that they set up their camp near Gibeah, it could mean that the army went out and stood across from Gibeah ready to fight. -## 22,000 ## +# twenty-two thousand -"twenty two thousand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"22,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/22.md b/jdg/20/22.md index 974fb4bb1c..fcf9ea3631 100644 --- a/jdg/20/22.md +++ b/jdg/20/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## draw near again ## +# strengthened themselves -AT: "prepare again" or "march to battle again" +Here "strengthened" is an idiom that means they encouraged each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## they sought direction from Yahweh ## +# they formed the battle line -The priest cast lots according to the Law to determine God's will. \ No newline at end of file +This probably means that the Israelites prepared their battle lines for the next day's fighting. AT: "they got ready to fight the next day" + +# they sought direction from Yahweh + +The method they used is not stated. The priest may have cast lots to determine God's will. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/24.md b/jdg/20/24.md index 46704b55bb..76117be1b0 100644 --- a/jdg/20/24.md +++ b/jdg/20/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## 18,000 ## +# eighteen thousand -"eighteen thousand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"18,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/26.md b/jdg/20/26.md index f63fc53b47..b06d53a56b 100644 --- a/jdg/20/26.md +++ b/jdg/20/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## before Yahweh ## +# before Yahweh -"in the presence of Yahweh" AT: "to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +"in Yahweh's presence" or "to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/27.md b/jdg/20/27.md index 2ed7f35fdd..19796a0045 100644 --- a/jdg/20/27.md +++ b/jdg/20/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## was there in those days ## +# for the ark of the covenant of God ... was serving before the ark in those days -AT: "was at Bethel in those days" +This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## was serving before the ark ## +# was there in those days -AT: "was serving as priest before the ark" +"was at Bethel in those days" -## Attack, for tomorrow I will help you defeat them ## +# was serving before the ark -This battle was to be Yahweh's but Israel had to first be humble before God. \ No newline at end of file +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "was serving as priest before the ark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Attack + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Attack the army of Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/29.md b/jdg/20/29.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7002c51c4a --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/20/29.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Israel set men + +Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# secret places + +"in ambush" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/31.md b/jdg/20/31.md index e3bab786b2..3e87f552b6 100644 --- a/jdg/20/31.md +++ b/jdg/20/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## fought against the people ## +# fought against the people -AT: "fought against the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "fought against the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they were drawn away from the city ## +# they were drawn away from the city -AT: "the people of Israel drew them away from the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people of Israel drew them away from the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They began to kill some of the people ## +# They began to kill some of the people -AT: "The people of Benjamin began to kill some of the men of Israel" \ No newline at end of file +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "The people of Benjamin began to kill some of the men of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/32.md b/jdg/20/32.md index b27a2ea23d..05fc42289c 100644 --- a/jdg/20/32.md +++ b/jdg/20/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## just as at first ## +# just as at first -AT: "just as before" or "just like the first two times" +"just as before" or "just like the first two times" -## Baal Tamar ## +# Baal Tamar This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Maareh Gibeah ## +# Maareh Gibeah -This is the name of a place. Other translations may read "fields of Gibeah" or "west of Gibeah" or "Maareh geba." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place. Other translations may read "fields of Gibeah" or "west of Gibeah" or "Maareh Geba." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/34.md b/jdg/20/34.md index e08dd155b9..8aad85891f 100644 --- a/jdg/20/34.md +++ b/jdg/20/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## 10,000 ... 25,100 ## +# ten thousand -"ten thousand ... twenty five thousand one hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## chosen men ## +# chosen men -AT: "well-trained soldier" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that means these were particularly good soldiers. AT: "well-trained soldier" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# disaster was close to them + +Here immanent disaster is spoken of as if it was standing very close by them. AT: "they would soon be completely defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# 25,100 men + +"twenty-five thousand one hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/36.md b/jdg/20/36.md index e21bfa537e..f535ec14c1 100644 --- a/jdg/20/36.md +++ b/jdg/20/36.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## had given ground to Benjamin ## +# The men of Israel had given ground to Benjamin, because they were counting on the men ... outside Gibeah -AT: "had allowed Benjamin to move forward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +From this sentence until the end of verse 41 is background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## they were counting on the men ## +# had given ground to Benjamin -AT: "they had plans for the men" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that means they intentionally retreated. AT: "had allowed Benjamin to move forward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they were counting on the men + +This is an idiom that means they trusted their men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/39.md b/jdg/20/39.md index 08dcd4f8e2..128ce3120c 100644 --- a/jdg/20/39.md +++ b/jdg/20/39.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -This verse briefly retells what happened before. +# General Information: -## would turn in the battle away from the fight ## +This verse continues to give background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -AT: "would retreat from the fight" +# would turn from the battle -## defeated before us ## +"would retreat from the fight" -AT: "defeated by us" \ No newline at end of file +# they are defeated before us + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we have defeated them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/40.md b/jdg/20/40.md index 14e016f84d..972ba6ce7b 100644 --- a/jdg/20/40.md +++ b/jdg/20/40.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## disaster ## +# General Information: -"harm" or "trouble" or "misery" \ No newline at end of file +This verse continues to give background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# disaster + +"great harm" or "trouble" or "misery" + +# come on them + +This idiom means it happened to them. AT: "happened to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/42.md b/jdg/20/42.md index 9da268af5e..3fc0c61d7d 100644 --- a/jdg/20/42.md +++ b/jdg/20/42.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## But the fighting overtook them ## +# But the fighting overtook them -AT: "But the soldiers of Israel overtook them" or "But they were not able to escape the fighting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks about fighting as if it were a person who could overtake someone. AT: "But the soldiers of Israel caught up to them" or "But they were not able to escape the fighting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/43.md b/jdg/20/43.md index d7c2bdacb9..6d81c59608 100644 --- a/jdg/20/43.md +++ b/jdg/20/43.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Nohah ## +# Nohah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and killed them ## +# trampled them down -AT: "and were killing them while they were running" +The completed destruction of the Benjamites is spoken of as if the Israelites stomped on their bodies. AT: "they completely destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## 18,000 ## +# eighteen thousand -"eighteen thousand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"18,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## were distinguished in battle ## +# were distinguished in battle -AT: "had fought bravely in the battle" \ No newline at end of file +"had fought bravely in the battle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/45.md b/jdg/20/45.md index 44029f52e4..406aba89ad 100644 --- a/jdg/20/45.md +++ b/jdg/20/45.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## the rock of Rimmon ## +# They turned and fled -AT: "the cave of Rimmon" +"The remaining Benjamites turned and fled" -## They turned and fled ## +# five thousand ... two thousand -AT: "The Benjamites turned and fled" +"5,000 ... 2,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## five thousand ... two thousand ## - -"5,000 ... 2,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## Gidom ## +# Gidom This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## 25,000 ## +# twenty-five thousand -"twenty five thousand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"25,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/47.md b/jdg/20/47.md index bcdd2e480f..13d8a5e853 100644 --- a/jdg/20/47.md +++ b/jdg/20/47.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## six hundred ## +# six hundred "600" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## turned and fled ## - -These two words together describe a single action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) - -## turned back against the people of Benjamin ## +# turned back against the people of Benjamin These people of Benjamin are not the soldiers who fled to the rock of Rimmon, but the ones who were still in the city. -## attacked and killed ## +# the entire city -These two words basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize how brutal the attack was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here "the ... city" refers to the people in that city. AT: "everyone who was in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the entire city ## +# in their path -AT: "everyone who was in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## every town in their path ## - -AT: "every town they found" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This idiom refers to everything that they found as they went toward the city. AT: "they came to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/20/intro.md b/jdg/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9982624180 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Judges 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Benjamin destroyed ##### + +The army of Israel destroys all the tribe of Benjamin except 600 men. After this point in time, the tribe of Benjamin becomes mostly insignificant. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/01.md b/jdg/21/01.md index fc10bd3a89..15ef53797f 100644 --- a/jdg/21/01.md +++ b/jdg/21/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Benjamite ## +# Now the men of Israel had made a promise ... marry a Benjamite." -See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md). +This background information tells the reader about the promise that the Israelites made before the battle with the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Why, Yahweh, God of Israel, has this happened to Israel, that one of our tribes should be missing today? ## +# Benjamite -They are using a question while crying out to God to express their sadness for the great sin of the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) AT: "Oh, God, how sad we are for what the Benjamites have done." \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md). + +# Why, Yahweh, God of Israel, has this happened to Israel, that one of our tribes should be missing today? + +The people of Israel used this rhetorical question to express their deep sadness. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Oh Yahweh, we are so sad that one of the tribes of Israel has been completely destroyed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/04.md b/jdg/21/04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f959a90859 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/21/04.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# The people of Israel said, "Which of all the tribes of Israel did not come up in the assembly to Yahweh?" + +The people are referring back to the assembly of the Israelites at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites. + +# For they had made an important promise concerning anyone who did not come up to Yahweh at Mizpah. They said, "He would certainly be put to death." + +This is background information to explain to the reader the promise that the Israelites had made at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# He would certainly be put to death + +Here "He" refers to anyone who did not go to Mizpah. This can be stated in active form. AT: "We will certainly kill that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/06.md b/jdg/21/06.md index 326425b78d..610ccacdf7 100644 --- a/jdg/21/06.md +++ b/jdg/21/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## their brother Benjamin ## +# their brother Benjamin -brother in this case is referring to the tribe of Benjamin. AT: "the tribe of Benjamin" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the tribe of Benjamin as if it were Israel's brother to show their closeness to the tribe. AT: "the surviving Benjamites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# one tribe has been cut off from Israel + +The destruction of the tribe of Benjamin is spoken of as if it had been cut off from Israel by a knife. This was an exaggeration because 600 men were still left. However, the women of Benjamin had been killed, so the future of the tribe was in question. AT: "one tribe has been removed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Who will provide wives for those who are left, since we have made a promise to Yahweh that we will not let any of them marry our daughters? + +The Israelites wanted to provide wives for the few surviving Benjamites, but their promise at Mizpah prevented them from doing that. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/08.md b/jdg/21/08.md index 1d68e039d0..eb71395daf 100644 --- a/jdg/21/08.md +++ b/jdg/21/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Jabesh Gilead ## +# Jabesh Gilead -The name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## people were set out in an orderly manner ## +# people were set out in an orderly manner -AT: "people that were assembled at Mizpah were accounted for" +"people that were assembled at Mizpah were accounted for" -## 12,000 ## +# none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead were there -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers back to the earlier assembly at Mizpah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead had been present at Mizpah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# twelve thousand + +"12,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# kill them, even the women and children + +The next verse will add an exception to this general instruction. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/11.md b/jdg/21/11.md index 86ded93ec8..88f00551fc 100644 --- a/jdg/21/11.md +++ b/jdg/21/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Jabesh Gilead ## +# Jabesh Gilead -See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](./08.md). +This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](./08.md). -## four hundred young women ## +# slept with a man -"400 young women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This is a euphemism for sexual relations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## never slept with a man ## +# four hundred young women -"never had sexual relations with a man" \ No newline at end of file +"400 young women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/13.md b/jdg/21/13.md index 022db4fa40..303b109806 100644 --- a/jdg/21/13.md +++ b/jdg/21/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Jabesh Gilead ## +# they were offering them peace -See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](./08.md). +The abstract noun "peace" can be translated with a verb phrase. AT: "they wanted to stop fighting with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## because Yahweh made a division between the tribes of Israel ## +# Jabesh Gilead -"because their sin caused Yahweh to punish them through the other tribes of Israel" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](./08.md). + +# there were not enough women for all of them + +There were six hundred Benjamite men, and only four hundred women from Jabesh Gilead. + +# made a division between the tribes of Israel + +"had caused the tribes of Israel not to be unified" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/16.md b/jdg/21/16.md index 735f663b81..1d17363d98 100644 --- a/jdg/21/16.md +++ b/jdg/21/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Benjamites ## +# Benjamites -See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md). + +# the women of Benjamin have been killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we killed all the Benjamite women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# There must be an inheritance ... is not destroyed from Israel + +The Israelites are exaggerating. They had already given wives to four hundred of the Benjamites, so the tribe would not be completely destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/18.md b/jdg/21/18.md index 65327f1786..0853a14199 100644 --- a/jdg/21/18.md +++ b/jdg/21/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Lebonah ## +# a wife to Benjamin -The name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Benjamin refers to the male descendants of Benjamin. AT: "a wife to the men of Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# which is north of Bethel, east of the road that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah + +This is background information to explain to the reader where the city of Shiloh is located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Lebonah + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/20.md b/jdg/21/20.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..74e847bd3c --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/21/20.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# each one of you should grab a wife ... go back to the land of Benjamin + +It it understood that the Benjamites would take these women back to their own land with them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "each one of you should seize one of the girls of Shiloh, and then take her back with you to the land of Benjamin to become your wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/22.md b/jdg/21/22.md index 2014e4cdde..26fc266cfb 100644 --- a/jdg/21/22.md +++ b/jdg/21/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## because we did not get wives during the war ## +# Show us favor -The leaders instruct the other how they should explain the kidnapping of the young women. AT: "because we did not get wives for them during the war with Jabesh Gilead." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "favor" can be stated as an action. AT: "Act kindly toward us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# because we did not get wives for each man during the war + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "because we did not get wives for each of them during the war with Jabesh Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You are innocent ... not give your daughters to them + +This refers to the men of Shiloh. They did not voluntarily give their daughters to the Benjamites, and therefore did not break their promise not to do that. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/23.md b/jdg/21/23.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6817d4244d --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/21/23.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# the number of wives that they needed + +This refers to one wife for each of the two hundred Benjamite men who did not receive wives from Jabesh Gilead (See: [Judges 21:14](./13.md)). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/25.md b/jdg/21/25.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bdaf4c40e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/21/25.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# there was no king in Israel + +"Israel did not yet have a king" + +# what was right in his own eyes + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what he judged to be right" or "what he considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/21/intro.md b/jdg/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a1d9d2a608 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Judges 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter concludes the account of the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sin and immorality ##### + +At the end of Judges, there is much sin and immorality. The people are doing wrong and fixing their wrongs by doing more evil things. This period of Judges is typified by this final account and summarized by the statement, "everyone did what was right in his own eyes." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Judges 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/front/intro.md b/jdg/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..25714e5293 --- /dev/null +++ b/jdg/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +# Introduction to Judges # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Judges #### + + - The time from Joshua, and conquests of Canaan (1:1–2:5) +1. History of the Judges of Israel (2:6–16:31) + - Cushan Rishathaim in conflict with Othniel (3:7–11) + - Eglon in conflict with Ehud; Philistines against Shamgar (3:12–31) + - Sisera and Jabin in conflict with Deborah and Barak (4:1–5:31) + - Gideon's wars (6:1–8:32) + - Abimelech, Tola, and Jair (8:33–10:5) + - Ammonites and Philistines in conflict with Jepthah; Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (10:6–12:15) + - Samson (13:1–16:31) +1. The account of Micah and his idols (17:1–18:31) +1. The account of what happened in the city of Gibeah and how the other Israelites took revenge (19:1–21:25) + +#### What is the book of Judges about? #### + +The book of Judges tells of some events that occurred in Israel over a period of about 150 years. This was a period after the Israelites had settled in the Promised Land and leading up to the death of Samson. + +The theme of this book is how the Israelites repeatedly went against Yahweh by adopting the idolatry and immoral practices of the surrounding peoples. The Israelites then came under the oppression of enemy nations, in which they suffered until they called to Yahweh for help. Yahweh would then bring forward someone to lead the nation to victory and freedom. This person, called a "judge," would then lead Israel or part of Israel in time of peace until he or she died. + +After that judge's death, the same pattern of events would repeat itself. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +This book traditionally has the title "Judges" because it gives accounts of some of the main leaders or judges in Israel before there were any kings over the people. Unless there are good reasons for following the title in other Bible versions, the translator should probably use a title such as, "The Book about the Leaders in Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What kind of leaders were the judges? #### + +These were men and women whom God chose to lead the Israelites to victory over their enemies. After achieving victory, these leaders usually continued to serve the people by deciding disputes among them and by helping them to make important decisions. Many of these leaders served the entire people of Israel, but some of these leaders seem to have served only certain tribes. + +#### What kind of society was Israel during the time of the judges? #### + +Rather than being a unified nation during this time, Israel was a loose association of twelve tribes. These tribes were descended from the same ancestors: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. They shared in the same covenant with Yahweh and sometimes helped each other in time of military need. + +#### What spiritual struggles did Israel experience during the time of the judges? #### + +Israel struggled during this time to remain faithful to Yahweh. The best judges encouraged Israel to be faithful to him, but some of the judges failed to do so. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the meaning of the phrase "in those days there was no king in Israel, and everyone did what was right in his own eyes?" #### + +This phrase occurs twice in the book of Judges, and shorter versions occur two other times. These phrases imply that the writer or editor of this book was alive during the later time of kings of Israel. They also seem to imply that the writer was looking back at this earlier history of Israel in a negative way. + +The translation of these phrases should imply to the reader that the book's writer is looking back a long time into the past. + +#### What is the meaning of the phrase "to this day"? #### + +This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time which has already passed. He must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translation's readers is meant. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in Judges 1:26; 6:24; 10:4; 15:19; 18:12. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/01.md b/jer/01/01.md index 4467774deb..95a84187e7 100644 --- a/jer/01/01.md +++ b/jer/01/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,59 @@ -## Hilkiah ... Amon ## +# Jeremiah son of Hilkiah, one of the priests -men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Jeremiah son of Hilkiah. Jeremiah was one of the priests" -## Anathoth ## +# Hilkiah -name of a town (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the word of Yahweh came to ## +# Anathoth -AT: "Yahweh spoke his word to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## came to him ## +# the land of Benjamin -"came to Jeremiah" +"the land that belongs to the tribe of Benjamin" -## his reign ## +# The word of Yahweh came to him + +This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to him. AT: "Yahweh gave messages to him" or "Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# in the days of Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah + +Here "in the days of" is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. AT: "when Josiah son of Amon was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the thirteenth ... the eleventh + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Amon + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# his reign "Josiah's reign" -## It also came ## +# It also came "The word of Yahweh also came" -## of Zedekiah ## +# in the days of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah -"of the reign of Zedekiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "in the days of" is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. AT: "when Johoiakim son of Josiah was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the fifth month + +This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# of Zedekiah + +This refers to the rule of Zedekiah. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "of the reign of Zedekiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# when the people of Jerusalem were taken away as prisoners + +This can be stated in active form. It can be stated clearly that they were taken to Babylon. AT: "when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem away as prisoners" or "when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem as prisoners to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/04.md b/jer/01/04.md index 9dd133e4fb..eef570c736 100644 --- a/jer/01/04.md +++ b/jer/01/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## The word of Yahweh came to ## +# The word of Yahweh came to me, saying -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](./01.md). +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this message to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## came to me ## +# formed -"came to Jeremiah" +"developed" or "shaped" -## formed ## +# before you came out from the womb -"developed" or "shaped" \ No newline at end of file +This can also be expressed without referring to the womb. AT: "before you were born" + +# Ah, Lord Yahweh + +Here "Ah" shows Jeremiah's fear of doing what God has said. + +# I do not know how to speak + +Jeremiah may have been exaggerating to show his fear of speaking in public. AT: "I do not know how to speak in public" or "I do not know how to make announcements to people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/07.md b/jer/01/07.md index 053d3a6dc3..437368bdb3 100644 --- a/jer/01/07.md +++ b/jer/01/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# Do not be afraid of them -"what Yahweh has declared" or "what Yahweh has said" \ No newline at end of file +"Do not be afraid of the people I will send you to speak to" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +The word "this" refers to what Yahweh just said in verses 7 and 8. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/09.md b/jer/01/09.md index f709296ead..db387a8b25 100644 --- a/jer/01/09.md +++ b/jer/01/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## placed my word in your mouth ## +# Then Yahweh reached out with his hand, touched my mouth -AT: "given you my message for you to speak to the people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor representing Yahweh giving Jeremiah special authority to speak. AT: "Then it was as though Yahweh touched my mouth" or 2) Jeremiah was seeing a vision and Yahweh actually did this as a symbolic act of giving Jeremiah authority to speak. AT: "Then Yahweh touched my mouth with his hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## uproot ## +# I have placed my word in your mouth -pull a plant all the way out of the ground, the opposite of "plant." AT: "destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This phrase represents giving Jeremiah his message. AT: "I have given you my message for you to speak to the people" or "I have enabled you to tell the people my message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## break down ## +# I am appointing you ... to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant -the opposite of "build" +Jeremiah would do these things to various nations by saying that they would happen. -## destroy ... overthrow ## +# to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant -Jeremiah uses these words, which mean almost the same thing, to show that this will certainly happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +He would uproot, break down, destroy and overthrow some nations, and he would build and plant other nations. + +# to uproot + +God speaks of Jeremiah destroying the nations by what he says as if the nations were plants and he were to pull them up out of the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to destroy and overthrow + +Jeremiah uses these words, which mean almost the same thing, to show that this will certainly happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# to build and plant + +God speaks of Jeremiah causing nations to become strong as if they were a building and he would build them, and as if they were plants and he would plant them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/11.md b/jer/01/11.md index a680fc551d..7a7f4f6fe3 100644 --- a/jer/01/11.md +++ b/jer/01/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## The word of Yahweh came to ## +# The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](./01.md). +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:4](./04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I see an almond branch ## +# I see an almond branch Yahweh shows Jeremiah a spiritual vision. -## almond ## +# an almond branch -a nut tree (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +An almond tree is a kind of nut tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## for I am watching over my word ## +# I am watching over my word to carry it out -The Hebrew words for "almond" and "watch over" sound almost the same (see UDB). God wants Jeremiah to remember that God wants his word to succeed every time he sees an almond branch. \ No newline at end of file +This represents guaranteeing that he will do what he has said. AT: "I am remembering my word to carry it out" or "I guarantee that I will do what I have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for I am watching over my word + +The Hebrew words for "almond" and "watch over" sound almost the same. God wants Jeremiah to remember that God will make his word succeed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/13.md b/jer/01/13.md index 1902ebdffe..75189d1a72 100644 --- a/jer/01/13.md +++ b/jer/01/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## The word of Yahweh came to ## +# The word of Yahweh came to me a second time, saying -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +The idiom "The word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](./04.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this second message to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# whose surface is churning + +The surface refers to the surface of the water in the pot. Jeremiah could see the water boiling. AT: "whose water is boiling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tipping away from the north + +This means that it was tipping toward the south, where Jeremiah was in Judah. + +# Disaster will be opened up out of the north + +"Disaster will be let loose from the north." This represents God causing disaster to come from the north to the south. AT: "Disaster will come from the north" or "I will send disaster from the north" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/15.md b/jer/01/15.md index d9e070717c..1733fbb6f8 100644 --- a/jer/01/15.md +++ b/jer/01/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## declares Yahweh ## +# Connecting Statement: -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](./07.md). +Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about the disaster that would come from the north. -## everyone ## +# everyone -the leaders of all those northern kingdoms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This generalization refers to the kings of the northern kingdoms. AT: "every king" or "all of the northern kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## will set his throne at the entrance of the gates ## +# will set his throne at the entrance of the gates of Jerusalem -AT:"will sit in judgment at the entrance to the city" +Possible meanings are 1) this represents ruling over Jerusalem. AT: "will rule at the gates of Jerusalem" or 2) this represents judging Jerusalem. AT: "will judge Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## pronounce sentence against them ## +# against all the walls that surround it -"announce how I will punish them" \ No newline at end of file +Setting their thrones "against all the walls that surround it" represents commanding their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Jerusalem. AT: "and they will command their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# against all the cities of Judah + +Setting their thrones "against all the cities of Judah" represents commanding their armies to destroy all the cities of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will pronounce sentence against them + +"I will announce how I will punish them" + +# I will pronounce sentence against them + +"I will pronounce sentence against the people of Judah" + +# worshiping what they made with their own hands + +Since the people had made the idols with their own hands, they should have known that the idols are not worthy of worship. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/17.md b/jer/01/17.md index 062cd139e0..580c93f518 100644 --- a/jer/01/17.md +++ b/jer/01/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Do not be shattered ... I will shatter ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Do not be extremely frightened ... I will extremely frighten" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah. -## shatter ## +# Do not be shattered ... I will shatter you -break into small pieces +Here "be shattered" represents being extremely afraid, and "shatter" represents causing Jeremiah to be extremely afraid. AT: "Do not be terrified ... I will terrify you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## See! ## +# Behold! -AT: "Pay attention!" +"Pay attention!" -## iron ... bronze ## +# Today I have made you a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls against the whole land -the strongest materials known in those days (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Being strong like these things represents being confident and unchanging in saying what God had told him to say. AT: "I have made you strong against the whole land like a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# iron ... bronze -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](./07.md). \ No newline at end of file +These were the strongest materials known at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the whole land + +This represents all the people of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will fight against you + +This refers to the people of Judah. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](./07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/intro.md b/jer/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..87500b8c7a --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Jeremiah 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:4-10, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jeremiah appointed as prophet ##### + +God chose Jeremiah to be his prophet and although many powerful people would be against him, God promised to protect him. This chapter emphasizes that Jeremiah was chosen by God to be his prophet. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### Northern kingdom ##### +This was not a reference to the northern kingdom of Israel; it had already been conquered. It was a reference to a kingdom located north of Judah, that is, to Babylon. The Babylonian armies would attack Judah and conquer it. + +##### Opposition ##### +The people were supposed to listen to God's prophet. When he prophesied, they should have repented. Instead, they persecuted Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Jeremiah intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/01.md b/jer/02/01.md index 40d0780f15..e01c8c1aff 100644 --- a/jer/02/01.md +++ b/jer/02/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## The word of Yahweh came to ## +# The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## to me ## +# Go and proclaim in the hearing of Jerusalem -to Jeremiah +"Go and speak where the people in Jerusalem can hear you" -## Go and proclaim in the ears of Jerusalem ## +# I have called to mind on your behalf -AT: "Go and speak to the people in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"I remember about you" -## on your behalf ## +# the covenant faithfulness in your youthfulness, your love -"for your benefit" or "in your interest" +The abstract nouns "faithfulness," "youthfulness" and "love" can be expressed with the adjectives "faithful" and "young," and the verb "love." AT: "how, when you were young, you were faithful to our covenant, and how you loved me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## when we were engaged ## +# when we were engaged -"when we first agreed that we would marry each other," when the Israelites loved him and were loyal to him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God speaks of his relationship with the people of Israel as though they had been engaged to be married. AT: "when we first agreed that we would marry each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the land that was not sown ## +# the land that was not sown -AT: "the land where no one has sown seed" or "the land where no food was growing" +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "the land where no one had sown seed" or "the land where no food was growing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# the firstfruits of his harvest -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +God speaks of Israel as if they were an offering dedicated to God. AT: "like the firstfruits of his harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# All who ate from the firstfruits were held guilty + +God speaks of those who attacked Israel as if they were eating the offering that was set apart for God. AT: "All who attacked Israel were held guilty like people who ate from the first fruits of his harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# disaster came upon them + +The phrase "came upon them" is a metaphor for happened to them. AT: "Disasters happened to them" or "I made terrible things happen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/04.md b/jer/02/04.md index 41b16f3d9c..82338182d7 100644 --- a/jer/02/04.md +++ b/jer/02/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,43 @@ -## house of Jacob and every family in the house of Israel ## +# house of Jacob and every family in the house of Israel -These two phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "all you descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Jacob and Israel were two names for one man, and these two phrases refer to the same group of people. AT: "all you descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## What did your fathers find wrong with me, that they went far from following me? That they went after useless idols and became useless themselves? ## +# house of Jacob -AT: "I did nothing wrong to your forefathers, so they have offended me by no longer obeying me and by starting to worship useless idols and becoming useless themselves!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. AT: "descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## useless ## +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants, who had become the nation of Israel. AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What did your fathers find wrong with me, that they went far from following me? That they went after useless idols and became useless themselves? + +Yahweh uses these questions to say that since he has done no wrong, his people should not have rejected him and worshiped idols. AT: "I did nothing wrong to your forefathers, so they should not have gone far from following me, and they should not have gone after useless idols. By doing that they themselves have become useless!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they went far from following me + +This represents rejecting God and refusing to be loyal to him. AT: "they rejected me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they went after useless idols + +This represents choosing to be loyal to idols and worship them. AT: "they worshiped useless idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# useless "worthless" -## Where is Yahweh, who brought us ...? Where is Yahweh, who led us ...? ## +# They did not say -"We should learn what Yahweh wants us to do. He is the one who brought us ..., and he is the one who led us ...." \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that they should have said what follows. AT: "They should have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Where is Yahweh, who brought us ... Egypt? + +This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people's need of Yahweh. AT: "We need Yahweh. He is the one who brought us ... Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Where is Yahweh, who led us ... lives? + +This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people's need of Yahweh. AT: "We need Yahweh. He is the one who led us ... lives." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a land of drought and deep darkness + +A "land of drought" is a land that does not have enough water. Here "deep darkness" is a metaphor for danger. AT: "a dangerous land where there is not enough water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/07.md b/jer/02/07.md index e225c79cd3..cab9c4241b 100644 --- a/jer/02/07.md +++ b/jer/02/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## Yet when you came, you defiled my land; you made my inheritance an abomination ## +# you defiled my land, you made my inheritance an abomination! -AT: "There you sinned and made the land I gave you filthy" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing. AT: "you sinned and made the land I gave you disgusting to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## The priest did not say, “Where is Yahweh?” and the experts in the Law did not care about me! ## +# you defiled my land -AT: The priests and other religious leaders did not want to know me." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here "defiled" represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. AT: "by sinning, you made my land no good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The shepherds transgressed against me ## +# you made my inheritance an abomination -"Their leaders sinned against me" +"you made my inheritance disgusting by your sin" or "by sinning, you made my inheritance repulsive" -## shepherds ## +# my inheritance -"leaders" +Possible meanings are 1) God is speaking of his land as if he had inherited it. AT: "my land" or 2) God is speaking of the land he gave to Israel as if he had given it to them as an inheritance. AT: "the land I gave you" or "the land I gave you as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and walked after unprofitable things. ## +# Where is Yahweh? -AT: and prayed to gods that could not help them" +This question would have shown that they wanted to obey Yahweh. AT: "We need to obey Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## walked after ## +# did not care about me -"obeyed" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"were not committed to me" or "rejected me" + +# The shepherds transgressed against me + +The leaders are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people who followed them were sheep. AT: "Their leaders sinned against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# walked after unprofitable things + +Here "walked after" represents obeying or worshiping. AT: "obeyed unprofitable things" or "worshiped unprofitable things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# unprofitable things + +Unprofitable things are things that cannot help a person. Here it refers to idols. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/09.md b/jer/02/09.md index 13d6622634..fc95095ff1 100644 --- a/jer/02/09.md +++ b/jer/02/09.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## So I will accuse you ## +# So I will still accuse you -AT: "Therefore, I will accuse the house of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how this is translated in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## your sons' sons ## +# your sons' sons "your future generations" -## cross over to the coasts of Kittim ## +# cross over to the coasts of Kittim -"travel across the ocean and to the island of Kittim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Kittim was an island west of Israel. Today it is called Cyprus. It represented all the lands far to the west of Israel. AT: "go west across the ocean to Kittim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Kittim ## +# Send messengers out to Kedar -Cyprus (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Kedar is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. AT: "Send messengers far east to the land of Kedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Kedar ## +# Has a nation exchanged gods ... gods? -a land far to the east of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +God uses this question to tell the people of Israel that other nations continue to worship their own gods. They do not change and worship other gods. AT: "You will see that no nation has ever exchanged gods ... gods." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Has a nation exchanged gods ...? ## +# But my people have exchanged their glory for what cannot help them -AT: "You will see that no nation has ever exchanged ...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here God speaks as though he were not speaking directly to his people. AT: "But you, my people, have exchanged me, your glorious God, for what cannot help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## what cannot help them ## +# their glory -"gods who cannot help them" \ No newline at end of file +This expression refers to God himself, who is glorious. AT: "their glorious God" or "me, your glorious God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for what cannot help + +Here false gods are spoken of in terms of what they cannot do. AT: "for false gods, which cannot help" or "for gods who cannot help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/12.md b/jer/02/12.md index da236cd455..1197663bb5 100644 --- a/jer/02/12.md +++ b/jer/02/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Shudder, heavens, because of this! Be shocked and horrified ## +# Shudder, heavens, because of this! Be shocked and horrified -The speaker is turning and talking to the heaven as if it were a person. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +Yahweh turns and talks to the heavens as if they were there listening to him. God says this to express that what Israel has done is terrible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## abandoned the springs ## +# Shudder, heavens, because of this! Be shocked and horrified -AT: "abandoned me, their spring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Possible meanings are 1) God speaks to the creatures in the heavens or 2) God speaks to the heavens themselves as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## by digging out cisterns for themselves ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -Idols are compared to broken cisterns. AT: by worshipping useless gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## cisterns ## +# have abandoned the springs of living waters -"deep hole for storing water." \ No newline at end of file +God speaks of himself as if he were springs of living waters. AT: "have abandoned me, their springs of living waters" or "have abandoned me, who is like springs of living water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have dug out cisterns for themselves + +God speaks of false gods as if they were cisterns that people dig in order to get water. AT: "have gone to false gods, which are like cisterns they have dug for themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cisterns + +"deep holes for storing water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/14.md b/jer/02/14.md index 4ddea0953c..2f1020fc32 100644 --- a/jer/02/14.md +++ b/jer/02/14.md @@ -1,31 +1,55 @@ -## Is Israel a slave? Was he not born at home? So why has he become plunder? ## +# Is Israel a slave? Was he born in his master's home? So why has he become plunder? -AT: "You people of Israel were not born slaves; but now you have been plundered by your enemies." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Though Yahweh was speaking to the people of Israel, he used the third person as though he were talking to someone else about Israel. AT: "Israel, are you a slave? Were you born at home? So why have you become plunder?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## why has he become plunder? ## +# Is Israel a slave? Was he born in his master's home? -AT: "Everything you owned has been taken by force?" +Yahweh uses these questions to tell why Israel should not have become plunder. AT: "Israel is not a slave. Israel was not born at home." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Young lions roared against him. They made a lot of noise and made his land a horror! His cities are destroyed without any inhabitants. ## +# Was he born in his master's home -AT: "Your enemies attacked you roaring like young lions. They destroyed your land and burned your towns so that no one can live in them." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here "born in his master's home" is metonym for being born into slavery. AT: "Was he born a slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## roar ## +# So why has he become plunder? -a loud sound made by a wild animal +Yahweh uses this question to indicate that Israel should not have become plunder. AT: "So he should not have become plunder." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## inhabitants ## +# So why has he become plunder + +Here "become plunder" represents being attacked and taken as captives to another country. AT: "So why has Israel been taken away as captives" or "So why have Israel's enemies taken Israel away as captives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Young lions roared against him. They made a lot of noise + +God speaks of Israel's enemies attacking Israel as if the enemies were lions roaring and attacking Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# made his land a horror + +This represents destroying the land in such a way that people will feel horror when they see it. AT: "destroyed Israel's land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Young lions roared + +A roar is a loud sound that a wild animal makes when it attacks. + +# His cities are destroyed without any inhabitants + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They have destroyed Israel's cities and now no one lives in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# inhabitants people who live in a certain place -## Memphis and Tahpanhes ## +# Memphis and Tahpanhes -cities in Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of two cities in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## shave your skull ## +# will shave your skull -The Egyptians shaved the hair of the head of an Israelite to show that they were now slaves. +The Egyptians shaved the head of their slaves to mark them as slaves. -## Did you not do this to yourselves when you abandoned Yahweh your God, while he was leading you along the way? ## +# will shave your skull -AT: "You cause this yourselves by abandoning Yahweh your God, while he was leading you along the way." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Some versions interpret the Hebrew text as "have cracked your skull." + +# Did you not do this to yourselves when you abandoned Yahweh your God, while he was leading you along the way? + +Yahweh uses this question to remind Israel that it is their own fault that their enemies attacked them. AT: "You caused this yourselves by abandoning Yahweh your God while he was leading you along the way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/18.md b/jer/02/18.md index 8df5fee4ea..6747e22bc0 100644 --- a/jer/02/18.md +++ b/jer/02/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## So now, why take the road to Egypt and drink the waters of Shihor? Why take the road to Assyria and drink the waters of the Euphrates River? ## +# So now, why take the road to Egypt and drink the waters of Shihor? Why take the road to Assyria and drink the waters of the Euphrates River? -AT: "You should not travel to Shihor to make an alliance with the rulers of Egypt. You should not travel to the Euphrates River to make an alliance with Assyria! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses these questions to remind his people that it does not do any good to ask Egypt and Assyria to help them. AT: "It does not help you to go to Egypt and drink from the waters of the Shihor River, or to go to Assyria and drink from the waters of the Euphrates River." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Shihor ## +# why take the road to Egypt and drink the waters of Shihor ... Why take the road to Assyria and drink the waters of the Euphrates River -the southwestern boundary of Canaan, a dry river bed +These are a metaphor for asking the Egyptian and Assyrian armies to help them. AT: "why ask the Egyptians to help you ... Why ask the Assyrians to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Your wickedness rebukes you, and your faithlessness punishes you. ## +# Shihor -AT: "Because you have been wicked and unfaithful, I will punish you." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This is the name of a stream associated with Egypt. It may have been a branch of the Nile River. Some versions call it the Nile. AT: "the Shihor Stream" or "the Shihor River" or "the Nile River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## dread ## +# Your wickedness rebukes you, and your faithlessness punishes you -great fear \ No newline at end of file +Both of these phrases mean that their punishment is the result of their wicked behavior. AT: "Because you have been wicked and unfaithful, I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# it is wicked and bitter + +Here the word "bitter" describes "wicked." AT: "it is bitterly wicked" or "it is extremely wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/20.md b/jer/02/20.md index 02d4638947..0da3e18131 100644 --- a/jer/02/20.md +++ b/jer/02/20.md @@ -1,43 +1,39 @@ -## For I broke your yoke that you had in ancient days; I tore your fetters off you. Still you said, “I will not serve!” ## +# For I broke your yoke that you had in ancient days; I tore your fetters off you. Still you said, 'I will not serve!' -AT: "Long ago I released you from slavery, but still you refused to worship me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "broke your yoke" and "tore your fetters off you" are metaphors for setting them free from slavery. The people of Israel had been slaves in Egypt. AT: "Long ago I released you from slavery, but still you refused to worship me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## since you bowed down on every high hill and beneath every leafy tree, you adulterer. ## - -"You bowed down to idols and worshipped them like an adulterous wife treats her husband." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## fetters ## +# fetters chains used to restrain a person or an animal -## beneath ## +# since you bowed down on every high hill and beneath every leafy tree, you adulterer + +What they bowed down to can be stated clearly. Here "adulterer" is a metaphor for someone who is unfaithful to God. AT: "You bowed down to idols and worshiped them instead of me, like an adulterous wife who is unfaithful to her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# beneath below -## But I myself had planted you as a choice vine, a completely true seed. ## +# I planted you as a choice vine, completely from pure seed -AT: " I, Yahweh, started you with a very good beginning." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God speaks of making his people into a great nation in Canaan as if they were the seed of a grapevine that he had planted. AT: "I, Yahweh, started you with a very good beginning, like a farmer who uses excellent seed to plant the best kind of vine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## planted ## +# a choice vine -to place in the ground to grow +"a vine of very good quality" -## a disloyal one from a foreign vine! ## +# completely from pure seed -AT: "you've become like a rotten, worthless vine." +Here "pure seed" is the best seed that has not been mixed with seed that is not good. AT: "that grew from excellent seed" -## disloyal ## +# How then have you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine? -traitorous, faithless +God uses this question to rebuke his people for changing and becoming like a corrupt worthless vine. AT: "But you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## your iniquity is a stain ## +# your iniquity is a stain before me -AT: "you are still guilty of sinning" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Something that is unacceptable to God is spoken of as being unclean. Here "stain" represents the constant reminder of Israel's sin. AT: "I see your sin like a stain" or "your sin is like a stain; your guilt remains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## stain ## +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh -in this usage stain represents the constant reminder of Israel's sin - -## Lord Yahweh’s declaration. ## - -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/23.md b/jer/02/23.md index fe8f78d46f..d43bd162ed 100644 --- a/jer/02/23.md +++ b/jer/02/23.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## walked after ## +# How can you say, 'I ... have not walked after the Baals'? -"worshipped" +God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying that they have not worshiped the Baals. AT: "You lie when you say, 'I ... have not walked after the Baals.' (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Look at your behavior in the valleys! Understand what you have done, you swift camel running its own way! ## +# walked after -AT: "You must look at the things you have done in the valleys outside of Jerusalem. You run back and forth chasing this and that like a swift young camel who does not know where she is going." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## swift ## +# you are a swift female camel running here and there + +God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were like a female camel running in different directions looking for a male camel to mate with. AT: "You are like a swift female camel running back and forth looking for a male camel to mate with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# swift "fast" or "quick" -## You are a wild donkey, accustomed to the wilderness, longing for life and panting after the useless wind! Who turns her around when she is in heat? Anyone seeking her does not tire himself. They go out to her in her month of heat. ## +# a wild donkey accustomed to the wilderness, in her heat sniffing the wind -AT: "You are like a young female donkey, living in the desert. When she is in heat she is out of control and constantly sniffs the breeze to find a mate. The male donkeys don't even chase after her because she will come to them." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were a wild female donkey running to find male donkeys. AT: "You are like a young female donkey that lives in the desert. When she wants to mate she is out of control and constantly sniffs the breeze to find a mate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## longing ## +# in her heat -"strong desire for" +This phrase is an idiom referring to the time when a female donkey wants to mate with male donkeys. AT: "when she wants to mate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## panting ## +# Who can restrain her lust? -breathing hard and quick +This question is used to emphasize that no one can control a female donkey when she is wants to mate with a male donkey. AT: "No one can turn her around when she wants to mate." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## You must restrain your feet from becoming bare and your throat from being thirsty! But you have said, “It is hopeless! No, I love strangers and go after them!” ## +# You must restrain your feet from becoming bare and your throat from being thirsty! -AT: "I have told you to stop running here and there chasing after false gods, because all that it does is wear out your sandals and make you very thirsty. But you say to me, "We cannot stop ourselves. We must follow after these Baals and worship them."" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +God speaks of Israel wanting to worship other gods as if they were running around in the desert looking for those gods. AT: "I have told you to stop running here and there chasing after false gods, because all that it does is wear out your sandals and make you very thirsty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## thirsty ## +# It is hopeless -in need of water +"There is no hope for us to restrain ourselves." This implies that they cannot stop themselves from running after other gods. AT: "We cannot stop ourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## strangers ## +# No, I love strangers and go after them! -people we have not met before \ No newline at end of file +Here "strangers" represents foreign gods, and "go after them" represents worshiping them. AT: "We must follow after foreign gods and worship them!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/26.md b/jer/02/26.md index b09b017936..fa3dea5e01 100644 --- a/jer/02/26.md +++ b/jer/02/26.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## when he is found ## +# the house of Israel -"when he is caught" +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:4](./04.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## they ## +# when he is found -"the people" +This idiom means that someone discovers that the person's actions. This can be stated in active form. AT: "when someone finds him" or "when people know that he has stolen things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## These are the ones who say to the tree, 'You are my father,' and to the stone, 'You gave birth to me.' ## +# they, their kings, their princes, and their priests and prophets -AT: "These people are the ones who say to a carved piece of wood, "You are my father," and to a carved stone, "You gave birth to me." " (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This list shows that everyone belonging to Israel will be ashamed. -## For their back faces me and not their faces. ## +# These are the ones who say to the tree, 'You are my father,' and to the stone, 'You gave birth to me.' -AT: "They turn away and do not worship me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "tree" and "stone" represent idols carved from wood and stone. These words emphasize that the idol was made of ordinary things and is not worthy of worship. AT: "These people are the ones who say to a carved piece of wood, 'You are my father,' and to a carved stone, 'You gave birth to me.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## 'Arise and save us!' ## +# their back faces me and not their faces -AT: "Yahweh come and save us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"their backs are toward me; their faces are not toward me." This represents them rejecting God. AT: "they have turned away from me" or "they have turned their backs toward me and not their faces" or "they have completely rejected me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Arise and save us + +It can be made clear that they say this to Yahweh. "Yahweh, come and save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yet where are the gods that you made for yourselves? + +With this question God implies that people should ask the gods they worship to help them. He uses this irony to show that he is angry that they worship other gods. AT: "You should ask the gods you made to help you." or "You do not ask the gods you made to help you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# Let them arise if they wish to save you in your time of troubles + +God implies that false gods should help the people who worship them. He knows that false gods cannot help people. When he said this he was using irony to show that he was angry that his people worshiped false gods. AT: "You do not ask them because know you that they cannot save you in your time of troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/29.md b/jer/02/29.md index 660fb70f7b..0e36445ad8 100644 --- a/jer/02/29.md +++ b/jer/02/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## So why do you accuse me of doing wrong? All of you have sinned against me ## +# So why do you accuse me of doing wrong? All of you have sinned against me -AT: "Israel you claim that I was wrong when I did not rescue you when you called on me, even though you continue to sin against me." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +God uses this question to rebuke the people of Israel for accusing him of doing wrong. AT: "Israel, you claim that I was wrong when I did not rescue you when you called on me, even though you continue to sin against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## destructive ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# They would not accept discipline + +Here "accept discipline" represents learning from discipline. AT: "They refused to learn from discipline" or "When I disciplined them, they refused to learn to obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your sword has devoured your prophets like a destructive lion + +God speaks of the people of Israel killing the prophets as if their sword were a lion that ate the prophets. AT: "You have killed the prophets brutally with your sword like a destructive lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# destructive capable of causing a very large amount of damage -## You who belong to this generation! Pay attention to my word, the word of Yahweh! Have I been a wilderness to Israel? Or a land of deep darkness? Why would my people say, “Let us wander around. We will not go to you anymore”? ## +# You who belong to this generation! Pay attention to my word, the word of Yahweh -AT: "House of Judah, you must pay attention to what I say to you. I never abandoned you in the desert or left you in very dark land. Why do you say, "We can go where we want to go and not worship Yahweh anymore."?" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The phrase "this generation" refers to the people who lived when Jeremiah lived. AT: "You who live today, pay attention to what I, Yahweh, say to you" -## wander ## +# Have I been a wilderness to Israel? Or a land of deep darkness? + +Here "a wilderness" and "a land of deep darkness" are metaphors for danger. God uses this question to rebuke the Israelites for behaving as though he had been dangerous. AT: "You act as though I have been like a wilderness or a land of deep darkness to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why would my people say, 'Let us wander around, we will not go to you anymore'? + +God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying this. AT: "You my people say 'We can go where we want to go and not worship Yahweh anymore.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# wander move around or go to different places usually without any particular purpose or direction \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/32.md b/jer/02/32.md index 9134efa931..781c91ce7a 100644 --- a/jer/02/32.md +++ b/jer/02/32.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils? ## +# Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils -Yahweh is starting to rebuke his people for forgetting him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The words "will" and "forget" are understood to be part of the second phrase also. AT: "Will a virgin forget her jewelry, and will a bride forget her veils" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## days without number ## +# Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils? + +God uses this question to introduce the idea of remembering things that are important to someone. AT: "You know that a virgin would never forget to put on her jewelry, and a bride would never forget to put on her veils." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# days without number "a very long time" -## How well you make your way to look for love. You have even taught your ways to wicked women. ## +# How well you make your way to look for love -Yahweh is saying that the Israelites have become so good at chasing false gods that they could show a prostitute how to go after customers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +God appears to be praising his people for looking for love, but this is irony. He was showing that he was angry with them for being unfaithful to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## The blood that was the life of the innocent and the poor has even been found on your clothes ## +# to look for love -AT: "You are guilty of killing poor and innocent people, people who did nothing to harm you." Yahweh is saying that the Israelites have killed people who have done nothing against them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +God speaks of his people worshiping other gods as if they were a woman who is unfaithful to her husband and is looking for other men to love her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## These people were not discovered in acts of burglary. ## +# You have even taught your ways to wicked women -AT: "You did not discover these people stealing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +God speaks of how unfaithful his people are to him as though they were even teaching prostitutes how to be unfaithful to their husbands and find other men to be their lovers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# The blood that was the life of innocent, poor people has been found on your clothes + +Blood on their clothes was evidence that they had killed people. AT: "The blood of innocent, poor people on your clothes shows that you are guilty of killing them" or "You are guilty of killing poor and innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The blood that was the life + +"The blood that represents the life" + +# These people were not discovered in acts of burglary + +If they found people in an act of burglary, this might have been an excuse for killing them. But the people that they murdered were innocent. This can be translated in active form. AT: "You did not discover these people stealing things" or "But you killed them even though they were not even stealing anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/35.md b/jer/02/35.md index d96099736a..1c885c7900 100644 --- a/jer/02/35.md +++ b/jer/02/35.md @@ -1,43 +1,39 @@ -## I am ## +# surely his anger has turned away from me -"We are" +Here anger is spoken of as if it were a person that could turn away from Israel. Its turning represents Yahweh's stopping be angry with Israel. AT: "surely Yahweh has stopped being angry with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Surely Yahweh's anger will turn from me.” ## +# I will bring down judgment on you -AT: "Surely Yahweh will stop being angry with us." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here "judgment" represents punishment. AT: "I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## judged ## +# Why do you treat so very lightly this change in your ways? -"punished severely" +Yahweh is scolding the Israelites because they changed from one kingdom to another for help but did not rely on God for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## since ## - -"because" - -## I have ## - -"We have" - -## Why do you treat so very lightly this change in your ways? ## - -Yahweh is scolding the Israelites because they changed from one kingdom to another for help but did not rely on God for help. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## lightly ## +# lightly without care or concern -## disappointed ## +# You will also be disappointed by Egypt -feeling sad or unhappy because the king of Egypt did not agree to protect them. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Egypt will also disappoint you" -## You will also go out from there ## +# You will also be disappointed by Egypt -AT: "You will go out from Egypt" +The people of Israel will be sad because the army of Egypt will not be able protect them. AT: "You will be disappointed when Egypt does not protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## dejected ## +# just as you were by Assyria -sad because you did not get what a promise of Egyptian help. +The word "disappointed" is understood from the previous phrase. This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as you were disappointed by Assyria" or "just as Assyria disappointed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## hands on your head ## +# You will also go out from there -this shows a people in mourning (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"You will go out from Egypt" + +# with your hands on your head + +This is a symbol of shame. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# so you will not be helped by them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so they will not help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/02/intro.md b/jer/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..527cace622 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Jeremiah 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:1-31, which is an extended quotation. + +The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The people refuse to learn ##### + +The people worshiped other gods, particularly the fertility gods of Baal and Ashtoreth. Even when the nation was punished, the people did not learn. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +Israel is compared to a female camel or a wild donkey for being unstable and lustful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/01.md b/jer/03/01.md index d2255a25e6..f5709ae3ec 100644 --- a/jer/03/01.md +++ b/jer/03/01.md @@ -1,33 +1,47 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking in the previous chapter, Jeremiah 2 +# General Information: -## Is she not completely unclean? ## +Yahweh continues speaking. This is part of the prophecy that he starts revealing to Jeremiah in [Jeremiah 2:1](../02/01.md). -AT: "She is completely unclean." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# will he return to her again? -## That woman is this the people of this land! ## +God uses this question to remind the people that a man would never return to his wife if another man marries her. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "he would not return to her again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"This land is like that woman!" That is, Yahweh taking the people of Judah back is like a man taking back the wife he earlier divorced. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# Would that land not be greatly polluted? -## You have acted like a prostitute ## +God uses this question to remind the people that a married man would not return to his wife if she married another man, because he knows that the land would become ceremonially unclean. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He knows that if he did, the land would be greatly polluted." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"You have given your love and trust to idols the way a prostitute gives her body to men not her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# greatly polluted -## do you want to return to me? ## +This is a metaphor for being terribly unacceptable to God. AT: "completely unacceptable to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "I will not accept you when you try to come back to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# You have lived as a prostitute who has many lovers -## This is Yahweh’s declaration ## +God speaks of Israel worshiping many idols as being like a woman having sex with many men. AT: "You have given your love and trust to idols the way a prostitute gives her body to men who are not her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -See how you translated this idea in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +# and would you return to me? -## Lift up your eyes ## +God uses this question to show the Israelites that because they worshiped idols, they should not think that God would allow them to return to him. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "yet now you want to return to me!" or "yet you think that I should allow you to come back to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"Look up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# this is Yahweh's declaration -## Where have you not been ravished? ## +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -"You are like a woman who goes everywhere and lets men seize her and sleep with her!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Lift up your eyes -## nomad ## +Here "your eyes" represents looking at something. AT: "Look up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -homeless robber \ No newline at end of file +# Is there any place where you have not had illicit sex? + +God speaks of Israel worshiping idols as if they were a woman who had sex with many different men. He uses this question to tell the Israelites that he knows that they have worshiped idols everywhere. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "There is no place where you have not had illicit sex!" or "As a whore sleeps with many men, you have worshiped your idols everywhere!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# By the roadsides you sat waiting for your lovers + +God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like a prostitute waiting by the road for any man to come along. AT: "Like a prostitutes waiting at the roadside for her lovers, you were eager to worship any idol you learned about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as an Arab in the wilderness + +God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like someone in the wilderness waiting for anyone to come along so he could rob them. AT: "like an Arab in the wilderness waiting for people he might rob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# an Arab in the wilderness + +An Arab is a person from Arabia. Some Arabs lived as nomads in the desert and would rob others who came near them. AT: "a nomad in the wilderness" or "a robber in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/03.md b/jer/03/03.md index 84845d4192..ace5bbe07a 100644 --- a/jer/03/03.md +++ b/jer/03/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## a promiscuous woman ## +# So the spring rains were withheld -having sexual relations with many partners +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So I withheld the spring rains from you" or "So I prevented the spring rains from falling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Look! ## +# But your face is arrogant + +The arrogance showing on a person's face is spoken of as if the face itself were arrogant. AT: "But the expression on your face shows that you arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a promiscuous woman + +a woman who sleeps with many men + +# Have you not just now called to me: 'My father ... end?' + +God uses this question to rebuke his people for calling out to him and saying these things. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You call out to me: 'My father ... end?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will he always be angry? Will he always keep his wrath to the end? + +These questions express the people's hope that God will not be angry with them forever. They can be translated as statements. AT: "Surely he will not always be angry with me to the end." or "Surely you will not be angry with us forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Look! "pay attention" or "listen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/06.md b/jer/03/06.md index 9836ff9306..9e8fabf8be 100644 --- a/jer/03/06.md +++ b/jer/03/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## She goes ## +# Do you see what faithless Israel has done? -the people of Israel go (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God uses this question to draw Jeremiah's attention to Israel's faithlessness. It can be translated as a command or a statement. AT: "See how faithless Israel is to me." or "You see how faithless Israel is to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## every high mountain and under every leafy tree ## +# She has gone up -The tops of hills and under shade trees were common places for idol worship. +The people of Israel are spoken of as if Israel were a woman. AT: "Israel's people have gone up" or "They have gone up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## her faithless sister Judah saw ## +# every high hill and under every leafy tree -"the people of Judah, who also did not obey me, saw" \ No newline at end of file +The tops of hills and under shade trees were common places for people to worship idols. The word "every" is used as a generalization to show that the people were worshiping idols in many different places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# she has acted like a prostitute + +God speaks as of Israel worshiping idols as if she were a woman having sex with many men. AT: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# her faithless sister Judah saw + +God speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were sisters. AT: "the people of Judah, who also did not obey me, saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/08.md b/jer/03/08.md index 2a7a853d6f..b8d4afa21a 100644 --- a/jer/03/08.md +++ b/jer/03/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking. +# General Information: -## Apostate Israel ## +Yahweh continues to speak of Israel and Judah being unfaithful to him as if they were two sisters who were unfaithful wives. -"Israel, you have completely stopped obeying me" +# bill of divorce -## treasonous ## +Something that a man writes to certify that he has divorced his wife. -disloyal +# Her prostitution was nothing to her -## Yahweh’s declaration ## +Here prostitution being "nothing" represents Judah not caring about it. AT: "She did not care about her prostitution" or "She was not ashamed of her prostitution" -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +# she defiled the land + +Here "defiled" represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. AT: "she made my land no good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# she committed adultery with stones and trees + +Here "stones" and "trees" represent the stone and wood material that was used to create idols. The people's idol worship is spoken of as if they were committing adultery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/11.md b/jer/03/11.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4f98aa68cc --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/03/11.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Faithless Israel has been more righteous than faithless Judah! + +By calling Israel "more righteous" than Judah, God emphasizes that Judah is very guilty. AT: "Israel has been unfaithful to me, but Judah is even more guilty than Israel" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Go and proclaim these words to the north + +Here the north represents the people of Israel who had been taken north to Assyria. AT: "Go and proclaim these words to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/13.md b/jer/03/13.md index c15ef056db..dab64fa19f 100644 --- a/jer/03/13.md +++ b/jer/03/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## after my heart ## +# Acknowledge your iniquity -Possible meanings are "who love what I love" or "who want to please me." \ No newline at end of file +"Admit how you have sinned." God was speaking to Israel. + +# you have shared your ways with strangers under every leafy tree! + +The word "strangers" refers to foreign gods. God speaks of Israel worshiping foreign gods as if Israel were a woman who was having sex with strangers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# under every leafy tree + +People would worship idols under trees. The word "every" is a generalization used to show that the people of Israel worshiped many gods under many different trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# you have not listened to my voice + +Here "listened" represents obeying, and "my voice" represents what God has said. AT: "you have not obeyed what I have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I am your husband + +God speaks of Israel belonging to him as if he were Israel's husband. AT: "you belong to me as a wife belongs to her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will give you shepherds ... they will shepherd you + +Here God speaks of leaders as if they were shepherds and the people they led were sheep. AT: "I will give you leaders ... they will lead you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# shepherds after my heart + +Here "heart" represents Yahweh's desire or will. The phrase "after my heart" is an idiom that describes people who do God's will. AT: "shepherds who do my will" or "shepherds who do what I want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/16.md b/jer/03/16.md index 19e75454aa..45d57347c2 100644 --- a/jer/03/16.md +++ b/jer/03/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## will increase and bear fruit ## +# you will increase and bear fruit -"will greatly grow in number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. The phrase "bear fruit" is a metaphor for having many descendants. AT: "you will increase greatly in number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# This matter will no longer come up in their hearts + +Here "come up in their hearts" represents thinking about it. AT: "They will no longer think of this matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/17.md b/jer/03/17.md index be91ed8df9..585f540bac 100644 --- a/jer/03/17.md +++ b/jer/03/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## the house of Judah will walk with the house of Israel ## +# This is Yahweh's throne -"the people of Judah will live together with the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file +Here "Yahweh's throne" represents the place from where Yahweh rules. AT: "This is from where Yahweh rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will no longer walk in the stubbornness of their wicked hearts + +Yahweh speaks of people's actions as if the people were walking along a path. Here the word "hearts" represents their minds or wills. AT: "They will no longer stubbornly do the wicked things that they want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Judah will walk with the house of Israel + +Here "walk with" represents being united. AT: "the people of Judah will be united with the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the land that I gave your ancestors as an inheritance + +God speaks of giving them the land to possess forever as if it were an inheritance. AT: "the land that I gave to your ancestors so that it would belong to their descendants forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/19.md b/jer/03/19.md index eab9f39ea6..09a3070764 100644 --- a/jer/03/19.md +++ b/jer/03/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## As for me ## +# As for me the word "me" refers to Yahweh -## honor you as my son... like a woman ## +# How I want to honor you ... nation -This change from male to female is for great emphasis. +This is an exclamation that expresses God's desire. AT: "I want so much to honor you ... nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## This is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# I want to honor you as my son -See how you translated this idea in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +God speaks of Israel as if Israel were his son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# But like a woman faithless to her husband, you have betrayed me + +God speaks of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she were an unfaithful wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# an inheritance more beautiful + +God speaks of the land he wanted to give to Israel as if it were an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](./17.md). AT: "Israel" or "kingdom of Israel" or "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/21.md b/jer/03/21.md index ff1d379121..e193873bae 100644 --- a/jer/03/21.md +++ b/jer/03/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## A noise is heard ## +# A voice is heard -"People hear a noise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People hear a noise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## weeping and pleading ## +# the weeping and pleading of the people of Israel -"crying and begging loudly" +"the people of Israel crying and begging loudly" -## Behold ## +# they have forgotten Yahweh their God -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. \ No newline at end of file +Here "have forgotten" represents neglecting or ignoring. AT: "They have ignored Yahweh their God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will heal you of treachery! + +Possible meanings are 1) "heal you of treachery" represents causing Israel to stop being unfaithful to God. AT: "I will cause you to stop being unfaithful to me" or 2) "heal you of treachery" represents forgiving Israel for being unfaithful. AT: "I will forgive your treachery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# treachery + +"unfaithfulness" + +# Behold! We will come to you + +It is understood that this is what the people of Israel will say. AT: "The people will reply, 'Behold! We will come to you" or "You will say "Behold! We will come to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Behold! + +"Indeed." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/23.md b/jer/03/23.md index 3d0151c1a2..0b9b2b9034 100644 --- a/jer/03/23.md +++ b/jer/03/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## Only lies come from the hills ## +# Surely lies come from the hills -The people, continuing to speak from the previous verse, expect guidance and gain from idol worship but only find lies. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +Here "the hills" represent the people's worship of false gods on the hills. The people now realize that those false gods could not guide and help them. AT: "The false gods that we worshiped on the hills could not guide us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Let us lie down in shame. May our shame cover us ## +# a confusing noise from the mountains -AT:""We are ready to throw ourselves upon the ground in bitter humiliation." This thought is repeated for emphasis. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +People made a lot of noise on the hills and mountains when they worshiped false gods. AT: "We made a confusing noise on the mountains while we worshiped them, but they did not help us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the time of our youthfulness ## +# surely Yahweh our God is the salvation of Israel -"the beginning of the nation" +"surely Yahweh our God is the savior of Israel" or "surely Yahweh our God is the only one who can save Israel" -## the voice of Yahweh ## +# shameful idols have consumed what our ancestors have worked for -AT: "what Yahweh says". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This represents the people of Israel losing many of their possessions because they offered them to the idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their flocks and cattle, their sons and daughters + +This is a list of animals and people that the people of Israel had killed and offered to the idols. + +# Let us lie down in shame. May our shame cover us + +These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the people are fully aware of their shameful behavior. AT: "Let us be completely humiliated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# May our shame cover us + +Being fully aware of their shame is spoken of as if shame were covering them like a blanket or a garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the time of our youthfulness + +Possible meanings are that 1) "the time of our youthfulness" refers to when each person was young. AT: "from when we were young" or 2) "the time of our youthfulness" is a metaphor that refers to when Israel was first becoming a nation. AT: "from when we were first becoming a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have not listened to the voice of Yahweh our God + +Here "listened" represents obeying, and "the voice of Yahweh" represents what Yahweh has said. AT: "have not obeyed what Yahweh our God has said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/03/intro.md b/jer/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2242eee1bd --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Jeremiah 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:1-5, 12-17, 19-25, which are extended quotations. + +The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. The same is true for 3:19-4:3. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Judah told to repent ##### + +If Judah repents, God will bring the people back from the captivity into which he is going to send them. In this book, "Israel" serves as another name Judah because the northern kingdom of Israel no longer exists. The people group formed by these ten tribes had been scattered among the other nations by the Assyrians, who had conquered them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +##### Adultery ##### +Judah's faithlessness to God is often pictured as adultery. This is a common image in Scripture. When Judah does not worship God, their nation is spoken of as if it were a woman unfaithful to her husband. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/01.md b/jer/04/01.md index b9005bd3d3..4fee23eaab 100644 --- a/jer/04/01.md +++ b/jer/04/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## If you return, Israel ## +# If you return, Israel -AT: “If you will come back to me, people of Israel or “If you will change your behavior, people of Israel” (See: Metonymy and Idiom) +Here "return" is a metaphor for changing who they worship, and Israel is a metonym representing the people of Israel. The people had been worshiping idols rather than Yahweh. AT: "If you will come back, people of Israel" or "If you will change who you worship, people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## then return to me ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -Possible meanings are that 1) this is a command: “then return to me” or 2) this is a repetition of the first phrase: “if you will return to me.” AT: “then come back to me” or “then start worshiping me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Yahweh’s declaration ## +# then it should be to me that you return -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Possible meanings are that 1) this is a command that emphasizes who they should return to. AT: "then come back to me" or "then worship me" 1) this is a repetition of the first phrase, which expresses a condition. AT: "if you will come back to me" or "if you will start worshiping me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## If you remove your detestable things from before me ## +# If you remove your detestable things from before me -This phrase refers to idols as things that deserve strong hatred. AT: "Remove your disgusting idols from my presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "detestable things" refers to idols, which God hates. AT: "If you remove your disgusting idols from my presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## do not wander from me again ## +# do not wander from me again -AT: "remain faithful to me" +Here "wander" is a metaphor for being unfaithful. AT: "if you remain faithful to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Plow your own ground, and do not sow among thorns ## +# As Yahweh lives + +"As surely as Yahweh is alive." The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the nations will bless themselves in him + +Here "the nations" is a metonym for people of other nations. The word "him" refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, it can also be translated as "me." AT: "people of other nations will bless themselves in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the nations will bless themselves in him + +Here "bless themselves in him" is a metonym for asking Yahweh to bless them. AT: "the people of the nations will ask Yahweh to bless them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in him they will glory + +The word "him" refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, "him" can also be translated as "me." AT: "they will boast in me" or "they will praise me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Plow your own ground, and do not sow among thorns Yahweh tells the people to prepare their lives like a farmer prepares the ground for planting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/04.md b/jer/04/04.md index 54345fa0f0..f379fcc9b0 100644 --- a/jer/04/04.md +++ b/jer/04/04.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## Be circumcised to Yahweh and remove the foreskins of your heart ## +# Circumcise yourselves to Yahweh, and remove the foreskins of your heart Yahweh describes the people's devotion to him in terms of the physical sign of covenant. AT: "Dedicate yourselves completely to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Be circumcised...remove the foreskins of your heart ## +# Circumcise yourselves ... remove the foreskins of your heart -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Be circumcised to Yahweh ## +# my fury will break out like fire, and burn with no one to quench it -AT: "Circumcise yourselves to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Yahweh speaks of becoming extremely angry as if his anger were fire. AT: "my anger will burn like a fire and no one will be able to stop it" or "I will be extremely angry, and no one will be able to stop me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## my fury will go out like fire ## +# fury -Yahweh's anger is like a fire that destroys everything. AT: "the things that I do because I am angry will be like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"great anger" -## Report in Judah and let it be heard in Jerusalem ## +# Report in Judah and let it be heard in Jerusalem -These phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## let it be heard in Jerusalem ## +# let it be heard in Jerusalem -AT: "cause the people in Jerusalem to hear it" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "cause the people in Jerusalem to hear it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## disaster...a great collapse ## +# Blow the trumpet in the land -These words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The trumpet would warn the people that their enemies were coming to attack them. -## from the north ## +# Let us go to the fortified cities -This refers to enemy armies that would come from the north. (See: Metonymy) \ No newline at end of file +They would go to the fortified cities for protection from their enemies. + +# disaster ... a great collapse + +These words mean basically the same thing. The phrase "a great collapse" defines what the "disaster" will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# for I am bringing disaster from the north and a great collapse + +This represents God sending an army from the north to cause disaster and destruction in Judah. AT: "for I will cause an army from the north to come and destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the north + +This represents an enemy army that would come from the north. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/07.md b/jer/04/07.md index 884246f1d1..e765e28d65 100644 --- a/jer/04/07.md +++ b/jer/04/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## A lion is coming ## +# A lion is coming -AT: "A powerful and merciless army approaches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God speaks of a powerful army as if it were a fierce lion. AT: "A powerful and merciless army approaches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## thicket ## +# thicket -a set of bushes that grew closely together. +a set of bushes that grew closely together -## setting out ## +# someone who will destroy nations -AT: "starting to march" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "someone" represents a king and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## horror ## +# is setting out -fear, dread and shock +This idiom refers to starting to move. AT: "is starting to march" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## wail ## +# to bring horror to your land -loud and long cry of sadness and repentance for having sinned. \ No newline at end of file +This represents destroying the land, which would cause people who see it to be horrified. AT: "to destroy your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wrap yourself in sackcloth + +People would wear sackcloth to show that they were very sad. In this context it would be to show that they were very sorry for the bad things they had done. AT: "put on the clothes that show you are mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# wail + +cry loudly + +# For the force of Yahweh's anger has not turned away from us + +Anger is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could turn away from people. Here "Yahweh's anger has not turned away from us" means that Yahweh is still very angry with the people. AT: "For Yahweh is still very angry with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/09.md b/jer/04/09.md index ba01f74f3c..1b15b10378 100644 --- a/jer/04/09.md +++ b/jer/04/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Yahweh’s declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## the sword is striking against their life ## +# the hearts of the king and his officials will die -"our enemies are ready to slaughter us with their swords" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hearts" represent courage. Also "the hearts ... will die" represents losing courage and being afraid. AT: "the king and his officials will stop being courageous" or "the king and his officials will be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sword is striking against their life + +Here enemies being ready to kill people is spoken of as if the sword was a person striking at people. AT: "our enemies are ready to slaughter us with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/11.md b/jer/04/11.md index 5ece5371a7..bd5cdfdd2d 100644 --- a/jer/04/11.md +++ b/jer/04/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## it will be said ## +# it will be said -"Yahweh will say" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## burning wind from the plains... wind far stronger... ## +# burning wind from the plains ... wind far stronger -A fierce and merciless enemy is coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here a "burning wind" represents a fierce and merciless enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## daughter of my people ## +# will make its way -The nation is compared to a special bride in an affectionate way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"will travel" or "will rush" -## It will not winnow or cleanse them ## +# the daughter of my people -Winnow and cleanse both refer to taking away the bad and leaving the good. AT: "It will not take away their sins" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. AT: "my people, who are like a daughter to me" or "my dear people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## pass sentence against them ## +# It will not winnow or cleanse them + +The words "winnow" and "cleanse" refer to blowing away the useless skins from grain. Only a light wind was needed for that. AT: "It will not be a light wind for blowing the chaff away from the grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will come at my command + +"will come when I command it to come" + +# at my command + +This expression in Hebrew is interpreted by some modern versions as "for me" or "from me." + +# pass sentence against them "announce their punishment" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/13.md b/jer/04/13.md index c07a77ce72..15b8727fd9 100644 --- a/jer/04/13.md +++ b/jer/04/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## See, he is attacking like clouds, and his chariots are like a storm ## +# See, he is attacking like clouds -These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See” Parallelism) AT: "The enemy army is destructive like a strong wind storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The word "he" refers to the enemy king and his army. The great size of the army is spoken of as if they were giant storm clouds. AT: "See, great armies like giant clouds are gathering to attack" or "See, great armies are gathering to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Woe to us, for we will be devastated ## +# his chariots are like a storm -The people say this when they see the enemy army approaching. AT: The people say. 'We will certainly be destroyed.' " +The enemies' chariots are spoken of as if they were like a storm. Storms can be noisy, destructive, and fast-moving. AT: "the roar of their chariots coming is like a fierce storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## cleanse your heart from wickedness, Jerusalem ## +# Woe to us -God warns the people living in Jerusalem to repent. AT: "Yahweh says to the people living in Jerusalem, 'You better change how you act." +"This is terrible" -## a voice is bringing ## +# for we will be devastated -"messengers are proclaiming" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for they will devastate us" or "for they will destroy us all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the coming disaster is heard ## +# Cleanse your heart from wickedness, Jerusalem -"people heard the coming disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is a warning to the people living in Jerusalem to repent. "Cleanse your heart" is a metaphor for removing evil from their lives. AT: "People of Jerusalem, stop being evil" or "People of Jerusalem, stop living wickedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## from Dan... mountains of Ephraim ## +# How long will your deepest thoughts be about how to sin? -The people would recognize that those places show this warning was getting closer to them. \ No newline at end of file +This question is used to rebuke the people for always planning how to sin. AT: "Your deepest thoughts are about how to sin!" or "You are always thinking about how to sin!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a voice is bringing news from Dan + +Here "a voice" represents a messenger. AT: "a messenger comes and tells about what is happening in Dan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Dan + +This probably refers to the region of Dan, which was west of Jerusalem. + +# the coming disaster is heard from the mountains of Ephraim + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people hear about the disaster that is coming from Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from Dan ... mountains of Ephraim + +By hearing that the the enemies had gotten to Dan and Ephraim, people in Jerusalem would understand that the enemies were getting closer to them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/16.md b/jer/04/16.md index d4719744d0..b6f22b56b6 100644 --- a/jer/04/16.md +++ b/jer/04/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## They will be like the watchmen of a cultivated field against her all around ## +# besiegers are coming -AT: "they will lay siege all around the city" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/siege]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Besiegers are soldiers who surround a city in order to keep the people in the city from being able to get supplies of food and water. -## Yahweh’s declaration ## +# They will be like the watchmen of a cultivated field against her all around -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Carefully guarding a city to keep people from going in and out is spoken of as if they are carefully watching a field to keep people from stealing from it. AT: "they will guard Jerusalem carefully like watchmen who carefully guard a cultivated field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## strike your very heart ## +# against her all around -AT: "crush everything you love" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. Jerusalem was often spoken of as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# she has been rebellious against me + +The word "she" refers to Jerusalem and represents the people of Jerusalem. The word "me" refers to Yahweh. AT: "the people of Jerusalem have been rebellious against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# your conduct and your deeds have done these things to you + +Here "conduct" and "deeds" are spoken of as if they are people that could do things. These abstract nouns can be expressed with the phrase "what you have done." AT: "These things are happening to you because of what you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# It will strike your very heart + +Here "heart" probably refers to the emotions, and "strike your very heart" probably refers to causing them to suffer terribly. AT: "It will be as if it strikes your very heart" or "It will cause you to suffer terrible anguish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/19.md b/jer/04/19.md index 905551989f..6f715e63c6 100644 --- a/jer/04/19.md +++ b/jer/04/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## My heart! My heart! I am in anguish in my heart. My heart is turbulent within me. ## +# My heart! My heart! -"I am in such pain, I am overwhelmed." +Here "heart" represents painful emotions, such as grief and fear. The phrase is repeated to express the intensity of the pain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## turbulent ## +# I am in anguish in my heart + +The speaker feels severe emotional pain that causes severe physical pain. + +# My heart is turbulent within me + +"My heart is beating wildly." Here "heart" refers to the body part. It is turbulent because it is beating much stronger and faster than normal. + +# turbulent full of confusion, violence, or disorder; not stable or steady -## Collapse after collapse is proclaimed ## +# Suddenly my tents are destroyed -"people tell of one city after another being destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Enemies have suddenly destroyed my tents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the land is suddenly devastated ## +# my curtains in a moment -"the enemy devastates the land" +The words "are destroyed" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "my curtains are destroyed in a moment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## my tabernacle and my tent ## +# my curtains -These two terms refer to the same place. They are repeated for emphasis. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) AT: "my home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Curtains are cloths that are hung to separate the rooms in the tents. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/21.md b/jer/04/21.md index 114cd75401..052524d9a6 100644 --- a/jer/04/21.md +++ b/jer/04/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## How long will I see the standard? Will I hear the sound of the horn? ## +# How long will I see the standard? Will I hear the sound of the horn? -These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: Parallelism and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) AT: "I wish this war would end soon." +Jeremiah uses these questions to show his distress about seeing the battle flag and hearing the sound of the horn for such a long time. He wishes that the battle would end soon. It can be stated as an exclamation. AT: "Oh, how I wish that the battle would end, and the flag would be lowered, and the sound of the army's horn would stop" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## idiotic people ## +# the standard + +"the battle flag" + +# the sound of the horn + +Someone would blow the horn as a signal for battle. + +# For the foolishness of my people ... do not know to do good + +It can be stated clearly that Yahweh says this. This is probably his reply to Jeremiah, telling why the battle is still happening. AT: "Yahweh replied, 'It is because of the foolishness of my people ... do not know to do good'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# idiotic people "stupid people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/23.md b/jer/04/23.md index e90a5fbca4..440571388a 100644 --- a/jer/04/23.md +++ b/jer/04/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## I saw the land, and see! ## +# General Information: -This is an invitation for Jeremiah to look at the vision God is giving him. +Jeremiah describes a vision that God gave him about things that would happen later. -## formless and empty ## +# Behold + +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# formless and empty This vision is a prophecy of what the land of Israel would be like after the people were all taken into captivity. -## Behold ## +# there was no light for the heavens -The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. \ No newline at end of file +"there were no lights in the sky" + +# all the cities had been pulled down + +"all the cities had been destroyed" or "all the cities were a heap of ruins" + +# before Yahweh, before the fury of his wrath + +This indicates that all these things would happen because Yahweh was so angry with the people of Judah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/27.md b/jer/04/27.md index 96e226eecd..262f4e3c04 100644 --- a/jer/04/27.md +++ b/jer/04/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## land will mourn, and the heavens above will darken ## +# All the land will become a devastation -Jeremiah emphasizes Yahweh's judgment by saying that the earth itself expresses great sorrow. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"All the land of Judah will be devastated" or "all the land of Judah will be ruined" -## cavalry ## +# the land will mourn, and the heavens above will darken + +Jeremiah emphasizes Yahweh's judgment by saying that the earth itself expresses great sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I will not hold back + +"I will not change my mind" + +# I will not turn from carrying them out + +Here "turn" represents deciding not to do what he said he would do. AT: "I will not change my mind about doing what I said I would do" or "I will not refuse to do what I planned to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Every city + +Here "city" represents the people living in the city. AT: "The people of every city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cavalry a group of soldiers riding horses -## every city will flee... every city will climb ## +# they will run into the forests -This emphasizes that all of the people will be running away. +They will run away to the forests for safety. -## The cities will be abandoned, for there will be no one to inhabit them ## +# The cities will be abandoned, for there will be no one to inhabit them -These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See” Parallelism) AT: "There will be no one left in the cities." \ No newline at end of file +These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. AT: "The cities will be empty. There will be no one left to live in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/30.md b/jer/04/30.md index 9c16b80f36..91969cb40d 100644 --- a/jer/04/30.md +++ b/jer/04/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,47 @@ -## you dress in scarlet... jewelry... eyes... with paint ## +# Connecting Statement: -"you dress like prostitutes" +Yahweh continues speaking to Judah. -## adorn ## +# General Information: -"decorate" or "add extras to make something appear more attractive or expensive" +Yahweh speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute because they were unfaithful to him by worshiping other gods. -## men who lusted for you now reject you ## +# Now that you have been devastated, what will you do? -This emphasizes that other nations Israel has depended on for wealth and business will reject them when they see God's judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This question is used to tell the people of Judah that there is nothing they can do to help themselves. AT: "Now that your enemies have devastated you, there is nothing you can do to find help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## distress as in the birth ## +# you dress in scarlet ... gold jewelry ... eyes ... with paint -"distress as in the pain and suffering a woman has while giving birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +God speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute making herself look beautiful in order to attract men to her. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Like a prostitute you dress in scarlet ... good jewelry ... eyes ... with paint" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## my heart is weary ## +# you dress in scarlet -"my life is worn out from grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "scarlet" represents expensive, red clothing. AT: "you wear expensive red clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# adorn yourself with gold jewelry + +"you put on gold jewelry" + +# men who lusted for you now reject you + +God speaks of the nations that Judah had depended on for wealth and business as if they were men who lusted after Judah. Those nations would reject Judah when they see God's judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are trying to take away your life + +Here "trying to take your life away" represents trying to kill the people of Judah. AT: "They are trying to kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# distress as in the birth + +This simile is used to show how greatly distressed Judah will be. AT: "severe distress as in the pain and suffering a woman has while giving birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the daughter of Zion + +God shows his love for the people of Jerusalem by speaking of them as a daughter. AT: "my dear daughter, Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Woe to me + +"I am in great danger" + +# I am fainting + +"I am becoming weak" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/04/intro.md b/jer/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eb15863522 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Jeremiah 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:1-3, 4-9, which are extended quotations. + +The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 3:19-4:3. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's punishment ##### +This chapter prophecies Yahweh's punishment on Judah. This should bring Judah to repentance, but it does not. It is also intended to make the nations fear the power of Yahweh and make them desire to worship him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/01.md b/jer/05/01.md index a08b79f515..f7f8420817 100644 --- a/jer/05/01.md +++ b/jer/05/01.md @@ -1,53 +1,43 @@ -Jeremiah is speaking to the people of Jerusalem. See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## Rush about through ## +Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"Hurry around in" +# Rush about through the streets -## then look and think about this ## +"Go quickly through the streets" + +# Then look and think about this "look and find out" -## city squares ## +# city squares -Broad and open places in a city where people can gather. +broad and open places in a city where people can gather -## If you can find a man or anyone ## +# who is acting justly -"Whether you can find one person" +"who does what is just" -## is acting justly ## - -"does what is just" - -## seeking the truth ## - -"seeks to be faithful" or "seeks to be honest" - -## Even if they ## +# Although they say The word "they" refers to the people of Jerusalem. -## by the life of Yahweh ## +# As Yahweh lives -People used this phrase when making an solemn oath in order to ask Yahweh to punish them if they broke the oath. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:1](../04/01.md). +"as surely as Yahweh is alive." The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/01.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## do your eyes not look for faithfulness ## +# do your eyes not look for faithfulness? -Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that what Yahweh really wants is faithfulness. AT: "you want people to be faithful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that what Yahweh really wants is faithfulness. Wanting people to be faithful is spoken of as looking for faithfulness. AT: "you look for faithfulness." or "you want people to be faithful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You struck the people, but they do not feel pain. ## +# You struck the people, but they do not feel pain. -AT: "You punish the people, but they do not pay attention." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God punished his people in various ways. Here it is spoken of as if he hit them. AT: "You punish the people, but they do not pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## have completely defeated ## +# they still refuse to receive discipline -"have completely destroyed" +Here "to receive discipline" represents learning from discipline to do what is right. AT: "they still refuse to learn their lesson" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to receive discipline ## +# They make their faces harder than rock -"to learn their lesson" - -## They make their faces harder than rock ## - -AT: "They became very stubborn." \ No newline at end of file +Hard faces represents the expression on their faces that shows that they are stubborn. The simile "harder than rock" shows that the people are extremely stubborn. AT: "They are extremely stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/04.md b/jer/05/04.md index 85c0c43f60..f8a2b1424e 100644 --- a/jer/05/04.md +++ b/jer/05/04.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## So I said ## +# So I said Jeremiah is speaking. -## But they all broke their yoke together; they all tore apart the chains that bound them to God. ## +# But they all broke their yoke together; they all tore apart the chains that bound them to God. The yoke and chains represent the law which bind God and his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## So a lion…A wolf...A lurking panther… ## +# So a lion ... A wolf ... A lurking panther -These are dangerous animals that can kill people. There are two possible meanings: 1. "Wild animals will come and kill people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 2. An enemy army will come and kill people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These are dangerous animals that can kill people. Possible meanings are that 1) this really is about wild animals killing people or 2) these wild animals are metaphors for enemy armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## thicket ## +# So a lion ... A wolf ... A lurking panther ... torn apart + +One possible meaning is that these are metaphors for enemy armies who will attack Judah. AT: "Like a lion from the thicket, a wolf from the Arabah, and a lurking panther, enemy armies will come against their cities, attack them, and destroy them. Anyone who goes outside his city will be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# thicket a set of bushes that grew closely together. -## wolf ## +# wolf -a wild dangerous dog +a large wild dangerous dog -## lurking ## +# lurking -"waiting" +watching for an opportunity to attack -## panther ## +# panther a large wild dangerous cat -## unlimited ## +# For their transgressions increase -not able to be counted \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "transgressions" can be translated with the verb "sin." AT: "For they sin much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Their acts of faithlessness are unlimited + +The abstract nouns in "acts of faithlessness" can be translated as "the faithless things they do." AT: "The faithless things they do are many" or "They do many faithless things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/07.md b/jer/05/07.md index 96590b3e55..83662f37b4 100644 --- a/jer/05/07.md +++ b/jer/05/07.md @@ -1,39 +1,47 @@ -## Why should I pardon these people ## +# Why should I pardon these people? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he has no reason to pardon these people. AT: "Because of the things that they do, I cannot pardon these people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## these people ## +# these people the people of Jerusalem -## Your sons ## +# Your sons -Yahweh is speaking to Jerusalem as though she were a woman who had children. AT: "The people of Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Yahweh is speaking to Jerusalem as though she were a woman who had children. Jerusalem's "sons" represent the people of Jerusalem. AT: "The people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## I fed them fully ## +# I fed them fully -"I gave them everything they needed." +Providing all they needed is spoken of as feeding them. AT: "I gave them everything they needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and took on the marks of a house of prostitution ## +# they committed adultery and walked in great numbers to the houses of prostitutes -"and went in large groups to the houses of prostitutes" +This may be a metaphor for being unfaithful to God and worshiping idols, but idol worship also included prostitution. AT: "they were unfaithful to me and went in large numbers to the houses of prostitutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in heat ## +# walked in great numbers to the houses of prostitutes -"that were ready to have sex" or "that were sexually aroused" +"went in large groups to the houses of prostitutes" or "large groups of them went to the houses of prostitutes" -## Each man neighed to his neighbor's wife ## +# They were horses in heat ... neighed to his neighbor's wife -Male horses neigh loudly to female horses when they want to have sex with them. AT: "Each man was trying to have sex with his neighbor's wife." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Because the God speaks of them as if they were horses that wanted to mate with other horses. AT: "They were like horses in heat ... neighed to his neighbor's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## So should I not punish them ## +# in heat -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy and stop himself from punishing them. AT: "Because they do these things, I will punish them." +ready to mate -## This is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# mate -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +when animals breed to reproduce -## Should my heart not avenge itself on a nation that is like this? ## +# Each man neighed to his neighbor's wife -AT: "I will certainly get revenge for myself against a nation that is like this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Male horses neigh loudly to female horses when they want to mate with them. AT: "Like horses who mate with more than one horse, these men wanted to sleep with other men's wives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So should I not punish them ... and should I not avenge myself on a nation that is like this? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. AT: "Because they do these things, I will punish them ... I will certainly get revenge for myself against them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/10.md b/jer/05/10.md index d1780708bd..eef11ea3ff 100644 --- a/jer/05/10.md +++ b/jer/05/10.md @@ -1,45 +1,55 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak. +# Connecting Statement: -## Go up onto her vineyards' terraces ## +Yahweh continues to speak. Here he speaks to the the enemies of Israel. -"Get up over her walls." Yahweh is comparing the city of Jerusalem to a vineyard that has a wall around it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Go up onto her vineyards' terraces -## Go up ## +In verses 10-13 Yahweh speaks to Israel's enemies. This can be made clear in the quotation. AT: "You enemies of Israel, go up onto her vineyards' terraces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of people living in Jerusalem. +# Go up onto her vineyards' terraces and destroy -## do not bring complete destruction to them ## +Yahweh speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were a vineyard and the people there were vines. AT: "Go up into Israel and Judah, which are like a vineyard to me, and destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not bring complete destruction to them "do not completely destroy them" -## Trim their vines, since those vines do not come from Yahweh ## +# Trim their vines, since those vines do not come from Yahweh -Yahweh compares how the enemies of Jerusalem will rid of her people to how people cut branches off of a vine. AT: "Get rid of all of the evil people because they do not come from Yahweh." +The word "their" refers to the vineyards. Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel and Judah as if they were vines. AT: "like farmers who trim the vines of a vineyard, you must remove many of the people of Israel and Judah, because they do not belong to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For the houses of Israel and Judah ## +# For the houses of Israel and Judah -AT: "For the people of Israel and Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for a person's descendants. In this case it refers to the people of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. AT: "For the people of Israel and Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## this is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## They have denied me ## +# They have spoken falsely about Yahweh and they said -This could also be translated as, "They have lied about me." +"They have spoken falsely about Yahweh by saying" -## He is not real ## - -"Yahweh does not exist." This could also be translated as "He will not do these things" or "He cannot do these things" - -## Evil will not come on us, nor will we see sword or famine ## +# no harm will come upon us, and we will not see sword or famine These two sentences say the same thing, the second is more specific than the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Evil will not come on us ## +# no harm will come upon us -This expression means "Bad things will not happen to us." +The idiom "come upon us" means "happen to us." AT: "No harm will happen to us" or "no one will harm us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## nor will we see sword or famine ## +# we will not see sword or famine -AT: "and we will not experience war or famine." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "see" is a metaphor for experience, and "sword" is a metonym for war. AT: "we will not experience war or famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The prophets will become wind + +Here "prophets" is a metonym that represents what the prophets say, and "wind" is a metaphor for something that does not do anything. AT: "The prophets words are just noisy wind" or "The prophets make noise like the wind, but what they prophesy will not happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the word is not in them + +Here "the word" refers to God's message. AT: "God's message is not in them" or "the messages that they speak are not from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so let what they say be done to them + +It can be stated clearly what kinds of things the prophets were talking about. AT: "so let the harm that the prophets talk about come to them" or "since the prophets say that bad things will happen to us, let those bad things happen to the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/14.md b/jer/05/14.md index 568381d1b2..7925fc2b5c 100644 --- a/jer/05/14.md +++ b/jer/05/14.md @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ -## Because you ## +# Because you The word "you" refers to the people of Israel and Judah. -## have said this ## +# have said this -See what the people said in [Jeremiah 5:10](./10.md). +See what the people said in [Jeremiah 5:12](./10.md). -## see ## +# see -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +"look" or "listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I am about to place my word in your mouth. It will be like a fire ## +# I am about to place my word in your mouth -"I am about to make the words that I have you speak for me into a fire" +Here "place my word in your mouth" represents causing Jeremiah to speak God's message. AT: "I will cause you to speak my message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in your mouth ## +# It will be like a fire, and this people will be like wood -The word "your" refers to Jeremiah. "for you to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh speaks of his message as if it were a fire, and of his people as if they were wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## this people ## +# For it will consume them -the people of Israel +"For my message will consume them." Yahweh's message was about how he would punish his people, so he speaks as if his message would destroy them as a fire destroys wood. AT: "For when you speak my message, it will destroy the people of Israel as fire destroys wood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## it will consume them ## - -"the fire will burn up the people of Israel" Yahweh's word will destroy the people like a fire burns wood. AT: "Because you will destroy the people of Israel when you speak my words." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## against you ## +# against you "to attack you." The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. -## house of Israel ## +# house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. Here God was speaking to them. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). AT: "Israelites" or "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## It is a lasting nation, an ancient nation ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -AT: “It is an old enduring nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## a lasting nation ## +# it is a lasting nation, an ancient nation + +These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how long the nation has existed. This refers to the nation from far away that Yahweh will bring against Israel. AT: "it is a very old and enduring nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# a lasting nation "an enduring nation" or "a very strong nation" -## It is a nation who language you do not know, nor will you understand what they say ## +# It is a nation whose language you do not know, nor will you understand what they say -AT: “It is a nation whose language you will not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the Israelites do not know the language of those people. It may imply that the Israelites have not had much contact with them. AT: "It is a nation whose language you will not understand at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/16.md b/jer/05/16.md index 8efcfa6e49..0a3a1f08dd 100644 --- a/jer/05/16.md +++ b/jer/05/16.md @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ -## Its quiver is like an open tomb ## +# Connecting Statement: -The arrows that come from the quiver kill very many people and send them to their grave. AT: "That nation will use arrow to kill very many people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## Its quiver ## +# Its quiver ... They are all soldiers -The word "Its" refers to the nation that Yahweh will bring to attack Israel. +Here "Its quiver" represents the enemy nation's army, and the arrows in the quiver represent the soldiers in the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## quiver ## +# quiver a container for holding arrows -## So your harvest will be consumed ## +# Its quiver is like an open tomb -AT: "So the army of that nation will eat what you expected to harvest." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +An open tomb is one that is prepared to have many dead bodies put in it. The enemy army will kill many people. AT: "That nation's army will use their arrows and kill many people" or "Because of the arrows of its army, many people will die and be buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## They will eat ## +# So your harvest will be consumed, your sons and daughters also, and your food + +Possible meanings are that 1) their harvest and their food that was for their sons and daughters would be consumed. AT: "So your harvest and your food for your sons and daughters will be consumed" or 2) their harvest, sons and daughters, and food would all be consumed. The idea of the sons and daughters being "consumed" would be a metaphor for killed. AT: "So your harvest and your food will be consumed, and your sons and daughters will be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So your harvest will be consumed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "So the army of that nation will eat the food that you expected to harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your sons and daughters also, and your food + +Possible meanings are that 1) the enemies would eat the food that the sons and daughters should eat, or 2) the enemies will destroy the sons and daughters and eat the food. + +# They will eat The word "They" refers to the army of that nation. -## They will batter down with a sword your fortified cities ## +# They will batter down with a sword your fortified cities -The sword represents all of the different weapons that people use in war. AT: "They will use their weapons to conquer your strong cities." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The sword is a synecdoche for all of the different weapons that people use in war. AT: "They will use their weapons to conquer your strong cities that you trusted to protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## that you trusted in ## +# your fortified cities + +Fortified cities had a wall around them to protect the people inside from their enemies outside. + +# that you trusted in "that you thought were strong enough to keep you safe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/18.md b/jer/05/18.md index 0b212e88a9..6bbdd4acff 100644 --- a/jer/05/18.md +++ b/jer/05/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## in those days ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Jeremiah. + +# in those days The phrase "those days" refers to the time when a distant nation will come and attack the people of Israel. -## this is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## do not intend to destroy ## +# do not intend to destroy "will not destroy" -## It will happen when you ## +# done all these things to us -"When you" or "When it happens that you" +The phrase "these things" refers to sending armies to attack them. AT: "done all these things to harm us" or "sent foreign armies to attack us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## all these things ## +# Just as you ... served foreign gods in your land, so you must also serve strangers -Yahweh sent a foreign army to attack Israel. - -## worshiped foreign gods ## - -Many versions translate, "served foreign gods," but here what is meant is worshiping them. \ No newline at end of file +Here "served foreign gods" represents worshiping foreign gods. God would punish them for serving foreign gods by making them serve foreign people. AT: "Because you ... worshiped foreign gods in your land, you will have to serve foreigners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/20.md b/jer/05/20.md index f1690f5da2..b7629265d2 100644 --- a/jer/05/20.md +++ b/jer/05/20.md @@ -1,53 +1,55 @@ -Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. +# Connecting Statement: -## Report this ## +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. + +# Report this "Tell this" -## house of Jacob ## +# the house of Jacob -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. Translate "house of Jacob" as in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). AT: "descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## let it be heard in Judah ## +# let it be heard in Judah -"announce it in Judah" +This can be expressed in active from. AT: "Let those in Judah hear it" or "announce it in Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## people! For idols have no will ## +# who have no understanding -"people that has no mind." AT: "people that cannot understand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"who do not understand" or "who understand nothing" -## there are eyes in them, but they cannot see. ## +# you cannot see -AT: "You have eyes but you do not understand what I am doing" +Here "cannot see" is a metonym for not understanding. AT: "you do not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## There are ears on them, but they do not hear ## +# you cannot hear -"AT: "You have ears but you do not understand what I am telling you" +Here "cannot hear" represents not understanding. "AT: "you do not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Do you not fear me... ## +# Do you not fear me ... face? -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people are extremely foolish because they do not fear Yahweh. AT: "It is foolish that you do not fear me..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people are extremely foolish because they do not fear Yahweh. AT: "It is foolish that you do not fear me ... face!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## or tremble before my face ## +# or tremble before my face -AT: "or shake with fear because of me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The trembling would be because of fear, and being "before my face" represents being aware of who God is. AT: "or shake with fear because of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I have placed a border of sand against the sea ## +# I have placed a border of sand against the sea "I placed the sand as the border for the sea" -## an ongoing decree that it does not violate ## +# an ongoing decree that it does not violate -"an everlasting limit that it cannot cross" +God speaks of the ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. AT: "an everlasting limit that it cannot cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## rises and falls ## +# rises and falls -"tosses back and forth" +"moves back and forth" -## not violate it ## +# it does not violate it -AT: "not succeed in overcoming the border." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the ocean does not violate my decree." God speaks of ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the the ocean were a person who obeys the law. AT: "it does not succeed in going past the border" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/23.md b/jer/05/23.md index 12dcac726d..e72daddb77 100644 --- a/jer/05/23.md +++ b/jer/05/23.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. -## has a stubborn heart ## +# this people has a stubborn heart. It turns -AT: "is stubborn and rebellious." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The people's heart represents their attitude toward God. If Yahweh is speaking to the people, this can also be expressed with the word "you." AT: "but you people have a stubborn heart. You turn" or "but you people are stubborn. You turn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## It turns away in rebellion and goes away ## +# It turns away in rebellion and goes away -"They turn away and go away." AT: "They do not obey or listen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The word "it" refers to the people. Here "goes away" represents disobeying God. AT: "They rebel and disobey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## say in their hearts ## +# they do not say in their hearts -AT: "think to themselves." +Here "their hearts" represent their thoughts, and "say" represents thinking. AT: "they do not think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest for us ## +# keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest for us -"and makes sure for us that the weeks of harvest happens when they are supposed to" +Here "keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest" represents making sure that those weeks happen at the right time. AT: "making sure for us that the weeks of harvest happen when they are supposed to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Your iniquities ## +# Your iniquities -The word "Your refers to the descendants of Jacob and the people of Judah. "your sins" +The word "Your" refers to the descendants of Jacob and the people of Judah. -## these things ## +# these things -the rains and the harvest \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the the rains and the harvests. + +# Your sins have stopped good from coming to you + +Good things "coming" represents good things happening. "Because of your sins, good things have stopped happening to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/26.md b/jer/05/26.md index 835af65a8a..cf49d59d30 100644 --- a/jer/05/26.md +++ b/jer/05/26.md @@ -1,29 +1,47 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak. -## For wicked men are found with my people ## +# For wicked men are found with my people -AT: "For I have found wicked men among my people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For I have found wicked men among my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they set a trap and catch people ## +# They watch as someone crouches to capture birds -AT: "They set things up so that they can take advantage of people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God speaks of wicked people wanting to harm someone as if they were waiting to capture birds. AT: "Like someone hiding and waiting to capture birds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## grow large and become rich ## +# they set a trap and catch people -"become powerful and rich" +God speaks of wicked people intentionally harming others as if they were setting a trap. AT: "They set things up so that they can take advantage of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they shine with well-being ## +# Like a cage full of birds, their houses are full of deceit -being** - "and sleek" or "and smooth." The people look smooth because their thick fat hides their bones. +Here "deceit" represents the things that were taken by deceit. AT: Like a cage full of birds that a hunter has caught, wicked people's houses are full of things that they have taken by deceiving people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They pass beyond all bounds of wickedness ## +# they grow large and become rich -"They do things that are even worse than evil." +Here "large" represents powerful. AT: "these wicked people become powerful and rich" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the cause of the orphan ## +# they shine with well-being -This refers to court cases in which orphans ask that justice be done. AT: "they do not support the court cases brought by orphans." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +Possible meanings are 1) their skin shines because of the healthy food they eat, or 2) their body is smooth because of the muscle and fat between their bones and skin. It indicates that they eat well. -## Should I not punish...that is like this ## +# They crossed over all bounds of wickedness -See how you translated "So should I not punish...that is like this" in [Jeremiah 5:7](./07.md). \ No newline at end of file +Doing all kinds of wicked things is spoken of as if there were a boundary separating some wicked things from things that are even more wicked. AT: "They do all kinds of wicked things" or "They even do the most wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They do not plead the cause of the people, or the cause of the orphan + +"They do not plead with the rulers to give the people and the orphans what they need" or "They do not plead with the rulers to give justice to the people and the orphans" + +# they have not given justice to the needy + +"they have not helped the needy by doing what is just for them" + +# Should I not punish ... a nation like this? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. See how you translated a similar sentence in [Jeremiah 5:9](./07.md). AT: "So I will punish them, this is Yahweh's declaration. I will certainly get revenge for myself against them."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/30.md b/jer/05/30.md index 2cb1e455ba..42ba30270c 100644 --- a/jer/05/30.md +++ b/jer/05/30.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak. -## Atrocities and horrors have occurred ## +# Atrocities and horrors have occurred -"A dreadful and awful thing has occurred" +This can be stated more actively. AT: "People do terrible and horrible things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## in the land ## +# in the land -AT: "in the land of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "the land" refers to the land of Israel.' AT: "in the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## prophesy with deceit ## +# The prophets prophesy with deceit, and the priests rule with their own power -"prophesy lies" +These are the atrocities and horrors that are spoken of in verse 30. -## with their own power ## +# The prophets prophesy with deceit -"according to the directions of the prophets" +"The prophets prophesy lies" or "The prophets tell lies when they prophesy" -## but what will happen in the end ## +# the priests rule with their own power -"but what will you do at the end of all of this?" Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people will regret being wicked when it results in punishment. AT: "but you will be in trouble and regret this wicked behavior when it ends with punishment?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the priests do not submit to God's authority. AT: "the priests rule by their own authority" or 2) the priests rule according to the directions of the prophets (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## in the end ## +# but what will happen in the end? -The phrase "the end" refers to the punishment that results from the wicked things that the people have done. \ No newline at end of file +"but what will you do at the end of all of this?" Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people will regret being wicked when he punishes them for it. AT: "but in the end I will punish you and you will be regret your wicked behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/05/intro.md b/jer/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a8a9cf84d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Jeremiah 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 5:1-31, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +##### Hyperbole ##### +It is possible that Yahweh is using the word "a" (meaning "even one") as hyperbole when he states, "If you can find a man or anyone who is acting justly and trying to act faithfully, then I will forgive Jerusalem." The purpose of this is to show how evil Jerusalem had become. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Yahweh asks several rhetorical questions in this chapter. This is intended to show Jeremiah the justness of his actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/01.md b/jer/06/01.md index 063e4087a4..fad4bb5745 100644 --- a/jer/06/01.md +++ b/jer/06/01.md @@ -1,57 +1,55 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking. -## Find safety ## +# Find safety ... by leaving Jerusalem -"Take refuge" +Here "Find safety" represents doing what they can in order to be safe. AT: "Be safe .. by leaving Jerusalem" or "Leave Jerusalem ... so that you can be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Blow a trumpet in Tekoa ## +# people of Benjamin -AT: "people living in the town of Takoa prepare to be attacked" +This is who Yahweh was speaking to. -## Tekoa ## +# Blow a trumpet in Tekoa -the name of a town about 18 km south of Jerusalem. The name means "a horn for blowing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +A trumpet is used as a warning that people will be attacked. AT: "Blow a trumpet in Tekoa to warn the people that they will be attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Raise up over Beth Hakerem a signal ## +# Tekoa -AT: "people living in the town of Beth Hakerem prepare to be besieged" +This is the name of a town about 18 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means "a horn for blowing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Beth Hakerem ## +# Raise up over Beth Hakkerem a signal -the name of a town about 10 km south of Jerusalem. The name means "the place of the vineyard." +Possible meanings are 1) the signal is smoke from a fire. AT: "Light a fire to send up smoke at Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming" or 2) the signal is a flag. AT: "Raise up a flag over the town of Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming" -## a signal ## +# Beth Hakkerem -AT: "a signal to warn people that danger is coming." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +the name of a town about 10 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means "the place of the vineyard." -## since wickedness is appearing ## +# wickedness is appearing from the north -AT: "since people see disaster coming." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "wickedness" represents disaster and the people who will cause it. AT: "enemies will come from the north and cause disaster to happen to you" or "enemies coming from the north will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a great crushing ## +# a great crushing is coming -"great destruction" +How the crushing will come can be stated clearly. AT: "Enemies will come and crush you" or "Enemies will come and destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I will destroy the daughter of Zion, the beautiful and delicate woman ## +# The daughter of Zion, the beautiful and delicate woman -This could also be translated as "I have compared the daughter of Zion with a beautiful and delicate woman." +Zion is another name for Jerusalem. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as though it were a woman. He speaks of it as a daughter to show his love for Jerusalem. AT: "My dear Zion, which is like a beautiful and delicate woman" or "My dear Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the daughter of Zion ## +# The shepherds and their flocks will go to them -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:30](../04/30.md). +Kings were often spoken of as shepherds of their people. AT: "The kings and their soldiers will go to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## daughter of Zion, the beautiful and delicate woman ## +# they will set up tents against her all around -Yahweh describes Jerusalem as though she were a woman. AT: "daughter of Zion who is like a beautiful and delicate woman." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The phrase "against her" means "in order to attack Zion." AT: "they will set up tents all around Zion in order to attack it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The shepherds and their flocks will go to them ## +# each man will shepherd -AT: The kings and their soldiers will surround Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God speaks of kings leading their armies to destroy the land, as if they were shepherds leading their sheep to eat grass. AT: "like a shepherd each king will lead his army" or "each king will lead his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## against her all around ## +# with his own hand -"near to her all around" - -## each man will shepherd with his own hand ## - -AT: "each king will attack with his own soldiers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" represents the portion of something someone his assigned to take in his hand. Here it refers to the portion of land the king is assigned to conquer. AT: "and conquer his portion of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/04.md b/jer/06/04.md index bd9956c411..23b6bc2f98 100644 --- a/jer/06/04.md +++ b/jer/06/04.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + A king from the attacking army is speaking to the men under his control. -## Prepare for battle with prayers and sacrifices ## +# Dedicate yourselves ... destroy her fortresses -The attacking army tries to ensure that their gods will help them during the war by performing ceremonies and making sacrifices. AT: "Prepare for war by purifying yourselves and sacrificing to the gods." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It can be stated clearly that the kings say this. AT: "The kings say to their armies, 'Dedicate yourselves ... destroy her fortresses'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Arise ## +# Dedicate yourselves to the gods for the battle + +The attacking army tries to ensure that their gods will help them during the war by performing ceremonies and making sacrifices to them. AT: "Prepare for war by purifying yourselves and sacrificing to the gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Arise "Get up" -## at noon ## +# let us attack at noon -AT: "at noon even though it is very hot." +"Let us attack Jerusalem at noon" -## the daylight is fading away ## +# It is too bad that the daylight is fading away, that the evening shadows are falling -"the day is ending" +The kings say this later in the day when they want their army to keep fighting even though it is getting dark. -## are falling ## +# the daylight is fading away -"are stretching out" +The end of the day is spoken of in terms of its light becoming dark. AT: "the day is ending" or "it is beginning to get dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## at night ## +# are falling -AT: "during the night even though it is dark." +"are stretching out" or "are getting longer" -## her fortresses ## +# at night -"the strong buildings of Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file +"during the night even though it is dark" + +# her fortresses + +People often spoke of cities as if they were women. Her the word "her" refers to Jerusalem. AT: "the strong buildings of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/06.md b/jer/06/06.md index 63ad10cab9..977ab3bbc4 100644 --- a/jer/06/06.md +++ b/jer/06/06.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## Cut her trees ## +# Yahweh of hosts says this -"Cut down the trees." Yahweh is speaking to the army that will attack Jerusalem. +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. -## siegeworks ## +# Cut her trees -"siege mounds." These are mounds of dirt that will allow the enemy to attack the walls of Jerusalem. +God says this to the army that will attack Jerusalem. The word "her" refers to Jerusalem; cities were often spoken of as if they were women. AT: "Cut down the trees outside of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## because it is filled with oppression ## +# heap up siegeworks against Jerusalem -"because its people are always oppressing each other" +Siegeworks are either high mounds of dirt or high ramps made of wood that the enemies build outside the city wall in order go on top of the wall and attack the people inside the city. -## Just as a well keeps giving water, so this city keeps producing wickedness ## +# because it is filled with oppression -A well is supposed to keep producing water. Like a well remains with its water, Jerusalem has remained with its wickedness, even when Yahweh punishes it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +Here "it is filled with oppression" represents people there always oppressing people. AT: "because its people are always oppressing each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Violence and disorder are heard in her ## +# As a well pours out fresh water, so this city keeps producing wickedness -AT: "I hear violence and robbery in her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "this city keeps producing wickedness" represents people in the city continuing to do wicked things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Suffering and plague are continually before me ## +# Violence and disorder are heard within her -AT: "I constantly see sickness and suffering." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I hear violence and disorder in her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Accept discipline, Jerusalem ## +# sickness and wounds are continually before my face -Yahweh speaks to Jerusalem as though she was a person. AT: "Learn from your punishment, you people of Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These things being "before" God's face represents him seeing them. AT: "I constantly see sickness and wounds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## an uninhabited land ## +# Accept discipline, Jerusalem ... make you into a ruin, an uninhabited land + +Here God speaks to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the city itself. AT: "Accept discipline, you people of Jerusalem ... make your land into a ruin, an uninhabited land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Accept discipline + +"Accept discipline" is a metaphor for learning from discipline. AT: "Learn from your discipline" or "When I punish you, learn to do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# an uninhabited land "a land that has no people living in it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/09.md b/jer/06/09.md index cfc2b92968..f9173d7657 100644 --- a/jer/06/09.md +++ b/jer/06/09.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## They will certainly glean those who are left in Israel like a vineyard ## +# They will certainly glean those who are left in Israel like a vineyard -Yahweh compares the people who remain after the enemy has already destroyed Israel to grapes that are left in a vineyard that people have already harvested. AT: "They will certainly come back to attack the people who remain in Israel after they have already destroyed it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of the enemy attacking those who remain as if the enemy were to pick grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. AT: "After destroying Israel, they will certainly come back to attack the people who are still alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They will certainly ## +# They will certainly The word "They" refers to the enemy that Yahweh sends to destroy Israel. -## Reach out again ## +# Reach out again with your hand to pick grapes from the vines -Yahweh is speaking to the enemies who attack Israel. +Yahweh commands the enemy to attack those who remain in Israel as if the enemy were pick to grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. AT: "Come back and attack the people of Israel who remain" or "Like people who reach out again to pick grapes from vines that they have already harvested, come back and attack the people who remain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Reach out again with your hand to pick grapes from the vines ## +# To whom should I declare and warn so they will listen -AT: "Come and attack the people of Israel who remain." +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that none of the people of Israel would listen to him even after they survived the attack of their enemies. AT: "There is no one left for me to speak to and warn who might listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## To whom should I ## +# Look -Jeremiah is speaking. +"Listen" or "Indeed." This word adds emphasis to what follows. -## To whom should I declare and warn so they will listen ## +# Their ears are uncircumcised -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that none of the people of Israel would listen to him even after they survived the attack of their enemies. AT: "There is no one left for me to speak to and warn who might listen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This represents their stubborn unwillingness to listen to God. AT: "Their ears are closed" or "They refuse to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Look ## +# Their ears -Yahweh uses the word "Look" to emphasize what he is saying. +The word "Their" refer to the people of Israel. -## their ears are uncircumcised ## +# The word of Yahweh has come to them -AT: "they refuse to listen/obey." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to them. He did this through his prophets. AT: "Yahweh has sent messages to them" or "Yahweh has spoken to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## their ears ## +# they do not want it -The word "their" refer to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +"they do not want to listen to the word of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/11.md b/jer/06/11.md index 71f08d0206..2b867b875b 100644 --- a/jer/06/11.md +++ b/jer/06/11.md @@ -1,39 +1,39 @@ -## But I ## +# But I am filled with Yahweh's fury -Jeremiah is speaking. +Jeremiah is speaking. He feels the same anger that Yahweh feels, and he speaks of being extremely angry as if he were filled with anger. AT: "I am completely angry as Yahweh is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## am filled with Yahweh's fury ## +# I am tired of holding it in -AT: "am completely angry together with Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Jeremiah speaks of not showing Yahweh's anger as if he were holding the anger inside himself. AT: "I am tired from not expressing this anger" or "I am tired of not doing anything about this anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I am tired of holding it in ## +# Pour it out on the children in the streets and on the groups of young men -AT: "I am tired from not expressing the anger of Yahweh" +God speaks of punishing the people of Israel as if his anger were a liquid that he wanted Jeremiah to pour out on them. AT: "In anger punish the children in the streets and the groups of young men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Pour it out on the children in the streets ## +# For every man will be taken away with his wife -"The children in the streets" stands for all children in the city. AT: "Express my anger to the children in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Because enemies will capture every man with his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For every man will be taken away with his wife ## +# every old person heavy with years -AT: "Because enemies will capture even a man with his wife." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The words "will be taken" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "every old person heavy with years will be taken" or "they will take every old person heavy with years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## every old person together with every very aged person ## +# every old person heavy with years -AT: "They will capture every senior person along with the very old person." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The phrase "heavy with years" is an idiom that means "very old." It reinforces the phrase "old person." AT: "every very old person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## will be turned over to others ## +# Their houses will be turned over to others -"will become the possession of other people" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Their houses will become the possession of other people" or "There people will take their houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## both their fields and their wives together ## +# both their fields and their wives together -AT: "both their fields and their women will become the possession of other people." +The phrase "will be turned over to others" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "and their their fields and their women will also be turned over to others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## For I will attack the inhabitants of the land with my hand ## +# For I will attack the inhabitants of the land with my hand -AT: "For I will use my strength to attack the people living in the land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "my hand" represents Yahweh's power. Here it shows that when the armies attack Israel, it is because Yahweh caused them to do it. AT: "For by my power I will attack the people living in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## This is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/13.md b/jer/06/13.md index 63d287ce88..78dd5d20c9 100644 --- a/jer/06/13.md +++ b/jer/06/13.md @@ -1,39 +1,51 @@ -## from their smallest to their greatest ## +# that from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy -AT: "all the people of Israel that remain, from the least powerful to the most powerful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +The phrase "from the least to the greatest" shows that all the people of Israel are included in the phrase "all of them," regardless of how important they are. AT: "all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and every one else, are greedy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## is greedy for dishonest gain ## +# the least -"does bad things to other people in order to get money" +This refers to the least powerful and least important people. AT: "the least powerful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## heal ## +# the greatest -"fix" or "solve" +This refers to the most powerful and most important people. AT: "the greatest people" or "the most powerful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## the brokenness of my people ## +# all of them -"the severe problem that my people has" +"all of the people of Israel" -## only lightly ## +# are greedy for dishonest gain -The prophets and the priests treat the sins of the people of Israel as though they were a small wound. AT: "as though it were not serious." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The abstract noun "gain" can be expressed with the phrases "get more money" or "get more things." AT: "want to get more money by lying to people" or "strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## ‘Peace! Peace!’ when there is no peace ## +# all of them practice deceit -"'All is well! All is well!' but it is not well" +"all of them deceive people" or "all of them are liars" -## Were they ashamed when they committed abominations? ## +# They have healed the wounds of my people lightly -"They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. AT: "They act as though my people's problems are not serious, like small wounds" or 2) the wounds represent the people's sin. AT: "They acts as though my people's sins are not serious, like small wounds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They were not ashamed at all, they did not experience any humility ## +# They have healed the wounds ... lightly -These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) "they were not ashamed of what they did" +Here "lightly" represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will fall ## +# 'Peace, Peace,' when there is no peace -AT: "will be killed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"'All is well, All is well,' but it is not well" -## will be overthrown ## +# Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations? -"will stumble." AT: "will perish" or "will lose their power and become helpless." \ No newline at end of file +God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. AT: "They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they did not know how to blush + +When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red. AT: "their faces did not even turn red" + +# they will fall among the fallen + +Here "fall" represents being killed. AT: "they will be killed along with the others who are killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will be brought down when they are punished + +Here "will be brought down" represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will destroy them when I punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/16.md b/jer/06/16.md index bf15ffaee6..89d47bea8b 100644 --- a/jer/06/16.md +++ b/jer/06/16.md @@ -1,55 +1,71 @@ -## Stand at the road crossing ## +# Yahweh says this -Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. +It can be stated clearly who Yahweh says this to. AT: "Yahweh says this to the people of Israel" or "Yahweh says this to his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Stand at the road crossing…We will not go ## +# Stand at the road crossing ... We will not go -The paths and roads refer to the way that people live their lives. Yahweh wants the people of Israel to ask what would be a good way to live their lives and for them to live that way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The roads and pathways refer to ways that people live their lives. Yahweh wants the people of Israel to ask what is the good way to live their lives and for them to live that way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## ask for the ancient pathways ## +# the road crossing -"ask about what your ancestors did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to the place where two roads meet. -## and find a resting place for your soul ## +# ask for the ancient pathways -"and you will find rest for yourselves" +The ancient pathways represent their ancestors's behavior, how their ancestors lived long ago. AT: "ask about the pathways that your ancestors walked on" or "ask about how your ancestors behaved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I appointed for you watchmen …will not listen ## +# Where is this good way -Yahweh describes the prophets as watchmen who were sent to warn the people of danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "this good way" represents the good way to live. AT: "What is the good way to live" or 2) "this good way" represents the way to live that results in blessings. AT: "Where is the way to what is good" or "What is the way to live that results in blessing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## appointed for you ## +# Then go on it + +"Then walk on that path." Going on that path represents living that way. AT: "Then live that way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We will not go + +This represents not living that way. AT: "We will not live that way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I appointed for you watchmen to listen for the trumpet + +Yahweh speaks of his prophets as if they were watchmen who were sent to warn the people of danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# appointed for you The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. -## to listen for the trumpet ## +# to listen for the trumpet -"listen to the sound of the trumpet." Yahweh is commanding the people of Israel to pay attention to the warning that he gave them through the prophets. +"to listen to the sound of the trumpet." Yahweh speaks of his warning messages to his prophets as if the messages were a trumpet being blown to warn people about the danger that would come. The prophets were to listen to the warning and tell the people about it. -## Therefore, nations, listen! See, you witnesses, what will happen to them. Hear, earth! See ## +# Therefore, nations, listen! See, you witnesses, what will happen to them. Hear, earth! See -These three sentences all are telling the people of other nations to witness what Yahweh will do to the rebellious people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) "You other nations see what I will do to my people" +These three sentences all are telling the people of other nations to witness what Yahweh will do to the rebellious people of Judah. AT: "You other nations, see what I will do to my people"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## I am about to bring disaster to this people ## +# Therefore, nations, listen! + +"Therefore, nation, listen to what I am about to say!" + +# I am about to bring disaster to this people "soon I will punish these people severely" -## you witnesses ## +# you witnesses "you who are witnesses" -## will happen to them ## +# will happen to them The word "them" refers to the people of Israel. -## Hear, earth ## +# Hear, earth -AT: "Hear, people that live on the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "earth" represents the people of the earth. AT: "Hear, people that live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the fruit of their thoughts ## +# the fruit of their thoughts -Yahweh uses the word "fruit" as a way of referring to the result of their thoughts. AT: "the disaster is the consequence of their thoughts." +Here the word "fruit" represents results or consequences. AT: "the consequences of their thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They paid no attention to my word or law, but they instead rejected it ## +# They paid no attention to my word or law, but they instead rejected it -"They did not obey what I told them to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "paid no attention to my word" refers to not listening to what God said, and "rejected it" refers to refusing to obey God's law. AT: "They did not listen to what I said. Instead they disobeyed my law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/20.md b/jer/06/20.md index 2f392aa782..4b4c62bb51 100644 --- a/jer/06/20.md +++ b/jer/06/20.md @@ -1,39 +1,43 @@ -## What does this frankincense going up from Sheba mean to me? Or these sweet smells from a distant land? ## +# What does this frankincense going up from Sheba mean to me? Or these sweet smells from a distant land? -AT: "I do not want frankincense from Sheba or the good smelling oil from a land far away." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +God uses these questions to rebuke the people. AT: "Frankincense from Sheba and sweet smelling cane from a distant land mean nothing to me." or "I do not want your burnt offerings of frankincense from Sheba or sweet smelling cane from a distant land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## these sweet smells ## +# these sweet smells -This sweet smells were used to worship God at the temple. +People would burn sweet smelling cane as an offering to God. -## are not acceptable to me ## +# are not acceptable to me "do not please me" or "do not make me happy" -## See ## +# See -The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I am about to place a stumbling block against this people ## +# I am about to place a stumbling block against this people -"I am about to put obstacles in front of this people." Yahweh describes the difficulties that he will give to the people of Israel as "stumbling blocks." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"I am about to put obstacles in front of this people." Yahweh speaks of the troubles that he will make happen to the people of Israel as if they were a blocks that people stumble over. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## stumbling blocks ## +# They will stumble over it -difficulties +Here "stumble over it" represents being harmed by the troubles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## over it ## +# fathers and sons together -"over them" +The phrase "will stumble" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "fathers and sons will both stumble" or "fathers and sons will both be hurt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## fathers and sons together ## - -AT: "fathers and sons with both stumble." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) - -## Inhabitants and their neighbors ## +# Inhabitants and their neighbors "Neighbors and their friends" -## been stirred up to come from a distant land ## +# a people is coming -"has become active in order to come from places far to the north" \ No newline at end of file +Their purpose can be made clear. AT: "a people is coming to attack you" or "an army is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a great nation + +Here "nation" represents the army of the nation. AT: "the army of a great nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# is being stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth + +Being "stirred up" represents preparing to do something. AT: "is being prepared to come from a distant land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/23.md b/jer/06/23.md index 83403132be..7ea88cfeba 100644 --- a/jer/06/23.md +++ b/jer/06/23.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## They will pick up ## +# They will pick up bows and spears -"They will be holding." The word "They" refers to the people in the army of the nation that will come from the north. +"The soldiers will carry bows and spears" -## Their sound is like the sea roar ## +# Their sound is like the sea roar -AT: "The sound that they make is a loud roar like the sound of the ocean." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the ocean. AT: "The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the ocean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## in formation as fighting men ## +# they are riding on horses, set out in order as men for battle -"the army is organized so that the men are ready for battle" +The phrase "set out in order" means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase "as men for battle" indicates that they are ready to fight. AT: "they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## daughter of Zion ## +# We have heard -"against you, daughter Zion" or "in order to attack you, daughter of Zion." See how you translated "daughter of Zion" in [Jeremiah 4:30](../04/30.md). +The word "We" probably refers to Jeremiah and the people of Judah. -## We have heard ## +# our hands fall limp in distress -The word "We" probably refers Jeremiah speaking for all the people of Judah. +"our hands are weak because we are anxious" -## fall limp in distress ## +# Anguish seizes us -"are limp because we are anxious" +Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if the anguish grabs them. AT: "We feel terrible anguish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Anguish seizes us ## +# as a woman giving birth -AT: "We are in anguish." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## as a woman bearing a child ## - -"like a woman who is giving birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. AT: "like a woman who is about to give birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/25.md b/jer/06/25.md index de889007e6..cc58be9202 100644 --- a/jer/06/25.md +++ b/jer/06/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -This is probably Yahweh speaking to the daughter of Zion who represents all of the people of Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## Daughter of my people ## +Jeremiah speaks to the people of Jerusalem. Some versions interpret this as Yahweh speaking to the people of Jerusalem. -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). +# for the swords of the enemy and terror are all around -## fasten on sackcloth and roll about in the dust of a funeral for an only child. ## +The phrase "swords of the enemy" represents the enemy with their swords ready to attack. The abstract noun "terror" refers to things that cause people to be frightened and can be translated with an adjective. AT: "For the enemy is everywhere with their swords and everyone else is terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"Be very sad" +# Daughter of my people -## for the destroyer will come suddenly upon us ## +Jeremiah shows Yahweh's love for his people by speaking to them as a daughter. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). AT: "My people, you who are like a daughter to me" or "My dear people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). -"because the enemy army will suddenly come to attack us." Jeremiah says these words to the people of Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +# put on sackcloth and roll in ashes + +People do these things to show that they are extremely sad. AT: "Show how sad you are by wearing sackcloth and rolling in ashes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# mourn with painful sobs as for an only son + +Jeremiah compares the people's great sadness to the sadness that a mother feels if her only son dies. AT: "mourn with painful sobs as you would if your only son died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# for the destroyer will suddenly come upon us + +"because the enemy army will suddenly come to attack us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/27.md b/jer/06/27.md index 453bfe0422..cfe0591d8a 100644 --- a/jer/06/27.md +++ b/jer/06/27.md @@ -1,37 +1,47 @@ -Yahweh is speaking. +# General Information: -## one who tests my people like one would test metal ## +Yahweh is speaking to Jeremiah. God speaks of the people of Israel being very sinful as if they were silver that was full of impurities. God speaks of punishing Israel to make them stop sinning as if he were boiling silver and lead in a hot fire in order to remove the impurities from the silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"a person who will test my people." Yahweh is comparing Jeremiah to a person who tests silver to find out how pure it is. The people are like the silver that Jeremiah is testing and their sins are the impurities in the silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# one who tests my people like one would test metal -## will inspect ## +Yahweh compares Jeremiah testing his people to a person who tests metal to see how good it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -"will discover" +# their ways -## their ways ## +"their behavior" or "how they live" -AT: "the things that they do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## who go about slandering others ## +# who go about slandering others "and constantly slander other people" -## bronze and iron ## +# All of them are bronze and iron -Neither of these metals are the silver that Yahweh wants. Silver represents the righteousness that Yahweh desires. AT: "impure and wicked." +Bronze and iron are hard metals. Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they were hard like bronze and iron. AT: "All of them are hard like bronze and iron" or "All of them are stubborn, as hard as bronze and iron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them; the lead is consumed in the flames ## +# The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them; the lead is consumed in the flames -The fire that refines the silver is so hot that it burns the bellows. (Bellows are a device used to blow large amounts of air into a burning fire.) A refiner adds lead to silver ore in order to draw out impurities, but the refiner has run out of lead. These phrases emphasize that the refiner is working very hard to refine the silver. +God speaks of punishing his people as if they were silver and he was boiling the silver in a very hot fire. These phrases emphasize that the the one boiling the metal was working very hard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The refining continues among them ## +# The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them -"The refiner continues to refine" +The fire is so hot that it burns the bellows. This can be stated in active form. This very hot fire represents God's judgment. AT: "The fire is so hot that it scorches the bellows" or "The punishment is so severe that it is like a fire that even burns the bellows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## because the evil is not removed ## +# The bellows are scorched -AT: "because the bad parts do not go away." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Bellows are a tool used to blow large amounts of air into a burning fire to make the fire hotter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## They will be called rejected silver ## +# the lead is consumed in the flames -AT: "People will call them 'worthless silver'" \ No newline at end of file +The silver has so many impurities in it that the lead is used up before it can remove them all. This represents the people of Israel being so full of sin, that they continue to sin even after God punishes them. AT: "the silver is so full of impurities, that the lead that is used to remove them is used up" or "they are like silver that is so full of impurities that the lead cannot remove them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The refining continues among them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will continue to refine them" or "You will continue to try to purify them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because the evil is not removed + +God speaks of Israel continuing to be evil as if they were silver and the impurities remained in the silver. This can be stated in active form. AT: "because the evil remains" or "the impurities remain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will be called rejected silver + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will call the people of Israel 'worthless silver'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/06/intro.md b/jer/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a346cd37da --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Jeremiah 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 6:1-30, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Gods and battle ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was commonly believed that a nation's gods were responsible for military victory. It may have been believed that a god would not defend an evil city. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/01.md b/jer/07/01.md index 463f88dc0e..516d57df23 100644 --- a/jer/07/01.md +++ b/jer/07/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## This is the word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh ## +# The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh -"This is the message that Yahweh sent to Jeremiah" +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said," or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## this word ## +# all you of Judah -the message that Yahweh is just about to give to Jeremiah - -## Stand...Say ## - -Yahweh is giving these commands to Jeremiah. - -## to worship Yahweh ## - -"in order to worship Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +"all you people of Judah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/03.md b/jer/07/03.md index e3bddc1955..dd5425bdab 100644 --- a/jer/07/03.md +++ b/jer/07/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -This is the message that Yahweh wants Jeremiah to give to the people of Judah. +# Connecting Statement: -## Make your ways and practices good ## +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -"Lead a good life and do good deeds" +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -## this place ## +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -This refers to the land of Israel, which has the temple as its center. +# Make your ways and practices good, and I will let you continue -## Do not entrust yourself to deceitful words and say ## +"If you improve your ways and your practices, then I will let you continue" -"Do not let yourselves trust in false words by saying" +# in this place -## Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! ## +This means in the land of Judah, not in the temple. -The people repeat this phrase three times to emphasize the point. It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh, he will be able to protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. AT: "This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one can destroy it and we are safe." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Do not entrust yourself to deceitful words and say + +The reflexive pronoun "yourself" emphasizes the personal risk to the Israelites. AT: "Do not trust in deceitful words to protect you, saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! + +It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh and represents his presence, he will protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. Possible meanings for why "Temple of Yahweh" is repeated three times are 1) it was repeated for emphasis or 2) it was repeated as part of a temple liturgy. AT: "This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one will destroy it and we are safe." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/05.md b/jer/07/05.md index 07dfad3e3d..9974139b8e 100644 --- a/jer/07/05.md +++ b/jer/07/05.md @@ -1,45 +1,43 @@ -These are Yahweh's words to the people of Judah. +# Connecting Statement: -## if you completely ## +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -"if you actually" +# make your ways and practices good -## make your ways and practices good ## +"improve your ways and practices." See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:3](./03.md). -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:3](./03.md). +# completely execute justice -## if you completely execute justice ## +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated using the verb "judge." AT: "judge rightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"if you treat people fairly" +# do not exploit the one -## if you do not exploit the one staying ## +"treat fairly the foreigner" -"treat fairly the foreigners who are staying" +# orphan -## orphan ## +child whose parents have died -children whose fathers has died +# pour out innocent blood -## do not pour out innocent blood ## +Here pouring out innocent blood represents killing those not deserving death. AT: "kill innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "do not kill innocent people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# walk after other gods -## do not walk after ## +Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. AT: "serve other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "do not worship." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# to your own harm -## to your own harm ## +This is an idiom. AT: "for that will ruin you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"so that bad things happen to you" +# in this place -## this place ## +Here "this place" refers to the land of Judah. -This refers to the land of Israel, which has the temple as its center. +# will let you stay -## will let you stay ## +"will let you continue to live" -"will let you live" +# from ancient times and forever -## and forever ## - -"and forever into the future" \ No newline at end of file +"from ancient times and continually." This means Yahweh gave the land to the people of Judah to be their permanent possession. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/08.md b/jer/07/08.md index c4c498b960..2ec7414738 100644 --- a/jer/07/08.md +++ b/jer/07/08.md @@ -1,33 +1,51 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Judah through the prophet Jeremiah. +# Connecting Statement: -## Behold! ## +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -The word "Behold!" shows that the following questions are very important. +# General Information: -## You are trusting in deceitful words that do not help you. ## +The word "you" in these verses refers to the people of Judah. -AT: "You think that I will save Jerusalem because I will protect my temple. But that is a lie!" +# Behold! -## Do you steal, kill, and commit adultery? ## +The word "Behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the information that follows. -AT: "You steal, kill, and commit adultery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Do you steal, kill, and commit adultery? Do you swear ... and walk after other gods whom you have not known? -## And do you swear deceitfully and offer incense to Baal and walk after other gods whom you have not known? ## +These questions expect a positive answer to make the point that God knows the sins they are committing. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You steal, kill, and commit adultery. You swear ... and walk after other gods whom you have not known." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "You lie even in your oaths and worship Baal and other new gods." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# swear deceitfully -## Then do you come and stand before me in this house where my name is proclaimed and say, ‘We are saved,” so you can do all of these abominations? ## +"lie even in your oaths" -AT: "Then you come to my house and say 'Yahweh will save us" so that you can continue to sin greatly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# walk after other gods -## Is not this house ... a den of bandits in your eyes? ## +Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:6](./05.md). AT: "serve other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "This house is ... a den of bandits in your eyes!" or "You act as though you think my house ... should be a place where bandits can go to hide!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Then do you come and stand ... so you can do all of these abominations? -## bandits ## +This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows the hypocrisy of their words and actions. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Then you come and stand ... so you can do all of these abominations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"robbers" or "people who steal things from others" +# house that is called by my name -## Yahweh’s declaration ## +This is a metonym for Yahweh's temple. It can be expressed in active form. AT: "house that belongs to me" or "temple where you worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -See how you translated this in [:en:bible:notes:jer:01:07]]. \ No newline at end of file +# Is this house, which carries my name, a den of bandits in your eyes? + +This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows what they think about Yahweh's temple. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "This house, which carries my name, is a den of bandits in your eyes!" or "You act as though you think this house, which is called by my name, should be a place where bandits can go to hide!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this house, which carries my name + +Yahweh's temple is spoken of as if it was carrying the name of Yahweh. This has a similar meaning to "this house that is called by my name" in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# bandits + +"robbers." This word refers to violent men who steal and destroy. + +# But behold, I have seen it + +"But I certainly have seen what you are doing" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/12.md b/jer/07/12.md index 7827dffb3d..5ed8db9bb5 100644 --- a/jer/07/12.md +++ b/jer/07/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak to Judah through the prophet Jeremiah. +# Connecting Statement: -## So go to ## +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -AT: "So remember" or " So think about" +# General Information: -## on account of your doing all of these practices ## +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the people of Judah. -"because you were doing all of those things" +# my place that was in Shiloh, where I allowed my name to stay there in the beginning -## time and time again ## +Here "where I allowed my name to stay" is an idiom that means this was a place where Yahweh was worshiped. AT: "the place in Shiloh where I first allowed my people to worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"again and again" \ No newline at end of file +# on account of your doing all of these practices + +"because you were doing all these things" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# time and time again + +This hendiadys is also an idiom that means something is done many times. AT: "repeatedly" or "persistently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this house that is called by my name + +This is a metonym for Yahweh's temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:10](./08.md). AT: "this house that belongs to me" or "this temple where you worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/16.md b/jer/07/16.md index 99fa40d10e..cb4ebbba6d 100644 --- a/jer/07/16.md +++ b/jer/07/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## do not pray for this people, and do not lift up a lamenting wail or say a prayer on their behalf, and do not petition me ## +# General Information: -These four clauses say the same thing. AT: "do not pray to me asking me to bless these people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about the people of Judah. In these verses, "this people" refers to the people of Judah. -## lift up a lamenting wail ## +# do not pray for this people, and do not lift up a lamenting wail or say a prayer on their behalf, and do not petition me + +These four clauses each mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# lift up a lamenting wail "cry out with sadness" -## on their behalf ## +# on their behalf -"for their benefit" or "in their interest" +"for their benefit" or "for them" -## do not petition me ## +# petition me -"do not ask me" +"plead with me" -## will provoke me ## +# Do you not see what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem? + +This question expects a positive answer and is asked to bring these things to Jeremiah's attention. They can be expressed as a statement. AT: "Look at what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# kindling the fire + +"starting the fire" + +# kneading dough + +mixing dough by hand + +# dough + +a thick mixture of flour and liquid used for baking + +# the queen of the heavens + +This was the name of a false god. AT: "the false god known as 'the queen of the heavens'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will provoke me "will anger me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/19.md b/jer/07/19.md index 88e91195ee..5bf4ee11f1 100644 --- a/jer/07/19.md +++ b/jer/07/19.md @@ -1,31 +1,47 @@ -## Truly provoking me...they are provoking ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Truly troubling me...they are troubling" +Yahweh continues to speak to Jeremiah about the people of Judah. -## Are they truly provoking me? ## +# General Information: -AT: "They are not really troubling me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +In these verses, "they" and "themselves" refer to the people of Judah. -## Is it not themselves whom they are provoking, so that shame is on them? ## +# Are they truly provoking me? -AT: "They trouble themselves by their shameful behavior." +This question expects a negative answer. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "They are not really provoking me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## See ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -This word call attention to what follows, AT: "Listen carefully because this is important" +Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were another person so that Jeremiah and the people of Judah will listen carefully to what he says. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what Yahweh has said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## my anger and wrath will gush out onto this place ## +# is it not themselves whom they are provoking, so that shame is on them? -AT: "I will punish the people of this place." +This question expects a positive answer. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "they are provoking themselves, so that shame is on them!" or "they are troubling and bringing shame on themselves!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## anger and wrath ## +# shame is on them -These words have similar meaning and the two are use for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The abstract noun "shame" can be translated using the verb "shamed." AT: "they are shamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## It will burn ## +# See -The word "it" refers to "Yahweh's anger and wrath". +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## never be extinguished ## +# my anger and wrath will gush out onto this place -"never stop burning" or "never stop being angry" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were something that could be poured out. AT: "I will punish this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# anger and wrath + +These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of Yahweh's anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# gush out + +"pour out" + +# It will burn and never be extinguished + +Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could not be put out. AT: "No one will will be able to stop my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# never be extinguished + +"never stop burning" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/21.md b/jer/07/21.md index d809f5cd40..910390d514 100644 --- a/jer/07/21.md +++ b/jer/07/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## Add your burnt offerings to your sacrifices and the meat from them. ## +# Connecting Statement: -Although ​ Yahweh required sacrifices, ​he no longer wanted ​their sacrifices ​because the people remained disobedient after coming to the Temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. + +# General Information: + +In these verses, "you" and "your" refer to the people of Judah. + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# Add your burnt offerings to your sacrifices and the meat from them + +This is an ironic statement emphasizing that none of their sacrifices were acceptable to Yahweh. AT: "Go ahead and eat the burnt offerings along with your sacrifices and meat from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# Listen to my voice + +Here listening to Yahweh's voice means to both hear his words and obey what he says. AT: "Hear and obey what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# walk in all the ways that I am commanding you + +Yahweh speaks of obeying his commands as if one were walking in them, like person would walk along a road. AT: "do everything that I am commanding you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/24.md b/jer/07/24.md index eedc9f93fe..ede2591f65 100644 --- a/jer/07/24.md +++ b/jer/07/24.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -Yahweh continues to remind the people of Judah of the way that the people of Israel rebelled. +# Connecting Statement: -## by their own stubborn plans of their wicked hearts ## +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. + +# General Information: + +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the people of Judah. "They" refers to the ancestors of the people of Judah. + +# they did not listen or pay attention + +These phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# by their own stubborn plans of their wicked hearts "according to their own plans because they were wicked and stubborn" -## so they went backwards, not forward ## +# they went backwards, not forward -"and so they turned their backs to me and not their faces." AT: "and so they refused to pay attention to me, instead of eagerly obeying me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) they refused to pay attention to Yahweh, instead of eagerly obeying him. AT: "they went away from me instead of drawing closer to me" or 2) they got worse and worse instead of improving. AT: "they got worse instead of better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## every one of my servants ## +# Ever since the day when your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until this day -"all of my servants" +This is a generalization that means over this entire period of time, not every day during this period of time. AT: "From the time your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## persisted in sending them ## +# I persisted in sending them -"diligently sent them every day" +"I sent them again and again" or "I repeatedly sent them" -## my prophets, to you ## +# they hardened their necks -The word "you" refers to the people of Judah and all of their ancestors. +This is an idiom that means they were stubborn. AT: "they became stubborn" or "they resisted me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## they did not listen ## - -The word "they" refers to all of the people of Israel had lived since their ancestors came out of Egypt. - -## hardened their necks ## - -AT: "stubbornly refused to listen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## They were more wicked ## +# They were more wicked "Each generation was more wicked" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/27.md b/jer/07/27.md index 095c047216..5ea61a824c 100644 --- a/jer/07/27.md +++ b/jer/07/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## So proclaim all these words to them, but they will not listen to you. Proclaim these things to them, but they will not answer you. ## +# Connecting Statement: -These two sentences say the same thing, The second emphasizes the message of the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) AT: "Tell them my message but the will not listen and change their evil ways." +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -## the voice of Yahweh ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:23](../03/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The words "them" and "they" in these verses refer to the people of Judah. -## Truth is destroyed and cut off from their mouths ## +# So proclaim all these words to them, but they will not listen to you. Proclaim these things to them, but they will not answer you. -These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: Parallelism) - AT: "The people tell only lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two sentences say the same thing, The second emphasizes the message of the first. AT: "Tell them my message, but they will not listen to you or answer you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the voice of Yahweh its God + +Here "the voice of Yahweh" represents what Yahweh has said. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:25](../03/23.md). AT: "what Yahweh its God has said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Truth is destroyed and cut off from their mouths + +Yahweh speaks of truth as if it was something the people could destroy and stop saying. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people destroy truth and cut it off from their mouths" or "The people tell only lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Truth is destroyed + +The abstract noun "truth" can be translated using the adjective "truthful." AT: "What is truthful is destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/29.md b/jer/07/29.md index 37f8db7906..f325bf544a 100644 --- a/jer/07/29.md +++ b/jer/07/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## sons of Judah ## +# Connecting Statement: -"descendants of Judah" +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -## rejected and abandoned ## +# General Information: -These two words have the same meaning. They are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The word "your" in these verses refers to the people of Judah. -## abandoned ## +# Cut off your hair and shave yourself, and throw away your hair -"left alone" or "ignored" +This would be done as a sign of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## in my eye ## +# rejected and abandoned -"in my sight" or "in my thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These two words have similar meanings and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Yahweh’s declaration ## +# sons of Judah -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the people of Judah. AT: "people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# have done evil in my eye + +The word "eye" represents seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "have done what I judge to be evil" or "have done what I consider to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# their detestable things + +Here "detestable things" refers to idols, which God hates. AT: "their disgusting idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# house that is called by my name + +This is a metonym for Yahweh's temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:10](./08.md). AT: "house that belongs to me" or "temple where they worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/31.md b/jer/07/31.md index 205a1cbd91..e6e2040180 100644 --- a/jer/07/31.md +++ b/jer/07/31.md @@ -1,45 +1,47 @@ -Yahweh continues to describe the evil things that the people of Judah have done. +# Connecting Statement: -## shrine of Topheth ## +Yahweh continues to describe the evil things that the people of Judah had done. + +# General Information: + +The words "they" and "their" in these verses refer to the people of Judah. + +# the high place of Topheth This is the name of a place where the people of Israel sacrificed their children to a false god by burning them with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the valley of Ben Hinnom ## +# the Valley of Ben Hinnom -This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. +This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in fire ## +# in fire -AT: "in fire as sacrifices." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The implied information is that they were burned as sacrifices to a false god. AT: "as sacrifices" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## It never came up in my mind ## +# nor did it enter my mind -AT: "and I never even thought of commanding it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +Here the word "mind" refers to Yahweh's thoughts. AT: "nor did I ever think about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## So see ## +# So see -The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" -## days are coming ## +# days are coming ... when it -AT: "someday in the future." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." AT: "in the future ... it" or "there will be a time ... when it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## this is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## it will no longer be called ## +# it will no longer be called -AT: "people will no longer call it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will no longer call it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Valley of Slaughter ## +# they will bury bodies -"Valley of Killing" +"they will bury dead people" -## They will bury bodies ## +# no room left -"The people of Judah bury dead people" - -## no room left ## - -"no space left" \ No newline at end of file +"no place remaining" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/33.md b/jer/07/33.md index 091ec6fc5f..268a6c74a2 100644 --- a/jer/07/33.md +++ b/jer/07/33.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak. +# Connecting Statement: -## The corpses ## +Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah. + +# The corpses "The dead bodies" -## this people ## +# this people -the people of Judah +"the people of Judah" -## the birds of the skies ## +# the birds of the skies -See how you translated "the birds of the heavens" in [Jeremiah 4:23](../04/23.md). +See how you translated "the birds of the heavens" in [Jeremiah 4:25](../04/23.md). -## the beasts of the earth ## +# the beasts of the earth "the wild animals of the land" -## to frighten them away ## +# to frighten them away "to scare them away" -## I will put an end to ## +# I will put an end to "I will remove from" -## the sounds of exaltation and jubilation ## +# the sound of joy and the sound of gladness -"the sounds of people rejoicing and being happy" AT: "people there who are happy" +These two phrases mean almost the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. The abstract nouns "joy" and "gladness" can be translated using the verb "rejoicing" and the adjective "glad." AT: "the sounds of people rejoicing and being glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the sounds of the groom and bride ## +# the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride -AT: "people getting married (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a metonym for what happens at marriage ceremonies. AT: "and people celebrating marriage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will become a desolation + +The abstract noun "desolation" can be translated using the adjective "desolate." AT: "will become desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/07/intro.md b/jer/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..689284fd7b --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Jeremiah 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 7:29-34, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Justice in society ##### +Jeremiah commanded the people of Jerusalem to live justly. Without justice, they did not truly have faith in Yahweh. Without this faith in Yahweh, the temple and its rituals were useless. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Do not pray for this people" ##### +Yahweh wanted the people to repent. This statement, and the others that follow, may be taken in another way. They are intended to show that it is too late for the people, and their punishment will come regardless of their response. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/01.md b/jer/08/01.md index 7ca27f09f1..153dc6214a 100644 --- a/jer/08/01.md +++ b/jer/08/01.md @@ -1,57 +1,55 @@ -Jeremiah has just told the people of Judah what will happen to the land. +# Connecting Statement: -## At that time ## +Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah. -At the time when the events in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md) [Jeremiah 7:33](../07/33.md) happen. +# At that time -## this is Yahweh's declaration ## +At the time when the events in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md) [Jeremiah to 34](../07/33.md) happen. -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +# this is Yahweh's declaration -## they will bring ## +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -This word "they" here refers to the people who will destroy Jerusalem. +# they will bring -## its officials ## +This word "they" here refers to the enemies of the people of Judah. -"the princes of Judah" +# its officials -## will spread them out ## +"its princes" or "its rulers" -The word "them" refers to the bones of the people of Judah. +# will spread them out -## these things that they have followed and served ## +The word "them" refers to the bones of the people listed in the previous verse. -"that they loved and which they served." The word "they" here refers to the people of Judah. +# that they have followed and served, that they have walked after and sought, and that they have worshiped -## that they have walked after ## +The word "they" here refers to the people of Judah. These three phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "and that they have faithfully obeyed." See how you translated "walked after" in [Jeremiah 2:23](../02/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# walked after -## and sought ## +This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:23](../02/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"and that they have inquired of" +# The bones will not be gathered or buried again -## They will not be gathered or buried ## +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "No one will gather their bones or bury them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "No one will gather their bones and bury them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# They will be like dung on the surface of the earth -## They will be like dung ## +The bones are compared to dung on the ground both to emphasize that they will be disgusting and because they will not be buried. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -Yahweh is showing how unpleasant they will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -## like dung ## - -"like manure" or "like poop" - -## on the surface of the earth ## +# on the surface of the earth "all over the ground" -## where I have driven them ## +# where I have driven them -The word "them" refers to the people of Judah. +The word "them" refers to the people of Judah. -## they will choose death instead of life for themselves, all who are still left over from this evil nation ## +# they will choose death instead of life for themselves, all who are still left over from this evil nation -"those who are still left from this evil family will want to die instead of stay alive" \ No newline at end of file +"those who still remain from this evil nation will want to die instead of stay alive" + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/04.md b/jer/08/04.md index 54332b7239..71c6d62d7d 100644 --- a/jer/08/04.md +++ b/jer/08/04.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## So say ## +# Connecting Statement: -Yahweh is speaking to Jeremiah. +Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah. -## to them ## +# General Information: -"to the people of Judah" +The words "them" and "they" in these verses refer to the people of Judah. -## Does anyone fall and not get up? ## +# So say to them -AT: "When someone falls, he gets back up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]). +Yahweh is telling Jeremiah what to say to the people of Judah. -## Does anyone get lost and not try to return? ## +# Does anyone fall and not get up? Does anyone get lost and not try to return? Why has this people, Jerusalem, turned away in permanent faithlessness? -AT: "When someone is lost, he tries to return to the right path." +These questions make the point that the way that the people of Judah were acting did not make sense. They can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that when someone falls, he gets back up, and when someone gets lost, they try to find their way back. It does not make sense that this people, Jerusalem, has turned away in permanent faithlessness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why has this people, Jerusalem, turned away in permanent faithlessness? ## +# Jerusalem -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the way that the people of Judah are acting does not make sense. AT: "It does not make sense that this people of Jerusalem have turned away in permanent faithlessness." +The word "Jerusalem" here is a synecdoche for all the people of Judah. AT: "Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Jerusalem ## +# hold on to treachery -The word "Jerusalem" refers to the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +What the people of Judah were doing is spoken of as if they were clinging to treachery and would not let it go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## hold on to treachery ## +# treachery -"continue to worship false gods" or "cling to lies" \ No newline at end of file +"deceit." The abstract noun "treachery" can be translated using the verb "deceive." AT: "what deceives them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/06.md b/jer/08/06.md index 5e21b42c9b..8a48342ae8 100644 --- a/jer/08/06.md +++ b/jer/08/06.md @@ -1,37 +1,51 @@ -Yahweh is speaking about the people of Judah. +# Connecting Statement: -## did not speak right ## +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. + +# General Information: + +The words "they" and "them" in these verses refer to the people of Judah. + +# paid attention and listened + +These two things mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# did not speak right "did not say what is right" -## for his wickedness ## +# for his wickedness -"because of his wickedness" +The abstract noun "wickedness" can be translated using the adjective "wicked." AT: "for being wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## What have I done ## +# What have I done? -AT: "I have done a terrible thing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The implied information is that this is a question that the people of Judah should have been asking. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "I have done a terrible thing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## All of them go where they wish ## +# go where they wish -"The entire people continues to run." Yahweh compares their eagerness to do evil with running. AT: "All of the people continues to eagerly do the same evil." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"go their own way" -## like a stallion rushing toward battle ## +# like a stallion rushing toward battle -The people are extremely eager to do evil like a stallion that runs toward a battle because he is very eager to get to the battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The eagerness of the people to follow their own evil way is compared to the eagerness of a war horse running toward a battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## stallion ## +# stallion -The word "stallion" refers to a male horse. +adult male horse -## Even the stork in heaven knows the right times; and the doves, swifts, and cranes ## +# Even the stork in heaven knows the right times; and the doves, swifts, and cranes -"the birds know when they should leave the cold country for the warm country. +The implied information is that these types of birds know the right times to migrate, which means to fly from one place to another at different times of the year for feeding or breeding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## stork...doves, swifts, and cranes ## +# stork ... doves, swifts, and cranes -All of these are different types of birds which fly to a warm place before their other place gets too cold. +All of these are different types of birds that migrate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## go on their migrations ## +# They go on their migrations at the right time, but my people do not know Yahweh's decrees -"go from a cold country to a warm country" \ No newline at end of file +The implied information is that the people should have naturally known Yahweh's decrees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They go on their migrations + +The abstract noun "migrations" can be translated using the verb "migrate." AT: "They migrate" or "They fly from one region to another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/08.md b/jer/08/08.md index e04463a972..c528e6d368 100644 --- a/jer/08/08.md +++ b/jer/08/08.md @@ -1,33 +1,67 @@ -These are Yahweh's words about the people of Judah. +# Connecting Statement: -## Why do you say, “We are wise! And the law of Yahweh is with us”? ## +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -"Why do you say, we are wise! And we have the law of Yahweh?" AT: "You should not say that you are wise and that you have the law of Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# How can you say, "We are wise, for the law of Yahweh is with us"? -## Why do you say ## +Yahweh asks this question to make the people of Judah think about what they were saying. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You think that you are wise because you have the law of Yahweh with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How can you say The "you" here refers to the people of Judah. -## The deceitful pen of the scribes has created deceit ## +# Indeed, see! -The pen represents the words that the scribes write. AT: "The false things that the scribes have been writing have given you false ideas about the law of Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These words tell the hearer to pay close attention to what follows. -## The wise men will be ashamed ## +# The deceitful pen of the scribes -"These men who think they are wise will feel ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +The pen represents the words that the scribes write. AT: "The false things that the scribes write" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They are dismayed and trapped ## +# has created deceit -"Enemies will defeat them and take them away" +"has given you false ideas" -## so what use is their wisdom? ## +# The wise men will be ashamed -AT: "so their so called wisdom does not do them any good." +This is irony because the wise men are normally honored for their wisdom. AT: "Those men who think they are wise will feel ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## those who will possess them ## +# dismayed -"the people who will take control of their land" +"terrified" or "shattered" -## for from the youngest...all of them practice deceit ## +# Behold! -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:13](../06/13.md). \ No newline at end of file +"Pay attention!" + +# so what use is their wisdom? + +This question expects a negative answer and is intended to make the hearers think about how little what they consider wisdom is really worth when they reject Yahweh's word. AT: "so what they think is wise does not do them any good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# because from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy for dishonest gain! From the prophet to the priest, all of them practice deceit + +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:13](../06/13.md). + +# because from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy + +The phrase "from the least to the greatest" shows that all the people of Judah are included in the phrase "all of them," regardless of how important they are. AT: "because all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and everyone else, are greedy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the least + +This refers to the least powerful and least important people. AT: "the least powerful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the greatest + +This refers to the most powerful and most important people. AT: "the greatest people" or "the most powerful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# all of them + +"all of the people of Judah" + +# are greedy for dishonest gain + +The abstract noun "gain" can be expressed with the phrases "get more money" or "get more things." AT: "want to get more money by lying to people" or "strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# all of them practice deceit + +"all of them deceive people" or "all of them are liars" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/11.md b/jer/08/11.md index 9f0c4cd9d0..d1fd63b3b9 100644 --- a/jer/08/11.md +++ b/jer/08/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,47 @@ -These are Yahweh's words about the people of Judah. +# Connecting Statement: -## For they treated the fracture of the daughter of my people...says Yahweh ## +Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:13](../06/13.md). +# General Information: -## the leaf will wither ## +The words "they," "their" and "them" in these verses refer to the people of Judah. + +# They healed the wounds of my people lightly + +Possible meanings are 1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. AT: "They act as though my people's problems are not serious, like small wounds" or 2) the wounds represent the people's sin. AT: "They act as though my people's sins are not serious, like small wounds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They healed the wounds ... lightly + +Here "lightly" represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# "Peace, Peace," when there was no peace + +"'All is well, All is well,' but it was not well" + +# Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations? + +God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. AT: "They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they did not know how to blush + +"their faces did not even turn red." When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red. + +# they will fall among the fallen + +Here "fall" represents being killed. AT: "they will be killed along with the others who are killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will be brought down when they are punished + +Here "will be brought down" represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will destroy them when I punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the leaf will wither "the leaf will dry up" -## and what I have given to them will pass away ## +# what I have given to them will pass away -The meaning of the hebrew is uncertain. Possible meanings are 1) "I gave instructions to my people, but my people disobeyed the instructions" or 2) "therefore, I have given these people over to their enemies, so their enemies can trample over them." \ No newline at end of file +The meaning of the original text is uncertain here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/14.md b/jer/08/14.md index 17b62c4e79..f8d05bef45 100644 --- a/jer/08/14.md +++ b/jer/08/14.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues his message by telling us what the people of Judah will say at the time of their punishment. -## Why are we sitting here ## +# General Information: -AT: "We should not stay here." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The words "we," "us" and "our" refer to the people of Judah. -## Come together; let us go to the fortified cities ## +# Why are we sitting here? -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:4](../04/04.md). +This question is asked to motivate action. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "We should not stay here." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## fortified cities ## +# Come together; let us go to the fortified cities -“the cities with high walls and soldiers to defend it” +The "fortified cities" were cities with high walls and strong defenses. See how you translated the similar phrases in [Jeremiah 4:5](../04/04.md). -## and we will become silent there in death ## +# we will become silent there in death -AT: "and we will die there." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Here "become silent" means to die. AT: "let us die there" or "let us wait for our enemies to kill us there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For Yahweh our God will silence us ## +# For Yahweh our God will silence us -AT: "because Yahweh our God will put us to death." +Here "silence" is a metaphor for condemning to death. AT: "because Yahweh our God has condemned us to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He will make us drink poison ## +# He will make us drink poison -“He will make us drink poison” refers to God's judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is an idiom for Yahweh's judgment on his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## but see, there will be ## +# but there will be nothing good -“but understand, there will be” +"but nothing good will happen" -## but there will be nothing good ## +# but see -"but nothing good will happen" \ No newline at end of file +"but understand" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/16.md b/jer/08/16.md index 0d9ef4b328..4bc049466e 100644 --- a/jer/08/16.md +++ b/jer/08/16.md @@ -1,49 +1,51 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues his message about the punishment coming to Judah. -## The snorting of his stallions is heard from Dan ## +# General Information: -AT: "People in Dan hear the sound of the enemy army coming to attack Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The words "his" and "they" in these verses refer to the enemies of Judah. -## stallions ## +# The snorting of his stallions is heard from Dan -male horses +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "The people of Dan hear the snorting of his stallions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The whole earth shakes ## +# snorting -AT: "The people of the land shake with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +a loud sound that a horse makes with its nose -## at the sound of the neighing of his strong horses ## +# stallions + +adult male horses + +# The whole earth shakes + +This is an exaggeration that is a metaphor for the people of Judah trembling with fear. AT: "All the people of the land shake with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# at the sound of the neighing of his strong horses "when they hear the sound of the enemy's strong horses" -## neighing ## +# neighing -the sound that a horse makes +a sound that a horse makes -## For they will come ## +# they will come and consume -The word "they" refers to the invading army. +Here the word "consume" means to eat up. It is an idiom for how the enemies come and destroy the land and its inhabitants. AT: "they will come and destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and consume the land ## +# For see -"and destroy the land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"Now pay attention" -## I am sending out snakes among you ## +# I am sending out snakes among you, vipers that you cannot charm. They will bite you -The snakes represent the enemy soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AT: "I am sending out enemy soldiers to fight you." +The snakes and vipers represent the enemy soldiers, and their bite represents the enemy attacks. AT: "I am sending out enemy soldiers among you, beyond your control. They will attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## vipers that you cannot charm ## +# vipers that you cannot charm -AT: "vipers that you cannot send away with magic." +To charm means to sing or make music in order to control snakes. -## vipers ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -a kind of snake that is poisonous and has large fangs - -## They will bite you ## - -AT: "They will attack you" or "They will destroy you." - -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## - -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/18.md b/jer/08/18.md index 5b9e77ac79..00ac6ad001 100644 --- a/jer/08/18.md +++ b/jer/08/18.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah and Yahweh have a conversation about the people of Judah. -## My sorrow has no end ## +# My sorrow has no end -The word "my" refers to Jeremiah. AT: "I am very sad." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +The word "my" refers to Jeremiah. The original text is unclear and is interpreted here in different ways by modern versions. -## and my heart is sick ## +# has no end -The word "my" refers to Jeremiah. AT: "I feel sick deep down inside me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +These words are an exaggeration that express the great extent of Jeremiah's sorrow. AT: "is very great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## See! The screaming voice of the daughter of my people from a far distant land! ## +# my heart is sick -Jeremiah is speaking about the people of Judah. Possible meanings are 1) "The people of Judah call out from exile in a far-away land" or 2) "The people of Judah call out from all over the land of Israel." +Here "heart" represents Jeremiah, emphasizing his feelings and emotions. AT: "I feel sick deep down inside me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## daughter of my people ## +# Behold! -Israel as a daughter. (See: Metonymy) +This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. "Pay attention!" -## Is not Yahweh in Zion ## +# the daughter of my people -Jerusalem is referred to as Zion. (See: Metonymy) +Jeremiah is speaking about the people of Judah in a way that shows his affection for them, as if for a daughter. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). AT: "my dear people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Is not Yahweh in Zion? Or is not her king in her? ## +# from a land far away -Jeremiah tells what the people of Judah are saying. The two parallel questions show that the people of Judah are wondering why Yahweh is not saving them. AT: "Why does Yahweh not save us if he is the king in Jerusalem?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Possible meanings are 1) From exile. AT: "from exile in a distant land" or 2) From throughout the land of Judah. AT: "throughout our land" -## Why then would they offend me with their carved figures ## +# Is Yahweh not in Zion? Is her king no longer there? -The word "me" refers to Yahweh. AT: "If they want me to save them, then they must not offend me by worshiping their idols." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two questions are similar in meaning. They imply that the people of Judah are wondering why Yahweh is not saving them. AT: "Why does Yahweh not save us if he is the king in Zion?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why then do they provoke me to anger with their carved figures and their worthless foreign idols? + +The word "me" refers to Yahweh. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "If they want me to save them, then they must not offend me with their carved figures." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/20.md b/jer/08/20.md index ba579dc08b..383a1b5a31 100644 --- a/jer/08/20.md +++ b/jer/08/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jeremiah continues talking about the people of Judah. -## The harvest has passed on ## +# General Information: + +The word "we" refers to the people of Judah. The words "I" and "my" refer to Jeremiah. + +# The harvest has passed on "Harvest time is over" -## but we have not been saved ## +# But we have not been saved -Jeremiah tells what the people of Judah are saying. The word "we" refers to the people of Judah. AT: "but Yahweh has not saved us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Jeremiah tells what the people of Judah are saying. This can be stated in active form. AT: "But Yahweh has not saved us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I am hurt because of the hurt of the daughter of my people ## +# I am hurt because of the hurt of the daughter of my people. I mourn at the horrible things that have happened to her; I am dismayed -The word "I" refers to Jeremiah. AT: "I feel very upset because the people of Judah are experiencing horrible things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +These statements express the same idea in more than one way for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Is there no medicine in Gilead? Is there no healer there? ## +# Is there no medicine in Gilead? Is there no healer there? Why will the healing of the daughter of my people not happen? -AT: "There is medicine in Gilead! There are doctors in Gilead!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Why will the healing of the daughter of my people not happen ## - -AT: "But my people have spiritual wounds that medicine and doctors cannot heal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +These questions are asked to make the point that the people of Judah have not been saved. AT: "There is medicine in Gilead, and there are healers there, so tell me why the healing of my dear people will not happen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/08/intro.md b/jer/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ff4cf15800 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Jeremiah 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 8:5-22, which are extended quotations. + +The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Hyperbole ##### +The author frequently uses hyperbole in this chapter to describe the complete destruction of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/01.md b/jer/09/01.md index a667cdca5b..cab5af796f 100644 --- a/jer/09/01.md +++ b/jer/09/01.md @@ -1,53 +1,51 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh and Jeremiah continue talking about the people of Judah. -## If only my head could produce water, and my eyes be a fountain of tears ## +# If only my head could produce water, and my eyes be a fountain of tears -This is Jeremiah speaking. AT: "I wish I could make more tears!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is Jeremiah speaking. These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how much Jeremiah is weeping. AT: "I wish I could make more tears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## day and night ## +# day and night -AT: "all the time." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +By mentioning both "day" and "night" this phrase means all the time. AT: "all the time" or "continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## the daughter of my people ## +# the daughter of my people -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). +Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. Here Jeremiah uses this same phrase for the people that Yahweh uses. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). AT: "my people, who are like Yahweh's daughter" or "my dear people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who have been killed ## +# who have been killed -AT: "whom the enemy has killed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the enemy has killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## If only someone would give me ## +# If only someone would give me -This is still Jeremiah speaking. "I wish someone would give me" +"I wish someone would give me." This is still Jeremiah speaking. -## a place for travelers in the wilderness to stay ## +# a place for travelers in the wilderness to stay This refers to a building for people traveling in the wilderness, where they can stop and sleep overnight. -## abandon my people ## +# abandon my people "leave my people" -## a band of traitors ## +# a band of traitors -"a group of people who betray other other people" +"a group of people who betray other people" -## Yahweh declares ## +# Yahweh declares -See you translated this same idea in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +See how you translated "this is Yahweh's declaration" in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). -## They say false things with their tongues, which are their deceitful bows ## +# They tread on their bows of lies with their tongues -This metaphor compares the tongues of the people of Judah to bows that shoot arrows of lies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Telling lies is spoken of as being done by the tongues of the wicked. Also, since a spoken lie cannot be taken back, telling lies is spoken of as if it were shooting arrows. Men who use bows must step on their bows in order to fasten the bowstrings, so liars are referred to here as if they were stringing their bows using their tongues. AT: "Their lies are like arrows that they shoot with the tongues" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but they are not great in faithfulness on the earth ## +# but it is not because of any faithfulness of theirs that they grow strong on the earth -AT: "but they are not faithful to Yahweh." +"They do not grow strong on the earth because they are faithful to Yahweh, as they are wicked" and "This means that the people are not faithful to Yahweh, but rather are wicked and have gained their power through wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## They go out from wicked act to another ## +# They go from one wicked act to another -"They keep doing lots of evil things" - -## [[:en:bible:questions:comprehension:jer:09|Jeremiah Chapter 09 Comprehension Quofestions]] ## - -:en:bible:questions:comprehension:jer:09 \ No newline at end of file +Committing one evil action after another is spoken of as if the evildoers were going from one action to another. AT: "They keep doing evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/04.md b/jer/09/04.md index 22439dc739..d944ddd735 100644 --- a/jer/09/04.md +++ b/jer/09/04.md @@ -1,41 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking with Jeremiah about the people of Judah. -## Each of you ## +# Each of you The word "you" refers to the people of Judah. -## be on guard against your neighbor and do not trust in any brother ## +# be on guard against your neighbor and do not trust in any brother "be careful not to trust your fellow Israelites, and do not even trust your own brother" -## For every brother is a deceiver and every neighbor walks in slander ## +# every neighbor walks in slander -"Do this because your fellow Israelites all deceive people and they all slander people" +Here "walking" is an idiom for living. AT: "every neighbor slanders one another" or "every neighbor is a slanderer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Each man mocks his neighbor and does not speak the truth ## +# Each man mocks his neighbor and does not speak the truth "All of the people mock each other, and they do not tell the truth" -## Their tongues teach deceitful things ## +# Their tongues teach deceitful things -AT: "They teach things that are not true." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here people are represented by their "tongues" to emphasize their speech. AT: "They teach deceitful things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## They are exhausted from committing iniquity ## +# They are exhausted from committing iniquity "They are tired from committing so much sin" -## You live in the midst of deception ## +# Your dwelling is in the midst of deception -Yahweh is speaking to Jeremiah. +Yahweh speaks of living among people who are liars as living in the middle of deception. AT: "Your dwelling is among the dwellings of liars" or "You dwell in the midst of liars" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in their deceit they refuse to acknowledge me ## +# in their deceit -"By telling all of these lies, the people of Judah refuse to obey me as God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"By telling all of these lies" -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). - -## [[en:bible:questions:comprehension:jer:09|Jeremiah Chapter 09 Comprehension Quofestions]] ## - -en:bible:questions:comprehension:jer:09 \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/07.md b/jer/09/07.md index f6b482c096..39798df86d 100644 --- a/jer/09/07.md +++ b/jer/09/07.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak about the people of Judah. -## daughter of my people ## +# See -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). +Yahweh uses this word here to draw Jeremiah's attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Their tongues are sharpened arrows ## +# to refine them -The tongue hurts people with lies in the same way that sharpened arrows hurt people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of testing the people and dealing with their evil ways, as if they were metal that he were melting in a crucible to remove its impurities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## With their mouth they proclaim peace with their neighbors ## +# for what else can I do, because of what my people have done? -AT: "They say with their words that they want peace with their neighbors." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to state that this is how he needs to deal with his people because of what they have done. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "for this is how I must deal with my people because of what they have done." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## but with their hearts they lie in wait for them ## +# Their tongues are sharpened arrows -AT: "but what they really want is to destroy their neighbors." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This speaks of people's tongues as if they were sharpened arrows because of how the people hurt others by what they say. Here their speech is represented by their "tongues." AT: "Their words are like sharpened arrows that hurt other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Should I not punish them because of these things? ## +# With their mouths they proclaim peace with their neighbors -"Surely, I should punish them because of these things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here people's speech is represented by their "mouths." AT: "They speak, saying that they want peace with their neighbors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Should I not avenge myself on a nation that is like this? ## +# but with their hearts they lie in wait for them -AT: "Surely, I should avenge myself on a nation that is like this!" \ No newline at end of file +Here a people's desires are represented by their "hearts." This speaks of them wanting to hurt their neighbors as if they were an animal crouching and waiting to attack its prey. AT: "but what they really want is to destroy their neighbors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Should I not punish them because of these things ... should I not avenge myself on a nation that is like this? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will not have mercy and stop himself from punishing them. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 5:9](../05/07.md). AT: "Because they do these things, I will punish them ... I will certainly get revenge for myself against them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/10.md b/jer/09/10.md index 9eda08df8e..eda1f2d4e8 100644 --- a/jer/09/10.md +++ b/jer/09/10.md @@ -1,41 +1,51 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah. In v. 12, Jeremiah makes a comment. +# General Information: -## I will sing a song... for the meadows ## +Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah. In verse 12, Jeremiah makes a comment. + +# I will sing a song of mourning ... a funeral song will be sung for the meadows Yahweh is mourning for the land of Israel as if it were a person who died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## meadows ## +# a funeral song will be sung + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will sing a funeral song" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# meadows "fields where the animals graze" -## For they are burned ## +# For they are burned -AT: "Because someone has burned the meadows and pastures." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Because someone has burned the meadows and pastures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They will not hear the sound of any cattle ## +# They will not hear the sound of any cattle -"Nobody will hear the sound of cattle" +"Nobody will hear the sound of cattle there" -## a hideout for jackals ## +# a hideout for jackals -"a place for jackals to hide" +"a place for jackals to hide." Jackals are fierce wild dogs. -## jackals ## - -fierce wild dogs - -## places without inhabitants ## +# places without inhabitants "places where no people live" -## Who is the wise man that understands this? Why has the land perished? ## +# What man is wise enough to understand this? -AT: "If your prophets are really wise, they should be able to tell you why the land is ruined." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a very wise person will understand the things he has said. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Only people who are very wise can understand these things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What does Yahweh's mouth proclaim to him so he might report it? ## +# To whom has the mouth of Yahweh spoken, and he will declare it -AT: "If Yahweh really speaks to your prophets, they should be able to tell you what Yahweh says about the destruction of the land." +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only the people he has spoken to can declare these things. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Only those who have been taught by Yahweh can explain these things to others." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why has the land perished...there is no one to pass through it ## +# the mouth of Yahweh -AT: "But your prophets are not wise and Yahweh does not speak to them, so they do not know why the land is in ruins." \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh's speech is represented by his "mouth". AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Why has the land perished and been destroyed ... pass through? + +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a wise person could explain why the land has been destroyed. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Only a wise person could explain why the land has perished and been destroyed ... pass through." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# has the land perished and been destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. Both "perished" and "been ruined" describe the land being ruined. AT: "is the land ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/13.md b/jer/09/13.md index 4bdc41fffa..5bdd2b5ce2 100644 --- a/jer/09/13.md +++ b/jer/09/13.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah. -## It is because they have abandoned ## +# It is because -"The land is destroyed because the people of Judah did not obey" +"These things will happen because" -## listen to my voice ## +# they have abandoned my law -AT: "pay attention to the things I tell them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh speaks of the people not obeying his law as if it were something that they had walked away from. AT: "they have rejected my law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## or walk by it ## +# they do not listen to my voice -AT: "or live the way I tell them to live." +Here Yahweh's "voice" represents what he says. AT: "they do not pay attention to the things I tell them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## they have walked by their stubborn hearts ## +# or walk by it -AT: "they have been stubborn and lived the way they want to live." +Here "walk" is an idiom for "live." AT: "or live the way I tell them to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and have followed the Baals ## +# they have walked by their stubborn hearts -"and have worshiped the false gods" \ No newline at end of file +Here the people's "stubborn hearts" represent their stubborn desires and stubborn will. Also, here "walked" represents living. AT: "they have been stubborn and lived the way they want to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# have followed the Baals + +"have worshiped the Baals" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/15.md b/jer/09/15.md index 3e1a49ba0a..24aa704272 100644 --- a/jer/09/15.md +++ b/jer/09/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah. -## wormwood ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# See + +Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people's attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# wormwood a plant that tastes bitter -## Then I will scatter them among the nations ## +# Then I will scatter them among the nations "Then I will force them to leave here and live in many different countries" -## I will send out a sword after them ## +# neither they nor their ancestors -AT: "I will send an army of soldiers to fight against them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The understood verb may be supplied. AT: "that neither they nor their ancestors have known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I will send out a sword after them + +Here the word "sword" refers to an enemy army. AT: "I will send an army of soldiers to fight against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have completely destroyed them + +This is a metonym for Yahweh causing the people's enemies to destroy them. AT: "I have caused their enemies to completely destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/17.md b/jer/09/17.md index 548719e59b..54da1353c8 100644 --- a/jer/09/17.md +++ b/jer/09/17.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh tells the people of Judah to mourn for the coming destruction of the land. -## Summon funeral singers; let them come. Send out for women skilled at lamenting; let them come ## +# Yahweh of hosts says this -AT: "Get women who are trained in mourning and bring those women here." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## Summon funeral singers ## +# Summon funeral singers; let them come ... Send out for women skilled at lamenting; let them come + +These two phrases have the same meaning. They emphasize that they are to call funeral singers to come. AT: "Get women who are trained in mourning and bring those women here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Summon funeral singers "Call women who are professional singers at funerals" -## let them come ## +# let them come -AT: "tell the women to come." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "tell the women to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Send out for women skilled at lamenting ## +# Send out for women skilled at lamenting -AT: "Send people out to get women who are skilled at mourning." +The phrase "send out for" is an idiom. AT: "Send people out to get women who are skilled at mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Let them hurry and sing a mournful song over us ## +# Let them hurry and sing a mournful song ... and our eyelids flow with water -Yahweh says what the people of Judah will say when the destruction comes. AT: "Tell the women to hurry and sing a song to mourn for us." +Here Yahweh says what the people of Judah will say when the destruction comes. The words "us" and "our" refer to the people of Judah and does not include Yahweh. This may be written instead as a command from Yahweh to the people. AT: "Tell them to hurry and sing a song to mourn for you, so your eyes may run with tears and your eyelids flow with water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## so our eyes may run with tears and our eyelids flow with water ## +# so our eyes may run with tears and our eyelids flow with water -AT: "so we will cry very hard." \ No newline at end of file +This describes the people crying a lot. AT: "so we will cry very hard with tears flowing from our eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/19.md b/jer/09/19.md index f50a5a966a..4fce36bfab 100644 --- a/jer/09/19.md +++ b/jer/09/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -These are Yahweh's words about the people of Judah. +# General Information: -## For the sound of wailing is heard in Zion ## +Here Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land. -AT: "People are crying loudly in Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# For the sound of wailing is heard in Zion -## How we are devastated ## +This refers to the people of Zion wailing loudly and can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Zion are crying loudly, saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Yahweh tells what the people of Judah will say when the land is destroyed. AT: "We are very upset." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# How we are devastated -## We are greatly ashamed, for we have abandoned the land since they tore down our houses ## +Yahweh tells what the people of Judah will say when the land is destroyed. AT: "We are very upset" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# We are greatly ashamed, for we have abandoned the land since they tore down our houses "Our shame is great, because enemies destroyed our houses and we had to leave the land of Israel" -## that come from his mouth ## +# hear Yahweh's word; pay attention to the messages that come from his mouth -AT: "that Yahweh says." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the command to listen to what Yahweh says. In the second phrase Yahweh's "mouth" is a metonym for himself. AT: "listen to what Yahweh says. Pay attention to his words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Then teach your daughters a mourning song, and each neighbor woman a funeral song ## +# each neighbor woman a funeral song -AT: "Then teach other people how to mourn." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The understood verb may be supplied. AT: "teach each neighbor woman a funeral song" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/21.md b/jer/09/21.md index 2ee635aa4e..4ce9704b78 100644 --- a/jer/09/21.md +++ b/jer/09/21.md @@ -1,41 +1,35 @@ -These are Yahweh's words about the people of Judah. +# General Information: -## For death has come through our windows ## +Here Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land. -Yahweh says what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land. The people of Judah will compare death to a person who can climb in windows to attack the people inside. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# For death has come through our windows ... young men in the city squares -## palaces ## +The people of Judah will compare death to a person who can climb in windows to attack the people inside and attacks people in the palaces, streets, and city squares. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# palaces fancy houses where kings live. Death will come to rich and poor alike. -## It destroys children from outside ## - -AT: "Death is killing children in the streets." - -## and young men in the the city squares ## - -AT: "and death is killing young men in the city squares." - -## city squares ## +# city squares marketplaces -## Yahweh’s declaration ## +# This is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "This is what Yahweh has declared" or "This is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## the corpses of men will fall like dung...like grain stalks after the reapers ## +# the corpses of men will fall like dung ... like grain stalks after the reapers -AT: "dead bodies will fall all over the place." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the large number dead bodies. AT: "dead bodies will fall all over the place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## corpses of men will fall like dung in the fields ## +# corpses of men will fall like dung in the fields -AT: "dead bodies will drop everywhere like animal poop drops all over the fields." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to dung that falls in the fields. AT: "dead bodies will drop everywhere like animal dung falls all over the fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## and like grain stalks after the reapers ## +# like grain stalks after the reapers -AT: "and like stalks of grain fall everywhere after the farmers cut them down." +This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to cut stalks of grain. AT: "like stalks of grain fall everywhere after the farmers cut them down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## and there will be no one to gather them ## +# there will be no one to gather them -"and there will be nobody to gather the dead bodies" \ No newline at end of file +"there will be nobody to gather the dead bodies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/23.md b/jer/09/23.md index 06a03d3adc..13af463d7c 100644 --- a/jer/09/23.md +++ b/jer/09/23.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + These are the words of Yahweh. -## Do not let the wise man take pride in his wisdom ## +# Do not let the wise man take pride in his wisdom "A wise man should not be proud because he is wise" -## Do not let the wealthy man take pride in his riches ## +# or the warrior in his might + +The understood verb may be supplied. AT: "or let the warrior take pride in his might" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Do not let the wealthy man take pride in his riches "A rich man should not be proud because he is rich" -## that he has insight and knows me ## +# has insight and knows me -"that he understands who I am and lives in a way that is pleasing to me" +"understands who I am and knows me." Both of these phrases have similar meanings. They emphasize people knowing who Yahweh is and understanding who he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## For I am Yahweh ## +# For I am Yahweh -AT: "Because people should understand that I am Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This refers to people knowing Yahweh and his ways. AT: "Because people should understand that I am Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## For it is in these that I take pleasure ## +# For it is in these that I take pleasure -"And it is pleasing to me when people act with covenant loyalty, justice and righteousness" +The word "these" refers to covenant loyalty, justice, and righteousness. -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/25.md b/jer/09/25.md index 95c3546ba1..df6b9e7fde 100644 --- a/jer/09/25.md +++ b/jer/09/25.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + These are the words of Yahweh. -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## +# See -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people's attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" or "Indeed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## when I will punish all the circumcised who are such only in their body ## +# days are coming -This refers to the people of Israel who have entered into a covenant with Yahweh by getting circumcised physically. However, they have not followed His laws. +This is an idiom. AT: "there will be a time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and all the people who cut the hair on their heads ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -AT: This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## For all these nations are uncircumcised ## +# all the circumcised who are such only in their body -AT: "Because these nations did not enter into a covenant with Yahweh through circumcision." +This refers to the people of Israel who have entered into Yahweh's covenant by getting circumcised physically, but who have not changed their inner beings by following his laws. AT: "all those people who have changed their bodies by circumcising them but who have not changed their inner beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and all the house of Israel has an uncircumcised heart ## +# all the people who cut the hair on their heads very short -An uncircumcised heart represents the character of a person that does not obey Yahweh's laws. AT: "and all the people of Israel have not kept the covenant with Yahweh by obeying him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as "all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness." + +# For all these nations are uncircumcised + +The word "nations" refers to the people who live in these places. Foreigners being uncircumcised was a sign that they were not in Yahweh's covenant. AT: "For the people of these nations did not enter into a covenant with Yahweh through circumcision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all the house of Israel has an uncircumcised heart + +The "heart" represents a person's will and desires. An "uncircumcised heart" represents the character of a person that does not follow Yahweh and his laws. Also, the "house" of Israel refers to the people of Israel. AT: "all the people of Israel are only circumcised on the outside and have not changed their hearts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/09/intro.md b/jer/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2be8015e23 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Jeremiah 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 9:1-12, 17-24, which are extended quotations. + +The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Funeral ##### +This chapter pictures Jerusalem as having a funeral with its typical songs. This is an image used to describe their destruction. It is a time of great sadness. + +##### Circumcision ##### +Circumcision is used here in an unusual way. Since circumcision was intended to be a display of faith, the author uses the term to differentiate between those who have faith in Yahweh and those who don't. This is a type of metaphor. Those who have a circumcised heart have faith in Yahweh while those with an uncircumcised heart do not have faith in Yahweh, regardless of whether they are physically circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/uncircumcised]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/01.md b/jer/10/01.md index a144a7649d..719482aaac 100644 --- a/jer/10/01.md +++ b/jer/10/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh has just reminded the people of Judah as well as Egypt, Edom, Ammon, Moab and all people that they will be punished. +# General Information: -## Do not learn the ways of the nations ## +Yahweh has just reminded the people of Judah, as well as Egypt, Edom, Ammon, Moab and all people, that they will be punished. -Do not follow what the heathen nations are believing" +# Hear the word -## dismayed ## +"Hear the message" -"worried" or "frightened" +# house of Israel -## by the signs in the heavens ## +Here the "house" of Israel represents the people of Israel. AT: "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do not learn the ways of the nations + +"Do not act like the other nations act" + +# dismayed + +"worried" or "upset" + +# by the signs in the heavens "by strange things in the sky" -## for the nations are dismayed by these ## +# for the nations are dismayed by these -"for the people of the nations are afraid of the strange things they see in the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "the nations" refer to the people who live in them. This can be written in active form. AT: "for the people of the nations are afraid of the strange things they see in the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/03.md b/jer/10/03.md index 92a2e2881f..a7bc00130b 100644 --- a/jer/10/03.md +++ b/jer/10/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh has just reminded them not to learn the ways of the nations nor be worried by things that happen in the sky. -## craftsman ## +# craftsman a man skilled in his work -## scarecrow ## +# What they make with their hands is like scarecrows -a man-like figure made to scare birds and prevent them from eating the crops (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +A scarecrow is a man-like figure made to scare birds and prevent them from eating the crops. Here Yahweh compares the idols to scarecrows because they are not capable of doing anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## cucumber ## +# cucumber -a vegetable that is usually long, with green skin and white flesh that contained much water \ No newline at end of file +a vegetable that is usually long, with green skin and white flesh that contains much water + +# they have to be carried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people have to carry them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/06.md b/jer/10/06.md index 1beb79af16..616693ebf1 100644 --- a/jer/10/06.md +++ b/jer/10/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah has just been talking about idol worship. -## Who does not fear you, king of the nations? ## +# your name is great in power -Jeremiah does not expect an answer to this question. It is more like a statement. AT: "Everyone should fear you, king of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here Yahweh's "name" refers to himself and his reputation. AT: "you are very powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## what you deserve ## +# Who does not fear you, king of the nations? + +Jeremiah asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that everyone should fear Yahweh. Here he refers to Yahweh as "king of the nations." This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Everyone should fear you, king of the nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# what you deserve "what you have earned" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/08.md b/jer/10/08.md index bc8d81a0bf..24cd424242 100644 --- a/jer/10/08.md +++ b/jer/10/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## They are all the same: they are brutish and stupid ## +# They are all the same, they are brutish and stupid, disciples -"they are all foolish" +The words "brutish" and "stupid" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how foolish the people are for worshiping idols. AT: "They are all very stupid, they are disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## disciples of idols that are nothing but wood. ## +# disciples of idols that are nothing but wood -"they try to learn from an idol which is just a piece of wood" +"they try to learn from an idol which is only a piece of wood" -## artificers ## +# Tarshish ... Uphaz + +places where silver and gold are mined (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# gold from Uphaz made by artificers, the hands of refiners + +This can be stated in active form. Also, the refiners are represented here by their "hands" because they do their work with their hands. AT: "gold from Uphaz that skilled craftsmen and refiners have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# artificers "skilled craftsmen" -## Tarshish ... Uphaz ## +# refiners -places where silver and gold are minded +"goldsmiths" -## gold from Uphaz made by artificers the hands of refiners ## +# Their clothes are blue and purple cloth -"gold from Uphaz that skilled craftsmen and refiners have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"The people dress the idols in blue and purple cloth" -## Their clothes are blue and purple cloth ## +# The earth quakes at his anger -"The people dress the idol in beautiful clothes" +This speaks of the earth shaking as an emotional response to Yahweh's anger, when actually Yahweh causes the earth to quake. AT: "The earth quakes when he is angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## quakes ## +# quakes "shakes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/11.md b/jer/10/11.md index c007a07f67..431aabdc96 100644 --- a/jer/10/11.md +++ b/jer/10/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + God is speaking to Jeremiah. -## The maker of earth in his power established dry land in his wisdom and spread the heavens in his understanding. ## +# You will speak to them like this -AT: "The Creator is strong and wise. He made the earth and sky." +The word "you" refers to the Israelites and the word "them" refers to the people of the other nations. -## His voice makes the roar of waters in the heavens ## +# will perish from the earth -AT: "He controls the storms in the sky by speaking" +This speaks of the idols disappearing and losing their significance as if they were dying. This emphasizes their lack of power. AT: "will disappear from the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and he brings up the mists from the ends of the earth ## +# stretched out the heavens -AT: "He makes clouds everywhere on earth." +This speaks of Yahweh creating the sky as if it were a large sheet that he stretched out. AT: "created the heavens" or "created the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## storehouse ## +# His voice makes the roar of waters in the heavens + +Here Yahweh is represented by his "voice" to emphasize his speech. The phrase "the roar of waters" refers to loud storms. AT: "His voice causes the storms in the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he brings up the mists from the ends of the earth + +This means that he causes the mists to evaporate and form clouds. The phrase "the ends of the earth" refers to all of the earth. AT: "he causes clouds to form over every part of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sends out wind from his storehouse + +This speaks of Yahweh causing the wind to blow as if the wind were kept in a storehouse and brought out when he desires. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# storehouse a building where things are kept \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/14.md b/jer/10/14.md index 8621a35269..d96c208993 100644 --- a/jer/10/14.md +++ b/jer/10/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## has become ignorant ## +# has become ignorant "is lacking knowledge" or "does not know" -## the portion of Jacob ## +# Every metalworker is put to shame by his idols -"whom the people of Isreal worship" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Every metalworker's idols put him to shame" or "As for every metalworker, his idols shame him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the molder of all things ## +# they will perish at the time of their punishment -"the creator of all things" or "the one who created all things" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. AT: "there will be a time when God will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the portion of Jacob + +Here "Jacob" represents the people of Israel. God being their "portion" is an idiom that means that they worship him. AT: "the portion of Israel" or "whom the people of Israel worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the molder of all things + +"the creator of all things" or "the one who created all things" + +# Israel is the tribe of his inheritance + +This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. AT: "The tribe of Israel belongs to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/17.md b/jer/10/17.md index 8b2bc34baf..b0a4ff9347 100644 --- a/jer/10/17.md +++ b/jer/10/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Gather your bundle ## +# Gather your bundle "Gather your belongings" -## See ## +# who have been living under the siege -The word "See" is to emphasize the following statement. +"whose city has been surrounded by your enemies' army" or "who have been living in your city while an enemy army surrounds it" -## I am about to throw the inhabitants of the land out this time ## +# See -AT: "I will cause the people living in the land to leave that land." +Yahweh uses this word here to draw the peoples' attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## inhabitants of the land ## +# I am about to throw the inhabitants of the land out this time + +Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people to leave the land as if they were objects that he were throwing out of a container. AT: "I will cause the people living in the land to leave that land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# inhabitants of the land "people who live in the land" -## distress ## +# distress -"great pain or suffering" \ No newline at end of file +great pain or suffering \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/19.md b/jer/10/19.md index 9f7d3077b4..b4a9a138bc 100644 --- a/jer/10/19.md +++ b/jer/10/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -Jeremiah is speaking as if he were the whole tribe of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# General Information: -## Woe to me! Because of my broken bones, my wound is infected ## +Jeremiah is speaking as if he were the whole tribe of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "We are in deep trouble like a person whose bones are broken and infected." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Woe to me! Because of my broken bones, my wound is infected -## My tent is devastated, and all of my tent cords are cut in two ## +Jeremiah speaks of the peoples' distress as if they were physically wounded by broken bones and infection. AT: "Woe to us! It is as though we have broken bones and an infected wound" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The enemy has completely destroyed my city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# but I must bear it -## They have taken ## +Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. AT: "but we must bear it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -"the enemies have taken" +# My tent is devastated, and all of my tent cords are cut in two -## There is no longer anyone to spread out my tent or to raise up my tent curtains ## +Here Jeremiah speaks of the enemy having destroyed their city as if their tent had been destroyed. AT: "It is as though our great tent is destroyed; the ropes that held it up have been cut" or "The enemy has completely destroyed our city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: There is no one to rebuild our city." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# My tent is devastated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My enemy has devastated my tent" or "Our enemy has destroyed our tent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They have taken my children away from me + +Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. AT: "Our enemies have taken our children away from us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# so they no longer exist + +The children no longer existing is a metaphor for the parents never seeing them again. AT: "and it is like they no longer exist" or "and they will never return again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# There is no longer anyone to spread out my tent or to raise up my tent curtains + +Here Jeremiah speaks of them not having descendants to rebuild their city as if their city were a tent that needs to be rebuilt. AT: "There is no one to rebuild our city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/21.md b/jer/10/21.md index 9438b3bb03..2f03a4058c 100644 --- a/jer/10/21.md +++ b/jer/10/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## are scattered ## +# For the shepherds are stupid ... all their flock has been scattered -"are separated and went in different directions" +Here the leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were flocks of sheep. AT: "For the shepherds of our people are stupid ... all the people of their flock have been scattered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## jackals ## +# all their flock has been scattered -a type of wild dogs found in Africa \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and their enemies have scattered all their flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# See! It is coming, a great earthquake is coming + +Here the marching enemy armies are spoken of as if they were an earthquake. The word "See!" is used here as an idiom to draw the listener's attention to what is said next. AT: "Look! The enemy army is coming, they sound like a great earthquake as they are marching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# jackals + +a type of fierce wild dog \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/23.md b/jer/10/23.md index 4393e27dee..83bd0a43a3 100644 --- a/jer/10/23.md +++ b/jer/10/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Pour your fury on the nations ## +# General Information: -AT: "Punish the people of the nations severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Jeremiah prays for the people of Israel. -## devoured Jacob and consumed him ## +# that the way of a man does not come from himself. No person walking directs his own steps -"devour" and "consume" are two words with the same meaning used to emphasize or intensify the idea expressed by these two words.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) AT: "they are completely destroying us people of Israel" (UDB) +These two phrases mean the same thing. This means that no one has control over the various things that will happen to him during his life. AT: "that no person controls what will happen to him; no one is able to direct the events that he will experience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## destroy him and demolish his habitation ## +# Pour your fury on the nations -"destroy" and "demolish" are two words with the same meaning used to emphasize or intensify the idea expressed by these two words.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) AT: "destroy all our cities and villages" \ No newline at end of file +Here "the nations" refer to the people who live in them. AT: "In your fury, punish the nations" or "In your anger, punish the nations of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that do not call on your name + +This is an idiom. AT: "that do not worship you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For they have devoured Jacob and consumed him so as to completely destroy him + +These three phrases have the same meaning. Jeremiah repeats this idea three times to emphasize the utter destruction of Israel. This speaks of the enemy armies attacking the people of Israel as if the armies were a fierce animal attacking and devouring its prey. AT: "For they have fiercely attacked the people of Israel and consumed them so as to completely destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# demolish his habitation + +"demolish their homes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/10/intro.md b/jer/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2341308066 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Jeremiah 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 10:1-25, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's power ##### +This chapter contrasts the great power of Yahweh with the powerlessness of any other false god. It is intended to question why the Jews would worship any other god. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/01.md b/jer/11/01.md index 616843d091..81cf6072bf 100644 --- a/jer/11/01.md +++ b/jer/11/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the inhabitants of Jerusalem ## +# The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, + +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said," or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the inhabitants of Jerusalem "the people who live in Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/03.md b/jer/11/03.md index af3183789a..512bf315f3 100644 --- a/jer/11/03.md +++ b/jer/11/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## smelting ## +# Cursed is anyone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will curse anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the land of Egypt, from the furnace for smelting iron + +This speaks of the horrible circumstances and oppression the Israelites were living in in Egypt by comparing them to a smelting furnace. AT: "of Egypt. What happened to them in Egypt was terrible; it was as though they were living in a hot furnace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# smelting heating iron to liquid form -## a land flowing with milk and honey ## +# Listen to my voice -This means that the land will be rich and productive, so there will be enough food for everyone. AT: "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The word "voice" here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and "listen" is a metonym for "obey." AT: "Obey what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I answered ## +# the land flowing with milk and honey -Jeremiah answered \ No newline at end of file +"the land where milk and honey flow." God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. AT: "the land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/06.md b/jer/11/06.md index 0df138b207..b76228edf8 100644 --- a/jer/11/06.md +++ b/jer/11/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## solemnly ## +# solemn -"seriously" +"serious" -## Each person has been walking in the stubbornness of his wicked heart. ## +# the words of this covenant -"Each person has refused to change and continues to do the evil things that they want to do" \ No newline at end of file +"the terms of this covenant" + +# carry them out + +This is an idiom. AT: "obey them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Listen to my voice + +The word "voice" here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and "listen" is a metonym for "obey." AT: "Obey what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Each person has been walking in the stubbornness of his wicked heart. + +Here "walking" is an idiom for the way a person lives. The word "heart" is a metonym for a person's desires and emotions. AT: "Each person has refused to change and has been living by his own wicked desires" or "Each person has refused to change and continues to do the evil things that they want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# So I brought all the curses in this covenant that I commanded to come against them + +"So I punished them with all the curses that I described in this covenant that I had commanded them to obey" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/09.md b/jer/11/09.md index c510672ef5..ef51b2037c 100644 --- a/jer/11/09.md +++ b/jer/11/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## conspiracy ## +# A conspiracy has been discovered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "There is a conspiracy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# conspiracy a secret plan to do something that is harmful or illegal -## the inhabitants of Jerusalem ## +# the inhabitants of Jerusalem -"the people who live in Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file +"the people who live in Jerusalem" + +# They have turned to the iniquities of their earliest ancestors + +The phrase "turned to" is an idiom that means to start doing something. AT: "They have returned to committing the same iniquities as their earliest ancestors committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# walked after + +"followed after" + +# The house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "The kingdom of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/11.md b/jer/11/11.md index 2448254368..a9521fb723 100644 --- a/jer/11/11.md +++ b/jer/11/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## See ## +# See -AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” \ No newline at end of file +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# The cities of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem + +Here the "cities of Judah" represents the people who live in them. AT: "The people who live in the cities of Judah and in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but they will certainly not be saved by them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but their gods will certainly not save them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to equal + +"to as many as" + +# her streets + +"the streets in Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/14.md b/jer/11/14.md index f91b358d2d..fc70cdf9ee 100644 --- a/jer/11/14.md +++ b/jer/11/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## So you ... on their behalf ## +# You must not wail -Translate this the same way you translated "And you ... on their behalf" in [Jeremiah 7:16](../07/16.md). +"You must not make a loud cry of sadness" -## wail ## +# Why is my beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, in my house? -"make a loud cry of sadness" +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the people Judah no longer have a right to be in his temple. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "My beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, should not be in my house." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## on their behalf ## +# is my beloved one, the one who has had -“for them" +The people of Judah are spoken of as if they were a single woman greatly beloved. AT: "are the people whom I love, those who have had" or "are the people of Judah whom I love, who have had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## intentions ## +# In the past Yahweh called you a leafy olive tree -"plans" +In the Old Testament people were often compared to trees or plants. Those who were prosperous and healthy were spoken of as leafy, fruitful tree. AT: "In the past Yahweh said that you were like a leafy olive tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## reserved ## +# will light a fire on it -"set aside" or "saved" +This expression continues the metaphor of the tree. The fire stands for the destruction of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## lit a fire on it ## +# that will sound like the roar of a storm -lit a fire on the tree \ No newline at end of file +This compares the sound of the raging fire to the sound of a severe storm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# its branches will be broken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will break off your branches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/17.md b/jer/11/17.md index aba27b0ce2..36a0b80074 100644 --- a/jer/11/17.md +++ b/jer/11/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## the one who planted you ## +# the one who planted you -AT: "the one who placed you to live in the land of Israel and Judah" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of Yahweh placing the people of Israel and Judah in the places where they live as if they were a tree that Yahweh had planted. AT: "who planted you like a farmer plants a tree" or "the one who placed you to live in the land of Israel and Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# has decreed disaster against you + +"has decreed that disaster will come upon you" + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/18.md b/jer/11/18.md index c1f19d560d..e5b5e5107b 100644 --- a/jer/11/18.md +++ b/jer/11/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## being led to a butcher ## +# Yahweh made me know these things, so I know them -AT: "that my enemies were leading to a butcher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"You have revealed things to me and so I know them." The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him. -## his name will be no longer remembered ## +# made me see their deeds -AT: "People will no longer remember his name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him. This is spoken of here as if Jeremiah has already see their actions. AT: "have revealed to me their evil plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I was like a gentle lamb being led to a butcher + +This speaks of Jeremiah being unaware of his enemies' plans to kill him by comparing him to a lamb who is being led to be slaughtered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# being led to a butcher + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that my enemies were leading to a butcher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let us destroy the tree with its fruit + +Here Jeremiah's enemies speak of killing him as if he were a fruit tree that they were planning to destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let us cut him off from the land of the living + +The phrase "cut him off" means to destroy him. Also, "the living" refers to living people. AT: "Let us kill him so he is no longer in the land of those who are alive" or "Let us destroy him so that he is no longer among the world of living people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his name will be no longer remembered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will no longer remember his name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the heart and the mind + +The heart is a metonym for what a person feels and desires and "the mind" is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides. AT: "a person's feelings and thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will witness your vengeance + +The word "vengeance" here can be expressed as a verb. AT: "I will watch you take revenge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/21.md b/jer/11/21.md index a7049ca7e4..fabca38012 100644 --- a/jer/11/21.md +++ b/jer/11/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,39 @@ -## Anathoth ## +# Anathoth -a special city for priests to live in (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a special city where priests live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## vigorous young men ## +# seeking your life + +This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. AT: "wanting to kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They say + +"They say to me." The men are speaking to Jeremiah. + +# you will die by our hand + +Here the men refer to their "hand" to emphasize that they plan to kill him themselves. AT: "we ourselves will kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# See + +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" + +# vigorous young men men at the strongest time of their lives -## None of them will be left ## +# will die by the sword -AT: "I will leave none of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the "sword" represents battle. AT: "will die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# None of them will be left + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will leave none of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a year of their punishment + +The word "year" here is a idiom that describes a specific period of time that Yahweh decides. AT: "in the time of their punishment" or "for the time of their punishment is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/11/intro.md b/jer/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..35ff719c70 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Jeremiah 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 11:15-17,20-21, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The covenant ##### + +The covenant Yahweh made with Moses is prominent in this chapter. Because the people disobeyed this covenant, God will not help them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/01.md b/jer/12/01.md index acfc0707a3..fd05afdcd3 100644 --- a/jer/12/01.md +++ b/jer/12/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh. -## far away from their hearts ## +# the wicked -"they do not love or respect you" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to wicked people. AT: "wicked people" or "those who are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# You planted them and they took root. They continue to produce fruit + +Here Jeremiah speaks of the wicked as if they were fruit trees. AT: "They are like fruit trees that you planted, that you allow to prosper and to produce lots of fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You are near to them in their mouths, but far away from their hearts + +Here "mouths" represents what a person says. And, "hearts" represents what a person thinks or feels. Also, being loyal is spoken of as if it were being near a person, and being disloyal is spoken of as if it were being far away from a person. AT: "They always say good things about you, but they do not love or respect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/03.md b/jer/12/03.md index f125a6fb26..3082dab9f3 100644 --- a/jer/12/03.md +++ b/jer/12/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah continues speaking to Yahweh. -## Take them away like sheep to the slaughter ## +# my heart -AT: "Prepare to punish those wicked people" +Here the "heart" represents a person's thoughts and true feelings. AT: "my thoughts" or "my inner feelings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## How long will the land go on mourning... because of the wickedness of its inhabitants? ## +# Take them away like sheep to the slaughter -AT: "The draught cause by the wickedness of the people has lasted too long." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here Jeremiah asks Yahweh to prepare to punish the wicked as if they were sheep to be taken away to be slaughtered. AT: "Take the wicked people away, like sheep for slaughter" or "Prepare to punish those wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Beasts and bird have been taken away ## +# the day of slaughter -The wild animals and birds have died from the draught. +"the day they will be destroyed" -## wither ## +# How long will the land go on drying up ... because of the wickedness of its inhabitants? + +Their land is dry and rain has not come as punishment for the peoples' wickedness. + +# wither "dry up" -## "God does not know what will happen to us." ## +# The animals and the birds have been taken away -AT: "God does not see the sins we do." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The animals and the birds are gone" or "The animals and the birds have all died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# God will not see what happens to us + +Possible meanings are 1) The people are saying that God does not know what things will happen to them in their future or 2) God is unaware of their sin. AT: "God does not see the sinful things that we do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/05.md b/jer/12/05.md index 0ac7624334..0c8e21eed3 100644 --- a/jer/12/05.md +++ b/jer/12/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## thickets ## +# how can you compete against horses? -many bushes or small trees growing close together \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run with horses. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "you will never compete well against horses." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If you fall down + +This refers to while the person is running. AT: "If you fall down while running" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the safe countryside + +This refers to the open countryside, where it is easy to travel quickly, in contrast to the overgrown thickets along the Jordan River, where it is difficult to move. + +# how will you do in the thickets along the Jordan? + +This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run through the thickets along the Jordan. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "you will surely not be able to run in the thickets along the Jordan." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# thickets + +many bushes or small trees growing close together + +# denounced + +to have accused someone publicly \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/07.md b/jer/12/07.md index 1b47f2a95b..1a25461671 100644 --- a/jer/12/07.md +++ b/jer/12/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,43 @@ -## I have abandoned my house; I have forsaken my inheritance. I have given my own beloved people into her enemies' hands. ## +# I have abandoned my house; I have forsaken my inheritance. I have given my beloved into the hands of her enemies. -These three sentences have similar meanings. The first and second one strengthens the thought in the third. (See” Parallelism) AT: "I have allowed my people's enemies to conquer them." +These three sentences have similar meanings. The first and second one strengthens the thought in the third. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## hyena ## +# I have abandoned my house; I have forsaken my inheritance -a type of dog from Asia and Africa that eats the flesh of dead animals +The two phrases are metaphors in which Yahweh speaks of his people as if they were his "house" and his "inheritance." AT: "I have abandoned my Israelite people, the people whom I chose to belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## birds of prey ## +# into the hands of her enemies -birds that attack and eat animals \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hands" represents control. AT: "to be conquered by her enemies" or "over to the control of her enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of her ... she sets herself ... with her ... hate her + +Here Yahweh refers to his people as a female by using feminine pronouns. AT: "of their ... they set themselves ... with their ... hate them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# she sets herself against me with her own voice + +This continues to speaks of Yahweh's people as a lion. This speaks of the people showing they are against him as if they were roaring at him. AT: "it is like she roars at me to defy me" + +# Has not my prized possession become a speckled bird, that other birds of prey go against her all around? + +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that his people are surrounded by their enemies. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "My prized possession has become a speckled bird and other birds of prey go against her all around." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Has not my prized possession + +Here Yahweh speaks of his people as his "prized possession." AT: "Have not my people, who are my prized possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# become a speckled bird, that other birds of prey go against her all around + +Here Yahweh speaks of his people being in danger and surrounded by their enemies as if they were a speckled bird surrounded by birds of prey. AT: "become like a speckled bird, and her enemies are like birds of prey attacking her on all sides" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a speckled bird + +"a strange looking bird." This refers to a bird that was often picked on and eaten by other birds. + +# birds of prey + +birds that attack and eat animals + +# Go and gather all the wild beasts and bring them to devour her + +Yahweh speaks here in the form of a command to strengthen what he says. This command is not directed to a specific person and may be written as a statement. AT: "Let all the wild beasts in the fields come and eat her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/10.md b/jer/12/10.md index e233491c3a..63bc9e7709 100644 --- a/jer/12/10.md +++ b/jer/12/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## They have stomped all over ## +# Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard -"they have crushed under their foot" or "they have destroyed" +Here Yahweh speaks of his land and his people being destroyed by armies as if they were a vineyard that shepherds had destroyed. AT: "My people and my land are like a vineyard that many shepherds have destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my portion of land ## +# Many shepherds have destroyed -"the ground I planted" +Here the word "shepherds" refers to their sheep. AT: "Many shepherds have allowed their sheep to destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They have made her ## +# They have stomped all over -The word "her" refers to the Promised Land (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"They have crushed under their feet" -## she is desolate ## +# my portion of land -The word "she" refers to the Promised Land +"the ground I planted" or "my field" -## takes it to heart ## +# All the land has been made desolate -"cares" or "pays any attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "All the land is desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# takes it to heart + +This is an idiom. AT: "cares" or "pays any attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/12.md b/jer/12/12.md index b505db49f8..affcb74563 100644 --- a/jer/12/12.md +++ b/jer/12/12.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## bare ## +# Destroyers -"not covered" or "empty" +"Destroying armies" -## Yahweh's sword is devouring ## +# bare -Yahweh is using these armies to punish his people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"uncovered" or "empty" -## From one end of the land to the other ## +# for Yahweh's sword is devouring -This refers to all of the Promised Land (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here Yahweh speaks of the armies that he is using to punish his people as being his "sword." His"sword" is described here as if it were a large animal that attacked and devoured the people. AT: "for the armies are my sword that I am using to punish you" or "for I am sending the destroying armies to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## They have ## +# from one end of the land to the other + +This refers to the whole land that belongs to his people. + +# They have sown wheat but harvest thornbushes + +"They have sown wheat, but there is nothing to harvest but thornbushes" + +# They have "My people have" -## thorn ## +# thornbushes -a sharp, pointed growth on plants +a large plant that is covered in sharp points -## bush ## +# exhausted -a plant that is like a tree but smaller +"worn out" or "tired" -## exhausted ## +# So be ashamed of your gain because of Yahweh's anger -"worn out" or "tired" \ No newline at end of file +"So be ashamed of your tiny harvest because Yahweh is angry with you." Here the word "gain" does not mean a large amount of something, but refers to a small amount. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/14.md b/jer/12/14.md index 9062522c35..d9527bdd3f 100644 --- a/jer/12/14.md +++ b/jer/12/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## strike at ## +# strike at the possession -attack and capture +"have been trying to take away the land" -## made my people Israel inherit ## +# made my people Israel inherit -AT: "gave my people Israel as an inheritance" +"gave my people Israel as an inheritance" -## uproot ## +# See -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:9](../01/09.md). +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## pull up the house of Judah from among them ## +# to uproot them from their own ground -allow the people of Judah to leave their enemies' lands and return to Judah +God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. See how you translated this concept in [Jeremiah 1:10](../01/09.md). AT: "to make them leave their own land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## pull up ## +# I will pull up the house of Judah from among them -or "uproot" +Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people of Judah to leave the lands of the other nations as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. AT: "I will cause the house of Judah to leave their lands as well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I uproot those nations ## +# pull up -AT: "I make those nations leave their lands and move to different places" \ No newline at end of file +"uproot" + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I uproot those nations + +God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. AT: "I make those nations leave their lands and move to different places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/16.md b/jer/12/16.md index 59b960413f..326a8b862c 100644 --- a/jer/12/16.md +++ b/jer/12/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + God's word about Judah's neighbors. -## It will come about that if ... Baal, then they ## +# It will come about that -AT: "This is what will happen ... Baal: they" or "If ... Baal, then this is what will happen: they" +"It will happen that" -## midst ## +# As Yahweh lives + +"As surely as Yahweh is alive." The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Swearing in Yahweh's name instead of in Baal's name indicates that they worship Yahweh instead of Baal. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/01.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they will be built up in the midst of my people + +This speaks of the people becoming prosperous as if they were a building that was being built. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will build them up in the midst of my people" or "I will make them wealthy and they will live among my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# midst middle -## they will be built up in the midst of my people ## +# I will uproot that nation. It will certainly be uprooted and destroyed -AT: "I will make them wealthy and they will live among my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land and destroying their nation as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. These two sentences have the same meaning and may be combined. AT: "I will certainly and completely exile and destroy that nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## I will uproot that nation. It will certainly be uprooted and destroyed ## +# It will certainly be uprooted and destroyed -"I will certainly and completely exile and destroy that nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will certainly uproot and destroy it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## This is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/12/intro.md b/jer/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b77ecc6693 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Jeremiah 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:1-13, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jeremiah complains that evil men prosper ##### + +Jeremiah complains that evil men prosper. He questions Yahweh's justice. Yahweh's response: if Jeremiah is upset by the people of Anathoth, how will he face enemies in Jerusalem? (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +##### Yahweh's grace to the other nations ##### + +Yahweh gives a gracious offer to the Gentile nations. If the other nations who have been against Judah leave their idols and worship God, then God will allow them to return to their lands. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/01.md b/jer/13/01.md index bd13a1764c..0dafbfdbad 100644 --- a/jer/13/01.md +++ b/jer/13/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## linen ## +# linen a type of very fine cloth -## undergarment ## +# undergarment clothing that people wear under their clothes; underwear -## waist ## +# waist the middle part of the body, usually the narrowest, between the hips and chest -## the word of Yahweh came to ## +# do not put it in water first -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +"do not wash it or get it wet" -## rock crevice ## +# the word of Yahweh came to me a second time, saying, + +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this second message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# rock crevice a space between rocks or a crack in a rock, big enough to put something into it \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/06.md b/jer/13/06.md index d917c7db3d..935056cc40 100644 --- a/jer/13/06.md +++ b/jer/13/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## undergarment ## +# behold! -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 13:1](./01.md) +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## Behold ## +# The undergarment was destroyed; it was no good at all -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that the undergarment was destroyed. AT: "The undergarment was spoiled and useless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/08.md b/jer/13/08.md index 3e14b0784a..1b8ab172fc 100644 --- a/jer/13/08.md +++ b/jer/13/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## the word of Yahweh came to ## +# the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## arrogance ## +# arrogance "pride" -## of Judah and Jerusalem ## +# of Judah and Jerusalem -"people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here Judah and Jerusalem refer to the people who live there. AT: "of the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## who walk in the hardness of their heart ## +# to listen to my word -"who are continously stubborn" +"to obey what I say" -## all the house of ## +# who walk in the hardness of their heart -"all the people of" +This is an idiom. AT: "who are stubborn and only do the things they desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## cling to me ## +# clings to ... cling to me -"stay close to me" +"sticks to ... stick to me" or "stays close to ... stay close to me" -## this is Yahweh's declaration ## +# all the house of ... all the house of -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +"all the people of ... all the people of" + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/12.md b/jer/13/12.md index 0716313469..9349c7055f 100644 --- a/jer/13/12.md +++ b/jer/13/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## fill with drunkenness every inhabitant of this land ## +# Every jar will be filled with wine ... every jar will be filled with wine -AT: "cause all the people of this land to be drunk" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Every wineskin should be full of wine ... every wineskin should be full of wine" or "Every wine jar should be full of wine ... every wine jar should be full of wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the kings who sit on David's throne ## +# See -"the kings of the nation of Judah" +This word is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## smash each man against the other, fathers and children together ## +# fill with drunkenness every inhabitant of this land -AT: "each person will fight the other; even parents and children will fight against each other" +"cause all the people of this land to be drunk" -## I will not pity ## +# the kings who sit on David's throne + +Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as "David's throne." AT: "the kings who sit on Judah's throne" or "the kings of the nation of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# smash each man against the other, fathers and children together + +Here the words "each man" refer to both men and women. AT: "Then I will cause the people to fight with each other, even parents and children will fight one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# fathers and children together + +The understood information may be supplied. AT: "I will smash fathers and children together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will not pity "I will not feel sorry for" -## will not spare them from destruction ## +# will not spare them from destruction -AT: "will not withhold punishment" or "will allow them to be destroyed" or "will allow them to face destruction" \ No newline at end of file +"will not withhold punishment from them." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "will allow them to be destroyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/15.md b/jer/13/15.md index 488a7a80e8..d479bf71a2 100644 --- a/jer/13/15.md +++ b/jer/13/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Do not be arrogant ## +# arrogant -"Do not feel that your are better, smarter, or more important than others" +"proud" -## he brings darkness ## +# he brings darkness -"he causes darkness to come" Darkness symbolizes deep trouble and despair. AT: "He brings big troubles" +"he causes darkness to come." Here trouble and despair are spoken of as if they were "darkness." AT: "he brings trouble and despair" or "he cause great troubles to come" -## before he causes your feet to stumble ## +# before he causes your feet to stumble -AT: "before he causes you to hit your foot on something while walking or running so that you fall" +Here a person is referred to by his "feet" to emphasize that he is walking. AT: "before he causes you to trip and fall as you walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## he will turn the place into a deep darkness ## +# twilight -"he will cause the place to be completely dark" AT: "he will cause you to despair" \ No newline at end of file +early morning or evening when it is partially dark, when the sun is beginning to rise or when the sun is almost set + +# For you are hoping for light, but he will turn the place into a deep darkness, into a dark cloud + +This speaks of goodness and blessings as "light" and of trouble and despair as "darkness." AT: "For you were hoping for light and blessings, but Yahweh will give you darkness and great despair--you will feel like you are surrounded by a dark cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for Yahweh's flock has been taken captive + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for enemies have captured Yahweh's flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for Yahweh's flock has been taken captive + +Here Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh's people as Yahweh's "flock" because he cares for them like a shepherd cares for his sheep. This event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. AT: "for you who are Yahweh's flock, your enemies will soon capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/18.md b/jer/13/18.md index c502078857..8a3d4e16a2 100644 --- a/jer/13/18.md +++ b/jer/13/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is continuing to talk to Jeremiah. He is telling Jeremiah what to say to the king of Judah and the king's mother. -## for the crowns on your head, your pride and glory, have fallen off ## +# queen mother -"You will no longer be king and queen mother" (See symbolic action) +the mother of the king -## queen mother ## +# for the crowns on your head, your pride and glory, have fallen off -the mother of the king. +A king and queen mother wear crowns to represent their royal positions as the king and queen mother. Also, this event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. AT: "for you will no longer be the king and queen mother, for your crowns, your pride and glory, will fall off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## The cities in the Negev will be shut up ## +# The cities in the Negev will be shut up, with no one to open them -"Your enemies will shut the cities in the Negev up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This means that the cities will be surrounded by their enemies, who will not allow anyone to go in or come out of the cities. AT: "The cities in the Negev will be shut up, and no one will be able to go into them or come out of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Judah will be taken captive ## +# The cities in the Negev will be shut up -"The enemies will take Judah captive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Your enemies will shut the cities in the Negev up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All Judah will be taken captive, completely taken captive + +Here "Judah" represents the people who live there. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemies will take all of the people of Judah captive into exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/20.md b/jer/13/20.md index 191a70ddb7..87526743f6 100644 --- a/jer/13/20.md +++ b/jer/13/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is talking to the people of Jerusalem. -## Lift up your eyes ## +# Lift up your eyes and look at the ones coming from the north -"understand what will be happening to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the word "look" is an idiom that means to pay attention and be aware of what is happening. Also, "Lift up your eyes" represents looking at something. AT: "Pay attention and be aware of the ones coming from the north" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Where is the flock he gave to you, the flock that was so beautiful to you? ## +# the ones coming from the north -"All the people have been taken away." [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This refers an enemy army that will come from the north. AT: "the enemy army coming from the north" or "the enemy army marching from the north" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## What will you say when God places over you those whom you had taught to be your friends? ## +# Where is the flock he gave to you, the flock that was so beautiful to you? -AT: "The people you thought were your friends will conquer you and rule over you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that the people of Judah will be captured by the enemy armies. This question is asked as if the people of Judah had already been captured even though this has not yet happened. The question can be written as a statement and in future tense. AT: "I gave you the people of Judah to care for, like a beautiful flock of sheep, but the enemy army will capture them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## Are these not the beginnings of the labor pains that will seize you just like a woman in childbirth? ## +# the flock -Yahweh is telling them that their capture is just the beginning of the pain they will go through. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the people of Judah as a "flock" of sheep to emphasize that the leaders of Judah were supposed to care for them and look after them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What will you say when God sets over you those you had trained to be your special allies? + +This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that the people who Judah's leaders thought they were at peace with will conquer them. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "The people you thought were your friends will conquer you and rule over you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Are these not the beginnings of the labor pains that will seize you just like a woman in childbirth? + +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to tell the people that their capture is just the beginning of the suffering they will go through. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "These things that you will suffer are like the beginning of the labor pains of a woman in childbirth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/22.md b/jer/13/22.md index 99f91d0ba3..1b82007ea7 100644 --- a/jer/13/22.md +++ b/jer/13/22.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to talk to Jeremiah. He is telling Jeremiah what to say to the king of Judah and the king's mother. -## skirts are raised up ## +# that your skirts are raised up and you have been violated -AT: "soldiers of the invading armies will raise up the skirts of your women". The Judean women's clothes will be torn off so the Babylonian soldiers can seize them and sleep with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This means that the enemy soldiers will rape the Judean women. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the enemy soldiers will lift up the skirts of your women and rape them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Can the people of Cush change their skin color ## +# Can the people of Cush change their skin color, or a leopard change its spots? -AT: "The people of Cush cannot change their skin color" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question is used to state an example of something that is impossible. This question can be written as a statement. Also, the understood verb "can" maybe be supplied in the second phrase. AT: "The people of Cush cannot change their skin color and a leopard cannot change its spots." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## a leopard change its spots ## +# If so, then you yourself, although accustomed to wickedness, would be able to do good -AT: "A leopard cannot change its spots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +This statement is ironic because the examples about the Cushite and the leopard are impossible situations. This states that if those impossible things could happen then they could do good. AT: "Just like these things are impossible, so it is also impossible for you who always do evil to do good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## If so, then you yourself, although accustomed to wickedness, would be able to do good. ## +# I will scatter them like chaff that perishes in the desert wind -AT: "You cannot do good because of your wickedness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) - -## scatter them like chaff that perishes in the desert wind ## - -Yahweh is saying He will scatter His people throughout the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I will scatter them like chaff that is blown away by the wind." Yahweh is saying He will scatter His people throughout the world just as chaff is scattered by the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/25.md b/jer/13/25.md index 3926d62684..3a75bfb68e 100644 --- a/jer/13/25.md +++ b/jer/13/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## This is what I have given to you, the portion I have decreed for you ## +# This is what I have given to you, the portion I have decreed for you -AT: "This is what I am making happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Both of these phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that these are the things that Yahweh has decided will happen to the people of Judah. AT: "This is what I am making happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## I myself will strip your skirts off you, and your private parts will be seen. ## +# I myself will strip your skirts off you, and your private parts will be seen. -AT: "I will expose your wickedness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This means that Yahweh will make them feel ashamed. It does not in any way mean that he will rape them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is as though I myself will strip your skirts off of you so that everyone will see your private parts and you will be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## neighing ## +# neighing -"lusting" - -## How long will this continue? ## - -How long will it be before you are clean again (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the sound of a male horse desiring a female horse. AT: "lusting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/13/intro.md b/jer/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c22638236 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Jeremiah 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 13:15-27, which is an extended quotation. + +===Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter === + +##### Symbolism ##### + +The action of hiding the undergarment was intended to be a symbolic event. It was supposed to get the Jews' attention and be a lesson for them to learn. Jeremiah performed the action, but it was not the action itself that was important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/01.md b/jer/14/01.md index 7bb311f36a..c80d95bca9 100644 --- a/jer/14/01.md +++ b/jer/14/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just talked about the adultery of the people. -## the word of Yahweh that came to ## +# This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah -AT: "the message that God gave to" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah" or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## fall apart ## +# Let Judah mourn + +Here "Judah" represents the people who live there. AT: "Let the people of Judah mourn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let her gates fall apart + +Here the word "gates," which keep enemies out of cities and where people conduct business and government, is a synecdoche for Judah's cities, and Judah's cities are a metonym for the people who live in them. AT: "let her cities fall apart" or "let the people in her cities become unable to defend themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fall apart "fall into pieces" -## their cries for Jerusalem are going up ## +# their cries for Jerusalem are going up -"They are calling out loudly in prayer for Jerusalem". \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "going up" is an idiom. AT: "They are calling out loudly in prayer for Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Their mighty ones + +"The rich people" + +# ashamed and dishonored + +Both of these words have similar meaning and together emphasize that the servants were ashamed that they were unable to get water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they cover their heads + +In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/04.md b/jer/14/04.md index 2554143e01..fa95133362 100644 --- a/jer/14/04.md +++ b/jer/14/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has continued to tell the people about the drought. -## the doe leaves her young in the fields and abandons them, ## +# The plowmen are ashamed and cover their heads -AT: "the deer leaves her young in the field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## jackals ## +# the doe leaves her young in the fields and abandons them -fierce, wild dogs \ No newline at end of file +These two phrase have the same meaning and emphasize that the doe leaves her young deer because she cannot provide for them. A doe is a female deer. AT: "the deer leaves her young in the field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# for there is no grass + +This means that there is no grass for the deer to eat. AT: "for there is no grass for them to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they pant in the wind like jackals + +This speaks of the donkeys panting because they are thirsty by saying that they pant like jackals. Jackals are fiece wild dog which pant a lot. AT: "they pant in the wind like thirsty jackals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Their eyes fail to work, for there is no vegetation + +"They become blind because there is no grass to eat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/07.md b/jer/14/07.md index f633c66872..7dbda60538 100644 --- a/jer/14/07.md +++ b/jer/14/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just told the people about the drought. -## for the sake of your name ## +# our iniquities testify against us -"in order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises. " (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here their "iniquities" are spoken of as if they were people who testified against them about their wrong doing. AT: "our iniquities give evidence of our wrongdoing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Hope of Israel ## +# for the sake of your name -This is another name for Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here Yahweh's "name" refers to his reputation. AT: "for the sake of your reputation" or "in order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the one who saves him ## +# Hope of Israel -"the savior" or "the one who rescues him" +This is another name for Yahweh. AT: "You are the hope of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## why will you be like…like a warrior who is not able to rescue anyone? ## +# why will you be like a stranger in the land ... Why are you like someone who is astounded -The word "like" here means "similar to." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]). +These two question have similar meanings. They both ask if Yahweh is unconcerned with his people and unable to help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## confused ## +# why will you be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer ... just one night -unable to understand or to think clearly \ No newline at end of file +This question speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unconcerned with helping his people as if he were a stranger just travelling though a place unconcerned with those living there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# who stretches out and spends just one night + +Both of the phrase have the same meaning and may be combined. AT: "who stays for only one night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Why are you like someone who is astounded, or like a warrior who has no power to rescue + +This speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unable to help his people as if he were a confused warrior who was unable to rescue anyone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# astounded + +unable to understand or to think clearly + +# your name is called over us + +This can be stated in active form. This speaks of the people being Yahweh's people by saying that his name is over them. AT: "we bear your name" or "we are your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/10.md b/jer/14/10.md index d65c609bb8..5e9183d404 100644 --- a/jer/14/10.md +++ b/jer/14/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah has been praying and asking Yahweh not to leave them alone. -## they love to wander ## +# they love to wander -"they love to act in a way that is against God's will" +"they love to wander away from me." This speaks of people being unfaithful to Yahweh and not obey him as if they had wandered from the place where he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## calls to mind ## +# have not held back their feet -"remembers" or "recalls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the people are referred to by their "feet" to emphasize their walking away from Yahweh. AT: "have not kept themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## on behalf of ## +# calls to mind + +This is an idiom. AT: "remembers" or "recalls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# on behalf of "to assist" or "to help" -## wailing ## +# wailing -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](./01.md) \ No newline at end of file +loudly crying because of sorrow + +# I will put an end to them + +This is a euphemism. AT: "I will cause them to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# by sword + +Here war is represented by the "sword" which was the common weapon used in battle. AT: "by war" or "by battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/13.md b/jer/14/13.md index c931b8a6cc..38fdccb8e8 100644 --- a/jer/14/13.md +++ b/jer/14/13.md @@ -1,5 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh has just told Jeremiah not to pray for the people of Judah. -## true security ## +# You will not see the sword -"real safety" or "certain safety" \ No newline at end of file +Here "sword" represents war, and to "see" represents experiencing. AT: "You will not experience any war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will give you true security + +Here "security" is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could give to another person. AT: "I will allow you to live securely" or "I will allow you to live peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# prophesy deceit + +The word "deceit" can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "prophesy deceitfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in my name + +This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh's power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I did not send them out + +This means that Yahweh did not send them out with messages to give to the people. AT: "I did not send them to prophesy to other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# coming from their own minds + +Here "minds" are spoken of as if they were a place instead of the ability to think of ideas. AT: "that they think up themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/15.md b/jer/14/15.md index a9047c08e9..e2316b9fa3 100644 --- a/jer/14/15.md +++ b/jer/14/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah has just been talking to Yahweh about the things the false prophets have been prophesying. -## there will be no sword ## +# in my name -"there will be no war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh's power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:14](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will pour out their wickedness on them ## +# there will be no sword ... and sword -"I will punish them the way the deserve to be punished". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] ) \ No newline at end of file +Here the "sword" represents war. AT: "there will be no war ... and war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then the people to whom they prophesied will be thrown out in the streets of Jerusalem because of famine and sword + +This can be stated in active form. This means that whole families will die and people will throw their bodies into the streets instead of burying them. AT: "Then the people to whom they prophesied will die by famine and sword and people will throw their bodies into the streets of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their wives, their sons, or their daughters + +This describes who is referred to by the word "them," that is, everyone who died by famine and sword. + +# I will pour out their wickedness on them + +Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people in accordance to their wicknedness as if their own wickedness were a liquid that he would pour upon them. AT: "I will punish them like they deserve to be punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/17.md b/jer/14/17.md index e185f5e03f..a78b84a207 100644 --- a/jer/14/17.md +++ b/jer/14/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## incurable wound ## +# night and day + +Here two opposite times of the day are given to mean all the time. AT: "all the time, both night and day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# of the virgin daughter of my people + +Here Yahweh speaks of his people being precious and dear to him as if they were his virgin daughter. AT: "of my people whom I cherish as a virgin daughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# incurable wound a cut or break in skin that cannot be cured -## wander ## +# who were killed by the sword -move around without purpose \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. Also, here the "sword" represents war. AT: "who died by the sword" or "who died in war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there are the diseases that are caused by famine + +Here the "diseases" represent the people who have these diseases because of their starvation. AT: "there are the ones who are sick because of famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wander + +move around without purpose + +# they do not know + +It may be helpful to state what they do not know. AT: "they do not know what they are doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/19.md b/jer/14/19.md index 6a4d7704ce..5445ecb64c 100644 --- a/jer/14/19.md +++ b/jer/14/19.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# for a time of healing + +The understood information may be supplied. AT: "we hoped for a time of healing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# We admit, Yahweh, our offenses, the iniquity of our ancestors + +"Yahweh, we admit our wicked offenses and our ancestors' iniquity" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/21.md b/jer/14/21.md index c8dd4edcdf..085e3ff02e 100644 --- a/jer/14/21.md +++ b/jer/14/21.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -Jeremiah continues his prayer to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Jeremiah continues his prayer to Yahweh. + +# For the sake of your name + +Here Yahweh's "name" refers to his reputation. AT: "For the sake of your reputation" or "In order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your glorious throne + +Yahweh's "throne" is represented by Zion, that is Jerusalem. His "throne" also represents the place where he rules as king. AT: "do disgrace Zion where you glorious throne is" or "do not disgrace Zion, where you rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# can make the heavens give the spring rain + +"can cause rain to fall from the sky" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/14/intro.md b/jer/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..54d39dd296 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Jeremiah 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 14:1-10, 17-22, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### False prophets ##### + +The false prophets promised there would not be any war or drought. They gave people a false sense of hope, when they needed to repent. Because of this, Yahweh sent a drought and said that the false prophets would die of drought and war. This showed that these were not true prophets of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/01.md b/jer/15/01.md index 830b650235..3aedd619a9 100644 --- a/jer/15/01.md +++ b/jer/15/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah has just been praying to Yahweh. -## Send them out from before me, for them to go away ## +# were standing in front of me, I would still not be in favor of this people -"Send them away from me! Let them go forth!" He repeats this idea for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This implies that they are pleading for Yahweh to spare the people. AT: "were standing in front of me pleading for these people, I would still not be in favor of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Those destined for death ## +# Send them out from before me, for them to go away -AT: "The people whom God said must die" or "the ones certain to die" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh repeats this idea of sending away his people to add emphasis to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# should go to death + +This speaks of dying as if death were a place that people can go to. AT: "should die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those destined for the sword should go to the sword + +Here the "sword" represents war. To be "destined for the sword" means to be destined to die in war. AT: "those destined to die in wars, should go to war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Those destined for famine should go to famine + +This means that these people are destined to die because of famine. This speaks of dying by famine as if "famine" were a place that people can go to. AT: "Those destined to die by famine should go and die by famine" or "Those destined to die by famine should go and do so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# should go to captivity + +"should go into captivity" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/03.md b/jer/15/03.md index ad3f626708..ef57bc9cad 100644 --- a/jer/15/03.md +++ b/jer/15/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh has just told them he will send some of them to death, some to die by the sword, some to die by famine, and some to be captives. -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# For I will assign them to four groups -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +This means that Yahweh will send four groups to work together to get rid of the people. AT: "For I will send four groups to get rid of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I will make of them a horror to all the kingdoms of the earth, on account of Manasseh son of Hezekiah, king of Judah, because of what he did in Jerusalem ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -AT: "And I will make them a frightful thing to all the kingdoms of the earth because of what Manasseh the son of Hezekiah, king of Judah, did in Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## I will assign them to four groups ## +# the sword -AT: "I will appoint four groups over them" \ No newline at end of file +Here the "sword" refers to the enemy soldiers. AT: "the enemy soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will make of them + +Here the word "them" refers to the people of Judah, not to the four groups listed in the previous verse. + +# because of what Manasseh ... did in Jerusalem + +Manasseh was a very wicked king who did many evil things in Jerusalem. AT: "because of the wicked things that Manasseh ... did in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/05.md b/jer/15/05.md index 275f1f8bd3..9610fdd955 100644 --- a/jer/15/05.md +++ b/jer/15/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,39 @@ -the sword, dogs, birds, and beasts. +# General Information: -## For who will have compassion for you, Jerusalem? Who will grieve for you? Who will turn to ask about your welfare? ## +Yahweh has just told them he will assign them to four groups to kill them—the sword, dogs, birds, and beasts. -AT: "No one should have compassion on you, the people who live in Jerusalem. No one should mourn for your destruction. No one should ask why you became such a miserable people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# For who will have compassion for you, Jerusalem? Who will grieve for you? Who will turn to ask about your welfare? -## pitchfork ## +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one should mourn for Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one should have compassion on you, Jerusalem. No one should mourn for your destruction. No one should ask about your well-being." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -a farm tool with a long handle and sharp metal prongs, used especially for lifting and tossing grain in the air for winnowing. +# for you, Jerusalem -## bereave them ## +Here "Jerusalem" refers to the people who live there. AT: "for you people who live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"I will even cause your children to be killed. " (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +# You have forsaken me ... you have gone back from me + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people have, indeed, forsaken Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# gone back from me + +"left me" or "gone away from me" + +# I will strike you with my hand + +Here "hand" represents power. AT: "I will use my power to strike you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# So I will winnow them with a pitchfork at the gates of the land + +Here Yahweh speaks of scattering the people and causing them to leave Jersalem as if they were winnowed chaff being blown away on the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pitchfork + +a farm tool with a long handle and sharp metal prongs, used especially for lifting and tossing grain in the air for winnowing + +# I will bereave them + +"I will cause their children to die" or "I will let their enemies kill their children" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/08.md b/jer/15/08.md index a22aac671a..8ba4337399 100644 --- a/jer/15/08.md +++ b/jer/15/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh has just told them no one will care about them and that he will destroy his people since they would not turn from their wicked ways. -## widows ## +# widows women whose husbands have died -## more than the sands of the seashore ## +# more than the sands of the seashore -AT: "more than you can count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"than the grains of sand on the seashore." This comparison is an exaggeration used to emphasize an uncountable number. AT: "more than you can count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## fall on them ## +# Against the mothers of young men I will send the destroyer at noonday -"happen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that Yahweh will send an enemy army to kill young men, which will cause their mothers great sorrow. AT: "At noonday I will send an enemy army to destroy young men and cause their mothers to weep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# fall on them + +This is an idiom. AT: "happen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# She will be ashamed and embarrassed + +The words "ashamed" and "embarrassed" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of shame. AT: "She will be completely ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# will waste away + +This is an idiom. AT: "will grow faint" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Her sun will set while it is still day + +This speaks of a woman becoming sorrowful because her children have died, as if her life were a day in which the sun had set early and turned to darkness. Here the darkness represents her sorrow. AT: "Because of her sorrow, it will be as though the sun has set and her day has turned to darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will give those who remain to the sword in the presence of their enemies + +Here the "sword" represents the enemy soldiers. This means that Yahweh will allow the enemy solider to kill any of her children that remain. AT: "I will allow the enemy soldiers to kill those of her children that remain alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/10.md b/jer/15/10.md index c99bf1ff8f..833d2472bc 100644 --- a/jer/15/10.md +++ b/jer/15/10.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh has just announced his punishment for Israel. +# General Information: -## Woe to me, my mother ## +In these verse, Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh about his suffering, and Yahweh answers him. + +# Woe to me, my mother Jeremiah pretends to speak to his mother as a way to emphasize how sad he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## controversy and argument ## +# a man of controversy and argument -The words "controversy" and "argument" mean basically the same thing. They are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "controversy" and "argument" mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize how much Jeremiah is arguing. AT: "a man with whom everyone argues all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## lent ## +# I have not lent, nor has anyone lent to me -to give a loan to someone +This refers to lending money to people. Often lending money causes people to fight with one another. AT: "I have not lent money to anyone, nor has anyone lent money to me" or "I have not made anyone angry by lending or borrow money and then quarreling about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Will I not rescue you for good? ## +# Will I not rescue you for good? -The implicit answer to this question is "yes". AT: "I will certainly rescue you for good!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The implicit answer to this rhetorical question is "yes." This question can be written as a statement. AT: "I will certainly rescue you for good!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## your enemies ## +# your enemies Those are the enemies of Jeremiah who disagreed with his prophecies. -## calamity and distress ## +# in the time of calamity and distress -The words "calamity" and "distress" should be understood as basically similar. The idea is repeated to emphasize how bad things will get. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here the words "calamity" and "distress" mean basically the same thing. They emphasize the amount or intensity of the calamity. AT: "in the time of great calamity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Can one smash iron? ## +# Can one smash iron? Especially iron from the north that is mixed with bronze? -The implied answer is "no". Also, the iron represents the firmness of God's judgment. AT: "My judgment cannot be broken, just like iron cannot be smashed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## Especially iron from the north that is mixed with bronze? ## - -This second question makes the first even stronger, and uses extra strong iron in the metaphor. AT: "Even more, my judgment is like super strong iron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +In these questions Yahweh speaks of the strength of Judah's enemies as if they were iron mixed with bronze. These rhetorical questions can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can smash iron, especially if it is as strong as the iron from the north that is mixed with bronze." or "But Judah's enemies, who are as strong as iron or bronze, will attack Judah from the north, no one will be able to stop them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/13.md b/jer/15/13.md index 63985d08ca..5507643fe4 100644 --- a/jer/15/13.md +++ b/jer/15/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## your enemies your wealth ... your sins ... your borders ## +# General Information: -The word "your" is singular, possible references are 1) Jeremiah or 2) the country of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +In these verse, Yahweh speaks to the nation of Israel as if it were one person. -## wealth and treasures ## +# wealth and treasures -The words "wealth" and "treasures" mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "wealth" and "treasures" mean the same thing and refer to anything that people consider to be valuable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## plunder ## +# plunder things that you steal from a city after conquering it -## a land that you do not know ## +# all your sins committed -AT: "a land that you have never lived in" +This can be written in active form. AT: "all of the sins you have committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you ## +# within all your borders -The judgment of God is compared to a fire that destroys. AT: "for a fire, started because of my wrath against you, will burn everything down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"throughout your country" + +# a land that you do not know + +"to a land that is strange to you" + +# for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you + +The wrath of God is spoken of as if it were a destructive fire. AT: "I will destroy you because I am very angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you + +Here Yahweh speaks of his wrath as if it were a fire. AT: "for my wrath is like a fire that I will kindle against you" or "for I will come against you in my wrath, and my wrath will be like a burning fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# kindled + +to light a fire \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/15.md b/jer/15/15.md index 735e87493d..82b12d1ec7 100644 --- a/jer/15/15.md +++ b/jer/15/15.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh. -## Call me to mind ## +# You are patient, but do not allow them to take me away -AT: "Remember me" or "Consider me and my situation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Jeremiah is asking Yahweh not to be patient with the sins of his enemies. The phrase "take me away" refers to him being killed. AT: "Please do not continue to be patient with them and allow them to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## my pursuers ## +# Your words have been found -"Those who search after me to harm me.". +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have heard your message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## In your patience do not take me away. ## +# I consumed them -AT: "Please do not continue to be patient with them and do not allow me to die now." +Jeremiah speaks of listening and understanding Yahweh's message as if it were food that he ate. AT: "I understood your message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Your words have been found ## +# the delight of my heart -AT: "I have heard your message." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here the "heart" represents a person emotions and feelings. AT: "what I love most" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and I consumed them ## +# I bear your name -"and I understood your message" - -## your name is proclaimed on me ## - -"people identified me as one who belongs to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"people know that I serve you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/17.md b/jer/15/17.md index 50ddb9c75f..cb7b603f87 100644 --- a/jer/15/17.md +++ b/jer/15/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## I did not sit in the circle of ## +# I did not sit in the circle of -AT: "I did not spend time with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "I did not spend time with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Why is my pain ongoing and my wound incurable, refusing to be healed? ## +# of your powerful hand -AT: "My pain is ongoing and my wound incurable. I cannot be healed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here Yahweh's "powerful hand" refers to his control and influence over Jeremiah. AT: "you powerfully influence me" or "you are the one who controls what I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Will you be like deceitful waters to me, waters that dry up? ## +# Why is my pain ongoing and my wound incurable, refusing to be healed? -AT: "Your promises to me are like a stream I go to for a drink only to find it dried up?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his pain. He speaks of his pain as if it were a physical wound. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "My pain is ongoing, it is like a wound that will not heal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# refusing to be healed + +This speaks of Jeremiah's wound as if it were a person that refuses to be healed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that will not heal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Will you be like deceitful waters to me, waters that dry up? + +Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he feels like he cannot depend on Yahweh. He speaks of this as if Yahweh were a stream that dries up. AT: "It feels like you are undependable to me, like a stream I go to for a drink only to find it dried up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/19.md b/jer/15/19.md index 090ca9e773..c00f0d6fb6 100644 --- a/jer/15/19.md +++ b/jer/15/19.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## you will be like my mouth ## +# you will be like my mouth Jeremiah is compared to the mouth of Yahweh because he will be used to speak Yahweh's message. AT: "you will speak for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## You yourself ## +# you yourself -The pronoun, “yourself”, is used here to emphasis the command was specifically for Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) +The pronoun, "yourself", is used here to emphasis the command was specifically for Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## like an impenetrable bronze wall to this people ## +# like an impenetrable bronze wall to this people -Yahweh compares Jeremiah to a wall because the people will not be able to defeat him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] +Yahweh compares Jeremiah to a wall because the people will not be able to defeat him. AT: "I will make you strong, like a bronze wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## they will wage war against you. But they will not defeat you ## +# they will wage war against you -AT: "They will fight against you, but they will not defeat you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of the people fighting with Jeremiah as if he were an army that they waged war against. AT: "they will fight against you" or "they will oppose you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## save and rescue ## +# save and rescue -The words “save” and “rescue” mean the same thing are are used together to emphasize the safety that God promises. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "save" and "rescue" mean the same thing and emphasize the safety that God promises. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## rescue you from … and redeem you from … ## +# rescue you from ... and redeem you from These phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize the safety that God provides. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## tyrant ## +# the hand of the wicked ... the hand of the tyrant + +Here the word "hand" represents control. AT: "the control of the wicked ... the control of the tyrant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the wicked + +This refers to wicked people. AT: "wicked people" or "those who are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# tyrant a ruler who demands absolute obedience and is not friendly for the people under his rule \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/15/intro.md b/jer/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8a8991553f --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Jeremiah 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 15:2-21, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Do not pray for the people ##### + +God told Jeremiah not to pray for the people because God was punishing them. This was meant to be an illustration for Jeremiah. Jeremiah was not to pray because the punishment was already determined. Yahweh also explains that even the great Moses could not help the sinful Jews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Yahweh uses Gentile nations ##### +Yahweh is going to use the Gentile nations to punish Judah. This would have been very offensive to the Jews. They would have also been surprised to learn that Yahweh was using the Gentile nations to punish his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/01.md b/jer/16/01.md index f9d465172e..5cddfdb2a4 100644 --- a/jer/16/01.md +++ b/jer/16/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the word of Yahweh came to ## +# the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## They will be like dung on the ground ## +# They will die diseased deaths -The sons and daughters born in the land are compared to dung because they will not be buried after they die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"They will die from deadly diseases" -## For they will come to an end ## +# They will not be mourned or buried -This is a mild way to say that they will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will mourn for them or bury them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## by sword ## +# They will be like dung on the ground -The word "sword" refers to an enemy army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The sons and daughters born in the land are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 8:2](../08/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they will come to an end by sword and famine + +The phrase "come to an end" is a mild way to say that they will die. The word "sword" represents an army whose soldiers fight with swords. The phrase represents dying in battle. AT: "they will die in battle or from famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/05.md b/jer/16/05.md index 3b2ce6b77f..208abcf90c 100644 --- a/jer/16/05.md +++ b/jer/16/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## I have gathered up my peace, covenant faithfulness, and acts of tender mercy ## +# the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -Yahweh gather different ways he has blessed the people of Israel to mean he will not bless the people of Israel anymore. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# where there is mourning -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +The word "mourning" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "where people are mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the great and the small ## +# I have taken away my peace from this people ... and my steadfast love and mercy -This refers to all kinds of people and uses size to refer to how important they are. Either great importance or small importance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Yahweh speaks of no longer acting towards the people with peace, steadfast love, and mercy as if these were items that he has taken away from them. AT: "I will no longer act towards them with peace ... or with steadfast love and mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## nor will anyone mourn for them. No one will cut themselves or shave their heads for them ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -These two [sentences/phrases] have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See” Parallelism) AT: "No one will mourn for them in any way." +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## cut themselves or shave their heads for them ## +# Both the great and the small -These are customs the people used to show they were very sad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to all kinds of people and uses size to refer to how important they are. AT: "Both the important and the unimportant" or "Many people, regardless of how important they are," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# They will not be buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will bury them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# no one will ... cut themselves or shave their heads for them + +Cutting oneself and shaving one's head were symbolic actions that expressed strong grief, especially when a loved one died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/07.md b/jer/16/07.md index be2c8344fc..2da51a331e 100644 --- a/jer/16/07.md +++ b/jer/16/07.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## No one must share any food in mourning to comfort them because of the deaths ... none must give a comforting cup to his father or his mother ## +# No one must share any food in mourning to comfort them because of the deaths ... none must give a comforting cup to his father or his mother -These two sentences have a similar meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) It was customary to take food or wine to people whose relative has died. Yahweh has removed all comfort from the people because of their sin. AT: "Do not comfort people when their relative dies" +These two clauses have a similar meaning. God said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. It was customary to take food or wine to people whose relative had died. Yahweh has removed all comfort from the people because of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel ## +# none must give a comforting cup -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:3](../07/03.md). +Here the word "cup" represents the drink that the cup holds. AT: "none must give a comforting drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## See ## +# a banquet house -AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +"a house where people are feasting" -## before your eyes ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -Here the word "your" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. AT: "in front of you" or "where you can see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## in your days ## +# See -AT: "during your lifetime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"Indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## voices of the groom and bride ## +# before your eyes -This refers to people celebrating at weddings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "your" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. The idiom means that Yahweh will do this where they can see. AT: "in front of you" or "where you can see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## groom ## +# in your days -The groom is the man getting married. \ No newline at end of file +This idiom means during their lifetime. AT: "during your lifetime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the sound of joy and the sound of gladness, the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride + +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:34](../07/33.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/10.md b/jer/16/10.md index 147de1babb..0e174f11c1 100644 --- a/jer/16/10.md +++ b/jer/16/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## iniquity and sin ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## this is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# worshiped and bowed down to them -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). - -## worshiped and bowed down ## - -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "bowed down to" mean basically the same thing as "worshiped" and describe the posture that people used in worship. God said essentially the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/12.md b/jer/16/12.md index 16b608288d..f88b1aed42 100644 --- a/jer/16/12.md +++ b/jer/16/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## see ## +# see -The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +"Indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## the stubbornness of his wicked heart ## +# walking by the stubbornness of his wicked heart -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 11:6](../11/06.md). +Yahweh speaks of a person's actions as if the person were walking along a path. Here the word "heart" represents the mind or will. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 11:8](../11/06.md). AT: "stubbornly doing the wicked things that he wants to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## who listens to me ## +# who listens to me "who does what I tell him to do" -## throw you from this land ## +# throw you from this land -"force you to leave this land" +Yahweh speaks of forcefully removing the people from the land as if he were throwing them from the land. AT: "force you to leave this land and go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## by day and night ## +# by day and night -AT: "all the time" or "continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The mention of both "day" and "night" means all the time. AT: "all the time" or "continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/14.md b/jer/16/14.md index 6695b0baf6..715c3d8ef1 100644 --- a/jer/16/14.md +++ b/jer/16/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## see! ## +# behold -The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## this is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## when it will no longer be said ## +# when it will no longer be said -AT: "when people will no longer say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when people will no longer say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## As Yahweh lives ## +# As Yahweh lives -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 12:16](../12/16.md). \ No newline at end of file +"As surely as Yahweh is alive." The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/01.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/16.md b/jer/16/16.md index fd8a03bb5f..4d17138dd3 100644 --- a/jer/16/16.md +++ b/jer/16/16.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## this is Yahweh's declaration ## +# I will send for many fishermen ... so they will fish the people out -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were fishermen who are catching fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## many fishermen...many hunters ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh compares the people who will take the Israelites into captivity to people who are skilled at trapping their prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## my eye is on all their ways ## +# I will send for many hunters so they will hunt for them among -AT: "I am watching everything they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were hunters who are hunting animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they cannot be hidden from before me ## +# my eye is on all their ways -Here the word "they" may refer either to the people or to their actions. AT: "I see all that they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here the word "eye" represents Yahweh who sees all that they do. AT: "I am watching everything they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Their iniquity cannot be concealed from before my eyes ## +# they cannot be hidden from before me -AT: "I see all their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "they" may refer either to the people or to their actions. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they cannot hide from me" or "they cannot hide their ways from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## iniquity and sin ## +# Their iniquity cannot be concealed from before my eyes -These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here the word "eyes" represents Yahweh who sees. This can be stated in active form. AT: "They cannot conceal their iniquity from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## their filling my inheritance with their disgusting idols ## +# for their polluting of my land -This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase and is used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh speaks of causing the land to be unacceptable to him as if the people had polluted the land. The words "their polluting" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "because they have polluted my land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## my inheritance ## +# for their filling my inheritance with their disgusting idols -This refers to the land of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +The idiom "to fill" means that they have placed many idols in the land. The words "their filling" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "because they have filled my inheritance with their disgusting idols" or "because their disgusting idols are everywhere in my inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my inheritance + +Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were his inheritance that he has claimed as a permanent possession. AT: "the land that is my inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/19.md b/jer/16/19.md index cf463e8af0..918ef1f596 100644 --- a/jer/16/19.md +++ b/jer/16/19.md @@ -1,39 +1,43 @@ -## Yahweh, you are my stronghold ## +# Yahweh, you are my stronghold Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh. -## my stronghold and my refuge, my place of safety ## +# my stronghold and my refuge, my place of safety -Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. He repeats the same idea three times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. He repeats the same idea three times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the ends of the earth ## +# The nations will go to you -AT: "everywhere on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the word "nations" represents the people from the nations. AT: "The people from the nations will go to you" or "The people of the nations will come to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## our ancestors inherited deceit ## +# the ends of the earth -Here the word "deceit" refers to false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. AT: "the farthest places on the earth" or "everywhere on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## They are empty; there is no profit in them ## +# our ancestors inherited deceit -Here the words "They" and "them" refer to the false gods that the ancestors taught us to believe in. The two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here the word "deceit" refers to false gods. AT: "our ancestors inherited nothing but false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Do people make gods for themselves? ## +# They are empty; there is no profit in them -Jeremiah asks this question to emphasize that people cannot make gods for themselves. AT: "People can not make gods for themselves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here the words "They" and "them" refer to the false gods that the ancestors taught them to believe in. The two phrases mean basically the same thing, with the second explaining how they "are empty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Therefore see! ## +# Do people make gods for themselves? But they are not gods -Here Yahweh begins speaking. The word “see” adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Therefore, indeed,” +The people ask this rhetorical question to emphasize that people cannot make gods for themselves. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "People cannot make gods for themselves. The things that they make are not gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I will cause them to know ## +# Therefore see + +"Therefore, indeed." Here Yahweh begins speaking. The word "see" adds emphasis to what follows. + +# I will cause them to know Here the word "them" refers to the people from the nations. Yahweh repeats this phrase for emphasis. -## my hand and my power ## +# my hand and my power -Here the word "hand" refers to power and authority. The two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here the word "hand" refers to power and authority. The two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize Yahweh's great power. AT: "my great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## they will know that Yahweh is my name ## +# they will know that Yahweh is my name -Here the word "name" refers to Yahweh's entire person. AT: "the will know that I am Yahweh, the true God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "name" refers to Yahweh's entire person. AT: "they will know that I am Yahweh, the true God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/16/intro.md b/jer/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b9c43296b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Jeremiah 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 16:19-21, which is an extended quotation. This quotation also continues in chapter 17 and these should be seen as one section. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Coming punishment ##### + +The punishment that is prophesied in this chapter will happen quickly. The author gives many illustrations which describe how quickly this punishment will come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +##### Israel restored ##### + +God will bring his people back from captivity. Even though the punishment of Judah will be great, Yahweh promised a future restoration. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/01.md b/jer/17/01.md index ee585cc7cd..97f92b7fd0 100644 --- a/jer/17/01.md +++ b/jer/17/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## The sin of Judah is written...on the horns of your altars ## +Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -The sins which the people of Judah have committed are permanent, just like words that a person engraves into stone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# The sin of Judah is written ... on the horns of your altars -## The sin of Judah is written ## +Yahweh speaks of Judah's sins being so great that they cannot stop committing them as if someone had engraved their sin permanently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "The people of Judah have written their sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# The sin of Judah is written -## It is engraved ## +Here the word "Judah" represents the people of Judah. This may be expressed in active form. AT: "Someone has written the sin of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "They have engraved it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# It is engraved -## engraved on tablet of their hearts ## +This may be expressed in active form. AT: "Someone has engraved it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -The hearts of the people are the tablets on which they have engraved their sins. The word "hearts" refers to the whole person, their thoughts, emotions, and actions. AT: "engraved on their very beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# engraved on the tablet of their hearts -## on the horns of your altars ## +The sinful habits of the people are spoken of as if their sins had been engraved on their own hearts. The word "hearts" refers to the whole person: their thoughts, emotions, and actions. AT: "engraved in their very beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# on the horns of your altars The word "horns" refers to the projections on the corners of the altars. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/03.md b/jer/17/03.md index 645c83945b..af25549383 100644 --- a/jer/17/03.md +++ b/jer/17/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,15 @@ -## They remember their altars on the mountains in the countryside ## +# your wealth and all your treasures -This phrase is a continuation from [Jeremiah 17:1](./01.md). Some ancient manuscripts read instead that "the mountains in the countryside" are part of the plunder that Yahweh will give to others. (See UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-manuscripts]]) +The words "wealth" and "treasures" mean the same thing and refer to anything that they consider valuable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## altars on the mountains ## - -These are alters where false gods are worshipped. AT: "your heathen alters" - -## your wealth and all your treasures ## - -The words "wealth" and "treasures" mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -## plunder ## +# plunder This refers to things that people steal or take by force. -## your sin is everywhere ## +# You will lose the inheritance that I gave to you -AT: "you have sinned everywhere" +Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were an inheritance that he had given to the people of Judah as a permanent possession. AT: "You will lose the land that I have given to you as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the inheritance ## +# you have ignited a fire in my wrath, which will burn forever -This refers to the land of Israel. - -## you have ignited a fire in my wrath, which will burn ## - -Yahweh compares his judgment to a fire that destroys. AT: “by making me angry, it is as if you have started a fire that will burn you up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the fierceness of his anger as if his anger were a fire that burns those with whom he is angry. AT: "you have made me so angry that my anger will be like a fire that will burn forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/05.md b/jer/17/05.md index 21532e79a1..12894bfd13 100644 --- a/jer/17/05.md +++ b/jer/17/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## The person who trusts in mankind is accursed ## +# The person who trusts in mankind is accursed -AT: "I will curse any person who trusts in mankind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will curse any person who trusts in mankind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he makes flesh his strength ## +# he makes flesh his strength -Here the word "flesh" refers to people. AT: "he depends on mere humans for strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "flesh" represents humans. AT: "he depends on mere humans for strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## turns his heart away from Yahweh ## +# turns his heart away from Yahweh Here the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and emotions. AT: "turns his devotion away from Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## like a small bush ## +# like a small bush The person who trusts in man instead of Yahweh will be like a plant that struggles to survive in an infertile land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## barren land ## +# the wilderness, barren land without inhabitants -AT: "he will be useless like a bush in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "barren land without inhabitants" describes and means basically the same thing as "wilderness." AT: "the barren wilderness where no person lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/07.md b/jer/17/07.md index 913e6d7008..b0bfbb9d4b 100644 --- a/jer/17/07.md +++ b/jer/17/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## he will be like a plant beside waters ## +# he will be like a tree planted by water -The person who trusts in Yahweh will always prosper, just like a tree does when it is planted by a river. It is not affected when there is no rain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The person who trusts in Yahweh will always prosper, just like a tree does when it is planted by a river. It is not affected when there is no rain. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will be like a tree that someone has planted by water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## He will not see heat is coming ## +# It will not fear the heat when it comes ... It is not anxious in a year of drought -"He will not be disturbed by hot weather is coming" - -## he will not be anxious ## - -"he will not be worried" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of a tree that draws its water from a stream being unaffected by heat and drought as if the tree were unafraid of these things. AT: "The heat will not affect it when it comes ... No harm is caused to it in a year of drought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/09.md b/jer/17/09.md index f2801af206..7108042f1d 100644 --- a/jer/17/09.md +++ b/jer/17/09.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## The heart is more deceitful ## +# The heart is more deceitful Here the word "heart" refers to the minds and thoughts of people. AT: "The human mind is more deceitful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## who can understand it? ## +# who can understand it? -The speaker uses this question to emphasize that no one can understand the human heart. AT: "no one can understand it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The speaker uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can understand the human heart. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "no one can understand it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## who tests the heart ## +# who tests the hearts -Here the word "heart" refers to the emotions. AT: "who tests people's desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "hearts" represents the emotions. AT: "who tests the emotions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the fruit of his deeds ## +# according to his ways -Here the word "fruit" refers to the results of a person's actions. AT: "what he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here a person's behavior is spoken of as if it were the paths along which he walks. AT: "according to how he lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## A partridge hatches an egg...become rich unjustly ## +# the fruit of his deeds -The person who becomes rich by dishonest means is like a bird that steals eggs from another bird. The bird does not keep the eggs and the rich person will not benefit from his money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the results of a person's actions are spoken of as if they were fruit. AT: "what he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in his prime of life ## +# A partridge hatches an egg ... become rich unjustly -AT: "when he has lived only half of his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This analogy of a bird that hatches another bird's eggs is meant to illustrate a rich man who makes his money by robbing others. -## riches will abandon him ## +# when half his days are over -AT: "he will loose his wealth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here the word "days" stands for someone's entire life. AT: "when he has lived only half of his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## in the end ## +# those riches will abandon him + +The riches are spoken of as if they were servants who would abandon their owner. AT: "he will lose his wealth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# in the end "at the end of his life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/12.md b/jer/17/12.md index 011184eb19..91ece65a4d 100644 --- a/jer/17/12.md +++ b/jer/17/12.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## The place of our temple is a glorious throne ## +# The place of our temple is a glorious throne -Jeremiah compares the temple to a "glorious throne" because it is there that Yahweh dwells and rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jeremiah speaks of the temple being a "glorious throne" because it is there that Yahweh dwells and rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The place of our temple ## +# The place of our temple -This refers to Zion in Jerusalem. +This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem. -## All who abandon you ## +# All who abandon you Here the word "you" refers to Yahweh. -## those in the land who turn away from you will be cut off ## +# those in the land who turn away from you will be written in the earth -AT: "you will cut off those in the land who turn away from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will write in the dust those in the land who turn away from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## fountain of living waters ## +# will be written in the earth -Jeremiah compares Yahweh to a fresh water spring. AT: "fountain of fresh, running water" or "the source of all life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people dying and being forgotten as if someone writes their names in the dust, and those names quickly disappear. AT: "will disappear like names that someone writes in the dust" or 2) the word "earth" is a metonym for the place of the dead. The phrase is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people going to the place of the dead as if someone enrolled their names in the records of those who have died. AT: "will join those in the place of the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will be healed...I will be rescued ## +# Yahweh, the fountain of living waters -AT: "you really will have healed me...you really will have recused me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh being the source of life as if he were a fountain of living waters. AT: "Yahweh, who is like a fountain of living waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my song of praise ## +# the fountain of living waters -"the one whom I praise" \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah speaks of fresh, running water as if it were living water. AT: "the fountain of fresh, running water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will be healed ... I will be rescued + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you really will have healed me ... you really will have rescued me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For you are my song of praise + +Possible meanings are 1) "For you are the one whom I praise" or 2) "For you are the reason I sing praise." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/15.md b/jer/17/15.md index a224c593fd..e217913576 100644 --- a/jer/17/15.md +++ b/jer/17/15.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## See ## +# See -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## they are saying to me ## +# they are saying to me Here the word "me" refers to Jeremiah and the word "they" to his enemies. -## Where is the word of Yahweh? ## +# Where is the word of Yahweh? -The people use this question to ridicule Jeremiah because the things that he said had not yet happened. AT: "Where are the things that Yahweh told you would happen?" or "The things that Yahweh told you would happen have not happened." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The people use this question to ridicule Jeremiah because the things that he said had not yet happened. It can also be translated as a statement. AT: "Where are the things that Yahweh told you would happen?" or "The things that Yahweh told you would happen have not happened." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Let it come ## +# Let it come -AT: "Let them happen" +"Let what Yahweh has said happen" -## a shepherd following you ## +# I did not run from being a shepherd following you -Yahweh called Jeremiah to lead the people, like a shepherd leads his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jeremiah speaks of leading and caring for the people as if he were a shepherd caring for sheep. He speaks of his abandoning that work as if he were running away from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I did not long for ## +# I did not long for "I did not desire" -## the proclamations that came from my lips ## +# the proclamations that came from my lips -AT: "the proclamations that I spoke" or "the things that I proclaimed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here the word "lips" represents Jeremiah who spoke. The word "proclamations" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "the proclamations that I spoke" or "the things that I proclaimed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## They were made ## +# They were made -AT: "I made them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I made them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/17.md b/jer/17/17.md index 0ad62c57ae..e9d7c3b893 100644 --- a/jer/17/17.md +++ b/jer/17/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## on the day of calamity ## +# You are my refuge -"Day" represents the span of time for God's judgment to take place. AT: "in times of calamity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## May my pursuers be ashamed, but do not let me be ashamed ## +# on the day of calamity -AT: "Bring shame on my pursuers, but do not bring shame on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"in times of calamity" -## May they be dismayed, but do not let me be dismayed ## +# May my pursuers be ashamed, but do not let me be ashamed -This phrase means basically the same thing and the previous one and is used for emphasis. AT: "Make them very afraid, but do not make me afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Bring shame on my pursuers, but do not bring shame on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## shatter them with a double share of destruction ## +# May they be dismayed, but do not let me be dismayed -AT: "shatter them with complete destruction" or "destroy them twice as much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous one and adds emphasis to Jeremiah's prayer. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Make them very afraid, but do not make me afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# shatter them with a double share of destruction + +Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh destroying his enemies as if they were objects that Yahweh would shatter. The idiom "a double share" means to give twice as much. AT: "shatter them with complete destruction" or "destroy them twice as much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/19.md b/jer/17/19.md index a8f5a60ea2..710b22883d 100644 --- a/jer/17/19.md +++ b/jer/17/19.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# then in all the other gates of Jerusalem + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "then go and stand in all the other gates of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/21.md b/jer/17/21.md index 9a370612bc..a160b9aa3a 100644 --- a/jer/17/21.md +++ b/jer/17/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Keep your lives and ## +# for the sake of your lives -AT: "Protect your lives and" or "If you value your lives," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"to protect your lives" -## listen or pay attention ## +# They did not listen or pay attention -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people refused to listen. AT: "They refused to listen" or "They refused to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# stiffened their neck + +Jeremiah speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff and unmovable. AT: "became stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/24.md b/jer/17/24.md index 57ba0139b8..a678999291 100644 --- a/jer/17/24.md +++ b/jer/17/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## this is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## who sit on David's throne ## +# those who sit on David's throne -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 13:12](../13/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as "David's throne." See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 13:13](../13/12.md). AT: "those who sit on Judah's throne" or "the kings of the nation of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## this city will remain forever ## +# this city will be inhabited forever -"this city will always exist" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will inhabit this city forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/26.md b/jer/17/26.md index 44df33d194..4e5e4d9268 100644 --- a/jer/17/26.md +++ b/jer/17/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## to my house ## +# I will light a fire in its gates -This refers to the temple. +"I will set the gates of Jerusalem on fire" -## I will light a fire in its gates ## +# it cannot be put out -"I will start a fire in the gates of Jerusalem" - -## that will not be extinguished ## - -AT: "that people cannot extinguish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people cannot put it out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/17/intro.md b/jer/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..12e60abc70 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Jeremiah 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 17:1-18, which is an extended quotation. This quotation is a continuation of chapter 16:19-21 and these should be seen as one section. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trusting God or humans ##### + +Trust is an important part of this chapter. Those who trust in human wisdom will not prosper. Those who trust in God will have all of their needs met. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Simile ##### + +The person who depends on the power of other people is compared to a bush in the desert which always has to struggle for life. But the person who trusts in God is like a tree growing by a stream and has all his needs supplied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/01.md b/jer/18/01.md index 324d1a15bb..c913c6edfe 100644 --- a/jer/18/01.md +++ b/jer/18/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,31 @@ -## the word of Yahweh that came to ## +# The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said," or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the word of Yahweh came to ## +# the potter's house -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +"the workshop of the potter." A potter is someone who makes pots from clay. -## the potter's house ## +# behold! -A potter is someone who makes pots and other useful, small things from clay. AT: "the workshop of the potter" +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## behold ## +# on the potter's wheel -The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. +The potter's wheel is a small table that spins. A potter uses it to make pots. -## on the potter's wheel ## +# the object of clay that he was molding was ruined in his hand -The potter's wheel is a small table that spins, a potter uses it to make pots. AT: "at his table" or "to make pots" +The word "ruined" means that the object had some kind of imperfection in it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the object of clay that he was molding with his hands was not good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## molding ## +# molding "forming" or "shaping" -## was ruined in his hand ## +# so he changed his mind -AT: "fell apart in his hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This idiom means to decide to do something else. AT: "so he made a different choice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## so he changed his mind​ ## +# that seemed good in his eyes to do -AT: "so he made a different choice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## good in his eyes ## - -The eyes stand for the potter himself. AT: "good to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "eyes" represents sight and sight represents one's opinion. AT: "as he thought best to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/05.md b/jer/18/05.md index 3363117e6d..1670d1df59 100644 --- a/jer/18/05.md +++ b/jer/18/05.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## the word of Yahweh came to ## +# the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Should I not be able to act like this potter with you, house of Israel? ## +# Should I not be able to act like this potter with you, house of Israel? -With this question, Yahweh emphasizes his authority to do as he pleases with Israel. AT: "I am allowed to act toward you, house of Israel, like the potter acts toward the clay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +With this question, Yahweh emphasizes his authority to do as he pleases with Israel. AT: "I am allowed to act toward you, house of Israel, like the potter acts toward the clay." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## this is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# house of Israel -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "kingdom of Israel" or "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## See! ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed!” +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Like clay in a potter's hand—that is how you are in my hand ## +# Behold! -This phrase repeats what was implicit in the previous phrase in the form of a simile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"Indeed!" This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. -## I may proclaim something ## +# Like clay in a potter's hand—that is how you are in my hand -AT: "perhaps I proclaim something" or "for example, I proclaim something" +Yahweh compares his being able to remake Israel as he see fit to the way that the potter is able to remake a lump of clay as he sees fit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## tear it down, or destroy it ## +# tear it down, or destroy it -These two expressions basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how destructive God's judgment will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two expressions basically mean the same thing. In the first expression, Yahweh speaks of destroying a kingdom as if the kingdom were a plant or a building that he tears down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## relent from ## +# relent from -"withhold" AT: "not bring" \ No newline at end of file +"withhold" or "not bring" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/09.md b/jer/18/09.md index b8701d33cb..a52de95673 100644 --- a/jer/18/09.md +++ b/jer/18/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## build it up or plant it ## +# build it up or plant it -These two verbs basically mean the same thing and emphasize God's blessing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of strengthening kingdoms as if they were buildings that he would build, and as if they were plants that he would plant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## plant it ## +# if it does evil in my eyes -This phrase compares God's blessing to carefully placing a plant in a garden. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the word "it" refers to a nation or kingdom, which is a metonym for the people in that nation or kingdom. The word "eyes" represents seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "if the people of that nation do things that I consider to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## evil in my eyes ## +# not listening to my voice -The eyes of Yahweh refer to Yahweh himself. AT: "things that I consider to be evil" or "evil according to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## not listening to my voice ## - -AT: "not obeying my commands" or "not paying attention to what I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "voice" represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Here, "not listening" is an idiom that means that they do not obey. AT: "not obeying what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/11.md b/jer/18/11.md index 049535c77a..0b7e70b787 100644 --- a/jer/18/11.md +++ b/jer/18/11.md @@ -1,35 +1,31 @@ -## See ## +# See -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## I am about to form disaster against you. I am about to devise a plan against you ## +# I am about to form disaster against you. I am about to devise a plan against you -Both of these sentences describe the same thing to emphasize how dangerous this warning is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh speaks of planning disaster as if disaster were an object that he forms, like the potter would form clay. The second sentence repeats the same idea as the first using different words. AT: "I am about to devise a plan to bring disaster against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## form disaster ## +# devise a plan -Yahweh refers to disaster as something he forms as a person would form clay. AT: "shape" or "create" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"make a plan" -## devise ## +# his wicked way -"think of " or "plan" or "create" +Yahweh speaks of a person's lifestyle as if it were a "way" or path along which the person walks. AT: "his wicked way of living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his wicked path ## +# so your ways and your practices will bring good to you -AT: "his wicked way of living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The words "ways" and "practices" both refer to a person's actions and general lifestyle. AT: "so your actions will result in good happening to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## your ways and your practices ## - -The words "ways" and "practices" basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize that their whole way of living has to change. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -## But they will say ## +# But they will say The word "they" refers to the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem. -## This is no use ## +# This is no use -AT: "We have no hope" +Possible meanings for this idiom are 1) the people do not care about what Jeremiah will say to them. AT: "We do not care what you say" or 2) The people do not think that anything good will come of what Jeremiah tells them to do. AT: "What you are saying will not work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## what his evil, stubborn heart desires ## +# what his evil, stubborn heart desires -This person is referred to by the part of his body associated with emotions. AT: "by his wicked desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "heart" represents the person's mind or will. AT: "what his evil, stubborn mind desires" or "whatever evil things that we stubbornly want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/13.md b/jer/18/13.md index 446bb40e65..4062f52fcf 100644 --- a/jer/18/13.md +++ b/jer/18/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Ask the nations, who has ever heard of such a thing as this? ## +# Ask the nations, who has ever heard of such a thing as this? -Implicit is that the nations will say that nobody has ever heard something like this. AT: "Nowhere on earth has anyone ever heard of such a thing like this!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here the word "nations" represents the people in the nations. Yahweh asks this question to scold the people of Judah. AT: "Ask the nations if any of them have ever heard of such a thing as this." or "Nowhere on earth has anyone ever heard of such a thing like this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## The virgin Israel ## +# The virgin Israel has committed a horrible act -Israel is ironically described as a virgin woman. AT: "Israel, who falsely pretends to be fully devoted to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. Yahweh speaks of Israel being pure and faithful towards him as if she were a virgin and of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she had "committed a horrible act." AT: "Israel, who is like a virgin, has done something horrible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Does the snow in Lebanon ever leave the rocky hills in the fields? ## +# Does the snow in Lebanon ever leave the rocky hills on its sides? -The implicit answer to this question is "no". AT: "The snow of Lebanon clearly never leaves the rocky hills in the fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the snow on the mountains never melts. AT: "The snow in Lebanon never leaves the rocky hills on its sides." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do the mountain streams coming from far away ever lose their water? ## +# the rocky hills on its sides -The implicit answer to this question is also "no". AT: "The moutain streams coming from far away surely never lose their water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the sides of the rocky hills" + +# Are the mountain streams coming from far away ever destroyed, those cold streams? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the mountain streams never cease to flow. He speaks of the streams drying up as if they were destroyed. AT: "Those cold mountain streams that come from far away never cease to flow." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/15.md b/jer/18/15.md index e66f85009c..40772b5588 100644 --- a/jer/18/15.md +++ b/jer/18/15.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## stumble in their paths ## +# been made to stumble in their paths -Here the word "their" refers to "my people." +Yahweh speaks of a person's lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks, and of living unfaithfully to him as if the person stumbled along the path. This can be stated in active form. AT: "this caused them to stumble in their paths" or "it is like they stumbled while walking on a path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## will become a horror ## +# they have left the ancient paths to walk lesser paths -AT: "will become something that horrifies people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Yahweh speaks of a person's lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks. Here, "the ancient paths" represents the way that Yahweh had told their ancestors to live and "lesser paths" represents living unfaithfully to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## hissing ## +# will become a horror -This is a sound that shows strong disapproval. +The word "horror" may be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "will become something that horrifies people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## passes by her ## +# an object of everlasting hissing + +The word "hissing" refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "an object at which people will always hiss" + +# passes by her Here the word "her" refers to "Their land." -## I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind ## +# I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind -Yahweh compares himself to wind from the east that scatters dust and debris. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh speaks of causing the people to flee before their enemies as if he were an eastern wind that scatters dust and debris. AT: "I will be like an eastern wind and scatter them before their enemies" or "I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind scatters dust and debris" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will scatter them ## +# will scatter them Here the word "them" refers to "my people." -## I will show them my back, and not my face ## +# I will show them my back, and not my face -This action symbolizes that God will refuse to help his people. \ No newline at end of file +"I will turn my back toward them, and not my face." Turning one's back towards someone is a symbolic action that represents rejection and turning one's face towards someone is a symbolic action that represents favor. AT: "I will reject them and not act favorably towards them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/18.md b/jer/18/18.md index 344ea7b453..fe72bcb2e5 100644 --- a/jer/18/18.md +++ b/jer/18/18.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## let us make plots against Jeremiah ## +# let us make plots against Jeremiah "let us make plans to harm Jeremiah" -## the law will never perish from the priests, or advice from the wise men, or words from the prophets ## +# the law will never perish from the priests, or advice from the wise men, or words from the prophets -AT: "the priests will always have the law, the wise men will always give advice, and the prophets will always speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +The words "will never perish" can be supplied to each of these phrases. This can also be expressed in positive terms. AT: "the law will never perish from the priests, and advice will never perish from the wise men, and words will never perish from the prophets" or "the priests will always have the law, the wise men will always give advice, and the prophets will always speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## attack him with our words ## +# words from the prophets -"say things that will harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "words" represents messages that the prophets speak from Yahweh. AT: "words of Yahweh from the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Pay attention to me ## +# attack him with our words + +The people speak of speaking harmful words against Jeremiah as if their words were weapons with which they attack him. AT: "say things that will harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Pay attention to me Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh. -## Will disaster from them really be my reward for being good to them?​ ## +# Will disaster from them really be my reward for being good to them? Jeremiah asks this question to emphasize that good actions should not be repaid with bad things. AT: "Disaster from them should not be my reward for being good to them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## dug a pit for my life ## +# they have dug a pit for me -AT: "dug a pit to trap me and kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit in which to trap him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to cause your fury to turn away from them ## +# to cause your fury to turn away from them -AT: "so that you would not punish them in your anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "fury" represents the punishment that Yahweh intended to inflict upon them. Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh not punishing them as if he were turning his fury away from them. AT: "so that you would not punish them in your anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/21.md b/jer/18/21.md index d56b233ce6..552f59f791 100644 --- a/jer/18/21.md +++ b/jer/18/21.md @@ -1,35 +1,47 @@ -## give them over to the power of the sword ## +# hand over their children to famine -"Sword" represents warfare. AT: "cause them to die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The idiom "hand over" means to place a person in the power of another person. Jeremiah speaks of "famine" as if it were a person who could have power over others. AT: "cause their children to die from famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## let their women become bereaved and widows ## +# give them to the hands of those who use the sword -"let the children and husbands of their women die" +Here the word "hands" represents power. AT: "cause those who use the sword to have power over them" or "cause them to die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## their men be killed, and their young men killed by the sword ## +# let their women become bereaved and widows -AT: "people kill their men, and kill their young men with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"let the children and husbands of their women die." The word "bereaved" refers to a woman whose children have all died. -## a distressed shout be heard ## +# their men be killed -AT: "people hear a distressed shout" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. This can be stated in active form. AT: "let people kill their men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For they have dug a pit to capture me and have hidden traps for my feet ## +# their young men killed by the sword in battle -Jeremiah's enemies are trying to capture him like a person would capture a wild animal. Jeremiah repeats the same idea twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. This can be stated in active form. AT: "let people kill their young men with swords in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they have dug a pit ## +# Let a distressed shout be heard -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:18](./18.md). +The phrase "a distressed shout" can be translated with a verbal phrase. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let people hear a distressed shout" or "Let people hear others shout in distress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## iniquities and sins ## +# For they have dug a pit to capture me and have hidden traps for my feet -These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases share similar meanings. Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit for him to fall into and set traps in which to capture him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Do not wipe their sins away from you ## +# they have dug a pit -This phrase means the same thing as the previous phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:20](./18.md). -## let them be overthrown before you ## +# have hidden traps for my feet -AT: "let people overthrow them in your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "feet" represents Jeremiah. AT: "have hidden traps for me" or "have hidden traps for me to step on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Do not wipe their sins away from you + +Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh forgiving his enemies' sins as if someone had written their sins down and Yahweh would erase them. This phrase means the same thing as the previous phrase. AT: "Do not pardon their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# let them be overthrown before you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let people overthrow them in your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the time of your wrath + +The word "wrath" can be translated with a verb. AT: "when you are still angry with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/18/intro.md b/jer/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1365e2d315 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Jeremiah 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 18:13-17, 19-23, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Attacking Jeremiah ##### +Things were so bad in Judah, they even attacked Jeremiah. To attack Yahweh's prophet was to attack Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Simile ##### + +Like a potter can change what he is making from one type of pot to another, God can change his plans and not punish people if they repent. The image of God as a potter and mankind as clay is an important one in Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/19/01.md b/jer/19/01.md index 848c0e4597..2598d6a37f 100644 --- a/jer/19/01.md +++ b/jer/19/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Valley of Ben Hinnom ## +# Valley of Ben Hinnom -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). +This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). -## See ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -AT: "Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## the ears of everyone who hears of it will tingle ## +# See -AT: "it will shock everyone who hears of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# the ears of everyone who hears of it will tingle + +Here "ears ... will tingle" is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. AT: "it will shock everyone who hears of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will tingle + +Possible meanings are 1) "will ring" or 2) "will quiver." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/19/04.md b/jer/19/04.md index a4c71e80ce..97817cee24 100644 --- a/jer/19/04.md +++ b/jer/19/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## they have abandoned me ## +# they have abandoned me Here the word "they" refers to the people of Judah. -## filled this place with innocent blood ## +# filled this place with innocent blood -AT: "murdered many innocent people in this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "innocent blood" represents the murder of innocent people. Yahweh speaks of murdering many people as filling a place with blood. AT: "murdered many innocent people in this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## something that I did not command ## +# nor did it enter my mind -AT: "something that I forbid them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) - -## nor did it even come up in my heart ## - -Here the word "heart" refers to the mind. AT: "nor did I every think about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "mind" refers to Yahweh's thoughts. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). AT: "nor did I ever think about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/19/06.md b/jer/19/06.md index 310364eb2a..81d2eb2d31 100644 --- a/jer/19/06.md +++ b/jer/19/06.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## see ## +# see -AT: “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +"listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## this is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## this place will no longer be called ## +# this place will no longer be called -AT: "people will no longer call this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will no longer call this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Topheth, the Valley of Ben Hinnom...the Valley of Slaughter ## +# Topheth ... the Valley of Ben Hinnom ... the Valley of Slaughter -See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). +See how you translated the names of these places in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). -## I will make them to fall by the sword before their enemies ## +# I will make them to fall by the sword before their enemies -AT: "I will make their enemies kill them with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The idiom "to fall by the sword" means to die in battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will enable their enemies to kill them with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and by the hand of the ones seeking their lives ## +# I will make them -This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase. AT: "and I will allow those who want to kill them to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The word "them" refers to the people of Judah and Jerusalem. -## hissing ## +# by the hand of the ones seeking their lives -The "S" sound, which shows strong disapproval. +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The idiom "fall ... by the hand of" means to be killed by someone, with the word "hand" representing the whole person. AT: "I will enable those who want to kill them to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I will make them eat ## +# the object of hissing -"I will make the people who live in Jerusalem eat" \ No newline at end of file +The word "hissing" refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "an object at which people hiss" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will make them eat + +"I will make the people who live in Jerusalem eat" + +# in the siege + +"because of the siege" + +# and in the anguish brought on them by their enemies and the ones seeking their lives + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because their enemies and those who are seeking their lives have brought anguish upon them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/19/10.md b/jer/19/10.md index 809a25007e..e34517136b 100644 --- a/jer/19/10.md +++ b/jer/19/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## this is Yahweh's declaration ## +# in the sight of the men who went with you -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +The abstract noun "sight" can be expressed with the verb "watching." AT: "while the men who went with you are watching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## it cannot be repaired ## +# Yahweh of hosts says this -AT: "no one can repair it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# it could not be repaired again + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one can repair it again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/19/12.md b/jer/19/12.md index a092a6e044..a58055a5ff 100644 --- a/jer/19/12.md +++ b/jer/19/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## this is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## and of the kings of Judah ## +# of the kings of Judah -AT: "and the houses of the kings of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "the houses" may be supplied here. AT: "the houses of the kings of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the unclean people + +People who are not acceptable for God's purposes are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/19/14.md b/jer/19/14.md index 7f070eb6e9..d3f9f0d4ab 100644 --- a/jer/19/14.md +++ b/jer/19/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## See ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## stiffened their neck and refused to listen ## +# See -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Look" or "Listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# stiffened their neck and refused to listen + +These two phrases both speak of the people being stubborn. In the first phrase, Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff. AT: "stubbornly refused to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/19/intro.md b/jer/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..12db61dfc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### People horrified ##### + +The destruction of Jerusalem will be so complete that it will leave dead bodies everywhere and horrify people who see it. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/01.md b/jer/20/01.md index 8a34d877ec..036e625b5a 100644 --- a/jer/20/01.md +++ b/jer/20/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## he was a leading officer ## +Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Here the word "he" refers to Pashur. +# Pashhur ... Immer -## Pashur beat Jeremiah ## +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -Possible meanings are 1) that Pashur himself beat Jeremiah, or 2) that Pashur ordered other men to beat Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Pashhur beat Jeremiah -## stocks ## +Possible meanings are 1) that Pashhur himself beat Jeremiah or 2) that Pashhur ordered other men to beat Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# stocks Stocks are a wooden frame with holes in it that people use to lock up a prisoner's hands, feet, and head. -## Upper Gate of Benjamin ## +# Upper Gate of Benjamin This gate is different from the gate in the city wall that shared the same name. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/03.md b/jer/20/03.md index cd9927e79f..fa4246442b 100644 --- a/jer/20/03.md +++ b/jer/20/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## It happened ## +# It happened This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## you are Magor Missabib ## +# you are Magor Missabib This name means "terror on every side" or "surrounded by terror." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Look ## +# Look, -AT: “Take note to what I am about to tell you” +This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." -## they will fall by the sword of their enemies ## +# they will fall by the sword of their enemies -AT: "their enemies will kill them with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The idiom "fall by the sword" means that they will die in battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "their enemies will kill them with swords" or "their enemies will kill them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## your eyes will see it ## +# your eyes will see it -AT: "you will see it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "eyes" represents Pashhur. AT: "you will see it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## I will give all of Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon ## +# I will give all of Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "I will enable the king of Babylon to conquer all of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/05.md b/jer/20/05.md index f1aaa86ae7..0811b1529c 100644 --- a/jer/20/05.md +++ b/jer/20/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## I will give him ## +# I will give him Here the word "him" refers to the king of Babylon. -## all the wealth...all of its riches, all of its precious items and all the treasures ## +# all the wealth ... all of its riches, all of its precious items and all the treasures -Yahweh repeats the same basic idea four times for emphasis. That is Babylon will take away all the wealth of Israel, including the King's possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh repeats the same basic idea four times for emphasis. Babylon will take away all the wealth of Israel, including the king's possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## I will place these things in the hand of your enemies ## +# I will place these things in the hand of your enemies -Here the word "hand" refers to possession. AT: "I will allow your enemies to take possession of these things" or "I will give these things to your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Placing things in people's hands represents giving thing to the people or allowing the people to take the things. AT: "I will give these things to your enemies" or "I will allow your enemies to take possession of these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## You and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied ## +# You and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things will be buried there -AT: "There, people will bury you and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "There, people will bury you and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/07.md b/jer/20/07.md index a4a8b9e6fc..872f9133e6 100644 --- a/jer/20/07.md +++ b/jer/20/07.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -Jeremiah Speaks to Yahweh +# General Information: -## I was indeed persuaded ## +Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh. -AT: "I allowed you to persuade me" (UDB) or "you really did persuade me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Yahweh, you deceived me, and I was deceived -## laughingstock ## +Some modern versions interpret these Hebrew expressions as "Yahweh, you persuaded me, and I was indeed persuaded." + +# I was deceived + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you deceived me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I have become a laughingstock all day long; everyone mocks me + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the way others mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# laughingstock This is a person whom others laugh at and make fun of. -## Every day is filled with the mocking of me ## +# called out and proclaimed -This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase. AT: "People mock me all day every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he proclaimed Yahweh's message boldly. AT: "openly proclaimed" or "proclaimed loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## called out and proclaimed ## +# Yahweh's word has become for me reproach and mocking every day -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "spoken out in your name saying," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here "word" refers to the message of Yahweh. The words "reproach" and "mocking" can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "people reproach and mock me every day because I proclaim Yahweh's message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Yahweh's word has turned into reproach and mocking for me every day ## +# for me reproach and mocking -AT: "People reproach and mock me every day because I proclaim Yahweh's word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The words "reproach" and "mocking" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people have ridiculed Jeremiah for proclaiming Yahweh's message. AT: "a reason for people to ridicule me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## reproach and mocking ## +# I will not speak any longer in his name -These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "I will never mention Yahweh or say anything about him" or 2) the word "name" represents authority. AT: "I will no longer speak as his messenger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will no longer proclaim his name ## +# it is like a fire in my heart, held within my bones -Possible meanings are 1) "I will no longer say anything about him" (UDB) or 2) "I will no longer speak as as his messenger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## it is like a fire in my heart, a burning held in by my bones ## - -Jeremiah compares Yahweh's message to a fire that burns uncontrollably. AT: "Yahweh's word is like a fire that burns deep within me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the words "heart" and "bones" represent Jeremiah's innermost being. Jeremiah speaks of being unable to not speak Yahweh's message as if Yahweh's message were a fire that burns within him. AT: "Yahweh's word is like a fire that burns deep within me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/10.md b/jer/20/10.md index 2f35c54a1a..92b122fe0a 100644 --- a/jer/20/10.md +++ b/jer/20/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Report. We must report it ## +# Report! We must report it Jeremiah's enemies say these words. -## Perhaps he can be fooled...take vengeance on him ## +# watch to see if I will fall + +Jeremiah speaks of his enemies waiting for him to do something wrong for which they might accuse him as if they were watching for him to fall down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Perhaps he can be tricked ... take our revenge on him Jeremiah's enemies say these words. -## Perhaps he can be fooled ## +# Perhaps he can be tricked -AT: "Perhaps we can trick him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Perhaps we can trick him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Yahweh is with me like a powerful warrior ## +# Yahweh is with me like a powerful warrior -Yahweh is like a powerful warrior who protects Jeremiah and defeats his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Jeremiah compares Yahweh helping him and defending him against his enemies to a powerful warrior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## never to be forgotten ## +# so the ones pursuing me will stagger -AT: "that people will never forget" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah speaks of his enemies trying to harm him as if they were chasing after him and of their failing to harm him as if they were to stagger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will be greatly ashamed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will bring great shame upon them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will never be forgotten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will never forget it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/12.md b/jer/20/12.md index 9ec823823a..af2a92390a 100644 --- a/jer/20/12.md +++ b/jer/20/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## who see the mind and the heart ## +# see the mind and the heart -AT: "who knows what people think and desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "mind" is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides, and the word "heart" is a metonym for what a person feels and desires. AT: "know every person's thoughts and feelings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## rescued the soul of the oppressed person ## +# those who are oppressed from the hand of evildoers -AT: "rescued the oppressed person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## from the hand of evildoers ## - -Here the word hand refers to power. AT: "from the power of evildoers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hand" represents power. This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom evildoers oppress with their power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/14.md b/jer/20/14.md index fc9e0f6271..08967848fd 100644 --- a/jer/20/14.md +++ b/jer/20/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah continues speaking to Yahweh. -## Let the day I was born be cursed ## +# Let the day when I was born be cursed -AT: "Curse the day I was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Curse the day I was born" or "Let people curse the day when I was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Do not let the day my mother bore me be blessed ## +# Do not let the day that my mother bore me be blessed -AT: "Do not bless the day my mother bore me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not bless the day that my mother bore me" or "Do not let people bless the day that my mother bore me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Let the man who informed my father be cursed ## +# Let the man who informed my father be cursed -AT: "Curse the man who informed my father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Curse the man who informed my father" or "Let people curse the man who informed my father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/16.md b/jer/20/16.md index af3ae4e858..749cd09999 100644 --- a/jer/20/16.md +++ b/jer/20/16.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## that man ## +# that man This refers to the man who informed Jeremiah's father of Jeremiah's birth. -## the cities that Yahweh overthrew ## +# the cities that Yahweh overthrew This refers to Sodom and Gomorrah. -## he would not have mercy ## +# he did not have compassion Here the word "he" refers to Yahweh. -## May he hear a call for help ## +# Let him hear a cry for help -Here the word "he" refers to "that man." +Here the word "him" refers to "that man." -## make my mother my tomb ## +# making my mother to be my tomb -Jeremiah's mother's womb would have held his dead body like tombs hold the bodies of dead people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jeremiah speaks of his dying while his mother was still pregnant with him as if his mother's womb were his tomb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Why is it that I came out from the womb to see troubles and agony...? ## +# a womb that was pregnant forever -Jeremiah uses this question to complain that there was no good reason for him to be born. AT: "There was no reason for me to be born only to see troubles and agony..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jeremiah speaks of his pregnant mother never giving birth to the baby in her womb as if she had been pregnant forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to see troubles and agony ## +# Why is it that I came out from the womb to see troubles and agony ... shame? -The words "troubles" and "agony" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "to experience troubles and agony" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to complain that there was no good reason for him to be born. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "There was no reason for me to be born only to see troubles and agony ... shame." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## my days are filled with shame ## +# to see troubles and agony -AT: "my life is filled with shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "troubles" and "agony" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the amount and severity of suffering. AT: "to experience so much suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# my days are filled with shame + +Here the word "days" represents all the days of Jeremiah's life. AT: "my life is filled with shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/20/intro.md b/jer/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c7f2eb71e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Jeremiah 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 20:7-18, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pashhur ##### +This chapter prophesied punishment against a specific leader named Pashhur. He was in charge of protecting the temple and had Jeremiah beaten and arrested. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +##### Jeremiah's reaction ##### +Jeremiah's reaction contrasts with the reaction of the Jews in general. Although Jeremiah was not happy with Yahweh's actions, he still trusted in Yahweh. On the other hand, the Jews were not happy with the prophecies Yahweh gave to Jeremiah, so they beat the prophet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/21/01.md b/jer/21/01.md index 22486292cc..7e32d3569b 100644 --- a/jer/21/01.md +++ b/jer/21/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] +# The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh -## Pashhur ## +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah" or "Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -This is not the same Pashhur that was mentioned in [Jeremiah 20:1](../20/01.md) +# Pashhur -## Seek advice from Yahweh on our behalf ## +This is not the same Pashhur that was mentioned in [Jeremiah 20:1](../20/01.md). -AT: "Please speak to Yahweh for us. Ask him if he will help us." +# Pashhur ... Malkijah ... Maaseiah -## as in times past ## +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -as in times past AT: "as he did in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# They said to him -## will make him withdraw from us ## +"Pashhur and Zephaniah said to Jeremiah" -AT: "will make him go away" \ No newline at end of file +# Seek advice from Yahweh on our behalf ... making war on us + +This was a polite, but urgent request. AT: "Please speak to Yahweh for us ... attacking us" + +# as in times past + +"as he did in the past" + +# will make him withdraw from us + +"will make him go away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/21/03.md b/jer/21/03.md index 6f19ac1dc5..f4bc02cfd1 100644 --- a/jer/21/03.md +++ b/jer/21/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## the instruments of war that are in your hand ## +# See -AT: "the soldiers that you command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This tells the hearer to pay special attention to what follows. -## closing you in ## +# turn back + +Possible meanings are 1) to make useless or 2) to send back into the city. + +# the instruments of war that are in your hand + +Possible meanings are 1) the instruments of war refers to the soldiers who carry them and "hand" represents control. AT: "the soldiers that you command" or 2) the instruments of war are literal weapons and "your hand" represent both the king and his soldiers. AT: "the weapons that you and your soldiers carry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Chaldeans + +This term here is another name for the Babylonians. + +# closing you in "coming close to you" -## I myself will fight against you with a raised hand ## +# I will gather them -AT: "I will punish you" +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will allow the Babylonians to enter the city or 2) Yahweh will cause the Israelites to bring their weapons back into the center of the city. -## and a strong arm ## +# Then I myself -AT: "and with power" +This is emphatic and stresses that Yahweh is the one who will do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## wrath, fury, and great anger ## +# with a raised hand and a strong arm -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these phrases are idiomatic expressions that refer to great power. AT: "with very great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# with wrath, fury, and great anger + +These words all mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the great intensity of his anger. AT: "with extremely great anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/21/06.md b/jer/21/06.md index 1a8a759251..25864533fa 100644 --- a/jer/21/06.md +++ b/jer/21/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,31 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# inhabitants of this city -## inhabitants of this city ## +"those who live in Jerusalem" -AT: "those who live in Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the sword + +Here this refers to the battle in which swords are used. AT: "the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# into the hand + +Here "hand" refers to the power of their enemies over them. AT: "into the power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon ... their enemies ... those seeking their life + +All of these phrases refer to Nebuchadnezzar and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# seeking their life + +"wanting to kill them" + +# with the edge of the sword + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metonym for death in battle. AT: "in battle" or 2) they will be killed by literal swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He will not pity them, spare them, or have compassion + +These three phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that Nebuchadnezzar will deal severely with them. AT: "He will not show them any mercy or compassion at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/21/08.md b/jer/21/08.md index 203523516f..6b127d5aeb 100644 --- a/jer/21/08.md +++ b/jer/21/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ -## this people ## +# this people -AT: "the people of Jerusalem" +"the people of Jerusalem" -## I am about to place you the way of life and the way of death ## +# I am about to place before you the way of life and the way of death Yahweh is offering the people of Jerusalem a choice that will determine whether they live or die. -## falling on his knees before ## +# by the sword, famine, and plague -AT: "surrendering to" +Death by the sword refers to death in battle. AT: "in battle and by famine and plague" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## closed in against ## +# falling on his knees before -AT: "attacked from all sides" +This symbolic act represents surrender. AT: "surrendering to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## I have set my face against ## +# closed in against you -AT: "I have determined to oppose" or "I have turned against" +"attacked you from all sides" -## He will have his own life as his plunder ## +# He will escape with his life The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape with his life, even though he will lose all his possessions. -## this is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# I have set my face against this city -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +This idiom means he "firmly decided." AT: "I have made up my mind to oppose this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# have set my face against + +"am staring angrily at" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# It has been given + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have given it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# into the hand of the king + +Here "hand" represents the power of the king to destroy the city. AT: "into the power of the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/21/11.md b/jer/21/11.md index 624d8f37f8..ce0628429a 100644 --- a/jer/21/11.md +++ b/jer/21/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Concerning the house of the king of Judah, listen to the word of Yahweh ## +# Concerning the house of the king of Judah, listen to the word of Yahweh -AT: "Listen to what Yahweh says about the king of Judah, his family, and his servants." +This may serve as a title for 21:12 - 23:8. AT: "Listen to what Yahweh says about the king of Judah, his family, and his servants" -## Bring about justice in the morning ## +# the house of the king of Judah -AT: "Always treat the people whom you rule over fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to king and his family. AT: "the king of Judah and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the oppressor's hand ## +# House of David -AT: "the power of the one who oppresses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This refers to the same people as "the house of the king of Judah." All of the kings of Judah were descendants of David. AT: "Descendants of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## my fury will go out like fire and burn ## +# Bring about justice in the morning -AT: "I will punish and destroy you in my anger quickly and completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The abstract noun "justice" can be stated as an action. AT: "Always treat the people whom you rule over fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## your practices ## +# the hand of the oppressor -"the things that you do" \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "the power of the one who oppresses them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my fury will go out like fire and burn + +Here Yahweh's punishment is spoken of as if it was a fire that would burn up those who did evil. AT: "I will punish and destroy you in my anger quickly and completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is no one who can quench it + +Jeremiah continues the simile of Yahweh's punishment as a fire that was so hot that no one could put it out with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/21/13.md b/jer/21/13.md index eae4b69d4d..022bb310cb 100644 --- a/jer/21/13.md +++ b/jer/21/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## I am against you, rock of the plain ## +# See -AT: "I oppose you, Jerusalem" or "I am going to punish you, people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This alerts whoever is hearing to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Pay attention" -## this is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# inhabitant of the valley -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Possible meanings are 1) this may refer to Jerusalem, which was located above a valley, because "inhabitant" is singular and feminine, as is Jerusalem or 2) this is directed to another city or group of people. Most versions leave the original form rather than specifying the city. -## Who will come down to attack us? or Who will enter our houses? ## +# I am against -AT: "No one will attack us and no one will enter our houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"I oppose" or "I am going to punish" -## I have assigned the fruit of your practices to come against you ## +# rock of the plain -AT: "I will punish you as you deserve because of the things you have done" See: ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is a metaphor for a city whose people can defend themselves surrounded by cities that would be difficult to defend. This is also a metonym for the people who live in that city. Yahweh is using irony to tell them that they cannot defend themselves. AT: "you people who think you are safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## the fruit of your practices ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -AT: "the result of your deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Who will come down to attack us? ... Who will enter our houses? + +These questions are used to state their confidence that they can resist attack. AT: "No one will attack us! ... No one will enter our houses!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I have assigned the fruit of your practices to come against you + +The result of their evil deeds is spoken of as fruit which grew from those practices. AT: "I will punish you as you deserve because of the things you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the thickets + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor for the columns of wood that supported the palace or 2) these are literal patches of brush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/21/intro.md b/jer/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5428e6401f --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Jeremiah 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 21:11-14, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jerusalem doomed ##### + +God will fight against Jerusalem and will use the nation of Babylon to fight his battle. If the Jews wanted to live, they needed to surrender to Babylon. Most of the Jews would have rather died than to surrender to Babylon. Usually, fighting against a Gentile nation was a sign of trust in Yahweh's power. In this instance, it was a sign of trust in Yahweh to surrender. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/01.md b/jer/22/01.md index 5e2b0b9af4..9647f89e02 100644 --- a/jer/22/01.md +++ b/jer/22/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,51 @@ -## sit on David's throne ## +# the house of the king of Judah -This refers to having kingly authority, like David had. AT: "rule as king, like David before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"the palace of the king of Judah." The word "house" has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived. -## listen to the word of Yahweh ## +# proclaim this word -AT: "pay attention to the word of Yahweh" +"proclaim this message" -## you servants of his, and you, his people ## +# listen to the word of Yahweh -AT: "you servants of the king, and you people who live in his country" +"pay attention to the word of Yahweh" -## who come through these gates ## +# you who sit on David's throne -These are the gates of the palace of the king. AT: "who come to visit the king" +This refers to the king of Judah. -## the hand of the oppressor ## +# sit on David's throne -The word "hand" refers to the power or control of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The metonym "throne" refers to having authority as king, like David had. AT: "rule as king, like David before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## mistreat ## +# your people who come through these gates -treat someone badly +These gates are the gates of the king's palace. AT: "your people who come to visit the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## orphan ## +# Perform justice and righteousness + +The abstract nouns "justice" and "righteousness can be stated as actions. AT: "Act fairly and justly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# anyone who has been robbed—rescue him from the hand of the oppressor + +"rescue anyone who has been robbed from the hand of the oppressor" + +# the hand of the oppressor + +Here "the hand" refers to power or control. AT: "the power of the oppressor" or "the one who would harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do not mistreat + +"Do not treat badly" + +# orphan a child who does not have parents -## pour out innocent blood ## +# Do not ... pour out innocent blood -To pour out a person's blood means to murder someone. AT: "murder innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "pour out ... blood" is associated with murder, and "blood" refers to the murdered people. AT: "Do not ... murder innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## in this place ## +# in this place -"This place" refers to Jerusalem, or even the whole country of Judah. This does not imply that it is good to murder people in other places. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Jerusalem or 2) the whole country of Judah. This does not imply that it is good to murder people in other places. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/04.md b/jer/22/04.md index 51e123687c..607e0ddd28 100644 --- a/jer/22/04.md +++ b/jer/22/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## kings sitting on David’s throne ## +# kings sitting on David's throne -This refers to kings having authority like David had. AT: “kings, ruling like David before them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The metonym "throne" refers to kingly authority like David had. AT: "kings, ruling like David before them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## riding in a chariot and on horses ## +# the gates of this house -This phrase describes the kings as powerful and wealthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the gates to the courtyard of the palace. -## He, his servants, and his people ## +# riding in a chariot and on horses -This sentence lists all who will be powerful and wealthy. AT: "He, his servants, and his people will ride into the palace on chariots and horses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +This phrase is a metonym that describes the kings as powerful and wealthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## if you do not listen ## +# he, his servants, and his people -AT: "if you do not pay attention" (UDB) or "if you do not obey" +This sentence lists all who will be powerful and wealthy. This can be stated clearly. AT: "he, his servants, and his people will ride into the palace on chariots and horses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## this is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# if you do not listen to -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +"if you refuse to pay attention to" or "if you do not obey" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# this royal house + +This phrase here appears to refer specifically to the royal palace. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/06.md b/jer/22/06.md index 6a835a78e6..2a755e5559 100644 --- a/jer/22/06.md +++ b/jer/22/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## palace of the king of Judah ## +# the house of the king of Judah -This could also be translated as "house of the king of Judah" and refers to the family and descendants of the King of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the royal palace where the king lived or 2) "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, who were the royal line of the kings of Judah. AT: "the royal dynasty of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## You are like Gilead, or like the summit of Lebanon ## +# You are like Gilead, or like the summit of Lebanon -Yahweh is describing his good feelings toward the family and descendants of the King of Judah (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "You are as beautiful as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon" or 2) "You give me as much pleasure as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## turn you into a wilderness, ## +# turn you into a wilderness -AT: “cause your cities to become empty or uninhabited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +What was formerly beautiful is said to become bare and deserted. AT: "cause you to become empty like the desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have designated destroyers to come against you + +"I have chosen an army to attack you" + +# the best of your cedars + +Possible meaning are 1) the beams of the palace or 2) the leading men of the royal family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fall into the fire + +Possible meanings are 1) a literal fire that will burn the palace beams or 2) the destruction of the royal family is spoken of as if they were burned in a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/08.md b/jer/22/08.md index d3439b96df..3e7f556c52 100644 --- a/jer/22/08.md +++ b/jer/22/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Then many nations will pass by this city. ## +# Then many nations will pass by this city -AT: "Then many people from various nations will pass by this city." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "nations" refers to the people from those nations that pass by. AT: "Then many people from various nations will pass by this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## bowed down to other gods and worshiped them. ## +# bowed down to other gods and worshiped them - bowed down to other gods and worshiped them. AT: "bowed down to idols and worshiped them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase "bowed down" describes the posture that people used in worship. AT: "they worshiped other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/10.md b/jer/22/10.md index b629bb6a78..6fd8ebef76 100644 --- a/jer/22/10.md +++ b/jer/22/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -The speaker Yahweh has shifted from addressing the King of Judah and is now speaking to a general audience. +# General Information: -## see the land of his birth again ## +Yahweh has shifted from addressing the King of Judah and is now speaking to a general audience. -AT: "see the land of Israel again" or "see his homeland again" \ No newline at end of file +# the one who is dead + +This is singular, and refers to King Josiah who had been killed. + +# him who is about to go away + +This refers to King Jehoahaz who was taken into exile in Egypt. + +# never return and see his native land + +"never come back and see the land of Israel again" or "never see his homeland again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/11.md b/jer/22/11.md index 52ac6da42d..170bb3ef70 100644 --- a/jer/22/11.md +++ b/jer/22/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Jehoahaz ## +# Jehoahaz -In the Hebrew his name is "Shallum", but this is the normal spelling of his name. \ No newline at end of file +The name in Hebrew is "Shallum," but he is better known as Jehoahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# who served as king instead of Josiah his father + +"who became king when his father, Josiah, died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/13.md b/jer/22/13.md index d08b8ad0f8..6765aef994 100644 --- a/jer/22/13.md +++ b/jer/22/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## house ## +# him who builds his house ... he says -House is being used here to describe Jehoiakim and his family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +These refer to King Jehoiakim. + +# builds his house by unrighteousness, his upper rooms by injustice + +The abstract nouns "unrighteousness" and "injustice" have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis, and can be stated as actions. AT: "unjustly forced men to build his house and his upper rooms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his house + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to King Jehoiakim and his family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a large house with spacious upper rooms ... large windows ... cedar ... red + +These characteristics all describe a very expensive house. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/15.md b/jer/22/15.md index e9c8d43679..8f5ac58aab 100644 --- a/jer/22/15.md +++ b/jer/22/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Is this what makes you a good king, that you wanted to have cedar boards ## +# Is this what makes you a good king, that you wanted to have boards of cedar? -AT: "Having a cedar palace does not make you a good king" (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for his expensive palace. AT: "Having a cedar palace does not make you a good king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Did not your father also eat and drink? ## +# Did not your father also eat and drink, yet do ... righteousness? -AT: "King Josiah enjoyed his life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Jehoiakim about the example of his father, King Josiah. AT: "Your father King Josiah enjoyed his life, yet did ... righteousness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Is this not what it means to know me? ## +# do justice and righteousness -AT: "This is what it means to know me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +These abstract nouns have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis and can be stated as actions. AT: "act justly and fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# It was good then + +"Things went well for him" + +# Is this not what it means to know me? + +Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for not following the example of his father, King Josiah. AT: "This is what it means to know me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/17.md b/jer/22/17.md index 031830b7e4..1a70c4c19d 100644 --- a/jer/22/17.md +++ b/jer/22/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## nothing in your eyes or heart ## +# there is nothing in your eyes and heart except worry ... crushing of others -"nothing in your thoughts or emotions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "eyes" is a metonym for seeing and "heart" is a metonym for thinking. AT: "you never look for or think about anything except ... crushing of others" or "you only look for and think about ways to cheat others and pour out innocent blood, and to oppress and crush others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## unjust profit ## +# unjust profit This is getting money by cheating or by using unfair means. -## pouring out innocent blood ## +# pouring out innocent blood -AT: "killing innocent people" +Here "pouring out ... blood" is associated with murder, and "blood" refers to the murdered people. AT: "murdering innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## crushing of others ## +# crushing of others "doing violence to others in order to get money" -## Woe, my brother... Woe, my sister... Woe, my lord... Woe, my majesty ## +# They will not lament for him -Yahweh uses the word "woe" several times for emphasis. He addresses the various people who would normally show great sadness when someone dies. (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +In verse 18, Yahweh stops speaking directly to Jehoiakim and begins to speak to other people. Here "lament" refers to grieving at Jehoiakim's death. AT: "They will not lament for Jehoiakim when he dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## be buried with an donkey's burial ## +# Woe, my brother! ... Woe, my sister! ... Woe, master! ... Woe, majesty! -AT: "be discarded as worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses the word "Woe" several times for emphasis. He addresses the various people who would normally show great sadness when someone dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He will be buried with a donkey's burial, dragged away and thrown out + +The burial of Jehoiakim is spoken of as being the same as the manner in which people would bury a donkey. This can be stated in active form. AT: "They will bury his dead body the way they would bury a dead donkey; they will drag it away and throw it out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/20.md b/jer/22/20.md index 8a7cf333cf..723a206ce7 100644 --- a/jer/22/20.md +++ b/jer/22/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Lift your voice ## +# General Information: -AT: "Shout in Bashan" +It appears that Yahweh is here speaking to the people of Jerusalem, telling them that they will be destroyed. -## Abarim mountains ## +# Lift your voice -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This idiom refers to shouting. In this case, they are crying out in grief. AT: "Cry out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I spoke to you when you were safe ## +# Abarim mountains -AT: "I spoke to you when you were doing well" +a mountain range that was southeast of Jerusalem (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## This was your custom ## +# I spoke to you when you were safe -AT: "This was your way of life" +"I spoke to you when you were doing well" -## you have not listened to my voice ## +# This was your custom -AT: "you have not obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"This was your way of life" + +# you have not listened to my voice + +Listening is a metonym for obeying. AT: "you have not obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/22.md b/jer/22/22.md index f24a8f6f0b..71016f816f 100644 --- a/jer/22/22.md +++ b/jer/22/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## The wind will shepherd away all your shepherds ## +# The wind will shepherd away all your shepherds -AT: "Your leaders will be taken away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is a wordplay—Yahweh uses the idea of "shepherd" in two different ways. Here "shepherds" is a metaphor for the leaders of Jerusalem, and the wind "leads" them away. The wind represents Yahweh. AT: "I will take your leaders away as if the wind had blown them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## House of the Forest of Lebanon, you who nest among the cedars ## +# go into captivity -AT: "a palace made from the cedars of Lebanon" +"become captives" or "go into exile" -## how you will be pitied when the labor pains of anguish come on you like childbirth ## +# You who live in 'Lebanon,' who is nestled in cedar buildings -AT: "you will be pitied because of your pain" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the royal palace as "Lebanon" and "cedar buildings" because it was constructed with a lot of cedar. AT: "You who live in a palace made from the cedars of Lebanon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You who live + +This "You" is singular and refers to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# how you will be pitied + +The meaning of the Hebrew is not clear. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "they will greatly pity you" or 2) "you will groan greatly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when the labor pains come upon you, pain like that of a woman in labor + +The pain that the king will feel when his enemies defeat him will be as intense as the pain a woman feels in childbirth. AT: "when you experience pain as intense as the pain of a woman in childbirth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/24.md b/jer/22/24.md index 8045b9572c..ffc862e6aa 100644 --- a/jer/22/24.md +++ b/jer/22/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## As I live ## +# As I live -AT: "Surely" +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Even if you Jehoiachin were the signet on my right hand, I would tear you off ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -AT: "Even if you Jehoiachin were the signet on my right hand, I would tear you off from my hand" or "Jehoiachin, even if you were the king whom I had chosen as an expression of my power, I would still punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## I have given you to the hand of the ones seeking your life ## +# even if you ... were the signet on my right hand -AT: "I have made it possible for the ones seeking your life to capture you" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks to Jehoiachin as if it were possible for him to be the ring on Yahweh's hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# the signet on my right hand + +A signet ring was used by a king to place his seal of authority on documents. The signet ring therefore represents authority to rule. The right hand also represents authority to rule. AT: "the signet ring on my right hand that represented my authority to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I would tear you off + +"I would tear you off from my hand" or "I would quickly pull you off of my hand" + +# I have given you to the hand of the ones seeking your life + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have made it possible for the ones seeking your life to capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to the hand of + +Here the metonym "hand" represents power and control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# seeking your life + +This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in [Jeremiah 11:21](../11/21.md). AT: "trying to kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/27.md b/jer/22/27.md index 5fc817d1aa..cbf1fe0be2 100644 --- a/jer/22/27.md +++ b/jer/22/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## This land to which they will want to return ## +# this land to which they will want to return -Refers to the land of Judah +This refers to the land of Judah. -## Is this a despised and shattered vessel? Is this man Jehoiachin a pot that pleases no one? ## +# Is this a despised and shattered vessel? ... did not know? -AT: "Jehoiachin is useless and no one is happy with him." (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +It is not clear who is speaking in verse 28. -## Why have they thrown him and his descendants out, and have poured them out into a land that they did not know? ## +# Is this a despised and shattered vessel? Is this man Jehoiachin a pot that pleases no one? -AT: "The people should have removed Jehoiachin and his family from the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jehoiachin is spoken of as a pot that was completely worthless and not liked by anyone. The questions emphasize that he has no value or friends. AT: "Jehoiachin is as useless as a broken vessel and no one is happy with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why have they thrown him and his descendants out, and have poured them out into a land that they did not know? + +This rhetorical question explains what will happen to the worthless Jehoiachin. AT: "Therefore the enemy will remove Jehoiachin and his family from the land and take them to a foreign land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# have poured them out + +Jehoiachin and his descendants are spoke of as if they had been poured out in another country like garbage from a vessel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/29.md b/jer/22/29.md index b59bffff6f..9d0e0aea0f 100644 --- a/jer/22/29.md +++ b/jer/22/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Land, Land, Land ## +# Land, Land, Land -Yahweh speaks his message to all the people of the land by calling out to the land where they live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +Yahweh speaks his message to all the people of the land by calling out to the land where they live. The title is repeated to call attention to the message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## Hear the word of Yahweh ## +# He will be childless -AT: "obey the word of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +Jehoiachin has several sons. This phrase, then, means it is as if he was childless. His children will not succeed him as king. AT: "It will be as if he did not have any children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sit on David's throne + +Sitting on a throne is a metonym for ruling as king. AT: "become king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/22/intro.md b/jer/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..556e5292c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Jeremiah 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 22:6-10, 13-28, 28-30, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Luxury and oppression ##### + +Because the king lived in luxury and oppressed the poor, God was sending him and his mother into captivity unless he repented. The king lacked justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/01.md b/jer/23/01.md index 17ab20759e..a892eac9ac 100644 --- a/jer/23/01.md +++ b/jer/23/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## the shepherds who destroy and scatter the sheep of my pasture ## +# General Information: -Yahweh refers to Israel as his pasture, the people of Israel as his sheep and their leaders in Israel as the shepherds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +In verses 1-4, Yahweh refers to Israel as his pasture, the people of Israel as his sheep, and the leaders of Israel as the shepherds. Shepherds have a duty to protect the sheep, but the leaders were not doing that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## You are scattering my flock and driving them away ## +# You have scattered my flock and have driven them away -These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See” Parallelism) - -## pay you back for the evil ## - -Yahweh refers to evil actions like a loan that was given and can be paid back. AT: "have revenge for the evil" \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/03.md b/jer/23/03.md index 1269f39ca7..8ae1e31329 100644 --- a/jer/23/03.md +++ b/jer/23/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak about the people of Israel as his sheep and the leaders of Israel as shepherds. +# General Information: -## to a grazing place ## +Yahweh continues to speak about the people of Israel as if they were his sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were his shepherds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "to where all their needs will be supplied" +# to a grazing place -## dismayed ## +Yahweh refers to the land of Israel as if it were good pasture for his people. This good pasture is a metonym for provision for their needs. AT: "to good pasture" or "to where all their needs will be supplied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -a feeling of hopelessness. +# they will be fruitful and increase -## fruitful and increase ## +The word "increase" explains how they will be "fruitful." AT: "they will increase greatly in number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -These two words mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +# I will raise up -## None of them ## +"I will appoint" -"None of my people" \ No newline at end of file +# they will no longer fear or be shattered + +The words "be shattered" mean that someone has caused them to be afraid and mean basically the same thing as "fear." This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will make them afraid anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# None of them + +"None of my people" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/05.md b/jer/23/05.md index 740a984060..f410f63676 100644 --- a/jer/23/05.md +++ b/jer/23/05.md @@ -1,27 +1,51 @@ -## See ## +# See -AT: "Understand this" +This word alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## days are coming ## +# days are coming -A future time period is referred to as days because it will be a short period of time. The future is referred to as coming to say it will happen. AT: "this will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +A future time is spoken of as if it were an object coming toward the speaker or the hearers. AT: "the time will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Yahweh’s declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## a righteous branch ## +# I will raise up -AT: "a righteous descendant" Like a branch comes from a tree, this future leader will come from king David's family line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This idiom means he will appoint a successor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he will bring prosperity ## +# a righteous branch -When this future leader takes control, his people will become more successful. It will be like he brought success with him as a possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This future king descended from David is spoken of as if he were a branch grown on a tree. AT: "a righteous descendant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Judah will be rescued, and Israel will live in security ## +# a righteous branch -These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See” Parallelism) +Some modern versions translate this as "a legitimate successor to the throne." -## Judah will be rescued ## +# cause justice and righteousness in the land -AT: "He will rescue Judah from their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract nouns "justice" and "righteousness" can be stated as actions. AT: "cause people to act justly and rightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in the land + +Here "land" refers to the people who live in the land. AT: "for all the people in the nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Judah will be rescued + +Here "Judah" refers to the people of Judah. AT: "the people of Judah will be rescued" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Judah will be rescued + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will rescue Judah from their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Israel will live in security + +Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel will live in security" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will be called + +this refers to the king + +# Yahweh is our righteousness + +The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as an action. AT: "Yahweh, the one who does what is right for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/07.md b/jer/23/07.md index 1bdcd5c7d7..b98a66f57c 100644 --- a/jer/23/07.md +++ b/jer/23/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## As Yahweh lives ## +# General Information: -This is a phrase used for an oath. +These verses are very similar to [Jeremiah 16:14-15](../16/14.md), although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated those verses. -## the northern land and all the lands where they had been driven ## +# see -This refers to the way the northern ten tribes of Israel were captured and spread out among the surrounding countries. \ No newline at end of file +The word "see" here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows. + +# days are coming + +A future time is spoken of as if it were an object coming toward the speaker or the hearers. AT: "the time will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# As Yahweh lives + +"as surely as Yahweh is alive." The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/01.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who brought up and who led back + +These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. AT: "who brought back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the northern land and all the lands where they had been driven + +This refers to the way the northern ten tribes of Israel were captured and spread out among the surrounding countries. + +# Then they will live in their own land + +This refers to Israel, from where they were scattered. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "Then they will live in their own land again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/09.md b/jer/23/09.md index 8b30380f09..a24ec8b0d2 100644 --- a/jer/23/09.md +++ b/jer/23/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -The speaker has changed from Yahweh to Jeremiah. +# General Information: -## Regarding the prophets, my heart is broken in me and all of my bones tremble, ## +In verses 9-32 Jeremiah delivers Yahweh's message to the false prophets and the priests. Jeremiah is speaking in verse 9, but it is not clear if verse 10 are the words of Jeremiah or of Yahweh. -AT: "I have great fear for what will happen because of the false prophets" (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Regarding the prophets, my heart is broken in me, and all of my bones tremble -## I have become like a drunk man, like a man whom wine has overpowered ## +The prophet speaks of his heart being broken and his bones trembling because he is afraid of the judgment that will result from the lies of the false prophets. AT: "I have great fear for what will happen because of the false prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "I have lost control" (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# my heart is broken in me -## the land is full of adulterers ## +This idiom refers to deep sadness. AT: "I am very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -This exaggeration is used to show the level of sinfulness which was present at the time of Jeremiah. (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# all of my bones tremble -## the land mourns ## +Here trembling is associated with fear. AT: "I am very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -The land suffers because of the people's sin. (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I have become like a drunk man, like a man whom wine has overpowered + +People who are drunk are not able to control themselves. Likewise, Jeremiah has lost control of himself out of fear of Yahweh's punishment. AT: "I am like a drunk man; I cannot control myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the land is full of adulterers + +The land is spoken of as if it were a container and the adulterers were objects that filled the container completely. That is, everyone in the land is an adulterer, which in turn is an exaggeration for very many people being adulterers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# adulterers + +This word here probably has two senses. It has the literal meaning that the men in the nation had committed adultery against their own wives, and it also has the figurative meaning that they had abandoned Yahweh in order to worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land is dried up + +Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew phrase as "the land mourns." + +# These prophets' paths are wicked + +The wicked actions of the false prophets are spoken of as if they were walking on an evil path. AT: "These prophets are doing things that are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/11.md b/jer/23/11.md index 19af961b98..f0cea30710 100644 --- a/jer/23/11.md +++ b/jer/23/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -The speaker changes from Jeremiah to Yahweh. +# Connecting Statement: -## the priests are polluted ## +Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh's message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md). -AT: "the priests are sinful" +# the prophets and the priests are polluted -## in my house ## +The prophets and priests are defiled by sin in the same way that water can be polluted by filth. AT: "the prophets and the priests are sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Here Yahweh's temple is compared to a house, a place where Yahweh is said to live among his people. (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# I even found their wickedness in my house! -## Yahweh's declaration ## +The abstract noun "wickedness" can be stated as an action. AT: "I know that they have even acted wickedly in my temple!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"what Yahweh has declared" or "what Yahweh has said" +# in my house -## Like a slippery place in the darkness ## +This refers to the temple in Jerusalem. -AT: "unstable, or dangerous" (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# this is Yahweh's declaration -## in the year of their punishment ## +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -AT: "when their time for punishment comes" \ No newline at end of file +# their way will be like a slippery place in the darkness + +The danger of their actions is spoken of as if they were about to fall off the slippery edge of a cliff in the dark and injure themselves. AT: "there actions are unstable and dangerous, like walking on a slippery place in the darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I will send disaster against them + +Yahweh speaks of disaster as an enemy that he will send to attack the priests and false prophets. AT: "I will cause them to experience disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the year of their punishment + +"when their time for punishment comes" or "when the time comes for me to punish them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/13.md b/jer/23/13.md index 71d2af9a28..17bd8d8d9b 100644 --- a/jer/23/13.md +++ b/jer/23/13.md @@ -1,31 +1,51 @@ -## I have seen offensiveness ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "I have seen sinfulness" or "I have seen wrongdoing." +Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh's message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md). -## off the right path ## +# led my people Israel astray -led in the wrong direction morally or spiritually. (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The deception of the people by the false prophets is spoken of as leading them down the wrong path. AT: "deceived my people, the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## walk in deceit ## +# They commit adultery -AT: "live in dishonesty" +Possible meanings are 1) they were literally unfaithful to their wives or 2) their worship of other gods is spoken of as spiritual adultery. -## strengthen the hands of evil doers ## +# walk in deceit -AT: "they strengthen those who do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This idiom means they lived a life of deceit. AT: "live in dishonesty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## No one turns back from his evildoing ## +# They strengthen the hands of evildoers -AT: "They continue in their sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "hands" refers to the whole person. AT: "They strengthen those who do evil" or "They encourage people who do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## All of them have become like Sodom ...like Gomorrah. ## +# no one turns back from his evildoing -AT: "They became very evil" (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This can be state in positive form. AT: "everyone continues in their sin" -## I am about to make them eat wormwood and drink poisonous water ## +# All of them have become like Sodom ... like Gomorrah -wormwood was something that was bitter and unpleasant to eat. This phrase describes the punishment that Yahweh was going to bring about on the evil prophets. In the same way, wormwood was bitter and the water was poisonous, so would Yaweh's judgment be on the evil prophets. (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Sodom and Gomorrah were cities that were so wicked that God destroyed them with fire from heaven. AT: "They all became as evil as Sodom ... as wicked as Gomorrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## pollution has gone out from the prophets ## +# Yahweh of hosts says this -AT: "evil has come from the prophets" \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# Look + +The word "look" here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows. + +# I am about to make them eat wormwood and drink poisonous water + +Wormwood is a plant that is very bitter and unpleasant to eat. This phrase describes the punishment that Yahweh was going to bring about on the evil prophets. In the same way wormwood was bitter and the water was poisonous, so would Yaweh's judgment be on the evil prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am about to + +"I will soon" + +# pollution has gone out from the prophets + +Here the evil teaching of the priests and false prophets is spoken of as if it were something filthy that ruined the land. AT: "evil has come from the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pollution + +dirty and unsafe things that spoil the air, water, or land where they are found \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/16.md b/jer/23/16.md index 3bf2b4721e..e6355e5233 100644 --- a/jer/23/16.md +++ b/jer/23/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## they have deluded you ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "the prophets have caused you to believe something that is not true" +Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh's message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md). -## visions from their own minds ## +# Yahweh of hosts says this -AT: "visions they imagined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## from Yahweh's mouth ## +# They have deluded you! -AT: "from Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"The prophets have caused you to believe something that is not true!" -## Yet who has stood in Yahweh's council meeting? Who sees and hears his word? Who pays attention to his word and listens? ## +# visions from their own minds -AT: "No one advises Yahweh. No one understands what Yahweh says. No one obeys Yahweh's commands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "minds" refers to the thoughts of the false prophets. AT: "visions that they imagined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not from Yahweh's mouth + +Here "mouth" refers to what Yahweh said. AT: "not what Yahweh said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They are constantly saying + +The word "constantly" is an exaggeration to emphasize that this is what they normally say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# everyone walking in the stubbornness of his own heart says + +Here "heart" refers to their desires. To follow those desires is spoken of as walking in them. AT: "everyone stubbornly does whatever they desire to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Disaster will not come upon you + +"Nothing bad will happen to you" + +# Yet who has stood in Yahweh's council meeting? Who sees and hears his word? Who pays attention to his word and listens? + +These questions are used to rebuke the priests and false prophets for not obeying Yahweh. AT: "No one advises Yahweh. No one understands what Yahweh says. No one obeys Yahweh's commands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# pays attention to his word and listens + +These two phrases mean the same thing. They can be combined in one phrase. AT: "obeys his word at all" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/19.md b/jer/23/19.md index 18f6b5310e..95fa7913f2 100644 --- a/jer/23/19.md +++ b/jer/23/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## a tempest is whirling about ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "it is like a great storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh's message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md). -## It is whirling around the heads of the wicked ## +# there is a storm coming from Yahweh ... His fury is going out ... a tempest is whirling about -AT: "It is coming upon the wicked" +These three phrases all refer to a great storm that is a metaphor for Yahweh's anger. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "Yahweh's anger is coming like a great storm, going out with fury and whirling like a tempest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## it has carried out and brought into being his heart's intentions ## +# a tempest -AT: "Yahweh's wrath will bring about all the punishment that he has planned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +a violent windstorm + +# It is whirling around the heads of the wicked + +Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were a windstorm whirling around the wicked. AT: "It is coming upon the wicked like a windstorm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Yahweh's wrath will not return until it + +Yahweh's wrath is spoken of as if it were alive and could act on its own. AT: "Yahweh will not stop being angry until he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# carried out and brought into being his heart's intentions + +Here "heart's intentions" refers to the things that Yahweh wanted to happen. AT: "completed and accomplished all the punishment that he had planned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the final days + +"the future" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/21.md b/jer/23/21.md index 987aa54422..5817823058 100644 --- a/jer/23/21.md +++ b/jer/23/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## if they had stood in my council meeting ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "if they had truly listened to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh's message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md). + +# General Information: + +Yahweh is the speaker in verses 21-40. + +# they have still prophesied + +It is understood that they are prophesying falsely. This can be made explicit. AT: "they have prophesied falsely anyway" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# if they had stood in my council meeting + +Yahweh states what would have happened if the priests and false prophets had participated in Yahweh's council meeting in heaven. This hypothetical situation is impossible. AT: "if they had truly listened to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# my council meeting + +In ancient times, God was thought to hold meetings with the angels in heaven. Yahweh is referring to this kind of meeting, which humans could not attend. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 23:18](./16.md). + +# to turn from + +This idiom means they would stop doing these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/23.md b/jer/23/23.md index 4478503b8b..411a82430f 100644 --- a/jer/23/23.md +++ b/jer/23/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Am I only a God nearby... and not also far away? ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT : "I am a God that is both near and far away." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./37.md). -## Can anyone hide in a secret place so I cannot see him? ## +# Am I only a God nearby ... and not also a God far away? -AT: "No one can hide in a secret place so I cannot see him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not rule everywhere. AT: "I am not only a God who is here in Jerusalem ... but I am everywhere!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do I not fill the heavens and the earth? ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -AT: "I am everywhere, both in the heavens and the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Can anyone hide in a secret place so I cannot see him? + +Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not see the evil that they were doing. AT: "No one can hide in a secret place so I cannot see him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# do I not fill the heavens and the earth? + +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is everywhere in heaven and on earth. AT: "I am everywhere, both in the heavens and on the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/25.md b/jer/23/25.md index 834bd8420d..5b2a3ae0ce 100644 --- a/jer/23/25.md +++ b/jer/23/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## How long will this go on, prophets who prophesy lies from their minds, and who prophesy from the deceit in their hearts? ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "This should not continue, prophets who declare lies which they themselves have made up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./37.md). -## making my people forget my name in favor of Baal's name ## +# prophesying deceit -"leading my people worship Baal instead of me" (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "deceit" can be expressed as an adjective or an adverb. AT: "prophesying deceit things" or "prophesying deceitfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in my name + +This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh's power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 14:14](../14/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I had a dream! + +They meant that this dream was from God. This can be made explicit. AT: "I had a dream from Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# How long will this go on, prophets who prophesy lies from their minds, and who prophesy from the deceit in their hearts? + +Yahweh asks this question to emphasize that this is something that should not continue. AT: "This should not continue, prophets declaring lies which they themselves have made up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# prophesy lies from their minds ... prophesy from the deceit in their hearts + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the false prophets made up their prophesies. AT: "prophesy things that come only from their own minds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# forget my name ... forgot my name + +Here the word "name" refers to the whole being of Yahweh. AT: "forget me ... forgot me" or "forget who I am ... forgot who I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in favor of Baal's name + +Here "Baal's name" refers to the god Baal. AT: "leading my people to worship Baal instead of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/28.md b/jer/23/28.md index 1346fec486..fc4be27e6f 100644 --- a/jer/23/28.md +++ b/jer/23/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## What does straw have to do with grain? ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Straw and grain are two totally different things ." (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./37.md). -## "Is my word not like fire?"—this is Yahweh’s declaration, "and like a hammer smashing rock? ## +# What does straw have to do with grain? -AT: "My word is like fire: consuming and powerful", says Yahweh, "and like a hammer smashing rock." (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Straw was the worthless stems from which farmers separated the valuable grain. This question emphasizes the difference between false messages and messages from Yahweh. AT: "Straw and grain are two totally different things." or "Worthless straw is nothing like the valuable grain." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Is not my word like fire? ... and like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces? + +Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that his word is much more powerful than the words of mere men. In that way, his word is like fire or a hammer. AT: "My word is powerful like fire ... and powerful like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I am against + +"I am opposed to" + +# steals words from another person + +This implies that the false prophets are thieves. They are so evil that they take each other's messages without permission rather than make up their own false messages. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/31.md b/jer/23/31.md index cb15b21db8..569cbe739a 100644 --- a/jer/23/31.md +++ b/jer/23/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## who dream deceitfully ## +# Connecting Statement: -"who claim to have dreams from God, but they are not from God. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./37.md). + +# See + +This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Pay attention" + +# against the prophets + +"opposed to the prophets" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# who use their tongues + +Here "tongues" is a metonym for the ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who dream deceitfully + +"who claim to have dreams from God, but they are not from God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/33.md b/jer/23/33.md index 950bbd2927..b1169e2f8c 100644 --- a/jer/23/33.md +++ b/jer/23/33.md @@ -1,3 +1,35 @@ -## What declaration? ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "There is no declaration." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./37.md). + +# General Information: + +In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word "burden." Sometimes it means "a message" and other times it means "a heavy load to carry." This wordplay should be retained if possible. + +# asks you ... you will say + +These two instances of "you" are singular and refer to Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# What is the burden of Yahweh? + +Here "burden" means a message or prophecy from Yahweh. + +# You are the burden ... cast you off + +These two instances of "you" are plural and refer to the false prophets and the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You are the burden + +Here "burden" means a heavy load. This is a metaphor that means they annoy Yahweh and he no longer wants to put up with them. AT: "You are a burden that I am tired of carrying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# This is the burden of Yahweh + +Here "burden" means a message or prophecy from Yahweh. + +# his house + +Here "house" is a metonym for the family that lives inside it. AT: "his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/35.md b/jer/23/35.md index db134b699d..03730e6a94 100644 --- a/jer/23/35.md +++ b/jer/23/35.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## you have perverted the words of the living God ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "you have changed the words of God to say what you want them to say" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./37.md). + +# General Information: + +In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word "burden." Sometimes it means "a message" and other times it means "a heavy load to carry." This wordplay should be retained if possible. + +# You continue to say ... 'What did Yahweh declare?' + +It may be helpful to reorder this sentence. AT: "Each person continues to ask his neighbor and his brother, 'What did Yahweh answer?' and 'What did Yahweh declare?'" + +# But you must no longer talk about the 'burden of Yahweh,' for the burden is every man's own word + +Possible meaning are 1) both instances of "burden" mean "message." AT: "You must no longer call your visions the 'burden of Yahweh' because they are really only every man's own words" or 2) the first 'burden' means "message" and the second means "heavy load." AT: "You must no longer talk about the 'message of Yahweh' because the words that each of you speak are what is a 'heavy load.'" + +# you have perverted the words ... our God + +To "pervert" something is to twist or distort it. AT: "you have changed the message of the living God, Yahweh of hosts, our God, to say what you want it to say and not what God said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/37.md b/jer/23/37.md index 5395dca5ca..f838ae9544 100644 --- a/jer/23/37.md +++ b/jer/23/37.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] +# Connecting Statement: -## What did Yahweh declare? ## +Yahweh completes his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](./09.md). -AT: "What did Yahweh say" +# General Information: -## therefore, see ## +In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word "burden." Sometimes it means "a message" and other times it means "a heavy load to carry." This wordplay should be retained if possible. -AT: "So pay attention" +# This is what you will say -## I am about to pick you up and throw you away from me ## +Here "you" is singular and refers to Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "I am about to drive you away from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# But if you say ... Because you have said ... when I sent to you ... You will not say ... pick you up ... throw you ... I gave you ... insult on you -## that will not be forgotten ## +All of these instance of "you" are plural and refer to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "that will last forever" \ No newline at end of file +# therefore, behold + +"therefore, pay attention." This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. + +# I am about to pick you up and throw you away from me + +Yahweh speaks of sending these priests and false prophets into exile as if they were an object that he was going to throw far away. AT: "I am about to drive you away from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the city that I gave you + +This refers to Jerusalem. + +# I will put everlasting shame and insult on you that will not be forgotten + +"I will cover you with shame that will last forever and insult that you will never forget" or "I will cause people to make fun of you forever. People will never forget that you were disgraced." Yahweh speaks of the humiliation of the priests and false prophets as if he would put shame and insult on them like clothing. + +# that will not be forgotten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that will last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/23/intro.md b/jer/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a0c2296848 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Jeremiah 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 23:5-6, 9-24, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophesying lies ##### + +The false prophets had encouraged people to continue sinning by saying everything will be alright. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Wordplay ##### + +In Hebrew, the word for "message" can also mean "burden." In translations that are using footnotes, you may want to explain the wordplay in a footnote. In translations that are not using footnotes or which will primarily be distributed in an oral form, you may need a sentence like "What message has the Lord burdened you with now?" or "You (plural) call God's message a heavy burden on you." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/24/01.md b/jer/24/01.md index 837d208238..af0bd403e2 100644 --- a/jer/24/01.md +++ b/jer/24/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Behold ## +# me -The word “behold” here shows that Jeremiah saw something interesting. +All instances of this pronoun refer to Jeremiah. -## This vision happened...them to Babylon ## +# Behold + +The word "Behold" here shows that Jeremiah saw something interesting. + +# This vision happened ... them to Babylon This part of the story is used to provide historical information to show when the events of the happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## craftsmen ## +# craftsmen -people skilled at building things. +people skilled at building things -## metalworkers ## +# metalworkers -people skilled at creating things out of metal. \ No newline at end of file +people skilled at creating things out of metal + +# they could not be eaten ... they cannot be eaten + +These can be stated in active form. AT: "no one could eat them .. no one can eat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/24/04.md b/jer/24/04.md index 4c3569e266..1a19dc01d7 100644 --- a/jer/24/04.md +++ b/jer/24/04.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## the word of Yahweh came to ## +# the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## just like these good figs ## +# I will look on the exiles of Judah for their benefit -The good figs are those Judean exiles sent to the land of Chaldea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "look on" is an idiom that means Yahweh will take care of them. AT: "I will take good care of the exiles of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I will set my eyes on them for good ## +# just like these good figs -AT: "I will bless them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The good figs represent those Judean exiles sent to the land of Chaldea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## I will build them up, and not tear them down. I will plant them, and not uproot them ## +# I will set my eyes on them for good -These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See" [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) AT: "I will help them to prosper in Chaldea." +Here "set my eyes" means he will see them. Seeing them is a metonym for caring for them. AT: "I will bless them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will build them up, and not tear them down ## +# I will build them up, and not tear them down. I will plant them, and not uproot them -This expression compares the exiles to a building which Yahweh will build and not tear down. AT: "I will help them flourish in the land, and not ruin them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These two metaphors have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. AT: "I will help them to prosper in Chaldea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## I will plant them, and not uproot them ## +# I will build them up, and not tear them down -AT: "I will establish them in the land, and not remove them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speak of the exiles as a building which Yahweh will build and not tear down. AT: "I will help them flourish in the land, and not ruin them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they will turn to me with all their heart ## +# I will plant them, and not uproot them -AT: "they will turn to me with their whole being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speak of the exiles as plants which Yahweh will plant in good soil and not pull out. AT: "I will establish them in the land, and not remove them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will give them a heart to know me + +Here "a heart" refers to their desires. AT: "I will cause them to desire to know me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will turn to me with all their heart + +Here "all their heart is an idiom that means "completely." AT: "they will turn to me completely" or "they will turn to me without reservation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/24/08.md b/jer/24/08.md index c6daa92d2f..6541643243 100644 --- a/jer/24/08.md +++ b/jer/24/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## But like the bad figs that are too bad to be eaten ## +# But like the bad figs that are too bad to be eaten -This expression compares bad figs to bad people. Bad figs are figs which cannot be eaten and are useless, bad people do not follow Yahweh and are also useless. (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This simile speaks of the evil officials in Jerusalem as if they were bad figs that were too rotten to eat. Just as bad figs are useless, so these people who do not follow Yahweh are also useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## I will turn them into a frightening thing, a disaster ## +# I will turn them into a frightening thing, a disaster ... a disgrace and a subject for proverbs, taunts, and curses -Yahweh compares the coming judgment on the people of Jerusalem to something that will scare other people when they see it. (See : [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how thoroughly Yahweh will judge the people of Jerusalem. They will become something that will frighten other people when they see it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will send out sword, famine, and plague against them ## +# I will send out sword, famine, and plague against them -AT:"I will kill them with war, famine and sicknesses." +"I will kill them with war, famine and sicknesses" -## I will send out sword ## +# I will send out sword -AT: "I will send enemy armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "sword" refers to war or enemy armies. AT: "I will send enemy armies" or "I will send out war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sword, famine, and plague + +These things are spoken of as if they were living things that could attack the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# they are destroyed from the land + +"none of them remain in the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/24/intro.md b/jer/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2442ddf2d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 24 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The exiles are blessed and the others punished ##### + +God will bless the people who were taken away into Babylon but punish the people left in the land because they still did not repent and turn to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/01.md b/jer/25/01.md index 8736677f7f..0eb7814fec 100644 --- a/jer/25/01.md +++ b/jer/25/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## the fourth year of Jehoiakim ## +# This is the word that came to Jeremiah -After Jehoiakim ruled for 3 years but before he finished his forth (4) year as king. +It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah" or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the first year of Nebuchadnezzar ## +# the fourth ... the first -During the first year of Nebuchadnezzar's reign. - -## all the people of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem ## - -These were the last of the Israelites. The northern kingdom had already fallen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/03.md b/jer/25/03.md index 2086c9611b..4d8b8b8e91 100644 --- a/jer/25/03.md +++ b/jer/25/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,3 @@ -## Amon ## +# Amon -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## until this day ## - -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:24](../07/24.md). - -## Yahweh's words have been coming to me ## - -AT: "Yahweh has given me his words to proclaim to you" - -## They were eager to go out ## - -AT: "They were eager to share God's words with you" - -## listen or pay attention ## - -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 11:6](../11/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/05.md b/jer/25/05.md index e87d80b088..ddd6cc98e4 100644 --- a/jer/25/05.md +++ b/jer/25/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## his wicked way and the corruption of his practices ## +# Let each man turn from his wicked way and the corruption of his practices -The terms "wicked way" and "corruption of his practices" mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Jeremiah speaks of people who stop committing an action as if those people were turning away from that action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## return to the land that Yahweh gave in ancient times to your ancestors and to you, as a permanent gift ## +# his wicked way and the corruption of his practices -AT: "so that you can return to the land Yahweh promised to you and live in it forever" +The terms "wicked way" and "corruption of his practices" mean the same thing and refer to every sinful thing that they do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## do not provoke him with the work of your hands so that he does you harm ## +# the corruption of his practices -AT: "do not make Yahweh angry with your evil works so he will punish you" \ No newline at end of file +"his corrupt practices" + +# do not walk after other gods + +Jeremiah speaks of a person being devoted to a god as if the person were walking behind the god. AT: "do not become devoted to other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not provoke him with the work of your hands + +The word "him" refers to Yahweh. Possible meanings for the phrase "the work of your hands" are 1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. AT: "do not provoke Yahweh with the idols that you have made" or 2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word "hands" being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. AT: "do not provoke Yahweh by the things that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/07.md b/jer/25/07.md index fe0acdaf97..2a0589db23 100644 --- a/jer/25/07.md +++ b/jer/25/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## you have not listened to me ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -AT: "you have not obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## and bring them against this land ## +# you have provoked me with the work of your hands to do harm to you -God plans to use Nebuchadnezzar and his arms to punish Israel and surrounding nations for their rebellion against Yahweh. +See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:6](./05.md). Possible meanings for the phrase "the work of your hands" are 1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. AT: "you have provoked me to harm you because of the idols that you have made with your hands" or 2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word "hands" being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. AT: "you have provoked me to harm you because of the things that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## see ## +# to do harm to you -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:17](../01/17.md). +"so that I do harm to you" -## hissing ## +# Yahweh of hosts says this -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:15](../18/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# see + +"Indeed." The word "see" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# bring them against this land + +The idiom to "bring ... against this land" means that they will attack the people who live in the land. AT: "bring them to attack this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will set them apart for destruction + +The idiom "set ... apart for destruction" means to destroy something completely. AT: "I will destroy them completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will turn them into a horror + +The word "horror" may be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I will turn them into something that horrifies people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# an object for hissing + +The word "hissing" refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "an object at which people will hiss" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/10.md b/jer/25/10.md index 18ab45f8e5..896fe6f5f3 100644 --- a/jer/25/10.md +++ b/jer/25/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## millstones ## +# millstones These are two large, round stones used to grind grain. -## I will make all these things disappear from these nations ## +# the sound of joy and sound of gladness, the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride -This is a reference to the nations being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:34](../07/33.md). -## these nations will serve the king of Babylon ## +# all of this land will become a desolation and a horror -Be forced to pay tribute and sold into slavery. \ No newline at end of file +The words "desolation" and "horror" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I will cause this land to be desolate and something that horrifies people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/12.md b/jer/25/12.md index 91badd0ffa..5733ac3792 100644 --- a/jer/25/12.md +++ b/jer/25/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## have been completed ## +# when seventy years have been completed -AT: "when their punishment is complete" +"after seventy years" or "after seventy years have passed" -## make it an unending desolation ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -God vows to turn Babylon into a desert like wilderness. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## for their deeds and the works of their hands ## +# an unending desolation -God will cause them to receive the same punishment they inflicted on the nations they conquered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The noun "desolation" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "desolate forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# everything written in this book + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "everything that Jeremiah has written in this book" or "everything that one has written in this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will repay them for their deeds and the works of their hands + +Yahweh speaks of punishing the people of the nations for what they have done as if he were paying them back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their deeds and the works of their hands + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The idiom "the works of their hands" refers to the actions of a person, with the word "hands" being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. AT: "everything that they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/15.md b/jer/25/15.md index ed9d67d4fd..57ff644ef5 100644 --- a/jer/25/15.md +++ b/jer/25/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## cup of the wine of fury from my hand and make all the nations to which I am sending you drink it ## +# Take this cup of the wine of fury -Yahweh is commanding punishment to start. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of his extreme anger as if it were wine that fills a cup. AT: "Take this cup of wine that represents my fury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## make all the nations to which I am sending you drink it ## +# make all the nations ... drink it -AT: "make the nations experience it" +The word "nations" represents the people of the nations. Yahweh speaks of people experiencing his fury as if they were to drink the wine that is in the cup. AT: "make all the people of the nations ... drink the wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they will drink and then stumble about and rant madly before the sword that I am sending out among them ## +# they will drink and then stumble about and rant madly -Those experiencing the consequences of Yahweh's severe punishment will act like crazy people. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the people being terrified about his fury as if they were drunk from drinking the wine from the cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before the sword that I am sending out among them + +Here the word "sword" represents war. AT: "because of the wars that I am causing to happen among them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/17.md b/jer/25/17.md index 45c129c670..5f45107148 100644 --- a/jer/25/17.md +++ b/jer/25/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh's wrath as a drink to be poured out. +# Connecting Statement: -## I made all the nations to which Yahweh had sent me drink it ## +This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh's extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The action of drinking from the cup of wine symbolized God's judgment. +# I made all the nations ... drink it -## to turn them into ruins and something terrifying ## +The word "nations" represents the people of the nations. AT: "I made all the people of the nations ... drink the wine from the cup" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "to destroy them" +# something terrifying -## for hissing and cursing ## +The adjective "terrifying" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "something that terrifies people" -AT: "to be despised or cursed" +# an object for hissing and cursing -## they are at this present day ## +The word "hissing" refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval. Both "hissing" and "cursing" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "an object at which people hiss and which they curse" -There was apparently a period of time between when this was written and when it actually happened. \ No newline at end of file +# they are at this present day + +Possible meanings are that this phrase 1) refers to the time when the book of Jeremiah was written and some time after Jeremiah had proclaimed this prophecy or 2) means that the things about which Jeremiah prophesies here have already started to happen. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/19.md b/jer/25/19.md index 8bdffdca85..63b661dc1c 100644 --- a/jer/25/19.md +++ b/jer/25/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Jeremiah lists all the nations that were to be judged (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Connecting Statement: -## people of mixed heritage ## +This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh's extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This is a reference to people with two parents from two different nations. AT: "mixed people" \ No newline at end of file +# Other nations also had to drink it + +The word "nations" represents the people of the nations. AT: "People from other nations also had to drink the wine from the cup" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# people of mixed heritage + +Possible meanings are 1) people whose ancestors were from different people groups or 2) foreigners who lived in Egypt. + +# Uz + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/22.md b/jer/25/22.md index febdceacb1..683086d1b5 100644 --- a/jer/25/22.md +++ b/jer/25/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Jeremiah continues to list all the nations that were under God's judgement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Connecting Statement: -## the sea ## +This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh's extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sea This is a reference to the Mediterranean Sea. -## the ones who cut the hair on the sides of their heads ## +# Dedan, Tema, and Buz -This is likely a reference to Arabians who lived in the desert. \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# all the ones who cut the hair on the sides of their heads + +This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as "all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 9:26](../09/25.md). + +# they also had to drink it + +"they also had to drink the wine from the cup" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/24.md b/jer/25/24.md index 86cecb4375..5f2e310912 100644 --- a/jer/25/24.md +++ b/jer/25/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## drink it ## +# Connecting Statement: -This refers to the cup of wine in Jeremiah's vision that is symbolic of God's judgment. +This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh's extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Zimri ## +# Zimri -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the kings of the north ## +# everyone with his brother -AT: "the kings from the north" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that means every person, one after another. AT: "one after another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all of them had to drink the cup from Yahweh's hand + +Here "the cup" is a metonym for the wine that it contains. AT: "all of these people had to drink the wine from the cup in Yahweh's hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/27.md b/jer/25/27.md index 5e00080ccb..d6a50f970b 100644 --- a/jer/25/27.md +++ b/jer/25/27.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ -The vision that God gave to the prophet Jeremiah continues. +# Connecting Statement: -## Drink and become drunk, then vomit, fall down, and do not rise before the sword that I am sending among you. ## +This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh's extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This shows the inevitability of the coming punishment and the futility of trying to avoid it. +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -## the cup from your hand to drink ## +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -AT: "their punishment" +# before the sword that I am sending among you -## "You must certainly drink it ## +Here the word "sword" represents war. AT: "before the wars that I am causing to happen among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This is not a cup that nations can refuse to drink. Nations can not refuse God's Judgments of war and natural disasters. +# the city that is called by my name -## drink it ## +This refers to Jerusalem and can be translated in active form. AT: "the city that I have called by my name" or "Jerusalem, which I have called by my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: be punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# and should you yourselves be free from punishment? -## the city that is called by my name ## +Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people and to emphasize that he will certainly punish them. AT: "so do not think that you yourselves will be free from punishment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# I am calling a sword against all the inhabitants of the land -## should you yourselves be free from punishment? ## - -AT: "you are to be punished." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## I am calling a sword against all the inhabitants of the land ## - -AT: "I am punishing those who live in the land" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "sword" represents war. Yahweh speaks of declaring war against the people as if he were calling a sword against them. AT: "I am declaring war against all the inhabitants of the land" or "I am bringing war against all the inhabitants of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/30.md b/jer/25/30.md index 87a187a5a3..48a9cfda7b 100644 --- a/jer/25/30.md +++ b/jer/25/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## He roars against his dwelling place ## +# Yahweh will roar -AT: "He is about to bring punishment and destroy the temple" +Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh shouting very loudly as if he were roaring like a lion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to bring a lawsuit ## +# from the heights -AT: "to convict the nations" or "to judge and punish the nations" +This phrase is a metonym for heaven. AT: "from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He will administer justice to all flesh ## +# he will roar mightily against his fold -All the known nations will experience God's judgment. +Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as if he were a lion and his people were a flock of sheep. The people will be helpless when Yahweh comes to punish them, as sheep are helpless when a lion attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to all flesh ## +# those who tread the grapes -AT: "to all mankind" or "to all people" +This refers to people who crush grapes in a winepress with their feet in order to make wine. -## hand over the wicked ones to the sword ## +# to the ends of the earth -AT: "kill the evil people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. AT: "to the farthest places on the earth" or "to everywhere on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# on all flesh + +Here the word "flesh" represents humanity. AT: "on all mankind" or "on all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He will hand over the wicked ones to the sword + +Here the word "sword" represents war. Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh causing people to die in battle as if he were placing those people under the sword's power. AT: "He will cause wicked people to die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/32.md b/jer/25/32.md index 7dde2628f6..6e35bee076 100644 --- a/jer/25/32.md +++ b/jer/25/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## See ## +# Yahweh of hosts says this -AT: "Pay attention to this!" See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 5:14](../05/14.md) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## a great storm is beginning from the farthest parts of the earth ## +# See -AT: "destruction is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Look" or "Listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## will on that day extend from one end of the earth to the other ## +# disaster is going out from nation to nation -AT: "will on that day cover the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Yahweh speaks of great disasters happening in each nation as if "disaster" were a person who goes from nation to nation. AT: "great disasters are going to happen in one nation after another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## They will be like dung on the ground ## +# a great storm is beginning from the farthest parts of the earth -Possible meanings are 1) there were few or nobody left to bury the people or 2) there was a total lack of concern for the bodies of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) Yahweh speaks of Babylonian army and the destruction that it will cause as if it were a great storm or 2) Yahweh speaks of his great anger as if it were a great storm that causes much destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those killed by Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom Yahweh killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will on that day extend from one end of the earth to the other + +By mentioning both ends of the earth, this phrase represents everywhere in between those ends. AT: "will on that day cover the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# they will not be mourned, gathered, or buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will mourn them, gather them, or bury them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will be like dung on the ground + +The bodies are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 16:4](../16/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/34.md b/jer/25/34.md index eb0af18b22..e5e69afb72 100644 --- a/jer/25/34.md +++ b/jer/25/34.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## shepherds ## +# shepherds -This is a reference to leaders of Israel. +Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who are responsible for protecting and caring for the people, who, implicitly, are spoken of as if they are the sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Roll about on the ground ## +# Roll about in the dust -This is a sign of sorrow, mourning or distress. +This is a sign of sorrow, mourning or distress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## For your day ## +# you leaders of the flock -AT: For your time" or "the time for you" +This phrase also refers to the leaders of Israel who are responsible to care for the people, who are spoken of as if they were a flock of sheep. AT: "you leaders of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You will fall like chosen rams. ## +# for the days of your slaughter have come -AT: "You will easily be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Usually it is the sheep that are slaughtered, but here Yahweh says that he will slaughter the shepherds. The word "slaughter" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "for the time has come for me to slaughter you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Refuge for the shepherds is gone ## +# you will be scattered when you fall like fine pottery -There will be no hiding place to escape this judgment or destruction. +Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel being destroyed as if they are pieces of pottery that shatter when they fall to the ground. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will fall like fine pottery and your shattered pieces will scatter on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Yahweh is devastating their pastures ## +# Yahweh is destroying their pastures -God's Judgment is on both the leaders and the people, no one will be spared. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the nation in which the leaders think that they live peacefully as if it were the "pastures" in which they care for the sheep (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/37.md b/jer/25/37.md index 306137cf74..6644f719f9 100644 --- a/jer/25/37.md +++ b/jer/25/37.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## So the peaceful pastures will be devastated ## +# So the peaceful pastures will be devastated -"the peaceful pastures" is an expression for all the people in Israel. God will destroy the whole nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh continues to speak of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds. Here he speaks of the nation as the "pastures" in which they think they live peacefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Like a young lion, he has left his den, for ## +# the peaceful pastures will be devastated because of Yahweh's fierce anger -Unlike other references where God is viewed as a protective lion toward Israel, here, God is pouring out his judgment on Israel. AT: "Yahweh is coming and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be put into active form. AT: "Yahweh will devastate the peaceful pastures because of he extremely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Like a young lion, he has left his den + +Yahweh punishing his people in his extreme wrath is spoken of as if Yahweh were a lion who leaves his den in search of prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their land will become a horror + +The word "horror" may be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "their land will become something that horrifies people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the oppressor's anger + +This refers to the anger of Israel's enemies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/25/intro.md b/jer/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d4c7269915 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Jeremiah 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 25:30-38, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Seventy years ##### + +Babylon will rule over Judah for seventy years. Because Yahweh is just, he will soon punish Babylon for their evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### + +Jeremiah uses the idiom of drinking the cup of wine of God's punishment to say that Babylon will destroy all the surrounding nations and then be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/01.md b/jer/26/01.md index a227467a79..488b004098 100644 --- a/jer/26/01.md +++ b/jer/26/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## cities of Judah ## +# this word came from Yahweh, saying -AT: "people from the cities of Judah" +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 18:1](../18/01.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "This message came from Yahweh. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Do not cut short any word! ## +# this word came from Yahweh, saying -AT : "Do not leave anything out from what I've told you!" +It can be stated clearly who Yahweh gave this message to. AT: "this word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying" or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## so I will relent concerning the disaster ## +# cities of Judah -This is conditional destruction. If Judah repents, God will not destroy but heal them. \ No newline at end of file +The word "cities" is a metonym for the people who live in the city. AT: "people from the cities of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not cut short any word! + +"Do not leave anything out from what I have told you!" + +# each man will turn from his wicked ways + +Yahweh speaks of a person's lifestyle as if it were a "way" or path along which the person walks. AT: "each man will stop his wicked way of living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so I will relent concerning the disaster + +This is conditional destruction. If Judah repents, God will not destroy but heal them. + +# the wickedness of their practices + +"the wicked way that they live" or "the wicked things that they do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/04.md b/jer/26/04.md index 38ff6a0145..77b5c1df19 100644 --- a/jer/26/04.md +++ b/jer/26/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## If you do not listen to me so as to walk in my law that I have placed before you ## +# If you do not listen to me so as to walk in my law that I have placed before you -AT: "If you do not obey me and the law that I have given you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of a person's lifestyle as if it were a path along which the person walks. AT: "If you do not obey me and the law that I have given you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## then I will make this house like Shiloh ## +# then I will make this house like Shiloh -"then I will destroy the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh had destroyed a place of worship at Shiloh, and he was threatening to destroy this place of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## I will turn this city into a curse ## +# I will turn this city into a curse -This refers to the punishment that Yahweh will cause to happen to Jerusalem. +What Yahweh would turn the city into is a metonym for what people would use the city for. AT: "I will make this city so that people will ask me to destroy others the way I have destroyed this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in the sight of all the nations on earth ## +# in the sight of all the nations on earth -AT: "for all the nations to witness" \ No newline at end of file +"so that all the nations on earth can see me do it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/07.md b/jer/26/07.md index 7c453deb97..05f0c22367 100644 --- a/jer/26/07.md +++ b/jer/26/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Yahweh's house ## +# Yahweh's house -"the temple" +the temple -## all the people seized him and said, “You will certainly die! ## +# all the people seized him and said, "You will certainly die! -Possible meanings are 1) The people chose to believe the lie of false peace and did not want to be confronted with the truth or 2) the people believed the other prophets proclaiming peace and saw Jeremiah as a false prophet who should be stoned for leading the people astray. +Possible meanings are 1) The people chose to believe the lie of false peace and did not want to be confronted with the truth, or 2) the people believed the other prophets proclaiming peace and saw Jeremiah as a false prophet who should be stoned for leading the people astray. -## Why have you prophesied in Yahweh's name and said that this house will become like Shiloh and this city will become desolate, with no inhabitant? ## +# Why have you prophesied ... inhabitant? -This is a rebuke. AT: "You should not have prophesied in Yahweh's name that his temple would be destroyed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rebuke can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not have prophesied ... inhabitant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/10.md b/jer/26/10.md index bab3790ee8..71811914a5 100644 --- a/jer/26/10.md +++ b/jer/26/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## official ## +# the New Gate -This is a person who has a position of authority. +the name of the gate through which people went into the temple -## the New Gate ## +# you heard with your own ears -This was a specific entrance into the Temple. +"you heard" -## you heard with your own ears ## +# this house and this city -AT: "you heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## this house and this city ## - -"the people in Yahweh's temple and the city of Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file +"the people who worship in Yahweh's temple and those who live in the city of Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/13.md b/jer/26/13.md index f06e698196..f2e4c9d08b 100644 --- a/jer/26/13.md +++ b/jer/26/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## So now, improve your ways and your practices ## +# your ways ... your practices -the people had reverted to offering sacrifices to Yahweh to appease Him. But They were not interested in following Yahweh's laws or knowing Him. +These two phrases mean almost the same thing. AT: "the things you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## listen to the voice of Yahweh ## +# listen to the voice of Yahweh -AT: "obey Yahweh" +The voice is a synecdoche for the person, and the same word can be translated "listen" or "obey." AT: "obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Do to me what is good and right in your eyes. ## +# Do to me what is good and right in your eyes -AT: "Do to me whatever you think is good and right." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "good" and "right" mean the same thing. The eye is a metonym for the person's thoughts. AT: "Do to me whatever you think is the right thing to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## for your ears ## +# you are bringing innocent blood on yourselves and on this city and its inhabitants -AT: "for you to hear" \ No newline at end of file +Blood is a metonym for violent death, and to bring blood on someone is to make them guilty of violent death. AT: "you are making yourselves and this city and its inhabitants guilty of the violent death of an innocent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this city and its inhabitants + +These are two ways of speaking of the same people, perhaps first as a group and then as individuals. The city is a metonym for the people in the city. AT: "all the people in the city and every one of the people who live here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# for your ears + +The ear is a metonym for what the ear hears. AT: "for you to hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/16.md b/jer/26/16.md index 84b00ab026..2510979f9a 100644 --- a/jer/26/16.md +++ b/jer/26/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## It is not right for this man to die ## +# in the name of Yahweh our God -The elders acknowledge that Jeremiah's message came from God and acted accordingly. - -## in the name of Yahweh our God ## - -"with the authority of Yahweh our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The person's name is a metonym for his authority. AT: "with the authority of Yahweh our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/18.md b/jer/26/18.md index a2c3c60c2d..36fa055617 100644 --- a/jer/26/18.md +++ b/jer/26/18.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] -## Zion will be plowed like a field ## +# Morashite -AT: "Zion will be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +a person from the town or region of Moresheth -## the temple mount ## +# Yahweh of hosts says this -This is a reference to the mountain that the Temple is located on. +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## thickets ## +# Zion will become a plowed field ... and the hill of the temple will become a thicket -This term refers to groups of bushes or small trees growing closely together. +"Zion" and "the hill of the temple" refer to the same place. When a farmer plows a field, he turns over all the dirt and uproots all the plants that are growing there. A thicket is so full of bushes that no one can use it for anything. These two metaphors cannot be literally true at the same time, but they emphasize that Yahweh will allow the invaders to completely destroy the temple area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Did Hezekiah king of Judah and all of Judah put him to death? ## +# Did Hezekiah ... put him to death? -AT: "Hezekiah, king of Judah and the people of Judah did not put Micah to death." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. AT: "You know very well that Hezekiah ... did not put him to death." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Did he not fear Yahweh and appease the face of Yahweh so that Yahweh would relent concerning the disaster that he proclaimed to them? ## +# all of Judah -AT: "He feared Yahweh and made Yahweh less angry so that Yahweh would change his mind about the disaster that he said he would send." +The land is a metonym for the people who live there. AT: "all the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## appease the face of Yahweh ## +# Did he not fear Yahweh and appease the face of Yahweh ... them? -AT: "lessen Yahweh's anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. AT: "You know very well that he feared Yahweh and appeased the face of Yahweh so that Yahweh ... them." -## So will we do greater evil against our own lives?” ## +# appease the face of Yahweh -AT: "If we kill Jeremiah, we will bring greater evil on ourselves." \ No newline at end of file +The face is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "cause Yahweh to be less angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# So will we do greater evil against our own lives? + +The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. The word "lives" is a metonym for the people. AT: "If we kill Jeremiah, we will do greater evil against our own lives." or "We do not want to do worse things to ourselves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/20.md b/jer/26/20.md index c58a7e724c..de743bc53c 100644 --- a/jer/26/20.md +++ b/jer/26/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -A second prophet, Uriah, confirms Jeremiah's words +# Connecting Statement: -## in the name of Yahweh ## +Jeremiah stops telling about his own life and begins telling about what happened to another prophet. -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 26:16](./16.md) +# Meanwhile -## officials heard his word ## +"While what I was just telling you about was happening" -AT: "officials listened to what Uriah said" \ No newline at end of file +# in the name of Yahweh + +The person's name is a metonym for his authority. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 26:16](./16.md). AT: "with the authority of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# prophesied against this city and this land + +The words "city" and "land" are metonyms for the people who live there. AT: "prophesied that bad things would happen to the people who lived in this city and this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# heard his word + +"heard what he said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/22.md b/jer/26/22.md index 7c30c087c8..b4107c9c55 100644 --- a/jer/26/22.md +++ b/jer/26/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Uriah dies a prophet's death in Jerusalem. +# Connecting Statement: -## corpse ## +This is the end of the story of Uriah. -AT: "dead body" +# Elnathan ... Akbor ... Ahikam ... Shaphan -## the hand of Ahikam ## +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -Ahikam supported Jeremiah and protected him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# corpse -## Elnathan son of Achbor...Ahikam son of Shaphan ## +"dead body" -These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# the hand of Ahikam ... was with Jeremiah -## so he was not placed into the hands of the people for them to put him to death ## +The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Ahikam was not a soldier, so he probably was able to talk to people and change their minds. AT: "Ahikam ... was able to help Jeremiah" or "Ahikam ... was able to keep the people from harming Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "so the people were not able to kill him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# he was not given into the hand of the people to be put to death + +The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Ahikam did not allow the people to have the power to put Jeremiah to death" or "the people could not kill Jeremiah because Ahikam did not give them the power to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/26/intro.md b/jer/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b4a9f27f28 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 26 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The people want to kill Jeremiah ##### + +The people wanted to kill Jeremiah but other people intervened and said that they should listen to Jeremiah and repent. They represent the remnant of the faithful Jews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/01.md b/jer/27/01.md index a4c855a589..88e735e92a 100644 --- a/jer/27/01.md +++ b/jer/27/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Jehoiakim son of Josiah ## +# fetters -Some translations use Zedekiah instead of Jehoiakim. +things that keep a person from moving freely -## fetters ## +# Then send them out -This is something to keep a person from moving freely. +This seems to mean that Jeremiah was to send a set of fetters and yoke to each king listed. But some versions of the Bible translate this as "Then send out messages." -## Then send them out ## +# Send them by the hand of those kings' ambassadors who ... Judah -Jeremiah was to send a set of fetters and yoke to each king listed. +The hand is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "Have those kings' ambassadors, who ... Judah, take them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Give commands to them for their masters ## +# Give commands to them for their masters -Jeremiah was instructed to give a set of chains and yoke to each ambassador and a message for each king regarding the chains and yoke. \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah was instructed to give a set of chains and yoke to each ambassador and a message for each king regarding the chains and yoke. + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/05.md b/jer/27/05.md index 64097c6284..ee41bf6147 100644 --- a/jer/27/05.md +++ b/jer/27/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## by my great strength and my raised arm ## +# by my great strength and my raised arm -Both phrases have a similar meaning and are used together to emphasize Yahweh's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The phrase "raised arm" refers to great power and intensifies the first phrase. AT: "by my very great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## I give it to anyone who is right in my eyes ## +# I give it to anyone who is right in my eyes -"I give it to anyone I want to." +Another possible meaning is "I give it to anyone I want to." -## subdue him ## +# I ... am giving all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar ... servant -will become strong and defeat Babylon. \ No newline at end of file +The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, and the word "lands" is a metonym for the people who live in those lands. AT: "I ... am putting the people who live in all these lands under the power of Nebuchadnezzar ... servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the time for his land comes + +You may need to make explicit the nature of the time. AT: "the time for me to destroy his land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# subdue him + +Here "him" refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents the kingdom of Babylon. AT: "will defeat Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/08.md b/jer/27/08.md index 254d8b7dce..e9990a67fa 100644 --- a/jer/27/08.md +++ b/jer/27/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## that does not put his neck into the yoke of the king ## +# that does not put its neck under the yoke of the king -Those that do not swear allegiance to the king of Nebuchadnezzar and pay tribute or taxes to the king. +Being the king's slave is spoken of as being an animal on to the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. AT: "and whose people do not willingly become slaves of the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## by his hand ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -This phrase refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## this is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# I have destroyed them by his hand -AT: "This is what Yahweh says will happen" \ No newline at end of file +The hand here could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar's power, or it could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar's armies. AT: "I have used Nebuchadnezzar's power to destroy them" or "I have enabled Nebuchadnezzar's armies to destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/09.md b/jer/27/09.md index 459f83a85a..ec6e333554 100644 --- a/jer/27/09.md +++ b/jer/27/09.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the people of Judah -## soothsayer ## +# soothsayers -This is someone who makes predictions about the future. +people who say what will happen in the future -## But the nation that places its neck into the yoke of the king ## +# the nation that places its neck under the yoke of the king -AT: "But the nation who serves the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Being the king's slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](./08.md). AT: "the nation whose people willingly becomes slaves of the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## this is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# the nation that places -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +The nation here is a metonym for the people of that nation. AT: "the nation of people who place" -## cultivate ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# cultivate This means to prepare and use land to grow food crops -## make their homes in it ## +# make their homes in it -AT: "make Babylon their home" \ No newline at end of file +"make their homes in their own land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/12.md b/jer/27/12.md index 54e7a1dbba..d979f5ac88 100644 --- a/jer/27/12.md +++ b/jer/27/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the king of Judah. -## Quit listening to your... ## +# Place your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon -Quit listening to your... God is telling them to stop listening to all the false prophets that do not speak for Yahweh. +Being the king's slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words were translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](../28/08.md). -## Place your necks into the yoke of the king of Babylon ## +# Place your necks -God is requiring Judah to submit and serve Babylon as their king. +The word "your" refers to Zedekiah and the people of Judah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Why will you die—you and your people—by the sword, famine, and plague, just as I have declared about the nation that refuses to serve the king of Babylon? ## +# Why will you die ... king of Babylon? -AT: "You will die, you and your people, by the sword, famine, and plague, just as I have declared, if you do not serve the king of Babylon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah uses this question to warn the king that his actions will lead to his death. AT: "For if you do not do this, you will surely die ... king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/14.md b/jer/27/14.md index c3d06df4ef..ce9d29e732 100644 --- a/jer/27/14.md +++ b/jer/27/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the king and people of Judah. -## Do not listen to the words... ## +# Do not listen to the words -Yahweh is warning the people about all the false prophets that He did not send that are lying to them. +Yahweh is warning the people about all the false prophets that he did not send and that are lying to them. -## For I have not sent them out" ## +# For I have not sent them out "For I have not sent them" -## in my name ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -This phrase means speaking with Yahweh's power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## I will drive you out ## +# they are prophesying deceit in my name -AT: "I will send you away from your home country" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "in my name" represents speaking with Yahweh's power and authority or as his representative. Here these prophets claim that they received their message from Yahweh, but that had not. The abstract noun "deceit" can be translated as the verb "deceiving." AT: "they say they are speaking for me when they prophesy, but they are deceiving you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will drive you out + +"I will force you to leave your home country" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/16.md b/jer/27/16.md index accf184acd..72b8889eb5 100644 --- a/jer/27/16.md +++ b/jer/27/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah continues to speak the words of Yahweh. -## The objects belonging to Yahweh's house are being returned from Babylon now! ## +# The objects belonging to Yahweh's house are being returned from Babylon now! -AT: "People from Babylon are bringing back all the gold items that they took from Yahweh's temple!" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "People are bringing back all the gold items that they took from Yahweh's temple!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Why should this city become a ruin? ## +# Why should this city become a ruin? -AT: "This entire city will be destroyed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to warn the people. AT: "You can keep this city from becoming a ruin if you do what Yahweh wants you to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## If they are prophets... ## +# If they are prophets, and if the word of Yahweh has truly come to them, let them beg -If what they speak is true, then they should be praying that my words do not come to pass and that the temple objects and leaders remain in Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh knows is not true. AT: "If they were prophets, and if the word of Yahweh had truly come to them, they would beg" or "Because they are not prophets and the word of Yahweh has not truly come to them, they will not beg" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# if the word of Yahweh has truly come to them + +The phrase "word of Yahweh" refers to messages from God. AT: "if Yahweh has truly given them messages" or "if Yahweh truly spoke messages to them" + +# the word of Yahweh ... beg Yahweh of hosts not + +Yahweh is speaking of himself in third person. AT: "my word ... be me, Yahweh of hosts, not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the house of the king of Judah + +The word "house" has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived. AT: "the palace of the king of Judah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/19.md b/jer/27/19.md index fd0edc53d1..44e3eb7340 100644 --- a/jer/27/19.md +++ b/jer/27/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Jeremiah continues to speak the words of Yahweh. +# General Information: -## the pillars, the sea, and the base ## +Jeremiah continues to bring the message of Yahweh. -These were objects that were in the temple. The “sea,” was a molten bronze basin. \ No newline at end of file +# Yahweh of hosts says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# the pillars, the large basin known as "The Sea" and its base + +These were objects that were in the temple. "The Sea" was a large bronze bowl. + +# Jehoiachin + +The Hebrew text has "Jeconiah," which is a variation of the name "Jehoiachin." Many modern versions have "Jehoiachin" in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/21.md b/jer/27/21.md index eae9a1eacf..5e76798ed9 100644 --- a/jer/27/21.md +++ b/jer/27/21.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah continues to speak the words of Yahweh. -## this is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# the house of the king of Judah + +The word "house" has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace there the king lived. AT: "the palace of the king of Judah" + +# They will be brought to Babylon + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "People will bring them to Babylon" or "I will bring them to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will bring them up + +The reader should understand that Yahweh will have people carry them up. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/27/intro.md b/jer/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0eda13edb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 27 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The nations should serve Babylon ##### + +Jeremiah told the king of Judah, and all the surrounding nations, to serve the Babylonians and live in their land. If they refused, Babylon would take them as captives to another land. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/28/01.md b/jer/28/01.md index 8e9364db66..ca0c8e9e6e 100644 --- a/jer/28/01.md +++ b/jer/28/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Hananiah claims to speak for God. -## in the fourth year and the fifth month ## +# in the fourth year and the fifth month -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]]) +This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. This was after Zedekiah had been king for three years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Azzur ## +# Azzur -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## I have broken the yoke imposed by the king of Babylon ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -AT: "I have stopped the control of the king of Babylon" \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# I have broken the yoke imposed by the king of Babylon + +Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. AT: "I have made it so you are no longer slaves of the king of Babylon" or "I have set you free from slavery to the king of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/28/03.md b/jer/28/03.md index 205a690eee..d7aba94093 100644 --- a/jer/28/03.md +++ b/jer/28/03.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Hananiah continues to speak. -## this is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# Jehoiachin -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +The Hebrew text has "Jeconiah," which is a variation of the name "Jehoiachin." Many modern versions have "Jehoiachin" in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to. + +# who were sent + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "whom I sent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/28/05.md b/jer/28/05.md index a4fc66ad40..a1780b5ee3 100644 --- a/jer/28/05.md +++ b/jer/28/05.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# May Yahweh confirm the words that you prophesied + +"May Yahweh prove you have prophesied truly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/28/08.md b/jer/28/08.md index d0d00f9f23..ada425c420 100644 --- a/jer/28/08.md +++ b/jer/28/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## The prophets who existed before me and you ## +# The prophets who existed before me and you from long ago -AT: "The prophets who lived before you and me many years ago" +"The prophets who lived long ago before you and I" -## then it will be known that he is indeed a prophet sent out by Yahweh ## +# then it will be known that he is indeed a prophet sent out by Yahweh -AT: "then you will know that he is a true prophet of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "then you will know that he is indeed a true prophet and that Yahweh has sent him out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/28/10.md b/jer/28/10.md index a4fc66ad40..f73ba06702 100644 --- a/jer/28/10.md +++ b/jer/28/10.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# Just like this + +"Just as Hananiah has taken the yoke off Jeremiah's neck" + +# I will break from off the neck of every nation the yoke imposed by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon + +Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. AT: "I will make it so all nations are no longer slaves of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon" or "I will set every nation free from slavery to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# every nation + +The word "nation" is a metonym for the people of that nation. AT: "the people of every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the yoke imposed by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the yoke that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has imposed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# imposed + +put on people \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/28/12.md b/jer/28/12.md index d4009d28f1..c8857658a8 100644 --- a/jer/28/12.md +++ b/jer/28/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the word of Yahweh came to ## +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you broke a yoke of wood, but I will make instead a yoke of iron ## +# You broke a yoke of wood, but I will make instead a yoke of iron -AT: "you broke a weak yoke but I will make a yoke which cannot be broken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"You broke a weak yoke but I will replace it with a yoke that you cannot break" + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# I have placed a yoke of iron on the neck of all of these nations to serve Nebuchadnezzar + +Yahweh speaks of making nations to be slaves of Nebuchadnezzar as if he were putting yokes on oxen to make them do heavy work. AT: "I have made all of these nations slaves, and they will have to serve Nebuchadnezzar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/28/15.md b/jer/28/15.md index 433dc74f4b..87ac898864 100644 --- a/jer/28/15.md +++ b/jer/28/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## in the seventh month ## +# you proclaimed rebellion against Yahweh -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]] \ No newline at end of file +It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. AT: "you urged people to rebel against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# In the seventh month + +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/28/intro.md b/jer/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0263a6d8d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 28 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### False prophecies continue ##### + +A false prophet prophesied that the captives would return from Babylon with all the temple vessels. Jeremiah told the false prophet that he would die that year for prophesying lies, and he did die. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/01.md b/jer/29/01.md index 3e568e53fe..5ba4465579 100644 --- a/jer/29/01.md +++ b/jer/29/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## sent out from Jerusalem ## +# sent out from Jerusalem -AT: "proclaimed from Jerusalem" +"proclaimed from Jerusalem" -## the queen mother ## +# remaining elders -This title is often used for the king's mother. +"elders who were still alive" -## high officials ## +# Jehoiachin -AT: "very important officials" +The Hebrew text has "Jeconiah," which is a variation of the name "Jehoiachin." Many modern versions have "Jehoiachin" in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to. -## Elasah son of Shapan and Gemariah son of Hilkiah ## +# the queen mother -These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +the king's mother + +# high officials + +"very important officials" + +# by the hand of Elasah + +Jeremiah gave the scroll to Elasah so that Elasah could take it to Babylon. The reader should understand that Elasah probably put the scroll in a container to keep it safe as he traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Elasah ... Shapan ... Gemariah ... Hilkiah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/04.md b/jer/29/04.md index 07d78423af..a2992cca06 100644 --- a/jer/29/04.md +++ b/jer/29/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## whom I caused ## +# Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel, says this to all the captives -AT: "whom he caused" or "whom Yahweh caused" +When people wrote letters in that society, they would write their name first, then the name of the person to whom they were writing, and then the main part of the letter. Yahweh speaks of himself by name as if he were writing the letter himself. -## Build houses and live in them. Plant gardens and eat their fruit ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -Yahweh is telling them they will be there for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# Build houses and live in them. Plant gardens and eat their fruit + +Yahweh is telling them they will be there for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/06.md b/jer/29/06.md index 6037abbae4..c880bd0cc4 100644 --- a/jer/29/06.md +++ b/jer/29/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## take wives for your sons ## +# take wives for your sons, and give your daughters to husbands -AT: "have your sons get married" +Parents commonly arranged their children's marriages. -## give your daughters to husbands ## +# Seek the peace of the city -AT: "allow your daughters to marry" +The peace of the city is a metonym for the people living in peace. AT: "Do everything you can so the people of the city live in peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## its..it ## +# the city ... its behalf ... it is at peace -This refers to the city of Babylon. - -## Seek the peace of the city ## - -seek to Live peaceably with all people. Implying not to cause trouble and rebel against the authority. \ No newline at end of file +These words refer to the city of Babylon. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/08.md b/jer/29/08.md index bed93db4c6..465a72211d 100644 --- a/jer/29/08.md +++ b/jer/29/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the captive Israelites. -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md) \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# you yourselves are having + +Another possible meaning is "you are encouraging the prophets to have for you." + +# they are prophesying deceitfully ... I did not send them + +Possible meanings are 1) these words refer to the prophets and diviners, not to the dreams or 2) "they are prophesying deceitfully" refers to the dreams, and "I did not send them" refers to the prophets and diviners. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/10.md b/jer/29/10.md index b4267d5a5e..f698fa9dc1 100644 --- a/jer/29/10.md +++ b/jer/29/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to the captives of Israel. -## you ## +# you -This refers to the captive Isrealites. +the captive Israelites -## seventy years ## +# seventy years -AT: " 70 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]]) \ No newline at end of file +"70 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/12.md b/jer/29/12.md index 62b7a8ce37..7ca962e1d7 100644 --- a/jer/29/12.md +++ b/jer/29/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to the captives of Israel. -## call to me, and go and pray to me ## +# you will call to me -AT: "pray to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Praying is spoken of as calling out with a loud voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will listen to you ## +# I will listen to you -This implies that Yahweh will give them what they want. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This implies that Yahweh will give them what they want. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I will bring back your fortunes ## +# you will seek me -AT: "I will cause things to go well for you again" \ No newline at end of file +Wanting to know what Yahweh requires is spoken of as trying to find where Yahweh is. AT: "you will want to do what I require you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will seek me with all your heart + +"you will be completely sincere when you seek me" + +# I will be found by you + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will allow you to find me" or "you will be able to find me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will bring back your fortunes + +"I will cause things to go well for you again" or "I will cause you to live well again" + +# I caused you to be exiled + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I sent you into exile" or "I sent you to be exiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/15.md b/jer/29/15.md index fd4e344cd7..843f8fca09 100644 --- a/jer/29/15.md +++ b/jer/29/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah speaks to the captive Israelites. -## who sits on the throne of David ## +# the king who sits on the throne of David -This is a reference to the king of Judah who is one of David's descendants. +Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. AT: "the king who rules the Israelites as David did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## See ## +# Yahweh of hosts says this -AT: "Look" or "listen" or "pay attention" +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## I am about to send sword, famine, and disease on them ## +# See -"Sword" represents warfare. AT: "I am going to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. AT: "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention" -## For I will make them like rotten figs that are too bad to be eaten ## +# I am about to send sword, famine, and disease on them -AT: "I will punish them harshly" or "I will make their life bad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "sword" is a metonym for war. The sword, famine, and disease are spoken of as people who can obey Yahweh's command to harm the Israelites. AT: "I am going to punish them by having them die in war, from hunger, and from illness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# For I will make them like rotten figs that are too bad to be eaten + +Rotten figs are useless because they cannot be eaten, and Yahweh sees no use for the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/18.md b/jer/29/18.md index ffc9c6435e..f00e8e0749 100644 --- a/jer/29/18.md +++ b/jer/29/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## a horrible sight to all the kingdoms on earth—a horror, an object about curses and hissed words, and a shameful thing among all the nations ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "make her despised among the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Israel. -## hissed words ## +# a horror, an object of curses and hissing, and a shameful thing -Hissing sounds like a snake and means strong disgust. +These words all share similar meanings and describe how the people of other nations will react when they see what Yahweh has done to the people of Judah. -## listen ## +# hissing -AT: "obey" \ No newline at end of file +the sound people make when they disapprove of something + +# listen + +"obey" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/20.md b/jer/29/20.md index 390a1253fe..5cbb3e85ef 100644 --- a/jer/29/20.md +++ b/jer/29/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Kolaiah, Maaseiah ## +# So you yourselves listen + +Yahweh is now about to issue a command and wants them to pay attention. AT: "But as for you, listen carefully" + +# Kolaiah ... Maaseiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## See ## +# who prophesy falsely to you in my name -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”. +Here "name" is a metonym for the person. AT: "liars who tell you that they are speaking my words to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I am about to hand them over ## +# See -AT: “I am allowing their enemies to conquer them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# I am about to put them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon + +Here "hand" is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. AT: "I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to conquer them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# before your eyes + +"where you can see him do it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/22.md b/jer/29/22.md index 70400222fa..ff0c1bfa8a 100644 --- a/jer/29/22.md +++ b/jer/29/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## a curse will be spoken about these persons ## +# a curse will be spoken about these persons by all the captives of Judah in Babylon -"The captives of Judah will say a curse about these persons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the captives of Judah in Babylon will say a curse about these persons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## roasted in fire ## +# roasted -AT: "burned to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This word usually refers to cooking food over an open fire or in a pan, not to burning completely. Possible meanings are 1) this is a euphemism. AT: "burned to death" or 2) the king's men attached them to poles over the fire close enough that the fire would slowly kill them but far enough away that it would not totally consume their bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## I am the one who knows; I am the witness ## +# I am the one who knows; I am the witness -These clauses mean the same thing and Yahweh repeats them for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two clauses mean the same thing, and Yahweh repeats them for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/24.md b/jer/29/24.md index 76d7403adc..75b530fac8 100644 --- a/jer/29/24.md +++ b/jer/29/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Shemaiah, Maaseiah, Jehoiada ## +# Shemaiah ... Maaseiah ... Jehoiada These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Nehelamite ## +# Nehelamite This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in your own name ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -"Name" refers to a person's authority and reputation. AT: "based on your own authority and reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## stocks ## +# in your own name -This is a wooden frame to punish a person which holds the feet, hands, or head. \ No newline at end of file +The word "name" refers to a person's authority and reputation. AT: "based on your own authority and reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# stocks + +a wooden frame that holds the feet, hands, or head of a person whom someone is punishing \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/27.md b/jer/29/27.md index db5f2308ae..201e78f274 100644 --- a/jer/29/27.md +++ b/jer/29/27.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + This finishes the letter by Shemaiah that he sent out to the people in Jerusalem. -## why have you not rebuked Jeremiah of Anathoth, who makes himself into a prophet against you? ## +# why have you not rebuked Jeremiah of Anathoth ... against you? -AT: "you should have rebuked Jeremiah of Anathoth, who makes himself into a prophet speaking against you." +Shemaiah uses a rhetorical question to scold the people of Jerusalem for not rebuking Jeremiah. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I want you to rebuke Jeremiah of Anathoth ... against you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Build houses and live in them, and plant gardens and eat their fruit ## +# he has sent to us -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 29:4](./04.md) \ No newline at end of file +You may need to make explicit what it was that Jeremiah sent. AT: "he has sent a message to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Build houses and live in them, and plant gardens and eat their fruit + +See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:5](./04.md). + +# in the hearing of Jeremiah the prophet + +"so that Jeremiah the prophet could hear him read it." See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/30.md b/jer/29/30.md index ad42592714..c931fb3e59 100644 --- a/jer/29/30.md +++ b/jer/29/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Shemaiah the Nehelamite ## +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 29:24](./24.md). +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the word of Yahweh came to ## +# Shemaiah the Nehelamite -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 29:24](./24.md). -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# the good -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "the good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# he has proclaimed rebellion against Yahweh + +It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. AT: "he has urged people to rebel against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/29/intro.md b/jer/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8e85577bd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 29 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Two letters ##### + +Jeremiah sent a letter to Babylon telling the exiles to prepare for a long stay. A false prophet in Babylon wrote back to the chief priest telling him to punish Jeremiah. Even though Jeremiah had prophesied the exile, the Jews still did not believe him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/01.md b/jer/30/01.md index 80e4c148b8..da294854a9 100644 --- a/jer/30/01.md +++ b/jer/30/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Write for yourself in a scroll all the words that I have declared to you ## +# The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, -"Write in a scroll the message that I spoke to you" +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## For look ## +# For look -"For listen carefully." This phrase brings attention to what Yahweh is going say next. +"For listen carefully." This phrase brings attention to what Yahweh is going to say next. -## this is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# days are coming ... when I will restore the fortunes -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md). AT: "in the future ... I will restore the fortunes" or "there will be a time ... when I will restore the fortunes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will restore the fortunes of my people ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -"I will cause things to go well for my people again" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will restore the fortunes of my people, Israel and Judah + +"I will cause things to go well for my people, Israel and Judah, again" or "I will cause my people, Israel and Judah, to live well again." See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/04.md b/jer/30/04.md index 8dcb9a256e..b78259dead 100644 --- a/jer/30/04.md +++ b/jer/30/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## We have heard ## +# General Information: -The word "we" refers to Yahweh. He often refers to himself as "we." +Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## a trembling voice of dread and not of peace ## +# We have heard -AT: "people cry out in fear because there was no peace." Some versions have "you." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) that these are the words of Yahweh referring to himself as "we." AT: "I have heard" or 2) that these are the words of the people of Jerusalem. AT: "You people of Jerusalem say, 'We have heard'" + +# a trembling voice of dread and not of peace + +Possible meanings are 1) "people cry out in dread because there is no peace" or 2) "you cry out in dread because there is no peace." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/06.md b/jer/30/06.md index 1853235cee..c16452988f 100644 --- a/jer/30/06.md +++ b/jer/30/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Ask and see if a man bears a child ## +# Ask and see if a man bears a child -AT: "No man has ever given birth to a child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +"You know that no man has ever given birth to a child" -## Why do I see every young man with his hand on his loins? Like a woman bearing a child, why have all their faces become pale? ## +# Why do I see every young man with his hand on his loins like a woman bearing a child? Why have all their faces become pale? -Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize how afraid the men are. AT: "Yet, the young men are holding their bellies like a woman giving birth; they all look sick because they are so afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +A woman about to give birth is in great pain and unable to do anything. The young men are so frightened that their bodies hurt, and they are unable to fight. AT: "The young men are holding their bellies like a woman giving birth; they all look sick because they are so afraid." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## for Jacob, but he will be rescued from it ## +# for Jacob, but he will be rescued from it -AT: "for the descendants of Jacob, but I will rescue them from it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The name Jacob is a metonym for the man's descendants. This can be translated in active form. AT: "for the descendants of Jacob, but I will rescue them from it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/08.md b/jer/30/08.md index 8f4b03b7a2..c17ad992af 100644 --- a/jer/30/08.md +++ b/jer/30/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak to the Israelites. -## that I will break the yoke off your neck, and I will shatter your chains ## +# I will break the yoke off your neck, and I will shatter your chains -Both of these clauses refer to Yahweh freeing he people of Israel from slavery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Being a slave is spoken of as wearing a yoke like an animal and wearing chains like a prisoner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they will worship Yahweh ## +# they will worship Yahweh their God ... their king ... over them -The word "they" refers to the descendants of Jacob. AT: "you will worship Yahweh." +Yahweh continues speaking about the descendants of Jacob. AT: "you will worship Yahweh your God ... your king ... over you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## serve David their king ## +# David their king -This refers to one of David's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a metonym for one of David's descendants. AT: "a man descended from their King David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/10.md b/jer/30/10.md index 9bbcace254..3b475f1a5f 100644 --- a/jer/30/10.md +++ b/jer/30/10.md @@ -1,41 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## my servant Jacob, do not fear ... and do not be dismayed, Israel ## +# my servant Jacob ... Israel -These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"Jacob" and "Israel" are the two names of the ancestor of the Israelites, and these names are metonyms for the Israelites. AT: "descendants of Jacob ... you Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and do not be dismayed ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -"and do not worry" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## For see ## +# do not be dismayed -"Listen carefully" +"do not be discouraged" -## I am about to bring you back from far away, and your descendants from the land of captivity ## +# For see, I am -These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"Listen carefully while I tell you why: I am" -## from the land of captivity ## +# from the land of captivity -"from the place where you were captives" +The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated using the noun "captive." AT: "from the place where they were captives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Jacob will return ## +# Jacob will return ... he will be secure -AT: "the people will return to their own land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jacob's name is a metonym for his descendants. Yahweh speaks to Jacob as if he were speaking to another person. You may need to make explicit to where Jacob will return. AT: "Jacob will return to his own land ... he will be secure" or "The descendants of Jacob will return ... they will be secure" or "You descendants of Jacob will return ... you will be secure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he will be secure ## +# secure -"the people will be safe" +"safe" -## where I have scattered you ## +# where I have scattered you "where I have sent you" -## But I will certainly not put an end to you ## +# But I will certainly not put an end to you -AT: "But I will not completely destroy you" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"But I will not completely destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## and will certainly not leave you unpunished ## +# will certainly not leave you unpunished -AT: "and will certainly punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "will certainly punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/12.md b/jer/30/12.md index eeb1cc30be..ae08c16edd 100644 --- a/jer/30/12.md +++ b/jer/30/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Jeremiah is speaking Yahweh's message to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## Your injury is incurable...for your wound to heal you ## +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -This means that Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one that can help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Your injury is incurable; your wound is infected ... no remedy for your wound -## There is no one to plead your case ## +This means that Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "There is no one who asks me to show you mercy" \ No newline at end of file +# There is no one to plead your case + +"There is no one who asks me to show you mercy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/14.md b/jer/30/14.md index 148edf8b2d..67c76c55a9 100644 --- a/jer/30/14.md +++ b/jer/30/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## All of your lovers ## +# All of your lovers Yahweh describes the people of Israel as an unfaithful wife who takes lovers other than her husband. Here "lovers" refers to other nations. The Israelites allied with them and worshiped their gods instead of relying on Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They will not look for you ## +# They will not look for you "They no longer want to be your friends" -## I have wounded you with the wound of an enemy ## +# I have wounded you with the wound of an enemy -This means Yahweh has treated his people like he would his enemy. +Yahweh has treated his people like he would treat his enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Why do you call for help for your injury? ## +# the discipline of a cruel master -Yahweh asked a question here to make the people think about why they are asking him for help now. AT: "Do not call for help for your injury." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh has treated his people like a cruel master would treat a rebellious slave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your innumerable sins ## +# Why do you call for help for your injury? -"your sins which are too many to count " \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh asks a question here to make the people think about why they are asking him for help now. AT: "You are calling for help for your injury because you have disobeyed me." or "Do not call for help for your injury." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your innumerable sins + +"your sins, which are too many to count" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/16.md b/jer/30/16.md index 0ce3762be1..daf8446835 100644 --- a/jer/30/16.md +++ b/jer/30/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## So everyone who consumes you will be consumed, and all of your adversaries will go into captivity ## +# So everyone who consumes you will be consumed -These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) AT: "All the nations that have made you slaves will be made slaves." +Destroying the nation is spoken of as consuming or eating it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "So those who destroy you, their enemies will destroy them" or "So I will destroy everyone who destroys you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## So everyone who consumes you will be consumed ## +# have plundered ... plunder -AT: "So those who destroy you, their enemies will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +To plunder is to steal from peaceful people using violence, and plunder is what people steal. -## For the ones who have plundered you will become plunder, and I will make all of the ones despoiling you a spoil. ## +# despoiling ... spoil -These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) AT: "I will cause the enemies of those who have stolen things from you in war to steal steal things from them" +To despoil here is to take items from an enemy one has defeated, and the items one takes are the spoil. -## they called you “Outcast ## +# healing ... wounds -An outcast is a person whom other people do not accept or allow him to associate with them. AT: "they called you 'Rejected' or "they said 'nobody wants you' " +See how you translated these words in [Jeremiah 30:12](./12.md). -## No one cares for this Zion ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -AT: "No one cares about the people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# they called you: Outcast + +An outcast is a person whom other people do not accept or allow to associate with them. AT: "they called you: Rejected" or "they said, 'Nobody wants you'" + +# No one cares for this Zion + +The place name "Zion" is a metonym for the people who live in Zion. AT: "No one cares about the people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/18.md b/jer/30/18.md index 62e8ae40c2..d3a387a963 100644 --- a/jer/30/18.md +++ b/jer/30/18.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## See ## +# See "Listen carefully" -## I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob's tents and have compassion on his homes ## +# I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob's tents and have compassion on his homes -AT: "I am about to cause the descendants of Jacob to prosper and I will have compassion on them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The places where people live are metonyms for the people who live in those places. AT: "I am about bring back the fortunes of the descendants of Jacob, and I will have compassion on them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Then a city will be built on the heap of ruins ## +# I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob's tents -AT: "Then they will rebuild Jerusalem on its ruins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"I will cause things to go well for the people in Jacob's tents again" or "I will cause the people in Jacob's tents to live well again." See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). -## Then a song of praise and a sound of merriment will go out from them ## +# Then a city will be built on the heap of ruins + +This can be translated in active form. You may need to make explicit that the city they will build will be Jerusalem. AT: "Then they will rebuild Jerusalem on its ruins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then a song of praise and a sound of merriment will go out from them "Then they will sing songs of praise and joy" -## for I will increase them and not diminish them ## +# for I will increase them and not diminish them -Both of these phrases mean God will cause the number of Israelites to increase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"I will cause them to increase in number, not to become fewer" -## I will honor them so they will not be humbled ## +# so they will not be humbled -AT: "I will bless them and cause other people to honor them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "so that no one will humble them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/20.md b/jer/30/20.md index 339f886fa5..ae328d1989 100644 --- a/jer/30/20.md +++ b/jer/30/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking. +# General Information: -## their assembly will be established before me ## +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -AT: "I will establish them as a people before me" +# their assembly will be established before me -## Their leader will come from among them. He will emerge from their midst ## +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will establish them as a people before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) AT: "Their leader will be chosen from the people." +# who would dare come close to me? -## who would dare to come close to me? ## +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that no one would have the courage to approach him unless Yahweh invited the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that no one would have the courage to approach him unless Yahweh invited the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translates this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/23.md b/jer/30/23.md index 3e50ef7d56..84fcb3ef18 100644 --- a/jer/30/23.md +++ b/jer/30/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## See, the tempest of Yahweh, his fury has gone out...of the wicked people ## +# See, the tempest of Yahweh, his fury, has gone out -This compares God's anger and punishment to a storm. This emphasizes his power and ability to destroy wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of God's anger and punishment as if it were a storm. This emphasizes his power and ability to destroy wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his heart's intentions + +The abstract noun "intentions" can be translated using the verb "intends." The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "what he intends to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/30/intro.md b/jer/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bd0acc2cb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Jeremiah 30 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:4-24, which are an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God promises restoration ##### + +Despite the prophesied punishment in this chapter, Yahweh promises to restore Judah. In addition to this, he also declares that he will ultimately restore Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +The author uses the term "Israel" in two different ways. He uses it in reference to the nation of Israel. He also uses it in reference to the people who used to inhabit the northern kingdom of Israel, namely the people group of Israel. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/01.md b/jer/31/01.md index 67ce19bb3b..7edf80ff63 100644 --- a/jer/31/01.md +++ b/jer/31/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## At that time ## +# General Information: + +Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# At that time This refers to the time when God punishes the wicked. -## this is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Yahweh appeared to me ## +# The people who have survived the sword have found favor in the wilderness -Here "me" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "found favor" is an idiom. AT: "While the people who have survived the sword have been in the wilderness, I have had grace on them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who have survived the sword + +The word "sword" is a metonym for war. AT: "who have survived the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wilderness; I will go out to give rest to Israel + +Another possible meaning is "wilderness, where Israel went out to find rest." + +# Yahweh appeared to me + +Jeremiah speaks of himself as if he were the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have drawn you toward myself with covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "faithfully." AT: "I have been faithful to my covenant and brought you near to me" or "I have faithfully loved you and brought you near to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/04.md b/jer/31/04.md index 11243139e0..727a229086 100644 --- a/jer/31/04.md +++ b/jer/31/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## I will build you up again so you will be built ## +# I will build you up again so you will be built -AT: "I will make you strong again" or "I will make you prosper again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh purposefully repeats the idea that he will build Israel to emphasize it. If your language can only use active verbs and has some other way to emphasize the idea, you may want to use it here. AT: "I will build you up again. Remember this: I will build you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## virgin Israel ## +# virgin Israel -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:13](../18/13.md). +It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. However, "virgin" makes a person think about a young woman who has never married and so has never had the opportunity to be faithless to her husband. Therefore, calling Israel a virgin is an ironic use of language. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:13](../18/13.md). AT: "Israel, who falsely pretends to be fully devoted to me" or "my faithless people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## tambourine ## +# tambourines -a small musical instrument that a person shakes or hits with their hand used when people danced for joy \ No newline at end of file +musical instruments with heads like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/07.md b/jer/31/07.md index 288d3a271e..bfe23fcf78 100644 --- a/jer/31/07.md +++ b/jer/31/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Let praise be heard ## +# Shout ... Shout ... Let praise be heard ... Say -AT: "Let everyone hear your praises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Yahweh is speaking in an apostrophe to all people of the world, so these verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## the remnant of Israel ## +# the chief people of the nations -"the people still alive" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"the most important people group of all the nations" or "the people group that is more important than any other" + +# Let praise be heard + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Cause everyone to hear your praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/08.md b/jer/31/08.md index 360761a607..7140d304cc 100644 --- a/jer/31/08.md +++ b/jer/31/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking. +# General Information: -## See ## +Yahweh continues speaking about how he will bring the Israelite people back from being captives in Babylon. -"listen" or "pay attention" +# See -## to bring them ## +"Listen" or "Pay attention" -Here "them" refers to the Israelite people. +# to bring them -## I will be a father to Israel, and Ephraim will be my firstborn ## +"to bring the Israelite people" + +# I will lead them as they make their pleas + +Yahweh will lead them and they will be praying to Yahweh. Some ancient versions read, "Yahweh will lead them and will comfort them." + +# I will be a father to Israel, and Ephraim will be my firstborn Here "Ephraim" is another name for "Israel." AT: "I will be like a father to the people of Israel, and they will be like my firstborn child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## my firstborn ## +# my firstborn -The first born had special honor and responsibility. \ No newline at end of file +The firstborn had special honor and responsibility. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/10.md b/jer/31/10.md index 3b97365559..0a6858b265 100644 --- a/jer/31/10.md +++ b/jer/31/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## The one who scattered Israel is gathering her up ## +# General Information: -AT: "I caused my people to be scattered among the nations, but now I am bringing them home." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Yahweh continues speaking about how he will bring the Israelite people back from being captives in Babylon. -## as a shepherd keeps his sheep ## +# Hear ... Report -This means God cares for and protects his people as a shepherd does his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh is speaking to the nations, so these verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## For Yahweh has ransomed Jacob and has redeemed him from the hand that was too strong for him ## +# The one who scattered Israel is gathering her up and keeping her -Here "ransomed" and "redeemed" mean basically the same thing. AT: "For Yahweh will rescue the people of Israel from their enemy who was too strong for them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were someone else, and he speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a helpless woman. AT: "I caused my people Israel to be scattered among the nations, but now I am bringing them home and keeping them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as a shepherd keeps his sheep + +A shepherd cares for and protects his sheep, and Yahweh is promising to care for and protect the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# For Yahweh has ransomed Jacob and has redeemed him from the hand that was too strong for him + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that it is Yahweh who has rescued the people of Israel. AT: "For Yahweh has rescued the people of Israel from their enemy who was too strong for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/12.md b/jer/31/12.md index 24be799599..b34de15723 100644 --- a/jer/31/12.md +++ b/jer/31/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## like a watered garden ## +# on the heights of Zion + +"on Zion, the high place" or "on Mount Zion." Being on top of a hill is a metaphor for being happy. If your language associates mountain tops with sadness, it would be best to leave out the metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like a watered garden This means they will be strong and healthy, and they will prosper. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## they will never again feel any more sorrow ## +# they will never again feel any more sorrow -This is an exaggeration of the joy Israel will have. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +The world "never" is a generalization. The Israelites will almost always feel joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/13.md b/jer/31/13.md index f3145ff0e1..2a353aa192 100644 --- a/jer/31/13.md +++ b/jer/31/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## I will change ## +# I will change their mourning into celebration -Here "I" refers to Yahweh. +The abstract nouns "mourning" and "celebration" can be translated as verbs. AT: "I will cause them to mourn no longer but instead to celebrate" or "I will make it so they are no longer sad but happy" -## My people will fill themselves with my goodness ## +# I will change -"My goodness will satisfy my people" \ No newline at end of file +"Yahweh will change" + +# I will saturate the lives of the priests in abundance + +The abstract noun "abundance" can be translated as "many good things." The lives of the priests are spoken of as if they were a field that would become completely wet when much rain falls on it. Life is a metonym for the person. AT: "I will give the priests all the good things they would like" or "I will satisfy the priests with good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# My people will fill themselves with my goodness + +"My goodness will satisfy my people" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/15.md b/jer/31/15.md index 48c2f470e6..73a8dae271 100644 --- a/jer/31/15.md +++ b/jer/31/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## A voice is heard in Ramah ## +# A voice is heard in Ramah -AT: "I hear a voice in Ramah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I hear a voice in Ramah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## It is Rachel weeping for her children ## +# It is Rachel weeping for her children -Here "Rachael" refers to the women of Israel who are crying over their children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Rachel was the wife of Jacob/Israel and was the mother of the tribes of Joseph and Benjamin. Her name is a metonym for the women of Israel who are crying because the Babylonians have killed their children or taken them away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## She refuses to be comforted over them, for they live no longer ## +# She refuses to be comforted over them, for they live no longer -AT: "She will not let anyone comfort her, for her children are dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "She will not let anyone comfort her, for her children are dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/16.md b/jer/31/16.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c54da04ec3 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/31/16.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Hold your voice back from weeping and your eyes from tears + +The voice and eyes are spoken of as if they were people whom Rachel needed to keep from moving. AT: "Stop weeping aloud and stop crying tears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Hold your voice ... your eyes ... your work ... your children ... your future ... your descendants + +Yahweh is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to Rachel ([Jeremiah 31:15](./15.md)), so all instances of "your" and the commands are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +In both instances of this phrase, Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/18.md b/jer/31/18.md index 8dfb2f745c..f99201d86c 100644 --- a/jer/31/18.md +++ b/jer/31/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## You punished me, and I have been punished ## +# I have certainly heard Ephraim sorrowing -You punished me. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Ephraim was the ancestor of the largest tribe in Israel. His name is a metonym for the people of Israel. AT: "I have certainly heard the descendants of Ephraim sorrowing" or "I have certainly heard the people of Israel sorrowing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Bring me back like an untrained calf ## +# You punished me, and I have been punished -Ephraim is asking for God to make him teachable as an untrained calf. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The speaker repeats the phrase to show either that Yahweh punished him severely or that Ephraim learned what Yahweh wanted to teach him through punishing him. The words "I have been punished" can be translated in active form. AT: "You punished me. Yes, you punished me severely" or "You punished me, and I learned from you when you punished me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## after I turned back to you, I was sorry; after I was trained, I slapped my thigh in grief. I was ashamed and humiliated ## +# I have been punished like an untrained calf -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +When people train calves, they strike them and otherwise cause them to suffer. Yahweh had caused the people of Israel to suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Is not Ephraim my precious child? Is he not my dear, delightful son?​ ## +# punished -AT: "Ephraim is my precious child. He is my dear, delightful son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Another possible meaning is "disciplined." + +# I slapped my thigh + +in grief. If people use a different phrase or action in your language to show that they are very sad, you may want to use it here. AT: "I rubbed my brow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# I was ashamed and humiliated + +The words "ashamed" and "humiliated" mean basically the same thing and intensify the idea of shame. AT: "I was completely ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Is not Ephraim my precious child? Is he not my dear, delightful son? + +Yahweh is speaking tenderly, trying to comfort the people. These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "Ephraim is my precious child. He is my dear, delightful son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/21.md b/jer/31/21.md index 329738f769..d6e3cb1d13 100644 --- a/jer/31/21.md +++ b/jer/31/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + God continues to speak from verse 7. -## Place road signs ... Set up guideposts ... Set your mind ... Come back ## +# Place road signs for yourself ... Set up guideposts for yourself ... Set your mind ... you should take ... Come back -These commands are given to "virgin Israel." +These commands and instances of "yourself" and "your" and "you" are addressed to "virgin Israel" and so are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## Set your mind on the right path, the way you should take. ## +# Come back, virgin Israel! -AT: "Try hard to remember the way you came when you were taken into captivity."(See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +God is referring to a changed Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Come back, virgin Israel! ## +# How long will you waver, faithless daughter? -God is referring to a changed Israel. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh is telling his people that he is becoming impatient with them because they are not obeying him. AT: "Do not hesitate to start obeying me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## How long will you continue to waver, faithless daughter? ## +# waver -God is asking how long His people will disobey Him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) AT: "Do not hesitate to start obeying me" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) be unable to decide what to do or 2) often go off the correct path, a metaphor for disobeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# new on earth—a woman surrounds a strong man + +Possible meanings are 1) the people will be so safe that women will not need anyone to protect them or 2) this is an idiom for something no one would ever expect. AT: "new on earth—something as strange as a woman protecting a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/23.md b/jer/31/23.md index 9c0c43dadb..ff0395221b 100644 --- a/jer/31/23.md +++ b/jer/31/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## the people ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -Here this refers to the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## May Yahweh bless you, you righteous place where he lives, you holy mountain. ## +# the people -Jerusalem is on the top of a hill, and the temple was built at the highest point in Jerusalem. AT; "May Yahweh bless those who live in Jerusalem with Yahweh, where his temple is." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here this refers to the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# May Yahweh bless you, you righteous place where he lives, you holy mountain + +Jerusalem is on the top of a hill, and the temple was built at the highest point in Jerusalem. AT; "May Yahweh bless those who live in Jerusalem with Yahweh, where his temple is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you holy mountain + +Mount Zion, where the temple had stood + +# Judah and all his cities will live together there + +The name of the man Judah is a metonym for his descendants, the people of the tribe of Judah, and the cities of Judah are spoken of as if they were the family of the man Judah, all of them living "there," in the land of Judah. AT: "it will be as if the land were a house in which Judah lived with his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as will farmers and shepherds with their flocks + +"and farmers and shepherds with their flocks will also live there" + +# had been refreshing + +"had refreshed me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/27.md b/jer/31/27.md index a59a40811b..dfd841cd12 100644 --- a/jer/31/27.md +++ b/jer/31/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## I will sow the houses of Israel and Judah with the descendants of man and beast ## +# Look -AT: "I will increase man and beast like a farmer plants crops" or "I will increase the populations of both people and animals in the kingdoms of Israel and Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Pay attention" or "Listen" -## I kept them under surveillance in order to uproot them ## +# days are coming ... when I will sow -AT: "looked for ways to uproot them" +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md). AT: "in the future ... I will sow" or "there will be a time ... when I will sow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## uproot ... tear ... down ... destroy ... overthrow ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated these ideas in [Jeremiah 1:9](../01/09.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will sow the houses of Israel and Judah with the descendants of man and beast + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the people of Israel and the people of Judah. The house in turn is spoken of as if it were a field in which Yahweh would sow seed, and the people and the animals they raise for food, milk, and skins are spoken of as if they are that seed. AT: "I will cause the people of Israel and Judah to become many people with many animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I kept them under surveillance in order to uproot them + +"looked for ways to uproot them" + +# uproot ... tear them down ... overthrow ... destroy + +See how you translated these ideas in [Jeremiah 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# in order to build them up and to plant them + +Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a house or a food crop. AT: "in order to make them strong and many" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/29.md b/jer/31/29.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..273ec468ac --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/31/29.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Fathers have eaten sour grapes, but the children's teeth are dulled + +These words are a proverb that Jeremiah heard people say when they were complaining that Yahweh was punishing children for the sins of their fathers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# sour grapes + +Possible meanings are 1) grapes with too much acid in them or 2) grapes that are not ripe. If grapes are not part of your culture, you may want to use a general word for fruit. + +# teeth are dulled + +Use the common words in your language for how people's mouths feel when they eat sour or unripe fruit. + +# For each man will die in his own iniquity + +"For each man will die because of his own sins" + +# everyone who eats sour grapes, his teeth will be dulled + +Jeremiah restates the proverb so that it now means people will suffer as a consequence of their own behaviors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/31.md b/jer/31/31.md index 802a009c56..f18aa843eb 100644 --- a/jer/31/31.md +++ b/jer/31/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Look ## +# Look -"Listen" or "pay attention to what I am going to tell you." +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am going to tell you" -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## +# days are coming ... when I will establish -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md). AT: "in the future ... I will establish" or "there will be a time ... when I will establish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I took them by their hand + +as a loving husband would hold the hand of his wife as they walk (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/33.md b/jer/31/33.md index 5933fa27d4..c1fdab727f 100644 --- a/jer/31/33.md +++ b/jer/31/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## I will place my law within them and will write it on their heart ## +# the house of Israel -These two phrases have similar meaning and are combined for emphasis. Here "heart" represents "emotions" or "mind." AT: "My law will be part of their thoughts and emotions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## from the smallest of them to the greatest ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -The words “smallest" and "greatest” used together refer to all people.(See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will place my law within them and will write it on their heart + +These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh's law will become a part of them, rather than merely written on stone. Here "heart" represents "emotions" or "mind." AT: "My law will be part of their thoughts and emotions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the smallest of them to the greatest + +This phrase refers to every person, from the least important to the most important. AT: "every single one of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/35.md b/jer/31/35.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c459f51fb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/31/35.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Only if these permanent things vanish ... will Israel's descendants ever stop from forever being a nation + +This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. AT: "These permanent things will never vanish ... and Israel's descendants will never stop from forever being a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/37.md b/jer/31/37.md index ee530f6682..b82690ce85 100644 --- a/jer/31/37.md +++ b/jer/31/37.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## the highest heavens... earth's foundation ## +# Only if the highest heavens can be measured, and only if the earth's foundation below can be discovered, will I reject all of Israel's descendants -These phrase refer to the whole of creation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. AT: "The highest heavens can never be measured, and the earth's foundation below can never be discovered, and I will never reject all of Israel's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# the highest heavens ... earth's foundation + +These phrases refer to the whole of creation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the earth's foundation below can be discovered + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone can dig all the way down to the earth's foundation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# foundation below + +"deepest part." The "foundation" is the part of a house on which every other part rests. + +# reject + +throw away or refuse to take + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/38.md b/jer/31/38.md index eff4f6917f..318dc79dd8 100644 --- a/jer/31/38.md +++ b/jer/31/38.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## Look, days are coming ## +# Look, the days are coming -AT: "Pay attention! What I am about to talk about will happen soon." +"Pay attention! What I am about to talk about will happen soon" -## Tower of Hananel ... Corner Gate ... hill of Gareb ... Goah ... Kidron Valley ... Horse Gate ## +# days are coming ... when the city will be rebuilt + +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md). AT: "in the future ... the city will be rebuilt" or "there will be a time ... when the city will be rebuilt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the city will be rebuilt for me + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they will rebuild the city for me" or "I will have them rebuild the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Tower of Hananel ... Corner Gate ... hill of Gareb ... Goah ... Kidron Valley ... Horse Gate These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## set apart ## +# The whole valley ... will be set apart for Yahweh -AT: "made holy" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "They will set apart the whole valley ... for me" or "I will have them make the whole valley ... holy for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# set apart + +"made holy" + +# The city will not be pulled up or overthrown again + +The city is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone could pull out of the ground or a building that someone could break down. This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will not allow anyone to pull up or overthrow the city again" or "No one will tear the city down or destroy it again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/31/intro.md b/jer/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c64a847aad --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Jeremiah 31 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 31:1-6, 8-22, 29, 35-37, all of which are quotations of various lengths. + +This chapter begins with a transition from the previous chapter. "At that time" is a reference to the day of restoration mentioned in [Jeremiah 30:24](../30/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The New Covenant ##### + +This chapter is an important teaching regarding the New Covenant. God will make a new covenant that will bring forgiveness of sins and a desire to obey God. Scholars disagree about whether this new covenant has begun. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Israel ##### +In this chapter, Jeremiah uses the term "Israel" in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole. He also uses it in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel and their people group. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/01.md b/jer/32/01.md index daa65ba823..010c59152c 100644 --- a/jer/32/01.md +++ b/jer/32/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## This is the word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh ## +# The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh -"This is what Yahweh said to Jeremiah" +This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:2](../01/01.md) AT: "Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah" or "Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## was imprisoned in the courtyard of the guard ## +# in the tenth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar -"They put him in the prison in the courtyard of the guard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than nine years and Nebuchadnezzar had been king for more than seventeen years" -## the courtyard of the guard at the house of the king of Judah ## +# Jeremiah the prophet was imprisoned -This was an open area attached to the king's palace. \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they were keeping Jeremiah as a prisoner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Jeremiah the prophet was imprisoned + +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the courtyard of the guard at the house of the king of Judah + +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/03.md b/jer/32/03.md index 620678dd55..7311bd4b8b 100644 --- a/jer/32/03.md +++ b/jer/32/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## Why do you prophesy and say ## +# Zedekiah king of Judah had imprisoned him + +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Zedekiah do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# had imprisoned him + +Here "him" refers to Jeremiah. It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Why do you prophesy and say Zekekiah uses a question to rebuke Jeremiah. AT: "It is wrong for you to continue prophesying and saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will capture it ## +# I am about to give over this city into the hand of the king of Babylon -Here "hand" refers to power or control. AT: "to the king of Babylon, and his army will capture it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that one person could give to another. The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. AT: "I am about to put this city under the control of the king of Babylon" or "I am about to allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for he has indeed been given ## +# he will capture it -AT: "for I have indeed given him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people would help the king of Babylon take control of the city. -## His mouth will speak to the king’s mouth, and his eyes will see the king’s eyes ## +# he will certainly be given into the hand of the king of Babylon -AT: "Zedekiah himself will see and directly speak with Nebuchadnezzar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will certainly put him under the control of the king of Babylon" or "I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## this is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# His mouth will speak to the king's mouth, and his eyes will see the king's eyes -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Here "mouth" and "eyes" represent the whole person. AT: "Zedekiah himself will see and directly speak with Nebuchadnezzar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## you fought ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# you fight Here "you" is plural and refers to the people in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/06.md b/jer/32/06.md index 9883e85eec..283570e74a 100644 --- a/jer/32/06.md +++ b/jer/32/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## The word of Yahweh came to ## +# Jeremiah said, "The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, 'Look, Hanamel son of Shallum your uncle is coming to you and will say, "Buy my field that is in Anathoth for yourself, for the right to buy it belongs to you."'" -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +You may translate this as indirect speech. AT: "Jeremiah said that the word of Yahweh had come to him and told him that Hanamel son of Shallum his uncle was coming to him and would tell him to buy his uncle's field that was in Anathoth for himself, for the right to buy it belonged to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## Hanamel...Shallum ## +# Jeremiah said -These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Anathoth ## +# The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Hanamel ... Shallum + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anathoth + +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/08.md b/jer/32/08.md index 14aa467435..c5efdf82d8 100644 --- a/jer/32/08.md +++ b/jer/32/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Jeremiah continues speaking. +# General Information: -## seventeen shekels ## +Jeremiah continues speaking, but he begins to speak of himself in first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -"17 shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the courtyard of the guard + +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](./01.md). + +# seventeen shekels + +A shekel is 11 grams. AT: "17 shekels" or "187 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/10.md b/jer/32/10.md index 2c64f6b1f5..55c8526da4 100644 --- a/jer/32/10.md +++ b/jer/32/10.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah continues speaking. -## in a scroll and sealed it, and had witnesses witness it ## +# in a scroll and sealed it, and had witnesses witness it -This refers to the deed that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm.that I had puchased this land. . +This refers to the deed that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm that Jeremiah had purchased this land. -## had witnesess witness ## +# had witnesses witness it -"had witnesses there to see that I purchased the land" +"had people watch me purchase the land so they could tell others that I had purchased the land" -## that was sealed ## +# that was sealed -AT: "that I sealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that I sealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## unsealed deed ## +# unsealed deed "opened copy" or "the deed that did not have a seal on it" -## Baruch…Neriah…Mahseiah ## +# Baruch ... Neriah ... Mahseiah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the courtyard of the guard ## +# the courtyard of the guard -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +The open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/13.md b/jer/32/13.md index ab1a0519ae..8b34a9be2c 100644 --- a/jer/32/13.md +++ b/jer/32/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah continues speaking. -## before them ## +# before them Here "them" refers to Hanamel, the witnesses, and the Judeans. -## Take these scrolls with the receipt of this purchase that is sealed and this unsealed scroll ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -"Take the sealed scroll and the unsealed scroll" +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## Houses, fields, and vineyards will be purchased again in this land ## +# Houses, fields, and vineyards will again be bought in this land -AT: "The people of Israel will buy houses, vineyards and fields again in this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The people of Israel will buy houses, vineyards and fields again in this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/16.md b/jer/32/16.md index 19739eace9..a7f0dc6cf6 100644 --- a/jer/32/16.md +++ b/jer/32/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Jeremiah continues speaking. +# General Information: -## the receipt of purchase ## +Jeremiah continues speaking. He begins a long prayer, a lament with a long introduction of praise. + +# the receipt of purchase This means the sealed scroll and the unsealed scroll. -## Woe ## +# Woe "Alas" -## great strength and with your raised arm ## +# by your great strength and with your raised arm -Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "your great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The phrase "raised arm" is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the words "your great strength" and "your raised arm" form a doublet. AT: "by your great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## You show covenant faithfulness ## +# You show covenant faithfulness to thousands -"You keep your promise and show your faithful love" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "faithfully." AT: "You are faithful to your covenant towards thousands" or "You keep your promise and faithfully love thousands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## and pour the guilt of men into the laps of their children after them ## +# pour the guilt of men into the laps of their children after them -"and you punish children for the sin of their parents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "guilt" is a metonym for Yahweh punishing people because they are guilty of doing evil things. Yahweh punishing people is spoken of as if he were pouring a large container full of liquid or small objects into people's laps as they sit. AT: "you punish children for the sins of their parents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/19.md b/jer/32/19.md index 28f14307c6..9c922cb8be 100644 --- a/jer/32/19.md +++ b/jer/32/19.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -Jeremiah continues praying to Yahweh. +# General Information: -## For your eyes are open to all the ways of people ## +Jeremiah continues praying the introduction of his lament to Yahweh. -AT: "You see everything that people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# for your eyes are open to all the ways of people -## to give to each man what his conduct and deeds deserve ## +Open eyes are a metonym for what the person sees. How a person lives is spoken of as if he were walking on a path. AT: "You see everything that people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"and will reward everyone according to the things they do" +# to give to each man what his conduct and deeds deserve -## You did signs and wonders in the land of Egypt ## +The abstract nouns "conduct" and "deeds," which are similar in meaning, can be translated as verbs. AT: "and will reward everyone according to how good or evil the things they do are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# You did signs and wonders in the land of Egypt This refers to an event in the past when God used his power to free the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt. -## To this present day ## +# To this present day "To this day" -## and among all mankind ## +# among all mankind -"and among all people" +"among all people" -## you have made your name famous ## +# you have made your name famous Here "name" refers to God's reputation. AT: "you have made yourself famous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## with a strong hand, with a raised arm ## +# with a strong hand, with a raised arm -Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing and our combined for emphasis. AT: "with your great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "strong hand" is a metonym for strength, and the phrase "raised arm" is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the phrases "strong hand" and "raised arm" form a doublet. AT: "by your great strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/22.md b/jer/32/22.md index df36deb588..082c7a7ee1 100644 --- a/jer/32/22.md +++ b/jer/32/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jeremiah continues praying to Yahweh. +# General Information: -## gave them ## +Jeremiah continues praying to Yahweh. He ends the introduction to his lament ("Woe," [Jeremiah 32:17](./16.md)) with the words "took possession of it" and begins the lament with "but they did not obey." + +# gave them "gave the people of Israel" -## a land flowing with milk and honey ## +# land flowing with milk and honey -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 11:3](../11/03.md). +"land where milk and honey flow." God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 11:5](../11/03.md). AT: "land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## But they did not obey your voice ## +# But they did not obey your voice -AT: "But they did not obey what you said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The voice is a metonym for the message the speaker gives. AT: "But they did not obey what you said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/24.md b/jer/32/24.md index 419e1d0efa..62b24c1194 100644 --- a/jer/32/24.md +++ b/jer/32/24.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah continues praying to Yahweh. -## to capture it ## +# The siege mounds have reached up to the city to capture it -"so the enemy army can capture it" +The large piles of dirt and rocks that the enemy built around the city so they could stand on them and attack it are spoken of as if they were the attackers themselves reaching out to capture the city. AT: "The enemy's seige mounds are so close to the city that the enemy will be able to capture the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For because of sword ## +# because of sword -- Here sword means war or fighting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "sword" is a metonym for war, where soldiers use swords. AT: "because soldiers will attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the city has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans ## +# famine, and plague -Here "hand" means power or control. AT: "you have given Jerusalem to the Chaldean army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These abstract nouns can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "people have no food to eat, and everyone is weak from being ill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## and have witnesses witness it ## +# the city has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans -"and let other people witness it" +Here "hand" means power or control. This can be translated in active form. AT: "you have given Jerusalem to the Chaldean army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## this city is being given ## +# happening, and see, you are watching -AT: "I am giving this city" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"happening, as you can see very well" + +# have witnesses witness it + +"have people watch you purchase the land so they can tell others that you have purchased the land" + +# this city is being given + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I am giving this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/26.md b/jer/32/26.md index c685cac7ea..556245848a 100644 --- a/jer/32/26.md +++ b/jer/32/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah and said ## +# The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, -"This is what Yahweh said to Jeremiah" +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Is anything too difficult for me to do?" ## +# came to Jeremiah -Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can do anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## over into the hand of the Chaldeans ## +# Is anything too difficult for me to do? -Here "hand" refers to power or control. AT: "to the Chaldeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can do anything. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Nothing is too difficult for me to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# See, I am about to give + +"Listen carefully! I am the one who will give" + +# give this city into the hand of the Chaldeans + +Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that he could put into a person's hand. The word "hand" is a metonym for the power that the hand puts into action. AT: "put this city under the power of the Chaldeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/29.md b/jer/32/29.md index 7b5e8e28b0..968e60cb4d 100644 --- a/jer/32/29.md +++ b/jer/32/29.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah. -## in order to provoke me ## +# in order to provoke me -"which made me very angry" +"so that I would become very angry" -## doing evil before my eyes ## +# doing evil before my eyes -AT: "doing what I consider evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the metonym "eyes" represents what God sees. Possible meanings are 1) "doing what I consider evil" or 2) "doing evil knowing that I am watching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## since their youth ## +# since their youth -"from the time that they became a nation" (UDB) +A person being young is a metaphor for the people of Israel first becoming a nation. AT: "from the time they were young" or "from the time that they became a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the practices of their hands ## +# the practices of their hands -AT: "the evil things they have done" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "hands" is a metonym for the things the person does with his hands. AT: "the evil things they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/31.md b/jer/32/31.md index 24e9feced7..de11ce1795 100644 --- a/jer/32/31.md +++ b/jer/32/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah. -## For this city has been a provocation of my wrath and fury since the day that they built it. It has been that right up to this present day. ## +# this city has been a provocation of my wrath and fury since the day that they built it -The words "wrath" and "fury" mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "For the people of Jerusalem have made me very angry since the day they built their city until today." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "city" is a metonym for the people that live there. The words "wrath" and "fury" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. AT: "the people of Jerusalem have made me very angry since the day they built their city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## from before my face ## +# has been a provocation of -AT: "from my presence" or "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "provocation" can be translated as a verb. AT: "has been something that has provoked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# It has been that right up to this present day + +"They continue to make me angry even now" + +# from before my face + +The face is a metonym for the person's presence. AT: "from my presence" or "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/33.md b/jer/32/33.md index d535f55f53..63822e4f07 100644 --- a/jer/32/33.md +++ b/jer/32/33.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah. +# General Information: -## They turned their backs to me instead of their faces ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about what the people of Israel had done. -AT: "My people ignored me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# They turned their backs to me instead of their faces -## to receive correction ## +One turns one's face to someone to show that one is listening, and one's back to show that one refuses to listen. AT: "Instead of listening carefully to me, they refused to listen at all" or "They refused to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -"to learn from me" +# to receive correction -## their detestable things ## +"to learn how to act correctly" + +# their abominable idols "their idols which I hate" -## the house where my name was called ## +# the house that is called by my name -AT: "the house that belongs to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "name" represents Yahweh. This can be translated in active form. AT: "the house that belongs to me" or "the building in which they worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Valley of Ben Hinnom ## +# Valley of Ben Hinnom See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). -## something that never even was thought of in my heart ## +# It never entered my mind -AT: "something that never came up in my mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "mind" refers to Yahweh's thoughts. AT: "I never thought at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/36.md b/jer/32/36.md index 2c9437e3a2..4e11953c5c 100644 --- a/jer/32/36.md +++ b/jer/32/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## which you are saying ## +# which you are saying Here "you" is plural. Possible meanings are 1) this refers to Jeremiah and those with him, or 2) it refers to all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## It is given over into the hand of the king of Babylon ## +# It is given into the hand of the king of Babylon -Here "hand" means power or control. AT: "Yahweh has given it to the king of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "hand" means power or control. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has given it to the king of Babylon" or "Yahweh has given the king of Babylon the power to rule it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to gather them ## +# to gather them "to gather my people" -## wrath, fury, and great anger ## +# wrath, fury, and great anger -All three words mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "extreme anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +All three words mean the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. AT: "extreme anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# in security + +"where they are safe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/38.md b/jer/32/38.md index 38dfc9848c..b4c0ccd5db 100644 --- a/jer/32/38.md +++ b/jer/32/38.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## one heart and one way to honor me ## +# one heart and one way to honor me -This means there will be unity among the people of Israel and they will worship only Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The people of Israel will want to work together to honor Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## perpetual covenant ## +# an everlasting covenant -"everlasting agreement" or "eternal agreement" +"eternal agreement" -## so I will not turn from after them ## +# will not turn away from doing good -AT: "so I will always be with them" or "so I will always bless them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +"stop doing good" -## and place honor for me in their hearts ## +# I will set honor for me in their hearts -AT: "and so that they will honor me" +Honor is spoken of as if it were a solid object put in a container from which no one can remove it. AT: "I will cause them to always honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## So they will no longer turn away from following me ## +# so that they will never turn away from me -AT: "So they will always obey and worship me" \ No newline at end of file +"so that they will never stop obeying and worshiping me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/41.md b/jer/32/41.md index c8f58bda14..d585b2030c 100644 --- a/jer/32/41.md +++ b/jer/32/41.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## doing good to them ## +# doing good to them Here "them" refers to the people of Israel. -## I will faithfully plant them in this land ## +# I will faithfully plant them in this land -AT: "I will permanently settle the Israelites in this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of having his people live in the land forever as if he were planting plants in a garden. AT: "I will permanently settle the Israelites in this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## heart and being ## +# with all my heart and all my life -AT: "I will with all myself"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Together, these two phrases form an idiomatic expression that refers to a person's entire being. AT: "with all that I am" or "wholeheartedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I have brought all this great disaster on this people, so I will bring on them all the good things + +"I have caused all these bad things to happen to this people, and now I will cause the good things to happen to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/43.md b/jer/32/43.md index c0e11df3cc..6a93d85246 100644 --- a/jer/32/43.md +++ b/jer/32/43.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Then fields will be bought in this land ## +# Then fields will be bought in this land -AT: "Then people will buy fields in this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Then people will buy fields in this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you are saying ## +# you are saying Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## It has been given over into the hand of the Chaldeans ## +# It has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans -Here "hand" means power or control. AT: "Yahweh has given it to the Chaldeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "hand" is a metonym for power or control. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has given it to the Chaldeans" or "Yahweh has given the Chaldeans power over it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## write in sealed scrolls. They will assemble witnesses ## +# write in sealed scrolls. They will assemble witnesses -This refers to the deed that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm the purchase. +The "sealed scrolls" are the deeds that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm the purchase. -## For I will bring back their fortunes ## +# I will bring back their fortunes -"For I will make them prosper again" \ No newline at end of file +"I will cause things to go well for them again" or "I will cause them to live well again." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/32/intro.md b/jer/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f797ff6548 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Jeremiah 32 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +The king should have listened to the prophet Jeremiah and repented of his sin. Instead, he objected to his message. Yahweh punished him because of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Israel ##### +The term "Israel" is used exclusively in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole in this chapter. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/01.md b/jer/33/01.md index 24c9c94366..32308a0d65 100644 --- a/jer/33/01.md +++ b/jer/33/01.md @@ -1 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] + +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah a second time, while he was ... guard, saying, + +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:13](../01/13.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah a second time, while Jeremiah was ... guard. He said," or "While Jeremiah was ... guard, Yahweh spoke this second message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# came to Jeremiah + +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# who forms in order to establish + +who creates things so he can make them exist forever + +# he was still shut within + +"he was still a prisoner in" + +# the courtyard of the guard + +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/04.md b/jer/33/04.md index 96efa63e63..a2c5182f54 100644 --- a/jer/33/04.md +++ b/jer/33/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## hide my face ## +# that are torn down because of the siege ramps and the sword -This phrase shows Yahweh's displeasure with the city. AT:"I have turned away from you" or "I am not longer concerned with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) the people tore the houses down to make walls to defend against the Chaldeans. AT: "that the people have torn down to defend against the siege ramps and the sword" or 2) AT: "the houses that the Chaldeans have torn down to make siege ramps so they can make war." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the sword + +This is a metonym for people dying violently when soldiers kill with swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in my wrath and fury + +The words "wrath" and "fury" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. AT: "in my extreme wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# I hide my face + +Yahweh is represented by his "face." This phrase shows Yahweh's displeasure with the city. AT: "I have turned away from you" or "I am no longer concerned with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/06.md b/jer/33/06.md index da88bb00b8..67ad1c1604 100644 --- a/jer/33/06.md +++ b/jer/33/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## bring back the fortunes ## +# I will bring back the fortunes of Judah and Israel -AT: "bring back their prosperity" \ No newline at end of file +"I will cause things to go well for Judah and Israel again" or "I will cause Judah and Israel to live well again." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). + +# this city ... do for it ... give to it + +The city is a metonym for the people who live in the city. AT: "the people who live in this city ... do for the people who live there ... give to the people who live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a song of praise and honor for all the nations of the earth + +The word "song" is a metonym for the object about which people will sing the song. AT: "something about which all the people groups of the earth will sing songs of praise and honor to me, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will fear and tremble + +The hendiadys "fear and tremble" can be translated by a single verb. AT: "they will tremble with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# fear + +Another possible meaning is "awe." + +# because of all the good things and the peace that I will give to it + +The abstract noun "peace" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "because of all the good things that I will give to it and because I will cause it to be peaceful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/10.md b/jer/33/10.md index e73f9fa7df..7049faea8f 100644 --- a/jer/33/10.md +++ b/jer/33/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## There is neither man nor beast in the cities of Judah, and the streets of Jerusalem are uninhabited, with neither man nor beast ## +# It is desolate, a place with neither man nor beast," in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem that are desolate having neither man nor beast -Yahweh is using two similar thoughts to indicate there are no people in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Judah has become desolate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## my house ## +# the house of Yahweh -the temple in Jerusalem (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +the temple in Jerusalem -## fortunes ## +# I will restore the fortunes of the land -AT: "prosperity" \ No newline at end of file +The word "land" is a metonym for the people who live on the land. AT: "I will again cause things to go well for the people who live on the land" or "I will cause the people who live on the land to live well again." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to what they were before + +This refers to the time before the exile to Babylon. This can be made explicit. AT: "to what they were before I sent the Israelites into exile in Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/12.md b/jer/33/12.md index f5c113c1c9..7baba6082c 100644 --- a/jer/33/12.md +++ b/jer/33/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## grazing place ## +# Yahweh of hosts says this -AT: "fields to feed their flocks" \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# the flocks will again pass under the hands of the ones counting them + +This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his hand. AT: "shepherds will again count their sheep as the sheep walk by" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/14.md b/jer/33/14.md index 7960703628..abc91989ff 100644 --- a/jer/33/14.md +++ b/jer/33/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,47 @@ -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## +# Look -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +"Listen carefully" -## In those days and in that time ## +# Days are coming ... when I will do -"It will be at that time that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Future time is spoken of as if the "Days are coming." See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md). AT: "In the future ... I will do" or "There will be a time ... when I will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## righteous branch to grow for David ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -righteous male descendant of David. AT: "a righteous man will come from the line of David like a branch grows from a tree." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## the land ## +# the house of Israel -the nation of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# In those days and in that time + +The phrase "in that time" means the same thing as, and intensifies the phrase "In those days." AT: "In those very days" or "At that very time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# I will make a righteous branch to grow for David + +Yahweh speaks of a descendant of David as if he were a branch off of a tree trunk. AT: "I will cause a righteous man to come from and bring glory to the line of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land + +the nation of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Judah ... Jerusalem + +These towns' names are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. AT: "the people of Judah ... the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Judah will be saved + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will save Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Jerusalem will live in security + +"the people of Judah will be safe from their enemies" + +# this is what she will be called + +Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the town were a woman. This can be translated in active form. AT: "this is what they will call her" or "this is what I will call the town" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/17.md b/jer/33/17.md index c50cfa3b40..8386b53cfb 100644 --- a/jer/33/17.md +++ b/jer/33/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## a man from David's line ## +# A man from David's line will never be lacking -AT: "a male descendant of king David" \ No newline at end of file +"There will always be a man from David's line" + +# A man from David's line + +a male descendant of King David + +# to sit on the throne of the house of Israel + +The throne is a metonym for the king. AT: "to be king over the house of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/17.md). AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# nor will a man from the Levitical priests be lacking before me to raise burnt offerings + +"and there will always be a man from the Levitical priests to raise burnt offerings" + +# raise burnt offerings + +"offer burnt offerings" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/19.md b/jer/33/19.md index 92f24493c1..bb9cd28ccf 100644 --- a/jer/33/19.md +++ b/jer/33/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## The word of Yahweh came to ## +# The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## to sit on his throne ## +# to Jeremiah -"to rule the kingdom given to him", (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## As the hosts of heaven cannot be counted, and as the sand of the seashores cannot be measured, it is like that I will increase the descendants of David my servant and the Levites who serve me ## +# my covenant with day and night ... my covenant with David my servant -These two statements are saying essentially the same thing and used together for emphasis. AT: "As no one can count the stars in the sky and sand on the seashore, in the same way no one will be able to count the descendants of David and Levi who serve Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +No one can change day and night, and no one can change God's covenant with David. + +# to sit on his throne + +The throne is a metonym for the king who sits on the throne. AT: "to rule the kingdom I have given to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# As the hosts of heaven cannot be counted, and as the sand of the seashores cannot be measured, so I will increase the descendants of David my servant and the Levites who serve before me + +No one can count the stars in the sky or the sand on the seashore, and no one will be able to count the descendants of David and Levi who serve Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/23.md b/jer/33/23.md index 8f1b4b35a0..7e44db640a 100644 --- a/jer/33/23.md +++ b/jer/33/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## The word of Yahweh came to ## +# The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Have you not considered what this people has declared when they said, ‘The two clans that Yahweh chose, now he has rejected them’? ## +# to Jeremiah -This question is asked for emphasis. AT: "You should have noticed that people are saying that I rejected the two clans I have chosen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Have you not considered what this people has declared when they said, 'The ... them'? + +Yahweh wants Jeremiah to think deeply about what the people have said. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should have noticed what this people are really saying when they said, 'The ... them.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# In this way they despise my people, saying ... sight + +"What they are really saying is that my people are worthless and that my people will never again be a nation." + +# my people ... are no longer a nation in their sight + +Sight is a metonym for thinking. AT: "they no longer think of my people as a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/25.md b/jer/33/25.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8f5bec801a --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/33/25.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# If I have not established ... and if I have not fixed ... then I will reject ... and not bring + +This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to be true. AT: "I have established ... and I have fixed ... so I will never reject ... and I will bring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# I will restore their fortunes + +"I will cause things to go well for them again" or "I will cause them to live well again" See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). + +# show mercy to + +Translate as "have compassion on" is translated in ([Jeremiah 30:18](../30/18.md)). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/33/intro.md b/jer/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..659c9bbfaf --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Jeremiah 33 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Covenant faithfulness ##### +Despite the great punishment Judah is facing and Israel has undergone, there is hope. This hope is based in the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh. Ultimately, he will restore his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/01.md b/jer/34/01.md index a8fc97e954..6e0d7f8f48 100644 --- a/jer/34/01.md +++ b/jer/34/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## the word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh ## +# The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, when Nebuchadnezzar ... her cities, saying: -AT: "Yahweh spoke his word to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] +This idiom "The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah when Nebuchadnezzar ... her cities. He said," or "When Nebuchadnezzar ... her cities, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## waging war ## +# to Jeremiah -AT: "fighting against" +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name in this chapter. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## and all of her cities ## +# waging war -This refers to all the surrounding towns around Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"fighting" -## to give this city over ## +# all of her cities -Translate this the same way you translated in [Jeremiah 32:26](../32/26.md) +This refers to all the towns around Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## into the hand of the king of Babylon ## +# to give this city -Here "hand" refers to to control. AT: into the control of the king of Babylon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:28](../32/26.md) -## escape from his hand ## +# into the hand of the king of Babylon -"escape from his control" +Here the word "hand" is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. AT: "under the control of the king of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your eyes will look at the eyes of the king of Babylon; he will speak directly to you as you go to Babylon ## +# You will not escape from his hand -AT: "You will see the king of Babylon with your own eyes; you will speak face to face with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hand" is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. AT: "You will not escape from his control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will certainly be seized and given + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the Babylonians will certainly seize you and give you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/04.md b/jer/34/04.md index 7e6a819914..b8f7a87956 100644 --- a/jer/34/04.md +++ b/jer/34/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## You will not die by the sword. You will die in peace ## +# You will not die by the sword. -AT: "You will not die in battle, but will die peacefully.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "sword" is a metonym for dying in war. AT: "You will not die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## +# the funeral burning of your ancestors -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +The people would burn spices in honor of people who had recently died. They did not burn the dead people's bodies. + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/06.md b/jer/34/06.md index 647d62df09..cf37f17f0b 100644 --- a/jer/34/06.md +++ b/jer/34/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Lachish and Azekah ## +# Lachish and Azekah These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## These cities of Judah remained as fortified cities ## +# These cities of Judah remained as fortified cities -AT: "the only fortified cities of Judah not yet captured" \ No newline at end of file +"the only fortified cities of Judah that the Babylonians had not yet captured" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/08.md b/jer/34/08.md index 95112fc3f0..3b891f369f 100644 --- a/jer/34/08.md +++ b/jer/34/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## This is the word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh ## +# The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh -After this phrase, the reader will of course expct to see the content of the message from Yahweh. However, the actual message does not begin until [Jeremiah 34:12](./12.md). For this reason, the translator may choose to omit this phrase here, and to follow the example of the UDB. +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. However, the actual message does not begin until [Jeremiah 34:12](./12.md). See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah" or "Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## word ## +# word -"message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"message" -## No one should enslave a fellow Israelite in Judah any longer ## +# after King Zedekiah had made a covenant ... his brother -AT: "No one should enslave another member of the nation of Israel anymore" \ No newline at end of file +These words all provide background information to events that will be described later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/10.md b/jer/34/10.md index c8f42b0484..0be47bc239 100644 --- a/jer/34/10.md +++ b/jer/34/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## They listened and sent them away ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "They listened and freed them" - -## compelled ## - -AT:"forced" \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah continues giving the background information that began in [Jeremiah 34:8](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/12.md b/jer/34/12.md index 1ab8a09b71..98eca2eb92 100644 --- a/jer/34/12.md +++ b/jer/34/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## the word of Yahweh came to ## +# Connecting Statement: -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +Jeremiah resumes the story from [Jeremiah 34:8](./08.md) after the background information of [Jeremiah 34:8](./08.md)-[Jeremiah 11](./10.md). -## each man must send away his brother, his fellow Hebrew who had sold himself to you and served you ## +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, -AT: "each of you must free any fellow Hebrews who sold themselves to you and have have been your slaves" +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Send him away in freedom ## +# house of slavery -AT: "You must let them be free from serving you" +This is an idiom. "place where you were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## did not listen to me and or pay attention ## +# each man must send away his brother, his fellow Hebrew who had sold himself to you and served you -Both these phrase are saying basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"each of you must free any fellow Hebrews who sold themselves to you and have been your slaves" + +# Send him away in freedom + +"You must let them be free from serving you" + +# did not ... incline their ears to me + +To incline the ear, to lean the head toward the speaker so as to hear better, is a metonym for paying attention to what the speaker is saying. AT: "did not ... pay attention to what I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/15.md b/jer/34/15.md index 63469491eb..83e36c4f6f 100644 --- a/jer/34/15.md +++ b/jer/34/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## right in my eyes ## +# Now you yourselves repented -"correct" or "acceptable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the word "now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## turned and polluted my name ## +# right in my eyes -AT: "stopped doing what was right and did evil things that have made people think that I am evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Eyes" here is a metonym for someone's opinion or idea. AT: "what I consider to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house that is called by my name + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the house that belongs to me" or "the building in which they worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# turned and polluted my name + +A person's name is a metonym for what people think of him. AT: "stopped doing what was right and did evil things that have made people think that I am evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/17.md b/jer/34/17.md index 9f10169ebe..73443ddf58 100644 --- a/jer/34/17.md +++ b/jer/34/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## So look I am about to proclaim freedom to you"..."freedom for the sword, the plague, and famine ## +# So look! -AT: "So because you have not obeyed me, I will allow you to be punished by the sword, the plague, and famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +"Listen!" or "Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you!" -## look ## +# I am about to proclaim freedom to you ... freedom for the sword, the plague, and famine -"Listen" or "Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you." +Jeremiah uses irony to say that the "freedom" the people will enjoy will actually be suffering. AT: "I will proclaim misery to you ... misery from the sword, the plague, and famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## established before me ## +# proclaim freedom to you -AT: "agreed to with me" \ No newline at end of file +"proclaim that you are free" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# sword + +This is a metonym for soldiers who carry swords. AT: "enemy soldiers to kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# am going to make you a horrible thing in the sight of every kingdom on earth + +Here "sight" represents judgment or evaluation. The word "kingdom" is a metonym for the people who live in the kingdom. AT: "I am going to make the people in every kingdom on earth think that you are horrible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when they cut a bull ... walked ... walked between the parts of the bull + +This passage describes how the people established the covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# established before me + +"agreed to with me" or "established while I was watching" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/20.md b/jer/34/20.md index 4eb248c535..9f57b31674 100644 --- a/jer/34/20.md +++ b/jer/34/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## seeking their lives ## +# I will give them into the hand of their enemies -AT: "seeking to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +# seeking their lives -## risen up ## +This is a polite way to say that they wanted to kill them. AT: "seeking to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# into the hand of their enemies + +Here the word "hands" represents control. AT: "to be conquered by their enemies" or "over to the control of their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# risen up "come to fight" -## and will bring them back ## +# bring them -Here "them" refers to the armies of the nation of Babylon. AT: "and will bring the Babylonian army back" \ No newline at end of file +bring the Babylonian armies \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/34/intro.md b/jer/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..72bf2a5e85 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Jeremiah 34 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Law of Moses ##### +According to the law of Moses, the people were required to free their indebted slaves after a period of time. The king led them in freeing their fellow Israelites whom they held as slaves, but later they changed their minds and enslaved them again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Actions with cultural meaning ##### + +When the people of Israel made a sacred promise to God, they cut a calf in two and passed between its parts. It was a very serious sin not to do what one had promised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/01.md b/jer/35/01.md index c62a10f33c..6a11b9f1a6 100644 --- a/jer/35/01.md +++ b/jer/35/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Rechabites ## +# The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh in the days ... of Judah, saying, -This is a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The idiom "The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in the days ... of Judah. He said," or "In the days ... of Judah, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## my house ## +# to Jeremiah -This phrase refers to the temple of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Rekabites + +This is a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# my house + +the temple \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/03.md b/jer/35/03.md index 22202a364b..71f6b58fd3 100644 --- a/jer/35/03.md +++ b/jer/35/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Jaazaniah... Habazziniah... Hanan... Igdaliah... Maaseiah... Maaseiah... Shallum ## +# Jaazaniah ... Habazziniah ... Hanan ... Igdaliah ... Maaseiah ... Shallum -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/05.md b/jer/35/05.md index 4a6a9f415e..30ca05faab 100644 --- a/jer/35/05.md +++ b/jer/35/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Rechabites ## +# Rekabites -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 35:1](./01.md). +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 35:2](./01.md). -## Jonadab... Recab ## +# Jonadab ... Rekab -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## live many days in the land ## +# live many days in the land -"Days" refers to the span of time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"live many years in the land." "Days" refers to the span of time. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/08.md b/jer/35/08.md index 6e50993437..5d4dddd968 100644 --- a/jer/35/08.md +++ b/jer/35/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the voice of Jonadab ## +# the voice of Jonadab -The word "voice" here refers to "command." AT: "the command of Jonadab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "voice" is a metonym for the command that Jonadab spoke. AT: "the command of Jonadab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## all of our days ## +# all of our days -"Days" refers to the span of time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"as long as we live." "Days" refers to the span of time. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/12.md b/jer/35/12.md index 8c4a390775..1c50526eff 100644 --- a/jer/35/12.md +++ b/jer/35/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## the word of Yahweh came to ## +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying, -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke his word to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## ‘Will you not receive correction and listen to my words?' ## +# to Jeremiah -This question is asked to rebuke Israel. AT: "You will not receive correction and listen to my words." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Jonadab... Rechab ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -These are the name of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## 'The words of Jonadab son of Rechab that he gave to his sons as a command, not to drink any wine, have been observed ## +# Will you not receive correction and listen to my words? -AT: "The sons of Jonadab, son of Rechab, observed their father's command to not drink wine." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is telling Israel to listen carefully to his rebuke. AT: "You must certainly receive this correction and listen to my words." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# The words of Jonadab son of Rekab that he gave to his sons as a command, not to drink any wine, have been observed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The sons of Jonadab son of Rekab have observed their father's command to not drink wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Jonadab ... Rekab + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/15.md b/jer/35/15.md index 6055943bee..5ff90fb431 100644 --- a/jer/35/15.md +++ b/jer/35/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## turn from his wicked way and do good deeds ## +# let no one walk any longer after other gods -These two phrases are saying similar things and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## walk after other gods and worship them ## - -These two phrases are saying similar things and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## you will not listen to me or pay attention to me ## - -These two phrases are saying similar things and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Walking after a god is a metaphor for obeying the laws of that god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/17.md b/jer/35/17.md index 9aeed55986..6bc325767c 100644 --- a/jer/35/17.md +++ b/jer/35/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Look ## +# Look -This word tells us to pay special attention to what follows. \ No newline at end of file +This word tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/18.md b/jer/35/18.md index dac77aa6f0..991e274516 100644 --- a/jer/35/18.md +++ b/jer/35/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Rechabites ## +# Jeremiah said -This is the name of the people group. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 35:1](./01.md). +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Jonadab, Rechab ## +# Rekabites + +This is the name of the people group. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 35:2](./01.md). + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# Jonadab ... Rekab These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Jeremiah 35:5](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/35/intro.md b/jer/35/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c812ed59b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/35/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 35 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The Rechabites ##### + +The actions of the Rechabites contrasted with the actions of the Jews. The Rechabites obeyed the commands their ancestor had give while living in Canaan, but Judah did not obey Yahweh's commands. Because the Rechabites were obedient, Yahweh preserved their clan. The Rechabites' history is found in the book of Judges. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/01.md b/jer/36/01.md index d5c25214db..a32bc6d999 100644 --- a/jer/36/01.md +++ b/jer/36/01.md @@ -1,49 +1,51 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## It came about ## +# It came about "It happened." This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## in the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah ## +# in the fourth year of Jehoiakim ... king of Judah -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 25:1](../25/01.md). +Jehoiakim had been king of Judah for more than three years. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 25:1](../25/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## that this word ## +# that this word The phrase "this word" refers to the message that follows. -## It said ## +# to Jeremiah -"The message said" +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## every nation ## +# he said + +"Yahweh said" + +# every nation "all of the nations" -## I have told from ## +# I have told from "I have told you from" -## the days of Josiah ## +# from the days of Josiah until this very day -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +"from the time Josiah was king until today" -## until this very day ## +# Perhaps -"until today" +"It is possible that" -## Perhaps the people of Judah ## +# to bring on them -"Maybe the people of Judah" +"to cause to happen to them" -## I intend to bring on them ## +# his wicked way -"I am planning to do to them" +Yahweh speaks of a person's lifestyle as if it were a "way" or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). AT: "his wicked way of living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Perhaps everyone ## +# forgive their iniquity and their sin -"So that each person" - -## from his wicked path ## - -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +The words "iniquity" and "sin" are metonyms for the persons who commit iniquity and sin. AT: "forgive them for their iniquity and their sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/04.md b/jer/36/04.md index 0f779bf962..23723b9659 100644 --- a/jer/36/04.md +++ b/jer/36/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## and Baruch wrote in a scroll, at Jeremiah's dictation of, all the words of Yahweh spoken to him ## +# Jeremiah called ... at Jeremiah's dictation ... to him ... Jeremiah gave ... He said -"and while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote in a scroll all of the words of Yahweh which Yahweh had spoken to Jeremiah" +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. AT: "I called ... at my dictation ... to me ... I gave ... I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## read from the scroll ## +# Baruch wrote in a scroll, at Jeremiah's dictation, all the words of Yahweh spoken to him + +"while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote in a scroll all of Yahweh's words that Yahweh had spoken to Jeremiah" + +# read from the scroll "read out loud from the scroll" or "proclaim from the scroll" -## at my dictation ## - -"according to what I said" - -## must read ## +# must read "must read out loud" or "must proclaim" -## in the hearing of the people in his house ## +# in the hearing of the people in his house -"so that the people in Yahweh's house can hear them" +"so that the people in Yahweh's house can hear them." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/01.md). -## in the hearing of all of Judah who have come from their cities ## +# in the hearing of all of Judah who have come from their cities -"so all the people of Judah who have come from their cities can hear them" \ No newline at end of file +"so all the people of Judah who have come from their cities can hear them." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/07.md b/jer/36/07.md index eebe9c87ed..10dff7f4e4 100644 --- a/jer/36/07.md +++ b/jer/36/07.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah continues to give instructions to Baruch. -## Perhaps ## +# Perhaps -"Maybe" +"It is possible that" -## their pleas for mercy ## +# their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh + +"Yahweh will hear them plead for mercy and do as they ask" + +# their pleas for mercy The word "their" refers to the people in the house of Yahweh and the people of Judah who had come to the house of Yahweh from their cities. -## their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh ## +# from his wicked way -AT: "Yahweh will pay attention to their pleas for mercy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh speaks of a person's lifestyle as if it were a "way" or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). AT: "his wicked way of living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Perhaps each person will turn from his wicked way ## - -"Maybe they will repent; each person from his wicked way" - -## from his wicked way ## - -See how you translated "from his wicked path" in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). - -## the wrath and fury ## +# the wrath and fury "the anger and rage" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/09.md b/jer/36/09.md index a996b6a3fd..bf79c852ac 100644 --- a/jer/36/09.md +++ b/jer/36/09.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## It came about ## +# It came about -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:1](./01.md). +See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 36:1](./01.md). -## of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah ## +# in the fifth year and ninth month of Jehoiakim ... king of Judah -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 25:1](../25/01.md). +This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. "after Jehoiakim ... had been king of Judah for more than four years, during the ninth month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## proclaimed a fast ## +# of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah -"called for everyone to participate in a fast" +See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 25:1](../25/01.md). -## Gemariah son of Shaphan ## +# proclaimed a fast + +"told everyone that they were going to fast" + +# Jeremiah's words + +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Gemariah son of Shaphan This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the scribe ## +# the scribe "who was a scribe" -## by the gate of the entrance to the house of Yahweh ## +# by the gate of the entrance to the house of Yahweh "in the entrance of the new gate of the house of Yahweh" -## He did this ## +# He did this He read aloud Jeremiah's words. -## in the hearing of ## +# in the hearing of all the people -See how you translated "in the ears of Jerusalem" in [Jeremiah 2:1](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +"where all the people could hear him." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/11.md b/jer/36/11.md index 0aaba7b840..66b24d65c9 100644 --- a/jer/36/11.md +++ b/jer/36/11.md @@ -1,43 +1,43 @@ -## Micaiah ## +# Now -This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here the word "now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## Micaiah son of Gemariah son of Shaphan ## +# Micaiah son of Gemariah son of Shaphan "Micaiah who was the son of Gemariah, who was the son of Shaphan" -## to the secretary's room ## +# Micaiah -"to the room of the scribe" +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Look ## +# Look -The word “Look” adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +"Pay attention to what I am going to say" -## Elishama...Delaiah ## +# Elishama ... Delaiah These are names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shemaiah ## +# Shemaiah -See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 26:20](../26/20.md). +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 26:20](../26/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Elnathan son of Achbor ## +# Elnathan son of Akbor -See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 26:22](../26/22.md). +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 26:22](../26/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gemariah son of Shaphan ## +# Gemariah son of Shaphan -See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 36:9](./09.md). +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Zedekiah ## +# Zedekiah -See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:3](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hananiah ## +# Hananiah -See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 28:1](../28/01.md). +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 28:1](../28/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and all the officials ## +# all the officials -"and all of the other officials" \ No newline at end of file +"all of the other officials" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/13.md b/jer/36/13.md index 416b65d77a..826bc257f1 100644 --- a/jer/36/13.md +++ b/jer/36/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Micaiah ## +# Micaiah -See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 36:11](./11.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 36:11](./11.md). -## reported to them ## +# reported to them -The word "them" refers to officials in [Jeremiah 36:11](./11.md). +The word "them" refers to officials in [Jeremiah 36:12](./11.md). -## in the people's hearing ## +# in the hearing of the people -"so that the people could hear" +"so that the people could hear" See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/01.md). -## Jehudi...Nethaniah...Shelemiah...Cushi ## +# Jehudi ... Nethaniah ... Shelemiah ... Cushi -These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## read the scroll ## +# in our hearing + +"so we can hear you read it" See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/01.md). + +# read the scroll "read the scroll aloud" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/16.md b/jer/36/16.md index dfdcc6a916..0965ba333d 100644 --- a/jer/36/16.md +++ b/jer/36/16.md @@ -1,39 +1,39 @@ -## It happened that ## +# It happened that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## when they heard ## +# when they heard The word "they" refers to the officials. -## all these words ## +# all these words the words that Baruch read aloud from the scroll -## how did you come to write ## +# how did you come to write "how did you write" -## at Jeremiah’s dictation ## +# at Jeremiah's dictation See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:4](./04.md). -## dictated ## +# dictated Jeremiah spoke out loud so that Baruch could write down his words. -## wrote them in ink ## +# wrote them in ink "used ink to write them" -## ink ## +# ink -a dark dye that is used for writing +a dark liquid that is used for writing -## and Jeremiah, too ## +# Jeremiah, too -AT: "and Jeremiah should hide himself too." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +You may need to make this a complete sentence. AT: "Jeremiah should hide himself, too" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## where you are ## +# where you are -The word "you" refers to Baruch and Jeremiah. \ No newline at end of file +The word "you" refers to Baruch and Jeremiah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/20.md b/jer/36/20.md index 84c95f8e33..ba19da565a 100644 --- a/jer/36/20.md +++ b/jer/36/20.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## Then they ## +# So they -The word "they" refers to the officials. +"Then the officials" -## deposited the scroll in the room of Elishama ## +# put the scroll in the room of Elishama -"put the scroll safely in the room of Elishama" +"put the scroll in the room of Elishama so it would be safe" -## Elishama the secretary ## +# Elishama the secretary -See how you translated "Elishama the scribe" in [Jeremiah 36:11](./11.md). +See how you translated "Elishama the scribe" in [Jeremiah 36:12](./11.md). -## these words ## +# Jehudi -the words of the scroll which Jeremiah had dictated to Baruch +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 36:14](./13.md). -## Jehudi ## +# in the hearing of the king -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:13](./13.md). +"where the king could hear him" See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/01.md). -## in the ninth month ## +# Now -AT: "during the ninth month of the year." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Jeremiah starts to tell a new part of the story. -## and a brazier was burning in front of him ## +# in the ninth month -"and the brazier was in front of him with a blazing fire" +This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. This is at the end of the sowing season and the beginning of the cold season. It is during the last part November and the first part of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## a brazier ## +# a brazier was burning in front of him + +"the brazier was in front of him with a blazing fire" + +# a brazier a fireplace that people can move \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/23.md b/jer/36/23.md index 86fd4418b4..af258040b0 100644 --- a/jer/36/23.md +++ b/jer/36/23.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## It happened that ## +# It happened that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Jehudi ## +# Jehudi -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:13](./13.md). +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:14](./13.md). -## columns ## +# columns these are columns of words on the scroll -## would cut it off ## +# would cut it off -"would cut that part off" +"would cut that part of the scroll off" -## with a knife ## +# with a knife "using a scribe's knife" or "using the kind of knife that scribes use" -## brazier ## +# brazier -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:20](./20.md). +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:22](./20.md). -## until all of the scroll was destroyed ## +# until all of the scroll was destroyed "until the scroll was completely gone" -## all these words ## +# all these words the words from the scroll that Baruch wrote as Jeremiah dictated -## nor did their tear their clothes ## +# nor did they tear their clothes -People tore their cloths when they were extremely sad. AT: "nor did they mourn by tearing their clothes." \ No newline at end of file +People tore their cloths when they were extremely sad. AT: "nor did they mourn by tearing their clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/25.md b/jer/36/25.md index a5a4585d94..5b12ea7ffa 100644 --- a/jer/36/25.md +++ b/jer/36/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Elnathan, Delaiah, and Gemariah ## +# Elnathan, Delaiah, and Gemariah -See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 36:11](./11.md). +See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 36:12](./11.md). -## urged the king ## +# urged the king -"pleaded with the king" or "entreated the king" +"pleaded with the king" -## Jerahmeel...Seraiah...Azriel...Shelemiah...Abdeel ## +# Jerahmeel ... Seraiah ... Azriel ... Shelemiah ... Abdeel These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## a relative ## +# a relative -"a relative of the king" \ No newline at end of file +"a relative of the king" + +# Jeremiah the prophet ... hidden them + +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/27.md b/jer/36/27.md index 4cab375195..4f00264980 100644 --- a/jer/36/27.md +++ b/jer/36/27.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## the word of Yahweh came to ## +# Then the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah after ... dictation, saying, -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +The idiom "The word of Yahweh came" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Then Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah after ... dictation. He said," or "After ... dictation, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## at Jeremiah's dictation ## +# to Jeremiah ... Jeremiah's dictation -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:4](./04.md). +It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## It said ## +# at Jeremiah's dictation -"The message said" +See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 36:4](./04.md). -## Go back, take another scroll for yourself ## +# Go back, take another scroll for yourself "Take another scroll for yourself again" -## the original scroll ## +# the original scroll "the first scroll" -## Why have you written on it ## +# Why have you written on it ... beast in it'? -Jehoiakim uses this question to emphasize that Jeremiah should not have written that the king of Babylon would come and attack. AT: "You should not have written" or "You were wrong to write." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jehoiakim uses this question to emphasize that Jeremiah should not have written that the king of Babylon would come and attack. AT: "You should not have written ... beast in it!" or "You were wrong to write ... beast in it'!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## for he will destroy ## +# for he will destroy "and he will destroy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/30.md b/jer/36/30.md index cb50a1015d..a76a9b40e6 100644 --- a/jer/36/30.md +++ b/jer/36/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## will ever sit on the throne of David ## +# will ever sit on the throne of David -AT: "will ever rule as the heir of David." See how you translated "sits on the throne of David" in [Jeremiah 29:15](../29/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. See how you translated "sits on the throne of David" in [Jeremiah 29:16](../29/15.md). AT: "will ever rule the Israelites as David did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your corpse will be thrown out ## +# your corpse will be thrown out -AT: "people will throw your dead body outside." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "people will throw your dead body outside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## your corpse ## +# your corpse "your dead body" -## into the heat of day ## +# into the heat of day "so that it is exposed to the dry heat of the daytime" -## of you all ## +# frost + +ice that forms on grass during cold nights + +# of you all "of all of you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/32.md b/jer/36/32.md index bf61db9591..b4a192eed4 100644 --- a/jer/36/32.md +++ b/jer/36/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## at Jeremiah's dictation ## +# Jeremiah took ... Jeremiah's dictation -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:4](./04.md). +Jeremiah speaks of himself by name for reasons that are not clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## burned by Jehoiakim king of Judah ## +# Baruch wrote on it at Jeremiah's dictation -"which Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire" +The abstract noun "dictation" can be translated as a verb. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 36:4](./04.md). AT: "while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Furthermore, many other similar words were added to this scroll ## +# burned by Jehoiakim king of Judah -AT: "Furthermore, Jeremiah and Baruch added many more words which were similar to the words that had been in the first scroll." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"that Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire" + +# Furthermore, many other similar words were added to this scroll + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Furthermore, Jeremiah and Baruch added to this scroll many more words which were similar to the words that had been in the first scroll" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/36/intro.md b/jer/36/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c5ca87d5a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/36/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 36 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Opposition to Jeremiah ##### + +Jeremiah wrote God's prophesies on a scroll but the king burned it. It is possible that this action was intended to be understood as representing the definitiveness of these prophecies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../35/intro.md) | [>>](../37/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/01.md b/jer/37/01.md index 96d3eda3d0..600e7e34c5 100644 --- a/jer/37/01.md +++ b/jer/37/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## of the land ## +# Jehoiachin + +The Hebrew text has "Coniah," which is a variation of the name "Jehoiachin." Many modern versions have "Jehoiachin" in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to. + +# of the land "of the land of Judah" -## he proclaimed ## +# he proclaimed by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet + +The hand is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "he had Jeremiah the prophet proclaim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he proclaimed "Yahweh proclaimed" -## by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet ## +# Jeremiah the prophet -AT: "through Jeremiah who was a prophet." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah refers to himself by name for reasons that are not clear. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/03.md b/jer/37/03.md index 6b0ba7bb64..6e93bd171a 100644 --- a/jer/37/03.md +++ b/jer/37/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## Jehucal ## +# Jehukal -This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shelemiah ## +# Shelemiah -See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 36:13](../36/13.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest ## +# Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 21:1](../21/01.md). +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 21:1](../21/01.md). -## on our behalf ## +# on our behalf "for us" or "for our sake." The word "our" refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah. -## Jeremiah was coming and going among the people ## +# Now -AT: "Jeremiah was able to go wherever he wanted with everybody else." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. The narrator tells background information about what Jeremiah had been doing before Zedekiah sent the message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## for he had not yet been put in prison ## +# Jeremiah was coming and going among the people -"because no one had put him in prison" +Here "coming and going" is an idiom that means he was free to move about. AT: "Jeremiah was able to go wherever he wanted with everybody else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## came out ## +# for he had not yet been put in prison + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "because no one had put him in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# came out "had set out" -## besieging ## +# besieging -See how you translated this word in [Jeremiah 32:1](../32/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/06.md b/jer/37/06.md index 336a6eb52e..7cb606c5b2 100644 --- a/jer/37/06.md +++ b/jer/37/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## the word of Yahweh came to ## +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah the prophet, saying, -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah the prophet. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah the prophet:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you will say ## +# you will say -The word "you" refers to the two men that king Zedekiah had sent to Jeremiah, Jehucal son of Shelemiah, and Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest. +The word "you" refers to the two men that king Zedekiah had sent to Jeremiah, Jehukal son of Shelemiah, and Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## to seek advice from me ## +# to seek advice from me The word "me" refers to Yahweh. -## See ## +# See -This word adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +"Listen" or "Pay attention" -## They will fight against this city, capture it, and burn it ## +# They will fight against this city, capture it, and burn it -Compare how you translated "to wage war against it and take it, and to burn it" in [Jeremiah 34:20](../34/20.md). \ No newline at end of file +Compare how you translated "to wage war against it and take it, and to burn it" in [Jeremiah 34:22](../34/20.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/09.md b/jer/37/09.md index 4b21db3541..9cfe36ed12 100644 --- a/jer/37/09.md +++ b/jer/37/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Do not deceive yourselves ## +# Do not deceive yourselves The word "yourselves" refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah. -## Surely the Chaldeans are leaving us ## +# Surely the Chaldeans are leaving us -The people of Judah think that they will be safe because the Chaldeans had left. AT: "Surely the Chaldeans are leaving us, so we will be safe." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The people of Judah think that they will be safe because the Chaldeans had left. AT: "Surely we are safe because the Chaldeans are leaving us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they would get up ## +# they would get up "the wounded men would get up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/11.md b/jer/37/11.md index 4550f07474..fd8d78857c 100644 --- a/jer/37/11.md +++ b/jer/37/11.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## So it was ## +# So it was "It came about that." This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## a tract of land ## +# a tract of land "a piece of land" or "some land" -## among his people ## +# among his people "among his relatives." Jeremiah was from the town of Anathoth in the land of Benjamin. (See: [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md)) -## Benjamin Gate ## +# Benjamin Gate This is the name of the gate. -## Jeriah ## +# Irijah This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shelemiah ## +# Shelemiah -See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 36:13](../36/13.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hananiah ## +# Hananiah -See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 28:1](../28/01.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 28:1](../28/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## deserting to the Chaldeans ## +# deserting -"escaping to the Chaldeans" \ No newline at end of file +escaping trouble and leaving people who need help \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/14.md b/jer/37/14.md index 48f9f539b7..151fe88a81 100644 --- a/jer/37/14.md +++ b/jer/37/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## That is not true ## +# deserting -"Lie" or "That is a lie" +This means escaping trouble and leaving people who need help. -## not deserting ## +# Irijah -"not escaping" +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 37:13](./11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jeriah ## +# officials -See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 37:11](./11.md). +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:18](../01/17.md). -## officials ## +# Jonathan the scribe -See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 1:17](../01/17.md). - -## were angry ## - -"were extremely angry" or "were outraged" - -## Jonathan the scribe ## - -"Jonathan who was a scribe." This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Jonathan, who was a scribe." This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/16.md b/jer/37/16.md index bc3fda289e..82865dd7b3 100644 --- a/jer/37/16.md +++ b/jer/37/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## was put into an underground cell ## +# Jeremiah was put into an underground cell -"the officials put Jeremiah into a room that was under the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the officials put Jeremiah into a room that was under the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## brought him ## +# brought him "brought Jeremiah" -## his house ## +# his house -"the palace of King Zedekiah" +the palace of King Zedekiah -## you will be given over ## +# You will be given into the hand of the king of Babylon -The word "you" refers to King Zedekiah and his people. - -## given over into the hand of the king of Babylon ## - -See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 32:3](../32/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 32:4](../32/03.md). AT: "I will certainly put you under the control of the king of Babylon" or "I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/18.md b/jer/37/18.md index 2f63dbed08..828e69d941 100644 --- a/jer/37/18.md +++ b/jer/37/18.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## How have I sinned against you ## +# How have I sinned against you ... prison? -Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that he has not done anything wrong. AT: "I have not done anything wrong to you..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that he has not done anything wrong. AT: "I have not done anything wrong to you ... prison." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## this people ## +# this people the people of the kingdom of Judah -## have placed ## +# have placed "have put" -## Where are your prophets, the ones who prophesied...against this land ## +# Where are your prophets, the ones who prophesied ... against this land? -Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that the other prophets were lying but that he had done nothing wrong because he had told the truth. AT: "Your prophets who prophesied...against this land, were obviously wrong, but now it is clear that I was telling you the truth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that the other prophets were lying but that he had done nothing wrong because he had told the truth. AT: "Your prophets who prophesied ... against this land were obviously wrong, but now it is clear that I was telling you the truth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## your prophets ## +# your prophets The word "your" refers to King Zedekiah and the other people of the kingdom of Judah. -## will not come against you or against this land ## +# will not come against you or against this land "will not attack you or attack this land" -## my pleas come before you ## +# Let my pleas come before you -Compare how you translated "their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh" in [Jeremiah 36:7](../36/07.md). +"Hear me plead for mercy and do as I ask." See how you translated "their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh" in [Jeremiah 36:7](../36/07.md). -## the house of Jonathan the scribe ## +# the house of Jonathan the scribe -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:14](./14.md). \ No newline at end of file +"the house of Jonathan, who is a scribe." See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:15](./14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/21.md b/jer/37/21.md index 20a266cadb..a34d6e6bf8 100644 --- a/jer/37/21.md +++ b/jer/37/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## committed Jeremiah to the courtyard of the guard ## +# the courtyard of the guard -"put Jeremiah safely in the courtyard of the guard" +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/01.md). -## of the guard ## +# A loaf of bread was given him -"of the people who were guards" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "His servants also gave Jeremiah a loaf of bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## A loaf of bread was given him ## - -"His servants also gave Jeremiah a loaf of bread" - -## from the street of the bakers ## +# from the street of the bakers "from the street where the bakers worked" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/37/intro.md b/jer/37/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ec6d28db4b --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/37/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 37 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Ironic situation ##### + +Jeremiah was thrown into prison and beaten for prophesying the word of God. Then the king asked him, "Is there any word from Yahweh?" This is a type of irony. The king simply did not agree with God's original word. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 37:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../36/intro.md) | [>>](../38/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/01.md b/jer/38/01.md index 69d6ae3d2c..1cb7a079e7 100644 --- a/jer/38/01.md +++ b/jer/38/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Shephatiah...Malchijah ## +# Shephatiah ... Mattan, Gedaliah ... Pashhur, Jehukal ... Shelemiah ... Pashhur ... Malkijah -The names in this list all refer to men. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## will be killed by sword, famine, and plague ## +# Anyone staying in this city will be killed by sword, famine, and plague -AT: "will die by sword, famine, and plague" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Anyone staying in this city will die by sword, famine, and plague" or "I will kill anyone staying in this city with sword, famine, and plague" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## He will have his own life as his plunder ## +# He will escape with his own life -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:8](../21/08.md). +The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape alive, even though he will lose all his possessions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:9](../21/08.md). -## This city will be given over into the hand of the army of the king of Babylon ## +# This city will be given into the hand of the army of the king of Babylon -AT: "I will allow the army of the king of Babylon to conquer Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will allow the army of the king of Babylon to conquer Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he will capture it ## +# he will capture it -AT: "his army will capture it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The reader should understand that others will help the king of Babylon capture the city. "his army will capture it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/04.md b/jer/38/04.md index 171bec02b1..d88af25d9b 100644 --- a/jer/38/04.md +++ b/jer/38/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## he is weakening the hands of the fighting men who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people ## +# Let this man die -AT: "he is causing the soldiers and all the people in the city to lose courage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Order someone to kill this man" -## for this man is not working for safety for this people, but disaster ## +# he is weakening the hands of the fighting men who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people -AT: "for Jeremiah is not working to help this people, but he is working to hurt this people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +Weak hands are a metonym for a person who is afraid. AT: "he is causing the soldiers and all the people in the city to lose courage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Look, he is in your hand ## +# for this man is not working for safety for this people, but disaster -The word “Look” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "See, you have power over him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"for Jeremiah is not working to help this people be safe, but he is working for bad things to happen to this people" + +# Look + +"Listen carefully" + +# he is in your hand + +The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand has. AT: "you are able do whatever you want with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/06.md b/jer/38/06.md index 83218720a6..d9528bd7f7 100644 --- a/jer/38/06.md +++ b/jer/38/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## threw him into the cistern ## +# they ... threw him into the cistern -A "cistern" is a deep hole in the ground used for collecting and storing rain water. AT: "put him into the cistern" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +They literally "lowered Jeremiah down on ropes," but the word "threw" is an exaggeration to say that they treated him roughly. Your language may have another way of saying this. AT: "they ... roughly pushed him into the cistern" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## They lowered Jeremiah down on ropes ## +# cistern -This tells how they "threw" him into the cistern. \ No newline at end of file +a deep hole in the ground where people collect and store rain water + +# the courtyard of the guard + +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/01.md). + +# They lowered Jeremiah down on ropes + +This tells how "they threw him into the cistern." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/07.md b/jer/38/07.md index f3abf7cb1d..23425447bc 100644 --- a/jer/38/07.md +++ b/jer/38/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Ebed Melech the Cushite ## +# Now Ebed-Melek + +The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# Ebed-Melek the Cushite This is the name of a man from Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Now the king ## +# Now the king -Here the word "Now" marks a break in the main storyline where the narrator tells background information about what the king was doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +Here the word "now" marks a break in the main storyline where the narrator tells background information about what the king was doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## sitting at the Benjamin Gate ## +# sitting at the Benjamin Gate -Zedekiah was probably hearing and judging legal cases. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +King Zedekiah was probably hearing and judging legal cases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Benjamin Gate ## +# Benjamin Gate This is an entrance into the city of Jerusalem that people named after Benjamin, Jacob's son. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/10.md b/jer/38/10.md index 6f44fb8095..9704c7cc8b 100644 --- a/jer/38/10.md +++ b/jer/38/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## thirty men ## +# thirty men -AT: "30 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"30 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## let them down by ropes ## +# let them down by ropes "used ropes to lower them down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/12.md b/jer/38/12.md index 373814b04c..ab11edd123 100644 --- a/jer/38/12.md +++ b/jer/38/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## and on top of the ropes ## +# under your arms and on top of the ropes -"and around the ropes" +"between your arms and the ropes" -## they pulled Jeremiah ## +# they pulled Jeremiah -Here the word "they" refers to some of the thirty men who were with Ebed Melech. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "they" refers to some of the thirty men who were with Ebed-Melech. + +# the courtyard of the guard + +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/14.md b/jer/38/14.md index e1c48d225b..1e5b0162ac 100644 --- a/jer/38/14.md +++ b/jer/38/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## If I answer you, will you not certainly kill me? ## +# If I answer you, will you not certainly kill me? Jeremiah uses this question to express his belief that the king will kill him if he answers truthfully. AT: "If I tell you the truth, you will certainly kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## As Yahweh lives, the one who made us ## +# As Yahweh lives, the one who made us -The king says this to emphasize that what he is about to say next is true. AT: "Just as it is true that Yahweh, the one who made us, lives, it is true that" +"as surely as Yahweh, the one who made us, is alive." This is a way of making a solemn promise. The king says it to emphasize that what he is about to say next is true. See how you translated "As Yahweh lives" in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/01.md). AT: "I solemnly swear by Yahweh, the one who made us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## give you into the hand of those men ## +# I will not ... give you into the hand of those men -Here the word "hand" refers to the men's control or power. AT: "allow those men to capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "hand" refers to the men's control or power. AT: "I will not ... allow those men to capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## are seeking your life ## +# seeking your life -AT: "are trying to kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in [Jeremiah 11:21](../11/21.md). AT: "trying to kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/17.md b/jer/38/17.md index 33cfbf53f2..2fdf0dbefd 100644 --- a/jer/38/17.md +++ b/jer/38/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## God of Israel ## +# God of Israel -AT: "God of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The name of the people group is metonym for the people of that group. AT: "God of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## this city will not be burned ## +# this city will not be burned -AT: "the Babylonian army will not burn this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the Babylonian army will not burn this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## this city will be given over into the hand of the Chaldeans ## +# this city will be given into the hand of the Chaldeans -AT: “I will allow the Chaldeans to conquer this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 38:2](./01.md). AT: "I will allow the Chaldeans to conquer this city" or "I will allow the Chaldeans to do whatever they want with this city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## escape from their hand ## +# you will not escape from their hand -AT: "escape from their power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. AT: "you will not escape from their power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/19.md b/jer/38/19.md index d24ced30cd..fd00282db0 100644 --- a/jer/38/19.md +++ b/jer/38/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I might be given over into their hand ## +# deserted -Here "hand" means "control" or "power." AT: "the Chaldeans may give me to the Judeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +escaped trouble and left people who needed help. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:13](../37/11.md). -## for them to treat me badly ## +# I might be given over into their hand -Here the word "them" refers to the Judeans. \ No newline at end of file +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. AT: "the Chaldeans might put me under the control of the people of Judah who have deserted" or "the Chaldeans might allow the people of Judah who have deserted to do whatever they want with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for them to treat me badly + +Here the word "them" refers to the people of Judah who have deserted. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/20.md b/jer/38/20.md index 2be7b67c89..43e415703c 100644 --- a/jer/38/20.md +++ b/jer/38/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## They will not give you over to them ## +# They will not give you over to them -"The Chaldeans will not give you over to the Judeans." Here "you" refers to Zedekiah. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"The Chaldeans will not give you over to the Judeans." Here "you" refers to Zedekiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## this is what Yahweh has shown me ## +# this is what Yahweh has shown me Here the word "this" refers to what Jeremiah will say next. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/22.md b/jer/38/22.md index 2de0b5e258..080dd90551 100644 --- a/jer/38/22.md +++ b/jer/38/22.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah continues speaking with King Zedekiah. -## All the women who are left...will be brought out to the officials of the king of Babylon ## +# All the women who are left ... will be brought out to the officials of the king of Babylon -AT: "Soldiers will bring all the women who are left...out to the officials of the king of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The reader should understand that the officials will take these women as slaves. AT: "Soldiers will bring all the women who are left ... out to the officials of the king of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## You have been deceived by your friends ## +# You have been deceived by your friends -AT: "Your friends have deceived you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Your friends have deceived you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Your feet are now sunk into the mud ## +# Your feet are now sunk into the mud -This means that the king is in a difficult or helpless situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The king is now helpless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For all of your wives and children will be brought out to the Chaldeans ## +# For all of your wives and children will be brought out to the Chaldeans -AT: "Soldiers will bring your wives and children out to the Chaldeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The reader should understand that the officials will take these people as slaves. AT: "Soldiers will bring your wives and children out to the Chaldeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## escape from their hand ## +# will not escape from their hand -AT: “escape from their power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. AT: "will not escape from their power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## You will be captured by the hand of the king of Babylon, and this city will be burned ## +# You will be captured by the hand of the king of Babylon, and this city will be burned -Here "hand" refers to the king's power or his army. AT: "The army of the king of Babylon will capture you and will burn the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. The reader should probably understand that many people will help the king do this. AT: "The army of the king of Babylon will capture you and will burn the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/24.md b/jer/38/24.md index 93f5298edc..c8a54fc9f5 100644 --- a/jer/38/24.md +++ b/jer/38/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Jonathan ## +# Jonathan -See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 37:14](../37/14.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 37:15](../37/14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/27.md b/jer/38/27.md index b136507d2d..15db64741e 100644 --- a/jer/38/27.md +++ b/jer/38/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## until the day Jerusalem was captured ## +# the conversation between Jeremiah and the king -AT: "until the day that the Babylonian army captured Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "conversation" can be translated as a verb. AT: "what Jeremiah and the king said to each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the courtyard of the guard + +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/01.md). + +# until the day Jerusalem was captured + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "until the day that the Babylonian army captured Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/38/intro.md b/jer/38/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6129fbbc76 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/38/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 38 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Surrender and live ##### + +If the king obeyed God and surrendered to the Babylonians, he would be allowed to live and the city would not be burned. But if he refused, he would be captured and the city burned. This took faith that Yahweh was using this ungodly, Gentile nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 38:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../37/intro.md) | [>>](../39/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/39/01.md b/jer/39/01.md index 6451f0d6a9..e1e4931367 100644 --- a/jer/39/01.md +++ b/jer/39/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## In the ninth year and tenth month Zedekiah king of Judah ## +# came ... against Jerusalem -"When Zedekiah had been king of Judah for 9 years and 10 months" ( See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]]) +"came to attack Jerusalem" -## In the eleventh year and fourth month of Zedekiah, on the ninth day of the month ## +# In the ninth year and tenth month of Zedekiah king of Judah -"When Zedekiah had been king for 11 years, 4 months, and 9 days" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeday]]) +This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for eight years, in the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. AT: "In the tenth month of the ninth year that Zedekiah was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) -## Nergal Sharezer, Samgar Nebo, and Sarsechim ## +# ninth ... tenth ... eleventh ... fourth + +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] + +# In the eleventh year and fourth month of Zedekiah, on the ninth day of the month + +This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than ten years, in the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The eleventh day is near the beginning of July on Western calendars. AT: "On the ninth day of the fourth month of the eleventh year that Zedekiah was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# Nebo-Sarsekim, Samgar Nebo, and Sarsechim These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in the middle gate ## +# in the middle gate "in the middle entrance to the city." It was common for leaders to sit at the gate of the city to discuss important matters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/39/04.md b/jer/39/04.md index 012068f429..d2877dfac0 100644 --- a/jer/39/04.md +++ b/jer/39/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## They went out at night from the city by king's garden path ## +# They went out at night from the city by the king's garden path -"They left the city at night going out on a path in the kings's garden" +"They left the city at night going out on a path in the king's garden" -## the plains of the Jordan River valley ## +# the plains of the Jordan River valley This is the flat land at the southern end of the valley. -## at Riblah in the land of Hamath ## +# at Riblah in the land of Hamath -Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath. They are in Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath, which is in Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## pursued them and overtook ## +# pursued them and overtook -"followed and caught" +"followed them and caught" -## passed sentence on him ## +# passed sentence on him "decided how to punish him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/39/06.md b/jer/39/06.md index 948ba9a9ae..c9f2aa5796 100644 --- a/jer/39/06.md +++ b/jer/39/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## before his own eyes ## +# slaughtered Zedekiah's sons before his own eyes -AT: "as he watched them do it" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah's sons. AT: "forced Zedekiah to watch as the king's soldiers killed Zedekiah's sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## he put out Zedekiah's eyes ## +# he put out Zedekiah's eyes -"the king's men made Zedekiah blind" or "the king's men blinded Zedekiah" \ No newline at end of file +"the king's men made Zedekiah blind." Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah's eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/39/08.md b/jer/39/08.md index fdc459dfce..4e4f21eeb2 100644 --- a/jer/39/08.md +++ b/jer/39/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Nebuzaradan ## +# the king's house + +Zedekiah's house + +# the people's houses + +the houses that had belonged to the people of Jerusalem + +# Nebuzaradan This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the king's bodyguards ## +# the king's bodyguards "Nebuchadnezzar's guards" -## the rest of the people who were left in the city ## +# the rest of the people who were left in the city -"the people remaining in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is probably a generalization. AT: "the people who were still living in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# who had nothing for themselves + +The word "nothing" is probably an exaggeration. AT: "who owned nothing of great value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/39/11.md b/jer/39/11.md index 6070efcab3..bb20a5dde0 100644 --- a/jer/39/11.md +++ b/jer/39/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Nebushazban...Gedaliah...Ahikam...Shaphan ## +# Nebushazban ... Gedaliah ... Ahikam ... Shaphan These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## sent men out ## +# sent men out -AT: "sent men out to get Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +They sent them out to get Jeremiah. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "sent men out to get Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## among the people ## +# the courtyard of the guard -"among the people who remained in Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/01.md). + +# among the people + +You may need to make explicit which people the speaker is speaking of. AT: "among the people who remained in Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/39/15.md b/jer/39/15.md index 475530a8f1..125a082d4b 100644 --- a/jer/39/15.md +++ b/jer/39/15.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -This story happened before the events in the first part of the chapter, +# General Information: -## Now ## +This story happened before the events in the first part of the chapter. -This marks a new section of the story. +# Now -## the word of Yahweh had come to Jeremiah...It said ## +This word is used here to mark a return to the story line, as the narrator tells what Yahweh had said to Jeremiah after Nebuchadnezzar gave the orders about Jeremiah ([Jeremiah 39:12-14](./11.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -"Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah...He said" +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah while he was ... guard, saying, -## Ebed Melech the Cushite ## +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah while he was ... guard. He said," or "while Jeremiah was ... guard, Yahweh spoke this message to him:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 38:7](../38/07.md). +# the courtyard of the guard -## I am about to carry out my words against this city for diasaster and not for good ## +This was an open area attached to the king's palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/01.md). -"I am bringing disaster against this city just as I said I would" +# Ebed-Melek the Cushite -## For they will all come true before you on that day ## +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 38:7](../38/07.md). + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# I am about to carry out my words against this city for disaster and not for good + +"I am bringing disaster, not good, against this city, just as I said I would" + +# For they will all come true before you on that day "For you will see it all happen on that day" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/39/17.md b/jer/39/17.md index 82b7081df5..677a339afa 100644 --- a/jer/39/17.md +++ b/jer/39/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah. -## that day ## +# that day This refers to the day the Babylonians break through the walls of Jerusalem to destroy the city. -## this is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## you will not be put into the hand of the men whom you fear ## +# you will not be given into the hand of the men whom you fear -Here "hand" refers to power or control. AT: "the men you fear will not harm you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "hand" refers to power or control. This can be translated in active form. AT: "the men you fear will not harm you" or "I will not allow anyone to put you under the control of the people whom you fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## You will not fall by the sword ## +# You will not fall by the sword -AT: "No one will kill you with their sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The sword is a metonym for dying in war. AT: "No one will kill you with their sword" or "You will not die in war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Your life will be your own plunder, since you trust in me ## +# with your life -"Your reward for trusting me is not being killed" \ No newline at end of file +"alive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/39/intro.md b/jer/39/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f037978fa5 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/39/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Jeremiah 39 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The prophesied destruction of Jerusalem is over and the actual conquering of the Promised Land by Babylon begins in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 39:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../38/intro.md) | [>>](../40/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/01.md b/jer/40/01.md index 8c4338840c..06f84cfcae 100644 --- a/jer/40/01.md +++ b/jer/40/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## This was the word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh ## +# The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh -"This is what Yahweh said to Jeremiah" +This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:1](../32/01.md) AT: "Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah" or "Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Nebuzaradan, captain of the king's bodyguards ## +# Nebuzaradan -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 30:8](../30/08.md). +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## That was where Jeremiah had been taken to, and where he had been bound with chains ## +# who were being carried into exile to Babylon -AT: "That was where the Babylonian soldiers had taken Jeremiah and put him in chains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## who were to be exiled to Babylon ## - -AT: "whom the soldiers were sending to Babylon" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the soldiers were about to take to Babylon as exiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/03.md b/jer/40/03.md index 5e0f109b65..46afb2509d 100644 --- a/jer/40/03.md +++ b/jer/40/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## Yahweh brought it about. He did just as he had decreed ## +# this thing -AT: "Yahweh did what he told you he would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"this disaster" -## since you people sinned against him and did not obey his voice ## - -AT: "since you Judeans sinned against Yahweh and did not obey his command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## this thing has happened ## - -"this disaster has happened" - -## But now look! ## +# But now look! Nebuzaradan says this to bring Jeremiah's attention to the present moment. -## it is good in your eyes ## +# it is good in your eyes -AT: "you want to" \ No newline at end of file +"Eyes" here is a metonym for what the person thinks. AT: "it is what you consider to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/05.md b/jer/40/05.md index 3baede6577..d9bde11f24 100644 --- a/jer/40/05.md +++ b/jer/40/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Gedaliah … Ahikam … Shaphan ## +# Gedaliah ... Ahikam ... Shaphan -See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 39:11](../39/11.md). +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/11.md). -## among the people ## +# among the people "among the Judeans" -## it is good in your eyes ## +# it is good in your eyes -AT: "you think it is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Eyes" here is a metonym for what the person thinks. AT: "it is what you consider to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## who were left behind in the land ## +# who were left behind in the land "who stayed in Judah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/07.md b/jer/40/07.md index f8311766d5..8c9d226bcf 100644 --- a/jer/40/07.md +++ b/jer/40/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Now ## +# Now This marks a new part of the story. -## those who had not been exiled to Babylon ## +# those who had not been exiled to Babylon -AT: "those whom the enemy soldiers had not sent to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "those whom the enemy soldiers had not sent to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Ishmael ... and Jaazaniah ## +# Ishmael ... Nethaniah ... Johanan ... Jonathan ... Kareah ... Seraiah ... Tanhumeth ... Ephai ... Jaazaniah -In 40:8 these are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## son of the Maacathite ## +# Netophathite ... Maakathite -This refers to a person from the region of Maacah. \ No newline at end of file +people from the regions of Netophah and Maakah \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/09.md b/jer/40/09.md index 407adb7495..cea9f8c744 100644 --- a/jer/40/09.md +++ b/jer/40/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## took an oath to them ## +# took an oath to them "swore to the Judean commanders" -## summer fruit ## +# Look -This refers to seasonal crops. +"Listen carefully" or "Pay attention" -## Live in the cities that you have occupied ## +# summer fruit -"Live in your cities" \ No newline at end of file +"fruit that becomes ripe during the summer" + +# you have occupied + +"you have taken over." "Occupy" here is a military term. Gedaliah was talking to soldiers ([Jeremiah 40:7](./07.md)) who may have conquered or otherwise taken control of cities. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/11.md b/jer/40/11.md index 97413890e2..046fe64934 100644 --- a/jer/40/11.md +++ b/jer/40/11.md @@ -1,35 +1,27 @@ -## all the Judeans ## +# remnant of Judah -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:10](../32/10.md). +"remnant of the people of Judah" -## among the people of ## +# had appointed ... over them -AT: "all the Judeans among the people of Ammon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +"had put ... in charge of them" -## a remnant of Judah ## +# Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan -"a remnant of the people of Judah" +See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/11.md). -## had appointed...over them ## - -"had put... in charge of them" - -## Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan ## - -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:11](../39/11.md). - -## over them ## +# over them "over the people of Judah" -## where they had been scattered ## +# where they had been scattered -"where they had fled to" or AT: "where the Babylonians had driven them." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "where the Babylonians had driven them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## wine and summer fruit in great abundance ## +# wine and summer fruit in great abundance -"a huge amount of grapes and summer fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"a huge amount of grapes and summer fruit" -## summer fruit ## +# summer fruit -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 40:9](./09.md). \ No newline at end of file +"fruit that becomes ripe during the summer." See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 40:10](./09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/13.md b/jer/40/13.md index e666bf4dc8..a3d368634d 100644 --- a/jer/40/13.md +++ b/jer/40/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Jonathan...Kareah ## +# Johanan ... Kareah -See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 40:7](./07.md). +See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 40:8](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gedaliah ## +# Gedaliah -See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 39:11](../39/11.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## “Do you realize that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishamael son of Nethaniah to murder you?” ## +# Do you realize that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to murder you? -AT: "Certainly, you should realize that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to murder you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Johanan and the commanders use a rhetorical question to warn Gedaliah. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You need to understand that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to murder you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Baalis ## +# Baalis -This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Ishamael son of Nethaniah ## +# Ishmael ... Nethaniah -See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 40:7](./07.md). +Translate these names as in [Jeremiah 40:8](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Ahikim ## +# Ahikim -See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 26:22](../26/22.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 26:24](../26/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/15.md b/jer/40/15.md index 2d2aa36083..2306fb931b 100644 --- a/jer/40/15.md +++ b/jer/40/15.md @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ -## Jonathan...Kareah ## +# Johanan ... Kareah -See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 40:7](./07.md). +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 40:8](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## spoke privately to Gedaliah ## +# Gedaliah -"spoke to Gedaliah in secret" +See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/11.md). -## Gedaliah ## +# Ishmael ... Nethaniah -See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 39:11](../39/11.md). +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 40:8](./07.md). -## Ishmael the son of Nethaniah ## +# No one will suspect me -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 40:7](./07.md). +"No one will think that I did it" -## No one will suspect me ## +# Why should he kill you? -"No one will know" +Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to change Gedaliah's thinking. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not allow him to kill you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why should he kill you ## +# Why allow all of Judah that has been gathered to you to be scattered and the remnant of Judah destroyed? -AT: "You should not allow him to kill you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to get Gedaliah to think about what will happen if Gedaliah does what Gedaliah is planning to do. AT: "If you do this, all of Judah that has been gathered to you will be scattered and the remnant of Judah will be destroyed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why allow all of Judah... ## +# all of Judah -AT: "Do not allow so many of the people of Judah..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The word "all" is a generalization. AT: "many of the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## all of Judah that has been gathered to you ## +# that has been gathered to you -"the people of Judah that have come to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "who have come to you" or "whom Yahweh has brought to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to be scattered ## +# to be scattered -AT: "to flee away to many different lands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "to have the Chaldeans scatter them" or "to flee away to many different lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and the remnant of Judah destroyed ## +# the remnant of Judah destroyed -AT: "and allow the remnant of Judah to perish." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "allow the Chaldeans to destroy the remnant of Judah" or "and allow the remnant of Judah to perish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## the remnant of Judah ## +# remnant of Judah -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 40:11](./11.md). +"remnant of the people of Judah." See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 40:11](./11.md). -## Ahikam ## +# Ahikam -See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 26:22](../26/22.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 26:24](../26/22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/40/intro.md b/jer/40/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e57e0431eb --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/40/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 40 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Peace in Judah ##### + +After Babylon conquered Jerusalem, this chapter reveals an unfolding peace in the area. Ammon, who was supposed to be Judah's ally against Babylon, probably sought to distract Babylon from attacking them by ruining the peace in the region of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 40:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../39/intro.md) | [>>](../41/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/01.md b/jer/41/01.md index 7fdfe7f309..c6cb7b45dc 100644 --- a/jer/41/01.md +++ b/jer/41/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## it happened that ## +# it happened that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## in the seventh month ## +# in the seventh month -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]) +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Ishmael...Nethaniah...Elishama...Gedaliah...Ahikam ## +# Ishmael son of Nethaniah -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Elishama + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan + +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in charge of the land + +Here "land" represents the people. AT: "in charge of the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then Ishmael killed + +Here "Ishmael" represents himself and the ten men with him. AT: "Then Ishmael and the ten men with him killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the Chaldean fighting men found there + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "also the Chaldean soldiers there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/04.md b/jer/41/04.md index cc6cd6fa78..63ac7a24dd 100644 --- a/jer/41/04.md +++ b/jer/41/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## eighty men ## +# the second day after + +The word "second" is the ordinal form of the number 2. Possible meanings are 1) "the day after" or 2) "two days after" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# eighty men "80 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## in their hands ## +# who had shaved their beard, torn their clothes, and cut themselves -"Hands" represents the men. AT: "in their possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are symbolic actions that show that the men are mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# in their hands + +Having things in the hands here is probably a metaphor for carrying those things or having them in their possession. AT: "in their possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to go to Yahweh's house + +"to go worship Yahweh at his temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/06.md b/jer/41/06.md index 8ff971e850..eeada60ed3 100644 --- a/jer/41/06.md +++ b/jer/41/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## as he encountered them ## +# to meet them -AT: "as Ishmael came closer to the 80 men" +"to meet the 80 men" -## It came about that ## +# Then it happened + +This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# It came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Ishmael son of Nethaniah slaughtered them and threw them into a pit, he and the men who were with him ## +# Ishmael son of Nethaniah slaughtered them and threw them into a pit, he and the men who were with him -AT: "Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and the men who were with him, killed most of the 80 men and threw them into a pit" \ No newline at end of file +It is stated it in [Jeremiah 41:8](./08.md) that Ishmael and his men did not kill all 80 men. You can state here that they killed most of the 80 men. AT: "Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and the men who were with him, killed most of the 80 men and threw them into a pit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/08.md b/jer/41/08.md index c8c77c952d..c220272d76 100644 --- a/jer/41/08.md +++ b/jer/41/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## ten men among them ## +# ten men among them The word "them" refers to the 80 men. -## provisions ## +# for there are provisions of ours in a field -supplies to be used to provide for future needs. +It is implied that they would give their provisions to Ishmael and his men. AT: "for we will give you our provisions that we have hidden in a field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## corpses ## +# provisions -"dead bodies" +supplies to be used to provide for future needs -## had been dug ## +# The cistern where Ishmael ... against King Baasha of Israel -"King Asa dug this large pit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is background information about the cistern that Ishmael used. King Asa had his men dig the cistern so his people would have a water supply when King Baasha attacked them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# that King Asa dug + +Here King Asa represents his men. AT: "that King Asa ordered his men to dig" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# against King Baasha of Israel + +Here King Baasha represents himself and his army. AT: "against Baasha, king of Israel, and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Ishmael son of Nethaniah filled it + +Here Ishmael represents himself and all of his men. AT: "Ishmael and his men filled it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# with the dead + +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "with those who were dead" or "with those they had killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/10.md b/jer/41/10.md index ce7016c25a..8bf3da2c4a 100644 --- a/jer/41/10.md +++ b/jer/41/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## who were left in Mitzpah ## +# Ishmael captured -"who were still in Mitzpah" +Here Ishmael represents himself and his men. AT: "Ishmael and his men captured" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Ishmael...Nebuzaradan...Gedaliah...Ahikam...Nethaniah ## +# Nebuzaradan -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# went to cross over to the people of Ammon + +"traveled towards the land of the Ammonites" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/11.md b/jer/41/11.md index ca0d9109fa..98218483cf 100644 --- a/jer/41/11.md +++ b/jer/41/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Johanan...Kareah ## +# Johanan ... Kareah -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 40:13](../40/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## They found him ## +# Ishmael son of Nethaniah ... found him -"They found Ishmael and his men" \ No newline at end of file +Here "Ishmael" represents himself and all of his men. AT: "Ishmael and his men ... found them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/13.md b/jer/41/13.md index 10b5640b8f..b3273d30f9 100644 --- a/jer/41/13.md +++ b/jer/41/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Then it happened that ## +# Then it happened that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Ishmael, Jochanan, Kareah ## +# when all the people who were with Ishmael -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "people" refers to those whom Ishmael and his men had captured. + +# whom Ishmael had captured + +Here "Ishmael" represents himself and all of his men. AT: "whom Ishmael and his men had captured" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/15.md b/jer/41/15.md index b35792760d..f68cdb216c 100644 --- a/jer/41/15.md +++ b/jer/41/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Ishmael... Nethaniah...Gedaliah...Ahikam ## +# He went to the people of Ammon -See how you translated the names of these men in [Jeremiah 41:1](./01.md). +"He" refers to Ishmael who represents himself and the eight men with him. AT: "They went to the people of Ammon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Jochanan...Kareah ## +# who had been rescued -See how you translated the names of these men in [Jeremiah 41:11](./11.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom they had rescued" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## who had been rescued from Ishmael ## +# This was after Ishmael had killed Gedaliah son of Ahikam -AT: "he and his army had rescued from Ishmael" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The author stops the story to refer to a previous event so that the order of events are understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## This was after Ishmael had killed Gedaliah son of Ahikam ## +# the strong men, the fighting men -The author stops the story to refer to refer to a previous event so that the order of events are understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file +These both refer to soldiers. AT: "the soldiers" + +# who had been rescued at Gibeon + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom they had rescued at Gibeon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/17.md b/jer/41/17.md index 9f20b55be3..be53024b57 100644 --- a/jer/41/17.md +++ b/jer/41/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Geruth Chimham ## +# they went + +"Johanan, his companions, and all the people they rescued went" + +# Geruth Kimham This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## because of the Chaldeans ## +# because of the Chaldeans -AT: "because they thought the Chaldeans may attack them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It is implied that they were afraid that the Chaldeans would attack them. AT: "because they thought the Chaldeans may attack them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## in charge of the land ## +# in charge of the land -AT: "in charge of the land of Judah" \ No newline at end of file +Here "land" represents the people. AT: "in charge of the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/41/intro.md b/jer/41/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ca57834895 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/41/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Jeremiah 41 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Life in Judah ##### +This chapter explains what life was like in Judah after the Babylonian conquest. It was a difficult and dangerous time, but some of the faithful remained in the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 41:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../40/intro.md) | [>>](../42/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/01.md b/jer/42/01.md index 071301171f..d1541ab95c 100644 --- a/jer/42/01.md +++ b/jer/42/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# Johanan ... Kareah -## Johanan... Kereah...Jezaniah...Hoshaiah ## +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 40:13](../40/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jezaniah ... Hoshaiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## all the people from the least to the greatest ## +# all the people from the least to the greatest -This is a way to refer to people from every social level. AT: "people from every social level" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here "least" and "greatest" represent those who are least important and those who are most important. AT: "all the people from every social status" or "all the people, including the least important and the most important people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## Let our pleas come before you ## +# all the people -AT: "Let us present our urgent request to you" \ No newline at end of file +Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word "all" is a generalization that means very many people went. AT: "many other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Let our pleas come before you + +"Let us present our urgent request to you." The abstract noun "pleas" can be stated as a verb. AT: "Listen as we plead with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/04.md b/jer/42/04.md index 727276ff38..cb57a1f4a5 100644 --- a/jer/42/04.md +++ b/jer/42/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Look ## +# Look -AT: "Pay attention to what I'm about to tell you" +"Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## I will keep nothing back from you ## +# I will keep nothing back from you -AT: "I will tell you everything the Lord tells me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +The phrase "keep nothing back from you" is an idiom that means to tell someone everything. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I will tell you everything the Lord tells me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## true and faithful ## +# May Yahweh be -Both of these words have the same meaning. AT: "trustworthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This is a way of beginning an oath. AT: "We ask Yahweh to be" or "Yahweh will be" -## Whether it is good or if it is bad ## +# true and faithful -Both extremes are mentioned to refer to every possible answer. AT: "Whatever his answer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Here these words share similar meanings. They describe Yahweh as a witness whom no one will be able to contradict. AT: "trustworthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the voice of Yahweh our God ## +# Whether it is good or if it is bad -Yahweh is referred to by what he uses to respond to their question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people mention both extremes to emphasize that they will obey no matter what Yahweh's answer is. AT: "Whatever he answers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the voice of Yahweh our God + +Here "voice" represents what Yahweh says. AT: "what Yahweh our God says" or "we will obey Yahweh our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/07.md b/jer/42/07.md index 71230bd665..c5a67f524b 100644 --- a/jer/42/07.md +++ b/jer/42/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## the word of Yahweh came to ## +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:2](../01/01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah" or "Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## all the people from the least to the greatest ## +# to all the people from the least to the greatest -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 42:1](./01.md). +This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here "least" and "greatest" represent those who are least important and those who are most important. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 42:1](./01.md). AT: "to all the people from every social status" or "to all the people, including the least important and the most important people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## I might lay your pleas before him ## +# to all the people -"I would present your urgent request to him" +Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word "all" is a generalization that means very many people went. AT: "to many other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## I will build you and not tear you down ## +# I might lay your pleas before him -Yahweh refers to the people of Israel like a wall that can be built or torn down. AT: "I will cause you to prosper and no be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"I would present your urgent request to him." Telling the people's request to Yahweh is spoken of as if Jeremiah laid their requests in front of Yahweh. AT: "I might tell him your requests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will plant you and not pull you up ## +# I will build you and not tear you down -Yahweh uses another example to express how he will cause the people of Israel to prosper and not be destroyed. He refers to them like a plant in the same way he referred to them as a wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh refers to the people of Israel like a wall that can be built or torn down. AT: "I will cause you to prosper and I will not destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will turn back the disaster that I have brought on you ## +# I will plant you and not pull you up -A disaster is here spoken of as something that a person can put onto someone else. AT: "I will prevent the disaster that I have caused to happen to you" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses another example to express how he will cause the people of Israel to prosper and not be destroyed. He refers to them like a plant in the same way he referred to them as a wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will turn back the disaster that I have brought on you + +A disaster is here spoken of as something that a person can put onto someone else. AT: "I will prevent the disaster that I have caused to happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/11.md b/jer/42/11.md index 0ae11424ea..a4c500d75b 100644 --- a/jer/42/11.md +++ b/jer/42/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## rescue you from his hand ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -AT: "rescue you from his power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## to save you and rescue you ## +# to save you and rescue you -The words "save" and "rescue" mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. AT: "to save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "save" and "rescue" mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will, indeed, save. AT: "to save you completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# rescue you from his hand + +Here the word "hand" refers to power and authority. AT: "rescue you from his power" or "rescue you from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/13.md b/jer/42/13.md index fd95169efc..5128b1b86a 100644 --- a/jer/42/13.md +++ b/jer/42/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## if you do not listen to the voice of me, Yahweh your God. ## +# if you do not listen to my voice, the voice of Yahweh your God -To not obey is like the people did not hear Yahweh's command. AT: "if you do not obey my commands, even though I am Yahweh, your God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "voice" represents a command. To not obey is like the people did not hear Yahweh's command. AT: "if you do not obey my commands, even though I am Yahweh, your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## where we will not see any war, where we will not hear the sound of the trumpet ## +# where we will not see any war, where we will not hear the sound of the trumpet -Both of these phrases described being at war by the ability to see or hear it. AT: "where we will not experience the hardships of war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Both of these phrases describe being at war by the ability to see or hear it. AT: "where we will not experience the hardships of war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## we will not go hungry for food ## +# we will not go hungry for food Being hungry for food is used to describe famine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/15.md b/jer/42/15.md index 09d9031a6c..8e21155884 100644 --- a/jer/42/15.md +++ b/jer/42/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## the sword that you fear will overtake you ## +# Now -AT: "You will experience the terrible results of war there." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -## The famine that you are worrying about will pursue you to Egypt ## +# to this word of Yahweh -Famine is referred to as something that can pursue something else. AT: "You worry about famine in Israel but if you go to Egypt you will suffer from famine there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"to Yahweh's message" -## all the men ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -The men are used to refer to all the people because they are the leaders in their families. AT: "everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# the sword that you fear will overtake you + +Here "the sword" represents war. The Israelites experiencing war even if they go to Egypt is spoken of as if the sword would chase after the people catch up with them. AT: "you will experience the terrible results of war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The famine that you are worrying about will pursue you to Egypt + +The Israelites experiencing famine even in Egypt is spoken of as if famine would chase after them. AT: "You worry about famine in Israel but if you go to Egypt you will suffer from famine there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# all the men who set out + +The men are used to refer to all the people because they are the leaders in their families. AT: "anyone who sets out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# set out to go to + +"depart for" or "leave for" + +# the disaster that I will bring on them + +Causing a disaster is spoken of as if disaster were an object that is brought to a person. AT: "the disaster that I will cause to happen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/18.md b/jer/42/18.md index 45c13cde75..21bccf6116 100644 --- a/jer/42/18.md +++ b/jer/42/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## as my wrath and my fury ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -Both of these words are used to describe great anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## my wrath and my fury were poured out ## +# my wrath and my fury were poured out on the inhabitants of Jerusalem -Emotions are described as something that can be poured like water. This description expresses that Yahweh will not hold back from punishing the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if wrath and fury were liquids that he poured out on the people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I became very angry and punished the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## an object of cursing and a horror, an object for speaking curses, and something dishonorable. ## +# my wrath and my fury -Yahweh is basically saying the same thing twice for emphasis. The phrase "object of cursing" means others would say they want their enemies to be like the people of Jerusalem because the people of Israel are so miserable.(See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The words "wrath" and "fury" mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of his wrath. AT: "my terrible wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## I have been a witness ## +# in the same way my fury will be poured out on you -Yahweh has been the one who makes sure the people of Israel are punished if they do not keep their promise to obey Yahweh's command. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if fury were a liquid that he pours out on the people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will became very angry and punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will become an object of cursing and a horror, an object for speaking curses, and something dishonorable + +All of these statements mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the nations will treat the people of Judah after Yahweh punishes them. AT: "People will be terrified when they see what has happened to you. They will curse and mock you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I have been a witness against you + +The phrase "been a witness against" is an idiom that means to give a warning. AT: "I have warned you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/20.md b/jer/42/20.md index 8ade8e9339..3317914a6a 100644 --- a/jer/42/20.md +++ b/jer/42/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## you will pay with your lives ## +# we will carry it out -AT: "you will die as the punishment for your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "we will do it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## we will carry it out ## +# you have not listened -AT: "we will do it" +"you have not paid attention" -## you will die by sword ## +# to the voice of Yahweh your God -War is referred to by a weapon used to fight. AT: "You will die in warfare." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "voice" represents what Yahweh commanded. AT: "to what Yahweh your God commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in the place where you desired to go to live ## +# now -AT: "in Egypt, where you thought you would be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. + +# you will die by sword + +Here "sword" represents war. AT: "you will die in warfare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the place where you desired to go to live + +They desired to live in Egypt. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "in Egypt, where you thought you would be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/42/intro.md b/jer/42/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d057f15719 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/42/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Jeremiah 42 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Life in Babylon ##### +The remaining army commanders, who scattered after the Babylonian victory, asked Jeremiah to ask Yahweh about where they should go. Yahweh encouraged them to go to Babylon because they would soon return to the Promised Land. They would be punished if they went to Egypt or anywhere else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 42:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../41/intro.md) | [>>](../43/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/43/01.md b/jer/43/01.md index e5fa9c8004..4c82fa71d3 100644 --- a/jer/43/01.md +++ b/jer/43/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] - -## It happened that ## +# It happened that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Hoshaiah...Johanan...Kareah...Neriah ## +# Azariah -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this is another name for Jezaniah in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md) or 2) this is a different son of Hoshaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## inciting ## +# Hoshaiah -to cause someone to want to harm others. \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Johanan ... Kareah + +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 40:13](../40/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# inciting + +to cause someone to act in a harmful or violent way + +# to deliver us into the hand of the Chaldeans + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "to give us over to the Chaldeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for you to cause our death and to make us captives in Babylon + +The abstract noun "death" can be stated as "to kill." AT: "for you to cause the Chaldeans to either kill us or to take us as captives to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/43/04.md b/jer/43/04.md index 348307b97d..f7ce4e3861 100644 --- a/jer/43/04.md +++ b/jer/43/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## refused to listen to Yahweh's voice ## +# all the people -AT: "would not obey Yahweh's command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This probably did not include every individual there. The word "all" is a generalization that means many people. AT: "many of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## where they had been scattered ## +# refused to listen to Yahweh's voice -AT: "where Yahweh had caused them to go and be separated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "voice" represents commands. And here "to listen" means "to obey." AT: "would not obey Yahweh's command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Nebuzaradan...Gedaliah...Ahikam...Shaphan ## +# where they had been scattered -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where Yahweh had scattered them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Tahpanhes ## +# Nebuzaradan -This is the name of a city. \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gedaliah ... Ahikam ... Shaphan + +See how you translated these men's names in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Tahpanhes + +See how you translated the name of this city in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/43/08.md b/jer/43/08.md index a363dca271..072c262db6 100644 --- a/jer/43/08.md +++ b/jer/43/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## the word of Yahweh came to ## +# the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes, saying, -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). +The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah in Tahpanehs:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I will place his throne over these stones...his pavilion over them ## +# in the sight of the people of Judah -Both the king's "throne" and "pavilion" are used to refer to his royal authority. AT: "I will cause him to rule as king over the people of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The abstract noun "sight" can be expressed with the verb "watching." AT: "while the people of Judah are watching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## pavilion ## +# mortar -a very large tent. \ No newline at end of file +a substance used to hold bricks together + +# to Pharaoh's house + +"to Pharaoh's royal building" + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# I will place his throne over these stones that you, Jeremiah, have buried. Nebuchadnezzar will place his pavilion over them + +Both the king's "throne" and "pavilion" are used to refer to his royal authority. AT: "I will cause him to rule as king over the people of Egypt. He will place his throne and pavilion over these stones you have buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# pavilion + +a very large tent \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/43/11.md b/jer/43/11.md index 5f6f93578e..b12e70ac9f 100644 --- a/jer/43/11.md +++ b/jer/43/11.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling his message. -## he will come ## +# he will come -AT: "Nebuchadnezzar will come" +Here "he" refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents his whole army. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar's army will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Anyone who is assigned to death will be given to death ## +# Anyone who is assigned to death will be given to death -AT: "Everyone will die whom I have decided must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "death" can be stated as "die." This can be stated in active form. AT: "Everyone will die whom I have decided must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Anyone who is assigned to captivity will be taken captive ## +# Anyone who is assigned to captivity will be taken captive -AT: "The Babylonians will take everyone captive whom I have decided must go into captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Babylonians will take everyone captive whom I have decided must go into captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## And anyone who is assigned to the sword will be given to the sword ## +# Anyone who is assigned to the sword will be given to the sword -AT: "Everyone will die in battle whom I have decided will die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "sword" represents battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Everyone will die in battle whom I have decided will die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## He will clean out the land of Egypt just as shepherds clean vermin off their clothes ## +# Then I will light a fire -"He will take everything valuable from Egypt just as a shepherd is careful to get every insect off of his clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. This represents Yahweh sending the Babylonian army to light a fire. AT: "Then I will cause the Babylonian army to light a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Heliopolis ## +# Nebuchadnezzar will ... He will -the name of a city, "Sun City" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. AT: "Nebuchadnezzar's army will ... They will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# burn them or capture them + +"burn the Egyptian idols or take them" + +# He will clean out the land of Egypt just as shepherds clean vermin off their clothes + +Taking or destroying everything in Egypt is compared to how a shepherd carefully cleans off his clothes. AT: "He will take or destroy everything valuable in Egypt just as a shepherd is careful to get every insect off of his clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Heliopolis + +This is the name of a city. The name means "city of the sun." In this city was a temple where they worshiped a sun god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/43/intro.md b/jer/43/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c99009a2db --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/43/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Jeremiah 43 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### They did not believe Jeremiah ##### +After Jeremiah prophesied the destruction of Judah, the people did not believe him. Judah was conquered and destroyed. Even after this, the people did not believe they would be safe in Babylon as Jeremiah prophesied. This is shocking. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### Babylon invades Egypt ##### +Babylon is described as invading part of Egypt. This would have been unthinkable for the people. It would have gotten their attention. + +#### Other possible translation issues in this chapter #### + +##### Symbolic actions ##### +Jeremiah's burial of the stones was intended to be a symbolic action for the people. This was supposed to teach the people a lesson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 43:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../42/intro.md) | [>>](../44/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/01.md b/jer/44/01.md index 484709c22a..62f8213951 100644 --- a/jer/44/01.md +++ b/jer/44/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# The word that came to Jeremiah -## This was the word that came to Jeremiah ## +It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah" or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "This was the message Yahweh gave to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Migdol -## Migdol...Tahpanhes...Memphis...Patros ## +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Tahpanhes ... Memphis -## You yourselves have seen ## +Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -The word "yourselves" is used for emphasis a to specify the people of Judea who live in the land of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) +# in Upper Egypt -## See ## +This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called "Pathros." -AT: "Listen" or "Pay attention" or "Be sure you understand this:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -## they did to offend me ## +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -AT: "the people of Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah did to offend me" +# You yourselves have seen -## they themselves ## +The word "yourselves" is used for emphasis to specify the people of Judea who live in the land of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -"the people from the ruined cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +# all the disasters that I brought on Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah + +Causing disasters is spoken of as if disasters were an object that can be put on something. AT: "all the disaster that I caused to happen to Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# See + +"Listen" or "Pay attention" or "Be sure you understand this:" + +# they did to offend me + +"the people of Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah did to offend me" + +# they themselves + +The word "themselves" is used for emphasis to specify the people of Jerusalem and the other cities of Judah. AT: "the people from the ruined cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/04.md b/jer/44/04.md index 7999591c60..0d9be40451 100644 --- a/jer/44/04.md +++ b/jer/44/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## So I repeatedly sent ## +# So I repeatedly sent The word "I" refers to Yahweh. -## my fury and my wrath ## +# or turn from their wickedness in burning incense to other gods -Both of these words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +To stop doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. AT: "or to stop behaving wickedly by burning incense to other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my fury and my wrath were poured out ## +# my fury and my wrath were poured out -This describes Yahweh's punishment as something that he can hold back like water in a container but then pour out when his anger causes him to begin his punishment on those who anger him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Becoming angry and punishing people is spoken of as if fury and wrath were liquids there could be poured on people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I became very angry and punished them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## ruins and devastations ## +# my fury and my wrath -Both of these words have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "fury" and "wrath" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. AT: "my terrible wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# kindled a fire + +Yahweh becoming angry and punishing the people of Judah is spoken of as his fury and wrath were a fire. AT: "my fury and wrath were like a fire" or "my punishment was like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they became ruins and devastations + +The words "ruins" and "devastations" mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the complete devastation of Judah and Jerusalem. AT: "they became completely devastated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# as at this present day + +This refers to the current time at which Yahweh was speaking this message. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/07.md b/jer/44/07.md index a62627ccb7..a289848714 100644 --- a/jer/44/07.md +++ b/jer/44/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Why are you doing great wickedness against yourselves? Why are you causing yourselves to be cut off from among Judah—men and women, children and babies? ## +# Why are you doing ... yourselves? Why are you causing ... and babies? -Yahweh uses these questions to express to the people of Israel that they should stop doing things that cause them to be punished. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses these questions to rebuke the people for doing things that cause him to punish them. AT: "You are doing ... yourselves. You are causing ... and babies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the deeds of your hands ## +# Why are you doing great wickedness against yourselves? -The people are referred to by the part of the body used to lit incense. AT: "what you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The abstract noun "wickedness" can be stated as "wicked." AT: "Why are you doing these wicked things that harm yourselves?" or "You are doing wicked things that cause terrible things to happen to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## you will be destroyed ## +# Why are you causing yourselves to be cut off from among Judah ... and babies? -AT: "cause me to destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Being separated from the people of Judah is spoken of as if the people are cut off from Judah the way a person may cut off a branch from a vine or cut off a piece of cloth. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Why are you causing me to remove you from the people of Judah ... and babies?" or "You are causing me to remove you from the people of Judah ... and babies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# By your wickedness you have offended me with the deeds of your hands + +The abstract noun "wickedness" represents actions that are "wicked." Here "hand" represents the whole person. AT: "You have offended me with the wicked things you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# You have gone there so that ... so that + +"The result of going to Egypt is that ... and that" + +# you will be destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will cause me to destroy you" or "you will destroy yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will be a curse and a reproach among all the nations of the earth + +Here "nations" represent the people. AT: "all the people of all the nations of the earth will curse you and hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/09.md b/jer/44/09.md index f7c2b558e1..29082ee730 100644 --- a/jer/44/09.md +++ b/jer/44/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Have you forgotten ... and in the streets of Jerusalem? ## +# Have you forgotten the wickedness committed by your ancestors and the wickedness committed by the kings of Judah and their wives? -Yahweh challenges the people with these two questions that mean almost the same thing for emphasis. AT: "You have forgotten ... and in the streets of Jerusalem!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about the wicked behavior of their ancestors and how Yahweh punished them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Think about what happened to your ancestors and the kings of Judah and their wives when they did wicked things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and the streets of Jerusalem ## +# Have you forgotten the evil committed by yourselves and your wives in the land of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem? -Jerusalem is referred to by the part of the city where people walk. This means the people did evil things in public places. AT: "and Jerusalem" or "and the public places of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about their own wicked behavior and how Yahweh punished them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Think about what happened to you and your wives when you did evil things in the land Judah and the streets of Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the streets of Jerusalem + +Jerusalem is referred to by the part of the city where people walk. This means the people did evil things in public places. AT: "Jerusalem" or "the public places of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they still are not humbled + +"the people of Judah are still not humble." Yahweh is still speaking to the people of Judah, so this can be stated in second person. AT: "you are still not humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# nor do they walk in them + +Obeying the laws is spoken of as if it were walking in the laws. AT: "nor do they obey them" or "nor do you obey them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/11.md b/jer/44/11.md index 7f0f5f1452..03224d55a1 100644 --- a/jer/44/11.md +++ b/jer/44/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## set my face against you ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -A decision is described by someone not moving from the direction they are looking. AT: "decide to be against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## They will fall ## +# I am about to set my face against you -This is a mild way to say that someone will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This idiom means he "firmly decided." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:10](../21/08.md). AT: "I have made up my mind to oppose you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## by the sword ## +# set my face against -War is described by the weapon used by most soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"stare angrily at" -## From the least to the greatest ## +# to bring disaster to you -People with the least and the respect in society are used to refer to everyone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Causing disaster to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that can be brought to someone. AT: "to cause disaster to happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will fall by sword and famine + +Here "fall" means to die. And "sword" represents the enemies carrying weapons. AT: "Enemies will kill some of them and others will die of hunger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# From the least to the greatest + +This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here "least" and "greatest" represent those who are least important and those who are most important. AT: "all the people from every social status" or "all the people, including the least important and the most important people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# will become an object of swearing, cursing, reproaching, and a horrible thing + +"people will be horrified because of what happened to the people of Judah, and people will mock and curse them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/13.md b/jer/44/13.md index 11a9285209..7b751c0d11 100644 --- a/jer/44/13.md +++ b/jer/44/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## sword, famine, and plague ## +# I punished Jerusalem -The word "sword" is used to refer to war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "Jerusalem" represents the people. AT: "I punished the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## fugitive or survivor ## +# with sword, famine, and plague -Both of these words refer to the same people. A fugitive is someone who escapes from someone who wants to kill them or take them captive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "sword" represents enemies carrying weapons. AT: "by causing enemies to kill some of them, others to starve to death, and others to die because of disease" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/15.md b/jer/44/15.md index d39abe30f6..d3b972ae7d 100644 --- a/jer/44/15.md +++ b/jer/44/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Pathros ## +# in the great assembly -This is the name of a region of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"in the large crowd" -## About the word that you have told us in Yahweh's name: We will not listen to you ## +# Lower ... Egypt -AT: "We will not obey the command you have given us by Yahweh's authority" +"Lower Egypt" refers to the northern region of Egypt. -## Queen of Heaven ## +# Upper Egypt -This is a name or title given to the moon by the people of Judah in Egypt who worshipped it as a goddess. +This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called "Pathros." -## Then we will be filled with food and will prosper, without experiencing any disaster ## +# About the word that you have told us in Yahweh's name—we will not listen to you -AT: "In those days we had plenty of food, and prospered, and saw no disaster" +Here "in Yahweh's name" means "in Yahweh's authority" or "as Yahweh's representative." AT: "We will not obey this message that you say Yahweh told you to tell us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## we will be filled with food ## +# queen of heaven -"we will be well fed" +This a title of a false goddess that the people of Judah worshiped. This goddess is also called "Asherah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Then we will be filled with food and will prosper, wthout experiencing any disaster ## +# the streets of Jerusalem -The people of Judah thought they would prosper because the Queen of Heaven would bless them if they worshipped her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "streets" represent the public places in Jerusalem. AT: "in the public places of Jerusalem" or "in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Then we will be filled with food and will prosper, without experiencing any disaster + +The people of Judah thought they would prosper because the queen of heaven would bless them if they worshiped her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then we will be filled with food + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then we will have plenty of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/18.md b/jer/44/18.md index 5c6dd9d525..d4fe464ca1 100644 --- a/jer/44/18.md +++ b/jer/44/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -The remnant of the people living in Egypt continue to speak. Beginning in v 19, the women address Jeremiah. +# General Information: -## Queen of Heaven ## +The remnant of the people living in Egypt continue to speak. Beginning in 44:19, the women address Jeremiah. -See background information in [Jeremiah 44:15](./15.md). +# were dying by sword and famine -## did we do these things without our husbands' knowledge? ## +Here "sword" represents enemies carrying weapons. AT: "enemy soldiers were killing some of us and some of us were dying of hunger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -The women are claiming innocence because they had their husbands' knowledge and approval. AT: "our husbands knew what we were doing." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# was it against our husbands that we did these things ... to her? + +The women were claiming to be innocent because their husband approved of what they were doing. AT: "our husbands knew what we were doing ... to her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# cakes in her image + +These were probably small cakes shaped like stars or the crescent moon. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/20.md b/jer/44/20.md index e3b35f066c..4f790f01d2 100644 --- a/jer/44/20.md +++ b/jer/44/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Did not Yahweh remember ... ## +# Did not Yahweh remember ... of the land? -AT: "Yahweh remembered ... " (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jeremiah uses a question to scold the people. AT: "Yahweh certainly knew about ... of the land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## calls this to mind ## +# For Yahweh calls this to mind; it comes to his thoughts -This means that Yahweh brought this to his attention and memory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that Yahweh knows that the people were worshiping false gods. AT: "Yes, Yahweh knows what you were doing, and he does not forget" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/22.md b/jer/44/22.md index ec138742cc..5523e9616c 100644 --- a/jer/44/22.md +++ b/jer/44/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## to bear it ## +# was no longer able to bear it -"to tolerate it" +"was no longer able to tolerate it" -## no longer an inhabitant as at this present day ## +# because of the abominations that you did -AT: "no one living there as there is no one living there today." +The abstract noun "abominations" can be stated as "things he hated." AT: "because you did things that he hated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## burned incense ## +# Then your land became a desolation, a horror, and a curse so there was no longer an inhabitant as at this present day -This refers to burning incense to idols or false gods. AT: "burned a sacrifice to false gods" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "a desolation," "a horror," and "a curse." AT: "Then Yahweh caused it so that no one lives in the land. He made it a desolate and horrifying place. People use its name to curse others. And this is how it is even to this day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## listen to his voice ## +# burned incense -Here "voice" refers to Yahweh's commands. AT: "obey his commands," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Why people burn incense can be stated clearly. AT: "burned incense to false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you would not listen to his voice + +Here "voice" refers to Yahweh's commands. AT: "you would not obey his commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/24.md b/jer/44/24.md index 2e03c4187b..702b9a1717 100644 --- a/jer/44/24.md +++ b/jer/44/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## said with your mouths and carried out with your hands what you said ## +# all of Judah -AT: "said and done what you promised you would say and do" +Here "Judah" represents the people. AT: "all the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Queen of Heaven ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -Refer to background information in [Jeremiah 44:15](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# have said with your mouths and carried out with your hands what you said + +Here "mouths" and "hands" represent the whole person. AT: "have done what you promised to do when you said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# carry out the vows + +"fulfill the vows" or "complete the vows" + +# Now fulfill your vows; carry them out + +This is an ironic statement. Yahweh does not really want them to fulfill their vow to a false goddess. Yahweh knows they will not listen to him so he tells them to go ahead and do what they want. AT: "Very well! If that is what you want to do, then go fulfill your vows and do what you promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# Now + +The word "now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/26.md b/jer/44/26.md index 759de00d3b..85cc21516c 100644 --- a/jer/44/26.md +++ b/jer/44/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## See, I have sworn by my great name, says Yahweh ## +# all of Judah -Yahweh's "great name" refers to his whole being and reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "Judah" represents the people. AT: "all the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Every person of Judah ... will perish ## +# I have sworn by my great name -AT: "A very large number of the people from Judah ... will perish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Yahweh's "great name" refers to his whole being and reputation. AT: "I have sworn upon myself" or "I have sworn by speaking my powerful name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## by sword and famine ## +# My name will no longer be called upon by the mouths of any of the men of Judah in all the land of Egypt -The "sword" represents those who will die in battle and "famine" represents those who will die of starvation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" represents the whole being of Yahweh. And, "mouth" represents the whole person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "No person of Judah living in the land of Egypt will ever call upon me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# As the Lord Yahweh lives + +"as surely as the Lord Yahweh is alive." The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you transited "As Yahweh lives" [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/01.md). AT: "I solemnly swear" or "I solemnly swear by the Lord Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will perish by sword and famine until they are all finished + +Here "Every person" is a generalization that means "very many people." Also, "sword" represents enemies carrying weapons. AT: "Nearly every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will die. Enemies will kill many of them and many of them will starve to death until there is very few of them left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then the survivors of the sword + +Here "sword" represents enemies carrying weapons. AT: "Then those whom the enemies do not kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/29.md b/jer/44/29.md index 05cee404a3..a7f3d5f699 100644 --- a/jer/44/29.md +++ b/jer/44/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## my words will certainly attack you with disaster ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -AT: "what I have said will happen and you will have a disaster." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## I am about to give over Pharaoh Hophra, king of Egypt, into the hand of his enemies ## +# I am setting against you -AT: "I will allow Pharaoh Hophra's enemies to capture him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "I am opposed to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Hophra ## +# my words will certainly attack you with disaster + +Yahweh causing disaster on the people as he promised is spoken of as if his word would attack them. AT: "what I have said will happen and you will have a disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Look + +"Listen" or "Pay attention" + +# I am about to give Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies and into the hand of those who seek to kill him + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "I will allow the enemies who want to kill Pharaoh Hophra, the king of Egypt, to defeat him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Hophra This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and the ones seeking his life ## +# when I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, his enemy who sought his life -AT: "and the the people who want to kill him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" represents power or control. And, Nebuchadnezzar represents his whole army. The phrase "sought his life" is an idiom that means to want to kill someone. AT: "when I allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar to defeat Zedekiah king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/44/intro.md b/jer/44/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..741c8c8772 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/44/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Jeremiah 44 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### + +The people called Ashtoreth the goddess of the Canaanites, "the queen of heaven." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 44:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../43/intro.md) | [>>](../45/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/45/01.md b/jer/45/01.md index 5a96a4575b..dce92edd87 100644 --- a/jer/45/01.md +++ b/jer/45/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# at Jeremiah's dictation -## Baruch … Neriah ## +"that Jeremiah told him to write" -These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# this was in the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah -## at Jeremiah's dictation ## +This statement can be placed at the beginning of 45:1 as in the UDB. -Baruch wrote down the words that Jeremiah said. +# in the fourth year of Jehoiakim -## in the fourth year of Jehoiakim ## +The words "of the rule" are understood. AT: "in the fourth year of the rule of Jehoiakim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -AT: "while Jehoiakim had been ruling Judah for the fourth year." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]]) +# fourth year -## It said ## +The word "fourth" is the ordinal form of the number four. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -AT: "Jeremiah's message to Baruch said" +# he said -## added agony to my pain ## +"Jeremiah said to Baruch" -AT: "caused me great pain" +# for Yahweh has added agony to my pain -## My groaning has wearied me ## +"for I was already suffering and now Yahweh causes me to be sad as well" -AT: "I'm tired from crying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +# My groaning has wearied me + +The abstract noun "groaning" can be stated as "cry." AT: "I am tired because I cry so much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/45/04.md b/jer/45/04.md index c9f176aa21..70ae99cc33 100644 --- a/jer/45/04.md +++ b/jer/45/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## This is what you must say to him ## +# This is what you must say to him Yahweh is telling Jeremiah what to say to Baruch. -## This is true over all the earth ## +# what I built, I am now tearing down. What I planted, I am now pulling up -AT: "This will happen over the entire earth" +Both of these metaphors mean the same thing. Yahweh destroying the people of the nation of Judah is spoken of as if the nation were a building he would tear down or a plant that he will pull up. AT: "this nation is like a building that I built, but I am now tearing down. It is like a plant that I planted, but I am now pulling out of the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## But are you hoping for great things for yourself? ## +# But are you hoping for great things for yourself? -AT: "You do hope for great things for yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to state that he knows Baruch is hoping for others to treat him in a special way. AT: "I know you hope for great things for yourself." or "I know you hope others will honor you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## For see ## +# For see -AT: "Be aware" +"For understand" or "Be aware" -## plunder ## +# disaster is coming on all humanity -things stolen from a place by force +Causing disaster to happen is spoken of as if disaster were something that could travel and arrive at a place. AT: "I will cause all of humanity to experience disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your life as your plunder ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -AT: "I will allow you to live. That will be the best you can hope for." See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# your life as your plunder everywhere you will go + +Allowing Baruch to escape and remain alive is spoken of as if his life were plunder that he would take after a battle. AT: "but wherever you go, I will protect you and allow you to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# plunder + +things stolen from a place by force \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/45/intro.md b/jer/45/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..129a5eca86 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/45/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Jeremiah 45 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter forms a break in the narrative sequence. It records prophecies that have already occurred. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 45:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../44/intro.md) | [>>](../46/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/01.md b/jer/46/01.md index ae06b11177..0e461bdd95 100644 --- a/jer/46/01.md +++ b/jer/46/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## for Egypt ## +# General Information: + +Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah + +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah" or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For Egypt This phrase indicates this message is intended for the nation of Egypt. -## carchemish ## +# Necho -Carchemish is a city on the west bank of the Euphrates. +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## harness ## +# Carchemish -This means to ready a horse for pulling a chariot: a two wheeled wagon of war. +This is the name of a city on the west bank of the Euphrates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## helmet ## +# that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon -This is armor which protects the head in battle. +Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. AT: "that the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## polish the spears ## +# in the fourth year of Jehoiakim + +Here the words "of the reign" are understood and can be added to make the meaning clear. AT: "in the fourth year of the reign of Jehoiakim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the fourth year + +The word "fourth" is the ordinal form of "four." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Put the harness on the horses; mount up on the horses + +A "harness" is a set of straps placed on a horse so that it can pull a chariot. Here "mount up on the horses" means that the soldiers rode in the chariots that the horses were pulling. + +# helmets + +A helmet is armor which protects the head in battle. + +# polish the spears This phrase means to "sharpen" the spear. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/05.md b/jer/46/05.md index 772e5a2911..eb9af44ea1 100644 --- a/jer/46/05.md +++ b/jer/46/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah's vision for Egypt continues. -## What am I seeing here?- ## +# What am I seeing here? -** The word "I" here refer to Yahweh. Yahweh asks this sarcastic question to emphasize what he has said regarding the nation of Egypt has come true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The word "I" here refer to Yahweh. Yahweh uses a question to introduce the vision and to draw attention to what he says next. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Look at what is happening here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## The swift cannot run away, and the soldiers cannot escape. ## +# They are filled with terror -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. AT: "even the swiftest soldier cannot escape." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "terrified." AT: "The Egyptian soldiers are terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Terror is all around + +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "terrifying." AT: "Everything around them is terrifying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the swift cannot run away, and the soldiers cannot escape + +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that no one, not even the strongest and fastest, can escape. The nominal adjective "the swift" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "even the swiftest soldier cannot escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# They stumble in the north and fall beside the Euphrates River + +Both statements mean the same thing. Being and dying in battle is spoken of as if the soldiers stumble and fall. AT: "The Egyptian soldiers suffer defeat and die in the north by the Euphrates River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/07.md b/jer/46/07.md index fe4dd3efce..0ade4cdd75 100644 --- a/jer/46/07.md +++ b/jer/46/07.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah continues quoting Yahweh's declaration to the nation of Egypt. -## Who is this who rises like the Nile,... ## +# Who is this who rises like the Nile ... the rivers? -AT: "Egypt rises like the Nile,..." Yahweh asks this question to draw the listener's attention to the nation of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to draw attention to what he is about to say concerning Egypt. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Look at who rises like the Nile ... the rivers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Egypt rises like the Nile ## +# Egypt rises like the Nile -Egypt's army is being compared to the destruction caused by the flooding Nile River. +The Nile river floods its banks once a year, covering the surrounding area with water. Yahweh compares the kingdom of Egypt to the Nile because the Egyptian people think they are mighty enough to destroy cities in all the lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## It says ## +# Egypt rises ... I will -Here the nation of Egypt is speaking like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here "Egypt" represents all the people of Egypt. AT: "The Egyptians rise ... We will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## ‘I will go up; I will cover the earth. I will destroy cities and their inhabitants.’​ ## +# Go up, horses. Be angry, you chariots -"I" is nation of Egypt that is proudly declaring that its armies will destroy the earth like a flood. +Here "horses" and "chariots" represent the soldiers who use horses and chariots in battle. The leaders of Egypt are ordering their soldiers to start the battle. AT: "Go up to battle, you soldiers on horses. Fight furiously, you soldiers in chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Go up, horses. Be angry, you chariots.​ ## +# Let the soldiers go out, Cush and Put, men skillful with a shield -Yahweh commands the horses and chariots as if they were people. Both the words "horses" and "chariots" are referring to parts of chariots in battle. These phrases are commanding the chariot drivers to charge into battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"You soldiers from Cush and Put, who are skillful with their shields, go out to battle" -## Cush, Put, and Ludim ## +# Cush ... Put -These are Biblical names for the countries of Ethiopia, Libya, and Lydia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are biblical names for the countries of Ethiopia and Libya. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## bending the bow ## +# Ludim, men skillful at bending their bows -This phrase means to use the bow by pulling the string back with an arrow. \ No newline at end of file +The words "go out to battle" are understood and can be added to make the meaning clear. AT: "you soldiers from Lud, who are skillful with bows and arrows, go out to battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Ludim + +This is the name of the people group from the nation of Lud. Lud is the biblical name for Lydia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# bending their bows + +This phrase means to use the bow by pulling the string back with an arrow. AT: "shooting arrows from their bows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/10.md b/jer/46/10.md index 94f0a25391..1442ee7dea 100644 --- a/jer/46/10.md +++ b/jer/46/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah's quotation of Yahweh's declaration to the nation of Egypt continues. -## That day ## +# That day This phrase refers to the day the Egyptians lose the battle to the Babylonians. -## his foes ## +# for the Lord Yahweh of hosts, and he will avenge himself on his foes -This word means enemies of Yahweh. +Yahweh speaks of himself in third person. This can be stated in first person. AT: "for me, Lord Yahweh of hosts, and I will avenge myself on my foes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## sword will devour and be satisfied. It will drink its fill of their blood ## +# The sword will devour and be satisfied. It will drink its fill of their blood -Here the sword is eating as a person would. Both these phrases are saying similar thing and are combined to emphasize that there will be complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This speaks of Yahweh's sword as if it were devouring people and drinking blood. Both these phrases are saying similar thing and are combined to emphasize that there will be complete destruction. AT: "I will completely destroy my enemy. It will be like my sword devours them and gets drunk on their blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## sword will devour ## +# The sword will devour -The word "sword" here represents the army of the nation of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh punishing and killing his enemies is spoken of as if he would use a sword to kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## sacrifice to the Lord Yahweh ## +# For there will be a sacrifice -The "sacrifice" here is the nation of Egypt. AT: "Egypt will be a sacrifice to the Lord Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh avenging himself by causing the Egyptians to lose in battle against the Babylonians is spoken of as if the Egyptian army would be a sacrifice to Yahweh. AT: "For the Egyptians will be like a sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/11.md b/jer/46/11.md index 419f418ff9..88c8bb44b5 100644 --- a/jer/46/11.md +++ b/jer/46/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh finishes his declaration to Egypt. -## virgin daughter of Egypt ## +# Go up to Gilead and obtain medicine -AT: "Unspoiled people of Egypt". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Gilead was a region famous for having people skillful with medicine. Yahweh is mocking the Egyptians by telling them to go get medicine, but he knows it will not help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## disgrace - ## +# virgin daughter of Egypt -** This word means a condition of feeling ashamed or the loss of respect. +The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the virgin daughter of Egypt. AT: "people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The earth is filled with your laments​ ## +# disgrace -AT: everyone can hear your crying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This word means a condition of feeling ashamed or the loss of respect. + +# The earth is filled with your laments + +Here "earth" is a metonym for the people of the earth and a generalization for the people who know what has happened to Egypt. All the people of the earth hearing the Egyptians crying is spoken of as if their laments filled the earth. AT: "All the people of the earth hear you crying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for soldier stumbles against soldier; both of them fall together + +Soldiers dying in battle is spoken of as if they were stumbling and falling down. AT: "for your soldiers die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/13.md b/jer/46/13.md index 590ab0889d..328f3ce725 100644 --- a/jer/46/13.md +++ b/jer/46/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Migdol, Memphis, and Tahpanhes ## +# when Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon -These are important military cities in Egypt. Memphis was the capitol city of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. AT: "when the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the sword is devouring all around you ## +# the land of Egypt -The word "sword" here represents the army of Babylon. The phrase "the sword is devouring" is "causing destruction." AT: "the army of Babylon is causing destruction." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "land" represents the people. AT: "the people of Egypt" or "the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Migdol + +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 44:1](../44/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Memphis ... Tahpanhes + +Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the sword will devour those around you + +The word "sword" here represents soldiers carrying weapons. The enemy soliders killing people is spoken of as if their swords were devouring people. AT: "your enemies will kill people all around you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/15.md b/jer/46/15.md index ccc2e69f95..896af22dba 100644 --- a/jer/46/15.md +++ b/jer/46/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Why has your god Apis run away? ## +# Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand -AT: "Your god Apis has run away." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Some Bibles translate this as "Why has Apis fled? Why did your bull not stand?" Apis was an Egyptian god that was represented by the form of a bull. The bull is often a symbol for strength. That is why the ULB and other versions of the Bible translate this as "strong ones" or "mighty ones" which refers to soldiers. -## Apis ## +# Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand -This is one of the chief gods of Egypt. Here "Apis" represents "strength you trust" (UDB) of the nation of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh uses a question to mock the strength of the Egyptian soldiers. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Your soldiers are face-down on the ground and will not stand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why is your bull-god not standing? ## +# He increases the numbers of those who stumble -god not standing?** - AT: "Your bull-god is unable to stand." Apis was represented in idols as a bull. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"Yahweh causes more and more of your soldiers to stumble" -## Yahweh has thrown him down ## +# Let us leave this sword that is beating us down -AT: "Yahweh has defeated Apis, your bull-god." +Here "sword" represents the enemy soldiers who are carrying weapons. AT: "Let us run away from our enemies because they are killing us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## this sword that is beating us down ## +# They proclaimed there -Here "sword" refers to the army of the nation of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "they" refers to people in general who are in Egypt or 2) "they" refers to the foreign soldiers who are fleeing to their native lands of Cush, Put, and Lud. -## Pharaoh the king of Egypt is only a noise, one who has let his opportunity slip away ## +# Pharaoh the king of Egypt is only a noise, one who has let his opportunity slip away -These two phrases are saying that the nation of Egypt has become of little importance. AT: "Pharaoh brags much but cannot do what he brags he will." \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases are saying that the nation of Egypt has become of little importance. The phrase "only a noise" is an idiom that means a person says he will do something but he does not do it. AT: "Pharaoh brags much but cannot do what he brags he will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/18.md b/jer/46/18.md index b74ef3f740..3904a481b4 100644 --- a/jer/46/18.md +++ b/jer/46/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## someone will come who is like Mount Tabor and Mount Carmel by the sea ## +# As I live -This refers to the nation of Babylon who will be as overwhelming to the nation of Egypt as the these two mountains are to the plains that surround them. +"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Get ready for yourselves your baggage ## +# declares the King -AT: "prepare to travel" +Here "King" refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. AT: "this is what I, the King, declare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Memphis will become a horror and a ruin ## +# someone will come like Mount Tabor and Mount Carmel by the sea -Both these phrase are saying basically the same thing, that the capital of the nation of Egypt will be completely destroyed. (See: [:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the nation of Babylon who will be as overwhelming to the nation of Egypt as the these two mountains are to the plains that surround them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Mount Tabor + +This is the name of a mountain in the northern part of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Pack for yourselves baggage to carry into exile + +"Prepare to go into exile" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/20.md b/jer/46/20.md index a1acc6ac4e..902c1e3c2c 100644 --- a/jer/46/20.md +++ b/jer/46/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Egypt is a very beautiful young cow ## +# Egypt is a very beautiful young cow -The nation of Egypt is being compared to a beautiful young female cow. It is possible that this comparison is made to have Egypt be the mate of the bull-god Apis. AT: "Egypt is like a very beautiful heifer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The nation of Egypt, which was very strong and prosperous, is spoken of as if it were a beautiful young cow. AT: "Egypt is like a very beautiful heifer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## stinging insect ## +# but a stinging insect -This refers the army of the nation of Babylon. A stinging insect would cause painful sores but would otherwise not cause permanent harm to the animal stung. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The enemy army coming to attack the Egyptians is spoken of as if the army were an insect that stings. AT: "but a powerful army like a stinging insect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## soldiers in her midst are like a fattened bull ## +# soldiers in her midst are like a fattened bull -The writer compares soldiers to "fattened bulls" because the soldiers are well cared for and readied for slaughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer compares soldiers to "fattened bulls" because the soldiers are well cared for by the Egyptians just as a farmer takes care of a bull and makes it fat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## They will not stand together ## +# They will not stand together -The writer is saying that the soldiers will not fight as a unit but will run away thinking only of saving themselves. +To "stand together" is an idiom meaning to remain united. The writer is saying that the soldiers will not fight as a unit but will run away thinking only of saving themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Egypt hisses like a snake and crawls away ## +# the day of their disaster is coming against them -The writer is saying that the nation of Egypt is like snakes that can do nothing but hiss and crawl away in fear when woodcutters disturb their nest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of a day as if it travels and arrives in a location. AT: "they will experience disaster on that day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Egypt hisses like a snake and crawls away + +The inability of the Egyptians to do anything to stop their enemy is spoken of as if they were snakes that can only hiss and crawl away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# They are going toward her like woodcutters with axes + +The enemies coming with the weapons to destroy the Egyptians is spoken of as if they were woodcutters with axes preparing to cut down a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/23.md b/jer/46/23.md index 2127b01d2f..a1d65617e6 100644 --- a/jer/46/23.md +++ b/jer/46/23.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## They will cut down the forests ## +# They will cut down the forests ... although it is very dense -The invading army will be like woodcutters cutting down a whole forest. AT: "The Babylonian army will cut down the cities of Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This continues speaking of the enemy army attacking the Egyptians as if the army were woodcutters cutting down trees. AT: "The enemy army will kill many Egyptians like woodcutters cutting down a forest ... even though there are very many trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -This refers to the army of the nation of Babylon invading Egypt. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## this is Yahweh's declaration ## - -AT: "This is what Yahwah says" (See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md)) - -## it is very dense ## - -This refers to the very large number and closeness of cities in Egypt - -## locusts ## +# locusts This is a type of insect that travels in very large groups and can cause great destruction by eating crops. -## daughter... will be made ashamed ## +# unable to be counted -Jeremiah is saying that the people of Egypt will be shamed before the nations and especially because the women and girls will be violated by the soldiers of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will be able to count them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the hand of people from the north ## +# The daughter of Egypt will be made ashamed -Here this phrase means, "the power of the nation of Babylon that comes from the north." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Egypt. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy army will humiliate the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# She will be given into the hand of people from the north + +Here "hand" represents power or control. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I, Yahweh, will allow the people from the north to defeat the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/25.md b/jer/46/25.md index b878488516..785377f20a 100644 --- a/jer/46/25.md +++ b/jer/46/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Amon of Thebes ## +# Amon of Thebes -"Amon" is the king of the Egyptian gods. "Thebes" is the capital of Egypt, and here represents the entire Egyptian empire. AT: "Amon, god over all of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Amon" is the king of the Egyptian gods. "Thebes" is the capital of the northern part of Egypt, and here it represents the people of Thebes. AT: "Amon, god of Thebes" or "Amon, god of the people of Thebes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I am giving them... into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants ## +# Egypt and her gods -Here Nebuchadnezzar represents the whole nation of Babylon, and his "hand" represents "control." AT: "Yahweh is giving control of Egypt to the nation of Babylon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "Egypt" represents the people. AT: "all the people of Egypt and the gods they worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Then after this Egypt will be inhabited as in previous days ## +# I am giving them into the hand of the ones seeking their lives -AT: "After the punishment of Yahweh, the nation of Egypt will return to being an independent nation." +Here "hand" represents power or control. The phrase "seeking their lives" is an idiom that mean to want to kill someone. AT: "I will allow those who are wanting to kill them to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## this is Yahweh's declaration ## +# and into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:9](../01/09.md) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" represents power or control. "Nebuchadnezzar ... his servants" names specifically "the ones seeking their lives." AT: "that is, I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants to defeat the Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then after this Egypt will be inhabited + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then after this, people will live in Egypt again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/27.md b/jer/46/27.md index 0e165bd60f..12853409ac 100644 --- a/jer/46/27.md +++ b/jer/46/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## my servant Jacob, do not fear. Do not be dismayed, Israel ## +# my servant Jacob, do not fear. Do not be dismayed, Israel -These two phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Both "Jacob" and "Israel" here represent the nation of Israel.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing. Here "Jacob" and "Israel" represent the people of Israel. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people should not be afraid. AT: "people of Israel, my servants, do not be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## this is Yahweh's declaration ## +# from the land of their captivity -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +"from the land where they are captives" -## will certainly not leave you unpunished ## +# I will bring complete destruction against all the nations -"will certainly punish you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "destruction" can be stated using the verb "destroy." AT: "I will completely destroy all the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# will certainly not leave you unpunished + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "will certainly punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/46/intro.md b/jer/46/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9923f7cc6b --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/46/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Jeremiah 46 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set quotations apart. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 46:3-12, 14-24, which comprise extended quotations. + +This begins a section where Jeremiah prophesies about other nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Justice ##### +Much of Jeremiah is concerned with Yahweh's punishment of Judah. Yahweh used Egypt to punish Judah. Because Yahweh is just, he is going to punish Egypt for their evil deeds as well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Battle preparations ##### +Jeremiah commands the Egyptian army to prepare for battle, even though they will not be able to defend themselves. Their punishment has already been determined by Yahweh. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 46:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../45/intro.md) | [>>](../47/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/47/01.md b/jer/47/01.md index 725c903a89..0eecca4389 100644 --- a/jer/47/01.md +++ b/jer/47/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## See ## +# This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah -The word "See" alerts us to pay attention to what is about to be said. +The idiom "the word of Yahweh that came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah" or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## floods of water are rising in the north; they will be like an overflowing river ## +# This word came to him -The two phrases have similar meaning and are combined for emphasis. The "waters" and "river" both represent the army coming from the north (probably the Babylonians). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The idiom "this word came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave this message to Jeremiah" or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## they will overflow the land ## +# before Pharaoh -"they" refers to the army from the north. \ No newline at end of file +Here "Pharaoh" represents the Egyptians army. AT: "before Pharaoh's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# See + +The word "see" alerts us to pay attention to what is about to be said. + +# floods of water are rising in the north. They will be like an overflowing river! + +The two phrases have a similar meaning. The enemy army is spoken of as if it were a flood. AT: "an army in the north will come like a flood. They will be powerful like an overflowing river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will overflow the land + +This continues speaking of the army from the north as an overflowing river. AT: "like an overflowing river, the army from the north will destroy the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/47/03.md b/jer/47/03.md index 3160ce170c..9ee2c1cdee 100644 --- a/jer/47/03.md +++ b/jer/47/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the sound of the stamping... hooves,... the roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels ## +# At the sound of the stamping of their strong horses' hooves, at the roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels -Together these represent the sounds of an oncoming army, and combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Together these represent the sounds of an oncoming army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels ## +# at the roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels -These two phrase have similar meanings and combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrase have similar meanings and they are combined to emphasize the loud noise they will make. AT: "at the very loud sound of the wheels of the chariots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Caphtor ## +# For the day is coming that will devastate all of the Philistines, to cut off from Tyre -This is the name of an island of the northern region of the Philistines. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of a day as if it were something that travels and arrives in a place. AT: "For on that day, the enemy army will devastate all of the Philistines and cut off from Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to cut off from Tyre and Sidon every survivor who wants to help them + +Removing someone is spoken of as if they were cut off the way a person may cut a branch from a tree or a piece of cloth from a garment. AT: "to remove anyone who may want to help Tyre and Sidon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Caphtor + +This is the name of an island of the northern region of the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/47/05.md b/jer/47/05.md index 853f3ede41..a50e62b159 100644 --- a/jer/47/05.md +++ b/jer/47/05.md @@ -1,31 +1,51 @@ -## Baldness ## +# Baldness will come upon Gaza -The shaving of the entire head or portions of the head is a sign of great sorrow practiced by idol worshipers in nations such as Philistia. +The abstract noun "baldness" can be stated as "bald." "Gaza" represents the people. AT: "The people of Gaza will shave their heads bald" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the people... will be made silent. ## +# Baldness -AT: "The people... will be killed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The shaving of the entire head or portions of the head is a sign of great sorrow practiced by idol worshipers in nations such as Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## How long will you cut yourself in mourning ## +# the people ... will be made silent -The cutting of one's skin was another practice done by the idol worshipers when they mourn the dead. +Possible meanings are 1) the people will be silent because they are mourning or 2) this is a euphemism that means the enemy soldiers will kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## sword of Yahweh ## +# How long will you cut yourself in mourning? -This phrase refers to the army from the north which Yahweh is using to punish the Philistines. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people will cut themselves in mourning. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You will cut yourselves in mourning." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## How long will it be until you become silent ## +# cut yourself in mourning -The people of Philistines use this question to express their deep frustration about the devastation caused by their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The cutting of one's skin was another practice done by the idol worshipers when they mourn the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## you ## +# Woe ... be silent -This refers to the sword of Yahweh as if it was a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The Philistines seem to be speaking here. AT: "The Philistines say, 'Woe ... be silent'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Scabbard ## +# sword of Yahweh! How long will it be until you become silent? Go back to your scabbard! Stop and be silent. -The case used to protect the blade of a sword. +The Philistines speak to the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person that could hear them. AT: "Yahweh who is holding his sword! When will you stop striking us with your sword? Stop your sword and put it back in its scabbard!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## How can you be quiet, for Yahweh has commanded you ## +# sword of Yahweh -The word "you" refers to the "sword of Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army from the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking them with a sword. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# How long will it be until you become silent? + +The people of the Philistines use this question to express their deep frustration about the devastation caused by their enemies. This may be translated as a statement. AT: "Please be silent!" or "Please, Yahweh, stop striking us with your sword!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you become silent + +A sword makes a noise as it slashes back and forth. Asking the sword to be silent means to ask it to stop slashing and killing. AT: "you rest" or "you stop slashing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# scabbard + +This is the case used to protect the blade of a sword. + +# How can you be quiet ... along the sea + +Here Jeremiah is speaking. He continues speaking to the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person that could hear him. Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army of the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking the people with a sword. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# How can you be quiet, for Yahweh has commanded you + +Jeremiah uses a question to mean that the sword cannot stop since Yahweh has commanded it to continue killing. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot stop, for Yahweh has commanded you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/47/intro.md b/jer/47/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c940fd5933 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/47/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Jeremiah 47 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 47:2-7, which is an extended quotation. + +Jeremiah's prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Flood waters ##### +This chapter uses the imagery of a flood to describe the enemies who conquer the Philistines. Their destruction will be swift and complete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 47:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../46/intro.md) | [>>](../48/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/01.md b/jer/48/01.md index 48b63b6884..b6cf0722ad 100644 --- a/jer/48/01.md +++ b/jer/48/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,47 @@ -## Nebo ## +# General Information: -This is the name of one of the mountains in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Kiriathaim ## +# To Moab -This is the name of a city in Moab. +Here "Moab" represents the people. AT: "To the people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Kiriathaim has been captured and humiliated. ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -"The enemy has captured the city of Kiriathaim and its people can no longer be proud of it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## The honor of Moab is no more ## +# Woe to Nebo, for it has been devastated -This means that the respect that Moab enjoyed in the past will be gone. +Here "Nebo" represents the people. AT: "How terrible it is for the people of Nebo, for their city is devastated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Heshbon ## +# Nebo -This is the name of the royal city of the king of the Amorites. +This is the name of a city near Mount Nebo in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Madmen will also perish ## +# Kiriathaim has been captured and humiliated -"Madman" is a town in Moab. "Their enemies will destroy the city of Madman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "Kiriathaim has been ... humiliated" represents the people being humiliated. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy has captured the city of Kiriathaim and humiliated the people who live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## a sword will go after you ## +# Kiriathaim -This means an army will invade Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Her fortress has been crushed and disgraced + +Here "fortress has been ... disgraced" represents the people being disgraced. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy has destroyed the fortress in Kiriathaim and disgraced its people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The honor of Moab is no more + +"People no longer honor Moab" or "People no longer praise Moab" + +# Heshbon + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Madmen will also perish + +"Madmen" is a town in Moab. The name of the city has nothing to do with the English word "madmen." AT: "Their enemies will destroy the city of Madmen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# a sword will go after you + +Here "sword" represents the enemy army carrying weapons. AT: "your enemies will chase after you and kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/03.md b/jer/48/03.md index 410dc0bbdc..1a70ed86b1 100644 --- a/jer/48/03.md +++ b/jer/48/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah continues to tell of the destruction of Moab. -## Horonaim ## +# Horonaim This is the name of a town in the south of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## ruin and great destruction ## +# ruin and great destruction -These two terms mean the same thing. They are used together to suggest widespread or complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two terms mean the same thing. Together they emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Her children ## +# Moab has been destroyed -This refers to the people of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy army has destroyed Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Luhith ## +# Her children -This is the name of a place in Moab. +Possible meanings are 1) the children who lived in Moab or 2) "children" is a metonym that represents the people of Moab in general. AT: "The people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## because of the destruction ## +# Luhith -AT: "because of the destruction of the town". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# because of the destruction + +The abstract noun "destruction" can be stated as "destroyed." AT: "because their town is destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/06.md b/jer/48/06.md index f03582b9c4..95b8f87c61 100644 --- a/jer/48/06.md +++ b/jer/48/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## save your lives - ## +# Save your lives -** The word "your" refers to the people of Moab. +The word "your" refers to the people of Moab. -## become like juniper trees ## +# become like a juniper bush in the wilderness -The people who escape the destruction in the city are compared to a tree which survives the harsh conditions in the desert and has green leaves all year. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The people fleeing from their cities into the desert is compared to a bush or shrub that grows in the desert. AT: "become like a shrub that grows in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## trust in your practices ## +# because of your trust -AT: "to live by following the customs and teachings of your religion" +The abstract noun "trust" can be stated as a verb. AT: "because you trusted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Chemosh ## +# in your practices -"Chemosh" is the chief god of the Moabites. Here "Chemosh" represents the nation of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"in your own efforts" or "in your own work" + +# you also will be captured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the enemy army will also capture you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then Chemosh will go away into captivity + +"Chemosh" is the chief god of the Moabites. This means the enemy army will take the idol of Chemosh that the people made to worship. AT: "The enemy army will take your god Chemosh as a captive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/08.md b/jer/48/08.md index 72edffb104..92350388b8 100644 --- a/jer/48/08.md +++ b/jer/48/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## the valley will perish and the plain will be devastated ## +# For the destroyer will come to every city -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. AT: "Towns in the valleys and on the plains will all be destroyed, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here "the destroyer" represents the enemy army. AT: "For the enemy army will come to every city and destroy it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Give wings to Moab ## +# no city will escape -This command is an exaggeration, because no one can put wings on people. Also, the idea of flying away represents the idea of rapidly running away. AT: "Help the people of Moab escape," "It would be good if the people of Moab had wings and could fly away." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "city" represents the people. AT: "no people from any city will escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## shedding blood ## +# So the valley will perish and the plain will be devastated -AT: "killing people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "valley" and "plain" represent the cities and the people in those places AT: "So the enemy army will destroy everything in the valleys and on the plains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Give wings to Moab, for she must certainly fly away + +Helping the people is spoken of as if they would put wings on the people so that could fly away. AT: "Help the people of Moab to escape as if you were giving them wings to fly away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Give wings to Moab, for she must certainly fly away + +The translation of the original language is uncertain. Some Bibles translate this as "Set up a tombstone for Moab, for the enemy will certainly destroy it." Other Bibles translate it as "Put salt on the cities of Moab, for the enemy will completely destroy it." Enemies through salt on ruins to keep thing from ever growing there again. + +# from shedding blood + +Here "blood" represents a person's life. And "shedding blood" is an idiom that means to kill. AT: "from killing people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/11.md b/jer/48/11.md index 4cd4565022..4a6e54e762 100644 --- a/jer/48/11.md +++ b/jer/48/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Moab has felt secure since he was young ## +# Moab has felt secure since he was young ... He is ... his wine ... send him -Here "he" refers to the entire nation of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of "he," "his," and "him" in 48:11-12 can be stated as "they," "their," or "them." AT: "Even from their earliest times, the people of Moab have always felt secure ... They are ... their wine ... send them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## He is like his wine that has never been poured from pot to pot ## +# He is like his wine that has never been poured from pot to pot -The word "he" is the nation of Moab. The nation of Moab is being compared to wine that has not been exiled from its land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +For wine to taste good, it has to be left undisturbed for a long time and not poured from one pot to another. Yahweh compares the people of Moab, who are prosperous because no one has ever conquered them and taken them as captives, to wine that is undisturbed and has a good flavor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Therefore he tastes as good as ever; his flavor remains unchanged ## +# So see, the days are coming -These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"Listen carefully because there will be a time" -## So see, the days are coming ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -"Listen carefully because soon" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## this is Yahweh’s declaration ## +# I will send him those who will tip him over and pour out all his pots and shatter his jars -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). - -## tip him over and pour out all his pots and shatter his jars ## - -These two phrase are saying similar things and are combined for emphasis. Both of them refer to the oncoming destruction of the nation of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The enemy army defeating the people of Moab and taking them as captives is spoken of as if the people of Moab are wine and someone will come and pour them out and break the wine jars. AT: "I will send an army that will destroy them as if they were pouring out wine and breaking the jars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/13.md b/jer/48/13.md index f6e8a25f53..c4657dfd26 100644 --- a/jer/48/13.md +++ b/jer/48/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## How can you say ## +# Then Moab -The word "you" means the Moabite soldiers. +Here "Moab" represents the people. AT: "Then the people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## How can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men’?" ## +# Chemosh -How can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men’?" AT: "No longer can you say, 'We are soldiers, powerful fighting men.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Chemosh is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:7](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). AT: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Bethel + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the city of Bethel where the Israelites worshiped a golden calf or 2) Bethel is the name of a false god the Israelites worshiped. + +# How can you say, 'We are soldiers, powerful fighting men'? + +Here Yahweh is speaking to the soldiers of Moab. Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the soldiers. AT: "No longer can you say, 'We are soldiers, powerful fighting men.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/15.md b/jer/48/15.md index cb42e9e692..cc4928755e 100644 --- a/jer/48/15.md +++ b/jer/48/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## its finest young men have gone down to the place of slaughter. ## +# Moab will be devastated and its cities attacked -AT: "Their fine young men will all be slaughtered." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy army will devastate Moab and attack its cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Moab's disaster is soon to happen; calamity is hurrying quickly ## +# its finest young men have gone down to the place of slaughter -These two sentences mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The best men of Moab going to battle and being killed is spoken of as if they were animals taken to a place to be slaughtered. AT: "their fine young men will all be slaughtered" or "the enemy army will kill all of the finest men of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the strong staff, the honored rod ## +# This is the king's declaration -These two phrases are referring to Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "king" refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 46:18](../46/18.md). AT: "This is what I, the king, declare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Moab's disaster is soon to happen; calamity is hurrying quickly + +These two sentences mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Moab's destruction will happen very soon. AT: "Moab's enemies will destroy her very soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# calamity is hurrying quickly + +Something terrible happening soon is spoken of as if calamity were something that could move quickly to a place. AT: "terrible things will happen very soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the strong staff, the honored rod, has been broken + +Here the words "staff" and "rod" represent the power and political support that Moab provided to other nations. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moab's enemies have ended her great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/18.md b/jer/48/18.md index 464ea6ad7a..c8cd77ebee 100644 --- a/jer/48/18.md +++ b/jer/48/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## sit on the dry ground, you daughter living in Dibon ## +# you daughter living in Dibon -The word "daughter" refers to the people of Dibon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The people of Dibon are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Dibon. AT: "you people living in Dibon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## one who will destroy Moab ## +# Dibon -AT: "the enemies of the people of Moab" +This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Ask the ones ## +# the one who will destroy Moab -AT: "ask the people" or "ask the men and women" +"the enemy army that will destroy Moab" -## Howl and lament ## +# Aroer -AT: “cry loudly in pain and anger” \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ask the ones + +"Ask the people" or "Ask the men and women" + +# Moab has been shamed, for it has been shattered + +Here "Moab" represents the people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people are disgraced, for the enemy army has destroyed Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Howl and lament + +"Cry loudly in pain and anger" + +# that Moab has been devastated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the enemy army has devastated Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/21.md b/jer/48/21.md index e97454480b..3560dbb8e9 100644 --- a/jer/48/21.md +++ b/jer/48/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Holon, Jachzah, and Mephaath … Bozrah ## +# punishment has come to the hill country, to Holon ... to all the cities + +Yahweh punishing the people of the hill country and cities of Moab is spoken of as if punishment were something that could travel and arrive in a place. AT: "Yahweh will punish the people of the hill country, of Holon ... of all the cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Holon, Jahzah, and Mephaath ... Bozrah These are cities in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## The horn of Moab has been hacked off; its arm has been broken ## +# The horn of Moab has been hacked off; its arm has been broken -Both 'horn' and 'arm' mean the same thing. They mean that Moab has been injured. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Here "horn" and "arm" represent power. To have these hacked off or broken means to lose one's power. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moab has become weak; the people are not able to fight anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/26.md b/jer/48/26.md index b043edc0e4..5bfc68a48c 100644 --- a/jer/48/26.md +++ b/jer/48/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Make him drunk ## +# Make him drunk, because he acted proudly against Yahweh -The judgments which God sends upon Moab shall allow the country to be scorned by his enemies, just as a drunken man is the object of men’s laughter and mocking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh is speaking. The command "Make him drunk" indicates what Yahweh will cause to happen. Here "him" and "he" refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. AT: "I, Yahweh, will cause the people of Moab to be drunk, for they acted proudly against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Now Moab claps his hands in disgust at his own vomit, so he also has become an object for laughter ## +# Make him drunk -God continues to compare Moab to a drunken man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here people experiencing Yahweh's punishment is spoken of as if they were drunk on wine, acting foolishly so that people laugh at them. AT: "I will cause you to be like a drunk person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For did Israel not become an object for laughter to you? ## +# Let Moab wallow in his vomit ... an object for laughter -AT: "For you used to laugh at and mock My people in the kingdom of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Moab as if they were a drunk person. AT: "Now the people of Moab will be like a person who wallows in his vomit ... an object for laughter (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Was he found among thieves, that you shook your head at him as often as you spoke about him? ## +# let him be an object of ridicule -AT: "Although they were thieves, they were never caught. You shook your head at them scornfully and despised them . (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"so that people will laugh at him" + +# For did not Israel become an object for laughter to you? + +Yahweh uses a question to remind the people of Moab how they treated the people of Israel. AT: "For you used to mock and laugh at the people of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Israel ... Was he found ... at him ... about him + +Here "Israel" represents the people of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel ... Were they found ... at them ... about them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Was he found among thieves, so that you shook your head ... about him? + +Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people of Moab for treating the people of Israel with shame though they did nothing wrong. AT: "Although they were not thieves, you still shook your head ... about him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# shook your head at him + +This is a symbolic action that shows feeling of scorn or disgust towards someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/28.md b/jer/48/28.md index fb725e994f..2060777832 100644 --- a/jer/48/28.md +++ b/jer/48/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## cliff ## +# cliffs -a steep side of a mountain +A cliff is a steep side of a mountain. -## the mouth of a hole in the rocks ## +# Become like a dove ... in the rocks -This refers to an opening in the rocks, such as the entrance to a cave. +This simile emphasizes the people should leave their cities and live in the rocky cliffs to hide from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## arrogance, haughtiness, pride, self-glory, conceit in his heart ## +# the mouth of a hole in the rocks -glory, conceit in his heart** - All of these words have similar meanings. They are used together to emphasize the extreme pride of the people of Moab. \ No newline at end of file +Here "mouth of a hole" is an idiom that means the entrance to a cave. AT: "the entrance to caves" or "an opening in the rocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# We have heard + +Here "We" refers generally to all the people in the surrounding area. + +# arrogance ... haughtiness ... pride ... self-glory ... conceit in his heart + +All of these words have similar meanings. They are used together to emphasize the extreme pride of the people of Moab. + +# the conceit in his heart + +Here "heart" represents a person's inner being. AT: "his conceit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/30.md b/jer/48/30.md index 34f4019af2..2ccbccf261 100644 --- a/jer/48/30.md +++ b/jer/48/30.md @@ -1,23 +1,47 @@ -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# This is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "This is what Yahweh has declared" or "This is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## defiant ## +# I myself know his defiant speech -to refuse to obey someone or an instruction, sometimes because of pride +The word "myself" is used to emphasize that Yahweh was the one who knew about Moab's defiant speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## I will howl a lament for Moab, and I will shout in sorrow for all of Moab ## +# his defiant speech ... like his deeds -Jeremiah is saying the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here "his" refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. AT: "their defiant speech ... like their deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## howl ## +# his defiant speech + +The abstract noun "speech" can be stated as a verb. AT: "that he has spoken pridefully" or "that he has spoken arrogant words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will howl a lament for Moab, and I will shout in sorrow for all of Moab + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. AT: "I will cry loudly for the people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will howl + +Possible meanings are 1) "I" refers to Jeremiah or 2) "I" refers to Yahweh. + +# howl a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain or deep sorrow -## Kir Heresh ## +# Kir Hareseth -This is the name of the old capital city of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of the old capital city of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jazer, Sibmah ## +# Jazer ... Sibmah -These are the names of two towns in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of two towns in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# vine of Sibmah! Your branches passed ... your wine + +The town of Sibmah had many vineyards. Here, Yahweh speaks to the people of Sibmah as if there were a grapevine. AT: "people of Sibmah, who are like a grapevine with branches that passed ... your wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The destroyers have attacked your summer fruit and your wine + +Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Sibmah as if they were a grapevine. AT: "The destroyers have attacked you and have taken the fruit from your vineyards and your wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The destroyers have + +"The enemy army has" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/33.md b/jer/48/33.md index 06f637ee2d..0117033b33 100644 --- a/jer/48/33.md +++ b/jer/48/33.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## celebration and rejoicing have been taken away ## +# So celebration and rejoicing have been taken away from the fruit trees and the land of Moab -AT: "no one will be joyful or happy in Moab now;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The abstract nouns "celebration" and "rejoicing" can be stated as verbs. The phrase "have been taken away" can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Moab will no longer celebrate and rejoice because of their fruit trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I have put an end to ## +# I have put an end to the wine from their winepresses -"I have stopped" +"I have stopped the wine from their winepresses" or "I have stopped the people from making wine" -## They will not tread ## +# I have put an end -The word "they" refers to the wine makers of Moab +Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -## They will not tread ## +# They will not tread -"They will not stomp" \ No newline at end of file +The wine makers would stomp on the grapes to squeeze out the juice. AT: "The wine makers will not stomp the grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/34.md b/jer/48/34.md index 6a3d46ae26..d79e6a8c60 100644 --- a/jer/48/34.md +++ b/jer/48/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Heshbon ## +# Heshbon -This is the name of the royal city of the king of Moab. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Elealeh, Jahaz, Zoar, Horonaim' and Eglath Shelishiyah ## +# Elealeh ... Jahaz ... Zoar ... Horonaim ... Eglath Shelishiyah -These are names of other cities in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of other cities in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Nimrim ## +# Nimrim -This is the name of a stream or river near the Dead Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a stream or river near the Dead Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/36.md b/jer/48/36.md index 60d6b0727b..86fe4b3301 100644 --- a/jer/48/36.md +++ b/jer/48/36.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## my heart is lamenting for Moab like a flute ## +# my heart is lamenting for Moab like a flute -Jeremiah was comparing his feeling to a sad song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "heart" represents the whole person. The person's sad crying is compared to the sad music played on a flute at a funeral. AT: "I cry sadly for Moab. My cries are like the sad music a person plays on a flute at a funeral" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## my heart is lamenting ## +# my heart -The word "heart" refers to the deep emotions felt by Jeremiah. AT: "I am deeply sad for". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "my" refers to Jeremiah or 2) "my" refers to Yahweh. -## Kir Heres ## +# Kir Hareseth -Kir-heres was an ancient capital of Moab, about 18 kilometers (11 miles) east of the Dead Sea (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Kir Hareseth was an ancient capital of Moab. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:31](./30.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## For every head is bald and every beard shaved; incisions are on every hand, and sackcloth is around their waists ## +# For every head is bald and every beard shaved. Incisions are on every hand, and sackcloth is around their waists -These are all things that the people of Moab did when they were mourning or expressing deep sorrow. +These are all things that the people of Moab did when they were mourning or expressing deep sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## incisions ## +# Incisions cuts made on the skin \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/38.md b/jer/48/38.md index df2865370c..2658db6aa6 100644 --- a/jer/48/38.md +++ b/jer/48/38.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## every flat roof ## +# There is mourning everywhere + +The abstract noun "mourning" can be stated as a verb. AT: "There are people mourning everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# every flat roof "every housetop" -## plazas ## +# plazas -open public areas, such as open marketplaces. +open public areas, such as open marketplaces -## For I have destroyed ## +# For I have destroyed The word "I" refers to Yahweh -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## shattered ## +# How it has been shattered! How they howl in their lamenting! -demolished or destroyed +Here "How" begins exclamations. The phrase "has been shattered" can be stated in active form. AT: "I have completely shattered them! They shout loudly and weep!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## howl ## +# howl a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain -## So Moab will become an object of derision ## +# Moab turns its back in shame -AT: "Moab will become a nation that other nearby nations laugh at" \ No newline at end of file +Here Moab represents the people. To turn one's back is a sign of feeling ashamed. AT: "The people of Moab turn their backs in shame" or "The people of Moab are ashamed and will not show their faces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# So Moab will become an object of derision and a terror to all those who are around him + +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "derision" and "terror." AT: "So all the people nearby will be terrified at what happened to the people of Moab and they will mock them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/40.md b/jer/48/40.md index cdc5aabce3..cf2a23e8c9 100644 --- a/jer/48/40.md +++ b/jer/48/40.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the enemy will come flying like an eagle, spreading out his wings ## +# the enemy will come flying like an eagle, spreading out his wings These phrases compare how a powerful army will descend on Moab and conquer it to the way an eagle swoops down to capture its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Kerioth ## +# Kerioth has been captured, and its strongholds have been seized -a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy has captured Kerioth and seized its strongholds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Kerioth has been captured, and its strongholds have been seized ## +# Kerioth -"The enemy has captured Kerioth and seized its strongholds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is a city in Moab. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:24](./21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in that day the hearts of Moab's soldiers ...women in labor ## +# in that day the hearts of Moab's soldiers ... women in birth labor -This phrase compares the fear that will overwhelm the soldiers of Moab to the fear a woman may feel when she is about to give birth to her child. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase compares the fear that will overwhelm the soldiers of Moab to the fear a woman may feel when she is about to give birth to her child. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the hearts of Moab's soldiers will be like the hearts of women in birth labor + +Here "hearts" represent a person's emotions. AT: "Moab's soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/42.md b/jer/48/42.md index f8fd8218b9..ae7c05e08b 100644 --- a/jer/48/42.md +++ b/jer/48/42.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## So Moab will be destroyed ## +# So Moab will be destroyed -AT: "So the enemy will destroy the people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So the enemy will destroy the people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Terror and the pit ## +# Terror and the pit, and a trap are coming on you -Together, these two terms emphasize the deep trouble that the people of Moab will face. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here "coming on you" is an idiom that means "to experience" something. AT: "You will experience the terror, the pit, and a trap" or "You will be terrified, and you will fall into pits and traps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## in the year of ## +# inhabitant of Moab -Here, “year” could be translated as “time” or “season” or “time period.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]]) +Here "inhabitant" means inhabitants in general. AT: "inhabitants of Moab" or "people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# fall into the pit ... caught in the trap + +Here "the pit" and "the trap" represent all the different bad things that will happen to the people. People will run away to escape one bad thing but they will just experience another bad thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in the year of + +Here, "year" could be translated as "time" or "season" or "time period." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/45.md b/jer/48/45.md index 30d12606a0..ec9dfa5b76 100644 --- a/jer/48/45.md +++ b/jer/48/45.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## The ones who flee ## +# The ones who flee This refers to the people who were able to run away during the destruction of Moab. -## the shadow of Heshbon ## +# will stand in the shadow of Heshbon -a safe place within the city of Heshbon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "in the shadow" represents protection or shelter. AT: "will hide in Heshbon for protection" or "will go to Heshbon for shelter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for fire will go out from Heshbon, flame from the middle of Sihon ## +# for fire will go out from Heshbon, flame from the middle of Sihon -These two phrases have similar meaning, and are used together here for emphasis. There will be a fire in the middle of Heshbon, which was the royal city of Sihon, the king of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Moab's destruction will begin and spread out from Heshbon, where King Sihon once lived. AT: because a fire will burn in Heshbon, which is the city where King Sihon lived long ago (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## forehead of Moab and the top of heads of the boastful people ## +# Heshbon -These phrases refer to the people of Heshbon and its prominent leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## forehead ## +# Sihon -the part of the face that is above the eyes, but below the hairline. A symbol of pride. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This is the name of an Amorite king who once ruled over Heshbon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## top of the heads of the boastful people ## +# It will devour the forehead of Moab and the top of the heads of the boastful people -This phrase refers to the prominent people of Moab, such as the princes and leaders. Also a symbol of pride. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "forehead" and "top of the heads" represent the people of Moab as a whole. AT: "It will burn up all the people in Moab who noisily boasted very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# forehead + +the part of the face that is above the eyes, but below the hairline \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/46.md b/jer/48/46.md index ef44a55182..024f8511f9 100644 --- a/jer/48/46.md +++ b/jer/48/46.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Chemosh's people are destroyed ## +# Chemosh's people are destroyed -AT: "The people of Chemosh are destroyed by their enemies" or "The enemies of the people of Chemosh destroyed them". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy army has destroyed the people who worship Chemosh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Chemosh ## +# Chemosh -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 48:6](./06.md) +This is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 48:07](./06.md). -## latter days ## +# your sons are taken as captives and your daughters into captivity -This refers to a time in the future, called the "last days." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the enemy army has taken your sons and daughters as captives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# I will restore the fortunes of Moab -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +"I will cause things to go well for Moab again" or "I will cause Moab to live well again." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). + +# in later days + +"in the future" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# The judgment on Moab ends here + +"That is the end of what Jeremiah prophesied about Moab" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/48/intro.md b/jer/48/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1514f5278a --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/48/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Jeremiah 48 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 48:1-25, 28-33, 39-47, which are extended quotations. + +Jeremiah's prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Obeying Yahweh ##### + +Moab worshiped and served other gods. Despite this, Yahweh expected every nation to worship and serve him and him alone. They were punished because of it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 48:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../47/intro.md) | [>>](../49/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/01.md b/jer/49/01.md index d197f342aa..a5fe3e1fc9 100644 --- a/jer/49/01.md +++ b/jer/49/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## Does Israel have no children? Is there no one to inherit anything in Israel? Why does Molech occupy Gad, and his people live in its cities? ## +# Yahweh says this -AT: "There are plenty of Israelites to inherit the land of Israel. The people who worship the false idol, Molech, should not live in Gad." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## So look ## +# Does Israel have no children? Is there no one to inherit anything in Israel? Why does Molech occupy Gad, and his people live in its cities? -This adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Look and listen". +Yahweh uses a question to express that the people of Israel should be living in Gad rather than those who worship Molech. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "There are plenty of Israelites to inherit the land of Israel. The people who worship the false idol, Molech, should not live in Gad." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## days are coming ## +# Why does Molech -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). +Here "Molech" represents the people who worship Molech. AT: "Why do the people who worship Molech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# So look -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +This adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Look and listen" + +# days are coming ... when I will + +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md). AT: "in the future ... I will" or "there will be a time ... when I will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# when I will sound the signal for battle + +Yahweh causing an army to attack is spoken of as if he would sound the signal for the battle to start. AT: "when I will cause the enemy army to sound the signal for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# its villages will be set on fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the enemy army will burn their villages" + +# For Israel will possess those who possessed him + +Here "Israel" represents the people of Israel. "Those" refers to people of Ammon, who represent the land that they took from Israel. AT: "Then the people of Israel will again possess the land that the people of Ammon took away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/03.md b/jer/49/03.md index 20d7c43473..8480fe2f68 100644 --- a/jer/49/03.md +++ b/jer/49/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## Howl ## +# Howl in lament -cry out loud +"Cry loudly and weep" -## daughters of Rabbah ## +# Heshbon -The women in the city of Rabbah +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/01.md). Here "Heshbon" represents the people. AT: "people of Heshbon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Why are you proud of your strength? ## +# for Ai will be devastated -AT: "You should not be so proud because you really are not strong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for your enemies will devastate Ai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Who will come against me? ## +# daughters of Rabbah -"You falsely think that no one can defeat you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "daughters" represent the women who live in Rabbah. AT: "women of Rabbah" or 2) all the people in general are spoken of as if they are the daughters of Rabbah. AT: "people of Rabbah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for Molech is going into captivity + +"for your enemies will take your god Molech captive." This means the enemies will take the idol that represents Molech back to their land. + +# Why do you brag about your valleys ... daughter? + +Yahweh uses a question to scold the people for bragging about the large amount of fruit that grows in their valleys. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Do not be proud of your valleys ... daughter." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why do you brag about your valleys, your valleys that are so fruitful + +Some versions of the Bible read, "Why do you brag about your strength, your strength which is ebbing away" + +# faithless daughter + +Here, the people of Ammon are spoken of as if they were a daughter. AT: "faithless people" or "rebellious people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# say, 'Who will come against me?' + +The Ammonites use this question to state that they do not believe anyone can defeat them. It can be reworded as an indirect statement. AT: "falsely think that no one can defeat you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/05.md b/jer/49/05.md index 99af972efe..cc85c911d8 100644 --- a/jer/49/05.md +++ b/jer/49/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## you ## +# I am about to bring terror on you + +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "terrified." AT: "I am about to cause you to be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you The word "you" refers to the people of Ammon. -## be scattered ## +# this is the declaration of Lord Yahweh of hosts -AT: "go in different directions". +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as you did the similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Lord Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Lord Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# this terror will come from all those who surround you. Each one of you will be scattered before it -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as the verb "terrify." The phrase "will be scattered" can be stated in active form. AT: "I will cause all those around you to terrify you. Each one of you flee to different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will restore the fortunes of the people of Ammon + +"I will cause things to go well for the people of Ammon again" or "I will cause the people of Ammon to live well again." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/07.md b/jer/49/07.md index 64af43248c..59ec171736 100644 --- a/jer/49/07.md +++ b/jer/49/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## Has good advice … Has their wisdom gone away? ## +# Yahweh of hosts says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# Is there no longer any wisdom to be found in Teman? + +Yahweh uses a question to scold the people of Teman for not acting wisely. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Teman + +This is the name of a district in Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Has good advice ... understanding? Has their wisdom become corrupted? The same idea is expressed in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Has good advice disappeared from those who understand things? ## +# Has good advice disappeared from those who have understanding? -AT: "It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman district in Edom!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses this question to scold the people. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman district in Edom!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Has their wisdom gone away? ## +# Has their wisdom become corrupted? -AT: "There are no people left who can give others good advice. The people who were wise have disappeared." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses this question to scold the people. This question may be translated as a statement. AT: "Their advice is no longer wise." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Dedan + +The is the name of a city in Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I am bringing the disaster of Esau on him at the time that I punish him + +Here "Esau" represents the people of Edom. The Edomites were descendants of Esau. AT: "I will cause the people of Edom to experience disaster when I punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on him ... I punish him + +Yahweh is speaking to the people of Edom. This can be stated in second person. AT: "on you ... I punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/09.md b/jer/49/09.md index c07051f2a2..d3f1e08d32 100644 --- a/jer/49/09.md +++ b/jer/49/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom. -## If grape harvesters came… ## +# If grape harvesters ... would they not leave a little bit behind? -AT: "Those who harvest grapes always leave some on the vines." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how grape harvesters leave some grapes behind. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "If grape harvesters ... they would certainly leave some grapes behind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## If thieves came… ## +# If thieves ... would they not steal only as much as they wanted? -AT: "When thieves come at night, they surely steal only as much as they want." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]j \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how thieves only take what they want. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "If thieves ... they would only take as much as they wanted." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But I have stripped Esau bare + +Yahweh causing an enemy army to come and take everything is spoken of as if Yahweh stripped all the clothes off of Esau. AT: "But I have sent an army to take everything away from Esau" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Esau ... his hiding ... he will not ... hide himself ... His children ... he is gone + +Here "Esau" represents the people of Edom. AT: "the people of Edom ... their hiding ... they will not ... hide themselves ... Their children ... they are gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have revealed his hiding places + +"I have made known to the enemy soldiers where the people of Edom hide" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/12.md b/jer/49/12.md index 5c71f017a9..d0618b07c7 100644 --- a/jer/49/12.md +++ b/jer/49/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom. -## See ## +# See -AT: "Look, listen, or pay attention" +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I say" -## drink some of the cup ## +# must certainly drink some of the cup ... for you will certainly drink -AT: "experience punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "the cup" is a metonym that represents the contents in the cup that the people must drink. The people experiencing Yahweh's punishment is spoken of as if Yahweh's punishment were liquid in a cup and the people must drink it. AT: "must certainly experience my punishment ... for you will certainly experience my punishment" or "I will certainly still punish ... for I will certainly punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Do you yourself think you will go without punishment? ## +# Do you yourself think you will go without punishment? -AT: "Certainly, you must be aware that you will personally experience my punishment for your sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize the people of Edom have sinned and will certainly be punished. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Certainly, you must be aware that you will personally experience my punishment for your sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## you, yourself ## +# you yourself -The words "you" and "yourself" refer to Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] +The words "you" and "yourself" refer to Edom, which represents the people of Edom. The word "yourself" is used to draw attention to the people of Edom. AT: "you yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Bozrah will become a horror, a disgrace, a devastation, and an object for cursing + +The abstract nouns "a horror," "a disgrace," and "a devastation" can be translated as verbs. AT: "People will be horrified when they see that the city of Bozrah is devastated. And they will mock the city and use its name when they curse others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Bozrah + +This is the name of a city in Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# All of its cities + +"All of Edom's cities" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/14.md b/jer/49/14.md index e47c3821c8..d659dc61e1 100644 --- a/jer/49/14.md +++ b/jer/49/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah is now speaking to the people of Edom. -## I have heard ## +# I have heard The word "I" refers to Jeremiah. -## attack her ## +# a messenger has been sent out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has sent out a messenger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to the nations, 'Gather together ... for battle.' + +It is understood "Gather together" is the beginning of the messenger's message. AT: "to tell the nations, 'Gather together ... for battle.'" or "to the nations, and he will tell them, 'Gather together ... for battle.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# attack her The word "her" refers to Edom. -## I have made ## +# I have made you -The word "I" refers to Yahweh. +The word "I" refers to Yahweh. Here "you" refers to the nation of Edom. -## you ## +# made you small -The word "you" refers to the nation of Edom. \ No newline at end of file +Here "small" represents having the least political importance. AT: "made you least important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# despised by people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and people despise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/16.md b/jer/49/16.md index d1ce3aa72e..4aa58b95fd 100644 --- a/jer/49/16.md +++ b/jer/49/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom. -## nest high like an eagle ## +# As for your fearsomeness -AT: " live in safety like an eagle in the heights of the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here the abstract noun "fearsomeness" can be translated with either an adjective or a verb. AT: "As for how terrifying you think you are" or "Although you think you scare other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# your heart's pride has deceived you -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" represents the whole person. People deceiving themselves is spoken of as if their pride deceived them. AT: "you have become prideful, but you have deceived yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that you may make your nest high like an eagle + +It is implied that the people made homes in high places to remain safe from enemies. AT: "live in safety like an eagle in the heights of the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# eagle + +This is a very large, powerful bird of prey. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:13](../04/13.md). + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/17.md b/jer/49/17.md index d34667b2ee..b6b135ac92 100644 --- a/jer/49/17.md +++ b/jer/49/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Edom. -## tremble and hiss ## +# Edom will become a horror to everyone passing by it -AT: "shake from fear and speak of their displeasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The abstract noun "horror" can be stated using the verb "horrified." AT: "The people passing by will be horrified when they what happened to Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah ## +# tremble and hiss -AT: "in the way Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The word "hiss" refers to a sound that shows horror or awe. AT: "shake from fear and gasp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## no one will live there; no person will stay there ## +# no one will live there; no person will stay there -Yahweh says the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh says the same thing twice to emphasize that Edom will be completely uninhabited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/19.md b/jer/49/19.md index 41a8ae8b7f..86345d24e1 100644 --- a/jer/49/19.md +++ b/jer/49/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom. -## See ## +# See -AT: "Look, listen, pay attention". +"Look" or "Listen" -## like a lion ## +# he will go up like a lion from the forests of the Jordan to the green pasturelands -This is another way of saying that the attack will be fierce and unexpected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in first person. AT: "When I punish the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of forest and attacks sheep in the pasture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## For who is like me, and who will summon me? ## +# pasturelands -Yahweh uses the question to point out the smallness of humans. AT:" No one is like me, no one orders me around". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass. -## summon ## +# Edom run from it -"order someone to come" +Here "Edom" represents the people. "It" refers to the land. AT: "the people of Edom will run from their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## What shepherd is able to resist me? ## +# who will be chosen -Yahweh uses the question to show no one can defeat him. "Shepherd" here is a metaphor for "king," "ruler." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom I will choose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For who is like me, and who will summon me? + +Yahweh uses the question to emphasize that no one is like him. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "For no one is like me, no one can summon me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who will summon me + +"who will challenge me" or "who will call me to account" + +# What shepherd is able to resist me? + +Yahweh uses the question to show no one can defeat him. Here "shepherd" is a metaphor for "king" or "ruler." This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No king is able to resist me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/20.md b/jer/49/20.md index c4460f7523..61e668e9c6 100644 --- a/jer/49/20.md +++ b/jer/49/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the inhabitants of Teman ## +# the inhabitants of Teman -the people who live in Teman +"the people who live in Teman" -## They will certainly be dragged away, even the smallest flock ## +# Teman -AT: "He will drag them away, even the smallest flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 49:7](./07.md). -## Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places ## +# They will certainly be dragged away, even the smallest flock -AT: "He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Edom as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will drag them away, even the smallest flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## pastureland ## +# even the smallest flock -a piece of land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass. \ No newline at end of file +Here the youngest and weakest people of Edom are spoken of as if they are the smallest flock of sheep. AT: "even the weakest and the smallest people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places + +Here the land of Edom is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places" or "He will completely get rid of the people who live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/21.md b/jer/49/21.md index 77d05c4019..47d1974917 100644 --- a/jer/49/21.md +++ b/jer/49/21.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## their ## +# At the sound of their falling the earth shakes -The word "their" refers to Edom. +The loud sound of Edom being destroyed is spoken of as if Edom were a large object that shakes the earth when it falls. AT: "When enemies come and destroy Edom, the noise will be extremely loud, with the result that the earth will shake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## At the sound of their falling the earth shakes. The sound of the shouts is heard at the Red Sea ## +# The sound of distressed shouts is heard at the Sea of Reeds -The purpose of this exaggeration is to tell the failure of Edom will be severe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People at the Sea of Reeds will hear the people of Edom crying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## See ## +# See -AT: "Look, listen, pay attention". +"Look" or "Listen" -## attack like an eagle, swoop down and spread his wings ## +# someone will attack like an eagle, and swoop down and spread his wings -AT: The attack will be vicious and unexpected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This simile means that when the enemy army attacks it will be vicious and unexpected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Bozrah ## +# Bozrah -a city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:24](../48/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## become like the heart of a woman birth labor ## +# the hearts of Edom's soldiers will become like the heart of a woman in birth labor -"feel overwhelmed and full of dread"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hearts" represent a person's emotions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 48:41](../48/40.md). AT: "Edom's soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/23.md b/jer/49/23.md index b6b3fd6e08..1d738aacb1 100644 --- a/jer/49/23.md +++ b/jer/49/23.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh tells what will happen to the people of Damascus. -## Arpad ## +# Hamath and Arpad will be ashamed -This is a Syrian city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here "Hamath" and "Arpad" represent the people who live there. AT: "The people who live in Hamath and Arpad will be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They melt away ## +# Hamath and Arpad -AT: "They are scared!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These are cities in Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## They become as troubled as the sea ## +# They melt away -Their emotions are compared to a troubled sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Being scared is spoken of as if the person were melting. AT: "They are very scared!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## pain like a woman giving birth ## +# They become as troubled as the sea, which cannot stay calm -AT: "pain seizes it like a woman giving birth" Their pain is compared to the pain of a woman giving birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The water of the sea is always moving and is never still. This is compared to the people who cannot rest because they are so anxious about the bad news they heard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## "How is the famous city, the city over which I have rejoiced, not yet evacuated?" ## +# Damascus has become very weak. It turns ... seizes it -AT: "It cannot be that the famous city, the city where there was so much joy and happiness should still have people in it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Damascus" represents the people who live there. AT: "The people of Damascus have become very weak. They turn ... seizes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# terror seizes it + +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as the verb "terrified." AT: "Damascus is terrified" or "The people of Damascus are terrified" + +# Distress and pain seize it, like the pain of a woman giving birth + +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "distress" and "pain." The people are compared to a woman giving birth to emphasize their pain and fear. AT: "The people are afraid and suffering like a woman giving birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy? + +Yahweh uses a question to express that the people should have left the city. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "This famous city once caused me to rejoice, but now the people should leave it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy? + +Some Bibles translate this with the people of Damascus speaking. AT: "The people of Damascus say, 'The famous city, which once made us rejoice, is now empty.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/26.md b/jer/49/26.md index 19ccb95c19..aa57b2acb9 100644 --- a/jer/49/26.md +++ b/jer/49/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Damascus. -## its ## +# its -The word "its" refers to the Damascus. +The word "its" refers to Damascus and its people. -## Yahweh of Host's declaration ## +# its young men will fall in its plazas -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +They young men being killed is spoken of as if they will fall. AT: "enemies will kill the young men of Damascus in its plazas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Ben Hadad ## +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -This the the name of the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will light a fire + +Causing the enemy army to light a fire is spoken of as if Yahweh will light the fire. AT: "I will cause the enemy army to light a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it will devour + +"the fire will completely burn up" + +# Ben Hadad + +This the name or title of the king of Damascus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/28.md b/jer/49/28.md index 732c10df84..01237618b2 100644 --- a/jer/49/28.md +++ b/jer/49/28.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah speaks about what will happen to Kedar. -## Kedar ## +# Kedar -The name of a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:10](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hazor ## +# Hazor -The name of a place in the biblical and modern Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of kingdom or district far to the east of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# now Nebuchadnezzar + +Here "now" introduces background information about Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack + +Here "Nebuchadnezzar" represents his army. AT: "the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Their tents and their flocks will be taken, along with their tent curtains and all of their equipment + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Your soldiers will take their flocks, tent curtains, and all of their equipment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their camels will be led away from them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your soldiers will take their camels from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# men will shout to them, "Terror is on every side!" + +Possible meanings are 1) these are men being attacked by the enemy. AT: "men will shout, 'We are terrified because terrible things are happening all around us!'" or 2) these are soldiers in the invading army. AT: "soldiers will shout at them, 'Be afraid because we are all around you!'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/30.md b/jer/49/30.md index 5927b52b16..c8e177578f 100644 --- a/jer/49/30.md +++ b/jer/49/30.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Kedar. +# General Information: -## Stay in holes in the ground ## +Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor. -"Stay hidden" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Flee! Wander ... Turn back! -## inhabitants of Hazor ## +Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Kedar. + +# inhabitants of Hazor "people who live in Hazor" -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## devised a plan ## +# devised a plan "made a plan" -## they, them ## +# Arise! Attack ... themselves -The words "they" and "them" refer to the people who feel safe and secure. \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh is speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he was there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# Attack the nation at ease, that lives in safety + +Here "nation" represents the people living there. AT: "Attack this nation, whose people feel safe and secure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They ... them + +The words "They" and "them" refer to the people who feel safe and secure. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/32.md b/jer/49/32.md index e0c090288f..c2eead39cd 100644 --- a/jer/49/32.md +++ b/jer/49/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## scatter to every wind ## +# General Information: -"go in all different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh continues telling Nebuchadnezzar to attack the people of Kedar and the kingdom of Hazor. -## Then I will scatter to every wind those who cut the corners of their hair ## +# For their camels will become plunder, and the abundance of their property will become war plunder -AT: "Then I will send in all different directions those who do not obey my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh is still speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he were there listening to him. This can be stated in second person. AT: "For your soldiers will take their camels and all of their property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## No one will live there, no human being will stay there ## +# Then I will scatter to every wind -The same idea is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "every wind" represents the nations. AT: "Then I will send to nations in all different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who cut the corners of their hair + +This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as "those who live on the edge of the wilderness." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 9:26](../09/25.md). + +# I will bring disaster on them from every side + +The phrase containing the abstract noun "disaster" can be replaced by the verb "destroy". AT: "I will bring their enemies from every side to destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# a lair of jackals + +"a place where jackals live." Jackals are fierce wild dogs. See how you translated "jackals" in [Jeremiah 9:11](../09/10.md). + +# No one will live there; no human being will stay there + +These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Hazor will be completely uninhabited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/34.md b/jer/49/34.md index 640b9411c4..cf763dfe26 100644 --- a/jer/49/34.md +++ b/jer/49/34.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is speaking about what will happen to Elam. -## bowmen ## +# This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah + +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah" or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# I am about to break the bowmen of Elam, the main part of their power + +"The archers made Elam very powerful, but I will stop them" + +# bowmen men who are skilled with a bow and arrows -## four winds from the four corners ## +# I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens -"4 winds from the 4 corners". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Here "four winds from the four corners" is an idiom that represents wind blowing from every direction. AT: "I will cause the winds to blow from every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## four corners of ## +# I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens -AT: "all directions, everywhere". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "winds" represents nations. And the nations are a synecdoche representing the armies from those nations. Causing armies to come from all directions is spoken of as if Yahweh will cause wind to blow from all directions AT: "I will bring your enemies from every direction to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## There is no nation to which those scattered from Elam will not go. ## +# to all of those winds -AT: "The refugees from Elam will be forced to seek refuge absolutely everywhere throughout the world." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "winds" represents "nations." AT: "to all those nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# There is no nation to which those scattered from Elam will not go + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I will scatter the people of Elam to every nation on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/37.md b/jer/49/37.md index 4a38f17643..659b9cb134 100644 --- a/jer/49/37.md +++ b/jer/49/37.md @@ -1,13 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Elam. -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# I will shatter Elam -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +These words are a metonym for Yahweh causing enemies to destroy Elam. AT: "I will cause Elam's enemies to destroy Elam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## send the sword ## +# Elam -AT: "send their enemies to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +the people of Elam (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will put my throne ## +# those who seek their lives -AT: "I will establish my rule over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Seeking a person's life represents wanting or desiring to kill someone. AT: "those who want to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will bring disaster against them + +Yahweh causing people to experience disaster is spoken of as if he would bring disaster against them. AT: "I will cause them to experience disaster" or "I will cause terrible things to happen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the fury of my wrath + +This is the reason that Yahweh will destroy the people of Elam. AT: "because I am very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the sword after them + +Here "sword" represents the enemy army carrying their weapons. AT: "the enemy army to pursue and kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will put my throne in Elam + +Here "throne" represents Yahweh's right to rule and judge as the king. AT: "I will judge the people of Elam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in later days + +"in the future" + +# I will bring back the fortunes of Elam + +"I will cause things to go well for Elam again" or "I will cause Elam to live well again." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/49/intro.md b/jer/49/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8d27eb16ab --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/49/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Jeremiah 49 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 49:1-11, 14-27, 29-33, 37-39, which are extended quotations. + +Jeremiah's prophesies about other nations conclude in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Covenant with Abraham ##### +Ammon is destroyed because it drove the people of the tribe of Gad from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to convict those Yahweh addresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 49:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../48/intro.md) | [>>](../50/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/01.md b/jer/50/01.md index 01e345ba44..251a325dd5 100644 --- a/jer/50/01.md +++ b/jer/50/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## by the hand of Jeremiah ## +God gives Jeremiah a message about Babylon. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -AT: "through the action of Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# This is the word that Yahweh declared -## cause them to listen… listen ## +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "This is the message that Yahweh gave" or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -This phrase is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet -## Bel, Merodach ## +The hand is a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:2](../37/01.md). AT: "through Jeremiah, who was a prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -These are the two names for the same god of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# cause them to listen ... cause them to listen -## Bel is made ashamed. Merodach is dismayed. Its idols are put to shame; its images are dismayed. ## +This phrase is repeated to emphasize the importance of the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -The same idea is expressed in different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Lift up a signal + +"Put up a sign" + +# Babylon is taken + +"Babylon is conquered" + +# Bel is made ashamed. Marduk is dismayed. Its idols are put to shame; its images are dismayed + +These lines mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh has disgraced the gods of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Bel ... Marduk + +These are two names for the chief god of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/03.md b/jer/50/03.md index 51008e237c..098085913d 100644 --- a/jer/50/03.md +++ b/jer/50/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## arise against it ## +# arise against it ... live in it -The word "it" refers to Babylon. +Here "it" refers to Babylon in both phrases. -## her land ## +# her land The word "her" refers to Babylon. -## live in it ## +# make her land a desolation -The word "it" refers to the land of Babylon. +The abstract noun "desolation" can be translated as a verb. AT: "destroy her land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## They will ask … They will go ## +# In those days and at that time -The word "They" refers to people of Israel or people of Judah. +These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the importance of that future time. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 33:15](../33/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## join themselves to Yahweh ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, Yahweh, declare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# seek Yahweh their God + +Seeking Yahweh their God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will ask + +The word "They" refers to the people of Israel or the people of Judah who are returning from Babylon to Jerusalem. + +# join ourselves to Yahweh This is figurative language used to explain a spiritual connection to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## not be broken ## +# that will not be forgotten -This states that the covenant will be obeyed forever. AT: "that no one will break." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This states that the covenant will be obeyed forever. It can be stated in active form. AT: "that no one will forget" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/06.md b/jer/50/06.md index 2433f40b7c..60f7e68cff 100644 --- a/jer/50/06.md +++ b/jer/50/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## lost flock ## +# My people have been a lost flock -This compares the people of Israel to a group of sheep that are lost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a group of sheep that was lost. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "My people have been like a lost flock of sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## devoured them ## +# Their shepherds -This compares destroying and taking everything from them to eating eagerly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were the shepherds of people. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "Their leaders were like shepherds who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## they sinned ## +# turned them around from hill to hill -The word "they" refers to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +"lead them around to many different places" + +# devoured them + +Attacking the people of Israel is spoken of as if a wild animal ate them. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "devoured them like a wild animal would eat its prey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they sinned + +The word "they" refers to the people of Israel. + +# Yahweh, their true home + +Here "home" represents a place of safety and provision. Yahweh is therefore spoken of as the one who gives protection and provision. AT: "Yahweh, the one who protects and provides for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh, the hope of their ancestors + +Yahweh is spoken of as the source of their trust. The abstract noun "hope" can be stated as an action. AT: "the one whom their ancestors confidently expected to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/08.md b/jer/50/08.md index a94b5f9dba..a1a151962f 100644 --- a/jer/50/08.md +++ b/jer/50/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## like male goats that leave... ## +# General Information: -This compares the people whom Yahweh advises to leave as soon as possible from Babylon to male goats that tend to wander from the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh is speaking to his people in captivity in Babylon. -## Babylon will be captured from there ## +# Leave from the midst of Babylon -AT: "The nations will capture Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This command is addressed to the people of Israel who were in exile in Babylon. -## soldier warrior ## +# be like male goats that leave -These two words are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Male goats tend to be more independent than the rest of the flock. Possible meanings are 1) they should be the first to leave Babylon or 2) they should lead the rest of the Israelites away from Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# For see -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +The word "see" alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. AT: "Pay attention, because" + +# set in motion + +"stir up" + +# Babylon will be captured from there + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "These nations will capture Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from there + +Possible meanings are 1) "from the north" or 2) "from their battle positions." + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, Yahweh, declare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Their arrows are like a skilled warrior who does not return empty-handed + +The effectiveness of the arrows of the attacking nations are spoken of as if they were soldiers that always accomplish their mission. The idiom "empty-handed" means "without success." AT: Each of their arrows are like skilled soldiers that always hit their target" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Chaldea will become plunder + +"They will plunder Chaldea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/11.md b/jer/50/11.md index b4e29b998b..95184f941f 100644 --- a/jer/50/11.md +++ b/jer/50/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,47 @@ -## you jump around like a calf stamping in its pasture ## +# General Information: -This compares the people of Babylon to a calf who runs around joyfully in a meadow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh is speaking to the people of Babylon. -## stamping ## +# You rejoice, you celebrate -See how you translated this in Jeremiah [Jeremiah 47:3](../47/03.md). +These terms mean the same thing and are used to emphasize how happy they were to conquer Israel. AT: "You people of Babylon rejoice, celebrate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## you neigh like a powerful horse ## +# You rejoice ... you jump ... you neigh ... bore you -This compares their happiness to the happiness of stallions that are neighing - making loud noises. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Each instance of "You" or "you" is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## So your mother … the one who bore you will be embarrassed. ## +# you jump around like a calf stamping in its pasture -The same idea is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. This compares the ancestors of the Babylonians to a mother in a family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The joy of the people of Babylon is compared to a calf who runs around joyfully in a pasture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert ## +# stamping -These words have basically the same meaning for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +the action a calf makes when kicking the ground -## shudder ## +# you neigh like a powerful horse + +The people of Babylon are compared to stallions that are making loud noises because they are excited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# So your mother will be greatly ashamed; the one who bore you will be embarrassed + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of her embarrassment. The words "mother" and "the one who bore you" refer either to Babylonia or to the city of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the least of nations + +"the most unimportant nation" + +# a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert + +These words have basically the same meaning and emphasize the complete barrenness of the land. Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor for an uninhabited place or 2) this refers to Babylon literally becoming a barren wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a complete devastation + +The abstract noun "devastation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# shudder shake violently due to fear -## hiss ## +# hiss make a sound like a snake that means great disapproval \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/14.md b/jer/50/14.md index 6e4cbd2bd3..fafead7bda 100644 --- a/jer/50/14.md +++ b/jer/50/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh tells the enemies of Babylon how to conquer. +# General Information: -## everyone who bends a bow ## +Yahweh tells the other nations to attack Babylon. -This refers to the soldiers who use bows and arrows to fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# Arrange yourselves against Babylon -## shoot at her ## +Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. AT: "You enemies of Babylon arrange yourselves against her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Arrange yourselves + +"Line up in military formation" or "Form battle lines" + +# Everyone who bends a bow + +This refers to the soldiers who use bows and arrows to fight. + +# shoot at her The word "her" refers to Babylon. -## Her walls are torn down ## +# Do not keep back any of your arrows -AT: "The nations have torn down her walls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This emphasizes that they should shoot all their arrows. AT: "Shoot every one of your arrows at her" + +# she has sinned ... She has surrendered ... she has done + +These instances of "she" are addressed to the city of Babylon, but refer to the people who live in the city. AT: "her people have sinned ... Her people have surrendered ... her people have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# her walls are torn down + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the nations have torn down her walls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/16.md b/jer/50/16.md index 0e7a14b48e..5029498ebb 100644 --- a/jer/50/16.md +++ b/jer/50/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh tells the enemies of Babylon how to conquer. +# General Information: -## a sickle at the time of harvest ## +Yahweh continues to tell the other nations to attack Babylon. -This is farm tool used in harvesting grain. Yahweh compares harvesting to destroying Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# the farmer who sows seed and the one who uses a sickle -## Let each person turn back … to their own land ## +These people collectively represent all the farmers and harvesters of Babylon. -This is the same idea expressed in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the one who uses a sickle at the time of harvest + +A "sickle" is a farm tool that people use to harvest grain. Together with the previous phrase, Yahweh is saying that all planting and harvesting will stop in Babylon. + +# Let each person turn back to his own people ... let them flee to their own land + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they strengthen the command for foreigners to flee from Babylon back to their own countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# from the oppressor's sword + +Here the word "sword" refers to the armies that will attack Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/17.md b/jer/50/17.md index cfea0f964d..a4090bda2a 100644 --- a/jer/50/17.md +++ b/jer/50/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## Israel is a sheep scattered and driven away by lions ## +# General Information: -AT: "Israel is a sheep that lions scattered and drove away" Yahweh compares Israel to sheep and her enemies to lions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about Israel. -## devoured him ## +# Israel is a sheep scattered and driven away by lions -This compares the destruction of Israel by Assyria to being eaten eagerly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of Israel as if it were a sheep that was trying to escape from hungry lions. This metaphor can be stated as a simile and in active form. AT: "Israel is like a sheep that lions scattered and drove away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## broke his bones ## +# Israel -This compares the destruction of Israel by Nebuchdnezzar to breaking bones. AT: "destroyed Israel". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers collectively to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## See, I am about to... ## +# the king of Assyria -The word "See" means to pay special attention to what follows. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the army of the king of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# devoured him + +The destruction of Israel by Assyria is spoken of as if Israel were a sheep that Assyria ate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon + +This refers to the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# broke his bones + +The destruction of Israel by Nebuchadnezzar is spoken of if it were a sheep which had its bones crushed by a lion. AT: "destroyed Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# See, I am about to + +The word "See" means to pay special attention to what follows. + +# his land + +Here "land" is a metonym for the people who live in the land of Babylon. AT: "the Babylonian people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/19.md b/jer/50/19.md index 97682e30d2..98c0437555 100644 --- a/jer/50/19.md +++ b/jer/50/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## I will restore ## +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about Israel. + +# I will restore The word "I" refers to Yahweh. -## he will graze on Carmel and Bashan ## +# Israel to his homeland ... he will be satisfied -AT: "Israel will feed on the foods of Carmel and Bashan." +This refers collectively to all the people of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel to their homeland ... they will be satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Iniquity will be looked for in Israel, but none will be found ## +# he will graze on Carmel and Bashan -AT: "Yahweh will look for iniquity in the people of Israel, but will not find any" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Israel is spoken of as if they were sheep that eat grass. AT: "they will eat food that grows in Carmel and Bashan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## iniquity will be looked for in Israel, … I will inquire about the sins … ## +# In those days and at that time -The same idea is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that future time. See how you translated this in as [Jeremiah 33:15](../33/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# iniquity will be looked for in Israel, but none will be found. I will inquire about the sins of Judah, but none will be found + +These two lines mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that Yahweh will completely forgive the sins of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# iniquity will be looked for in Israel, but none will be found + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will look for iniquity in the people of Israel, but will not find any" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that I spare + +They will escape the destruction of Babylon. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "that I allow to escape the destruction of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/21.md b/jer/50/21.md index 2ddff089c1..e5a6bce2ff 100644 --- a/jer/50/21.md +++ b/jer/50/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## Merathaim ## +# General Information: -This is another name for Babylon. This is a name that means "double rebellion". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about the enemies of Babylon. -## Pekod ## +# Arise against the land + +Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. AT: "You enemies of Babylon, arise against the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Merathaim + +This is another name for Babylon. This is a name that means "double rebellion." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Pekod This is another name for the Chaldeans. This is a name that means "visitation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Put them to the sword ## +# Put them to the sword -This refers to having a sword come down on people to kill them. AT: "kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This refers to having a sword come down on people to kill them. AT: "Kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# Put them to the sword -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "sword" represents war. Yahweh speaks of Babylon's enemies killing them in battle as if he were placing those people under the sword's power. AT: "Kill them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# set them apart for destruction + +This idiom means to destroy something completely. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 25:9](../25/07.md). AT: "Destroy them completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, Yahweh, declare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# The sounds of battle and enormous destruction are in the land + +These sounds are heard during battle and great destruction. They are spoken of in the present tense to indicate that this will certainly happen soon. AT: "The sounds of fierce battle and terrible destruction are going to happen soon in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/23.md b/jer/50/23.md index 83eabca659..783a992e25 100644 --- a/jer/50/23.md +++ b/jer/50/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## How the hammer of all the lands has been cut apart and destroyed ## +# General Information: -Here, "the hammer of all the lands" is the powerful army of Babylon that is going to be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon. -## horror ## +# How the hammer of all the lands has been cut apart and destroyed -a very strong feeling of fear, dread, and shock +The army of Babylon is spoken of as if it were a hammer. The destruction of this army is spoken of as if the hammer was to be cut up and destroyed. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "The mighty army of Babylon that conquered all the nations is like a hammer that will be broken into pieces and destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## You were captured, Babylon ## +# How Babylon has become a destroyed place among the nations -AT: "I have have captured you, Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Babylon was a nation like the other nations, but it will become a complete ruin, totally destroyed. -## You were found and seized ## +# I have set a trap for you and you were taken -AT: "I have found and seized you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The destruction of Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh had caught them in a trap like an animal. AT: "I set a trap and caught you in it as a hunter catches an animal" or "You people of Babylon, I have set a trap for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you were taken ... You were found and captured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have captured you ... I found you and captured you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/25.md b/jer/50/25.md index cd10e14651..3216cb3b8e 100644 --- a/jer/50/25.md +++ b/jer/50/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## granary ## +# Yahweh has opened his armory and is bringing out the weapons for carrying out his anger -a building where grain is stored +Yahweh's anger that causes him to send enemies against Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh had an armory and weapons. To open an armory is a metonym for preparing for battle. AT: "Yahweh has prepared for war and is sending the nations to attack Babylon in his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## pile her up like heaps of grain. ## +# armory -AT "pile up what is left of her the way heaps of grain are piled up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +this is a building or room where weapons of war are stored + +# Attack her from far away + +Yahweh speaks to the enemies of Babylon. AT: "You enemies of Babylon, attack her from far away" + +# Open her granaries + +Here "granaries" represent where Babylon stored its treasures. AT: "Raid the places where her treasures are stored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# granaries + +buildings where grain is stored + +# pile her up like heaps of grain + +Possible meanings are 1) reduce the city to piles of rubble that look like stacks of grain or 2) stack up the plunder from the city like piles of grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Set her apart for destruction + +This idiom means to destroy something completely. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:9](../25/07.md). AT: "destroy her completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Leave no remnant of her + +This is stated in a negative way to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. AT: "Kill every person in her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/27.md b/jer/50/27.md index 05d2a05649..3b3ef28e58 100644 --- a/jer/50/27.md +++ b/jer/50/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling how to destroy the people of Babylon and Chaldea. -## Kill all her bulls ## +# Kill all her bulls. Send them down to the place of slaughter -The young warriors are compared to bulls because of their strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meaning of "bulls" is 1) soldiers or 2) strong young men. Killing them is spoken of as taking them to a place of slaughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## her bulls ## +# Kill all her bulls + +Yahweh speaks this to the enemies of Babylon. This can be made clear. AT: "You enemies of Babylon, kill all her bulls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# her bulls The word "her" refers to Babylon. -## them, their ## +# them ... their The word "them" and "their" refer to the people of Babylon. -## those, these ## +# their day has come—the time for their punishment -The word "those" and "these" refer to the survivors from Babylon who will tell others about Yahweh's vengeance. \ No newline at end of file +The phrases "their day" and "the time" mean the same thing and can be combined. AT: "the time for their punishment has come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# There is the sound of those fleeing + +"Listen and you will hear those who are fleeing" + +# those ... those ... These + +The words "those" and "These" refer to the survivors from Babylon who will tell others about Yahweh's vengeance. + +# the vengeance of Yahweh our God for Zion, and vengeance for his temple + +The abstract noun "vengeance" can be stated as an action. AT: "Yahweh our God has taken revenge for what they did to Zion and to his temple in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/29.md b/jer/50/29.md index fbc7c8b040..ace3961e57 100644 --- a/jer/50/29.md +++ b/jer/50/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling how to destroy the people of Babylon and Chaldea. -## her, she ## +# Summon the archers against Babylon + +Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. This can be made clear. AT: "You enemies of Babylon, summon the archers against her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the archers ... those who bend their bows + +These phrases refer to the same people and are repeated for poetic effect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# her ... her ... she The words "her" and "she" refer to Babylon. -## her fighting men will be destroyed ## +# let no one escape -AT: "I will destroy her fighting men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "capture or kill every person" + +# Do to her by the measure she has used + +The evil things the Babylonians did to Israel are spoken of as if Babylon measured them. AT: "Measure out punishment for her with the same amount she used to punish Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her young men will fall + +"they will kill her young men" + +# all her fighting men will be destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will destroy all her fighting men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, Yahweh, declare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/31.md b/jer/50/31.md index ff77620fe5..d506c0c3c3 100644 --- a/jer/50/31.md +++ b/jer/50/31.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## See ## +# See, I am against you -This word introduces something for special attention. +Yahweh speaks this to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. AT: "See, I am against you, people of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## proud one ## +# See + +This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. + +# proud one This is Yahweh's description of Babylon. -## For your day has come, … the time when … ## +# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh of hosts -These two short phrases mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize or intensify the idea they express. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:19](../02/18.md). AT: "this is what the Lord Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## your day ## +# for your day has come ... the time when I will punish you -This refers to the span of time during the horrible judgment will come onto Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing. The second phrase defines the "day" that the first phrase mentions. AT: "for the day when I will punish you has come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## I will light ## +# your day -The word "I" refers to Yahweh. +"your time." This refers to the entire span of time during which the horrible judgment will come upon Babylon. -## a fire in their cities ## +# the proud ones will stumble and fall -This refers to the way the destruction will come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "stumble and fall" are idioms that refer to defeat and death. AT: "I will cause enemies to defeat and kill the proud ones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# it will devour everything around him + +Fire burning the cities of Babylon is spoken of as if the fire were an animal that ate them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# around him + +Here "him" refers to the "proud one" which describes Babylon. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/33.md b/jer/50/33.md index aa75643baa..27550030ac 100644 --- a/jer/50/33.md +++ b/jer/50/33.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## The people of Israel are oppressed ## +# General Information: -AT: "The Babylonians are oppressing the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Yahweh now speaks through Jeremiah about Israel and Judah. -## captured them ## +# Yahweh of hosts says this -The word "them" refers to the people of Israel. +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## they refuse ## +# The people of Israel are oppressed, together with the people of Judah -The word "they" refers to the Babylonians. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Babylonians are oppressing the people of Israel and Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## let them go ## +# captured them -The word "them" refers to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +The word "them" refers to the people of Israel and Judah who were captured and taken into exile. + +# He will truly plead their case + +Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a lawyer who represents the people of Israel in court. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in order to bring rest to the land + +Here "the land" is a metonym for the people who live in the land. AT: "in order that the people who live in Israel might live in peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bring rest ... bring strife + +These two terms represent opposite ideas and bring a strong contrast to how Yahweh will treat Israel and Babylon. + +# bring rest + +"give peace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/35.md b/jer/50/35.md index dfdfb22bb0..d9b0db939c 100644 --- a/jer/50/35.md +++ b/jer/50/35.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## A sword is against the Chaldeans ## +# A sword is against ... against ... A sword is coming against -"Sword" represents those who use them. AT: "enemy soldiers with swords are coming against the Chaldeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "sword" represents war. AT: "War will soon happen to ... to ... War will soon happen to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:7](../01/07.md). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## reveal themselves as fools ## +# reveal themselves as fools -The word "reveal" shows that their actions are foolish and will be exposed so everyone can see. +This phrase shows that their actions are foolish and will be exposed so everyone can see. -## they will be filled with terror ## +# they will be filled with terror -AT: "terror will fill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"they will be terrified" -## they will become like women ## +# they will become like women -"they will all become as weak as women" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The weakness of the Babylonian soldiers is spoken of as if they were women. This can be stated clearly. AT: "they will all become as weak as women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## storeroom ## +# storerooms -a place where valuables are kept +A storeroom is a place where supplies or valuables are kept. -## they will be plundered ## +# they will be plundered -AT: "enemy soldiers will plunder them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "enemy soldiers will plunder them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/38.md b/jer/50/38.md index 71af353b68..74fd42fcd7 100644 --- a/jer/50/38.md +++ b/jer/50/38.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## A sword is against ## +# A drought is coming on her waters -"Sword" represents those who use them. AT: "enemy soldiers with swords are coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"A drought will soon happen that will affect all her waters" -## her waters ## +# her waters -"Waters" represent all the sources of water and other necessities for life, especially the river that went through the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "waters" represent all the sources of water for the Babylonians, especially the river that went through the city. -## jackal ## +# desert beasts with the jackals -a wild dog found in Asia and Africa +Possible meanings are 1) "wild animals and hyenas" or 2) "wild demons and evil spirits." -## ostrich ## +# jackals -a very large African bird that runs fast but cannot fly +A jackal is a wild dog found in Asia and Africa. -## ostriches will live in her ## +# ostriches + +"Ostriches" are very large African birds that run fast but cannot fly. Some experts believe this word actually refers to an owl. + +# will live in her The word "her" refers to Babylon. -## For all time, she will no longer be inhabited. From generation to generation, she will not be lived in. ## +# For all time, she will no longer be inhabited. From generation to generation, she will not be lived in -These two phrases have the same meaning. They are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Babylon will be completely uninhabited. AT: "People will never live there again; it will be uninhabited forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## she will no longer be inhabited ## +# she will not be lived in -AT: "no one will live there any longer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will live in her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## no one will live there; no person will stay in her. ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -These two phrases have the same meaning. They are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# no one will live there; no person will stay in her + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Babylon will be completely uninhabited. They can be combined. AT: "no one will ever live there again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/41.md b/jer/50/41.md index 6c33fc9f7c..e90e1a96f9 100644 --- a/jer/50/41.md +++ b/jer/50/41.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## See ## +# General Information: -This word says to pay special attention to what Yahweh will say. +These verses are almost identical to [Jeremiah 6:22](../06/20.md) and [Jeremiah 6:23](../06/23.md). See how you translated those verses. -## a great nation and many kings ## +# See, a people is coming -This phrase refers to the time when the Medes and Persians conquered Babylon in 539 BC. +Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. AT: "See, people of Babylon, a people is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## battle formation ## +# See -the way troops are lined up in battle +This word adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" -## daughter of Babylon ## +# a great nation and many kings -This phrase refers to the Babylonian people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This phrase refers to the time when the Medes and Persians conquered Babylon in 539 BC. Here "nation" represents their armies. AT: "the armies of a great nation and many kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Anguish seizes him like a woman in labor ## +# are being stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth -His anguish is compared to the kind of anguish a woman experiences when she is in labor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Being "stirred up" represents being urged to take action. AT: "are preparing to come from the most distant places on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Anguish ## +# They will pick up bows and spears -suffering and grief that would bring one to tears. \ No newline at end of file +"The soldiers will carry bows and spears" + +# Their sound is like the sea roar + +The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the sea. AT: "The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they are riding on horses, set out in order as men for battle + +The phrase "set out in order" means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase "as men for battle" indicates that they are ready to fight. AT: "they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight" + +# daughter of Babylon + +This phrase refers to the Babylonian people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/43.md b/jer/50/43.md index 28fc701d6e..a2b4a7be2c 100644 --- a/jer/50/43.md +++ b/jer/50/43.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -This verse repeats verse 42 for emphasis. +# General Information: -## Anxiety, pain like a woman in labor, has seized him ## +This verse is almost identical to [Jeremiah 6:24](../06/23.md). See how you translated that verse. -His level of anxiety is compared to the level of anxiety of a woman in labor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +# his hands fell limp in distress + +"his hands were weak because he was anxious" + +# Anguish seized him + +Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if anguish grabs the king of Babylon. AT: "He felt terrible anguish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Anguish + +"suffering and grief that would bring one to tears" + +# like a woman giving birth + +The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. AT: "like a woman who is about to give birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/44.md b/jer/50/44.md index d1038cf5ea..84672d0bd2 100644 --- a/jer/50/44.md +++ b/jer/50/44.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## Behold ## +# General Information: -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. +This verse is almost identical to [Jeremiah 49:19](../49/19.md). See how you translated that verse. -## He goes up ## +# Behold! -The word "he" refers to the invader from the north. (See: [Jeremiah 50:41](./41.md)) +The word "Behold" here tells the reader to pay attention to what follows. AT: "Pay attention!" -## like a lion ## +# He goes up like a lion from the heights of the Jordan to the enduring grazing place -This is another way of saying that the attack will be fierce and unexpected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in the first person. AT: "When I punish the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of mountains and attacks sheep in the pasture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## I will quickly cause them to run from it ## +# the enduring grazing place -The word "them" refers to the people of Babylon; the word "it" refers to the invasion. +This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass. -## someone who will be chosen ## +# I will quickly cause them to run from it -AT: someone I will chose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "them" refers to the Babylonian people; the word "it" refers to the invasion. -## who is like me, and who will summon me? ## +# who will be chosen -Yahweh uses the question to point out the smallness of humans. AT:“No one is like me, no one orders me around”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom I will choose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## summon ## +# For who is like me, and who will summon me? -order someone to come +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that no one is like him. AT: "For no one is like me, no one can summon me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What shepherd is able to resist me? ## +# who will summon me -Yahweh uses the question to show that no leader is able to come against him or defeat him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"who will challenge me" or "who will call me to account" + +# What shepherd is able to resist me? + +Yahweh uses this question to show no one can defeat him. Here "shepherd" is a metaphor for "king" or "ruler." AT: "No king is able to resist me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/45.md b/jer/50/45.md index 36208d916d..eebf506f87 100644 --- a/jer/50/45.md +++ b/jer/50/45.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## the plans that Yahweh has decided against Babylon, the plans that he has planned against the land of the Chaldeans ## +# General Information: -These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "the plans that Yahweh has decided for the people of Babylon and the Chaldeans". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These verses are almost identical to [Jeremiah 49:20](../49/20.md) and [Jeremiah 49:21](../49/21.md). See how you translated those verses. -## They will certainly be dragged away ## +# the plans that Yahweh has decided against Babylon, the plans that he has planned against the land of the Chaldeans -This means that the people of Babylon will be taken from their homes whether they like it or not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "the plans that Yahweh has decided for the people of Babylon and the Chaldeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places ## +# They will certainly be dragged away, even the smallest flock -"I will turn their pasturelands into ruined places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Babylon as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will drag them away, even the smallest flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## At the sound of conquered Babylon the earth shakes ## +# even the smallest flock -This phrase compares the fall of the once powerful nation of Babylon to an extremely loud noise and earthquake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the youngest and weakest people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the smallest flock of sheep. AT: "even the youngest and weakest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## distress ## +# Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places + +Here the land of Babylonia is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places" or "He will completely destroy the people who live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# At the sound of conquered Babylon the earth shakes + +This phrase compares the fall of the once powerful nation of Babylon to the extremely loud noise of an earthquake. AT: "The fall of Babylon will sound like a mighty earthquake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# distress pain or unhappiness -## their shout of distress ## +# their shout of distress "their shout of pain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/50/intro.md b/jer/50/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6b23679270 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/50/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Jeremiah 50 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 50:1-5, 6-46, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Babylon destroyed ##### + +Babylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Israel ##### +The author sometimes uses the term "Israel" to refer to the people of the old northern kingdom of Israel, and at other times to the nation of Israel as a whole. He switches between these uses several times without warning the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 50:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../49/intro.md) | [>>](../51/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/01.md b/jer/51/01.md index d25701f641..cb48807396 100644 --- a/jer/51/01.md +++ b/jer/51/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## wind of destruction ## +# General Information: -AT: "an unstoppable destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Leb Kamai ## +# See -This is another word for Babylon. +This draws attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen carefully" or "Pay attention" -## scatter ## +# a wind of destruction -To scatter is to separate and send in different directions. +Possible meanings are 1) "a wind that destroys" or 2) "the spirit of a destroyer." This would mean that Yahweh would cause or inspire the enemy army to go and attack Babylon. -## on the day of disaster ## +# Leb Kamai -The phrase "day of" is a Hebrew idiom for "when." AT:"when she is destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is code name for Chaldea, a region of Babylonia. It is not clear why Jeremiah uses this name here, so you may want to translate as "Chaldea" or "Babylonia." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# scatter her and devastate her land ... they will come against her + +The word "her," a metaphor that refers to Babylon as if it were a woman, is also a metonym for the people who live in Babylon. AT: "separate the people who live there from each other, send them in different directions, and make their land empty ... foreigners will attack the people of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on the day of disaster + +The phrase "day of" is a Hebrew idiom for "when." AT: "when I destroy Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/03.md b/jer/51/03.md index 2a26cde4a3..da5e58ab6a 100644 --- a/jer/51/03.md +++ b/jer/51/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Do not let the archers bend their bows ## +# Do not let ... do not let -"Do not allow the archers time to prepare to shoot" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh wants the attack to be so sudden that the archers have no time to prepare for battle. + +# those who are killed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "those whom the attackers kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/05.md b/jer/51/05.md index b14dd8bd9a..29f106e09e 100644 --- a/jer/51/05.md +++ b/jer/51/05.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no translation notes needed. \ No newline at end of file +# Israel and Judah are not forsaken by their God, by Yahweh of hosts + +The words "Israel" and "Judah" are metonyms for the people of Israel and Judah. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh of hosts, the God of the people of Israel and Judah, has not forsaken them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their land is filled with offenses committed against the Holy One of Israel + +The land in which they live is spoken of as if it were a container and their offenses as if they were solid objects that could fill the container. The abstract noun "offenses" can be translated as a verb. AT: "they have offended the Holy One of Israel everywhere throughout the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in her iniquity + +Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. The word "iniquity" is a metonym for God punishing the people for their iniquity. AT: "when Yahweh punishes Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will repay all of it to her + +Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman, and the iniquity of the people is spoken of as if Yahweh needed to pay back a debt. The word "her," meaning Babylon, is a metonym for the people of Babylon. AT: "will punish the Babylonians as much as they deserve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/07.md b/jer/51/07.md index f658d93956..af41734ce9 100644 --- a/jer/51/07.md +++ b/jer/51/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Babylon was a golden cup ## +# Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh that made all the world drunk -AT: "Babylon was a strong nation used for judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "world" is a metonym for the people living in the nations surrounding Babylon. Possible meanings are 1) Making those people drunk could be a metaphor for Yahweh punishing those nations by allowing Babylon to conquer them. AT: "Babylon was a strong nation that Yahweh used to punish all the people of the surrounding nations severely" or 2) It could be a metaphor for those nations joining Babylon in worshiping idols and being violent. AT: "Babylon was a rich and powerful nation, and other nations wanted to become sinful just like it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## insane ## +# Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh -AT: "unable to think clearly" +Babylon being a powerful nation that Yahweh used for his own purposes is spoken of as if Babylon were a golden cup in his hand. Here "hand" represents Yahweh's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## wail ## +# nations drank her wine and became insane -This is a loud, long cry of sadness. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "Babylon defeated and destroyed other nations" or 2) "nations enjoyed her riches and power and became evil." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# insane + +"unable to think clearly" + +# Babylon will ... be destroyed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will destroy Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Wail + +to make a long, loud cry that shows that the person is sad + +# perhaps she can be healed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "perhaps Yahweh can heal her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/09.md b/jer/51/09.md index 71ca42ccfe..d261211558 100644 --- a/jer/51/09.md +++ b/jer/51/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## For her guilt reaches up to the heavens; it is piled up to the clouds ## +# General Information: -AT: "Babylon is so very guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Yahweh used Babylon to punish Judah and the nation. It is either the people of Judah or the people of the nations who are speaking the words in this quotation. -## Yahweh has declared our innocence ## +# Babylon ... she is not healed ... leave her ... her guilt + +The name of the city is a metonym for the people who live there, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "the people of Babylon ... they are not healed ... leave them ... their guilt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# she is not healed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "we have not been able to heal her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For her guilt reaches up to the heavens; it is piled up to the clouds + +Guilt is spoken of as if it were an object that could be made into a pile. The words "to the heavens" and "to the clouds" are an exaggeration for something that is very high. AT: "For Babylon is so very guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Yahweh has declared our innocence Yahweh had punished the Israelites for their sins, but now has let them return to him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/11.md b/jer/51/11.md index 8b5fd25cab..fecce5b4c5 100644 --- a/jer/51/11.md +++ b/jer/51/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## inhabitants ## +# General Information: -This means people who live in a particular place. \ No newline at end of file +Jeremiah is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon and their enemies, who cannot hear him, telling them that Yahweh will destroy Babylon before the Babylonians can prepare to defend themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# Lift up a banner over Babylon's walls + +"Give a signal to attack Babylon's walls" + +# make the watch strong + +"make sure the guards are strong and have good weapons" + +# set up watchmen + +"make sure there are enough men watching the city" + +# prepare the ambushes + +This was done in order to catch anyone running from the city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/13.md b/jer/51/13.md index 8d3e7ab5a2..69c7f6f4f0 100644 --- a/jer/51/13.md +++ b/jer/51/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## live by many streams of water ## +# General Information: -AT: "are happy and wealthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Jeremiah continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon, who cannot hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## The thread...short ## +# The thread of your life is now cut short -AT: "Your lives will be ended quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The people's lives are spoken of as if they were threads that God could cut. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Your lives will be ended quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Like a locust plague ## +# like a locust plague -AT: "with a large number of soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The large number of enemy soldiers is spoken of as if they were a mass of locusts invading the city. AT: "with a large number of soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## battle cry ## +# battle cry This is a shout that a soldier makes in battle. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/15.md b/jer/51/15.md index f68bcd58eb..56bebb13dc 100644 --- a/jer/51/15.md +++ b/jer/51/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## When he thunders, there is the roar of waters in the heavens ## +# When he thunders, there is the roar of waters in the heavens These phrases compare the voice of Yahweh to the loud sound made by thunder and rain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## storehouse ## +# storehouses -This is a place where things are kept for future use. \ No newline at end of file +A storehouse is a building where people keep things they might want to use in the future. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/17.md b/jer/51/17.md index 6bb618362c..ccd2d8a6fe 100644 --- a/jer/51/17.md +++ b/jer/51/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## Every man becomes like an animal without knowledge ## +# General Information: -This shows Jeremiah's feeling that people who believe in idols are very stupid! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Translate many of the words in these verses as in [Jeremiah 10:14-16](../10/14.md). -## frauds ## +# has become ignorant -AT: "lies in order to cheat" \ No newline at end of file +"is lacking knowledge" or "does not know" + +# Every metalworker is put to shame by his idols + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Every metalworker's idols put him to shame" or "As for every metalworker, his idols shame him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will perish at the time of their punishment + +This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. AT: "there will be a time when God will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the portion of Jacob + +Here "Jacob" represents the people of Israel. God being their "portion" is an idiom that means that they worship him. AT: "the portion of Israel" or "whom the people of Israel worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the molder of all things + +"the creator of all things" or "the one who created all things" + +# Israel is the tribe of his inheritance + +This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. AT: "The tribe of Israel belongs to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/20.md b/jer/51/20.md index e09c810457..0cf6214c1f 100644 --- a/jer/51/20.md +++ b/jer/51/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## You ## +# You are -AT: "The Babylonian army" \ No newline at end of file +"You, the Babylonian army, are" + +# With you I will smash + +Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. AT: "With you I will punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# With you I will + +"I will use you to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/22.md b/jer/51/22.md index 2f4ad141fd..ea1607172a 100644 --- a/jer/51/22.md +++ b/jer/51/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## You ## +# With you I will smash -AT: "The Babylonian Army." \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:20](./20.md). AT: "With you I will punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# With you I will + +"I will use you to." See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:20](./20.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/24.md b/jer/51/24.md index a0799c3d8e..f13432faea 100644 --- a/jer/51/24.md +++ b/jer/51/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## in your sight ## +# in your sight I will pay -AT: "You Babylonians will certainly see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The abstract noun "sight" can be expressed with the verb "see." AT: "you will see it when I pay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Yahweh’s declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -AT: "what Yahweh has solemnly said” \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/25.md b/jer/51/25.md index 6158d0dce2..3420cc27ce 100644 --- a/jer/51/25.md +++ b/jer/51/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## mountain ## +# General Information: -Yahweh talks to Babylon as if it were a mountain which he could address as a person. Since mountains were sometimes the homes of bandits, it is possible that Jeremiah had this idea in mind here. See UDB. AT: "strong nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks to the people of Jerusalem, who could hear him, as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon, who could not hear him. He speaks to the city of Babylon as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon itself. He speaks of the city as if it were a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## other ## +# you, mountain of destruction -This refers to all the people Babylon has attacked. +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is speaking of Babylon as if it were a mountain that destroys people and property. AT: "you, mountain that destroys" or 2) Babylon was like a mountain where bandits would live and hide and go out to raid. AT: "you, people of a strong nation that destroys other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## cliff ## +# I will stretch out my hand against you -This is the edge of a mountain. \ No newline at end of file +The word "hand" is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. See how "I will attack the inhabitants of the land with my hand" is translated in [Jeremiah 6:12](../06/11.md). AT: "I will use my strength to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will ... roll you down from the cliffs + +Yahweh stops speaking of Babylon as a mountain and speaks of it as a building that he is breaking down and throwing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cliffs + +A cliff is the steep side of a mountain or hill. + +# I will ... make you a burned-out mountain + +Yahweh speaks of Babylon as no longer being the great "mountain of destruction" but now a mountain that he has destroyed. AT: "I will ... make you a pile of useless rocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will become an everlasting devastation + +The abstract noun "devastation" can be translated as a verb "devastate." AT: "I will devastate you and no one will ever rebuild you" or "I will turn you into an empty place where no one will ever live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/27.md b/jer/51/27.md index af703cf4ab..5fb820b441 100644 --- a/jer/51/27.md +++ b/jer/51/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## banner ## +# Lift up a banner ... Blow the trumpet ... Call ... to attack -Large flag for the soldiers to follow in battle. AT: "flag" +Lifting a banner and blowing a trumpet are both ways of calling people to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## her ## +# banner -AT: "Babylon" +"flag." This is large flag for the soldiers to follow in battle. -## Minni, Ashkenaz ## +# attack her + +The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon, and it is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "attack the people of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Ararat ... Minni ... Ashkenaz These are names of nations or people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## bring up horses like swarming locusts ## +# bring up horses like swarming locusts -Yahweh compares a great number of horses to a swarm of locusts. AT: "bring many horses with soldiers quickly." (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh compares a great number of horses to a swarm of locusts. AT: "bring many horses with soldiers quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# governors ... officials + +See how you translated these words in [Jeremiah 51:23](./22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/29.md b/jer/51/29.md index 90763ac0c7..7fc3a790d5 100644 --- a/jer/51/29.md +++ b/jer/51/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the land will shake ## +# the land will shake and be in anguish -Yahweh promises such great upheaval that the whole nation will tremble. The "land" represents the people of Babylon living there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The land is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Shaking and being in anguish are metonyms for being very afraid. AT: "the people who live in Babylon will shake with fear and be in anguish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## be in anguish ## +# anguish -Babylon will be in great distress. \ No newline at end of file +"much mental pain" + +# against Babylon + +The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon. AT: "against the people of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there is no inhabitant + +"no one lives" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/30.md b/jer/51/30.md index d8ca2e0baa..b0ae174355 100644 --- a/jer/51/30.md +++ b/jer/51/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## his city has been taken ## +# General Information: -"The enemies overcame the whole city." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Yahweh speaks of what will happen as if it had already happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## the fords over the river are seized ## +# her homes are on fire, the bars of her gates are broken -The enemies take control of all the crossing places of the river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The city is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "the homes in the city are on fire, the bars of the city gates are broken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## ford ## +# his city has been taken -A shallow part of a river where people can walk across easily. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the enemies have overcome the whole city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## confused ## +# the fords over the river are seized -AT: "Unable to think clearly" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the enemies have taken control of all the fords over the river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fords + +shallow parts of a river where people can walk across + +# marshes + +places with shallow water and grasses growing in deep mud + +# confused + +"unable to think clearly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/33.md b/jer/51/33.md index 7a1b291b02..11ab58f13c 100644 --- a/jer/51/33.md +++ b/jer/51/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## The daughter of Babylon ## +# Yahweh of hosts ... says this -"Daughter of Babylon" is another name for the residents of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). -## is like a threshing floor ## +# The daughter of Babylon -Yahweh compares threshing to the time of great pressure upon Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"Daughter of Babylon" is another name for the people who live in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## time of harvest will come to her ## +# is like a threshing floor -The harvest is the result of the actions that the people did before. The result of Babylon's sins will come. AT: "Babylon will be punished." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +People thresh grain by trampling it on a threshing floor, and Yahweh speaks of people punishing the daughter of Babylon as if they were threshing grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# It is time to trample her down + +Yahweh punishing the daughter of Babylon is spoken of as if he were trampling and threshing grain on a threshing floor. AT: "It is time to punish her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the time of harvest will come to her + +The harvest is a metaphor for the result of the actions that the people did before. Babylon will experience the result of its people's sins. AT: "God will punish her for her sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/34.md b/jer/51/34.md index 240662486a..a923d83422 100644 --- a/jer/51/34.md +++ b/jer/51/34.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## He has drained me dry and has made me into an empty pot ## +# General Information: + +The speaker speaks as if he were a woman. The woman is a metaphor for the city of Jerusalem, which in turn is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he has driven me into confusion + +Possible meanings are 1) "he has caused me to be unable to think clearly" or 2) "he has crushed me." + +# has made me an empty pot Babylon has taken everything from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He has swallowed me ## +# Like a monster + +Here Babylon is compared to a monster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he has swallowed me Jerusalem compares its destruction to being swallowed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## like a dragon ## +# he has filled his stomach with my delicious foods -This compares Babylon to a dragon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This continues to speak of Babylon as if it were a monster. This states in another way the previous idea that Babylon has taken everything from Israel. Here "foods" represents all the good things that were there before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He filled his stomach with my good food. ## +# he has spit me out -This states in another way the previous idea that Babylon has taken everything from Israel. "Food" represents all the good things there before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Nebuchadnezzar took what he wanted and spit out what he did not want. AT: "he has vomited me up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He has rinsed me out. ## +# The one who lives in Zion -What Babylon did not like after taking everything he threw away like rinsing out old food out of a cooking pot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"She who lives in Zion" -## inhabitants of Chaldea ## +# The one ... to me and my flesh ... my blood -AT: "People who live in Chaldea." \ No newline at end of file +All of these phrases refer to a woman. + +# inhabitants of Chaldea + +"people who live in Chaldea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/36.md b/jer/51/36.md index 441cabb1da..c7a23fec04 100644 --- a/jer/51/36.md +++ b/jer/51/36.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + This begins Yahweh's reply to Jerusalem's request in verses 34 and 35. -## heaps of rubble ## +# I am about to plead your case and bring about vengeance -This refers to the buildings becoming piles of trash. +Yahweh defending his people is spoken of as if he were a lawyer pleading their case in court. AT: "I will be like your lawyer to defend you and I will bring about vengeance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## den of jackals ## +# heaps of rubble -AT: "a home for wild dogs" +buildings that have become piles of rock -## a horror ## +# den of jackals -Something that terrifies anybody looking at it. AT: "a terrible place to live" +home for wild dogs -## hissing ## +# a horror -This is a sound that shows strong disapproval. \ No newline at end of file +something that terrifies everyone who looks at it + +# hissing + +a sound people make to show that they dislike something very much + +# there are no inhabitants + +"no one lives" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/38.md b/jer/51/38.md index 725a40a23e..45f002e403 100644 --- a/jer/51/38.md +++ b/jer/51/38.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## roar ## +# roar -This is a loud sound made by a lion. +loud sound made by a lion -## growl ## +# growl -This is a deep threatening sound that animals make. +a sound animals make to frighten other animals -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# become happy -AT: "what Yahweh has solemnly said” \ No newline at end of file +As a soldier is happy when he defeats a strong enemy. Another possible meaning is "are very drunk" . + +# sleep an unending sleep and not wake up + +They will be dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# like lambs ... male goats + +Lambs and goats do not know before it happens that people are going to slaughter them, and the Babylonians will not know before it happens that Yahweh is going to destroy them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/41.md b/jer/51/41.md index a55b5319bc..c31667b5bb 100644 --- a/jer/51/41.md +++ b/jer/51/41.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the praise of all the earth ## +# How Babylon has been captured ... How Babylon has become a ruined place -Praise represents the honor other nations gave Babylon previously. These words are mocking Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +The word "how" here shows that something that people thought was impossible has happened. This can be stated in active form. AT: "We never thought that enemies could capture Babylon, but they have captured her ... We never thought that Babylon could become a ruined place, but it has become a ruined place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## is seized ## +# the praise of all the earth is seized -The nations have captured Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "praise" is a metonym for the thing that people praised, and the word "earth" is a metonym for the people living on the earth. This can be translated in active form. AT: "enemies have seized Babylon, the nation that everyone on earth praised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The sea...roaring waves ## +# The sea ... roaring waves -Babylon has been overcome by its enemies. "Waves" represent many people groups overcoming Babylon. The words "sea" and "water" often represent the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Babylon's enemies have overcome her. "Waves" represent many people groups overcoming Babylon. The words "sea" and "water" often represent the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# She is covered with its roaring waves + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Its roaring waves have covered her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/43.md b/jer/51/43.md index ff6d4efaaf..f1338f183b 100644 --- a/jer/51/43.md +++ b/jer/51/43.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Her cities ## +# Her cities -AT: "Babylon's cities" +"Babylon's cities" -## I will punish Bel ## +# I will punish Bel Bel was the main god of the Babylonians and represents the whole country and the people that worshiped it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## out from his mouth what he swallowed ## +# out from his mouth what he swallowed -Yahweh compares all the sacrifices and offering to Bel to things he ate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Yahweh compares all the sacrifices and offerings to Bel to things he ate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the nations will no longer flow ## +# the nations will no longer flow -Yahweh compares the many nations coming to Babylon to sacrifice to Bel to river that moves along. \ No newline at end of file +The many nations that come to Babylon to sacrifice to Bel is spoken of as a river that moves along. AT: "the people of other nations will no longer come in large groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/45.md b/jer/51/45.md index 98b784b9e0..58773a6dd2 100644 --- a/jer/51/45.md +++ b/jer/51/45.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## news that is heard ## +# the news that is heard in the land -The news that the people listen to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when you hear the news that is in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Ruler will be against ruler. ## +# Ruler will be against ruler -The rulers represent the nations under their control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The ruler is a metonym for the nations under his control. AT: "Nations will fight against other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/47.md b/jer/51/47.md index 4ae13d4ecb..66c35984e8 100644 --- a/jer/51/47.md +++ b/jer/51/47.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## see ## +# see -AT: "pay attention" +"pay attention" -## All of her land ## +# days are coming ... when I will punish -AT: "All of Babylon's people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md). AT: "in the future ... I will punish" or "there will be a time ... when I will punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the heavens and the earth ## +# I will punish the carved idols of Babylon -Heaven and earth are viewed as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Removing the idols of Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. AT: "I will remove the carved idols of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# Babylon ... her land ... her slaughtered ones ... her midst ... over Babylon ... come for her ... Babylon has made ... her land -AT: "what Yahweh has solemnly said" +The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "the people of Babylon ... their land ... their slaughtered ones ... their midst ... over the Babylonians ... come for them ... the Babylonians have made ... their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the killed ## +# the heavens and the earth -AT: "the killed people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Heaven and earth are viewed as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the killed of all her land + +"those whom the Babylonians' enemies have killed in the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/50.md b/jer/51/50.md index 7901d6b000..e1139975fc 100644 --- a/jer/51/50.md +++ b/jer/51/50.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Jeremiah speaks to the Israelite people in verse 50. -## insults ## +# Survivors of the sword -AT: "hurtful, negative words" \ No newline at end of file +The sword is a metonym for war, in which soldiers use swords. AT: "You who have survived the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Call Yahweh to mind from far away; let Jerusalem come to mind + +The phrases "Call ... to mind" and "come to mind" are idioms that mean to think about or remember. AT: "Though you are far away, think about Yahweh; think about Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# insults + +words that one person uses to offend another + +# reproach has covered our faces + +The speakers' reaction to people expressing disapproval of them is spoken of as if it were a cover placed over the speakers' faces. AT: "our faces show that we are hurt because others disapprove of us" or "we cover our faces in shame because others disapprove of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/52.md b/jer/51/52.md index 52440901a5..4747eaffd9 100644 --- a/jer/51/52.md +++ b/jer/51/52.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## groan ## +# see + +"pay attention" or "listen carefully" + +# days are coming ... when I will punish + +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/31.md). AT: "in the future ... I will punish" or "there will be a time ... when I will punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/07.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will punish her carved idols + +Removing or destroying idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. AT: "I will destroy her carved idols" or "I will remove her carved idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her carved idols ... her land ... Babylon ... her highest fortresses ... to her + +The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "their carved idols ... their land ... the Babylonians ... their highest fortresses ... to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# groan to cry out because of pain or sadness -## For even...to her ## +# if Babylon went up ... or fortified ... destroyers would come from me -"her" refers to Babylon. This is a way of saying that it is impossible for Babylon to escape Yahweh's judgment. \ No newline at end of file +This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh does not expect to happen. AT: "Babylon will not go up ... or fortify ... destroyers will surely come from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/54.md b/jer/51/54.md index 6862c0c66b..93d58f660e 100644 --- a/jer/51/54.md +++ b/jer/51/54.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## A shout of distress came from Babylon, a great collapse from the land of the Chaldeans ## +# A shout of distress came from Babylon, a great collapse from the land of the Chaldeans -The same thought is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The same thought is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## enemies roar like the waves of many waters ## +# destroying Babylon ... her loud voice -The sound of the enemies coming will be very loud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "destroying the people of Babylon ... their loud voices" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## her warriors have been captured ## +# Their enemies ... their noise -This phrase can be changed to have an active verb. AT: "they captured her warriors." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"The enemies of the people of Babylon ... the noise of the enemies" + +# enemies roar like the waves of many waters + +The waves of the ocean and of flooding rivers make a loud sound, and the enemies will make a very loud sound as they come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# against her—against Babylon!—and her warriors + +The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "against the people of Babylon—yes, against Babylon!—and their warriors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her warriors have been captured + +This phrase can be changed to have an active verb. AT: "her enemies have captured her warriors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/57.md b/jer/51/57.md index 94657857ad..6ef15b6cf6 100644 --- a/jer/51/57.md +++ b/jer/51/57.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## her, they ## +# her princes, her sages, her officials, and her soldiers ... her high gates ... her aid ... for her -These refer to Babylon. \ No newline at end of file +The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "their princes, their sages, their officials, and their soldiers ... their high gates ... their aid ... for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will sleep in an unending sleep and never wake up + +They will be dead. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:39](./38.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts says this + +Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). + +# The thick walls of Babylon will be completely demolished + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The invaders willl completely demolish the thick walls of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# her high gates will be burned + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they will burn her high gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# everything ... will be burned up + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they will burn up everything that the nations try to do for her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/59.md b/jer/51/59.md index 75c71cc2cd..4813c9419a 100644 --- a/jer/51/59.md +++ b/jer/51/59.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Seraiah, Neriah, Machseiah ## +# Seraiah ... Neriah ... Mahseiah -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the fourth year of his reign + +"after he had been king for three years." This "fourth" is the ordinal number for four. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# that were written about Babylon + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that he had written about Babylon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/61.md b/jer/51/61.md index 9c87c68c45..73f8cd42f0 100644 --- a/jer/51/61.md +++ b/jer/51/61.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## She ## +# animal -This refers to Babylon. - -## She will have no inhabitant, either of people or animals ## - -These animals are those that are normally with people, because Jeremiah 51:37 stated that Babylon will be inhabited by Jackals or wild animals. \ No newline at end of file +If your language has a word for animals that normally live with people, you might want to use it here, because [Jeremiah 51:37](./36.md) states that Babylon will be inhabited by wild animals. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/63.md b/jer/51/63.md index ebf1a51c78..3043e83ac6 100644 --- a/jer/51/63.md +++ b/jer/51/63.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Babylon will sink like this ## +# Babylon will sink like this -AT: "Babylon will disappear as this stone disappeared." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The stone and scroll will disappear in the water, the water will destroy the scroll, and Babylon will no longer look like a city or have buildings for people to live in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## She, her, they ## +# will not arise -These words refer to Babylon. \ No newline at end of file +"will never again be a city" + +# they will fall + +This means the Babylonians will fall because they are exhausted. Many translations do not include these words. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/51/intro.md b/jer/51/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a13d4031bb --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/51/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Jeremiah 51 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 51:1-64, which is an extended quotation. + +The prophesied destruction of Babylon continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Babylon destroyed ##### + +Babylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) + +##### Covenant with Abraham ##### +Babylon is destroyed because it drove the people of Judah from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 51:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../50/intro.md) | [>>](../52/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/01.md b/jer/52/01.md index 4e9b04d3fc..21c61caa1d 100644 --- a/jer/52/01.md +++ b/jer/52/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Hamutal ## +# General Information: + +Because of the words "Jeremiah's words end here" in [Jeremiah 51:64](../51/63.md) and because the words here appear in other books of the Bible, many scholars believe that this chapter was written by someone other than Jeremiah and attached to the scroll that Jeremiah and Baruch wrote. + +# Hamutal This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Libnah ## +# Libnah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jeremiah ## +# Jeremiah -The Jeremiah in this verse is not the same man as the prophet Jeremiah who wrote this book. +This refers to another man named Jeremiah, not the prophet Jeremiah who wrote this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## He ## +# what was evil in the sight of Yahweh -This refers to Zedekiah. \ No newline at end of file +The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. AT: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/04.md b/jer/52/04.md index e495497a0d..95144a7f78 100644 --- a/jer/52/04.md +++ b/jer/52/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## It happened ## +# It happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. -## in the ninth year ## +# in the ninth year of the reign of King Zedekiah, in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month -"in year nine..." (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear) +after Zedekiah had been king for eight years, in the tenth calendar month, on the tenth day of the month (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## in the tenth month ## +# in the ninth year -"in month ten of that year" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth) +"in year nine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## They camped opposite it ## +# in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month -AT: "Nebuchadnezzar's army camped opposite Jerusalem" +This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## until the eleventh year ## +# They camped opposite it -"until year eleven" - (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear) \ No newline at end of file +"Nebuchadnezzar's army camped opposite Jerusalem" + +# until the eleventh year of King Zedekiah's reign + +until Zedekiah had been king for more than ten years (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# eleventh year + +"year eleven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# it. So the city was besieged + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "it, and they besieged the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/06.md b/jer/52/06.md index 8912c36bc1..6539be0083 100644 --- a/jer/52/06.md +++ b/jer/52/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## in the fourth month ## +# By the ninth day of the fourth month -"in month four of that year" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth) +This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. The ninth day is near the beginning of July on Western calendars. Zedekiah had been king for ten years, three months, and eight days. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## in the ninth of that year ## - -"in day nine of that year" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeday) - -## city ## +# city This refers to Jerusalem. -## was broken into ## +# the city was broken into -The Babylonians broke through the wall around the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the Babylonians broke through the wall around the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## between the two walls ## +# the two walls -This refers to the wall of the King's garden and the wall of the city. +the wall of the king's garden and the wall of the city -## plain ## +# plains -AT: "flat land" \ No newline at end of file +"flat land" + +# All his army was scattered + +This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "the Chaldeans scattered his entire army" or 2) "all of his soldiers ran away in different directions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/09.md b/jer/52/09.md index f7b6fa30f2..cc1244bf8d 100644 --- a/jer/52/09.md +++ b/jer/52/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Riblah ## +# at Riblah in the land of Hamath -This is a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## before his own eyes ## +# passed sentence on him -AT: "before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"decided how to punish him" + +# slaughtered Zedekiah's sons before his own eyes + +The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah's sons. AT: "forced Zedekiah to watch as the king of Babylon slaughtered Zedekiah's sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he put out Zedekiah's eyes + +"the king's men made Zedekiah blind." Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah's eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind. + +# the day of his death + +the day of Zedekiah's death \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/12.md b/jer/52/12.md index 88ac2260f6..3bef3d61c0 100644 --- a/jer/52/12.md +++ b/jer/52/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## in the fifth year ## +# in the fifth month, on the tenth day of the month, which was the nineteenth year of the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar -"During year five" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear) +Nebuchadnezzar had been king for eighteen years, four months, and nine days. This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. The tenth day is near the beginning of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## on the tenth day ## +# the nineteenth year -"on day ten" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeday) +"during year nineteen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## the nineteenth year ## - -"during year nineteen" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear) - -## Nebuzaradan ## +# Nebuzaradan This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## bodyguards ## +# bodyguards -This refers to people whose job is to protect someone. \ No newline at end of file +people whose job is to protect someone \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/15.md b/jer/52/15.md index eee71b2fe3..bc25f7fd70 100644 --- a/jer/52/15.md +++ b/jer/52/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## craftsmen ## +# craftsmen -This refers to people who makes beautiful objects used in the worship of Yahweh. +This refers to people who make beautiful objects used in the worship of Yahweh. -## Nebuzaradan ## +# Nebuzaradan This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the poorest of the land ## +# the poorest of the land -AT: "the poorest people of the land" \ No newline at end of file +"the poorest people who lived on the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/17.md b/jer/52/17.md index dd316c8bd9..86fcf37a20 100644 --- a/jer/52/17.md +++ b/jer/52/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## sea ## +# The Sea This is a basin of water used in the worship of Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/20.md b/jer/52/20.md index c637dae73a..bba074463c 100644 --- a/jer/52/20.md +++ b/jer/52/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## cubit ## +# eighteen cubits ... twelve cubits -This is a measurement. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +A cubit was about 46 centimeters long. AT: "18 cubits ... 12 cubits" or "about 8.3 meters ... about 5.5 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -## hollow ## +# hollow -This means that the pillars had empty space inside them. \ No newline at end of file +The pillars had empty space inside them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/22.md b/jer/52/22.md index f8e8bf50ed..ae2ee652c4 100644 --- a/jer/52/22.md +++ b/jer/52/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## capital ## +# capital -This is the top part of each pillar. \ No newline at end of file +This is the top part of each pillar. + +# five cubits + +A cubit was about 46 centimeters long. AT: "5 cubits" or "about 2.3 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/24.md b/jer/52/24.md index c0ba8032d1..5acd048cb2 100644 --- a/jer/52/24.md +++ b/jer/52/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Seraiah ## +# Seraiah -See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 36:25](../36/25.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 36:26](../36/25.md). -## gatekeeper ## +# gatekeepers -This means a person who guards the gate of a city. +people who guard the gate of a city -## drafting ## +# drafting men into the army -AT: "conscripting" meaning to bring into service. \ No newline at end of file +"forcing men to fight in the army" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/26.md b/jer/52/26.md index e85ba2b842..ba1da70ca1 100644 --- a/jer/52/26.md +++ b/jer/52/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Nebuzaradan ## +# Nebuzaradan -See how you translated this name of a man in [Jeremiah 39:8](../39/08.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Riblah ## +# Riblah -This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/28.md b/jer/52/28.md index 21a1afa7bb..02b176a865 100644 --- a/jer/52/28.md +++ b/jer/52/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## in the seventh year ## +# seventh ... eighteenth ... twenty-third -"in year seven" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear) +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## in the eighteenth year ## +# Nebuzaradan -"in year eighteen" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear) +See how you translated this man's name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/08.md). -## in the twenty-third year ## +# 3,023 ... 832 ... 745 ... 4,600 -third year** - "in year twenty-three" (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear) - -## Nebuzaradan ## - -See how you translated this name of a man in [Jeremiah 39:8](../39/08.md). - -## 3,023; 832; 745; 4,600 ## - -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"three thousand and twenty-three ... eight hundred and thirty-two ... seven hundred and forty-five ... four thousand six hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/31.md b/jer/52/31.md index 18b1f94e28..c5ecec30c8 100644 --- a/jer/52/31.md +++ b/jer/52/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## in the thirty-seventh year ## +# in the thirty-seventh year of the exile of Jehoiachin -seventh year** - (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeyear) +after Jehoiachin had been an exile for more than 36 years (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## in the twelfth month ## +# in the twelfth month, on the twenty-fifth day of the month -(See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimemonth) +This is the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fifth day is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## on the twenty-fifth day ## - -fifth day** - (See: en:obe:other:biblicaltimeday) - -## It happened ## +# It happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. -## Evil Merodach ## +# Awel-Marduk He became the king of Babylon after Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/32.md b/jer/52/32.md index 4e4fd5f90c..7dad003988 100644 --- a/jer/52/32.md +++ b/jer/52/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He spoke kindly to him ## +# He spoke kindly to him -AT: "Evil Merodach spoke kindly to Jehoiachin" +"Awel-Marduk spoke kindly to Jehoiachin" -## a seat more honorable ## +# a seat more honorable -AT: "a seat at the table that was closer to where Evil Merodach sat." \ No newline at end of file +"a seat at the table that was closer to where Awel-Marduk sat" + +# removed Jehoiachin's prison clothes + +The reader should understand that removing his prison clothes represents making him a free man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/52/intro.md b/jer/52/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1c1fea8bc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/52/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Jeremiah 52 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The chapter returns to a previous sequence of events and records Babylon's conquering of Judah. It also records the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jeremiah 52:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../51/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/front/intro.md b/jer/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc471f3067 --- /dev/null +++ b/jer/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +# Introduction to Jeremiah # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +===Outline of the Book of Jeremiah=== + +1. Yahweh calls Jeremiah to be a prophet + - The situation in which Jeremiah will work (1:1–13) + - Yahweh promises to protect him (1:17–19) +1. The message that Jeremiah is to proclaim + - Spiritual adultery (2:1–6:30) + - Yahweh rejects his people (6:1–30) + - Idolatry and rejecting the law of God (7:1–10:16) + - Jeremiah stands between Yahweh and his people (11:1–20:19) + - Jeremiah's confrontations with his people (21:1–29:32) +1. Yahweh promises to restore Judah + - Yahweh will bring the people of Judah back to their land (30:1–24) + - Yahweh will create a new covenant with them (31:1–40) + - The people will come back (32:1–44) + - Kings descended from David will rule again (33:1–26) +1. The suffering of Jeremiah + - Before Yahweh punishes Judah (34:1–36:32) + - While Yahweh punishes Judah (37:1–39:18) + - After Yahweh punishes Judah (40:1–45:5) +1. Jeremiah's messages to the Gentiles + - Egypt (46:1–28) + - Philistia (47:1–28) + - Moab (48:1–47) + - Ammon (49:1–6) + - Edom (49:1–22) + - Damascus (49:23–27) + - Kedar (49:28–33) + - Elam (49:34–39) + - Babylonia (50:1–51:64) +1. The capture and destruction of Jerusalem (52:1–34) + +#### What is the Book of Jeremiah about? #### + +Jeremiah's account begins about 626 BC. After the death of King Josiah, many groups of people in Israel opposed Jeremiah. Some of these wanted to depend on Egypt to protect the nation. Others were idol worshipers, who hated Jeremiah for denouncing their gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +During the reign of King Jehoiakim, Jeremiah proclaimed his prophecies about the temple of Yahweh. King Jehoiakim received some of these prophecies in writing and burned the document. The next king, Zedekiah, imprisoned Jeremiah when he called for the king to surrender to Babylon. + +When Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylonia, began conquering the region (he invaded Judah in 597 BC and finally captured Jerusalem in 587 BC), he offered Jeremiah housing and money if he would go to Babylon. However, Jeremiah remained in Jerusalem to help the few Jews who were left there. + +Shortly after that, Gedaliah, whom Nebuchadnezzar had chosen to be governor over Judah, was murdered. Some Jewish rebels captured Jeremiah and took him to Egypt. Those rebels went to Egypt for protection rather than to live under Nebuchadnezzar's rule. Jeremiah may have died soon after being taken to Egypt, but not before he prophesied that the Babylonians would invade and conquer Egypt. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"The Book of Jeremiah" may also be called the "The Book about Jeremiah" or "What the Prophet Jeremiah said." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Jeremiah? #### + +This book contains prophecies spoken by Jeremiah, who was a priest and a prophet living in Judah. According to the witness of the book itself, some of its prophecies had been written down earlier and put into the hands of King Jehoiakim, who burned the document. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the New Covenant that is presented in the Book of Jeremiah? #### + +Jeremiah 31 introduced a "new covenant" between Yahweh and Israel. This covenant would be "written" on the hearts of the people, that is, God would create a heartfelt attachment between the people and their God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]]) + +#### What relationship do Jeremiah's prophecies have to the other nations besides Israel? #### + +While much of the Old Testament prior to this time is concerned only with the nation of Israel, Jeremiah began to focus on God's judgment on the other nations of the world. Judgment must also come upon these other nations because of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Is the Book of Jeremiah arranged in chronological order? #### + +No, Jeremiah has many instances where it is clearly out of chronological order. Instead, the various prophecies appear to be topically arranged. + +#### Why does the Book of Jeremiah refer to this prophet as "he" or "him"? #### + +There are many instances in the book where the author refers to Jeremiah as "Jeremiah" or "he." This is unusual if Jeremiah wrote the book. The reason this occurs is perhaps because Baruch, Jeremiah's secretary, wrote down some parts of the book. Translators should keep the words "Jeremiah" and "he" and not try to smooth over this issue. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/01.md b/jhn/01/01.md index 0986803a7e..a62d049d08 100644 --- a/jhn/01/01.md +++ b/jhn/01/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## In the beginning ## +# In the beginning This refers to the very earliest time before God created the heavens and the earth. -## the Word ## +# the Word -This refers to Jesus. Translate as "the Word" if possible. If the "Word" is feminine in your language it could be translated as "the one who is called the Word." +This refers to Jesus. Translate as "the Word" if possible. If "Word" is feminine in your language, it could be translated as "the one who is called the Word." -## All things were made through him ## +# All things were made through him -This could be translated with an active verb: "God made all things through him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "God made all things through him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## without him there was not one thing made that has been made ## +# without him there was not one thing made that has been made -"God did not make anything without him" or "God made everything with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "God did not make anything without him" or "God made everything with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/04.md b/jhn/01/04.md index e06fe152c4..db6ef8832e 100644 --- a/jhn/01/04.md +++ b/jhn/01/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## In him was life ## +# In him was life -"This one who is called the Word - he is the one who caused everything to live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "life" is a metaphor for causing everything to live. AT: "The one who is called the Word is the one who caused everything to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that life was the light of all mankind ## +# life -AT: "he revealed to us the truth about God as a light reveals what is in the darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here use a general term for "life." If you must be more specific, translate as "spiritual life." -## The light shines in the darkness and the darkness did not extinguish it ## +# that life was the light of all men -"People do not want him to reveal that what they do is evil, just like darkness is evil, but just like darkness cannot put out light, evil people have never prevented the one who is like a light from revealing God's truth." \ No newline at end of file +"Light" is a metaphor that means God's revelation. AT: "he revealed to us the truth about God as a light reveals what is in the darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it + +Just as darkness cannot put out light, evil people have never prevented the one who is like a light from revealing God's truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/06.md b/jhn/01/06.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..23640d8bce --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/01/06.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# testify about the light + +Here "light" is a metaphor for the revelation of God in Jesus. AT: "show how Jesus is like the true light of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/09.md b/jhn/01/09.md index 202bbb9b61..ce82c835b2 100644 --- a/jhn/01/09.md +++ b/jhn/01/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## illumines ## +# The true light -"gives light to" \ No newline at end of file +Here "light" is a metaphor that represents Jesus as the true revelation of God. AT: "like a true light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/10.md b/jhn/01/10.md index 9b4fb80430..601504007f 100644 --- a/jhn/01/10.md +++ b/jhn/01/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## He was in the world and the world was made through him and the world did not know him ## +# He was in the world, and the world was made through him, and the world did not know him -"But even though he was in this world and God created all that is here through him, people still did not recognize him." +"Even though he was in this world, and God created everything through him, people still did not recognize him" -## He came to what was his own things, and his own people did not receive him ## +# the world did not know him -"He came to his own fellow-countrymen, and his own fellow-countrymen did not accept him either." \ No newline at end of file +The "world" is a metonym that stands for all the people who live in the world. AT: "the people did not know who he really was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He came to his own, and his own did not receive him + +"He came to his own fellow countrymen, and his own fellow countrymen did not accept him either" + +# receive + +This means to accept a person. When one receives a guest, they welcome them and treat them with honor in hopes of building a relationship with them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/12.md b/jhn/01/12.md index 18210e41a8..d763c6776f 100644 --- a/jhn/01/12.md +++ b/jhn/01/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## he gave the right ## +# believed in his name -"he gave them the authority" or "he made it possible for them" \ No newline at end of file +This means to trust Jesus as Savior and live in a way that honors him. + +# his name + +The word "name" is a metonym that stands for Jesus' identity and everything about him. AT: "Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he gave the right + +"he gave them the authority" or "he made it possible for them" + +# children of God + +The word "children" is a metaphor that represents our relationship to God, which is like children to a father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/14.md b/jhn/01/14.md index 99ba9cfd1f..efb18f286e 100644 --- a/jhn/01/14.md +++ b/jhn/01/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## full of grace ## +# Word -"always acts kindly toward us in ways we do not deserve" +This is a metaphor which refers to Jesus. He is the one who reveals what God is like. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The one who comes after me ## +# became flesh -John is speaking about Jesus. The phrase "comes after me" means that John's ministry has already started and Jesus' will start after him. +Here "flesh" represents human. AT: "became human" or "became a human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## ranks before me ## +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# full of grace + +"full of kind acts towards us which we do not deserve" + +# He who comes after me + +John is speaking about Jesus. The phrase "comes after me" means that John's ministry has already started and Jesus' ministry will start later, after John's. + +# is more than me "is greater than I am" or "is more important than I am" -## for he was before me ## +# for he was before me -Be careful not to translate this in a way that suggests Jesus is more important just because he is older than John. Jesus is greater and more important than John because he is God the son who has always been alive and rules over everything along with God the Father. \ No newline at end of file +Be careful not to translate this in a way that suggests that Jesus is more important just because he is older than John in human years. Jesus is greater and more important than John because he is God the Son, who has always been alive. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/16.md b/jhn/01/16.md index 6681c09102..a4732c2482 100644 --- a/jhn/01/16.md +++ b/jhn/01/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## fullness ## +# fullness This word refers to God's grace that has no end. -## free gift after free gift ## +# grace after grace "blessing after blessing" -## The one and only person, himself God ## +# Father -This can mean 1) "the one and only God" or 2) "the one and only Son." - -## who is in the bosom of the Father ## - -"who is constantly with the Father," implying a close relationship (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/19.md b/jhn/01/19.md index b84e0c910a..dc1da20961 100644 --- a/jhn/01/19.md +++ b/jhn/01/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He freely stated, and did not deny ## +# the Jews sent ... to him from Jerusalem -The second phrase says in negative terms the same thing that the first phrase says in positive terms. This emphasizes that John was telling the truth. AT: "He told them the truth freely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +The word "Jews" here represents the "Jewish leaders." AT: "the Jewish leaders sent ... to him from Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## What are you then? ## +# He freely stated, and did not deny + +The second phrase says in negative terms the same thing that the first phrase says in positive terms. This emphasizes that John was telling the truth. AT: "He told them the truth freely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# What are you then? "What then is the case, if you are not the Messiah?" or "What then is going on?" or "What then are you doing?" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/22.md b/jhn/01/22.md index 09aebc0db5..aa423dcc09 100644 --- a/jhn/01/22.md +++ b/jhn/01/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## they said to him ## +# Connecting Statement: -"the priests and Levites said to John" (see [John 1:19](./19.md)) +John continues to speak with the priests and Levites. -## us...we ## +# they said to him + +"the priests and Levites said to John" + +# we ... us the priests and Levites, not John (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## He said ## +# He said "John said" -## I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness ## +# I am a voice, crying in the wilderness -"I am like someone speaking loudly where no one can hear me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +John is saying that Isaiah's prophecy is about himself. The word "voice" here refers to the person who is crying out in the wilderness. AT: "I am the one calling out in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Make the way of the Lord straight ## +# Make the way of the Lord straight -"Prepare yourselves for the Lord's arrival like people prepare the road for an important person to use" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "way" is used as a metaphor. AT: "Prepare yourselves for the Lord's arrival like people prepare the road for an important person to use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/24.md b/jhn/01/24.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f39fc1c255 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/01/24.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Now some from the Pharisees + +This is background information about the people who questioned John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/26.md b/jhn/01/26.md index ca97e4bb2f..0edcaf6dc5 100644 --- a/jhn/01/26.md +++ b/jhn/01/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## This is the one who is coming after me. ## +# General Information: -"He will preach to you after I am gone." +Verse 28 tells us background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## I am not worthy to untie the strap of his sandal ## +# the one who comes after me -John is saying that he does not deserve to do the most unpleasant work of a servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"he will preach to you after I am gone" + +# the strap of whose sandal I am not worthy to untie + +The task of "untying his sandals," which is the work of a slave or servant, is a metaphor. John is saying that he does not deserve to do even the most unpleasant work of a servant for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/29.md b/jhn/01/29.md index 3d0b5a24cb..5e04413944 100644 --- a/jhn/01/29.md +++ b/jhn/01/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## who comes after me ranks before me, for he was before me ## +# Lamb of God -Translate this as you did in [John 1:14](./14.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is a metaphor that represents God's perfect sacrifice. Jesus is called the "Lamb of God" because he was sacrificed to pay for people's sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# world + +The word "world" is a metonym and refers to all the people in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The one who comes after me is more than me, for he was before me + +See how you translated this in [John 1:15](./14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/32.md b/jhn/01/32.md index c84010796d..519707be33 100644 --- a/jhn/01/32.md +++ b/jhn/01/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## descending ## +# descending "coming down" -## Son of God ## +# like a dove -Some copies of this text say "Son of God"; others say "chosen one of God." \ No newline at end of file +This phrase is a simile. The "Spirit" comes down just like a dove lands on a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# heaven + +The word "heaven" refers to the "sky." + +# the Son of God + +Some copies of this text say "Son of God"; others say "chosen one of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/35.md b/jhn/01/35.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f67448da9a --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/01/35.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Again, the next day + +This is another day. It is the second day that John saw Jesus. + +# Lamb of God + +This is a metaphor that represents God's perfect sacrifice. Jesus is called the "Lamb of God" because he was sacrificed to pay for people's sins. See how you translated this same phrase in [John 1:29](./29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/37.md b/jhn/01/37.md index 6c335c9ff0..86038ce5ed 100644 --- a/jhn/01/37.md +++ b/jhn/01/37.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## tenth hour ## +# tenth hour -This phrase indicates a time in the afternoon, before dark, that would be too late for them to travel to another town. \ No newline at end of file +"hour 10." This phrase indicates a time in the afternoon, before dark, that would be too late to travel to another town, possibly around 4 p.m. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/40.md b/jhn/01/40.md index 76e9b3e59d..d9d69f055d 100644 --- a/jhn/01/40.md +++ b/jhn/01/40.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## John ## +# General Information: -This is not John the Baptist; John was a common name. \ No newline at end of file +These verses give us information about Andrew and how he brought his brother Peter to Jesus. This happened before they went and saw where Jesus was staying in [John 1:39](./37.md). + +# son of John + +This is not John the Baptist. "John" was a very common name. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/43.md b/jhn/01/43.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d7766a321a --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/01/43.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Now Philip was from Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter + +This is background information about Philip. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/46.md b/jhn/01/46.md index 9665f93a5c..3c9a875139 100644 --- a/jhn/01/46.md +++ b/jhn/01/46.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Can any good thing come out of Nazareth? ## +# Nathaniel said to him -"No good thing can come out of Nazareth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"Nathaniel said to Philip" -## in whom is no deceit ## +# Can any good thing come out of Nazareth? -"a completely truthful man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This remark appears in the form of a question in order to add emphasis. AT: "No good thing can come out of Nazareth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# in whom is no deceit + +This can be stated in a positive way. AT: "a completely truthful man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/49.md b/jhn/01/49.md index f7bc1fa169..5cd2c90b6a 100644 --- a/jhn/01/49.md +++ b/jhn/01/49.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Truly, truly ## +# Rabbi, you are the Son of God! You are the King of Israel! -Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Nathaniel says Jesus is "the Son of God" because Jesus knew Nathaniel without previously meeting him. + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Because I said to you ... do you believe? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to provide emphasis. AT: "You believe because I said, 'I saw you underneath the fig tree'! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Truly, truly + +Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/intro.md b/jhn/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0e92431770 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# John 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:23, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The Word" ##### +This is a rather unique construction used to reference Jesus. He is the "Word of God" embodied in flesh and the final revelation of God himself on earth. Although this can appear to be a complex teaching, it is rather simple: Jesus is God, the creator of the heavens and the earth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +##### Light and Darkness ##### +These are common images in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### "Children of God" ##### +When one believes in Jesus, they go from being a "child of wrath" to a "child of God." They are adopted into the "family of God." This is an important image that will be unfolded in the New Testament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +Although the other gospel accounts frequently contain metaphors in the teachings of Jesus and in prophecy, the first chapter of this gospel uses metaphors in interpreting the meaning of the life of Jesus. Because of these metaphors, the reader can see that this gospel is going to be a more in-depth theological understanding of the life of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "In the beginning was the word" ##### +The first part of this chapter follows a logical and almost poetic pattern, which will be difficult to duplicate in translation. + +##### "Son of man" ##### +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Some languages may struggle having a person refer to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[John intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/01.md b/jhn/02/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..24c4cccf85 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/02/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + +Jesus and his disciples have been invited to a wedding. These verse give background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Three days later + +Most interpreters read this as on the third day after Jesus called Philip and Nathaniel to follow him. The first day occurs in John 1:35 and the second in John 1:43. + +# Jesus and his disciples were invited to the wedding + +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "Someone invited Jesus and his disciples to the wedding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/03.md b/jhn/02/03.md index 193517c296..c4a3cb0745 100644 --- a/jhn/02/03.md +++ b/jhn/02/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Woman ## +# Woman -If a son calling his mother "woman" would be considered impolite, use another word that is polite and formal. +This refers to Mary. If it is impolite for a son to call his mother "woman" in your language, use another word that is polite, or leave it out. -## what does that have to do with me? ## +# why do you come to me? -"this has nothing to do with me." or "do not tell me what to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This question is asked to provide emphasis. AT: "this has nothing to do with me." or "you should not tell me what to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## has not yet come ## +# My time has not yet come -"is not yet here" \ No newline at end of file +The word "time" is a metonym that represents the right occasion for Jesus to show that he is the Messiah by working miracles. AT: "It is not yet the right time for me to perform a mighty act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/06.md b/jhn/02/06.md index 04da97a243..128315e4d7 100644 --- a/jhn/02/06.md +++ b/jhn/02/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## two to three metretes ## +# two to three metretes -"80 to 120 liters." A "metrete" was a measure of about 40 liters of liquid. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "75 to 115 liters." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## to the brim ## +# to the brim This means "to the very top" or "completely full." -## the head waiter ## +# the head waiter This refers to the person in charge of the food and drink. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/09.md b/jhn/02/09.md index f72872eabc..c733b36d14 100644 --- a/jhn/02/09.md +++ b/jhn/02/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## (but the servants who had drawn the water knew) ## +# but the servants who had drawn the water knew This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## drunk ## +# drunk unable to tell the difference between cheap wine and expensive wine because of drinking too much alcohol \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/11.md b/jhn/02/11.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c552ea2e7c --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/02/11.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +This verse is not part of the main storyline, rather it gives a comment about the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# Cana + +This is a place name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# revealed his glory + +Here "glory" refers to the mighty power of Jesus. AT: "showed his power" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/12.md b/jhn/02/12.md index ca413a4afb..97ea58eec0 100644 --- a/jhn/02/12.md +++ b/jhn/02/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## he went down ## +# went down -This means that they traveled from a higher place to a lower place. Cana is southwest of Capernaum, but is at a higher elevation. +This means that they traveled from a higher place to a lower place. Cana is southwest of Capernaum and is at a higher elevation. -## his brothers ## +# his brothers -This word is inclusive of brothers and sisters. All Jesus' brothers and sisters were younger than he was. \ No newline at end of file +The word "brothers" includes both brothers and sisters. All Jesus' brothers and sisters were younger than he was. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/13.md b/jhn/02/13.md index d6641a94c2..283e1a542c 100644 --- a/jhn/02/13.md +++ b/jhn/02/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## up to Jerusalem ## +# General Information: + +Jesus and his disciples go up to Jerusalem to the temple. + +# up to Jerusalem This means that they traveled from a lower place to a higher place. Jerusalem is built on a hill. -## in the temple ## +# were sitting there -This refers to the outer courtyard of the temple where the non-Jewish people were allowed to worship. +The next verse makes it clear that these people were in the temple courtyard. That area was intended for worship and not for commerce. -## those that sold ## +# sellers of oxen and sheep and pigeons -People could buy animals at the temple and sacrifice them to honor God. +People were buying animals in the temple courtyard to sacrifice them to God. -## money changers ## +# money changers -Jewish authorities required people who wanted to buy animals for sacrifices to exchange their money from outside for special money from the "money changers." \ No newline at end of file +Jewish authorities required people who wanted to buy animals for sacrifices to exchange their money for special money from the "money changers." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/15.md b/jhn/02/15.md index 868fa4c582..ff74c08768 100644 --- a/jhn/02/15.md +++ b/jhn/02/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## my Father's house ## +# So -This is a phrase Jesus uses to refer to the temple. \ No newline at end of file +This word marks an event that happened because of something else that happened first. In this case, Jesus saw the money changers sitting in the temple. + +# Stop making the house of my Father a marketplace + +"Stop buying and selling things in my Father's house" + +# the house of my Father + +This is a phrase Jesus uses to refer to the temple. + +# my Father + +This is an important title that Jesus uses for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/17.md b/jhn/02/17.md index 501cd0a11a..9dbb2f484f 100644 --- a/jhn/02/17.md +++ b/jhn/02/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## your house ## +# it was written + +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "someone had written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your house This term refers to the temple, God's house. -## consume ## +# consume -This means "completely take over." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "consume" points to the metaphor of "fire." Jesus' love for the temple is like a fire that burns within him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## these things ## +# sign -This refers to Jesus's actions against the money changers in the temple. +This refers to an event that proves something is true. -## Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up ## +# these things -Jesus is referring to his own body as the temple that will die and come back to life three days later. But, it is important to translate this with words normally used to describe tearing down and rebuilding a building. +This refers to Jesus' actions against the money changers in the temple. -## Destroy this temple, and in three days... ## +# Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up -Jesus is not commanding the people to go and tear down the temple. If this is confusing in your language you could translate it as "If you destroy this temple, in three days...." \ No newline at end of file +Jesus is referring to his own body as the temple that will die and come back to life three days later. Translate this in a way that describes tearing down and rebuilding a building. Jesus is not commanding his disciples to tear down the actual temple building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# raise it up + +This means to "rebuild" or "restore." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/20.md b/jhn/02/20.md index 3cffad7d06..3e509af826 100644 --- a/jhn/02/20.md +++ b/jhn/02/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## you will raise it up in three days? ## +# General Information: -"you cannot possibly rebuild it in three days!." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Verses 21 and 22 are not part of the main storyline, rather they comment on the story and tell about something that happens later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## this statement ## +# forty-six years ... three days -This refers back to Jesus' statement in [John 2:17](./17.md). \ No newline at end of file +"46 years ... 3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# you will raise it up in three days? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to show that the Jewish authorities understand that Jesus wants to tear down the temple and build it again in three days. AT: "you cannot possibly rebuild it in three days!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# believed + +Here "believe" means to accept something or trust that it is true. + +# this statement + +This refers back to Jesus' statement in [John 2:19](./17.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/23.md b/jhn/02/23.md index 1380d61380..d893869f3d 100644 --- a/jhn/02/23.md +++ b/jhn/02/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## nevertheless ## +# Now when he was in Jerusalem -This is a connecting word showing that an unexpected event will follow. Alternate Translation: "but," "however" \ No newline at end of file +The word "now" introduces us to a new event in the story. + +# believed in his name + +Here "name" is a metonym that represents the person of Jesus. AT: "believed in him" or "trusted in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the signs that he did + +Miracles can also be called "signs" because they are used as evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe. + +# about man, for he knew what was in man + +Here the word "man" represents people in general. AT: "about people, for he knew what was in people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/02/intro.md b/jhn/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..85101c7d29 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# John 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wine ##### +It was customary for wine to be used during times of celebration. It was not considered immoral to drink wine. + +##### Driving out the money changers ##### +This is the first account of Jesus driving the money changers out of the temple. This event showed the authority Jesus had over the temple and over all of Israel. + +##### "He knew what was in them" ##### +John knows this type of knowledge would only be possible if Jesus was God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "His disciples remembered" ##### +This phrase is used as a commentary on the events that occur in this chapter. These comments are not known at the time when the events occur, but are already known when the book was written. Translators may choose to use parentheses to set apart the author's explanation or commentary on past events. + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/01.md b/jhn/03/01.md index 5c0b3e493b..fb038cb1bc 100644 --- a/jhn/03/01.md +++ b/jhn/03/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## member ## +# General Information: -a part of a group +Nicodemus comes to see Jesus. -## Jewish Council ## +# Now -The Jewish Council is called the "Sanhedrin." This was the most significant of all Jewish councils. +This word is used here to mark a new part of the story and to introduce Nicodemus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## we know ## +# we know -Here "we" is exclusive, referring only to Nicodemus and the other members of the Jewish Council. \ No newline at end of file +Here "we" is exclusive, referring only to Nicodemus and the other members of the Jewish council. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/03.md b/jhn/03/03.md index c0dee3d0d8..50723479c7 100644 --- a/jhn/03/03.md +++ b/jhn/03/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Truly, truly ## +# Connecting Statement: -Translate this as you did in [John 1:49](../01/49.md). +Jesus and Nicodemus continue talking. -## born again ## +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# born again "born from above" or "born of God" -## How can a man be born when he is old? ## +# kingdom of God -He used this question to emphasize that this could not happen. Alternate translation: "A man certainly cannot be born again when he is old." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The word "kingdom" is a metaphor for the rule of God. AT: "place where God rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He cannot enter a second time into his mother's womb to be born, can he? ## +# How can a man be born when he is old? -"Certainly, he cannot enter a second time into his mother's womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Nicodemus used this question to emphasize that this could not happen. AT: "A man certainly cannot be born again when he is old!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## a second time ## +# He cannot enter a second time into his mother's womb and be born, can he? + +Nicodemus also used this question to emphasize his belief that a second birth was impossible. "Certainly, he cannot enter a second time into his mother's womb! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a second time "again" or "twice" -## womb ## +# womb -the part of a woman's body where a baby grows. Alternate translation: "uterus" or "belly." \ No newline at end of file +the part of a woman's body where a baby grows \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/05.md b/jhn/03/05.md index 25933a58b7..ad9d03ea6e 100644 --- a/jhn/03/05.md +++ b/jhn/03/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Truly, truly ## +# Truly, truly -You can translate it the same way you did in [John 3:3](./03.md). +You can translate this in the same way you did in [John 3:3](./03.md). -## born of water and the Spirit ## +# born of water and the Spirit -There are 3 possible meanings: 1) "baptised in water" or 2) "born physically" or 3) "born of the Holy Spirit" - AT: "born spiritually by the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +There are two possible meanings: 1) "baptized in water and in the Spirit" or 2) "born physically and spiritually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# kingdom of God + +The word "kingdom" is a metaphor for the rule of God in one's life. AT: "he cannot experience the rule of God in his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/07.md b/jhn/03/07.md index 6b4f292b63..5361d5e64b 100644 --- a/jhn/03/07.md +++ b/jhn/03/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus continues speaking to Nicodemus. -## You must be born again ## +# You must be born again -"You must be born from above" or "God must give you life". See notes on [John 3:3](./03.md). +"You must be born from above" -## The wind blows wherever it wishes ## +# The wind blows wherever it wishes -There's a double meaning here. In the source language, wind and Spirit are the same word. Alternate translation: "The Holy Spirit is like a wind that blows wherever he wants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +In the source language, wind and Spirit are the same word. The speaker here refers to the wind as if it were a person. AT: "The Holy Spirit is like a wind that blows wherever it wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/09.md b/jhn/03/09.md index 13502d9696..9b6c0e3f7a 100644 --- a/jhn/03/09.md +++ b/jhn/03/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## How can these things be? ## +# How can these things be? -This is a rhetorical question adding emphasis to the statement. Alternate Translation: "This cannot be!" or "This is not able to happen!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question adds emphasis to the statement. AT: "This cannot be!" or "This is not able to happen!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Are you a teacher of Israel, and yet you do not understand these things? ## +# Are you a teacher of Israel, and yet you do not understand these things? -This is a rhetorical question adding emphasis to the statement. Alternate Translation: "You are a teacher of Israel, so I am surprised you do not understand these things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question adds emphasis to the statement. AT: "You are a teacher of Israel, so I am surprised you do not understand these things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Truly, truly ## +# Truly, truly -Translate this as you did in [John 1:49](../01/49.md). +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). -## we speak ## +# we speak -When Jesus said "we", he did not include Nicodemus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +When Jesus said "we," he was not including Nicodemus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/12.md b/jhn/03/12.md index b80e06222f..78eee68843 100644 --- a/jhn/03/12.md +++ b/jhn/03/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## how will you believe if I tell you ## +# Connecting Statement: -in both places "you" is singular. +Jesus continues responding to Nicodemus. -## how will you believe if I tell you? ## +# how will you believe if I tell you about heavenly things? -"You certainly will not believe if I tell you about heavenly things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question emphasizes the disbelief of Nicodemus. AT: "You certainly will not believe if I tell you about heavenly things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## heavenly things ## +# how will you believe if I tell you -spiritual things. \ No newline at end of file +In both places "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# heavenly things + +spiritual things + +# heaven + +This means the place where God lives. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/14.md b/jhn/03/14.md index 02967d79c0..729a3a6a3f 100644 --- a/jhn/03/14.md +++ b/jhn/03/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## as Moses lifted up the serpent ## +# Just as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so must the Son of Man be lifted up -Not a real serpent. A made-up serpent; made of bronze - a type of metal. +This figure of speech is called a simile. Some people will "lift up" Jesus just as Moses "lifted up" the bronze serpent in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## in the wilderness ## +# in the wilderness -The wilderness is a dry, desert place, but here it refers specifically to the place where Moses and the Israelites walked around for 40 years. - -## As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so the Son of Man must be lifted up ## - -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The wilderness is a dry, desert place, but here it refers specifically to the place where Moses and the Israelites walked around for forty years. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/16.md b/jhn/03/16.md index 9efd482211..bfb80ea682 100644 --- a/jhn/03/16.md +++ b/jhn/03/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## God so loved the world ## +# God so loved the world -"world" refers to everyone in the world who believes in Jesus, rather than everyone who exists. +Here "world" is a metonym that refers to everyone in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## unique Son ## +# loved -"one and only Son" +This is the kind of love that comes from God and is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. God himself is love and is the source of true love. -## condemn ## +# For God did not send the Son into the world in order to condemn the world, but in order to save the world through him -"punish" \ No newline at end of file +These two clauses mean nearly the same thing, said twice for emphasis, first in the negative and then in the positive. Some languages may indicate emphasis in a different way. AT: God's real reason for sending his Son into the world was to save it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# condemn + +"punish" + +# not condemned + +These two negative ideas can be stated in positive form. AT: "judged to be innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/19.md b/jhn/03/19.md index a2c14ecab3..0ed022efe3 100644 --- a/jhn/03/19.md +++ b/jhn/03/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## so that his deeds might not be exposed ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "so that the light would not show the things he does" or "so that the light does not make clear his deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Jesus finishes responding to Nicodemus. -## his deeds may be clearly seen ## +# The light has come into the world -AT: "people may clearly see his deeds" or "everyone may clearly see the things he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "light" is a metaphor for God's truth that is revealed in Jesus. The "world" is a metonym for all of the people who live in "the world." AT: the one who is like a light has revealed God's truth to the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# men loved the darkness + +Here "darkness" is a metaphor for the area that has not received the "light" of God's revelation in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that his deeds will not be exposed + +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "so that the light will not show the things he does" or "so that the light does not make clear his deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# plainly seen that his deeds + +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "people may clearly see his deeds" or "everyone may clearly see the things he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/22.md b/jhn/03/22.md index f34bfcd246..c2b7d20b18 100644 --- a/jhn/03/22.md +++ b/jhn/03/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## because there was much water there ## +# After this -"because there were many springs in that place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This refers to after Jesus had spoken with Nicodemus. See how you translated this in [John 2:12](../02/12.md). -## Aenon ## +# Aenon -this word means "springs" +This word means "springs." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Salim ## +# Salim -a village or town next to the Jordan River +a village or town next to the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## were being baptized ## +# because there was much water there -"John was baptizing them" or "he was baptizing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"because there were many springs in that place" + +# were being baptized + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "John was baptizing them" or "he was baptizing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/25.md b/jhn/03/25.md index 83bbcef0fa..c75fbb9d7d 100644 --- a/jhn/03/25.md +++ b/jhn/03/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Then there arose a dispute between some of John's disciples and a Jew ## +# Then there arose a dispute between some of John's disciples and a Jew -"Then John's disciples and a Jew began to argue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in an active form for clarity. AT: "Then John's disciples and a Jew began to argue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## an argument arose ## - -"an argument began" or "started" - -## argument ## +# a dispute a fight using words -## see, he is baptizing ## +# look, he is baptizing -In this phrase, "see" is a command meaning "pay attention!" Alternate Translation: "Look! He is baptizing" or "Look at that! He is baptizing" \ No newline at end of file +In this phrase, "look" is a command meaning "pay attention!" AT: "Look! He is baptizing" or "Look at that! He is baptizing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/27.md b/jhn/03/27.md index 48b9bac5ed..9be1114ece 100644 --- a/jhn/03/27.md +++ b/jhn/03/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## A person cannot receive even one thing unless ## +# A man cannot receive anything unless "Nobody has any power unless" -## you yourselves ## +# it has been given to him from heaven -This "you" is plural and refers to all the people John is talking to. Alternate Translation: "You all" or "All of you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pluralpronouns]]) +Here "heaven" is used as a metonym to refer to God. This can be stated in an active form. AT: "God has given it to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I have been sent before him ## +# You yourselves -"God sent me to arrive first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This "You" is plural and refers to all the people John is talking to. AT: "You all" or "All of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# I have been sent before him + +This can be stated in an active form. AT: "God sent me to arrive before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/29.md b/jhn/03/29.md index 8e81d5a1f7..d19e24a041 100644 --- a/jhn/03/29.md +++ b/jhn/03/29.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + John the Baptist continues speaking. -## He who has the bride is the bridegroom ## +# The bride belongs to the bridegroom -"The bridegroom marries the bride." or "The groom has the bride." +Here the "bride" and "bridegroom" are metaphors. Jesus is like the "bridegroom" and John is like the friend of the "bridegroom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## This, then, is my joy made complete ## +# This, then, is my joy made complete -"So then I rejoice greatly" or "So I rejoice much." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So then I rejoice greatly" or "So I rejoice much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## my joy ## +# my joy The word "my" refers to John the Baptist, the one who is speaking. -## He must increase ## +# He must increase -"He" refers to the bridegroom, Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +"He" refers to the bridegroom, Jesus, who will continue to grow in importance. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/31.md b/jhn/03/31.md index f0c07cb516..d07520957a 100644 --- a/jhn/03/31.md +++ b/jhn/03/31.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -John the Baptist continues speaking. +# He who comes from above is above all -## He who comes from above is above all ## +"He who comes from heaven is more important than anyone" -John is speaking about Jesus. AT: "He who comes from heaven rules over everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# He who is from the earth is from the earth and speaks about the earth -## He who is of the earth is from the earth and speaks of earthly things ## +John means that Jesus is greater than he is since Jesus is from heaven, and John was born on the earth. AT: "He who is born in this world is like everyone else who lives in the world and he speaks about what happens in this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -John is contrasting himself with Jesus. John does not mean that since he is born on the earth that he is evil. He means that Jesus is greater than he is since Jesus is from heaven and John was born on the earth. AT: "He who is born in this world is like everyone else who lives in the world and he speaks about what happens in this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## He who comes from heaven is above all ## +# He who comes from heaven is above all This means the same thing as the first sentence. John repeats this for emphasis. -## He testifies to what he has seen and heard ## +# He testifies about what he has seen and heard -John is speaking about Jesus. AT: "The one from heaven tells about what he has seen and heard in heaven" +John is speaking about Jesus. AT: "The one from heaven tells about what he has seen and heard in heaven." -## no man accepts his testimony ## +# no one accepts his testimony -AT: "very few people believe him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here John exaggerates to emphasize that only a few people believe Jesus. AT: "very few people believe him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## He who has received his testimony ## +# He who has received his testimony -"He" refers to any person. "A person who believes what Jesus" +"Anyone who believes what Jesus says" -## has confirmed ## +# has confirmed "proves" or "agrees" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/34.md b/jhn/03/34.md index a3538eff53..fbdbfec7d3 100644 --- a/jhn/03/34.md +++ b/jhn/03/34.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -John the Baptist continues speaking. +# Connecting Statement: -## For the one whom God has sent ## +John the Baptist finishes speaking. + +# For the one whom God has sent "This Jesus, whom God has sent to represent him" -## For he does not give the Spirit by measure. ## +# For he does not give the Spirit by measure -"Because he is the one to whom God gave all the power of his Spirit." +"For he is the one to whom God gave all the power of his Spirit" -## He that believes ## +# Father ... Son + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# given ... into his hand + +This means to be put in his power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# He who believes "A person who believes" or "Anyone who believes" -## wrath of God abides on him ## +# wrath of God stays on him -"wrath of God stays with him" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "wrath" can be translated with the verb "punish." AT: "God will continue to punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/03/intro.md b/jhn/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5347fde0ec --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# John 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Light ##### +These are common images in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "We know that you are a teacher come from God" ##### +Although this appears to be a display of faith, it is not. This is because believing Jesus is "only a teacher" shows a lack of awareness of who he truly is. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### "Son of Man" ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. It may not be possible in every language to have someone speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/01.md b/jhn/04/01.md index 156a157021..ef6935082b 100644 --- a/jhn/04/01.md +++ b/jhn/04/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Now when Jesus knew ## +# General Information: -The word "now" here is used to mark a change of topic in the story; the story changes from John the Baptist's words in the previous verses to Jesus' actions here. +This is the next part of the story which is about Jesus and a Samaritan woman. These verses give background information for this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Jesus himself was not baptizing ## +# Now when Jesus knew that the Pharisees had heard that he was making ... John (although ... were), he left ... Galilee -"It was not actually Jesus who was baptizing people." The word "himself" is added to emphasize Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Now Jesus was making ... John (although ... were), and the Pharisees had heard about the success he was having. He learned that the Pharisees had heard, so he left ... Galilee" + +# Now when Jesus knew + +The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main events. Here John starts to tell a new part of the narrative. + +# Jesus himself was not baptizing + +The reflexive pronoun "himself" adds emphasis that it was not Jesus who was baptizing, but his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/06.md b/jhn/04/06.md index fdb59515ae..24cbb7d9aa 100644 --- a/jhn/04/06.md +++ b/jhn/04/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Give me some water ## +# Give me some water -a polite request, not a command \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite request, not a command. + +# For his disciples had gone + +He did not ask his disciples to draw water for him because they had gone. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/09.md b/jhn/04/09.md index 41a6f6ce8b..170f8aa167 100644 --- a/jhn/04/09.md +++ b/jhn/04/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## have no dealings with ## +# Then the Samaritan woman said to him -"do not associate with" \ No newline at end of file +The word "him" refers to Jesus. + +# How is it that you, being a Jew, are asking ... for something to drink? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Samaritan woman's surprise that Jesus asked her for a drink. AT: "I cannot believe that you, being a Jew, are asking a Samaritan for a drink!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# have no dealings with + +"do not associate with" + +# living water + +Jesus uses the metaphor "living water" to refer to the Holy Spirit who works in a person to transform and bring new life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/11.md b/jhn/04/11.md index d2a963e0e1..970e4a06b4 100644 --- a/jhn/04/11.md +++ b/jhn/04/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## You are not greater, are you, than our father Jacob...? ## +# You are not greater, are you, than our father Jacob ... cattle? -"You could not be greater than our father Jacob..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This remark occurs in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "You are not greater than our father Jacob ... cattle!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# our father Jacob + +"our ancestor Jacob" + +# drank from it + +"drank water that came from it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/13.md b/jhn/04/13.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0e94c3ee37 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/04/13.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# will be thirsty again + +"will need to drink water again" + +# the water that I will give him will become a fountain of water in him + +Here the word "fountain" is a metaphor for life-giving water. AT: "the water that I will give him will become like a spring of water in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# eternal life + +Here "life" refers to the "spiritual life" that only God can give. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/15.md b/jhn/04/15.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9f49d9f5a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/04/15.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Sir + +In this context, the Samaritan woman is addressing Jesus as "Sir," which is a term of respect or politeness. + +# draw water + +"get water" or "pull water up from the well" using a container and rope \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/17.md b/jhn/04/17.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9d7ea84131 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/04/17.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# You are right in saying ... What you have said is true + +Jesus repeats this statement to emphasize that he knows the woman is telling the truth. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/19.md b/jhn/04/19.md index ce70f713df..e20c073d5b 100644 --- a/jhn/04/19.md +++ b/jhn/04/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## I see that you are a prophet ## +# Sir -"I can understand that you are a prophet" \ No newline at end of file +In this context the Samaritan woman is addressesing Jesus as "sir," which is a term of respect or politeness. + +# I see that you are a prophet + +"I can understand that you are a prophet" + +# fathers + +"forefathers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/21.md b/jhn/04/21.md index 68ecda55ce..3a55df38b7 100644 --- a/jhn/04/21.md +++ b/jhn/04/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## You people worship what you do not know. We worship that which we know ## +# Believe me -Jesus means that God revealed himself and his commands to the Jewish people, not to the Samaritans. Through the scriptures the Jewish people know who God is better than the Samaritans. +To believe someone is to acknowledge what the person has said is true. -## for salvation is from the Jews ## +# You worship what you do not know. We worship what we know -This does not mean the Jewish people will save others from their sins. It means God has chosen the Jews as his special people that will tell all other people about his salvation. AT: "for all people will know about God's salvation because of the Jews" \ No newline at end of file +Jesus means that God revealed himself and his commands to the Jewish people, not to the Samaritans. Through the Scriptures the Jewish people know who God is better than the Samaritans. + +# you will worship the Father ... for salvation is from the Jews + +Eternal salvation from sin comes from God the Father, who is Yahweh, the God of the Jews. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# for salvation is from the Jews + +This does not mean the Jewish people will save others from their sins. It means God has chosen the Jews as his special people who will tell all other people about his salvation. AT: "for all people will know about God's salvation because of the Jews." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/23.md b/jhn/04/23.md index 19ac7af1bd..17ee338cca 100644 --- a/jhn/04/23.md +++ b/jhn/04/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## However, the hour is coming, and now is here, when ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "But the time has already arrived when" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Jesus continues speaking to the Samaritan woman. -## worship in spirit ## +# However, the hour is coming, and is now here, when true worshipers will -"worship as his Spirit directs" \ No newline at end of file +"However, it is now the right time for true worshipers to" + +# the Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# worship in spirit and truth + +"worship him in the right way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/25.md b/jhn/04/25.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..86783e19cb --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/04/25.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# I know that the Messiah ... Christ + +Both of these words mean "God's promised king." + +# he will explain everything to us + +The words "explain everything" imply all that the people need to know. AT: "he will tell us everything we need to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/27.md b/jhn/04/27.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..94a4278c60 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/04/27.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# At that moment his disciples returned + +"Just as Jesus was saying this, his disciples returned from town" + +# Now they were wondering why he was speaking with a woman + +It was very unusual for a Jew to speak with a woman he did not know, especially if that woman was a Samaritan. + +# no one said, "What ... want?" or "Why ... her?" + +Possible meanings are 1) the disciples asked both questions to Jesus or 2) "no one asked the woman, 'What ... want?' or asked Jesus, 'Why ... her?'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/28.md b/jhn/04/28.md index d137f9527a..f8671aa8a5 100644 --- a/jhn/04/28.md +++ b/jhn/04/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## This could not be the Christ, could it? ## +# Come, see a man who told me everything that I have ever done -Translation alternative - "Could this man be the Christ?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +The Samaritan woman exaggerates to show that she is impressed by how much Jesus knows about her. AT: "Come see a man who knows very much about me, even though I have never met him before!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# This could not be the Christ, could it? + +The woman is not sure that Jesus is the Christ, so she asks a question that expects "no" for an answer, but she also asks a question instead of making a statement because she wants the people to decide for themselves. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/31.md b/jhn/04/31.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c614eb05da --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/04/31.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# In the meantime + +"While the woman was going into town" + +# the disciples were urging him + +"the disciples were telling Jesus" or "the disciples were encouraging Jesus" + +# I have food to eat that you do not know about + +Here Jesus is not talking about literal "food," but is preparing his disciples for a spiritual lesson in [John 4:34](./34.md). + +# No one has brought him anything to eat, have they? + +The disciples think Jesus is talking about literal "food." They begin asking each other this question, expecting a "no" response. AT: "Surely no one brought him any food while we were in town!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/34.md b/jhn/04/34.md index f65b51bbc0..3932b69ca3 100644 --- a/jhn/04/34.md +++ b/jhn/04/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## My food is to do the will of him who sent me and to complete his work ## +# My food is to do the will of him who sent me and to complete his work -"just as food is what satisfies a hungry person, obeying God's will is what satisfies me". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "food" is a metaphor that represents "obeying God's will." AT: "Just as food satisfies a hungry person, obeying God's will is what satisfies me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Do you not say ## +# Do you not say "Is this not one of your popular sayings" -## they are already ripe for harvest ## +# look up and see the fields, for they are already ripe for harvest -"They are read to accept my message, like crops in fields that are ready for people to harvest." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "fields" and "ripe for harvest" are metaphors. The "fields" represent the non-Jewish people or Gentiles. The words "ripe for harvest" mean that the Gentiles are ready to receive the message of Jesus, just as fields are ready to be harvested. AT: "look up and see these non-Jewish people! They are ready to accept my message, just like crops in the fields are ready for people to harvest them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He who is harvesting receives wages and gathers fruit for everlasting life + +Jesus indicates that there is a reward for those "work in his fields" and share his message. The ones who receive his message will also receive the eternal life that God offers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/37.md b/jhn/04/37.md index 4a929387a1..d0442e0ba4 100644 --- a/jhn/04/37.md +++ b/jhn/04/37.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## you yourselves have entered into their labor ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "yourselves" emphasizes the previous "you". Translate this using what your language uses to put emphasis on a person (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. + +# One sows, and another harvests + +The words "sows" and "harvests" are metaphors. The one who "sows" shares the message of Jesus. The one who "harvests" helps the people to receive the message of Jesus. AT: "One person plants the seeds, and another person harvests the crops." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you have entered into their labor + +"you are now joining in their work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/39.md b/jhn/04/39.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..72417b05e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/04/39.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# believed in him + +To "believe in" someone means to "trust in" that person. Here this also means that they believed he was the Son of God. + +# He told me everything that I have done + +This is an exaggeration. The woman was impressed by how much Jesus knew about her. AT: "He told me many things about my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/41.md b/jhn/04/41.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8dbc7ee59b --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/04/41.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# his word + +Here "word" is a metonym that stands for the message that Jesus proclaimed. AT: "his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# world + +The "world" is a metonym that refers to all the people who live in the world. AT: "all the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/43.md b/jhn/04/43.md index 685a8af4f5..ad93f89a15 100644 --- a/jhn/04/43.md +++ b/jhn/04/43.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## For Jesus himself declared ## +# General Information: -The word "himself" is added for additional emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) +This is the next part of the story in which Jesus goes down to Galilee and heals a boy. Verse 44 gives us background information about something Jesus had said previously. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## a prophet has no honor in his own country ## +# from there -“people do not show respect or honor to a prophet of their own country” or “a prophet is not respected by the people in his community” \ No newline at end of file +from Judea + +# For Jesus himself declared + +The reflexive pronoun "himself" is added to emphasize that Jesus had "declared" or said this.. You can translate this in your language in a way that will give emphasis to a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# a prophet has no honor in his own country + +"people do not show respect or honor to a prophet of their own country" or "a prophet is not respected by the people in his own community" + +# at the festival + +Here the festival is the Passover. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/46.md b/jhn/04/46.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..793e427ac6 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/04/46.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline and to move to a new part of the story. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you may consider using it. + +# royal official + +someone who is in the service of the king \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/48.md b/jhn/04/48.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d6d79feb61 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/04/48.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Unless you see signs and wonders, you will not believe + +"Unless ... not believe" is a double negative. In some languages it is more natural to translate this statement in a positive form. AT: "Only if you see a miracle will you believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# believed the word + +Here "word" is a metonym that refers to the message that Jesus spoke. AT: "believed the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/51.md b/jhn/04/51.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0e636195c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/04/51.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# While + +This word is used to mark two events that are happening at the same time. As the official was going home, his servants were coming to meet him on the road. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/53.md b/jhn/04/53.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..75ea14ee51 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/04/53.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# So he himself and his whole household believed + +The reflexive pronoun "himself" is used here to emphasize the word "he." If you have a way of doing this in your language, you may consider using it. + +# sign + +Miracles can also be called "signs" because they are used as indicators or evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/04/intro.md b/jhn/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f0ceb98040 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# John 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +John 4:4-38 forms one story centered on the teaching of Jesus as the "living water," providing eternal life to all who believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "It was necessary for him to pass through Samaria" ##### +Normally, the Jews would have avoided traveling through the region of Samaria. The Samaritans were viewed as ungodly people because they were descendants of the northern kingdom of Israel who intermarried with pagan peoples. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/kingdomofisrael]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### The proper place of worship ##### +One of the greatest sins committed by the Samaritan people in history was that they set up a false temple in their territory to rival the temple in Jerusalem. This is the mountain the woman refers to in [John 4:20](./19.md). The Jews rightly demanded that all Israelites worship in Jerusalem because that was where Yahweh lived. Jesus explains that the location of the temple does not matter anymore. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Harvest ##### +The imagery of harvesting is used in this chapter. This is a metaphor that represents bringing people to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### "The Samaritan woman" ##### +The Samaritan woman is probably intended to contrast with the Jewish reaction towards Jesus. "Jesus himself declared that a prophet has no honor in his own country" ([John 4:44](./43.md)). There were many reasons the Jews would have seen this woman as untrustworthy. She was a Samaritan, an adulterer, and a woman. Despite this, she did what God required of her. She believed in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "In spirit and truth" ##### +True worship is no longer directed to a place, but is now directed towards the person of Jesus. In addition to this, worship is no longer done through priests. Everyone can directly worship God. This phrase implies that the proper worship of God can now be done without physically offering sacrifices and can be done more completely because of greater revelation given to man. There are many additional understandings of this passage. It may be best to leave this phrase as generic as possible in translation so as to not exclude other possible meanings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/01.md b/jhn/05/01.md index 98488f6170..660fa2ee96 100644 --- a/jhn/05/01.md +++ b/jhn/05/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## After this ## +# General Information: -After he had healed the official's son ([John 4:46](../04/46.md)) +This is the next event in the story, in which Jesus goes up to Jerusalem and heals a man. These verses give background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## went up to Jerusalem ## +# After this -Jerusalem is located on the top of a hill. Roads to Jerusalem went up and down smaller hills, but if your language has a different word for going up a hill than for walking on level ground, use it here. +This refers to after Jesus healed the official's son. See how you translated this in [John 3:22](../03/22.md). -## pool ## +# there was a Jewish festival -a hole in the ground filled with water +"the Jews were celebrating a festival" -## Bethesda ## +# went up to Jerusalem -"Bethesda" means house of mercy (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Jerusalem is located on the top of a hill. Roads to Jerusalem went up and down smaller hills. If your language has a different word for going up a hill than for walking on level ground, you may use it here. -## roofed porticos ## +# pool -roofed structures with at least one wall missing attached to buildings +This was a hole in the ground that people filled with water. Sometimes they lined the pools with tiles or other stonework. -## a great number ## +# Bethesda -"many" +"Bethesda" means house of mercy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## verse 4 ## +# roofed porches -Some early texts have this verse, but others do not. We suggest you combine verses 3 and 4 with a verse bridge (3-4) as in the ULB and UDB rather than leave and empty verse. \ No newline at end of file +roofed structures with at least one wall missing and attached to buildings + +# A large number of people + +"Many people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/05.md b/jhn/05/05.md index 7639db86f4..7b4bd40125 100644 --- a/jhn/05/05.md +++ b/jhn/05/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## was there ## +# General Information: -"was at Bethesda pool" ([John 5:1](./01.md)) +Verse 5 introduces the man lying beside the pool to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## thirty-eight years ## +# was there -eight years** - "38 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"was at the Bethesda pool" ([John 5:1](./01.md)) -## he realized ## +# thirty-eight years -"he understood" \ No newline at end of file +"38 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# he realized + +"he understood" or "he found out" + +# he said to him + +"Jesus said to the paralyzed man" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/07.md b/jhn/05/07.md index cff08c2ea4..b230462099 100644 --- a/jhn/05/07.md +++ b/jhn/05/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## when the water is stirred up ## +# Sir, I do not have -"when the angel moves the water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). +Here the word "sir" is a polite form of address. -## another steps down before me ## +# when the water is stirred up -"someone else always enters the water before me." People would go down a staircase to get into the water in the pool. +This can be translated in an active form. AT: "when the angel moves the water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## get up ## +# into the pool -"stand up" +This was a hole in the ground that people filled with water. Sometimes they lined the pools with tiles or other stonework. See how you translated "pool" in [John 5:2](./01.md). -## take up your mat ## +# another steps down before me -"pick up your sleeping mat" \ No newline at end of file +"someone else always goes down the steps into the water before me" + +# Get up + +"Stand up!" + +# take up your bed, and walk + +"Pick up your sleeping mat, and walk!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/09.md b/jhn/05/09.md index 34ff98e243..f7316a0bb2 100644 --- a/jhn/05/09.md +++ b/jhn/05/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the man was healed ## +# the man was healed -"the man was healthy again" +"the man became healthy again" -## Now ## +# Now that day was a Sabbath -This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. \ No newline at end of file +"Now that day was God's Day of Rest" + +# Now + +"Now" is used here to draw attention to background information. It emphasizes the fact that this event takes place on the Sabbath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/10.md b/jhn/05/10.md index 60ebb3b06c..5c6cbf4437 100644 --- a/jhn/05/10.md +++ b/jhn/05/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## He who made me well ## +# So the Jews said to him + +The Jews (especially the leaders of the Jews) became angry when they saw the man carrying his mat on the Sabbath. + +# It is the Sabbath + +"It is God's Day of Rest" + +# He who made me healthy "The man who made me well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/12.md b/jhn/05/12.md index 2787d2fe6e..8b7b21e0e1 100644 --- a/jhn/05/12.md +++ b/jhn/05/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## They asked him ## +# They asked him "The Jewish leaders asked the man who was healed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/14.md b/jhn/05/14.md index b77abb84d1..0adc501f1a 100644 --- a/jhn/05/14.md +++ b/jhn/05/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Jesus found him ## +# Jesus found him "Jesus found the man he had healed" -## See ## +# See -Alternate translations: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” \ No newline at end of file +The word "See" is used here to draw attention to the words that follow. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/16.md b/jhn/05/16.md index 7b5eff963c..a27c467e1b 100644 --- a/jhn/05/16.md +++ b/jhn/05/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here John starts to tell a new part of the story. +"Now" marks John's summary statement about the attitude of the Jewish leaders toward Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## making himself equal to God ## +# is working -"saying that he was like God" or "saying that he had as much authority as God" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to doing labor, including anything that is done to serve other people. + +# the Jews + +Here "the Jews" is a synecdoche which represent the "Jewish leaders." AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# making himself equal to God + +"saying that he was like God" or "saying that he had as much authority as God" + +# My Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/19.md b/jhn/05/19.md index f7069e12fa..1455120968 100644 --- a/jhn/05/19.md +++ b/jhn/05/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([John 5:16](./16.md)). +# Connecting Statement: -## Truly, truly ## +Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders. -Translate this as you did in [John 1:49](../01/49.md). +# Truly, truly -## you will be amazed ## +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). -"you will be surprised" or "you will be shocked" \ No newline at end of file +# you will be amazed + +"you will be surprised" or "you will be shocked" + +# whatever the Father is doing, the Son does these things also. For the Father loves the Son + +Jesus, as the Son of God, followed and obeyed his Father's leadership on earth, because Jesus knew the Father loved him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Son ... Father + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# loves + +The kind of love that comes from God is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. God himself is love and is the source of true love. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/21.md b/jhn/05/21.md index 3a055e06d0..dd289791d7 100644 --- a/jhn/05/21.md +++ b/jhn/05/21.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([John 5:16](./16.md)). \ No newline at end of file +# For as the Father raises the dead and gives them life ... the Son also gives life to whomever he wishes + +The word "for" marks a comparison. The Son of God (God the Son) gives life just like God the Father gives life. + +# Father ... Son + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# life + +This refers to "spiritual life." + +# For the Father judges no one, but he has given all judgment to the Son + +The word "for" marks a comparison. The Son of God carries out judgment for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# honor the Son just as ... the Father. The one who does not honor the Son does not honor the Father + +God the Son must be honored and worshiped just like God the Father. If we fail to honor God the Son, then we also fail to honor God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/24.md b/jhn/05/24.md index a8deabffa0..abaca9a2cc 100644 --- a/jhn/05/24.md +++ b/jhn/05/24.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([John 5:16](./16.md)). +# Truly, truly -## Truly, truly ## +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). -Translate this as you did in [John 1:49](../01/49.md). \ No newline at end of file +# he who hears my word + +Here "word" is a metonym that represents the message of Jesus. AT: "anyone who hears my message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will not be condemned + +This can be stated positively. AT: "will be judged to be innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/25.md b/jhn/05/25.md index 095069e12b..3f17ba46b7 100644 --- a/jhn/05/25.md +++ b/jhn/05/25.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([John 5:16](./16.md)). +# Truly, truly -## truly, truly ## +Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). -This is a way of marking emphasis. Translate it however you would add emphasis to an important phrase in your language. \ No newline at end of file +# the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live + +The voice of Jesus, the Son of God, will raise dead people from the grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/26.md b/jhn/05/26.md index 3a055e06d0..8b2c20a743 100644 --- a/jhn/05/26.md +++ b/jhn/05/26.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([John 5:16](./16.md)). \ No newline at end of file +# For just as the Father has life in himself, so he has also given to the Son so that he has life in himself + +The word "For" marks a comparison. The Son of God has the power to give life, just as the Father does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Father ... Son of Man + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# life + +This means spiritual life. + +# the Father has given the Son authority to carry out judgment + +The Son of God has the authority of God the Father to judge. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/28.md b/jhn/05/28.md index 7ccde64d6f..372c85210b 100644 --- a/jhn/05/28.md +++ b/jhn/05/28.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([John 5:16](./16.md)). +# Do not be amazed at this -## hear his voice ## +"This" refers to the fact that Jesus, as the Son of Man, has the power to give eternal life and to carry out judgment. -"hear the voice of the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) \ No newline at end of file +# hear his voice + +"hear my voice" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/30.md b/jhn/05/30.md index a145fea9f2..2eeaf0ffd5 100644 --- a/jhn/05/30.md +++ b/jhn/05/30.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([John 5:16](./16.md)). +# the will of him who sent me -## can do nothing from ## +The word "him" refers to God the Father. -Translate this the same way you translated it in [John 5:19](./19.md). \ No newline at end of file +# There is another who testifies about me + +"There is someone else who tells people about me" + +# another + +This refers to God. + +# the testimony that he gives about me is true + +"what he tells people about me is true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/33.md b/jhn/05/33.md index 7a6eac55c3..be8575156a 100644 --- a/jhn/05/33.md +++ b/jhn/05/33.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([John 5:16](./16.md)). - -## the testimony that I receive is not from man ## +# the testimony that I receive is not from man "I do not need people's testimony" -## John was a lamp that was burning and shining ## +# that you might be saved -John displayed God's holiness in the way that a lamp shines light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so God can save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# John was a lamp that was burning and shining + +Here "lamp" is a metaphor. John displayed God's holiness in the same way a lamp gives light. AT: "John was like a lamp that was burning and shining" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/36.md b/jhn/05/36.md index 9f64105a76..d54291f5b4 100644 --- a/jhn/05/36.md +++ b/jhn/05/36.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([John 5:16](./16.md)). +# the works that the Father has given me to accomplish ... that the Father has sent me -## You do not have his word remaining in you, for you are not believing in the one whom he has sent ## +God the Father has sent God the Son, Jesus, to earth. Jesus completes what the Father gives him to do. -"You are not believing in the one whom he has sent. That is how I know that you do not have his word remaining in you" +# The Father who sent me has himself testified -## remaining in you ## +The reflexive pronoun "himself" emphasizes that it is the Father, not someone less important, who has testified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -"staying with you" \ No newline at end of file +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the very works that I do, testify about me + +Here Jesus says that the miracles "testify" or "tell the people" about him. AT: "What I do shows the people that God has sent me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# You do not have his word ... in you, for you are not believing in the one whom he has sent + +"You do not believe in the one he has sent. That is how I know that you do not have his word remaining in you" + +# remaining in you + +"living in you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/39.md b/jhn/05/39.md index a89f90d3c3..7d935625e2 100644 --- a/jhn/05/39.md +++ b/jhn/05/39.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([John 5:16](./16.md)). +# in them you have eternal life -## in them you have eternal life ## +"you will find eternal life if you read them" or "the scriptures will tell you how you can have eternal life" -"you will find eternal life if you read the scriptures" or "the scriptures will tell you how you can have eternal life" \ No newline at end of file +# you are not willing to come to me + +"you refuse to believe my message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/41.md b/jhn/05/41.md index 664796b6d9..d1fcc30a98 100644 --- a/jhn/05/41.md +++ b/jhn/05/41.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([John 5:16](./16.md)). - -## receive ## +# receive "accept" -## you do not have the love of God in yourselves ## +# you do not have the love of God in yourselves -This can mean 1) "you really do not love God" (see UDB) or 2) "you have really not received God's love." \ No newline at end of file +This can mean 1) "you really do not love God" or 2) "you have really not received God's love." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/43.md b/jhn/05/43.md index 5243545f34..27050eb505 100644 --- a/jhn/05/43.md +++ b/jhn/05/43.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([John 5:16](./16.md)). +# in my Father's name -## How can you believe, you who accept praise...God? ## +Here the word "name" is a metonym that symbolizes God's power and authority. AT: "I have come with my Father's authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"There is no way you can believe, because you accept praise...God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# receive + +"accept" + +# If another should come in his own name + +The word "name" is a metonym that represents authority. AT: "If another should come in his own authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# How can you believe, you who accept praise ... God? + +This remark appears in the form of a question in order to add emphasis. AT: "There is no way you can believe because you accept praise ... God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# believe + +This means to trust in Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/45.md b/jhn/05/45.md index 7e69bd753e..4ba51f31cc 100644 --- a/jhn/05/45.md +++ b/jhn/05/45.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders ([John 5:16](./16.md)). +# The one who accuses you is Moses ... your hopes -## If you do not believe his writings, how are you going to believe my words? ## +"Moses" is a metonym here that stands for the law itself. AT: "Moses accuses you in the Law, the very Law in which you have put your hopes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"You do not believe his writings, so you will never believe my words!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# your hopes -## my words? ## +"your confidence" or "your trust" -"what I say?" \ No newline at end of file +# If you do not believe his writings, how are you going to believe my words? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to provide emphasis. AT: "You do not believe his writings, so you will never believe my words!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# my words + +"what I say" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/05/intro.md b/jhn/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1d06068031 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# John 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Porticos ##### +Many of the Jews believed these porticos had healing properties. This happened when the waters were "stirred up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### "The resurrection of judgment" ##### +This is a reference to a time after death when all of mankind will be judged. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Son, Son of God ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as "the Son," the "Son of Man" and the "Son of God." Some languages may struggle having a person refer to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]]) + +##### "He has testified concerning me" ##### +Jesus speaks about the Old Testament testifying concerning himself. The Old Testament gives many prophecies concerning the Messiah which described Jesus before he came to earth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/01.md b/jhn/06/01.md index 36e58ccabb..c3087480f1 100644 --- a/jhn/06/01.md +++ b/jhn/06/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## After these things ## +# General Information: -The phrase "these things" refers to the events in [John 5:1](../05/01.md). Alternate translation: "Some time later." +This is the next part of the story. Jesus has traveled from Jerusalem to Galilee. A crowd has followed him up a mountainside. These verses tell the setting of this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Jesus went away ## +# After these things -"Jesus went across" (UDB) or "Jesus traveled" +The phrase "these things" refers to the events in [John 5:1-46](../05/01.md). -## A great crowd ## +# Jesus went away -"A large number of people" \ No newline at end of file +It is implied in the text that Jesus traveled by boat and took his disciples with him. AT: "Jesus traveled by boat with his disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# A great crowd + +"A large number of people" + +# signs + +This refers to the miracles that are used as evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over everything. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/04.md b/jhn/06/04.md index 351d8a81d1..830ee22df6 100644 --- a/jhn/06/04.md +++ b/jhn/06/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Now ## +# General Information: -This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. +The action in the story begins in verse 5. -## (Now the Passover, the feast of the Jews, was near.) ## +# Now the Passover, the Jewish festival, was near John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to give background information about when the events happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## (Now Jesus said this to test Philip, for he himself knew what he was going to do.) ## +# But Jesus said this to test Philip, for he himself knew what he was going to do John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to explain why Jesus asked Philip where to buy bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## for he himself knew ## +# for he himself knew -The word "himself" here makes it clear that the word "he" refers to Jesus. Jesus knew what he would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +The reflexive pronoun "himself" makes it clear that the word "he" refers to Jesus. Jesus knew what he would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/07.md b/jhn/06/07.md index 2f9c3f71d4..69159ef869 100644 --- a/jhn/06/07.md +++ b/jhn/06/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## two hundred denarii worth of bread ## +# Two hundred denarii worth of bread -"bread that cost two hundred days' wages." "Denarii" is the plural of "denarius." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +The word "denarii" is the plural of "denarius. "AT: "The amount of bread that cost two hundred days' wages." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## barley loaves ## +# five bread loaves of barley -small, dense, round loaves of bread made from a common grain. +"Five loaves of barley bread." Barley was a common grain. -## what are these among so many? ## +# loaves -"these few loaves and fishes are not enough to feed so many people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +A loaf of bread is a lump of dough that is shaped and baked. These were probably small dense, round loaves. + +# what are these among so many? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that they do not have enough food to feed everyone. AT: "these few loaves and fishes are not enough to feed so many people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/10.md b/jhn/06/10.md index f7e7ca20c2..58eca3c697 100644 --- a/jhn/06/10.md +++ b/jhn/06/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## sit down ## +# sit down -or "lie down," depending on your local custom +"lie down" -## (Now there was much grass in the place.) ## +# Now there was a lot of grass in the place -This was a comfortable place for the people to sit. +John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to give background information about the place where this event happens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## the people...the men...the people ## +# So the men sat down, about five thousand in number -the crowd (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +While the crowd probably included women and children ([John 6:4-5](./04.md)), here John is counting only the men. -## five thousand in number ## +# giving thanks -While the crowd probably included women and children ([John 6:4](./04.md)), only the men were counted. +Jesus prayed to God the Father and thanked him for the fish and the loaves. -## giving thanks ## +# he gave it -Jesus is praying to God the Father and thanking him for the fish and the loaves. - -## he distributed ## - -Jesus broke the loaves and fish first and passed them to his disciples. The disciples then passed the bread and fish to the people. \ No newline at end of file +"he" here represents "Jesus and his disciples." AT: "Jesus and his disciples gave it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/13.md b/jhn/06/13.md index d83885a7a2..6cb353c63b 100644 --- a/jhn/06/13.md +++ b/jhn/06/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## they gathered ## +# General Information: + +Jesus withdraws from the crowd. This is the end of the part of the story about Jesus feeding the crowd on the mountain. + +# they gathered "the disciples gathered" -## left over ## +# left over the food that no one had eaten -## this sign ## +# this sign -Jesus feeding the 5,000 people with five barley loaves and two fish \ No newline at end of file +Jesus feeding the 5,000 people with five barley loaves and two fish + +# the prophet + +the special prophet who Moses said would come into the world \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/16.md b/jhn/06/16.md index 7c96e7b3c5..8b90459d85 100644 --- a/jhn/06/16.md +++ b/jhn/06/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## (It was dark by this time, and Jesus had not yet come to them.) ## +# Connecting Statement: + +This is the next event in the story. Jesus' disciples go out onto the lake in a boat. + +# It was dark by this time, and Jesus had not yet come to them Use your language's way of showing that this is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/19.md b/jhn/06/19.md index d6f1b1de00..ae2a57d4c9 100644 --- a/jhn/06/19.md +++ b/jhn/06/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the disciples had rowed ## +# they had rowed -Boats usually had two, four or six people rowing with rowers on each side working together. Your culture may have different ways of making a boat go across a large body of water. +Boats usually had two, four, or six people rowing with rowers on each side working together. Your culture may have different ways of making a boat go across a large body of water. -## about twenty-five or thirty stadia ## +# about twenty-five or thirty stadia -five or thirty stadia** - "about five or six kilometers." A "stadium" is 185 meters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) \ No newline at end of file +A "stadium" is 185 meters. AT: "about five or six kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# Do not be afraid + +"Stop being afraid!" + +# they were willing to receive him into the boat + +It is implied that Jesus gets into the boat. AT: "they gladly received him into the boat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/22.md b/jhn/06/22.md index f75744ad01..cfe5632a79 100644 --- a/jhn/06/22.md +++ b/jhn/06/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the sea ## +# the sea -the Sea of Galilee +"the Sea of Galilee" -## (However, there were...the Lord had given thanks.) ## +# However, there were ... the Lord had given thanks Use your language's way of showing that this is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## boats that came from Tiberias ## +# boats that came from Tiberias -The boats came after the disciples left but before the people "saw that there was no other boat there." \ No newline at end of file +Here, John provides more background information. The next day, after Jesus fed the people, some boats with people from Tiberius came to see Jesus. However, Jesus and his disciples had left the night before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/24.md b/jhn/06/24.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..400ed91bd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/06/24.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + +The people go to Capernaum to find Jesus. When they see him, they start asking him questions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/26.md b/jhn/06/26.md index 7189cf59b0..439f536ea4 100644 --- a/jhn/06/26.md +++ b/jhn/06/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Truly, truly ## +# Truly, truly -Translate this as you did in [John 1:49](../01/49.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# eternal life which the Son of Man will give you, for God the Father has set his seal on him + +God the Father has given his approval to Jesus, the Son of Man, to give eternal life to those who believe in him. + +# Son of Man ... God the Father + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# has set his seal on him + +To "set a seal" on something means to place a mark on it to show to whom it belongs. This means that the Son belongs to the Father and that the Father approves of him in every way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/30.md b/jhn/06/30.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..84bf5a498d --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/06/30.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# fathers + +"forefathers" or "ancestors" + +# heaven + +This refers to the place where God lives. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/32.md b/jhn/06/32.md index 0288ccd4d2..924fe9ae40 100644 --- a/jhn/06/32.md +++ b/jhn/06/32.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the people ([John 6:32](./32.md)). +# Truly, truly -## Truly, truly ## +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). -Translate this as you did in [John 1:49](../01/49.md). +# it is my Father who is giving you the true bread from heaven -## true bread ## +The "true bread" is a metaphor for Jesus. AT: "The Father gives to you the Son as the true bread from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -Jesus is comparing himself to bread. Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# my Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# gives life to the world + +"gives spiritual life to the world" + +# the world + +Here the "world" is a metonym for all of the people in the world who trust in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/35.md b/jhn/06/35.md index 5bdab85ae6..7d5869f80f 100644 --- a/jhn/06/35.md +++ b/jhn/06/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the people ([John 6:32](./32.md)). +# I am the bread of life -## I am the bread of life ## +Through metaphor, Jesus compares himself with bread. Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. AT: "Just as food keeps you alive physically, I can give you spiritual life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Jesus is comparing himself to bread. Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# believes in -## he who comes to me I will absolutely not drive away ## +This means to believe that Jesus is the Son of God, to trust him as Savior, and to live in a way that honors him. -"I will keep everyone who comes to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Everyone whom the Father gives me will come to me + +God the Father and God the Son will save forever those who believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# he who comes to me I will certainly not throw out + +This sentence states the opposite of what it means for emphasis. AT: "I will keep everyone who comes to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/38.md b/jhn/06/38.md index 6715542756..f97d7dee0f 100644 --- a/jhn/06/38.md +++ b/jhn/06/38.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the people ([John 6:32](./32.md)). +# Connecting Statement: -## him who sent me ## +Jesus continues speaking to the crowd. -"my Father, who sent me" \ No newline at end of file +# him who sent me + +"my Father, who sent me" + +# I would lose not one of all those + +Here litotes is used to emphasize that Jesus will keep everyone that God gives to him. AT: "I should keep all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/41.md b/jhn/06/41.md index a12472a979..1447ba2ffd 100644 --- a/jhn/06/41.md +++ b/jhn/06/41.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -The Jewish leaders interrupt Jesus as is speaking to the people ([John 6:32](./32.md)). +# Connecting Statement: -## grumble ## +The Jewish leaders interrupt Jesus as he is speaking to the crowd. -talk unhappily +# grumbled -## I am the bread ## +talked unhappily -Translate this as you did in [John 6:35](./35.md). \ No newline at end of file +# I am the bread + +Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. See how you translated this in [John 6:35](./35.md). AT: "I am the one who is like true bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Is not this Jesus ... whose father and mother we know? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders believe that Jesus is no one special. AT: "This is just Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How then does he now say, 'I have come down from heaven'? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders do not believe that Jesus came from heaven. AT: "He is lying when he says that he came from heaven!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/43.md b/jhn/06/43.md index 714aa5bf03..1b74102534 100644 --- a/jhn/06/43.md +++ b/jhn/06/43.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the people and now also to the Jewish leaders ([John 6:32](./32.md)). +# Connecting Statement: -## draws ## +Jesus continues speaking to the crowd and now also to the Jewish leaders. -This can mean 1) "pulls" ([John 21:4](../21/04.md)) or 2) "attracts" ([John 12:32](../12/32.md)) +# draws -## It is written in the prophets ## +This can mean 1) "pulls" or 2) "attracts." -"The prophets wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# It is written in the prophets + +This is a passive statement that can be translated in an active form. AT: "The prophets wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to me + +The Jews thought Jesus was the "son of Joseph" (See: [John 6:42](./41.md)), but he is the Son of God because his Father is God, not Joseph. Those who truly learn from God the Father believe in Jesus, who is God the Son. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/46.md b/jhn/06/46.md index e3e09e52e7..1457915224 100644 --- a/jhn/06/46.md +++ b/jhn/06/46.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Jesus now continues speaking to all those listening to him ([John 6:32](./32.md)). +# Connecting Statement: -## Truly, truly ## +Jesus now continues speaking to the crowd and the Jewish leaders. -Translate this as you did in [John 1:49](../01/49.md). \ No newline at end of file +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# Not that anyone has seen the Father, except he who is from God + +Although no human who is alive on earth has seen God the Father, Jesus, the Son of God, has seen the Father. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# he who believes has eternal life + +God gives "eternal life" to those who trust in Jesus, the Son of God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/48.md b/jhn/06/48.md index 084c3eb8cc..f1dd5bf226 100644 --- a/jhn/06/48.md +++ b/jhn/06/48.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him ([John 6:32](./32.md)). +# I am the bread of life -## I am the bread of life ## +Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. See how you translated this in [John 6:35](./35.md). AT: "Just like food that keeps you alive physically, I can give you spiritual life that lasts forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Translate this as you did in [John 6:35](./35.md). \ No newline at end of file +# fathers + +"forefathers" or "ancestors" + +# died + +This refers to physical death. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/50.md b/jhn/06/50.md index d3c8e09a83..06b6b566c7 100644 --- a/jhn/06/50.md +++ b/jhn/06/50.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him ([John 6:32](./32.md)). +# This is the bread -## This is the bread ## +Here "bread" is a metaphor that points to Jesus who is the one who gives spiritual life just as bread sustains physical life. AT: "I am like the true bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -See [John 6:35](./35.md). +# not die -## living bread ## +"live forever." Here the word "die" refers to spiritual death. -This can mean 1) the same as "the bread of life" ([John 6:35](./35.md)) or 2) "bread that is alive," as people or animals are alive, the opposite of "dead." \ No newline at end of file +# living bread + +This means "the bread that causes people to live" ([John 6:35](./35.md)). + +# for the life of the world + +Here "the world" is a metonym that represents the lives of all the people in the world. AT: "that will give life to all the people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/52.md b/jhn/06/52.md index 154f5f669c..34ababd8cb 100644 --- a/jhn/06/52.md +++ b/jhn/06/52.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him ([John 6:32](./32.md)). +# Connecting Statement: -## Truly, truly ## +Some Jews who are present begin to argue among themselves and Jesus responds to their question. -Translate this as you did in [John 1:49](../01/49.md). +# How can this man give us his flesh to eat? -## eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood ## +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders are reacting negatively to what Jesus has said about "his flesh." AT: "There is no way that this man can give us his flesh to eat!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Receiving the Son of Man in faith is like receiving food and drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood + +Here the phrases "eat the flesh" and "drink his blood" are metaphors that show how trusting in Jesus, the Son of Man, is like receiving spiritual food and drink. AT: "receive the Son of Man just like you receive food and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will not have life in yourselves + +"you will not receive eternal life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/54.md b/jhn/06/54.md index b1903084dd..f4e4868e04 100644 --- a/jhn/06/54.md +++ b/jhn/06/54.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him ([John 6:32](./32.md)). +# Connecting Statement: -## true food ... true drink ## +Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him. -Receiving Jesus in faith provides everlasting life the same way food and drink nourish the physical body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has everlasting life + +The phrases "eats my flesh" and "drinks my blood" are metaphors. Just as one requires food and drink in order to have physical life, those who trust in Jesus will have spiritual life. AT: "whoever trusts me for their spiritual food and drink will have eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# at the last day + +"on the day when God judges everyone" + +# my flesh is true food ... my blood is true drink + +The words "true food" and "true drink" are metaphors that mean Jesus provides spiritual food and drink to those who trust in him. Receiving Jesus in faith provides everlasting life the same way food and drink nourish the physical body. AT: "I am truly spiritual food and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# remains in me, and I in him + +"has a close relationship with me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/57.md b/jhn/06/57.md index 985da02af2..578d461e42 100644 --- a/jhn/06/57.md +++ b/jhn/06/57.md @@ -1,5 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him ([John 6:32](./32.md)). +# so he who eats me -## living Father ## +"the one who trusts in me" -This can mean 1) "the Father who gives life" (see UDB) or 2) “the Father who is alive,” as people or animals are alive, the opposite of “dead” ([John 6:50](./50.md)). \ No newline at end of file +# living Father + +Possible meanings are 1) "the Father who gives life" or 2) "the Father who is alive." + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# This is the bread that has come down from heaven + +The "bread" is a metaphor for Jesus, who has come from heaven. AT: "I am like bread that has come from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He who eats this bread + +This is a metaphor. Those who trust in Jesus for their spiritual life are like those who rely on physical bread or food for their physical lives. AT: "Whoever trusts in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fathers + +"forefathers" or "ancestors" + +# Jesus said these things in the synagogue ... in Capernaum + +Here John gives background information about when this event happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/60.md b/jhn/06/60.md index c863698609..633564e6fe 100644 --- a/jhn/06/60.md +++ b/jhn/06/60.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him ([John 6:32](./32.md)). +# Connecting Statement: -## Who can accept it? ## +Some of the disciples ask a question and Jesus responds, as he continues speaking to the crowd. -"No one can accept it." or "It is unacceptable." +# who can accept it? -## Does this offend you? ## +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the disciples have difficulty understanding what Jesus has said. AT: "no one can accept it!" or "it is too hard to understand!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "I am surprised that this offends you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Does this offend you? -## offend you ## - -"cause you to give up your faith" or "disgusts you" \ No newline at end of file +"Does this shock you?" or "Does this upset you?" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/62.md b/jhn/06/62.md index ad26f1f1d2..4fcf396f85 100644 --- a/jhn/06/62.md +++ b/jhn/06/62.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him ([John 6:32](./32.md)). +# Then what if you should see the Son of Man going up to where he was before? -## what if you should see the Son of Man ascending to where he was before? ## +Jesus offers this remark in the form of a question to emphasize that his disciples will see other things that are also hard to understand. AT: "Then you will not know what to think when you see me, the Son of Man, going up into heaven!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"Perhaps you will believe my message if you see me, the one who came from heaven, ascending there to where I was before!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# profits -## words ## +The word "profit" means to cause good things to happen. -"message." Possible meanings: 1) his words in [John 6:32](./32.md) or 2) everything he teaches (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# words -## are spirit, and they are life ## +"Words" is a metonym that could possibly mean: 1) Jesus' words in [John 6:32-58](./32.md) or 2) everything Jesus teaches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -These two words have very similar meanings. AT: "What I have told you brings spiritual life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file +# The words that I have spoken to you + +"What I have told you" + +# are spirit, and they are life + +Possible meanings are 1) "are about the Spirit and eternal life" or 2) "are from the Spirit and give eternal life" or 3) "are about spiritual things and life." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/64.md b/jhn/06/64.md index 0058bdec49..6b3c68af60 100644 --- a/jhn/06/64.md +++ b/jhn/06/64.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him ([John 6:32](./32.md)). +# Connecting Statement: -## come to me ## +Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd. -"follow me" \ No newline at end of file +# For Jesus knew from the beginning who were the ones ... who it was who would betray him + +Here John gives background information about what Jesus knew would happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# no one can come to me unless it is granted to him by the Father + +Whoever wants to believe must come to God through the Son. Only God the Father allows people to come to Jesus. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# come to me + +"follow me and receive eternal life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/66.md b/jhn/06/66.md index 6188c584a1..191a1b4bb1 100644 --- a/jhn/06/66.md +++ b/jhn/06/66.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## his disciples ## +# Lord, to whom shall we go? + +Simon Peter gives this remark in the form of a question to emphasize that he desires to follow only Jesus. AT: "Lord, we could never follow anyone but you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# his disciples Here "his disciples" refers to the general group of people who followed Jesus. -## the twelve ## +# the twelve -This is a specific group of twelve men who followed Jesus for his entire ministry. This could also be translated "the twelve disciples." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an ellipsis for "the twelve disciples," a specific group of twelve men who followed Jesus for his entire ministry. AT: "the twelve disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/70.md b/jhn/06/70.md index 753dfb454a..6c7ccd24ee 100644 --- a/jhn/06/70.md +++ b/jhn/06/70.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Did not I choose you, the twelve, and one of you is a devil? ## +# General Information: -"I chose you all myself, yet one of you is a servant of Satan." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Verse 71 is not part of the main storyline as John comments on what Jesus said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Did not I choose you, the twelve, and one of you is a devil? + +Jesus gives this remark in the form of a question to draw attention to the fact that one of the disciples will betray him. AT: "I chose you all myself, yet one of you is a servant of Satan!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/06/intro.md b/jhn/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..25faaddfe4 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# John 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Make him king" ##### +While not all scholars agree on the exact reason Jesus did not want to be made king, it is generally agreed that the people did not have the right motivation for making him king. They wanted him to be king because he gave them food. They failed to recognize the truth that he already is the king of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Bread ##### +Jesus uses the imagery of bread in this chapter. Bread's significance can be traced back to the daily provision God provided to Israel in the desert for 40 years and the events of the Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +##### "I am ... " ##### +John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name Yahweh at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "Gives to me ... comes to me" ##### +These phrases are used to mean that many will "come to believe in Jesus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### "Eat my flesh and drink my blood" ##### +This should clearly be seen as a metaphor. It is a reference to the practice instituted during Jesus' last meal when Jesus used bread and wine to represent his flesh and blood. This is a reference to Jesus' death for sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Parenthetical Ideas ##### +Several times in this passage, John explains something or gives the reader some context to better understand the story. These explanation are intended to give the reader some additional knowledge without interrupting the flow of the narrative. The information is placed inside parentheses. + +##### "Son of Man, Son" ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. It may not be possible in every language to have someone speaking in the first person to refer to themselves in the third person. + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/01.md b/jhn/07/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89f27845da --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/07/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + +This is the next part of the story. Jesus is in Galilee speaking to his brothers. These verses tell about when this event occurred. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# After these things + +"After he finished speaking with the disciples" (See: [John 6:66-71](../06/66.md)) or "Some time later" + +# traveled + +"walked" + +# the Jews were seeking to kill him + +Here "the Jews" is a synecdoche for "the Jewish leaders." AT: "the Jewish leaders were making plans to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Now the Jewish Festival of Shelters was near + +"Now the time for the festival of the Jews was near" or "Now it was almost time for the Jewish festival of Shelters" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/03.md b/jhn/07/03.md index bd863f9ccf..659e655f5c 100644 --- a/jhn/07/03.md +++ b/jhn/07/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## the world ## +# brothers -"all people" or "everyone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the actual younger brothers of Jesus, the sons of Mary and Joseph. + +# the works that you do + +The word "works" refers to the miracles that Jesus had performed. + +# he himself + +The word "himself" is a reflexive pronoun that emphasizes the word "he." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# the world + +Here "the world" is a metonym for all of the people in the world. AT: "all people" or "everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/05.md b/jhn/07/05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6a7de9a27d --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/07/05.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# For even his brothers did not believe in him + +This sentence is a break from the main storyline as John tells us some background information about the brothers of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# his brothers + +"his younger brothers" + +# My time has not yet come + +The word "time" is a metonym. Jesus is implying that it is not the right time for him to bring his ministry to a close. AT: "It is not the right time for me to end my work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your time is always ready + +"any time is good for you" + +# The world cannot hate you + +Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. AT: "All the people in the world cannot hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I testify about it that its works are evil + +"I tell them that what they are doing is evil" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/08.md b/jhn/07/08.md index 254940ffa0..7b6fa8df34 100644 --- a/jhn/07/08.md +++ b/jhn/07/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## you ## +# Connecting Statement: -plural (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus continues speaking to his brothers. + +# my time has not yet been fulfilled + +Here Jesus is implying that if he goes to Jerusalem, he will bring his work to an end. AT: "It is not the right time for me to go to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/10.md b/jhn/07/10.md index a5e6fece73..b243837656 100644 --- a/jhn/07/10.md +++ b/jhn/07/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## he also went up ## +# General Information: -Jerusalem is at a higher elevation. \ No newline at end of file +The setting of the story has changed, Jesus and his brothers are now at the festival. + +# when his brothers had gone up to the festival + +These "brothers" were the younger brothers of Jesus. + +# he also went up + +Jerusalem is at a higher elevation than Galilee where Jesus and his brothers were previously. + +# not publicly but in secret + +These two phrases mean the same thing. The idea is repeated for emphasis. AT: "very secretly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# The Jews were looking for him + +Here the word "Jews"is a synecdoche for "the Jewish leaders." The word "him" refers to Jesus. AT: "The Jewish leaders were looking for Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/12.md b/jhn/07/12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3703c21aff --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/07/12.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# fear + +This refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others. + +# the Jews + +The word "Jews" is a synecdoche for the leaders of the Jews who opposed Jesus. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/14.md b/jhn/07/14.md index 112536d7ee..2685c62069 100644 --- a/jhn/07/14.md +++ b/jhn/07/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## How does this man know so much? ## +# General Information: -"He cannot possibly know so much about the scriptures!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus is now teaching the Jews in the temple. -## is of him who sent me ## +# How does this man know so much? -The word "him" refers to God the Father. \ No newline at end of file +The remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize the Jewish leaders' surprise that Jesus has so much knowledge. AT: "He cannot possibly know so much about the scriptures!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# but is of him who sent me + +"but comes from God, the one who sent me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/17.md b/jhn/07/17.md index d34fda839f..ec16cf65c2 100644 --- a/jhn/07/17.md +++ b/jhn/07/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## but whoever seeks the glory of the one who sent him, that person is true, and there is no unrighteousness in him. ## +# Connecting Statement: -"But I am doing things so that others will honor the one who sent me, and I am someone who speaks the truth. I never lie." \ No newline at end of file +Jesus continues speaking to the Jews. + +# but whoever seeks the glory of him who sent him, that person is true, and there is no unrighteousness in him + +"when a person only seeks to honor the one who sent him, that person is speaking the truth. He does not lie" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/19.md b/jhn/07/19.md index 4a00322a8e..3fdcb5a39b 100644 --- a/jhn/07/19.md +++ b/jhn/07/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Did not Moses give you the law? ## +# Connecting Statement: -"It was Moses who gave you the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus continues speaking to the Jews. -## Why do you want to kill me? ## +# Did not Moses give you the law? -"You are trying to kill me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "It was Moses who gave you the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## You have a demon ## +# keeps the law -"You are crazy!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"obeys the law" -## Who wants to kill you? ## +# Why do you seek to kill me? -"No one is trying to kill you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus questions the motives of the Jewish leaders who want to kill him for breaking the law of Moses. He implies that the leaders themselves do not keep that same Law. AT: "You break the Law yourselves and yet you want to kill me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You have a demon + +"This shows that you are crazy, or maybe a demon is controlling you!" + +# Who seeks to kill you? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "No one is trying to kill you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/21.md b/jhn/07/21.md index f4336f1aef..61ebec4bfd 100644 --- a/jhn/07/21.md +++ b/jhn/07/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## one work ## +# one work "one miracle" or "one sign" -## (not that it is from Moses, but from the ancestors) ## +# you all marvel -Here the author provides additional information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file +"you all are shocked" + +# not that it is from Moses, but from the ancestors + +Here John provides additional information about circumcision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# on the Sabbath you circumcise a man + +Jesus implies that the act of circumcision also involves work. AT: "you circumcise a male baby on the Sabbath. That is working too!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# on the Sabbath + +"on the Jewish Day of Rest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/23.md b/jhn/07/23.md index f097bc93c6..d1c3a514e6 100644 --- a/jhn/07/23.md +++ b/jhn/07/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## why are you angry with me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath ## +# If a man receives circumcision on the Sabbath so that the law of Moses is not broken -"You should not be angry with me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"If you circumcise a male baby on the Sabbath so that you do not break the law of Moses" + +# why are you angry with me because I made a man completely healthy on the Sabbath? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "you should not be angry with me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# on the Sabbath + +"on the Jewish Day of Rest?" + +# Do not judge according to appearance, but judge righteously + +Jesus implies that the people should not decide what is right, based only on what they can see. Behind the action is a motive that cannot be seen. AT: "Stop judging people according to what you see! Be more concerned with what is right according to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/25.md b/jhn/07/25.md index 5e0ece20e5..331b1436a8 100644 --- a/jhn/07/25.md +++ b/jhn/07/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Is not this he whom they seek to kill? ## +# Is not this the one they seek to kill? -"This is Jesus whom they are seeking to kill." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "This is Jesus whom they are seeking to kill!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they say nothing to him + +This implies that the Jewish leaders are not opposing Jesus. AT: "they say nothing to oppose him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It cannot be that the rulers indeed know that this is the Christ, can it? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "Maybe they have decided that he is truly the Messiah!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/28.md b/jhn/07/28.md index 6e37d12b95..18f0f3a41e 100644 --- a/jhn/07/28.md +++ b/jhn/07/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## you both know me and know where I come from ## +# cried out -you-plural (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +"spoke in a loud voice" -## he who sent me is true ## +# in the temple -"He who sent me is a true witness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus and the people were actually in the courtyard of the temple. AT: "in the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You both know me and know where I come from + +John uses irony in this statement. The people believe that Jesus is from Nazareth. They do not know that God sent him from heaven and that he was born in Bethlehem. AT: "You all know me and you think you know where I come from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# of myself + +"on my own authority." See how you translated "of himself" in [John 5:19](../05/19.md). + +# he who sent me is true + +"God is the one who sent me and he is true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/30.md b/jhn/07/30.md index ad378dfa95..a6b55b8722 100644 --- a/jhn/07/30.md +++ b/jhn/07/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## When the Christ comes, will he do more signs than what this man has done ## +# his hour had not yet come -"When the Christ comes, he will not be able to do more signs than this man has done." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "hour" is a metonym that represents the right time for Jesus to be arrested, according to God's plan. AT: "it was not the right time to arrest him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# When the Christ comes, will he do more signs than what this one has done? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "When the Christ comes, surely he will not be able to do more signs than this man has done!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# signs + +This refers to the miracles that prove that Jesus is the Christ. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/33.md b/jhn/07/33.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..91725378ae --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/07/33.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# I am still with you for a short amount of time + +"I will remain with you for only a short period of time" + +# then I go to him who sent me + +Here Jesus refers to God the Father, who sent him. + +# where I go, you will not be able to come + +"you will not be able to come to the place where I am" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/35.md b/jhn/07/35.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a3d6edb453 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/07/35.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# The Jews therefore said among themselves + +The "Jews" is a synecdoche that represents the leaders of the Jews who opposed Jesus. AT: "The Jewish leaders said among themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the dispersion + +This refers to the Jews that were spread all across the Greek world, outside of Palestine. + +# What is this word that he said + +This "word" is a metonym which stands for the meaning of the message that Jesus had shared, which the Jewish leaders had failed to understand. AT: "What is he talking about when he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/37.md b/jhn/07/37.md index 2fc522f517..506fb56edf 100644 --- a/jhn/07/37.md +++ b/jhn/07/37.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Now ## +# General Information: -The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. +Some time has passed. It is now the last day of the festival and Jesus speaks to the crowd. -## great day ## +# great day -It is "great" because it is the last, or most-important day of the festival. +It is "great" because it is the last, or most important, day of the festival. -## If anyone is thirsty ## +# If anyone is thirsty -desire for the things of God, just as one desires or "thirsts" for water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the word "thirsty" is a metaphor that means one's great desire for the things of God, just as one "thirsts" for water. AT: "Those who desire the things of God like a thirty man desires water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## let him come to me and drink ## +# let him come to me and drink -The word "him" refers to "anyone." The word "drink" here represents finding spiritual fulfillment in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "drink" is a metaphor that means to receive the spiritual life that Jesus provides. AT: "let him come to me and quench his spiritual thirst" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the Scripture ## +# He who believes in me, just as the scripture says -"Scripture" stands for the Messianic prophecies concerning Christ. This is not a direct quote from any one Old Testament passage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"As the scripture says about anyone who believes in me" -## flow rivers of living water ## +# rivers of living water will flow -Christ will provide relief for spiritually "thirsty" people in a great amount that flows out helping everyone around. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The "rivers of living water" is a metaphor that represents the life that Jesus provides for those who are spiritually "thirsty." AT: "spiritual life will flow like rivers of water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## living water ## +# living water -This means 1) "water that gives life" or "water that causes people to live" (UDB) or 2) natural water that flows from a spring, as opposed to water that needs to be taken from a well (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "water that gives life" or 2) "water that causes people to live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from his stomach + +Here the stomach represents the inside of a person, specifically the non-physical part of a person. AT: "from inside of him" or "from his heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/39.md b/jhn/07/39.md index 7a46c5d631..d20f61a8d2 100644 --- a/jhn/07/39.md +++ b/jhn/07/39.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## But he ## +# General Information: -"he" refers to Jesus \ No newline at end of file +In this verse the author gives information to clarify what Jesus is talking about. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# But he + +Here "he" refers to Jesus. + +# the Spirit had not yet been given + +John implies that the Spirit would later come to live in those who trusted Jesus. AT: "the Spirit had not yet come to live in the believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# because Jesus was not yet glorified + +Here the word "glorified" refers to the time when God would honor the Son after his death and resurrection. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/40.md b/jhn/07/40.md index bf2340e431..6e31977b4d 100644 --- a/jhn/07/40.md +++ b/jhn/07/40.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## What, does the Christ come from Galilee? ## +# This is indeed the prophet -"The Christ cannot come from Galilee" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +By saying this, the people are indicating that they believe Jesus is the prophet like Moses that God had promised to send. AT: "This is indeed the prophet who is like Moses that we have been waiting for!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Have not the Scriptures said that the Christ will come from the line of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was? ## +# Does the Christ come from Galilee? -"The Scriptures teach that Christ will come from the line of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "The Christ cannot come from Galilee!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Have not the Scriptures said ## +# Have the scriptures not said that the Christ will come from the descendants of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was? -"The prophets wrote in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "The scriptures teach that Christ will come from the line of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have the scriptures not said + +The scriptures are referred to as if they were actually speaking as a person speaks. AT: "The prophets wrote in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# where David was + +"where David lived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/43.md b/jhn/07/43.md index 8ed9b26c69..0f860692ea 100644 --- a/jhn/07/43.md +++ b/jhn/07/43.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## arose a division ## +# So there arose a division in the crowds because of him -the crowds could not agree about who or what Jesus was. +The crowds could not agree about who or what Jesus was. -## but no one laid hands on him ## +# but no one laid hands on him -"but no one took hold of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +To lay hands on someone is an idiom which means to grab him or to hold onto him. AT: "but no one grabbed him to arrest him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/45.md b/jhn/07/45.md index f945586811..f9cdc7f8b6 100644 --- a/jhn/07/45.md +++ b/jhn/07/45.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## officers ## +# officers -refers to Temple guards +"temple guards" -## Why did you not bring him ## +# Never has anyone spoken like this -"You" here refers to the Temple guards. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) \ No newline at end of file +The officers exaggerate to show how impressed they are by what Jesus said. You may need to make explicit that the officer were not claiming to know everything that every person in all times and places had ever said. "We have never heard anyone say such amazing things as this man!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/47.md b/jhn/07/47.md index d750180388..0408771eaf 100644 --- a/jhn/07/47.md +++ b/jhn/07/47.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## "The Pharisees therefore answered them" ## +# So the Pharisees -"them" references the temple officers +"Because they said that, the Pharisees" -## "Have you also been led astray?" ## +# answered them -"you have been led astray too." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"answered the officers" -## "led astray" ## +# Have you also been deceived? -deceived +The remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. The Pharisees are shocked at the response of the officers. AT: "You have been deceived too!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## "Have any of the rulers believed in him, or any of the Pharisees? ## +# Have any of the rulers believed in him, or any of the Pharisees? -"None of the rulers or Pharisees have believed in him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "None of the rulers or Pharisees have believed in him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the law + +This is a reference to the law of the Pharisees and not the law of Moses. + +# But this crowd that does not know the law, they are cursed + +"As for this crowd that does not know the law, God will cause them to perish!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/50.md b/jhn/07/50.md index f16c318e56..7f8a07cafc 100644 --- a/jhn/07/50.md +++ b/jhn/07/50.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## our law judge a man ## +# one of the Pharisees, who came to him earlier -Nicodemus means that those who follow the law do not judge a man before a trial. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +John provides this information to remind us of who Nicodemus is. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Does our law judge a man..? ## +# Does our law judge a man ... what he does? -"Our Jewish law does not allow us to judge a man..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Our Jewish law does not allow us to judge a man ... what he does!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Are you also from Galilee? ## +# Does our law judge a man -"You must also be one of those inferior persons from Galilee!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Nicodemus speaks of the law as if it were a person. If this is not natural in your language, you may translate it with a personal subject. AT: "Do we judge a man" or "we do not judge a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Are you also from Galilee? + +The Jewish leaders know that Nicodemus is not from Galilee. They ask this question as a way of scoffing at him. AT: "You must also be one of those inferior persons from Galilee!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Search and see + +This is an ellipsis. You may wish to include the information that does not appear. AT: "Search carefully and read what is written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# no prophet comes from Galilee + +This probably refers to the belief that Jesus was born in Galilee. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/53.md b/jhn/07/53.md index f92b1d444d..eca291ee5f 100644 --- a/jhn/07/53.md +++ b/jhn/07/53.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## 7:53 - 8:11 ## +# General Information: -8:11** - Some early texts do not have these verses. The ULB has set them apart in square brackets ([ ]) to show that John probably did not write them. Translators are encouraged to translate them, to set them apart with square brackets, and to include a footnote at the end like the one written on [John 8:9](../08/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) - -## every man ## - -This refers to all the men mentioned in [John 7:45](./45.md). \ No newline at end of file +The best early texts do not have 7:53 - 8:11. The ULB has set them apart in square brackets ([ ]) to show that John probably did not include them in his original text. Translators are encouraged to translate them, to set them apart with square brackets, and to include a footnote at the end like the one written on [John 8:11](../08/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/07/intro.md b/jhn/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..78b0b67050 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# John 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This whole chapter revolves around the concept of believing Jesus to be the Messiah. Some people believed this to be true while others rejected it. Some were willing to recognize his power and even the possibility that he was a prophet, but most were unwilling to believe that he was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +Translators may wish to include a note at verse 53 to explain to the reader why they have chosen or chosen not to translate verses 7:53-8:11. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "My time has not yet come" ##### +This phrase and "his hour had not yet come" are used in this chapter to indicate that Jesus is in control of the events unfolding in his life. + +##### "Living water" ##### +This is an important image used in the New Testament. It is a metaphor. Because this metaphor is given in a desert environment, it probably emphasizes that Jesus is able to give life sustaining nourishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +Jesus gives a prophecy about his life without an explicit statement in John [John 7:33-34](./33.md). + +##### Irony ##### +Nicodemus explains to the other Pharisees that the Law requires him to hear directly from a person before making a judgment about them. The Pharisees in turn made a judgment about Jesus without speaking to Jesus. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Did not believe in him" ##### +Jesus' brothers did not believe Jesus was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### "The Jews" ##### +This term is used in two different ways in this passage. It is used specifically in reference to the opposition of the Jewish leaders who were trying to kill him ([John 7:1](./01.md)). It is also used in reference to the people of Judea in general who had a positive opinion of Jesus ([John 7:13](./12.md)). The translator may wish to use the terms "Jewish leaders" and "Jewish people" or "Jews (leaders)" and "Jews (in general)." + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/01.md b/jhn/08/01.md index 2515e42935..43e6314e0b 100644 --- a/jhn/08/01.md +++ b/jhn/08/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## 7:53 - 8:11 ## +# Connecting Statement: -8:11** - Some early texts have these verses, but others do not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) +Verse 1 tells us where Jesus went at the end of the previous chapter. -## all the people ## +# General Information: -"many people" +While some texts have 7:53 - 8:11, the best and earliest texts do not include them. -## a woman caught in the act of adultery ## +# General Information: -"a woman that they had found committing adultery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The next part of the story begins in verse 2 as Jesus has returned to the temple. + +# all the people + +This is a general way of speaking. It means "many people." + +# The scribes and the Pharisees brought + +Here the phrase "the scribes and the Pharisees" is a synecdoche that represents some of the members of these two groups. AT: "Some scribes and Pharisees brought" or "Some men who taught the Jewish laws and some who were Pharisees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a woman caught in the act of adultery + +This is a passive statement. You may translate it in an active form. AT: "a woman whom they had found committing adultery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/04.md b/jhn/08/04.md index b7ebfa0ec3..9f5f1d3d42 100644 --- a/jhn/08/04.md +++ b/jhn/08/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## 7:53 - 8:11 ## +# General Information: -8:11** - Some early texts have these verses, but others do not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) +While some texts have 7:53 - 8:11, the best and earliest texts do not include them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) -## such persons ## +# such people "people like that" or "people who do that" -## Now in the law ## +# what do you say about her? -"Now" introduces background information that Jesus and the Jewish authorities understood. +"So you tell us. What should we do about her?" -## what do you say about her? ## +# to trap him -This can also be translated as a command. "So you tell us. What should we do about her?" +This means to use a trick question. -## to trap him ## +# so that they might have something to accuse him about -"to trick him." This means to use a trick question. - -## so that they might have something to accuse him about ## - -What they would accuse him of can be made explicit: "so that they could accuse him of saying something wrong" or "so that they could accuse him of not obeying the law of Moses or not obeying the Roman law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +What they would accuse him of can be made explicit. AT: "so that they could accuse him of saying something wrong" or "so that they could accuse him of not obeying the law of Moses or the Roman law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/07.md b/jhn/08/07.md index 99813f0ab4..79bdd3c6ae 100644 --- a/jhn/08/07.md +++ b/jhn/08/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## 7:53 - 8:11 ## +# General Information: -8:11** - Some early texts have these verses, but others do not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) +While some texts have 7:53 - 8:11, the best and earliest texts do not include them. -## When they continued ## +# When they continued -The word "they" refers to the scribes and Pharisees. (See [John 8:1](./01.md)) +The word "they" refers to the scribes and Pharisees. -## He who is without sin among you ## +# The one among you who has no sin -"If any of you is without sin" or "If any one of you has never sinned" +The abstract noun "sin" can be expressed with the verb sin. AT: "The one among you is has never sinned" or "If any one of you has never sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## among you ## - -Jesus was speaking to the scribes and Pharisees, and probably the crowd of people too. - -## let him ## +# let him "let that person" -## he stooped down ## +# he stooped down -"he bent over to reach the ground with his finger" \ No newline at end of file +"he bent down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/09.md b/jhn/08/09.md index 45049087d0..da6048da20 100644 --- a/jhn/08/09.md +++ b/jhn/08/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## 7:53 - 8:11 ## +# General Information: -8:11** - Some early texts have these verses, but others do not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) +While some texts have 7:53 - 8:11, the best and earliest texts do not include them. -## one by one ## +# one by one "one after another" -## Woman, where are your accusers ## +# Woman, where are your accusers -When Jesus called her "woman," he was not putting her down or making her feel small. If people would think that he was doing that, this could be translated without the word "Woman." \ No newline at end of file +When Jesus called her "woman," he was not trying to make her feel insignificant. If people in your language group would think that he was doing that, this can be translated without the word "Woman." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/12.md b/jhn/08/12.md index 44bdf696a0..bfa1a3fbda 100644 --- a/jhn/08/12.md +++ b/jhn/08/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## I am the light of the world ## +# General Information: -"I am the one who gives light to the world." This means Jesus brings God's true message to the world and rescues people from the darkness of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is the next part of the story. Jesus is speaking to a crowd near the treasury in the temple. -## the world ## +# I am the light of the world -AT: "the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the "light" is a metaphor for the revelation that comes from God. AT: "I am the one who gives light to the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he who follows me ## +# the world -"Everyone who follows me." This is a figurative way of saying "Everyone who does what I teach" or "Everyone who obeys me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a metonym for the people. AT: "the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## will not walk in the darkness ## +# he who follows me -"Walking in darkness" is a figurative way of talking about living sinfully. AT: "will not live as if he were in darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is an idiom that means "everyone who does what I teach" or "everyone who obeys me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you bear witness about yourself ## +# will not walk in the darkness + +To "walk in darkness" is a metaphor for living a sinful life. AT: "will not live as if he were in the darkness of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# light of life + +The "light of life" is a metaphor for the truth from God that gives spiritual life. AT: "truth that brings eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You bear witness about yourself "You are just saying these things about yourself" -## your witness is not true ## +# your witness is not true -"your witness is not valid." "You cannot be your own witness" or "What you say about yourself may not be true." \ No newline at end of file +The Pharisees are implying that the witness of only one person is not true because it cannot be verified. AT: "you cannot be your own witness" or "what you say about yourself may not be true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/14.md b/jhn/08/14.md index d9941a2b7e..2d6f863cd9 100644 --- a/jhn/08/14.md +++ b/jhn/08/14.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## Even if I bear witness about myself ## +# Even if I bear witness about myself "Even if I say these things about myself" -## the flesh ## +# the flesh -"human standards and the laws of men" (UDB) +"human standards and the laws of men" -## I judge no one ## +# I judge no one Possible meanings are 1) "I do not judge anyone yet" or 2) "I am not judging anyone now." -## if I judge ## +# if I judge -"if I judge people." Possible meanings are 1) "when I judge people" (sometime in the future) or 2) "whenever I judge people" (now) or 3) if I judge people" (now). +Possible meanings are 1) "if I judge people" or 2) "whenever I judge people" -## my judgment is true ## +# my judgment is true -Possible meanings are 1) "my judgment will be right" or 2) "my judgement is right" +Possible meanings are 1) "my judgment will be right" or 2) "my judgment is right." -## I am not alone ## +# I am not alone, but I am with the Father who sent me -The implied information is that he is not alone in his judgment. Alternate translation: "I am not alone in how I judge" or "I do not judge alone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus, the Son of God, has authority because of his special relationship with his Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## I am with the Father ## +# I am not alone -the Father also judges along with me" or "the Father judges as I do." +The implied information is that Jesus is not alone in his judgment. AT: "I am not alone in how I judge" or "I do not judge alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the Father who sent me ## +# I am with the Father -The phrase "who sent me" tells something more about the Father. Alternate translation: "The Father is the one who sent me." (See the section on clauses in [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]].) \ No newline at end of file +The Father and the Son judge together. AT: "the Father also judges with me" or "the Father judges as I do." + +# the Father + +This is an important title for God. If your language must state whose Father this is, you could say "my Father" since Jesus switches to that in the following verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/17.md b/jhn/08/17.md index 1c24256f3a..2565c40c15 100644 --- a/jhn/08/17.md +++ b/jhn/08/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus continues speaking to the Pharisees and other people about himself. -## Yes, and in your law ## +# Yes, and in your law -The word "yes" shows that Jesus is adding to what he was saying before. +The word "Yes" shows that Jesus is adding to what he was saying before. -## it is written ## +# it is written -"Moses wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is a passive phrase. You may translate it in an active form with a personal subject. AT: "Moses wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the testimony of two men is true ## +# the testimony of two men is true -"if two men say the same thing, people can know that it is true." +The logic implied here is that one person can verify the words of another. AT: "if two men say the same thing, then people know it is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I am he who bears witness about myself ## +# I am he who bears witness about myself -"I bear witness about myself" or "I am bringing evidence to you about myself" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus bears witness about himself. AT: "I give evidence to you about myself" + +# the Father who sent me bears witness about me + +The Father also bears witness about Jesus. You could make it explicit that this means Jesus' testimony is true. AT: "my Father who sent me also brings evidence about me. So you should believe that what we tell you is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Father + +This is an important title for God. If your language must state whose Father this is, you could say "my Father" since Jesus switches to that in the following verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/19.md b/jhn/08/19.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f1a4296586 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/08/19.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + +In verse 20 there is a break in Jesus' speaking where the author give us background information regarding where Jesus had been teaching. Some languages may require the information about the setting to be placed at the beginning of this part of the story in [John 8:12](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# You know neither me nor my Father; if you had known me, you would have known my Father also + +Jesus indicates that to know him is to also know the Father. Both Father and Son are God. "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# his hour had not yet come + +The word "hour" is a metonym for the time for Jesus to die. AT: "it was not yet the right time for Jesus to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/21.md b/jhn/08/21.md index cc20cfdb22..cd26d33376 100644 --- a/jhn/08/21.md +++ b/jhn/08/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## die in your sin ## +# Connecting Statement: -"die while you are still sinful" or "you will die while you are sinning" +Jesus continues speaking to the crowd. -## you cannot come ## +# die in your sin + +Here the word "die" refers to spiritual death. AT: "die while you are still sinful" or "you will die while you are sinning." + +# you cannot come "you are not able to come" -## Will he kill himself, he who said ## +# The Jews said -This can be translated as two separate questions. "Will he kill himself? Is that why he said" \ No newline at end of file +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for "the Jewish leaders." AT: "The Jewish leaders said" or "The Jewish authorities said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/23.md b/jhn/08/23.md index 04b67f7579..f1357cbbf1 100644 --- a/jhn/08/23.md +++ b/jhn/08/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Jesus responds to what the people asked him. +# You are from below -## unless you believe that I AM, you will die ## +"You were born in this world" -"if you do not believe that I AM, you will die" +# I am from above -## that I AM ## +"I came from heaven" -"that I am God" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +# You are of this world + +"You belong to this world" + +# I am not of this world + +"I do not belong to this world" + +# you will die in your sins + +"you will die without God's forgiving your sins" + +# that I AM + +Possible meanings are that 1) Jesus was identifying himself as Yahweh, which means "I am" or 2) Jesus expected the people to understand that he was referring to what he already said he was: "I am from above." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/25.md b/jhn/08/25.md index 082581f46f..97339c7169 100644 --- a/jhn/08/25.md +++ b/jhn/08/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## They said ## +# They said -The word "they" refers to the Jewish leaders. (See: [John 8:21](./21.md)) +The word "They" refers to the Jewish leaders. (See: [John 8:22](./21.md)) -## the Father ## +# these things I say to the world -"his Father" \ No newline at end of file +Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. AT: "these things I say to all the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Father + +This is a special title for God. Some languages may require the use of a possessive before the noun. AT: "his Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/28.md b/jhn/08/28.md index 48c18e62d0..5c21f0ab0e 100644 --- a/jhn/08/28.md +++ b/jhn/08/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## When you have lifted up ## +# When you have lifted up -"When you lift up." This had not happened yet. +This refers to placing Jesus on the cross to kill him. -## As the Father taught me ## +# Son of Man -"In the same way that the Father taught me" +Jesus used the title "Son of Man" to refer to himself. -## He who sent me ## +# I AM -The word "he" refers to the Father. +As God the Son, Jesus knows God the Father unlike anyone else. Possible meanings are 1) Jesus was identifying himself as Yahweh by saying, "I am God" or 2) Jesus was saying, "I am the one I claim to be." -## As Jesus was saying" ## +# As the Father taught me, I speak these things -"While Jesus was saying" \ No newline at end of file +"I am only saying what my Father taught me to say." The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# He who sent me + +The word "He" refers to God. + +# As Jesus was saying these things + +"As Jesus spoke these words" + +# many believed in him + +"many people trusted him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/31.md b/jhn/08/31.md index 69630f2e35..4b4362a585 100644 --- a/jhn/08/31.md +++ b/jhn/08/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## remain in my word ## +# remain in my word -"obey what I have said." (See: en:bible:team-info:training:topics:figures:idiom) +This is an idiom that means "to obey Jesus." AT: "obey what I have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the truth will set you free ## +# my disciples -"If you obey the truth, God will set you free." \ No newline at end of file +"my followers" + +# the truth will set you free + +This is personification. Jesus speaks of "the truth" as if it were a person. AT: "if you obey the truth, God will set you free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the truth + +This refers to what Jesus reveals about God. AT: "what is true about God." + +# how can you say, 'You will be set free'? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Jewish leaders' shock at what Jesus has said. AT: "We do not need to be set free!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/34.md b/jhn/08/34.md index 749983a437..88d5c82096 100644 --- a/jhn/08/34.md +++ b/jhn/08/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Truly, truly ## +# Truly, truly -Translate this as you did in [John 1:49](../01/49.md). +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). -## is slave of sin ## +# is the slave of sin -"is like a slave to sin." This implies that sin is like the person's slave master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the word "slave" is a metaphor. This implies that "sin" is like a master for the one who sins. AT: "is like a slave to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the house ## +# in the house -"in the household" +Here "house" is a metonym for "family." AT: "as a permanent member of a family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed ## +# the son remains forever -According to their customs the oldest son could set a slave in his household free. In the same way the Son of God can set people free. \ No newline at end of file +This is an ellipsis. You may translate it by including the implied words. AT: "the son is a member of the family forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# if the Son sets you free, you will be truly free + +Only Jesus, as the Son of God, can truly set people free. AT: "if you allow me to set you free, you will truly be free." + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/37.md b/jhn/08/37.md index a2d890cd9f..8f77ad8854 100644 --- a/jhn/08/37.md +++ b/jhn/08/37.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## my word ## +# Connecting Statement: -my teachings (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus continues speaking to the Jews. + +# my word has no place in you + +Here "word" is a metonym for the "teachings" or "message" of Jesus, which the Jewish leaders do not accept. AT: "you do not accept my teachings" or "you do not allow my message to change your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I say what I have seen with my Father + +"I am telling you about the things I saw when I was with my Father" + +# you also do what you heard from your father + +The Jewish leaders do not understand that by "your father" Jesus is referring to the devil. AT: "you also continue doing what your father has told you to do." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/39.md b/jhn/08/39.md index 0c092a2fce..20b7aa713f 100644 --- a/jhn/08/39.md +++ b/jhn/08/39.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Abraham did not do this ## +# father -AT: "Abraham never tried to kill anyone who told him the truth from God." \ No newline at end of file +"forefather" + +# Abraham did not do this + +"Abraham never tried to kill anyone who told him the true revelation from God" + +# You do the works of your father + +Jesus implies that their father is the devil. AT: "No! You are doing the things that your real father did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# We were not born in sexual immorality + +Here the Jewish leaders imply that Jesus does not know who his real father is. AT: "We do not know about you, but we are not illegitimate children" or "We were all born from proper marriages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# we have one Father: God + +Here the Jewish leaders claim God as their spiritual Father. This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/42.md b/jhn/08/42.md index 3fbd17994d..6de927cb87 100644 --- a/jhn/08/42.md +++ b/jhn/08/42.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Why do you not understand my words?" ## +# love -Jesus is using this question mainly to rebuke the Jewish leaders for not listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the kind of love that comes from God and is focused on the good of others (including those who are our enemies), even when it does not benefit oneself. + +# Why do you not understand my words? + +Jesus is using this question mainly to rebuke the Jewish leaders for not listening to him. AT: "I will tell you why you do not understand what I say!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# It is because you cannot hear my words + +Here "words" is a metonym for the "teachings" of Jesus. AT: "It is because you will not accept my teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You are of your father, the devil + +"You belong to your father, Satan" + +# the father of lies + +Here "father" is a metaphor for the one who originates all lies. AT: "he is the one who created all lies in the beginning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/45.md b/jhn/08/45.md index 680c501c4a..7718f42b67 100644 --- a/jhn/08/45.md +++ b/jhn/08/45.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Which one of you convicts me of sin? ## +# Connecting Statement: -"None of you can convict me of sin." Jesus asks this question to emphasize that he is sinless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus continues speaking to the Jews. -## why do you not believe me? ## +# because I speak the truth -"You have no reason for not believing in me." Jesus uses this question to rebuke the Jewish leaders for their unbelief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"because I tell you true things about God" + +# Which one of you convicts me of sin? + +Jesus uses this question to emphasize that he has never sinned. AT: "None of you can show that I have ever sinned!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If I speak the truth + +"If I say things that are true" + +# why do you not believe me? + +Jesus uses this question to scold the Jewish leaders for their unbelief. AT: "you have no reason for not believing in me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the words of God + +Here "words" is a metonym for the "message" of God. AT: "the message of God" or "the truth that comes from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/48.md b/jhn/08/48.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5e568ed7f --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/08/48.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# The Jews + +The "Jews" is a synecdoche that represents the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. AT: "The Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Do we not truly say that you are a Samaritan and have a demon? + +The Jewish leaders use this question to accuse Jesus and to dishonor him. AT: "We are certainly right in saying that you are a Samaritan and that a demon lives in you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/50.md b/jhn/08/50.md index 8d6c0836a4..de2634790e 100644 --- a/jhn/08/50.md +++ b/jhn/08/50.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## keeps my word ## +# Connecting Statement: -"obeys what I say" \ No newline at end of file +Jesus continues answering the Jews. + +# there is one seeking and judging + +This refers to God. + +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 01:51](../01/49.md). + +# keeps my word + +Here "word" is a metonym for the "teachings" of Jesus. AT: "obeys my teachings" or "does what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# see death + +This is an idiom that means to experience death. Here Jesus is referring to spiritual death. AT: "die spiritually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/52.md b/jhn/08/52.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ae23f28dc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/08/52.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Jews + +Here "Jews" is a metonym for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. AT: "Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# taste death + +This is an idiom that means to experience death. The Jewish leaders mistakenly assume that Jesus is speaking only about physical death. AT: "die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You are not greater than our father Abraham who died, are you? + +The Jewish leaders use this question to emphasize that Jesus is not greater than Abraham. AT: "You are certainly not greater than our father Abraham who indeed died!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# father + +"forefather" + +# Who do you make yourself out to be? + +The Jews use this question to rebuke Jesus for thinking that he is more important than Abraham. AT: "You should not think that you are so important!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/54.md b/jhn/08/54.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..759d9c5c21 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/08/54.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# it is my Father who glorifies me—about whom you say that he is your God + +The word "Father" is an important title for God. No one knows God the Father like Jesus, the Son of God. AT: "it is my Father who honors me, and you say that he is your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# keep his word + +Here "word" is a metonym for what God says. AT: "I obey what he says to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my day + +This is a metonym for what Jesus would accomplish during his life. AT: "what I would do during my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he saw it and was glad + +"he foresaw my coming through God's revelation and he rejoiced" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/57.md b/jhn/08/57.md index 2c887cbc16..7fd4720161 100644 --- a/jhn/08/57.md +++ b/jhn/08/57.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## You are not yet fifty years old, and have you seen Abraham? ## +# Connecting Statement: -"You are less than fifty years old. You couldn't have seen Abraham." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This is the end of the part of the story about Jesus speaking with the Jews in the temple, which began in [John 8:12](./12.md). -## Truly, truly ## +# The Jews said to him -Translate this as you did in [John 1:49](../01/49.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here the "Jews" is a synecdoche for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. AT: "The Jewish leaders said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# You are not yet fifty years old, and you have seen Abraham? + +The Jewish leaders use this question to express their shock that Jesus claims to have seen Abraham. AT: "You are less than fifty years old. You could not have seen Abraham!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# before Abraham was, I AM + +As God the Son, Jesus knows God the Father unlike anyone else. Possible meanings are 1) Jesus was identifying himself as Yahweh by saying, "I am God" or 2) Jesus was saying, "before Abraham existed, I existed." + +# Then they picked up stones to throw at him + +The Jewish leaders are outraged at what Jesus has said. Here it is implied that they wanted to kill him because he had made himself equal to God. AT: "Then they picked up stones to kill him because he claimed to be equal with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/08/intro.md b/jhn/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5bec616198 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# John 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Translators may wish to include a note at verse 1 to explain to the reader why they have chosen to or chosen not to translate verses 8:1-11. Because this is a controversial passage, it is best not to build theological conclusions from this passage. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Light ##### +Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as images representing sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]]) + +##### "I am ... " ##### + +John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name Yahweh at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." + +##### "A woman caught in the act of adultery" ##### +If the woman was caught in the act of adultery, there was a man who was also caught in the act of adultery. The man is noticeably absent from this account. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Son of Man" ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. It may not be possible in every language to have someone speaking in the first person refer to themselves in the third person. + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/01.md b/jhn/09/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..86e60270b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/09/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + +This is the next part of the story. As Jesus and his disciples are walking along, they come across a blind man. + +# as Jesus passed by + +Here "Jesus" is a synecdoche for Jesus and the disciples. AT: "as Jesus and his disciples passed by" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# who sinned, this man or his parents ... blind? + +This question reflects the ancient Jewish belief that sin caused all illnesses and other deformities. The rabbis also taught that it was possible for a baby to sin while still in the womb. AT: "Teacher, we know that sin causes a person to be blind. Whose sin caused this man to be born blind? did this man himself sin, or was it his parents who sinned?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/03.md b/jhn/09/03.md index 1e0acf340b..bc5c4af82f 100644 --- a/jhn/09/03.md +++ b/jhn/09/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## We ## +# We -This "we" includes both Jesus and the disciples he is talking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +This "We" includes both Jesus and the disciples he is talking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## day … Night ## +# day ... Night -Jesus is comparing the time when people can do God's work to daytime when people work. Jesus is comparing the time when we cannot do God's work to night time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "day" and "night" are metaphors. Jesus is comparing the time when people can do God's work to daytime, the time when people normally work, and nighttime to when they cannot do God's work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## light of the world ## +# in the world -"the one who shows what is true just as light shows what is real". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. AT: "living among the people of this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# light of the world + +Here "light" is a metaphor for the true revelation of God. AT: "the one who shows what is true just as light allows people to see what is in the darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/06.md b/jhn/09/06.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8cd976eb64 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/09/06.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# made mud with the saliva + +Jesus used his fingers to mix the dirt and saliva. AT: "and used his fingers to mix the dirt and saliva to make mud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# which is translated "Sent" + +A brief break occurs here in the storyline so John can explain to his readers what "Siloam" means. AT: "which means 'Sent'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# washed + +"washed his eyes in the pool" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/08.md b/jhn/09/08.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e3ff834038 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/09/08.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Is not this the man that used to sit and beg? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to express the surprise of the people. AT: "This man is the one who used to sit and beg!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/10.md b/jhn/09/10.md index 011640f9c7..34081e0f8d 100644 --- a/jhn/09/10.md +++ b/jhn/09/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## anointed...eyes ## +# Connecting Statement: -See how you translated this in [John 9:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file +The neighbors of the man who had been blind continue to speak to him. + +# Then how were your eyes opened? + +"Then what caused you to be able to see?" or "How is it that you can see now?" + +# smeared it on my eyes + +"used his fingers to cover my eyes with mud." See how you translated a similar phrase in [John 9:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/13.md b/jhn/09/13.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..64e5e0a2fc --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/09/13.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + +Verse 14 tells background information about when Jesus healed the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# They brought the man who used to be blind to the Pharisees + +The people insisted that the man go with them to the Pharisees. They did not physically force him to go. + +# Sabbath day + +"Jewish Day of Rest" + +# Then again the Pharisees asked him + +"So the Pharisees also asked him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/16.md b/jhn/09/16.md index 2312a948c5..ee79c66229 100644 --- a/jhn/09/16.md +++ b/jhn/09/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## keep the Sabbath ## +# General Information: -obey the law about the Sabbath \ No newline at end of file +In verse 18 there is a break from the main storyline as John provides background information about the Jews' disbelief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# he does not keep the Sabbath + +This means Jesus does not obey the law about doing no work on the Jewish Day of Rest. + +# How can a man who is a sinner do such signs? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that Jesus' signs prove he is not a sinner. AT: "A sinner can not do such signs!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# signs + +This is another word for miracles. "Signs" give evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe. + +# He is a prophet + +"I think he is a prophet" + +# Now the Jews still did not believe + +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. AT: Now the Jewish leaders still did not believe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/19.md b/jhn/09/19.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3b4d2f9408 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/09/19.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# They asked the parents + +"They" refers to the Jewish leaders. + +# he is an adult + +"he is a man" or "he is no longer a child" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/22.md b/jhn/09/22.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c69831279a --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/09/22.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + +In verse 22 there is a break from the main storyline as John provides background information about the man's parents being afraid of the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# they were afraid of the Jews + +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. AT: "they were afraid of what the Jewish leaders might do to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# afraid + +This refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to oneself or others. + +# would confess him to be the Christ + +"would say that Jesus is the Christ" + +# he would be thrown out of the synagogue + +Here "be thrown out of the synagogue" is a metaphor for no longer being allowed to go into the synagogue and no longer belonging to the group of people who attend services at the synagogue. AT: "he would not be allowed to go into the synagogue" or "he would no longer belong to the synagogue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He is an adult + +"he is a man" or "he is no longer a child." See how you translated this in [John 09:21](./19.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/24.md b/jhn/09/24.md index 037ee6c488..9fdce0a054 100644 --- a/jhn/09/24.md +++ b/jhn/09/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## they called the man ## +# they called the man -the Jews ([John 9:16](./16.md)) called the man +Here, "they" refers to the Jews. ([John 9:18](./16.md)) -## this man ## +# Give glory to God + +This is an idiom that people used when taking an oath. AT: "In the presence of God, tell the truth!" or "Speak the truth before God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this man This refers to Jesus. -## that man ## +# that man -the man who had been blind - -## Whether he is a sinner, I do not know. ## - -"I do not know if he is a sinner or not." \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the man who had been blind. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/26.md b/jhn/09/26.md index 83423db7db..9aed62a05e 100644 --- a/jhn/09/26.md +++ b/jhn/09/26.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -The Jews ([John 9:16](./16.md)) speak to the man born blind about Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +The Jews continue to speak to the man who had been blind. + +# Why do you want to hear it again? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to express the man's amazement that the Jewish leaders have asked him to tell them again what happened. AT: "I am surprised that you want to hear again what happened to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You do not want to become his disciples too, do you? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add irony to the man's statement. He knows that the Jewish leaders do not want to follow Jesus. Here he ridicules them. AT: "It sounds like you also want to become his disciples!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/28.md b/jhn/09/28.md index 7686eb3218..b70d36cad4 100644 --- a/jhn/09/28.md +++ b/jhn/09/28.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -The Jews ([John 9:16](./16.md)) speak to the man born blind about Jesus. +# You are his disciple -## we are disciples...We know...we do not know ## +"You are following Jesus!" -The Jewish leaders are speaking only of themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# but we are disciples of Moses + +The pronoun "we" is exclusive. The Jewish leaders are speaking only of themselves. AT: "but we are following Moses!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# We know that God has spoken to Moses + +"We are sure that God has spoken to Moses" + +# we do not know where this one is from + +Here the Jewish leaders are referring to Jesus. They imply that he has no authority to call disciples. AT: "we do not know where he comes from or where he gets his authority!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/30.md b/jhn/09/30.md index 3252dc1845..2e1df30b89 100644 --- a/jhn/09/30.md +++ b/jhn/09/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## listens to sinners...listens to him ## +# that you do not know where he is from -"answers the prayers of sinners...answers the prayers of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The man is surprised that the Jewish leaders question Jesus' authority when they know he has the power to heal. AT: "that you do not know where he gets his authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# does not listen to sinners ... listens to him + +"does not answer the prayers of sinners ... God answers his prayers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/32.md b/jhn/09/32.md index f964e62605..2c4e434018 100644 --- a/jhn/09/32.md +++ b/jhn/09/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## it has never been heard that anyone opened ## +# Connecting Statement: -"no one has ever heard of anyone opening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The man who had been blind continues speaking to the Jews. -## opened the eyes of a man born blind ## +# it has never been heard that anyone opened -“healed the eyes so a man born blind was able to see” +This is a passive statement. You can translate it in an active form. AT: "no one has ever heard of anyone who healed a man who was blind from birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## You were altogether born in sins, and you are now teaching us? ## +# If this man were not from God, he could do nothing -"You were born completely in sin. You are not qualified to teach us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This sentence uses a double negative pattern. "Only a man from God could do something like that!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# You were completely born in sins, and you are teaching us? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. It also implies that the man was born blind because of the sins of his parents. AT: "You were born as a result of your parents' sins. You are not qualified to teach us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they threw him out + +"they threw him out of the synagogue" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/35.md b/jhn/09/35.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..552c531e14 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/09/35.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +This is the next part of the story. Jesus finds the man that he healed and begins to speak to him and the crowd. + +# believe in + +This means to "believe in Jesus," to believe that he is the Son of God, to trust him as Savior, and live in a way that honors him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/39.md b/jhn/09/39.md index 7cde0a09b5..d1e16541d5 100644 --- a/jhn/09/39.md +++ b/jhn/09/39.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## so that those who do not see may see and so that those who see may become blind ## +# came into this world -so that those who cannot see with their eyes may recognize God and so that those who see with their eyes may not recognize God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The "world" is a metonym for "the people who live in the world." AT: "came to live among the people of this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that those who do not see may see and so that those who see may become blind + +Here "seeing" and "blindness" are metaphors. Jesus distinguishes between people who are spiritually blind and physically blind. AT: "so that those who are blind spiritually, but who want to see God, can see him, and those who already falsely think they can see God will remain in their blindness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Are we also blind? + +"Do you think we are spiritually blind?" + +# If you were blind, you would have no sin + +Here "blindness" is a metaphor for not knowing God's truth. AT: "If you wanted to know God's truth, you would be able to receive your sight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but now you say, 'We see,' so your sin remains + +Here "seeing" is a metaphor for knowing God's truth. AT: "Since you falsely think that you already know God's truth, you will remain blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/09/intro.md b/jhn/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..67f6d3cd81 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# John 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Who sinned?" ##### +In ancient Israel, it was commonly believed that a child was born with disabilities because of the sin of one of his parents. This was not the teaching of the law of Moses. In this exchange, the Pharisees were sinners because they saw the power of Jesus and did not worship him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]). + +##### "I am ... " ##### + +John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name Yahweh at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." + +##### Light ##### +Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as images representing sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]]) + +##### "He does not keep the Sabbath" ##### +The Pharisees considered Jesus making the mud to be "work" and in violation of the laws regarding the Sabbath. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Sight ##### +This chapter records the events of a man who was born without sight. Jesus also uses these events as a metaphor. In [John 9:39-40](./39.md), the Pharisees are called blind because they are unable to see the truth in front of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Son of Man" ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. It may not be possible in every language to have someone speaking in the first person, also speak in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/01.md b/jhn/10/01.md index 7c4f89180a..6e787e6602 100644 --- a/jhn/10/01.md +++ b/jhn/10/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to speak to the Pharisees. +# Connecting Statement: -## Truly, truly ## +Jesus continues to speak to the Pharisees. This is the same part of the story which began in [John 9:35](../09/35.md). -Translate this as you did in [John 1:49](../01/49.md). +# General Information: -## sheepfold ## +Jesus begins to speak in parables. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# sheep pen This is a fenced area where a shepherd keeps his sheep. -## thief and a robber ## +# a thief and a robber -This is the use of two words with similar meanings to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the use of two words with similar meanings to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/03.md b/jhn/10/03.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3636cfb0d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/10/03.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# The gatekeeper opens for him + +"The gatekeeper opens the gate for the shepherd" + +# The gatekeeper + +This is a hired man who watches the gate of the sheep pen at night while the shepherd is away. + +# The sheep hear his voice + +"The sheep hear the shepherd's voice" + +# he goes ahead of them + +"he walks in front of them" + +# for they know his voice + +"because they recognize his voice" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/05.md b/jhn/10/05.md index 85bd20b341..67f78c0cfc 100644 --- a/jhn/10/05.md +++ b/jhn/10/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## they did not understand ## +# they did not understand -Possible meanings: 1) "the disciples did not understand"(UDB) or 2) "the crowd did not understand". It's okay to leave it as it is. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings: 1) "the disciples did not understand" or 2) "the crowd did not understand." + +# this parable + +This is an illustration from the work of shepherds, using metaphors. The "shepherd" is a metaphor for Jesus. The "sheep" represent those who follow Jesus, and the "strangers" are the Jewish leaders, including the Pharisees, who try to deceive the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/07.md b/jhn/10/07.md index 8d924e864d..2ddf6a7d56 100644 --- a/jhn/10/07.md +++ b/jhn/10/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to talk to the crowd. +# Connecting Statement: -## Truly, truly ## +Jesus begins to explain the meaning of the parables he had spoken. -Translate this as you did in [John 1:49](../01/49.md). +# Truly, truly -## I am the door of the sheep ## +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). -"I am the way the sheep enter into the sheepfold" Jesus is saying he is the one who allows entry. The word "sheep" is used to refer to God's people.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# I am the gate of the sheep -## All who came before me are thieves and robbers ## +Here "gate" is a metaphor that means Jesus provides access into the sheepfold where God's people dwell in his presence. AT: "I am like the gate that the sheep use to enter into the sheepfold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The phrase "All who came before me" refers to the other teachers who had taught before Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Jesus calls them "thieves and robbers" because their teachings were false and they were trying to lead God's people while not understanding the truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Everyone who came before me + +This refers to other teachers who have taught the people, including the Pharisees and other Jewish leaders. AT: "All of the teachers who came without my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a thief and a robber + +These words are metaphors. Jesus calls those teachers "a thief and a robber" because their teachings were false, and they were trying to lead God's people while not understanding the truth. As a result, they deceived the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/09.md b/jhn/10/09.md index e878b0c2b2..68730daae2 100644 --- a/jhn/10/09.md +++ b/jhn/10/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to talk to the crowd. +# I am the gate -## I am the gate ## +Here "gate" is a metaphor. By referring to himself as "the gate," Jesus is showing that he offers a true way to enter the kingdom of God. AT: "I myself am like that gate." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -By referring to himself as "the gate" Jesus is showing that he offers a true way to get what the sheepfold represents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# pasture -## pasture ## +The word "pasture" means a grassy area where sheep eat. -The word "pasture" is a grassy area where sheep eat. +# does not come if he would not steal -## that they might have life ## +This is a double negative. In some languages it is more natural to use a positive statement. AT: "comes only to steal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -The word "they" refers to the sheep. "Life" refers to eternal life. \ No newline at end of file +# steal and kill and destroy + +Here the implied metaphor is "sheep," which represents God's people. AT: "steal and kill and destroy the sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that they will have life + +The word "they" refers to the sheep. "Life" refers to eternal life. AT: "so that they will really live, lacking nothing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/11.md b/jhn/10/11.md index d8d84c1577..bc4ad2f739 100644 --- a/jhn/10/11.md +++ b/jhn/10/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus continues his parable about the good shepherd. -## I am the good shepherd ## +# I am the good shepherd -"I am like a good shepherd." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "good shepherd" is a metaphor that represents Jesus. AT: "I am like a good shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## lays down his life ## +# lays down his life -// To lay something down is a way of giving up control of it. It is a mild way to refer to dying. Alternate translation: "die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +To lay down something means to give up control of it. It is a mild way to refer to dying. AT: "dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# The hired servant + +The "hired servant" is a metaphor that represents the Jewish leaders and teachers. AT: "The one who is like a hired servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# abandons the sheep and ... does not care for the sheep + +Here the word "sheep" is a metaphor that represents God's people. Like a hired servant who abandons the sheep, Jesus says that the Jewish leaders and teachers do not care for God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/14.md b/jhn/10/14.md index fab46b596a..b03a1a4ce1 100644 --- a/jhn/10/14.md +++ b/jhn/10/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues his parable about the good shepherd. +# I am the good shepherd -## I am the good shepherd ## +Here the "good shepherd" is a metaphor for Jesus. AT: "I am like a good shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"I am like a good shepherd." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# The Father knows me, and I know the Father -## I lay down my life for the sheep ## +God the Father and God the Son know each other unlike anyone else knows them. "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# I lay down my life for the sheep This is a mild way for Jesus to say that he will die to protect his sheep. AT: "I die for the sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## fold ## +# I have other sheep -A group of sheep belonging to the shepherd. "Fold" comes from sheepfold which is a place where the sheep stay. \ No newline at end of file +Here "other sheep" is a metaphor for followers of Jesus who are not Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# one flock and one shepherd + +Here "flock" and "shepherd" are metaphors. All of Jesus's followers, Jews and non-Jews, will be like one flock of sheep. He will be like a shepherd who cares for all of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/17.md b/jhn/10/17.md index 6eecd63f23..6607486e3a 100644 --- a/jhn/10/17.md +++ b/jhn/10/17.md @@ -1,5 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues talking to the crowd. +# Connecting Statement: -## I lay down my life that I may take it again ## +Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd. -This is a mild way for Jesus to say he will die and then bring himself back to life. Alternate translation: "I allow myself to die in order that I may bring myself back to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# This is why the Father loves me: I lay down my life + +God's eternal plan was for God the Son to give his life to pay for the sins of humanity. Jesus' death on the cross reveals the intense love of the Son for the Father and of the Father for the Son. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# loves + +This kind of love comes from God and is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. + +# I lay down my life so that I may take it again + +This is a mild way for Jesus to say he will die and then will become alive again. AT: "I allow myself to die in order that I may bring myself back to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# I lay it down of myself + +The reflexive pronoun "myself" is used here to emphasize that Jesus lays down his own life. No one takes it from him. AT: "I myself lay it down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# I have received this command from my Father + +"This is what my Father has commanded me to do." The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/19.md b/jhn/10/19.md index 936a088de6..f27ed9cd19 100644 --- a/jhn/10/19.md +++ b/jhn/10/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Why do you listen to him? ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Do not listen to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These verses tell how the Jews responded to what Jesus had said. -## Can a demon open the eyes of the blind? ## +# Why do you listen to him? -AT: "A demon cannot cause a blind man to see!" \ No newline at end of file +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize the point that the people should not listen to Jesus. AT: "Do not listen to him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Can a demon open the eyes of the blind? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "Certainly a demon cannot cause a blind man to see!" or "Certainly a demon cannot give sight to blind people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/22.md b/jhn/10/22.md index 604e1bbf27..23ea4de72a 100644 --- a/jhn/10/22.md +++ b/jhn/10/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Festival of the Dedication ## +# General Information: -This is an eight day winter holiday Jews use to remember a miracle where God made a small amount of oil remain lit in a lampstand until they got more oil eight days later. The lampstand was lit to dedicate the Jewish temple to God. To dedicate something is to promise to use it for a certain purpose. +This is the next part of the story. It is now the Festival of Dedication and some Jews begin to question Jesus. Verses 22 and 23 give background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## porch ## +# Festival of the Dedication -a structure attached to the entrance of a building that has a roof and that may or may not have walls \ No newline at end of file +This is an eight-day, winter holiday Jews use to remember a miracle where God made a small amount of oil remain lit in a lampstand for eight days. They lit the lampstand to dedicate the Jewish temple to God. To dedicate something is to promise to use it for a special purpose. + +# Jesus was walking in the temple + +The area where Jesus was walking was actually a courtyard that was outside the temple building. AT: "Jesus was walking in the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# porch + +This is a structure attached to the entrance of a building; it has a roof and it may or may not have walls. + +# Then the Jews surrounded him + +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "Then the Jewish leaders surrounded him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# hold us doubting + +This is an idiom. AT: "keep us wondering" or "keep us from knowing for sure?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/25.md b/jhn/10/25.md index 5b10d40b39..191c5d7ca6 100644 --- a/jhn/10/25.md +++ b/jhn/10/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## these testify concerning me ## +# Connecting Statement: -His miracles offer proof about him like a witness would offer proof in a court of law. Alternate translation: "these miracles offer proof concerning me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Jesus begins to respond to the Jews. -## not my sheep ## +# in the name of my Father -AT: "not my followers" or "not my disciples" or "not my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" is a metonym for the power of God. Here "Father" is an important title for God. Jesus performed miracles through his Father's power and authority. AT: "through my Father's power" or "with my Father's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# these testify concerning me + +His miracles offer proof about him like a person who testifies would offer proof in a court of law. AT: "offer proof concerning me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# not my sheep + +The word "sheep" is a metaphor for the followers of Jesus. AT: "not my followers" or "not my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/27.md b/jhn/10/27.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b0bec15fbd --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/10/27.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# My sheep hear my voice + +The word "sheep" is a metaphor for the followers of Jesus. The metaphor of Jesus as the "shepherd" is also implied. AT: "Just as sheep obey the voice of their true shepherd, my followers heed my voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# no one will snatch them out of my hand + +Here the word "hand" is a metonym that represents the protective care of Jesus. AT: "no one will steal them away from me" or "they will remain secure forever in my care" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/29.md b/jhn/10/29.md index 3708cc91ed..69e90e74f3 100644 --- a/jhn/10/29.md +++ b/jhn/10/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## the Father’s hand ## +# My Father, who has given them to me -The word "hand" is used to refer to God's possession or his control and protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the hand of the Father + +The word "hand" is a metonym that refers to God's possession and protective care. AT: "No one can steal them from my Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I and the Father are one + +Jesus, God the Son, and God the Father are one. The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Then the Jews took up stones + +The word "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "Then the Jewish leaders started picking up stones again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/32.md b/jhn/10/32.md index c83206198c..3f0566ecac 100644 --- a/jhn/10/32.md +++ b/jhn/10/32.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## making yourself God ## +# Jesus answered them, "I have shown you many good works from the Father + +Jesus performed the miracles by the power of God. The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# For which of those works are you stoning me? + +This question uses irony. Jesus knows the Jewish leaders do not want to stone him because he has done good works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# The Jews answered him + +The word "Jews" is a synecdoche that represents the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "The Jewish opponents replied" or "The Jewish leaders answered him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# making yourself God "claiming to be God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/34.md b/jhn/10/34.md index e3e531fda4..4837f27d64 100644 --- a/jhn/10/34.md +++ b/jhn/10/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## You are gods ## +# Is it not written ... gods"'? -Usually the word "god" would be considered a false god unless it had the large "G" in God that refers to the one true God. Here, Jesus quotes a scripture where God calls his followers gods because he has chosen them to represent Him on earth. +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "You should already know that it is written in your law that I said, 'you are gods.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Is it not written ## +# You are gods -Jesus asks this question in order to point out information the Jewish religious leaders should already know. "It is written." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here Jesus quotes a scripture where God calls his followers "gods," perhaps because he has chosen them to represent him on earth. -## scripture cannot be broken ## +# the word of God came -This phrase gives the picture of Scripture being something that controls us and that control cannot be broken or made loose so that we could escape from what it says is true. Alternate translation: "nothing that is in Scripture can be shown to be false"(UDB) or "Scripture is the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This idiom is used to explain that a God gave a message to someone. AT: "Yahweh gave his message" or "Yawheh spoke a message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the scripture cannot be broken + +Possible meanings are 1) "no one can change the scripture" or 2) "the scripture will always be true." + +# do you say to him whom the Father set apart and sent into the world, 'You are blaspheming,' because I said, 'I am the Son of God'? + +Jesus used this question to rebuke his opponents for saying that he was blaspheming when he called himself "the Son of God." AT: "you should not say to the very one whom the Father set apart to send into the world, 'You are blaspheming,' when I say that I am the Son of God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You are blaspheming + +"You are insulting God." Jesus' opponents understood that when said that he is the Son of God, he was implying that he is equal with God. + +# Father ... Son of God + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/37.md b/jhn/10/37.md index b4ed2b15f4..dbdc456031 100644 --- a/jhn/10/37.md +++ b/jhn/10/37.md @@ -1 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues his defense to the Jewish leaders who oppose him. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus finishes responding to the Jews. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# believe me + +Here the word "believe" means to accept or trust what Jesus said is true. + +# believe in the works + +Here "believe in" is to acknowledge that the works Jesus does are from the Father. + +# the Father is in me and that I am in the Father + +These are idioms that express the close personal relationship between God and Jesus. AT: "My Father and I are completely joined together as one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# went away out of their hand + +The word "hand" is a metonym that represents the custody or possession of the Jewish leaders. AT: "got away from them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/40.md b/jhn/10/40.md index 97281a5958..dc3cd23281 100644 --- a/jhn/10/40.md +++ b/jhn/10/40.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## indeed ## +# beyond the Jordan -This is a word used to emphasize that something is true. Alternate translation: "in truth" or "truly, truly". \ No newline at end of file +Jesus had been on the west side of the Jordan River. AT: "to the east side of the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he stayed there + +Jesus remained on the east side of Jordan for a short period of time. AT: "Jesus stayed there for several days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# John indeed did no signs, but all the things that John has said about this man are true + +"It is true that John did no signs, but he certainly did speak the truth about this man, who does signs." + +# signs + +These are miracles that prove that something is true or that give someone credibility. + +# believed in + +Here "believed in" means accepted or trusted what Jesus said was true. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/10/intro.md b/jhn/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e442a1ef1c --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# John 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sheep ##### +Sheep is a common image used to refer to people. In this passage, it specifically refers to people who believe in Jesus and follow him. The Pharisees are likewise compared to wolves coming to steal and destroy the sheep. + +##### Blasphemy ##### +If someone falsely claims to be God, then it is considered blasphemy. In the law of Moses, the punishment for blasphemy was stoning to death. They did not believe Jesus, so they took up stones to kill him. Jesus was not guilty of blasphemy because he is God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blasphemy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Sheepfold ##### +The illustration used here involves the place where sheep are kept. There would have been a door or gate that the shepherd would have normally entered into the sheepfold. The sheep immediately recognize him. On the other hand, a robber would have entered into the sheepfold through another way where he may not be caught. The sheep would likely run from the thief because they did not recognize him. Jesus uses this as a metaphor for his ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### "I lay down my life that I may take it again" ##### +Although this is not set apart in any way, it is certainly a prophecy concerning Jesus' coming death. It emphasizes that he willingly died for the sins of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/01.md b/jhn/11/01.md index 951359f91e..edd7937393 100644 --- a/jhn/11/01.md +++ b/jhn/11/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the same Mary ## +# General Information: -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the next part of the story, which is about Lazarus. These verses introduce him to the story and give background information about him and his sister Mary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# It was Mary who anointed the Lord ... her hair + +As John introduces Mary, the sister of Martha, he also shares information concerning what would later happen in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/03.md b/jhn/11/03.md index b5285f1ab3..c4a5eb9a71 100644 --- a/jhn/11/03.md +++ b/jhn/11/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## he whom you love ## +# sent for Jesus -This phrase is used to show Jesus' close friendship with Lazarus. +"asked Jesus to come" -## This sickness is not to end in death ## +# love -"The purpose of his sickness is not that he would die." \ No newline at end of file +Here "love" refers to brotherly love, a natural, human love between friends or relatives. + +# This sickness is not to death + +Jesus implies that he knows what will happen related to Lazarus and his sickness. AT: "Death will not be the final result of this sickness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# death + +This refers to physical death. + +# instead it is for the glory of God so that the Son of God may be glorified by it + +Jesus implies that he knows what the outcome will be. AT: "but the purpose is that the people might see how great God is because of what his power will allow me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/05.md b/jhn/11/05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3e719be7ee --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/11/05.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Now Jesus loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus + +This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/08.md b/jhn/11/08.md index 11f5e36a7f..2a05ee89fe 100644 --- a/jhn/11/08.md +++ b/jhn/11/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Rabbi, the Jews were only now trying to stone you, and are you going back there again? ## +# Rabbi, right now the Jews are trying to stone you, and you are going back there again? -AT: "Teacher, Surely you don't want to go back there because the Jews are trying to stone you." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the disciples do not want Jesus to go to Jerusalem. AT: "Teacher, you surely do not want to go back there! The Jews were trying to stone you the last time you were there!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Jesus answered ## +# the Jews -"Jesus answered with a parable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +This is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Are there not twelve hours of light in a day? ## +# Are there not twelve hours of light in a day? -AT: "The day has twelve hours of light." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "You know that the day has twelve hours of light!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If someone walks in the daytime, he will not stumble, because he sees by the light of this world + +People who walk in the light of the day can see well and do not stumble. "Light" is a metaphor for "truth." Jesus is implying that people who live according to truth will be able to successfully do the things that God wants them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/10.md b/jhn/11/10.md index 2895aa51cd..55f3aa85a6 100644 --- a/jhn/11/10.md +++ b/jhn/11/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the light is not in him ## +# Connecting Statement: -Possible meaning: 1) "he cannot see"(UDB) or "he has no light" +Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. -## Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep ## +# if he walks at night -Lazarus is dead, but it is only for a short time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "night" is a metaphor that refers to one's walking without God's light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but I am going so that I may wake him out of sleep ## +# the light is not in him -Jesus is revealing his plan to bring Lazurus back to life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "he cannot see" or "he does not have God's light." + +# Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep + +Here "fallen asleep" is an idiom that means Lazarus has died. If you have a way of saying this in your language, you may use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# but I am going so that I may wake him out of sleep + +The words "wake him out of sleep" form an idiom. Jesus is revealing his plan to bring Lazurus back to life. If you have an idiom for this in your language, you may use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/12.md b/jhn/11/12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b440fb86b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/11/12.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + +In verse 13 there is a break in the storyline as John comments on the disciples' misunderstanding about what Jesus meant when he said Lazarus was asleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# if he has fallen asleep + +The disciples misunderstand Jesus to mean that Lazarus is resting and will recover. + +# Then Jesus said to them plainly + +"So Jesus told them in words that they could understand" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/15.md b/jhn/11/15.md index d62fe2183c..d7a809c0aa 100644 --- a/jhn/11/15.md +++ b/jhn/11/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Jesus is continuing to speak to his disciples about going to Bethany. +# Connecting Statement: -## for your sakes ## +Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. + +# for your sakes "for your benefit" -## who was called Didymus ## +# that I was not there so that you may believe -Didymus is a male name that means "twin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"that I was not there. Because of this you will learn to trust me more." + +# who was called Didymus + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "whom they called Didymus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Didymus + +This is a male name that means "twin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/17.md b/jhn/11/17.md index 1cb9d750f6..c03cac7eed 100644 --- a/jhn/11/17.md +++ b/jhn/11/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## fifteen stadia ## +# General Information: -"about three kilometers." A "stadium" is 185 meters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus is now in Bethany. These verses give background information about the setting and about what has happened before Jesus arrived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# he found that Lazarus had already been in the tomb for four days + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "he learned that people had put Lazarus in a tomb four days before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fifteen stadia away + +"about three kilometers away." A "stadium" is 185 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# about their brother + +Lazarus was their younger brother. AT: "about their younger brother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/21.md b/jhn/11/21.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8223199720 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/11/21.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# my brother would not have died + +Lazarus was the younger brother. AT: "my younger brother would still be alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Your brother will rise again + +Lazarus was the younger brother. AT: "Your younger brother will become alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/24.md b/jhn/11/24.md index 3e7911b6cc..791d94a246 100644 --- a/jhn/11/24.md +++ b/jhn/11/24.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -. +# he will rise again -## and whoever lives and believes in me will never die. ## +"he will become alive again" -AT: "and as for those who believe in me, they will never be separated from God, forever." \ No newline at end of file +# even if he dies + +Here "dies" refers to physical death. + +# will live + +Here "live" refers to spiritual life. + +# whoever lives and believes in me will never die + +"those who live and trust in me will never be separated eternally from God" or "those who live and trust in me will be spiritually alive with God forever" + +# will never die + +Here "die" refers to spiritual death. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/27.md b/jhn/11/27.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8d2e1f108c --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/11/27.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# She said to him + +"Martha said to Jesus" + +# Yes, Lord, I believe that you are the Christ, the Son of God ... coming into the world + +Martha believes that Jesus is Lord, the Christ (the Messiah), the Son of God. + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# she went away and called her sister Mary + +Mary is the younger sister of Martha. AT: "she went away and called her younger sister Mary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Teacher + +This is a title referring to Jesus. + +# is calling for you + +"is asking that you come" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/30.md b/jhn/11/30.md index ff17b75519..d5a4c86cb9 100644 --- a/jhn/11/30.md +++ b/jhn/11/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## fell down at his feet ## +# Now Jesus had not yet come into the village -Mary laid down or knelt at the feet of Jesus asan act of respect. \ No newline at end of file +Here John provides a brief break in the story to give background information regarding the location of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# fell down at his feet + +Mary lay down or knelt at the feet of Jesus to show respect. + +# my brother would not have died + +Lazarus was Mary's younger brother. See how you translated this in [John 11:21](./21.md). AT: "my younger brother would still be alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/33.md b/jhn/11/33.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c19c71a4d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/11/33.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# he was deeply moved in his spirit and was troubled + +John combines these phrases that have similar meanings to express the intense emotional distress and possible anger that Jesus experienced. AT: "he was greatly upset" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Where have you laid him + +This is a milder way of asking, "Where have you buried him?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Jesus wept + +"Jesus began to cry" or "Jesus started crying" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/36.md b/jhn/11/36.md index f490c69b0b..6c9ffefb84 100644 --- a/jhn/11/36.md +++ b/jhn/11/36.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Could not this man, who opened the eyes of the one who was blind, have also made this man not die? ## +# loved -AT: "He could heal a man who was blind, he could have also healed Lazarus so he would not have died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This refers to brotherly love or human love for a friend or family member. -## opened the eyes ## +# Could not this man, who opened the eyes of a blind man, also have made this man not die? -healed (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Jews' surprise that Jesus did not heal Lazarus. AT: "He could heal a man who was blind, so he should have been able to heal this man so he would not have died!" or "Since he did not keep this man from dying, maybe he did not really heal the man who was born blind, as they say he did!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# opened the eyes + +This is an idiom. AT: "healed the eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/38.md b/jhn/11/38.md index 31931a6819..7d2d069400 100644 --- a/jhn/11/38.md +++ b/jhn/11/38.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Did I not say to you that, if you believed, you would see the glory of God? ## +# Now it was a cave, and a stone lay against it -AT: "Remember that I told you, if you believed in me, you would see how great God is." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +John pauses the story briefly to describe the tomb where the people had buried Lazarus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Martha, the sister of Lazarus + +Martha and Mary were older sisters of Lazarus. AT: "Martha, the older sister of Lazarus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# by this time the body will be decaying + +"by this time there will be a bad smell" or "the body is already stinking" + +# Did I not say to you that, if you believed, you would see the glory of God? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to the point that God is about to do something wonderful. AT: "I told you that if you trusted me, you would see what God can do!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/41.md b/jhn/11/41.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6421e1b45e --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/11/41.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Jesus lifted up his eyes + +This is an idiom that means to look up. AT: "Jesus looked up toward heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Father, I thank you that you listened to me + +Jesus prays directly to the Father so that others around him will hear his prayer. AT: "Father, I thank you that you have heard me" or "Father, I thank you that you have heard my prayer." + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# so that they may believe that you have sent me + +"I want them to believe that you have sent me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/43.md b/jhn/11/43.md index 6de77fc342..2fedf4124e 100644 --- a/jhn/11/43.md +++ b/jhn/11/43.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## bound hand and foot with burial cloths, and his face was bound about with a cloth ## +# After he had said this -A burial custom of this time was to wrap the dead body with long strips of linen cloth. +"After Jesus had prayed" -## Jesus said to them ## +# he cried out with a loud voice + +"he shouted" + +# his feet and hands were bound with cloths, and his face was bound about with a cloth + +A burial custom of this time was to wrap the dead body with long strips of linen cloth. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone had wrapped strips of cloth around his hands and feet. They had also tied a cloth around his face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Jesus said to them The word "them" refers to the people who were there and saw the miracle. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/45.md b/jhn/11/45.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4cfe9d82d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/11/45.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + +These verses tell us what happened after Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/47.md b/jhn/11/47.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d649bcafa9 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/11/47.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + +This is the next part of the story. The chief priests and Pharisees gather for a meeting of the Jewish council. + +# Then the chief priests + +"Then the leaders among the priests" + +# What will we do? + +It is implied here that the council members are talking about Jesus. AT: "What are we going to do about Jesus?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all will believe in him + +The Jewish leaders were afraid that the people would try to make Jesus their king. AT: "everyone will trust in him and rebel against Rome" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Romans will come + +This is a synecdoche for the Roman army. AT: "the Roman army will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# take away both our place and our nation + +"destroy both our temple and our nation" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/49.md b/jhn/11/49.md index 30d828e42a..591cf61776 100644 --- a/jhn/11/49.md +++ b/jhn/11/49.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## You know nothing at all ## +# a certain man among them -Caiaphas does not use this phrase because he thinks they know nothing but because they haven't thought of the same solution he has. Alternate translation: "You talk as if you do not know what to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a way to introduce a new character to the story. If you have a way to do this in your language, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# You know nothing + +This is an exaggeration that Caiaphas uses to insult his hearers. AT: "You do not understand what is happening!" or "You speak as though you know nothing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# than that the whole nation perishes + +Caiaphas implies that the Roman army would kill all of the people of the Jewish nation if Jesus is allowed to live and cause a rebellion. The word "nation" here is a synecdoche that represents all of the Jewish people. AT: "than that the Romans kill all the people of our nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/51.md b/jhn/11/51.md index 68da46a2ca..eb7a3912cf 100644 --- a/jhn/11/51.md +++ b/jhn/11/51.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Now this he said ## +# General Information: -Caiaphas's suggestion is now being explained and identified as a prophecy even though Caiaphas did not realize he was prophesying. This is background information; write it using whatever markers you need to make that clear in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +In verses 51 and 52 John explains that Caiaphus was prophesying even though he did not realize it at the time. This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## die for the nation ## +# die for the nation -The word "nation" is used to refer to the people of the nation of Israel. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "nation" is a synecdoche and refers to the people of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# would be gathered together into one + +This is an ellipsis. The word "people" is implied by the context. AT: "would be gathered into one people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# children of God + +This refers to people who belong to God through faith in Jesus and are spiritually God's children. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/54.md b/jhn/11/54.md index a74cb27db0..fd8e9fb08a 100644 --- a/jhn/11/54.md +++ b/jhn/11/54.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -Jesus leaves Bethany near Jerusalem \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Jesus leaves Bethany and goes to Ephraim. In verse 55 the story shifts to telling about what many of the Jews are doing now that Passover is near. + +# walk openly among the Jews + +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders. AT: "walk openly among the Jewish leaders who opposed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the country + +the rural area outside cities where fewer people live + +# There he stayed with the disciples + +Jesus and his disciples stayed in Ephraim for a while. AT: "There he stayed with his disciples for a short period of time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# went up to Jerusalem + +The phrase "went up" is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than the surrounding areas. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/56.md b/jhn/11/56.md index f07af6acd3..02547a353b 100644 --- a/jhn/11/56.md +++ b/jhn/11/56.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -If the fact that verse 57 happens before verse 56 might confuse your readers, you could combine these verses and put the text of verse 57 before the contents of verse 56. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) +# General Information: -## They were looking for Jesus ## +The content of verse 57 occurs before that of verse 56. If this order might confuse your readers, you can combine these verses and put the text of verse 57 before the text of verse 56. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# They were looking for Jesus The word "they" refers to the Jewish people who had traveled to Jerusalem. -## Now the chief priests ## +# What do you think? That he will not come to the festival? -This is background information that explains why the Jewish worshipers were wondering if Jesus would come to the festival or not. If your language has a way to mark background information, use it here. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +These are rhetorical questions that express a strong element of doubt that Jesus will come to the Passover Festival. The second question is an ellipsis that leaves out the words "do you think." The speakers here were wondering if Jesus would come to the festival since there was the danger of his being arrested. AT: "Jesus will probably not come to the festival. He might be afraid of getting arrested!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## What do you think? That he will not come to the festival? ## +# Now the chief priests -The speaker here was wondering if Jesus would come to the festival even with the danger of being arrested. He asked others around them for their opinion. AT: "Do you think Jesus will be too afraid to come to the festival?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is background information that explains why the Jewish worshipers were wondering if Jesus would come to the festival or not. If your language has a way to mark background information, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/11/intro.md b/jhn/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..448d59290c --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# John 11 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Light ##### +Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as images representing sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]]) + +##### "I am ... " ##### + +John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." + +##### Passover ##### +This chapter records that Jesus no longer walked openly among the Jews. In turn, the Pharisees waited to find him during the Passover. It was the responsibility of the Jews, who were able, to go to Jerusalem during the Passover celebration. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "One man should die for the people" ##### +Caiaphas said, "it is expedient for you that one man should die for the people rather than that the whole nation should perish." It is ironic that Jesus would come to die for the sins of the nation and the whole world. This statement almost functions as a prophecy about Jesus' death for sin. This is something the high priest also gives a prophecy about later in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "If you had been here" ##### +Mary and Martha had faith in Jesus but they did not understand fully who he was. In this passage, they had not yet come to realize that he had power over death itself and could raise Lazarus from the dead if he desired. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/01.md b/jhn/12/01.md index d61717e77b..23a8d71fd5 100644 --- a/jhn/12/01.md +++ b/jhn/12/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## litra ## +# General Information: -A "litra" is a measurement of weight–a Roman pound equal to about twelve ounces or 327.5 grams. +This is the next part of the story. Jesus is at dinner in Bethany when Mary anoints his feet with oil. -## perfume ## +# a litra of perfume -This is a liquid made by using the oils of pleasant smelling plants. +You may convert this to a modern measure. A "litra" is about one third of a kilogram. Or you may refer to a container that could hold that amount. AT: "a third of a kilogram of perfume" or "a bottle of perfume" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## nard ## +# perfume -This is a perfume made from a pink bell-shaped flower in the mountains of Nepal, China, and India. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +This is a good-smelling liquid made by using the oils of pleasant smelling plants and flowers. -## the house was filled with the fragrance of the perfume ## +# nard -"The scent of her perfume filled the house." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a perfume made from a pink, bell-shaped flower in the mountains of Nepal, China, and India. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# The house was filled with the fragrance of the perfume + +This can be translated in an active form. AT: "The scent of her perfume filled the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/04.md b/jhn/12/04.md index 337f203478..358956e2f0 100644 --- a/jhn/12/04.md +++ b/jhn/12/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Jesus was at dinner in Bethany when Mary put perfume on his feet. +# the one who would betray him -## the one who would betray Jesus - ## +"the one who later enabled Jesus' enemies to seize him" -** AT: "the one who later enabled Jesus' enemies to seize him" +# Why was this perfume not sold for three hundred denarii and given to the poor? -## Now he said this…take some of what was in it for himself ## +This is a rhetorical question. You can translate it as a strong statement. AT: "This perfume could have been sold for three hundred denarii and the money could have been given to the poor!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -John gives an explanation as to why Judas asked the question about the poor. Translate with your form for background information if one exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file +# three hundred denarii + +You can translate this as a numeral. AT: "300 denarii" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# denarii + +A denarius was the amount of silver that a common laborer could earn in one day of work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# Now he said this ... would steal from what was put in it + +John explains why Judas asked the question about the poor. If your language has a way of indicating background information, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# he said this, not because he cared about the poor, but because he was a thief + +"he said this because he was a thief. He did not care about the poor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/07.md b/jhn/12/07.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9709032dc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/12/07.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Allow her to keep what she has for the day of my burial + +Jesus implies that the woman's actions can be understood as anticipating his death and burial. AT: "Allow her to show how much she appreciates me! In this way she has prepared my body for burial" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You will always have the poor with you + +Jesus implies that there will always be opportunities to help the poor people. AT: "There will always be poor people among you, and you can help them whenever you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# But you will not always have me + +In this way, Jesus implies that he will die. AT: "But I will not always be here with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/09.md b/jhn/12/09.md index 751eed6481..3c65735a2f 100644 --- a/jhn/12/09.md +++ b/jhn/12/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -Jesus was at dinner in Bethany. +# Now -## Now ## +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here John tells about a new group of people that has come to Bethany from Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here John tells about a new group of people in the story. +# because of him -## The chief priests took counsel ## +The fact that Lazarus was alive again caused many Jews to believe in Jesus. -"The chief priests took advice" or "The chief priests took suggestions" +# believed in Jesus -## because of him ## - -The fact that Lazarus was alive caused many Jews to believe in Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +This implies that many of the Jewish people were trusting in Jesus as the Son of God. AT: "were putting their trust in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/12.md b/jhn/12/12.md index bf90552817..3c9a3b745b 100644 --- a/jhn/12/12.md +++ b/jhn/12/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Hosanna ## +# General Information: -means "May God save." +This is the next part of the story. Jesus enters Jerusalem and the people honor him as a king. -## comes in the name of the Lord ## +# a great crowd -Coming in the name of someone means to be sent with their authority and power, or be their representative and messenger. AT: "comes as the representative of the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"a great crowd of people" + +# Hosanna + +This means "May God save us now!" + +# Blessed + +This expresses a desire for God to cause good things to happen to a person. + +# comes in the name of the Lord + +Here the word "name" is a metonym, which means authority and power. AT: "comes as the representative of the Lord" or "comes in the power of the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/14.md b/jhn/12/14.md index 63fbd0241d..57ad4f713c 100644 --- a/jhn/12/14.md +++ b/jhn/12/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## daughter of Zion ## +# Jesus found a young donkey and sat on it -"Daughter of Zion" is another way to speak of Israel: "children of Israel" or "people from Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here John gives background information that Jesus secures a donkey. He implies that Jesus will ride the donkey into Jerusalem. AT: "he found a young donkey and sat on it, riding into the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# as it was written + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "as the prophets wrote in the Scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# daughter of Zion + +"Daughter of Zion" is a metonym that refers to the people of Jerusalem. AT: "you people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/16.md b/jhn/12/16.md index 441a89649d..92ce0fcf72 100644 --- a/jhn/12/16.md +++ b/jhn/12/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -The writer makes a note for background information. +# General Information: -## when Jesus was glorified ## +John, the writer, interrupts here to give the reader some background information about what the disciples later understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -AT: "when God glorified Jesus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# His disciples did not understand these things -## they remembered that these things had been written about him ## +Here the words "these things" refer to the words that the prophet had written about Jesus. -John, the writer, interrupts here to give the reader some background information about what the disciples later understood. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file +# when Jesus was glorified + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "when God glorified Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they had done these things to him + +The words "these things" refer to what the people did when Jesus rode into Jerusalem on a donkey (praising him and waving the palm branches). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/17.md b/jhn/12/17.md index 3560fdb6f4..938dcc99f4 100644 --- a/jhn/12/17.md +++ b/jhn/12/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## the world has gone after him ## +# Now -AT: "It looks like everyone is becoming his disciple". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This word is used here to mark a break in the main narrative. Here John explains that many of the people came to meet Jesus because they heard others say that he had raised Lazarus from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# they heard that he had done this sign + +"they heard others say that he had done this sign" + +# this sign + +A "sign" is an event or occurrence that proves something is true. In this case, the "sign" of raising Lazarus proves that Jesus is the Messiah. + +# Look, you can do nothing + +The Pharisees imply here that it might be impossible to stop Jesus. AT: "It seems like we can do nothing to stop him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# see, the world has gone after him + +The Pharisees use this exaggeration to express their shock that so many people have come out to meet Jesus. AT: "It looks like everyone is becoming his disciple!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the world + +Here "the world" is a metonym that represents (in exaggeration) all of the people in the world. You may need to make explicit that the hearers would have understood that the Pharisees were speaking only of the people in Judea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/20.md b/jhn/12/20.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e94a32fe83 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/12/20.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Now certain Greeks + +The phrase "now certain" marks the introduction of new characters to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# to worship at the festival + +John implies that these "Greeks" were going to worship God during the Passover. AT: "to worship God at the Passover festival" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Bethsaida + +This was a town in the province of Galilee. + +# they told Jesus + +Philip and Andrew tell Jesus about the Greeks' request to see him. You can translate this by adding the implied words. AT: "they told Jesus what the Greeks had said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/23.md b/jhn/12/23.md index dc7ffa06fc..87f529a31f 100644 --- a/jhn/12/23.md +++ b/jhn/12/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Truly, truly ## +# General Information: -AT: "Pay close attention to this parable that I tell to you. My life is like a seed that is planted in the earth and dies. Unless it is planted, it remains as only one seed. But when it is planted, it changes and grows to produce a harvest of many seeds." \ No newline at end of file +Jesus begins to respond to Philip and Andrew. + +# The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified + +Jesus implies that it is now the right time for God to honor the Son of Man through his upcoming suffering, death and resurrection. AT: "God will soon honor me when I die and rise again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Truly, truly, I say to you + +Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated "Truly, truly" in [John 01:51](../01/49.md). + +# unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies ... it will bear much fruit + +Here "a grain of wheat" or "seed" is a metaphor for Jesus' death, burial and resurrection. Just as a seed is planted and grows again into a plant that will bear much fruit, so will many people trust in Jesus after he is killed, buried, and raised back to life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/25.md b/jhn/12/25.md index 9c973dfc4b..be5dbb41d0 100644 --- a/jhn/12/25.md +++ b/jhn/12/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## He who loves his life will lose it; but he who hates his life in this world will keep it for everlasting life. ## +# He who loves his life will lose it -AT: "In a similar way, whoever loves his own will, he destroys his life. But whoever ignores his own will, because of his submission to me, he will live with God forever." \ No newline at end of file +Here "loves his life" means to consider one's own physical life to be more valuable than the lives of others. AT: "whoever values his own life more than others will not receive eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life + +Here the one who "hates his life" refers to one who loves his own life less than he loves the lives of others. AT: "whoever considers the lives of others as more important than his own life will live with God forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# where I am, there will my servant also be + +Jesus implies that those who serve him will be with him in heaven. AT: "when I am in heaven, my servant will also be there with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Father will honor him + +Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/27.md b/jhn/12/27.md index 30460e018a..5dd09e9377 100644 --- a/jhn/12/27.md +++ b/jhn/12/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## what should I say? 'Father, save me from this hour'? ## +# what should I say? 'Father, save me from this hour'? -"I will not pray, 'Father, save me from this hour.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This remark appears in the form of a rhetorical question. Although Jesus desires to avoid crucifixion, he chooses to be obedient to God and to be killed. AT: "I will not pray, 'Father, save me from this hour!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# this hour + +Here "this hour" is a metonym that represents when Jesus would suffer and die on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# glorify your name + +Here the word "name" is a metonym that refers to God. AT: "make your glory known" or "reveal your glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a voice came from heaven + +This represents God speaking. Sometimes people avoid referring directly to God because they respect him. AT: "God spoke from the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/30.md b/jhn/12/30.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..678ddb1de3 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/12/30.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + +Jesus explains why the voice spoke from heaven. + +# Now is the judgment of this world + +Here "this world" is a metonym that refers to all the people in the world. AT: "Now is the time for God to judge all of the people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Now will the ruler of this world be thrown out + +Here "ruler" refers to Satan. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Now is the time when I will destroy the power of Satan who rules this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/32.md b/jhn/12/32.md index b7a7a49b5c..58e1d06bf9 100644 --- a/jhn/12/32.md +++ b/jhn/12/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## will draw all people to myself ## +# General Information: -"will bind all things to myself - that I may rule over them" +In verse 33 John tells us background information about what Jesus said about being "lifted up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## He said this to signify by what manner of death he would die. ## +# When I am lifted up from the earth -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Jesus refers to his crucifixion. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "When people raise me high on a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will draw everyone to myself + +Through his crucifixion, Jesus will provide a way for everyone to trust in him. + +# He said this to indicate what kind of death he would die + +John interprets Jesus' words to mean that people will crucify him. AT: "He said this to let the people know how he would die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/34.md b/jhn/12/34.md index 7c4141d137..4ac2a5b9e7 100644 --- a/jhn/12/34.md +++ b/jhn/12/34.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Jesus then said to them, "Yet a little while longer is the light among you. Walk while you have the light, so that darkness does not overtake you. He who walks in the darkness does not know where he is going." - ## +# The Son of Man must be lifted up -** AT: "Jesus then spoke to them this parable: 'My words are like a light to you, to help you understand how to live as God wants you to. I will not be with you much longer. You need to follow my instructions while I am still with you. If you reject my words, it will be as if darkness suddenly falls on you and you can't see where you are going.'" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "lifted up" means crucified. You may translate this in a way that includes the implied words "on a cross." AT: "The Son of Man must be lifted up on a cross?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Who is this Son of Man? + +Possible meanings are 1) "What is the identity of this Son of Man? or 2) "What kind of Son of Man are you talking about?" + +# The light will still be with you for a short amount of time. Walk while you have the light, so that darkness does not overtake you. He who walks in the darkness does not know where he is going + +Here "light" is a metaphor for Jesus' teachings which reveal the truth of God. To "walk in darkness" is a metaphor that means to live without God's truth. AT: "My words are like a light to you, to help you understand how to live as God wants you to. I will not be with you much longer. You need to follow my instructions while I am still with you. If you reject my words, it will be like walking in darkness and you cannot see where you are going" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# While you have the light, believe in the light so that you may be sons of light + +The "light" is a metaphor for the teachings of Jesus which reveal the truth of God. "sons of light" is a metaphor for those who accept the message of Jesus and live according to God's truth. AT: "While I am with you, believe what I teach so that God's truth will be in you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/37.md b/jhn/12/37.md index e54a576eb6..28ba19fe2f 100644 --- a/jhn/12/37.md +++ b/jhn/12/37.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## "Lord, who has believed our report? And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?" ## +# General Information: -AT: "Lord, no one has believed our report, even though they have seen that you are powerfully able to save them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This is a break in the main storyline as the John begins to explain about the fulfillment of prophesies that had been spoken by the prophet Isaiah. -## the arm of the Lord ## +# so that the word of Isaiah the prophet would be fulfilled -This refers to the Lord's ability to rescue with power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "in order to fulfill the message of Isaiah the prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Lord, who has believed our report, and to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed? + +This appears in the form of two rhetorical questions to express the prophet's dismay that the people do not believe his message.They may be stated as a single rhetorical question, AT: "Lord, hardly anyone has believed our message, even though they have seen that you are powerfully able to save them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the arm of the Lord + +This is a metonym that refers to the Lord's ability to rescue with power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/39.md b/jhn/12/39.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7bde2bc438 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/12/39.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# he has hardened their hearts + +This is an idiom that means that God caused them to be stubborn. AT: "he has made them stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# understand with their hearts + +The Jews considered the heart to be the organ that caused understanding. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/41.md b/jhn/12/41.md index 57fd91bd70..5ce98a44e0 100644 --- a/jhn/12/41.md +++ b/jhn/12/41.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## banned from the synagogue ## +# so that they would not be banned from the synagogue -"not allowed to go to the synagogue" \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so people would not stop them from going to the synagogue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They loved the praise that comes from people more than the praise that comes from God + +"They wanted people to praise them more than they wanted God to praise them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/44.md b/jhn/12/44.md index 1db696cb8e..1639861966 100644 --- a/jhn/12/44.md +++ b/jhn/12/44.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## the one who sees me sees him who sent me. ## +# General Information: -AT: "the one who sees me sees God who sent me." \ No newline at end of file +Now John returns to the main storyline. This is another time when Jesus begins to speak to the crowd. + +# Jesus cried out and said + +Here John implies that a crowd of people had gathered to hear Jesus speak. AT: "Jesus shouted out to the crowd that had gathered." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the one who sees me sees him who sent me + +Here the word "him" refers to God. AT: "the one who sees me sees God who sent me." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/46.md b/jhn/12/46.md index 589dd3b52b..99ef77d68d 100644 --- a/jhn/12/46.md +++ b/jhn/12/46.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## I have come as a light ## +# Connecting Statement: -Jesus again contrasts himself as the light with the darkness of the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Jesus continues speaking to the crowd. -## remain in the darkness ## +# I have come as a light -"continue in a state of spiritual blindness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the "light" is a metaphor for Jesus' example. AT: "I have come to show the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## If anyone hears my words but does not keep them, I do not judge him; for I have come, not to judge the world, but to save the world. ## +# may not remain in the darkness -AT: "If anyone hears my teaching and rejects it, I have no need to condemn him. My teaching, which he has rejected, has condemned him. As for me, I have come not to condemn but to save those who believe in me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "darkness" is a metaphor for living in ignorance of God's truth. AT: "may not continue to be spiritually blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# If anyone hears my words but does not keep them, I do not judge him; for I have not come to judge the world, but to save the world + +Here "to judge the world" implies condemnation. Jesus did not come to condemn people. AT: "If anyone hears my teaching and rejects it, I do not condemn him. I have not come to condemn people. Instead, I have come to save those who trust in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the world + +Here "the world" is a metonym that represents all of the people in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/48.md b/jhn/12/48.md index 685c9c5f60..97d9bda65f 100644 --- a/jhn/12/48.md +++ b/jhn/12/48.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## last day ## +# on the last day -"time when God judges peoples' sins" +"at the time when God judges people's sins" -## I know that his command is life everlasting ## +# I know that his command is eternal life -"I know that the words that he commanded me to say, they are the words that give life forever. \ No newline at end of file +"I know that the words that he commanded me to speak are the words that give life forever" + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/12/intro.md b/jhn/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a77aee1b59 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# John 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:38 and 40, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +Verse 16 is a commentary on these events. It is possible to put this entire verse in parentheses in order to set it apart from the narrative of the story. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Anointing ##### +It was customary to anoint a body in preparation for the body's burial. This would normally not have been done until after a person's death. This was not Mary's intention. Jesus uses Mary's actions to prophesy concerning his approaching death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Donkey ##### + +The way in which Jesus entered into Jerusalem, mounted on an animal, was similar to the way a king would have entered into a city after a great victory. It was traditional for the kings of Israel to ride on a powerful donkey. There was also a donkey present with colt but it is unclear which animal Jesus rode. It is best to translate this as it appears in the ULB without trying to reconcile these two passages. (See: [Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md)) + +##### Light ##### +Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as images representing sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/darkness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "To be glorified" ##### +Jesus' prophesy about being glorified is a reference to his death. The disciples would not have understood that his death would have brought him glory, but it did. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +A paradox is a statement that seems absurd, that appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "he who loves his life will lose it" ([John 12:25-26](./25.md)). + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/01.md b/jhn/13/01.md index 5d01b0af3b..f7f770572f 100644 --- a/jhn/13/01.md +++ b/jhn/13/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Now before the Festival of Passover ## +# General Information: -This phrase is background information to explain setting. Use whatever form your language has for communicating background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +It is not yet Passover and Jesus is together with his disciples for supper. These verses explain the setting of the story and give background information about Jesus and Judas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Judas Iscariot, Simon's Son ## +# Father -AT: "Judas, son of Simon from Kerioth" \ No newline at end of file +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# loved + +This is the kind of love that comes from God, which is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. + +# the devil had already put it into the heart of Judas Iscariot son of Simon, to betray Jesus + +The phrase "put it into the heart" is an idiom that means to cause someone to think about something. AT: "the devil had already caused Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, to think about betraying Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/03.md b/jhn/13/03.md index 8f429ad2a4..04c8ed682b 100644 --- a/jhn/13/03.md +++ b/jhn/13/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## He rose from supper and laid down his outer clothing ## +# Connecting Statement: -Because the area was very dusty it was customary for the host of a dinner to provide a servant to wash the feet of the guests. \ No newline at end of file +Verse 3 continues to tell us background information about what Jesus knew. The action in the story begins in verse 4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# had given everything over into his hands + +Here "his hands" is a metonym for power and authority. AT: "had given him complete power and authority over everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he had come from God and was going back to God + +Jesus had always been with the Father, and would return there after his work on earth was finished. + +# He got up from dinner and took off his outer clothing ... began to wash the feet of the disciples + +Because the region was very dusty, it was customary for the host of a dinner to provide a servant to wash the feet of the guests. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/06.md b/jhn/13/06.md index 9b71d16c95..d72822a86d 100644 --- a/jhn/13/06.md +++ b/jhn/13/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Lord, are you going to wash my feet ## +# Lord, are you going to wash my feet? -AT: "Lord, surely you will not wash my feet." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Peter's question shows that he is not willing for Jesus to wash his feet. AT: "Lord, it is not right for you to wash the feet of me, a sinner!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If I do not wash you, you have no share with me + +Here Jesus states two negatives to convince Peter to allow him to wash his feet. Jesus implies that Peter must let him wash his feet if he wants to continue being a disciple. AT: "If I wash you, you will always belong with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/10.md b/jhn/13/10.md index 89538d746d..8cc8ff084a 100644 --- a/jhn/13/10.md +++ b/jhn/13/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## but not all of you ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "you" here refers to the disciples. +Jesus continues to speak to Simon Peter. -## Not all of you are clean. ## +# General Information: -AT: "Not all of you are free from guilt." \ No newline at end of file +Jesus uses the word "you" to refer to all of his disciples. + +# He who is bathed has no need, except to wash his feet + +Here "bathed" is a metaphor that means that God has cleansed a person spiritually. AT: "If anyone has already received God's forgiveness, he now only needs to receive cleansing from his daily sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Not all of you are clean + +Jesus implies that the one who will betray him, Judas, has not trusted in him. Therefore God has not forgiven him of his sins. AT: "Not all of you have received God's forgiveness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/12.md b/jhn/13/12.md index 1ca2b0c894..cb2804f9a7 100644 --- a/jhn/13/12.md +++ b/jhn/13/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Do you understand what I have done for you? ## +# Do you know what I have done for you? -AT: "You need to understand what I have done for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This remark appears in the form of a question so Jesus can emphasize the importance of what he is teaching his disciples. AT: "You need to understand what I have done for you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You call me 'teacher' and 'Lord,' + +Here Jesus implies that his disciples have great respect for him. AT: "You show me great respect when you call me 'teacher' and 'Lord.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you should also do just as I did for you + +Jesus implies that his disciples should be willing to follow his example and serve one another. AT: "you should also humbly serve each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/16.md b/jhn/13/16.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..86924673bc --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/13/16.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus continues to speak to his disciples. + +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# greater + +"more important" + +# you are blessed + +Here "bless" means to cause good, beneficial things to happen to a person. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this so that the scripture will be fulfilled + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "this is in order to fulfill the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He who eats my bread lifted up his heel against me + +Here the phrase "eats my bread" is an idiom for someone who pretends to be a friend. The phrase "lifted up his heel" is also an idiom, which means someone who has become an enemy. If you have idioms in your language that carry these meanings, you can use them here. AT: "the one who has pretended to be my friend has turned out to be an enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/19.md b/jhn/13/19.md index 04b78086af..3adfc31247 100644 --- a/jhn/13/19.md +++ b/jhn/13/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## I AM ## +# I tell you this now before it happens -This is how God named himself to Moses. It is a sacred name for God that was well known among the Jews. \ No newline at end of file +"I am telling you now what is going to happen before it happens" + +# you may believe that I AM + +"you may believe that I am who I said I am" or "you may believe that I am the Messiah" + +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/21.md b/jhn/13/21.md index c88c675980..8c6861f935 100644 --- a/jhn/13/21.md +++ b/jhn/13/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## troubled ## +# troubled -concerned, upset \ No newline at end of file +concerned, upset + +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# The disciples looked at each other, wondering of whom he was speaking + +"The disciples looked at each other and wondered: "Who will betray Jesus?" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/23.md b/jhn/13/23.md index 9abd8ce429..b7fbf3f142 100644 --- a/jhn/13/23.md +++ b/jhn/13/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## There was at the table reclining ## +# One of his disciples, whom Jesus loved -In that culture people would eat at a low table while lying on their side. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This refers to John. -## Jesus' bosom ## +# lying down at the table -Jesus' chest +During the time of Christ, Jews would often dine together in the Greek style, in which they lay on their sides on low couches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Jesus' breast ## +# Jesus' side -Jesus' chest +Lying with one's head against the side of another diner in the Greek style was considered to be the place of greatest friendship with him. -## the one whom Jesus loved ## +# loved -This refers to John. \ No newline at end of file +This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/26.md b/jhn/13/26.md index 204cf2afec..5049f75b3c 100644 --- a/jhn/13/26.md +++ b/jhn/13/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Iscariot ## +# Iscariot -from the village of Kerioth (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file +This indicates that Judas was from the village of Kerioth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Then after the bread + +The words "Judas took" are understood from the context. AT: "Then after Judas took the bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Satan entered into him + +This is an idiom that means Satan took complete control of Judas. AT: "Satan took control of him" or "Satan started to command him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# so Jesus said to him + +Here Jesus is speaking to Judas. + +# What you are doing, do it quickly + +"Do quickly what you are planning to do!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/28.md b/jhn/13/28.md index 7999ff059c..310b04185e 100644 --- a/jhn/13/28.md +++ b/jhn/13/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## that he should give something to the poor ## +# that he should give something to the poor -This could be translated as a direct quote: "Go and give some money to the poor." \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this as a direct quote: "Go and give some money to the poor." + +# he went out immediately. It was night + +John seems to draw attention here to the fact that Judas will do his evil or "dark" deed in the darkness of the night. AT: "he went out immediately into the dark night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/31.md b/jhn/13/31.md index cf25c52064..ae5a51329f 100644 --- a/jhn/13/31.md +++ b/jhn/13/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## little children ## +# Now the Son of Man is glorified, and God is glorified in him -Jesus uses the term "little children" to communicate that He loves the disciples as though they were His children. \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Now people are about to see how the Son of Man will receive honor and how God will receive honor through what the Son of Man is doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# God will glorify him in himself, and he will glorify him immediately + +The word "him" refers to the Son of Man. The word "himself" is a reflexive pronoun that refers to God. AT: "God himself will immediately give honor to the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# Little children + +Jesus uses the term "Little children" to communicate that he loves the disciples as though they were his children. + +# as I said to the Jews + +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "as I said to the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/34.md b/jhn/13/34.md index fa12eab5b6..b7be462906 100644 --- a/jhn/13/34.md +++ b/jhn/13/34.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## all people ## +# Connecting Statement: -The term "all people" refers to those people who see the disciples' love for each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. + +# love + +This is the kind of love that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. + +# everyone + +You may need to make explicit that this exaggeration refers only to those people who see how the disciples love each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/36.md b/jhn/13/36.md index dbc3e1906b..ab44c60ab8 100644 --- a/jhn/13/36.md +++ b/jhn/13/36.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## lay down my life ## +# lay down my life "give up my life" or "die" -## Will you lay down your life for me? ## +# Will you lay down your life for me? -AT: "You say that you will die for me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus' statement. AT: "You say that you will die for me, but the truth is that you will not!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the rooster will not crow before you have denied me three times + +"you will say that you do not know me three times before the rooster crows" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/13/intro.md b/jhn/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..709842a46a --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# John 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The events of this chapter are commonly referred to as the last supper or the Lord's supper. This Passover feast in many ways parallels Jesus' sacrifice as the lamb of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "To wash the disciples' feet" ##### +Feet were considered very dirty in the ancient Near East. It was normally the servant who was responsible for washing the feet of his master. This act would have been considered humiliating for Jesus, which is why the disciples did not want him to do it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Washing ##### +The image of washing is used here on the eve of Jesus' death. It is Jesus who is able to make people clean. This image represents the ability "to make righteous." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]). + +##### "I am ... " ##### + +John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Son of Man ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Some languages may not have the ability to have a person refer to himself in the third person. + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/01.md b/jhn/14/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d38265e162 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/14/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus reclines at the table with his disciples and continues to speak to them. + +# Do not let your heart be troubled + +This is an idiom. To have a troubled heart means to be worried or anxious. AT: "Stop being so anxious and worried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# In the house of my Father are many rooms + +"there are many places to live in my Father's house" + +# In the house of my Father + +This refers to heaven, where God lives. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# many rooms + +The word "room" can refer to a single room, or to a larger dwelling. + +# I am going to prepare a place for you + +Jesus will prepare a place in heaven for every person who trusts in him. The "you" is plural and refers to all his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/04.md b/jhn/14/04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..15e5cf1a97 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/14/04.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# how can we know the way? + +"how can we know how to get there?" + +# the way + +This is a metaphor that has these possible meanings 1) "the way to God" or 2) "the one who takes people to God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the truth + +This is a metaphor that has these possible meanings 1) "the true person" or 2) "the one who speaks true words about God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the life + +This is a metaphor that means Jesus can give life to people. AT: "the one who can make people alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# no one comes to the Father except through me + +People can come to God and live with him only by trusting Jesus. AT: "No one can come to the Father and live with him unless he comes through me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/08.md b/jhn/14/08.md index 385fe5ca0c..be125527a1 100644 --- a/jhn/14/08.md +++ b/jhn/14/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## "Have I been so long with you, and you still do not know me, Philip? ## +# Lord, show us the Father -AT: "I have been with you-plural already for a very long time, and apparently you-singular still do not know me, Philip." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## how can you say, 'Show us the Father'? ## +# I have been with you for so long and you still do not know me, Philip? -AT: "so you-singular really should not be saying, 'Show us the Father.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus' words. AT: "Philip, I have been with you disciples already for a very long time. You should know me by now!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Whoever has seen me has seen the Father + +To see Jesus, who is God the Son, is to see God the Father. The "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# How can you say, 'Show us the Father'? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize Jesus' words to Philip. AT: "So you really should not be saying, 'Show us the Father!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/10.md b/jhn/14/10.md index 33f0040af0..b79a0f237b 100644 --- a/jhn/14/10.md +++ b/jhn/14/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Do you not believe ## +# Connecting Statement: -Do you-singular not believe (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Jesus asks Philip a question and then he continues to speak to all of his disciples. -## The words that I am speaking to you ## +# Do you not believe ... in me? -"The words that I am speaking to you-plural" (See: :[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize Jesus' words to Philip. AT: "You really should believe ... in me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## The words that I am speaking to you I speak not of my own accord; ## +# Father -"The messages that I tell you do not come from me." \ No newline at end of file +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# The words that I say to you I do not speak from my own authority + +"What I am telling you is not from me" or "The words I tell you are not from me" + +# The words that I say to you + +Here "you" is plural. Jesus is now speaking to all of his disciples. + +# I am in the Father, and the Father is in me + +This is an idiom that means God the Father and Jesus have a unique relationship. AT: "I am one with the Father, and the Father is one with me" or "my Father and I are just as though we were one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/12.md b/jhn/14/12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6f4305a8a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/14/12.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# believes in me + +This means to believe that Jesus is the Son of God. + +# Whatever you ask in my name + +Here "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. AT: "Whatever you ask, using my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that the Father will be glorified in the Son + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so I can show everyone how great my Father is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Father ... Son + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# If you ask me anything in my name, I will do it + +Here "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. AT: "If you ask me anything as one of my followers, I will do it" or "Whatever you ask of me, I will do it because you belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/15.md b/jhn/14/15.md index 8b81f23853..a71595219b 100644 --- a/jhn/14/15.md +++ b/jhn/14/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Comforter ## +# Comforter -the Holy Spirit; “the one who comes near to help”, or “the one who comforts” or “the one who helps” +This refers to the Holy Spirit. -## Spirit of truth ## +# Spirit of truth -the Holy Spirit. +This refers to the Holy Spirit who teaches people what is true about God. -## the world ## +# The world cannot receive him -people who do not trust Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +Here the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. AT: "The unbelieving people in this world will never welcome him" or "Those who oppose God will not accept him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/18.md b/jhn/14/18.md index 5fe235d8e1..c693b720c2 100644 --- a/jhn/14/18.md +++ b/jhn/14/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## the world ## +# leave you alone -the people who do not belong to God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Jesus implies that he will not leave his disciples with no one to care for them. AT: "leave you with no one to care for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the world + +Here the "world" is a metonym that represents the people who do not belong to God. AT: "the unbelievers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will know that I am in my Father + +God the Father and Jesus live as one person. AT: "you will know that my Father and I are truly one person." + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# you are in me, and that I am in you + +"you and I are just like one person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/21.md b/jhn/14/21.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d10504e06a --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/14/21.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# loves + +This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. + +# he who loves me will be loved by my Father + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "my Father will love anyone who loves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Judas (not Iscariot) + +This refers to another disciple whose name was Judas, not to the disciple who was from the village of Kerioth who betrayed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# why is it that you will show yourself to us + +Here the word "show" refers to revealing how wonderful Jesus is. AT: "Why will you reveal yourself only to us" or "Why will you only let us see how wonderful you are?" + +# not to the world + +Here "world" is a metonym that represents the people who oppose God. AT: "not to those who do not belong to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/23.md b/jhn/14/23.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9bb39cd3c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/14/23.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus responds to Judas (not Iscariot). + +# If anyone loves me, he will keep my word + +"The one who loves me will do what I have told him to do" + +# loves + +This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. + +# My Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# we will come to him and we will make our home with him + +The Father and the Son will share life with those who obey what Jesus commands. AT: "we will come to live with him, and will have a personal relationship with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The word that you hear is not from me but from the Father who sent me + +"The things I have told you are not things that I have decided to say on my own" + +# The word + +Here the "word" is a metonym for the message that Jesus brings from God. AT: "The message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that you hear + +Here when Jesus says "you" he is speaking to all of his disciples. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/25.md b/jhn/14/25.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1dd36cc20a --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/14/25.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Comforter + +This refers to the Holy Spirit. See how you translated this in [John 14:16](./15.md). + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# in my name + +Here the word "name" is a metonym that represents Jesus' power and authority. AT: "because of me" or "for my sake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# world + +The "world" is a metonym that represents those people who do not love God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do not let your heart be troubled, and do not be afraid + +"To have a troubled heart" is an idiom that means to be very anxious or afraid. Here Jesus speaks of the heart as if it were a person. AT: "So stop being anxious, and do not be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/28.md b/jhn/14/28.md index 369cb73aff..0e9456c1a6 100644 --- a/jhn/14/28.md +++ b/jhn/14/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## is greater than I. ## +# loved -"has greater authority than I have here." \ No newline at end of file +This kind of love comes from God and desires the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. + +# I am going to the Father + +Here Jesus implies that he will return to his Father. AT: "I am going back to the Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Father is greater than I + +Here Jesus implies that the Father has greater authority than the Son while the Son is on the earth. AT: "the Father has greater authority than I have here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/30.md b/jhn/14/30.md index 412aab00ff..896c77ab7f 100644 --- a/jhn/14/30.md +++ b/jhn/14/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## prince of this world ## +# ruler of this world -This is a title for the devil, Satan. \ No newline at end of file +Here "ruler" refers to Satan. See how you translated this in [John 12:31](../12/30.md). AT: "Satan who rules this world" + +# ruler ... is coming + +Here Jesus implies that Satan is coming to attack him. AT: "Satan is coming to attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in order that the world will know + +Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who do not belong to God. AT: "in order that the ones who do not belong to God may know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/14/intro.md b/jhn/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fc545e7ec2 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# John 14 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "My Father's house" ##### +This is not a reference to the temple. Instead, it is a reference to the dwelling place of God in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +##### Comforter ##### +This is another name for the Holy Spirit, along with the "Spirit of Truth." He was already present in the world, but would come in a special way, to dwell in Christians, permanently. Jesus and the Holy Spirit are both God; because of this fact, it can be said that Jesus will live in Christians after his death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/01.md b/jhn/15/01.md index c3225a8012..54cee93562 100644 --- a/jhn/15/01.md +++ b/jhn/15/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the disciples. +# Connecting Statement: -## I am the true vine ## +The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus reclines at the table with his disciples and continues to speak to them. -Jesus compares himself to a vine or a vine stem. He means that he is the source of life that causes people to live in a way that pleases God. AT: "I am like a trustworthy vine that will produce good fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# I am the true vine -## and my Father is the vine grower ## +Here the "true vine" is a metaphor. Jesus compares himself to a vine or a vine stem. He is the source of life that causes people to live in a way that pleases God. AT: "I am like a vine that produces good fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -A "vine grower" is a person who takes care of the vine to ensure it is as fruitful as possible. God the Father takes care of Jesus and makes sure those who follow him live in a pleasing manner. AT: "my Father is like a gardener" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# my Father is the gardener -## He takes away every branch in me that bears no fruit, and he cleans every branch that bears fruit so that it may bear more fruit. ## +The "gardener" is a metaphor. A "gardener" is a person who takes care of the vine to ensure it is as fruitful as possible. AT: "my Father is like a gardener" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -People are like the branches connected to the vine. God cares for them so that those who belong to Jesus will be able to live in a way that is pleasing to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# my Father -## takes away ## +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -Most version understand this to mean "cut off and take away" (UDB). There is also a minority view that it means to lift of the branches from the ground so they will begin to produce fruit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# He takes away every branch in me that does not bear fruit, and he prunes every branch that bears fruit so that it will bear more fruit + +Here the "branch" is a metaphor that represents each person who belongs to Jesus. God cares for them so that they will be able to live in a way that is pleasing to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# takes away + +"cuts off and takes away" + +# prunes every branch + +"trims every branch" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/03.md b/jhn/15/03.md index 09e046d5ed..8bd0abc422 100644 --- a/jhn/15/03.md +++ b/jhn/15/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## You are ## +# You are already clean because of the message that I have spoken to you -The word "you" throughout this passage is plural and refers to the disciples of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +The implied metaphor here is the "clean branches" that have already been "pruned." AT: "It is as if you have already been pruned and are clean branches because you have obeyed what I have taught you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Already you are clean because of the message that I have spoken to you. ## +# you -Alternate translation: "It is as if you have already been pruned and are clean branches because you have obeyed what I have taught to you." See: ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "you" throughout this passage is plural and refers to the disciples of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Remain in me, and I in you + +"If you remain joined to me, I will remain joined to you" or "Remain joined to me, and I will remain joined to you" + +# unless you remain in me + +By remaining in Christ, those who belong to him depend on him for everything. AT: "unless you stay joined to me and depend upon me for everything." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/05.md b/jhn/15/05.md index 90b2f386cb..b1ec3fab79 100644 --- a/jhn/15/05.md +++ b/jhn/15/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## I am the vine; you are the branches ## +# I am the vine, you are the branches -Alternate translation: "I am like the vine; you are like the branches" See: ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The "vine" is a metaphor that represents Jesus. The "branches" is a metaphor that represent those who trust in Jesus and belong to him. AT: "I am like a vine, and you are like branches that are attached to the vine."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he is thrown away like a branch ## +# He who remains in me and I in him -"The vinedresser throws him away like a branch" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Jesus implies that his followers are joined to him as he is joined to God. AT: "He who stays joined to me, as I stay joined to my Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he bears much fruit + +The implied metaphor here is the fruitful branch that represents the believer who pleases God. Just as a branch that is attached to the vine will bear much fruit, those who stay joined to Jesus will do many things that please God. AT: "you will bear much fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he is thrown away like a branch and dries up + +Here the implied metaphor is the unfruitful branch that represents those who do not stay joined to Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the vinedresser throws him away like a branch and it dries up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). + +# they are burned up + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the fire burns them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# ask whatever you wish + +Jesus implies that believers must ask God to answer their prayers. AT: "ask God whatever you wish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# it will be done for you + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "he will do it for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/08.md b/jhn/15/08.md index 05f8d7e293..88f8b3a9da 100644 --- a/jhn/15/08.md +++ b/jhn/15/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## that you be my disciples ## +# My Father is glorified in this + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "It causes people to honor my Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# My Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# that you bear much fruit + +Here "fruit" is a metaphor for living to please God. AT: "when you live in a way that pleases him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# are my disciples "show you are my disciples" or "demonstrate you are my disciples" -## remain in my love ## +# As the Father has loved me, I have also loved you -"continue to be aware of how much I love you" \ No newline at end of file +Jesus shares the love that God the Father has for him with those who trust in him. Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Remain in my love + +"Continue to accept my love" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/10.md b/jhn/15/10.md index f6e25a0a22..7a8548cb6a 100644 --- a/jhn/15/10.md +++ b/jhn/15/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## If you keep my commandments, you will remain in my love as I have kept my Father’s commandments and remain in his love. ## +# If you keep my commandments, you will remain in my love, as I have kept the commandments of my Father and remain in his love -"If you obey what I have taught you, you will continue to be aware of my love for you, just as I obey my Father's commands and am continually aware of his love." \ No newline at end of file +When Jesus' followers obey him, they show their love for him. AT: "When you do the things I have told you to do, you are living in my love, just as I obey my Father and live in his love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my Father + +Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# I have spoken these things to you so that my joy will be in you + +"I have told you these things so that you will have the same kind of joy that I have" + +# so that your joy will be complete + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so that you will be completely joyful" or "so that your joy may have nothing missing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/12.md b/jhn/15/12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4bc77029f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/15/12.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# No one has a love greater than this + +This kind of love comes from God and desires the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. AT: "You can have no greater love than this." + +# life + +This refers to physical life. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/14.md b/jhn/15/14.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..476d888a62 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/15/14.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# everything that I heard from my Father, I have made known to you + +"I have told you everything my Father told me" + +# my Father + +Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/16.md b/jhn/15/16.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6562f2b49b --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/15/16.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# You did not choose me + +Jesus implies that his followers did not decide on their own to become his disciples. AT: "You did not decide to become my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# go and bear fruit + +Here "fruit" is a metaphor that represents a life that is pleasing to God. AT: "live lives that please God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that your fruit should remain + +"that the results of what you do should last forever" + +# whatever you ask of the Father in my name, he will give it to you + +Here "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. AT: "Because you belong to me, whatever you ask of the Father, he will give it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/18.md b/jhn/15/18.md index 036c6372bd..353cee33ef 100644 --- a/jhn/15/18.md +++ b/jhn/15/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## If the world hates you ... reason the world hates you ## +# If the world hates you ... therefore the world hates you -Jesus is using the term "world" in these verses to refer to the people who do not belong to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus uses the term "world" in these verses as a metonym to refer to the people who do not belong to God and are opposed to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# love + +This refers to human, brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/20.md b/jhn/15/20.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5c79a170bd --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/15/20.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Remember the word that I said to you + +Here "word" is a metonym for the message of Jesus. AT: "Remember the message that I spoke to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because of my name + +Here "because of my name" is a metonym that represents Jesus. People will make his followers suffer because they belong to him. AT: "because you belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# If I had not come and spoken to them, they would not have sin, but now they have no excuse for their sin + +Jesus implies here that he has shared God's message with those who do not trust him. AT: "Because I have come and told them God's message, they have no excuse when God judges them for their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/23.md b/jhn/15/23.md index 48b84141ec..95d85c83a2 100644 --- a/jhn/15/23.md +++ b/jhn/15/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## word may be fulfilled ## +# He who hates me also hates my Father ... they have seen and hated both me and my Father -"prophecy may be fulfilled" \ No newline at end of file +To hate God the Son is to hate God the Father. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# If I had not done the works that no one else did among them, they would have no sin, but + +You can translate this double negative in a positive form. AT: "Because I have done among them the works that no one else did, they have had sin, and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# they would have no sin + +"they would not have any sin." See how you translated this in [John 15:22](./20.md). + +# to fulfill the word that is written in their law + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "to fulfill the prophecy in their law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# law + +This refers generally to the entire Old Testament, which contained all of God's instructions for his people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/26.md b/jhn/15/26.md index dd3e60d570..488ec75aa5 100644 --- a/jhn/15/26.md +++ b/jhn/15/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## the Comforter ## +# the Comforter -the Holy Spirit, "One who encourages" or "One who helps" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the Holy Spirit. See how you translated this in [John 14:16](../14/15.md). + +# will send ... from the Father ... the Spirit of truth ... he will testify about me + +God the Father sent God the Spirit to show the world that Jesus is God the Son. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the Spirit of truth + +This is a title for the Holy Spirit. AT: "the Spirit who tells the truth about God and me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You are also testifying + +Here "testifying" means to tell others about Jesus. AT: "You also must tell everyone what you know about me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the beginning + +Here the "beginning" is a metonym that means the first days of Jesus' ministry. AT: "from the very first days when I began teaching the people and doing miracles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/15/intro.md b/jhn/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..051145b37b --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# John 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Vine ##### +The vine is an important image in scripture. This chapter forms a complex and extended metaphor. The various aspects of this image and how it is used will cause translation issues in any culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "I am ... " ##### + +John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/01.md b/jhn/16/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..667bf8ddcc --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/16/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus reclines at the table with his disciples and continues to speak to them. + +# you will not fall away + +Here the phrase "fall away" implies to stop putting one's trust in Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so that you would not stop trusting in me because of the difficulties you must face." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the hour is coming when everyone who kills you will think that he is offering a service to God + +"it will someday happen that a person will kill you and think he is doing something good for God." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/03.md b/jhn/16/03.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..74d0bf1db1 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/16/03.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# They will do these things because they have not known the Father nor me + +They will kill some believers because they do not know God the Father or Jesus. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# when their hour comes + +Here "hour" is a metonym that refers to the time when people will persecute Jesus' followers. AT: "when they cause you to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the beginning + +This is a metonym that refers to the first days of Jesus' ministry. AT: "when you first started following me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/05.md b/jhn/16/05.md index a7b7693524..8417b4b223 100644 --- a/jhn/16/05.md +++ b/jhn/16/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## I will send him ## +# sadness has filled your heart -the Comforter or Holy Spirit (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that means the disciples are very sad. AT: "you are now very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# if I do not go away, the Comforter will not come to you + +You can translate this in a positive form. AT: "the Comforter will come to you only if I go away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# Comforter + +This is a title for the Holy Spirit who will be with the disciples after Jesus goes away. See how you translated this in [John 14:26](../14/25.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/08.md b/jhn/16/08.md index f265034c81..ec47eda1bb 100644 --- a/jhn/16/08.md +++ b/jhn/16/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## regarding righteousness, because I am going to the Father, and you will see me no more; ## +# the Comforter will prove the world to be wrong about sin ... righteousness ... I am going to the Father -"He will tell people that because I am going back to my Father, and you will no longer see me, you will know that I am the one who was truly righteous." +When the Holy Spirit came, he began to show people that they are sinners. -## the prince of this world ## +# Comforter -Satan, the ruler of the corrupt things in the world. You should translate "the prince of this world" in the same manner as you did in [John 12:30](../12/30.md)) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the Holy Spirit. See how you translated this in [John 14:16](../14/15.md). + +# world + +This is a metonym that refers to the people in the world.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# about sin, because they do not believe in me + +"they are guilty of sin because they do not trust in me" + +# about righteousness, because I am going to the Father, and you will no longer see me + +"when I return to God, and they see me no more, they will know that I did the right things" + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# about judgment, because the ruler of this world has been judged + +"God will hold them accountable and will punish them for their sins, just as he will punish Satan, the one who rules this world" + +# the ruler of this world + +Here "ruler" refers to Satan. See how you translated this in [John 12:31](../12/30.md). AT: "Satan who rules this world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/12.md b/jhn/16/12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c73aa3996f --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/16/12.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# things to say to you + +"messages for you" or "words for you" + +# the Spirit of Truth + +This is a name for the Holy Spirit who will tell the people the truth about God. + +# he will guide you into all the truth + +The "truth" refers to spiritual truth. AT: "he will teach you all the spiritual truth you need to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he will say whatever he hears + +Jesus implies that God the Father will speak to the Spirit. AT: "he will say whatever God tells him to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he will take from what is mine and he will tell it to you + +Here "things of mine" refers to Jesus' teaching and mighty works. AT: "he will reveal to you that what I have said and done are indeed true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/15.md b/jhn/16/15.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c803a6bb46 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/16/15.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the Spirit will take from what is mine and he will tell it to you + +The Holy Spirit will tell people that the words and works of Jesus are true. AT: "The Holy Spirit will tell everyone that my words and works are true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# In a short amount of time + +"Soon" or "Before much time passes" + +# after another short amount of time + +"again, before much time passes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/17.md b/jhn/16/17.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cff651feb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/16/17.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + +There is a break in Jesus' speaking as his disciples ask each other about what Jesus meant. + +# A short amount of time you will no longer see me + +The disciples did not understand that this refers to Jesus' death on the cross. + +# after another short amount of time you will see me + +Possible meanings are 1) This could refer to Jesus' resurrection or 2) This could refer to Jesus' coming at the end of time. + +# the Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/19.md b/jhn/16/19.md index 030e1b3958..7dd07c2f37 100644 --- a/jhn/16/19.md +++ b/jhn/16/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Do you ask yourselves, concerning this, that I said ## +# Connecting Statement: -Jesus uses this question to focus his disciples on what he has just told them so he can explain further. AT: "You are asking yourselves what I meant when I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. + +# Is this what you are asking yourselves, what I meant by saying, ... see me'? + +Jesus uses this question so his disciples will focus on what he has just told them, so he can explain further. AT: "You are asking yourselves what I meant when I said, ... see me.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Truly, truly, I say to you + +Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# but the world will be glad + +Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who oppose God. AT: "but the people who oppose God will be glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but your sorrow will be turned into joy + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "but your sadness will turn into joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/22.md b/jhn/16/22.md index ca323aa5b4..4ca349c2e0 100644 --- a/jhn/16/22.md +++ b/jhn/16/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## in my name ## +# your heart will be glad -"with my authority" or "on my behalf" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that speaks of the heart as if it were a person. AT: "you will be very happy" or "you will be very joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Truly, truly, I say to you + +Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). + +# if you ask anything of the Father in my name, he will give it to you + +Here the word "name" is a metonym that refers to the person and authority of Jesus. AT: "if you ask anything of the Father, he will give it to you because you belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# in my name + +Here "name" is a metonym that refers to the person and authority of Jesus. The Father will honor the requests of the believers because of their relationship with Jesus. AT: "because you are my followers" or "on my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your joy will be fulfilled + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will give you great joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/25.md b/jhn/16/25.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f13ee232da --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/16/25.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# in figures of speech + +"in language that is not clear" + +# the hour is coming + +"it will soon happen" + +# tell you plainly about the Father + +"tell you about the Father in a way that you will clearly understand." + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/26.md b/jhn/16/26.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8ef3c7a845 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/16/26.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# you will ask in my name + +Here "name" is a metonym for the person and authority of Jesus. AT: "you will ask because you belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Father himself loves you because you have loved me + +When a person loves Jesus, the Son, they also love the Father, because the Father and Son are one. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# I came from the Father ... I am leaving the world and I am going to the Father + +After his death and resurrection, Jesus will return to God the Father. + +# I came from the Father ... going to the Father + +Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# world + +The "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/29.md b/jhn/16/29.md index b7ee3ec600..50ae9ec49b 100644 --- a/jhn/16/29.md +++ b/jhn/16/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Do you now believe? ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Now you finally place your trust in me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The disciples respond to Jesus. + +# Do you believe now? + +This remarks appears in the form of a question to show that Jesus is puzzled that his disciples are only now ready to trust him. AT: "So, now you finally place your trust in me! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/32.md b/jhn/16/32.md index 792be47b76..0ade0ce286 100644 --- a/jhn/16/32.md +++ b/jhn/16/32.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## I have overcome the world ## +# Connecting Statement: -"I have defeated those who are against God" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. + +# you will be scattered + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "others will scatter you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Father is with me + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# so that you will have peace in me + +Here "peace" refers to inner peace. AT: "so that you may have inner peace because of your relationship with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I have conquered the world + +Here "the world" refers to the troubles and persecution that believers will endure from those who oppose God. AT: "I have conquered the troubles of this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/16/intro.md b/jhn/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..40d2be43f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# John 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Comforter ##### +This is another name for the Holy Spirit, who is also called the "Spirit of truth." He was already present in the world, but would come in a special way, to dwell in Christians, permanently. Jesus and the Holy Spirit are both God; because of this fact, it can be said that Jesus will live in Christians after his death. This is one of the reasons why it is "better for you that I go away." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) + +##### "The hour is coming" ##### +This is a phrase that can also be translated as "the time is coming." Jesus refers to the time after his death as this coming hour. When used, it can be seen as a prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +Jesus compares his death to the pains of a woman giving birth. It is through pain that new life comes. It is doubtful that the audience would have understood the metaphor when it was spoken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/01.md b/jhn/17/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0641b0f132 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/17/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus had been speaking to his disciples, but now he begins to pray to God. + +# he lifted up his eyes to the heavens + +This is an idiom that means to look upward. AT: "he looked up to the sky." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# heavens + +This refers to the sky. + +# Father ... glorify your Son so that the Son will glorify you + +Jesus asks God the Father to honor him so that he can give honor to God. + +# Father ... Son + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the hour has come + +Here the word "hour" is a metonym that refers to the time for Jesus to suffer and die. AT: "it is time for me to suffer and die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all flesh + +This refers to all people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/03.md b/jhn/17/03.md index f4f1db1466..b55f493aea 100644 --- a/jhn/17/03.md +++ b/jhn/17/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to pray +# This is eternal life ... know you, the only true God, and ... Jesus Christ -## that they should know you ## +Eternal life is to know the only true God, God the Father and God the Son. -"know" God by experience, rather than just "knowing" things about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# the work that you have given me to do -## the work that you have given me to do - ## +Here "work" is a metonym that refers to Jesus' entire earthly ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -**"The work" refers to Jesus' entire earthly gospel ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Father, glorify me ... with the glory that I had with you before the world was made + +Jesus had glory with God the Father "before the world was made" because Jesus is God the Son. AT: "Father, give me honor by bringing me into your presence as we were before we made the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/06.md b/jhn/17/06.md index 369931b3e2..fb63f2b780 100644 --- a/jhn/17/06.md +++ b/jhn/17/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## out of the world ## +# Connecting Statement: -All the people who reject belief in God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Jesus begins to pray for his disciples. -## kept your word ## +# I revealed your name -"obeyed your teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" is a metonym that refers to the person of God. AT: "I taught them who you really are and what you are like." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the world + +Here "world" is a metonym that refers to the people of the world that oppose God. This means that God has separated the believers spiritually from the people who do not believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# kept your word + +This is an idiom that means to obey. AT: "obeyed your teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/09.md b/jhn/17/09.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8179ce8025 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/17/09.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# I do not pray for the world + +Here the word "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. AT: "I am not praying for those who do not belong to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the world + +This is a metonym that refers to being on earth and being among the people who oppose God. AT: "among the people who do not belong to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Holy Father, keep them ... that they will be one ... as we are one + +Jesus asks the Father to keep those who trust in him so they can have a close relationship with God. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# keep them in your name that you have given me + +Here the word "name" is a metonym that refers to God's protection and oversight. AT: "keep them under the protection of your name just as you have protected me" or "protect them by the power of your name that you have given me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/12.md b/jhn/17/12.md index b8fe3c8a71..dc51595220 100644 --- a/jhn/17/12.md +++ b/jhn/17/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## so that the Scriptures might be fulfilled ## +# I kept them in your name -Those things written in the Scriptures (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" is a metonym that refers to the power and protection of God. AT: "I kept them with your protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not one of them was destroyed, except for the son of destruction + +"the only one among them who was destroyed is the son of destruction" + +# the son of destruction + +This refers to Judas, who betrayed Jesus. AT: "the one whom you long ago decided you would destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that the scriptures would be fulfilled + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "to fulfill the prophecy about him in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the world + +Here "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that they will have my joy fulfilled in themselves + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so that you might give them great joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the world ... because they are not of the world ... I am not of the world + +Here "the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. AT: "The people who oppose you have hated my followers because they do not belong to those who do not believe, just as I do not belong to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/15.md b/jhn/17/15.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..81cf14640e --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/17/15.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# the world + +In this passage, "the world" is a metonym for the people who oppose God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# keep them from the evil one + +This refers to Satan. AT: "protect them from Satan, the evil one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Set them apart by the truth + +The purpose for setting them apart can be stated clearly. The phrase "by the truth" here represents by teaching the truth. AT: "Make them your own people by teaching them the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Your word is truth + +"Your message is true" or "What you say is true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/18.md b/jhn/17/18.md index 01357c9f45..c6a15d8ad7 100644 --- a/jhn/17/18.md +++ b/jhn/17/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## into the world ## +# into the world -every person and place throughout the world. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here into "the world" is a metonym that means to the people who live in the world. AT: "to the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for their sakes ## +# so that they themselves may also be set apart in truth -"for their benefit" or "for their good" \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so that they may also set apart themselves truly to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/20.md b/jhn/17/20.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2cfc5c3801 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/17/20.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# they will all be one ... just as you, Father, are in me, and I am in you ... they will also be in us + +Those who trust in Jesus become united with the Father and the Son when they believe. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the world + +Here the "the world" is a metonym that refers to the people who do not yet know God. AT: "the people who do not know God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/22.md b/jhn/17/22.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0c85069a32 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/17/22.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# The glory that you gave me, I have given to them + +"I have honored my followers just as you have honored me" + +# so that they will be one, just as we are one + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so that you can unite them just as you have united us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that they may be brought to complete unity + +"that they may be completely united" + +# that the world will know + +Here "the world" is a metonym that refers to the people who do not know God. AT: "that all the people will know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# loved + +This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/24.md b/jhn/17/24.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7d74dc912c --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/17/24.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# where I am + +Here "where I am" refers to heaven. AT: "with me in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to see my glory + +"to see my greatness" + +# before the creation of the world + +Here Jesus refers to the time before creation. AT: "before we created the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/25.md b/jhn/17/25.md index d6b44fc141..969a413b0f 100644 --- a/jhn/17/25.md +++ b/jhn/17/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## the world did not know you, but I know you; and these know that you sent me ## +# Connecting Statement: -"The world does not have the experience of knowing you as I know you; and these know that you have sent me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus finishes his prayer. + +# Righteous Father + +Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the world did not know you + +The "world" is a metonym for the people who do not belong to God. AT: "those who do not belong to you do not know what you are like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I made your name known to them + +The word "name" refers to God. AT: "I have revealed to them what you are like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# love ... loved + +This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/17/intro.md b/jhn/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7052b8dfa8 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# John 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter forms one long prayer. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The eternality of Jesus ##### +This chapter makes it clear that Jesus existed before the world was created. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Prayer ##### +Prayer can be a difficult concept to translate in cultures not familiar with this practice. Since Jesus is God, his prayers are not like the prayers of other men. This chapter can be especially difficult to understand because Jesus does not have a real "need" to pray in order to ask for help, and his prayers can also sound like a command. It would be unacceptable for someone else to pray in this manner. + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/01.md b/jhn/18/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fd9ec61b25 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/18/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + +This is the next part of the story, which includes Jesus' arrest. Verse 1 tells us the setting of the story and verse 2 tells us background knowledge about Judas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Kidron Valley + +a valley in Jerusalem separating the Temple Mount from the Mount of Olives (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# where there was a garden + +This was a grove of olive trees. AT: "where there was a grove of olive trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/04.md b/jhn/18/04.md index 603d3ea2ee..64f55089b0 100644 --- a/jhn/18/04.md +++ b/jhn/18/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## For whom are you looking ## +# General Information: -"Who are you looking for?" +Jesus begins to speak with the soldiers, officers, and Pharisees. -## I am ## +# Then Jesus, who knew all the things that were happening to him -Here the word "he" is not present in the original text, but it is implied. Alternate translations: "I am he" or "I am that person." \ No newline at end of file +"Then Jesus, who knew everything that was about to happen to him" + +# Jesus of Nazareth + +"Jesus, the man from Nazareth" + +# I am + +The word "he" is implied in the text. AT: "I am he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who betrayed him + +"who handed him over" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/06.md b/jhn/18/06.md index 28b7d33c9e..3978cb1410 100644 --- a/jhn/18/06.md +++ b/jhn/18/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## I am ## +# I am -While the word "he" is not present in the original text, it is implied. Alternate translations: "I am he" or "I am that person." \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "he" is not present in the original text, but it is implied. AT: "I am he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# fell to the ground + +The men fell to the ground because of Jesus' power. AT: "fell down because of Jesus' power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Jesus of Nazareth + +"Jesus, the man from Nazareth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/08.md b/jhn/18/08.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0366c818e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/18/08.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + +In verse 9 there is a break from the main storyline as John tells us background information about Jesus fulfilling Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# I am + +Here the word "he" is not present in the original text, but it is implied. AT: "I am he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# This was in order to fulfill the word that he said + +Here "the word" refers to the words Jesus had prayed. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "This happened in order to fulfill the words that he had said when he was praying to his Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/10.md b/jhn/18/10.md index 83c5c6b104..4191da30bf 100644 --- a/jhn/18/10.md +++ b/jhn/18/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## name was Malchus ## +# Malchus -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Malchus is a male servant of the high priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## into its sheath ## +# sheath -the cover for a sharp knife or sword so it would not cut the owner +the cover for a sharp knife or sword, so the knife will not cut the owner -## cup ## +# Should I not drink the cup that the Father has given me? -This can refer to 1) the amount suffering that Jesus must accept (see UDB) or 2) the wrath of God that Jesus must endure in order to redeem his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus' statement. AT: "I must surely drink the cup that the Father has given to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## should I not drink it? ## +# the cup -Jesus asks this question to emphasize that he must indeed suffer. Alternate translation: "I must drink it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "cup" is a metaphor that refers to the suffering that Jesus must endure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/12.md b/jhn/18/12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c1b045b5ca --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/18/12.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + +Verse 14 tells us background information about Caiaphas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# the Jews + +Here "the Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# seized Jesus and tied him up + +The soldiers tied Jesus' hands to prevent him from escaping. AT: "captured Jesus and tied him up to prevent him from escaping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/15.md b/jhn/18/15.md index 5aaa08ce8f..45c0aef8f0 100644 --- a/jhn/18/15.md +++ b/jhn/18/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## another disciple. Now that disciple ## +# Now that disciple was known to the high priest, and he entered with Jesus -This is the Apostle John, the writer of this gospel. \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Now the high priest knew that disciple so he was able to enter with Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# So the other disciple, who was known to the high priest + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "So the other disciple, whom the high priest knew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/17.md b/jhn/18/17.md index 67fc30648a..83c93e6a63 100644 --- a/jhn/18/17.md +++ b/jhn/18/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Are you not also one of this man’s disciples? ## +# Are you not also one of the disciples of this man? -AT: "You are one of this man's disciples." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This appears in the form of a question to enable the servant to express her remark somewhat cautiously. AT: "You are also one of the arrested man's disciples! Are you not?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Now the servants and the officers were standing there, and they had made a charcoal fire, for it was cold, and they were warming themselves + +These were the high priest's servants and the temple guards. AT: "It was cold, so the high priest's servants and temple guards made a charcoal fire and were standing and warming themselves around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline so John can add the information about the people who were warming themselves around the fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/19.md b/jhn/18/19.md index 361ee3a461..24e6dd8737 100644 --- a/jhn/18/19.md +++ b/jhn/18/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## the high priest ## +# General Information: -This was Caiphas. (See [John 18:12](./12.md)) +Here the storyline shifts back to Jesus. -## spoke openly to the world ## +# The high priest -Jesus has conducted his ministry in public. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This was Caiphas. (See: [John 18:13](./12.md)) -## These people ## +# about his disciples and his teaching -the people who heard Jesus teach \ No newline at end of file +Here "his teaching" refers to what Jesus had been teaching the people. AT: "about his disciples and what he had been teaching the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I have spoken openly to the world + +You may need to make explicit that the word "world" is a metonym for those people who had heard Jesus teach. Here the exaggeration "the world" emphasizes that Jesus has spoken openly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# where all the Jews come together + +Here "all the Jews" is an exaggeration that emphasizes that Jesus spoke where anyone who wanted to hear him could hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Why did you ask me? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to what Jesus is saying. AT: "You should not be asking me these questions!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/22.md b/jhn/18/22.md index 429cff15d1..ce454bca94 100644 --- a/jhn/18/22.md +++ b/jhn/18/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Is that how you should answer the high priest? ## +# Is that how you answer the high priest? -AT: "That is not how you should answer the high priest!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "That is not how you should answer the high priest!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## bear witness to the evil. ## +# testify about the wrong "tell me what I said that was wrong" -## if I have answered well, why do you strike me? ## +# if rightly, why do you hit me? -"if I have answered truthfully, you should not strike me"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to what Jesus is saying. AT: "if I said only what was right, you should not be hitting me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/25.md b/jhn/18/25.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9a8103ab31 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/18/25.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + +Here the storyline shifts back to Peter. + +# Now + +This word is used to mark a break in the storyline so John can provide information about Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Are you not also one of his disciples? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "You are also one of his disciples!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did I not see you in the garden with him? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Here the word "him" refers to Jesus. AT: "I saw you in the olive tree grove with the man they arrested! Did I not?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Peter then denied again + +Here it is implied that Peter denied knowing and being with Jesus. AT: "Peter then denied again that he knew Jesus or that he had been with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# immediately the rooster crowed + +Here it is assumed the reader will remember that Jesus had said Peter would deny him before the rooster crowed. AT: "immediately the rooster crowed, just as Jesus had said would happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/28.md b/jhn/18/28.md index 9b7cb667fc..e8e9ad9cc7 100644 --- a/jhn/18/28.md +++ b/jhn/18/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## If this man were not an evil doer, we would not have delivered him up to you. ## +# General Information: -"This man is an evil doer and we certainly must bring him to you for punishment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the storyline shifts back to Jesus. The soldiers and Jesus' accusers bring him to Caiaphas. Verse 28 gives us background information about why they did not enter the Praetorium. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Then they led Jesus from Caiaphas + +Here it is implied that they are leading Jesus from Caiaphas' house. AT: "Then they led Jesus from Caiaphas' house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they did not enter the government headquarters so that they would not be defiled + +Pilate was not a Jew, so if the Jewish leaders entered his headquarters, they would be defiled. This would have prevented them from celebrating the Passover. You can translate the double negative in a positive form. AT: "they themselves remained outside Pilate's headquarters because Pilate was a Gentile. They did not want to become defiled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# If this man was not an evildoer, we would not have given him over to you + +You can translate this double negative in a positive form. AT: "This man is an evil doer, and we had to bring him to you for punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# given him over + +This phrase here means to hand over to an enemy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/31.md b/jhn/18/31.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cfd8c147c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/18/31.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + +In verse 32 there is a break from the main storyline as the author tells us background information about how Jesus' predicted how he would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# The Jews said to him + +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus and arrested him. AT: "The Jewish leaders said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# It is not lawful for us to put any man to death + +According to Roman law, the Jews could not put a man to death. AT: "According to Roman law, we cannot put a person to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that the word of Jesus would be fulfilled + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "in order to fulfill what Jesus had said earlier" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to indicate by what kind of death he would die + +"regarding how he would die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/33.md b/jhn/18/33.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..21ba21b5ab --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/18/33.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# I am not a Jew, am I? + +This remark appears in the form of a question so Pilate can emphasize his complete lack of interest in the cultural affairs of the Jewish people. AT: "Well I am certainly not a Jew, and I have no interest in these matters!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Your own people + +"Your fellow Jews" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/36.md b/jhn/18/36.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1bc08aeafe --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/18/36.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# My kingdom is not of this world + +Here "world" is a metonym for the people who oppose Jesus. Possible meanings are 1) "My kingdom is not part of this world" or 2) "I do not need this world's permission to rule as their king" or "It is not from this world that I have authority to be king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that I would not be given over to the Jews + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "and would prevent the Jewish leaders from arresting me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Jews + +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I have come into the world + +Here "world" is a synecdoche that refers to the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# bear witness to the truth + +Here "the truth" refers to the truth about God. AT: "tell people the truth about God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who belongs to the truth + +This is an idiom that refers to anyone who loves the truth about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my voice + +Here "voice" is a synecdoche that refers to words Jesus says. AT: "the things I say" or "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/38.md b/jhn/18/38.md index 2de7c6eeb6..e946274e01 100644 --- a/jhn/18/38.md +++ b/jhn/18/38.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## what is truth? ## +# What is truth? -"No one can know what is true!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This remark appears in the form of a question to reflect Pilate's belief that no one really knows what truth is. The irony here is that Jesus is the truth. AT: "No one can know what is true!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# the Jews + +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Not this man, but Barabbas + +This is an ellipsis. You can add the implied words. AT: "No! Do not release this man! Release Barabbas instead!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Now Barabbas was a robber + +Here John provides background information about Barabbas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/18/intro.md b/jhn/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3816e34f50 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# John 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Verses 13 and 14 state, "for he was father-in-law to Caiaphas, who was high priest that year. Now Caiaphas was the one who had given the advice to the Jews that it would be better that one man die for the people." This is a parenthetical statement being made by the author. It is intended to explain important background information. It is possible to put this information in parentheses. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "It is not lawful for us to put any man to death" ##### +The Roman Empire did not allow the Jews to enforce a penalty of death upon anyone. Therefore, the Jews had to present their case to the pagan ruler, Pilate. + +==Jesus' kingdom == +Jesus explains to Pilate that his kingdom is not "of this world." Some scholars take this to mean that Jesus rules a spiritual kingdom, while others claim Jesus meant his kingdom was not in competition with the Roman Empire. It is possible to translate the phrase as Jesus' kingdom "is not from this place" or "comes from another place." + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "King of the Jews" ##### +This phrase is used in two different ways in this passage. First, Jesus is said to be the king of the Jews. He is the king of the Jews and the whole world. Second, it is used ironically or sarcastically by Pilate. Pilate does not believe Jesus to be the king of the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/01.md b/jhn/19/01.md index 962a530cfb..3ba43f9ade 100644 --- a/jhn/19/01.md +++ b/jhn/19/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Hail, king of the Jews ## +# Connecting Statement: -The greeting "hail" with a raised hand was only used for Caesar. While the soldiers use the "crown of thorns" and the "purple robe" to mock Jesus, they do not recognize that he is indeed a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus is standing before Pilate as he is being accused by the Jews. + +# Then Pilate took Jesus and whipped him + +Pilate himself did not whip Jesus. Here "Pilate" is a synecdoche for the soldiers that Pilate ordered to whip Jesus. AT: "Then Pilate ordered his soldiers to whip Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Hail, King of the Jews + +The greeting "Hail" with a raised hand was only used to greet Caesar. As the soldiers use the crown of thorns and the purple robe to mock Jesus, it is ironic that they do not recognize that he is indeed a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/04.md b/jhn/19/04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..538797959b --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/19/04.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# I find no guilt in him + +Pilate states this twice to say he does not believe Jesus is not guilty of any crime. He does not want to punish him. AT: "I see no reason to punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# crown of thorns ... purple garment + +The crown and the purple robe are things only kings wear. The soldiers dressed Jesus in this manner to mock him. See [John 19:2](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/07.md b/jhn/19/07.md index 8c866901d7..777ad1eb41 100644 --- a/jhn/19/07.md +++ b/jhn/19/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## From where do you come? ## +# The Jews answered him -"Where do you come from?" Pilate asked Jesus for his identity. Your culture may have a special way to ask for the identity of a person. \ No newline at end of file +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "The Jewish leaders answered Pilate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he has to die because he claimed to be the Son of God + +Jesus was condemned to death by crucifixion because he claimed he was "the Son of God." + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/10.md b/jhn/19/10.md index 25e8c198a1..fb9fda0c36 100644 --- a/jhn/19/10.md +++ b/jhn/19/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## You are not speaking to me? ## +# Are you not speaking to me? -Pilate expresses his surprise that Jesus does not take the opportunity to defend himself. "Answer me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This remark appears in the form of a question. Here Pilate expresses his surprise that Jesus does not take the opportunity to defend himself. AT: "I cannot believe you are refusing to speak to me!" or "Answer me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do you not know that I have power to release you, and power to crucify you? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "You should know that I am able to release you or to order my soldiers to crucify you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# power + +Here "power" is a metonym that refers to the ability to do something or to cause something to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You do not have any power over me except for what has been given to you from above + +You can translate this double negative in a positive and active form. AT: "You are able to act against me only because God has made you able" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from above + +This is a respectful way of referring to God. + +# gave me over + +This phrase here means to hand over to an enemy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/12.md b/jhn/19/12.md index fb3935de80..7a30792b74 100644 --- a/jhn/19/12.md +++ b/jhn/19/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## makes himself king ## +# At this answer -claims that he is a king +Here "this answer" refers to Jesus' answer. AT: "When Pilate heard Jesus' answer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## brought Jesus out ## +# Pilate tried to release him -ordered the soldiers to bring Jesus out to show him to the crowd +The form of "tried" in the original indicates that Pilate tried "hard" or "repeatedly" to release Jesus. AT: "he tried hard to release Jesus" or "he tried again and again to release Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## sat down ## +# but the Jews cried out -Important people sat while people who were not so important stood up. +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders that opposed Jesus. In the original, the form of "cried out" indicates that they cried out or shouted repeatedly. AT: "but the Jewish leaders kept shouting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## in the judgment seat ## +# you are not a friend of Caesar -the special chair that the important person sat in when he was making an official judgment. Your culture may have a special way to describe this action. +"you are opposing Caesar" or "you are opposing the emperor" -## the Pavement ## +# makes himself a king -a special stone platform where only the important people were allowed to go. Your culture may have special places like this. \ No newline at end of file +"claims that he is a king" + +# he brought Jesus out + +Here "he" refers to Pilate and is a synecdoche for "Pilate ordered the soldiers." AT: "he ordered the soldiers to bring Jesus out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# sat down + +Important people like Pilate sat down when they performed an official duty, while people who were not so important stood up. + +# in the judgment seat + +This is the special chair that an important person like Pilate sat in when he was making an official judgment. If your language has a special way to describe this action, you can use it here. + +# in a place called "The Pavement," + +This is a special stone platform where only the important people were allowed to go. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "in a place the people called The Pavement," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Hebrew + +This refers to the language that the people of Israel spoke. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/14.md b/jhn/19/14.md index 7ff89317a6..12ea2c8119 100644 --- a/jhn/19/14.md +++ b/jhn/19/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## Pilate said to the Jews ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Pilate said to the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Some time has passed and it is now the sixth hour, as Pilate orders his soldiers to crucify Jesus. + +# Now + +This word marks a break in the storyline so that John can provide information about the upcoming Passover and the time of day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# the sixth hour + +"about noontime" + +# Pilate said to the Jews + +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "Pilate said to the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Should I crucify your King? + +Here "I" is a synecdoche that refers to Pilate's soldiers who will actually perform the crucifixion. AT: "Do you really want me to tell my soldiers to nail your king to a cross?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Then Pilate gave Jesus over to them to be crucified + +Here Pilate gives the order for his soldiers to crucify Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "So Pilate ordered his soldiers to crucify Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/17.md b/jhn/19/17.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..776a5959f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/19/17.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# to the place called "The Place of a Skull," + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "to the place that the people called 'The Place of a Skull,'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# which in Hebrew is called "Golgotha." + +Hebrew is the language of the people of Israel. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "which in Hebrew they call 'Golgotha.'" + +# with him two other men + +This is an ellipsis. You can translate this, adding the implied words. AT: "they also nailed two other criminals to their crosses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/19.md b/jhn/19/19.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..adac35c2fc --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/19/19.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Pilate also wrote a sign and put it on the cross + +Here "Pilate" is a synecdoche for the person who wrote on the sign. Here "on the cross" refers to Jesus' cross. AT: "Pilate also commanded someone to write on a sign and to attach it to Jesus' cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# There it was written: JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "So that person wrote the words: Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the place where Jesus was crucified + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the place where the soldiers crucified Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The sign was written in Hebrew, in Latin, and in Greek + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "The one who prepared the sign wrote the words in 3 languages: Hebrew, Latin, and Greek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Latin + +This was the language of the Roman government. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/21.md b/jhn/19/21.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7c94da2f21 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/19/21.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Then the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate + +The chief priests had to go back to Pilate's headquarters to protest to him about the words on the sign. AT: "The chief priests went back to Pilate and said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What I have written I have written + +Pilate implies that he will not change the words on the sign. AT: "I have written what I wanted to write, and I will not change it!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/23.md b/jhn/19/23.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..373895076e --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/19/23.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + +At the end of verse 24 there is a break from the main storyline as the John tells us how this event fulfills Scriture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# also the tunic + +"and they also took his tunic." The soldiers kept the tunic separate and did not divide it. AT: "they kept his tunic separate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let us cast lots for it to decide whose it will be + +The soldiers will gamble and the winner will receive the shirt. AT: "let us gamble for the tunic and the winner will get to keep it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that the scripture would be fulfilled which said + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "This fulfilled the scripture that said" or "This happened to make the scripture come true which said" + +# cast lots + +This was how the soldiers divided Jesus' clothing among themselves. AT: "they gambled" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/25.md b/jhn/19/25.md index 936a247d8d..255a34a949 100644 --- a/jhn/19/25.md +++ b/jhn/19/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the disciple whom he loved ## +# the disciple whom he loved -John, the writer of this gospel. +This is John, the writer of this Gospel. -## Woman, see, here is your son ## +# Woman, see, your son -TA: "Woman, see, think of this man as if he were your son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the word "son" is a metaphor. Jesus wants his disciple, John, to be like a son to his mother. AT: "Woman, here is the man who will act like a son to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## here is your mother ## +# See, your mother -TA: "think of this woman as if she were your mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "mother" is a metaphor. Jesus wants his mother to be like a mother to his disciple, John. AT: "Think of this woman as if she were your own mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# From that hour + +"From that very moment" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/28.md b/jhn/19/28.md index 1ac577a066..5216d55a53 100644 --- a/jhn/19/28.md +++ b/jhn/19/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## sour wine ## +# knowing that everything was now completed -grape drink that was allowed to ferment too long +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "he knew that he had done everything that God had sent him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they put ## +# A container full of sour wine was placed there -the Roman guards put +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Someone had placed there a full container of sour wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## a sponge ## +# sour wine -a small object that can soak up and hold much fluid +"bitter wine" -## gave up his spirit ## +# they put -Jesus gave up his spirit to God and allowed his body to die. \ No newline at end of file +Here "they" refers to the Roman guards. + +# a sponge + +a small object that can soak up and hold much liquid + +# on a hyssop staff + +"on a branch of a plant called hyssop" + +# He bowed his head and gave up his spirit + +John implies here that Jesus gave his spirit back to God. AT: "He bowed his head and gave God his spirit" or "He bowed his head and died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/31.md b/jhn/19/31.md index 617395e641..758565d68f 100644 --- a/jhn/19/31.md +++ b/jhn/19/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## preparation ## +# the Jews -the time before the Passover, when the food was prepared \ No newline at end of file +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# day of preparation + +This is the time before the Passover when people prepared food for the Passover. + +# to break their legs and to remove them + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "to break the legs of the executed men and take their bodies down from the crosses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who had been crucified with Jesus + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "whom they had crucified near Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/34.md b/jhn/19/34.md index 07d4e11da8..5cac58619a 100644 --- a/jhn/19/34.md +++ b/jhn/19/34.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## The one who saw this ## +# The one who saw this -This sentence is separate from the story. The writer (John the apostle) is telling us that he was there and we can trust what he has written. \ No newline at end of file +This sentence gives background information to the story. John is telling readers that he was there and that we can trust what he has written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# has testified, and his testimony is true + +To "testify" means to tell about something that one has seen. AT: "has told the truth about what he has seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so that you would also believe + +Here "believe" means to put one's trust in Jesus. AT: "so that you will also put your trust in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/36.md b/jhn/19/36.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..081604dbc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/19/36.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + +In these verses there is a break from the main storyline as John tells us about how these events have made Scripture come true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# in order to fulfill scripture + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "to fulfill the words that someone wrote in the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Not one of his bones will be broken + +This is a quotation from Psalm 34. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "No one will break any of his bones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will look at him whom they pierced + +This is a quotation from Zechariah 12. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/38.md b/jhn/19/38.md index ad0f188a6d..b83db1490c 100644 --- a/jhn/19/38.md +++ b/jhn/19/38.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Joseph of Arimathea ## +# Joseph of Arimathea -"Joseph from the town of Arimathea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Arimathea was a small town. AT: "Joseph from the town of Arimathea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## for fear of the Jews ## +# for fear of the Jews -"for fear of the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. AT: "for fear of the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Nicodemus ## +# if he could take away the body of Jesus -See how you translated this name in [John 3:1](../03/01.md). +John implies that Joseph of Arimathea wants to bury the body of Jesus. AT: "for permission to take the body of Jesus down from the cross for burial" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## myrrh and aloes ## +# Nicodemus -These are spices used to prepare a body for burial. +Nicodemus was one of the Pharisees who believed in Jesus. See how you translated this name in [John 3:1](../03/01.md). -## one hundred ## +# myrrh and aloes -"100" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +These are spices that people use to prepare a body for burial. -## litras ## +# about one hundred litras in weight -A "litra" is a measurement of weight equal to 31 grams. See how you translated this in [John 12:1](../12/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +You may convert this to a modern measure. A "litra" is about one third of a kilogram. AT: "about 33 kilograms in weight" or "weighing about thirty-three kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# one hundred + +"100" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/40.md b/jhn/19/40.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b24fd3f0be --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/19/40.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden ... had yet been buried + +Here John marks a break in the storyline in order to provide background information about the location of the tomb where they would bury Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Now in the place where they crucified Jesus there was a garden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in which no person had yet been buried + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "in which people had buried no one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Because it was the day of preparation for the Jews + +According to Jewish law, no one could work after sundown on Friday. It was the beginning of the Sabbath and Passover. AT: "The Passover was about to begin that evening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/19/intro.md b/jhn/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..feb9fce243 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# John 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 19:24, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Purple garment" ##### +The color purple was a sign of royalty in the ancient Near East. Jesus was mockingly dressed to look like a king. + +##### "You are not Caesar's friend" ##### +Pilate did not want to sentence Jesus to death, but the Jews forced him. They did this to make it seem as if allowing Jesus to live would betray the Roman government. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Sarcasm ##### +The following phrases are intended to be taken sarcastically: "Hail, King of the Jews," "Should I crucify your king?" and "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews." Sarcasm is the use of irony to insult someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Gabbatha, Golgotha ##### +This is a phrase in Hebrew. John does not "translate" this phrase into Greek but chooses to "transliterate" or transfer it into Greek by substituting Greek letters for Hebrew letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this phrase either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this phrase without translating its meaning. + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/01.md b/jhn/20/01.md index aa0c64144a..45b3a7c58a 100644 --- a/jhn/20/01.md +++ b/jhn/20/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + This is the third day after Jesus was buried. -## first day of the week ## +# first day of the week -AT: "Sunday" +"Sunday" -## disciple whom Jesus loved ## +# she saw the stone rolled away -This phrase appears to be the way that John refers to himself throughout his book. +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "she saw that someone had rolled away the stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They have taken ## +# disciple whom Jesus loved -"Someone has taken" \ No newline at end of file +This phrase appears to be the way that John refers to himself throughout his book. Here the word "love" refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. + +# They took away the Lord out from the tomb + +Mary Magdalene thinks that someone has stolen the Lord's body. AT: "Someone has taken the Lord's body out of the tomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/03.md b/jhn/20/03.md index a26bb2ee8f..8b1c9e1b6f 100644 --- a/jhn/20/03.md +++ b/jhn/20/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Mary had just told Peter and John that someone had moved Jesus' body. +# the other disciple -## the other disciple ## +John apparently shows his humility by referring to himself here as "the other disciple," rather than including his name. -John apparently expresses his humility by referring to himself in this manner rather than stating his name. +# went out -## linen cloths ## +John implies that these disciples were going to the tomb. AT: "rushed out to the tomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -These were the burial cloths used to wrap the body of Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +# linen cloths + +These were the burial cloths that people had used to wrap the body of Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/06.md b/jhn/20/06.md index 4b9f1b64b0..4260fb0b7c 100644 --- a/jhn/20/06.md +++ b/jhn/20/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Mary had just told Peter and John that Jesus' body had been moved. +# linen cloths -## linen cloths ## +These were the burial cloths that people had used to wrap the body of Jesus. See how you translated this in [John 20:5](./03.md). -See how you translated "linen cloths" in [John 20:3](./03.md). +# cloth that had been on his head -## napkin ## +Here "his head" refers to "Jesus' head." You can translate this in an active form. AT: "cloth that someone had used to cover Jesus' face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -a small cloth typically used to wipe sweat from someone's face but was also used to cover the face of a dead person \ No newline at end of file +# but was folded up in a place by itself + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but someone had folded it and put it aside, separate from the linen cloths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/08.md b/jhn/20/08.md index 975b0bd531..2f3a1845de 100644 --- a/jhn/20/08.md +++ b/jhn/20/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Peter and John had seen the empty tomb. +# the other disciple -## the other disciple ## +John apparently expresses his humility by referring to himself as "the other disciple," rather than including his name in this book. -John apparently expresses his humility by referring to himself in this manner rather than stating his name. +# he saw and believed -## he saw it ## +When he saw that the tomb was empty, he believed that Jesus had risen from the dead. AT: "he saw these things and began to believe that Jesus had risen from the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Peter saw the tomb \ No newline at end of file +# they still did not know the scripture + +Here the word "they" refers to the disciples who did not understand the scripture that said Jesus would rise again. AT: "the disciples still did not understand the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# that he should rise from the dead ones + +"that said Jesus must rise from the dead" + +# went back home again + +The disciples continued to stay in Jerusalem. AT: "went back to where they were staying in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/11.md b/jhn/20/11.md index 1c933cd90a..d12e51a688 100644 --- a/jhn/20/11.md +++ b/jhn/20/11.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -Peter and John returned to their homes. \ No newline at end of file +# She saw two angels in white + +The angels were wearing white clothing. AT: "She saw two angels dressed in white clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They said to her + +"They asked her" + +# Because they took away my Lord + +"Because they took away the body of my Lord" + +# I do not know where they have put him + +"I do not know where they have put it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/14.md b/jhn/20/14.md index cf65a3bd0f..1b6ed45602 100644 --- a/jhn/20/14.md +++ b/jhn/20/14.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Mary Magdalene at the tomb after the Peter and John have left. +# Jesus said to her -## taken him away ## +"Jesus asked her" -The word "him" refers to Jesus' body. \ No newline at end of file +# Sir, if you have taken him away + +Here the word "him" refers to Jesus. AT: "If you have taken away the body of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# tell me where you have put him + +"tell me where you have put it" + +# I will take him away + +Mary Magdalene wants to get Jesus' body and bury it again. AT: "I will get the body and bury it again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/16.md b/jhn/20/16.md index ea39a987a2..96dcd64a1c 100644 --- a/jhn/20/16.md +++ b/jhn/20/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Rabboni ## +# Rabboni -The word "Rabboni" means the same thing as rabbi or teacher in Mary's own dialect of Hebrew called Aramaic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "Rabboni" means rabbi or teacher in Aramaic, the language that Jesus and his disciples spoke. + +# brothers + +Jesus used the word "brothers" to refer to his disciples. + +# I will go up to my Father and your Father, and my God and your God + +Jesus rose from the dead and then predicted he would go up into heaven, back to his Father, who is God. AT: "I am about to return to heaven to be with my Father and your Father, to the one who is my God and your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my Father and your Father + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God, and between believers and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Mary Magdalene came and told the disciples + +Mary Magdalene went to where the disciples were staying and told them what she had seen and heard. AT: "Mary Magdalene went to where the disciples were and told them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/19.md b/jhn/20/19.md index 557544ed8e..930090ea1b 100644 --- a/jhn/20/19.md +++ b/jhn/20/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## that day, the first day of the week ## +# General Information: + +It is now evening and Jesus appears to the disciples. + +# that day, the first day of the week This refers to Sunday. -## Peace be to you ## +# the doors of where the disciples were, were closed -This is the common greeting. +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the disciples had locked the doors where they were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he showed them his hands and his side. ## +# for fear of the Jews -"he showed them the wounds on his hands and his side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who might arrest the disciples. AT: "because they were afraid that the Jewish leaders might arrest them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Peace to you + +This is a common greeting that means "May God give you peace" . + +# he showed them his hands and his side + +Jesus showed the disciples his wounds. AT: "he showed them the wounds in his hands and his side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/21.md b/jhn/20/21.md index 679cfbcb07..691ade5dc5 100644 --- a/jhn/20/21.md +++ b/jhn/20/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## peace be with you ## +# Peace to you -See note in [John 20:19](./19.md). +This is a common greeting that means "May God give you peace" . -## they are forgiven for them ## +# As the Father has sent me, so I am sending you ... he ... said to them, "Receive the Holy Spirit -"God will forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +God the Father sent God the Son who now sends the believers in the power of God the Holy Spirit. -## they are kept back ## +# Father -"God will not forgive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# they are forgiven + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whoever's sins you keep back + +"If you do not forgive another's sins" + +# they are kept back + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will not forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/24.md b/jhn/20/24.md index bfd85a7d1d..a35fdf35db 100644 --- a/jhn/20/24.md +++ b/jhn/20/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Didymus ## +# Didymus -See how this name is translated in [John 11:15](../11/15.md). +This is a male name that means "twin." See how this name is translated in [John 11:15](../11/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## disciples later said to him - ## +# disciples later said to him -** The word "him" refers to Thomas. +The word "him" refers to Thomas. -## in his hands ## +# Unless I see ... his side, I will not believe + +You can translate this double negative in a positive form. AT: "I will believe only if I see ... his side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# in his hands ... into his side The word "his" refers to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/26.md b/jhn/20/26.md index e5e88a4e7e..d31acd219b 100644 --- a/jhn/20/26.md +++ b/jhn/20/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## again his disciples ## +# his disciples The word "his" refers to Jesus. -## peace be with you ## +# while the doors were closed -See note in [John 20:19](./19.md). +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "when they had locked the doors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## faithless ## +# Peace to you -"without belief" or "without faith" \ No newline at end of file +This is a common greeting that means "May God give you peace" . + +# unbelieving + +"without belief" or "without faith" + +# but believe + +Here "believe" means to trust in Jesus. AT: "put your trust in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/28.md b/jhn/20/28.md index 6bdcb6d618..b6b81e7712 100644 --- a/jhn/20/28.md +++ b/jhn/20/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## you have believed ## +# you have believed -AT: "you have believed that I am alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Thomas believes that Jesus is alive because he has seen him. AT: "you have believed that I am alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## who have not seen ## +# Blessed are those -AT: "who have not seen me alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means "God gives great happiness to those." + +# who have not seen + +This means those who have not seen Jesus. AT: "who have not seen me alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/30.md b/jhn/20/30.md index ce9b7ad56e..f02a83da1d 100644 --- a/jhn/20/30.md +++ b/jhn/20/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## life in his name ## +# General Information: -AT: "you may have life because of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +As the story is nearing the end, the author comments about the many things Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) + +# signs + +The word "signs" refers to miracles that show that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe. + +# signs that have not been written in this book + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "signs that the author did not write about in this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but these have been written + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "but the author wrote about these signs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# life in his name + +Here "life" is a metonym that means Jesus gives life. AT: "you may have life because of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# life + +This refers to spiritual life. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/intro.md b/jhn/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8bcd266986 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# John 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Receive the Holy Spirit" ##### +The disciples had special power from the Holy Spirit given to them. He empowered their ministry. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Rabboni ##### +This is a phrase in Hebrew. Mark does not "translate" this phrase into Greek but chooses to "transliterate" or transfer it into Greek by substituting Greek letters for Hebrew letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this phrase either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this phrase without translating its meaning. + +##### Jesus' resurrection body ##### +There is some mystery about Jesus' body at this point. He was physically present with the scars from the crucifixion but he could also enter into rooms without having to use a door. It is best to leave the mystery in place but explanation may be necessary if the translation does not make sense to the reader. + +##### A young man ##### +The gospel accounts differ as to how many men or angels appeared in this interaction. It is probable that the men were angels, but their number is unclear. It is best to translate this as it appears in the ULB without trying to reconcile these passages. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md), [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/01.md b/jhn/21/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..33862ce9ff --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/21/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + +Jesus shows himself again to the disciples at the Sea of Tiberias. Verses 2 and 3 tell us what happens in the story before Jesus appears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# After these things + +"Some time later" + +# with Thomas called Didymus + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "with Thomas whom we called Didymus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Didymus + +This is a male name that means "twin." See how this name is translated in [John 11:15](../11/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/04.md b/jhn/21/04.md index a236b8f1dd..775b1175df 100644 --- a/jhn/21/04.md +++ b/jhn/21/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## day was breaking ## +# Young men -"daylight was beginning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a term of endearment that means "My dear friends." + +# you will find some + +Here "some" refers to fish. AT: "you will catch some fish in your net" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# draw it in + +"pull the net in" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/07.md b/jhn/21/07.md index e2e1feef64..bc1bd5ecae 100644 --- a/jhn/21/07.md +++ b/jhn/21/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## (for he had been very lightly clothed) ## +# loved + +This is love that comes from God and is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. + +# he tied up his outer garment + +"he secured his outer garment around him" or "he put on his tunic" + +# for he was undressed + +This is background information. Peter had taken off some of his clothes to make it easier to work, but now that he was about to greet the Lord, he wanted to wear more clothing. AT: "for he had taken off some of his clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# threw himself into the sea + +Peter jumped into the water and swam to shore. AT: "jumped into the sea and swam to shore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# threw himself + +This is a idiom that means Peter jumped into the water very quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for they were not far from the land, about two hundred cubits off This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## (for they were not far from the land, about two hundred cubits off) ## +# two hundred cubits -This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -## two hundred cubits ## - -"ninety meters." A cubit was a little less than half a meter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) \ No newline at end of file +"90 meters." A cubit was a little less than half a meter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/10.md b/jhn/21/10.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7028e4b33d --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/21/10.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Simon Peter then went up + +Here "went up" means Simon Peter had to go back to the boat. AT: "So Simon Peter went back to the boat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# drew the net to land + +"pulled the net to the shore" + +# the net was not torn + +You can translate this as an active form. AT: "the net did not break" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# full of large fish; 153 + +"full of large fish, one hundred and fifty-three." There were 153 large fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/12.md b/jhn/21/12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e274d47ea4 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/21/12.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# breakfast + +the morning meal + +# the third time + +You can translate this ordinal term "third" as "time number 3." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/15.md b/jhn/21/15.md index 72336b47ab..de262e7940 100644 --- a/jhn/21/15.md +++ b/jhn/21/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Feed my lambs ## +# General Information: -AT: "Feed the people I care for." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus begins to have a conversation with Simon Peter. -## Tend my sheep ## +# do you love me ... do you love me -AT: "Care for the people I care for." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "love" refers the type of love that comes from God, which focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. + +# you know that I love you + +When Peter answers, he uses the word for "love" that refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. + +# Feed my lambs + +Here "lambs" is a metaphor for those persons who love Jesus and follow him. AT: "Feed the people I care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Take care of my sheep + +Here "sheep" is a metaphor for those who love and follow Jesus. AT: "Care for the people I care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/17.md b/jhn/21/17.md index 0ea6ae0064..13745d7ee1 100644 --- a/jhn/21/17.md +++ b/jhn/21/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Feed my sheep ## +# He said to him a third time -AT: "Care for the people I care for." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The pronoun "he" refers to Jesus. Here "a third time" means "time number 3." AT: "Jesus said to him a third time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Truly, truly ## +# do you love me -Translate this as you did in [John 1:49](../01/49.md). \ No newline at end of file +This time when Jesus asks this question he uses the word for "love" that refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. + +# Feed my sheep + +Here "sheep" is a metaphor that represents those who belong to Jesus and follow him. AT: "Care for the people I care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Truly, truly + +See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/49.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/19.md b/jhn/21/19.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cd3c6f0b88 --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/21/19.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Now + +John uses this word to show he is giving background information before he continues the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# to indicate with what kind of death Peter would glorify God + +Here John implies that Peter would die on a cross. AT: "to indicate that Peter would die on a cross to honor God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Follow me + +Here the word "follow" means "to be a disciple." AT: "Keep on being my disciple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/20.md b/jhn/21/20.md index 3c1adb9643..b5d03be76c 100644 --- a/jhn/21/20.md +++ b/jhn/21/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## at the supper ## +# the disciple whom Jesus loved -This is reference to the last supper. (See: [John 13:1](../13/01.md)) +John refers to himself in this way throughout the book, rather than mentioning his name. -## Peter saw him ## +# loved -"him" refers to "the disciple whom Jesus loved" \ No newline at end of file +This is the kind of love that comes from God and always desires the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. + +# at the dinner + +This is a reference to the Last Supper. (See: [John Chapter 13](../13/01.md)) + +# Peter saw him + +Here "him" refers to "the disciple whom Jesus loved." + +# Lord, what will this man do? + +Peter wants to know what will happen to John. AT: "Lord, what will happen to this man?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/22.md b/jhn/21/22.md index 5aca4a1817..1ac886ba97 100644 --- a/jhn/21/22.md +++ b/jhn/21/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## he should wait ## +# Jesus said to him -"he" here refers to the "disciple Jesus whom loved" in John 21:20. +"Jesus said to Peter" -## I come ## +# If I want him to stay -Jesus' second coming, his return from heaven. +Here "him" refers to the "disciple whom Jesus loved" in [John 21:20](./20.md). -## what is that to you ## +# I come -AT: "do not concern yourself about that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Jesus' second coming, his return to earth from heaven. + +# what is that to you? + +This remark appears in the form of a question to express a mild rebuke. AT: "that is not your concern." or "you should not be concerned about that." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# among the brothers + +Here "the brothers" refers to all the followers of Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/24.md b/jhn/21/24.md index ef5bdfe5aa..3ecc1cec91 100644 --- a/jhn/21/24.md +++ b/jhn/21/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## The disciple who bears witness about these things, and who wrote these things ## +# General Information: -the disciple John +This is the end of the Gospel of John. Here the author, the Apostle John, gives a closing comment about himself and what he has written in this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## we know ## +# the disciple -we in the church know +"the disciple John" -## even the world itself could not contain the books ## +# who testifies about these things -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "testifies" means that he personally sees something. AT: "who has seen all these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# we know + +Here "we" refers to those who trust in Jesus. AT: "we who trust in Jesus know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If each one were written down + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "If someone wrote down all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# even the world itself could not contain the books + +John exaggerates to emphasize that Jesus did many more miracles than what people could write about in many books. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the books that would be written + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the books that people could write about what he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/21/intro.md b/jhn/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cb08f818cc --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# John 21 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +Jesus uses many shepherding metaphors. For example, "feed my lambs," "tend my sheep" and "feed my sheep." Peter would now be a shepherd of the people of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[John 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/front/intro.md b/jhn/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..91b42e324b --- /dev/null +++ b/jhn/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +# Introduction to the Gospel of John # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Gospel of John #### + +1. Introduction about who Jesus is (1:1-18) +1. Jesus is baptized, and he chooses twelve disciples (1:19-51) +1. Jesus preaches, teaches, and heals people (2-11) +1. The seven days before Jesus' death (12-19) + - Mary anoints the feet of Jesus (12:1-11) + - Jesus rides into Jerusalem (12:12-19) + - Some Greek men want to see Jesus (12:20-36) + - The Jewish leaders reject Jesus (12:37-50) + - Jesus teaches his disciples (13-17) + - Jesus is arrested and undergoes trial (18:1-19:15) + - Jesus is crucified and buried (19:16-42) +1. Jesus rises from the dead (20:1-29) +1. John says why he wrote his gospel (20:30-31) +1. Jesus meets with the disciples (21) + +#### What is the Gospel of John about? #### + +The Gospel of John is one of four books in the New Testament that describe some of the life of Jesus Christ, but that focus especially on his work. The four Gospels emphasize different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. The author of this book says that he wrote it so "that people might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the living God" (20:30–31). + +John's Gospel is very different from the other three Gospels, because it focuses on the signs Jesus did to prove that what he said about himself was true. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "The Gospel of John" or "The Gospel According to John." Or they may choose a title that may be clearer, for example, "The Good News About Jesus That John Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Gospel of John? #### + +This book does not give the reader the name of the author. Since early Christian times, however, it has generally been believed that the author was John, one of Jesus' disciples. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Why does John spend a great deal of time recording the final week of Jesus' life? #### + +The life of Jesus is important as an example for Christians to follow, but it is his sacrificial death and his resurrection that are of greatest importance to Christians. John's focus on the events immediately prior to Jesus' death emphasizes that Jesus willingly died for the sins of humanity. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Why are the many references in John to "remaining" and "abiding" important? #### + +This language often expresses the idea of people residing somewhere, or of something existing in a certain place. Jesus' words are said to "remain" in Christians; Christians are said to "remain" in Christ and in God, and also in Jesus' love. The Father is said to "remain" in the Son, and the Son is said to "remain" in the Father and also in the believers. The Holy Spirit is also said to "remain" in the believers. + +Many translators will find it impossible to literally represent these ideas in their languages. For example, John intends to express the idea of the Christian being spiritually together with Jesus. See, for example, "He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me, and I in him" (John 6:56) often must be expressed in a different manner. The UDB uses the idea of "will be joined to me," but translators will often have to find other expressions that communicate well. + +In the passage, "If my words remain in you" (John 15:7), the UDB expresses this idea as, "If you live by my message." Many translators will find it possible to use this translation as a model. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Gospel of John? #### + +The text of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of manuscripts that many believe are more accurate. The following are the most significant issues in the Gospel of John: + +* "waiting for the moving of the water. For an angel of the Lord occasionally went down into the pool and stirred the water and whoever went first after the stirring of the water, was made well from the disease they had." (5:3-4) +* The story of the adulterous woman (7:53–8:11) + +Translators are advised not to translate these passages. However, if older Bible versions exist in their region that have some of these verses, it is not wrong to translate them. If they are translated, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they are probably not original to John's Gospel. + +Some old versions also have this passage: + +* "going through the midst of them, and so passed by" (8:59) + +But it is very certain that this passage was not original to the Gospel of John; it should not be included. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/01.md b/job/01/01.md index 3c6d423402..d343077f8d 100644 --- a/job/01/01.md +++ b/job/01/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## land of Uz ## +# land of Uz -Possible locations are 1) a place in Edom east of the Jordan river somewhere in modern western Jordan or 2) a place east of the Euphrates River in modern Iran. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Possible locations are 1) a place in ancient Edom east of the Jordan River in modern western Jordan or 2) a place east of the Euphrates River in modern Iran. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## he was blameless and upright ## +# blameless and upright -The words "blameless" and "upright" are similar and are used together for emphasis. AT: "He did what was right before God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "blameless" and "upright" share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. AT: "one who did what was right before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## one who honored God and turned from evil ## +# one who feared God -AT: "He honored God and did not do what was evil." +"one who honored God" -## seven sons and three daughters ## +# turned from evil + +Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place that a person could avoid going to, instead of the doing of evil actions. AT: "refused to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seven sons and three daughters "7 sons and 3 daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## He possessed seven thousand sheep ## +# He possessed seven thousand sheep -"He had 7000 sheep" +"He had 7,000 sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## three thousand camel ## +# three thousand camels -"3000 camels" +"3,000 camels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## five hundred pairs of oxen ## +# five hundred pairs of oxen -"500 pairs of oxen" +"500 pairs of oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## all the people in the East ## +# greatest -AT: "all the people who live in lands that are east of Canaan." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the richest" + +# all the people of the East + +The refers to places that were east of Canaan. AT: "all the people who live in lands that were east of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/04.md b/job/01/04.md index 5205c08172..0085ccc108 100644 --- a/job/01/04.md +++ b/job/01/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## On his assigned day, each of his sons would give ## +# On each son's assigned day, he would give -The word "day" refers to the day when they celebrate the son's birth. AT: "On each son's birthday, the son would give" or "Each son on his birthday would give" +The word "day" perhaps refers to the day when they celebrated the son's birth. But it at least refers to the idea that the sons each took a turn in holding a feast. AT: "On each son's birthday, the son would give" or "Each son in turn would give" -## with them all ## +# he would give ... They would send and call for ... Job would send ... he would consecrate ... He would rise early in the morning and offer ... he would say + +"he habitually gave ... They habitually sent and called for ... Job habitually sent ... he habitually consecrated ... He habitually rose early in the morning and offered ... he habitually said" + +# with them The word "them" refers to the seven sons and the three daughters but does not include Job. -## When the days of the feast were over ## +# When the days of the feast were over "When the feast was over" or "After the feast" -## Job would send for them ## +# Job would send for them -"Job would call for them" +"Job habitually sent someone to call them to come to him" -## and dedicate them once more to God ## +# he would consecrate them -To"dedicate" is to have God spiritually purify a person if they have sinned. AT: "and he would ask God to forgive them" +Here "consecrate" means to ask God to take away any ritual impurities that Job's children might have brought upon themselves as they happily feasted together. Job did this by making sacrifices to God for them. -## cursed God in their hearts ## +# cursed God in their hearts -AT: "cursed God in their thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Their "hearts" represent their thoughts. Often such thoughts could come unintentionally, without the person wanting to think them. AT: "cursed God in their thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/06.md b/job/01/06.md index 7be71d7357..430eaeb721 100644 --- a/job/01/06.md +++ b/job/01/06.md @@ -1,43 +1,31 @@ -## Now it came about ## +# Then it was the day when -"Now it happened" The word "Now" is used here to introduce new information. +"At the time when" or "One day when." This is not a specific day but apparently the gathering happened often. -## sons of God ## +# sons of God -This is referring to "angels" or "heavenly beings." +This refers to angels, heavenly beings. -## to present themselves before Yahweh ## +# to present themselves before Yahweh -"to stand together before Yahweh" +"to stand together before Yahweh as he commanded them to do". -## Satan also came among them ## +# Yahweh -"Satan was also there" +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -## From going to and fro on the earth, and from walking back and forth on it ## +# From wandering on the earth, from going back and forth on it -The phrases “To and fro” and “back and forth” indicate completeness of having been everywhere. AT: “I have been everywhere upon the earth.” (See: Parallelism) +The phrases "wandering" and "going back and forth" refer to the activity of traveling all over the earth in order to emphasize its completeness. AT: "From going everywhere on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## to and fro on the earth ## +# Have you considered my servant Job? -“To and fro” refer to traveling all over the earth. (See: Merism) +"Have you thought about my servant Job?" Here God is beginning to talk with Satan about Job. AT: "Consider my servant Job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## back and forth on it ## +# a blameless and upright man -“back and forth” refer to traveling all over the earth. (See: Merism) +The words "blameless" and "upright" share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. See how you translated this in [Job 1:1](./01.md). AT: "one who did what was right before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## in the earth ## +# one who fears God -"on the earth." Satan is not physically moving inside the earth but is moving around on the surface as people do. - -## Have you considered my servant Job? ## - -"Have you thought about my servant Job?" God seeks to discuss Job with Satan. AT: "Consider my servant Job." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## a perfect and an upright man, one who fears God and turns away from evil ## - -AT: "He does what is right before me, honors me, and does not do evil." - -## perfect and…upright ## - -This is similar to the phrase in [Job 1:1](./01.md). These two words share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +"one who honors God." See how you translated this in [Job 1:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/09.md b/job/01/09.md index 70db33fae2..66e2e071d3 100644 --- a/job/01/09.md +++ b/job/01/09.md @@ -1,51 +1,51 @@ -## Does Job fear God for nothing? ## +# Does Job fear God without reason? -"Does Job respect God for no reason?" Satan responds to God by presenting and answering his own question that Job obeys God only because God blesses him. AT: "Job has a reason for obeying God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"Does Job respect God for no reason?" Satan responds to God by presenting and answering his own question. He says that Job obeys God only because God blesses him. AT: "Job has a reason for obeying God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Have you not made a hedge around him, around his house, and around all that he has on every side? ## +# Have you not put a barrier around him, around his house, and around all that is his from every side -Satan states the facts to support his argument . AT: "You have protected him, his family and everything he owns." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Satan states the facts to support his argument. AT: "You have protected him, his family and everything he owns." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## made a hedge around him ## +# put a barrier around him, around his house, and around all that is his from every side -Just as a hedge is a row of small bushes or trees planted close together to form a wall of protection around one's land, God has surrounding Job with his protection. AT: "protected him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Just as a barrier such as a wall or a hedge surrounds and protects one's land, God has surrounded Job with his protection. AT: "protected him and his house and all that is his" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the work of his hands ## +# the deeds of his hands "everything that he does" -## his possession in the land has increased ## +# his cattle have burst forth in the land "he has more and more livestock in the land" -## But put forth your hand now ## +# But now stretch out your hand and touch all that he has, and see if he does not curse you to your face -"But stretch out your hand now." This is an expression for God to remove His blessing from Job and remove Job's material wealth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Satan means that if God attacks Job, he will see how Job responds. AT: "But now, if you stretch out your hand and touch all that he has, you will see that he will curse you to your face" -## attack all that he possesses ## +# But now stretch out your hand -"strike all that he owns" or "destroy all that he owns" +Here "hand" refers to God's power to act. "But now use your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he will renounce you to your face ## +# touch all that he has -"he will reject you" +Here "touch" represents the action of harming or destroying. AT: "attack all that he has" or "destroy all that he has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to your face ## +# to your face -Satan is saying that Job will clearly abandon God. +"in your hearing." This refers to a time when God is paying attention. -## See, all that he has ## +# Behold -AT: "Look" or "Pay attention to all that I'm about to tell you" +"Look" or "Pay attention to all that I am about to tell you" -## all that he has is in your power ## +# all that he has is in your hand -"You have power over all that he has." Satan has been given authority over everything that Job owns. +Here "hand" represents someone's power to control something. AT: "you have power over all that he has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## only do not lay your hand on his person ## +# against him himself -"lay your hand on" is an expression regarding harming someone. AT: "but do not harm him physically." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"against his life" -## went forth from the presence of Yahweh ## +# went away from the presence of Yahweh "departed from Yahweh" or "left Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/13.md b/job/01/13.md index 54d4ebc724..5f7fb9019f 100644 --- a/job/01/13.md +++ b/job/01/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Sabeans ## +# the Sabeans -A group of people from the land of Sheba located in modern day Yemen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to a people in a region in modern day Yemen. Here it represents a group of raiders or bandits. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fell on them + +Here "fell" represents the idea of attacking. AT: "attacked them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# have struck + +Here striking represents killing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the mouth of the sword + +Here "mouth" represents the part of swords that kill people, that is, either the point or the sharp edge. Also, all the swords of the Sabeans are spoken of as if they were only one sword. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/16.md b/job/01/16.md index 19f3073b40..94042fc636 100644 --- a/job/01/16.md +++ b/job/01/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## While he was still speaking ## +# While he was still speaking "he" refers to the first messenger -## another also came ## +# another also came -"another messenger also came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +This refers to another messenger. AT: "another messenger also came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## only I have escaped to tell you ## +# I alone have escaped to tell you -See how you translated this in [Job 1:13](./13.md). +See how you translated this in [Job 01:15](./13.md). -## While he was still speaking another also came ## +# As for the servants, they have struck them with the mouth of the sword. I alone have escaped to tell you -(See: UDB) - -## they have killed the servants with the edge of the sword, and I only have escaped to tell you ## - -See how you translated this in [Job 1:13](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Job 01:15](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/18.md b/job/01/18.md index 0a700e58b4..898ec34a4a 100644 --- a/job/01/18.md +++ b/job/01/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Your sons and your daughters were eating and drinking wine in their oldest brother's house ## +# Your sons and your daughters were eating and drinking wine in their oldest brother's house -See how you translated this in [Job 1:13](./13.md). +See how you translated this in [Job 01:13](./13.md). -## A great wind ## +# A strong wind -"a tornado" or "a desert sandstorm" +"A tornado" or "A desert storm" -## the four corners of the house ## +# the four corners of the house "the structural supports of the house" -## and it fell upon the young men ## +# It fell on the young people -AT: "The house fell on the men and women" or "The house fell on your sons and daughters" +"The house fell on your sons and daughters" -## I only have escaped to tell you ## +# I alone have escaped to tell you -See how you translated this in [Job 1:13](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Job 01:15](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/20.md b/job/01/20.md index af6de0ec44..b9fde50c1d 100644 --- a/job/01/20.md +++ b/job/01/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## tore his robe, shaved his head ## +# tore his robe, shaved his head -These are expressions of deep mourning. +These were ritual mourning actions, symbolizing deep grief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## I came naked out of my mother's womb, and I return there naked ## +# I was naked when I came out of my mother's womb, and I will be naked when I will return there -AT: "At my birth, I brought nothing into the world, and at my death I will return to the earth with nothing." +"At my birth, I brought nothing into the world, and at my death I will return to the earth with nothing" -## In all this matter ## +# In all this matter -"In spite of all that happened" (See: UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"Regarding all this that happened" + +# accuse God of wrongdoing + +"say that God had done wrong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/intro.md b/job/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..66c8e3c58c --- /dev/null +++ b/job/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Job 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter introduces a story about a man named Job who lives during a time long before the author. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wealth ##### +Job is very rich. During his time, a man's wealth is measured by the number of animals he owns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Feasts ##### +Job is a very godly man and celebrates Yahweh's provision by having feasts. It must be remembered that Job lives prior to the law of Moses, so his religious practices are different than the Hebrew people after Moses. The events of this book occur about the same time as the life of Abraham. Therefore, this book corresponds more with Genesis 12-50 than the rest of the Old Testament. (See:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Job's faith ##### +Satan believes that Job's faith is based on Yahweh's blessings. He challenges Yahweh to remove these blessings from Job's life because he thinks that Job will no longer trust in Yahweh if this happens. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Job intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/02/01.md b/job/02/01.md index 96f07c3a74..012eef9d61 100644 --- a/job/02/01.md +++ b/job/02/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Again it came about ## +# General Information: -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). +These verses are exactly the same as [Job 1:6-7](../01/06.md) and can probably be translated in the same way. -## on the day when ## - -This is not a specific day. The gathering happened often. AT: "at the time when" or "one day when" - -## sons of God ## +# Then it was the day See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). -## present themselves before Yahweh ## +# the day when + +This is not a specific day. The gathering happened often. AT: "at the time when" or "one day when" + +# sons of God See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). -## From going to and fro on the earth, and from walking back and forth on it ## +# present themselves before Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). + +# From wandering on the earth, from going back and forth on it + +See how you translated this in [Job 1:7](../01/06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/02/03.md b/job/02/03.md index c9892f8473..b796519623 100644 --- a/job/02/03.md +++ b/job/02/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Have you considered my servant Job? ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). AT: “Consider my servant Job.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +This verse is the same as [Job 1:8](../01/06.md), except for the addition of "He still holds fast to his integrity, although you misled me against him, to destroy him without cause." -## a perfect and an upright man ## +# Have you considered my servant Job? -See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This rhetorical question actually makes a statement.See how you translated this in [Job 1:8](../01/06.md). AT: "Consider my servant Job." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). -## one who fears God and turns away from evil ## +# a blameless and upright man -See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). +The words "blameless" and "upright" share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Job 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "one who did what was right before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## still holds fast to his integrity ## +# one who fears God and turns away from evil -"still does what is good and right" +See how you translated this in [Job 1:1](../01/01.md). -## persuaded me to act against him ## +# still holds fast to his integrity -AT: "urged me to attack him" \ No newline at end of file +"remains completely dedicated to doing what is good and right" + +# misled me against him + +"persuaded me without cause to attack him" + +# to destroy him + +Here "destroy" represents "make poor." AT: "to make him a poor man" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/02/04.md b/job/02/04.md index d008f2e75d..b526f073f1 100644 --- a/job/02/04.md +++ b/job/02/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Skin for skin, indeed ## +# Skin for skin, indeed -"Skin" is a metonym for Job's life. AT: “A person will do anything to save his own life, even accept the loss of possessions and loved ones.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Skin" is a metonym for Job's life. AT: "A person will do anything to save his own life, even accept the loss of possessions and loved ones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## put forth your hand ## +# But stretch out your hand now and touch his bones and his flesh, and see if he does not curse you to your face -See how you translated this in [Job 1:9](../01/09.md) +Satan means that if God attacks Job, he will see how Job responds. AT: "But now, if you stretch out your hand and touch his bones and his flesh, you will see that he will curse you to your face" -## renounce you to your face ## +# stretch out your hand -See how you translated this in [Job 1:9](../01/09.md). “he will reject you.” \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" refers to God's power to act. "But now use your power." See how you translated this in [Job 01:11](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# touch + +Here "touch" represents the action of harming. AT: "attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his bones and his flesh + +This expression represents Job's body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# curse you to your face + +See how you translated this in [Job 01:11](../01/09.md). + +# to your face + +This refers to a time when God is paying attention. AT: "in your hearing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/02/07.md b/job/02/07.md index d306cf44f6..fadf5c8b1a 100644 --- a/job/02/07.md +++ b/job/02/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## So Satan went forth from from the presence of Yahweh ## +# Then Satan went away from the presence of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Job 1:9](../01/09.md). +See how you translated this in [Job 1:12](../01/09.md). -## severe boils ## +# struck -large, itching and painful skin infection covering Job's entire body +"attacked" or "afflicted with" -## potshard to scrape himself ## +# painful boils -A "potsherd" is a piece of broken pottery. The scraping scratches the skin to lessen the itch. +large, itching and painful skin infections -## sat in ashes ## +# a piece of broken pottery to scrape himself -AT: "sat on the trash heap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The scraping scratches the skin to lessen the itch. + +# sat down in the middle of ashes + +This probably refers to a place where trash and garbage were dumped and perhaps burned. Sitting in such a place was a sign of deep mourning. AT: "sat on the trash heap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/02/09.md b/job/02/09.md index c910ecacb9..9b1a961605 100644 --- a/job/02/09.md +++ b/job/02/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## his wife said to him ## +# Do you still hold fast to your integrity? -"Job's wife said to him" +This rhetorical question represents a statement. AT: "You should not still be holding fast to your integrity." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Renounce God ## +# Curse God "Reject God" -## You talk like a foolish women ## +# You talk as a foolish woman -Job is saying she talks like a fool. AT: "You talk as if you're a stupid woman." +Job is saying she talks like a fool. AT: "You talk as if you were a stupid woman." -## from the hand of God ## +# Should we receive the good from God and not receive the bad? -"hand of God" is an expression for God. AT: "from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This rhetorical question represents a statement. AT: "We should certainly receive the bad from God as well as the good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## sin with his lips ## +# receive the good -AT: "sin by speaking against God" \ No newline at end of file +"benefit from all the good things" + +# the good + +This represents all the good things that God gives us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# receive the bad + +"suffer all the bad things without complaining" + +# the bad + +This represents all the bad things that God makes or allows us to experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# sin with his lips + +Here "lips" represents the act of speaking. AT: "sin by speaking against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/02/11.md b/job/02/11.md index 89ae413e95..3bf8793025 100644 --- a/job/02/11.md +++ b/job/02/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite ## +# Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite -Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar are men's names. Teman was a city in Edom. Shuhites are the decedents of Abraham and Keturah (see Genesis [Genesis 25:1](../../gen/25/01.md)). Naamah was a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar are men's names. Teman was a city in Edom. Shuhites are the decedents of Abraham and Keturah. Naamah was a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## set a time ## +# set a time -AT: "agreed upon a time" +"agreed on a time" -## to mourn with him and to comfort him ## +# to mourn with him and to comfort him -"to cry with" or "to sympathize with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the words "mourn with" and "comfort" share similar meanings. The friends try to comfort Job by mourning with him. AT: "to grieve with Job in order to help ease his suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/02/12.md b/job/02/12.md index ad9efdec15..89bc8e76e6 100644 --- a/job/02/12.md +++ b/job/02/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## they lifted up their eyes ## +# they lifted up their eyes -“they looked intently” or “they looked carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom that means "they looked intently" or "they looked carefully." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## they barely recognized him ## +# they did not recognize him -They knew who he was, but he looked very different than usual because of his grief and because of the sores covering his body. (See: UDB) +This probably means that Job's visitors did not recognize him at first, when they saw him at a distance. Job looked very different than usual because of his grief and because of the sores covering his body. AT: "they barely recognized him" -## they raised their voices and wept ## +# They raised their voices and wept -"they wept out loud" or "they wept loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "raised their voices" is an idiom that means they became loud. AT: "They wept out loud" or "They wept loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## tore his robe ## +# tore his robe -This was a sign of mourning. The torn robe signified a torn heart. +This was a sign of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## threw dust into the air and upon his own head ## +# threw dust into the air and upon his own head -These were signs of mourning. \ No newline at end of file +These were signs of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/02/intro.md b/job/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fde90511e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Job 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter repeats the concepts of the previous chapter, but this time it is more severe. After losing his wealth, Job's health is taken from him. His wife also begins to encourage Job to sin by cursing Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/01.md b/job/03/01.md index b7cc764406..c7d6d589a9 100644 --- a/job/03/01.md +++ b/job/03/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## opened his mouth ## +# opened his mouth -"began to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) (See: UDB) +This idiom means he began to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Let the day on which I was born perish ## +# May the day on which I was born perish, the night -AT: "I wish that I had never been born." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Job speaks of that day and night as if they were people. AT: "I wish that I had never been born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the day…the night ## +# the night that said, 'A boy has been conceived.' -"the day" refers to the day of his birth and "the night" to the day of his conception. +This expression intensifies the statement of Job's grief by going even further back in time from his birth to his conception. AT: "the night that said, 'A boy has been conceived' perish." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## the night that said, ‘A boy has been conceived' ## +# the night that said -AT: "let the night that said, ‘A boy has been conceived' perish." This expression intensifies the statement of Job's grief by going even further back in time from his birth to his conception. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +Here the night is spoken of as if it were a person who could speak. The translator may choose, however, to translate it in a less metaphorical way. AT: "the night about which people said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the night that said ## +# A boy has been conceived -AT: "the night about which people said." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) - -## A boy has been conceived ## - -AT: "she has conceived a man child." \ No newline at end of file +This may be put into active form. AT: "his mother has conceived a male child" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/04.md b/job/03/04.md index 7620fbe7ed..ce0053154e 100644 --- a/job/03/04.md +++ b/job/03/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## let the day be darkness...neither let the sunlight shine on it ## +# General Information: -These two clauses describe the darkness of the day of Job's birth, thus repeating Job's regret that he had been born. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The expressions in these verses are all wishes that the day of Job's birth would no longer exist. This may imply that the day, although in the past, still existed somehow. Translators may decide to translate as the UDB does: "I wish that the day when I was born could have been dark." -## let that day be darkness ## +# May that day be dark ... neither may the sun shine on it -Darkness is a metonym for something that does not exist. AT: "let that day disappear." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These two clauses describe the darkness of the day of Job's birth, thus repeating Job's regret that he had been born. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## let not God ## +# May that day be dark -AT: "may God not" +This is a wish for that day to not exist any longer. AT: "may that day disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Let darkness and the shadow of death claim it for their own ## +# May darkness and the shadow of death claim it for their own -Here the human ability to claim something is applied to darkness and the shadow of death. The word "it" refers to the day of Job's birth. (See:[[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here darkness and the shadow of death are spoken of as if they were people who could claim something as their own possession. The word "it" refers to the day of Job's birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## let a cloud live on it ## +# the shadow of death -"let a cloud cover it." AT: "let a cloud cover it so no one can see it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here a shadow represents death itself. AT: "death like a shadow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## everything that makes the day black ## +# May a cloud live over it -This refers to things that block out the sun's light. \ No newline at end of file +Here a cloud is spoken of as if it were a person who could live over the day of Job's birth. AT: "May a cloud cover it so no one can see it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# everything that makes the day black + +This refers to things that block out the sun's light and create darkness. Here "black" represents darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# terrify it + +"terrify that day." The day is spoken of as if it were a person who could be terrified by the darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/06.md b/job/03/06.md index 5ca0f3fb0c..34cc48f000 100644 --- a/job/03/06.md +++ b/job/03/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## thick darkness ## +# may thick darkness seize it -AT: "deep darkness" or "complete darkness" +This darkness is again spoken of as if it were a person who could grasp and hold the night. AT: "may thick darkness make it disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]). -## let it not rejoice ## +# thick darkness -The word "it" refers to the night of Job's birth or conception. The human ability to rejoice or not rejoice is applied to that night. AT: "May that night vanish from the calendar." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]). +"deep darkness" or "complete darkness" -## let it not come into the number ## +# May it not rejoice -AT: "may no one count it in the number" +The word "it" refers to the night of Job's birth or conception. The night of Job's conception is spoken of as if it were a person who should not rejoice. AT: "May that night vanish from the calendar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]). -## let that night be barren ## +# may it not come into the number -AT: "may that night be childless" or "I wish that night had never seen my birth" +That night is spoken of as if it were a person who could walk. AT: "may no one count it in the number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]). -## let no joyful voice come into it ## +# may that night be barren -AT: "let no one hear the happy cry at the birth of a son" \ No newline at end of file +The night of Job's birth is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "may no child be born on that night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]). + +# may no joyful voice come into it + +Here that the night of Job's birth is spoken of as if it were a time when it was still possible for someone to be happy. AT: "may no one hear the happy cry at the birth of a son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +# joyful voice come + +Here the voice stands for a person who is happy. AT: "may no one be happy in it ever again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/08.md b/job/03/08.md index 55900790c5..d102c0e052 100644 --- a/job/03/08.md +++ b/job/03/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Let them curse that day ## +# those who know how to wake up Leviathan -"Let those who curse days, curse that day" +Job is probably referring here to sorcerers and magicians, who he believes might be able to even provoke Leviathan in spreading chaos. Leviathan was an animal well known in Ancient Near Eastern mythology, which was thought to be responsible for all kinds of destruction, disorder, and chaos. -## Let the stars of that day’s twilight be dark ## +# May the stars of that day's dawn be dark -"Let the stars of that day’s first light be dark" +This refers to the planets that are often visible just before dawn. AT: "May the stars that appear before that day's first light be dark" -## Let that day look for light, but find none ## +# May that day look for light, but find none -"Let that day hope for light, but have none" The human ability to seek and the ability to see are applied to the day of Job's birth. These clauses express one idea in two ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]). +The day of Job's birth is spoken of as if it were a person looking for something. AT: "May that day hope for light, but have none" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## neither let it see the eyelids of the dawn ## +# neither may it see the eyelids of the dawn -"nor see the first light of the dawn." The human feature of eyelids is applied to the dawn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The dawn is spoken of as if it had eyelids as a person has. AT: "nor see the first light of the dawn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## because it did not shut up the doors of my mother’s womb ## +# because it did not shut up the doors of my mother's womb -"because that day did not close my mother's womb" \ No newline at end of file +A woman's womb is spoken of as if it were a container with doors. AT: "because that day did not close my mother's womb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because it did not hide trouble from my eyes + +The day of Job's birth is spoken of here as if it were a person who could hide something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# from my eyes + +Here "eyes" represents the person who sees with them. AT: "from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/11.md b/job/03/11.md index 71c4534fb2..945943e48c 100644 --- a/job/03/11.md +++ b/job/03/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Why did I not die when I came out from the womb? ## +# General Information: -"Why did I not die at birth?" Job poses this question in order to curse the day of his birth and to express his anguish. AT: "I wish I had died the day I was born." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This passage contains four rhetorical questions, which Job asks in order to really make a series of statements. -## Why did I not give up my spirit when my mother bore me? ## +# Why did I not die when I came out from the womb? -"Why did I not die when I came out from the womb?" See note above. AT: "I wish I had died when I came out of the womb." +"Why did I not die at birth?" Job poses this question in order to curse the day of his birth and to express his anguish. AT: "I wish I had died the day I was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why did her knees receive me? ## +# Why did I not give up my spirit when my mother bore me? -"Why was there a lap to receive me?" See note above. AT: "I wish there had been no lap to receive me." +Job means to say that he should not have been born alive. AT: "I wish I had died when I came out of the womb." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## why did her breasts welcome me so that I should nurse at them? ## +# give up my spirit -"Why were there breasts that I might nurse?" See note above. "I wish there had been no breasts for me to nurse." \ No newline at end of file +This refers to dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Why did her knees welcome me? + +This perhaps refers to the lap of Job's mother. His mother's knees are spoken of as if they were people who could welcome a newborn baby. AT: "I wish there had been no lap to receive me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Why did her breasts receive me so that I should suck? + +Job's mother's breasts are spoken of as if they also were people who could welcome a newborn baby. AT: "I wish there had been no breasts for me to nurse." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/13.md b/job/03/13.md index be4d86b5a4..165ba23ebf 100644 --- a/job/03/13.md +++ b/job/03/13.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## For now I would have been lying down quietly; I would have slept and been at rest ## +# For now I would have been lying down quietly. I would have slept and been at rest -In two different ways, Job envisions that he had never been born or that he had died at birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Job uses two sentences to think about what it would be like if he had never been born or had died at birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## I would have been lying down quietly ## +# I would have been lying down quietly -Job imagines something that could have happened in the past but which did not happen, as noted above. AT: "I should have been lying down quietly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +Job imagines something that could have happened in the past but which did not happen, as noted above. AT: "I should have been lying down quietly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## lying down quietly ## +# lying down quietly -AT: "asleep, resting peacefully" (See: UDB) +"asleep, resting peacefully" -## lying down ## +# been at rest -The writer uses this phrase as a mild way of referring to death because direct references to death may be considered unpleasant or offensive. AT: "no longer alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Here the word "rest" means to sleep peacefully, but also that Job would not be experiencing the pain that he does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I would have slept and been at rest ## +# with kings and counselors of the earth -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -## slept...at rest ## - -The writer uses this phrase as a mild way of referring to death because direct references to death may be considered unpleasant or offensive. AT: "no longer alive." - -## with kings and counselors of the earth ## - -AT: "with kings and their advisers." \ No newline at end of file +"with kings and their advisers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/15.md b/job/03/15.md index 5429caa371..b1ac4b5ab1 100644 --- a/job/03/15.md +++ b/job/03/15.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues his thoughts about dying before he was born. -## Or I would have been lying...that never see the light ## +# Or I would have been lying ... that never see the light This describes something that might have happened but did not happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## I would have been lying with princes ## +# I would have been lying with princes -"I would be resting with princes."(UDB) In this phrase, the words "lying" and "resting" represent a polite way of saying "no longer alive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"I would be resting with princes." In this phrase, the words "lying" and "resting" are a polite way of saying "no longer alive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## who once had gold, who had filled their houses with silver ## +# who once had gold, who had filled their houses with silver Job uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Or perhaps I would have been stillborn, like infants that never see the light ## +# Or perhaps I would have been stillborn, like infants that never see the light Job uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## I would have been stillborn ## +# I would have been stillborn -AT: "I would have died in my mother's womb." +"I would have died in my mother's womb" -## like infants that never see the light ## +# like infants that never see the light -AT: "like babies who had never been born" +"like babies who had never been born" -## infants ## +# infants "babies" or "very small children" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/17.md b/job/03/17.md index 473860845e..18b41d1cd6 100644 --- a/job/03/17.md +++ b/job/03/17.md @@ -1,33 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Job changes his talk from dying to life after death. -## There the wicked cease from trouble; there the weary are at rest ## +# There the wicked cease from trouble; there the weary are at rest Job uses parallelism to emphasize that the lowly will find rest from those causing them hardship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## There the wicked cease from trouble ## +# There the wicked cease from trouble -Job is talking about the place where people go after they stop living. AT: "In that place, evil people stop causing trouble." +Job is talking about the place where people go after they stop living. AT: "In that place, evil people stop causing trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## cease from trouble ## +# the voice of the slave driver -AT: "stop causing trouble" +Here "voice" is a metonym for the power that the slave drivers have over the slaves. AT: "They are no longer under the control of the slave drivers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## there the weary are at rest ## +# small and great people -AT: "in that place, very tired people are at peace." +This is a figure of speech which means "all people, both poor people and rich people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## There the prisoners are at ease together ## - -AT: "People who were in prison are at peace together." - -## the voice of the slave driver ## - -Here "voice" is a metonym for the power that the slave drivers have over the slaves. AT: "They are no longer under the control of the slave drivers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## The small and the great ## - -This is a figure of speech which means "all people, both poor people and rich people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) - -## the servant is free from his master ## +# the servant is free from his master A servant is no longer obligated to serve his master. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/20.md b/job/03/20.md index 298de937b9..0af8599e43 100644 --- a/job/03/20.md +++ b/job/03/20.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## Why is light given to him who is in misery; why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul ## +# Why is light given to him who is in misery? Why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul -Job asks one question in two ways as to why those who face hardship continue to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Job's two questions mean basically the same thing. He is wondering why those who face hardship continue to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Why is light given to him who is in misery ## +# Why is light given to him who is in misery? -He is wondering why people must stay alive and suffer. AT: "I do not understand why God gives life to a person who is suffering." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here Job is wondering why people must stay alive and suffer. AT: "I do not understand why God gives life to a person who is suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul ## +# light -"why does God give life to a miserable person?" AT: "I do not understand why God gives life to a person who is very unhappy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here light represents life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to one who longs for death, but it does not come ## +# Why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul ... hidden treasure? -AT: "to a person who no longer wants to be alive, but is still alive" +"why does God give life to a miserable person?" AT: "I do not understand why God gives life to a person who is very unhappy ... hidden treasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## to one who searches for death more than those who search for hidden treasure ## +# to one who longs for death without it coming -AT: "to a person who wants to stop living more than he wants to look for hidden riches" +Here death is spoken of as if it were an object coming toward someone. AT: "to a person who no longer wants to be alive, but is still alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Why is light given to one who rejoices very much and is glad when he can find the grave ## +# to one who digs for death more than for hidden treasure -AT: "I do not understand why God allows a person to keep living when the person would be very happy to be buried in the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +A person hoping to die is spoken of as if he were digging for buried treasure. AT: "to a person who wants to stop living more than he wants to look for hidden riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who rejoices very much and is glad ## +# Why is light given to one who rejoices very much and is glad when he finds the grave -"to a person who is very delighted and happy" These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated for emphasis (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here Job uses a question to make a statement. AT: "I do not understand why God allows a person to keep living when the person would be very happy to be buried in the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## when he can find the grave ## +# one who rejoices very much and is glad -A polite way of expressing death. AT: "when he is dead and can be buried." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "rejoices very much" means basically the same thing as "is glad." Together, the two phrases emphasize the intensity of gladness. AT: "one who is extremely happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# when he finds the grave + +This is a polite way of referring to dying. AT: "when he is dead and can be buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the grave + +Here the grave represents death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/23.md b/job/03/23.md index c482d61d17..cbb7ed259e 100644 --- a/job/03/23.md +++ b/job/03/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Why is light given to a man whose way is hidden, a man whom God has hedged in? ## +# Why is light given to a man whose way is hidden, a man whom God has hedged in? -AT: "Why does God give life to a man and then take away his future and confine him?" +Job asks this question in order to make a statement. AT: "God should not give life to a man and then take away his future and confine him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why is light given ## +# Why is light given to a man -The word "light" is referring to life. +Here light represents life. AT: "Why does God keep a man alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For my sighing happens instead of eating; my groaning is poured out like water ## +# whose way is hidden + +Here Job speaks of his future, which he does not know in advance, as if God had hidden it from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a man whom God has hedged in + +Here being in difficulties and dangers is spoken of as if it were being confined within narrow limits. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For my sighing happens instead of eating; my groaning is poured out like water Job expresses his anguish in two ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## my sighing happens instead of eating ## +# my sighing happens instead of eating -AT: "Instead of eating, I mourn." +"Instead of eating, I mourn" -## my groaning is poured out like water ## +# my groaning is poured out like water -Job's grief overflows like water pouring from a vessel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moral qualities and emotions such as grief are often spoken of as if they were water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/25.md b/job/03/25.md index ca496e10a1..0df5fe5680 100644 --- a/job/03/25.md +++ b/job/03/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## the thing that I feared has come on me, what I was afraid of has come to me ## +# the thing that I feared has come on me; what I was afraid of has come to me -These two phrases mean the same thing. AT: "What I feared most has happened to me" or "My worst fear has come true." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing. AT: "what I feared most has happened to me" or "my worst fear has come true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## I am not at ease, I am not quiet, and I have no rest ## +# I am not at ease, I am not quiet, and I have no rest -Job expresses his anguish in three separate phrases. AT: "I am very anxious" or "I am emotionally and physically tormented" - -## trouble comes instead ## - -AT: "distress torments me instead" \ No newline at end of file +Job expresses his anguish in three separate phrases. AT: "I am very anxious" or "I am emotionally and physically tormented" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/03/intro.md b/job/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..323803c0f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Job 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to show Job's earnest desire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/01.md b/job/04/01.md index 96742c091b..3fce943ad3 100644 --- a/job/04/01.md +++ b/job/04/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Eliphaz ## +# Eliphaz Eliphaz is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Temanite ## +# Temanite A Temanite belongs to the tribe of Teman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## be grieved ## +# will you be impatient? -"someone makes you sad" (because of help that is offered) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Eliphaz asks this question in order to make a statement. AT: "you will surely be impatient." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## But who can stop himself from speaking? ## +# will you be impatient? -Eliphaz asks this question to stress that no one who sees a friend suffering can remain silent. AT: "No one can restrain himself from speaking (to a friend in such a state as you find yourself)" or "I must speak to you, (seeing that you are in a state of grief)." (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"will that annoy you?" -## See, you have instructed many; you have strengthened weak hands ## +# But who can stop himself from speaking? -This verse is in the form of Hebrew poetry. A single idea is stated in two ways for clarity, emphasis, or teaching. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Eliphaz asks this question to say that no one who sees a friend suffering can remain silent. AT: "No one can restrain himself from speaking (to a friend in such a state as you find yourself)" or "I must speak to you, (seeing that you are in a state of grief)." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## instructed ## +# See, you have instructed many; you have strengthened weak hands -"corrected" or "admonished" +This verse states a single idea in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## you have strengthened weak hands ## +# you have strengthened weak hands -"you have helped others when they suffered loss" \ No newline at end of file +Here "weak hands" represents people who need help. AT: "you have helped others when they needed help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/04.md b/job/04/04.md index a4ed33c19b..eea083e389 100644 --- a/job/04/04.md +++ b/job/04/04.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ -The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses make one idea using two different statements to emphasize 1) the support that Job has given others in the past, 2) the effect on him of his present troubles, and 3) his piety before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## supported ## +The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses to make one idea using two different statements to emphasize 1) the support that Job has given others in the past, 2) the effect on him of his present troubles, and 3) his piety before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"held up" like catching someone from falling to the ground when they stumble on a rock +# supported -## falling ## +Someone who has been encouraged is spoken of as if he were kept from falling down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"stumbling" +# falling -## you have made feeble knees firm ## +Here becoming discouraged is spoken of as if it were falling down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"you encouraged others when they were in extreme sorrow." +# you have made feeble knees firm -## But now trouble has come to you ## +Here discouragement is spoken of as if it were a person whose weak knees could not keep him upright. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"But now you suffer from disasters" +# But now trouble has come to you -## you faint ## +Here trouble is spoken of as if it were an object that could come to a person. AT: "But now you suffer from disasters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"you are emotionally weak" +# you are weary -## your fear of God ## +"you are discouraged" -"your piety" +# your fear -## Should not your fear of God give you confidence? Should not the integrity of your ways give you hope? ## +"the fact that you honor God" -Eliphaz asks these questions to make Job consider that the cause of his suffering is sin in his life despite his supposed piety and integrity. AT: "Everyone thinks that you honor God; everyone thinks that you are an honest man. But these things must not be true, because you have no more trust in God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Is not your fear your confidence, and the integrity of your ways your hope? + +Eliphaz asks these questions in order to tell Job that it is because of his sin that he is suffering. AT: "Everyone thinks that you honor God; everyone thinks that you are an honest man. But these things must not be true, because you do not trust God any longer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# your fear + +Eliphaz means Job's fear of God. AT: "your fear of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your ways + +Here "your ways" represents "your conduct," "how you behave." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/07.md b/job/04/07.md index 9de2249fa6..f42cb00e20 100644 --- a/job/04/07.md +++ b/job/04/07.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## Think about this, I beg you ## - -"Please recall" - -## who has ever perished when innocent? ## +# Who has ever perished when innocent? Eliphaz uses this question to prompt Job to search his life for sin (and God's righteous judgment) as the cause of his loss. AT: "No one has ever perished when innocent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## when was the upright person ever cut off? ## +# when were the upright people ever cut off -This question has the same purpose as the previous question. AT: "Who has ever perished when innocent?" or "No one has ever cut off an upright person." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This question also means to make a statement, and may be put into active form. AT: "No one has ever cut off an upright person." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## plow iniquity … sow trouble … reap ## +# cut off -The words "plow," "sow," and "reap" are agricultural terms used figuratively here to suggest that people sometimes bring trouble upon themselves through their choices and actions. +Here being cut off represents being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## By the breath of God they perish; by the blast of his anger they are consumed ## +# plow iniquity ... sow trouble ... reap + +Here the actions of plowing and sowing represent causing trouble for other people. The action of reaping represents suffering the trouble that one has himself caused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# By the breath of God they perish; by the blast of his anger they are consumed The writer explains a single idea using two different statements. This is a form of Hebrew poetry used for emphasis, clarity, teaching, or all three. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## breath … blast ## +# the breath of God -The second builds on the first. They make one point by using meanings that increase the result. "By the __puff__ of God's mouth they die, the __rushing wind__ of his anger devastates them." +This may represent the action of God giving a command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## perish … are consumed ## +# the blast of his anger -The second builds on the first. They make one point by using meanings that increase the result. "By the puff of God's breath they __die__, the rushing wind of his anger __devastates them__." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This expression suggests the heavy breathing that a person sometimes does through his nose when he is very angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# breath ... blast + +The second builds on the first. They make the same point by using meanings that increase the result. "By the puff of God's mouth they die; the rushing wind of his anger devastates them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# perish ... are consumed + +The second phrase builds on the first. They make the same point. "By the puff of God's breath they die, the rushing wind of his anger devastates them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they are consumed + +Here being consumed or eaten represents being killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/10.md b/job/04/10.md index cc8f93349f..5add97a0f5 100644 --- a/job/04/10.md +++ b/job/04/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + The writer uses parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using different statements to emphasize God's destruction of wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## The roaring of the lion, the voice of the fierce lion, the teeth of the young lions—they are broken. ## +# The roaring of the lion, the voice of the fierce lion, the teeth of the young lions—they are broken. -Eliphaz uses the picture of a lion's roaring, voice, and teeth being broken as an image of the wicked being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here a lion's roar, his voice, and his teeth being broken are used as pictures of the wicked being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they are broken ## +# they are broken -"something breaks the teeth of the young lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This may be put into active form. AT: "something breaks them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The old lion perishes for lack of victims; the cubs of the lioness are scattered everywhere ## +# The old lion perishes for lack of victims; the cubs of the lioness are scattered everywhere Eliphaz uses the picture of an old lion dying of hunger and of a lion's family being scattered as metaphors for the wicked being destroyed. -## are scattered ## +# the cubs of the lioness are scattered -"something scatters the cubs of the lioness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "something scatters the cubs of the lioness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/12.md b/job/04/12.md index 57b67f6e58..cce0629ab8 100644 --- a/job/04/12.md +++ b/job/04/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Now a certain matter was secretly brought to me; my ear received a whisper about it. ## +# Now a certain matter was secretly brought to me ... my ear received a whisper about it -These are separate sentences expressing the same idea in a different way. They convey the idea that Eliphaz heard a message whispered to him. This repetition is a form of Hebrew poetry used frequently for emphasis, teaching, or clarity. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These phrases express the same idea in a different way. They convey the idea that Eliphaz heard a message whispered to him. This repetition is a form of Hebrew poetry used frequently for emphasis, teaching, or clarity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## was secretly brought ## +# visions in the night -"something brought a certain matter to me secretly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"dreams" -## in thoughts ## +# when deep sleep falls on people -"amidst troubling thoughts" - -## visions in the night ## - -"dreams" \ No newline at end of file +"when people sleep very deeply" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/14.md b/job/04/14.md index 278be65389..4db8d0e319 100644 --- a/job/04/14.md +++ b/job/04/14.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The writer uses parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using different statements to emphasize Eliphaz's fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## fear and trembling ## +# fear and trembling came upon me -"fear, even trembling," \ No newline at end of file +Here fear and trembling are spoken of as if they were objects that could come to a person. AT: "I began to be afraid and to tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the hair of my flesh stood up + +This indicates great fear. + +# the hair of my flesh + +"the hair on my body" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/16.md b/job/04/16.md index c6161ace54..5c5ac6fce7 100644 --- a/job/04/16.md +++ b/job/04/16.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -The writer uses parallelism in verse 17, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize a question about the purity of man before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## The spirit stood still ## +The writer uses parallelism in verse 17, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize a question about the purity of man before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"It stood still," with "it" referring to the "someone" or the "spirit" or the "ghost" in [Job 4:12](./12.md) and [Job 4:14](./14.md). +# A form was before my eyes -## and I heard ## +"Something was before my eyes," "I saw something" + +# and I heard "then I heard" -## Can a mortal man be more righteous than God? ## +# Can a mortal man be more righteous than God? -Eliphaz poses this question so that Job will consider, "Do I regard myself as more righteous than God?" or "Am I justified before God?" AT: "A mortal man cannot be more righteous than God" or "A mortal man cannot be righteous before God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Eliphaz poses this question so that Job will consider, "Do I regard myself as more righteous than God?" or "Am I justified before God?" AT: "A mortal man cannot be more righteous than God." or "A mortal man cannot be righteous before God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## be more righteous than God ## +# Can a man be more pure than his Maker? -AT: "be righteous before God" or "be justified before God" +This question has the same purpose as the previous question. AT: "A man cannot be more pure than his Maker." or "A man cannot be pure before his Maker." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Can a man be more pure than his Maker? ## - -This question has the same purpose as the previous question. AT: "A man cannot be more pure than his Maker" or "A man cannot be pure before his Maker." - -## Maker ## +# Maker "Creator" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/18.md b/job/04/18.md index 9f0af312cb..ab07969d56 100644 --- a/job/04/18.md +++ b/job/04/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## those who live in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust ## +# those who live in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust -This is a figurative way of describing human beings who were created out of the dust of the earth and whose bodies are like houses, which are made of clay and have dirt foundations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +This is a figurative way of describing human beings, who were created out of the dust of the earth and whose bodies are like houses, which are made of clay and have dirt foundations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). -## crushed sooner than a moth ## +# who are crushed sooner than a moth -The phrase "sooner than" is normally translated as "before." AT: "crushed before a moth" or "crushed like a moth" - -## are crushed ## - -"something crushes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) "who God destroys as easily as he crushes a moth" or 2) "whose lives are as short as the life of a moth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/20.md b/job/04/20.md index f0877dc058..338497f7d8 100644 --- a/job/04/20.md +++ b/job/04/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + These verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that people die suddenly without having achieved wisdom and without concern from others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Between morning and evening they are destroyed ## +# Between morning and evening they are destroyed -This is a figurative way of saying that humans die quickly, that life is short, just at the time between morning and evening is short. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to the idea of something happening quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they are destroyed ## +# they are destroyed -"something destroys them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This may also be put into active form. AT: "they die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Are not their tent cords plucked up among them? ## +# Are not their tent cords plucked up among them? -The writer describes human beings like tents that collapse when someone pulls up the cords that hold it up. This is a figurative way of asking, "Are not they about to die?" AT: "Something plucks up their tent cords among them" or "Something plucks their lives from them."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). +This may be put into active form. AT: "Have not their enemies plucked up their tent cords from among them?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Are not their tent cords plucked up among them? ## +# their tent cords -"Yes, their tent cords are plucked up among them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here tent cords represent a tent. Sometimes a person's home and family are pictured as his tent, which can also represent all his possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/04/intro.md b/job/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e19ac4f2b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Eliphaz's advice ##### +Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to form Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/01.md b/job/05/01.md index fb7bf745f4..396263e16d 100644 --- a/job/05/01.md +++ b/job/05/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## To which of the holy ones will you turn? ## +# To which of the holy ones will you turn? -Eliphaz poses this question to make the point that no one Job can turn to for help. AT: "Is there a holy one to whom you may turn?" or "There is no holy one to whom you can turn for help." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Eliphaz poses this question to make the point that there is no one Job can turn to for help. AT: "Is there a holy one to whom you may turn?" or "There is no holy one to whom you can turn for help." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## jealousy kills the silly one" ## +# holy ones -"jealousy kills the gullible one" +This refers to supernatural beings of some kind, whether angels or other spirits. -## a foolish person taking root ## +# jealousy kills the silly one -Here a foolish person is compared to a tree taking root, suggesting that the person grows in foolishness over time. "a foolish person becoming grounded in foolishness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"jealousy kills anyone who acts ignorantly and impulsively" -## But suddenly I cursed his home ## +# the silly one ... a foolish person -"But suddenly I cursed his dwelling place" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to any silly person and any foolish person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# a foolish person taking root + +Here a person is spoken of as if he were a plant, perhaps becoming more foolish over time. AT: "a foolish person becoming grounded in foolishness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his home + +This refers to the person's family and all his property. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/04.md b/job/05/04.md index f26b43cb24..bbc2d6e17b 100644 --- a/job/05/04.md +++ b/job/05/04.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + These verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that the children of foolish people are never safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## His children are far from safety ## +# His children are far from safety -"His" refers to the foolish person or the foolish people in [Job 5:1](./01.md). AT: "Their children are never safe" +"His" refers to the foolish person or the foolish people in [Job 5:02](./01.md). AT: "Their children are never safe" -## are crushed ## +# are crushed -"someone crushes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here being crushed represents being oppressed, taken advantage of, at court. This idea may be put into active form. AT: "someone crushes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## city gate ## +# city gate -The city gate, functioning as a court, was the place where disputes were resolved and where judgments were rendered. +The city gate, functioning as a court, was the place where disputes were resolved and where judgments were given. -## There is no one to rescue them ## +# There is no one to rescue them -AT: "There is no one to deliver the foolish people's children" +"There is no one to help the foolish people's children out of their hardship" -## those whose harvest is eaten up by others who are hungry ## +# they even take it from among the thorns -This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "the hungry eat the foolish people's harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This perhaps refers to parts of a field where the worst crops grow, because of thorn plants present. -## people who take it even out of the thorns ## +# The thirsty pant for their wealth -"and take it from behind the thorns" - -## those whose wealth is consumed by people thirsty for it ## - -This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "the thirsty consume the foolish people's wealth" \ No newline at end of file +Here greedy people are spoken of as if they were thirsty, and the wealth of the foolish person is spoken of as if it were something that they could drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/06.md b/job/05/06.md index 02382f975e..901a13c2cd 100644 --- a/job/05/06.md +++ b/job/05/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## For difficulties do not come forth from the soil ## +# For difficulties do not come out from the soil; neither does trouble sprout from the ground -"For difficulties do not come forth from the dust" +Here difficulties and trouble are spoken of as if they were plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## But mankind makes his own trouble just as sparks fly upward ## +# mankind is born for trouble, just as sparks fly upward -The writer compares the trouble in people's lives to sparks shooting up from a fire. Both are inevitable. "But people have troubles from the time they are born just as surely as sparks shoot up from a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is as natural for people, once they are born, to have trouble as it is for sparks to fly up from a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/08.md b/job/05/08.md index b7383ffd29..82d4236b6b 100644 --- a/job/05/08.md +++ b/job/05/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -In these verses, Eliphaz continues his speech from [Job 4:1](../04/01.md). The writer continues to use parallelism in each verse, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize that Job needs to plead his case to God who does wonderful things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## great and profound things, marvelous things without number ## +In these verses, Eliphaz continues his speech from [Job 4:01](../04/01.md). The writer continues to use parallelism in each verse, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize that Job needs to plead his case to God who does wonderful things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# great and unsearchable things, marvelous things without number "great things that cannot be understood, wonders that cannot be counted" -## great and profound things ## +# unsearchable things -Here the writer uses two independent words connected by "and" to emphasize the greatness of God's actions. AT: "greatly profound things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) +This refers to things that mankind cannot understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## marvelous things ## +# great and unsearchable things + +Here the writer uses two independent words connected by "and" to emphasize the greatness of God's actions. AT: "greatly profound things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# marvelous things "wonderful things" or "wonders" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/11.md b/job/05/11.md index 8f77c24a44..12c92b6adf 100644 --- a/job/05/11.md +++ b/job/05/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to use parallelism in each verse, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize how God lifts those who are lowly and debases those who are cunning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## He does this in order to set up on high those who are low ## +# He does this in order to set up on high those who are low -"God sets up on high those who are lowly" or "God gives honor to those who are lowly" or "God exalts those who are lowly" +Humble people in distress are spoken of as if they were in a low position. When God rescues them, they receive honor. When this happens, they are spoken of as being raised up and put into a high position. AT: "God does this in order to rescue and honor the humble who have been suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to raise to safety those who mourn in ashes ## +# He breaks the plans -"he raises to safety those who mourn" +Here stopping the plans of crafty people is spoken of as if they were things that could be physically broken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He frustrates ## +# He traps wise people in their own crafty actions -"He breaks" or "He brings to nothing" +Here making wise people suffer for their own evil actions is spoken of as if it were catching them in traps. Their own actions are spoken of as if they were those traps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## schemes ## +# twisted people -"plans" or "designs" or "undertakings" - -## the crafty ## - -"those who are cunning" or "those who are devious" or "those who are shrewd" \ No newline at end of file +Here being evil in a clever way is spoken of as if it were being twisted. AT: "those who are cunning" or "those who are devious" or "those who are shrewd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/14.md b/job/05/14.md index 4ab39a8a4d..8f383d0737 100644 --- a/job/05/14.md +++ b/job/05/14.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to use parallelism in each verse, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize how God debases those who are cunning and saves those who are poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## They meet with darkness in the daytime ## +# They encounter darkness in the daytime -This metaphor compares those who are cunning with those in darkness who cannot see which way to go or what to do when God breaks their schemes. "Those who are cunning encounter darkness" +Here the cunning, wicked people whom God confuses are spoken of as if they unexpectedly are in the dark at noon, when the sun is at its highest position in the sky. They cannot do anything they wish to do, because they cannot see. AT: "Those who are cunning are in the dark, even at noontime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## grope ## +# grope feel around like a blind person -## noonday ## +# noonday -"at noon" or "in the afternoon" +"noon" -## But he saves the poor person from the sword in their mouths ## +# But he saves the poor person from the sword in their mouths -"But God saves the poor person from the threats and oppression of the mighty" +Here the insulting and threatening things that people say are spoken of as if they were a sword in their mouths. AT: "But he saves the poor person from the threats of the mighty" or "But he saves the poor person when the mighty threaten or insult them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the sword in their mouths ## +# injustice shuts her own mouth -This is symbolic language describing oppressors' exploitation of the poor. AT: "cruel, destructive words in the oppressors' mouths" - -## injustice shuts her mouth ## - -The speaker is giving human characteristics to "injustice". "It is as though injustice shuts her mouth". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]). \ No newline at end of file +People who say unjust things are spoken of as if they were the injustice itself, who must stop speaking. AT: "It is as though injustice shut her own mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/17.md b/job/05/17.md index 20f2516107..f51a7aaa3b 100644 --- a/job/05/17.md +++ b/job/05/17.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to use parallelism in verses 18 and 19, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize God's acts of chastening and healing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## See, happy is the man whom God corrects ## - -"See how happy is the man whom God corrects" - -## God corrects…chastening of the Almighty ## +# God corrects ... chastening of the Almighty God is pictured as a parent correcting or instructing a child. -## happy ## +# blessed -"blessed" or "favored" +"favored" -## do not despise ## +# do not despise "do not reject" or "do not consider worthless" -## chastening ## +# chastening -"instruction" or "correction" or "discipline" (UDB) +"instruction" or "correction" or "discipline" -## For he wounds and then binds up; he wounds and then his hands heal ## +# For he wounds and then binds up; he wounds and then his hands heal "For he wounds but binds up; he crushes but his hands heal" -## He will rescue you out of six troubles; indeed, in seven troubles, no evil will touch you ## +# his hands heal -Here the pronoun shifts from "he/him" to "you." "Six times he will deliver you from trouble; seven times no evil will touch you." \ No newline at end of file +Here "his hands" represents God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He will rescue you out of six troubles; indeed, in seven troubles, no evil will touch you + +The use of increasing numbers such as "six" and "seven" represents the idea of many, many times. AT: "He will rescue you out of trouble over and over again; indeed, time after time, no evil will touch you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/20.md b/job/05/20.md index 5a7c60f58c..15778d3949 100644 --- a/job/05/20.md +++ b/job/05/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -The shift in pronoun from "he/him" to "you" which began in [Job 5:17](./17.md) continues through the end of Eliphaz's speech in [Job 5:26](./26.md). +# General Information: -## In famine he will rescue you ## +The shift in pronoun from "he" to "you" which began in [Job 5:19](./17.md) continues through the end of Eliphaz's speech in [Job 5:27](./26.md). -"In famine God will redeem you" +# In famine he will ransom you -## rescue you ## +Here rescuing is spoken of as if it were ransoming, buying back. AT: "In famine God will rescue you from danger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"ransom you" or "redeem you" or "save you from danger" +# the hands of the sword -## destruction ## +Here "hands" probably represents the people who attack with weapons, including swords. AT: "violent people" or "people who attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -"harm from enemies" +# of destruction -## you will not be afraid of wild beasts ## +Here "destruction" refers to the danger of being destroyed by enemies. AT: "that any enemy will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"you will not be afraid of the wild beasts" +# You will laugh at destruction and famine -## wild beasts ## +Here "laugh" represents that the person is not afraid. AT: "You will not be afraid of any danger of destruction or famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -animals that have not been tamed or trained \ No newline at end of file +# beasts of the earth + +This refers to wild animals. AT: "wild animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/23.md b/job/05/23.md index 1d6e38c32a..ecde878611 100644 --- a/job/05/23.md +++ b/job/05/23.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize security with regard to the natural world, the homestead, and one's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## you will have a covenant with the stones in your field ## +# you will have a covenant with the stones in your field -This sentence uses figurative language to convey harmony with the natural world. AT: "your covenant is with the stones of the field" +Here the stones in farmers' fields are spoken of as if they were people that someone could have a covenant with. AT: "the stones in your fields will be like people who promise that they will not make any trouble for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you will be at peace with the wild beasts ## +# the beasts of the field -"the wild animals will be at peace with you" +This refers to dangerous wild animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## wild beasts ## +# You will know that your tent is in safety -animals that have not been tamed or trained +Here "tent" represents a person's family, household, and all his possessions. AT: "You will know that your family, servants, and everything you own are safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You will know that your tent is in safety ## +# you will visit your sheepfold and you will not miss anything -"You will know that your tent is peaceful" +"when you visit where your flock stays at night, you will find all your sheep there" -## you will visit your sheepfold and find nothing missing ## +# your seed will be great -"you will visit your flock and find nothing missing" +Here "seed" represents a person's descendants. AT: "your descendants will be many" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You will know that your posterity will be great, that your offspring will be like the grass on the ground ## +# your offspring will be like the grass on the ground -In this simile, "offspring" is pictured as numerous as blades of grass. "You will know that your descendants will be many, that your offspring will be like grass growing on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "offspring" are spoken of as if they were as many as blades of grass, and probably as thriving, too. AT: "your descendants will be as many and as alive as the grass that grows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/26.md b/job/05/26.md index 77d5e99af8..1d8aa737af 100644 --- a/job/05/26.md +++ b/job/05/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## You will come to your grave at a full age ## +# You will come to your grave at a full age -"You will die at a ripe old age when it is your time" +"You will die at a very old age" -## like a stack of grain sheaves that is carried up to the threshing floor ## +# like a stack of grain sheaves that goes up at its time -Eliphaz is using simile to make his point that Job will die when it is time for him to die. AT: "Just as grain is harvested at the appointed time, so shall you die when it is your appointed time." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"like a stack of grain sheaves that is carried up to the threshing floor" -## See, we have examined this matter; it is like this; listen to it, and know it for yourself ## +# See, we have examined this matter; it is like this; listen to it, and know it for yourself -"We" refers to Job's friends, including Eliphaz, who is speaking. AT: "Look, we have thought about this matter. Listen to what I'm saying and know that it is true." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "we" refers to Job's friends but not to Job. AT: "Look, we have thought about this matter. Listen to what I am saying and know that it is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/05/intro.md b/job/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fdf89a2aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/job/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Job 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Eliphaz's advice ##### +Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +##### Sickness and sin ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person's illness was caused by sin. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While Yahweh may punish people because of their sin, not all sicknesses are caused by sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/01.md b/job/06/01.md index 7296467194..0e19c3030c 100644 --- a/job/06/01.md +++ b/job/06/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## if only my anguish were weighed; if only all my calamity were laid in the balance! ## +# if only my anguish were weighed; if only all my calamity were laid in the balance -Here the writer uses two different statements to convey a single idea, the burden of Job's suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here the writer uses two different statements to convey a single idea, the burden of Job's suffering. This can be stated in active form. AT: "if only I could weigh my anguish and all my calamities in the balance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in the balance ## +# in the balance "on a scale" -## For now it would be heavier than the sand of the seas ## +# For now it would be heavier than the sand of the seas -Job compares the burden of his suffering to the weight of wet sand; both can crush a person. "The burden of my anguish and troubles is heavier than the sand on the seashore." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job compares the burden of his suffering to the weight of wet sand; both can crush a person. AT: "For my anguish and calamities would be heavier than the sand on the seashore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# my words were reckless + +"I spoke recklessly" or "I spoke rashly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/04.md b/job/06/04.md index e2e111f869..bc3b2e11e9 100644 --- a/job/06/04.md +++ b/job/06/04.md @@ -1,41 +1,47 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's intense suffering as the grounds for his complaint. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## For the arrows of the Almighty are in me ## +# For the arrows of the Almighty are in me -This is a metaphor for Job's suffering. He compares his many troubles to arrows that pierce his body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +This is a metaphor for Job's suffering. He compares his many troubles to arrows that that God has shot his body with. AT: "It is as though the Almighty has shot arrows into my body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my spirit drinks up the poison ## +# my spirit drinks up the poison -The metaphor continues. Suffering has penetrated Job to his core. AT: "I feel the pain to my very core." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +"my spirit drinks up the arrows' poison." This continues the metaphor of the arrows, by implying that they had tips of poison and that Job feels the pain in his spirit. He speaks of feeling this pain as if his spirit drank the poison. AT: "I feel the pain of their poison in my inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The terrors of God have arranged themselves in array against me ## +# the terrors of God have arranged themselves in array against me -AT: "All the awful things that could happened have come against me at one time." +Job speaks of the terrible things that have happened to him as if they were soldiers that God had lined up to attack him all at once. AT: "God has caused all the terrible things that could happen to happen to me all at once" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## in array ## +# the terrors of God have arranged themselves in array against me -"like an army regiment" or "like a band of soldiers" +God causing many things to terrify Job is spoken of as if God's terrors were soldiers lined up to attack Job. AT: "the terrors of God have arranged themselves like soldiers in an army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Does the wild donkey bray in despair when he has grass? Or does the ox low in hunger when it has fodder? ## +# Does the wild donkey bray in despair when he has grass? Or does the ox low in hunger when it has fodder? -Job poses these questions to emphasize that he has good reason to complain. AT: "Would I be complaining if everything was all right?" or "I would not complain without reason." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Job poses these rhetorical questions to emphasize that he has a reason to complain. These question can be written as statements. AT: "Just as the wild donkey does not bray in despair when he has grass and as the ox does not low in hunger when he has fodder, I would not complain if I did not have a reason" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## bray ## +# bray the sound a donkey makes -## low ## +# low the sound an ox makes -## fodder ## +# fodder animal food -## Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? ## +# Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? -Even the food, or circumstances, in Job's life are painful. Job compares his life to a meal that has no seasoning or flavor. "My life has no savor; it is like the tasteless white of an egg." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Job is comparing his displeasure for his circumstances to people's dislike for bland food or 2) Job is comparing his displeasure for his friend's advice to people's dislike for bland food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Can that which has no taste be eaten ## +# Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? -This passive question can be translated as an active statement: "A person cannot eat bad tasting food without salt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job uses these rhetorical questions to emphasize his own displeasure. These questions can be written as a statement. AT: "Tasteless food cannot be eaten without salt, just as there is no taste in the white of an egg." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Can that which has no taste be eaten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Can you eat that which has no taste" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/07.md b/job/06/07.md index d6a5cc86ef..8a0d8568f1 100644 --- a/job/06/07.md +++ b/job/06/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's intense suffering and his desire for death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## I refuse to touch them ## +Job continues to use parallelisms in these verses as he speaks about his sufferings and his desire for death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"Them" refers to bad tasting foods. Here Job continues to use the image of bad food as a metaphor for his unpalatable circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +# I refuse to touch them -## Oh that I might have my request; oh, that God would grant me the thing that I long for ## +"Them" refers to bad tasting foods. -AT: "Oh that God would do what I have been asking him to do" +# to crush me once -## that it would please God to crush me once ## +This means for God to cause him to die. AT: "to crush me and let me die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -AT: "That God would go ahead and crush me" +# that he would let loose his hand and cut me off from this life -## that he would let loose his hand and cut me off from this life ## - -AT: "that he would act quickly and cut short my life" - -## let loose his hand ## - -"act quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrases "let loose his hand" is an idiom that means to act quickly. Also, the phrase "cut me off from this life" is a euphemism for killing him. AT: "that he would act quickly and cut short my life" or "that he would act quickly and end my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/10.md b/job/06/10.md index c2c6c72c63..fdf511e890 100644 --- a/job/06/10.md +++ b/job/06/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## May this still be my consolation ## +# May this still be my consolation -"May this yet be my consolation" or "May this bring me comfort" +"May this bring me comfort." The word "this" refers to God allowing him to die. AT: "May my death still bring me comfort" or "May my death still comfort me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## even if I exult in pain that does not lessen ## +# even if I exult in pain that does not lessen "I would leap for joy in unending pain" or "I would endure pain that does not diminish" -## exult ## +# exult "rejoice" -## does not lessen ## +# does not lessen "does not diminish" -## that I have not denied the words of the Holy One ## +# that I have not denied the words of the Holy One -"that I have not disowned God" +"that I have not disowned God." This can be written in positive form. AT: "that I have always obeyed the Holy One" -## What is my strength, that I should try to wait? ## +# What is my strength, that I should try to wait? What is my end, that I should prolong my life? -Job poses these questions to emphasize that it is pointless for him to go on living. AT: "Besides, what else is there for me to live for and look forward to?" or "I have no strength to go on living; I have no reason to be patient" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job poses these questions to emphasize that he has no reason to continue living. These questions have the same meaning. They may be written as statements. AT: "I do not have enough strength to go on living; I have no reason to prolong my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/12.md b/job/06/12.md index 154e42704a..babe027c0e 100644 --- a/job/06/12.md +++ b/job/06/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -The writer uses parallel rhetorical questions in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's lack of strength to endure suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## Is my strength the strength of stones? Or is my flesh made of bronze? ## +The writer uses parallel rhetorical questions in each of these verses to emphasize Job's lack of strength to endure suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Job contrasts the weakness of his body to tough, durable building materials to emphasize his lack of strength. AT: "I am not as strong as the rocks. My body is not made of metal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Is my strength the strength of stones? Or is my flesh made of bronze? -## Is it not true that I have no help in myself? ## +Job describes the weakness of his body by saying that he is not as strong as rocks and bronze to emphasize his lack of strength. These rhetorical questions may be written as statements. AT: "I am not as strong as the rocks. My flesh is not as strong as metal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "It is true that I have no strength left." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Is it not true that I have no help in myself ... me? -## wisdom has been driven out of me ## +Job uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his lack of wisdom and his weakness. This question can be written as a statement. Also, the phrase "no help in myself" is an idiom. AT: "It is true that I have no strength left ... me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"my success has been taken from me" or "or "inner strength has been driven out of me" This passive clause can be written as an active clause: "My inner strength is gone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# wisdom has been driven out of me + +"my success has been taken from me." This can be stated in active form. AT: "my wisdom is gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/14.md b/job/06/14.md index b676160f7f..b91d8b0dd2 100644 --- a/job/06/14.md +++ b/job/06/14.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## To the person who is about to faint, faithfulness should be shown by his friend ## +# To the person who is about to faint, faithfulness should be shown by his friend -"A friend should be kind to the person who feels hopeless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "A friend should be faithful to the person who feels he is about to faint" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## even to him who forsakes the fear of the Almighty ## +# who is about to faint -"even if he stops honoring Almighty God" (UDB) Possible meanings are 1) the person does not fear God or 2) His friend does not fear God. +This speaks of a person who feels hopeless and is overwhelmed by his troubles as if he were about to physically faint. AT: "who feels hopeless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## But my brothers have been as faithful to me as a desert streambed ## +# even to him who forsakes the fear of the Almighty -Job is describing his friends as being like a "wadi" which is a stream that can suddenly dry up and is not dependable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"even if he stops fearing Almighty God." Possible meanings are 1) the faint person does not fear God or 2) his friend does not fear God. -## as channels of water that pass away to nothing ## +# But my brothers have been as faithful to me as a desert streambed -"like streams of water that dry up" +Job speaks of his friends being unfaithful to him as being like a "wadi" which is a stream that can suddenly dry up. Also, Job refers to his friends ironically here as his "brothers." AT: "But my friends are unfaithful to me. They are like a desert streambed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## which are darkened because of ice over them ## +# as channels of water that pass away to nothing -"which are dark like ice" +"like streams of water that dry up." Job continues speaking of his friends being unfaithful as if they were streams that dry up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## and because of the snow that hides itself in them ## +# which are darkened because of ice over them ... and because of the snow that hides itself in them -"and the snow hides in them" or "the snow disappears in them" +These two phrases have the same meaning. They describe how the streambed is full of ice and snow in the winter. AT: "which look dark in the winter because they are covered with ice and are full of melted snow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## When they thaw out, they vanish ## +# because of the snow that hides itself in them -"When they warm up, they disappear" +This speaks of the snow melting and the water going into the streambed as if the snow were hiding in the streambed. AT: "because the snow melts and goes into them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## when it is hot, they melt out of their place ## +# When they thaw out, they vanish ... when it is hot, they melt out of their place -"when it is hot, they dry up" \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases have the same meaning. They describe how the streambed dries up in the hot season. AT: "When it is hot, the ice melts and the streambeds dry up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/18.md b/job/06/18.md index 7652af3ab8..1ba375f7f5 100644 --- a/job/06/18.md +++ b/job/06/18.md @@ -1,35 +1,31 @@ -## The caravans that travel by their way turn aside for water ## +# Connecting Statement: -Job is continuing his description of his friends being as unreliable as streams that dry up. AT: "The paths of travelers change course looking for water" +Job is continuing his description of his friends being as unreliable as streams that dry up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The caravans ## +# The caravans that travel by their way turn aside for water -This phrase can also be translated as "the paths of caravans" or "the paths of travelers" or "travelers." +"The caravans turn aside from the routes to find water" or "The caravans change course looking for water" -## they wander into barren land and then perish ## +# The caravans -"they go nowhere and then die" +A caravan is a large group of travelers riding camels across the desert. -## Tema ## +# barren land -This is the name of a place. The people of that place used caravans to trade things with people from other lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"wasteland" or "empty land" -## while companies of Sheba hoped in them ## +# Tema ... Sheba -"while travelers from Sheba hoped for them" +These are the names of places. The people of these places used caravans to trade things with people from other lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Sheba ## +# while companies of Sheba -This is the name of a place. The people of that place used caravans to trade things with people from other lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"while caravans from Sheba" -## hoped in them ## +# hoped in them "hoped for them" or "put their hope in them" -## They were disappointed because they had been confident of finding water ## +# but they were deceived -"They were confused because they had trusted that they would find water" - -## but they were deceived ## - -AT: "but they were disappointed" or "but they were not satisfied" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but they were disappointed" or "but they were not satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/21.md b/job/06/21.md index 908148db31..4319c784e3 100644 --- a/job/06/21.md +++ b/job/06/21.md @@ -1,33 +1,27 @@ -In these verses, Job poses four questions to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he didn't ask for help from any of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# General Information: -## For now ## +In these verses, Job poses four questions to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he did not ask for help from any of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For now Job uses this phrase to introduce the main part of what he is saying. -## you friends are nothing to me ## +# you friends are nothing to me -"you do not act like my friends" +"you friends have not helped me at all" -## and are afraid ## +# are afraid -"and you are afraid that God might do similar things to you." (UDB) Here the UDB makes more explicit the implicit information that the friends are afraid of God punishing them. +This means that they see the trouble Job has and are afraid of being in the same situation. AT: "you are afraid that God might do similar things to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Did I say to you, ‘Give something to me’? ## +# Did I say to you, 'Give something to me?' Or, 'Offer me a gift from your wealth?' Or, 'Save me from my adversary's hand?' Or, 'Ransom me from the hand of my oppressors?' -AT: "I did not ask any of you for anything." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Job uses rhetorical questions to emphasize that he did not ask his friends to give him anything or to help him. AT: "I did ask you to give me money or a gift. Nor did I ask you to save me from my adversary or oppressors." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Offer me a gift from your wealth? ## +# Save me from my adversary's hand ... Ransom me from the hand of my oppressors -AT: "I did not ask you to give me money." or "I did not ask you to offer from your wealth a bride on my account." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Also, here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "Save me from my adversary or my oppressors" or "Save me from my adversary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Save me from my adversary’s hand? ## - -"My adversary's hand" is a metonym that stands for the power of someone who is strongly against Job. AT: "I never asked any of you to rescue me from my enemies" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Ransom me from the hand of my oppressors? ## - -"Hand of my oppressors" is a metonym that stands for the power of the men who are treating Job badly. AT: "I did not ask you to rescue me from those who treated me badly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Ransom me ## +# Ransom me "Rescue me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/24.md b/job/06/24.md index 206a0eb6ea..a4da89151a 100644 --- a/job/06/24.md +++ b/job/06/24.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Teach me ## +# Teach me ... make me -The verb "to teach" is in second person plural form.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +These verbs "teach" and "make" are second person plural and are spoken to his friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## and I will hold my peace ## +# I will hold my peace -"and I will be silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "I will be silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## make me understand ## +# How painful are truthful words! But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me? -This can be translated as "you make me understand." The verb is in second person plural form. +The exact meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some Bibles translate "How painful" as "How pleasant." AT: "When a person speaks the truth, it harms no one. But your arguments are not true, so how do they actually rebuke me?" -## How painful are truthful words ## +# But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me? -The ULB and the UDB have opposite meanings for this phrase. This is because possible meanings in the Hebrew are 1) The truthful words are painful to hear or 2) The words of a truthful person are not painful to hear. +Job is using this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that what they are saying does not apply to him. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Your reasons for rebuking me do not apply to me even though you sternly correct me." or "But your arguments against me are not true, so they do not actually rebuke me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me? ## +# your arguments -Job is using this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that what they are saying does not apply to him. AT: "Your reasons do not apply to me even though you sternly correct me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## your arguments ## - -"your reasons" or "your claims." "Your" is in second person plural form. \ No newline at end of file +"your reasons" or "your claims" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/26.md b/job/06/26.md index 8b90fe2bea..98179ab289 100644 --- a/job/06/26.md +++ b/job/06/26.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Do you plan to ignore my words, treating the words of a desperate man like the wind? ## +# Do you plan to ignore my words, treating the words of a desperate man like the wind? -Job uses this question to scold his friends. AT: "You ignore my words, and treat my words like they are nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Job uses this rhetorical question to scold his friends. He compares his words to the wind to explain that his friends act like his words are empty and useless. AT: "You ignore my words! I am a desperate man, and you treat my words as if they are as useless as the wind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Do you... ## +# Do you -"You" is in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +"You" is in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## treating the words of a desperate man like the wind ## +# you cast lots for a fatherless child -Job is comparing the hopeless words of a man desperate for help to the emptiness of the wind; both are useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"you would even gamble to win an orphan" -## you cast lots for a fatherless child ## +# you cast lots ... haggle over your friend -"you even gamble to win an orphan" +Here "you" and "your" are in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## you cast lots...and (you) haggle over your friend ## +# haggle over your friend like merchandise -Here "you" and "your" are in second person plural form. - -## and haggle over your friend like merchandise ## - -AT: "and dig a pit for your friend" \ No newline at end of file +This compares how the man would sell his friend to how a person sells merchandise or wares. AT: "bargain to sell your friend for money!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/28.md b/job/06/28.md index 0301bf15af..512760e213 100644 --- a/job/06/28.md +++ b/job/06/28.md @@ -1,43 +1,35 @@ -## Now ## +# Now This word is used by Job to introduce new information. -## please look ## +# please look -The verb "to look" is in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +The verb "to look" is in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## your face ## +# I would not lie to your face -"Your" is in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +The word "your" refers to Job's friends. Here his friends are represented by their faces to emphasize that they are looking at him. AT: "I would not lie to you while I am looking at you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Relent, I beg you ## +# Relent, I beg you -"Please be merciful to me" or "Please turn back" +"Please be merciful to me" or "Stop speaking like this, I beg you" -## Relent ## +# let there be no injustice with you -This verb is in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "treat me fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## let there be no injustice with you ## +# Indeed, relent, for my cause is just -"treat me fairly" +"Indeed, change the way you are treating me, for I am right in this" -## Indeed, relent, for my cause is just ## +# Is there evil on my tongue? -"Change the way you are treating me again; I am right in this" or "Change the way you are treating me; I am still right in this" +"Do I say wicked things?" Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he is not wicked. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "I do not say wicked things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## relent ## +# on my tongue -This verb is in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +Here Job's speech is represented by his "tongue." AT: "in my speech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Is there evil on my tongue? ## +# Cannot my mouth detect malicious things? -"Do I say wicked things?" Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he is not wicked. AT: "I do not say wicked things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Is there evil on my tongue? ## - -A tongue cannot physically have evil on it, so this is a metonym used to describe wicked speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## Cannot my mouth detect malicious things? ## - -Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he can tell the difference between right and wrong. AT: "I can tell the difference between good and bad." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he can tell the difference between right and wrong. Here Job refers to himself by his "mouth" to emphasize his speech. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "I know what is right to say and what is wrong to say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/06/intro.md b/job/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4f34cfe40f --- /dev/null +++ b/job/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Job 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's righteousness ##### +Despite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/01.md b/job/07/01.md index 27777a8480..8d28336a80 100644 --- a/job/07/01.md +++ b/job/07/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ -The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize that his personal suffering is part of the universal suffering which all people experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## Is there not hard labor for every person on earth? ## +The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize that his personal suffering is part of the universal suffering which all people experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Job poses this question to emphasize his awareness that all people experience suffering. AT: "Does not everyone have hard labor on earth?" or "Everyone has hard labor on earth" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Does not man have hard labor on earth? -## Are not his days like the days of a hired man? ## +Job poses this negative question to emphasize his awareness that all people experience hard work. It can be translated as a positive statement. AT: "There is hard labor for every person on earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Job poses this question to emphasize his awareness that all people struggle in life. AT: "And his days are like the days of a hired man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# on earth -## Like a slave ... like a hired man ## +This is a generalization that means for the time people are living on the earth. AT: "while he lives on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -Job compares himself (verse 3) to those who work hard have no relief (verse 2). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# Are not his days like the days of a hired man? -## the shadows of the evening ## +Job poses this negative question to emphasize his awareness that all people struggle in life. AT: "And their days are like the days of a hired man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -"shade" +# Like a slave ... like a hired man ... so I have been ... given trouble-filled nights -## a hired man ## +Job compares his misery and trouble to that of the slave and hired man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -This is a man who worked jobs one day at a time and was paid at the end of every day. "a day laborer" +# the shadows of evening -## so I have been made to endure months of misery; God has assigned me months of trouble-filled nights ## +"cool shade." The implied information is that the shadows of evening provide coolness and shade from the sun (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -filled nights** - "so I endure months of misery and trouble-filled nights" +# a hired man -## months of misery ## +"a day laborer." This is a man who worked jobs one day at a time and was paid at the end of every day. -"disastrous months" or "months of emptiness" \ No newline at end of file +# looks for his wages + +"waits for his pay" + +# so I have been made to endure months of misery; I have been given trouble-filled nights + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "so I endure months of misery; I get trouble-filled nights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# months of misery + +The abstract noun "misery" can be translated as the adjective "miserable." AT: "miserable months" or "empty months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/04.md b/job/07/04.md index 70b2741f4e..3e98cccee5 100644 --- a/job/07/04.md +++ b/job/07/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## When will I get up and when will the night be gone? ## +# When I lie down + +The implied information is that this is when Job would lie down to sleep at night. AT: "When I lie down to sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I say to myself + +Job poses a question to no one else in particular. AT: "I ask" or "I wonder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# When will I get up and when will the night be gone? Job poses this question to emphasize his intense suffering during the hours he should be sleeping. AT: "I wish I could get up, but night continues." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I am full of tossing to and fro​ ## +# tossing to and fro -This indicates that Job has moved in his bed all night without any rest. "I so tired of tossing and turning restlessly." +"turning back and forth." This indicates that Job has moved on his bed all night without any rest. -## clods of dust ## +# My flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust -lumps of dirt \ No newline at end of file +The worms and clods of dust are pictured as covering Job as if they were clothing. AT: "My flesh is covered with worms and clods of dust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My flesh + +This represents his whole body. AT: "My body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# clods of dust + +Possible meanings are 1) lumps or crusts of dirt or 2) scabs on the skin. + +# dissolve and run afresh + +"break out again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/06.md b/job/07/06.md index 8162bf63cf..3eae09d3ff 100644 --- a/job/07/06.md +++ b/job/07/06.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's sense of the shortness of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## My days are swifter than a weaver's shuttle ## +# My days are swifter than a weaver's shuttle -"My life goes by very quickly" +Job compares his lifetime to the quickness of a weaver's shuttle. AT: "My life goes by very quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## weaver ## +# weaver a person who makes cloth by crossing threads or yarn -## a weaver's shuttle ## +# a weaver's shuttle -a moving part that goes back and forth very fast in a machine or apparatus for making cloth +a moving part that carries thread or yarn back and forth quickly in a loom when making cloth -## they pass without hope ## +# call to mind -"they come to an end with absolutely no hope" +"remember." The phrase "call to mind" does not mean God forgot. Job is asking God to consider or think about the shortness of Job's life. -## God, call to mind ## +# my life is only a breath -The word "God" was added to this phrase because the people who heard "call to mind" would have understood that God was addressed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). +Job compares the shortness of his life to the shortness of a breath. AT: "my life is very short, like taking one breath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my life is only a breath ## +# my eye will no more see good -In this metaphor, Job compares the shortness of his life to the shortness of a breath. "My life is very short like taking one breath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). - -## my eye will no more see good ## - -"I will never again experience happiness." \ No newline at end of file +Here "my eye" represents Job's whole person and his ability to see or experience things. AT: "I will never again experience good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/08.md b/job/07/08.md index 0e61f32e59..cebb6b49d4 100644 --- a/job/07/08.md +++ b/job/07/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's thought that, after death, neither God nor the people he knew will see him again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## The eye of God, who sees me, will see me not more ## +# The eye of God, who sees me, will see me no more -The word "God" was added to this phrase because the context implies that Job is speaking with God. "The eye which sees me will see me no more." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). +Many versions of the Bible translate this as "The eye which sees me will see me no more." The words "of God" were added to this phrase because they are implied by the context. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## God's eyes will be on me, but I will not exist ## +# The eye of God, who sees me ... God's eyes will be on me -"Your eyes will be on me, but I will not exist." +Here God is represented by his "eye" to emphasize what he looks at. AT: "God who watches me ... God will look for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## As the cloud is consumed and vanishes away, so he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more ## +# As a cloud is consumed and vanishes away, so he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more -Job is describing death in terms of the vanishing clouds. "As the cloud vanishes, so he who dies disappears" or "Once you are in the grave, you cannot arise."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])) +Job is describing death as being like the clouds that disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## As a cloud is consumed ## +# As a cloud is consumed -"As a cloud fades away" \ No newline at end of file +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "As a cloud fades" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more + +"he who dies will not return" + +# his place + +The words "his place" represent those who live in his place. AT: "the people who live in his place" or "his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/11.md b/job/07/11.md index 0311abccd5..576f141f23 100644 --- a/job/07/11.md +++ b/job/07/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul ## +# I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul Job conveys a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the reason he will not remain silent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## I will not restrain my mouth ## +# I will not restrain my mouth -"I will not stop talking" +Here the mouth represents speech. AT: "I will not restrain my speech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the anguish of my spirit ## +# in the anguish of my spirit -"the torment of my spirit" or "the agony of my suffering" +"in the distress of my spirit" or "in the torment of my suffering." The abstract noun "anguish" can be translated using the adverb "distress." AT: "while my spirit is distressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the bitterness of my soul ## +# in the bitterness of my soul -"the resentment of my soul" +Here sorrow is spoken of as if it tasted bitter, and "soul" refers to the whole man. AT: "with anger and resentment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Am I the sea or a sea monster, that you place a guard over me? ## +# Am I the sea or a sea monster that you place a guard over me? -Job poses this question to express his anger at God. In comparing himself to the sea or a sea monster, Job suggests that God regards him as a hideous creature. "I am not the sea or a sea monster that needs a guard to watch it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job poses this question to express his anger at God. In comparing himself to the sea or a sea monster, Job suggests that God regards him as a hideous creature. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am not the sea or a sea monster that needs a guard to watch it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/13.md b/job/07/13.md index 5748c60caa..a65bc4c211 100644 --- a/job/07/13.md +++ b/job/07/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to use parallelism in the first two verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's intense suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## My bed will comfort me and my couch will ease my complaint ## +# My bed will comfort me, and my couch will ease my complaint -Here "bed" and "couch" are metonyms for "sleep." In lying down to sleep, Job would hope to be comforted. The metonyms also have human attributes; they have the ability to comfort and ease a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here "bed" and "couch" are metonyms for "sleep." In lying down to sleep, Job would hope to be comforted. The metonyms also have human attributes; they have the ability to comfort and ease a person. AT: "My bed, my couch, will be like someone who can comfort me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## You scare me ## +# My bed ... my couch -"You" refers to God to whom Job is making his complaint. +These phrases refer to the same thing. AT: "My bed ... my bed" -## strangling ## +# you scare me -killing a person by squeezing his throat and stopping his breathing +"you" here refers to God -## these bones of mine ## +# strangling -Here Job uses the word "bones" to refer to his body. AT: "This body of mine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). \ No newline at end of file +killing a person by squeezing the throat and stopping the breathing + +# these bones of mine + +Here Job uses the word "bones" to refer to his body. AT: "This body of mine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/16.md b/job/07/16.md index e2053bd710..0fe2ee5648 100644 --- a/job/07/16.md +++ b/job/07/16.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + The writer continues to use parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the impact of Job's misery on his sense of self worth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## I loathe my life ## +# I loathe my life "I despise my life" -## to always be alive ## +# to always be alive "to live forever" -## my days are useless ## +# my days are useless -"my days are pointless" or "my days are of no value" +"my days are pointless" or "the days of my life are empty" -## that you should pay attention to him ## +# What is man that ... every moment? -"that you should magnify him" +Job asks this question to emphasize that he wonders why God pays attention to people. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me what man is that ... every moment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## that you should set your mind on him ## +# set your mind on him -"that you should direct your attention to him" +Here the mind represents thoughts and attention. To "set your mind on" means to give attention to. AT: "direct your attention to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that you should observe him ## +# observe him -"that you should carefully inspect him" \ No newline at end of file +"carefully examine him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/19.md b/job/07/19.md index b140911988..5fd2209717 100644 --- a/job/07/19.md +++ b/job/07/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## How long will it be before you look away from me, before you let me alone long enough for me to swallow down my own saliva? ## +# How long will it be ... swallow down my own saliva? -Here Job conveys a single idea using two different rhetorical questions to emphasize his wish that God would stop watching him. "Look away from me! Leave me alone long enough for me to swallow my own saliva!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here Job conveys a single idea using two different rhetorical questions to emphasize his wish that God would stop watching him. AT: "Look away from me! Leave me alone long enough for me to swallow my own saliva!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Even if I have sinned, what would that do to you, you who watch men? ## +# saliva -Job poses this question to rebuke God. "Even if I have sinned, that would do nothing to you, who watches over people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +liquid produced in people's mouths that keeps the mouth moist and helps to swallow food -## Why have you made a target of me? ## +# Even if I have sinned ... burden for you? -"Why have you made me a target for yourself" \ No newline at end of file +Job poses these questions to argue against God treating him unfairly. AT: "Even if I have sinned, that would do nothing to you, as you watch over people. Tell me why you have made me your target, so that I am a burden for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/21.md b/job/07/21.md index 402a395d10..a353b36ebc 100644 --- a/job/07/21.md +++ b/job/07/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Why do you not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity? ## +# Why do you not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity? -Here Job uses two different clauses within a rhetorical question to emphasize his desire that God pardon his sin. He poses this question to rebuke God for making him suffer. AT: "Forgive my transgression and remove my iniquity." See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here Job uses two similar clauses within a rhetorical question to emphasize his point. Possible meanings are: 1) Job is asking why God does not forgive him. AT: "Tell me why you do not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity." or 2) Job is asking God why he cannot just overlook his supposed wrongdoings. AT: "Tell me why you do not just bear with my transgression and iniquity." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why do you not pardon my transgression ## - -"Why not pardon my transgression?" - -## take away ## +# take away "remove" -## I will lie down in the dust ## +# now will I lie down in the dust -The phrase "lie down in the dust" is a mild or polite way of saying "die." "I will die" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "lie down in the dust" is a metonym that represents dying. AT: "now I will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not exist + +"I will not be here" or "I will be gone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/07/intro.md b/job/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9d1c360227 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Job 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Eliphaz. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's righteousness ##### +Despite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/01.md b/job/08/01.md index e3fc7ca4e2..ba6e3dfbad 100644 --- a/job/08/01.md +++ b/job/08/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -In each verse of his speech, Bildad conveys a single idea using two different statements, first to rebuke Job and then to defend God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# Connecting Statement: -## Then Bildad the Shuhite answered ## +In this chapter, Bildad begins to speak about Job's complaints. -"Bildad" is the name of a man who is a member of the tribe of Shuah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## How long will the words of your mouth be a mighty wind? ## +Verses 2 and 3 each consist of two different questions that have the same meaning. Bildad uses these questions to rebuke Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Bildad poses this question to rebuke Job for complaining to God. In this metaphor, both Job's words and the wind are empty and insubstantial. AT: "The words of your mouth are a mighty wind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Then Bildad the Shuhite answered -## Does God pervert justice? Does the Almighty pervert righteousness? ## +"Bildad" is the name of a man who is a member of the tribe of Shuah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -Here the writer uses two parallel rhetorical questions, which Bildad poses to rebuke Job. AT: "God does not act unjustly; the Almighty does not fail to do what is right." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# How long will the words of your mouth be a mighty wind? + +Bildad speaks of Job's words as if they are as empty and insubstantial as the wind. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "The words of your mouth are as insignificant as a mighty wind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Does God pervert justice? Does the Almighty pervert righteousness? + +Here "God" and "the Almighty" both refer to Yahweh. These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "God does not act unjustly; the Almighty does not fail to do what is right." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# pervert + +"do what is against" or "do what is contrary to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/04.md b/job/08/04.md index ab707cc49c..22ce67427c 100644 --- a/job/08/04.md +++ b/job/08/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## for he has handed them over to their sins ## +# for he gave them into the hand of their sins -"it is because God has allowed the power of their sin to control them" or "he punished them with the consequences of their sins." +Here "hand" represents the power or results of sin. Bildad implies that God killed Job's children because of their sin. AT: "for God caused the consequences of your children's sins to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## But suppose you diligently sought God and presented your request to the Almighty ## +# But suppose you diligently sought God and presented your request to the Almighty -Here the writer expresses the single idea of seeking God in order to present his case using two steps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Bildad is saying what would have happened if Job had correctly spoken to God, but Bildad does not believe that Job really did this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# diligently sought God ... presented your request to the Almighty + +These two phrases both refer to Job asking God for help or pleading with God for mercy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# diligently sought God + +"earnestly asked God for help" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/06.md b/job/08/06.md index c379debaf8..cf6011dab3 100644 --- a/job/08/06.md +++ b/job/08/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Suppose that you were pure and upright ## +# General Information: -"If only you were pure and righteous" or "If your heart and actions were right" +Bildad says that God would treat Job well if he was pure, but Bildad does not believe that Job is pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## Even though your beginning was small, still your final condition would be much greater. ## +# If you are pure and upright -“Even though you were not very prosperous before, during the last part of your life you will become very wealthy.” \ No newline at end of file +"If only you were pure and righteous" or "If only you would obey God and do what is right" + +# stir himself on your behalf + +Here Yahweh is spoken of as if he woke from sleep to help Job. AT: "help you" or "do good things for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# restore you to your rightful place + +This refers to giving back to Job the things he lost, including his family, wealth, and honor. + +# Even though your beginning was small, still your final condition would be much greater + +Here lack of wealth is spoken of as being a "small beginning." AT: "Even if you were poor early in your life, God would make you very wealthy later in your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/08.md b/job/08/08.md index 6863bc002b..30e6ca9bce 100644 --- a/job/08/08.md +++ b/job/08/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the people's capacity to learn from their ancestors, given the brevity of life and the ancestors' willingness to impart teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## about the ages past ## +Bildad continues to use parallelism in each of these verses to emphasize that their ancestors agree with the things Bildad is telling Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"about earlier generations" +# give your attention to what our ancestors learned -## apply yourself to learn what our ancestors discovered ## +"study carefully what our ancestors discovered" or "consider the things our forefathers learned" -"study carefully what our ancestors discovered" or "consider what our forefathers discovered" +# our days on earth are a shadow -## our days on earth are a shadow ## +The shortness of life is spoken of as if it were a shadow which quickly disappears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -In this simile, life is compared to a shadow; both pass by quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# Will they not teach you and tell you? Will they not speak words from their hearts? -## Will they not teach you and tell you, Will they not speak words from their hearts? ## +Bildad uses these rhetorical questions to rebuke Job for not agreeing with Bildad and the ancestors. They can be translated as statements. AT: "They will teach you and tell you and speak what they sincerely believe." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Bildad poses this question to rebuke Job. AT: "They will teach you and tell you, and from their understanding bring forth words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# from their hearts + +Here the word "hearts" represents their inner beliefs. AT: "that they sincerely believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/11.md b/job/08/11.md index a4d74552bc..eaa0e5170f 100644 --- a/job/08/11.md +++ b/job/08/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Can papyrus grow without a marsh? Can reeds grow without water? ## +# General Information: -Bildad poses two rhetorical questions to emphasize his point made in [Job 8:8](./08.md): People need the teachings of their ancestors. AT: "Papyrus plants cannot grow away from the marshes. Reeds cannot grow without water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]). +It is unclear if verses 11-14 are the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of [Job 8:8-10](./08.md). -## wither ## +# Can papyrus grow without a marsh? Can reeds grow without water? + +Bildad uses these two parallel questions to emphasize the single point that people cannot live without God. Here the plants represent people and the water represents God. The questions can be translated as statements. AT: "Papyrus plants cannot grow away from the marshes. Reeds cannot grow without water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +# papyrus + +a tall reed-like plant that grows in shallow water + +# While they are still green and not cut down, they wither before any other plant + +It is implied that they wither when there is no water. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "Without water, they stop growing and wither faster than any other plant, even if no one cuts them down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# wither "dry up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/13.md b/job/08/13.md index 493eef20ce..d6f83d679a 100644 --- a/job/08/13.md +++ b/job/08/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -15, the writer uses parallelism, conveying a single idea with two different statements to emphasize the destruction of those who do not build their lives on the teachings of their ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## So also are the paths of all who forget God ## +It is unclear if verses 11-14 are the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of [Job 8:8-10](./08.md). -"Walking a path" is a common idiom that refers to a person's life and its direction. It often refers to whether people are following God's way or their own. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# General Information: -## those whose trust is as fragile as a spider's web ## +In verses 14-18, the pronouns "he" and "his" refer to the godless person who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns "they" and "their." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -Here Bildad compares the lives of the godless to a spider's web; the slightest force will break both. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# So also are the paths of all who forget God -## he will hold on to it ## +Here "the paths" represents a person's future and the events that will happen to them. AT: "The same thing will happen to everyone who forgets God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"he will try to keep it together" or "he will try to support it" \ No newline at end of file +# the hope of the godless will perish + +"the things the godless person desires will not happen" + +# His confidence will break apart ... his trust is as weak as a spider's web + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the godless person is trusting in something that cannot save him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his trust is as weak as a spider's web + +Here Bildad compares the trust of the godless person to a spider's web; the slightest force will break both. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# He leans on his house, but it will not support him; he takes hold of it, but it does not stand + +This statement probably refers to a man relying on his property and wealth for security. If so, then "house" here represents the owner's property and wealth. AT: "He thinks he will be safe because he is wealthy, but he will not be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will not support him + +This negative statement emphasizes the opposite. It can be stated in positive form. AT: "he will fall down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# it does not stand + +This negative statement emphasizes the opposite. It can be stated in positive form. AT: "it will fall down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/16.md b/job/08/16.md index 4d33505fe9..b58fb7924c 100644 --- a/job/08/16.md +++ b/job/08/16.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -17, the writer continues to use parallelism, conveying a single idea using two different statements to picture the stony, temporary foundation of the godless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## Under the sun he is green, and his shoots go out over his entire garden ## +Here pronouns "he" and "his" refer to the godless person who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns "they" and "their." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -Here Bildad compares the godless to plants that flourish in the daytime; both initially look alive, fresh, and healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Under the sun he is green, and his shoots go out over his entire garden -## His roots are wrapped about the heaps of stone ## +Here Bildad compares the godless person to a plant that is healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The godless person's roots cling not to fertile soil but to rocks. Rocky ground cannot help plants grow. This person's roots will soon die. "His roots cling to rocky ground." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Under the sun he is green -## they look for good places among the rocks ## +The meaning of the Hebrew text is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) he is healthy during the day or 2) he is watered before the sun rises. -The word "they" refers to the godless person's roots. "they look for fertile ground among the rocks" or "they look for rich soil among the rocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# His roots are wrapped about the heaps of stone ... they look for good places among the rocks -## if this person is destroyed out of his place, then that place will deny him and say, 'I never saw you' ## +These two phrases have similar meaning, but the meaning is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) he appears to be well-rooted in the rocks, taking advantage of every opening or 2) his roots cannot find fertile ground and must try to find nutrients among the rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The godless person is compared to a plant which, when removed from its rocky foundation, is unrecognizable elsewhere because it cannot flourish in any fertile place. "If he is uprooted from his place, it will disown him saying,'I have never seen you.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# if this person is destroyed out of his place -## that place will deny him and say ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if someone pulls him out of his place" or "if a gardener tears him out of the garden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -The human ability to deny and to speak is applied to the rocky ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])) +# his place -## his place ## +"the rocky ground" or "the garden" -"the rocky ground" \ No newline at end of file +# that place will deny him and say, 'I never saw you.' + +The garden is spoken of as if it had human ability to speak. The garden immediately forgets that he existed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/19.md b/job/08/19.md index 73ea7d5f74..87b3f319ab 100644 --- a/job/08/19.md +++ b/job/08/19.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## 'joy' ## +# this is the "joy" of such a person's behavior -the reward, the result of a person's evil behavior that Bildad scornfully voices as 'joy.' (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +Bildad is speaking with irony to express that there is not any real joy for the godless person. AT: "this is all the joy they will receive from their godless actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## behavior ## +# other plants will sprout out of the same soil in his place -"actions" or "way of life" +Bildad continues the metaphor from [Job 08:16-18](./16.md). Other godless people are spoken of as plants who take the place of the first godless man when he dies. AT: "when one wicked man dies, another will take his place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## other plants will sprout up from the same soil in his place ## - -Here the writer continues the metaphor from [Job 8:16](./16.md). Godless people are compared to plants that take the place of the first ones that grow among rocks. AT: "When one wicked man dies, another will take his place" or "From the soil, another will grow." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## sprout up ## +# sprout "grow" -## same soil ## +# the same soil -"the rocky ground" +"the rocky ground" or "the garden" -## in his place ## +# in his place "in the place of the godless man" -## neither will he take the hand of evildoers ## +# God will not cast away an innocent man -"Hand" represents the whole person. "he will not support evildoers" or "he will not strengthen evildoers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "God will accept an innocent man" + +# neither will he take the hand of evildoers + +Here "take the hand" refers to help or support. AT: "God will not support people who do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/21.md b/job/08/21.md index a27669d2cd..650fd85123 100644 --- a/job/08/21.md +++ b/job/08/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## He will yet fill your mouth with laughter, your lips with shouting ## +# He will yet fill your mouth with laughter, your lips with shouting -Bildad continues speaking to Job. The word "he" refers to God, and "your" refers to Job. The writer conveys a single idea using two different statements to convey the joy that Job will experience. "God will make you happy again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how happy Job would be if he were innocent. The word "he" refers to God and "your" refers to Job. AT: "God will make you very happy again if you are innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## your lips with shouting ## +# fill your mouth with laughter -The complete meaning of this phrase can be understood from the beginning of the sentence. "God will fill your lips with shouts of joy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +God causing Job to laugh is spoken of as if God had poured laughter into Job's mouth. AT: "cause you to continually laugh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Those who hate you will be clothed with shame; the tent of the wicked will be no more ## +# your lips with shouting -"The godless will be filled with shame; the wicked will cease to exist." +The verb "fill" is understood from the previous clause. God causing him to shout for joy is spoken of as if God had poured joy into Job's mouth. AT: "God will cause you to shout for joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will be no more ## +# Those who hate you will be clothed with shame -"will not last" or "will come to nothing" \ No newline at end of file +Here "shame" is spoken of as if it were clothing that God will cause Job's enemies to wear. This means they will be very ashamed. AT: "God will cause those who hate you to be very ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the tent of the wicked will be no more + +Here "tent" refers to the homes of the wicked. AT: "the houses of the wicked will be destroyed" + +# will be no more + +"will not last" or "will be destroyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/08/intro.md b/job/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..814a1ee3d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Bildad. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Bildad's advice ##### +Bildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Bildad uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Bildad's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/01.md b/job/09/01.md index 7d1fa15781..9517647b28 100644 --- a/job/09/01.md +++ b/job/09/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## I truly know that this is so ## +# I truly know that this is so -Here the word "this" refers to Bildad's description. +"I know that what you say is true" -## But how can a person be in the right with God? ## +# this is so -"How can anyone win an argument with God?" +Here the word "this" refers to what Bildad said. -## If he wants to argue with God, he cannot answer Him once in a thousand times ## +# how can a person be in the right with God? -"If anyone wants to argue with God, he would be unable to answer even one of God's questions." +"how can anyone be innocent before God?" -## to argue ## +# argue -"to dispute" \ No newline at end of file +"dispute" + +# he cannot answer him once in a thousand times + +"Once in a thousand times" is an idiom that means "at all." Possible meanings are 1) "he cannot give any answer to God" or 2) "God will not answer him at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a thousand times + +"1,000 times" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/04.md b/job/09/04.md index 00cbae038f..c6284d85d7 100644 --- a/job/09/04.md +++ b/job/09/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## God is wise in heart ## +# wise in heart -"God is wise at his very core" +Here the heart represents the inner being or thoughts. AT: "wise in what he decides" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## who has hardened himself against him ## +# mighty in strength -“who has challenged God" +The abstract noun "strength" can be expressed as the adjective "strong." AT: "mighty in how strong he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## he who removes the mountains without warning anyone ## +# who has ever hardened himself against him and succeeded? -"he removes the mountains" +This is a rhetorical question that expects an answer of "No one." It can be reworded as a statement. AT: "no one has ever hardened himself against him and succeeded." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## when he overturns them ## +# hardened himself against him -"when he overthrows them" +To harden oneself means to be stubborn. AT: "resisted him" or "defied him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## he who shakes the earth ## +# he who removes the mountains -"he shakes the earth" +"God removes the mountains" -## its supports ## +# in his anger -"its foundations" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "anger" can be expressed as the adjective "angry." AT: "because he is angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he who shakes the earth + +"God shakes the earth" + +# sets its supports trembling + +"makes its foundations tremble" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/07.md b/job/09/07.md index 07d1c8093b..aca216873d 100644 --- a/job/09/07.md +++ b/job/09/07.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## It is the same God who tells the sun not to rise, and it does not ## +# who covers up the stars -"It is the same God who commands the sun and could keep it from rising if he wanted to" or "He is the one who speaks to the sun and it does not rise" +"who blocks the stars from view" -## who covers up the stars ## +# who by himself stretches out the heavens -"who has control over the stars" or "who blocks the stars from view" +God is spoken of as creating the heavens without any help, as if the heavens were fabric that he stretches out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who by himself stretches out the heavens ## +# tramples down the waves of the sea -This is a figurative description of how the skies range from one horizon to the other. "who alone stretches out the heavens" +God is spoken of as calming the sea as if with his feet. AT: "puts his feet down on the waves of the sea" or "calms the waves of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who tramples down and subdues the waves of the sea ## +# the Bear, Orion, the Pleiades -This is a reference to the creation story in which God controls the chaotic sea. "who marches on the waves of the sea" or "who calms the waves of the sea" +These are the names of constellations, which are groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## who makes the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades ## +# Orion -These refer to constellations, groups of stars picturing individuals and objects. +a famous hunter in Greek mythology -## Orion ## +# Pleiades -a group of stars picturing a famous hunter in Greek mythology +several bright stars that look like they are close together in the sky -## Pleiades ## +# constellations -a group of stars picturing seven sisters \ No newline at end of file +groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/10.md b/job/09/10.md index 4f161e8bbe..03a46d3582 100644 --- a/job/09/10.md +++ b/job/09/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using double statements to emphasize that God is mighty, unseen, and beyond grasp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## It is the same God who does great things, incomprehensible things ## +The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using double statements to emphasize that God is great, unseen, and sovereign. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"He does unsearchably great things" or "He does things so great that no one can search them" +# unsearchable things -## Indeed, marvelous things without number ## +"things that cannot be understood" -"marvelous things that cannot be counted" +# See -## he passes on also, but I do not perceive him ## +"Look" or "Pay attention" -"God moves by, but I do not realize it." +# he passes on -## If he catches a victim ## +"he passes by" or "he moves on" -"If he tears someone away" or "If he snatches someone away" \ No newline at end of file +# If he takes something away, who can stop him? Who can say to him, 'What are you doing? + +These are rhetorical questions that expect an answer of "No one." They can be reworded as statements. AT: "If he takes something away, no one can stop him. No one can ask him, 'What are you doing?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If he takes something away + +"If he takes someone away" or "If he wants to snatch something away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/13.md b/job/09/13.md index af223326d4..65253f3349 100644 --- a/job/09/13.md +++ b/job/09/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the helpers of Rahab ## +# the helpers of Rahab bow beneath him -"Rahab" seems to be a powerful force of evil or a sea creature. +Here "bow beneath him" symbolizes submission or defeat. AT: "he crushes the helpers of Rahab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## How much less could I answer him, could I choose words to reason with him? ## +# Rahab -Job poses parallel questions to emphasize his reluctance to confront God. AT: "What could I say to answer or even question him?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "Rahab" here refers to a monster of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# How much less could I answer him, could I choose words to reason with him? + +Job poses two similar questions to emphasize his reluctance to confront God. They can be reworded as a statement. AT: "So I certainly could not answer him or choose words to reason with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/16.md b/job/09/16.md index 18db9f1e05..93a89c03d0 100644 --- a/job/09/16.md +++ b/job/09/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## For he breaks me with a tempest ## +# For he breaks me with a tempest -Job compares his troubles to a tempest or storm or storm wind. Just as a tempest can destroy things and people, the troubles God sends are destroying Job. "He attacks me with a storm" or "He crushes me with a tempest." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Job compares his troubles from God to the effects of a tempest. AT: "He injures me as if with a tempest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and multiples my wounds without cause ## +# tempest -"and gives me many wounds for no reason" +a powerful or violent storm -## He does not even allow me to catch my breath ## +# multiplies my wounds -"He does not allow me to breathe a breath" or "He does not give me relief from pain" +"gives me many wounds" or "wounds me again and again" -## he fills me with bitterness ## +# without cause -"he fills me with misery" \ No newline at end of file +"even though I have not given him cause to do so" or "even though I am innocent" + +# to regain my breath + +This is an idiom that means "to be able to breathe again" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he fills me with bitterness + +This verse pictures God as filling up Job's life with things that make him bitter. The abstract noun "bitterness" can be expressed as the adjective "bitter." AT: "he fills me up with bitter things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/19.md b/job/09/19.md index 65723f22ba..a54021f7a2 100644 --- a/job/09/19.md +++ b/job/09/19.md @@ -1,39 +1,39 @@ -## why, he is mighty ## +# If it is a matter of strength -"behold, he is powerful" +"If there is a contest of strength" -## why ## +# behold -This is used to introduce new information that follows with emphasis. +"look" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## And if we speak of justice ## +# he is mighty -"and if we speak of acting fairly" +"he is the strong one" -## ‘Who,’ he says, ‘will question me?’ ## +# who can summon him? -Job uses this question to emphasize that he has nobody to stand up for him against God. AT: "Nobody will stand up for me." (See: Rhetorical Question) +This question expects an answer of "No one" to make the point that no one is able to bring God to court. This can be reworded as a statement. AT: "no one can summon him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## ‘Who,’ he says, ‘will question me?’ ## +# Though I am in the right, my own mouth would condemn me; and though I am blameless, my words would prove me to be guilty -"Who shall call an assembly for me?" or "Who will appoint a time for me?" +This verse expresses the same idea twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Even if I were righteous ## +# Though I am in the right -"Even if I was innocent" +Here "I am in the right" means I am the one who has done right things. AT: "Although I have done right things" or "Even though I am innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## my own mouth would condemn me ## +# my own mouth would condemn me -Job says that his own efforts to prove his innocence would be acting wrongly before God. AT: "my own words would accuse me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "mouth" represents Job's words. AT: "my own words would accuse me" or "what I say would condemn me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## even if I were perfect ## +# blameless -"even if I was faultless" +"faultless" -## it would still prove me guilty ## +# my words would prove me to be guilty -Possible meanings are 1) Job's mouth will declare that Job is wrong or 2) God will declare that Job is wrong AT: "my mouth will say that I am wrong" or "God will say that I am wrong" +Here "my words" are spoken of as if they could take action. AT: "God would use what I say to prove me guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## guilty ## +# guilty -"dishonest" or "crooked" \ No newline at end of file +The word here has the meaning of "twisted" or "crooked." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/21.md b/job/09/21.md deleted file mode 100644 index 532283026c..0000000000 --- a/job/09/21.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ -## I am perfect ## - -"I am faultless" - -## It makes no difference, which is why I say that he destroys the perfect and the wicked together ## - -"It makes no difference whether you are good or bad" - -## he destroys the perfect and the wicked together ## - -"he kills both the good people and the bad people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) - -## If a plague should suddenly kill ## - -AT: "If an attack should suddenly kill people" - -## plague ## - -AT: "military attack" or "general disaster" - -## he would laugh at the afflictions of the innocent ## - -"God would laugh at the troubles of those who have not done anything wrong" - -## The earth is given into the hand of the wicked ## - -"God gives everybody in the earth into the control of bad people" - -## The earth is given into ## - -This passive clause can be translated as an active clause: AT: "God gives the earth..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## The earth ## - -This is a figure of speech where "the earth" is used to mean all the people on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## into the hand of the wicked ## - -This metonym is used to describe the power of the bad people. "into the control of bad people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## God covers the faces of its judges ## - -This idiom describes how God is making the judges of the earth blind to the difference between right and wrong. AT: "God makes the judges of the earth blind [to the difference between right and wrong]" - -## If it is not God who has done that, who has done it? ## - -"If God does not do this, then who does?" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/25.md b/job/09/25.md index 1c2c1fcd22..c05f9f4af3 100644 --- a/job/09/25.md +++ b/job/09/25.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## My days are swifter than a running messenger ## +# My days are swifter than a running messenger -This phrase describes the days as being able to run like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to a fast runner. AT: "My days pass swiftly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## running messenger ## +# running messenger "runner" or "running man" -## my days flee away; they see no good anywhere ## +# my days flee away -See above. Also, the second part of this clause describes the days as being able to see like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This pictures the days of Job's life as being able to run away like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## they see no good anywhere ## +# they see no good anywhere -"and nothing good ever happens to me" (UDB) +This pictures the days of Job's life as being able to see like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## They are as fast as papyrus reed boats ## +# no good -Job compared the speed of the days passing by to the speed of fast boats. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"no good thing" -## They are as fast as ## +# They are as fast as papyrus reed boats -"They pass quickly by like" +Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to the speed of fast boats. AT: "They pass quickly by like papyrus reed boats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## papyrus reed boats ## +# papyrus reed boats -Papyrus reed is a hollow grass that grows along the banks of rivers. "boats made out of reed" +"boats made out of reeds." Papyrus reed is a hollow grass that grows along the banks of rivers. -## and as fast as the eagle that swoops down on its victim ## +# as fast as the eagle that swoops down on its victim -"and as the eagle that flies down quickly to catch its food" +Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to a large bird diving toward its prey. AT: "as fast as the eagle that flies down quickly to catch its food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## the eagle ## +# swoops down -Possible meanings are 1)eagle or 2) vulture \ No newline at end of file +"rushes down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/27.md b/job/09/27.md index edd7102ca9..fb23049643 100644 --- a/job/09/27.md +++ b/job/09/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## my complaints ## +# I would forget about my complaints -This phrase can be made explicit. "my complaints against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The abstract noun "complaint" can be translated as the verb "complain." AT: "I would stop complaining" or "I would stop complaining against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## I would take off my sad face and be happy ## +# my complaints -"I would stop looking unhappy and smile" +The implied information can be added. AT: "my complaints against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I would be afraid of all my sorrows ## +# I would take off my sad face and be happy -Possible meanings are 1) Job is referring to his hurts 2) Job is referring to the complaints he has made against God, and is afraid that his complaining means that God will punish him. AT: "I would be scared of my troubles" or "I am scared of the bad things I have said against God" +Job's sad face is spoken of here as if it was something that could be removed. AT: "I would stop looking unhappy and smile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will be condemned ## +# I would be afraid of all my sorrows -"I will be falsely accused and punished" +Verses 28 and 29 express the consequences if Job does what he says in verse 27. This can be expressed by adding the word "then." AT: "Then I would be afraid of all my sorrows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## why, then, should I try in vain? ## +# of all my sorrows -Job uses this question to emphasize that he does not think it is of any use trying to get God's attention AT: "It is no use working to get God's attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "sorrows" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "of everything that hurts me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will be condemned + +"I will be accused and punished." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will condemn me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# why, then, should I try in vain? + +Job uses this question to emphasize that he does not think it is of any use trying to get God's attention. The implied information about what Job is trying can be made explicit. AT: "It is of no use to try to get God's attention." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/30.md b/job/09/30.md index 190de8951f..9fca6bf148 100644 --- a/job/09/30.md +++ b/job/09/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## If I washed myself with snow water ## +# If I washed myself with snow water -"If I bathed in pure, clean water" +"If I bathed my body in pure, clean water" -## and made my hands ever so clean ## +# snow water -AT: "and cleaned my hands with soap" +the water that comes from melted snow -## would plunge me in a ditch ## +# snow -"would throw me into a pit" +white flakes of frozen water that fall from clouds in places where the air temperature is cold -## and my own clothes would be disgusted with me ## +# made my hands ever so clean -Job's clothing is being described here with human-like characteristics. AT: "I would be too dirty for my clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +"made my hands exceedingly clean." Some other versions of the Bible translate this with the meaning of "cleaned my hands with very strong soap." + +# plunge me in a ditch + +"throw me into a pit" + +# my own clothes would be disgusted with me + +Job's clothing is spoken of as if it would have a negative response to Job after God plunged him into a ditch. AT: "I would be too filthy for my own clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/32.md b/job/09/32.md index 4d58472b94..506e4a89a7 100644 --- a/job/09/32.md +++ b/job/09/32.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## For God is not a man, like me ## +# answer him -AT: "God and I are not equals," +The implied information can be added. AT: "answer his charges against me" or "defend myself" or "argue my innocence with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## answer him ## +# come together in court -AT: "defend myself," or "argue my innocence with God," +"come together to trial." Here "court" is a place where people can come and a judge will settle disputes. "Coming together in court" is a metonym for going against each other in a court of law. AT: "confront each other before a judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## court ## +# There is no judge between us -This is a place where people can come and settle any disputes before a judge. +This means there is no judge who is greater than God who could decide what is right between him and Job. -## There is no judge between us ## +# lay his hand upon us both -AT: "There is no one greater than God who can judge between us" - -## who might lay his hand upon us both ## - -The words "lay his hand upon" mean "punish" or "destroy." AT: "who might punish us both." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "lay his hand upon" means having power or authority over. AT: "take hold of both of us" or "have authority over both of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/34.md b/job/09/34.md index 795a92046e..6d037c6f78 100644 --- a/job/09/34.md +++ b/job/09/34.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## There is no other judge ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "There is no one greater than God" or "There is no one who can tell God what to do" +These verses continue the previous argument that no one is greater than God who could act as a judge between God and Job. -## God's rod ## +# take God's rod off me -This refers to punishment or correction given by God. AT: "punishment from God" or "God's discipline" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "God's rod" is a metonym for God punishing or correcting Job. AT: "stop God from punishing me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## his terror ## +# keep his terror from frightening me -This is a reference to the terrible suffering and dread that Job has felt so far. +The abstract noun "terror" can be translated as the verb "terrify." AT: "keep him from terrifying and frightening me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Then would I speak up ## +# Then would I speak up -AT: "Then I would defend myself" or "Then I would say that I am innocent" +"Then I would speak" -## as things are now ## +# as things are now -AT: "because these things are true," or "because this is my situation," \ No newline at end of file +"because this is how things are now" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/09/intro.md b/job/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0db7827906 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Job 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +== Job's righteousness and Yahweh's power== +Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Job does not think that he can make a claim against Yahweh because only God is perfectly wise and just. Yahweh is truly powerful and Job understands this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express himself or to describe Yahweh's power. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Bildad that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/01.md b/job/10/01.md index fe1546c693..8e65621723 100644 --- a/job/10/01.md +++ b/job/10/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## I am weary of my life ## +# I am weary of my life -AT: "I am tired of living;" or "I hate my life;" +"I am tired of living" -## I will give free expression of my complaint ## +# I will give free expression to my complaint -AT: "I will not hold back my complaint any longer;" or "I will tell God exactly how I feel he has wronged me;" +The abstract nouns "expression" and "complaint" can be translated as the verbs "express" and "complain." AT: "I will freely express what I have to complain about" or "I will argue freely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## I will speak in the bitterness of my soul ## +# I will speak in the bitterness of my soul -AT: "I will speak out of the agony that I feel," or "I will speak because of the pain I have felt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +How Job feels is compared to a bitter taste. The abstract noun "bitterness" can be translated as the adverb "bitterly." AT: "My inner being will speak bitterly" or "I will bitterly speak out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Is it good to you that you should oppress me, to despise the work of your hands ## +# Is it good to you that you should oppress me, to despise the work of your hands while you smile on the plans of the wicked? -This question expects a "no" answer and can be changed into a statement. AT: "It is not good that you should oppress me, that you should reject the work of your hands!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question expects a "no" answer and can be changed into a statement. AT: "It is not good that you should oppress me, that you should despise the work of your hands, while you smile on the plans of the wicked." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## while you smile on the plans of the wicked? ## +# the work of your hands -The second part of the previous question can also be changed into a statement. AT: "... while you smile on the plans of the wicked." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here God is represented by his "hands." AT: "what you have created" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# smile on the plans of the wicked + +Here the idiom "smiling on" represents God's approval. AT: "approve the plans of the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/04.md b/job/10/04.md index 4b0f1631a3..d91d8dfc07 100644 --- a/job/10/04.md +++ b/job/10/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Do you have eyes of flesh? Do you see like a man sees? ## +# Do you have eyes of flesh? Do you see like a man sees? -Job says the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two questions have nearly the same meaning. These questions expect a negative answer to emphasize that God does not see or understand things the same way a man does. They can be expressed as statements. AT: "You do not have eyes of flesh, and you do not see like a man sees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do you have eyes of flesh? ## +# Are your days like the days of mankind or your years like the years of people ... and there is no one who can rescue me from your hand? -AT: "You do not have eyes like a man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question expects a negative answer to emphasize that God is eternal and man's days are limited. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "Your days are not like the days of mankind and your years are not like the years of people ... and there is no one who can rescue me from your hand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do you see like a man sees? ## +# your days like the days of mankind ... your years like the years of people -AT: "Your understanding is greater than our own." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These two phrases have nearly the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Are your days like the days of mankind ... your years like the years of people ## +# your days -Both of these lines have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"the number of your days" -## that you inquire after my iniquity ... search after my sin ## +# your years -Both of these lines have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"the number of your years" -## from your hand ## +# inquire after my iniquity ... search after my sin -AT: "from your power." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases have nearly the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# inquire after + +"seek after" + +# from your hand + +Here "your hand" represents God's power. AT: "from your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/08.md b/job/10/08.md index dd2d4e5c73..3931ecc6ea 100644 --- a/job/10/08.md +++ b/job/10/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Job is using an extended metaphor of a potter forming clay to describe his relationship with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Your hands -## Your hands ## +Here "hands" represent God and his creative action. AT: "You" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "You" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# Your hands have framed and fashioned me together round about -## framed and fashioned ## +Job is using a metaphor of a potter forming clay to describe how God carefully created him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -These two words are being used together to express one idea. AT: "created me and shaped my body," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +# framed and fashioned me -## will you bring me into dust again? ## +"shaped and formed me." The words "framed" and "fashioned" are similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -AT: "will you turn me back into dust again?" \ No newline at end of file +# Call to mind + +"Remember" + +# bring me into dust again + +"turn me back into dust again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/10.md b/job/10/10.md index bbbd47d0b4..4b2611d625 100644 --- a/job/10/10.md +++ b/job/10/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Have you not poured me out like milk and curdled me like cheese? ## +# General Information: -This is a question that expects a positive answer. It describes a baby being formed in the womb. AT: "You formed me in the womb just as poured milk becomes cheese." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +In these verses, Job uses the language of poetry to describe how God formed him in the womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) -## You ## +# Have you not poured me out like milk and curdled me like cheese? -This word refers to God. +This is a question that expects a positive answer. AT: "You poured me out like milk and curdled me like cheese." or "You formed me in the womb like poured milk becomes cheese." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## me ## +# you -This word refers to Job. +Here "you" refers to God. -## You have clothed me with skin and flesh ## +# me -Job uses the language of poetry to further describe how God has created him. AT: "You created my physical body" +Here "me" refers to Job. -## knit me together ## +# You have clothed me with skin and flesh -AT: "wove me together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +God putting skin and flesh on Job's body is spoken of as if God was putting clothing on him. AT: "You have put skin and flesh on my body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## sinews ## +# knit me together -This word refers to the ligaments or bands that hold the bones together. \ No newline at end of file +"wove me together." God putting Job's body together in the womb is spoken of as if God was knitting or weaving a piece of cloth. AT: "put me together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sinews + +"tendons." These are the parts of the body that connect muscles to bones or other body parts and are like tough, white bands or cords. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/12.md b/job/10/12.md index 2118934fb0..df4c8d8681 100644 --- a/job/10/12.md +++ b/job/10/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## covenant faithfulness ## +# You have granted me life and covenant faithfulness -"love that never ends;" +The abstract nouns "life" and "faithfulness" can be stated as "live" and "faithful." AT: "You have been faithful to your covenant and allowed me to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## your help ## +# your help "your care" -## you hid in your heart ## +# guarded my spirit -"you kept this a secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here Job is represented by his "spirit." AT: "guarded me" or "watched carefully over me" or "kept me safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## that if I sinned, you would notice it ## +# these things you hid in your heart -"if I sinned, you would see it;" +Here "these things" refer to the things spoken of in the verses that follow. -## you would not acquit me of my iniquity ## +# these things you hid in your heart -"you would not allow me to go unpunished." or "you would not overlook my sin." \ No newline at end of file +Here "you hid in your heart" means God kept them secret or hidden. AT: "these things you kept secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you would notice it + +"you would watch me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/15.md b/job/10/15.md index 1138f5bd71..53738b7c65 100644 --- a/job/10/15.md +++ b/job/10/15.md @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ -## if I am wicked ## +# If I am wicked -"if I am guilty" or "if I do evil" +"If I am guilty" or "If I do evil things" -## even if I were righteous ## +# woe to me -"if I am innocent" +"how terrible will it be for me" -## I could not lift up my head ## +# even if I were righteous -"I still must bow my head and feel ashamed" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +"even if I always did things rightly" -## since I am filled with disgrace ## +# lift up my head -The word "disgrace" refers to Job's shame. AT: "Since I am ashamed" +This idiom means to be sure or confident. AT: "hold my head up" or "be confident" or "be sure about myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and am looking at my own suffering ## +# I am filled with disgrace -AT: "and feel miserable." (UDB) +The abstract noun "disgrace" can be translated using the adjective "disgraced." AT: "I am filled up with being disgraced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## if my head lifts itself, you hunt me down like a lion ## +# disgrace -AT: "if I become proud, you hunt me like a lion hunts its prey;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"shame" -## show yourself powerful ## +# am looking at my own suffering -"show your marvelous power" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "suffering" can be translated using the verb "suffer." AT: "am looking at how I suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# and am looking + +The understood subject may be supplied. AT: "and I am looking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# If my head lifts itself + +This idiom means to become self-confident or proud. AT: "If I become proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# you hunt me down like a lion + +Possible meanings of this simile are 1) God hunts Job like a lion hunts its prey or 2) Job is like a lion being hunted by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# once again you show yourself powerful to me + +This phrase expresses irony in how God's marvelous power is displayed in how he goes against Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/17.md b/job/10/17.md index 5f92baea6c..7f2744fac1 100644 --- a/job/10/17.md +++ b/job/10/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## bring new witnesses ## +# You bring new witnesses against me -AT: "keep on bringing more people to say that I have done something wrong" +Job's troubles from God are spoken of as if they were people who were witnesses against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you attack me with fresh armies ## +# increase your anger against me -AT: I feel like I am always being attacked by fresh armies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "anger" can be translated as the adjective "angry." AT: "are more and more angry with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you attack me with fresh armies + +God sending troubles against Job is spoken of as if God was constantly sending new armies against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/18.md b/job/10/18.md index 771a7f4e2b..f47ad6f083 100644 --- a/job/10/18.md +++ b/job/10/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Why then have you brought me out of the womb? ## +# brought me out of the womb -AT: "You should not have allowed me to be born!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here being brought out of the womb represents being born into this world. AT: "brought me out of my mother's womb" or "brought me into this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I wish I had given up my spirit ## +# given up my spirit -AT: "I wish that I had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Giving up one's spirit represents dying. AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that no eye had seen me ## +# and that no eye had ever seen me -Job uses "eye" here to refer to the whole person. He wishes he could have died at birth, before anyone saw him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job uses "eye" here to refer to the whole person. He wishes he could have died at birth, before anyone saw him. AT: "before any person had ever seen me" or "before I was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# existed + +"lived" + +# I would have been carried + +"My body would have been carried" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/20.md b/job/10/20.md index 44d67b7a8d..acee89e6d7 100644 --- a/job/10/20.md +++ b/job/10/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Are not my days only a few ## +# Are not my days only a few? -AT: "I only have a few days left to live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "my days" represent the length of Job's life. This question expects a positive answer, to emphasize that Job only expects to live a few more days. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "I only have a few days left to live." or "My life will soon end." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## before I go from where I will not return ## +# the land -AT: "before I die," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Here the place where the spirits of dead people go is spoken of as if it was a land. AT: "the place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to the land of darkness ... of the shadow of death ## +# of darkness and of the shadow of death -These two phrases have the same meaning. AT: "to the land of deep darkness," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The phrase "shadow of death" intensifies the idea of "darkness." Both phrases describe where the spirits of dead people go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## land that is as dark as midnight ## +# the shadow of death -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +See how you translated this in [Job 3:5](../03/04.md). -## without any order ## +# as dark as midnight -AT: "full of confusion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +The darkness of the place where the spirits of dead people go is compared to the darkness of midnight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## where the light is like midnight ## +# without any order -AT: "where even light shines like darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This negative phrase can be expressed in positive form. AT: "full of confusion" or "where all is confused" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# where the light is like midnight + +The light of the place where the spirits of dead people go is compared to midnight. AT: "where there is no light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/10/intro.md b/job/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a186211a2d --- /dev/null +++ b/job/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's righteousness ##### +Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse Yahweh. Instead, he defends himself to Yahweh, while trusting in his decision. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to defend himself. He does not believe that he committed a sin deserving severe punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/01.md b/job/11/01.md index f5f72a0ff9..a94182f6b5 100644 --- a/job/11/01.md +++ b/job/11/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Zophar … Naamathite ## +# Zophar the Naamathite -AT:"Zophar from the region of Naamah" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "Zophar from the region of Naamah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Should not a multitude of words be answered ## +# Should not such a multitude of words be answered? -Zophar is asking a question in the negative to emphasize that Job's words must be challenged. AT "We must answer these words!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Zophar is asking a question in the negative to emphasize that Job's words must be challenged. AT: "We must answer all of these words!" or "Someone should respond to all these words!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Should this man, so full of talk, be believed? ## +# Should this man, so full of talk, be believed? -AT "Your many words alone do not mean you are innocent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Zophar uses this question to emphasize that they should not believe what Job was saying. AT: "This man is so full of talk, but the people should not believe him!" or "Your many words alone do not mean you are innocent!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Should your boasting make others remain silent? ## +# Should your boasting make others remain silent? -AT "Just because you have spoken many words, this does not mean that others must keep silent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. AT: "Just because you have spoken many words, this does not mean that others must keep silent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## When you mock our teaching, will no one make you feel ashamed? ## +# When you mock our teaching, will no one make you feel ashamed? -AT "You have mocked our teaching. Now we will make you feel ashamed!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. AT: "You have mocked our teaching. Now we will make you feel ashamed!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/04.md b/job/11/04.md index cbf9aafa70..c8fc0bded9 100644 --- a/job/11/04.md +++ b/job/11/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## My beliefs are pure ## +# My beliefs are pure -"My understanding is correct," +"My understanding is correct" -## I am blameless in your eyes ## +# I am blameless in your eyes -"God knows I am innocent." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The eyes represent sight, which is a metaphor for God's evaluation of Job. Possible meanings are 1) that Job is saying that God judges him as blameless. AT: "You say that I am blameless" or 2) that Job believes he has been blameless and that God should judge him as blameless. AT: "You should recognize that I am blameless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that God would speak ... open his lips ## +# that God would speak ... open his lips against you -The words "open his lips" mean to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The words "open his lips" are a metonym that means speak. These two phrases mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize Zophar's desire that God would speak harshly against Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## that he would show ... secrets of wisdom ## +# that he would show ... secrets of wisdom -AT: "that he would show you that you are suffering because of your sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +What the "secrets of wisdom" are can be stated clearly. AT: "that he would show you that you are suffering because of your sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## God demands ... less than your iniquity deserves ## +# God demands from you less than your iniquity deserves -AT: "God is punishing you less than you deserve." \ No newline at end of file +Demanding from Job represents punishing Job. AT: "God is punishing you less than you deserve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/07.md b/job/11/07.md index 5048177faa..996142e7b3 100644 --- a/job/11/07.md +++ b/job/11/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Can you understand God by searching for him ## +# Can you understand God by searching for him? Can you comprehend the Almighty perfectly? -These two parallel questions are asking the same thing. The writer uses the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "You cannot understand God by searching for him!" and AT: "You will never have a complete understanding of the Almighty!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These two parallel questions are asking the same thing. The writer uses the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "You cannot understand God by searching for him, and you will never completely understand the Almighty!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## The matter ## +# The matter -AT: "To know God fully" +This refers to understanding God. AT: "To understand God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## high as heaven ... deeper than Sheol ... longer than the earth ... wider than the sea ## +# is as high as heaven ... deeper than Sheol -These parallel clauses compare the greatness of God with concepts or ideas that are already familiar to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The impossibility of understanding God is spoken of as if it were impossible to go to these extremely far away places. AT: "is as inaccessible as the highest places in heaven ... is more inaccessible than the deepest places in Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## What can you do ## +# what can you do? -AT: "You cannot understand it fully." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to understand God fully. AT: "you cannot do anything." or "you cannot understand him fully." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What can you know ## +# what can you know? -AT: "You cannot know all there is to know." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to know God fully. AT: "you cannot know God fully." or "you cannot know all there is to know." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## its measure ## +# Its measure -AT: "What there is to know about God" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) God's greatness or 2) the greatness of God's wisdom. + +# is longer than the earth ... wider than the sea + +God's greatness or wisdom is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/10.md b/job/11/10.md index 8d7507f160..1d3dc94623 100644 --- a/job/11/10.md +++ b/job/11/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## shuts anyone up ## +# If he ... shuts anyone up -AT: "puts anyone into prison," +"If God ... shuts anyone up in prison" -## who can stop him ## +# if he calls anyone to judgment -AT: "No one can stop him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The abstract noun "judgment" can be translated with the verb "judge." AT: "if God calls anyone to go to him so that God might judge him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## does he not notice it ## +# who can stop him? -AT: "He surely notices it!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question emphasizes that no one can stop God. AT: "no one can stop him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## they will get it when a wild donkey gives birth to a man ## +# does he not notice it? -This is way of saying that the people will never understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This emphasizes that God does notice sin. AT: "he surely notices it!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But foolish people have no understanding + +The abstract noun "understanding" can be expressed with the verb "understand." AT: "But foolish people do not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they will get it when a wild donkey gives birth to a man + +Since a wild donkey can never give birth to a man, this means that foolish people will never get understanding. AT: "only if a wild donkey could give birth to a man could foolish people get understanding" or "it is as impossible for a foolish person to get understanding as it is for a donkey to give birth to a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/13.md b/job/11/13.md index ea0e994bf6..4fe2d23e8e 100644 --- a/job/11/13.md +++ b/job/11/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Suppose you had set your heart right ## +# suppose that you had set your heart right -AT: "Even if you had stopped sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The heart represents thoughts and attitudes. Setting it right represents correcting it. AT: "even if you had corrected your attitude" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and had reached out with your hands toward God ## +# had reached out with your hands toward God -AT: "and had made an appeal and prayed to God" +This is a symbolic action representing asking God for help. AT: "had made an appeal and prayed to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## suppose that iniquity were in your hand ## +# suppose that iniquity were in your hand -AT: "even if you had done some evil things in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The hand represents what a person does. AT: "even if you had done some evil things in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## but then you put it far away from you ## +# but that then you put it far away from you -"you stopped doing evil things." +Putting sin behind represents stopping sinning. AT: "but that then you stopped doing evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## did not let unrighteousness live in your tent ## +# did not let unrighteousness live in your tents -AT: "and you did not allow the members of your household to sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Unrighteousness living represents people doing unrighteous things. AT: "and you did not allow the members of your household to do unrighteous things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/15.md b/job/11/15.md index 033d86a003..a494986c2b 100644 --- a/job/11/15.md +++ b/job/11/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## lift up your face without a sign of shame ## +# lift up your face without a sign of shame "Lifting up your face" represents the attitude of a person who is confident and brave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## like waters that have flowed away ## +# you would remember it only like waters that have flowed away -Zophar is comparing memories of evil with water that flows downstream and it is gone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Zophar is comparing misery with water that flows downstream and it is gone. AT: "You would remember it, but the misery will be gone, like waters that have flowed away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Your life would ... like the morning. ## +# Your life would ... like the morning. Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Your life would be brighter than noonday ## +# Your life would be brighter than the noonday -Zophar compares a happy and prosperous life with the brightest light of the day __//IF//__ Job would do what Zophar tells him to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +Brightness represents being prosperous and happy. AT: "Your life would be prosperous and happy like the noonday" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## though there were darkness, it would become... ## +# though there were darkness -Zophar describes the possibility of life becoming happy and prosperous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file +Darkness represents troubles and sadness. AT: "Though there were dark troubles and sadness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# it would become like the morning + +The morning represents light, which represents prosperity and happiness. AT: "it would be prosperous and happy like the morning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/18.md b/job/11/18.md index de9ca7150c..0ed5b5ae5e 100644 --- a/job/11/18.md +++ b/job/11/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## You would be secure...take your rest in safety. ## +# You would be secure ... take your rest in safety -Zophar repeats the same idea in two statements for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## Also, you would lie down in rest...your favor. ## +# would take your rest in safety -Zophar repeats the same idea in two statements for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Take your rest" is an idiom for "rest." The phrase "in safety" can be expressed with the word "safely." AT: "would rest safely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Also you would lie down in rest ... your favor. + +Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# you would lie down in rest + +The abstract noun "rest" can be expressed with the verb "rest." AT: "you would lie down and rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/20.md b/job/11/20.md index 832e9903c4..a78d85932c 100644 --- a/job/11/20.md +++ b/job/11/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## the eyes of the wicked ## +# the eyes of wicked people will fail -Zophar compares one part (eyes) to the understanding a person has. AT: "the understanding of the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## a last gasp of life ## - -AT: "their final breath of life" "stop trying and die" This phrase means to resign and give up, especially the "spirit" or breath of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Their eyes represent their understanding. AT: "the understanding of the wicked people will fail" or "the wicked people will not be able to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/11/intro.md b/job/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a0a8b934b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Job 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Zophar. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Zophar's advice ##### + +Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He even questions the character of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +Zophar uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Zophar's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/01.md b/job/12/01.md index f47f896f75..ffd00fcb2c 100644 --- a/job/12/01.md +++ b/job/12/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## No doubt ## +# No doubt you are the people; wisdom will die with you -"Surely," +Job mocks how they are acting and shows how ridiculous they sound. AT: "Surely you are such important people that wisdom cannot exist without you" or "You all act like you are the only wise people and that when you die, wisdom will disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## you are the people ## +# No doubt + +"Surely" + +# you + +This is plural in verses 2 and 3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you are the people "you are the important people who know everything" -## No doubt you are the people; wisdom will die with you. ## +# Indeed, who does not know such things as these? -In this figure of speech, Job mocks how they are acting and shows how ridiculous they sound. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]). “Surely you are all such important people that wisdom cannot exist without you." AT: "You are all acting like you are the only source of wisdom and without you wisdom would disappear." - -## You ## - -this is plural in these next two sentences. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pluralpronouns]]) - -## Indeed, who does not know such things as these? ## - -"In fact, everyone understands these things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job used this question to express a truth that should be obvious to his listeners. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "Certainly there is no one who does not know such things as these." or "Certainly everyone knows these things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/04.md b/job/12/04.md index 27207658d7..572b9e25b2 100644 --- a/job/12/04.md +++ b/job/12/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## I am something for my neighbor to laugh at—I, one who called on God and who was answered by him! I, a just and perfect man—I am now something to laugh at ## +# I am something for my neighbor to laugh at—I, one who called on God and who was answered by him! -Two statements convey one idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The relationship between these phrases can be made clear with the words "even though." AT: "I am something for my neighbor to laugh at—even though I am one who called on God and he answered me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## he thinks in a way that brings more misfortune to those whose foot is slipping. ## +# I, a just and blameless man—I am now something to laugh at -AT: "His way of thinking brings more trouble to those who are already in trouble." +The relationship between these phrases can be made clear with the words "even though." AT: "Even though I am a just and blameless man, people now laugh at me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## foot is slipping ## +# In the thought of someone who is at ease, there is contempt for misfortune -The foot represents the whole person who is already starting to have trouble come to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The abstract nouns "thought," "ease," "contempt," and "misfortune" can be expressed with other phrases. AT: "A person who lives an easy life despises a person who suffers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## The tents of robbers prosper, / and those who provoke God feel secure; ## +# brings more misfortune -This is a parallelism that has 3 (instead of 2) different statements that state a single idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) AT: "The tents of robbers swell with goods so that these people feel secure even while offending God. Their own abilities become their source of strength." +Bringing misfortune represents causing it to happen. AT: "causes more bad things to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## their own hands ## +# to those whose foot is slipping -"Hands" represents the abilities of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The foot slipping represents being in danger or trouble. AT: "to those who are already in trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The tents of robbers prosper + +Their tents prospering represents the robbers prospering in their tents. AT: "Robbers live in prosperity in their own tents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their own hands are their gods + +Here "their own hands" is a metonym for strength, and "their gods" is a metaphor for their pride. AT: "they are extremely proud of their own abilities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/07.md b/job/12/07.md index cf9a32f40a..71e9dba9cb 100644 --- a/job/12/07.md +++ b/job/12/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## But now ask ... will declare to you. ## +# But now ask ... will declare to you -These 4 statements in both verses all express one idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These 4 statements all express the idea that the beasts, the birds, the earth, and the fish understand God better than Job's friends do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# you + +This is plural in verses 7 and 8. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# But now ask the beasts, and they will teach you + +The command in the first part of the sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. AT: "But if you were to ask the beasts, they would teach you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# ask the birds of the heavens, and they will tell you + +The command in the first sentence expresses the idea of "if." AT: if you were to ask the birds of the heavens, they would tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# Or speak to the earth, and it will teach you + +The command in the first sentence expresses the idea of "if.". AT: "Or if you were to speak to the earth, it would teach you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# the fish of the sea will declare to you + +The command "Ask the fish of the sea" is understood from the previous sentences. It functions as a hypothetical condition. AT: "and if you were to ask the fish of the sea, they would declare to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/09.md b/job/12/09.md index 895035d3eb..a47c5c1b40 100644 --- a/job/12/09.md +++ b/job/12/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Which animal among all these does not know ## +# Which animal among all these does not know ... this? -This is a figure of speech that does not expect an answer, but states the question to emphasize the point. It means, "Every animal knows that... " (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question emphasizes the point that all the animals know that Yahweh has done this. This question can be worded as a statement. AT: "Every animal among all these knows ... this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Yahweh, in whose hand is the life of every living thing ## +# the hand of Yahweh has done this -This figure of speech uses two similar statements to emphasize the idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh's hand represents his power. AT: "Yahweh has done this by his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# In his hand is the life ... and the breath of all mankind + +Yahweh's hand represents his control or power. AT: "God controls the life of every living thing and gives breath to all mankind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the breath of all mankind + +Here "breath" represents life or the ability to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/11.md b/job/12/11.md index 2690a544c7..b1a8fb7862 100644 --- a/job/12/11.md +++ b/job/12/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Does not the ear test words / just as the palate tastes its food? ## +# Does not the ear test words just as the palate tastes its food? -Job compares ears that evaluate words to the mouth that tests food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) This is a question that does not expect an answer for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) AT: "The ear studies words just as the mouth tests food." +Job uses this question to emphasize that people listen to what others say and judge whether it is good or not. The ear and palate are metonyms for hearing and tasting. AT: "We hear what people say and test it just as we taste food and test it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## With aged men is wisdom; / in length of days is understanding. ## +# With aged men is wisdom -This uses similar to say almost the same thing for emphasis. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) AT: "Wisdom and understanding come when men grow old and have many days." \ No newline at end of file +"Aged men have wisdom." The abstract noun "wisdom" can be expressed with "wise." The word "men" refers to people in general. AT: "Old people are wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# in length of days is understanding + +This represents people gaining understanding when they live a long time. The abstract noun "understanding" can be expressed with the phrase "understand much." AT: "people gain understanding when they live a long time" or "people who live a long time understand much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/13.md b/job/12/13.md index 10b87e9113..e4225e0e4f 100644 --- a/job/12/13.md +++ b/job/12/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## he has good thoughts ## +# General Information: -AT: "he has good advice" +Verse 13 says that God is wise and mighty. The rest of this chapter shows that this is true by telling about the wise and mighty things that God does. -## See ## +# With God are wisdom and might -"Behold" This word marks where Job wants the listener to pay special attention. +The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "might" can be expressed with the adjectives "wise" and "mighty." AT: "God is wise and mighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## it cannot be built again ## +# See -AT: "no one can rebuild it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Pay attention" This word marks where Job wants the listener to pay special attention. -## if he imprisons someone, there can be no release ## +# it cannot be built again -Job says that no one can free a person if God does not allow. AT: "if God shuts someone in, no one can release that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one can rebuild it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## if he withholds the waters, they dry up ## +# if he imprisons someone, there can be no release -Whatever kind of water, whether rain, flood, rivers or wells will stop when God wants. AT: "If he blocks up the places where water comes from, they dry up" +The abstract noun "release" can be expressed with the verb "free." AT: "if God shuts someone in, no one can free him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## and if he sends them out, they overwhelm the land" ## +# if he withholds the waters, they dry up -Here Job is again saying that God can control the waters to overflowing. AT: "and if he makes them flow out, they flood the land" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are that withholding waters represents 1) preventing the rain from falling. AT: "if he stops the rain from falling the land dries up" or 2) preventing running water from flowing. AT: "if he stops the water from flowing, the land dries up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if he sends them out, they overwhelm the land + +Possible meanings are that sending them out is a metaphor meaning 1) causing the rain to fall. AT: "if he causes a lot of rain to fall, it floods the land" or 2) causing the waters to flow. AT: "if he makes a lot of water flow, it floods the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/16.md b/job/12/16.md index 5904d3e161..455047bcd3 100644 --- a/job/12/16.md +++ b/job/12/16.md @@ -1,35 +1,27 @@ -## With him are strength and wisdom ## +# With him are strength and wisdom -"God is strong and wise" +The abstract nouns "strength" and "wisdom" can be expressed with the words "strong" and "wise." AT: "God is strong and wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the deceived and the deceiver are both in his power ## +# people who are deceived and the deceiver are both in his power -AT: "God controls both the person who is cheated and the person who misleads." +Being in God's power represents God ruling over them. AT: "people who believe a lie and people who lie to others are both in his power" or "God rules over both people who believe lies and people who lie to others" -## He leads counselors away barefoot in sorrow ## +# He leads counselors away barefoot -"He makes advisers feel sad and ashamed." +Leading counselors away barefoot represents taking away their wisdom and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## barefoot in sorrow ## +# in sorrow -This may refer the advisers being stripped of their glorious clothing and made to feel ashamed like a poor person with no shoes. +The abstract noun "sorrow" can be expressed with the words "sad" or "grieve" AT: "and they feel very sad" or "and they grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## he turns judges into fools ## +# he turns judges into fools -"he takes wisdom away from those who are in charge in a law court" +"he makes judges become foolish" -## judge ## +# He takes off the chain of authority from kings -"the person who is in charge in a court of law and who makes the decisions about court cases" +Possible meanings are that 1) this is a metonym for causing kings to no longer have authority. AT: "He takes away the authority of kings" or 2) this is a metonym for setting people free from the chains that kings have put on them. AT: "He takes off the bonds that kings have put on people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He takes off the chain of authority from kings; he wraps a cloth about their waists ## +# he wraps a cloth about their waists -God removes a symbol of power and replaces it with a common person's clothing. God dismisses a king from his elevated place. - -## He takes off the chain of authority from kings ## - -AT: "He takes off the royal belt from rulers" - -## he wraps a cloth about their waists ## - -AT: "he puts a plain belt on them" \ No newline at end of file +This cloth is probably what a slave wears. To put these cloths on kings represents making the kings slaves. AT: "he makes kings wear the clothing of slaves" or "he makes them slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/19.md b/job/12/19.md index 5f41406a52..9df0590815 100644 --- a/job/12/19.md +++ b/job/12/19.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## He leads priests away barefoot in sorrow ## +# He leads priests away barefoot -"He makes those who lead the religion sad and ashamed because he has removed their robes" +Leading priests away barefoot represents taking away their authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## barefoot in sorrow ## +# in sorrow -See how you translated this in 12:17 +The abstract noun "sorrow" can be expressed with the words "sad" or "grieve" AT: "and they feel sad" or "and they grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## and overthrows the mighty ## +# overthrows mighty people -"and defeats the powerful" +"defeats powerful people" -## He removes the speech of the trustworthy ## +# He removes the speech of those who had been trusted -"He silences those who are dependable" +Removing their speech represents making them unable to speak. AT: "He makes those who were trusted unable to speak" or "He silences people whom others trusted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and takes away the understanding of the elders ## +# takes away the understanding of the elders -"and makes older people lack in knowledge" +Taking away their understanding represents making them unable to understand or make good decisions. AT: "makes the elders unable to understand" or "makes the elders unable to make good decisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He pours contempt upon princes ## +# the elders -God can dishonor rulers by pouring the dishonor like liquid upon them. AT: "He causes people to greatly disrespect those who rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the older people or 2) the leaders. -## and unfastens the belt of the strong ## +# He pours contempt upon princes -God can make someone weak by removing the symbol of their strength like removing a belt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Pouring contempt on princes is a metaphor for causing people to feel contempt for them. AT: "He causes people to greatly disrespect those who rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# unfastens the belt of strong people + +The belt is a symbol of strength. Unfastening a strong person's belt represents taking away his strength and making him weak. AT: "makes the strong people weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/22.md b/job/12/22.md index caf7a8e64d..8589b51ed5 100644 --- a/job/12/22.md +++ b/job/12/22.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## He reveals deep things from darkness ## +# He reveals deep things from darkness -"He shows us deep places from darkness" +Revealing things represents making them known. "Deep things from darkness" represent secrets that people do not know. AT: "He makes known secrets that people do not know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and brings out to light the shadows where the dead are ## +# brings out to light the shadows where dead people are -"and makes shadows deep as death clear to see" +Bringing things out into the light represents making them known. AT: "brings out into the light the shadows where dead people are" or "makes known the place where dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He makes nations strong ## +# He enlarges nations -"he makes people groups strong" +"He makes nations larger" or "He makes nations have more land" -## and he also destroys them ## +# he also leads them along as prisoners -"and he also wipes them out" - -## He enlarges nations ## - -"He causes the extent of the land of people groups to become bigger" - -## and he also leads them along as prisoners ## - -AT: "and he also leads them along" \ No newline at end of file +God leading nations represents God causing enemy nations to lead them. The word "them" represents nations, which here represents the people of those nations. AT: "he also causes their enemies to lead them along as prisoners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/24.md b/job/12/24.md index 3f498bb6c4..4b7003a08f 100644 --- a/job/12/24.md +++ b/job/12/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## He takes away understanding from the leaders of the people of the earth ## +# He takes away understanding from the leaders of the people of the earth -"He causes some rulers to become foolish" (UDB) +Taking away their understanding represents causing them to be unable to understand. AT: "He causes the leaders of the people of the earth to be unable to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he causes them to wander ## +# to wander in a wilderness where there is no path -"he causes them to go in the wrong direction" or "he causes them to go astray" +Wandering in a wilderness where there is no path represents being in a difficult situation and not knowing what to do. AT: "to be unsure of what to do like a person wandering in a wasteland with no path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in a wilderness where there is no path ## +# They grope in the dark without light -"in a wasteland with no paths" or "in an unmarked wasteland" +Being in the dark without light represents lacking knowledge. AT: "They struggle to make decisions without knowledge as people struggle to walk in the dark without light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They grope in the dark without light ## +# he makes them stagger like a drunk man -"AT: They feel around like a blind man" or "They try to find their way like a blind man" - -## he makes them stagger like a drunk man ## - -"he makes them wander and wobble like a person who has had too much alcohol." Job compared the actions of the leaders to a person's attempts to walk while under the influence of alcohol - both lack direction and purpose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Staggering or wandering like a drunk man represents living without purpose. AT: "he makes them live without purpose like a drunk person who staggers as he walks" or "they wander aimlessly like a drunk person who staggers back and forth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/12/intro.md b/job/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5f5b44984 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Job 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Zophar. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's righteousness ##### +Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job's case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh's authority. These three friends therefore try to take God's place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/01.md b/job/13/01.md index 96297f4305..ef68d4d6f5 100644 --- a/job/13/01.md +++ b/job/13/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## See ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Behold," "Pay special attention." This word marks where Job wants the three friends to listen carefully. +Job continues to speak to his friends. -## my eye has seen all this ## +# See -"I have seen everything that you have seen." Job referred to himself by his eye since it is with his eyes that he saw what the others had seen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Pay attention" or "Listen." This word marks where Job wants the three friends to listen carefully. -## My ear has heard and understood it ## +# my eye has seen all this -"I have heard and understood all that you have said." Job referred to himself by his ear since it is with his ears that he heard what the others had heard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Job referred to himself as his eye since it is with his eyes that he saw these things. AT: "I have seen all this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## What you know, the same I also know ## +# my ear has heard and understood it -"What you know, I also know" (UDB) or "I know as much as you" +Job referred to himself as his ear since it is with his ears that he heard these things. AT: "I have heard and understood it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## I am not inferior to you ## +# What you know, the same I also know -AT: "I do not know less than you" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"What you know, I also know" or "I know as much as you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/03.md b/job/13/03.md index 625ac35efb..4464572c4e 100644 --- a/job/13/03.md +++ b/job/13/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## I wish to reason with God ## +# Connecting Statement: -Job's friends are judging and not honest. Job would rather argue with God alone about his complaint. +Job continues to speak to his friends. -## whitewash the truth ## +# I wish to reason with God -This means to paint over a wall to cover the dirt instead of cleaning it. AT: "cover up the truth with false judgments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Job's friends are judging him, but they not speaking the truth. Job would rather argue with God alone about his complaint. -## physicians of no value ## +# you whitewash the truth with lies -Their effort to heal with counsel was false, deceitful, and wrong. Physicians represent the friends who try to make healing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Putting whitewash or plaster on the truth represents ignoring the truth. AT: "you hide the truth with lies" or "you lie and ignore the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## hold your peace ## +# you are all physicians of no value -This expression means "be silent". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Being a physician represents being a person who comforts others. Being of no value means that they do not know how to do what they should. AT: "you are all like physicians who do not know how to heal people" or "you all come to comfort me, but you do not know how, like unskilled physicians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## be your wisdom ## +# hold your peace -By being silent they would not say more foolish talk and would be wiser in their silence. \ No newline at end of file +This expression means "be quiet" or "stop talking." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# That would be your wisdom + +They thought that they were saying wise things, but Job was saying that they would be wiser if they would stop talking. The abstract noun "wisdom" can be expressed with the word "wise." AT: "If you were to do that, you would be wise" or "If you were to stop talking, you would appear wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/06.md b/job/13/06.md index 69b9cfc9f9..ab91ac2224 100644 --- a/job/13/06.md +++ b/job/13/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## my own lips ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Lips" represent the whole person who is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Job continues to speak to his friends. -## Will you speak unrighteously ... deceitfully for him? ## +# listen to the pleading of my own lips -Job asks these questions for emphasis and then twice for more emphasis. He also mocks them by these questions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +Here "lips" represent the person who is speaking. AT: "listen to what I myself plead for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Would you really ... as attorneys for God? ## +# Will you speak unrighteously ... deceitfully for him? -Job asks these questions for emphasis and then twice for more emphasis. He also mocks them by these questions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job uses these two questions to rebuke his friends for speaking unrighteously. AT: "You think that you are speaking for God, but you are speaking unrighteously. You are speaking deceitfully." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# talk deceitfully + +"lie" or "tell lies" + +# Would you really show ... as attorneys for God? + +Showing kindness to God represents helping God or defending God against Job's complaints. Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends for thinking that they can defend God. AT: "You think that you can defend God. You think that you can argue for God like attorneys in court." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/09.md b/job/13/09.md index 0779627d30..a7aceba1f5 100644 --- a/job/13/09.md +++ b/job/13/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## he as judge ## +# Connecting Statement: -"He" is God who is the judge. +Job continues to speak to his friends. -## or like someone...him in court? ## +# Would it really be good for you when he searches you out? -or like someone...him in court? Job compares one person tricking another person to his friends giving a false account to God about God himself. He asks this as a question to give emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "searches you out" is a metaphor meaning "examines you." Job uses this question to warn his friends that if God were to examine them, he would say that what they are doing is wrong. AT: "If God were to examine you, it would not be good for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## secretly showed favoritism to him ## +# Could you deceive him as you might deceive men? -AT: "God will surely scold you for your behavior if you try to show him secret favors." \ No newline at end of file +Job uses this question to warn his friends that God knows the truth about them. AT: "You might be able to deceive men, but you cannot deceive God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# reprove you + +"rebuke you" + +# if in secret you showed partiality + +"if you secretly show favor to another." Showing partiality refers to saying only good things about someone so that the judge will say that the person is good. Doing this in secret means pretending to speak fairly, but really favoring one person over another. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/11.md b/job/13/11.md index faa7c65dda..cc9d74160a 100644 --- a/job/13/11.md +++ b/job/13/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Would not his majesty ... dread fall upon you? ## +# Connecting Statement: -Job asks these two questions for emphasis and twice over for more emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Job continues to speak to his friends. -## proverbs made of ashes, defenses made of clay ## +# Would not his majesty make you afraid? Would not his dread fall upon you? -Job compares their useless proverbs to ashes and their resistance to the truth to clay. Both statements mean the same for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends. Possible meanings are 1) Job is saying that they should fear God. AT: "His majesty should make you afraid, and his dread should fall on you." or 2) Job is saying that they will fear God. AT: "His majesty will make you afraid, and his dread will fall on you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Would not his dread fall upon you + +Dread falling on people represents them becoming terribly afraid. AT: "Would you not be terribly afraid" or "Would you not be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your memorable sayings are proverbs made of ashes + +Ashes represent things that are worthless and do not last. AT: "Your memorable sayings are worthless like ashes" or "Your memorable sayings will be forgotten like ashes that are blown away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your defenses are defenses made of clay + +Job speaks of what they say as if it were a wall made of clay around a city; it cannot defend the people because clay breaks easily. AT: "What you say in defense is as useless as a wall of clay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your defenses + +Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) what they say to defend themselves or 2) what they say to defend God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/13.md b/job/13/13.md index 8a61b00392..8ac939d89d 100644 --- a/job/13/13.md +++ b/job/13/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## let come what may on me. ## +# Connecting Statement: -Job puts his life in Gods hands. AT: "whatever happens to me I will accept." +Job continues to speak to his friends. -## I will take my own flesh...my life in my hands. ## +# Hold your peace -Job is willing to risk his life by arguing his case with God. "Flesh" and "life" refer to his body. "Teeth" and "hands" refer to his ability to take it under his own control. Both lines mean the same for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom meaning "Be quiet" or "Stop talking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let me alone + +This is an idiom that means "stop bothering me" or "stop hindering me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let come what may on me + +Things coming on a person represents things happening to a person. This expression starting with "let" means that he does not care what might happen to him. AT: "let whatever may happen to me happen" or "I do not care what may happen to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will take my own flesh ... in my hands + +"Flesh" is a metonym for life. "Teeth" and "hands" are metonyms for his own control. These two phrases together emphasize that Job is willing to risk his life by arguing his case with God. AT: "I am ready to risk my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/16.md b/job/13/16.md index af0bc3577e..ca73f6155b 100644 --- a/job/13/16.md +++ b/job/13/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## my acquittal ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "My release from guilt" +Job finishes speaking to his friends and begins to address God directly. -## God, listen carefully ## +# This will be the reason for my deliverance + +The abstract noun "deliverance" can be expressed with the verb "deliver." AT: "This is the reason that God will deliver me" or "This is the reason that God will save me from my troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# God, listen carefully Job begins directing his speech directly to God. -## listen carefully ... come to your hears ## +# listen carefully to my speech; let my declaration come to your ears -Both lines mean the same for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two lines mean basically the same thing and intensify Job's request for God to listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## come to your ears ## +# let my declaration come to your ears -"Ears" represent the hearing and listening by a person who here is God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "declaration" can be expressed with the verb "declare." The ears represent listening. AT: "listen to my declaration" or "listen to what I declare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/18.md b/job/13/18.md index 6d52f55b83..2559232f14 100644 --- a/job/13/18.md +++ b/job/13/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Job continues addressing his case directly to God himself. +# Connecting Statement: -## See now ## +Job continues speaking to God. -This emphasizes what follows. "Please pay special attention" +# See now -## I have set my defense in order ## +This emphasizes what follows. "Listen now" or "Please pay special attention" -This expression means "have thought how to explain myself and I am ready to show that I am innocent". +# I have set my defense in order -## Who is the one who would argue against me in court? ## +Setting his defense in order represents deciding what he will say to defend himself. AT: "I have thought through how I will defend myself" or "I have decided how I will explain myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Job asks this question because he assumes everyone would know the answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Who is the one who would argue against me in court? -## If you ## +Job uses this question to express his belief that since he is right, no one would argue against him. AT: "I do not believe that anyone would argue against me in court." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If you came to do so + +"If you came to argue against me" + +# If you "You" here means God himself. -## give up my life ## +# if I were proved wrong -"allow myself to face death" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if you were to prove me wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# give up my life + +Giving up one's life is a metaphor for dying. AT: "die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/20.md b/job/13/20.md index 2ec40b28ec..a7f240fbe5 100644 --- a/job/13/20.md +++ b/job/13/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Job continues to address his case to God himself. +# Connecting Statement: -## then I will not hide myself ## +Job continues speaking to God. -AT: "I could come before you with confidence that you would not harm me". +# from your face -## your face ## +"Face" represents the person. AT: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -"Face" represents the person that here is God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# withdraw your oppressive hand -## oppressive hand ## +An oppressive hand is a metonym for doing things that oppress someone. Withdrawing the hand is a metaphor for stopping doing those things. AT: "stop oppressing me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"Hand" represents the control and power. Here it means God's control and power over Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# do not let your terrors make me afraid + +The phrase "your terrors" refers to what causes people to be terrified of God. AT: "do not terrify me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/23.md b/job/13/23.md index 1abfdab9bf..8b83c99d2f 100644 --- a/job/13/23.md +++ b/job/13/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Job continues to address his case to God himself. +# Connecting Statement: -## hide your face ## +Job continues speaking to God. -This expression means "avoid me" or "ignore me". "Face" represents the whole person, in this case God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# Why do you hide ... like your enemy? -## Why do you hide ... like your enemy? ## +Job asks this question to complain about how God is treating him. He probably hopes for an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Job asks these questions for emphasis and then twice for more emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# you hide your face from me -## Will you persecute...pursue dry stubble? ## +Hiding one's face from someone represents refusing to look at him or ignoring him. AT: "you refuse to look at me" or "you ignore me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Job asks these questions for emphasis and then twice for more emphasis describing Job's weakness, insignificance and frailty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# Will you persecute ... pursue dry stubble? -## driven leaf, dry stubble ## - -"Leaf" and "stubble" represent worthless things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] \ No newline at end of file +Job uses these questions to tell God that since Job is so insignificant and weak, it is useless to persecute him. "Leaf" and "stubble" are metaphors describing Job's weakness, insignificance and frailty. AT: "You persecute me, but I am weak like a leaf blown by the wind and insignificant like dry stubble." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/26.md b/job/13/26.md index 4bf5d39def..3a8d5225ce 100644 --- a/job/13/26.md +++ b/job/13/26.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Job finishes presenting his case to God. -## inherit the iniquities of my youth ## +# For you write down bitter things against me -"Inherit" here means to live with the results of his foolish actions while he was young. +"Bitter things" represents accusations. AT: "For you write down accusations against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the stocks ## +# you make me inherit the iniquities of my youth -"Stocks" are a form of restraint of prisoners by locking their feet in a fixed position so they can not move about. +Inheriting the iniquities of his youth is a metaphor. Possible meanings are it represents 1) being guilty for the sins of his youth. AT: "you say that I am still guilty for the sins of my youth" or 2) being punished for the sins of his youth. AT: "you punish me for the sins of my youth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## all my paths ## +# the iniquities of my youth -"Path" represents the course of action of his life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The abstract noun "youth" can be translated with the word "young." AT: "the sins I committed when I was young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## like a rotten thing that wastes away ## +# You also put my feet in the stocks + +Doing this represents punishing Job and keeping him from living freely as if Job had committed a crime and was a prisoner. AT: "It is as though you put my feet in the stocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the stocks + +Possible meanings are 1) a frame that holds a prisoner's feet in place so that he cannot move at all or 2) chains around a prisoner's feet that make it hard for him to walk. These are used as a form of punishment. + +# all my paths + +"Paths" represent the things Job does. AT: "everything I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked + +The soles of his feet represent the person who walks. AT: "you examine the ground where I have walked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked + +Examining this ground represents examining all that Job has done. AT: "it is as though you examine the ground where I have walked" or "you examine everything I do like a person examining someone's footprints on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like a rotten thing that wastes away Job compares his life to something that is decaying. He is slowly dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like a garment that moths have eaten ## +# like a garment that moths have eaten -Job compares himself to clothes that the worms of a moth will eat so these are no good because of holes in it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job compares himself to clothes that are full of holes because the moths have eaten parts of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/13/intro.md b/job/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5e08419845 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Zophar. It also contains Job's claim of righteousness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's righteousness ##### +Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job's case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh's authority. These three friends therefore try to take God's place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/01.md b/job/14/01.md index b7fbae1e82..4434e876f1 100644 --- a/job/14/01.md +++ b/job/14/01.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -This chapter continues Job's speech, which started in [Job 12:1](../12/01.md). +# General Information: -## Man, who is born of woman ## +This chapter continues Job's speech, which started in [Job 12:1](../12/01.md). Job is speaking to God. -This refers to all people, both men and women; all are born into this world. +# Man, who is born of woman -## is full of trouble ## +This refers to all people, both men and women; all are born into this world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -AT: "his life is full of trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# lives only a few days -## He sprouts from the ground like a flower and is cut down ## +This is an exaggeration to emphasize that people live only a short time. AT: "lives only a very short time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -A man's short life is compared to that of a flower. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# is full of trouble -## He flees like a shadow and does not last ## +Being "full of trouble" represents experiencing much trouble. AT: "has many troubles" or "suffers much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -A man's short life is compared to a shadow that disappears quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# He sprouts from the ground like a flower and is cut down -## Do you look at any of these? ## +Like the life of a flower, a person's life is short and is easily killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -Job talks to God; he implies that God should not pay attention to him. AT: "God, you should pay attention to any human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# he flees like a shadow and does not last -## look at ## +A person's short life is compared to a shadow that disappears quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -This has here a negative connotation. AT: "pay attention to" or "look for faults in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# Do you look at any of these? -## any of these ## +Job implies that he does not want God to pay so much attention to him. AT: "You do not look at any of these." or "You do not pay so much attention to these. Please do not pay so much attention to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Job speaks about himself in the third person. AT: "me" +# look at -## Do you bring me into judgment with you? ## +Here looking at some one represents paying attention to him in order to judge him. AT: "pay attention to" or "look for faults in" -Implied is that God should not judge Job because he is so small. AT: "Do you accuse me of sinning?" or "You should not threaten to judge me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Do you bring me into judgment with you? + +Job uses this question to show his surprise that God judges him even though Job is so insignificant like the flowers. AT: "But you judge me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/04.md b/job/14/04.md index b2057c71aa..7ff7b808c8 100644 --- a/job/14/04.md +++ b/job/14/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Who can bring something clean out of something unclean? No one ## +# General Information: -This is a rhetorical question with the answer. AT: "No one can bring something clean out of something unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Job continues speaking to God. -## Man's days are determined ## +# Who can bring something clean out of something unclean? No one -AT: "You determined a man's days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Job uses this question to persuade God to apply what he knows about unclean things to Job. AT: "No one can bring something clean out of something unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## hired man ## +# Man's days are determined + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "You determine a man's days" or "You decide how long a man lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The number of his months is with you + +The number of man's months being with God represents God deciding the number of months that the man will live. "You decide how many months he will live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have appointed his limits that he cannot pass + +Passing a limit represents living past a time that God has set for a person to die. AT: "you have appointed the time that he will die, and he cannot live longer than that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# hired man a man who is hired to do a job and goes home afterwards \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/07.md b/job/14/07.md index cd336de4ac..463365f282 100644 --- a/job/14/07.md +++ b/job/14/07.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## There can be hope ## +# There can be hope for a tree -AT: "There can be hope to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The abstract noun "hope" can be expressed with the verb "hope." The hope is explained in verses 7-9. AT: "We can hope that a tree will live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## it might sprout again ## +# it might sprout again -AT: "maybe it will live again" or "it might start growing again" +"it might start growing again" -## its tender branch will not cease ## +# so that its tender stalk does not disappear -AT: "its young twig will continue" or "its shoot will live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Disappearing represents dying. AT: "so that its young shoot will not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Though ## +# Though "Even though" or "Even if" -## stump ## +# stump -The lowest part of the stem that remains after cutting down the tree. +the part of the tree that remains sticking out of the ground after someone has cut down most of the tree -## yet even if it only ## +# even if it only smells water -"but when it" +This describes the dead stump as if it could smell water to represent water being near it. AT: "even if only a little water is near it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## smells water ## +# it will bud -This describes the dead stump as if it can smell like a person. AT: "receives water" or "is watered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"it will start growing" -## it will bud ## +# send out branches like a plant -AT: "it will start growing" or "it will develop leaves and twigs" \ No newline at end of file +The tree sending out branches represents branches growing on the tree. AT: "branches will start growing on it like a plant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/10.md b/job/14/10.md index 60eb61ec1c..523301c3a3 100644 --- a/job/14/10.md +++ b/job/14/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## where is he? ## +# then where is he? -AT: "no one knows where he is" +Job uses this question to emphasize that when a person dies, he is not present. AT: "no one knows where he is." or "he is gone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## As water disappears from a lake ... and do not rise again ## +# As water disappears from a lake ... and do not rise again The fact that death cannot be reversed is compared to water that dried up and cannot return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## As water disappears ... as a river loses ... ## +# As water disappears ... as a river loses These two phrases are describing the same thought and are repeated to emphasize the fact that death is final. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## they will not awake nor be roused out of their sleep ## +# so people lie down -These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize that death is final. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Lying down represents dying. AT: "so people die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not rise again + +Rising again represents living again. AT: "do not live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will not awake nor be roused out of their sleep + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize that death is final. Sleeping represents dying and awaking represents living again. AT: "people who die will not live again and be raised from death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/13.md b/job/14/13.md index 3c28ee7a50..8e1f875666 100644 --- a/job/14/13.md +++ b/job/14/13.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Oh that you would ## +# General Information: -Other translations may read: "Who will give?" or "Yahweh, please give this to me" +Job continues speaking to God. -## keep me in private ## +# Oh, that you would hide me -AT: "keep me locked up" or "keep me hidden" or "protect me" +This is an exclamation showing what Job wants very much but does not really expect to happen. AT: "I wish that you would hide me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## call me to mind ## +# keep me in private -AT: "remember me" (UDB) or "act kindly toward me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"keep me locked up" or "keep me hidden" -## If a man dies, wil he live again? ## +# call me to mind -The implicit answer is "no." AT: "When a man dies, he will not live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Call someone to mind is an idiom meaning to think about him. AT: "think about me" or "remember me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## If so ## +# If a man dies, will he live again? -AT: "If he would live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The implicit answer is "no." AT: "If a man dies, he will not live again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## all my weary time there ## +# If so -AT: "all my time, wich currently is making me tired, there" +What "so" refers to is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "If he would live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## my release should come ## +# to wait all my weary time there -AT: "I should be released" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +"to wait all my time there even though I would be weary" + +# until my release should come + +The abstract noun "release" can be expressed with the verb "release." AT: "until I should be released" or "until you release me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/15.md b/job/14/15.md index dc2c668195..1d14e18e75 100644 --- a/job/14/15.md +++ b/job/14/15.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## I would answer ## +# General Information: -AT: "I would respond" or "I would do what you ask of me" +Job continues speaking to God. -## have a desire for ## +# I would answer -AT: "desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"I would respond" -## for the work of your hands ## +# You would have a desire for -AT: "for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +The noun "desire" can be expressed with the verbs "desire" or "want." AT: "You would desire" or "You would want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## number and care for ## +# for the work of your hands -These two verbs combined express a single action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) +Here God's hands represent him making things. Job refers to himself as the work of God's hands. AT: "for me, whom you have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## my footsteps ## +# number and care for -AT: "my life" or "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These two verbs together express a single action. AT: "attentively care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) -## you would not keep ... My transgression would be ... you would cover up ... ## +# my footsteps -These three lines repeat the same thought and are used together to emphasize the importance of forgiveness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Footsteps represent his life or what he does. AT: "my life" or "the things I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you would not keep track of ## +# you would not keep ... My transgression would be ... you would cover up -"you would not look at" AT: "you would forget" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +These three lines express the same thought and are used together to emphasize his confidence that God would forgive him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## would be sealed up in a bag ## +# you would not keep track of my sin -Transgression is described as if it is a small object you can put away. AT: "would be like trash you put in a bag" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Keeping track of Job's sin represents thinking about his sin. AT: "you would not look at my sin" or "you would not think about my sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## cover up my iniquities ## +# My transgression would be sealed up in a bag -This describes iniquities as if they are a damaged part in a wall that will be covered with plaster. AT: "cover my iniquities as you plaster over a damaged wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Sealing transgression in a bag represents hiding it and refusing to think about it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You would refuse to think about my transgression like someone who hides something in a bag" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you would cover up my iniquity + +Covering up someone's iniquity so that it cannot be seen represents refusing to think about it. AT: "you would hide my iniquity" or "you would ignore my iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/18.md b/job/14/18.md index 7a9b55f115..f930aff8dc 100644 --- a/job/14/18.md +++ b/job/14/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## even mountains fall ... even rocks are moved ... the waters wear down ... its flooding washes away ... ## +# General Information: -These four lines talk about the same idea, namely that time will make everything that seems stable disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Job continues speaking to God. -## fall and come to nothing ## +# mountains fall and come to nothing -These two verbs mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how surely mountains will disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"Come to nothing" is an idiom meaning be completely destroyed. This phrase expands on the word "fall" and emphasizes complete destruction. AT: "mountains completely fall apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Like this, you destroy the hopes of man ## +# rocks are moved out of their place -This makes the whole chunk into a simily. If it is easier in your language, you can put this phrase at the beginning of verse 18 and adjust the text accordingly. AT: "You destroy the hopes of man, just like ..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "rocks tumble down from their place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you destroy ## +# Like this, you destroy the hopes of man -The word "you" refers to God. +If it is easier in your language, you can put this phrase at the beginning of verse 18 and adjust the text accordingly. AT: "You destroy the hopes of man, just like ... dust of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## the hopes of man ## +# you destroy the hopes of man -AT: "the things a man hopes for" \ No newline at end of file +Destroying hopes represents causing the things people hope for not to happen. AT: "You prevent the hopes of man from happening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the hopes of man + +The abstract noun "hopes" can be expressed with the verb "hope." AT: "the things that man hopes for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/20.md b/job/14/20.md index 5d73964a91..100de27fb2 100644 --- a/job/14/20.md +++ b/job/14/20.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## you always defeat him ## +# General Information: -The word "you" refers to God, and "him" to any person. +Job continues speaking to God. -## he passes away ## +# You always defeat him -AT: "he dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The word "him" refers to any person. AT: "You always defeat man" or "You always defeat people" -## You change his face ## +# he passes away -Possible meanings are 1) the pain just before dying makes his face contract or 2) God deforms his face after he dies. +Passing away represents dying. AT: "he dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## send him away to die ## +# you change his face -Other translations may only have: "send him away," which is a euphemism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the pain just before dying makes his face contract or 2) when a person dies, God makes the person's face look different. -## may come to honor ## +# send him away to die -AT: "may be honored by other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This represents causing him to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they may be brought low ## +# if they are brought low -AT: "or they may be disgraced by other people" - -## He feels only the pain of his own body, and he mourns for himself. ## - -Job reflects on the pain and shortness of life, and the associated pain and mourning. \ No newline at end of file +Being brought low represents being shamed. AT: "if they are disgraced" or "if people shame them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/14/intro.md b/job/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7f7d89d40c --- /dev/null +++ b/job/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's claim of righteousness being presented to Yahweh. It also has an abrupt shift in tone. Rather than being hopeful, Job laments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Resurrection ##### +The events of Job occurred long before the Old Testament was written. Therefore, he likely had very little direct revelation about Yahweh. The resurrection of the dead was apparently not well-known during Job's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in his appeal to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/01.md b/job/15/01.md index 84f3b657b4..a08980d3b2 100644 --- a/job/15/01.md +++ b/job/15/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Eliphaz the Temanite ## +# Eliphaz the Temanite -See how you translated this in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). +This is the name of a man. People from Teman are known as Temanites. See how you translated this in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Should a wise man answer ... with the east wind? ## +# Should a wise man answer with useless knowledge and fill himself with the east wind? -The implicit answer is "no." AT: "A wise man should not answer with useless knowledge nor fill himself with the east wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. This can be written as a statement. AT: "A wise man should not answer with useless knowledge nor fill himself with the east wind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the east wind ## +# fill himself with the east wind -AT: "hot air" (UDB) or "the desert wind" +The wind represents emptiness. This phrase speaks of a person speaking empty and meaningless words as if that person were full of the wind. AT: "fill himself with empty words" or "only have meaningless words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Should he reason with ... which he can do no good? ## +# the east wind -The implicit answer is "no." AT: "He should not reason with unprofitable talk nor with speeches with which he can do no good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"hot air" or "the desert wind" -## reason ## +# Should he reason with unprofitable talk or with speeches with which he can do no good? -"quarrel" or "argue" \ No newline at end of file +Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. This can be written as a statement. AT: "He should not reason with unprofitable talk nor with speeches with which he can do no good." or "He should not argue using unprofitable talk or make speeches that accomplish nothing good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/04.md b/job/15/04.md index 369a4fff8e..a77d227e34 100644 --- a/job/15/04.md +++ b/job/15/04.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## diminish ## +# diminish "destroy" or "invalidate" -## respect for God ## - -"fear of God" or "fear" or "reverence" - -## obstruct ## +# obstruct "diminish" or "take away" -## devotion to ## +# devotion to "meditation on" or "concern for" -## your iniquity teaches your mouth ## +# your iniquity teaches your mouth -This describes "iniquity" as if it were a teacher, like a person, and Job's mouth is described as if it is learning. AT: "your iniquity is like a teacher and your mouth is like its student" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This describes "iniquity" as if it were a teacher and Job's mouth is described as if it is learning. This means that his speech is greatly influenced by his iniquity. AT: "your iniquity is like a teacher and your mouth is like its student" or "it is because of your sin that you speak the way you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your mouth ... your own mouth ## +# your mouth -AT: "what you say ... what you yourself say" or "you ... you yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This speaks of Job, but refers to his "mouth" to place emphasis on what he says. AT: "you to speak" or "you to say what you say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## tongue of the crafty ## +# to have the tongue of a crafty man -AT: "a way of speaking similar to that of crafty people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the way a crafty man speaks as his "tongue." AT: "to speak in the way of a crafty man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your own lips ## +# crafty -AT: "your own words" or "what you yourself say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"deceptive" + +# Your own mouth condemns you, not mine + +This refers to Job and Eliphaz by their "mouths" to place emphasis on what they say. AT: "You are condemned by what you say, not by what I say" or "You condemn yourself by what you say, it is not I who condemns you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# your own lips testify + +This speaks of Job, but refers to his "lips" to place emphasis on what he says. AT: "your own words" or "you testify" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/07.md b/job/15/07.md index 8b2e71867e..ebcc8212e0 100644 --- a/job/15/07.md +++ b/job/15/07.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Each verse is a parallelism that contains two rhetorical questions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Are you the first man that was born? ## +# Are you the first man that was born? -AT: "You are not the first man that was born" +The implicit answer here is "no." This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "You are not the first man that was born." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Were you brought into existence before the hills? ## +# Were you brought into existence before the hills? -AT: "You were not brought into existence before the hills" or "Did God bring you into existence before the hills?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The implicit answer here is "no." This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "You were not brought into existence before the hills." or "God did not bring you into existence before he brought the hills into existence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Have you heard the secret knowlege of God? ## +# Were you brought -AT: "You have not heard the secret knowledge of God" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Did God bring you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Do you limit wisdom to yourself? ## +# Have you heard the secret knowledge of God? -AT: "You cannot limit wisdom to yourself" or "You are not the only wise person" +The implicit answer here is "no." This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "You have not heard the secret knowledge of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What do you know that we do not know? ## +# Do you limit wisdom to yourself? -AT: "Everything you know, we also know" +This rhetorical question emphasizes that he cannot limit wisdom to himself. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You cannot limit wisdom to yourself." or "You are not the only wise person." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What do you understand that is not also in us? ## +# What do you know that we do not know? -AT: "Everything you understand is also with us" or "Everything you understand, we also understand" \ No newline at end of file +The implicit answer here is "nothing." This question can be written as a statement. AT: "There is nothing that you know that we do not know." or "Everything you know, we also know." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What do you understand that is not also in us? + +This speaks of the men having understanding as if it were something "inside" them. AT: "Everything you understand, we also understand." or "We understand everything that you understand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/10.md b/job/15/10.md index 290ae1209b..cc9f4b4044 100644 --- a/job/15/10.md +++ b/job/15/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## gray-headed and the very aged men ## +# With us are both the gray-headed and the very aged men -headed and the very aged men** - "men with gray hair and very old men." These two descriptions refer to the same group and are used together to emphasize how wise they must be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Eliphaz speaks of him and the other men having learned wisdom from older men and wisdom that had been passed down from men of previous generations as if these older men were physically present with them. AT: "We acquired wisdom from old gray-haired people, from people who were born before your father was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Are the consolations of God ... gentle toward you? ## +# Are the consolations of God ... gentle toward you? -The implied answer is an accusation. AT: "You must think that the consolations of God are too small for you, the words that are gentle toward you" +This rhetorical question is an accusation, with the implicit answer to the question being "yes." This question may be written as a statement. AT: "You must think that the consolations of God are too small for you, the words that are gentle toward you" -## consolations ## +# consolations "comforts" or "sympathies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/12.md b/job/15/12.md index 290b0c9575..9eba74e3af 100644 --- a/job/15/12.md +++ b/job/15/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Why does your heart carry you away? ## +# Why does your heart carry you away? -AT: "Why do your emotions take you away?" or "Why do you allow your emotions to guide your decisions?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the "heart" represents a person's emotions. AT: "Why do your emotions take you away?" or "Why do you allow your emotions to guide your decisions?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Why do your eyes flash ## +# Why do your eyes flash -This probably refers to Job looking angry. AT: "Why do your eyes look angry" or "Why are you angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This probably refers to Job appearing angry, specifically the appearance of his eyes. AT: "Why do your eyes look angry" or "Why are you angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## turn your spirit ## +# turn your spirit -AT: "turn yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the "spirit" refers to the whole person. AT: "turn yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## What is man ... What is he who is born ... ## +# bring out such words from your mouth + +This describes him speaking. AT: "so you say harsh things against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What is man ... What is he who is born These two questions are basically the same and are used together to emphasize that a man cannot be perfect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## What is man, that he should be clean? ## +# What is man that he should be clean? -AT: "A man, he cannot be completely clean" +This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely "clean." This can be written as a statement. AT: "A man, he cannot be completely clean." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What is he who is born of a woman, that he should be righteous? ## +# clean -AT: "A man who is born from a woman, he cannot be righteous" \ No newline at end of file +A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What is he who is born of a woman that he should be righteous? + +This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely "righteous." This can be written as a statement. AT: "A man who is born from a woman cannot be completely righteous." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/15.md b/job/15/15.md index a603ac1717..656b2c91ea 100644 --- a/job/15/15.md +++ b/job/15/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## in his sight ## +# See -AT: "according to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This word is used here to draw Job's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" -## abominable and corrupt ## +# his holy ones -These two words basically mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad humans are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"his angels" -## who drinks iniquity like water ## +# clean -This describes iniquity as if it were a liquid you can drink. AT: "who love iniquity as much as they love a cup of fresh water" or "who commit evil deeds as often as they drink water" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Something that God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in his sight + +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in his judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# abominable and corrupt + +These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how wicked humans are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# who drinks iniquity like water + +This describes iniquity as if it were water you can drink. It compares how the evil man desires to commit sin to how readily he desires to drink cool water. AT: "who love iniquity as much as they love a cup of fresh water" or "who commit evil deeds as often as they drink water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/17.md b/job/15/17.md index bea4135dde..d7f5919890 100644 --- a/job/15/17.md +++ b/job/15/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## I will show you ## +# I will show you -AT: "I will explain to you" or "I will make it clear to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "I will explain to you" or "I will make it clear to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I will announce to you ## +# I will announce -AT: "I will tell you" +"I will declare" -## their ancestors did not hide ## +# their ancestors did not hide -AT: "their ancestors taught openly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Eliphaz emphasizes that their ancestors purposefully taught them these things. AT: "their ancestors taught openly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/19.md b/job/15/19.md index 4473f70391..c84bf03d38 100644 --- a/job/15/19.md +++ b/job/15/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## to whom alone the land was given ## +# to whom alone the land was given -AT: "to whom alone God gave the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to whom alone God gave the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## no stranger ever passed ## +# among whom no stranger ever passed -AT: "no stranger ever corrupted their knowledge" +This means that no foreigner lived among them, specifically so that they would not be influenced by pagan religions. AT: "no one from another country came and caused them to think wrongly about God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## twists in pain ## +# twists in pain -This is either physical or emotional pain. AT: "suffers a lot." Other translations may read: "is overcome by fear" +"suffers a lot of pain." This is either physical or emotional pain. -## the number of years that are laid up ## +# the number of years that are laid up -AT: "all the years that God has prepared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the years that God has laid up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that are laid up + +This is an idiom. AT: "that are prepared" or "that are set aside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# A sound of terrors is in his ears + +"He constantly hears sounds that terrify him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/22.md b/job/15/22.md index 64c153ab59..add8287ecd 100644 --- a/job/15/22.md +++ b/job/15/22.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## He ## +# Connecting Statement: -This refers to the wicked man whom Eliphaz started to describe in the previous chunk. +Eliphaz continues describing the wicked man he began to describe in [Job 15:20](./19.md). -## return out of darkness ## +# return out of darkness -AT: "return from the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "darkness" is a metaphor for trouble or misfortune. AT: "escape misfortune" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the sword waits for him ## +# the sword waits for him -The sword is a metaphor for death. At the same time the sword is described as if it were a person that is waiting. AT: "the sword is like a person that is waiting for him to kill him" or "death waits for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "the sword" is a metonym that represents an enemy who is waiting to kill the evil man. Possible meanings are 1) he is worried that someone will murder him. AT: "he worries that someone is about to murder him" or 2) it is certain that he is going to be murdered. AT: "someone is waiting to murder him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the day of darkness ## +# for bread -AT: "the day of disaster" or "the moment of his death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "for food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## is at hand ## +# the day of darkness -AT: "is coming soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "the day of disaster" or "the moment of his death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## distress and anguish ## +# is at hand -These two words mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize the emotion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "is coming soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## they prevail against him ## +# Distress and anguish make him afraid; they prevail against him -"it will overpower him" or "they will defeat him" +The words "distress" and "anguish" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the emotion. Here these feelings are spoken of as if they were an enemy who is attacking the wicked man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## as a king ready for battle ## +# prevail against -This compares the fears he has to a king with an army. AT: "just like a king, who is ready for a battle, would prevail against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +"overpower" or "defeat" + +# as a king ready for battle + +This compares how his distress and anguish overpower him to how a king, who is ready for battle, would prevail against him. AT: "just like a king, who is ready for a battle, would prevail against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/25.md b/job/15/25.md index 4f94781357..d0d099f12e 100644 --- a/job/15/25.md +++ b/job/15/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## he has reached out with his hand against God ## +# he has reached out with his hand against God -This is a sign of aggression of the wicked man against God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"he has shook his fist against God." This is a sign of aggression. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## runs at God ## +# runs at God -AT: "attacks God" or "acts violently against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of the wicked man acting aggressively against God as if he were running towards him to attack him. AT: "attacks God" or "acts violently against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## with a thick shield ## +# with a thick shield -AT: "with his strong shield" \ No newline at end of file +"with his strong shield" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/27.md b/job/15/27.md index 50f32acce6..a3a8cf4f55 100644 --- a/job/15/27.md +++ b/job/15/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## This is true ## +# This is true -"This" refers to the wicked man who "runs at God with a stiff neck" in the previous verse. +"This" refers to the wicked man running at God from the previous verse. -## he has covered his face with his fat and gathered fat upon his loins ## +# he has covered his face with his fat and gathered fat on his loins -This wicked man is described as fat and weak, while believing himself to be strong enough to defeat God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +This wicked man is described as fat and weak, while believing himself to be strong enough to defeat God. AT: "he is weak with a fat face and fat loins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## he has covered his face with his fat ## +# which no man inhabits -AT: "his face looks fat and chubby" +"which are abandoned" -## gathered fat upon his loins ## +# heaps -"loins" are often considered the location of physical strength and generative power. To cover them with fat would be to destroy his power and ability to fight. - -## heaps ## - -AT: "disorganized piles" \ No newline at end of file +"ruins" or "dumps" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/29.md b/job/15/29.md index 96cfc3ce27..cf6a7cf8f9 100644 --- a/job/15/29.md +++ b/job/15/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## He will not be rich; his wealth will not last ## +# He will not be rich; his wealth will not last -These two phrases repeat the same thought and are used together to emphasize that the wicked will not be wealthy. AT: "he will be poor; all his money will disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +These two litotes express that he will be the opposite of rich, that he will be poor. AT: "he will be poor; all his money will disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## not even his shadow will last over the earth ## +# not even his shadow will last on the earth -This repeats the idea that all the possessions of the wicked will disappear. Other translations may read: "nor will his possessions spread out over the earth" or "nor will will his grain bend down to the ground" +This repeats the idea that all the possessions of the wicked will disappear. Other translations may read: "nor will his possessions spread out on the earth." -## a flame will dry up his branches ## +# out of darkness -Here the flame represents God's judgment and the drying up of his branches represents either the fact that his possessions disappear, or that he will die. AT: "God will take everything he owns away, like a fire dries out the moist branches of a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Darkness here represents death. AT: "out of the darkness of death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the breath of God’s mouth ## +# a flame will dry up his stalks -AT: "God's breath" or "God's judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the flame represents God's judgment and the drying up of his stalks represents either the fact that his possessions disappear, or that he will die. AT: "God will take everything he owns away, like a fire dries out the moist branches of a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he will go away ## +# the breath of God's mouth -Possible meanings are 1) he will become poor or 2) he will die (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here God's "breath" represents his judgement. AT: "God's breath" or "God's judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will go away + +This refers to him dying. AT: "he will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/31.md b/job/15/31.md index 17fa4e4f06..d60502ccb6 100644 --- a/job/15/31.md +++ b/job/15/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## his branch will not be green ## +# for uselessness will be his reward -AT: "he will look dead, just like the branch of a dead tree does not look green" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is implied that this is what will happen if he trusts in useless things. AT: "for if he trusts in them, uselessness will be his reward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## He will drop his ... he will cast off his ... ## +# his branch will not be green + +This speaks of the man looking pale and dead as if he were a dried out stalk or tree branch. AT: "he will look dead, just like the branch of a dead tree does not look green" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will drop his ... he will cast off his These two lines give a similar image, which is repeated to emphasize that this will surely happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## He will drop his unripe grapes like a grapevine ## +# He will drop his unripe grapes like a grapevine -AT: "Just like a grapevine drops its unripe grapes, so the wicked man will drop his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of the wicked man growing weak and dying as if he were a grapevine dropping unripe grapes. AT: "Just like a grapevine drops its unripe grapes, so the wicked man will drop his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he will cast off his flowers like the olive tree ## +# he will cast off his flowers like the olive tree -AT: "just like an olive tree casts off its flowers, so the wicked man will cast off his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the wicked man growing weak and dying as if he were were an olive tree dropping its flowers. At: "just like an olive tree loses its flowers, so the wicked man will lose his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/34.md b/job/15/34.md index 5eb427865b..b7ec0e98ca 100644 --- a/job/15/34.md +++ b/job/15/34.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## fire will consume their tents of bribery ## +# the company of godless people -AT: "the tents they bought with their bribes will be burned by fire" +"the group of godless people" -## They conceive mischief and give birth to iniquity; their womb conceives deceit ## +# fire will consume their tents of bribery -The same thought is repeated three times to emphasize how much evil these people produce. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The phrase "tents of bribery" means that the wicked people bought these tents with the money they made by bribery. AT: "the tents they bought with their bribes will be burned by fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) -## They conceive mischief ## +# They conceive mischief and give birth to iniquity; their womb conceives deceit -AT: "Like a woman conceives a child, so they conceive mischief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The same thought is repeated three times to emphasize how much evil these people produce. This speaks of a person planning to do evil things and doing them as if the person were conceiving and giving birth to these things as a woman conceives and gives birth to a child. AT: "They plan to cause mischief and do evil things; they are always planning to deceive others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## give birth to iniquity ## +# their womb conceives -AT: "like a woman gives birth to a child, so they produce iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## their womb conceives deceit ## - -AT: "they conceive deceit" or "like a woman conceives a child, so they conceive deceit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the "womb" is used to refer to the person to emphasize conception, as it is in the womb that conception takes place. AT: "they conceive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/15/intro.md b/job/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c32c6dd82 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Eliphaz's advice ##### +Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/01.md b/job/16/01.md index e59e8da10a..f44a607682 100644 --- a/job/16/01.md +++ b/job/16/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Will useless words ever have an end? ## +# you are all miserable comforters -This means "stop this foolish talk". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"instead of comforting me, you all make me more miserable" -## What is wrong with you ## +# Will useless words ever have an end? -This expression means "stop treating me with such disrespect". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job uses this rhetorical question to express that he wishes that they would stop speaking useless words. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "How I wish your useless words would end!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What is wrong with you that you answer like this? + +Job uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Eliphaz. Here the word "you" is singular and refers to Eliphaz, who just finished speaking to Job. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Eliphaz, you should stop answering me like this!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/04.md b/job/16/04.md index c33b124909..720823fb44 100644 --- a/job/16/04.md +++ b/job/16/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## shake my head ## +# I could collect and join words together -"reject what you are saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Job speaks of thinking of useless things to say as if his words were random items that he collected and joined together. AT: "I could think of things to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Oh, how I would encourage you with my mouth! How the comfort from my lips would lighten your grief! ## +# shake my head -Job's sarcasm is communicating: "By saying to you what you said to me earlier, I would not encourage you or lighten your grief." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an action that shows disapproval. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# in mockery + +The word "mockery" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "to mock you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Oh, how I would encourage you with my mouth! How the comfort from my lips would lighten your grief + +Here Job is speaking sarcastically and means the opposite of what he says. AT: "My words would surely not be encouraging to you! They would surely not lighten your grief" or "By speaking to you as you spoke to me earlier, I would not encourage you or lighten your grief!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# with my mouth + +Here Job's "mouth" represents what he says. AT: "with what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the comfort from my lips + +This refers to comforting words that he speaks. AT: "my comforting words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# would lighten your grief + +This speaks of grief as if it were a heavy physical burden. AT: "would lessen your grief" or "would help you feel less grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/06.md b/job/16/06.md index 373846d455..57e71a90d1 100644 --- a/job/16/06.md +++ b/job/16/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## grief ## +# grief Job has experienced great loss of family and health that is unexplained and therefore causes him "great sorrow and emotional pain". -## how am I helped? ## +# how am I helped? -Job asks this question to emphasize that there is no help in keeping silent. AT: "keeping silent does not help me at all." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Job uses this rhetorical question to express that keeping quiet does not lessen his grief. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "it does not help me at all." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## But now, God, you... ## +# But now, God, you Job now turns his complaining to God. -## You have made me dry up ## +# made all my family desolate -"Dry up" is another way to describe how everything Job had has now vanished. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"destroyed all my family" -## the leanness of my body rises up against me, it testifies against... ## +# You have made me dry up -Job describes his body's difficulties as if they were accusers against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This means that Job's body has shriveled and become wrinkled. AT: "You have made my body shrivel up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## against my face ## +# which itself is a witness against me -"Face" represents Job's reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job describes the shriveling of his body as if it were an accuser against him. AT: "and people think that shows me to be a sinner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the leanness of my body rises up against me, and it testifies against + +Job describes the thinness of his body as if it were accuser against him. AT: "They see how thin my body is, and they think that proves that I am guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# against my face + +Here Job is referred to by his "face." AT: "against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/09.md b/job/16/09.md index 959ad9dcfa..a2607e1e74 100644 --- a/job/16/09.md +++ b/job/16/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## torn me with his wrath, gnashed me with his teeth, he tears me apart ## +# God has torn me in his wrath and persecuted me ... as he tears me apart -These expressions refer to God's anger and compare his anger to a wild animal killing its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of God causing Job pain as if God were a wild animal and Job were his prey that he was killing. AT: "Because God is very angry with me, it is as though he were a wild animal that tore my body apart with his teeth because he was my enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## gape ## +# my enemy -This word means "to stare in amazement with open mouth". \ No newline at end of file +Job refers to God as his "enemy" as he describes how he has caused him great pain. + +# fastens his eyes on me + +This is an idiom. AT: "glares at me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# People have gaped with open mouth + +To "gape" means to stare in amazement with open mouth. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/11.md b/job/16/11.md index fbfb54f0cd..28120ce244 100644 --- a/job/16/11.md +++ b/job/16/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## It is as though ... into the power of the wicked ## +# hands me over to ungodly people, and throws me into the hands of wicked people -Job expresses the same idea in two ways to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two lines mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize Job's feeling of having been betrayed by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## dashed me to pieces ## +# hands me over to -Job says that his life is "ruined", like a glass that is dropped on the floor and breaks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "puts me under the control of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## target ## +# throws me into the hands -Job compares himself to a focus of attack and criticism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here a person's "hands" refer to his "control." AT: "delivers me to the control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# and he broke me apart + +Job speaks of his pain and despair as if he himself were something that was broken into pieces. AT: "but then it felt as though he broke me apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dashed me to pieces + +Job speaks of God causing him pain and despair as if he were something that God had taken and smashed into pieces. AT: "it is as though he has taken me by the neck and smashed me to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he has also set me up as his target + +Job speaks of himself being the focus of God's attacks as if God has set him up as a target to shoot arrows at. AT: "it is as though he set me up like a target" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/13.md b/job/16/13.md index 16cfdd29a8..3a144777bb 100644 --- a/job/16/13.md +++ b/job/16/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## pierces my kidneys...pours out my bile ## +# His archers surround me all around -These are parts of Job's body that he mentions to describe himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Job speaks of himself being the focus of God's attacks as if God has set him up as a target and God had archers surrounding him to attack him. AT: "It is as though his archers have me surrounded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## smashes through my wall ## +# God pierces my kidneys and does not spare me; he pours out my bile on the ground -Job's "wall" means his defenses in his speeches to protect himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Job speaks of the pain he is feeling by comparing it to God piercing his body with arrows. Here "God" represents the arrows that he shoots. AT: "It feels like God's arrows have pierced my kidneys and my liver, spilling my bile on the ground. He does not spare me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## like a warrior ## +# He smashes through my wall -Job describes God as a soldier that attacks Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job speaks of the pain that he feels by comparing himself to a wall that God smashes through. AT: "I feel like a wall that God smashes through" or "I feel like a wall that God breaks through" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he runs upon me like a warrior + +Job describes God as a soldier that attacks him. AT: "it is like he is a warrior who runs at me to attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/15.md b/job/16/15.md index a9acafe6a8..72cdb65561 100644 --- a/job/16/15.md +++ b/job/16/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## I have sewn sackcloth to my skin ## +# I have sewn sackcloth on my skin -AT: "I have sewn sackcloth over my body;" Job describes his lamentation as if the cloth was attached to his body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Job speaks of wearing clothing made of sackcloth as if the cloth were attached to his body. People often wore sackcloth to express mourning or great grief. AT: "Because I am mourning, I have sewn together sackcloth to wear as my clothing" or "I wear clothing that I made from sackcloth, because I am mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I have thrust my horn into the ground ## +# I have thrust my horn into the ground -"Horn" represents the power and authority he had before but now is no more. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Job's "horn" represents the power and authority he had before but now is no more. AT: "I sit here in the dirt, very depressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the shadow of death ## +# on my eyelids is the shadow of death -Job describes death as having a shadow that appears on his eyelids. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here Job's eyes are represented by his "eyelids." Job speaks of his eyes' dark appearance as if his eyes looked like the eyes of a dead person. AT: "there are dark circles around my eyes" or "my eyes are dark, like the eyes of a dead person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## no violence in my hands ## +# there is no violence in my hands -"Hands" refers to a person's ability and activity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Hands" refers to a person's ability and activity. AT: "I have not acted violently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/18.md b/job/16/18.md index 620dab6859..0278fe5e1b 100644 --- a/job/16/18.md +++ b/job/16/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Earth do not cover up my blood ## +# Earth, do not cover up my blood -Job talks to the ground as if it could help him keep the evidence of his being treated so badly. AT: "I want it to be known that I died unfairly;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Jobs speaks to the "earth" directly even though it cannot hear him, to add strength to his statement. The earth is personified as purposefully covering up his blood after he dies. AT: "I wish my blood would not soak into the ground but that it would remain on top of the ground as proof of how I died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## let my cry have no resting place ## +# Earth, do not cover up my blood -This expression means, "Let my appeal be very clear to everyone and always be heard". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Job speaks of himself dying as if he would be murdered. Here his "blood" is a metonym referring to his death. AT: "Earth, when I die, do not hide how I died unfairly" or "Let it not be hidden how I died unfairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## my witness is in heaven ## +# let my cry have no resting place -Job trusts that someone will speak up for him to God. +Job speaks of wanting everyone to know what happened to him as if his "cry" were a person that never stopped testifying to what happened to him and never rested. AT: "let everyone hear about what has happened to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## vouches ## +# see -This means "to verify by supplying proof". \ No newline at end of file +Job uses this word to draw attention to what he says next. AT: "listen" + +# vouches + +"testifies" + +# on high + +This is an idiom. AT: "in heaven" or "in heaven on high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/20.md b/job/16/20.md index e21c4ad071..56f766c08a 100644 --- a/job/16/20.md +++ b/job/16/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## scoff ## +# scoff -"scorn" This word means to disrespect and to hate expressed in rudeness or crudeness. +"scorn" or "ridicule" -## my eye pours out tears ## +# my eye pours out tears -Job describes how strongly he feels his sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Job describes how strongly he feels his sorrow. Here he exaggerates how he often cries by saying that tears pour from his eyes. AT: "my eyes are full of tears while I cry out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## as a person pleads for his neighbor ## +# for this man -Job describes how he wants that one in heaven to plead for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"for me." Here Job refers to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## this man ## +# as a man does with his neighbor! -Job refers to himself. \ No newline at end of file +"as a man does for his neighbor." Job describes how he wants that one in heaven to plead for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I will go to a place + +Here Job is referring to himself dying. AT: "I will die and go to a place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/16/intro.md b/job/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..05f44425c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Job 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's response ##### +Job expresses shock and disgust at the advice Eliphaz gives to him. He even mocks Eliphaz. He describes the difficulties of his circumstances but never curses Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +##### Advocate ##### +Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/17/01.md b/job/17/01.md index 2d608025db..ae26e8921c 100644 --- a/job/17/01.md +++ b/job/17/01.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues to speak. -## My spirit is consumed ## +# My spirit is consumed -AT: "I am consumed" or "I have lost all of my strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Job refers to himself by his "spirit" to emphasize his inner emotions. He speaks of not having any strength left as if he were something that has been used up. AT: "I am consumed" or "I have lost all of my strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my days are over ## +# my days are over -AT: "my time is over" or "I am going to die soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"my time is over" or "I am going to die soon" -## the grave is ready for me ## +# the grave is ready for me -This phrase describes the grave, which refers to death, as if it is a person who will receive Job as a guest. AT: "death is ready to receive me" or "soon I will be dead and buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This phrase describes "the grave" as if it is a person who will receive Job as a guest. AT: "soon I will be dead and buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Surely ## +# Surely there are mockers with me -"Indeed" AT: "I am sure of this" +"Those who are around me are mocking me" -## my eye must always see ## +# Surely -AT: "I must always see" or "I must always hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Indeed" -## their provocation ## +# my eye must always see -AT: "them provoking me" or "their insults" or "them, trying to make me angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Job refers to himself by his "eyes" to emphasize what he sees. AT: "I must always see" or "I must always hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Give now a pledge, be a guarantee for me with yourself ## +# their provocation -Job begins to speak to God. AT: "please provide my bail money" or "pay for my release from prison" +"their insults." The word "provocation" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "them provoking me" or "them, trying to make me angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## who else is there who will help me? ## +# Give now a pledge, be a guarantee for me with yourself -The implicit answer is: "no one." AT: "there is no one else who can help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job begins to speak to God. Here he speaks of his situation as if he were in prison. He is asking God to provide a pledge so that he may be released. AT: "God, give now a pledge so that I may be released from this prison" or "pay for my release from prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who else is there who will help me? + +Job uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no one else to help him. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "there is no one else who will help me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/17/04.md b/job/17/04.md index 085a615a33..ac95160c52 100644 --- a/job/17/04.md +++ b/job/17/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues to speak. -## have kept their hearts ## +# have kept their hearts -AT: "have kept their minds" or "have kept them" or "have kept my three friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "their" refers to his friends. They are referred to by their "hearts" to emphasize their emotions. AT: "have kept them" or "have kept my friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## you will not exalt them over me ## +# you will not exalt them over me -AT: "you will not allow them to triumph over me" or "you will not allow them to defeat me" +"you will not allow them to triumph over me" -## He who ## +# He who "Anyone who" -## denounces his friends for a reward ## +# denounces his friends for a reward -AT: "falsely accuses his friends in order to get a profit" or "betrays his friends in order to get a portion of his goods" +"falsely accuses his friends in order to get a profit" or "betrays his friends to receive a reward" -## the eyes of his children will fail ## +# the eyes of his children will fail -AT: "his children will suffer for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The person's children are referred to here by their "eyes." This phrase describes the children suffering because of what their father or mother did. AT: "his children will suffer for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/17/06.md b/job/17/06.md index f03dadb7d3..45cdae3ff1 100644 --- a/job/17/06.md +++ b/job/17/06.md @@ -1,37 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues to speak. -## he has made me a byword of the people ## +# he has made me a byword of the people -AT: "because of him, people use my name as a byword" or "because of them, people use my name as a byword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This means that people speak of him in a mocking way and use his name as an insult. AT: "because of him, people use my name as an insult" or "because of them, people use my name as a byword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## a byword ## +# they spit in my face -"an insult" AT: "a joke" +"people spit in my face." In this culture spitting on someone was a great insult. If spitting has a different meaning in your culture you can write this differently. AT: "people insult me greatly, by spitting in my face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## they spit in my face ## +# My eye is also dim because of sorrow -"people spit in my face" AT: "people insult me deeply" +Job speaks of his vision as his "eyes." AT: "My vision has become weak because I am so sad" or "I am almost blind because of my sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## My eye is also dim because of sorrow ## +# all my body parts are as thin as shadows -AT: "My vision has become weak because I am so sad" or "I am almost blind because of the grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Shadows have no thickness and are infinitely thin. That is an exaggeration of how thin Job's body parts are. AT: "all my body parts are very thin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## all my body parts are as thin as shadows ## +# all my body parts -Shadows have no thickness and are infinitely thin. That is how thin Job's body parts are. AT: "all my body parts are very thin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is a generalization used to emphasize that his whole body is thin, but refers specifically to his arms and legs. AT: "my arms and legs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## all my body parts ## +# stunned -AT: "my arms and legs" +"shocked" or "horrified" -## will be stunned ## +# by this -"will be shocked" or "will be horrified" +"by what has happened to me" -## by this ## +# will stir himself up against -AT: "because of what happened" or "by what has happened to me" - -## will stir himself up against ## - -AT: "will be distressed because of" or "will be very angry with" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "will be distressed because of" or "will be very angry with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/17/09.md b/job/17/09.md index 97bf04f384..9621a38ff3 100644 --- a/job/17/09.md +++ b/job/17/09.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues to speak. -## will keep to his way ## +# will keep to his way -AT: "will hold firmly to his way" or "will continue to live in a righteous way" +This is an idiom. AT: "will continue to live in a righteous way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he who has clean hands ## +# he who has clean hands -AT: "he who is clean" or "he who does what is right" or "he who is innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This speaks of a person being innocent as having clean hands. AT: "he who does what is right" or "he who is innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will grow stronger and stronger ## +# will grow stronger and stronger -"adds strenght" AT: "becomes cleaner" or "becomes more righteous" +This does not refer only to physical strength but also to the strength of a person's will and emotions. -## you all ## +# you all Job is speaking to Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. -## come on now ## +# come on now -Job invites his friends to repeat their arguments. AT: "come on then, argue with me again" - -## I will not find a wise man among you ## - -AT: "none of you are wise" or "all of you are foolish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job invites his friends to debate what he has said. AT: "come on now, argue with me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/17/11.md b/job/17/11.md index a87a280302..46739600e8 100644 --- a/job/17/11.md +++ b/job/17/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues to speak. -## My days are past ## +# My days are past -AT: "My time is past" or "My life is over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "My time is past" or "My life is over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## my plans are over ## +# my plans are shattered, and so are the desires of my heart -AT: "my plans will never happen" +Here Job's "heart" represents his inner being. AT: "my plans will never happen, nor will the things that I have desired most" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## even the wishes of my heart ## +# These people, these mockers -AT: "even my wishes will never happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +These two phrases refer to the same people, namely Job's friends, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. The second phrase emphasizes their unfriendly attitude. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## These people, these mockers ## +# change the night into day -These two words refer to the same people, namely Job's friends, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. He uses two words to emphasize their unfriendly attitude. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This speaks of the people claiming that night is day as if they actually changed night into day. AT: "claim it is daytime when it is night" or "say the opposite of what is true, just as night is the opposite of day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## change the night into day ## +# light is near to darkness -AT: "they claim it is daytime when it is night" or "what they say is the opposite of what is true, just like the night is the opposite of the day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that the mockers claim that it is light when it is close to dark. AT: "they claim that light is near to darkness" or "they claim that when it is becoming dark, that it is getting light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/17/13.md b/job/17/13.md index 7b4afe9b83..43ae1db6e9 100644 --- a/job/17/13.md +++ b/job/17/13.md @@ -1,33 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues to speak. -## I look at sheol as my home ## +# I look at Sheol as my home -AT: "I think of sheol as my home" or "Sheol is like my home" or "I will soon be at home among other dead people" +To "look at" something a certain way means to "think" of it that way. AT: "I think of Sheol as my home" or "I now consider Sheol my home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## have spread my couch in the darkness ## +# have spread my couch in the darkness -AT: "have made my bed in the darkness" or "have prepared myself to go and sleep among the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here Job speaks of being prepared to die as having laid his bed in the darkness. AT: "have prepared myself to go and sleep among the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I have said to the pit... and to the worm ... ## +# have spread my couch + +"have made my bed" + +# I have said to the pit ... and to the worm These two lines are a variation to each other and are used together to emphasize how desperate Job is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## You are my father ## +# the pit -Job feels as though "corruption" is as familar as a father. AT: "You are as close to me as my father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"the grave" -## the worm ## +# You are my father -Worms are the small creatures that eat dead bodies. +Job speaks of the closeness he will soon have with his grave by comparing it to the closeness a man has with his father. AT: "You are as close to me as my father" or "When I am buried, you will be as close to me as a father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You are my mother or my sister ## +# the worm -Job feels as though "the worm" is as familar as a mother or a sister. AT: "You are as close to me as my mother or my sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"the maggot." Worms are the small creatures that eat dead bodies. -## where then is my hope? ## +# You are my mother or my sister -The implicit answer is "now where", because he has no hope. AT: "I have no hope" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Job speaks of the closeness he will soon have with the worms in his grave by comparing it to the closeness a man has with his mother and sisters. AT: "You are as close to me as my mother or my sister" or "You will be as close to me as a mother or sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## As for my hope, who can see any? ## +# where then is my hope? -The implicit answer is "no one can see my hope", because he has none. AT: "As for my hope, I do not have any" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The implicit answer is "nowhere," because he has no hope. This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "I have no hope." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# As for my hope, who can see any? + +This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that that no one expects him to have any hope. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can see any hope for me." or "No one expects me to have any more hope." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/17/16.md b/job/17/16.md index c15b45ad2b..b4bc1a1e96 100644 --- a/job/17/16.md +++ b/job/17/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Will hope go down with me ... ## +# Will hope go down with me ... dust? -The implicit answer is "no." AT: "Hope will not go down with me ..." or "I will no longer hope when I go down ..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The implicit answer is "no." This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Hope will not go down with me ... dust." or "I will no longer hope when I go down ... dust." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## gates of sheol ## +# gates of Sheol -Sheol does not really have gates, but it is a metaphor for Job entering sheol. AT: "when I go into sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Sheol does not really have gates, but it is a metaphor for Job entering Sheol. AT: "when I go into Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## when we ## +# when we -The word "we" refers to Job and his hope. +"when I and the things that I hope for" or "when I and my hopes." The word "we" refers to Job and his hope. -## descend to the dust ## +# descend to the dust -"go down into the dirt" AT: "go to sheol" or "die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "die and are buried" or "go to the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/17/intro.md b/job/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..951b08db8f --- /dev/null +++ b/job/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Job 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Eliphaz, but it is more directly addressed to Yahweh. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's grief ##### +Job expresses grief or great sadness in this chapter. He awaits the justice and intercession of Yahweh as he awaits his own death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]]) + +##### Advocate ##### +Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/01.md b/job/18/01.md index c4ec3bc251..04d20a4dd6 100644 --- a/job/18/01.md +++ b/job/18/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]\\ +# General Information: + +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] + +# General Information: + Bildad the Shuhite is speaking to Job. -## Then Bildad the Shuhite answered and said ## +# Then Bildad the Shuhite answered and said -See how you translated this in [Job 8:1](../08/01.md). +"Bildad" is the name of a man who is a member of the tribe of Shuah. See how you translated this in [Job 8:1](../08/01.md). -## When will you stop your talk? ## +# When will you stop your talk? -This question means that Job has been talking for too long. AT: "Stop talking!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question means that Job has been talking for too long. This may be written as a statement. AT: "Stop talking!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Consider ## +# Consider -"Be reasonable" or "Show that you have some basic wisdom" \ No newline at end of file +"Be reasonable" or "Think about these things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/03.md b/job/18/03.md index ee3eb1116f..bf5c9fbf36 100644 --- a/job/18/03.md +++ b/job/18/03.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Bildad continues speaking to Job. -## Why are we regarded as beasts ## +# Why are we regarded as beasts -AT: "You should not think that we are like animals." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Bildad uses this rhetorical question to emphasize to Job that he should not consider them to be dumb. He speaks of them being considered dumb by calling them "beasts." This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not think that we are like beasts." or "You should not think that we are dumb like animals." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why are we ## +# Why are we The word "we" probably refers to Bildad and Job's other friends. -## why have we become stupid in your sight ## +# why have we become stupid in your sight -AT: "We are not stupid like you think we are." +Bildad uses this rhetorical question that he should not consider them to be stupid. AT: "We are not stupid like you think we are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## stupid ## +# in your sight -Possible meanings are 1) dumb or 2) unclean. +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You who tear at yourself in your anger ## +# You who tear at yourself in your anger -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Job 16:9](../16/09.md). Here, Bildad says that it is not God who tore Job in his wrath, but rather it is Job who tore himself in his own wrath. +Here Bildad is stating that it is because of Job's anger and disobedience that he has been injured, not because of God's anger as Job has previously claimed. The word "tear" here means to "injure." AT: "You who have caused your own injuries because of your anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## should the earth be forsaken for you ## +# should the earth be forsaken for you or should the rocks be removed out of their places? -This phrase suggests that letting a guilty man go free would be like changing the laws of nature. AT: "Asking God to let a guilty man go free is as silly as asking him to change the entire order of the world." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This rhetorical question suggests that letting Job, whom they consider a guilty man, go free would be like changing the whole world. Bildad uses these huge exaggerations here to emphasize how outrageous he thinks this is. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Asking God to let you, a guilty man, go free is as silly as asking for God to forsake the earth for your sake or for God to move the rocks out of their places to please you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## should the earth be forsaken ## +# should the earth be forsaken -AT: "should everyone leave the earth?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "should everyone leave the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## should the rocks be removed out of their places ## +# should the rocks be removed out of their places -AT: "should God move mountains around?" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. The word "rocks" here refers to large rocks, such as those in the mountains. AT: "should God remove the rocks from their places" or "should God move mountains around" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/05.md b/job/18/05.md index a61c61bf2a..0be348e4cc 100644 --- a/job/18/05.md +++ b/job/18/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Bildad continues speaking to Job. -## Indeed, the light...his lamp above him will be put out ## +# Indeed, the light of the wicked person will be put out; the spark of his fire will not shine -Bildad uses these images to say that the wicked will experience sudden and complete disaster or death. Light represent prosperity, joy, and life. Darkness poverty, sorrow, and death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Bildad speaks of a wicked person dying as if his lamp were being blown out. AT: "What will happen is that the lives of wicked people like you end as quickly as we can put out a light or extinguish the flame of a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will be put out ## +# will be put out -"will go out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will go out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The light will be dark ## +# The light will be dark in his tent; his lamp above him will be put out -AT: "The light will turn into darkness" \ No newline at end of file +Bildad continues to speak of the wicked person dying. He speaks of the wicked man's life as if it were the light in his tent. AT: It will be like the light in his tent has turned to darkness, like the lamp above him has gone out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/07.md b/job/18/07.md index d545aa3652..0b733a35fb 100644 --- a/job/18/07.md +++ b/job/18/07.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -## The steps of his strength...into a pitfall ## +# The steps of his strength will be made short -Bildad uses these images to say that the wicked experience sudden disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of the wicked person suddenly experiencing disaster as if he no longer had strength to walk. AT: "It will be like he no longer has the strength to walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The steps of his strength ## +# his own plans will cast him down -"The steps he takes when he is strong" or "His strong steps" +"his own advice makes him fall down." This speaks of the wicked person undergoing disaster as if he fell down. AT: "his own plans will lead him into disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will be made short ## +# For he will be thrown into a net by his own feet; he will walk into a pitfall -"will become short." When a person is strong, he is able to take long and quick steps. When a person is weak, he can only take short steps. +"His own feet will lead him into a net." Bildad uses this image to say that the way that a wicked person lives his life leads him to sudden disaster. AT: "It will be as though he led himself into a net, as if he walked right into a pitfall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his own plans will cast him down ## - -"his own advice makes him fall down" - -## For he will thrown into a net by his own feet ## - -"His own feet will lead him into a net." Bildad uses this image to say that the way that a wicked person lives his life leads him to sudden disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## a net ## +# a net cords or ropes that people weave together to create a mesh. People used nets to catch animals. -## a pitfall ## +# a pitfall a pit that has branches and leaves over it so that an animal will walk onto the branches and leaves and fall into the pit \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/09.md b/job/18/09.md index 8a34f34dc0..38b7f7ef50 100644 --- a/job/18/09.md +++ b/job/18/09.md @@ -1,37 +1,35 @@ -Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. +# General Information: -## A trap will take him...will chase him at his heels. ## +Bildad continues to speak and uses three parallel images to describe how suddenly the wicked person will experience disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Bildad uses these images three times over to emphasize to say that the wicked experience sudden disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# A trap will take him ... a snare will ... A noose is ... and a trap for him in the way -## A trap ## +These four phrases speak of the wicked man experiencing disaster as if he were caught in a trap. AT: "It will be as though a trap will take him ... a snare will ... A noose is ... and a trap for him in the way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# A trap People used this kind of trap to catch birds. The trap snapped shut and held on to the foot of the bird. -## will take him by the heel ## +# will take him by the heel -"will take hold of his foot" +Here the "heel" refers to the whole foot. AT: "will take hold of his foot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## a snare will lay hold on him ## +# A noose is hidden for him on the ground -"will hold him tight" or "will hold him so he cannot get away" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone has hidden a noose on the ground in order to catch him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## A noose is hidden for him on the ground ## +# A noose -AT: "Someone will hide a noose on the ground in order to catch him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +a rope with a loop that grabs hold of an animal's leg when the animal steps in the middle of the loop -## A noose ## +# a trap for him -a rope with loop that grabs hold of an animals leg when the animal steps in the middle of the loop +The understood verbal phrase "is hidden" may be supplied. AT: "a trap is hidden on the path to catch him" or "someone will hide a trap to catch him in the way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## and a trap for him in the way ## - -"and there is a trap on the path to catch him" - -## Terrors will make him afraid on every side ## +# Terrors will make him afraid on every side "Terrors all around will make him afraid" -## they will chase him at his heels ## +# they will chase him at his heels -"they will chase him all over" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the things that terrify the wicked person as if they were enemies who chased him. AT: "it will be as if the terrors will chase him all around" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/12.md b/job/18/12.md index 5fe219f692..ca3c6daf7c 100644 --- a/job/18/12.md +++ b/job/18/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -## His wealth will turn into hunger ## +# His wealth will turn into hunger -AT: "Instead of being wealthy, he will be hungry" +This speaks of the wicked man becoming poor and hungry as if his wealth were something that turned into something else. AT: "Instead of being wealthy, he will become poor and hungry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and calamity will be ready at his side ## +# calamity will be ready at his side -"and disaster will be ready by his side" or AT: "and he will suddenly experience disaster." +The phrase "ready at his side" is an idiom that means that something is continually present. AT: "he will continually experience disaster" or "he will not be able to avoid calamity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## The parts of his body will be devoured ## +# The parts of his body will be devoured -"Disease will eat away at his skin" or "Disease will destroy his skin" +This can be stated in active form. Also, this speaks of a disease destroying his body as if it were an animal that had attacked him and was eating him. AT: "Disease will eat away at his skin" or "Disease will destroy his skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the firstborn of death will devour his parts ## +# the firstborn of death will devour his parts -The phrase "the firstborn of death" refers to diseases which kill people. AT: "a deadly disease will destroy the the different parts of his body." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here a disease that kills many people is referred to as "the firstborn of death." This speaks of that disease destroying his body as if it were an animal that had attacked him and was eating him. AT: "a deadly disease will destroy the different parts of his body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/14.md b/job/18/14.md index 3c35c47f46..9c34ba78f9 100644 --- a/job/18/14.md +++ b/job/18/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -## He will be torn out of his tent ## +# He is torn from the safety of his tent -AT: "Disaster will rip him out of his tent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Disaster rips him out of his tent, where he is safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he will be brought to death ## +# marched off -AT: "disaster will make him march to death" or "disaster will make him die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it marches him off" or "it forces him to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the king of terrors ## +# the king of terrors -Bildad refers to "death" as "the king of terrors" because death is more terrifying than anything else that is terrifying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a reference to "King Death," a pagan god who was believed to rule over death. AT: "the one who rules over the dead" or "the king of death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## People not his own will live in his tent ## +# People not his own -"Other people will live in his tent." This refers to people who are not part of the wicked persons family. +"People who are not his family" -## after they see that sulfur is scattered within his home ## +# after they see that sulfur is scattered within his home -"after they spread sulfur all over his home." People used sulfur to get rid of any diseases from a dying person. \ No newline at end of file +People used sulfur to get rid of any diseases from a dying person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "after they spread sulfur all over his home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/16.md b/job/18/16.md index 84e7017462..0690e59af9 100644 --- a/job/18/16.md +++ b/job/18/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -## His roots will be dried up...branch be cut off ## +# His roots will be dried up ... branch be cut off -This compares a wicked person to a sick tree that looses its roots and branches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This speaks of the wicked man dying and having no descendants as if he were a tree whose roots dried up and branches withered, producing no fruit. AT: "He will die and leave no descendants, he will be like a tree whose roots have dried up and whose branches have all withered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## His memory will perish...no name in the street ## +# will his branch be cut off -These phrases are used together to emphasize the fact that nobody will remember him anymore. AT: "Everybody in the world will forget about him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his branches will wither" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# His memory will perish from the earth; he will have no name in the street + +These phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize the fact that nobody will remember him after he dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# His memory will perish from the earth + +This speaks of the "memory" of the wicked man as if it were a person who died. AT: "No one on the earth will remember him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will have no name in the street + +This is an idiom. AT: "no one walking along the street will even remember his name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/18.md b/job/18/18.md index 7e13b4e6df..74d45e7446 100644 --- a/job/18/18.md +++ b/job/18/18.md @@ -1,29 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -## He will be driven...out of this world ## +# He will be driven from light into darkness ... and be chased out of this world These phrases together emphasize the fact that the wicked person will be sent to Sheol, the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## He will be driven from light into darkness ## +# He will be driven from light into darkness -AT: "God will drive the wicked person from light into darkness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will drive the wicked person from light into darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## from light into darkness ## +# from light into darkness -The word "light" refers life, and the word "darkness" refers to death. +The word "light" refers to life, and the word "darkness" refers to death. AT: "from the light of life to the darkness of death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and be chased out of this world ## +# be chased out of this world -AT: "and God will send him to the place where dead people go." +This speaks of God making him leave earth and go where dead people go as if he were chasing him. AT: "God will make him leave this world" or "God will send him to the place where dead people go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He will have no son...remaining kinfolk where he had stayed ## +# be chased out -"He will not have any children to continue his family line." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will chase him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## kinfolk ## +# He will have no son ... nor any remaining kinfolk where he had stayed + +Together these two phrases emphasize that he will have no family or descendants left. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# son's son + +"grandson" or "grandchild" + +# kinfolk "relatives" -## Those who live in the west...will be frightened by it ## +# Those who live in the west ... those who live in the east will be frightened by it -"Everyone in the whole world will be scared when they see what happens to the evil person." \ No newline at end of file +The phrases "in the west" and "in the east" are together a merism that refers to all people living everywhere. This is an exaggeration as not everyone on the earth will hear about what happened to a specific wicked person. AT: "Everyone in the whole world will be horrified and frightened when they see what happens to the wicked person" or "Many people who live in the east and in the west will be horrified and frightened when they see what happens to the wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# one day + +"someday" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/21.md b/job/18/21.md index 9bc95c0cbe..d2cc02875a 100644 --- a/job/18/21.md +++ b/job/18/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Bildad continues to describe the wicked person. -## such are the homes of unrighteous people ## +# the homes of unrighteous people, the places of those who do not know God -"that is what happens to the homes of unrighteous people." Bildad uses this phrase to conclude his comments on what happens to a wicked person. - -## the places of those who do not know God ## - -AT: "that is what happens to places that do not know God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases have the same meaning and refer to the same people. Here these people are referred to by the places where they live. AT: "unrighteous people, those who do not know God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/18/intro.md b/job/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..20ff55269a --- /dev/null +++ b/job/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Job 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Bildad's advice ##### +Bildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/01.md b/job/19/01.md index 8dc033ece3..96bb437c68 100644 --- a/job/19/01.md +++ b/job/19/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Job speaks to his three friends. + +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## Then Job answered and said ## +# How long will you make me suffer and break me into pieces with words -See how you translated this in [Job 6:1](../06/01.md). +Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. AT: "Stop making me suffer and breaking me into pieces with words." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## How long will you make me suffer and break me into pieces with words ## +# break me into pieces with words -AT: "Stop making me suffer and breaking me into pieces with words." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## will you make me suffer ## - -The word "you" refers to the three friends of Job, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. - -## break me into pieces with words ## - -Job uses this image to say that his words make him feel very sad and hopeless. AT: "and torment me with your words." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job uses this image to say that their words make him feel very sad and hopeless. AT: "torment me with your words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/03.md b/job/19/03.md index b3b624f58f..486cd21b09 100644 --- a/job/19/03.md +++ b/job/19/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## These ten times you have reproached me ## +# These ten times you have reproached me -The phrase "These ten times" refers to the way that the friends have completely rebuked Job. AT: "You have completely reproached me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The phrase "These ten times" refers to the way that the friends have completely rebuked Job. AT: "You have completely reproached me" or "You have reproached me many times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## have treated me harshly ## +# you are not ashamed that you have treated me harshly + +Job is rebuking them for this. This can be written in positive form. AT: "You should be ashamed that you have treated me so harshly" + +# have treated me harshly "have despised me" or "have publicly ridiculed me" -## have erred ## +# have erred "have sinned by accident" or "mistakenly sinned" -## my error ## +# my error remains my own concern -"my sin" or "my mistake" +Job implies that his friends are not responsible for continuing to rebuke him since he is the one who made the error. AT: "my error is my own responsibility, so you should not continue to rebuke me" or "my error did not hurt you, so you should not continue to rebuke me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## remains my own concern ## +# my error -Job implies that his friends are not responsible for continuing to rebuke him. AT: "is my own responsibility and you should not continue to rebuke me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"my sin" or "my mistake" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/05.md b/job/19/05.md index 2c3c9ee664..068ca5ac06 100644 --- a/job/19/05.md +++ b/job/19/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## If indeed you will boast against me ## +# If indeed you will exalt yourselves above me -"Since indeed you act as though you are better than me" +"If you think you are better than I am" or "Since you act as though you are better than I am" -## am disgraced ## +# use my humiliation against me -AT: "have done something disgraceful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +How his friends would do this can be stated clearly. AT: "claim that my humiliation is proof against me" or "use my humiliation as evidence that I am guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## has caught me in his net ## +# use my humiliation against me -Job compares God with a hunter that has violently caught an innocent animal in his net. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "humiliation" can be expressed with the verb "humiliate." AT: "claim that what has happened to humiliate me proves that I am guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# has caught me in his net + +Job speaks as if God were a hunter that has trapped Job in his net. This metaphor represents God taking control of Job and Job's feeling of helplessness. AT: "has trapped me" or "has taken control of me" or "has control of what happens to me, so that I am helpless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/07.md b/job/19/07.md index 36ab9547cc..1eca1ecfec 100644 --- a/job/19/07.md +++ b/job/19/07.md @@ -1,41 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## See ## +# See -The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" -## I call out to say that I have been done wrong ## +# Violence! -"I scream 'Violence'" or "I shout 'Injustice'." Job shouts "Violence" as a short and urgent way of saying "Help me because someone is treating me violently." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This is a cry for help. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Violence! Help!" or "Help! I am being attacked!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## but I am not heard ## - -AT: "but no one hears me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## I call out for help ## +# I call out for help "I shout for help" or "I cry for help" -## but there is no justice ## +# but there is no justice -AT: "no one helps me and gets justice for me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated with a phrase that makes the meaning clear. AT: "but no one protects me from those who do me wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## He has walled up...darkness in my path ## +# He has walled up ... darkness in my path -Job uses these images to say that God has made him feel helpless and hopeless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Job uses these images to describe how God has made him feel helpless and hopeless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He has walled up my way so that I cannot pass ## +# He has walled up my way so that I cannot pass -"God has put a wall on the road that I am walking on" +"God has put a wall on the road that I am walking on" or "He has blocked the way so I cannot keep going" -## He has stripped...the crown from my head ## +# He has stripped ... the crown from my head -Job uses these images to say that God has taken his good reputation, wealth and prosperity away from him. "Crown" refers to Job's good reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Job uses these images to say that God has taken his good reputation, wealth, and dignity away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He has stripped me of my glory ## +# He has stripped me of my glory -"He has taken away my glory." Job describes his glory as a robe that God has taken off of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Job speaks of his glory as if it were a robe that God has taken away. AT: "He has taken away my glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the crown from my head ## +# he has taken the crown from my head -"the crown that was on my head" \ No newline at end of file +The crown refers to Job's dignity or honor. AT: "he has taken away my dignity and honor" or "it is as though he has taken my crown off my head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/10.md b/job/19/10.md index 89e721075b..c2c7135136 100644 --- a/job/19/10.md +++ b/job/19/10.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## he has broken me down on every side ## +# He has broken me down on every side -Job compares himself to a building that God is smashing. AT: "God destroys me like someone destroys a building." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Job speaks of God ruining him as if Job were building that God is smashing down. AT: "He has ruined me in every way" or "He has attacked me in every way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and I am gone ## +# I am gone -"and I am completely destroyed" +The metaphor "being gone" represents being completely destroyed. AT: "I am completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he has plucked up my hopes like a tree ## +# he has plucked up my hopes like a tree -Job compares his hopes to a tree that someone pulls out of the ground. AT: "What I wanted most, God has pulled up like a tree." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Job speaks of God causing Job not to have hope as if Job's hope were a tree. Instead of cutting down the tree, God pulled the whole tree with its roots out of the ground. AT: "he has completely taken away all my hope" or "because of what he has done, I can no longer hope for anything good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## He has also kindled his wrath against me ## +# He has also kindled his wrath against me -Job compares the anger of God to a fire. AT: "God has also lit a fire of anger against me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Job speaks of God's wrath as if it were a fire. AT: "God has also lit a fire of anger against me" or "God has also become very angry with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he regards me as one of his adversaries ## +# he regards me as one of his adversaries -"God treats me like one of his enemies" +"he thinks of me as an enemy" -## His troops come on together ## +# His troops come on together -Job compares the way that God is attacking him to the way that an army attacks a city. AT: "God sends his army to attack me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was a city and God was sending an army to attack it. AT: "God sends his army to attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they cast up siege mounds against me ## +# they cast up siege mounds against me -The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain. It may describe the way an army piles up dirt against a city wall in order to climb over the wall and attack the city. AT: "the soldiers pile up dirt in order to climb over my city wall." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was a city and God's army was piling up dirt against the city wall in order to climb over the wall and attack the city. AT: "the soldiers pile up dirt in order to climb over my wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and encamp around my tent ## +# encamp around my tent -AT: "they camp around my house and prepare the attack." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was in his tent and God's army was camping around him and preparing to attack him. AT: "they camp around my tent and prepare to attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/13.md b/job/19/13.md index aae0130409..32f3098228 100644 --- a/job/19/13.md +++ b/job/19/13.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## He has put my brothers far from me ## +# He has put my brothers far from me -"God caused my brothers to be far away from me." This image means that Job's brothers refuse to help him. AT: "God caused my brothers to refuse to help me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Being "far from" someone represents being unwilling to relate to him or help him. AT: "God has caused my brothers to stay away from me" or "God caused my brothers to refuse to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my acquaintances are wholly alienated from me ## +# my acquaintances are wholly alienated from me -"my friends even treat me like they were strangers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my acquaintances have alienated themselves from me" or "my friends treat me like a stranger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## My kinsfolk have failed me ## +# My kinsfolk have failed me "My relatives have left me without help" -## my close friends ## +# my close friends "my intimate friends" -## have forgotten ## +# have forgotten me -refuse to treat a person according to former deeds and relationship. Job compares forgetting to refusal to help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"have abandoned me" or "have neglected me." This means that they refuse to treat him according to how he and they had related to each other in the past. It implies that they abandoned him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/15.md b/job/19/15.md index 6dbb130071..d44f4ce6a5 100644 --- a/job/19/15.md +++ b/job/19/15.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## regard me ## +# regard me "consider me" -## I am an alien in their sight ## +# I am an alien in their sight -AT: "they think of me as a foreigner." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Job describes how people now think of him as an outsider. Here sight represents judgement or evaluation. AT: "they think of me as a foreigner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in their sight ## +# but he gives me no answer -"from their perspective" or "in their opinion" Job uses the ability to see to the opinion people have. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"but he does not respond to me" or "but he does not come to me." The answer is a response to Job's call. -## my servant ## +# although I entreat him with my mouth -This was Job's male servant, who was probably highly trusted and dear to Job. +The phrase "my mouth" is a metonym which refers to Job speaking. AT: "even though I speak to him and plead with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## but he gives me no answer ## - -"but he does not answer" - -## although I entreat him with my mouth ## - -The phrase "with my mouth" refers to speaking. AT: "even though I speak to him and plead with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## entreat him ## +# entreat him "plead with him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/17.md b/job/19/17.md index 111089f42e..4627e16389 100644 --- a/job/19/17.md +++ b/job/19/17.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## is offensive ## +# My breath is offensive to my wife -"is repulsive" or "is abhorrent." Job's breath is repulsive because is smell awful. +Here "breath" represents the smell of his breath. If something is offensive to someone, it means that he hates it. AT: "My wife hates the smell of my breath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## are loathsome ## +# those who were born from my mother's womb -"are repulsive" or "are offensive" +Job refers to his brothers and sisters this way to imply that they are people who should love him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "my own brothers who should love me" or "my brothers and sisters who should love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## despise me ## +# despise me -"abhor me" or "detest me" +"hate me" or "detest me" -## if I rise to speak ## - -"whenever I try to get up" - -## they speak against me ## +# they speak against me "they ridicule me" or "they make fun of me" -## All my familiar friends ## +# All my familiar friends -"All my closest friends" or "All of my friends with whom I shared my secrets" +"All my closest friends" or "All of my friends with whom I shared my secrets." This refers to his closest friends. -## abhor me ## +# abhor me -"are disgusted by me" +"think I am disgusting" -## have turned against me ## +# have turned against me "have betrayed me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/20.md b/job/19/20.md index 89f6bdeabf..0dab48cb4b 100644 --- a/job/19/20.md +++ b/job/19/20.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## My bones cling to my skin and to my flesh ## +# My bones cling to my skin and to my flesh -Job is so thin that his skin and flesh barely cover his bones. +"I am just skin and bones" or "My skin sticks to my bones." Job speaks of his bones, skin, and flesh to describe his appearance. He was extremely thin, and people could easily see the shape of his bones. Some languages have idioms for this. -## I survive only by the skin of my teeth ## +# I survive only by the skin of my teeth -AT: "I am barely alive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This idiom means that he is barely surviving, that he almost does not survive. AT: "I am barely alive" or "I hardly survive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Have pity upon me ## +# Have pity upon me "Have compassion on me" -## for the hand of God has touched me ## +# for the hand of God has touched me -"Hand" represents the power and authority of God. AT: "because God has afflicted me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "touched me" is a metonym for "hit me." And, "hand" represents God's power. Causing Job to suffer is spoken of as if Yahweh were physically hitting him with his hand. AT: "because God has afflicted me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Why do you persecute me... ## +# Why do you persecute me ... God? -AT: "You should not persecute me..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. AT: "Do not persecute me ... God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why are you not satisfied with consuming my flesh ## +# Why are you not satisfied with consuming my flesh? -Job uses this image to compare a person who slanders another person with an animal that eats another animal. AT: "Stop violently slandering me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. AT: "You have consumed my flesh enough!" or "Stop consuming my flesh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why are you not satisfied with consuming my flesh? + +Job speaks of his friends speaking so cruelly to him as if they were wild beasts eating up another animal. AT: "Stop violently slandering me." or "Stop attacking me with your words." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/23.md b/job/19/23.md index 6749bdc95f..2311e22c5e 100644 --- a/job/19/23.md +++ b/job/19/23.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## Oh, that my words were now written down ## +# Oh, that my words were now written down -AT: "I wish that someone would write down my words." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. AT: "I wish that someone would write down my words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Oh, that they were inscribed in a book ## +# my words -AT: "I wish that someone would write them in a book." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"what I am saying" -## Oh, that with an iron pen and lead "I wish that someone would use an iron chisel and lead to carve them in the rock forever." ## +# Oh, that they were inscribed in a book -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. AT: "I wish that someone would write them in a book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## an iron pen ## +# Oh, that with an iron pen and lead they were engraved in the rock forever -"an iron chisel." This was a tool made out of hard iron that people used to carve rocks. +This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. AT: "I wish that someone would use an iron pen and lead to carve them in the rock forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and lead ## +# an iron pen -Lead is a soft metal. We do not know how people used lead when carving rock. They might have filled the letters of the inscription with lead in order to make the inscription last longer. \ No newline at end of file +"an iron chisel." This was a tool used for writing. It was made of iron so that people could carve words in rock. + +# lead + +Lead is a soft metal. We do not know how people used lead when carving rock. They may have filled the letters of the inscription with lead in order to make the inscription last longer. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/25.md b/job/19/25.md index 140e4dc3d1..dc3a7af60c 100644 --- a/job/19/25.md +++ b/job/19/25.md @@ -1,37 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## my Redeemer ## +# my Redeemer -a person who will rescue Job by proving Job's innocence, restoring his honor, and giving him justice +"My Defender." Here "Redeemer" refers to a person who will rescue Job by proving Job's innocence, restoring his honor, and giving him justice. -## at last ## +# at last he will stand on the earth -This refers to the time when the argument about Job's guilt is finally resolved. +This refers to standing to speak in court. Possible meanings are 1) the Redeemer will be the last one to speak in the court. AT: "he will judge whether or not I am guilty" or 2) the Redeemer will stand in this final court to defend Job. AT: "at last he will defend me in court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he will stand ## +# after my skin ... is destroyed -This refers to the Redeemer standing as a witness or advocate for Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) his body being destroyed by disease or 2) his body decaying after he has died. -## on the earth ## +# in my flesh I will see God -"on the dust" or "on the ground" +His flesh represents his body, and "in my flesh" represents being alive. AT: "while I live in my body, I will see God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## after my skin...is destroyed ## +# my own eyes—I, and not someone else -AT: "after my skin...is gone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The synecdoche "my own eyes" represents Job. The phrases "my eyes" and "and not someone else" emphasize that Job himself will actually see God. It is not that someone else will see God and tell Job about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## in my flesh ## +# My heart fails within me -"in my body" or "with my body alive" +People thought of the heart as being where the emotions are. So the heart failing represents him having very many emotions. AT: "I am very emotional about it" or "My emotions overwhelm me as I think about that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## on my side ## +# My heart fails within me -"as my advocate" or "helping me" - -## not as a stranger ## - -The Redeemer will act like a friend and will no longer act like a stranger. - -## My kidneys fail within me ## - -People thought of the kidneys as the source of emotions. As Job looks forward to the day when his redeemer will rescue him, he is overwhelmed by emotion. AT: "I am overwhelmed with emotion as I look forward to that time." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are that 1) Job feels very hopeful, thankful, and happy or 2) Job feels exhausted waiting to see his Redeemer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/28.md b/job/19/28.md index 06b2f3f7dc..7a509b4492 100644 --- a/job/19/28.md +++ b/job/19/28.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues to speak to his three friends. -## How we will persecute him ## +# How we will persecute him! -This is also a question requesting ways to make Job suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) AT: "How can we make him suffer as much as possible" +This is an exclamation. Possible meanings are 1) that they will certainly persecute Job or 2) that they will persecute him severely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## because the root of the matter is found in him ## +# The root of his troubles lies in him -AT: "and if you say that I am the cause of my own suffering." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The "root" represents the source. AT: "He is the source of all his troubles" or "He has all these troubles because of what he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## then be afraid of the sword ## +# then be afraid of the sword -The sword represents God's anger and judgement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are that the sword represents 1) God judging them. AT: "then be afraid that God will judge you" or 2) God killing them. AT: "then be afraid that God will kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## because wrath brings the punishment ## +# because wrath brings the punishment of the sword -The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain. Possible meanings are 1) the things that Job's friends have been saying bring punishment or 2) God's anger brings punishment. +The abstract nouns "wrath" and "punishment" can be expressed with the adjective "angry" and the verb "punish." Possible meanings are that 1) God's anger results in punishment. AT: "because God will be angry with you and punish you" or 2) the anger of Job's friends results in punishment. AT: "because if you are so angry with me, God will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## there is a judgment ## +# brings -"God punishes sinners" \ No newline at end of file +"causes" or "results in" + +# there is a judgment + +The abstract noun "judgment" can be expressed with the verb "judge." AT: "God judges people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/19/intro.md b/job/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2cef9bfb56 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Job 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad. + +Verses 25-27 are very important to this book. They show the great depth of Job's faith in Yahweh after his most difficult time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/01.md b/job/20/01.md index c132dd0767..4621455ab2 100644 --- a/job/20/01.md +++ b/job/20/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## Zophar the Naamathite ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). +Zophar replies to Job. -## My thoughts makes me answer quickly because of the worry that is in me ## +# Zophar the Naamathite -"I need to speak because you have made me worried" +See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). Since this is the second time that Zophar speaks, some translations omit "the Naamathite" here. -## from you ## +# My thoughts make me answer quickly -Here "you" refers to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The idea of Zophar's thoughts making him do something represents his strong desire to do something. AT: "I want very much to answer you quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but a spirit that is beyond my understanding answers me ## +# because of the worry that is in me -AT: "but I must answer you with my knowledge" or "but I know how to answer you because I understand many things" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "worry" can be expressed with the adjective "worried." The reason for the worry can be stated clearly. AT: "because I am very worried about you" or "because I am very worried because of what you said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I hear a rebuke that dishonors me + +The abstract noun "rebuke" can be expressed with the verb "rebuke." AT: "I hear you rebuke me, and what you say dishonors me" or "You insult me by how you rebuke me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a spirit from my understanding answers me + +Here "spirit" probably refers to a thought or idea. AT: "a thought from my understanding answers me" + +# a spirit from my understanding answers me + +This "spirit" or thought is spoken of as if it were a person that could answer Zophar. AT: "I have a thought from my understanding, and now I know what I wanted to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a spirit from my understanding answers me + +The content of the answer can be stated clearly. AT: "a thought from my understanding answers me about how I can reply to you" or "I have a thought from my understanding, and now I know how I can reply to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a spirit from my understanding answers me + +The abstract nouns "spirit" and "understanding" can be expressed with the verbs "think" and "understand." AT: "because I understand things, I have thought, and now I know how I can reply to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/04.md b/job/20/04.md index 2c0544f5ef..180209f5c2 100644 --- a/job/20/04.md +++ b/job/20/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Zophar continues speaking with Job. -## Do you not know this fact from ancient times ## +# Do you not know this fact from ancient times ... for a moment? -Zophar uses a question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say. AT: "Surely you know what has been true since the ancient times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Zophar uses a rhetorical question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely you know what has been true since the ancient times ... for a moment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the triumph of the wicked is short ## +# the triumph of a wicked man is short -"the wicked person only celebrates for a little while" +The abstract noun "triumph" can be expressed with the verbs "triumph" or "celebrate." AT: "the wicked man triumphs only a short time" or "the wicked person celebrates for only a little while" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the joy of the godless lasts only for a moment ## +# the joy of a godless man lasts only for a moment -This means the same as the first part of the verse. Zophar means their joy will not continue for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "joy" can be expressed with the verb "rejoice" or the adjective "happy." The word "moment" is an exaggeration to emphasize that the time is very short. AT: "a godless man rejoices for only a moment" or "the godless man is happy for only a very short time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/06.md b/job/20/06.md index cc973ba174..76e5c2bb1a 100644 --- a/job/20/06.md +++ b/job/20/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Zophar continues speaking to Job. -## Though his height reaches up to the heavens, and his head reaches to the clouds ## +# Though his height reaches up to the heavens -Both of these statements mean the same thing. Zophar speaks about someone who is tall enough to reach the sky to say that this person is very famous and many people in the world know about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"Though the wicked person's height reaches up to the heavens." The abstract noun "height" can be expressed with the adjective "tall." AT: "Though he is as tall as the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Though his height ## +# Though his height reaches up to the heavens -AT: "Though his fame" +The wicked man's height represents either his reputation or his pride. Also, here "reaches up to the heavens" represents being very great. AT: "Though his reputation is great" or "Though his pride is great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## like his own feces ## +# his head reaches to the clouds -Zophar compares the wicked person to feces to emphasize that he will become completely worthless and will disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +"and though his head is as high as the clouds." This also represents his reputation or pride being great. This means the same as the previous phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# will perish permanently like his own feces + +Feces mixes in with the ground and disappears. The reference to feces may also imply that the wicked person is worthless. AT: "will perish permanently like his feces, which completely disappears in the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# will perish permanently like his own feces + +If people are embarrassed about the word feces, translators may refer to something else that disappears completely. AT: "will disappear permanently like dust that the wind blows away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/08.md b/job/20/08.md index 7b10643aba..b17c0015a8 100644 --- a/job/20/08.md +++ b/job/20/08.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Zophar continues speaking to Job. -## He will ## +# He will "The wicked person will" -## fly away like a dream...like a vision of the night ## +# He will fly away like a dream ... he will be chased away like a vision of the night -Both statements mean the same thing. Zophar is explaining that the wicked person will completely disappear and people will not remember him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "fly away" and "be chased away" represent disappearing. They may also imply being forgotten, since dreams and visions disappear when people forget them. AT: "He will disappear like a dream ... he will be forgotten like a vision of the night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## and will not be found ## +# will not be found -AT: "and no one will be able to find him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will find him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he will be chased away ## +# The eye that saw him -AT: "he will disappear" +The eye represents a person. AT: "Anyone who saw him" or "The people who saw him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## The eye that saw ## +# his place -AT: "The people who saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## his place ## - -AT: "his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "his place" represents those who live in his place. AT: "the people who live in his place" or "his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/10.md b/job/20/10.md index e95f537de0..babc6c2780 100644 --- a/job/20/10.md +++ b/job/20/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Zophar continues speaking to Job. -## His children ## +# His children "The wicked person's children" -## his hands ## +# his hands will have to give back his wealth -Here "hands" refers to the wicked man's children. When he dies his children will to have to return for him everything he took from the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "hands" refers to the wicked man's children. When he dies, his children will have to return everything that he took from others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## His bones are full of youthful strength ## +# His bones are full of youthful strength -AT: "For a little while he may be young and strong" +The word "bones" represents his body. Being "full of youthful strength" represents being strong like a young person. AT: "His body is strong like a young person's body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but it will lie down with him in the dust ## +# but it will lie down with him in the dust -AT: "but one day he will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "it" refers to his youthful strength. The metonym "lie down ... in the dust" represents dying. The strength dying is a metaphor for disappearing. AT: "but his youthful strength will die with him" or "but his youthful strength will disappear when he dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/12.md b/job/20/12.md index d98824f533..d5ed17235a 100644 --- a/job/20/12.md +++ b/job/20/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Zophar continues speaking to Job. -## Although wickedness is sweet in his mouth...the poison of asps inside him ## +# Although wickedness is sweet in his mouth -Zophar describes “wickedness” (or doing evil things) as if it is food that tastes very good, but when wickedness is swallowed and enters into us it becomes poison, like the poison of deadly snakes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "wickedness is sweet" represents a person enjoying doing wicked things. AT: "Although doing wicked things is pleasurable like tasting sweet food in the mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## intestines ## +# although he hides ... does not let it go -AT: "stomach" +This represents wanting to continue to enjoy the wickedness as one wants to continue enjoying tasty food by keeping it in the mouth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## asps ## +# the food in his intestines turns bitter -AT: "poisonous snakes" \ No newline at end of file +When food turns bitter in the stomach, it causes pain and a bitter taste. This is a metaphor for a person experiencing the painful consequences of doing wicked things. AT: "those wicked things become like food that has turned bitter in the stomach" or "the consequences of those wicked things are painful like food that becomes sour in the stomach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it becomes the poison of asps inside him + +This image is even worse than sour food in the stomach. This is a metaphor for a person experiencing the terrible consequences of doing wicked things. AT: "the consequences of doing those wicked things are painful like the poison of asps inside him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# asps + +poisonous snakes \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/15.md b/job/20/15.md index 6c8771be6c..8fa4b14184 100644 --- a/job/20/15.md +++ b/job/20/15.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Zophar continues speaking to Job. -## He swallows down riches...cast them out of his belly ## +# He swallows down riches ... cast them out of his stomach -Zophar compares wealth to food. Just like a person who eats too much food will vomit it back up, God will take the wealth from a rich person who stores up things for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Zophar speaks of gaining and losing wealth as if it were food that a person eats and vomits. AT: "The wicked person becomes very wealthy, but he loses his wealth like a person who vomits up his food. God causes him to lose it all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He will suck the poison of asps; the viper’s tongue will kill him ## +# He swallows down riches -Zophar says that holding onto wealth is evil, and like poison evil can kill a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are that "swallows down riches" represents 1) accumulating riches and storing them selfishly. AT: "The wicked man gains much wealth and keeps it all for himself" or 2) accumulating riches in wicked ways. AT: "The wicked man steals many riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## vomit ## +# God will cast them out of his stomach -when a full stomach throws food back out of the mouth +Here "cast them out of his stomach" is a metonym for causing the man to vomit them. This is a metaphor for causing the man to lose his riches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## cast ## +# cast "throw" -## belly ## +# He will suck the poison of asps -AT: "stomach" +Here "suck the poison of asps" represents doing evil things. Both are very dangerous. AT: "Doing evil things is like sucking the poison of asps" or "He will do evil things and endanger his life like a person who sucks the poison of asps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## suck ## +# asps -to pull liquid into the stomach by the mouth \ No newline at end of file +poisonous snakes + +# the viper's tongue will kill him + +The viper is a poisonous snake. Its tongue represents its poisonous bite. AT: "the viper's poisonous bite will kill him" or "the viper will bite him and he will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the viper's tongue will kill him + +The viper represents the man's wickedness. AT: "his wickedness will kill him like a viper's bite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/17.md b/job/20/17.md index 464b9ec427..e4bf9903b7 100644 --- a/job/20/17.md +++ b/job/20/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Zophar continues speaking to Job. -## enjoy flowing streams of honey and butter ## +# the streams, the torrents of honey and butter -The wicked person will not enjoy the good things that God gives his people, even good food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Streams" and "torrents" are metaphors that represent abundance. "Honey" and "butter" are metonyms that represent the good things that God gives people. AT: "the abundance of good things that God gives his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## streams ## +# the fruit of his labor -small rivers +Normally "the fruit of his labor" simply refers to the results of his labor. In this case it refers to the things the wicked man had stolen. AT: "the things he had worked to get" or "the things he had stolen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he will not swallow it down ## +# will not be able to eat it -AT: "he will not keep it" - -## neglected ## - -AT: "ignored" \ No newline at end of file +Here "to eat" the fruit of his labor represents enjoying the things he had stolen. AT: "will not be able to enjoy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/20.md b/job/20/20.md index d5b87c11db..0c8271f0a1 100644 --- a/job/20/20.md +++ b/job/20/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## There is nothing left that he did not devour ## +# There is nothing left that he did not devour -AT: "He ate everything and used everything he had" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This can be reworded with only one of the negatives. AT: "He devoured everything, and there is nothing left" or "There is nothing left because he devoured everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## the hand of everyone who is in poverty will come on him ## +# There is nothing left that he did not devour -Here "hand" means power. AT: "every poor person will come against him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "devour" represents taking things for himself. AT: "There is nothing left that he did not take for himself" or "He took everything for himself, and there is nothing left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will fall into trouble + +"he will suddenly experience trouble" + +# the hand of everyone who is in poverty will come against him + +Here "hand" represents power, and "hand ... will come against him" represents people attacking him. The abstract noun "poverty" can be expressed with the adjective "poor." AT: "everyone who is in poverty will attack him" or "everyone who is poor will attack him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/23.md b/job/20/23.md index ce7997070d..cd99a31e0b 100644 --- a/job/20/23.md +++ b/job/20/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Zophar continues speaking to Job. -## to fill his belly ## +# to fill his stomach -"to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "fill his stomach" is a metonym meaning eat a lot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## God will rain it down on him ## +# God will throw the fierceness of his wrath on him -God's punishment will fall upon the wicked man like rain falling on him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The "fierceness of his wrath" represents God's anger and punishment. Throwing the punishment on him represents punishing him severely. AT: "God will be angry and throw down his punishment on him" or "God will be angry and punish him severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## liver ## +# God will rain it down on him -a large and important human body part, which if shot through with an arrow, the wound would kill the person. \ No newline at end of file +"God will cause it to rain down on him." Here "rain it down on him" represents causing much punishment to happen to the man. AT: "God will punish him severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will flee from the iron weapon + +The iron weapon represents the person carrying it. AT: "will flee from the person carrying an iron weapon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a bow of bronze will shoot him + +The bow represents the person who shoots an arrow with it. AT: "someone with a bronze bow will shoot him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# liver + +This is a large and important part of the body. If someone shoots through it with an arrow, the person who is shot will die. + +# terrors come on him + +This represents his suddenly becoming very afraid. AT: "he is terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/26.md b/job/20/26.md index 9a9128e6db..1baad83197 100644 --- a/job/20/26.md +++ b/job/20/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Complete darkness is reserved for his treasures ## +# Complete darkness is reserved for his treasures -"Complete darkness" refers to destruction. AT: "God will cause others to come and destroy his possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Complete darkness" is a metaphor for destruction. AT: "Destruction is reserved for his treasures" or "His treasures will be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a fire not fanned will devour him ## +# a fire not fanned will devour him -AT: "God will cause a fire that will burn him up" +Here "devour" is a metaphor meaning destroy. AT: "a fire that is not fanned will destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The heavens...the earth ## +# a fire not fanned will devour him -Possible meanings are: 1) those who live in the heavens and the earth (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]), or 2) Zophar is describing the heavens and the earth as if they are humans who will testify in court against the wicked person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "not fanned" implies that no human will start the fire. Rather, God will cause the fire. AT: "a fire that is not started by humans will destroy him" or "God will cause a fire to destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# it will consume + +Here "consume" is a metaphor meaning destroy. AT: "the fire will destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The heavens ... the earth + +Possible meanings are: 1) those who live in the heavens and the earth or 2) Zophar is describing the heavens and the earth as if they are humans who will testify in court against the wicked person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/28.md b/job/20/28.md index 2ee148e0ea..b5d4c8a10f 100644 --- a/job/20/28.md +++ b/job/20/28.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + This concludes Zophar's speech to Job. -## vanish ## +# vanish "disappear" or "go away" -## his goods will flow away ## +# his goods will flow away -AT: "his goods will float away as if in a flood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "flow away" represents being taken away from him. AT: "his goods will be taken away from him, like goods that float away in a flood," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## portion ## +# his goods -"share" +"his possessions" -## the heritage reserved for him by God ## +# the day of God's wrath -AT: "this is what God will give to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "wrath" represents punishment. The abstract noun "wrath" can be expressed with the verb punish. AT: "the day when God punishes people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# This is the wicked man's portion from God + +Here "portion from God" represents what God has decided should happen to someone. It is spoken of as if it were something that God would give him. AT: "This is what God has decided should happen to the wicked man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the heritage reserved for him by God + +This represents what God has decided should happen to someone. It is spoken of as if it were something that God would give him as an inheritance. AT: "what God has planned to give to him" or "what God has planned should happen to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/20/intro.md b/job/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3acad79f1f --- /dev/null +++ b/job/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Zophar. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job. He claims that Job took advantage of the poor and is being punished for it. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Zophar's advice ##### +Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are many metaphors used in this chapter. Zophar uses them to explain the temporary nature of life and riches. He also uses them to describe God's punishment of Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/01.md b/job/21/01.md index 63d197b54e..e6019cdc2a 100644 --- a/job/21/01.md +++ b/job/21/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Hear diligently my speech ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Listen carefully to what I am about to say" +Job begins to answer Zophar's accusations. -## let this be your consolations ## +# Put up with me -"let this be how you comfort me." Here "your" is plural and refers to Job's friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"Allow me" or "Be patient with me" -## Suffer me ## +# mock on -"Allow me" - -## mock on ## - -"you may continue mocking me" \ No newline at end of file +"you can continue mocking me." Job is using sarcasm to imply that his friends would ignore what he would say and continue to mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/04.md b/job/21/04.md index b89fae11eb..1a82ce84c8 100644 --- a/job/21/04.md +++ b/job/21/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Job continues speaking to his friends. -## As for me, is my complaint to a person? Why should I not be impatient? ## +# As for me, is my complaint to a person? Why should I not be impatient? -Job uses questions to emphasize that he thinks it is fair for him to complain to God. AT: "I am not complaining to a person. I have the right to be annoyed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Job uses questions to emphasize that he thinks it is fair for him to complain to God. AT: "I am not complaining to a person. I have the right to be impatient" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## and be astonished ## +# lay your hand upon your mouth -AT: "and let what you see shock you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"cover your mouth with your hand." Possible meanings are that 1) this is a response to being astonished. AT: "cover your mouth with your hand" or 2) this is a symbol that the person will not speak. AT: "do not say anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## lay your hand upon your mouth ## +# trembling seizes my body -AT: "sit there too amazed to speak" - -## horror takes hold of my flesh ## - -AT: "I shake with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"fear causes my body to tremble" or "I shake with fear" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/07.md b/job/21/07.md index c9bf213e14..75cbc00694 100644 --- a/job/21/07.md +++ b/job/21/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Job continues speaking to his friends. -## Why do the wicked continue to live, become old, and grow mighty in power? ## +# Why do wicked people continue to live, become old, and grow mighty in power? -Job uses a question to introduce his speech and to cause his friends to think deeply about what he says. AT: "The wicked person indeed continues to live, becomes old, and becomes wealthier." +Job uses this question to show that his friends are wrong to think evil men always suffer. AT: "Wicked people indeed continue to live, become old, and become wealthier." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## their offspring are established before their eyes ## +# Their descendants are established with them in their sight ... their offspring are established before their eyes -This means the same as the first part of the sentence. The wicked person gets to watch his descendants grow strong and wealthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This two clauses mean the same thing and emphasize that this is true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Their houses ## +# in their sight ... before their eyes -AT: "Their families" +These phrases mean the same thing because "eyes" refers to sight. Wicked people get to watch their descendants grow strong and wealthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## rod of God ## +# Their houses -This refers to God's punishment. \ No newline at end of file +Here "houses" refers to the family members that lives in them. AT: "Their families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# rod of God + +This refers to God's punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/10.md b/job/21/10.md index 7693b50500..94d66b47d1 100644 --- a/job/21/10.md +++ b/job/21/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Job continues speaking to his friends. -## little ones like a flock ## +# does not lose her calf prematurely + +"she does not miscarry" or "her calf is born healthy and strong" + +# little ones like a flock Job compares these children to lambs to emphasize that they run, play, and are happy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## tambourine ## +# tambourine -an instrument that a person plays by shaking it with their hand \ No newline at end of file +a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/13.md b/job/21/13.md index dee8b9e3f9..4fdf8d86ec 100644 --- a/job/21/13.md +++ b/job/21/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Job continues speaking with his friends. -## they go down quietly to sheol ## +# their days -AT: "they die peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"their lifetime" -## your ways ## +# they go down quietly to Sheol + +This is a polite way of saying that they die. AT: "they die peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# your ways This refers to how God wants people to behave. -## What is the Almighty, that we should worship him? What advantage would we get if we prayed to him? ## +# What is the Almighty, that we should worship him? What advantage would we get if we prayed to him? -The wicked people use these questions to mock God. AT: "We will not worship this Almighty God. He can do nothing for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The wicked people use these questions to mock God. AT: "We do not believe that this Almighty God is worthy of our worship. He can do nothing for us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/16.md b/job/21/16.md index dbf749eec1..5f9c608c0b 100644 --- a/job/21/16.md +++ b/job/21/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## See, is not their prosperity in their own hands? ## +# Connecting Statement: -Here "hand" refers to power or control. Job uses a question for emphasis. AT: "Look, these wicked people claim that they make themselves prosper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Job continues speaking to his friends. -## The advice of the wicked is far from me ## +# See, is not their prosperity in their own hands? -AT: "But I do not believe what they say" +Here "hands" refers to their power or control. Job uses this question to challenge his friends. AT: "Look, these wicked people claim that they make themselves prosper!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## How often is it...How often does it happen ## +# How often is it ... their calamity comes upon them? -Job uses three questions to emphasize that it seems to him that God does not punish the wicked very often. AT: "It is not often...It is not often" +Job uses this question to emphasize that it seems to him that God does not punish the wicked very often. AT: "It is not often ... their calamity comes upon them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## that the lamp of the wicked ## +# the lamp of wicked people is put out + +Job compares extinguishing the lamp to a person dying. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God causes them to die suddenly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the lamp of wicked people Job compares the life of the wicked to a lamp that is burning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the lamp of the wicked is put out ## +# How often does it happen ... in his anger? -Job compares extinguishing the lamp to a person dying. AT: "that God causes them to die suddenly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Job uses this second question to emphasize that it seems to him that God does not punish the wicked very often. AT: "It is not often ... in his anger." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## they become like stubble before the wind or like chaff that the storm carries away ## +# How often is it ... the storm carries away? -AT: "God takes them away like the wind blows away the chaff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job uses this third question to emphasize that it seems to him that God does not punish the wicked very often. AT: "It is not often ... the storm carries away." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# they become like stubble before the wind or like chaff that the storm carries away + +The death of the wicked is spoken of as if they were worthless less chaff and stubble that blows away. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God takes them away like the wind blows away the chaff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/19.md b/job/21/19.md index dd8f21e40b..16189d671f 100644 --- a/job/21/19.md +++ b/job/21/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Job continues speaking to his friends. -## God lays up one's guilt for his children to pay ## +# You say -AT: "God keeps a record of a person's sins, then he punishes the person's children for his wicked deeds" +These words are added by most versions in order to make it clear that the Job is quoting his friends in the next statement. -## Let his eyes see ## +# God lays up one's guilt for his children to pay -AT: "Let him see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Guilt is spoken of as something that can be stored for later use. Here "to pay" refers to punishment for sin. AT: "God keeps a record of a person's sins, then he punishes the person's children for his wicked deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty ## +# Let him pay it himself -Job wants the wicked person to experience God's punishment. Job compares "drink" to "feel" or "experience." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Job now begins to state his own opinion. It may be helpful to state this explicitly. AT: "But I say, 'Let him pay it himself'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## For what does he care about his family after him when the number of his months is cut off? ## +# Let his eyes see -Job uses a question for emphasis. AT: "For the wicked man does not care about his family after he has died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "eyes" refers to the person. AT: "Let him see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty + +Here the wrath of God is spoken of as if it were a drink that a person can taste, and tasting is a metonymy for experiencing the drink. Job wants the wicked person to experience God's punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For what does he care about his family after him when the number of his months is cut off? + +Job uses this question to show that punishing the evil man's children is not effective. This can be stated in active form. AT: "For the wicked man does not care about his family after he has died!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the number of his months is cut off + +This is a polite way of saying that he dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the number of his months + +This refers to the length of his life. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/22.md b/job/21/22.md index 730d33835f..08701e17b1 100644 --- a/job/21/22.md +++ b/job/21/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Job continues speaking to his friends. -## Can anyone teach God knowledge since he judges even those who are high? ## +# Can anyone teach God knowledge since he judges even those who are high? -Job uses a question for emphasis. AT: "Obviously, no one can teach anything to God since he even judges those in heaven." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Job asks this question to emphasize that God knows everything. AT: "Obviously, no one can teach anything to God since he even judges those in heaven." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## One man dies in his full strength ## +# those who are high -Job is comparing this man who dies in complete health and peace to the man who dies in sorrow and pain. See how you will translate this in [Job 21:25](./25.md) +Possible meanings are 1) "those who are in heaven" or 2) "powerful people." -## His body is full of milk, and the marrow of his bones is moistened and in good health ## +# One man dies in his full strength -Both of these mean that the person is very healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job contrasts this man who dies in health and peace to the man who dies in sorrow and pain in [Job 21:25](./25.md). You can make this explicit. AT: "If there are two men, one may die in his full strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# His body is full of milk + +Both of these mean that the person is very healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# His body is full of milk ... the marrow of his bones is moistened and in good health + +Both of these phrases mean that the person is very healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# His body is full of milk + +The word for "milk" may mean "fat." Either rendering means he is well-fed. AT: "His body if full of fat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the marrow of his bones is moistened and in good health + +This idiom means his body is youthful and healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/25.md b/job/21/25.md index 126b166430..d674874e17 100644 --- a/job/21/25.md +++ b/job/21/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Job continues speaking to his friends. -## in bitterness of soul ## +# Another man dies -AT: "with anger and resentment" or "after living a sad life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Job contrasts this man to the man who dies in peace in [Job 21:23](./22.md). -## They lie down alike in the dust ## +# in bitterness of soul -AT: "They both die and people bury them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Here sorrow is spoken of as if it tasted bitter, and "soul" refers to the whole man. AT: "with anger and resentment" or "after living a sad life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the worms cover them both ## +# has never experienced anything good -"and the worms in the dirt eat their dead bodies" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "has experienced only bad things" + +# They lie down alike in the dust + +This is a polite way to say that they died. AT: "They both die and people bury them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the worms cover them both + +Worms are associated with decay of dead bodies. AT: "the worms in the dirt eat their dead bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/27.md b/job/21/27.md index 8bef89040b..f59bbfaa8c 100644 --- a/job/21/27.md +++ b/job/21/27.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Job continues speaking with his friends. +# Connecting Statement: -## Where now is the house of the prince? Where is the tent in which the wicked once lived? ## +Job continues speaking to his friends. -Job believes his friends will ask these question in order to scold him. Both questions mean the same thing. AT: "See, the house of the evil ruler is gone. The tent of the wicked man has disappeared." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# See + +Job uses this phrase to call attention to the statement that follows. AT: "Listen" + +# Where now is the house of the prince? Where is the tent in which the wicked man once lived? + +Job believes his friends will ask these question to scold him. Both questions mean the same thing. AT: "See, the house of the evil ruler is gone. The tent of the wicked man has disappeared." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/29.md b/job/21/29.md index 490bc6e5af..2dff3f254c 100644 --- a/job/21/29.md +++ b/job/21/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Have you never asked traveling people? Do you not know the evidence they can tell ## +# Connecting Statement: -Job uses these questions to answer the questions he believes his friends will ask. AT: "You should listen to those who have traveled to distant places. Even they will tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Job continues speaking to his friends. -## that the wicked man is kept from the day of calamity, and that he is led away from the day of wrath? ## +# Have you never asked traveling people? Do you not know the evidence they can tell ... from the day of wrath? -Both of these statements mean the same thing. AT: "that when God brings disaster on a place he spares the wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends for not learning from people who travel. AT: "You should listen to those who have traveled to distant places. Even they will tell you ... from the day of wrath." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the wicked man is kept from the day of calamity ... he is led away from the day of wrath + +These phrase mean the same thing. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God spares the wicked person when he brings disaster on a place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/31.md b/job/21/31.md index 12a1b53661..365ef4e792 100644 --- a/job/21/31.md +++ b/job/21/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Who will condemn the wicked man’s way to his face? Who will repay him for what he has done? ## +# Connecting Statement: -Job uses questions to teach his friends and cause them to think deeply about what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Job continues speaking to his friends. -## to his face ## +# Who will condemn the wicked man's way to his face? + +Job uses this question to contradict his friends' belief that the wicked are always judged. AT: "No one condemns the wicked man to his face." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to his face This means no one will go directly to the wicked person and condemn him personally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Yet he will be borne ## +# Who will repay him for what he has done? -AT: "Yet people will carry him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Job uses this question to contradict his friends' belief that the wicked are always judged. AT: "No one repays him for the bad things that he has done." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## The clods of the valley will be sweet to him ## +# he will be borne -Job imagines that the dead person will even enjoy the dirt that is put on him. This means the wicked person will even have a good death and a nice burial after a fulfilling life. "Clods" refer to the earth that covers the grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will carry him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## all people will follow after him as there were innumerable people before him ## +# The clods of the valley will be sweet to him -Job emphasizes his idea by including the many before and after this man who will have the same life and death as this imaginary wicked person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job imagines that the dead person will even enjoy the dirt that is put on him. This means the wicked person will even have a good death and a nice burial after a fulfilling life. "Clods" refer to the earth that covers the grave. AT: "He will enjoy being covered with the dirt of the valley" or "He will enjoy being buried in the dirt of the valley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# all people will follow after him, as there were innumerable people before him + +Job emphasizes that a large crowd of people will be in the funeral procession of this imaginary wicked man to honor him. AT: "a huge number of people go to the grave site; some go in front of the procession and some come behind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/34.md b/job/21/34.md index 598b6dda81..5ef7d9267b 100644 --- a/job/21/34.md +++ b/job/21/34.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + This concludes Job's speech to his friends. -## How then do you comfort me with nonsense, since in your answers there is nothing but falsehood? ## +# How then do you comfort me with nonsense, since in your answers there is nothing but falsehood? Job uses a question to scold his friends. AT: "You cannot comfort me with nonsense. All of your answers are false." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/21/intro.md b/job/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0a7e3bec1d --- /dev/null +++ b/job/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Zophar. It is also a response to all three of his friends in general. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ancestor's sin ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person could be punished because of the sins of their fathers and ancestors. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While a father's sin may have consequences for their children, Yahweh does not punish people because of their father's sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/01.md b/job/22/01.md index c00d666265..b0a759a24c 100644 --- a/job/22/01.md +++ b/job/22/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Eliphaz the Temanite ## +# Eliphaz the Temanite -See how you translated this in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Can a man be useful to God? Can a wise man be useful to him? ## +# Can a man be useful to God? Can a wise man be useful to him? -Eliphaz uses questions to emphasize that a person's actions or wisdom do not benefit God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Both questions mean basically the same thing. Eliphaz uses questions to emphasize that a person's actions and wisdom do not benefit God. AT: "A man cannot be useful to God. A wise man cannot be useful to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Is it any pleasure to the Almighty if you are righteous? Is it gain to him if you make your ways perfect? ## +# Is it any pleasure to the Almighty if you are righteous? Is it gain to him if you make your ways blameless? -Both of these statements mean the same thing. Eliphaz uses questions again for emphasis. AT: "It does not benefit God if you are perfectly righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Eliphaz uses questions to emphasize that Job's actions do not help God. AT: "The Almighty does not receive any pleasure if you are righteous. He does not gain anything if you make your ways blameless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/04.md b/job/22/04.md index a662efd699..1929f37b9d 100644 --- a/job/22/04.md +++ b/job/22/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -## Is it because of your reverence for him that he rebukes you and takes you to judgment? ## +# Is it because of your reverence for him that he rebukes you and takes you to judgment? Is not your wickedness great? Is there no end to your iniquities? -Eliphaz uses a question to scold Job. AT: "God is certainly not punishing you because you have been devoted to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Is not your wickedness great? Is there no end to your iniquities? ## - -Eliphaz uses questions to accuse Job of committing terrible sins (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Eliphaz uses questions to scold Job and accuse him of committing terrible sins. AT: "It is certainly not because you have been devoted to him that God rebukes you and takes you to judgment! No, as you know, he judges you because your wickedness is great and you keep on sinning!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/06.md b/job/22/06.md index d62fbcd68b..90cd045c42 100644 --- a/job/22/06.md +++ b/job/22/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -## you have exacted security ## +# you have demanded guarantee of a loan This refers to a lender taking something from the borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back. -## you have stripped the naked of their clothing ## +# you have stripped away clothing from the naked Eliphaz is accusing Job of taking clothes as security from poor people who borrowed from him. -## possessed the earth...lived in it ## +# withheld bread -Eliphaz is accusing Job of taking land from poor people and not allowing them to live on it. He is emphasizing this point by restating it twice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "withheld food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# possessed the earth ... lived in it + +Eliphaz is accusing Job of taking land from poor people and not allowing them to live on it. He is emphasizing this point by restating it twice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# possessed the earth + +Eliphaz is exaggerating the amount of land that Job owned in order to portray Job as greedy. AT: "possessed a great amount of land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/09.md b/job/22/09.md index 5667440d59..3b228d5ed7 100644 --- a/job/22/09.md +++ b/job/22/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -## You have sent widows away empty ## +# You have sent widows away empty "You made widows go away with nothing" -## widows ## +# widows women whose husbands have died -## the arms of the fatherless have been broken ## +# the arms of the fatherless have been broken -Here "arms" refer to power. AT: "You even oppressed orphans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "arms" refer to power. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you even oppressed orphans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## snares are all around you...there is darkness...an abundance of water ## +# snares are all around you ... There is darkness ... an abundance of waters covers you -All of these mean that there are troubles and dangers all around Job because of his sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Each of these metaphors means troubles and dangers are all around Job because of his sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an abundance of waters + +"a flood" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/12.md b/job/22/12.md index 401cc51f99..ea04037182 100644 --- a/job/22/12.md +++ b/job/22/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -## Is not God in the heights of heaven? ## +# Is not God in the heights of heaven? -Eliphaz uses a question to remind Job that God is in heaven and sees everything that happens on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Eliphaz uses this question to say that God sees Job's sin and will judge him. AT: "God is in the heights of heaven and sees everything that happens on earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Look at the height of the stars, how high they are! ## +# Look at the height of the stars, how high they are! -AT: "Look at how high the stars are. God is even high above them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Eliphaz implies that God is higher than the stars. This can be made explicit. AT: "Look at how high the stars are. God is even higher than the stars!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## What does God know? Can he judge through the thick darkness? ## +# What does God know? Can he judge through the thick darkness? -Eliphaz is stating what he believes Job would say. He uses questions for emphasis. AT: "God does not know what happens on earth. He sits in dark clouds and cannot judge us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Eliphaz uses these questions to imply that Job has said these things against God. AT: "God does not know what happens on earth. He sits in dark clouds and cannot see to judge us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## he walks on the vault of heaven ## +# he walks on the vault of heaven -Here "vault" refers to the barrier that ancient people believed separated the earth from heaven. AT: "he lives too far away in heaven to see what happens here" \ No newline at end of file +Here "vault" refers to the barrier that ancient people believed separated the earth from heaven. AT: "he lives too far away in heaven to see what happens here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/15.md b/job/22/15.md index e6f700cada..240bf8ee45 100644 --- a/job/22/15.md +++ b/job/22/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -## Will you keep the old way that wicked men have walked ## +# Will you keep the old way that wicked men have walked -AT: "Will you continue to do the things that evil people do" +Doing wicked deeds is compared to walking in a path. AT: "Will you continue to do the things that evil people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## those who were snatched away ## +# those who were snatched away -AT: "those who died" or "those whom God took away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Dying is compared to God snatching them away. This can be stated in active form. AT: "those who died" or "those whom God took away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## those whose foundations have washed away like a river ## +# those whose foundations have washed away like a river -This means the wicked people thought they were safe and secure but God destroyed them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The death of wicked people is compared to buildings that had their foundations washed away by a flood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## What can the Almighty do to us? ## +# What can the Almighty do to us? -Eliphaz quotes the wicked people who use this question to mock God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Eliphaz quotes a question wicked people use to mock God. AT: "The Almighty cannot do anything to us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/18.md b/job/22/18.md index b8ccc78e84..29b47c3c30 100644 --- a/job/22/18.md +++ b/job/22/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -## the plans of wicked people are far from me ## +# Yet he filled -AT: "but I will not listen to their wicked plans" +"Yet God filled" -## see their fate ## +# the plans of wicked people are far from me -AT: "know what will happen to the wicked" +The idiom "far from me" means Eliphaz rejects them. AT: "but I will not listen to their wicked plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## laugh them to scorn ## +# see their fate -AT: "mock the wicked people" +"know what will happen to the wicked" -## those who rose up against us are cut off ## +# laugh them to scorn -AT: "God has destroyed those who harmed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"mock the wicked people" + +# They say + +"The righteous say" + +# Surely those who rose up against us are cut off + +Here "those who rose up" refers to the wicked people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Surely God has destroyed the wicked people who harmed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/21.md b/job/22/21.md index 2cba0e9d2b..5e88f6f4ca 100644 --- a/job/22/21.md +++ b/job/22/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Eliphaz continue speaking to Job. +# Connecting Statement: -## Now ## +Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. + +# Now Eliphaz uses this word to introduce something important he is about to say. -## instruction from his mouth ## +# instruction from his mouth -AT: "the instruction that God has spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "from his mouth" represents what God has spoken. AT: "the instruction that God has spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## store up his words ## +# store up his words -AT: "treasure his commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +God's words are compared to treasures that Job could keep in a storeroom. AT: "treasure his commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your heart + +Here "heart" refers to Job's thoughts. AT: "your mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/23.md b/job/22/23.md index de0f5c66ef..8177480983 100644 --- a/job/22/23.md +++ b/job/22/23.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -## you will be built up ## +# you will be built up -Eliphaz compares Job's restoration to a person rebuilding a house that has fallen. AT: "he will heal you and make you prosper again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Eliphaz compares Job's restoration to the rebuilding of a house that has fallen. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will heal you and make you prosper again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## if you put unrighteousness far away from your tents ## +# if you put unrighteousness far away from your tents -"if you and everyone in your house stops sinning" +Unrighteousness is pictured as a person who is living in Job's tent who must be removed. AT: "if you and everyone in your house stops sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Lay your treasure down in the dust ## +# Lay your treasure down in the dust -AT: "Let your riches be treated as unimportant as dust". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +To lay a treasure in the dust is to treat it as unimportant. AT: "Consider your riches as unimportant as dust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Ophir ## +# the gold of Ophir among the stones of the brooks + +To put gold in the stream is to treat it as no more valuable than stones. AT: "the gold of Ophir is as worthless as stones in a stream" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Ophir This is the name of a region famous for its gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and the Almighty will be your treasure, precious silver to you ## +# the Almighty will be your treasure, precious silver to you -This means God will be a great joy to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means God will be more valuable to Job than any treasure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/26.md b/job/22/26.md index ab97db9051..d25f0d40e6 100644 --- a/job/22/26.md +++ b/job/22/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. -## you will lift up your face to God ## +# you will lift up your face to God -This means Job will no longer be ashamed but will trust in God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This means Job will no longer be ashamed but will trust in God. AT: "you will be able to approach God confidently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## it will be confirmed for you ## +# it will be confirmed for you -AT: "God will cause you to succeed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will cause you to succeed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## light will shine on your ways ## +# light will shine on your paths -This means God will bless all that Job does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +God's blessing is compared to a light on all of Job's paths. AT: "it will be like a light shining on the road in front of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/29.md b/job/22/29.md index a11f5b9299..60184949cd 100644 --- a/job/22/29.md +++ b/job/22/29.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + This concludes Eliphaz's speech to Job. -## the one with lowered eyes ## +# the one with lowered eyes -AT: "the humble person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "lowered eyes" refers to humility. AT: "the humble person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## who will be rescued ## +# He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands -AT: "he will rescue you" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Job being innocent is spoken of as if his hands were physically clean. The phrase "who will be rescued" can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will rescue even the person who is not innocent because you do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## through the cleanness of your hands ## +# He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands -Here "cleanness" refers to innocence and "hands" refers to what a person does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## a man who is innocent ## - -Some versions read, "Even a man who is not innocent." - -## you will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands ## - -Some versions read, "He will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands." \ No newline at end of file +Some versions of the Bible read, "He rescues the innocent person; so he will rescue you when your hands are clean" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/22/intro.md b/job/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6e64f128db --- /dev/null +++ b/job/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Repentance ##### +Eliphaz tries to get Job to repent in this chapter. Eliphaz assumes that he is righteous, while assuming Job is not. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/23/01.md b/job/23/01.md index cf3901068c..a66d2bd16d 100644 --- a/job/23/01.md +++ b/job/23/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## my complaint is bitter ## +# Even today my complaint is bitter -AT: "my complaining is as bad ad a bitter taste" or "my complaint is very bad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "Even today" emphasizes that his friends arguments have not changed Job's situation at all. AT: "In spite of what you have said, my complaint is still bitter" -## my suffering is heavier than my groaning ## +# my complaint is bitter -Other translations may read: "my hand is heavy because of my groaning" or "his hand is heavy despite my groaning." The "heavy hand" is God's punishment that makes Job suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job speaks of his unanswered complaint against God as if it was a bitter taste in his mouth. AT: "my unanswered complaint is as bad as bitter food in my mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my hand ... heavy because of my groaning + +Possible meanings are 1) "I can barely lift my hand because of my groaning" or 2) "God's hand continues to make me suffer in spite of my groaning" where "hand" refers to God's power to punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/23/03.md b/job/23/03.md index 0edc85dcf9..1d720ef39a 100644 --- a/job/23/03.md +++ b/job/23/03.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Job continues speaking. -## Oh, that I knew where ... Oh, that I might come ... ## +# Oh, that I knew where ... Oh, that I might come -These two lines form a parallelism to emphasize Job's desire to go to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize Job's desire to meet with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## I might find him ## +# I might find him -AT: "I might find God" +"I might find God" -## I would lay my case ... fill my mouth ... ## +# lay my case ... fill my mouth -These two lines form a parallelism to emphasize Job's desire to talk to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize Job's desire to explain his situation to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## and fill my mouth with arguments ## +# fill my mouth with arguments -AT: "and I would speak all of my arguments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "fill my mouth" refers to speaking. AT: "I would speak all of my arguments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I would learn the words ... would understand what ... ## +# I would learn the words ... would understand -These two lines form a parallelism to emphasize Job's desire to listen to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize Job's desire to hear God's answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the words with which he would answer me ## +# the words with which he would answer me -AT: "what he would answer me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the answer that he would give me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/23/06.md b/job/23/06.md index d5ef9ef7be..0fbad59f05 100644 --- a/job/23/06.md +++ b/job/23/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Job continues speaking. -## Would he ## +# Would he -AT: "Would God" +"Would God" -## There ## +# There This refers to the place where God is. -## I would be acquitted forever by my judge ## +# I would be acquitted forever by my judge -AT: "my judge would acquit me forever" or "God, who is my judge, would say that I am innocent once and for all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my judge would acquit me forever" or "God, who is my judge, would say that I am innocent once and for all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/23/08.md b/job/23/08.md index 6cbde6017a..eafa91d71d 100644 --- a/job/23/08.md +++ b/job/23/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## eastward ... westward ... north ... south ## +# Connecting Statement: -By mentioning these four directions, Job emphasizes that he has looked everywhere. \ No newline at end of file +Job continues speaking. + +# eastward ... westward ... north ... south + +By mentioning these four directions, Job emphasizes that he has looked everywhere. + +# where he hides himself + +Job speaks of God as if he is a person who hides. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/23/10.md b/job/23/10.md index f582de1378..433700f576 100644 --- a/job/23/10.md +++ b/job/23/10.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Job continues speaking. -## he knows the way that I take ## +# he knows the way that I take -AT: "God knows what I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Job's actions are spoken of as if he is walking on a path. AT: "God knows what I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will come out like gold ## +# I will come out like gold -Job believes that the test will prove that he is as valuable as gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Job believes that the test will prove that he is as pure as refined gold. AT: "he will see that I am as pure as gold when anything not pure has been burned away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## My foot has held fast to his steps ## +# My foot has held fast to his steps -AT: "I have followed closely behind him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "My foot" refers to Job. AT: "I have followed the path he has shown me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## I have kept to his way ## +# I have kept to his way -AT: "I have done what he told me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Job's obedience is spoken of as if he is walking in a path that God showed him. AT: "I have done what he told me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## turned not aside ## +# turned not aside -AT: "followed it precisely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "followed it exactly" -## of his lips ## +# I have not gone back from -AT: "that he spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I have always obeyed" -## I have treasured up in my heart ## +# of his lips -AT: "I constantly think of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase refers to the message that God spoke. AT: "that he spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the words of his mouth ## +# the words of his mouth -AT: "what he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here God is represented by his "mouth." AT: "what he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/23/13.md b/job/23/13.md index d3657c7dfb..be60ddeee2 100644 --- a/job/23/13.md +++ b/job/23/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## But he is one of a kind ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "But no one can change him." This can also be translated as: "But God is one" or "But he alone is God." +Job continues speaking. -## who can turn him back? ## +# But he is one of a kind, who can turn him back? -The implicit answer is: "no one." AT: "nobody can make him change his mind" or "no one can influence him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Job uses this question to emphasize that there is no one like God and no one can force him to change. AT: "But there is no one like him, and nobody can make him change his mind." or "But he alone is God, and no one can influence him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What he desires, he does ## +# What he desires, he does -AT: "What he wants is what he accomplishes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"He does whatever he wants to do" -## there are many them ## +# he carries out his decree against me -AT: "he has many plans for me" \ No newline at end of file +"he is doing to me what he said he would do" + +# there are many like them + +"he has many similar plans for me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/23/15.md b/job/23/15.md index b39863f2a1..18975c036f 100644 --- a/job/23/15.md +++ b/job/23/15.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Job continues speaking. Each verse in this chunk has the form of a parallelism to emphasize the main point Job makes there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# Connecting Statement: -## For God has made my heart weak ## +Job continues speaking. -AT: "For God has made me weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# General Information: -## the Almighty has terrified me ## +Each of these verses has the form of a parallelism to emphasize the main point Job makes there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This means the same as the first part of the sentence. They emphasize how scared Job is of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# For God has made my heart weak; the Almighty has terrified me -## It is not that I have been cut off by darkness ## +These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Job is very afraid of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"I have not been destroyed by darkness" or "It is not darkness that has cut me off" AT: "God has cut me off, not the darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# made my heart weak -## nor does the thick darkness cover my face ## +A person whose heart is weak is a person who is timid or fearful. AT: "made me afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "nor am I cut off because the thick darkness covers my face" or "nor does the thick darkness cover my face, but God has cut me off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# I have not been brought to an end by darkness -## my face ## +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "The thick darkness in front of me has not made me silent" or 2) AT: "Darkness has not stopped me" or "God has stopped me, not the darkness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the gloom of my face + +Here Job refers to himself by his "face." AT: "my sadness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/23/intro.md b/job/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..be9991c099 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Job 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Court ##### +This chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job's "case," which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/01.md b/job/24/01.md index 3648cdd2c7..1ef524bd63 100644 --- a/job/24/01.md +++ b/job/24/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Job continues speaking. -## Why are times for judging wicked people not set by the Almighty? ## +# Why are times for judging wicked people not set by the Almighty? -AT: "I do not understand why God does not set a time when he will judge wicked people" or "The Almighty should set a time when he will judge wicked people" +Job uses this question to express his frustration that God has not judged evil. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I do not understand why God does not set a time when he will judge wicked people." or "The Almighty should set a time when he will judge wicked people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Why do not those who are faithful to God see his days of judgment come? ## +# Why do not those who are faithful to God see his days of judgment come? -AT: "It seems that those who obey him never get to see when him judge the wicked" or "God should show the day he will judge the wicked to those who know him. \ No newline at end of file +Job uses this question to express his frustration that the righteous have not seen God judge evil. AT: "It seems that those who obey him never get to see him judge the wicked." or "God should show the day he will judge the wicked to those who know him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/02.md b/job/24/02.md index 41b345c634..55f41a427f 100644 --- a/job/24/02.md +++ b/job/24/02.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Job continues speaking. -## boundary markers ## +# boundary markers These are stones or other objects to mark the boundary between the lands owned by different people. -## pastures ## +# pastures "grass fields" or "grazing grounds" -## They drive away ## +# They drive away "They steal" -## those without fathers ## +# those without fathers -"the orphans" AT: "children whose parents have died" +"orphans" or "children whose parents have died" -## widow ## +# they take the widow's ox as security + +"they take widows' oxen to guarantee that the widows will pay back the money that they loaned to those widows" + +# widow a woman whose husband has died -## as security ## +# as security -A lender would take something from a borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back. \ No newline at end of file +A lender would take something from a borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back. + +# out of their path + +"out of their way" or "off the road" + +# poor people of the earth all hide themselves + +The word "all" is an exaggeration to show that many poor people are afraid of these wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/05.md b/job/24/05.md index f134800de0..9cd62b3ab6 100644 --- a/job/24/05.md +++ b/job/24/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Job continues speaking. -## like wild donkeys ## +# these poor people go out to their work like wild donkeys in the wilderness, looking carefully for food -This compares poor people to donkeys who go out to graze but do not know where they will find food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +These poor people are spoken of as if they are wild donkeys who do not know where they will find food. AT: "these poor people go out to search for food as if they were wild donkeys in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## wild donkeys ## +# wild donkeys -AT: "untrained donkeys" or "donkeys that no one owns" +"donkeys that no one owns or cares for" -## Poor people reap in the night ... they glean grapes ... ## +# Poor people reap in the night ... they glean grapes -These two lines describe the same thing and are used together to describe how hungry these people are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two lines describe the same thing and are used together to emphasize that these people are so hungry that they are forced to steal food at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## They lie naked ... they have no covering ... ## +# They lie naked ... they have no covering -These two lines describe the same thing and are used together to describe how vulerable these people are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two lines describe the same thing and are used together to emphasize that these people do not have enough clothing to keep warm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/08.md b/job/24/08.md index 983a545ecf..f5af339ba3 100644 --- a/job/24/08.md +++ b/job/24/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## with the showers of the mountains ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "with the rain that falls on the mountains" +Job continues speaking. -## from their mothers' breast ## +# They are wet with the showers of the mountains -AT: "out of their mothers' arms" or "from their mothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"They become wet when it rains in the mountains" -## They go about ## +# orphans from their mothers' breast -"They walk around" +Here "breast" refers to the mother. This implies that these orphans are still very young. This can be made explicit. AT: "young orphans out of their mothers' arms" or "fatherless infants from their mothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## naked without clothing ## +# orphans -These two words describe the same thing and are used together to emphasize the poverty of these people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This generally refers to children without parents. Here, however, it is used for children who have mothers but do not have fathers. -## they carry others’ sheaves of grain ## +# take children as security from poor people + +"take poor people's children to guarantee that the poor people will pay back money that they borrowed from the wicked people" + +# as security + +A lender would take something from a borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back. See how you translated this in [Job 24:3](./02.md). + +# go about + +"walk around" + +# naked without clothing + +The words "without clothing" mean the same thing as "naked." AT: "completely naked" or "naked because they have no clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they carry others' sheaves of grain This means their work will provide food for others but not for themselves. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/11.md b/job/24/11.md index 2328b74558..8d4ac7f130 100644 --- a/job/24/11.md +++ b/job/24/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## They make oil ## +# Connecting Statement: -"They" refers to the poor people mentioned in the previous chunk. +Job continues speaking. -## within the walls of these wicked men ## +# The poor people make oil -AT: "in the houses of these evil men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +they squeezed olives in order to extract olive oil from them -## they themselves suffer thirst ## +# within the walls of those wicked men -"they suffer from thirst" AT: "they are thirsty" \ No newline at end of file +Here "walls" refers to the whole house. AT: "in the houses of those evil men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they tread the wicked men's winepresses + +It may be helpful to state that they do this to produce juice to make wine. AT: "they tread on grapes to make juice for wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they themselves suffer thirst + +"they suffer from thirst" or "they are thirsty" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/13.md b/job/24/13.md index c86ef7bd03..eb6c1b17f6 100644 --- a/job/24/13.md +++ b/job/24/13.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Job continues speaking. -## rebel against the light ## +# rebel against the light -Possible meanings of "light" are 1) visible light or 2) spiritual light, which refers to God or living righteously. AT: "hate the daylight" or "do not want to do things openly" or "they rebel against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings of "light" are 1) visible light or 2) spiritual light, which refers to God or living righteously. AT: "hate the daylight" or "do not want to do things openly" or "rebel against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they know not its ways, nor do they stay in its paths ## +# they know not its ways, nor do they stay in its paths These two lines describe the same thing, and are used together to emphasize that they do not want to follow the ways of the light. AT: "they do not know how to live a moral life; they stay far away from living a righteous life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## rises with the light ## +# poor and needy people -AT: "wakes up when the sun comes up" +The words "poor" and "needy" refer to the same group of people and emphasize that these are people who are unable to help themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the poor and needy ## +# he is like a thief -These two words refer to the same group and are used together to emphasize that the murderer kills many people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -## he is like a thief ## - -AT: "he kills people secretly, just like a tief steals secretly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The murderer kills in secret just like a thief steals without anyone seeing what he does. AT: "he kills people secretly, just like a thief steals secretly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/15.md b/job/24/15.md index 7ea2a1dafc..8832434883 100644 --- a/job/24/15.md +++ b/job/24/15.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Job continues speaking. -## the eye of the adulterer ## +# the eye of the adulterer -AT: "the adulterer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "eye" refers to the whole person. AT: "the adulterer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## for the twilight ## +# for the twilight "for the sunset" -## No eye will see me ## +# No eye will see me -AT: "No one will see me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "eye" refers to the whole person. AT: "No one will see me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## For the morning is to all of them like thick darkness ## +# wicked people dig into houses -For the wicked, the light of the morning means the same thing as thick darkness means for normal people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +They dig into the houses in order to steal from them. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "wicked people dig into houses to steal from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## with the terrors of the thick darkness ## +# they shut themselves up -AT: "with the scary things that happen at night" \ No newline at end of file +"they hide inside" + +# For all of them, thick darkness is like the morning + +The thick darkness is as comfortable for the wicked as light of the morning is for normal people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the terrors of thick darkness + +"the scary things that happen at night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/18.md b/job/24/18.md index 3f51243e47..32014c8c44 100644 --- a/job/24/18.md +++ b/job/24/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## like foam on the surface of the waters ## +# Connecting Statement: -This emphasizes how quickly God will cause the wicked to disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Job continues speaking. -## their portion of the land is cursed ## +# like foam on the surface of the waters -AT: "God curses the part of the land that they own" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Foam lasts only a short time. This emphasizes how quickly God will cause the wicked to disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Drought and heat consume ... those who have sinned ## +# their portion of the land is cursed -Job compares the fact that snow waters disappear when it becomes warm to how sinners will disappear in sheol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God curses the part of the land that they own" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Drought and heat ## +# As drought and heat melt away ... those who have sinned -These two words describe essentially the same weather and are used together to describe it fully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) +Job says that sinners will disappear in Sheol in the same way as snow melts and disappears when it becomes warm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## consume ... consumes ## +# drought and heat -"tear away ... tears away" or "destroy ... destroys" \ No newline at end of file +These two words describe essentially the same weather and are used together to describe it fully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/20.md b/job/24/20.md index a37e8c3c22..5bd8b124aa 100644 --- a/job/24/20.md +++ b/job/24/20.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Job continues speaking +# Connecting Statement: -## The womb ## +Job continues speaking. -AT: "The woman" or "The mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# The womb -## the worm will feed sweetly on him ## +This refers to the mother. AT: "The mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "the worm will enjoy eating his dead body" or "he will die and then his body will be eaten by worms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# the worm will feed sweetly on him -## he will be remembered no more ## +This means that he will die and worms will eat his body. AT: "the worm will enjoy eating his dead body" or "he will die and then his body will be eaten by worms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "no one will remember him anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# he will be remembered no more -## wickedness will be broken like a tree ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will remember him anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Just like a tree that is snapped by a strong wind, or cut down by a person, cannot be put togehter, so God will break wickedness. AT: "God will destroy the wicked like a tree that is broken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# wickedness will be broken like a tree -## The wicked one devours ## +God's destruction of the wicked man is describes as if he were cutting down a tree. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will destroy the wicked as if he were a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "Just like a wild animal kills its prey, so the wicked person harms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# The wicked one devours -## widow ## +This metaphor emphasizes how ruthless the wicked man is. AT: "Just like a wild animal kills its prey, so the wicked person harms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the barren women who have not borne children + +The people of that day considered that a woman who was barren was cursed by God. Therefore, this represents the most unfortunate women. + +# widow a woman whose husband has died \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/22.md b/job/24/22.md index 00eff18836..6030b35013 100644 --- a/job/24/22.md +++ b/job/24/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## by his power ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "by using his power" or "because he is powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Job continues speaking. -## he rises up and does not strengthen them in life ## +# by his power -AT: "God rises up and does not give wicked people the strenght to live" +"by using his power" or "because he is powerful" -## but his eyes are on their ways ## +# he rises up and does not strengthen them in life -AT: "but he is always watching what they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "does not strengthen them in life" means God does not keep them alive. AT: "God rises up and does not give wicked people the strength to live" or "God rises up and causes them to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# but his eyes are on their ways + +Here "eyes" refers to God. AT: "but he is always watching what they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/24.md b/job/24/24.md index a11700e3be..3f2a76547d 100644 --- a/job/24/24.md +++ b/job/24/24.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + This concludes Job's speech. -## they will be brought low ## +# they will be brought low -AT: "God will bring them low" or "God will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will bring them low" or "God will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they will be gathered up like all the others ## +# they will be gathered up like all the others -AT: "people will gather them up like they gathered up the other wicked people." Other translations may have: "they disappear like weeds wither and die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) +Some translations are based on a different early text, which says "they wither and fade like weeds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) -## they will be cut off like the tops of the ears of grain ## +# they will be gathered up like all the others -AT: "God will cut them off like a farmer cuts off the top of a stalk of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This can be stated in active form. What "the others" refers to can be stated clearly. AT: "God will gather them up as he gathered up the other wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## If it is not so, who can prove me to be a liar; who can make my speech worth nothing? ## +# they will be cut off like the tops of ears of grain -The implicit answer is: "no one." AT: "This is true, no one can prove that I am a liar; no one can prove me wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +These wicked people will be cut off in the same way heads of grain are cut off during harvest. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will cut them off like a farmer cuts off the top of a stalk of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If it is not so, who can prove me to be a liar; who can make my speech worth nothing? + +Job uses this question to express the certainty of his argument. The implicit answer is: "no one." AT: "This is true, and no one can prove that I am a liar; no one can prove me wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# make my speech worth nothing + +"prove what I say is wrong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/24/intro.md b/job/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dc891243c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz. It is a continuation of the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Court ##### +This chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job's "case," which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/25/01.md b/job/25/01.md index 1cc12f4396..f2dca00181 100644 --- a/job/25/01.md +++ b/job/25/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Bildad the Shuhite ## +# Bildad the Shuhite -See how you translated this in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). +See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). -## Dominion and fear are with him ## +# Dominion and fear are with him -AT: "Dominion and fear are with God" or "God rules over all, and people should fear only him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here "him" refers to God. The abstract nouns "dominion" and "fear" can be stated as verbs. AT: "God rules over all and people should fear only him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## in his high places of heaven ## +# he makes order in his high places of heaven -AT: "in heaven" or "in the high heaven" +"he makes peace in the high heaven" -## Is there any end to the number of his armies? ## +# Is there any end to the number of his armies? -The implicit answer is "no." This also refers to the armies of God's angels. AT: "There is no end to the number of angels in his army" or "His armies are so big that no one can count them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Bildad uses this question to emphasize how great God is. The implicit answer is "no." This refers to the armies of God's angels. AT: "There is no end to the number of angels in his army." or "His armies are so big that no one can count them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Upon whom does his light not shine? ## +# Upon whom does his light not shine? -AT: "Who can hide from his attention?" or "Nor is there anyone upon whom his light does not shine" or "God makes his light shine over everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Bildad uses this question to emphasize that God gives light to every person. AT: "There is no one upon whom his light does not shine." or "God makes his light shine over everyone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/25/04.md b/job/25/04.md index b74f639ac8..5d05328573 100644 --- a/job/25/04.md +++ b/job/25/04.md @@ -1,45 +1,43 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Bildad continues speaking. -## How then can man ... How can he who is born ... ## +# How then can man ... God? How can he who is born ... him? -These two questions are used together to emphasize the impossibility of a man being good enough for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two questions are used together to emphasize that it is impossible for a man to be good enough before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## How then can man be righteous with God? ## +# How then can man be righteous with God? -The implicit reaction is that he cannot. AT: "A man can never be righteous for God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The implicit reaction is that he cannot. AT: "A man can never be righteous before God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## How can he who is born ... acceptable to him? ## +# How can he who is born ... acceptable to him? -The implicit reaction is that he cannot. AT: "He who is born of a woman cannot be clean or acceptable to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The implicit reaction is that he cannot. AT: "He who is born of a woman cannot be clean or acceptable to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## clean, acceptable to him ## +# he who is born of a woman -AT: "clean—that is, acceptable to him" +This idiom includes everyone. AT: "any person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he who is born of a woman ## +# See -AT: "any man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" -## See ## +# the moon has no brightness to him -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +The abstract noun "brightness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "the moon is not bright enough for God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the moon has no brightness to him ## +# the stars are not pure in his sight -AT: "the moon is not bright enough for God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here "pure" means "perfect." AT: "he does not think even the stars are perfect" -## the stars are not pure in his sight ## - -AT: "he does think even the stars are perfect" - -## How much less man ... a son of man ... ## +# How much less man ... a son of man, who is a worm These two lines say the same thing and are used together to emphasize that man is not perfect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## who is a worm ## +# who is a worm -Bildad compares human beings to worms. AT: "who is as worthless as a worm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Bildad states that human beings are as worthless as worms. AT: "who is as worthless as a worm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a son of man ## +# a son of man -AT: "a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is another way of referring to a person. AT: "a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/25/intro.md b/job/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4049c9ea74 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's holiness and man's sin ##### +Bildad describes the holiness of Yahweh and the universal nature of man's sinfulness. While his points are accurate, they are not convincing for Job because he has been righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Bildad uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Bildad's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/26/01.md b/job/26/01.md index c85c716b15..1a1fc76dbb 100644 --- a/job/26/01.md +++ b/job/26/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## How you have helped one ... the arm that has no strength! ## +# How you have helped one ... the arm that has no strength -In these statements, Job is accusing Bildad. The word "one" refers to himself. AT: "I am powerless and have no strength, but you act like you have helped me--but really, you have not helped me at all!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +In these statements, Job is accusing Bildad. The word "one" refers to Job. And, the word "arm" represents the whole person. AT: "I am powerless and have no strength, but you act like you have helped me; but really, you have not helped me at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the arm that has no strength ## +# How you have advised one who has no wisdom and announced to him sound knowledge -Job uses this phrase to describe himself. AT: "me, who is like an arm that has no strength" or "the one who is so weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Job is saying that Bildad has not provided him with good advice and knowledge. AT: "You act like I have no wisdom and that you have advised me, that you have given me good advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## How you have advised on who has no wisdom and announced to him sound knowledge! ## - -Job is saying that Bildad has not provided him with good advice and knowledge. AT: "You act like I have no wisdom and that you have advised me, that you have given me good advice!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) - -## announced to him sound knowledge ## +# announced to him sound knowledge "given him good advice" -## Who helped you to say ...? Whose spirit was it ...? ## +# With whose help have you spoken these words? Whose spirit was it ... you? -In these questions Job continues to mock Bildad. They are both rhetorical questions and have basically the same meaning. They are used together to strengthen each other. AT: "You must have had help speaking these words, perhaps some spirit helped you speak them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +In these questions Job continues to mock Bildad. They are both rhetorical questions and have basically the same meaning. They are used together to strengthen each other. AT: "You must have had help speaking these words. Perhaps some spirit helped you speak them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/26/05.md b/job/26/05.md index 8943432b0e..94f00bc4ef 100644 --- a/job/26/05.md +++ b/job/26/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Those who are deceased, the shades, ## +# The dead -AT: "The dead" or "Those who have died" +This refers to dead people. AT: "Those who are dead" or "The spirits of the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## those inhabitants ## +# tremble -"those who live" or "they live" +They tremble because they are afraid of God. This can be stated clearly. AT: "tremble in fear" or "tremble in fear of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Sheol is naked before God; destruction itself has no covering ... ## +# those who are beneath the waters -These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. To be "naked" or have "no covering" is to be completely exposed and not able to hide anything. AT: "It is like Sheol is naked before God, for nothing in Sheol, the place of destruction, is hidden from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This refers to the dead people who tremble. -## destruction ## +# all who dwell in them -This is another name for Sheol. AT: "the place of destruction" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the dead people who dwell in the waters. + +# Sheol is naked before God; destruction itself has no covering + +Sheol is spoken of as if it were a person. These two phrases have the same meaning. To be "naked" or have "no covering" is to be completely exposed and not able to hide anything. AT: "It is like sheol is naked before God, for nothing in sheol, the place of destruction, is hidden from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# destruction + +This is another name for sheol. AT: "the place of destruction" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/26/07.md b/job/26/07.md index 8b2abbfeb9..2b80eb3380 100644 --- a/job/26/07.md +++ b/job/26/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## He stretches out the north ## +# He stretches out the northern skies over the empty space -AT: "He stretches out the north side of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +The northern skies represent heaven, the place where God dwells with the beings he created to dwell there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## binds up ## +# He binds up the waters in his thick clouds -To "bind up" means to gather something and tie it together. +The clouds are compared to a large blanket in which God wraps the rainwater. AT: "He wraps up the water in his thick clouds" -## but the clouds are not torn under them. ## +# but the clouds are not torn under them -The word "them" refers to the "waters". AT: "but the weight of the waters do not burst the clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated actively. The word "them" refers to the waters. AT: "but the weight of the waters does not tear the clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/26/09.md b/job/26/09.md index 0cd9728569..6be71f7c5d 100644 --- a/job/26/09.md +++ b/job/26/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## He encloses the face of the moon ## +# and spreads his clouds on it -"He covers the face of the moon" +This phrase tells how he covers the surface of the moon. AT: "by spreading his clouds in front of it" -## He has engraved a circular boundary ## +# He has engraved a circular boundary on the surface of the waters -"He has drawn a circle" or "He has placed a circular horizon" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the horizon, where the earth appears to meet the sky, as if God has marked a boundary on the ocean. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/26/11.md b/job/26/11.md index 248bbaa914..85e54939ea 100644 --- a/job/26/11.md +++ b/job/26/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Rahab ## +# The pillars of heaven tremble and are astonished at his rebuke -The word "Rahab" here refers to a monster of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +People thought of heaven or the sky as resting on pillars. Job speaks as though the pillars are humans that shake in fear when God is angry. AT: "The pillars that hold up heaven shake in fear when God rebukes them" or "The pillars that hold up the sky shake like people who are afraid when God rebukes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## pillars of heaven ## +# he shattered Rahab -Here "pillars of heaven" refers to the force that holds up the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"he destroyed Rahab" + +# Rahab + +This is the name of a frightening monster that lived in the sea. See how you translated this in [Job 9:13](../09/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/26/13.md b/job/26/13.md index 56995e219e..abc3f932b1 100644 --- a/job/26/13.md +++ b/job/26/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## By his breath, he cleared ## +# By his breath he made the skies clear -AT: God breathed and cleared" +The noun "breath" can be translated with the verb "breathe" or "blow." This image represents God causing the wind to blow away the clouds. AT: "God blew away the clouds so that the skies were clear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he cleared the heavens of storms; the heavens were cleared of storms; ## +# his hand pierced the fleeing serpent -These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "he cleared the heavens of storms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +It is implied that God his holding a sword, and here "his hand" represents that sword. Also, "pierced" represents killing. AT: "With his sword he pierced the fleeing serpent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## fleeing ## +# the fleeing serpent -trying to escape +"the serpent as it was trying to escape from him." This refers to Rahab, the monster in the sea. See [Job 26:12](./11.md). -## See, these are ## +# See, these are but the fringes of his ways -The word "these" refers to the powerful things that God has done. +Here "fringes" represents a small part that we can see of something that is much bigger. AT: "See, these things that God has done show only a small part of his great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Who can understand the thunder of his power ## +# how small a whisper do we hear of him! -AT: "No one can understand the greatness of his power!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an exclamation that expresses Job's amazement of all the great things that God does that we do not even know about. Seeing what God does is spoken of as hearing God's voice. AT: "it is as if we heard only his quiet whisper!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +# Who can understand the thunder of his power? + +The "thunder of his power" represents God's greatness. Job uses this question to emphasize that God's power is so great that no one can understand it. AT: "The thunder displays the greatness of his power which no one can understand!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/26/intro.md b/job/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..14e6ee2cb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Job 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad. + +This chapter begins a section continuing through chapter 31. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's power ##### +While Bildad describes Yahweh's power as being so much greater than Job's, Job understands the true extent of Yahweh's power. It is not just over Job's life, but over all of creation. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Sarcasm ##### +Job uses sarcasm in this chapter. This is the use of irony to insult Bildad. (See: [Job 1-4](./01.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/01.md b/job/27/01.md index b745654507..237913d587 100644 --- a/job/27/01.md +++ b/job/27/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## for as long as my life is yet in me ## +# As surely as God lives -AT: "for as long as I am alive" +This phrase shows that Job is taking an oath. Job compares the certainty that God is alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I swear by God" -## nostrils ## +# has taken away my justice -AT: "nose" \ No newline at end of file +Justice is spoken of as if it were an object that could be taken away or given. Taking it away represents refusing to treat Job with justice. AT: "has refused to treat me justly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# made my life bitter + +Job's "life" being bitter represents Job feeling resentful toward God. AT: "has caused me to become resentful" or "has made me feel angry because of the unfair way he has treated me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# while my life is yet in me + +This refers to the duration of the rest of his life. AT: "during the whole time that my life is yet in me" or "as long as my life is yet in me" + +# while my life is yet in me + +The abstract noun "life" can be expressed with the adjective "alive" or the verb "live." AT: "as long as I am still alive" or "while I still live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the breath from God is in my nostrils + +"Breath ... in my nostrils" represents being able to breathe. "Breath from God" represents God making him able to breathe. AT: "God enables me to breathe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# nostrils + +"nose" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/04.md b/job/27/04.md index 5752347f78..918bf7eebb 100644 --- a/job/27/04.md +++ b/job/27/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## surely my lips will not speak ... neither will my tongue speak ... ## +# My lips will not speak wickedness, neither will my tongue speak deceit -These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. When it says "my lips" and "my tongue," Job is referring to himself. AT: "Surely I will not speak unrighteousness or deceit." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that he will not speak in such ways. The phrases "My lips" and "my tongue" represent Job himself. AT: "I will not speak wickedness or deceit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## unrighteousness ... deceit ## +# speak wickedness ... speak deceit -AT: "unrighteous words ... deceitful words" +The abstract nouns "wickedness" and "deceit" can be expressed with "wickedly" and "deceitfully." AT: "speak wickedly ... speak deceitfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## that you are right ## +# I will never admit that you three are right -The word "you" here is plural. It refers to Job's friends. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +"I will never agree with you and say that you three are right" -## deny ## +# that you three are right -AT: "give up" \ No newline at end of file +The word "you" here is plural. It refers to Job's friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I will never deny my integrity + +"I will never say that I am not innocent" or "I will always say that I am innocent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/06.md b/job/27/06.md index 78ec72dd68..d597cdafba 100644 --- a/job/27/06.md +++ b/job/27/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## my thoughts ## +# I hold fast to my righteousness -This may also be translated "my heart". +Here "hold fast" is a metaphor that represents being determined to continue to say something. The abstract noun "righteousness" can be expressed with "righteous." AT: "I am determined to continue saying that I am righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Let my enemy be ... let him who rises up against me be ... ## +# will not let it go -These two clauses share the same meaning in order to provide emphasis through repetition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "will not let it go" is a metaphor that represents not stopping saying something. AT: "will not stop saying that I am righteous" or "will not stop saying so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my thoughts will not reproach me + +Here the phrase "my thoughts" represents Job. AT: "even in my thoughts, I will not reproach myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let my enemy be ... let him who rises up against me be + +The two clauses that start with these words share the same meaning. They are used together to emphasize Job's strong desire that this should happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Let my enemy be like a wicked man + +How he wants his enemy to be like a wicked person can be stated clearly. AT: "Let my enemy be punished like a wicked man" or "Let God punish my enemy as he punishes wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let him who rises up against me be like an unrighteous man + +How he wants this person to be like an unrighteous man can be stated clearly. AT: "let him who rises up against me be punished like an unrighteous man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# him who rises up against me + +Here "rises up against me" is a metaphor meaning "opposes me." The whole phrase refers to Job's adversary. AT: "him who opposes me" or "my adversary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/08.md b/job/27/08.md index 3933d78c93..4ed388499f 100644 --- a/job/27/08.md +++ b/job/27/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## For what is the hope of the godless when God cuts him off, when God takes away his life? ## +# For what is the hope of a godless man when ... when God takes away his life? -AT: "There is no hope for the godless when God cuts off his life, when God takes away his soul." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Job uses this question to say that such a man has no hope. This question can be translated as a simple statement. AT: "There is no hope for the godless when God ... takes away his soul." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the godless ## +# when God cuts him off, when God takes away his life -AT: "the godless man" +These two phrases have the same meaning. AT: "when God cuts him off and takes away his life" or "when God causes him to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## when God cuts off his life, when God takes away his soul ## +# cuts him off -These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "when God takes away his life" or "when God causes him to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a metaphor meaning "kills him" or "causes him to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Will God hear his cry when trouble comes upon him? ## +# takes away his life -AT: "God will not hear his cry when trouble comes upon him." or "When trouble comes upon him, God will not hear his cry for help." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This is a metaphor meaning "kills him" or "makes him stop living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Will he delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times? ## +# Will God hear his cry when trouble comes upon him? -AT: "He will not delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times." or "He will not be happy about what the Almighty does and he will not pray to God often." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job uses this question to say that God will not help that person. This question can be translated as a simple statement. AT: "God will not hear his cry when trouble comes upon him." or "When trouble comes upon him and he cries out for help, God will not hear him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will God hear his cry + +Here "hear his cry" represents responding to the godless man's cry and helping him. AT: "Will God respond to his cry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Will he delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times? + +Job uses this question to say that the godless man will not do these things. This question can be translated as a simple statement. AT: "He will not delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times." or "He will not be happy about what the Almighty does and he will not pray to God often." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/11.md b/job/27/11.md index 89303eeec4..0bc61dfb58 100644 --- a/job/27/11.md +++ b/job/27/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## I will teach you concerning ... I will not conceal the thoughts ... ## +# I will teach you -These two clauses have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Each occurrence of "you" in these verses is plural and refers to Job's three friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## I will teach you ## +# the hand of God -Each occurrence of "you" in these verses is plural and refer to Job's three friends (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +God's "hand" represents his power. AT: "the power of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## hand of God ## +# I will not conceal the thoughts of the Almighty -The "hand" of God refers to the "power" of God. AT: "power of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The abstract noun "thoughts" can be expressed with the verb "think." AT: I will not hide from you what the Almighty thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## conceal ## +# why then have you spoken all this nonsense? -"hide" - -## why have you spoken all this nonsense ## - -This is written as a question in order to provide emphasis. AT: "You should not have spoken so foolishly!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job uses this question to rebuke his friends for saying such foolish things. This question can be translated as a simple statement. AT: "you should not have spoken so foolishly!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/13.md b/job/27/13.md index 2c97728e9d..cfd4771d4a 100644 --- a/job/27/13.md +++ b/job/27/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the destiny of a wicked man ... the heritage of the oppressor ... ## +# This is the destiny of a wicked man with God -These clauses express the same meaning for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +A wicked man's destiny with God refers to what God has planned for him. AT: "This is what God has planned for the wicked man" -## the heritage of the oppressor that he receives from the Almighty ## +# the heritage of the oppressor that he receives from the Almighty -AT: the Almighty gives the oppressor this heritage:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "the heritage of the oppressor" is a metaphor representing what will happen to the oppressor. What God will do to him is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that God will give him. AT: "what the Almighty will do to the oppressor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for the sword ## +# it is for the sword -This means that the children of the wicked man will die in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "the sword" represents dying in battle. AT: "they will die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/15.md b/job/27/15.md index 1f8371df7e..62fe74dbf1 100644 --- a/job/27/15.md +++ b/job/27/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## their widows ... them ## +# Those who survive him -The words "their" and "them" refer to "Those who survive" from the previous line, that is, the children of the wicked man. +This refers to the wicked man's children. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Those who continue to live after their wicked father dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## heaps up silver like dust ## +# will be buried by plague -This phrase compares gathering silver as if it were as available as dust. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "be buried" represents dying. AT: "will die by plague" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## heaps up clothing like clay ## +# their widows ... them -This phrase compares those who gather clothing as if it were as easy to find as clay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The words "their" and "them" refer to "Those who survive him," that is, the children of the wicked man. -## and the innocent ## +# heaps up silver like the dust -AT: "and innocent people" \ No newline at end of file +Here "heaps up" is a metonym meaning "gathers much." Job speaks as if the silver were as easy to get as dust. AT: "gathers large piles of silver" or "gathers silver as easily as he could gather dust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# heaps up clothing like clay + +Here "heaps up" is a metonym meaning "gathers much." Job speaks as if the clothing were as easy to get as clay. AT: "gathers large piles of clothing" or "gathers clothing as easily as he could gather clay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/18.md b/job/27/18.md index e068377903..5a97b48225 100644 --- a/job/27/18.md +++ b/job/27/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## house like a spider ## +# He builds his house like a spider -A spider's web is easily destroyed because it is not strong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +After "spider," the phrase "builds its web" is understood information. It can be made clear. AT: "He builds his house as a spider builds its web" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## like a spider ## +# He builds his house like a spider -AT: "like a spider builds its house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +A spider web is fragile and easily destroyed. AT: "He builds his house as fragile as a spider builds its web" or "He builds his house as fragile as a spider's web" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like a hut ## +# like a hut A hut is a temporary house that is also not very strong. AT: "like a temporary hut" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## he opens his eyes, and everything is gone. ## +# He lies down in bed rich -AT: "he will open his eyes and all of his riches will be gone" \ No newline at end of file +"He is wealthy when he lies down in bed." This refers to his lying down in bed at night and sleeping. + +# but he will not keep doing so + +"but he will not keep lying down in bed rich" or "but he will not continue to be wealthy when he lies down in bed" + +# he opens his eyes + +Opening his eyes represents waking up in the morning. AT: "he wakes up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# everything is gone + +"all of his riches are gone" or "everything has vanished" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/20.md b/job/27/20.md index 91e2f52f6f..1e36b87a3e 100644 --- a/job/27/20.md +++ b/job/27/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## terrors overtake him like waters ## +# Terrors overtake him -AT: "Terrors come over him like a flood of waters surrounds a person;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "overtake him" represents suddenly happening to him. Possible meanings are that "terrors" is a metonym for 1) things that cause people to be afraid. AT: "Terrifying things suddenly happen to him" or 2) fear. AT: "He suddenly becomes terrified" -## a storm takes ## +# like waters -"a violent wind blows" +The word "waters" refers to a flood. Floods can happen very suddenly when people do not expect them, and they are dangerous and frightening. AT: "like a flood" or "like waters that rise up suddenly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## it sweeps him ## +# a storm takes him away -This compares the wind blowing him out of his house to someone sweeping dust out of a house with a broom. AT: "the wind sweeps him out of his place like a woman sweeps dirt out of a house with a broom" or "the wind blows him out of his place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"a violent wind blows him away" -## out of his place ## +# it sweeps him out of his place -AT: "out of his home" \ No newline at end of file +Job speaks of the wind blowing the wicked man out of his house as if the wind were a person sweeping dust out of a house with a broom. AT: "the wind sweeps him out of his place like a woman who sweeps dirt out of a house" or "the wind easily blows him out of his place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# his place + +"his home" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/22.md b/job/27/22.md index 4576bb656f..352b07aa44 100644 --- a/job/27/22.md +++ b/job/27/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## It throws ... it claps ... it hisses ## +# General Information: -In these verse the wind is described as if it were a person attacking someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +In verses 22-23 Job speaks of the wind as if it were a person attacking the wicked person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## at him ... he tries ... his place ## +# It throws itself at him -The words "him," "he," and "his" refer to the wicked man who is being attacked by the wind. +Here the phrase "throws itself at him" represents the wind blowing strong against him like an attacker. AT: "It blows strong against him like someone attacking him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## out of its hand ## +# he tries to flee out of its hand -Here the wind is described as having hands that control someone. AT: "out of its control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "hand" represents the power or control that the wind has over the wicked man. AT: "he tries to flee out of its control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## it hisses him out of his place ## +# It claps its hands at him in mockery -AT: "it hisses at him, causing him to leave his home" \ No newline at end of file +Clapping the hands is a way of mocking someone. Here it represents the wind making loud noises. AT: "It makes loud noises like someone clapping his hands to mock him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# it hisses him out of his place + +The wind makes a noise as it blows him out of his place. It sounds like the hissing sound that people make to mock someone. AT: "it makes a hissing noise as it causes him to leave his home" or "it blows him out of his place and makes a hissing noise like someone who hisses at him to mock him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/27/intro.md b/job/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0421039029 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Job 27 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's righteousness ##### +Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh's authority. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/01.md b/job/28/01.md index f772977877..18289d55c9 100644 --- a/job/28/01.md +++ b/job/28/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## mine ## +# mine -a place where metal ore is dug out of the earth +This is a place where people dig rocks out of the earth. These rocks have metal in them. -## refine ## +# refine -This is the process of heating a metal to remove all of the impurities. +This is the process of heating a metal to remove all of the impurities that are in it. -## copper ## +# Iron is taken out of the earth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People take iron out of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# copper is smelted out of the stone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people smelt copper out of the stone" or "people heat stone to melt copper out of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# copper an important red-brown colored metal -## smelted ## +# smelted -This is a process where heat is used to melt metal ore out of stone. \ No newline at end of file +This is a process of heating rocks to melt the metal in them in order to get the metal out of the rocks. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/03.md b/job/28/03.md index e5687b19d1..1ad0992186 100644 --- a/job/28/03.md +++ b/job/28/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## A man sets an end to darkness, ## +# A man sets an end to darkness -This refers to man using a lantern or torch to work in the dark mines. AT: "A man carries light into dark places" +Here "sets an end to darkness" represents shining a light in the darkness. People used a lantern or a torch for light. AT: "A man carries light into dark places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to the farthest limit ## +# to the farthest limit -AT: "to the farthest reaches of the mine" +"to the farthest parts of the mine" -## obscurity ## +# obscurity ... thick darkness -"unknown" or "remote" +These two phrases are used together to emphasize that the mine is extremely dark. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## shaft ## +# shaft -a narrow underground passage carved out of the rock +a deep narrow hole dug into the ground or rock. People go down into the hole to mine it. -## forgotten by anyone's foot ## +# places that are forgotten by anyone's foot -Here a "foot" is described as forgetting walking somewhere. AT: "where no one ever walks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The foot is spoken of as if it is a person who can remember. AT: "places where people no longer walk" or "where no one ever walks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# He hangs far away from people + +How and where he hangs can be stated clearly. AT: "Far away from people, he hangs from a rope in the shaft" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/05.md b/job/28/05.md index 03d8abcd31..d37140188f 100644 --- a/job/28/05.md +++ b/job/28/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## out of which bread comes ## +# the earth, out of which comes bread -AT: "where food is produced," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "bread" represents food in general. Food coming out of the ground is a metaphor for food growing out of the ground. AT: "the earth, where food grows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## it is turned up below as if by fire. ## +# it is turned up below as if by fire -AT: "but below the earth it looks like everything has been heated by fire and crushed" +Possible meanings are that 1) people made fires under the ground to break apart the rock. AT: "it is broken up below by the fires that the miners make" or 2) "turned" is a metaphor for changed. AT: "it is broken up below so much that it appears that it was destroyed by fire" -## it is turned ... its stones ... its dust ## +# it is turned ... Its stones ... its dust -The word "it" refers to the "earth". +The word "it" refers to the earth. -## sapphires ## +# sapphires -This word refers to a type of rare and expensive blue gem stone. \ No newline at end of file +a rare and valuable blue gemstone \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/07.md b/job/28/07.md index 664bb7059b..fea9ffe91b 100644 --- a/job/28/07.md +++ b/job/28/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## No bird of prey knows ... nor has the falcon's eye ... ## +# No bird of prey knows the path to it ... nor has the falcon's eye seen it -Both of these clauses express similar meaning. AT: "No falcon knows or has ever seen the path to the mines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These clauses express a similar meaning. AT: "No bird of prey or falcon knows or has ever seen the path that goes to the mine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## bird of prey ## +# bird of prey a bird that eats other animals -## falcon ## +# falcon -This may also be translated "vulture". Both are large flying bird that eat smaller animals. You may translate this with a similar bird from your culture that is large and eats other animals. +This may also be translated "hawk." Both are birds that hunt and eat other animals. You may translate this with a similar bird from your culture. -## proud animals have not walked ... nor has the fierce lion passed ... ## +# The proud animals have not walked such a path ... nor has the fierce lion passed there These clauses also express similar meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## it ... there ## +# The proud animals -The words "it" and "there" both refer to the mines in these verses. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to very strong, wild animals. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/09.md b/job/28/09.md index 61233ed1ae..97ad4ae731 100644 --- a/job/28/09.md +++ b/job/28/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## A man lays his hand on the flinty rock ## +# lays his hand on the flinty rock -AT: "A man digs into the flinty rock;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This represents breaking up the rock. AT: "digs into the flinty rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## flinty rock ## +# flinty rock "hard rock" -## he overturns mountains by their roots ## +# he overturns mountains by their roots -The man who digs for valuable rocks exposes the "roots" of the mountain by digging into it. \ No newline at end of file +Digging up the mountains and the ground underneath them is a metaphor from digging out weeds or trees, an exaggeration that represents digging minerals out of the ground. AT: "he turns the mountains upside down by pulling out their roots." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his eye sees + +Here "his eye" represents him. AT: "he sees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He ties up the streams so they do not run + +Here "ties up the streams" means damming or blocking the streams. AT: "He blocks the streams so they do not flow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# what is hidden there + +This refers to things that people normally do not see because they are in the ground or underwater. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/12.md b/job/28/12.md index 5a60283e82..26cd216852 100644 --- a/job/28/12.md +++ b/job/28/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding? ## +# General Information: -Both of these questions have the same meaning and are seeking the same answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +In 28:12-28, wisdom and understanding are spoken of as if they were precious objects that are in some place and people want to find them. Finding wisdom and understanding represents becoming wise and learning to understand things well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## its price ... is it found ... It is not ## +# Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding? -The word "it" in these verses refers to "wisdom". +These questions mean the same thing and are used to show that it is very difficult to find wisdom and understanding. AT: "It is very difficult to find wisdom and understanding." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## The deep waters ... say, ‘It is not in me;’ the sea says, ‘It is not with me.’ ## +# Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding -AT: "It is not in the deep waters under the earth, nor is it in the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Becoming wise and understanding is spoken of as finding wisdom and understanding. AT: "How do people become wise? How do people learn to understand things well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Man does not know its price + +Possible meanings are 1) wisdom is spoken of as if it were something that people can buy. AT: "People do not know what it is worth" or 2) the word translated as "price" means "place." AT: "People do not know where it is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# neither is it found in the land of the living + +"and it is not found in the land of the living." The "land of the living" refers to this world where people live. This can be stated in active form. AT: "and no one can find wisdom in this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The deep waters ... say, 'It is not in me'; the sea says, 'It is not with me.' + +The deep waters and the sea are presented as if they are people that can speak. AT: "Wisdom is not in the deep waters under the earth, nor is it in the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/15.md b/job/28/15.md index 6e92759246..37566bdc35 100644 --- a/job/28/15.md +++ b/job/28/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## Ophir ## +# It cannot be gotten for gold -This land was known for its fine gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. This implies that wisdom is worth much more than gold. AT: "People cannot pay for wisdom with gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## onyx ## +# neither can silver be weighed as its price + +This implies that wisdom is worth much more than silver. It can be stated in active form. AT: "and people cannot weigh out enough silver to pay for wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It cannot be valued with ... sapphire + +This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than the gold of Ophir, precious onyx and sapphire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Ophir + +This is the name of a land where there was fine gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# onyx a valuable black gemstone -## sapphire ## +# sapphire a valuable blue gemstone -## crystal ## +# Gold and crystal cannot equal it in worth + +This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than gold and crystal. + +# crystal a valuable gemstone that is clear or lightly colored -## exchanged ## +# neither can it be exchanged for jewels of fine gold + +"and it cannot be exchanged for jewels of fine gold." This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than jewels of fine gold. + +# exchanged "traded" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/18.md b/job/28/18.md index 98fb3e5992..80b728dd55 100644 --- a/job/28/18.md +++ b/job/28/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## jasper, rubies, topaz ## +# No mention is worth making of coral or jasper -These are very expensive stones. \ No newline at end of file +"It is not worth making mention of coral and jasper." This implies that wisdom is worth so much more than coral and jasper that there is no need for Job to say anything about them. AT: "I will not bother to mention coral or jasper" or "Coral and jasper are worthless compared to wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# coral + +This is a beautiful, hard substance that grows on ocean reefs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# jasper ... rubies ... topaz + +These are valuable gemstones. + +# The topaz of Cush does not equal it + +This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than the finest topaz. + +# neither can it be valued in terms of pure gold + +"and wisdom cannot be valued in terms of pure gold." This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than pure gold. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/20.md b/job/28/20.md index 6f88d0768d..71bcea41ee 100644 --- a/job/28/20.md +++ b/job/28/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## hidden from the eyes of all living things ## +# From where, then, comes wisdom? Where is the place of understanding? -AT: "Wisdom is not a thing that can be observed by man or beast. For example, a bird cannot watch it as it flies over the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Job uses these questions to introduce how people get wisdom and understanding. AT: "I will tell you where wisdom comes from and where understanding is." or "I will tell you how to become wise and how to learn to understand things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## destruction and death ## +# From where, then, comes wisdom -Both "death" and "destruction" are represented as saying that they have only "heard" about wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Wisdom is spoken of as if it were in a place and comes to people. Its coming represents people becoming wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Where is the place of understanding + +Understanding is spoken of as if it were in a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Wisdom is hidden from the eyes of all living things + +This means that living things are unable to see wisdom. It can be expressed in active form. AT: "No living thing can see wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# is kept hidden from the birds of the heavens + +This means that the birds are unable to see wisdom. This can be expressed in active form. AT: "even the birds that fly in the skies cannot see wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Destruction and Death say + +Here "Destruction" and "Death" are spoken of as if they are living things who can speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/23.md b/job/28/23.md index 02867cc71c..0c527f29b6 100644 --- a/job/28/23.md +++ b/job/28/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## parceled ## +# God understands the way to it; he knows its place -This means to divide something into smaller parts. \ No newline at end of file +Wisdom is spoken of as if it were in a certain place. AT: "God knows how to find wisdom. He knows where it is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the very ends of the earth + +"the farthest places on the earth" + +# parceled out the waters by measure + +This describes God deciding how much water should be in each place. Possible meanings are that this refers to deciding 1) how much rain should be in each cloud or 2) how much water should be in each sea. AT: "decided how much water should be in each place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/26.md b/job/28/26.md index 111891bde8..a6d69dcb48 100644 --- a/job/28/26.md +++ b/job/28/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom ... to depart from evil is understanding ## +# a path for the thunder -Expressing the same meaning in both of these clauses provides emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"he decided how the thunder can be heard" or "he decided the path of the thunderstorm" + +# See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom + +The abstract noun "fear" can be expressed with the verbs "fear" or "respect." The abstract noun "wisdom" can be expressed with the word "wise." AT: "Listen, if you fear the Lord, you will be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to depart from evil is understanding + +Here "depart from evil" means refusing to do evil things. The abstract noun "understanding" can be expressed with the verb "understand." AT: "if you refuse to do evil, then you will understand many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/28/intro.md b/job/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b4aa672c68 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Job 28 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's wisdom ##### + +Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh's wisdom and authority. This chapter especially focuses on Yahweh's wisdom as he controls the circumstances of Job's life. Men cannot understand because they do not have Yahweh's wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/01.md b/job/29/01.md index 42b1c1b457..b6c59abaf2 100644 --- a/job/29/01.md +++ b/job/29/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## when his lamp shined on my head ## +# Oh, that I were as I was in the past months -The words "his lamp" represent the presence of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job uses this exclamation to express a wish. AT: "I wish that I were as I was in past months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# when his lamp shined on my head + +God's lamp shining on Job represents God blessing Job. AT: "when God's blessing was like a lamp shining its light on my head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when I walked through darkness by his light + +Walking through darkness represents experiencing difficult situations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/04.md b/job/29/04.md index 39b5a6ab4b..4b7b57d327 100644 --- a/job/29/04.md +++ b/job/29/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## when my way was awash in cream ... the rock poured me out streams of oil ## +# in the ripeness of my days -See UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job speaks of when he was young and strong as if his days were the time when the harvest is ripe. AT: "when I was young and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when the friendship of God was on my tent + +The abstract noun "friendship" can be expressed with the noun "friend." The word "tent" represents Job's home. AT: "when God was my friend and protected my home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when my way was covered with cream + +"when my path was flowing with cream." Job uses this exaggeration to express that he had many cows and they produced much more cream than he and his family needed. AT: "when my cows provided an abundance of cream" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# and the rock poured out for me streams of oil + +"and the rock poured out streams of oil for me." Job uses this exaggeration to express that he had many olive vines and great amounts of olive oil. The rock is where his servants pressed the oil out of the olives. AT: "when my servants pressed out a great amount of olive oil" or "when oil flowed like streams from the pressing rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/07.md b/job/29/07.md index 95400e081f..f09b3f636d 100644 --- a/job/29/07.md +++ b/job/29/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## city square ## +# city square -This is an open area in a village or city where two or more streets meet. \ No newline at end of file +This is an open area in a village or city where two or more streets meet. + +# rose and stood for me + +This is a symbol of respect. It can be stated clearly. AT: "rose and stood respectfully for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/09.md b/job/29/09.md index cca4e2be75..7ead993043 100644 --- a/job/29/09.md +++ b/job/29/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## and their tongue clung to the roof of their mouths ## +# The princes used to refrain from talking when I came -AT: "and they felt that they were unable to speak." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This was a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# they would lay their hand on their mouths + +They did this to show that they would not speak. This was a sign of their respect for Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# The voices of the noblemen were hushed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The noblemen hushed their voices" or "The noblemen stopped speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their tongue clung to the roof of their mouths + +This represents them having so much respect for Job that they had nothing to say. AT: "they felt that they were unable to speak" or "they had nothing to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/11.md b/job/29/11.md index b6b317d195..97ae94bacf 100644 --- a/job/29/11.md +++ b/job/29/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## ears heard me ... eyes saw me ## +# after their ears heard me ... after their eyes saw me -AT: "When they all heard what I told them ... after they saw me," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The ears represent those who heard him, and the eyes represent those who saw him. AT: "after they heard what I told them ... after they saw me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## I caused the widow's heart to sing for joy ## +# they would then give witness to me and approve of me -AT: "I caused widows to sing joyfully," (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"they would witness approvingly of me" + +# I rescued the one who was poor when he cried out + +Here "the one who was poor" refers to any poor person. AT: "I used to rescue poor people who cried out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# The blessing of him who was about to perish came on me + +Someone's blessing coming on another represents that person blessing another. AT: "He who was about to perish would bless me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# him who was about to perish + +This represents anyone who was about to die. AT: "those who were about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# I caused the widow's heart to sing for joy + +Here "the widow's heart" represents any widow. AT: "I caused widows to sing joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/14.md b/job/29/14.md index 4aefe124be..8748d4528e 100644 --- a/job/29/14.md +++ b/job/29/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## I put on righteousness ## +# I put on righteousness, and it clothed me -Job's righteous actions were like a garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +People often spoke of righteousness as if it were clothing. AT: "I did what was righteous, and it was like clothing that I put on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I was eyes ... feet ## +# my justice was like a robe and a turban -Job possessed a special understanding of those who were disabled. +People often spoke of justice as if it were clothing. AT: "I did what was just, and it was like a robe and a turban on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## I was a father to the needy ## +# turban -Job cared for the poor people. \ No newline at end of file +a long cloth that men wrap around their heads and wear as a hat + +# I was eyes to blind people + +This represents helping blind people. AT: "I was like eyes for blind people" or "I guided blind people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I was feet to lame people + +This represents helping blind people. AT: "I was like feet for lame people" or "I supported lame people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I was a father to needy people + +Here "I was a father" represents providing for people. AT: "I provided for needy people as a father provides for his children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/17.md b/job/29/17.md index 18db83e3b8..a76fd303fd 100644 --- a/job/29/17.md +++ b/job/29/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## I broke the jaws of ... I plucked the victim ## +# General Information: -Job helped those who had been persecuted by unrighteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +In verses 18-20 Job tells about the things he used to say before bad things happened to him. -## I will die in my nest ## +# I broke the jaws of ... I plucked the victim -The "nest" represents a safe place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Job speaks of unrighteous people who persecute others as if they were wild animals that attack their victims by picking them up between their teeth. AT: "I made unrighteous people stop persecuting people, like someone who breaks the jaw of a wild animal and rescues its victim from between its teeth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## multiply my days like the grains of sand ## +# I will die in my nest -Job had believed he would live a long life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "nest" represents Job's home and family. Job used to speak as if he were a bird that lived in a nest with his baby birds. AT: "I will die at home with my family" or "I will die in the safety of my home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my roots ... my branches ## +# I will multiply my days like the grains of sand -With God's help, Job was as sturdy as a well-watered tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +There are more grains of sand on the shore than anyone can count. To say that he would live more days than anyone could count is an exaggeration to express that he would live a very long time. AT: "I will live a very long time" or "I will live many years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# My roots ... my branches + +Job used to speak of his strength as if he were strong like a well-watered tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/20.md b/job/29/20.md index d419c0b67a..1d6bd1f03d 100644 --- a/job/29/20.md +++ b/job/29/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the bow of my strength is always new ## +# The honor in me is always fresh -Job's former strength was like that of a new bow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The abstract noun "honor" can be expressed with the verb "honor." Here "fresh" represents the honor being constantly given. AT: "People constantly give me honor" or "People always honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## dropped like water ## +# the bow of my strength is always new in my hand -Job's words were like drops of water that refresh and strengthen others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +A new bow is very strong. Job's bow of strength in his hand represents his physical strength. AT: "I am always strong like a new bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my speech dropped like water on them + +Here "dropped like water on them" represents refreshing the people who heard him. The abstract noun "speech" can be translated with the verb "speak" or "say." AT: "my speech refreshed their hearts as drops of water refresh people's bodies" or "what I said to them refreshed them like drops of water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/23.md b/job/29/23.md index 1a9dd9658a..ca518b1473 100644 --- a/job/29/23.md +++ b/job/29/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## they always waited for me as they waited for the rain ## +# They always waited for me as they waited for rain -People waited for Job patiently and with expectation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +People waited for Job patiently and expected to hear good things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## opened their mouth to drink my words ## +# they opened their mouth wide to drink in my words -AT: "They appreciated my words like farmers desire the rain." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +This represents waiting eagerly for Job to speak in order to benefit from what said. AT: "they eagerly waited for me to speak in order to benefit from what I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I smiled on them ## +# as they would do for the latter rain -AT: "I greatly encouraged them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"as farmers wait eagerly for the latter rain" -## light of my face ## +# the latter rain -This refers to Job's cheerful expressions. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the large amount of rain that falls just before the dry season. + +# I smiled on them + +It can be stated clearly that the purpose of smiling was to encourage them. AT: "I smiled on them to encourage them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the light of my face + +This represents the kindness they saw in Job's face. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/25.md b/job/29/25.md index 6b06d87a9e..aa78634b01 100644 --- a/job/29/25.md +++ b/job/29/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## like a king ## +# I selected their way -Job treated the people like a good ruler or king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "selected their way" represents deciding what they should do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## like one who comforts ## +# sat as their chief -Job was compassionate among the people. \ No newline at end of file +Here "sat" represents ruling or leading. Chiefs sat down when they made important decisions. AT: "led them as their chief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sat as their chief + +Job was their chief. AT: "led them because I was their chief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I lived like a king in his army + +Job speaks of how he led the people and how they obeyed him as if he were a king and they were his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like one who comforts mourners + +This phrase means that Job actually was one who comforted people. AT: "I comforted them when they mourned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/29/intro.md b/job/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d2aaa6af40 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Job 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh. + +In this chapter, Job recalls the days before Yahweh's blessings were taken from him. This is only one part of Job's argument that continues for the next 3 chapters. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/01.md b/job/30/01.md index 1a5868527e..90a24c611f 100644 --- a/job/30/01.md +++ b/job/30/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## Indeed the strength of their fathers' hands ... men in whom the strength of their mature age had perished ## +# have nothing but mockery for me -AT: "I could gain nothing by having their fathers' help me because they were now so weak!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "mockery" can be expressed with the verb "mock." AT: "only mock me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# whose fathers I would have refused to allow to work beside the dogs of my flock + +This shows how much he despised those fathers. They were not even good enough to be with his dogs. AT: "whose fathers I despised and would not have allowed to work beside the dogs of my flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the dogs of my flock + +The dogs' relationship to the flock can be stated clearly. AT: "the dogs that guarded my flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Indeed, the strength of their fathers' hands, how could it have helped me ... perished? + +Job uses this question to mock the weakness of those men. AT: "The strength of their fathers' hands could not have helped me ... perished." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# men in whom the strength of their mature age had perished + +Their strength perishing is a metaphor that represents no longer being strong but weak. The phrase "mature age" refers to them being old. AT: "men who had become old and had no strength" or "men who had become old and weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They were thin from poverty and hunger + +The word "They" refers to the fathers of the young mockers. + +# They were thin from poverty and hunger + +The abstract noun "poverty" can be expressed with the word "poor." The abstract noun "hunger" can be expressed with the words "hungry" or "starving." AT: "They were very thin because they were poor and starving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they gnawed at the dry ground + +Possible meanings are that 1) "dry ground" is a metonym for the dry roots that grow in the ground. AT: "they chewed on the dry roots they found in the ground" or 2) "gnawed at the dried ground" is a metonym for eating whatever they could find in the dry ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/04.md b/job/30/04.md index a44aceb7a6..e6eee6c262 100644 --- a/job/30/04.md +++ b/job/30/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## the roots of the broom tree were their food ## +# Connecting Statement: -Possible meanings are 1) The people ate the roots of the broom tree. or 2) The people warmed themselves by burning the roots of broom trees (see UDB). +Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers. -## shouted after them as one would shout after a thief ## +# saltwort ... bushes' leaves ... the roots of the broom tree -AT: "shouted at them as though they were thieves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are plants that people would eat only if they could find nothing better. + +# the roots of the broom tree were their food + +Possible meanings are 1) the people ate the roots of the broom tree or 2) the people warmed themselves by burning the roots of broom trees. + +# They were driven out from among people who shouted after them as ... a thief + +The phrase "were driven out" means "were forced to leave." These phrases can be reordered and stated in active form. AT: "The people shouted after them as ... a thief and forced them to leave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# shouted after them as one would shout after a thief + +"shouted at them as though they were thieves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/07.md b/job/30/07.md index 52b2be37f8..4d77155b9f 100644 --- a/job/30/07.md +++ b/job/30/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## brayed like donkeys ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "cried out in their hunger;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers. -## They were descendants of fools, indeed, of worthless men ## +# brayed like donkeys -AT: "They acted like people without good sense." +Job speaks of the men crying out in hunger as if they were wild donkeys making a loud noise. AT: "cried out like wild donkeys because they were hungry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## they were driven out of the land by whips ## +# they gathered together under the nettles -AT: "they were driven out of the land like wild animals." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Nettles" are bushes with sharp thorns. This implies that they did not have a home. + +# They were the sons of fools + +Here "were the sons of fools" represents having the characteristics fools. AT: "They were like fools" or "they were fools" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# indeed, sons of nameless people + +The word "indeed" shows that what follows strengthens the previous thought. Here "sons of nameless people" represents having the characteristics of nameless people. AT: "indeed, they were nameless people" or "indeed, they were worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# nameless people + +Here being "nameless" represents having no honor or respect. It means that they are worthless. AT: "worthless people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They were driven out of the land with whips + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) the idea of whips implies that they were being treated like criminals. AT: "People treated them like criminals and forced them to leave the land" or 2) people actually used whips to force them out. AT: "People whipped them and forced them to leave the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They were driven out of the land + +Here "the land" refers to the land where they lived before they were forced to go out to the wilderness. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/09.md b/job/30/09.md index 59cfa8ecba..d0d734c672 100644 --- a/job/30/09.md +++ b/job/30/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## God has unstrung the string of my bow and has afflicted me ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "God has taken aware my power to defend myself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job speaks again about the people who were mocking him. + +# But now, for their sons I have become their subject for a song of mockery + +The abstract nouns "song" and "mockery" can be expressed with the verbs "sing" and "mock. AT: "But now their sons sing songs about me to mock me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I am now a joke to them + +Here "joke" represents a person whom people make cruel jokes about. AT: "I am now one whom they make cruel jokes about" or "They joke and say cruel things about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they do not refrain from spitting in my face + +This can be stated positively. AT: "they even spit in my face!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# God has unstrung the string to my bow + +A bow that is unstrung is not useful. The phrase "has unstrung the string of my bow" is a metaphor for making Job powerless. AT: "God has taken away my power to defend myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who taunt me + +"those who mock me" + +# cast off restraint before my face + +A restraint keeps a person from moving freely and doing what he wants. Here "restraint" represents refraining from doing something, and "cast off restraint" represents not refraining from doing something. In this case the mockers did not refrain from being cruel to Job. AT: "do not refrain from being cruel to me" or "do whatever cruel things they want to do to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/12.md b/job/30/12.md index f481cdb04c..ca29f1ace0 100644 --- a/job/30/12.md +++ b/job/30/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## Upon my right hand rise the rabble ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "My enemies prepare to destroy me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +Job continues to speak about the people who were mocking him. -## pile up against me their siege mounds ## +# General Information: -Job knows that his enemies are preparing to attack him, just as an army prepares to attack a wall of protection around a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job speaks about the mockers treating him cruelly as if they were a mob and an army attacking him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Upon my right hand rise the rabble + +"the rabble rise upon my right hand." Possible meanings are 1) rising upon Job's right hand represents attacking his strength. AT: "Gangs of young people attack my strength" or 2) rising upon Job's right hand represents attacking his honor. AT: "Mobs attack my honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they drive me away + +"they force me to run away" + +# pile up against me their siege mounds + +Armies would pile up mounds of dirt along a city's wall in order to climb over the wall and attack the city. Job speaks of the mockers preparing to attack him as if they were doing that. AT: "prepare to attack me like an army that prepares to attack a city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They destroy my path + +This represents keeping Job from escaping their attack. AT: "They prevent me from escaping from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they push forward disaster for me + +Here "push forward disaster" represents trying to make disaster happen. AT: "they try to make disaster happen to me" or "they try to destroy me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# men who have no one to hold them back + +Here "hold them back" represents stopping them from doing something. AT: "men who have no one to stop them from attacking me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/14.md b/job/30/14.md index 69d79dd9c3..96f33e2e97 100644 --- a/job/30/14.md +++ b/job/30/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## like an army through a wide hole in the city wall ## +# Connecting Statement: -Job compares his situation to a city under attack with a hole in its defensive wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Job continues to speak about the people who were mocking him. -## my honor is driven away as if by the wind ## +# General Information: -AT: "the wind has blown away my honor;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Job speaks about the mockers treating him cruelly as if they were an army attacking him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my prosperity passes away as a cloud ## +# They come against me like an army through a wide hole in a city wall -Job's belongings have disappeared like a cloud that suddenly appears and then vanishes from the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This represents attacking Job forcefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they roll themselves in on me + +This represents many coming to attack him at once, like giant ocean waves rolling in on him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Terrors are turned upon me + +Possible meanings are 1) Job has become terrified or 2) things are happening to Job that make him afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my honor is driven away as if by the wind + +Job speaks of suddenly having no honor as if the wind had blown it from him. AT: "Nobody honors me" or "I am now a person that people do not honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# my prosperity passes away as a cloud + +Job speaks of his prosperity ending as if it were a cloud that was blown away. Here "prosperity" may refer to well-being or safety. AT: "I no longer prosper at all" or "I am no longer safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/16.md b/job/30/16.md index 1c9651d4c1..27fa17dcf9 100644 --- a/job/30/16.md +++ b/job/30/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Now my life is pouring out from within me ## +# Now my life is pouring out from within me -Job feels he is about to die (see UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Job speaks as if his life were a liquid and his body were a container. He feels he is about to die. AT: "Now I am dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the pains that gnaw at me take no rest ## +# many days of suffering have laid hold on me -Job speaks of his pain as if it is alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job speaks of his continuous suffering as if the days of suffering have grabbed hold of him. AT: "I suffer many days, and the suffering does not end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# my bones in me are pierced + +Job speaks of the pain in his bones as if his bones were being pierced. AT: "my bones ache terribly" or "I have sharp pain in my bones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the pains that gnaw at me take no rest + +Job speaks of his constant pain as if it were alive and biting him and refuses to rest. AT: "the pains that cause me to suffer do not stop" or "I am in constant pain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/18.md b/job/30/18.md index c285ca9553..bb984378d8 100644 --- a/job/30/18.md +++ b/job/30/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## He has thrown me into the mud ## +# God's great force has seized my clothing -Job says that God has humiliated him. +Job speaks of God using his force as if God's force were actually doing something. Here "God's ... force" stands for "God." AT: "God has seized my clothing by his great force" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I have become like dust and ashes ## +# God's great force has seized my clothing -Job says his personal value is now less than "dust and ashes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) \ No newline at end of file +The image of God's force seizing Job is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) it represents Job's pain. AT: "My pain feels like God has grabbed my clothing tightly" or 2) it represents God's causing Job's many problems. AT: "It is as though by his great force God has grabbed me by my clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it wraps around me like the collar of my tunic + +The image of God's force wrapping around Job is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) it represents Job's pain. AT: "he wraps the collar of my tunic tightly around me" or 2) it represents God's causing Job's many problems. AT: "It is as though he grabs me by the collar of my tunic" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He has thrown me into the mud + +Job says that God has humiliated him. AT: "It is as though he has thrown me in the mud" or "He has humiliated me, like a person thrown in the mud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have become like dust and ashes + +This represents Job's feeling of being worthless. AT: "I have become as worthless as dust and ashes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/20.md b/job/30/20.md index ec92365fba..fcb2de8424 100644 --- a/job/30/20.md +++ b/job/30/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## cruel ## +# cruel This word means unkind. -## with the power of your hand you persecute me ## +# with the strength of your hand you persecute me -The word "hand" represents God's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "hand" represents God's power. AT: "you persecute me with your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/22.md b/job/30/22.md index 4609230966..aeb2ed034b 100644 --- a/job/30/22.md +++ b/job/30/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## lift me up to the wind ... melt me in the storm ## +# Connecting Statement: -The words "wind" and "storm" refer to God's judgment. +Job continues speaking to God. -## the house destined for all living things ## +# lift me up to the wind ... throw me back and forth in a storm -The "house" represents the place where dead people go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +These expressions represent the extreme suffering that God made Job endure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cause it to drive me along + +"cause the wind to push me along" + +# you will bring me to death + +Here "bring me to death" represents causing Job to die. AT: "you will cause me to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the house destined for all living things + +Job speaks of death as if it were a house that all living things are destined to go to. AT: "which is what you have planned to happen to all living things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all living things + +That is, all things now alive, but that will die one day. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/24.md b/job/30/24.md index 5930d352aa..3648a3a7df 100644 --- a/job/30/24.md +++ b/job/30/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## does no one reach out ... does no one in trouble call out ... Did I not weep ... Did I not grieve ## +# Connecting Statement: -All of these questions can be put into the form of statements (see UDB). Job asks these questions, expecting affirmative ("yes") responses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Job continues speaking to God. -## I waited for light ... darkness came ## +# does no one reach out with his hand to beg for help when he falls? Does no one in trouble call out for help? -Here "light" represents God's blessing and favor and "darkness" represents trouble and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job uses these questions to justify himself for crying out to God for help. AT: "Everyone reaches out with his hand to beg for help when he falls. Everyone who is in trouble calls out for help." or "I have fallen, and so God should not think I am doing wrong when I beg for his help. I am in trouble, so of course I call out for help!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# does no one reach out with his hand to beg for help when he falls? Does no one in trouble call out for help? + +Some versions interpret these questions as Job complaining that God has reached out with his hand to harm Job when Job was in trouble and crying out for help. AT: "Surely no one would reach out with his hand against someone who falls and calls out for help." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Did not I weep ... trouble? Did I not grieve ... man? + +Job uses these questions to remind God of how Job had done good to others. A: "You know that I wept ... trouble, and I grieved ... man!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# When I looked for good, then evil came + +Looking for good represents hoping for good things, and evil coming represents evil things happening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I waited for light ... darkness came + +Here "light" represents God's blessing and favor and "darkness" represents trouble and suffering. AT: "I waited for the light of God's blessing, but instead I experienced the darkness of suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/27.md b/job/30/27.md index d3728d8fe3..284389a715 100644 --- a/job/30/27.md +++ b/job/30/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## My heart is troubled and does not rest ## +# My heart is troubled and does not rest -Job speaks of his heart as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Job speaks of his heart as if it were a person. AT: "I am troubled in my heart and the feeling does not end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## I go about with darkened skin, but not because of the sun ## +# days of affliction have come on me -Here Job refers to the darkness of his gloom and despair. AT: "I am always in gloom and darkness. I appeal to my companion-believers, but receive no help." +Days of affliction coming on Job represents Job experiencing affliction for many days. AT: "I experience affliction many days" or "I suffer every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## brother to jackals, companion to ostriches ## +# I have gone about -Job compares his calling out in misery to the cries of jackals and ostriches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "have gone about" represents living. AT: "I have lived" or "I live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like one who was living in the dark, but not because of the sun + +Here "living in the dark" is a metaphor that represents being extremely sad. The phrase "but not because of the sun" clarifies that "living in the dark" is a metaphor, that is, the darkness is not caused by the sun being hidden. AT: "like one who is terribly sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a brother to jackals, a companion of ostriches + +Being a brother to these animals is a metaphor for being like them. AT: "I am like jackals and ostriches that cry out in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/30.md b/job/30/30.md index b8776d48a9..8a4ef7c030 100644 --- a/job/30/30.md +++ b/job/30/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## my bones are burned with heat ## +# my bones are burned with heat Here "bones" refers to the whole body, which suffers from fever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## wail ## +# my harp is tuned for songs of mourning -A "wail" is a loud, long cry of sadness or pain. \ No newline at end of file +Here "my harp" represents Job himself, and also represents his desire to sing only songs of mourning. AT: "I play only songs of mourning on my harp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my flute for the singing of those who wail + +Here "my flute" represents Job himself, and also his desire to sing only songs of crying. AT: "I play only songs of wailing on my flute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wail + +To wail is to cry very loudly because of terrible sadness or pain. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/30/intro.md b/job/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d3c4e52e9f --- /dev/null +++ b/job/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Job 30 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh. + +In this chapter, Job laments his current condition as others insult him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/01.md b/job/31/01.md index a8049600de..550c7aa174 100644 --- a/job/31/01.md +++ b/job/31/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Job continue speaking. +# General Information: -## I have made a covenant with my eyes ## +Job continues speaking. -AT: "I have promised myself that I would not look with lust at a woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# I have made a covenant with my eyes -## how then should I look with desire on a virgin? ## +Job speaks of making a promise about what he would look at as though his eyes were a person and he made a covenant with them. AT: "I have made a firm promise about what I will look at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -Job uses a question to emphasize that he would never break his promise. AT: "So I certainly will not look with lust at a virgin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# I have made a covenant with my eyes -## For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high? ## +What job promised can be stated clearly. AT: "I made a promise that I will not look lustfully on a virgin" or "I promised that I will not look lustfully on a virgin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Both of these mean the same thing. Job uses a question to emphasize that God would not give him anything good if he sins and breaks his promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# how then should I look with desire on a virgin? + +Job uses this question to emphasize that he would never break his promise. AT: "So I certainly will not look with lust at a virgin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high? + +Job speaks of God's response to people's behavior as if it were the portion of an inheritance that God gives. AT: "For how will God above respond to me? What will the Almighty on high do?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high? + +Possible meanings are Job uses this question to emphasize 1) that God will not bless bad behavior. AT: "For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will not bless me." or 2) that God will punish bad behavior. AT: "For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will certainly punish me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/03.md b/job/31/03.md index 9b1749cd35..67b6361590 100644 --- a/job/31/03.md +++ b/job/31/03.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues speaking. -## Does not God see my ways and count all my steps? ## +# Does not God see my ways and count all my steps? -Here "my ways" and "my steps" refer to Job's behavior. Job uses a question for emphasis. AT: "Certainly God watches me and knows everything that I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "my ways" and "my steps" are metaphors for Job's behavior. Here "see my ways" and "count all my steps" are metaphors for knowing everything Job does. Job uses this question to emphasize that God does know all he does. AT: "Certainly God watches me and knows everything that I do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Does not God see my ways and count all my steps? + +Job may be implying that God should know that Job is righteous and does not deserve calamity and disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/05.md b/job/31/05.md index f15786183f..9d5c1b9b87 100644 --- a/job/31/05.md +++ b/job/31/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues speaking. -## If I have ## +# If I have In 31:5-40 Job describes different situations in which he would deserve God's punishment. But, he knows that they are not true and he is innocent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## walked with falsehood, if my foot has hurried to deceit ## +# walked with falsehood, if my foot has hurried to deceit -AT: "done anything false or purposely deceived anyone" +Here "walked" and "hurried" are metaphors that represent how Job lived. AT: "done anything false or purposely deceived anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## let me be weighed in an even balance ## +# let me be weighed in an even balance -People used balances to weigh items and to determine their value. AT: "Let God judge me honestly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +People used balances to weigh items and to determine their value. This image represents judging honestly. It can be stated in active form. AT: "let me be judged honestly" or "let God judge me honestly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/07.md b/job/31/07.md index 7b247c9a1e..e90cff89b0 100644 --- a/job/31/07.md +++ b/job/31/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## if my steps have turned from the right way ## +# If my step has turned out of the right way -AT: "if I have stopped doing what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "my step" is a metaphor for Job's behavior, and "turned out of the right way" is a metaphor for changing from living right. AT: "If I have changed from living right" or "If I have stopped doing what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## if my heart has walked after my eyes ## +# if my heart has gone after my eyes -AT: "if I have done any wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "my heart" and "my eyes" are metonyms for what Job desires and sees. The heart going after the eyes is a metaphor for desiring to do what he sees. It is implied that this refers to sinful things that Job sees. AT: "if I have have wanted to do any sinful things that I see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## if any spot of impurity has clung to my hands ## +# if any spot has defiled my hands -AT: "if I am guilty of any sin at all" +This is a metaphor for being guilty. AT: "if I am guilty of any sin at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## let the harvest be uprooted out of my field ## +# then let me sow and let another eat ... my field -AT: "let someone else come and take the harvest from my field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job is saying that if he really has sinned, then this bad thing should happen to him. He would do the hard work of sowing his fields, but he would not be able to eat any of it. + +# let the harvest be uprooted out of my field + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let someone else come and take the harvest from my field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/09.md b/job/31/09.md index d8cd3124c2..ee7acaa5a3 100644 --- a/job/31/09.md +++ b/job/31/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## If my heart has been attracted to another woman ## +# If my heart has been deceived by a woman -AT: "If I have desired another man's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "my heart" represents Job. Here the word "deceived" expresses the idea of "enticed." The word "woman" expresses the idea of "another man's wife." This can be stated in active form. AT: "If another man's wife has enticed me" or "If I have desired another man's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## if I have lain in wait at my neighbor’s door for his wife ## +# if I have lain in wait at my neighbor's door -"and I have waited for him to leave his house so I could sleep with her" +It can be stated clearly why he was waiting at his neighbor's door. AT: "if I have waited at my neighbor's door so I could sleep with his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## then let my wife grind grain for another man ## +# then let my wife grind grain for another -Possible meanings are 1) this is a way of saying another man will have sex with Job's wife (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) or 2) it means she will become a slave and work for another man. - -## and let other men crouch down on her ## - -This refers to other men having sex with Job's wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) this is an euphemism which means Job is saying may his wife sleep with another man or 2) it means she will become a slave and work for another man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/11.md b/job/31/11.md index e92bc3266b..88489cb987 100644 --- a/job/31/11.md +++ b/job/31/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## it would be a crime to be punished by the judges ## +# For that would be a terrible crime -AT: "it would be a crime for which the judges would be right to punish me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "that" refers to Job sleeping with another woman. -## For that is a fire that consumes everything for sheol and that would burn up all my harvest ## +# it would be a crime to be punished by judges -Job is emphasizing how terrible and destructive the sin of adultery is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it would be a crime for which judges would be right to punish me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For that is a fire that consumes everything for Sheol + +The word "that" refers to Job sleeping with another woman. + +# For that is a fire that consumes everything for Sheol and that would burn up all my harvest + +Job speaks of the harm that sleeping with another woman causes as if it were a fire that destroys everything. AT: "For adultery is like a fire that burns up everything for Sheol and that would burn up all my harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/13.md b/job/31/13.md index cf8275deae..ba7d90cf44 100644 --- a/job/31/13.md +++ b/job/31/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## what then would I do when God rises up to accuse me? When he comes to judge me, how would I answer him? ## +# what then would I do when God rises up to accuse me? When he comes to judge me, how would I answer him? -Job uses a question for emphasis. AT: "then there would absolutely nothing I could say to defend myself when God comes to judge me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Job uses these questions to emphasize that if God were to judge him, Job would not be able to make himself appear to be good. AT: "then there would be absolutely nothing I could say to defend myself when God comes to judge me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Did the one who made me in the womb not make them also? Did not the same one mold us all in the womb? ## +# Did the one who made me in the womb not make them also? Did not the same one mold us all in the womb? -AT: "God, who certainly made me in the same way he made them should judge me with the same sense of justice as he judges them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job uses these questions to emphasize that he is no different from his servants. He implies that God would be angry if Job were to treat his servants as less valuable than himself. AT: "The one who made me in the womb also made them. He formed us all in the womb." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/16.md b/job/31/16.md index 2fc16cc975..fe53a20ee9 100644 --- a/job/31/16.md +++ b/job/31/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +# General Information: -## I have caused the eyes of the widow to grow dim from crying ## +Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. He does not finish his sentence in verses 16 and 17. Instead he explains in verse 18 why they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -Here "to grow dim" refers to the widow having bad eyesight due to how much she cries. AT: "I have caused a widow to cry in great sadness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# If I have withheld poor people from their desire -## my morsel ## +"If I have kept poor people from getting what they desire" + +# if I have caused the eyes of the widow to grow dim from crying + +Here "to grow dim" refers to the widow having bad eyesight from crying a lot. AT: "if I have caused a widow to cry in great sadness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my morsel "my food" -## instead, from my youth the orphan grew up with me as with a father, and I have guided his mother, a widow, from my own mother’s womb ## +# because from my youth the orphan grew up with me as with a father -Job is describing how he truly treated the orphan and widow. AT: "actually, I have taken care of orphans and widows since I was very young" \ No newline at end of file +Here "the orphan" represents orphans in general. Job is describing how he truly treated orphans. AT: "because even when I was young I took care of orphans like a father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# because from my youth + +The phrase "But I have done none of those things" is understood from the context. AT: "But I have done none of those things, because from my youth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I have guided his mother, a widow, from my own mother's womb + +Job is describing how he truly treated widows. With the phrase "from my own mother's womb" he uses exaggeration to emphasize that he did this all his life. AT: "all my life I have guided the orphan's mother, a widow" or "all my life I have guided widows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/19.md b/job/31/19.md index 801c61a465..718820fc59 100644 --- a/job/31/19.md +++ b/job/31/19.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## if his heart has not blessed me ## +# if his heart has not blessed me -AT: "if he has not blessed me" or "if he has not thanked me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The phrase "his heart" represents the poor man who needs clothing. AT: "if he has not blessed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## because he has not been warmed with the wool of my sheep ## +# because he has not been warmed with the wool of my sheep -AT: "because he has certainly been warmed by woolen clothing I have given to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "the wool of my sheep" represents blankets or clothing made from the wool of Job's sheep. This can be stated in active form. AT: "because the wool of my sheep has not warmed him" or "because I have not given him clothing made from the wool of my sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I have lifted up my hand against ## +# if I have lifted up my hand against fatherless people -AT: "I have threatened to harm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Lifting up the hand against someone represents threatening to harm him. AT: "if I have threatened to harm fatherless people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in the city gate ## +# I saw my support in the city gate -This is where the important men of the city would gather to make decisions. \ No newline at end of file +Here "saw" is a metaphor for "knew," "support" is a metaphor for "approval," and "the city gate" is a metonym for the leaders who sit at the city gate. AT: "I knew that the leaders at the city gate would approve of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the city gate + +This is where the important men of the city would gather to make decisions. + +# then bring charges against me + +This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/22.md b/job/31/22.md index a3e0c6cea9..72cdded9dd 100644 --- a/job/31/22.md +++ b/job/31/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +# then let my shoulder fall from the shoulder blade, and let my arm be broken from its joint -## then let my shoulder fall from the shoulder blade, and let my arm be broken from its joint ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "then let someone tear off my shoulder from the shoulder blade and break my arm from its joint" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "then let someone tear off my shoulder and break my arm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# For I dreaded ... his majesty -## calamity ## - -something that happens which causes great harm \ No newline at end of file +This is the reason that Job did not do any of the wicked things he spoke of in verses 7 through 21. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/24.md b/job/31/24.md index ca8cde8656..db3c5a02ab 100644 --- a/job/31/24.md +++ b/job/31/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## if I have said to fine gold, ‘You are what I am confident in' ## +# If I have made gold my hope -"if I have said about fine gold, 'I trust in it more than anything else'" +The abstract noun "hope" can be translated with the verbs "trust" or "hope." AT: "If I trusted in gold" or "If I hoped that having a lot of gold would make me secure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## my hand had gotten many possessions ## +# if I have said to fine gold, 'You are what I am confident in' -AT: "I have gained many possessions by my own ability" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This line means the same as the previous line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# my hand had gotten many possessions + +Here "my hand" represents Job's ability to do things. AT: "I have gained many possessions by my own ability" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# then bring charges against me + +This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/26.md b/job/31/26.md index 968659a122..0a3202ae70 100644 --- a/job/31/26.md +++ b/job/31/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## the moon walking ## +# the moon walking -AT: "the moon moving across the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here "walking" represents moving slowly. AT: "the moon moving across the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## if my heart has been secretly attracted ## +# the moon walking in its brightness -AT: "if I have secretly desired to worship them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "brightness" can be expressed with the words "bright" or "brightly." AT: "the bright moon moving across the sky" or "the moon moving brightly across the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## my mouth has kissed my hand ## +# if my heart has been secretly attracted -This is a sign of love and devotion. +Here "my heart" represents Job. This phrase can be stated in active form. AT: "if I have been secretly attracted to them" or "if I have secretly desired to worship them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to be punished by the judges ## +# so that my mouth has kissed my hand -AT: "for which judges would be right to punish me" \ No newline at end of file +Here "my mouth" represents Job. This is a sign of love and devotion. AT: "so that I have kissed my hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# in worship of them + +"to worship the sun and moon" + +# to be punished by judges + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for which judges would be right to punish me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I would have denied the God who is above + +"I would have been unfaithful to the God who is above" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/29.md b/job/31/29.md index a3719af10a..fb1600ab68 100644 --- a/job/31/29.md +++ b/job/31/29.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## indeed, I have not suffered my mouth to sin by asking for his life with a curse ## +# at the destruction of anyone who hated me -Job is describing how he truly treated those who hated him. AT: "actually, I did not let myself sin by cursing his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated with the verb "destroy." AT: "when anyone who hated me was destroyed" or "when bad things happened to anyone who hated me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# when disaster overtook him + +"when he experienced disasters" + +# then bring charges against me + +This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence. + +# Indeed, I have not even allowed my mouth to sin + +Here "my mouth" represents Job speaking. AT: "Truly I did not let myself sin" or "Truly, I did not sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# by asking for his life with a curse + +Here "asking for his life with a curse" represents cursing someone's life so that he will die. AT: "by cursing him so that he would die" or "by cursing his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/31.md b/job/31/31.md index c722bfc2c0..ca1b4a79c3 100644 --- a/job/31/31.md +++ b/job/31/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## if the men of my tent have never said, ‘Who can find one who has not been filled with Job’s food? ## +# the men of my tent -AT: "if the men who work with me have said, 'Job will not give his food to anyone'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The tent represents Job's household. The men of his tent includes family members and servants. All of these knew Job well. AT: "the men of my household" or "my family members and servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the foreigner never had to stay in the city square; instead, I always opened my doors to the traveler ## +# Who can find one who has not been filled with Job's food? -Job is explaining how he truly treated foreigners. AT: "actually, travelers never had to sleep on the street. I always welcomed them into my house" \ No newline at end of file +Job's men would have used this question to emphasize that Job was generous to everyone. AT: "Everyone has been filled with Job's food!" or "Everyone we know of has eaten as much of Job's food as he wanted!"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# even the foreigner has never had to stay in the city square + +Job is explaining how he truly treated foreigners. Here "stay in the city square" represents sleeping overnight in the city square. AT: "foreigners have never had to sleep in the city square" or "foreigners have never had to sleep outside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have always opened my doors to the traveler + +Here "opened my doors to the traveler" represents welcoming the traveler into his home. AT: "I have always welcomed the traveler into my home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# and if that is not so, then bring charges against me + +This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/33.md b/job/31/33.md index 6d95680f78..528ed4e83d 100644 --- a/job/31/33.md +++ b/job/31/33.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## by hiding my guilt inside my tunic ## +# If ... I have hidden my sins -AT: "like a person hides things under his tunic" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "have hidden my sins" represents trying to keep people from knowing that he had sinned. AT: "If ... I have tried to keep my sins a secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## because I feared the great multitude, because the contempt of families terrified me ## +# by hiding my guilt inside my tunic -These mean the same thing. They emphasize that a person may hide his sin because he fears what other people may say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This represents trying to keep people from knowing that he is guilty. AT: "by hiding the evidence of my guilt inside my tunic" or "like one who hides the evidence of his guilt inside his tunic" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because I feared the great multitude, because the contempt of families terrified me + +This would be the reason for hiding his sins. These mean the same thing. They emphasize that a person may hide his sin because he fears what other people may think about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# then bring charges against me + +This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/35.md b/job/31/35.md index f60face417..cdce8d39bf 100644 --- a/job/31/35.md +++ b/job/31/35.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## here is my signature ## +# Oh, if only I had someone to hear me! -Job is describing his complaint to God as if he wrote it down in a legal document. He would write his name on it as a promise that everything in the document is true. +This exclamation expresses Job's wish. AT: "I wish I had someone to hear me" or "I wish that someone would listen to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## if only I had the indictment that my opponent has written ## +# here is my signature -"if only I could read my opponent's complaint against me" +Here "my signature" represents Job's promise that everything he is saying is true. He speaks of his complaint as if he had written a legal document. AT: "I solemnly promise that all I have said is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Surely I would carry it openly on my shoulder; I would put it on like a crown ## +# let the Almighty answer me! -This means if God would write down his complaints against Job, then Job would put the document where everyone could read it. +Here an answer probably refers to telling Job what wrong he accuses Job of doing. AT: "let the Almighty tell me what I have done wrong" or "I wish the Almighty would say what I have done wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## for my steps ## +# If only I had the indictment that my opponent has written! -This refers to Job's actions. +This expresses Job's wish. Job speaks as though his troubles are evidence that someone has written something accusing him of terrible sin. AT: "I wish I had the accusation that my opponent has written" or "If only I could read my opponent's complaint against me" -## as a confident prince ## +# my opponent -This means Job would approach God without any fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to God or 2) this refers to someone else. + +# Surely I would carry it openly on my shoulder; I would put it on like a crown + +This represents putting it where everyone could read it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I would declare to him an accounting for my steps + +Here "my steps" represents Job's actions. AT: "I would declare to him an accounting for all I have done" or "I would tell him everything I have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as a confident prince I would go up to him + +This means Job would approach God without any fear. Job implies that he could do this because he was not guilty. AT: "I would approach him boldly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/38.md b/job/31/38.md index b554c8137a..5a1e3209ed 100644 --- a/job/31/38.md +++ b/job/31/38.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + This concludes Job's description of situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## If my land ever cries out against me, and its furrows weep together ## +# If my land ever cries out against me, and its furrows weep together -Job describes the land as a person who cries because Job has stolen it from its proper owner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job speaks of being guilty as if his land were a person who cries out against Job because of the wrong Job has done to the land. AT: "If I have done wrong concerning my land" or "If I have stolen my land from someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# to lose their lives + +This represents dying. AT: "to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# weeds instead of barley + +The words "let" and "grow" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "let weeds grow instead of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/31/intro.md b/job/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..de254f9a0d --- /dev/null +++ b/job/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Job 31 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement and it is directly addressed to Yahweh. + +In this chapter, Job presents his case to Yahweh that he is upright and not guilty of the sins he is being accused of. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/upright]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/01.md b/job/32/01.md index 82d43c968c..92a4ea5d02 100644 --- a/job/32/01.md +++ b/job/32/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## in his own eyes ## +# he was righteous in his own eyes -AT: "in his own understanding" or "in his own opinion" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "he considered himself righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Then was kindled the anger of Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram; it was kindled against Job ## +# Then was kindled the anger of Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram; it was kindled against Job -This compares Elihu's anger to someone starting a fire. AT: "Then Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, became very angry with Job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This compares Elihu's anger to someone starting a fire. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "Then Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, became very angry with Job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Elihu...Barachel...Ram ## +# Elihu ... Barakel ... Ram These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Buzite ## +# Buzite -This is the name of a people-group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a people-group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he justified himself rather than God + +This means that he considered himself innocent and believed God had been wrong to punish him. AT: "he justified himself and claimed that God had been wrong to punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/03.md b/job/32/03.md index ef03a9e35a..b1a75fc081 100644 --- a/job/32/03.md +++ b/job/32/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Elihu's anger was also kindled against his three friends ## +# Elihu's anger was also kindled against his three friends -This compares Elihu's anger to someone starting a fire. AT: "Elihu also became very angry with his three friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This compares Elihu's anger to someone starting a fire. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Elihu also became very angry with his three friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. This tells background information about Elihu. (See: en:ta:vol2:translate:writing_background) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. This tells background information about Elihu. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## that there was no answer in the mouths of these three men ## +# that there was no answer in the mouths of these three men -AT: "that these three men had nothing else to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This means that the men were done speaking to Job. This speaks of the men possibly having an answer as if the answer were an object that would be in their mouths. AT: "that these three men had nothing else to say" or "that these three men had no more answers to give Job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his anger was kindled ## +# his anger was kindled -Again,this compares Elihu's anger to someone starting a fire. AT: "he became very angry" \ No newline at end of file +This compares Elihu's anger to someone starting a fire. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/06.md b/job/32/06.md index f105be6b95..7300723c55 100644 --- a/job/32/06.md +++ b/job/32/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## you are very old ## +# you are very old Here "you" is plural and refers to Job and his three friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## length of days should speak ## +# Length of days should speak; a multitude of years should teach wisdom -Elihu describes "days" and "years" as a person who can speak. AT: "Those who are older should speak their wisdom first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -## days...years ## - -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]] \ No newline at end of file +These two lines mean the same thing. Elihu emphasizes that since older people are wiser than younger people, they should be the first to speak of what they know. AT: "He who has lived many years should speak; He would is older should teach wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/08.md b/job/32/08.md index 301f6607e3..65ac784b68 100644 --- a/job/32/08.md +++ b/job/32/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking to Job and his friends. -## a spirit...the breath of the Almighty ## +# there is a spirit in a man; the breath of the Almighty -Both phrases mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that a man's wisdom comes from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both phrases mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that a man's wisdom comes from God. AT: "there is a spirit in a man, that is, the breath of the Almighty that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the breath of the Almighty + +Here the spirit is represented by "breath." AT: "the spirit of the Almighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/11.md b/job/32/11.md index fb33aa715f..3518ad712d 100644 --- a/job/32/11.md +++ b/job/32/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## I waited for your words ## +# See -Elihu is speaking to Job's friends. AT: "I waited to hear what you would say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elihu uses this word here to draw the mens' attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" + +# I waited for your words + +"I waited to hear what you would say." The word "your" refers to Job's friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# who could respond to his words + +Here the word "respond" does not just mean to answer, but to answer with a helpful response. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/13.md b/job/32/13.md index 01f765ad10..16b5aa9533 100644 --- a/job/32/13.md +++ b/job/32/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking to Job's friends. -## We have found wisdom ## +# We have found wisdom -"we are the wise ones" +This means that they believe that they have figured out what is wise. AT: "We have discovered what is wise" -## to defeat Job ## +# to defeat Job -"to convince Job" or "to answer Job" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of God responding to Job and correcting him as if he were defeating him in battle. AT: "to refute Job" or "to answer Job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with your words + +"by saying what you have said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/15.md b/job/32/15.md index 3326ef79b5..434f915653 100644 --- a/job/32/15.md +++ b/job/32/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking. -## dumbfounded ## +# dumbfounded -"speechless" +"very upset" -## they have not a word more to say ## +# Should I wait because they are not speaking, because they stand there silent and answer no more? -This means the same as the previous two parts of the sentence. Elihu emphasizes that Job's friends have nothing left to say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## Should I wait because they are not speaking, because they stand there silent and answer no more? ## - -Elihu uses a question to emphasize that he will not wait any longer to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elihu uses a question to emphasize that he will not wait any longer to speak. Elihu answers this question himself in the next verse. AT: But because you do not speak, I certainly will not wait any longer; you merely stand there and do not reply anymore. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/17.md b/job/32/17.md index c046ee287a..eef1c8bf3a 100644 --- a/job/32/17.md +++ b/job/32/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking using parallelisms. -## I am full of words ## +# I also will answer on my part -"I have so much to say" +"I will now take my turn to answer" -## the spirit in me compels me ## +# I am full of words -AT: "I must speak right now" +Elihu speaks of having a lot to say as being full of words. AT: "I have so much to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my breast is like fermenting wine that has no vent; like new wineskins, it is ready to burst ## +# the spirit in me compels me -While wine is fermenting, gas collects in the container. If the gas is not let out the container will burst. Elihu means that he has so much to say that if he does not speak he feels like he will burst. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +"my spirit forces me to say it" + +# my breast is like fermenting wine that has no vent; like new wineskins, it is ready to burst + +While wine is fermenting, gas collects in the container. If the gas is not let out the container will burst. Elihu means that he has so much to say that if he does not speak he feels like he will burst. Also, these two phrases are parallel and have the same meaning. AT: "I feel like my breast is about to burst, like a container of fermenting wine that has no vent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# my breast is + +This represents Elihu, specifically his spirit. AT: "my spirit is" or "I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/20.md b/job/32/20.md index c920fa3548..d2389c693b 100644 --- a/job/32/20.md +++ b/job/32/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking using parallelisms for emphasis. -## I may be refreshed ## +# I may be refreshed -AT: "I may feel better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I may feel better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## open my lips ## +# open my lips -AT: "open my mouth" or "speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the "lips" represent the mouth. AT: "open my mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## neither will I give honorific titles to any man ## +# neither will I give honorific titles to any man "neither will I praise any man or give him titles of honor" -## my Maker ## +# my Maker -"God who made me" \ No newline at end of file +This is a name referring to God. AT: "God who made me." + +# take me away + +This means that he would destroy him. AT: "destroy me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/32/intro.md b/job/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4c4dc9319f --- /dev/null +++ b/job/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Job 32 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Job's friends give up on trying to convince him that he is being punished for sinning. This chapter introduces Elihu who was a witness to these interactions between Job and his friends. According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the first of Elihu's four statements. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 32:6-22, which is an extended quotation. This quotation continues through the next chapter. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/01.md b/job/33/01.md index c178a51ad1..87ed237b60 100644 --- a/job/33/01.md +++ b/job/33/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Elihu continue speaking. +# General Information: -## hear my speech, listen to my words ## +Elihu continues speaking. -These mean the same thing. Elihu emphasizing that Job must listen carefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +# hear my speech; listen to all my words -## I have opened my mouth; my tongue has spoken in my mouth ## +These two phrases mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that Job must listen carefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -These mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that he is now ready to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# I have opened my mouth ... my tongue has spoken in my mouth -## My words will speak the uprightness of my heart ## +These mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that he is now ready to speak. His "tongue" speaking represents himself speaking. AT: "I have opened my mouth and I have begun to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "I will speak with complete honesty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# My words come from the uprightness of my heart -## what my lips know, they will speak sincerely ## +Here Elihu refers to himself by his "heart" as he speaks of being upright. AT: "I will speak with uprightness" or "I will speak with complete honesty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "I will speak sincerely to you the things I know" See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# my lips speak pure knowledge + +Here Elihu refers to himself by his "lips" to emphasize his speech. AT: "I will speak sincerely to you the things I know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/04.md b/job/33/04.md index 23d2b66b04..dc51c41849 100644 --- a/job/33/04.md +++ b/job/33/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## The Spirit of God...the breath of the Almighty ## +# The Spirit of God ... has given me life -These mean the same thing. They emphasize that God is the one who gives power to Elhu to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two lines mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that God has made him and so gives authority to what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## set your words in order before me and stand up ## +# set your words in order before me and stand up -"prepare what you will say and answer me" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of Job preparing what he will say as if he were setting up and organizing physical objects. AT: "prepare what you will say, and stand up and answer me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/06.md b/job/33/06.md index e074de39dc..93721a3333 100644 --- a/job/33/06.md +++ b/job/33/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## I also have been formed out of the clay ## +# See -AT: "God has also made me out the clay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Elihu uses this word here to draw Job's attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" -## neither will my pressure be heavy upon you ## +# I am just as you are in God's sight -AT: "I will not oppress you with what I say" or "I will speak gently to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "I am just as you are in God's judgment" or "God judges me the same way that he judges you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I also have been formed out of the clay + +Though people are not made out of clay, God has made everyone as a potter carefully makes things out of clay. AT: "God has made both of us just as a potter forms things from clay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I also have been formed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has also made me" or "God has formed both of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# terror of me will not make you afraid + +"you do not need to be afraid of me" + +# neither will my pressure be heavy upon you + +This means that he will not hinder Job or burden him. He speaks of emotional burden here as if it were a heavy physical burden. AT: "neither will I burden you" or "I will not oppress you with what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/08.md b/job/33/08.md index 39c36bae8a..d43d6ceac9 100644 --- a/job/33/08.md +++ b/job/33/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## I have heard the sound of your words saying ## +# in my hearing -AT: "I have heard you say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"where I could hear you" -## I am clean and without transgression; I am innocent, and there is no sin in me ## +# I have heard the sound of your words saying -All of these statements mean the same thing. AT: "I am completely innocent of any wrong doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I have heard you say" + +# clean + +A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is no sin in me + +"I have not sinned" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/10.md b/job/33/10.md index cc0524d5d5..02fb0c4e80 100644 --- a/job/33/10.md +++ b/job/33/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues quoting what he heard Job say. -## puts my feet in the stocks ## +# See -"Stocks" are wooden blocks a jailer puts around a prisoner's feet to restrict his movement. AT: "I feel like God's prisoner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The speaker uses this word here to draw attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" -## my paths ## +# He puts my feet in stocks -This refers to Job's actions. +"Stocks" are wooden blocks a jailer puts around a prisoner's feet to restrict his movement. Job speaks of feeling like he is a prisoner by saying that he is in stocks. AT: "I feel he has made me a prisoner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will answer you ## +# my paths + +These words refer to where he goes. Here where he goes represents what he does. AT: "everything that I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will answer you Elihu is speaking to Job. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/13.md b/job/33/13.md index 545a32c1cf..c2ed162c02 100644 --- a/job/33/13.md +++ b/job/33/13.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## Why do you struggle against him? ## +# Why do you struggle against him? -AT: "You should not even try to argue with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Elihu uses this question to emphasize that Job should not struggle against God. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not struggle against God." or "You should not try to argue with God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## He does not account for any of his doings ## +# He does not account for any of his doings "He does not have to explain to us anything he does" -## God speaks once—yes, twice ## +# God speaks once—yes, twice -AT: "God speak again and again in different ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "God speaks again and again in different ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## a dream, in a vision of the night ## +# a dream ... a vision of the night -These mean the same thing. AT: "a dream, which is a vision in the night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## when deep sleep falls upon men, in slumber on the bed ## +# when deep sleep falls upon men, in slumber on the bed -AT: "when people are fully asleep on their bed" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of people being in a deep sleep as if the sleep fell upon them or overcame them. AT: "when people are fully asleep on their bed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/16.md b/job/33/16.md index 90cc17c292..8c7885c944 100644 --- a/job/33/16.md +++ b/job/33/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Elihu continue speaking to Job. +# General Information: -## then God opens the ears of men ## +Elihu continues speaking to Job. -AT: "then God reveals things to people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# then God opens the ears of men -## God keeps man's life back from the pit, his life from crossing over to death ## +This speaks of God making people aware of things as if he were opening their ears so that they could hear. AT: "then God reveals things to people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Both of these statements mean the same thing. AT: "God saves people from the grave and from death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# in order to pull man back from + +This speaks of God keeping someone from doing something as if he were physically pulling him away from harm. AT: "in order to keep him from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God keeps man's life back from the pit ... his life from crossing over to death + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. AT: "God saves people from the grave and from death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the pit + +The place where people go when they die is referred to here as "the pit." AT: "the place where dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# man's life back ... his life + +This is an idiom. AT: "man from dying and ... he keeps him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# from crossing over to death + +Here "death" represents the place where people go when they die, that is, sheol. AT: "from going to sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/19.md b/job/33/19.md index 3711e7579a..63bb4d5644 100644 --- a/job/33/19.md +++ b/job/33/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## Man is punished also ## +# Man is punished also -AT: "God also punishes a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God also punishes a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## his life...his soul ## +# with pain on his bed -Both of these refer to the person. AT: "he...he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This means that the person is experiencing such pain that he must lie in bed. AT: "with pain so that he must lie in bed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## abhors delicacies ## +# so that his life abhors food, and his soul abhors delicacies -"hates even his favorite food" \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing, that the person is in so much pain that he cannot even eat. The person is represented by his "life" and his "soul." AT: "the result is that he does not desire any food, not even very special food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# abhors delicacies + +"hates even very special food" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/21.md b/job/33/21.md index 417a6dff99..6b0fa14e9a 100644 --- a/job/33/21.md +++ b/job/33/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## His flesh is consumed away so that it cannot be seen; his bones, once not seen, now stick out ## +# His flesh is consumed away so that it cannot be seen; his bones, once not seen, now stick out -AT: "Disease makes his body weak and thin so that a person can see his bones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. "His flesh" refers to his fat and muscles, not to his body's outer skin. AT: "Disease makes his body weak and thin so that a person can see his bones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## his soul draws close to the pit ## +# his soul draws close to the pit -AT: "he is close to going into the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here a person is represented by his "soul." AT: "he is close to going into the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## his life to the those who wish to destroy it ## +# the pit -The phrase "those who wish to destroy it" may refer to the people who are already in the place where dead people go. It may also refer to the angel of death that comes and causes the person to die. AT: "he is close to dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The place where people go when they die is referred to here as "the pit." AT: "the place where dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his life to those who wish to destroy it + +Here the person is represented by his "life." The phrase "those who wish to destroy it" refers to the place where people go after they die. AT: "and he is close to going to the place where dead people go" or "and he will soon go to the place of the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/23.md b/job/33/23.md index 034801289c..a0334875fe 100644 --- a/job/33/23.md +++ b/job/33/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## for him ## +# for him This does not refer to a specific person. Elihu continues speaking about any person in general. -## one from among the thousands of angels ## +# from among the thousands of angels -"one from the great number of angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +In some languages it may be more natural to refer to a "great number" instead of "thousands." AT: "from the great number of angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the pit + +The place where people go when they die is referred to here as "the pit." AT: "the place where dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have found a ransom for him + +This means that the angel has found a way to pay for the sins of the man so that he does not have to die. AT: "for I have found a way for you to keep him from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/25.md b/job/33/25.md index f27d4a72da..93a21ed9fc 100644 --- a/job/33/25.md +++ b/job/33/25.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## then ## +# then -"as a result of the angel's request to God" +The word "then" is used here to mark what will happen if God grants the angel's request. AT: "then as a result" or "as a result of the angel's request to God" -## his flesh will become fresher than a child’s ## +# his flesh will become fresher than a child's -AT: "the sick man's body will become new again like a young person's body" +This speaks of the man being healed and his body growing strong again as if his body became new like a child's body. AT: "the sick man's body will become new again like a young person's body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## he will return to the days of his youthful strength ## +# fresher than a child's -"he will become strong again" +In this comparison, the word "fresher" is an exaggeration. AT: "fresh like a child's" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## he sees God’s face with joy ## +# a child's -"he joyfully worships God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This refers to a child's flesh. AT: "a child's flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## God will give the person his triumph ## +# he will return to the days of his youthful strength -"God will save the person" or "God will make things right for the person." This could also mean that the person announce to others how God saved him. \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the man being strong again like when he was young as if he was in fact actually young again. AT: "he will become strong again, like when he was young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he sees God's face with joy + +This is an idiom. AT: "he joyfully worships God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# God's face + +Here God is represented by his "face." AT: "God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# God will give the person his triumph + +"God will save the person" or "God will make things right for the person again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/27.md b/job/33/27.md index 066cc8856c..549c882552 100644 --- a/job/33/27.md +++ b/job/33/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## I sinned and perverted that which was right ## +# but my sin was not punished -The words "sinned" and "perverted" mean basically the same thing. AT: "I sinned and did evil instead of doing what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but God did not punish me for sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## but my sin was not punished ## +# rescued my soul from going down into the pit -AT: "but God did not punish me for sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here the person is referred to by his "soul." AT: "rescued me from dying and going to the pit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## rescued my soul ## +# the pit -AT: "rescued me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The place where people go when they die is referred to here as "the pit." AT: "the place where dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my life will continue to see light ## +# my life will continue to see light -He will see the light of life instead of the darkness he would see in death. AT: "I will continue to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the person is represented by his "life." Also, living is spoken of as seeing the light. AT: "I will continue to live and see the daylight" or "I will continue to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/29.md b/job/33/29.md index 362aca1637..05e687e459 100644 --- a/job/33/29.md +++ b/job/33/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## twice, yes, even three times ## +# See -AT: "again and again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Elihu uses this word here to draw Job's attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen" -## his soul ## +# twice, yes, even three times -AT: "him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "again and again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he may be enlightened with the light of life ## +# his soul -AT: "he may be happy to still be alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The person is represented by his "soul." AT: "him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to bring his soul back from the pit + +This speaks of saving the man from dying as if he had died and was being brought back to life. AT: "to keep him from dying and going to the pit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the pit + +The place where people go when they die is referred to here as "the pit." AT: "the place where dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he may be enlightened with the light of life + +This is an idiom and may be stated in active form. AT: "he may be happy to still be alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/31.md b/job/33/31.md index 9ee037cd03..2b13cfaaa4 100644 --- a/job/33/31.md +++ b/job/33/31.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking to Job. -## pay attention, Job, listen to me ## +# Pay attention, Job, and listen to me -These phrases mean the same thing. AT: "Listen carefully to me, Job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These phrases mean the same thing. AT: "Listen carefully to me, Job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# that you are in the right + +This is an idiom. AT: "that you are innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/33/intro.md b/job/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c136db04c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Job 33 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the first of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. This quotation is a continuation of the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's mercy ##### +While Job has been complaining about the lack of justice and response from Yahweh, Elihu shows Job that Yahweh has shown him great mercy along the way. He is still alive because of Yahweh's mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/01.md b/job/34/01.md index 548929292f..36021bda0a 100644 --- a/job/34/01.md +++ b/job/34/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Elihu ## +# Moreover, Elihu -See how you translated this [Job 32:1](../32/01.md). +"Then, Elihu" -## Listen to my words ## +# Elihu -AT: "Listen to what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [Job 32:2](../32/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## you wise men...you who have knowledge ## +# Listen to my words + +"Listen to what I say" + +# you wise men ... you who have knowledge Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not think they are actually wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## For the ear tries words as the palate tastes food ## +# For the ear tries words as the palate tastes food -Elihu means people listen carefully to determine what is right or wrong just like we taste food to determine if it is good or bad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elihu means people listen carefully to determine what is right or wrong just like we taste food to determine if it is good or bad. Here people are referred to by their "ear" and their "palate" to emphasize that they are tasting and hearing. AT: "For we listen to words to know what is good and bad, just as we taste foods to know what is good to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/04.md b/job/34/04.md index bfe4bdddc0..c1c29f14b3 100644 --- a/job/34/04.md +++ b/job/34/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking. -## Let us ## +# Let us Here "us" refers to Elihu, Job, and his three friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## has taken away my rights ## +# has taken away my rights "refused to give me justice" -## I am considered to be a liar ## +# I am considered to be a liar -AT: "my friends think I am a liar." This could possibly mean: "God is not telling the truth about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God considers me to be a liar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## My wound is incurable ## +# My wound is incurable -AT: "I am sick and no one can heal me" \ No newline at end of file +Here Job's sickness and suffering is spoken of as if it were a "wound." AT: "I am sick and no one can heal me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/07.md b/job/34/07.md index dc70c778de..f7cf5113fd 100644 --- a/job/34/07.md +++ b/job/34/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking. -## What man is like Job ## +# What man is like Job -Elihu uses a question to scold Job. AT: "There is no one else like Job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Elihu uses this rhetorical question to scold Job. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "There is no one else like Job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## who drinks up mockery like water ## +# who drinks up mockery like water -Elihu is accusing Job of enjoying mocking other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Elihu is accusing Job of mocking others as often as a person drinks water. AT: "who mocks other people as frequently as he drinks water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## who walks with wicked men ## +# who walks with wicked men -AT: "who behaves like wicked men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "walk" is an idiom for how a person acts. AT: "who behaves like wicked men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/10.md b/job/34/10.md index 678b661d35..2660f80a24 100644 --- a/job/34/10.md +++ b/job/34/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Elihu continues speaking. +# General Information: -## you men of understanding ## +Elihu continues speaking. Each of these verses contain parallel phrases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# you men of understanding Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not actually think they are wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## far be it from the Almighty that he should commit sin ## +# far be it from God ... far be it from the Almighty that he should commit sin -This means the same as the previous part of the sentence. Elihu emphasizes that God always does what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that God would never do anything wrong. The phrase "far be it from" is an idiom. AT: "Almighty God would never consider doing anything that is wicked or wrong!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he makes every man come upon the reward of his own ways ## +# For he pays back a person's work -This means the same as the previous part of the sentence. Elihu emphasizes that God gives to people what they deserve. +This means that he gives to a person what he deserves for the work he has done. Here "work" is a metaphor for what a person does. AT: "For he gives to a person what he deserves in return for he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## nor does the Almighty ever pervert justice ## +# he makes every man come upon the reward of his own ways -This means the same as the previous part of the sentence. Elihu again emphasizes that God always does what is right. \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "his own ways" is an idiom for how a person lives his life. Elihu emphasizes that God gives to people what they deserve. AT: "he causes every man to receive the reward he deserves for how he lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/13.md b/job/34/13.md index 0d9e59f272..25eb817328 100644 --- a/job/34/13.md +++ b/job/34/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking. -## Who put him in charge over the earth? Who put the whole world under him? ## +# Who put him in charge over the earth? Who put the whole world under him? -Both of these mean the same thing. AT: "No one was needed to give permission to God to take responsibility over all the earth. He is the rightful one to rule the world." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Both of these rhetorical questions have the same meaning and emphasize that no one needed to grant God authority because it was already his. These questions can be written as statements. AT: "No one needed to give permission to God to take responsibility over all the earth. He is the rightful one to rule the world." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## If he ever ## +# If he ever Elihu is describing a situation that he does not believe would ever happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## his spirit and his breath ## +# his spirit and his breath -his spirit and his breath AT: "his spirit and breath which gives us life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The "spirit" and "breath" of God are what makes all living things alive. AT: "his spirit and breath which give us life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## all flesh ## +# all flesh -AT: "all living things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here all living things are represented by their "flesh." AT: "all living things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# mankind would return to dust again + +This means that all people would die and their bodies would decay and become soil. In the beginning God created man from the dust. AT: "the bodies of mankind would soon become soil again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/16.md b/job/34/16.md index 82cf7e3b3e..c523a5dbc1 100644 --- a/job/34/16.md +++ b/job/34/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking. -## now ## +# now Elihu uses this word to bring attention to something important he is about to say. -## you have ## +# you have Here "you" is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## listen to the sound of my words ## +# listen to the sound of my words -This means the same as the previous part of the sentence. AT: "listen to what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"listen to what I say." This means the same as the previous part of the sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Can one who hates justice govern? Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty? ## +# Can one who hates justice govern? Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty? -AT: "One who hates justice cannot be expected to rule over people. So you really cannot criticize God, who is righteous and powerful, and you cannot say that what he has done is wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elihu uses this question to rebuke Job for implying that God hates justice. AT: "One who hates justice cannot be expected to rule over people. So you really cannot criticize God, who is righteous and powerful, and you cannot say that what he has done is wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Can one who hates justice govern? + +The implicit answer to this rhetorical question is "no." This question implies that God could not rule the world if he hated justice. This can be written as a statement. AT: "One who hates justice cannot govern the world." or "God could certainly never hate what is right and still rule the world." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty? + +This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that Job does not have the authority or a reason to condemn God. AT: "You cannot condemn God, who is righteous and mighty!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/18.md b/job/34/18.md index 1b27b0b19b..a68c1d6833 100644 --- a/job/34/18.md +++ b/job/34/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking. -## God, who says to a king, ‘You are vile,’or says to nobles, ‘You are wicked? ## +# God, who says to a king, 'You are vile,' or says to nobles, 'You are wicked'? -This continues the question from the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This continues the rhetorical question from the previous verse, emphasizing to Job that he cannot condemn God. This can be written as a statement. AT: "He says to some kings, 'You are vile,' and he says to some nobles, 'You are wicked.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## vile ## +# God, who says to a king -"evil" or "worthless" (UDB) +This is part of the previous question. The understood words from the previous verse, "will you condemn God," may be supplied. AT: "Will you condemn God, who says to a king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## for they all are the work of his hands ## +# vile + +"evil" or "worthless" + +# for they all are the work of his hands Here "hands" refer to power. AT: "for God made them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## at midnight the people will be shaken and will pass away ## +# at midnight -"Midnight" is the time when one day ends and another begins. AT: "when a person's time is over, God strikes him and he dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Midnight is the time when one day ends and another begins. Here "midnight" is used as an idiom. AT: "at night" or "suddenly, at night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the mighty will be taken away, but not by human hands ## +# people will be shaken and will pass away -AT: "it is God and not humans who causes important people to die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. The phrase "will be shaken" is an idiom that means to be "struck." AT: "God strikes them and they die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# mighty people will be taken away, but not by human hands + +This means that it is God who causes people to die, not people. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "it is God and not humans who cause mighty people to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# not by human hands + +Here people are represented by their "hands." AT: "not by humans" or "not by people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/21.md b/job/34/21.md index b926e5ffae..290e6e8277 100644 --- a/job/34/21.md +++ b/job/34/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## For God’s eyes are upon a person’s ways ## +# For God's eyes are upon a person's ways -AT: "For God watches everything a person does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +God's "eyes" represent his sight. The phrase "a person's ways" is an idiom for what he does and how he lives. AT: "For God watches everything a person does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he sees all his steps ## +# he sees all his steps -"he sees him wherever he goes" +This means that he always knows where the person is and where he is going. AT: "he sees him wherever he goes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## darkness...thick gloom ## +# no darkness, no thick gloom -These mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "thick gloom" mean basically the same thing as, and intensify, the word "darkness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# in judgment + +"so he may judge him" or "to be judged" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/24.md b/job/34/24.md index 5dbbf62338..10b781faf2 100644 --- a/job/34/24.md +++ b/job/34/24.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking. -## He breaks mighty men into pieces ## +# He breaks mighty men into pieces -AT: "He destroys rulers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This speaks of God destroying these men as if he actually broke their bodies into pieces. AT: "He destroys mighty men" or "He destroys important people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## for their ways that need no further investigation ## +# for their ways that need no further investigation -"because he already knows what they have done" +He does not need to investigate what they have done because he already knows everything about them. AT: "without needing to do further investigation, because he already knows their ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he puts others in their places ## +# their ways -"and he chooses other people to rule in their places" +This is an idiom. AT: "the things they have done" -## in the night ## +# he puts others in their places -AT: "when they are not expecting it" \ No newline at end of file +This means that he appoints other people to rule in their positions. AT: "and he chooses other people to rule in their places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the night + +This is an idiom. AT: "when they are not expecting it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they are destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and destroys them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/26.md b/job/34/26.md index f3a54471c6..00a2f0da41 100644 --- a/job/34/26.md +++ b/job/34/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking. -## In the open sight of others ## +# In the open sight of others, he kills them for their wicked deeds like criminals -"In a place where everyone can see" +This phrase compares the way that these people die to how criminals die. AT: "He kills them for their wicked deeds, in the open sight of others as if they were criminals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## they turned away from following him ## +# In the open sight of others -AT: "they would not obey him" +This is an idiom. AT: "In a place where everyone can see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## his ways ## +# he kills them + +This speaks of God causing these people to die, though he does not actually strike them with a sword himself. He may cause someone else to kill them or disaster to come upon them. AT: "he causes them to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his ways This refers to God's instructions for how people should behave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## they made the cry of the poor come to him ## +# they made the cry of poor people come to him -"they made the poor people cry, and God heard them" \ No newline at end of file +The word "cry" can be expressed as a verb. This speaks of God hearing their cry as if the cry were a person that came to him. AT: "they made the poor people cry, and God heard them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/29.md b/job/34/29.md index 596141b004..7be57bbc80 100644 --- a/job/34/29.md +++ b/job/34/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking. -## When he stays silent, who can condemn him? ## +# When he stays silent, who can condemn him? If he hides his face, who can perceive him? -Elihu uses a question to teach Job. AT: "No one can criticize God if he decides to remain silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These two questions speak of God not punishing wicked people as if he were being silent and hiding his face. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## If he hides his face, who can perceive him? ## +# When he stays silent, who can condemn him? -Elihu uses another question for the same reason. AT: "No one can go and see him if he decides to hide himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Elihu uses this rhetorical question to teach Job. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can criticize God if he decides to remain silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## no one to entrap the people ## +# If he hides his face, who can perceive him? -This compares a godless ruler to a hunter who traps his prey. AT: "no one to harm the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elihu uses this rhetorical question to teach Job. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can go and see him if he decides to hide his face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# his face + +Here God is represented by his "face." AT: "himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# no one to entrap people + +This compares a godless ruler harming people as if he were a hunter trapping his prey. AT: "no one to harm the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/31.md b/job/34/31.md index 3ae417cc8b..399f142543 100644 --- a/job/34/31.md +++ b/job/34/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking. -## teach me what I cannot see ## +# teach me what I cannot see -AT: "teach me what I have done wrong and did not even know it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here to "see" means to know. AT: "teach me what I have done wrong that I am not aware of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Do you think that God will punish that person’s sin, since you dislike what God does? ## +# Do you think that God will punish that person's sin, since you dislike what God does? -Elihu uses a question for emphasis. AT: "Even though you do not like what God does, surely even you do not think that God will punish this person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Since you dislike what God does, do you think that God should punish this person's sin?" Elihu uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he should not think that God will not punish this man. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Even though you do not like what God does, surely even you do not think that God will punish this person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# that person's sin + +Here punishing the person because of his sin is referred to as punishing the "person's sin." AT: "that person because of his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# since you dislike + +"because you dislike" + +# what it is that you know + +"what you are thinking about this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/34.md b/job/34/34.md index 862fbfb240..16b6317f7f 100644 --- a/job/34/34.md +++ b/job/34/34.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Elihu continues speaking. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Elihu continues speaking. + +# who hears me + +"who hears me speaking" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/36.md b/job/34/36.md index 1bdf021f3b..e3cc519322 100644 --- a/job/34/36.md +++ b/job/34/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## If only Job were put on trial in the smallest details of his case ## +# If only Job were put on trial in -AT: "If only we could take Job to court so a judge could listen to all of Job's complaints" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If only we could put Job on trial in" or "If only we could take Job to court so a judge could listen to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he claps his hands in mockery in our midst ## +# in the smallest details of his case -AT: "he mocks God right in front of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "to listen to his case thoroughly" or "to hear all of the details of his case" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he piles up words against God ## +# of his talking like wicked men -AT: "he keeps on saying bad things about God" \ No newline at end of file +"of how he has spoken like a wicked man" + +# he adds rebellion + +This refers to rebellion against God. AT: "he adds rebellion against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he claps his hands in mockery in our midst + +In this accusation, this means that Job clapped his hands to strengthen his mockery of God. AT: "he claps his hands as he mocks God in our midst" or "he mocks God right in front of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# he piles up words against God + +Elihu speaks of "words" as if they were objects, and of speaking many words as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. AT: "he speaks many words against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/34/intro.md b/job/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..00e8daf993 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Job 34 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the second of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. Elihu uses many of Job's statements against him. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's justice ##### +Elihu defends the justice of Yahweh after Job claimed that Yahweh was being unjust. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unjust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/35/01.md b/job/35/01.md index 3d56a1d3e8..2c10eef8b1 100644 --- a/job/35/01.md +++ b/job/35/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Do you think you are innocent? Do you think, ‘I am more righteous than God? ## +# Do you think this is just ... 'My right before God'? -Elihu uses questions to challenge Job. AT: "You must think you are innocent and more righteous than God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Elihu uses questions to challenge Job. AT: "You must think you are right ... 'My right before God.'" or "It is not just ... 'My right before God.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do you think ## +# Do you think this is just when you say + +"Do you think it is right for you to say" + +# Do you think Here "you" is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## For you say, ‘What use is it to me that I am righteous? What good is it to me now, more than if I had sinned? ## +# My right before God -AT: "For you say that it does not matter that you are righteous. It is no more benefit to you than if you had sinned." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Job is claiming to be innocent before God or 2) Job is claiming that he, rather than God, is right. + +# For you ask, 'What use is it to me?' and, 'Would I be better off if I had sinned?' + +Elihu quotes Job as saying the these two rhetorical questions. AT: "For you say, 'It does not benefit me' and, 'I am no better off than if I had sinned.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/35/04.md b/job/35/04.md index 9acd6d559a..718ca53c0e 100644 --- a/job/35/04.md +++ b/job/35/04.md @@ -1,2 +1,3 @@ -Elihu continues speaking. -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Elihu continues speaking. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/35/06.md b/job/35/06.md index 142610b264..5398b9101b 100644 --- a/job/35/06.md +++ b/job/35/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Elihu continues speaking. -## If you have sinned, what harm do you do to God? ## +# If you have sinned ... what do you do to him? -AT: "All of your many sins cannot harm the person or character of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These two lines share similar meanings. The second line intensifies the meaning of the first line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## If your transgressions pile up high, what do you do to him? ## +# If you have sinned, what harm do you do to God? -AT: "Though you sin continually and with huge results, your sins have no effect on him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job's sins cannot actually do anything to God. AT: "If you have sinned, you have not done any harm to God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## If you are righteous, what can you give to him? What will he receive from your hand? ## +# If your transgressions pile up high, what do you do to him? -AT: "Or if your behavior is perfect, you still have no effect on God. He is already perfect; you cannot improve God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Elihu speaks of "transgressions" as if they were objects, and of committing many transgressions as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. He asks this question to emphasize that Job does nothing to God by his transgressions. AT: "If you committed a great many transgressions, you still do nothing to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## from your hand ## +# If you are righteous, what can you give to him? What will he receive from your hand? -AT: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The two rhetorical questions mean basically the same thing, that Job's righteousness adds nothing to God. AT: "If you are righteous, that does not enable you to give anything to him, and there is nothing that he will receive from your hand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## son of man ## +# receive from your hand -"fellow human-being " or "another person" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hand" represents Job. AT: "receive from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# another son of man + +"another human-being" or "another person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/35/09.md b/job/35/09.md index 06e6a0b6ca..c25b084b53 100644 --- a/job/35/09.md +++ b/job/35/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking. -## from the arms of mighty men ## +# Because of many acts of oppression -Here "arms" refers to power or strength. AT: "because powerful men harm them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "oppression" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "Because of the many things that people do to oppress others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## But no one says, 'Where is God my Maker...birds of the sky?' ## +# they call for help from the arms of mighty men -AT: "But the truly righteous person is never so arrogant as to suggest that God has abandoned them, or to say that God has refused to give them the ability to sing joyful songs, instead of very sad songs, during their suffering." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "arms" refers to power or strength. AT: "they call for someone to deliver them from the power of mighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## who gives songs in the night ## +# who gives songs in the night -This means that God's promises give people reason to have joy even when they suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elihu speaks of God enabling people to have hope in troubling circumstances as if he were giving to them songs which they can sing during the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/35/12.md b/job/35/12.md index 59172a30dc..4c963289f7 100644 --- a/job/35/12.md +++ b/job/35/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Elihu continues speaking. -## they cry out ## +# they cry out "the oppressed people cry out" -## How much less will he answer you ## +# How much less will he answer you ... that you are waiting for him! -AT: "He certainly will not answer you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Since God will not hear the prayers of prideful, evil men, it is even less likely that he will hear Job, who is complaining against him. AT: "So he certainly will not answer you ... that you are waiting for him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# that your case is before him + +"you have presented your case to him" + +# you are waiting for him + +"you are waiting for him to respond" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/35/15.md b/job/35/15.md index 3a36c7c3dc..b3046a7d16 100644 --- a/job/35/15.md +++ b/job/35/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Elihu continues speaking. -## How much less will he answer you ## +# How much less will he answer you ... concerned about people's pride -AT: "He will certainly not answer you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Elihu says that it is even less likely that God will answer Job's prayers since Job is saying these things about God that are untrue. -## he piles up words ## +# he never punishes anyone in anger -AT: "he continues talking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"he never punishes anyone because he is angry" + +# he piles up words without knowledge + +Elihu speaks of "words" as if they were objects, and of speaking many words as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. The word "knowledge" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "he speaks many words without knowing what he is talking about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/35/intro.md b/job/35/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..60e2ef0843 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/35/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Job 35 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the third of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. Elihu uses many of Job's statements against him. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Elihu uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job. These questions help to build Elihu's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Ironic situation ##### +Elihu explains the irony of Job's claim. He claimed to be righteous and desired Yahweh to intervene. In this chapter, Elihu explains to Job that his claims of righteousness are prideful. This makes him unrighteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/01.md b/job/36/01.md index a8f5a60ea2..8c626ad93b 100644 --- a/job/36/01.md +++ b/job/36/01.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# I will show you some things + +Elihu speaks of explaining things to Job as if he were going to show those things to Job. AT: "I will explain some things to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will obtain my knowledge from far off + +Elihu speaks of having knowledge of many different subjects as if it were getting his knowledge from far away places. AT: "I will show you my great knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that righteousness belongs to my Maker + +Here the word "righteousness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "that my Maker is righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/04.md b/job/36/04.md index 4f3baf6478..176a6054d0 100644 --- a/job/36/04.md +++ b/job/36/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## my words will not be false ## +# my words will not be false -AT: "I will say what is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"what I say will not be false" -## See ## +# someone who is mature in knowledge is with you -The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +The word "someone" refers to Elihu himself. He speaks of being very knowledgeable as if it were being mature in knowledge. AT: "I, who am with you, am very knowledgeable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he is mighty in strength of understanding ## +# See -The phrase "mighty in strength" means "very strong." AT: "he is very strong in understanding" or "he understands everything very well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Indeed." The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# he is mighty in strength of understanding + +The phrase "mighty in strength" forms a doublet that means "very strong." Elihu speaks of God understanding everything perfectly as if his understanding were very strong. AT: "he is very strong in understanding" or "he understands everything completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/06.md b/job/36/06.md index 02fbae74cb..5ea246496d 100644 --- a/job/36/06.md +++ b/job/36/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## does not withdraw his eyes from the righteous ## +# He does not withdraw his eyes from righteous people -AT: "watches over those who are righteous" (UDB) or "protects the righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Elihu speaks of God protecting righteous people as if God were watching them with his eyes, and of God ceasing to protect them as if he withdrew his eyes from them. AT: "He does not stop protecting the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## sets the righteous on thrones like kings ## +# sets them on thrones like kings -Yahweh honors righteous people like people honor kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Elihu speaks of God honoring the righteous people as if God were causing them to sit on thrones like kings do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they are lifted up ## +# they are lifted up -Possible meanings are 1) "he causes others to honor them" or 2) "he causes them to prosper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elihu speaks of God honoring the righteous people as if he lifted them up to a high place. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he lifts them up" or "he honors them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/08.md b/job/36/08.md index 4cb699f159..642f87a528 100644 --- a/job/36/08.md +++ b/job/36/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## they are bound in chains ## +# If they are bound in chains -Here the word "they" refers to people in general. AT: "someone binds them in chains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here the word "they" refers righteous people whom God will discipline if they sin. This can be stated in active form. AT: "If someone binds them in chains" or "If someone makes them a prisoner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## if they are trapped in cords of suffering ## +# trapped in cords of suffering -Elihu speaks of suffering as if it traps a person with ropes. AT: "if someone makes them suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elihu speaks of a person being made to suffer as if that person were trapped in ropes that cause suffering. AT: "someone causes them to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their transgressions and their pride + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "he reveals to them their transgressions and their pride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/10.md b/job/36/10.md index 22d1727fa5..44e1a5a7ad 100644 --- a/job/36/10.md +++ b/job/36/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## opens their ears to his instruction ## +# He also opens their ears -AT: "makes them listen to his instruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Elihu speaks of causing a person to listen as if it were opening that person's ear. AT: "He also causes them to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## their days...their years ## +# to his instruction -These two phrases refer to the person's lifetime. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The noun "instruction" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "to what he is instructing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## they will perish by the sword ## +# to turn back from iniquity -AT: "they will die a violent death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elihu speaks of stopping an action as if it were turning back from it. AT: "to stop committing iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will spend their days in prosperity, their years in contentment + +The words "days" and "years" both refer to the person's lifetime. AT: "they will spend their lives in prosperity and contentment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they will perish by the sword + +Elihu speaks of a person dying violently as if someone had killed them with a sword. AT: "they will die a violent death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/13.md b/job/36/13.md index 8dde681aa2..3c6fc325fb 100644 --- a/job/36/13.md +++ b/job/36/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## who are godless in heart ## +# who are godless in heart -Here the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and emotions. The phrase may indicate that the person stubbornly refuses to trust God. AT: "who refuse to trust in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and emotions. The phrase may indicate that the person stubbornly refuses to trust God. AT: "who refuse to trust in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# store up their anger + +Elihu speaks of a person remaining angry as if that person stored up their anger like one would store up treasure. AT: "are always angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# even when God ties them up + +Elihu speaks of God disciplining people as if God were tying them up with ropes. AT: "even when God punishes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their lives end among the cultic prostitutes + +Here "cultic prostitutes" refers to young men who served in pagan temples performing sexually immoral acts as part of their rituals. Possible meanings for this phrase are 1) the godless die because of their immoral behavior or 2) the godless die in shame and disgrace. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/15.md b/job/36/15.md index 4c9663879e..67ea579d83 100644 --- a/job/36/15.md +++ b/job/36/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## he opens their ears ## +# he opens their ears -See how you translated this in [Job 36:10](./10.md). +Elihu speaks of God causing a person to listen as if God were opening their ears. See how you translated this in [Job 36:10](./10.md). AT: "he causes them to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your table would be set ## +# into a broad place where there is no hardship -AT: "your servants would set your table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Elihu speaks of living without trouble as if it were being in a wide-open space where there were no hardships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## food full of fatness ## +# where your table would be set with food full of fatness + +Elihu speaks of living prosperously as if it were having one's table filled with the best foods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your table would be set + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your servants would set your table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# food full of fatness Meat that had plenty of fat on it was a sign of prosperity because the animals were healthy and well-fed. AT: "the very best food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/17.md b/job/36/17.md index 69dcf852c0..4dd7930e54 100644 --- a/job/36/17.md +++ b/job/36/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## you are full of the judgment on the wicked ## +# you are full of judgment on wicked people -Possible meanings are 1) "God is punishing you as he would punish the wicked" (UDB) or 2) "you are obsessed with the judgment that the wicked deserve." +Possible meanings are 1) "God is punishing you as he would punish the wicked" or 2) "you are obsessed with the judgment that the wicked deserve." -## judgment and justice have laid hold of you ## +# judgment and justice have laid hold of you -AT: "God has brought you to judgment and given you justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Elihu speaks of God judging Job and giving him justice as if judgment and justice were people that have laid hold of Job. AT: "God has brought you to judgment and given you justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Do not let wealth attract you to deception ## +# Do not let your anger entice you to mockery -AT: "Do not let someone attract you to deception with wealth" - -## do not let the great size of a bribe turn you aside from justice ## - -AT: "do not let someone turn you aside from justice with a large bribe" \ No newline at end of file +Some versions of the Bible translate this as "Beware that you are not enticed by wealth." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/19.md b/job/36/19.md index 20a5612e8e..e7e3a13e62 100644 --- a/job/36/19.md +++ b/job/36/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Can your wealth benefit you...can all the force of your strength help you? ## +# Can your wealth benefit you, so that you will not be in distress, or can all the force of your strength help you? -Elihu asks these questions to emphasize that money and power will not be able to help Job if he acts unjustly. AT: "Wealth cannot benefit you...all the force of your strength cannot help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Elihu asks these questions to state that money and power will not be able to help Job if he acts unjustly. AT: "Your wealth cannot cause you to no longer be in distress, and all the force of your strength cannot help you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## all the force of your strength ## +# all the force of your strength -"all of your great strength" +"all of your great strength" or "all of your mighty efforts" -## when peoples are cut off in their place ## +# when peoples are cut off in their place -Possible meanings are 1) "when people groups disappear from their place" or 2) "when people drag others away from their homes." +Possible meanings are 1) that "peoples" refers to people in general and "cut off in their place" is a metaphor for oppressing others by dragging them away from their homes. AT: "when people drag others away from their homes" or 2) that "peoples" represents nations and "cut off in their place" is a metaphor for nations being destroyed. AT: "when nations will perish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you are being tested by suffering ## +# you are being tested by suffering -AT: "God is testing you by making you suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God is testing you by making you suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/22.md b/job/36/22.md index ab714b9cae..67304016aa 100644 --- a/job/36/22.md +++ b/job/36/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## See ## +# See -The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" -## who is a teacher like him? ## +# God is exalted in his power -The implicit answer to this question is "no one." AT: "no one is a teacher like him." or "no one teaches like he does." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "God is extremely powerful" or 2) "people exalt God because he is powerful" -## Who has ever instructed him about his way? ## +# who is a teacher like him? -AT: "No one has ever instructed him about what he should do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one is a teacher like God. AT: "no one is a teacher like him." or "no one teaches like he does." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Who can ever say to him, ‘You have committed unrighteousness?' ## +# Who has ever instructed him about his way? -AT: "No one can ever say to him, 'You have committed unrighteousness.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one has ever taught God what to do. AT: "No one has ever instructed him about what he should do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who can ever say to him, 'You have committed unrighteousness?' + +Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can accuse God of having committed unrighteousness. AT: "No one can ever say to him, 'You have committed unrighteousness.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/25.md b/job/36/25.md index b9f120c7b3..c66b8cf211 100644 --- a/job/36/25.md +++ b/job/36/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## from far away ## +# they see those deeds only from far away -AT: "imperfectly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Elihu speaks of people not being fully able to understand God's deeds as if people were only able to see those deeds from far away. AT: "they do not fully understand them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## See ## +# See -The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +"Indeed." The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## the number of his years ## +# the number of his years is incalculable -AT: "his age" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to how long God has existed. AT: "people cannot know how long he has lived" or "people cannot know his age" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/27.md b/job/36/27.md index 6904af7e18..ff468c9a8a 100644 --- a/job/36/27.md +++ b/job/36/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## can anyone understand the extensive spread of the clouds and the thunder from his tent? ## +# that he distills as rain from his vapor -The implicit answer to this question is "no." AT: "no one can understand the extensive spread of the clouds and the thunder from his tent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "distills" can also mean "refine" or "filter." Elihu describes how God turns the drops of water, or vapor, that he draws up into rain. AT: "that he turns into rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# can anyone understand the extensive spread of the clouds and the thunder from his hut? + +Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can do these things. AT: "no one can understand the extensive spread of the clouds and the thunder from his hut." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the extensive spread of the clouds + +The phrase "the extensive spread" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "how the clouds spread across the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# from his hut + +Elihu speaks of the sky as if it were a "hut" in which God lives. AT: "from the sky, where God lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/30.md b/job/36/30.md index 25656ab6c0..f4a0a94f62 100644 --- a/job/36/30.md +++ b/job/36/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## See ## +# See -The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +"Indeed." The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. -## he feeds...and gives food ## +# and covers the roots of the sea -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elihu speaks of the deep parts of the sea as if the sea were a plant and its depths were its roots. Possible meanings are 1) although the lightning causes light in the sky, the deep parts of the sea remain dark. AT: "but the depths of the sea remain dark" or 2) the lightning in the sky cause even the depths of the sea to have light. AT: "and lights up the depths of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/32.md b/job/36/32.md index 80e5ec98ec..f1a5a63e81 100644 --- a/job/36/32.md +++ b/job/36/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He covers his hands over the lightning bolts ## +# He fills his hands with the lightning -Possible meanings are 1) that God holds the lightning bolts in his hands in order to throw them, or 2) that God hides the lightning bolts in his hands until he is ready to use them. +Elihu speaks of the lightning that storms cause as if God were holding the lightning in his hand and directing it to strike where he wills. Possible meanings are 1) that God holds the lightning bolts in his hands in order to throw them, or 2) that God hides the lightning bolts in his hands until he is ready to use them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Their noise ## +# Its thunder -"The noise of the lightning bolts" or "The thunder" \ No newline at end of file +"The thunder caused by the lightning" or "The thunder" + +# hear it is coming + +"hear that the storm is coming" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/36/intro.md b/job/36/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..19496422f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/36/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Job 36 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the last of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's justice ##### +This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won't always come in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../35/intro.md) | [>>](../37/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/01.md b/job/37/01.md index 70205e794b..c405cb5be5 100644 --- a/job/37/01.md +++ b/job/37/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## my heart trembles...it is moved out of its place ## +# my heart trembles ... it is moved out of its place -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## my heart trembles at this ## +# my heart trembles at this -The word "this" refers to the storm in [Job 36:32](../36/32.md). +The word "this" refers to the storm in [Job 36:33](../36/32.md). -## it is moved out of its place ## +# it is moved out of its place -Elihu's heart beats so hard that it is as if it jumps out of his chest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Elihu speaks of his heart beating violently as if it were to jump out of his chest. AT: "it moves out of its place" or "it beats violently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the noise of his voice, the sound that goes out from his mouth ## +# the noise of his voice, the sound that goes out from his mouth -Elihu speaks of the thunder as if it is God's voice. These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Elihu speaks of the thunder as if it is God's voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## to the borders of the earth ## +# to the edges of the earth -AT: "everywhere in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elihu speaks of the farthest places on the earth as if they were the earth's borders. AT: "everywhere in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/04.md b/job/37/04.md index e75fd8c432..b920aea2da 100644 --- a/job/37/04.md +++ b/job/37/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## a voice roars after it...the voice of his majesty ## +# A voice roars after it ... the voice of his majesty Elihu continues to speak of the thunder as if it is God's voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## roars after it ## +# roars after it -Here the word "it" refers to the lightning from [Job 37:1](./01.md). +"roars after the lightning" -## when his voice is heard ## +# the voice of his majesty -AT: "when people hear his voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"his majestic voice" + +# when his voice is heard + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when people hear his voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# likewise to the rain shower + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "likewise, he says to the rain shower" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/07.md b/job/37/07.md index 0b4d08580f..7b6d5e249c 100644 --- a/job/37/07.md +++ b/job/37/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## stops the hand of every man ## +# He stops the hand of every man -AT: "stops every man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "hand" represents the entire person. AT: "He stops every man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## The storm comes from its chamber in the south and the cold from the scattering winds in the north ## +# The storm comes from its chamber in the south and the cold from the scattering winds in the north -In Israel, strong wind storms blow in from the south and cold weather approaches from the north. +In Israel, strong wind storms blow in from the south and cold weather approaches from the north. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## its chamber in the south ## +# The storm comes from its chamber in the south -Elihu speaks of the storm having a place where it resides until it comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elihu speaks of the storm blowing in from the south as if the storm has a place where it resides until it comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/10.md b/job/37/10.md index e19a6f8f54..e84c2a2938 100644 --- a/job/37/10.md +++ b/job/37/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## By the breath of God ice is given ## +# By the breath of God ice is given -Elihu speaks of the cold north wind as God's breath. AT: "God's breath makes ice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Elihu speaks of the cold north wind as if it were God's breath. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God's breath makes ice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## frozen like metal ## +# frozen like metal -When water freezes, it becomes hard like metal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elihu compares the hardness of ice to the hardness of metal. AT: "frozen, as hard as metal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he weighs down the thick cloud with moisture + +Elihu speaks of God causing the storm clouds to be full of water as if the moisture weighed heavily on the clouds. AT: "he causes the thick clouds to be full of moisture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/12.md b/job/37/12.md index a8f5a60ea2..2a4fbb50b9 100644 --- a/job/37/12.md +++ b/job/37/12.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# sometimes it happens for correction + +The word "correction" can be translated with a verbal phrase. The object of his "correction" is people. AT: "sometimes it happens to correct his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sometimes for his land + +This means that the rain waters the ground and causes vegetation to grow. AT: "sometimes to water the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sometimes as acts of covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "faithfully." AT: "sometimes to act faithfully to his covenant" or "sometimes to be faithful to his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/14.md b/job/37/14.md index 06de001ead..d80ae592da 100644 --- a/job/37/14.md +++ b/job/37/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Do you know how God forces his will on the clouds and makes the lightning bolts to flash in them? ## +# Do you know how God establishes the clouds and makes the lightning bolts to flash in them? -The implicit answer to this question is "no." AT: "You cannot understand how God forces his will on the clouds and makes the lightning bolts to flash in them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job cannot know this. AT: "You cannot understand how God establishes the clouds and makes the lightning bolts to flash in them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# establishes the clouds + +"controls the clouds" or "makes the clouds obey him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/16.md b/job/37/16.md index 04595b2916..6f840480ea 100644 --- a/job/37/16.md +++ b/job/37/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Do you understand the floating of the clouds, the marvelous deeds of God, who is perfect in knowledge? ## +# Do you understand the floating of the clouds, the marvelous deeds of God, who is perfect in knowledge? -Do you understand the floating of the clouds, the marvelous deeds of God, who is perfect in knowledge? AT: "You do not understand the floating of the clouds, the marvelous deeds of God, who is perfect in knowledge." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job does not know these things. AT: "You do not understand the floating of the clouds, the marvelous deeds of God, who is perfect in knowledge." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the floating of the clouds ## +# the floating of the clouds "how the clouds float" -## the marvelous deeds of God ## +# the marvelous deeds of God -"the miraculous way in which he makes the clouds float across the sky." +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "or do you understand the marvelous deeds of God" or "and you do not understand the marvelous deeds of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Do you understand how your garments become hot when the land is still because of the wind coming from the south?" ## +# Do you understand how your garments become hot ... from the south? -AT: "You do not understand how to stop sweating there in your clothes; it is very oppressive when the hot wind stops blowing from the south and all the leaves on the trees become still." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job does not know these things. AT: "You do not understand how your garments become hot ... from the south." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# how your garments become hot + +"how you become hot in your clothes" or "how you sweat in your clothes" + +# because the wind comes from the south + +In Israel, hot winds blow in across the desert from the south and cause hot temperatures. AT: "because of the hot, dry wind blowing in from the south" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/18.md b/job/37/18.md index 56ff3a19ed..78ee1a3868 100644 --- a/job/37/18.md +++ b/job/37/18.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## Can you spread out the sky as he can — the sky, which is as strong as a mirror of cast metal? ## +# Can you spread out the sky ... a mirror of cast metal? -the sky, which is as strong as a mirror of cast metal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job cannot do this. AT: "You cannot spread out the sky ... a mirror of cast metal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## as strong as a mirror of cast metal ## +# as strong as a mirror of cast metal -In biblical days, mirrors were made of metal. Elihu speaks of the sky as looking like solid metal when it gives no rain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +In biblical days, mirrors were made of metal. Elihu speaks of the sky giving no rain as if it were as hard as solid metal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## cast metal ## +# cast metal -This refers to metal that is melted, poured into a mold that is in the shape of an object, and then hardens as it cools. +This refers to metal that is melted, poured into a mold, and then hardens as it cools. -## Teach us what we should say to him ## +# Teach us what we should say to him Here the words "us" and "we" refer to Elihu, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar, but not to Job. Elihu uses this phrase sarcastically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## because of the darkness of our minds ## +# because of the darkness of our minds -AT: "because we do not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Elihu speaks of the inability to understand as if it were having darkness in one's mind. AT: "because we do not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Should he be told that I wish to speak with him? ## +# Should he be told that I wish to speak with him? -AT: "I will not have someone tell him that I wish to speak with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can do this. AT: "I cannot have someone tell him that I wish to speak with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Should he be told ## +# Should he be told -AT: "Should I have someone tell him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Should I have someone tell him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Would a person wish to be swallowed up? ## +# Would a person wish to be swallowed up? -AT: "No person would want to be swallowed up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one would want this to happen. AT: "No person would want to be swallowed up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## to be swallowed up ## +# to be swallowed up -AT: "for God to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Elihu speaks of a person being destroyed as if the person were swallowed up. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for God to destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/21.md b/job/37/21.md index a8f5a60ea2..314f66ddc4 100644 --- a/job/37/21.md +++ b/job/37/21.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Out of the north comes golden splendor + +The phrase "golden splendor" describes God's glory. This can be made explicit in translation. AT: "God comes from the north with golden splendor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# over God is fearsome majesty + +The word "fearsome" means that it causes fear. Elihu speaks of God's majesty as if it were something that rests upon God. AT: "God's majesty causes people to fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/23.md b/job/37/23.md index 209676af68..e19cd42082 100644 --- a/job/37/23.md +++ b/job/37/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## those who are wise in their own minds ## +# we cannot find him -AT: "those who consider themselves to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "we cannot approach him" or 2) this is a metaphor in which Elihu speaks of a person's being unable to fully understand God as if he could not find God. AT: "we cannot comprehend him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who are wise in their own minds + +Here "minds" represents the person's thoughts. AT: "those who are wise in their own thinking" or "those who consider themselves to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/37/intro.md b/job/37/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..236095ac73 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/37/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Job 37 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the previous chapter and the last of Elihu's four statements, and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's justice ##### +This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won't always come in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 37:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../36/intro.md) | [>>](../38/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/01.md b/job/38/01.md index 41c0d4fd35..36fc48c921 100644 --- a/job/38/01.md +++ b/job/38/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## Who is this...without knowledge ## +# Then -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job has said foolish things. AT: "You bring darkness...without knowledge." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"And then." The word "Then" starts a new part of the book that describes what happened next. See if your language has a similar way to introduce a new scene. -## brings darkness to my plans ## +# called to Job -Darkness is a metaphor for advice that is not wise. AT: "gives foolish advice." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"answered Job" or "responded to Job" -## by means of words without knowledge ## +# out of a fierce storm -"by speaking words but having no knowledge" +"from a powerful storm" -## gird up your loins ## +# Who is this who brings darkness to plans by means of words without knowledge? -"tie your robe up around your waist." Men tied up their robes around their waist, so that their legs could move more freely in a battle or a contest. AT: "prepare yourself for a contest." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job spoke of things he did not know about. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You bring darkness to my plans by means of words without knowledge." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## like a man ## +# Who is this who brings -"like a warrior" +"Who are you to bring" -## must answer me ## +# brings darkness to plans -"must tell me the answers" \ No newline at end of file +"obscures my plans" or "confuses my purposes." How Job confuses God's plans is spoken of as if he were making God's plans harder to see. The abstract noun "darkness" can be translated as the verb "darkens." AT: "darkens plans" or "makes plans hard to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# by means of words without knowledge + +"by speaking of things about which you do not know" + +# words without knowledge + +The abstract noun "knowledge" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "unknowing words" or "ignorant words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# gird up your loins like a man + +"tie your robe up around your waist like a man." Men tied up their robes around their waists so that their legs could move more freely as they did heavy work. The idiom "gird up your loins like a man" means to get ready to do something involving action such as work, a contest, or a battle. Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. AT: "get yourself ready for hard work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/04.md b/job/38/04.md index be8f5b0d90..5ea83156fb 100644 --- a/job/38/04.md +++ b/job/38/04.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh continues to challenge Job. +# General Information: -## Where were you...foundations ## +Yahweh begins to challenge Job with a series of questions that emphasize he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job did not exist when he created the earth, so Job does not understand how Yahweh made the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Where were you when I laid the earth's foundations? Tell me, if you have so much understanding -## I laid the earth’s foundations ## +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me where you were when I laid the foundations of the earth, if you have so much understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"I made the foundations for the earth." Yahweh describes creating the earth as though he was building a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# I laid the earth's foundations -## Tell me ## +Yahweh describes creating the earth as though he was building a structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "Tell me the answer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# if you have so much understanding -## if you have so much understanding ## +The abstract noun "understanding" can be translated as the verb "understand." AT: "if you understand so much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"you think you know so much" +# Who determined its dimensions? Tell me, if you know -## Who determined its dimensions ## +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me who determined its dimensions, if you know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he decide how big the earth should be, so he is the only one who understands how he made it. +# dimensions -## stretched the measuring line over it ## +"measurements" -"measured the earth with a rope" +# Who stretched the measuring line over it? -## measuring line ## +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me who stretched the measuring line over it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -a rope or cord that people use to make sure that they build a building the right size and the right shape \ No newline at end of file +# measuring line + +a rope or cord that people use to make something the right size and shape \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/06.md b/job/38/06.md index 6d43860e89..9b0ec374e5 100644 --- a/job/38/06.md +++ b/job/38/06.md @@ -1,25 +1,47 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## On what...cornerstone ## +# General Information: -Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that Job does not know how Yahweh made the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The word "its" refers to the earth. -## On what were its foundations laid ## +# General Information: -What did I put the foundations of the earth on." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses more questions to emphasize that his greatness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the morning stars ## +# On what were its foundations laid? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me on what its foundations were laid." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# On what were its foundations laid + +This can be stated in active form. "On what did I set its foundations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Who laid its cornerstone when ... the sons of God shouted for joy? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me who laid its cornerstone when ... the sons of God shouted for joy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# when the morning stars sang together and all the sons of God shouted for joy + +These two lines are similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# when the morning stars sang together + +The morning stars are spoken of as singing like people sing. Possible meanings are: 1) the "morning stars" are the same as the "sons of God" in the next line or 2) "the morning stars" refer to stars in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the morning stars "the bright stars that shine in the morning" -## when the morning stars sang together ## +# sons of God -Yahweh describes the stars as though they were people who could sing. AT: "when it was as though the morning stars sang together." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This refers to angels, heavenly beings. See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). -## the sons of God ## +# shouted for joy -"the angels" +The abstract noun "joy" can be translated as the adverb "joyfully." AT: "shouted joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## for joy ## +# for joy "because they were full of joy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/08.md b/job/38/08.md index a047c52324..ebc4afee8a 100644 --- a/job/38/08.md +++ b/job/38/08.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh continues challenge to Job. +# Connecting Statement: -## Who shut up the sea ## +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he made the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# General Information: -## shut up the sea with doors ## +Yahweh uses another question to emphasize that he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Yahweh compares the way that he prevented the sea from covering all of the earth to holding it back with doors. AT: "prevented the water from flooding over the land." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Who shut up the sea with doors ... and thick darkness its swaddling bands? -## as if it had come out of the womb ## +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me who shut up the sea with doors ... and thick darkness its swaddling bands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Yahweh compares his creation of the sea like a birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# shut up the sea with doors -## its clothing ## +Yahweh compares the way that he prevented the sea from covering all of the earth to holding it back with doors. AT: "prevented the water from flooding over the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as if it had come out of the womb + +Yahweh compares his creation of the sea to childbirth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# its clothing "as clothes for the sea" -## thick darkness ## +# thick darkness its swaddling bands -"very dark clouds" +The abstract noun "darkness" can be translated as the adjective "dark." AT: "made dark clouds its swaddling bands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## and thick darkness its swaddling bands ## +# swaddling bands -"and wrapped it with dark clouds like swaddling bands (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -## swaddling bands ## - -very long pieces of cloth that people use to wrap a baby in after it is born \ No newline at end of file +long pieces of cloth that people use to wrap a baby in after it is born \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/10.md b/job/38/10.md index 041e047328..029f75144f 100644 --- a/job/38/10.md +++ b/job/38/10.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues to challenge Job. - -## I marked out for the sea my boundary ## +# I marked out for the sea my boundary "I made a boundary for the sea" -## boundary ## +# boundary -Yahweh created a border around the sea that the seas was not allowed to cross. +Yahweh set a limit beyond which the sea was not allowed to cross. -## I placed its bars and doors ## +# I placed its bars and doors -Yahweh compares the way that he made a boundary for the sea to containing the sea with bars and doors. AT: "I put barriers so that the water would not come over the land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh compares the way that he made a boundary for the sea to containing the sea with bars and doors. AT: "I set up its barriers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## bars ## +# bars -a long piece of wood or metal that is used to lock a door shut +long pieces of wood or metal that are used to keep a door shut -## to it ## +# when I said to it -"to the sea." Yahweh speaks to the sea as though it were a person." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"when I said to the sea." Yahweh speaks to the sea as though it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## to the pride of your waves ## +# You may come this far, but no farther -Yahweh speaks about the waves as though they were people. It is implied that the waves are proud because they are powerful. AT: "for you waves that are proud because they are so powerful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "this far" mean only as far as the boundary that Yahweh set up. AT: "You may come as far as this boundary, but no farther" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to the pride of your waves + +"to the power of your waves." The waves are spoken of as if they could have pride. The abstract noun "pride" can be translated as the adjective "proud." AT: "to your proud waves" or "to your powerful waves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/12.md b/job/38/12.md index 34bf5db6f8..9f2b4e6d19 100644 --- a/job/38/12.md +++ b/job/38/12.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Have you ever...be shaken out of it ## +# General Information: -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that only he has power over the morning and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he created the light of day and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## since your own days began ## +# Have you ... shake the wicked out of it? -This phrase means "since you were born" or "on any of the days that you have lived." +This question expects a negative answer. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have never ... shaken the wicked out of it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## given orders to the morning ## +# given orders to the morning -Yahweh describes the morning as though it were a person who could receive orders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Yahweh describes the morning as being able to receive orders and know things like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## caused the morning dawn to know its place in the scheme of things ## +# caused the dawn to know its place -"let the dawn know where it belongs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"caused the dawn to know where it belongs" -## dawn ## +# dawn -the light that appears in the morning before the sun rises +the daylight that appears in the morning sky before the sun rises -## might take hold of the sides of the earth ## +# take hold of the edges of the earth -Yahweh describes dawn as a person holding the horizons of the earth like the edges of a rug. Dawn looks like it holds the sides of the earth because its light first appears on the horizons. AT: "would appear on the horizons of the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The light of dawn is spoken of as if it seizes the horizons of the earth. AT: "grasp the ends of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## so that it ## +# shake the wicked out of it -The word "it" refers to the dawn. - -## so that the wicked might be shaken out of it ## - -"and shake the wicked out of the earth." The light of the dawn makes wicked people go away like shaking a rug gets the dirt out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The daylight is pictured as causing wicked people to leave like shaking something to remove unwanted things. AT: "shake wicked people out of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/14.md b/job/38/14.md index aaebcd7126..e5eba2cb9e 100644 --- a/job/38/14.md +++ b/job/38/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## The earth is changed in appearance like clay changes under a seal ## +# The earth is changed in appearance like clay changes under a seal -At night time, people cannot see clearly, but in the morning the light reveals the distinct shape of everything, just like a seal creates distinct images in clay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +At nighttime, people cannot see clearly, but in the morning the light reveals the distinct shape of everything, just like a seal creates distinct images in clay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## From the wicked their 'light' is taken away ## +# all things on it stand out clearly like the folds of a piece of clothing -AT: "The morning takes away the light of the wicked." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "it" refers to the earth. This phrase has a similar meaning to the first phrase in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## their 'light' ## +# From wicked people their 'light' is taken away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The morning takes away the 'light' of wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their 'light' The wicked consider darkness to be their light, because they do their evil deeds in the darkness and they are familiar with the darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## their uplifted arm is broken ## +# their uplifted arm is broken -The raised arm of the wicked shows that they have the power and the intention to do evil things, but the morning light breaks their arm so that they are not able to do evil things. AT: "in the daylight they no longer are able to hurt anyone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The raised arm of the wicked represents their power and intention to do evil things, but the wicked stop doing those evil things when the morning light comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/16.md b/job/38/16.md index f75454860b..a6eaf4e50b 100644 --- a/job/38/16.md +++ b/job/38/16.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Have you...its expanse ## +# General Information: -Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that these are things that Job has not done and that there are many things that Job does not know. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses five questions to emphasize that he understands the earth and seas and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the sources ## +# General Information: + +Verses 16 and 17 each have two phrases that are similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Have you gone ... in its expanse? + +These questions expect negative answers. They can be expressed as statements. AT: "You have not gone to the sources of the waters of the sea, or walked in the lowest parts of the deep. The gates of death have not been revealed to you, and you have not seen the gates of the shadow of death. You do not understand the earth in its expanse." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the sources of the waters "the springs" -## the deep ## +# the deep -This can be translated as "the water" or "the ocean" (UDB) or "the deep water." +This refers to the sea or ocean where the water is very deep. AT: "the deep sea" or "the ocean depths" or "the deep water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## Have the gates of death been revealed to you ## +# Have the gates of death been revealed to you -"Has anyone shown the gates of death to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Death is spoken of as if it were a city that had gates through which people enter into it. This can be expressed in active form. AT: "Has anyone shown the gates of death to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Have you understood the earth in its expanse ## +# the shadow of death -"Have you look carefully at everything all the way to the farthest parts of the earth" +See how you translated this in [Job 3:5](../03/04.md). -## if you know it all ## +# the earth in its expanse -"if you are familiar with the whole earth" or "if you know everything about the earth" \ No newline at end of file +"the great broad places of the earth" + +# if you know it all + +"if you know all about these things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/19.md b/job/38/19.md index 6a3dd2fad7..c34843e8cb 100644 --- a/job/38/19.md +++ b/job/38/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## the resting place of light ## +# General Information: -"the place that light dwells" or "the place that light inhabits." Yahweh describes light as though it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize that he understands light and darkness and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## to their places of work ## +# General Information: -"to their border" or "to their boundary." The boundary surrounds the place of the light and of the darkness. When the night is finished, darkness returns to its place. When the day is over, light returns to its place. AT: "back to their place." +Each of these verses have two parallel phrases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Undoubtedly ... so large ## +# Where is the way to the resting place of light—as for darkness, where is its place? -Yahweh uses mocking irony to emphasize that Job does not understand light and darkness. AT: "It is obvious that you do not know because you were not born when I created them and you are not very old." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +This question can be expressed as a statement. AT: "You do not know the way to the resting place of light or the place of darkness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## for you were born then ## +# the resting place of light -The word "then" refers to the time when light was created and separated from darkness. AT: "for you were born when when I created the world." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +"the dwelling of light." Light is spoken of as having a resting place from which it comes forth each day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the number of your days is so large ## +# light -"you have lived very many years" or "you are very old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +"daylight" or "sunlight" + +# Can you lead light and darkness to their places of work? Can you find the way back to their houses for them? + +These questions expect a negative answer. They can be expressed as statements. AT: "You cannot lead light and darkness to their places of work, or find the way back to their houses for them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to their places of work + +"to their territory." Light and darkness are spoken of as being led out and back each day to accomplish Yahweh's purposes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Undoubtedly ... so large + +Yahweh uses mocking irony to emphasize that Job does not understand light and darkness. AT: "It is obvious that you do not know, because you were not born when I created them, and you are not very old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# for you were born then + +"for you were already living then." The word "then" refers to the time when light was created and separated from darkness. AT: "for you were already born when I created them" + +# the number of your days is so large + +"you have lived so many years" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/22.md b/job/38/22.md index ea757ea14a..ae925b9271 100644 --- a/job/38/22.md +++ b/job/38/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Have you...over the earth? ## +# General Information: -Yahweh uses theses questions to emphasize that Job does not know how Yahweh send snow, hail, lightning and the east wind onto the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he rules over the natural world and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## hail ## +# Have you entered the storehouses for the snow, or have you seen the storehouses for the hail ... and war? -round pieces of ice that fall down from the sky \ No newline at end of file +These questions expect a negative answer. They can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have never entered the storehouses for the snow, or seen the storehouses for the hail ... and war." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have you entered the storehouses for the snow, or have you seen the storehouses for the hail + +These two phrases are similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# storehouses for the snow ... storehouses for the hail + +Snow and hail are pictured as being stored by Yahweh to do his will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# hail + +balls of ice (usually small) that sometimes fall down from the sky during a storm + +# What is the path to where the lightning bolts are distributed or to where the winds are scattered from the east over the earth? + +These can be stated in active form. AT: "What is the path to where I distribute the lightning bolts or to where I scatter the winds from the east over the earth?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the winds are scattered + +"the winds are blown" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/25.md b/job/38/25.md index d7b940ea56..c7370671ed 100644 --- a/job/38/25.md +++ b/job/38/25.md @@ -1,41 +1,43 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Who has created the channels... ## +# General Information: -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who does all of these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh questions Job to emphasize that he causes it to rain and thunder and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the floods of rain ## +# Who has created the channels for the floods of rain, or who has made ... sprout with grass? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Only I have created the channels for the floods of rain, and only I have made ... grass sprout up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the floods of rain "the torrents of rain" -## the routes ## +# a path for the thunder -"the roads" or "the paths" +"a way for the rumble of thunder to be heard." -## the outbursts of thunder ## +# on lands where no person exists, and on the wilderness, in which there is no one -"the thunder clap." This is the loud sound of thunder that comes through the air like a wave. +These two phrases have nearly the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## to cause it to rain ## - -Yahweh creates the channels the streams of water so that he can send rain on the land where there are no people. AT: "so that the streams of rain will cause it to rain." - -## where no person exists ## +# where no person exists "where there are no people" -## in order to meet the needs ## +# to satisfy -"so that the rain can meet the needs" +The implied information is that it is the rain that meets the needs of the land to grow grass. AT: "so that the rain can satisfy the needs of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the barren and lonely regions ## +# devastated and desolate -"the places that have no plants or animals or people" +"ruined and wasted." These two words have nearly the same meaning and emphasize the ruined and empty nature of these regions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) -## the tender grass ## +# with grass -grass that is just starting to grow and is still very small and very soft +"the new grass" or "the fresh grass." This is grass that is just starting to grow. -## sprout up ## +# make the ground sprout with -"start growing" \ No newline at end of file +"make the ground support new grass" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/28.md b/job/38/28.md index 3a0ae36221..bbf26cd684 100644 --- a/job/38/28.md +++ b/job/38/28.md @@ -1,29 +1,47 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Is there a father…fathered it ## +# General Information: -Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that Job does not understand how Yahweh makes rain, dew, ice, and frost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize to Job that he makes rain, dew, ice, and frost and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Is there a father of the rain ## +# General Information: -Yahweh describes the rains as though it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Each of the two lines in these three verses mean similar things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## engendered ## +# General Information: -the role that the father has in causing a child to be born +Rain, dew, ice, and frost are spoken of as though they could be born like people are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## dewdrops ## +# Does the rain have a father, or, who fathers the drops of dew? Out of whose womb did the ice come? Who bore the white frost out of the sky? -the drops of dew that form from condensation on plant and other things +These can be translated as statements. AT: "Tell me whether the rain has a father, and who has engendered the raindrops. Tell me out of whose womb the ice came, and who bore the white frost out of the sky." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Who bore the white frost ## +# fathers -"Who has given birth to the frost" +"begets" "fathered." This means the role that there is a father who has caused the rain or the dew to be born. -## The waters hide themselves ## +# ice -during the winter the ice hides the water underneath it +"frozen water" -## the deep ## +# bore -This refers to deep water such as lakes, rivers, and oceans. \ No newline at end of file +"gave birth to" + +# the white frost + +dew that freezes on the ground on cold, clear nights + +# The waters hide themselves and become like stone + +The waters are spoken of as being able to hide. During the winter the ice hides the water underneath it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# become like stone + +The hardness of ice is spoken of as if it was stone. AT: "become hard like stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the deep + +This refers to the sea or ocean where the water is very deep. AT: "the deep sea" or "the ocean depths" or "the deep water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/31.md b/job/38/31.md index 12998e0654..0f402e222e 100644 --- a/job/38/31.md +++ b/job/38/31.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Can you fasten chains...over the earth ## +# General Information: -Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that Job does not know how to control the stars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses five questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the heavens and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## fasten chains ## +# General Information: -"bind the chains" or "tie the bonds" +Each of the two lines in these three verses mean similar things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Pleiades...Orion...Bear ## +# Can you fasten chains ... over the earth? -These are the names of constellations. See how you translated them in [Job 9:7](../09/07.md). +These can be translated as statements. AT: "Tell me if you can fasten chains on the Pleiades, or undo the cords of Orion. Tell me if you can lead the constellations to appear at their proper times, or guide the Bear with its children. Tell me if you know the regulations of the sky, or whether you could set in place the sky's rule over the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## undo the cords of Orion ## +# fasten chains on -"break the cords that hold Orion" +"bind chains onto" or "tie the bonds of" -## the constellations ## +# the Pleiades ... Orion ... the Bear -This refers to the twelve different constellation that appear behind the sun as it sets. A different constellation appears behind the sun each month. +These are the names of constellations. See how you translated them in [Job 9:9](../09/07.md). -## to appear at their proper times ## +# undo the cords of Orion + +"loosen the cords that hold Orion" + +# constellations + +groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky + +# to appear at their proper times "so that they appear at the right time" -## its children ## +# its children "its cubs" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/34.md b/job/38/34.md index efd536ecfa..8443833878 100644 --- a/job/38/34.md +++ b/job/38/34.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Can you raise...Here we are ## +# General Information: -Yahweh uses these question to emphasize that Job cannot control the clouds, the rain, or the lightning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses two questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the rain clouds and lightning and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## so that an abundance of rainwater may cover you ## +# Can you raise ... 'Here we are'? -"so that plenty of water will cover you" +These can be translated as statements. AT: "Tell me if you can raise your voice up to the clouds, so that an abundance of rainwater may cover you. Tell me if you can send out bolts of lightning that they may go out, that they say to you, 'Here we are!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Can you send out bolts of lightning that they may go out ## +# an abundance of rainwater -"Can you command the lightning bolts to go where you want them to and they actually go" +The abstract noun "abundance" can be translated as the adjective "abundant." AT: "an abundant amount of rainwater" or "a flood of waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## that they say to you ## +# Here we are -"and will they say to you" - -## Here we are ## - -This phrase means, "We are here so that you can tell us what you want us to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This pictures the lightning bolts as servants saying they are ready to follow commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/36.md b/job/38/36.md index ed238dcc26..7b60f5cc89 100644 --- a/job/38/36.md +++ b/job/38/36.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Who has put wisdom...tightly together ## +# General Information: -Yahweh uses these question to emphasize that he has control of the clouds and that Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the clouds and rain and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## has put wisdom in the clouds ## +# Who has put wisdom ... tightly together? -"has given wisdom to the clouds." Yahweh describes the clouds as though they were people and gives them wisdom so that they know what to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "Tell me who has put wisdom in the clouds and given understanding to the mists. Tell me who can number the clouds by his skill. Tell me who can pour out the water skins of the sky when the dust runs into a hard mass and the clods of earth clump tightly together." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Who can number the clouds by his skill ## +# Who has put wisdom in the clouds or has given understanding to the mists? -This phrase means: "Who can wisely control how many thin clouds are in the sky." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +These two lines mean similar things. Yahweh describes the clouds and mists as though they were people to whom he gives wisdom and understanding so that they know what to do. The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "understanding" can be translated as the adjective "wise" and the verb "understand." AT: "Who has made the clouds wise or the mists understand?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the water skins ## +# has put wisdom in the clouds -skins that people sewed together so that they could hold water. Yahweh refers to the thick clouds as "waters skin" because they hold a lot of water just like water skins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"has given wisdom to the clouds" -## when the dust runs into a hard mass ## +# Who can number the clouds by his skill? -"when the rain molds the dirt together into one piece." The rain makes the loose dry dirt stick together like one piece of dirt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Who is able to count the clouds?" -## the clods of earth clump tightly together ## +# the water skins -"the chunks of dirt stick together" \ No newline at end of file +These are skins that people sew together so that they can hold water. Yahweh refers to the thick clouds as "waters skins" because they hold much water just like water skins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when the dust runs into a hard mass and the clods of earth clump tightly together + +These two lines mean similar things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# when the dust runs into a hard mass + +The rain makes the loose dry dirt stick together like one piece of dirt. This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the rain molds the dirt into a hard mass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the clods of earth clump tightly together + +"the lumps of soil stick together" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/39.md b/job/38/39.md index 24114653ea..d7620b47e5 100644 --- a/job/38/39.md +++ b/job/38/39.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Can you hunt down...to lie in wait ## +# General Information: -Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that he knows how to feed the lions, but Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he knows how to feed the lions and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## a victim ## +# Can you hunt down ... to lie in wait? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me if you can hunt down ... to lie in wait." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a victim "prey." This is an animal that a lion could eat. -## a lioness ## +# lioness -Possibly "a lion." +This is a female lion. -## or satisfy the appetite of her young lion cubs ## +# appetite -"or give young lions enough food that they can live" +"hunger" -## of her young lion cubs ## +# of her young lion cubs "of young lions." These are young lions that are old enough to hunt for themselves. -## in their dens ## +# dens -"in the places that they live" or "in their dwelling places" +A "den" is a lair or shelter where lions live. -## sheltering in hiding ## +# sheltering in hiding -"lie still in the thick vegetation" +"hiding in a thicket." Lions hide in thick vegetation when hunting their prey. -## to lie in wait ## +# to lie in wait -"which is their place of ambush" or "which is the place that they hide in order to catch other animals." The lions hide in the thick plants and wait for an animal to pass by so that they can jump out and catch that animal. \ No newline at end of file +The implied information is that the lions are hiding and waiting for their prey to come near. AT: "to lie waiting for a victim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/41.md b/job/38/41.md index cfe6823a53..b6c0964308 100644 --- a/job/38/41.md +++ b/job/38/41.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Who provides victims... ## +# General Information: -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he provides food for the ravens and that Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he provides food for the ravens and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## victims ## +# Who provides victims ... for lack of food? -animals that ravens look for and can eat +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me who provides victims ... for lack of food." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## ravens ## +# victims -"crows" +"food." This refers to animals that ravens look for and can eat. -## cry out to God ## +# ravens -"cry to God for help" or "cry out for God to save them" +A raven is a large bird with shiny black feathers that feeds on dead animals. -## stagger about ## +# cry out to God -"wander around" +The implied information is that the ravens are crying out for food. AT: "cry to God for help" or "cry out for God to give them food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## for lack of food ## +# stagger about + +This means to walk around in an unsteady way. + +# for lack of food "because they have no food" or "because they have nothing to eat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/38/intro.md b/job/38/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..47be1261fc --- /dev/null +++ b/job/38/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 38 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. Yahweh finally speaks in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's greatness ##### +Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 38:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../37/intro.md) | [>>](../39/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/01.md b/job/39/01.md index ce13693051..6f630257e0 100644 --- a/job/39/01.md +++ b/job/39/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Do you know at what time...time when they bear their young ## +# General Information: -Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that he takes care of the goats and deer and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild mountain goats and deer and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Can you watch when the deer are having their fawns ## +# Do you know at what time ... bear their young? -"When the deer give birth can you watch to make sure everything goes well" +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely you do not know when ... bear their young!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## are having their fawns ## +# Can you watch when the deer are having their fawns? -"give birth" +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are not able to watch to make sure everything goes well when the deer give birth to their fawns!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## that they gestate ## +# are having their fawns -"to make sure that they complete their pregnancy" or "to make sure that they get to full term" +"give birth to their fawns" -## they ## +# Can you count the months that they gestate? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot count the months that they are pregnant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# that they gestate + +"to complete their pregnancy" + +# they The word "they" refers to the goats and the deer. -## gestate ## +# gestate "are pregnant" -## the time when they bear their young ## +# Do you know the time when they bear their young? -"when they give birth" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Of course you do not know when they give birth to their young." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/03.md b/job/39/03.md index d74e01f86f..0de9d790d7 100644 --- a/job/39/03.md +++ b/job/39/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## They crouch down ## +# They crouch down -The word "they" refers to the goats and the deer. +The word "They" refers to the wild mountain goats and the deer. -## birthe their young ## +# birth their young -"make their offspring come out" +"give birth to their offspring" -## then they finish their labor pains ## +# then they finish their labor pains -The word "labor pains" refers to the offspring of the goats and deer because they are the result of the mother's labor and pain. AT: "send out their offspring from their womb." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Possible meanings are 1) their labor pains are over when the birth is finished or 2) "labor pains" is a metonym that refers to the offspring of the goats and deer because they are the result of the mother's labor and pain. AT: "send out their offspring from their womb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the open fields ## +# the open fields "the countryside" or "the wild" -## come back again ## +# do not come back again -"come back to them" or "come back to their mothers" \ No newline at end of file +"do not come back to them" or "do not come back to their mothers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/05.md b/job/39/05.md index 381355d787..54e73b9696 100644 --- a/job/39/05.md +++ b/job/39/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Who let...the salt land ## +# Who let ... the salt land? -Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that he takes care of the wild donkeys and that Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses two questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild donkeys and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the wild donkey...the swift donkey ## +# Who let the wild donkey go free? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am the one who let the wild donkey go free." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the wild donkey ... the swift donkey These are different names for the same kind of donkey. -## bonds ## +# Who has untied the bonds ... in the salt land? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I untied the bonds ... in the salt land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# bonds ropes, chains, or straps that hold an animal and keep it from running away -## whose home ## +# whose home I have made in the Arabah -Yahweh describes the donkey as though he were a person that had a house. AT: "I gave him the Arabah as a place to live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh describes the donkey as though he were a person that had a house. "I gave him the Arabah as a place to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the salt land ## +# the salt land the land around the Salt Sea that has a lot of salt in it \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/07.md b/job/39/07.md index 7e73044b76..a30b73ca20 100644 --- a/job/39/07.md +++ b/job/39/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## He ## +# He -The word "he" refers to the wild donkey. +The word "He" refers to the wild donkey. -## laughs in scorn ## +# laughs in scorn -Yahweh describes the donkey as though he were a person. The donkeys laughs because those in the city have to hear loud noise, but he lives in quiet place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Yahweh describes the donkey as though he were a person. The donkey laughs because those in the city have to hear loud noise, but he lives in a quiet place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the driver’s ## +# the driver's someone who forces an animal to work -## pastures ## +# pastures -places where animals can eat plants \ No newline at end of file +places where animals can eat plants growing in the field \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/09.md b/job/39/09.md index 4b5b6f949a..ffc03e4e27 100644 --- a/job/39/09.md +++ b/job/39/09.md @@ -1,33 +1,51 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Will the wild ox...the valleys for you ## +# General Information: -Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the wild ox ## +# Will the wild ox be happy to serve you? -Possible meanings are 1) "the wild ox," a type of ox that used to live in the wild or 2) "the antelope," some kinds of antelope look like oxen. +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The wild ox will not be happy to serve you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## be happy ## +# the wild ox + +Possible meanings are 1) a type of ox that used to live in the wild or 2) some kind of buffalo that looked like oxen. + +# be happy "be willing" -## consent to stay by your manger ## +# Will he consent to stay by your manger? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He will not consent to stay by your manger." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# consent to stay by your manger "stay by your manger through the night" -## manger ## +# manger something that holds food so that animals can eat it -## furrows ## +# With a rope, can you control the wild ox to plow the furrows? -Long channels made in the dirt while plowing. See how you translated this in [Job 31:38](../31/38.md). +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot control the wild ox with a rope in order to plow furrows in your fields." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## harrow ## +# With a rope -"plow" +a rope was tied to the animal's head or neck in order to lead it -## for you ## +# furrows -"behind you." When plowing, a person would lead an ox that was behind him. \ No newline at end of file +These are long channels made in the dirt while plowing. See how you translated this in [Job 31:38](../31/38.md). + +# Will he harrow the valleys for you? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He will never harrow the valleys for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# harrow + +to smooth and break up the soil \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/11.md b/job/39/11.md index 17e59e8c6c..04267406c2 100644 --- a/job/39/11.md +++ b/job/39/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Will you trust...your threshing floor ## +# General Information: -Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here Yahweh uses three questions to continue his argument that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## trust him ## +# Will you trust him because his strength is great? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot trust him because his strength is great." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# trust him The word "him" refers to the "wild ox." -## leave your work to him to do ## +# Will you leave your work to him to do? -"have him do your hard work for you" \ No newline at end of file +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You will not be able to make him do your work for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# leave your work to him to do + +"have him do your hard work for you" + +# Will you depend on him ... grain for your threshing floor? + +These two clauses basically mean the same thing. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You will not be able to depend on him ... grain for your threshing floor." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/13.md b/job/39/13.md index b3b2e7e2ec..9cc1cd576a 100644 --- a/job/39/13.md +++ b/job/39/13.md @@ -1,37 +1,39 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## The wings...of love ## +# The wings of the ostrich ... pinions and plumage of love? -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job cannot explain why ostriches behave the way that they do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job cannot explain why ostriches behave the way they do. AT: "You do not know whether the pinions and plumage of the ostrich represent love when they wave their wings proudly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## ostrich ## +# ostrich a very large bird that can run very fast but cannot fly -## wave proudly ## +# wave proudly "move with joy" -## pinions ## +# pinions the very long feathers on the wings of birds -## plumage ## +# plumage -the smaller feathers that are all over the body of a bird +the smaller feathers that cover the body of a bird -## of love ## +# of love -Possible meanings are 1) "of faithfulness" or 2) "of a stork." The name of the stork meant "the faithful one" or "the loving one" because people knew that storks take very good care of their chicks. +The Hebrew word is uncertain. Possible meanings are 1) "of faithfulness" or 2) "of a stork." The name of the stork meant "the faithful one" or "the loving one" because people knew that storks take very good care of their chicks. -## on the earth ## +# on the earth "on the ground" -## crush them ## +# crush them The word "them" refers to the eggs. -## trample them ## +# trample them "step on them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/16.md b/job/39/16.md index 4720839db8..7d6ad37ff7 100644 --- a/job/39/16.md +++ b/job/39/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## She deals roughly ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "she" refers to the female ostrich. +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## her labor ## +# She deals roughly -the work that she does when she lays the eggs and takes care of the chicks +The word "She" refers to the female ostrich. -## might have been in vain ## +# her labor -If the chicks die, all of her work was a useless. AT: "might have been useless if the chicks die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +the work that she does when she lays the eggs -## deprived her of wisdom ## +# might have been in vain -"made her forget wisdom" +If the chicks die, all of her work was useless. AT: "might have been useless if the chicks die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## understanding ## +# deprived her of wisdom -See how you translated this in [Job 11:4](../11/04.md). +"made her forget wisdom" or "not given her wisdom" -## she laughs...its rider ## +# understanding -It is implied that she laughs because she is faster than the horse. AT: "she laughs...its rider, because the horse cannot run as fast as she can." \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Job 11:6](../11/04.md). + +# When she runs + +This verse is in contrast to her weakness in caring for her chicks. AT: "However, when she runs" + +# she laughs ... its rider + +It is implied that she laughs because she is faster than the horse. AT: "she laughs ... its rider because she can run faster than the horse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/19.md b/job/39/19.md index 76aaa0e583..e67353e317 100644 --- a/job/39/19.md +++ b/job/39/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Have you given the horse...a locust? ## +# General Information: -Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that he is the one who does these things and that Job is not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild horse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## clothe his neck ## +# Have you given the horse his strength? -The word "cloth" is a way of describing how Yahweh made the neck of the horse. AT: "make his neck." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have never given the horse his strength." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## his flowing mane ## +# Did you clothe his neck with his flowing mane? -the long hair that comes down from the neck of a horse and shakes when the horse moves +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot clothe his neck with his flowing mane." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## a locust ## +# clothe his neck with his flowing mane + +The horse's "mane" is spoken of as if it was clothing for the neck of the horse. AT: "made his flowing main to cover his neck like clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# flowing mane + +the long hair on the top of the neck of a horse + +# Have you ever made him jump like a locust? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are not able to make him jump like a locust." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a locust a large kind of grasshopper that can jump very far and very quickly -## snorting ## +# snorting a very loud sound that horses make with their nose \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/21.md b/job/39/21.md index 48821865cb..417f4f0df3 100644 --- a/job/39/21.md +++ b/job/39/21.md @@ -1,35 +1,47 @@ -## He paws ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "he" refers to the horse. The horse paws the ground because he is very excited to begin the fight. AT: "He paws with excitement." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## paws ## +# He paws + +The word "He" refers to the horse. The horse paws the ground because he is very excited to begin the fight. AT: "He paws with excitement and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# paws "digs at the ground with his hooves" -## mocks ## +# to meet the weapons + +Here "the weapons" represent the battle in which they are used. AT: "to join in the battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He mocks fear + +"He is not afraid at all" + +# mocks "laughs at" -## dismayed ## +# dismayed -"terrified" or "afraid" +"discouraged" -## turn back ## +# does not turn back -"run away from" +"does not run away" -## quiver ## +# quiver a container that holds arrows -## rattles ## +# rattles "shakes and makes noise" -## flank ## +# flank the side of a horse -## javelin ## +# javelin a long stick with a sharp end that people throw at their enemies \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/24.md b/job/39/24.md index 0b6ebdd2e9..cf5eb05871 100644 --- a/job/39/24.md +++ b/job/39/24.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## He ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "he" refers to the horse. +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## swallows up ground ## +# He -The horse runs over the ground so quickly that the ground passes by like water that a person drinks. AT: "runs very fast over the ground." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "He" refers to the horse. -## with fierceness and rage ## +# swallows up ground -"with big and quick movements." The horse is very excited, so he moves quickly and strongly. Because of this, the horse runs very fast. +The horse runs over the ground so quickly that the ground passes by like water that a person drinks. AT: "runs very fast over the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## at the trumpet’s sound ## +# with fierceness and rage -AT: "when someone blows a trumpet to announce that a battle has begun." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The horse is very excited, so he moves quickly and strongly. -## he cannot stand in one place ## +# at the trumpet's sound -AT: "he always rushes to the battle." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +It can be stated that someone blows the trumpet. AT: "when someone blows a trumpet to announce that a battle has begun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he says, ‘Aha ## +# he cannot stand in one place -The word "Aha" is a sound people make when they are happy about something. The horse is happy because he enjoys battles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"he is too excited to stand still" -## the thunderous shouts ## +# he says, 'Aha -It is implied that the horse hears these things. AT: "he hears the thunderous shouts..." +The word "Aha" is a sound people make when they discover something. The horse makes a sound because he has discovered the battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the outcries ## +# the thunderous shouts -"the war cries." People have special yells that they use in war to show who they are and their great strength and bravery and to scare the enemy. \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that the horse hears these things. AT: "he hears the thunderous shouts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the outcries + +"the battle cries." People have special shouts that they use in war to show their great strength and bravery and to scare the enemy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/26.md b/job/39/26.md index b4ca908e6b..79a386ae34 100644 --- a/job/39/26.md +++ b/job/39/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Is it by your wisdom...for the south? ## +# Connecting Statement: -The implicit answer to this question is "no." AT: "It is not by your wisdom...for the south." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Is it by your wisdom that the hawk soars ## +# Is it by your wisdom ... for the south? -AT: "It is not you who taughts the hawk to soar." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses this question to prove that Job is not as great as Yahweh. The implicit answer to this question is "no." AT: "It is not by your wisdom ... for the south." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## stretches out his wings ## +# stretches out his wings for the south -AT: "flies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the stretching out of his wings refers to flying. AT: "flies to the south" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for the south ## +# for the south In the biblical geography, birds fly south during the winter in order to live in warmer climates. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/27.md b/job/39/27.md index be2acf72d9..ed9ee4168a 100644 --- a/job/39/27.md +++ b/job/39/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Is it at your orders...nest in high places? ## +# Connecting Statement: -The implicit answer to this question is "no." AT: "It is not at your orders...nest in high places." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Is it at your orders ## +# Is it at your orders ... nest in high places? -AT: "Is it because you tell it to do so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Yahweh uses this question to prove that Job is not powerful enough to command the eagles. The implicit answer to this question is "no." AT: "You are not able to command the eagle to mount up and build his nest in high places." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## mounts up ## +# at your orders -AT: "flies up into the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The abstract noun "orders" can be stated as a verb. AT: "because you tell it to do so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## a stronghold ## +# mounts up + +This means he flies upward. AT: "flies up into the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a stronghold The high cliffs are strongholds for eagles because the animals that would want to eat them cannot reach them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/29.md b/job/39/29.md index 798360210e..aa9acf6cc0 100644 --- a/job/39/29.md +++ b/job/39/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## he searches for victims ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. + +# he searches for victims Here the word "he" refers to the eagle. -## his eyes see them ## +# victims -AT: "he sees them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"animals that he can kill and eat" -## where killed people are ## +# his eyes see them + +Here "his eyes" refer to the eagle. AT: "he sees them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# His young + +"The baby eagles." It may be helpful to state that this happens after the eagle kills and animal. AT: "After an eagle kills an animal, the baby eagles" + +# drink up blood + +"drink the blood of the animal that he killed" + +# where killed people are "where there are dead people." This phrase refers to dead bodies that are lying out in the open, not to bodies that are buried in the ground. -## there he is ## +# there he is -AT: "he is there to eat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +It can be made explicit that he comes to eat the dead bodies. AT: "he is there to eat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/39/intro.md b/job/39/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3c8d05da9c --- /dev/null +++ b/job/39/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Job 39 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter. Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation. Yahweh continues to speak in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's greatness ##### +Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited. Since Job cannot understand creation, he cannot truly understand Yahweh. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. Many of these questions focus on nature because Yahweh is the creator of the heavens and the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 39:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../38/intro.md) | [>>](../40/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/01.md b/job/40/01.md index c58fb0bed7..af4ec30dc1 100644 --- a/job/40/01.md +++ b/job/40/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Should anyone who wishes to criticize try to correct the Almighty ## +# Connecting Statement: -The expected answer to this question is, "No." AT: "No one who wants to criticize me should try to argue with me, for I am Almighty God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. + +# Should anyone who wishes to criticize try to correct the Almighty? + +Yahweh is rebuking Job. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one who wants to criticize me should try to argue with me, for I am Almighty God." or "You, a person, want to criticize me, Almighty God, but you should not try to correct me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He who argues with God, let him answer + +Yahweh speaks of Job and himself as if they were two other people to remind Job that no person anywhere should argue with God. AT: "You want to argue with me, so answer me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/03.md b/job/40/03.md index e7bb782fcf..c1c3aaa81c 100644 --- a/job/40/03.md +++ b/job/40/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I am insignificant ## +# See + +"Indeed" + +# I am insignificant "I am not important" -## how can I answer you ## +# how can I answer you? -AT: "I cannot answer you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Job uses this question to apologize for questioning God. AT: "I cannot answer you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/06.md b/job/40/06.md index f492f537a4..8282c618f0 100644 --- a/job/40/06.md +++ b/job/40/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## gird up your loins like a man ## +# gird up your loins like a man -This compares Job to a man getting ready for work. "Gird up your loins" means to tuck one robe up under their sash or belt, so the person can work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +A man who tucks his robe up under his sash or belt is preparing for hard physical work, and Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. See how you translated this in [Job 38:3](../38/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/08.md b/job/40/08.md index 0d9fb5280c..40cfbc516b 100644 --- a/job/40/08.md +++ b/job/40/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Will you actually say that I am unjust? ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "You are saying I am unjust." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh continues to challenge Job. -## Will you condemn me so that you may claim that you are right? ## +# Will you actually say that I am unjust? -AT: "You are condemning me so you can claim that you are innocent." (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The word "actually" indicates that Yahweh is surprised that Job would say that Yahweh is unjust and that Job should make sure that he really wants to say that. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am surprised that you are saying I am unjust." or "You should be sure that you want to say that I am unjust, because that is what you are saying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## arm like God's ## +# Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right? -AT: "strength like God's strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are condemning me so you can claim that you are innocent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## can you thunder with a voice like him ## +# an arm like God's -AT: "You certainly do not have a powerful voice like God's, who causes thunder". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The arm is a metonym for the strength in the arm. AT: "strength like God's strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Can you thunder with a voice like him? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You certainly cannot cause thunder with your voice the way God does with his." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a voice like him + +"a voice the way he does" or "a voice like his voice" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/10.md b/job/40/10.md index e36cd7aacb..b3bbe0a6de 100644 --- a/job/40/10.md +++ b/job/40/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Scatter around the excess of your anger; ## +# clothe yourself in glory and dignity; array yourself in honor and majesty -AT: "Reveal how angry you are at the pride of people;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The abstract nouns "glory," "dignity," "honor," and "majesty" are spoken of as if they were clothing that a person could put on. They can be translated as adjectives and verbs. AT: "make yourself glorious; do something great so people will respect you and honor you; make people think you are a great king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## look at everyone who is proud ## +# Scatter around the excess of your anger -AT: "look at all the proud people" +The abstract noun "anger" is spoken of as it it were something that usually could be held in a container, but in this situation there is so much of it that what does not fit needs to be spread around. It is also a metonym for the actions a person takes when he is angry. You may need to make explicit why the person is angry. AT: "Be angry because people are proud, and punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## bring him down ## +# bring him down -AT: "lower him in importance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"take away everything he is proud of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/12.md b/job/40/12.md index f225312ba0..17df541c3f 100644 --- a/job/40/12.md +++ b/job/40/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## imprison their faces ## +# their faces -AT: "imprison them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The "face" represents the whole person. AT: "them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## in the hidden place ## +# the hidden place -This is another way of saying "sheol" or "the place where Old Testament people went when they died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +a euphemism for the place where people's spirits go when they die (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/15.md b/job/40/15.md index 7b3f4ddf44..b127423ef8 100644 --- a/job/40/15.md +++ b/job/40/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## he eats ## +# behemoth -The word "he" refers to the behemoth. +a large water animal, possibly the hippopotamus -## like an ox ## +# he eats -This describes how the behemoth actually eats grass. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +the behemoth eats + +# eats grass like an ox + +Both the behemoth and the ox eat grass. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# loins ... belly's muscles + +These two phrases refer to the same part of the body. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/17.md b/job/40/17.md index 98fb657770..21d84fb68b 100644 --- a/job/40/17.md +++ b/job/40/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## like a cedar ## +# like a cedar -AT: "the way the branches of a cedar tree move" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Cedar is a very hard wood, and his tail becomes very hard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like tubes of brass ## +# like tubes of bronze Here, his bones are compared to tubes made of bronze to show how tough this animal is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like bars of iron ## +# like bars of iron -This last comparisons describes the strength of this great animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This last comparison describes the strength of this great animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/19.md b/job/40/19.md index 525a4100bf..fc4d1f763b 100644 --- a/job/40/19.md +++ b/job/40/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the hills provide him with food ## +# chief of the creatures -The author speaks about the hills as if they were people capable of providing him with food. AT: "Food grows on the hill for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"most important of the creatures" or "strongest of the creatures" -## lotus plant ## +# the creatures of God. Only God -a flowering plant that floats on top of the water in swampy areas. +Yahweh speaks as if he were another person. AT: "of my creatures. Only I, God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## reeds ## +# the hills provide him with food -tall grasses found in swamps or marshes. \ No newline at end of file +The hills are spoken of as if they were people capable of giving him food. AT: "food grows on the hills for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# lotus plants + +flowering plants that float on the water in swampy areas + +# reeds + +tall grasses found in swamps or marshes \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/22.md b/job/40/22.md index fbec956e7e..68cbce53dd 100644 --- a/job/40/22.md +++ b/job/40/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## lotus plant ## +# lotus plants -See how you translated this in [Job 40:19](./19.md) +flowering plants that float on the water in swampy areas. See how you translated this in [Job 40:19](./19.md). -## banks ## +# willows of the brook + +Willows are large trees that grow in damp ground. If they are unknown in your culture, you can use a general term for trees that grow near water. + +# banks sides of the river -## though a Jordan River should surge up to his snout ## +# though the Jordan should surge up to his mouth -AT: " even if the flood comes up to his nose." +"even if the flood of the Jordan should come up to his mouth" -## Can anyone capture him with a hook, … a snare? ## +# Can anyone capture him with a hook ... snare? -This is a rhetorical question to be answered in the negative. AT: "No one can capture him even with a hook or a snare." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one can capture him with a hook or pierce his nose through with a snare." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/40/intro.md b/job/40/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7c7c8950d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/40/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Job 40 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + + Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 40:1-2, 4-5, 7-24, which are extended quotations of Job and Yahweh. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Job's righteousness ##### +In seeking to defend his own righteousness, Job accuses Yahweh of being unjust. Yahweh asks a very important question: "Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right?" This is the essence of Job's error. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Irony ##### +Yahweh states, "He who argues with God, let him answer." Job immediately answers him. This is irony. While Job is forced to acknowledge the power of Yahweh, he does not repent of his former statements. Because of this, Yahweh asks him more questions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Animals ##### +There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 40:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../39/intro.md) | [>>](../41/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/01.md b/job/41/01.md index 8c4312284f..a68dac679d 100644 --- a/job/41/01.md +++ b/job/41/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -God continues speaking. He is using many rhetorical questions to challenge Joh. +# General Information: -## Can you draw out leviathan with a fishhook? ## +God continues speaking. He is using many rhetorical questions to challenge Job. -AT: "You cannot draw out leviathan with a fishhook". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Can you draw out Leviathan with a fishhook? -## Or tie up his jaws with a cord? ## +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that you cannot draw out Leviathan with a fishhook." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This is not a full sentence, but its meaning can be understood from the context as "Or can you tie up his jaws with a cord?" AT: "Or you cannot tie up his jaws with a cord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# draw out -## Can you put a rope into his nose, … with a hook? ## +pull out of the water -AT: "You cannot put a rope into his nose, or pierce his jaw through with a hook." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# his ... he -## Will he make many pleas to you? ## +The words "his" and "he" refer to Leviathan. -AT: "He will not make pleas to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Or tie up his jaws with a cord? -## Will he speak soft words to you? ## +This is not a full sentence, but its meaning can be understood from the context as "Or can you tie up his jaws with a cord?" This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "And you know that you cannot tie up his jaws with a cord." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "He will not speak soft words to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Can you put a rope into his nose ... with a hook? -## his, he ## +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that you cannot put a rope into his nose ... with a hook." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -The word "his" and "he" refer to Leviathan. \ No newline at end of file +# Will he make many pleas to you? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that he will not make pleas to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will he speak soft words to you? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that he will not speak soft words to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/04.md b/job/41/04.md index 221bcb36de..9c15b1c3ad 100644 --- a/job/41/04.md +++ b/job/41/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Will he make an agreement with you, that you should take him for a servant forever? ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "He will not make an agreement with you, that you should take him for a servant forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions. -## Will you play with him as you would with a bird? ## +# Will he make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever? -AT: " You will not play with him as you would play with a bird." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that he will not make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Will you tie him for your servant girls? ## +# he ... him -AT: "You will not tie him for your servant girls." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The words "he" and "him" refer to Leviathan. -## Will the groups of fishermen bargain for him? ## +# Will you play with him as you would with a bird? -AT: "The groups of fishermen will not bargain for him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that you cannot play with him as you would play with a bird." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Will they divide him up to trade among the merchants? ## +# Will you tie him up for your servant girls? -AT: "They will not divide him up to trade among the merchants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that you cannot tie him up for your servant girls." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Will they divide ## +# Will the groups of fishermen bargain for him? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that the groups of fishermen will not bargain for him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will they divide him up to trade among the merchants? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that they will not divide him up to trade among the merchants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will they divide "Will the groups of fishermen divide" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/07.md b/job/41/07.md index 912c550439..5e3c873a96 100644 --- a/job/41/07.md +++ b/job/41/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Can you fill his hide with harpoons or his head with fishing spears? ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "You cannot pierce his skin with your hunting weapons, nor can you pierce his head with fishing spears." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions. -## harpoon ## +# Can you fill his hide with harpoons or his head with fishing spears? -a large spear with a barbed point used to hunt large fish or whales. +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot pierce his skin with your hunting weapons, nor can you pierce his head with fishing spears." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## will not anyone be thrown down to the ground just by the sight of him? ## +# his ... him -"Anyone will be thrown down to the ground just by the sight of him". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "his" and "him" refer to Leviathan. + +# harpoons + +large spears with barbed points that people use to hunt large sea creatures + +# See + +"Pay attention to the important thing I am going to say" + +# will not anyone be thrown down to the ground just by the sight of him? + +This generalization can be translated as a statement in active form. AT: "Anyone who looks at him will be so frightened that he will throw himself on the ground." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the sight of him + +"by looking at him" or "by seeing him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/10.md b/job/41/10.md index a392acaa86..69b69d3c5d 100644 --- a/job/41/10.md +++ b/job/41/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## who, then, is he who can stand before me? ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "There is no one who can stand before me". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions. -## Who has first given anything to me, in order that I should repay him? ## +# None is so fierce that he dare stir Leviathan up; who, then, is he who can stand before me? -AT: "No one has first given anything to me, in order that I should repay him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +It would be easier to stir up Leviathan than to stand before Yahweh. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Since you know that no person is so fierce that he dare stir Leviathan up, you should certainly know that no one can stand before me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## nor about the matter of his strength ## +# Who has first given anything to me in order that I should repay him? -AT: "I will speak about the matter of his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that no one has first given anything to me, so there is no one whom I need to repay." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## nor about his graceful form ## +# he ... him -AT: "I will speak about his graceful form" - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "he" and "him" refer to a person. + +# I will not keep silent + +This can be translated in positive form. AT: "I will certainly speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# legs, nor about the matter of his strength + +You may need to add the omitted words. AT: "legs. I will also speak about the matter of his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# strength, nor about his graceful form + +You may need to add the omitted words. AT: "strength. I will also speak about his graceful form" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# his + +The word "his" refers to Leviathan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/13.md b/job/41/13.md index 2988ea81c0..b319cd0d11 100644 --- a/job/41/13.md +++ b/job/41/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Who can strip off his outer covering? ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "No one can strip off his outer clothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions. -## Who can penetrate his double armor? ## +# Who can strip off his outer covering? -AT: "No one can penetrate his very thick hide." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one can strip off his outer clothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Who can open the doors of his face … ? ## +# his -AT: "No one can pry his jaws apart … "(UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The word "his" refers to Leviathan. -## close together as with a close seal. ## +# Who can penetrate his double armor? -This means the scales are very close to one another and tightly bound together. \ No newline at end of file +The word "armor" is a metaphor for the hard scales or hide on his back. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one can penetrate his very thick hide." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who can open the doors of his face ... terror? + +This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one can pry his jaws apart ... terror." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# shields + +The word "shields" is a metaphor for Leviathan's hide. Both shields and Leviathan's hide protect well and deflect arrows and other weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tight together as with a close seal + +This means the "shields" are very close to one another and nothing can get between them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/16.md b/job/41/16.md index 2c6648a3cd..1e06d89432 100644 --- a/job/41/16.md +++ b/job/41/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## One is so near to another ## +# One is so near to another -"One row of shields is so near to another" +One row of shields is so near to another ([Job 41:15](./13.md)). -## them, they ## +# them ... they -The word "them" and "they" refer to the rows of shields. +The words "them" and "they" refer to the rows of shields ([Job 41:15](./13.md)). -## they cannot be pulled apart ## +# they cannot be pulled apart -AT: "people cannot pull them apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one can pull them apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from his snorting + +"when he snorts." A snort is a sound like a short snore. Another possible meaning is "from his sneezing" or "when he sneezes." + +# his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning dawn + +This means that his eyes are red as the morning dawn is red. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# his + +The word "his" refers to Leviathan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/19.md b/job/41/19.md index d9ab7b3131..ab13a17543 100644 --- a/job/41/19.md +++ b/job/41/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Out of his mouth go burning torches, sparks of fire leap out ## +# Out of his mouth go burning torches, sparks of fire leap out -AT: "Out of his mouth go burning torches, out of his mouth sparks of fire leap out." The same idea is expressed in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +God expresses the same idea in two different ways in order to emphasize the terrifying appearance of Leviathan. You can make this clear by adding the omitted words. AT: "Out of his mouth go burning torches, sparks of fire leap out of his mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Out of his nostrils goes smoke … to be very hot ## +# his -The smoke coming out of his nostrils is compared to a boiling pot on a fire.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The word "his" refers to Leviathan. -## nostrils ## +# nostrils -the two openings of the nose \ No newline at end of file +the two openings of the nose + +# smoke like a boiling pot + +Both the smoke and a boiling pot are very hot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# kindles coals into flame + +"causes coals to catch fire" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/22.md b/job/41/22.md index 5406f6d169..51fce9c0bf 100644 --- a/job/41/22.md +++ b/job/41/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## his, he ## +# his ... him -The words "his" and "he" refer to Leviathan. +The words "his" and "him" refer to Leviathan. -## they cannot be moved ## +# terror dances in front of him -AT: "no one can move them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "terror" can be translated as the verb "be afraid." AT: "when people see him coming, they are very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they cannot be moved + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one can move them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# His heart is as hard as a stone + +A rock or stone does not change and become soft. Possible meanings are 1) Leviathan's physical chest and the organs inside it are physically hard or 2) Leviathan is not afraid of anything or 3) Leviathan is spoken of as a person who kills without ever being sorry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a lower millstone + +"the hardest of rocks." The lower millstone is the larger and harder of the two rocks used to grind grain. It would be the hardest rock people could find. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/25.md b/job/41/25.md index 203bd534de..5f21640bb1 100644 --- a/job/41/25.md +++ b/job/41/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## even the gods become afraid; ## +# he ... himself ... him -AT: "even very strong people become afraid;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The words "he," "himself," and "him" refer to Leviathan. -## He thinks of iron as if it were straw ## +# the gods -AT: "He thinks of weapons made of iron as if they were weapon made of straw" This shows how ineffective these strong metals are against Leviathan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "mighty people" or 2) "very strong people" . -## and of bronze as if it were rotten wood ## +# He thinks of iron as if it were straw -AT: "He thinks of weapons made of bronze as if they were weapons made of rotten wood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +"He thinks of weapons made of iron as if they were weapons made of straw." Straw would not get through his hide, and iron weapons do not get through his hide. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# of bronze as if it were rotten wood + +You can make this clear by adding the omitted words. AT: "he thinks of weapons made of bronze as if they were weapons made of rotten wood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/28.md b/job/41/28.md index eaf02dfcf2..2b31264a50 100644 --- a/job/41/28.md +++ b/job/41/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## to him sling stones become chaff ## +# to him sling stones become chaff -This means that sling stones are no more useful than chaff in the wind against Leviathan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Chaff cannot hurt Leviathan, and sling stones are just as ineffective as chaff. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Clubs are regarded as straw ## +# him ... he ... His -This means that a club is no more effective than a piece of straw for beating Leviathan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The words "him," "he," and "his" refer to Leviathan. -## he laughs at the whirring flight of a spear ## +# Clubs are regarded as straw -The Leviathan is compared to a human being laughing at the futility of their battling against him by throwing spears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +A club made of straw would not hurt him, and a club made of wood would not hurt him. This can be translated in active form. AT: "He thinks of clubs as if they were straw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## His lower parts are like sharp pieces of broken pottery ## +# he laughs at the whirring flight of a spear -This says that his scales are sharp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The person throwing the spear hopes that the spear will kill Leviathan, but the writer speaks as if Leviathan knows the spear will not kill him and so laughs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## he leaves a spreading trail in the mud as if he were a threshing sledge ## +# he leaves a spreading trail in the mud as if he were a threshing sledge -This compares his tail to threshing sledge that scrapes the ground and leaves a mark as it moves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Just as a threshing sledge goes over grain on a threshing floor and turns it to powder, so Leviathan's tail leaves a trail in the mud as he wags it when he walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/31.md b/job/41/31.md index 624fee6f9a..6de23a78ae 100644 --- a/job/41/31.md +++ b/job/41/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## He makes the deep to foam up like a pot of boiling water ## +# He makes the deep to foam up like a pot of boiling water -AT: "As he passes through the water, he leaves a trail of bubbles behind him, like the bubbling of a pot of boiling water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"As he passes through the water, he leaves a trail of bubbles behind him, like the bubbling of boiling water in a pot" -## he makes the sea like a pot of ointment ## +# He -This means that he churns the sea like a jar of ointment would look after it was shaken thoroughly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The word "he" refers to Leviathan. -## one would think the deep to be white ## +# he makes the sea like a pot of ointment -This means that the water is all riled up as Leviathan swims by because of his size, causing a trail of bubbles. \ No newline at end of file +The ointment in a pot is cloudy if someone shakes it, and the sea is muddy when Leviathan swims in it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# one would think the deep had gray hair + +This is because the bubbles in his wake are white. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/33.md b/job/41/33.md index d1dda2a9ac..9b71454945 100644 --- a/job/41/33.md +++ b/job/41/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## there is no equal to him ## +# there is no equal to him -AT: "no other creature is like Leviathan" +"no other creature is like Leviathan" -## He sees everything that is proud; ## +# He sees everything that is proud -AT: "He is very, very proud;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"He is very, very proud" -## he is king over all the sons of pride ## +# him ... He -AT: "Leviathan is like a king of proud beings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "him" and "he" refer to Leviathan. + +# he is king over all the sons of pride + +Leviathan is spoken of as if he were a person who is able to become king and be proud. AT: "Leviathan has more reason to be proud than anyone else on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/41/intro.md b/job/41/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f94fe53e0b --- /dev/null +++ b/job/41/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Job 41 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation of Yahweh. It is a continuation of the previous chapter. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character and to convince Job to repent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Animals ##### + +There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 41:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../40/intro.md) | [>>](../42/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/42/01.md b/job/42/01.md index 4a8df5f3a2..96dddba4ea 100644 --- a/job/42/01.md +++ b/job/42/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## I know that you can do all things, that no purpose of yours can be stopped ## +# I know that you can do all things, that no purpose of yours can be stopped -AT: "I know that you can do all things. I know that no purpose of yours can be stopped." This is the same idea expressed in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +You may want to repeat the words "I know." AT: "I know that you can do all things. I know that no purpose of yours can be stopped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## no purpose of yours can be stopped ## +# no purpose of yours can be stopped -AT: "no one can stop any of your purpose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one can stop any of your plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Who is this without knowledge who brings darkness to my plans? ## +# Who is this who without knowledge conceals plans -AT: "It is a very arrogant person who dares to argue with me when he has no idea what I intend to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Most modern versions agree that Job is loosely quoting God's own words from [Job 38:2](../38/01.md). You may decide, as does the UDB, to make it clear that God asked this question of Job and that Job is now remembering it. AT: "You said to me, 'Who is this who has no knowledge, but who dares to hide my plans'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# conceals plans + +That is, hides or misrepresents God's plans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/42/04.md b/job/42/04.md index c5432e9d61..4ec7d91066 100644 --- a/job/42/04.md +++ b/job/42/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## but now my eyes see you ## +# but now my eye sees you -AT: "but now I really understand you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents understanding. AT: "but now I really understand you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## sit in dust and ashes ## +# despise myself -This was a cultural way of showing remorse and repentance. \ No newline at end of file +Job's self is a metonym for what he said. AT: "I despise the things I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# despise + +"intensely dislike" or "am unhappy with" + +# I repent in dust and ashes + +Sitting in dust and ashes is a symbolic act showing the person is sorry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/42/07.md b/job/42/07.md index df557a89da..9c40fdb540 100644 --- a/job/42/07.md +++ b/job/42/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## It came about that ## +# It came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Eliphaz the Temanite ## +# Eliphaz the Temanite -See how you translated this in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md) +See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md) -## seven bulls ## +# My wrath is kindled against you + +Fire is a metaphor for anger, and starting a fire is a metaphor for becoming angry. AT: "I have become very angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seven bulls "7 bulls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Bildad the Shuhite ## +# so that I may not deal with you after your folly -See how you translated this in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md) +The abstract noun "folly" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "even though you have been very foolish, I will not punish you as you deserve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Zophar the Naamathite ## +# Bildad the Shuhite -See how you translated this in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md) +See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md) -## Yahweh accepted Job ## +# Zophar the Naamathite -AT: "God accepted Job's prayer for his three friends" \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md) + +# Yahweh accepted Job + +The person is a metonym for the prayer he prays. AT: "God accepted Job's prayer for his three friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/42/10.md b/job/42/10.md index 4b6932fa97..f52b699060 100644 --- a/job/42/10.md +++ b/job/42/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## They sorrowed with him and comforted him ## +# Yahweh restored his fortunes -These two activities of sorrowing and comforting work together in the process of the restoration of Job. \ No newline at end of file +"Yahweh restored his riches" or "Yahweh restored his wealth" + +# all who knew him before + +"all the people he had known before" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/42/12.md b/job/42/12.md index 098f4c1479..8e66636179 100644 --- a/job/42/12.md +++ b/job/42/12.md @@ -1,31 +1,23 @@ -## more than the first ## +# more than the first -AT: "more than the first part of his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +You may need to add the omitted words. AT: "more than the first part of his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## fourteen thousand sheep ## +# fourteen thousand sheep 14,000 sheep (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## six thousand camels ## +# six thousand camels 6,000 camels (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## one thousand yoke of oxen ## +# one thousand yoke of oxen 1,000 yoke of oxen (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## seven sons and three daughters ## +# seven sons and three daughters -7 sons and 3 daughters +7 sons and 3 daughters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Jemimah ## +# Jemimah ... Keziah ... Keren-Happuch -Job's 1st daughter (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Keziah ## - -Job's 2nd daughter (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## the third Kerenhappuch ## - -AT: "the 3rd daughter Kerenhappuch" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +women's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/42/15.md b/job/42/15.md index cbc1177d6e..aea749cbdd 100644 --- a/job/42/15.md +++ b/job/42/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## no women were found as beautiful as Job’s daughters ## +# no women were found as beautiful as Job's daughters -AT: "Job's daughters were very, very beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"Job's daughters were more beautiful than all the other women" -## being old and full of years ## +# lived 140 years -These two short phrases have the same meaning. They are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +"lived 140 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# being old and full of days + +The words "full of days" means basically the same thing as "being old." The two phrases form a common idiom. AT: "a very old man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/42/intro.md b/job/42/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5bcbbe9a75 --- /dev/null +++ b/job/42/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Job 42 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 42:1-6, which is an extended quotation of Job. + +Having faced the temptation to curse Yahweh, and after being rebuked by him, in the end Job shows his complete trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Justice ##### +Yahweh enacts justice at the end of this book. He punishes Job's friends and restores Job's blessings. Yahweh's blessing was not dependent upon Job's repentance, but upon Yahweh's grace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Job 42:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../41/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/front/intro.md b/job/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9c66834c7a --- /dev/null +++ b/job/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +# Introduction to Job # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Job #### + +1. Job is introduced: position in life, his family, and his situation (1–2:13) + - Job's flawless life is presented (1:1–5, 20–22; 2:10) + - Satan seeks to test Job (1:6–12; 2:1–10) +1. The first set of speeches (3:1–14:22) + - Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar + - Job replies to each +1. The second set of speeches (15:1–21:34) + - Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar + - Job replies to each +1. The third set of speeches (22:1–31:40) + - Eliphaz and Bildad + - Job replies to each +1. Elihu speaks to Job (32:1–37:24) + - He calls on Job to take responsibility for his actions (32:1–33:33) + - He summarizes Job's complaints (34:1–9) + - He answers Job's first and second complaints (34:10–35:16) + - Elihu describes God's glorious deeds (36:1–37:24) +1. The Lord answers Job out of the whirlwind (38:1–41:34) +1. Job is humbled before God (42:1–6) +1. God rebukes Job's friends (except Elihu) (42:7–9) +1. God brings back prosperity to Job (42:10–17) + +#### What is the Book of Job about? #### + +The Book of Job presents a situation in which disaster comes to Job, even though he is faithful to Yahweh. The book asks why God permits trials and losses to come into the lives of those who worship him. The book explains that when this happens, it is more important to trust God and to find peace in him than it is to understand the reason for the suffering. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The Book of Job is named for Job, the main character in the book. His name is not related to the English word "job." Translators might choose to make the title clearer, for example, "The Book About Job." + +#### Who wrote the Book of Job? #### + +The author of the Book of Job is not known. Many suggest that Moses composed or compiled the book, but this is uncertain. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Does sin cause suffering? #### + +Although sin causes suffering, this does not mean that sin causes all suffering. It was generally believed in the Ancient Near East that a person suffered because of certain sins in his life or in the lives of his parents or ancestors. This is, in fact, what many religions teach. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### When did the events presented in the Book of Job take place? #### + +The story about Job is set in the time of the patriarchs—Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Very little is known for certain about the religious and cultural context of the book. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What style of writing is in the Book of Job? #### + +The beginning and the end of the Book of Job are mostly narrative, forming the introduction and conclusion. However, most of the book is poetry. This is well-suited to the lessons in the book, which apply equally well to people living in any time period. There are many examples of this philosophical kind of poetry from the ancient Near East. + +#### How do I translate the term "friends"? #### + +While the ULB uses the term "friends" in reference to Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar, this word is somewhat misleading. Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar are not really Job's friends. Instead, they try to persuade Job to say something about God that he believes is false. + +#### Is the Book of Job difficult to translate? #### + +Because Job is not connected with a specific historical context, the translator may wish to translate this book before other Old Testament books. On the other hand, the book of Job has many unique words and phrases, which make parts difficult to understand. The translator should be aware that this causes the book to be hard to translate. For this reason, translators may decide not to attempt to translate this book until they have gained much experience translating other portions of the Bible. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/01.md b/jol/01/01.md index 10fd4b2b3b..c273744529 100644 --- a/jol/01/01.md +++ b/jol/01/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + God speaks through Joel to the people of Israel using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Pethuel ## +# the word of Yahweh that came to Joel + +This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Joel. AT: "the message Yahweh gave to Joel" or "the message Yahweh spoke to Joel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# Pethuel Joel's father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Has this ever before happened in your days Or in the days of your ancestors? ## +# Has anything like this happened in your days or in the days of your ancestors? -AT: "This has never happened before either to you or your ancestors" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Joel is preparing the elders to listen to what he has to say. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Nothing like this has ever happened before either to you or to your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# their children the next generation + +You may need to fill in the words that have been left out. AT: "let their children tell the generation after them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/04.md b/jol/01/04.md index 236a401124..2d660c08df 100644 --- a/jol/01/04.md +++ b/jol/01/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## swarms of locusts ## +# the swarming locust -large groups of animals like grasshoppers that fly together and eat large areas of food crops (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +large groups of insects like grasshoppers that fly together and eat large areas of food crops (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## swarming locust...great locust...grasshopper...caterpillar ## +# swarming locust ... great locust ... grasshopper ... caterpillar These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/05.md b/jol/01/05.md index c1a5e03a61..834e08a7c2 100644 --- a/jol/01/05.md +++ b/jol/01/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + God warns the people of Israel about the coming locust army. -## you drunkards, and weep! Wail, all you drinkers of wine ## +# you drunkards, and weep! Wail, all you drinkers of wine If your language has only one word for "weep" and "wail," you can combine the lines: "you people who love wine should cry out in sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## a nation ## +# a nation The locust swarm is like an invading army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## His teeth...he has the teeth...he has made...he has stripped ## +# His teeth ... he has the teeth ... He has made ... He has stripped -The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nation as "it," or to the locusts as "they" (see UDB), or to the invader as one person (ULB). +The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nation as "it," or to the locusts as "they," or to the invader as one person. -## my land...my vineyard...my fig tree ## +# His teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he has the teeth of a lioness. + +These two lines share similar meanings. The reference to the locusts' teeth being as sharp as lions' teeth emphasize how fierce they are as they eat all of the crops of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my land ... my vineyard ... my fig tree Yahweh's land, vineyard, and fig tree -## terrifying ## +# terrifying -Those who see the land are appalled or horrified because it is completely destroyed. \ No newline at end of file +Those who see the land are very afraid because the invading nation has completely destroyed it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/08.md b/jol/01/08.md index 6fa1d58556..d113f400ec 100644 --- a/jol/01/08.md +++ b/jol/01/08.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -God continues speaking to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +God continues speaking to the people of Israel. + +# the ground is mourning + +Here the land is spoken of as if it were a person. These words could also be seen as a metonym for the people who are mourning or even as hyperbole, that the famine is so bad that even things that are not alive are mourning. AT: "the farmers are mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the grain has been destroyed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the locusts have destroyed all of the grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/11.md b/jol/01/11.md index df6ed34a9d..3cfb7c9735 100644 --- a/jol/01/11.md +++ b/jol/01/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + God continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## barley ## +# barley a type of grass, like wheat, whose seeds can be used to make bread (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## withered ## +# withered dried up and died -## fig...pomegranate...apple ## +# fig ... pomegranate ... apple different types of fruit (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/13.md b/jol/01/13.md index 43e434bb58..3f5b73bb71 100644 --- a/jol/01/13.md +++ b/jol/01/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + God speaks to the priests in Israel -## Put on sackcloth and mourn, you priests! Wail, you servants of the altar. Come, lie all night in sackcloth, you servants of my God ## - -God is telling the priests to humble themselves and cry out in sadness. AT: “All you priests mourn and wail and humble yourselves by spending all night in sackcloth” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## the grain offering and the drink offering ## +# the grain offering and the drink offering regular offerings in the temple -## the house of your God ## +# the house of Yahweh your God the temple in Jerusalem \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/15.md b/jol/01/15.md index f77adddcf9..d0ef179f33 100644 --- a/jol/01/15.md +++ b/jol/01/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + This is what God is telling the priests to say. -## Has not food been cut off before our eyes, and joy and gladness from the house of our God? ## +# With it will come destruction from the Almighty -AT: "We have seen our supplies of food used up, and they have cut off joy and gladness from the house of our God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated using the verb "destroy." You may need to make explicit what it is the Almighty will destroy. AT: "On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## from our eyes ## +# Has not food been cut off from before our eyes, and joy and gladness from the house of our God? + +It is certain that destruction will come from the Almighty because these things have already happened. This can be translated in active form. AT: "We know this is true because we have already seen the Almighty cut off our supply of food, and he has cut off joy and gladness from the house of our God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from before our eyes "from us." This refers to all of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## joy and gladness ## +# joy and gladness from the house of our God -If your language only has one word for "joy" and "gladness" you may translate these as one word. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +You may need to fill in the ellipsis. AT: "joy and gladness have been cut off from the house of our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## clods ## +# joy and gladness + +These two words mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that there is no kind of joyful activity happening at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# clods lumps of dirt \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/18.md b/jol/01/18.md index d99403fb75..0a72061bad 100644 --- a/jol/01/18.md +++ b/jol/01/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + God continues to tell the priests how they should pray for Israel. -## groan ## +# groan make a deep sound because of pain -## fire has devoured ... flames have burned ... ## - -These two similar phrases work together to show that all the land, whether cultivated or not, was destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## brooks ## +# brooks small streams \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/intro.md b/jol/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0e26badea2 --- /dev/null +++ b/jol/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Joel 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Joel is written in poetic form and with striking imagery. The ULB is written in poetic form but the UDB has been transferred to a prose form. If possible, use the poetic form to communicate the meaning of this book in order to stay closer to the original meaning of the text. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Locusts ##### +This book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and they progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of the whole land of Israel. + +It was common for farmers in the ancient Near East to experience large locust swarms that would come and eat all crops in their fields. Joel might be describing such attacks in this first chapter. Because Joel uses military terms and images to describe these locust attacks, his descriptions might represent enemy invaders who would come and destroy the land and its people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +The author also uses rhetorical questions that communicate surprise and alarm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joel 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Joel intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/01.md b/jol/02/01.md index 3ed5747156..77c6d06123 100644 --- a/jol/02/01.md +++ b/jol/02/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Joel continues poetry that began in the previous chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Blow the trumpet...sound an alarm ## +# Blow the trumpet ... sound an alarm Joel is emphasizing the importance of calling Israel together in preparation for the destruction that is coming. -## day of darkness and gloom ## +# day of darkness and gloom -Israel will experience a very bad time. AT: "a day that is full of darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "darkness" and "gloom" share similar meanings and emphasize that the darkness will be very dark. Both words refer to a time of disaster or divine judgment. AT: "day that is full of darkness" or "day of terrible judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## day of clouds and thick darkness ## +# gloom -This second phrase shows how intense this will be. AT: "a day of full darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +total or partial darkness -## gloom ## +# day of clouds and thick darkness -This can mean 1) sadness or 2) total or partial darkness +This phrase means the same thing as, and intensifies the idea of the previous phrase. Like that phrase, both "clouds" and "thick darkness" refer to divine judgment. AT: "day full of dark storm clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Like the dawn that spreads on the mountains, a large and mighty army is approaching ## +# Like the dawn that spreads on the mountains, a large and mighty army is approaching -AT: "A large, mighty army comes over the mountains into the land. They spread over the land like the light from the rising sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +When direct sunlight shines on a mountain at dawn, it begins at the top and spreads to the bottom. When an army comes over a mountain range, it comes over the top and spreads out as it comes down. AT: "A large, mighty army comes over the mountains into the land. They spread over the land like the light from the rising sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## a large and mighty army ## +# a large and mighty army -This can mean 1) a swarm of locusts (see UDB), AT: “A huge swarm of locusts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]), or 2) a large human army. \ No newline at end of file +The words "large" and "mighty" share similar meanings here and emphasize that the army will be very strong. The word "army" could possibly be 1) a metaphor for a swarm of locusts or 2) referring to a human army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/03.md b/jol/02/03.md index f233627490..c9ce475145 100644 --- a/jol/02/03.md +++ b/jol/02/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Joel's description of the coming army continues. -## land is like the garden of Eden ## +# A fire is consuming everything in front of it -The garden of Eden was a beautiful place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +A fire destroys everything as it moves, and the "army" ([Joel 2:2](./01.md)), whether of humans or of locusts, destroys everything as it moves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The land is like the garden of Eden in front of it, but behind it there is a ruined wilderness ## +# behind it a flame is burning -This is showing a contrast to highlight the destruction the fire is producing. \ No newline at end of file +After a wall of flame goes through dry land and burns the dryest and smallest fuel, there will still be flames as the larger and less dry fuel burns, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# land is like the garden of Eden + +The garden of Eden was a beautiful place, and the land was beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/04.md b/jol/02/04.md index 7d69585483..122717f07d 100644 --- a/jol/02/04.md +++ b/jol/02/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The description continues with the noises of an army of horses. -## horses ## +# The army's appearance is like horses -A large and fast animal with four legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +The head of a locust looks like a small horse head. The army is fast, and horses are fast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## The army's appearance is like horses ## +# horses -The head of a locust looks like a small horse head and the army is strong and fast like a horse. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +A large, strong, fast animal with four legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## they run like horsemen ## +# they run like horsemen -The army moves quickly, as men riding horses would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Men riding horses move quickly, and the army moves quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## jump ## +# jump A horse jumps or leaps as it runs quickly. -## a noise like that of of chariots...Like the noise of fiery flames...Like a mighty army ready for battle. ## +# a noise like that of chariots ... like the noise of fiery flames ... like a mighty army ready for battle -These are compared to the noise of the locust army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +These sounds would have been very frightening to Joel's readers. If your readers will not understand what these sound like, you might be able to use a more general phrase: "a noise that frightens everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/06.md b/jol/02/06.md index bb5922933d..09b1a3964d 100644 --- a/jol/02/06.md +++ b/jol/02/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Joel continues to describe the locust army of Yahweh. -## They run like mighty warriors…climb the walls like soldier ## +# They run like mighty warriors ... climb the walls like soldiers -The army of locusts are described as acting like real soldiers would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The army of locusts acts as real soldiers do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## walls ## +# walls walls around the cities \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/08.md b/jol/02/08.md index b168afe6ce..394f8b9f23 100644 --- a/jol/02/08.md +++ b/jol/02/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + The description of the locust army of Yahweh continues. -## they break through the defenses ## +# they break through the defenses -AT: they overcome the soldiers defending the city. \ No newline at end of file +they overcome the soldiers defending the city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/10.md b/jol/02/10.md index 7d83db1238..34a6ef4aa7 100644 --- a/jol/02/10.md +++ b/jol/02/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## The earth shakes in front of them, The heavens tremble, The sun and the moon are darkened, And the stars stop shining ## +# The earth shakes in front of them, the heavens tremble -There are so many locusts that the earth and sky shakes, and the all the objects in the sky cannot be seen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Joel speaks of the earth and heavens as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that the army is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the earth and the heavens are metonyms for the beings who live there. AT: "Everyone on earth and in the heavens is very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Yahweh raises his voice ## +# the sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars stop shining -Yahweh shows God's power and command over the army. AT: "Yahweh has control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This exaggeration claims that there are so many locusts that people cannot see the sun, moon, or stars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## great and very terrible ## +# Yahweh raises his voice + +"Yahweh speaks loudly" to give commands. + +# great and very terrible In this phrase both descriptions mean basically the same thing. AT: "greatly terrible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) -## Who can survive it? ## +# Who can survive it? -AT: "No one will be strong enough to survive Yahweh's judgement." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one will be strong enough to survive Yahweh's judgment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/12.md b/jol/02/12.md index 4166027645..57e3d3025e 100644 --- a/jol/02/12.md +++ b/jol/02/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Return to me with all your heart ## +# Return to me with all your heart -AT: "Turn away from your sins and be totally devoted to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). +The heart is a metonym for what the person thinks and loves. AT: "Turn away from your sins and be totally devoted to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). -## Tear your heart and not only your garments ## +# Tear your heart and not only your garments -Tearing one's clothes is an outward act of shame or repentance. "Tear you heart" refers to having an inward attitude of repentance as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The heart is a metonym for what the person thinks and loves. Tearing one's clothes is an outward act of shame or repentance. AT: "Change your way of thinking; do not just tear your garments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## turn from ## +# abundant in covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "faithfully." AT: "always faithful to his covenant" or "always loves faithfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# turn from stop \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/14.md b/jol/02/14.md index a7bfda818e..94d0a93a95 100644 --- a/jol/02/14.md +++ b/jol/02/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Will he perhaps turn...? ## +# Will he perhaps turn ... God? -AT: "Perhaps Yahweh will turn from his anger...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Perhaps Yahweh will turn from his anger ... God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# leave a blessing behind him, a grain offering and a drink offering + +"leave behind him a blessing—that is, a grain offering and a drink offering." The blessing is that plenty of grain and grapes will ripen, and so the people will be able to offer grain and drink offerings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/15.md b/jol/02/15.md index c9bcc73bfa..919c68bf1c 100644 --- a/jol/02/15.md +++ b/jol/02/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## bridal chambers ## +# bridal chambers rooms, usually in the parents' houses, where brides would wait for their wedding ceremonies \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/17.md b/jol/02/17.md index f3186081cb..52b6d9567b 100644 --- a/jol/02/17.md +++ b/jol/02/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## your inheritance ## +# do not make your inheritance into an object of scorn -the people of Israel, who are God's special people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"do not allow your inheritance to become people whom the other nations regard as worthless" -## Why should they say among the nations, where is their God? ## +# your inheritance -AT: "Other nations should not say the God of Israel has abandoned his people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). \ No newline at end of file +Here the people of Israel are spoken of as God's inheritance. AT: "your special people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why should they say among the nations, 'Where is their God?' + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Other nations should not be able to say, 'Their God does not help them.'" or "Other nations should not be able to say that the God of Israel has abandoned his people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/18.md b/jol/02/18.md index b3ff72d25f..c05ea0ee18 100644 --- a/jol/02/18.md +++ b/jol/02/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## his land ## +# his land "the nation of Israel" -## his people ## +# his people "the people of Israel" -## Look ## +# Look -"Pay attention to what I'm about to say" +"Pay attention to what I am about to say" -## a disgrace ## +# You will be satisfied with them + +"You will have all you need of them" + +# a disgrace "unworthy of respect" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/20.md b/jol/02/20.md index 80f2a5d44f..9afa8aac27 100644 --- a/jol/02/20.md +++ b/jol/02/20.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + God continues his promise to Israel. -## northern ... eastern ... western ## +# northern ... eastern ... western -These directions are from the perspective of people living in the land of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +These directions are from the perspective of people living in the land of Israel. + +# the eastern sea + +the Dead Sea + +# the western sea + +the Mediterranean Sea + +# he has done great things + +That is, Yahweh has done great things. Another possible meaning is that the writer speaks of the invading army, "it has done very bad things." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/21.md b/jol/02/21.md index f998e63ae9..3bb06b412a 100644 --- a/jol/02/21.md +++ b/jol/02/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Do not fear, land, ## +# Do not fear, land -"Do not be afraid, you people of the land," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +Joel speaks to the people of the land as if he were speaking to the land itself. AT: "Do not be afraid, you people of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## the wilderness will sprout ## +# Do not fear, beasts of the field -plants good for food will grow on the land +Joel speaks to people who own livestock as if he were speaking to the animals themselves. AT: "Do not be afraid, you people who own livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## autumn rain and the spring rain ## +# the pastures of the wilderness will sprout + +The pastures are a metonym for the plants that grow in the pastures. AT: "plants good for food will sprout in the pastures in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will ... bring down showers for you + +"he will ... cause much rain to fall so that you will live well" + +# autumn rain and the spring rain the first rains of the rainy season in early December and the last rains in April and May \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/24.md b/jol/02/24.md index 15ff020211..89f8f5b554 100644 --- a/jol/02/24.md +++ b/jol/02/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## vats ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Yahweh begins a long speech to the Israelites. + +# vats large containers for liquids -## the years of crops that the swarming locust has eaten ## +# the years of crops that the swarming locust has eaten -AT: “the crops that you took care of for years and that the swarming locusts have eaten” +"the crops that you took care of for years and that the swarming locusts have eaten" -## swarming locust...the great locust, the grasshopper and the caterpillar ## +# swarming locust ... the great locust, the devouring locust, and the destroying locust -See how you translated these words in [Joel 1:4](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file +These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language. See how you translated this in [Joel 1:4](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/26.md b/jol/02/26.md index 5350a08163..4009384c5b 100644 --- a/jol/02/26.md +++ b/jol/02/26.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues to promise good things for the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](./24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. + +# praise the name of Yahweh + +The name is a metonym for the person, specifically his reputation. AT: "praise Yahweh" or "praise Yahweh because everyone knows he is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the name of Yahweh ... who has done wonders + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to show that he will certainly do as he has said. AT: "my name ... because I have done wonders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/28.md b/jol/02/28.md index f6a8b96148..96a8699f0f 100644 --- a/jol/02/28.md +++ b/jol/02/28.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -God continues to promise good things for the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## I will pour out my Spirit ## +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](./24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -"I will give generously the way a person pours out water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# It will come about afterward that I -## all flesh ## +"This is what I will do after that: I" -all people \ No newline at end of file +# I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh + +Yahweh speaks of the Spirit as if he were speaking of water. AT" "I will give my Spirit generously to all flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all flesh + +Here "flesh" represents people. AT: "all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/30.md b/jol/02/30.md index f86d89808d..6adf109b14 100644 --- a/jol/02/30.md +++ b/jol/02/30.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking of things he will do in the future. +# General Information: -## the heavens and on the earth ## +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](./24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -This is a phrase that refers to the whole creation. - -## blood, fire and pillars of smoke ## +# blood, fire, and pillars of smoke "blood" is symbolizing the death of people. AT: "death, fire and pillars of smoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and the moon into blood ## +# The sun will turn into darkness -AT: "and the moon will turn red" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"The sun will no longer give light" -## great and terrible day ## +# the moon into blood -AT: "an important, fearful day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "blood" refers to the color red. You can supply the verb for this phrase. AT: "the moon will turn red like blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/32.md b/jol/02/32.md index de15ddc8c1..fed0c702b3 100644 --- a/jol/02/32.md +++ b/jol/02/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem ## +# General Information: -These refer to the same place. AT: "on Mount Zion in Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](./24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -## among the survivors, those whom Yahweh calls ## +# It will be that everyone -AT: "those whom Yahweh calls will be survivors" +"This is what will happen: everyone" -## survivors ## +# everyone who calls on the name of Yahweh will be saved + +The name is a metonym for the person. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will save everyone who calls on his name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem + +These refer to the same place. AT: "on Mount Zion in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# among the survivors, those whom Yahweh calls + +The missing phrase "there will be" can be added to the sentence. AT: "among the survivors there will be those whom Yahweh calls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# survivors people who live through a terrible event like a war or a disaster \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/intro.md b/jol/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c78093cfac --- /dev/null +++ b/jol/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Joel 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues in the poetic form with striking imagery of armies and soldiers. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Locusts ##### + +This book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of Israel. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +This chapter uses simile to a great extent as Joel tries to describe this army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +##### Metaphor ##### +The drought, or severe lack of rain, Joel describes is probably a real drought. It might also be a picture of either enemy invaders or of Yahweh himself coming to punish his people and the other nations. Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts and drought as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joel 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/01.md b/jol/03/01.md index ace15983cf..f45876a90b 100644 --- a/jol/03/01.md +++ b/jol/03/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -God continues to speak of future events. +# General Information: -## Behold ## +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. +# Behold -## in those days, and at that time ## +"Listen" or "Pay attention" -These two phrases point to a future time (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]). +# in those days and at that time -## when I return the exiles of Judah and Jerusalem ## +The phrase "at that time" means the same thing as and intensifies the phrase "in those days." AT: "in those very days" or "at that very time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -AT: "When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem" +# when I return the exiles of Judah and Jerusalem -## my people, and my inheritance Israel ## +"When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem" -These two phrases emphasize how Yahweh views Israel as his own precious people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]). +# Valley of Jehoshaphat -## traded a boy for a prostitute and sold a girl for wine, so they could drink ## +Jehoshaphat, whose name means "Yahweh judges," was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat. -This is only an example of the kinds of things they did. This is not what they did to two particular children. AT: "and did things like traded a boy for a prostitute and sold a girl for wine, so they could drink". \ No newline at end of file +# my people and my inheritance Israel + +These two phrases emphasize how Yahweh views Israel as his own precious people. AT: "the people of Israel, who are my inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# traded a boy for a prostitute, and sold a girl for wine so they could drink + +These are examples of the kinds of things they did and do not indicate what they did to two particular children. AT: "and did things like trading a boy for a prostitute and selling a girl for wine, so they could drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/04.md b/jol/03/04.md index 40a9977293..109f5bb357 100644 --- a/jol/03/04.md +++ b/jol/03/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -God speaks to the people of the nations that surround Israel. +# General Information: -## why are you angry at me ## +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -God uses this question to scold the people of Tyre, Sidon and Philistia. AT: "You have no right to be angry at me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +# why are you angry at me ... Philistia? -## Will you repay me? ## +Yahweh is encouraging the people of Judah, who can hear him, by scolding the people of Tyre, Sidon, and Philistia, who cannot hear him, as if they can. The names of the towns are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. These words can be translated as a statement. AT: "you have no right to be angry at me ... Philistia." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). -"Will you get revenge on me?" God uses this question to make the people think about what they are doing. AT: "You think you can get revenge on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +# Will you repay me? -## I will immediately return your retribution on your own head ## +"Will you get revenge on me?" God uses this question to make the people think about what they are doing. AT: "You think you can get revenge on me, but you cannot." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). -AT: “I will cause you to suffer the punishment that you tried to put on me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# I will immediately return your retribution on your own head -## retribution ## +Here the word "head" refers to the person. Yahweh will make them suffer the pain they wanted him to suffer. AT: "I will cause you to suffer the retribution that you tried to put on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -revenge" or "payback" or "punishment" \ No newline at end of file +# retribution + +"revenge" or "payback" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/07.md b/jol/03/07.md index c10f61dd18..c503a403c9 100644 --- a/jol/03/07.md +++ b/jol/03/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## leave the places into which you sold them ## +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. + +# Look + +"Pay attention" or "Listen" + +# out of the place where you sold them The people of Israel will leave the places where they were slaves and come back to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## your reward ## +# return payment -AT: "what you deserve" +"give back what you deserve" -## by the hand of the people of Judah ## +# I will sell your sons and your daughters, by the hand of the people of Judah -AT: "by the power of the people of Judah" or "by the people of Judah" +The hand can be a metonym for the power the hand exercises or a synecdoche for the person. AT: "I will have the people of Judah sell your sons and your daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Sabeans ## +# Sabeans -the people of Sabea, which is also called Sheba. These people lived south of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +the people of the land of Sabea (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/09.md b/jol/03/09.md index 949257de64..952a56137a 100644 --- a/jol/03/09.md +++ b/jol/03/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Prepare for war, rouse the mighty men ## +# General Information: -Both of these phrases are saying to prepare soldiers for war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. Here he begins an ironic call to the nations to prepare for a war in which Yahweh will completely destroy the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## Rouse the mighty men ## +# rouse the mighty men -"Make the mighty men ready for action" +"make the mighty men ready for action" -## Beat your plowshares into swords ... your knives into spears ## +# Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning knives into spears -They were being told to turn their tools into weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases share similar meanings. Both of them instruct the people to turn their farming tools into weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## plowshares ## +# plowshares tools that are used to break up the soil in order to plant crops -## pruning knives ## +# pruning knives knives that are used to cut off small branches \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/11.md b/jol/03/11.md index dbd1cd416c..85902e8516 100644 --- a/jol/03/11.md +++ b/jol/03/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## gather yourselves together ## +# General Information: -“gather yourselves together for battle." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -## Make your mighty warriors go down there, Yahweh ## +# Hurry and come ... together there -In the middle of this message to Israel's enemies, this sentence is addressed to Yahweh. Perhaps this was to make their enemies afraid of Yahweh's army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) \ No newline at end of file +These words continue the ironic call to battle that begins in [Joel 3:9](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# gather yourselves together + +The purpose of the gathering is for battle. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "gather yourselves together for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yahweh, bring down your mighty warriors + +Possible meanings are 1) Joel is telling the people of Judah that this is what they are to "proclaim among the nations" ([Joel 3:9](./09.md)) or 2) Joel interrupts the words of Yahweh and prays a short prayer. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/12.md b/jol/03/12.md index e3e6cadf9b..be7f7d095e 100644 --- a/jol/03/12.md +++ b/jol/03/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the nations. +# General Information: -## Put in the sickle ... the wine press is full ## +Yahweh finishes the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/24.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -Possible meanings are that 1) the attack on the sinful nations is like harvesting grain and crushing grapes, or 2) the urgency of judging the sinful nations is like the urgency of collecting ripe crops and crushing grapes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Let the nations wake themselves ... all the surrounding nations -## Put in the sickle ## +The words "the nations" and "the surrounding nations" refer to the same nations, those that surround Judah. Yahweh will judge them in the Valley of Jehoshaphat for what they have done to Jerusalem. -"Swing the sickle to cut the grain" +# Valley of Jehoshaphat -## sickle ## +Jehoshaphat, whose name means "Yahweh judges," was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat. See how you translated this in [Joel 3:2](./01.md). + +# Put in the sickle ... the winepress is full + +Possible meanings are that Yahweh speaks of completely destroying the nations as if 1) he were harvesting all the grapes and all the grain or 2) he were harvesting quickly, while the grain and grapes are ripe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe + +Yahweh speaks of making war against the nations as if he were using a sharp tool to harvest a field of ripe crops. If your readers will not understand the word "sickle," you may use the word for any sharp tool that your people use for harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Put in the sickle + +"Swing the sickle to cut the grain." This is a metaphor for a soldier using a sword to kill people, but it is best to use the word for a sharp tool used in harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sickle a long curved knife that people use for cutting grain -## the harvest is ripe ## +# the harvest is ripe -AT: "the grain is ready to be harvested" +"the grain is ready to be harvested" -## the vats overflow, for their wickedness is enormous ## +# Come, crush the grapes, for the winepress is full -Vats are large containers used to store grape juice. The vats are not large enough to hold the amount of juice that represents their sin. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of the nations as if they were many grapes in a winepress, ready for people to crush them by stepping on them. AT: "Come, completely destroy the nations, for they are many, and they are helpless to resist you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The vats overflow, for their wickedness is enormous + +Yahweh speaks of the nations' wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/14.md b/jol/03/14.md index 7d987f9b8c..ed3784d67b 100644 --- a/jol/03/14.md +++ b/jol/03/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## a tumult, a tumult ## +# a tumult, a tumult A tumult is noise caused by a large crowd. This is repeated to show that it will be very noisy from all the people. -## Valley of Judgment ... Valley of Judgment ## +# Valley of Judgment ... Valley of Judgment -This phrase is repeated to show that the judgement will certainly happen. \ No newline at end of file +This phrase is repeated to show that the judgment will certainly happen. + +# Valley of Judgment + +There is no known place with this name. The abstract noun "judgment" can be translated using the verb "judge." AT: "Valley Where Yahweh Judges" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/16.md b/jol/03/16.md index 779e5656c9..86172d85fd 100644 --- a/jol/03/16.md +++ b/jol/03/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Yahweh will roar from Zion, and raise his voice from Jerusalem ## +# General Information: -Both phrases mean Yahweh will shout with a loud, clear and powerful voice from Jerusalem. If your language only has one word for yell this can be used as one phrase. AT: "Yahweh will shout from Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh begins speaking in verse 17. -## The heavens and earth will shake ## +# Yahweh will roar from Zion, and raise his voice from Jerusalem -The word "shake" refers to shaking in fear. The heavens and the earth are used to refer to everything in existence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Both phrases mean Yahweh will shout with a loud, clear and powerful voice from Jerusalem. If your language only has one word for speaking very loudly, this can be used as one phrase. AT: "Yahweh will shout from Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Yahweh will be a shelter for his people, and a fortress for the people of Israel ## +# Yahweh will roar -Both of these phrases mean Yahweh will protect his people. A fortress is a strong shelter used to protect people during war. AT: "Yahweh will be a strong fortress for his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh will roar like a lion" or 2) "Yahweh will roar like thunder." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The heavens and earth will shake + +Joel speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that Yahweh's roar is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the heavens and earth are metonyms for the beings who live there. AT: "Everyone in the heavens and on the earth is very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will shake + +This word is the past form of the word translated "tremble" in [Joel 2:10](../02/10.md). + +# Yahweh will be a shelter for his people, and a fortress for the people of Israel + +Both of these phrases mean Yahweh will protect his people. A fortress is a strong shelter used to protect people during war. AT: "Yahweh will be a strong fortress for his people, the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# So you will know + +"When I do these things, you will know" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/18.md b/jol/03/18.md index e67df59687..ec2b361257 100644 --- a/jol/03/18.md +++ b/jol/03/18.md @@ -1,33 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + God continues to speak about the day of the Lord. -## the mountains will drip with sweet wine ## +# It will come about on that day that the mountains + +"This is what will happen on that day: the mountains" Translate "It will come about" as in [Joel 2:28](../02/28.md). + +# the mountains will drip with sweet wine "sweet wine will drip from the mountains." This is an exaggeration to show that the land is very fertile. AT: "On the mountains there will be vineyards that produce plenty of sweet wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## the hills will flow with milk ## +# the hills will flow with milk -"milk will flow from the hills." AT: "on the hills your cattle and goats will produce plenty of milk" +"milk will flow from the hills." The land being very fertile is spoken of as if the hills would flow with milk. AT: "on the hills your cattle and goats will produce plenty of milk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## all the brooks of Judah will flow with water ## +# all the brooks of Judah will flow with water "water will flow through all the brooks of Judah" -## and water the Valley of Acacia ## +# water the Valley of Shittim -AT: "and will send water to the Valley of Acacia" +"will send water to the Valley of Shittim" -## Egypt will become an abandoned devastation ## +# Shittim -AT: "Egypt will be destroyed and people will leave it" or "Enemy nations will destroy Egypt and the people of Egypt will leave their country" +the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means "Acacia Trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Edom will become an abandoned wilderness ## +# Egypt will become an abandoned devastation -"Edom will become a wilderness and people will leave it" +"Everyone will leave Egypt and no one will live there" -## because of the violence done to the people of Judah ## +# Edom will become an abandoned wilderness + +"Everyone will leave Edom and it will look like no people have ever lived there" + +# because of the violence done to the people of Judah "because of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah" -## because they shed innocent blood in their land ## +# because they shed innocent blood in their land -"Innocent blood" refers to innocent people who were killed. AT: "because Egypt and Edom killed innocent people in their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "they" refers to "Edom" and "Egypt" and is a metonym for the people of Egypt and Edom. The words "innocent blood" are a metonym for innocent people whom they have killed. AT: "because the people of Egypt and the people of Edom killed innocent people in the land of the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/20.md b/jol/03/20.md index d6a3c85bef..8d7b4aded5 100644 --- a/jol/03/20.md +++ b/jol/03/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to speak about the day of the Lord. -## Judah will live forever ## +# Judah will be inhabited forever -AT: "There will always be people leaving in Judah" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will live in Judah forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Jerusalem will live from generation to generation ## +# Jerusalem will be inhabited from generation to generation -AT: "Generation after generation, there will be people living in Jerusalem" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "generation after generation, people will live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I will avenge their blood that I have not yet avenged ## +# I will avenge their blood that I have not yet avenged -AT: "I will punish the enemies who killed the people of Israel and still have not been punished" \ No newline at end of file +Blood is a metonym for death. AT: "I will punish the enemies who killed the people of Israel and still have not been punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/intro.md b/jol/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..42df0521b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/jol/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Joel 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +There is a change in focus in this chapter from the people of Israel to her enemies. The events of this chapters also contain many prophecies about the events of the end of this world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Israel ##### +The mention of Israel in this chapter is probably a reference to the people of Judah and not the northern kingdom of Israel. It is also possible this is a reference to the people of Israel as a whole. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joel 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/front/intro.md b/jol/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3204ebf8e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/jol/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +# Introduction to Joel # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Joel #### + +1. Judgment and the day of Yahweh (1:1–2:11) + - An army like locusts, like the coming Judgment (1:1–20) + - The day of Yahweh (2:1–11) +1. Restoration and the mercy of Yahweh + - The people should turn to Yahweh, for he will pity them (2:12–27) + - The Spirit of Yahweh, wonders, and salvation (2:28–32) +1. Yahweh will judge the nations + - Yahweh judges the nations (3:1–16) + - Yahweh dwells in Zion (3:17–21) + +#### What is the Book of Joel about? #### + +The major theme of Joel is the "day of Yahweh". This expression is found five times in Joel (1:15; 2:1; 11, 21; and 3:14); this phrase is also found in thirteen places in Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Amos, Obadiah, Zephaniah, and Malachi. This "day" is the time when Yahweh will judge and punish his people, and also the other nations. The time will come when Yahweh will put an end to the rebellion and sin of his people and of all the nations. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"The Book of Joel" may also be called the "The Book about Joel" or "The Sayings of Joel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Joel? #### + +The prophecies in this book are messages given by Yahweh to Joel, son of Pethuel, who is otherwise unknown to us. It was traditionally thought that Joel lived in the time of the northern and southern kingdoms, perhaps during the reign of King Joash of Judah in the second part of the seventh century BC. However, most scholars today think that Joel probably lived in post-exilic times, after the Jews had returned to Judah from Babylonia. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the meaning of the locust attacks in Joel 1 and 2, and of the drought in Joel 2? #### + +It was common for farmers in the ancient Near East to experience massive locust attacks. Millions of these insects would come and eat all crops in their fields. Joel might be describing such attacks in the first two chapters. But because Joel uses military terms and images to describe these locust attacks, it is easy to think that his descriptions might instead be a picture of the enemy invaders who would come and destroy the land and its people. + +In the same manner, the drought (severe lack of rain) that Joel describes might be a real drought, or it might be a picture of either enemy invaders or of Yahweh himself coming to punish his people and the other nations. + +Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts and drought as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. + +#### What kind of picture of the future does Joel present? #### + +Joel presents a picture of the future that God will bring about. In this picture, God will defeat Israel's enemies, rebuild the city of Jerusalem, and rule as victorious king over the whole world. At the same time, God will give his Spirit to all his servants, who will receive messages from him in dreams and visions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How should one translate the poetry of the Book of Joel? #### + +All of the text in the Book of Joel is poetry, as is represented in the ULB. The UDB, however, presents the text as prose, because many translators will choose to use prose in their versions. Translators who wish to translate the book as poetry should read about poetry and parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/01/01.md b/jon/01/01.md index 3e0831874a..e30f176db8 100644 --- a/jon/01/01.md +++ b/jon/01/01.md @@ -1,47 +1,67 @@ -## Yahweh ## +# the word of Yahweh came -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the note on the Important Term page concerning how to translate this. +This is an idiom that means Yahweh spoke. "Yahweh spoke his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Amittai ## +# the word of Yahweh + +"the message of Yahweh" + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# Amittai This is the name of Jonah's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Get up and go to Nineveh, that great city ## +# Get up and go to Nineveh, that great city -"Go to the important city of Nineveh"​ +"Go to the important city of Nineveh" -## speak out against it ## +# Get up and go -"warn the people" (UDB) +This is a common expression for traveling to distant places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## their wickedness has risen up before me ## +# speak out against it + +God is referring to the people of the city. AT: "warn the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their wickedness has risen up before me "I know they have been continually sinning" -## got up to run away from the presence of Yahweh ## +# got up to run away from the presence of Yahweh -"ran away from Yahweh" +"ran away from Yahweh." "got up" is referring to Jonah leaving where he was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and go to Tarshish ## +# the presence of Yahweh -"and to go to Tarshish" or "and went to Tarshish." The fact that Tarshish was in not in the same direction as Nineveh can be made explicit: "and went in the wrong direction toward Tarshish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here Yahweh is represented by his presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He went down to Joppa ## +# go to Tarshish + +"and went to Tarshish." Tarshish was in the opposite direction to Nineveh. This can be made explicit. AT: "went in the opposite direction, toward Tarshish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He went down to Joppa "Jonah went to Joppa" -## ship ## +# ship -This is like a truck that floats on water. +A "ship" is a very large type of boat that can travel on the sea and carry many passengers or heavy cargo. -## So he paid the fare ## +# So he paid the fare "There Jonah paid for the trip" -## and boarded the ship ## +# boarded the ship -"and got on the ship" +"got on the ship" -## with them ## +# with them -The word "them" refers to the others who were going on the ship. \ No newline at end of file +The word "them" refers to the others who were going on the ship. + +# away from the presence of Yahweh + +Here Yahweh is represented by his presence. AT: "away from Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/01/04.md b/jon/01/04.md index a6e27ed50b..fa7c7f9963 100644 --- a/jon/01/04.md +++ b/jon/01/04.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## Soon it appeared ## +# Soon it appeared -This can also be translated as "The men thought" +It can be made explicit who thought the ship would be broken up. AT: "The men thought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to be broken up ## +# to be broken up -"to break apart" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to break apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Then the sailors ## +# the sailors -"Then the men who worked on the ship" +the men who worked on the ship -## his own god ## +# his own god -The word “god” is used to refer to false gods and idols that people worship. +Here "god" refers to false gods and idols that people worship. -## They threw the ship's cargo ## +# They threw the ship's cargo -"The men threw the heavy things off the ship" +"The men threw the heavy things off the ship." This was done to keep the ship from sinking. -## to lighten it ## +# to lighten it -This can also be translated as "to help the ship float better." +Making the ship lighter would make if float better. AT: "to help the ship float better" -## But Jonah had gone down into the innermost parts of the ship ## +# But Jonah had gone down into the innermost parts of the ship Jonah did this before the storm started. -## down into the innermost parts of the ship ## +# down into the innermost parts of the ship -This can be translated as "inside the ship." +"inside the ship" -## was lying there deeply asleep ## +# was lying there deeply asleep -"was lying there fast asleep" or "was lying there and sleeping deeply." For this reason the storm did not wake him up. \ No newline at end of file +"was lying there fast asleep" or "was lying there and sleeping deeply." For this reason, the storm did not wake him up. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/01/06.md b/jon/01/06.md index 9b1a3db618..53235a5e83 100644 --- a/jon/01/06.md +++ b/jon/01/06.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## So the captain came to him and said to him ## +# So the captain came to him and said to him "The man in charge of the ship went to Jonah and said" -## What are you doing, sleeping? ## +# What are you doing sleeping? -"Why are you sleeping?" He used this rhetorical question to scold Jonah. It can also be translated as a command: "Stop sleeping!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"Why are you sleeping?" He used this rhetorical question to scold Jonah. AT: "Stop sleeping!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Call upon your god! ## +# Get up! -"Pray to your god!" The reason "god" is not capitalized is because the captain did know that Jonah's god was the one true God. +This refers to doing some activity. For Jonah, the Captain is telling him to wake up and pray to his god for safe passage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Maybe your god will notice us and we will not perish ## +# Call upon your god! -The implicit information that Jonah's god might save them could be made explicit. "Maybe your god will hear and save us so that we will not die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"Pray to your god!" "Call" refers to getting the attention of someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## They all said to each other ## +# Maybe your god will notice us and we will not perish -"The men on the ship said to each other" or "The sailor all said to each other" +The implicit information that Jonah's god might save them could be made explicit. AT: "Maybe your god will hear and save us so that we will not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Come, let us throw lots, so that we may know who is the cause of this evil that is happening to us ## +# They all said to each other -"We should throw lots to know who has caused this trouble." The men believed that the gods would control how the lots fell in order to tell them what they wanted to know. +"The sailors all said to each other" -## This evil ## +# Come, let us cast lots, so that we may know who is the cause of this evil that is happening to us + +"We should cast lots to know who has caused this trouble." The men believed that the gods would control how the lots fell in order to tell them what they wanted to know. This was a form of divination. + +# this evil This refers to the terrible storm. -## the lot fell to Jonah ## +# the lot fell to Jonah "the lot showed that Jonah was the guilty person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/01/08.md b/jon/01/08.md index 206b7af65b..01d997a7b6 100644 --- a/jon/01/08.md +++ b/jon/01/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Then they said to Jonah ## +# Then they said to Jonah "Then the men who were working on the ship said to Jonah" -## Please tell us who is the cause of this evil that is happening to us. ## +# Please tell us who is the cause of this evil that is happening to us. "Who caused this bad thing that is happening to us?" -## What is this that you have done? ## +# fear Yahweh -The men on the ship used this rhetorical question to show how upset they were with Jonah. This could also be translated as "Why have you done this?" or "You have done a terrible thing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The word "fear" refers Jonah having a deep respecting God. -## he was running away from the presence of Yahweh ## +# What is this that you have done? -"Jonah was running away from Yahweh" +The men on the ship used this rhetorical question to show how upset they were with Jonah. AT: "You have done a terrible thing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## because he had told them ## +# he was running away from the presence of Yahweh -AT: "because he had told them 'I am trying to get away from Yahweh.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh is represented by his presence. Jonah was seeking to escape Yahweh as if Yahweh was present only in the land of Israel. AT: "Jonah was running away from Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because he had told them + +What he told them can be stated clearly. AT: "because he had told them 'I am trying to get away from Yahweh'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/01/11.md b/jon/01/11.md index 4c83242399..f40774595f 100644 --- a/jon/01/11.md +++ b/jon/01/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## they said to Jonah ## +# they said to Jonah "the men on the ship said to Jonah" or "the sailors said to Jonah" -## do to you so that the sea will calm down ## +# do to you so that the sea will calm down -"do with you in order to make the sea become calm" (UDB) +"do with you in order to make the sea become calm" -## the sea became more and more violent ## +# the sea became more and more violent -This was the reason that the men asked Jonah what they should do. The reason can also be at the beginning of the verse 11 it is in the UDB. +This was the reason that the men asked Jonah what they should do. The reason can also be found at the beginning of verse 11 in the UDB. -## for I know that it is because of me that this great storm is happening to you ## +# for I know that it is because of me that this great storm is happening to you -"because I know this large storm is my fault" +"because I know this huge storm is my fault" -## Nevertheless, the men rowed hard to get them back to the land ## +# Nevertheless, the men rowed hard to get them back to the land -The reason they did this can be stated explicitly: "But the men did not want to throw Jonah into the sea, so they rowed hard to get back to land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The men did not want to throw Jonah into the sea, so they rowed hard as if they were digging into the water to get back to land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## sea grew more and more violent ## +# the sea was becoming more and more violent -"the storm became worse and the waves became bigger" \ No newline at end of file +"the storm became worse, and the waves became bigger" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/01/14.md b/jon/01/14.md index fab29f0922..c04887d8d0 100644 --- a/jon/01/14.md +++ b/jon/01/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Therefore ## +# Therefore -This can also be translated as "Because the sea became more violent." +It was the result of the storm getting worse that triggered the next response. AT: "Because the sea became more violent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they cried out to Yahweh ## +# they cried out to Yahweh "the men prayed to Yahweh" -## do not let us perish on account of this man’s life ## +# do not let us perish on account of this man's life -"Please do not kill us because we cause this man to die" or "We are going to cause this man to die. But please do not kill us." +"Please do not kill us because we caused this man to die" or "We are going to cause this man to die. But please do not kill us" -## and do not lay upon us the guilt of his death ## +# do not lay upon us the guilt of his death -"and please do not blame us for his death" or "and do not consider us guilty when this man dies" +"please do not blame us for his death" or "do not consider us guilty when this man dies." The author speaks of "guilt" as if it were an object that can be placed on top of a person. It refers to making that person accountable for their actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the sea stopped raging ## +# the sea stopped raging -"the sea stopped moving violently" or "the sea became calm" (UDB) +"the sea stopped moving violently" or "the sea became calm" -## feared Yahweh very much ## +# feared Yahweh very much -"became greatly awed at Yahweh's power" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"became greatly awed at Yahweh's power" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/01/17.md b/jon/01/17.md index 53cbce2d51..38a8145099 100644 --- a/jon/01/17.md +++ b/jon/01/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Some versions number this verse as the first verse of chapter 2. You may want to number the verses according to the main version that your language group uses. -## Now ## +# Now This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story. -## three days and three nights ## +# three days and three nights "three days and nights" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/01/intro.md b/jon/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..577c31f00d --- /dev/null +++ b/jon/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Jonah 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The narrative of this chapter starts abruptly. This could cause difficulty for the translator. The translator should not attempt to smooth this introduction unless absolutely necessary. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Miracle ##### + +In verse [Jonah 17](./17.md), there is the mention of "a great fish." It may be difficult to imagine a sea creature big enough to swallow a man whole and who then survives for three days and nights inside. Translators should not try to explain miraculous events in an attempt to make it easier to understand. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Situational irony ##### + +There is an ironic situation in this chapter. Jonah is a prophet of God and should endeavor to do God's will. Instead, he is running away from God. Although the Gentile sailors are not Israelites, they act out of faith and fear of Yahweh when sending Jonah to a "certain death" by throwing him overboard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### Sea ##### + +People in the ancient Near East also saw the sea as chaotic and did not trust it. Some of the gods they worshiped were gods of the sea. Jonah's people, the Hebrews, feared the sea greatly. However, Jonah's fear of Yahweh was not enough to keep him from going into a ship and sailing to get away from Yahweh. His actions are contrasted by the actions of the Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Implicit knowledge ##### + +Even though scholars are not sure of the exact location of Tarshish, it was in the exact opposite direction of where God told Jonah to go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jonah 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Jonah intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/02/01.md b/jon/02/01.md index 04efa8a1b7..b416082844 100644 --- a/jon/02/01.md +++ b/jon/02/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Yahweh his God ## +# Yahweh his God -This means "Yahweh, the God he worshipped." The word "his" does not mean that Jonah owned God. +This means "Yahweh, the God he worshiped." The word "his" does not mean that Jonah owned God. -## He said ## +# He said "Jonah said" -## I called out to Yahweh about my distress ## +# I called out to Yahweh about my distress -"I prayed to Yahweh about my great trouble." Even though Jonah was praying to Yahweh, he used Yahweh's name here. This could also be translated with the pronoun "you" as in "Yahweh, I called out to you about my distress." +"I prayed to Yahweh about my great trouble." Even though Jonah was praying to Yahweh, he used Yahweh's name here and not "you." AT: "Yahweh, I called out to you about my distress" -## he answered me ## +# he answered me "Yahweh responded to me" or "he helped me" -## from the belly of Sheol ## +# from the belly of Sheol -"from the center of Sheol" or "from the deep part of Sheol." Jonah believed that he was about to die and go to Sheol. He spoke as if he already had died and gone there. \ No newline at end of file +"from the center of Sheol" or "from the deep part of Sheol." Possible meanings are 1) Jonah was speaking as being in the belly of the whale was being in Sheol or 2) Jonah believed that he was about to die and go to Sheol or 3) He spoke as if he already had died and gone there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/02/03.md b/jon/02/03.md index dd2c5f77a4..e6a4da6f08 100644 --- a/jon/02/03.md +++ b/jon/02/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -This is a continuation of Jonah's prayer that started in [Jonah 2:1](./01.md). In verse 4 Jonah spoke of something he had prayed before this prayer. +# General Information: -## into the heart of the seas ## +This is a continuation of Jonah's prayer that started in [Jonah 2:2](./01.md). In verse 4 Jonah spoke of something he had prayed before this prayer. + +# into the depths, into the heart of the seas + +This speaks of the vastness of the ocean Jonah was in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# into the heart of the seas "to the bottom of the sea" -## the currents surrounded me ## +# the currents surrounded me "the sea water closed in around me" -## I am driven out ## +# waves and billows -This can be translated with an active clause: "You have driven me away" or "You have sent me away." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These are disturbances on the surface of the ocean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## from before your eyes ## +# I am driven out -"from you." When Jonah said "your eyes" he was speaking about all of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You have driven me away" or "You have sent me away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## How can I ever again gaze at your holy temple?" ## +# from before your eyes -Jonah used this rhetorical question to show how sad he was that he would never see Yahweh's temple again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh is represented by his "eyes." AT: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# yet I will again look toward your holy temple + +Jonah has hope that, in spite of all he is going through, he will see the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/02/05.md b/jon/02/05.md index 966e3333ae..3368e46599 100644 --- a/jon/02/05.md +++ b/jon/02/05.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -This is a continuation of Jonah's prayer that started in [Jonah 2:1](./01.md). +# General Information: -## The waters ## +This is a continuation of Jonah's prayer that started in [Jonah 2:2](./01.md). + +# The waters "The waters" refers to the sea. -## to take my life ## +# my neck -"and were about to kill me." +Some versions understand the Hebrew word in this expression to mean "my life." In that interpretation, the waters were about to take away Jonah's life. -## the deep was all around me ## +# the deep was all around me "the deep water was all around me" -## seaweed ## +# seaweed "grass that grows in the sea" -## The earth with its bars closed upon me for ever ## +# the earth with its bars closed upon me forever -Jonah used a metaphor to compare the earth to a prison. It can also be translated as a simile. “The earth was like a prison that was about to lock me in forever.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jonah used a metaphor to compare the earth to a prison. AT: "the earth was like a prison that was about to lock me in forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Yet you brought up my life from the pit ## +# Yet you brought up my life from the pit -"But you saved my life from the place of the dead" or "But you saved me from the place where the dead people are" +Jonah speaks of the place of the dead as if it were a pit. AT: "But you saved my life from the place of the dead" or "But you saved me from the place where the dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## O Yahweh, my God! ## +# Yahweh, my God! -In some languages it may be more natural to put this at the beginning of the sentence or next to the word "you". \ No newline at end of file +In some languages, it may be more natural to put this at the beginning of the sentence or next to the word "you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/02/07.md b/jon/02/07.md index 579231c7a2..b81d6d0889 100644 --- a/jon/02/07.md +++ b/jon/02/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -This is a continuation of Jonah's prayer that started in [Jonah 2:1](./01.md). +# General Information: -## I remembered Yahweh ## +This is a continuation of Jonah's prayer that started in [Jonah 2:2](./01.md). -Since Jonah was praying to Yahweh, it might be more clear in some languages to say "I thought about you, Yahweh" or "Yahweh, I thought about you." (UDB) +# I called Yahweh to mind -## then my prayer came to you, to your holy temple ## +Since Jonah was praying to Yahweh, it might be more clear in some languages to say "I thought about you, Yahweh" or "Yahweh, I thought about you." -"then you in your holy temple heard my prayer" +# then my prayer came to you, to your holy temple -## Those who pay attention to useless gods ## +Jonah speaks as if his prayers could travel to God and his temple. AT: "then you in your holy temple heard my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Those who pay attention to useless gods "People who pay attention to useless gods" -## reject your faithfulness toward themselves ## +# reject your faithfulness toward themselves "are rejecting you, who would be faithful to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/02/09.md b/jon/02/09.md index bf9e75683c..eb1f33533d 100644 --- a/jon/02/09.md +++ b/jon/02/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -This is a continuation of Jonah's prayer that started in [Jonah 2:1](./01.md). +# General Information: -## But as for me, I ## +This is a continuation of Jonah's prayer that started in [Jonah 2:2](./01.md). -This expression in English shows that there is a contrast between the people Jonah had just spoken about and himself. They paid attention to useless gods but he would worship Yahweh. It can also be translated as "But I." +# But as for me, I -## I will sacrifice to you with a voice of thanksgiving ## +This expression in English shows that there is a contrast between the people Jonah had just spoken about and himself. They paid attention to useless gods, but he would worship Yahweh. AT: "But I" + +# I will sacrifice to you with a voice of thanksgiving This means that Jonah would thank God while he offered a sacrifice to him. It is not clear whether Jonah planned to thank God by singing or shouting joyfully. -## Salvation comes from Yahweh ## +# Salvation comes from Yahweh -"Salvation" is a noun. Its meaning can also be expressed with a verb: Yahweh is the one who saves people." +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "salvation" is expressed as the verb "save." "Yahweh is the one who saves people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## upon the dry land ## +# upon the dry land "upon the ground" or "onto the shore" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/02/intro.md b/jon/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9b8b8afc60 --- /dev/null +++ b/jon/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Jonah 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins with a prayer by Jonah and many translators have chosen to set it apart by indenting its lines. Translators can follow this practice, but they are not obligated to indent the lines. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sea ##### +This chapter contains many terms from the sea. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Poetry ##### +Prayers in Scripture often contain a poetic form. Poetry frequently uses metaphors to communicate something with a special meaning. For example, since Jonah was in a fish in the sea, being trapped is compared to a prison. Jonah is overwhelmed by the depth of the sea and expresses this by speaking about the at the "base of the mountains" and in the "belly of Sheol." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Repentance ##### +Scholars are divided over whether Jonah's repentance was genuine or whether he was trying to save his life. In light of his attitude in chapter 4, it is uncertain if he was genuinely repentant. If possible, it is best for translators to avoid making a definitive stance on whether Jonah's repentance was genuine. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jonah 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/03/01.md b/jon/03/01.md index 7a4179ae5a..6ee87210e0 100644 --- a/jon/03/01.md +++ b/jon/03/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## The word of Yahweh came to Jonah ## +# The word of Yahweh came -See how you translated this in [Jonah 1:1](../01/01.md). +This is an idiom that means Yahweh spoke. See how you translated this in [Jonah 1:1](../01/01.md). AT: "Yahweh spoke his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Get up, go to Nineveh, that great city ## +# the word of Yahweh -“Go to the important city of Nineveh”​ +Here "word" represents Yahweh's message. AT: "the message of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## proclaim to it the message that I command you to give ## +# Get up, go to Nineveh, that great city + +"Go to the important city of Nineveh" + +# Get up + +This refers to leaving the place one is at. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# proclaim to it the message that I command you to give "tell the people what I tell you to tell them" -## So Jonah got up and went to Nineveh in obedience to the word of Yahweh ## +# So Jonah got up and went to Nineveh in obedience to the word of Yahweh "This time Jonah obeyed Yahweh and went to Nineveh" -## Now ## +# So Jonah got up + +"So Jonah left the beach." "got up" refers to leaving the place Jonah was at. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Now This word is used here to mark a change from the story to information about Nineveh. -## one of three days’ journey ## +# one of three days' journey -"a city of three days' journey". AT: "A person had to walk for three days to completely go through it." (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"a city of three days' journey." A person had to walk for three days to completely go through it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/03/04.md b/jon/03/04.md index e38e29b83e..3284eb8e1e 100644 --- a/jon/03/04.md +++ b/jon/03/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## after a day's journey ## - -"after a day's walk." A day's journey is the distance that people would normally travel in one day. This can be translated "after Jonah walked for one day." - -## after a day’s journey he called out ## +# after a day's journey he called out Possible meanings are 1) "after Jonah walked a day's journey he called out" or 2) "while Jonah walked on the first day, he called out." -## he called out and said ## +# after a day's journey + +"after a day's walk." A day's journey is the distance that people would normally travel in one day. AT: "after Jonah walked for one day" + +# he called out and said "he proclaimed" or "he shouted" -## forty days ## +# forty days "40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## from the greatest of them down to the least of them ## +# They all put on sackcloth -"So everyone, including all the important people and all the unimportant people" (UDB) +Why people put on sackcloth can be stated more clearly. AT: "They also put on coarse cloth to show that they were sorry for having sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## They all put on sackcloth ## +# from the greatest of them down to the least of them -The reason that they put on sackcloth can be made explicit: "They also put on coarse cloth, to show that they were sorry for having sinned." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"from the most significant to the least significant people" or "including all the important people and all the unimportant people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/03/06.md b/jon/03/06.md index f70d5fe9a7..ef9521a7e8 100644 --- a/jon/03/06.md +++ b/jon/03/06.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## the news ## +# the news "Jonah's message" -## He rose up from his throne ## +# He rose up from his throne -"He got up from his throne" or "He stood up from his throne." The king left his throne to show that was acting humbly. +"He got up from his throne" or "He stood up from his throne." The king left his throne to show that he was acting humbly. -## throne ## +# throne -A throne is a chair that the king sits on to show that he is the king. +A throne is a chair that the king sits on. It shows that he is the king. -## He sent out a proclamation that said ## +# He sent out a proclamation that said -"He sent out an official announcement that said" or "he sent his messengers to announce to the people in Nineveh" +"He sent out an official announcement that said" or "He sent his messengers to announce to the people in Nineveh" -## nobles ## +# nobles -"advisors" (UDB). These were important men who helped the king rule the city. +"advisors." These were important men who helped the king rule the city. -## herd nor flock ## +# herd nor flock -This refers to two kinds of animals that people care for. It can be translated as "cattle or sheep." +This refers to two kinds of animals that people care for. AT: "cattle or sheep" -## Let them not eat, nor drink water ## +# Let them not eat, nor drink water -"They must not eat or drink anything." The reason they were not to eat or drink anything can be made explicit by adding to it "in order to show that they are sorry for their sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"They must not eat nor drink anything." The reason they were not to eat or drink anything can be made explicit by adding "in order to show that they are sorry for their sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/03/08.md b/jon/03/08.md index 836ac971b0..e73884d88f 100644 --- a/jon/03/08.md +++ b/jon/03/08.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + This is a continuation of what the king told the people of Nineveh. -## But let both ## +# But let both "Let both" -## animal ## +# let both man and animal be covered with sackcloth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let people and animals wear sackcloth" or "let people cover themselves and their animals with sackcloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# animal The word "animal" refers to animals that people own. -## let both man and animal be covered with sackcloth ## +# cry out loudly to God -This can be translated with an active clause: "let people and animals wear sackcloth" or "let people cover themselves and their animals with sackcloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"pray earnestly to God." What they were to pray for can be made explicit. AT: "cry out loudly to God and ask for mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## cry out loudly to God ## - -"pray earnestly to God." What they were to pray for can be made explicit: "cry out loudly to God and ask for mercy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## the violence that is in his hands ## +# the violence that is in his hands This means "the violent things that he does" -## Who knows? ## +# Who knows? -The king used this rhetorical question to get the people to think about something that they might not have thought possible—that if they would stop sinning, God might not kill them. It could be translated as a statement: "We do not know." Or it could be stated as a word and be part of the next sentence: "Perhaps." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The king used this rhetorical question to get the people to think about something that they might not have thought possible, that if they would stop sinning, God might not kill them. It could be translated as a statement: "We do not know." Or it could be stated as a word and be part of the next sentence: "Perhaps." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## God may relent and change his mind ## +# God may relent and change his mind -This can be translated as "God may decide to do something different" or "God may not do what he said he will do." \ No newline at end of file +"God may decide to do something different" or "God may not do what he said he will do" + +# we do not perish + +"we do not die." Here perish equates to drowning at sea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/03/10.md b/jon/03/10.md index 41ae3f3ac0..65458b01a1 100644 --- a/jon/03/10.md +++ b/jon/03/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## God saw what they did ## +# God saw what they did -"God understood that they that they stopped doing evil actions" +"God understood that they stopped doing evil actions" -## God changed his mind about the punishment which he had said he would do to them ## +# they turned from their evil ways -"God changed his thinking about the punishment that he had said he would do to them" or "God decided not to punish them as he had said he would" +The author speaks of the people stop sinning as if they turned their back to an object. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and he did not do it ## +# God changed his mind about the punishment that he had said he would do to them -This can be translated more specifically: "and he did not punish them" or "and he did not destroy them." \ No newline at end of file +Here God deciding not to do the punishment he had planned is spoken of is if he changed his mind. AT: "God changed his thinking about the punishment that he had said he would do to them" or "God decided not to punish them as he had said he would" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he did not do it + +What God was to do can be made explicit. AT: "he did not punish them" or "he did not destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/03/intro.md b/jon/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..66ebbf4ef1 --- /dev/null +++ b/jon/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Jonah 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter returns to a narrative of Jonah's life. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Animals ##### +According to the king's proclamation, the animals had to participate in the fast he ordered. This most likely reflects their pagan mindset. There was nothing in the law of Moses that instructed the people to have the animals participate in any religious acts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Size of Nineveh ##### +When the author talks about the size of Nineveh, the measurements he gives are confusing. The phrase "three days' journey" is ambiguous in Hebrew, as many scholars have remarked. In Jonah's day, cities were not as big as they are today. So although Nineveh was a big city, it was not as big as most modern cities. + +##### God repenting or relenting ##### +The last verse of this chapter says, "So then God changed his mind about the punishment that he had said he would do to them, and he did not do it." This concept of God changing His mind may be troubling for some translators and people may struggle to understand it. God's character is consistent. This whole book is written from a human viewpoint and so it is hard to understand the mind of God. + +Yahweh is just and merciful so even though God did not follow through with a judgment in this instance, God's plan is always to punish evil. Later in history this nation did fall and was destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jonah 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/04/01.md b/jon/04/01.md index 80266508ea..0e44906b40 100644 --- a/jon/04/01.md +++ b/jon/04/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Ah, Yahweh ## +# Ah, Yahweh -The word "Ah" expresses Jonah's feeling of frustration. Your language may have a different way of expressing this. +The word "Ah" expresses Jonah's feeling of frustration. -## is this not just what I said when I was back in my own country? ## +# is this not just what I said when I was back in my own country? -Jonah used this rhetorical question to show God how angry he was. In some languages translating this as a statement would sound more natural. Also what Jonah had said when he was back in his own country can be stated explicitly: "When I was still in my own country I knew that if I warned the people of Nineveh they would repent and you would not destroy them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jonah used this rhetorical question to show God how angry he was. Also, what Jonah said when he was back in his own country can be stated explicitly. AT: "When I was still in my own country I knew that if I warned the people of Nineveh, they would repent, and you would not destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I acted first and tried to flee to Tarshish ## +# I acted first and tried to flee to Tarshish -Possible meanings are 1) "I tried to prevent this by fleeing to Tarshish" or 2) "I acted quickly and tried to flee to Tarshish" or "I did all I could to flee to Tarshish" +Possible meanings are 1) "I tried to prevent this by fleeing to Tarshish" or 2) "I acted quickly and tried to flee to Tarshish" or 3) "I did all I could to flee to Tarshish." -## abundant in faithfulness ## +# abundant in faithfulness -"very faithful" or "You love people very much" (UDB) +"very faithful" or "you love people very much" -## you relent from sending disaster ## +# you relent from sending disaster -"you decide not to destroy people." This means "you say that you will send disaster on sinners, but then you decide not to." This can also be translated as "you decide not to punish people who sin" . +This means "you say that you will send disaster on sinners, but then you decide not to." AT: "you decide not to punish people who sin" -## take my life from me ## +# take my life from me -Jonah's reason for wanting to die can be stated explicitly as it is in the UDB: "since you will not destroy Nineveh as you said you would, please allow me to die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jonah's reason for wanting to die can be stated explicitly. AT: "since you will not destroy Nineveh as you said you would, please allow me to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## for it is better for me to die than to live ## +# for it is better for me to die than to live -This can be translated as “I would prefer to die than live” or “because I want to die. I do not want to live.” \ No newline at end of file +"I would prefer to die than live" or "because I want to die. I do not want to live" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/04/04.md b/jon/04/04.md index 1711aa38e5..05bdb8e355 100644 --- a/jon/04/04.md +++ b/jon/04/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Is it good that you are so angry? ## +# Is it good that you are so angry? -God used this rhetorical question to scold Jonah for being angry about something he should not have been angry about. In some languages it is more natural to use a statement: "Your anger is not good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +God used this rhetorical question to scold Jonah for being angry about something he should not have been angry about. AT: "Your anger is not good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## went out of the city ## +# went out of the city "left the city of Nineveh" -## what might become of the city ## +# what might become of the city -"what would happen to the city" (UDB). Jonah wanted to see if God would destroy the city or not destroy it. \ No newline at end of file +"what would happen to the city." Jonah wanted to see if God would destroy the city or not destroy it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/04/06.md b/jon/04/06.md index 7744c59bf9..4ce080a76a 100644 --- a/jon/04/06.md +++ b/jon/04/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## up over Jonah so that it might be a shade over his head ## +# over Jonah so that it might be a shade over his head -"up over Jonah's head for shade" +"over Jonah's head for shade" -## to deliver him from his distress ## +# to relieve his distress "to protect Jonah from the heat of the sun" -## But God prepared a worm ## +# But God prepared a worm -"God sent a worm" (UDB) +"God sent a worm" -## It attacked the plant ## +# It attacked the plant "The worm chewed the plant" -## the plant withered ## +# the plant withered -"the plant became dry." It can also be translated as "the plant died." \ No newline at end of file +The plant became dry and died. AT: "the plant died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/04/08.md b/jon/04/08.md index 96edfc7a11..fb5b2c4c44 100644 --- a/jon/04/08.md +++ b/jon/04/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## God prepared a hot east wind ## +# God prepared a hot east wind -This can be translated as “God caused a hot wind from the east to blow on Jonah.” If your word for wind can only mean a cool or cold wind, then it might work to translate it like this: “God sent a very hot warmth from the east to Jonah.” +God caused a hot wind from the east to blow on Jonah. If wind can only mean a cool or cold wind then you can try this. AT: "God sent a very hot warmth from the east to Jonah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the sun beat down - " ## +# the sun beat down -"**the sun was very hot" +"the sun was very hot" -## on Jonah's head ## +# on Jonah's head -Jonah may have felt the heat most on his head. It can also be translated as "on Jonah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Jonah may have felt the heat most on his head. AT: "on Jonah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## he became faint ## +# he became faint -This could be translated as “he became very weak” or “he lost his strength.” +"he became very weak" or "he lost his strength" -## It is better for me to die than to live. ## +# It is better for me to die than to live -See how you translated this in [Jonah 4:1](./01.md). +"I would prefer to die than live" or "Because I want to die. I do not want to live." See how you translated this in [Jonah 4:3](./01.md). -## Is it good that you are so angry about the plant? ## +# Is it good that you are so angry about the plant? -God used a rhetorical question to scold Jonah for being angry that the plant died but wanting God to kill the people of Nineveh.. In some languages it is more natural to use a statement. "Your anger about the plant dying is not good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) You should be more concerned about the people in Nineveh dying than about the plant dying. (See; [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +God challenges Jonah for being angry that the plant died and yet wanted God to kill the people of Nineveh. AT: "Your anger about the plant dying is not good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## even to death- ## +# Is it good that you are so angry about the plant? -** "Now I am angry enough to die!" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +implicit information can be made explicit. AT: "You should be more concerned about the people in Nineveh dying than about the plant dying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It is good that I am angry, even to death. + +"It is good that I am angry. Now I am angry enough to die!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/04/10.md b/jon/04/10.md index f8784fa014..0f937088d8 100644 --- a/jon/04/10.md +++ b/jon/04/10.md @@ -1,31 +1,23 @@ -## Yahweh said ## +# Yahweh said -"Yahweh said to Jonah" +It may be helpful to say that Yahweh was speaking to Jonah. AT: "Yahweh said to Jonah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## perished ## +# should I not have compassion for Nineveh, that great city ... cattle? -"died" +God used this question to emphasize his claim that he should have compassion on Nineveh. AT: "I certainly should have compassion for Nineveh, that important city ... cattle." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## should I not have compassion for Nineveh, that great city ## +# in which there are more -God used this question to emphasize his claim that he should have compassion on Nineveh. In some languages it is more natural to use a statement to express the emphasis: "I certainly should have compassion for Nineveh, that important city." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can also be the beginning of a new sentence. AT: "There are more" or "It has more" -## in which there are more ## - -This can also be the beginning of a new sentence. "There are more" or "It has more." - -## 120 thousand people ## +# one hundred and twenty thousand people 120,000 people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand ## +# who do not know the difference between their right hand and their left hand -This may be a way of saying "cannot discern between right and wrong." +This may be a way of saying "they cannot tell the difference between right and wrong." -## cannot discern between ## +# also many cattle -"cannot tell which is" (UDB) or "do not know which is" - -## and also many cattle? ## - -"and there are also many cattle." \ No newline at end of file +The author is pointing out the depth of Nineveh's repentance to the extent that Yahweh takes note of the beasts' participation in the act of repentance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/04/intro.md b/jon/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c881f9a614 --- /dev/null +++ b/jon/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Jonah 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Jonah continues the narrative while bringing the book to what seems like an unusual end. This emphasizes that the book is not really about Jonah. It is about God's desire to be merciful on anyone, whether Jew or pagan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jonah's anger ##### +It is important to see the relationship between a prophet and Yahweh. Aprophet was to prophesy for Yahweh, and his words must come true. According to the law of Moses, if that did not happen, the penalty was death. When Jonah told the city of Nineveh that it was going to be destroyed in forty days, he was certain it was going to happen. When it did not happen, Jonah was angry with God because he hated the people of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +As in other places, Jonah asks rhetorical questions to show how angry he was at Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +##### Parallel to Mount Sinai ##### +In verse 2, Jonah attributes a series of characteristics to God. A Jewish reader of this book would recognize this as a formula Moses used in speaking about God when he was meeting God on Mount Sinai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### God's grace ##### +When Jonah went outside the city, he got very hot and God graciously provided some relief through the plant. God was trying to teach Jonah through an object lesson. It is important for the reader to see this clearly. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Jonah 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/front/intro.md b/jon/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5f625099ab --- /dev/null +++ b/jon/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +# Introduction to Jonah # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Jonah #### + +1. Jonah tries to run away from Yahweh + - Jonah's first call from Yahweh to go to Nineveh and his disobedience (1:1–3) + - Jonah and the Gentile sailors (1:4–16) + - Yahweh provides a large fish to swallow Jonah (1:17) + - Jonah's prayer from inside the large fish and his rescue (2:1–10) + - Jonah's experience in Nineveh + - Jonah is called by God a second time to go to Nineveh, and he begins to proclaim God's message (3:1–4) + - All the people in Nineveh repent (3:5) + - The proclamation of the king of Nineveh (3:6–9) + - Yahweh decides not to destroy Nineveh (3:10) + - Jonah is very angry at Yahweh (4:1–3) + - Yahweh teaches Jonah about grace and mercy (4:4–11) + +#### What is the Book of Jonah about? #### + +The Book of Jonah is a narrative about the prophet. Its purpose is to show that Yahweh wants to include the Gentiles in his mercy and grace. It presents the Ninevites' willingness to repent of their sin and to call out to Yahweh for mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +Jonah was given a mission to warn the people of Nineveh and call them to repentance. As a loyal Israelite, Jonah refused the mission and ran away. + +In the final part of the book, it becomes clear that Jonah had no wish for the Ninevites to repent, because they were Israel's enemies. As a result, God teaches him a lesson about his love for all human beings, not just the Israelites. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may decide to translate this traditional title "The Book of Jonah" in a way that is more clear to the readers. They may decide to call it, "The Book about Jonah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Jonah? #### + +The author of the Book of Jonah is unknown. The prophet Jonah lived in the northern kingdom of Israel in the 8th century BC, during the reign of King Jeroboam II. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was the nation of Assyria? #### + +During the time of Jonah, Assyria was the most powerful kingdom in the ancient Near East. It was known for its cruelty to its enemies. Eventually, God punished Assyria for its sin. + +#### Did Assyria convert to Judaism? #### + +While it is possible that the Assyrians came to worship Yahweh alone, it is likely that they continued to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/01.md b/jos/01/01.md index d661df73f3..fe7476942c 100644 --- a/jos/01/01.md +++ b/jos/01/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Yahweh ## +# Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the note on the Important Term page concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -## Nun ## +# Nun -Joshua's father (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Joshua's father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## cross over this Jordan ## +# cross over this Jordan -"cross over" means "go to the opposite bank of the river." AT: "travel from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +To "cross over" means "go to the opposite bank of the river." AT: "travel from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you and all this people ## +# you and all this people -"you" here refers to Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The word "you" here refers to Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## sole of your foot ## +# I have given you every place -Here the sole of a foot is used to refer the entire nation of Israel. AT: " Where ever your foot touches, that land will belong to Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +God giving the land to the Israelites in the future is spoken of as if he gave it to them in the past. This emphasizes that he will certainly give it to them. AT: "I will give to you every place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -## I have given to you ## +# I have given you -"you" in this phrase refers to both Joshua and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "you" refers to both Joshua and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# every place where the sole of your foot will walk + +This refers to all the places Joshua and the Israelites will travel when they cross the Jordan River. AT: "everywhere you go in this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/04.md b/jos/01/04.md index 0b25d6537c..fbed2f8c89 100644 --- a/jos/01/04.md +++ b/jos/01/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua. -## your land ## +# your land -The word "your" refers to the tribes of Israel, and not Joshua only. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The word "your" refers to the tribes of Israel and not only Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## to stand before you ## +# to stand before you In verse 5 the words "you" and "your" refer to Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## I will not abandon you or leave you ## +# I will not abandon you or leave you -The words "abandon" and "leave" mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that he will not do these things. AT: "I will certainly stay with you always" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "abandon" and "leave" mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that he will not do these things. AT: "I will certainly stay with you always" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/06.md b/jos/01/06.md index d8fc22e4da..26cf0a7e54 100644 --- a/jos/01/06.md +++ b/jos/01/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua. +# General Information: -## Do not turn from it to the right or to the left ## +Yahweh gives Joshua a series of commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -AT: "Follow it exactly" or "Follow them exactly" +# Be strong and courageous -## be successful ## +Yahweh commands Joshua to overcome his fears with courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -AT: "achieve your goal" or "reach your goal" \ No newline at end of file +# Do not turn from it to the right or to the left + +This can be stated as a positive command. AT: "Follow it exactly" or "Follow them exactly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# be successful + +"achieve your goal" or "reach your goal" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/08.md b/jos/01/08.md index cddefdfa5a..d250702ccf 100644 --- a/jos/01/08.md +++ b/jos/01/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua. -## You will always speak ## +# You will always speak -This means that Joshua should speak of the book of the law often. The word "always" adds emphasis or intensity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +The word "always" is an exaggeration for speaking often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## prosperous and successful ## +# prosperous and successful -These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize great prosperity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize great prosperity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Have I not commanded you? + +This refers to Yahweh commanding Joshua. AT: "I have commanded you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Be strong and courageous! + +Yahweh is commanding Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/10.md b/jos/01/10.md index a03cedb0e1..5606d63f91 100644 --- a/jos/01/10.md +++ b/jos/01/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## In three days ## +# Go through the camp and command the people, 'Prepare ... possess.' -"Three days from now" +Embedded quotes can be expressed as indirect quotes. AT: "Go through the camp and command the people to prepare provisions for themselves. In three days they will cross over this Jordan and go in and possess the land that Yahweh their God is giving them to possess." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) -## cross over this Jordan ## +# the people -"Cross over" means "go to the opposite side of the river." AT: "travel to the other side of the Jordan River." \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the people of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# In three days + +Here Joshua was counting his present day as day one. AT: "Two days from now" or "On the day after tomorrow" + +# cross over this Jordan + +"cross over" refers to going to the opposite side of the river. AT: "travel to the other side of the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/12.md b/jos/01/12.md index 56d9995c95..8ba6dcbcdc 100644 --- a/jos/01/12.md +++ b/jos/01/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Reubenites ## +# General Information: -- The descendants of Reuben. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The tribes of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh chose to settle east of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Gadites ## +# Reubenites -- The decendants of Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These were the descendants of Reuben. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gadites + +These were the decendants of Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/14.md b/jos/01/14.md index 2b7cc29eca..81c9b560b1 100644 --- a/jos/01/14.md +++ b/jos/01/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Joshua continues speaking to the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh. -## your little ones ## +# your little ones "your little children" -## beyond the Jordan ## +# beyond the Jordan -This refers to the east side of the Jordan River. Later most of the Israelites would live west of the Jordan, so they called the east side "beyond the Jordan." But at this time they were all still on the east side. AT: "east of the Jordan River" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the east side of the Jordan River. Later most of the Israelites would live west of the Jordan, so they called the east side "beyond the Jordan." But at this time they were all still on the east side. AT: "east of the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# given your brothers rest + +This refers to Israel defeating all their enemies residing in Canaan that they were to conquer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will ... possess it + +This refers to living out their life on the land in peace. + +# beyond the Jordan, where the sun rises + +This refers to the east side of the Jordan river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/16.md b/jos/01/16.md index 2f8f65977e..4670f42de7 100644 --- a/jos/01/16.md +++ b/jos/01/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -The Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh reply to Joshua. +# General Information: -## rebels against your commands and disobeys your words ## +These Isrelites were specifically the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh that replied to Joshua. + +# rebels against your commands and disobeys your words These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that any form of disobedience will be punished. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## will be put to death ## +# will be put to death -AT: "we will put to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we will put to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be strong and courageous + +Israel and God considered both traits important for Joshua to pursue as their leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/01/intro.md b/jos/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..06161896f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Joshua 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter appears to be a natural continuation of the book of Deuteronomy. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Be strong and Courageous ##### + +Joshua is often told, "Be strong and courageous." This repeated encouragement is on purpose and may indicate Joshua will need help in the future. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Joshua intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/01.md b/jos/02/01.md index 7e6e81e9af..8399289464 100644 --- a/jos/02/01.md +++ b/jos/02/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Nun ## +# Nun -This is Joshua's father. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is Joshua's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shittim ## +# Shittim -This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means "Acacia Trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means "Acacia Trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# as spies + +These men were to visit the land to gain information on how Israel should conquer the land. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/04.md b/jos/02/04.md index 994c2731d4..85e7bb1856 100644 --- a/jos/02/04.md +++ b/jos/02/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the woman ## +# General Information: + +Rahab the prostitute protects the two Israelite spies from harm. + +# But the woman had taken the two men and hidden them + +This happened before the king's messenger spoke to her. + +# the woman This refers to Rahab, the prostitute. -## dusk ## +# dusk This is the time that day begins to change to the darkness of night. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/06.md b/jos/02/06.md index d398efcd62..734be423c9 100644 --- a/jos/02/06.md +++ b/jos/02/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the roof ## +# But she had taken them ... on the roof + +This is background information and explains how she had hidden the men in [Joshua 2:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# the roof The roof was flat and strong, so people could walk around on it. -## flax ## +# flax -a plant that is grown for its fibers, which are used in making cloth +a plant that is grown for its fibers, which is used in making cloth -## ford ## +# the men pursued them -a place where a river or other body of water is shallow enough for people to get to the other side by walking through it \ No newline at end of file +The men pursued the spies because of what Rahab had told them in [Joshua 2:5](./04.md). + +# fords + +places where a river or other body of water is shallow enough for people to get to the other side by walking through it \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/08.md b/jos/02/08.md index 108d48f630..9cf239fba6 100644 --- a/jos/02/08.md +++ b/jos/02/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## I know that Yahweh has given you the land ## +# not yet lain down -The word "you" refers to the all the Israelite people. +This refers to going to sleep for the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## will melt away before you ## +# I know that Yahweh has given you the land -This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) "will be weak in your presence" or 2) "will scatter away from you." AT: "will be so afraid that they will not resist you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "you" refers to the all the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# fear of you has come upon us + +Becoming afraid is spoken of as if feat came and attacked them. AT: "we have become afraid of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will melt away before you + +This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) they will be weak in the Israelites' presence or 2) they will be scattered. AT: "will be so afraid that they will not resist you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/10.md b/jos/02/10.md index 1d30a76b22..d76cb5bbea 100644 --- a/jos/02/10.md +++ b/jos/02/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies. -## Sihon … Og ## +# the Sea of Reeds + +This is another name for the Red Sea. + +# Sihon ... Og These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## our hearts melted and there was no courage left in anyone ## +# our hearts melted and there was no courage left in anyone -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. AT: "we were terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases share similar meanings, combined for emphasis. The phrase "our hearts melted" compares the hearts of the fearful people of Jericho to ice melting and flowing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/12.md b/jos/02/12.md index 1d719ba62a..0b20eb6a91 100644 --- a/jos/02/12.md +++ b/jos/02/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies. -## I have been kind to you ## +# please swear to me ... Give me a sure sign -The word "you" refers to the two spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are similar statements of Rahab seeking assurance from the spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I have been kind to you + +The word "you" refers to the two spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# spare the lives ... save us from death + +a polite way of saying "do not to kill us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/14.md b/jos/02/14.md index f0a675c6ec..21368cc401 100644 --- a/jos/02/14.md +++ b/jos/02/14.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -The Israelite spies make the promise which Rahab asked for in [Joshua 2:12](./12.md) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The Israelite spies make the promise which Rahab asked for in [Joshua 2:12](./12.md) + +# Our life for yours, even to death + +This idiom is a way of swearing and asking God to curse them if they do not keep their promise. AT: "If we do not do what we promise, may Yahweh cause us to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/15.md b/jos/02/15.md index e56e083462..d19fd9ac98 100644 --- a/jos/02/15.md +++ b/jos/02/15.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + The Israelite spies continue to talk to Rahab. -## "if you do not do this" ## +# if you do not do this -This expresses a condition for the promise the spies had made to Rahab. The word, "this," refers to "tie this scarlet rope in the window" in [Joshua 2:18](./18.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file +This expresses a condition for the promise the spies had made to Rahab. The word, "this," refers to "tie this scarlet rope in the window" in [Joshua 2:18](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/18.md b/jos/02/18.md index d811cba8e8..733e9710ec 100644 --- a/jos/02/18.md +++ b/jos/02/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -The Israelite spies continue talking to Rahab +# Connecting Statement: -## Whoever goes out the doors of your house ## +The Israelite spies clarify the condition they expressed in [Joshua 2:15](./15.md). -Expresses a condition, creating a hypothetical situation. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +# General Information: -## blood will be on their own heads ## +The Israelite spies continue talking to Rahab. -This means "their death will be their own fault." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Whoever goes out of the doors of your house -## their own heads ## +This phrase expresses a condition, creating a hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -The word "heads" represents personal responsibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# blood will be upon their own heads -## if a hand is laid upon ## +Here "blood" represents a person's death. To be responsible for their own death is spoken of as if their blood would be on their heads. AT: "their death will be their own fault" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"If we cause injury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# we will be guiltless + +"we will be innocent" + +# if a hand is laid upon any + +Here "a hand is laid upon" is a polite way of referring to causing someone injury. AT: "if we cause injury to any" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/20.md b/jos/02/20.md index 84702f9e6f..149171e339 100644 --- a/jos/02/20.md +++ b/jos/02/20.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -The Israelite spies continue to speak to Rahab about their promise to her. +# General Information: -## if you speak ## +The two Israelite spies continue to speak to Rahab about their promise to her. -"You" refers to Rahab. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The spies required Rahab to remain silent about their visit or they would be free from their oath to protect her family. + +# if you speak + +"You" refers to Rahab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# May what you say be done + +Rahab agreed to their terms of the oath to protect her family. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/22.md b/jos/02/22.md index 7f60711c27..8f6cf9e102 100644 --- a/jos/02/22.md +++ b/jos/02/22.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + The two Israelites spies leave Jericho. -## their pursurers returned ## +# their pursuers returned -"their pursuers returned to the city, to Jericho." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +It may be helpful to say they returned to Jericho. AT: "their pursuers returned to the city of Jericho" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# found nothing + +This refers to the men not finding the spies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/23.md b/jos/02/23.md index 9b668e4ff8..82cb4b4cc9 100644 --- a/jos/02/23.md +++ b/jos/02/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Nun ## +# The two men returned + +The two men returned back to the Israelite's camp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# returned and crossed over and came back + +These are similar expressions referring to returning to where the Israelite's are camped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# crossed over + +"cross over" means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "traveled from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Nun This is a male name; the father of Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## everything that had happened to them ## +# everything that had happened to them "all that the men had experienced and seen." -## us ## +# us This word, "us," refers to Israel. -## cross over ## +# inhabitants of the land are melting away -"cross over" means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "travel from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people of the land toward Israel are like a substance that melts in the presence of heat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/02/intro.md b/jos/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dd3a4f2502 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Joshua 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the story of the conquest of the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Rahab's faith ##### + +Rahab expressed her faith in Yahweh. The statement "for Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above and on the earth below" is a recognition of her faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The Israelites were to completely destroy the evil Canaanites. They are compared to melting snow: "... melting away because of us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/01.md b/jos/03/01.md index 586be6bcf9..047a374e45 100644 --- a/jos/03/01.md +++ b/jos/03/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## got up ## +# got up The phrase, "got up," means to "awaken." -## Shittim ## +# Shittim A place in the land of Moab, west of the Jordan River where the Israelites were camped before their entry into the promised land, Canaan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/02.md b/jos/03/02.md index d5276bfed8..f421dbecd3 100644 --- a/jos/03/02.md +++ b/jos/03/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## officers ## +# officers -These are people holding a position of command or authority +These are people holding a position of command or authority. -## people ## +# people This is the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## two thousand ## +# two thousand cubits -2,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## two thousand cubits ## - -"cubits" is a measurement equaling the distance from the elbow to the finger tips. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"2,000 cubits." The word "cubit" is a measurement equaling the distance from the elbow to the finger tips. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/05.md b/jos/03/05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a2957fa9ec --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/03/05.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Consecrate yourselves + +This refers to a special preparation of being religiously clean before Yahweh. + +# Yahweh will do wonders + +Yahweh will be doing miracles for all to see and experience. + +# Take up the ark + +This is referring to the levites picking up the ark for the purpose of carrying it from one location to another. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/07.md b/jos/03/07.md index bcbc1404cb..17914ad0c2 100644 --- a/jos/03/07.md +++ b/jos/03/07.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh tells Joshua what the priest are to do. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh tells Joshua what the priest are to do. + +# I will make you a great man in the eyes of all Israel + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "the people will see what I do and realize that I have made you a great man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# edge of the waters of the Jordan + +Joshua is to approach the bank or edge of the Jordan River. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/09.md b/jos/03/09.md index 89f69af0d9..8209eb2b2b 100644 --- a/jos/03/09.md +++ b/jos/03/09.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Joshua tells Israel what Yahweh is about to do -## cross over ## +# drive out from before you -"cross over" means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "travel from this side to the opposite side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh will force the other people living on the land to leave or be killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# crosses over + +"cross over" means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "will travel from this side to the opposite side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/12.md b/jos/03/12.md index 6964863114..b3f53eb889 100644 --- a/jos/03/12.md +++ b/jos/03/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Joshua continues to tell Israel of the miracle that Yahweh will do +# General Information: -## upstream ## +Joshua continues to tell Israel of the miracle that Yahweh will do. -This word means "in the direction of the sources of a river or stream." \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Just as Israel's fathers experience crossing the Red Sea, these people will experience crossing the Jordan river on dry land. + +# the soles of the feet + +This refers to the bottom of their feet. + +# upstream + +This word refers to the direction the Jordan River water is flowing toward Israel. + +# stand in one heap + +The water will stay in one spot or place. It will not flow around the priests. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/14.md b/jos/03/14.md index 597ecec8c0..c1fb13bcfe 100644 --- a/jos/03/14.md +++ b/jos/03/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## chest of the covenant ## +# edge of the water -the word "chest" is an alternate translation for "ark" as this is called in the following verse. +This can refer to the surface of the water as well as the bank where the water flows to dry land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## now the Jordan overflows all its banks throughout the time of the harvest ## +# now the Jordan overflows all its banks throughout the time of the harvest This is background information and it emphasizes the scale of what Yahweh is doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/17.md b/jos/03/17.md index d9e56bc184..d1d24e6952 100644 --- a/jos/03/17.md +++ b/jos/03/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + The miraculous Jordan River crossing continues. -## the Jordan ## +# the Jordan -This is a shorter name for the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +This refers to the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## crossed over ## +# crossed over -This phrase means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "travel from this side to the opposite side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "traveled from this side to the opposite side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/03/intro.md b/jos/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d1e1e4d44b --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Joshua 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God dries the Jordan River ##### + +Joshua told the people "Dedicate yourselves to Yahweh tomorrow, for Yahweh will do wonders among you." The conquest of the Promised Land is accomplished through the supernatural power of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/01.md b/jos/04/01.md index c74d4b0661..8dc127bffd 100644 --- a/jos/04/01.md +++ b/jos/04/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## cross over ## +# General Information: -"cross over" means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "travel from this side to the opposite side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Though Yahweh was speaking directly to Joshua, all occurrences of you include Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# crossed over + +The words "crossed over" refer to going to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "went across" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the Jordan + +the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Give them this command: ' ... ' + +The nested quote can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "Give them this command to take up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan where the priests are standing on the dry ground, and bring them over with you and lay them down in the place where you will spend the night tonight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/04.md b/jos/04/04.md index 0d1bd2f4a2..6b1df21cc1 100644 --- a/jos/04/04.md +++ b/jos/04/04.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Joshua tells the twelve men what to do. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Joshua tells the twelve men what to do. + +# into the middle of the Jordan. Each of you is to take up a stone upon his shoulder + +Each of the twelve men were to pick up a large stone from the Jordan River bed and carry them to the other side to build a monument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/06.md b/jos/04/06.md index 9f7f10f2fb..ed26f3fc8d 100644 --- a/jos/04/06.md +++ b/jos/04/06.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -Joshua tells Israel what the pile of twelves stones mean. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Joshua tells Israel what the pile of twelve stones mean. + +# The waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh cut off the waters of the Jordan in front of the ark of his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The waters of the Jordan were + +"The Jordan River was" + +# were cut off before the ark + +The Jordan River was prevented by God from flowing up to the ark that was being carried by the priests. + +# the waters of the Jordan were cut off + +The water flowing down the Jordan River stopped before the ark so everyone including the ark traveled on the dry river bed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/08.md b/jos/04/08.md index 2cd7b48877..e62c78dbaf 100644 --- a/jos/04/08.md +++ b/jos/04/08.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -Joshua and Israel continue to do as Yahweh commanded \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Joshua and Israel continue to do as Yahweh commanded. + +# they picked up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan + +This refers to the twelve men picking up stones from the middle of the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then Joshua set up twelve stones in the middle of the Jordan + +These were twelve additional stones, not the stones that the twelve men carried from the river bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The memorial is there to this day + +This means the memorial was there to the day that the author was writing this book. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/10.md b/jos/04/10.md index 8e6822d64d..8a7d2cd185 100644 --- a/jos/04/10.md +++ b/jos/04/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the people ## +# the Jordan -This refers to the nation of Israel. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the Jordan River. -## cross over ## +# the people -means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "travel from this side to the opposite side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# crossed over + +This means to go to the opposite bank of the river. AT: "traveled from one side to the opposite side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# before the people + +This refers to being in front of the people or in the sight of all the people. Everyone saw the ark being carried by the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/12.md b/jos/04/12.md index 0c2c0e164c..547e900328 100644 --- a/jos/04/12.md +++ b/jos/04/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## just as they ## +# The tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh passed before the people of Israel formed up as an army -the word "they" refers to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +These were the soldiers of the 3 tribes that were fulfilling their obligation to lead the Israelites into battle for settling on the East side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# just as they + +The word "they" refers to the people of Israel. + +# they honored Moses + +This refers to not just honor but submission to his commands and to treat him as the commander of their army as they had followed Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/15.md b/jos/04/15.md index f2c4710527..ac6760de6f 100644 --- a/jos/04/15.md +++ b/jos/04/15.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -Yahweh tells Joshua to have the priests exit the Jordan River \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh tells Joshua to have the priests exit the Jordan River. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/17.md b/jos/04/17.md index f122e1d938..5df33455bb 100644 --- a/jos/04/17.md +++ b/jos/04/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## four days ## +# General Information: -4 days. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +The Author was making it clear that parting the Jordan River was no different than parting the Red Sea for the previous generation. + +# waters of the Jordan returned to their place and overflowed its banks + +The Jordan River was overflowing its banks and flooding the area before and after Israel passed through on dry land. + +# four days + +"4 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/19.md b/jos/04/19.md index 6270895f56..261493c9d4 100644 --- a/jos/04/19.md +++ b/jos/04/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## tenth day ## +# came up out of the Jordan -indicating day ten in the month. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to when Israel crossed the Jordan River on dry ground. + +# on the tenth day of the first month + +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# The twelve stones that they took out of the Jordan + +Each tribe was to take one stone from the Jordan River so Joshua could build a memorial of the crossing event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/22.md b/jos/04/22.md index dbf2214e99..069e897622 100644 --- a/jos/04/22.md +++ b/jos/04/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## the hand of Yahweh is mighty ## +# General Information: -This phrase represents all of Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh is mighty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Joshua continues to remind the people the purpose of the pile of stones. + +# Tell your children + +It was for Israel to teach their children of God's miracles so that they would honor Yahweh forever. + +# the hand of Yahweh is mighty + +This refers to the power of Yahweh being strong. AT: "Yahweh is mighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/04/intro.md b/jos/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..46a186edf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Joshua 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's war ##### +The conquering of the Promised Land was a special war. It was God's war against the people of Canaan and Joshua recognized that they would only be victorious through Yahweh's power. This is why their first act after crossing the Jordan River was to build an altar. This war was a witness to Yahweh's power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/01.md b/jos/05/01.md index 4f9c78e0a3..fdc7c758d3 100644 --- a/jos/05/01.md +++ b/jos/05/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## their hearts melted, and there was no longer any spirit in them ## +# their hearts melted ... there was no longer any spirit in them -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. AT: “they were terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# their hearts melted + +Here "hearts" refers to their courage. They were so afraid that it was as if their courage melted away like wax in a fire. AT: "they lost all their courage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there was no longer any spirit in them + +Here "spirit" refers to their will to fight. AT: "they no longer had any will to fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/02.md b/jos/05/02.md index dfa8b33774..e645358eb8 100644 --- a/jos/05/02.md +++ b/jos/05/02.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Gibeath Haaraloth ## +# Joshua made himself flint knives ... he circumcised all the males -This is a place name which commemorates Israel rededicating themselves to Yahweh; it means "the hill of the foreskins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +There were over 600,000 males, so it is understood that while Joshua was in charge of this task, many other people helped him. If this would confuse your readers, you may want to make this explicit. AT: "Joshua and the Israelites made themselves flint knives ... they circumcised all the males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Gibeath Haaraloth + +This is a place name which commemorates Israel rededicating themselves to Yahweh. It means "the hill of the foreskins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/04.md b/jos/05/04.md index 5e371b0de6..a0b9cab865 100644 --- a/jos/05/04.md +++ b/jos/05/04.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -The reason all the males of Israel had to be circumcised. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The reason all the males of Israel had to be circumcised is explained. + +# the men of war + +the men who were old enough to be soldiers \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/06.md b/jos/05/06.md index 17b52b8d2e..64dc0bcdf7 100644 --- a/jos/05/06.md +++ b/jos/05/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## land flowing with milk and honey ## +# obey the voice of Yahweh -A rich, fertile and desirable land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "voice" refers to the things that Yahweh spoke. AT: "obey the things that Yahweh commanded them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a land flowing with milk and honey + +God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. AT: "a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/08.md b/jos/05/08.md index 7b749fbed3..1b819c1d65 100644 --- a/jos/05/08.md +++ b/jos/05/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## rolled away the disgrace ## +# This day I have rolled away the disgrace of Egypt from you -This phrase means "removed your disgrace." AT: "removed your disgrace like the stone that blocks an entrance." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Their disgrace is spoken of as if it were a large stone that blocked their path. Here "rolled away" means "removed." AT: "This day I have removed the disgrace of Egypt from you" or "You were disgraced when you were slaves in Egypt. But, today I have caused you to no longer be disgraced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/10.md b/jos/05/10.md index 2873d150ca..0627487462 100644 --- a/jos/05/10.md +++ b/jos/05/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## fourteenth day ## +# the fourteenth day of the month -The day counted from the beginning of the month. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is near the end of March on Western calendars. AT: "the fourteenth day of the first month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/12.md b/jos/05/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 03f9a29f38..0000000000 --- a/jos/05/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/13.md b/jos/05/13.md index 644919b65b..7ab0e655d7 100644 --- a/jos/05/13.md +++ b/jos/05/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Behold ## +# he lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold, a man was standing -The word “behold” alerts us to pay special attention to new information. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses “There was a man who was…” +Here looking up is spoken of as if Joshua literally lifted his eyes in his hands. AT: "he looked up and saw that a man was standing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he had drawn his sword and it was in his hand ## +# behold + +The word "behold" alerts us to pay special attention to new information. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# he had drawn his sword and it was in his hand Here the words "he" and "his" refer to the man who was standing in front of Joshua. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/14.md b/jos/05/14.md index 0ee6aa2209..d31535db4b 100644 --- a/jos/05/14.md +++ b/jos/05/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## He said ## +# He said -"He" refers to the man Joshua saw. \ No newline at end of file +The word "he" refers to the man Joshua saw. + +# Neither + +This is the beginning of the man's answer to Joshua's question, "Are you for us or for our enemies?" This short answer could be clarified. AT: "I am neither for you nor for your enemies" + +# Joshua lay facedown on the ground to worship + +This was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Take off your sandals from your feet + +This was an act of reverence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/05/intro.md b/jos/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ec7952c138 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Joshua 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Circumcision ##### + +It would have been very unusual to be circumcised in a time of war. When men are circumcised they are unable to move without pain or to defend themselves in battle for several days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]]) + +##### Manna ##### + +Yahweh stops providing manna in this chapter and will no longer provide them with their daily allotment of food. This does not mean Yahweh's care and provision will stop. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/01.md b/jos/06/01.md index 0b7439f791..3c57aa4a4d 100644 --- a/jos/06/01.md +++ b/jos/06/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Now ## +# Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator tells us why the gates of Jericho are closed and locked up. -## your hand ## +# I have delivered Jericho into your hand, its king, and its trained soldiers -The word "hand" here refers to Joshua's power or authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is telling Joshua that he will certainly do this by saying that he has already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# into your hand + +This means "into your control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/03.md b/jos/06/03.md index 4d60888565..8a5fc547fc 100644 --- a/jos/06/03.md +++ b/jos/06/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## six days ## +# Connecting Statement: -A counted number of days. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +God continues telling Joshua what the people must do. -## seven priests ## +# You must do this for six days -A counted number of priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"You must do this once each day for six days" + +# Seven priests must carry seven trumpets of rams' horns before the ark + +The seven priests are to march in front of other priests who are carrying the ark and marching around the city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/05.md b/jos/06/05.md index 6a4d7704ce..ddfcd157f4 100644 --- a/jos/06/05.md +++ b/jos/06/05.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +God continues telling Joshua what the people must do. + +# they must sound a long blast with the ram's horn ... of the trumpet + +The word "they" refers to the seven priests. The "ram's horn" and "trumpet" refer to the trumpets of rams' horns that the priests were blowing in [Joshua 6:4](./03.md). + +# the wall of the city + +"the outer wall of the city" or "the wall surrounding the city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/06.md b/jos/06/06.md index a43a88e39d..963a679f4c 100644 --- a/jos/06/06.md +++ b/jos/06/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Nun ## +# Nun -This is a male name, Joshua's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is Joshua's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Take up the ark of the covenant + +"Pick up the ark of the covenant" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/08.md b/jos/06/08.md index 59bd3cb533..bce5a4d3cc 100644 --- a/jos/06/08.md +++ b/jos/06/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## gave a blast ## +# before Yahweh -AT "blew into his ram's horn trumpet." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "in obedience to Yahweh" or 2) "in front of Yahweh's ark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they gave a blast on the trumpets + +"they sounded the trumpets loudly" or "the priests blew into the ram's horn trumpets" + +# The ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them + +It can be stated clearly that there were people carrying the ark. AT: "The priests who were carrying the ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/10.md b/jos/06/10.md index 08fce29dfd..659aff3aea 100644 --- a/jos/06/10.md +++ b/jos/06/10.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# No sound must leave your mouths + +Sound leaving someone's mouth refers to that person's speaking or shouting. AT: "Do not yell or speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But Joshua commanded the people + +Joshua had commanded the people before they started walking around the city. AT: "Joshua had commanded the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/12.md b/jos/06/12.md index d2a3c1011c..26157c1e57 100644 --- a/jos/06/12.md +++ b/jos/06/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Israel continues to march around Jericho +# seven priests ... seven trumpets -## They did this ## +"7 priests ... 7 trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -This phrase means, "Israel marched around Jericho once." \ No newline at end of file +# gave blasts on the trumpets + +This means that they blew into their trumpets, causing them to make loud noises, multiple times. AT: "continually sounded the trumpets loudly" or "blew into the ram's horn trumpets continually" + +# the second day + +the next day (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# They did this + +Israel marched around Jericho once every day. + +# six days + +"6 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/15.md b/jos/06/15.md index c6d826ced6..ea9b2852f6 100644 --- a/jos/06/15.md +++ b/jos/06/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Day 7 +# the people -## people ## +This refers to the people of Israel. -refers to the people of Israel +# gave a blast with the trumpets -## given to you ## +"sounded the trumpets loudly" or "blew into the ram's horn trumpets" + +# Yahweh has given you + +Joshua is saying that Yahweh will definitely give them the city by saying that he has already given it to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# given you The word "you" refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/17.md b/jos/06/17.md index 70feb2985d..bdb06399b4 100644 --- a/jos/06/17.md +++ b/jos/06/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## treasury of Yahweh ## +# Connecting Statement: -A collection of things set apart for the worship of Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +Joshua continues speaking to the people of Israel. + +# The city and all that is in it will be set apart to Yahweh for destruction + +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it for destruction" or "You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it by destroying it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be on guard about taking the things + +Being careful is spoken of as if they are to guard themselves. "Be careful that you do not take the things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will bring trouble on it + +Doing something that makes bad things to happen to the city is spoken of as bringing trouble on it. AT: "you will cause bad things to happen to it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the treasury of Yahweh + +a collection of things set apart for the worship of Yahweh \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/20.md b/jos/06/20.md index cd59e97a2f..bfcae80631 100644 --- a/jos/06/20.md +++ b/jos/06/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the people ## +# the people gave a great shout -This phrase refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Israel shouted" -## the edge of the sword ## +# gave blasts with the trumpets -The word "edge" here refers to using the whole "sword." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"sounded the trumpets loudly" or "blew into the ram's horn trumpets" + +# They completely destroyed all that was in the city by the edge of the sword + +The "edge of the sword" represents the swords and other weapons that soldiers used in battle. AT: "They completely destroyed all that was in the city with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/22.md b/jos/06/22.md deleted file mode 100644 index 08fce29dfd..0000000000 --- a/jos/06/22.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/23.md b/jos/06/23.md index 08fce29dfd..01a11bbdd7 100644 --- a/jos/06/23.md +++ b/jos/06/23.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file +# They burned the city + +The word "they" refers to the Israelite soldiers. It does not refer only to the two young men who brought Rahab and her family out of the city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/25.md b/jos/06/25.md index 96c5605465..e4ea874063 100644 --- a/jos/06/25.md +++ b/jos/06/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## to this day ## +# She lives in Israel -AT "Continuously and still true at the time of this original writing." \ No newline at end of file +The word "She" refers to Rahab and represents her descendants. AT: "Her descendants live in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to this day + +"now" or "even today." Rahab's descendants are still living in Israel as the original writer writes this story. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/26.md b/jos/06/26.md index e629e79871..0850f0eb0a 100644 --- a/jos/06/26.md +++ b/jos/06/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## his fame spread ## +# Cursed is the man in Yahweh's sight who rebuilds -the word "his" here refers to Joshua. AT: "Joshua's fame spread" \ No newline at end of file +Being cursed in Yahweh's sight represents being cursed by Yahweh. AT: "May Yahweh curse the man who rebuilds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# At the cost of his firstborn son, he will lay the foundation + +The consequence of a man laying a new foundation for Jericho is that his firstborn son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. AT: "If he lays the foundation, he will lose his firstborn son" or "If he lays the foundation, his firstborn son will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# at the cost of his youngest son, he will set up its gates + +The consequence of a man setting up new gates for Jericho is that his youngest son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. AT: "If he sets up its gates, he will lose his youngest son" or "If he sets up it gates, his youngest son will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his fame spread throughout the land + +This refers to Joshua's fame, not Yahweh's. Becoming known among the people throughout the land is spoken of as if his fame spread. AT: "Joshua became famous throughout the land" or "people throughout the land learned about Joshua" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/06/intro.md b/jos/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..79f3f717bf --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Joshua 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh conquers ##### + +It was God, not the army, who gave them victory. It is said, "Shout! For Yahweh has given you the city." The circumstances of Israel's victory in the battle for Jericho were very unusual. It was never common to march around a city or to shout in order to win a military battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/01.md b/jos/07/01.md index 172ab88293..f070093902 100644 --- a/jos/07/01.md +++ b/jos/07/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Achan, Carmi, Zimri, Zerah ## +# the things that were set apart for destruction -These are the names of men. Translate Achan the same way in Joshua 7:10, 18-20, 24 and 22:20. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"the things that God had said they must set apart to him by destroying them" -## Yahweh's anger burned ## +# Achan ... Karmi ... Zabdi ... Zerah -"Anger" and "burned" indicates intensity, not that fire is present. AT:"Yahweh's anger burned like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Yahweh's anger burned + +"anger" and "burned" indicates intensity, not that fire is present. AT: "Yahweh's anger burned like a fire" or "Yahweh was very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/02.md b/jos/07/02.md index df2bfed1ed..ee97420ce3 100644 --- a/jos/07/02.md +++ b/jos/07/02.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## sent men ## +# all the people -The word "men" here means "soldiers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the army of Israel. -## all the people ## +# they are few in number -The word "people" here refers to the army of Israel. - -## they are few in number ## - -This phrase refers to the people of Ai. \ No newline at end of file +The word "they" refers to the people of Ai. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/04.md b/jos/07/04.md index 195120ec76..47f823e0c8 100644 --- a/jos/07/04.md +++ b/jos/07/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Joshua sends soldiers to Ai and is defeated. +# three thousand men went up from the army -## three thousand men ## +These men were part of the army. AT: "three thousand men belonging to the army went up" -The word "men" here refers to "soldiers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# three thousand men ... thirty-six men -## three thousand men... thirty-six men ## +"3,000 men ... 36 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -six men** - These refer to the number of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# The hearts of the people were afraid ... their courage left them -## the hearts of the people were afraid and their courage left them ## +These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined to emphasize that the people were extremely afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -The word "people" refers to Israel. These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. AT: “the people of Israel were terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# The hearts of the people were afraid + +Here the people are represented by their "hearts" to emphasize their emotions. AT: "The people were very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The hearts of the people + +The phrase "the people" refers to the Israelite soldiers. + +# their courage left them + +"they were no longer courageous" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/06.md b/jos/07/06.md index 54fe66c5e0..431e3234e3 100644 --- a/jos/07/06.md +++ b/jos/07/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## tore his garments... put dust on their heads and lay facedown on the ground in front of the ark of Yahweh ## +# tore his garments ... put dust on their heads and lay facedown on the ground in front of the ark of Yahweh -These are expressions of deep mourning or distress. Here the "ark of Yahweh" represents the Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +They did these things to show God how sad and distressed they were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# To give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us? + +Joshua was asking if this is the reason God had brought them across the Jordan. AT: "Did you do it in order to give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# To give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us? + +The hands of the Amorites represents their control and power. Giving the Israelites into their hands to destroy them represents allowing the Amorites to have control of the Israelites and destroy them. AT: "To allow the Amorites to destroy us? (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# If only we made a different decision + +The words "If only" show that this is a wish for something that had not happened. AT: "I wish we had made a different decision" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/08.md b/jos/07/08.md index 927bf568a6..724a4c3881 100644 --- a/jos/07/08.md +++ b/jos/07/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Joshua expresses frustration to God. -## Lord, what can I say, after Israel has turned their backs before their enemies! ## +# what can I say, after Israel has turned their backs before their enemies? -AT: O Lord, I have no more words to say to you. Israel has run away in defeat. We have turned our backs in shame as we ran away from our enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Joshua said this to show how upset he was that he did not even know what to say. AT: "I do not know what to say. Israel has turned their backs before their enemies!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## so what will you do for your great name ## +# Israel has turned their backs before their enemies -The phrase "your great name" here represents the reputation and power of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Doing this represents running away from their enemies. AT: "Israel has run away from their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will surround us and make the people of the earth forget our name + +Making people forget the name of the Israelites represents making them forget the Israelites. In this case they would do it by killing the Israelites. AT: "They will surround us and kill us, and the people of the earth will forget about us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for your great name + +The phrase "your great name" here represents God's reputation and power. AT: "And so what will you do so that people will know that you are great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What will you do for your great name? + +Joshua uses this question to warn God that if the Israelites are destroyed, then the other people will think that God is not great. AT: "Then there will be nothing you can do for your great name." or "Then people will not know that you are great." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/10.md b/jos/07/10.md index 477ee52f7d..517e4cd7c3 100644 --- a/jos/07/10.md +++ b/jos/07/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh tells Joshua why Israel is cursed. -## Why are you lying there on your face ## +# Why are you lying there on your face? -AT: "Stand up! Stop lying there with your face in the dirt! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +God used this question to rebuke Joshua for lying there on his face. AT: "Stop lying there with your face in the dirt!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the reserved things ## +# the things that were set apart -These are the things "marked for destruction" from [Joshua 6:17](../06/17.md). AT: "the cursed things" or "those things which God has cursed." \ No newline at end of file +These are the things "marked for destruction" from [Joshua 6:18-19](../06/17.md). AT: "the cursed things" or "those things which God has cursed" + +# They have stolen and then also hidden their sin + +Hiding their sin represents trying to keep others from knowing that they have sinned. AT: "They have stolen those things, and then they tried to keep people from knowing that they sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cannot stand before their enemies + +Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against their enemies. AT: "cannot fight successfully against their enemies" or "cannot defeat their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They turned their backs from their enemies + +Doing this represents running away from their enemies. AT: "They ran away from their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will not be with you any more + +Being with Israel represents helping Israel. AT: "I will not help you any more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/13.md b/jos/07/13.md index b6d16478b0..d6d29b4eb8 100644 --- a/jos/07/13.md +++ b/jos/07/13.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh tells Joshua how to remove the curse on Israel. +# Connecting Statement: -## people ## +Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua and tells him what to tell the people. -The word "people" refers to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the people + +This refers to the people of Israel. + +# You cannot stand against your enemies + +Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against them. AT: "You cannot fight successfully against your enemies" or "You cannot defeat your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/14.md b/jos/07/14.md index b20d0e79bc..437f1fd50c 100644 --- a/jos/07/14.md +++ b/jos/07/14.md @@ -1 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh continues to tell Joshua how to lift Israel's curse. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Yahweh continues telling Joshua what he must tell the people. + +# you must present yourselves by your tribes + +There were twelve tribes that made up the people of Israel. The phrase "by your tribes" means "each tribe." AT: "each of your tribes must present themselves to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The tribe that Yahweh selects will come near by their clans + +The tribe was made up of multiple clans. AT: "From the tribe that Yahweh selects, each clan will come near" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The tribe that Yahweh selects + +The leaders of Israel would toss lots, and by doing this, they would learn which tribe Yahweh had selected. This can be stated clearly. AT: "The tribe that Yahweh selects by lot" or "The tribe that Yahweh selects when we toss lots" + +# The clan that Yahweh selects must come near by each household + +The clan was made up of multiple households. AT: "From the clan that Yahweh selects, each household must come near" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The household that Yahweh selects must come near one by one + +The household was made up of multiple people. AT: "From the household that Yahweh selects, each person must come near" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the one who is selected + +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "the one whom Yahweh selects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he has broken the covenant of Yahweh + +Breaking the covenant represents disobeying it. AT: "he has disobeyed the covenant of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/16.md b/jos/07/16.md index 21bfbc54b3..46e013191b 100644 --- a/jos/07/16.md +++ b/jos/07/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Joshua follows Yahweh's command to bring Israel before Yahweh. -## Zabdi ... Carmi ... Zerah ## +# brought Israel near, tribe by tribe -men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The phrase "tribe by tribe" means each tribe. AT: "brought each tribe of Israel near" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Achan ## +# the tribe of Judah was selected -Translate this man's name as you did in [Joshua 7:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh selected the tribe of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Zerahites ## +# He brought near the clan of the Zerahites person by person -"descendants of Zerah" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "person by person" is an idiom meaning each person. The persons in this sentence were the leaders of their households. AT: "He brought near each person of the clan of the Zerahites" or "From the clan of the Zerahites, he brought near each man who was the leader of his household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the clan of the Zerahites + +The clan was named after the man named Zerah. + +# Zabdi ... Achan ... Karmi ... Zerah + +These are men's names. Translate them as you did in [Joshua 7:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/19.md b/jos/07/19.md index c6e730bc17..d398ec0d37 100644 --- a/jos/07/19.md +++ b/jos/07/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Joshua hears Achan's confession. +# give your confession to him -## shekels ## +The abstract noun "confession" can be expressed with the verb "confess." AT: "confess to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -a small unit of weight (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Do not hide it from me + +Hiding information represents trying to keep someone from knowing it. AT: "Do not try to prevent me from knowing what you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# two hundred shekels + +This is over two kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fifty shekels + +This is over 500 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# They are hidden in the ground + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I hid them in the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/22.md b/jos/07/22.md index c473046a5b..49019ccfbd 100644 --- a/jos/07/22.md +++ b/jos/07/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## they looked ## +# they looked "the men Joshua had sent looked" -## poured them out ## +# poured them out -Use the word in your language for pouring many small solid things out of a large bag out on the ground. \ No newline at end of file +Use the word in your language for pouring many small solid things out of a large bag onto the ground. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/24.md b/jos/07/24.md index 8b050231e6..0edebc3ade 100644 --- a/jos/07/24.md +++ b/jos/07/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## Achan ## +# the Valley of Achor -Translate this man's name as you did in [Joshua 7:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Achor ## - -See note on "Achor" at [Joshua 7:25](./25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The name means "Valley of Trouble," but it is best to translate Achor the way it sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/25.md b/jos/07/25.md index 331ae4fa81..cce4f8fb82 100644 --- a/jos/07/25.md +++ b/jos/07/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## they burned them all, and they stoned them ## +# Why have you troubled us? -Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites burned Achan's family to death and then covered them with stones (see UDB) or 2) the Israelites stoned Achan's family to death and then burned the dead bodies. +Joshua uses this question to rebuke Achan. AT: "You have troubled us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Valley of Achor ## +# Then they stoned the rest with stones and burned them with fire. -The name means "Valley of Trouble," but it is best to translate this the way it sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites burned Achan's family to death and then covered them with stones or 2) the Israelites stoned Achan's family to death and then burned the dead bodies or 3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned. -## until this present day ## +# Yahweh turned away his burning anger -until the time the writer wrote the book \ No newline at end of file +Turning away his anger represents stopping being angry. Burning anger represents strong anger. AT: "Yahweh stopped being angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until this present day + +It was still called the valley of Achor at the time the author wrote this. AT: "even today" or "even now" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/07/intro.md b/jos/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d480ecb43e --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Joshua 07 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sin brought defeat ##### + +It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/01.md b/jos/08/01.md index 8322fdd9ff..033f934a89 100644 --- a/jos/08/01.md +++ b/jos/08/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Do not fear; do not be discouraged ## +# Do not fear; do not be discouraged -These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that there is no reason to be afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that there is no reason to be afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I have given into your hand the king of Ai ... and his land + +Giving them into Israel's hand represents giving Israel victory and control over them. AT: "I have given you victory over the king of Ai and his people, and I have given you control over his city and his land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have given + +God speaks of what he promises to do as though he had already done it, because he will certainly do it. AT: "I will certainly give" or "I am giving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# her king + +The word "her" refers to the city of Ai. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. AT: "its king" or "their king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/03.md b/jos/08/03.md index 765d58ae5b..221555dec4 100644 --- a/jos/08/03.md +++ b/jos/08/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the men of war ## +# the men of war -"the soldiers" \ No newline at end of file +"the army of Israel" + +# thirty thousand men + +"30,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/05.md b/jos/08/05.md index 5ad23e4682..900f35546a 100644 --- a/jos/08/05.md +++ b/jos/08/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Joshua continues to explain the battle plan to his soldiers. -## give it into your hand ## +# will give it into your hand -"allow you to defeat that city's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" symbolizes the control and power the people have over their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/08.md b/jos/08/08.md index d2f56028f8..a723f2600f 100644 --- a/jos/08/08.md +++ b/jos/08/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Joshua finishes explaining the battle plan to his soldiers. -## the place of ambush ## +# Joshua sent them out + +This phrase refers to Joshua sending the thirty thousand men who had been selected to ambush Ai to where they would set the ambush. + +# the place of ambush "where they would hide until it was time to attack" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/10.md b/jos/08/10.md index cfe45199d4..22d38704b2 100644 --- a/jos/08/10.md +++ b/jos/08/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## five thousand men ## +# five thousand men -This group seems to be a portion of the “thirty thousand men” ([Joshua 8:8](./08.md)). This smaller group remained in the ambush while the other 25,000 attacked the city. \ No newline at end of file +"5,000 men." This group seems to be a portion of the "thirty thousand men" ([Joshua 8:9](./08.md)). This smaller group remained in the ambush while the other 25,000 men attacked the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/13.md b/jos/08/13.md index bca9b14fed..5c31afe22c 100644 --- a/jos/08/13.md +++ b/jos/08/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + The Israelites prepare to fight the people of Ai. -## main army ## +# the main army -"largest group of soldiers" +This refers to the largest group of fighting men, those not in the ambush group. -## rear guard ## +# rear guard -those "set ... in ambush" ([Joshua 8:10](./10.md)) \ No newline at end of file +those who were "set in ambush on the west side of the city" (See: [Joshua 8:12](./10.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/15.md b/jos/08/15.md index b50709fbba..35df912f35 100644 --- a/jos/08/15.md +++ b/jos/08/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## let themselves be defeated before them ## +# let themselves be defeated before them -AT: "acted as if the men of Ai were defeating them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"let themselves be defeated before the people of Ai." The phrase "before them" represents what the people of Ai would see and think. AT: "let the people of Ai think that the Israelites were defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## All the people who were in the city were called together ## +# let themselves be defeated before them -"The city leaders called all the people in the city together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The phrase "be defeated" can be stated in active form. AT: "let the people of Ai think that they had defeated the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## All the people who were in the city ## +# before them ... they went after ... they were drawn away -"All the soldiers" (see UDB) +The words "them" and "they" here refer to the army of Ai. -## They abandoned the city ## +# they fled ... go after them -"They left the city completely without protection" or "After they left, there was no one in the city to protect it" \ No newline at end of file +The words "they" and "them" here refer to the army of Isreal. + +# All the people who were in the city were called together + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The city leaders called all the people in the city together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All the people who were in the city + +The writer speaks in a general way about all the people, but "all the people" refers only to those who could fight. AT: "all the people in the city who could help chase the army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# left it open + +"left the city gates open" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/18.md b/jos/08/18.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4dd7f82e4b --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/08/18.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# I will give Ai into your hand + +Giving Ai into Israel's hand represents giving Israel victory and control over Ai. AT: "I will give you victory over Ai" or "I will cause you to capture Ai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/20.md b/jos/08/20.md deleted file mode 100644 index fd2644e59e..0000000000 --- a/jos/08/20.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -## The men of Ai turned ... they saw ... Joshua and all Israel ... turned around ... they killed ## - -These are the main events in the story. If your language has a way of marking that the writer adds all the words from "they saw the smoke from the city rising" to "with the smoke rising" so the reader understands why "they turned around and they killed," you may want to use it here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/24.md b/jos/08/24.md index c95ec27a1a..6b587aa7a9 100644 --- a/jos/08/24.md +++ b/jos/08/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## when Israel had finished killing all the inhabitants ... when all of them ... had fallen by the edge of the sword ## +# when Israel had finished killing all the inhabitants ... when all of them ... had fallen by the edge of the sword The writer uses both of these sentences, which mean almost the same thing, to strongly say that the Israelites had obeyed God's command to kill everyone in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## had fallen by the edge of the sword ## +# had fallen by the edge of the sword -"had been killed with swords by the army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "fallen" is a euphemism for dying. Also, "the edge of the sword" represents whole swords, and swords represent either battle or the army of Israel. AT: "had died in battle" or "had died when the army of Israel attacked them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# twelve thousand + +"12,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/27.md b/jos/08/27.md index ae2fa60f64..fe1cf601ba 100644 --- a/jos/08/27.md +++ b/jos/08/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## an abandoned place ## +# an abandoned place -a place where people once lived, but now, no one lives there. \ No newline at end of file +It is a place where people once lived, but now, no one lives there. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/29.md b/jos/08/29.md index cb6984d523..d0bde28985 100644 --- a/jos/08/29.md +++ b/jos/08/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## this day ## +# to this day -the time the writer wrote the book \ No newline at end of file +"today" or "even now" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/30.md b/jos/08/30.md index 5fb5317b2e..a74aaada8e 100644 --- a/jos/08/30.md +++ b/jos/08/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## built ## +# Mount Ebal -AT: "made" or "created" - -## Mount Ebal ## - -a mountain in Canaan (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## wrote on the stones ## - -AT: "wrote on stones set up near the altar" (see 8:31 and UDB) - -## a copy of the Law of Moses ## - -a copy of a representative part of the Law, probably the Ten Commandments (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +a mountain in Canaan (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/33.md b/jos/08/33.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0dc64ba0b6..0000000000 --- a/jos/08/33.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -No Translation Notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/34.md b/jos/08/34.md index 525b493ce6..730fef6508 100644 --- a/jos/08/34.md +++ b/jos/08/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## There was not one word from all that Moses commanded that Joshua did not read in front of the assembly of Israel ## +# There was not one word from all that Moses commanded that Joshua did not read -This phrase means AT: "Joshua read the entire Law of Moses to those assembled." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This can be expressed positively. AT: "Joshua read every word of all that Moses commanded" or "Joshua read the entire law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## Israel ## +# Israel This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/08/intro.md b/jos/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6c83ec8137 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Joshua 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sin brought defeat ##### +It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. Because they repented, Yahweh brought victory to Israel in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +##### Built an altar ##### +Altars were commonly built in the Ancient Near East to commemorate important events. Several altars were built in the Book of Joshua. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/01.md b/jos/09/01.md index 7ad471a232..ce2aa1334c 100644 --- a/jos/09/01.md +++ b/jos/09/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the Jordan ## +# the Jordan -A shortened name for the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +a shortened name for the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# under one command + +Here "command" represents the one who commanded them. Being under him represents obeying his commands. AT: "obeying the commands of one leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/03.md b/jos/09/03.md index 8abb1587a2..b1463358f2 100644 --- a/jos/09/03.md +++ b/jos/09/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## cunning plan ## +# cunning plan -AT: "a deceitful plan intended to trick another" +a crafty scheme intended to trick Joshua and the Israelites -## dry and moldy ## +# dry and moldy -AT: "dry and filled with fungus" or "stale and ruined" \ No newline at end of file +"dry and filled with fungus" or "stale and ruined" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/06.md b/jos/09/06.md index 8d6e778014..6df5ee2eab 100644 --- a/jos/09/06.md +++ b/jos/09/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -Gibeonites try to fool the nation of Israel. +# men of Israel -## men of Israel ## +This refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -This refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# the Hivites -## the Hivites ## +This is another name for the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -These are also the Gibeonites. +# Perhaps you live near us. How can we make a covenant with you? -## Perhaps you live near us. How can we make a treaty with you? ## - -Joshua is emphasizing that the people of Israel have to follow the command of Yahweh above all else. AT:"If you do live near us, we cannot make a treaty with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Joshua is emphasizing that the people of Israel have to follow the command of Yahweh above all else. AT: "If you do live near us, we cannot make a covenant with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/09.md b/jos/09/09.md index 817299c8c0..6583a6659e 100644 --- a/jos/09/09.md +++ b/jos/09/09.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -The Gibeonites continue to deceive Joshua and the nation of Israel. +# the Jordan -## Sihon ## +This is a shortened name for the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This is the name of a man. The name of the defeated Amorite king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Sihon -## Og ## +This is the name of the defeated Amorite king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This is the name of a man. The name of the defeated king of Bashan. +# Heshbon -## the Jordan ## +This is the name of the royal city of the nation of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This is a shortened name for the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Og -## Heshbon ## +This is the name of the defeated king of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This is the name of the royal city of the nation of Moab. +# Ashtaroth -## Ashtaroth ## - -This is the name of a city known for worshiping the goddess of the same name. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city known for worshiping the goddess of the same name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/11.md b/jos/09/11.md index 3efc529bcd..7f69cef552 100644 --- a/jos/09/11.md +++ b/jos/09/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -Gibeonits continue to deceive the nation of Israel. +# in your hand -## in your hand ## +This phrase means "take with you." Here the word "hand" represents the possession by the Gibeonites of the provisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -This phrase means "take with you". Here the word "hand" represents a whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# meet them and say to them -## meet them; say to them ## - -The word "them refers to the people of Israel. - -## wineskins ## - -a leather bag or bottle made to contain and carry wine. \ No newline at end of file +The word "them" refers to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/14.md b/jos/09/14.md index f96b257c52..60094e70e2 100644 --- a/jos/09/14.md +++ b/jos/09/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -The Gibeonites succeed in deceiving the nation of Israel. +# Joshua made peace with them and made a covenant with them, to let them live. The leaders of the people also made a vow to them. -## Joshua made peace with them and made a solemn promise secured with blood, to let them live. The leaders of Israel also made a vow to them ## +These two sentences are saying that the same thing occurred. Joshua, the leader of the nation of Israel, promised not to kill the Gibeonites. The leaders of the nation of Israel, likewise, made the same covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -These two sentences are saying that the same thing occurred. Joshua, the leader of the nation of Israel, promised not to kill the Gibeonites. The leaders of the nation of Israel, likewise, made the same covenant. AT:"Joshua and the leaders of Israel made a blood covenant with the people of Gibeon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## a solemn promise secured with blood ## - -This is a promise of blood for blood, or life for life that the people of Israel would not kill and was agreed to by an oath, using the name of Yahweh. - -## the people ## +# the people Here this refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/16.md b/jos/09/16.md index cd2ebd7fd2..910f43d83b 100644 --- a/jos/09/16.md +++ b/jos/09/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -The nation of Israel finds out that Gibeon tricked them. - -## third day ## +# third day This refers to number three in order. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Chephirah ## +# Kephirah -one of the cities of the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is one of the cities of the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Beeroth ## +# Beeroth -The name of a place. +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Kirjath Jearim ## +# Kiriath Jearim -Name means city of woods or forests. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/18.md b/jos/09/18.md index 43b3cbd471..7a10e55510 100644 --- a/jos/09/18.md +++ b/jos/09/18.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -Israel must keep their oath with Gibeon. - -## the people ## +# the people Here this phrase refers to the nation of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/20.md b/jos/09/20.md index 2507978f9f..a079f90db5 100644 --- a/jos/09/20.md +++ b/jos/09/20.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -The nation of Israel keeps their promise and lets the Gibeonites live. \ No newline at end of file +# the Gibeonites became cutters of wood and drawers of water + +"the Gibeonites became woodcutters and water carriers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/22.md b/jos/09/22.md index 8300bf7266..97cdffab44 100644 --- a/jos/09/22.md +++ b/jos/09/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## house of my God ## +# house of my God Here this phrase refers to the dwelling place of Yahweh, the Tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/24.md b/jos/09/24.md index fe773ce1cb..cfd761a0f7 100644 --- a/jos/09/24.md +++ b/jos/09/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Whatever seems good and right ## +# Whatever seems good and right The words "good" and "right" mean basically the same thing. AT: "Whatever seems fair and just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/26.md b/jos/09/26.md index 6cd2764e81..e67bfe70f7 100644 --- a/jos/09/26.md +++ b/jos/09/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## for them ## +# for them -The word "them" here refers to the Gibeonites. \ No newline at end of file +The word "them" here refers to the Gibeonites. + +# to this day + +"even up to now." This means that the people had continued to do these things even up to the day that the writer was living. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/09/intro.md b/jos/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..10139d2315 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Joshua 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel's mistake ##### + +Israel was deceived because "they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance." Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/01.md b/jos/10/01.md index 91f081e9e6..5a6f781266 100644 --- a/jos/10/01.md +++ b/jos/10/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the writer tells about a new person in the story, Adonizedek. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the writer tells about a new person in the story, Adoni-Zedek. -## Adonizedek ## +# Adoni-Zedek -This is the male name of an important king (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/03.md b/jos/10/03.md index 81417ca7ca..13c37f6dc9 100644 --- a/jos/10/03.md +++ b/jos/10/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## Jarmuth ## +# Jarmuth ... Lachish ... Eglon -A town in the low country of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Lachish ## +# Hoham ... Piram ... Japhia ... Debir -Is generally regarded as the second most important city in the southern kingdom of Judah. +These are the names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Eglon ## +# Come up to me -A town of Judah in the low country, known as the "city of palm trees". - -## Hoham, Piram, Japhia, and Debir ## - -These are male names of kings (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Come up to me ## - -AT:"travel to were I am" \ No newline at end of file +"Travel to where I am." Jerusalem was higher in elevation than other cities in Canaan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/05.md b/jos/10/05.md index 887592efcd..97066582d5 100644 --- a/jos/10/05.md +++ b/jos/10/05.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# five kings + +"5 kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Jarmuth ... Lachish ... Eglon + +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They set up their positions against Gibeon + +This means they set up their camp around their city. This was a way of weakening those in the city. It prevented people from escaping the city, and it prevented others from bringing food and water to them in the city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/06.md b/jos/10/06.md index aa665e6136..18082bff04 100644 --- a/jos/10/06.md +++ b/jos/10/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## they said ## +# They said -the word "they" here refers to Gibeonites. +The word "They" here refers to Gibeonites. -## Do not withdraw your hands ## +# Do not withdraw your hands from your servants -The word "hands" here refers to the people of Israel's strength, promised to the Gibeonites through the previous vow. AT: "keep and protect us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This humble request is stated with two negatives to emphasize the need for a positive action. AT: "Please come and use your strength to protect us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# your hands + +The word "hands" here refers to the people of Israel's strength. AT: "your strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/08.md b/jos/10/08.md index 1799d4fa51..1cdd2cb008 100644 --- a/jos/10/08.md +++ b/jos/10/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## I have given them into your hand ## +# I have given them into your hand -Here "hand" represents the people of Israel's strength and their ability to defeat their enemy. The word "them" refers to the attacking army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" represents the people of Israel's strength and their ability to defeat their enemy. The word "them" refers to the attacking army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have given them + +Here the word "them" refers to the attacking armies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/09.md b/jos/10/09.md index 18dee9cca5..4972d40a9e 100644 --- a/jos/10/09.md +++ b/jos/10/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Joshua came ## +# Joshua came The entire army of Israel is referred to here by the name of their commander, Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Beth Horon ## +# Yahweh confused the enemy before Israel -Means "house of the hollow" or "of the cavern". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here "Israel" refers to the entire army of Israel. -## Azekah... Makkedah ## +# Beth Horon ... Azekah ... Makkedah -These are the names of a places \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/11.md b/jos/10/11.md index 0370bec352..a0a431ea34 100644 --- a/jos/10/11.md +++ b/jos/10/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## threw large stones down from the sky ## +# Beth Horon ... Azekah -AT: "large hailstones Yahweh threw from the sky." \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# threw large stones down from heaven + +"threw large hailstones from the sky" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/12.md b/jos/10/12.md index 9999f36c0a..fee2380370 100644 --- a/jos/10/12.md +++ b/jos/10/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Sun, be still at Gibeon, and moon, in the Valley of Aijalon ## +# Sun, be still at Gibeon, and moon, in the Valley of Aijalon Joshua is praying that Yahweh would make the progression of time stop on this day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Valley of Aijalon ## +# Sun ... moon + +Joshua commands the sun and moon as if these were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Valley of Aijalon This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/13.md b/jos/10/13.md index b1c2212f1b..e7c86fbc6a 100644 --- a/jos/10/13.md +++ b/jos/10/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the nation ## +# the nation -This refers to the people of Israel. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Is this not written in the Book of Jashar? ## +# Is this not written in The Book of Jashar? -AT: "This is written in the Book of Jashar." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer uses this question as background information to remind the reader that the incident is well-documented. AT: "This is written in The Book of Jashar." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/15.md b/jos/10/15.md index a3def21241..28d4a77643 100644 --- a/jos/10/15.md +++ b/jos/10/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Makkedah ## +# Makkedah -The name means “a place of shepherds”. A chief city of the Canaanites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# It was told to Joshua + +Messengers came and told Joshua. AT: "Someone told Joshua" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/18.md b/jos/10/18.md index 50d62111d4..d4b5113663 100644 --- a/jos/10/18.md +++ b/jos/10/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## into your hand ## +# into your hand -The phrase "your hand" here means "your control." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "your hand" here means "your control." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/20.md b/jos/10/20.md index 1b7de70deb..cc06a68a7a 100644 --- a/jos/10/20.md +++ b/jos/10/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Makkedah ## +# Makkedah -Translate the same way as you did in [Joshua 10:9](./09.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Translate the same way as you did in [Joshua 10:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# No one dared to say one word against + +"No one dared to say anything against" or "No one dared to complain or protest against" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/22.md b/jos/10/22.md index 3d8bf89ea1..2cdf62f171 100644 --- a/jos/10/22.md +++ b/jos/10/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Jarmuth... Lachish... Eglon ## +# Open the mouth of the cave -These are the names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "mouth" is an idiom that means "entrance." AT: "Open the entrance of the cave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Jarmuth ... Lachish ... Eglon + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/24.md b/jos/10/24.md index 39b49eb2ff..b5a5ceab65 100644 --- a/jos/10/24.md +++ b/jos/10/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## every man of Israel ## +# every man of Israel -every soldier of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the men of Israel represent only those who were soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/26.md b/jos/10/26.md index 15f3cbb2be..d3b001a174 100644 --- a/jos/10/26.md +++ b/jos/10/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## cave ## +# to this very day -a hollow place within the earth - -## to this very day ## - -AT: "are still there" \ No newline at end of file +"until the author wrote this story" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/28.md b/jos/10/28.md index 60aa215001..0dd02007be 100644 --- a/jos/10/28.md +++ b/jos/10/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## He completely destroyed them and every living creature there. He left no survivors. ## +# Makkedah -The second sentence summarizes the first sentence to emphasize that he left no person or animal alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Joshua 10:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He completely destroyed them and every living creature there. He left no survivors. + +The second sentence summarizes the first sentence to emphasize that Joshua left no person or animal alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/29.md b/jos/10/29.md index e91a4e7b88..9cecb4dc84 100644 --- a/jos/10/29.md +++ b/jos/10/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Libnah ## +# Libnah -This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## gave it into the hand of Israel ## +# gave it into the hand of Israel -Here "hand" means "control of." AT: "gave control of it to Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" means "control of." AT: "gave control of it to Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/31.md b/jos/10/31.md index 12c90dad12..7eee9bcd6b 100644 --- a/jos/10/31.md +++ b/jos/10/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Lachish and Libnah ## +# Libnah ... Lachish -These are the names of important cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## into the hand of Israel ## +# into the hand of Israel -This phrase means "giving control to the nation of Israel." AT: "Yahweh gave Lachish into the control of the nation of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here their "hand" represents their control. AT: "Yahweh gave Lachish into the control of the nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/33.md b/jos/10/33.md index 50d16a77d1..3e4e4175d7 100644 --- a/jos/10/33.md +++ b/jos/10/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Horam ## +# Horam -This is the male name of a king (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gezer ## +# Gezer ... Lachish -A Canaanite city-state in the foothills of the Judaean Mountains. \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/34.md b/jos/10/34.md index 7fb6e34839..6490ff45a1 100644 --- a/jos/10/34.md +++ b/jos/10/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Eglon ## +# Lachish ... Eglon -A town of Judah in the low country, known as the "city of palm trees". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## attacked with the sword and killed ## +# struck it with the sword ... completely destroyed everyone in it -These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they show the completeness of the destruction of Eglon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases have similar meanings. Together they show the completeness of the destruction of Eglon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/36.md b/jos/10/36.md index d464732a6d..e8eeef2432 100644 --- a/jos/10/36.md +++ b/jos/10/36.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## They killed every living creature in it, leaving no survivors... He completely destroyed it, and every living creature in it. ## +# Eglon + +This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Joshua 10:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They captured it and struck with the sword + +The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. AT: "They captured and killed and destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They completely destroyed every living creature in it, leaving no survivors ... He completely destroyed it, and every living creature in it. These two sentence are saying basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Together they emphasize the completeness of the destruction of Hebron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/38.md b/jos/10/38.md index 4acb961915..f62a209a18 100644 --- a/jos/10/38.md +++ b/jos/10/38.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Debir ## +# Debir ... Libnah -This is the names of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They struck them with the sword + +The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. AT: "They killed and destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/40.md b/jos/10/40.md index 3160ed39bb..c0cdb8ebd5 100644 --- a/jos/10/40.md +++ b/jos/10/40.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Of all their kings he left not one survivor. He completely destroyed every living thing ## +# Of all their kings he left not one survivor. He completely destroyed every living thing -These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize the complete destruction that the people of Israel accomplished at Yahweh's command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize the complete destruction that the people of Israel accomplished at Yahweh's command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Joshua struck them with the sword + +The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. AT: "Joshua killed and destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/42.md b/jos/10/42.md index a612cf6c15..cef8145719 100644 --- a/jos/10/42.md +++ b/jos/10/42.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## returned to the camp ## +# Joshua captured all these kings and their land -AT: went back to the camp \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the kings and lands that were listed beginning in [Joshua 10:28](./28.md). + +# Joshua captured + +Here Joshua represents his whole army. AT: "Joshua and his soldiers captured" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# at one time + +This does not mean in one day. It means during one military campaign, which may have lasted many days or weeks. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/10/intro.md b/jos/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e6f38b95ed --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Joshua 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Some translations prefer to set apart extended or important quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 10:12-13, which is a quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "For Yahweh was waging war on behalf of Israel" ##### +Israel's conquest of the Promised Land was Yahweh's war on the ungodly Canaanites more than Israel's war. This type of war was different from other wars and God gave Israel special instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### + +The people of Gibeon used an idiom when they called for help from Israel: "Do not withdraw your hands," meaning "do not stop protecting." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/01.md b/jos/11/01.md index 03975c5462..6243fb5782 100644 --- a/jos/11/01.md +++ b/jos/11/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Jabin... Jobab ## +# Jabin ... Jobab -These are the male names of kings (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hazor... Mason... Shimron... Acshaph... Chinneroth... Dor... Mount Hermon ## +# Hazor ... Madon ... Shimron ... Akshaph ... Kinnereth ... Naphoth Dor ... Mount Hermon -These are the names of places. \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/04.md b/jos/11/04.md index 7471374599..bddf579888 100644 --- a/jos/11/04.md +++ b/jos/11/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + All the Canaanite kings attack Joshua and the nation of Israel. -## like the sand on the seashore ## +# a great number of soldiers, in number like the sand on the seashore -This is deliberate exaggeration. AT: "a very great many" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +No one can count the grains of sand on the seashore. This exaggeration emphasizes the very large number of soldiers that these kings assembled. AT: "such a great number of soldiers that there appeared to be as many of them as there are grains of sand on the seashore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Merom ## +# Merom This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/06.md b/jos/11/06.md index a3a11096fa..24ee6f0c89 100644 --- a/jos/11/06.md +++ b/jos/11/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## I am giving them all to Israel as dead men ## +# I am giving them all to Israel as dead men -Yahweh is assuring the nation of Israel that the enemy armies will be made powerless before them, so that they will be defeated. +Yahweh enabling Israel to conquer the enemy army and kill all of the soldiers is spoken of as if Yahweh killed the soldiers and then gave them to Israel. AT: "I will enable Israel to kill all of them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## hamstring their horses ## +# hamstring their horses -This is a practices where the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot walk or run. AT: "cut the legs of the horses to disable them." +"cripple their horses by cutting their legs." This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot walk. -## Merom ## +# Merom -This is the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/08.md b/jos/11/08.md index 6f902ec48c..5b38668e7c 100644 --- a/jos/11/08.md +++ b/jos/11/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## gave the enemy into the hand of Israel ## +# Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel -Here the word "hand" represents control. Also, "Israel" is a shortened name for the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "hand" represents power. Yahweh enabling the army of Israel to conquer their enemy is spoken of as if Yahweh had put the enemy army into Israel's hand. AT: "Yahweh enabled Israel to conquer the enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## attacked them with the sword ## +# struck them with the sword ... struck them -attacked them with weapons (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "sword" represents all of the weapons that they used to attack their enemies. AT: "attacked them with their weapons ... attacked them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Misrephothmaim ## +# Misrephoth Maim -this is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# hamstrung + +This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run. See how you translated this word in [Joshua 11:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/10.md b/jos/11/10.md index 5909470bd5..33c16bd942 100644 --- a/jos/11/10.md +++ b/jos/11/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## He struck its king with the sword ## +# He struck its king with the sword -This a more polite way to say "killed." AT: "Joshua killed the king of Hazor with his sword." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"Joshua killed the king of Hazor with his sword" -## Hazor ## +# Hazor had been head of all these kingdoms -This is the name of the most prominent city of all of the enemy armies (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Hazor being the most important city is spoken of as Hazor being the head of the other kingdoms. AT: Hazor had been the most important of all these kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## They attacked with the sword every living creature that was there... so there was not any living creature left alive ## +# They struck with the sword every living creature that was there ... so there was not any living creature left alive -These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# he set them apart to be destroyed + +The word "he" refers to Joshua and represents himself and his army. Completely destroying every living thing in the city is spoken of as if those living things were dedicated for destruction. AT: "the army completely destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/12.md b/jos/11/12.md index 202a89696a..0f58c44448 100644 --- a/jos/11/12.md +++ b/jos/11/12.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -No translation notes in this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# struck them with the sword + +"killed them" + +# cities built on mounds + +"cities built on small hills" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/14.md b/jos/11/14.md index e73d043909..d75753b39a 100644 --- a/jos/11/14.md +++ b/jos/11/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## for themselves ## +# for themselves This phrase refers to the army of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## They killed every human being with the sword until all were dead. They left no living creature alive. ## +# They killed every human being with the sword until all were dead. They left no living creature alive. -These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He left nothing undone of all that Yahweh commanded Moses to do + +This negative phrase emphasizes that Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded. AT: "Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/16.md b/jos/11/16.md index 98a13435a9..57fef2d723 100644 --- a/jos/11/16.md +++ b/jos/11/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Mount Halak... Baalgad... Mount Hermon ## +# Mount Halak ... Baal Gad -These are the names of a places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/18.md b/jos/11/18.md index 9afeb5f54a..0f34a57a9a 100644 --- a/jos/11/18.md +++ b/jos/11/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## hardened their hearts ## +# it was Yahweh who hardened their hearts -This is describing the human heart as hard like a stone: meaning stubborn and unfeeling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh causing the people of the cities to be stubborn is spoken of as if Yahweh had hardened their hearts. AT: "it was Yahweh who caused them to act stubbornly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/21.md b/jos/11/21.md index 2a4fe71ee3..2945a233cb 100644 --- a/jos/11/21.md +++ b/jos/11/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Anakim ## +# Anakim These are the descendants of Anak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Debir... Anab ## +# Debir ... Anab These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/23.md b/jos/11/23.md index e9249676f7..fc3a12c82d 100644 --- a/jos/11/23.md +++ b/jos/11/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## inheritance to Israel ## +# Joshua gave it as an inheritance to Israel -The word "Israel" here refers to the nation of Israel as a whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Joshua giving the land to the Israelites is spoken of as if he had given the Israelites an inheritance as a permanent possession. AT: "Joshua gave the land to the Israelites as a permanent possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the land had rest from the wars ## +# the land had rest from the wars -The "land" here "had rest" like a person. AT: "Canaan did not have wars for a while." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. AT: "the people no longer fought wars in the land" or "there was peace in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/11/intro.md b/jos/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8b7597b0e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Joshua 11 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh overcomes the united forces of the northern kingdoms ##### + +Yahweh said to Joshua, "Do not be afraid in their presence, because tomorrow at this time I am giving them all to Israel as dead men." Even when the kingdoms of Canaan joined forces, they were not able to overcome the power of Yahweh. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### "Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel" ##### +This phrase may present difficulties in translation. The translator should ensure that Yahweh receives credit for Israel's victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/01.md b/jos/12/01.md index f3c78a993e..e92a42bfe7 100644 --- a/jos/12/01.md +++ b/jos/12/01.md @@ -1,39 +1,15 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here [the narrator] tells background information about … (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the writer begins to provide background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## these are the kings ## +# these are the kings -Refers to the listing of kings continuing through verse 24. +This refers to the list of kings that continues through verse 24. -## the Jordan ## +# Arabah ... Aroer -A shortened name for the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Arnon ## +# Sihon ... Heshbon -This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Hermon ## - -Translate the same way as noted in [Joshua 11:16](../11/16.md) - -## Arabah ## - -This is the name of a place. - -## Heshbon ## - -Translate the same way as noted in [Joshua 9:9](../09/09.md). - -## Aroer ## - -This is the name of a place. - -## Jabbok ## - -This is the name of a place - -## Sihon ## - -The male name of a king. (See note at [Joshua 9:9](../09/09.md)) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these words in [Joshua 9:10](../09/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/03.md b/jos/12/03.md index 43f8187ae9..ced59bdcf8 100644 --- a/jos/12/03.md +++ b/jos/12/03.md @@ -1,43 +1,15 @@ -## Sihon ## +# Sea of Kinnereth -The name of defeated Amorite king. Translate the same way as [Joshua 2:10](../02/10.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a place. See how you translated this in [Joshua 11:2](../11/01.md). -## Og ## +# Beth Jeshimoth ... Mount Pisgah ... Ashtaroth ... Edrei ... Salekah -The name of defeated king of Bashan. Translate the same way as in [Joshua 2:10](../02/10.md). +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the Rephaim ## +# Og, king of Bashan -This is the name of a people group. +See how you translated this man's name in [Joshua 9:10](../09/09.md). -## the Arabah ## +# the Rephaim ... Maacathites -This is the name of a place. Translate the same way as in [Joshua 3:14](../03/14.md). - -## Sea of Chinneroth ## - -This is a place. Translate the same way as in [Joshua 11:1](../11/01.md). - -## Bethjeshimoth ## - -This is the name of a place. - -## Mount Pisgah ## - -This is the name of a place. - -## Ashtoroth ## - -This is the name of a place. Translate the same way as in [Joshua 9:9](../09/09.md). - -## Edrei ## - -This is the name of a place. - -## Salecah and Maacathites ## - -These are names of places. - -## Heshbon ## - -This is the name of a place. Translate the same way as in [Joshua 12:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/06.md b/jos/12/06.md index e962815929..99eed856aa 100644 --- a/jos/12/06.md +++ b/jos/12/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Reubenites ## +# Reubenites These are the descendants of Reuben. -## Gadites ## +# Gadites These are the descendants of Gad. -## half tribe of Manasseh ## +# half tribe of Manasseh They are called a half tribe because the other half of the tribe received an inheritance in the land of Canaan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/07.md b/jos/12/07.md index 3ccd2d25cd..cc24010aa1 100644 --- a/jos/12/07.md +++ b/jos/12/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## the Jordan ## - -A shortened name for the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## Baalgad, Mount Halak, Arabah ## +# Baal Gad ... Mount Halak ... Arabah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/09.md b/jos/12/09.md index f4c7a735d0..f486cc800d 100644 --- a/jos/12/09.md +++ b/jos/12/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,3 @@ -## Enaim ## +# Enaim ... Jarmuth ... Lachish ... Eglon ... Gezer -This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Jarmuth ## - -This is the name of a city. Translate the same way as in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). - -## Lachish ## - -An important city. Translate the same way as in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). - -## Eglon ## - -This is the name of a city. Translate the same way as in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). - -## Gezer ## - -A Canaanite city-state in the foothills of the Judaean Mountains. \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of cities. Translate "Jarmuth," "Lachish," and "Eglon" in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/13.md b/jos/12/13.md index 20f93470e2..d9698a098a 100644 --- a/jos/12/13.md +++ b/jos/12/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Debir... Gender... Hormuz... Brad... Libnah... Adullam... Makkedah ## +# Debir ... Geder ... Hormah ... Arad ... Libnah ... Adullam ... Makkedah These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/17.md b/jos/12/17.md index d7c98fac33..344fa7dd2a 100644 --- a/jos/12/17.md +++ b/jos/12/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Tappuah... Heifer... Aphid... Lassharon... Mason... Razor... Shimron Meron... Akshaph ## +# Tappuah ... Hepher ... Aphek ... Lasharon ... Madon ... Hazor ... Shimron Meron ... Akshaph These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/21.md b/jos/12/21.md index 2ddca4549a..88ace62d37 100644 --- a/jos/12/21.md +++ b/jos/12/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Taanach... Megiddo... Jokneam... Dor... Naphtha Dor... Goyim... Tirzah ## +# Taanach ... Megiddo ... Kedesh ... Jokneam ... Dor ... Goyim ... Tirzah These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## thirty-one in all ## +# thirty-one in all -one in all** - the number of kings in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"31 in all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/12/intro.md b/jos/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6d5d4cd03f --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Joshua 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations or lists. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:2-5, which is an extended list. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/01.md b/jos/13/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index a30fc39f7e..0000000000 --- a/jos/13/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -## old and well along in years ## - -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize Joshua's old age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -## old and advanced in years ## - -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize Joshua's old age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/02.md b/jos/13/02.md index 128ea0bd1e..e1739f5c34 100644 --- a/jos/13/02.md +++ b/jos/13/02.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Shihor ## +# This is the land that still remains -place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +You may clarify that this is the land that Israel still needs to capture. AT: "This is the land that still remains for Israel to capture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Awites ## +# Shihor -a people group (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# which is considered property of the Canaanites + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which the Canaanites now consider their property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Avvites + +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/04.md b/jos/13/04.md index 9acac3ce84..8b0cc51fb4 100644 --- a/jos/13/04.md +++ b/jos/13/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Mearah … Aphek … Baal Gad … Mount Hermon ## +# Arah ... Aphek ... Baal Gad ... Mount Hermon -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gebalites ## +# Gebalites -name of a people group who lived in Geba ([Joshua 18:21](../18/21.md)) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a people group who lived in Geba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/06.md b/jos/13/06.md index 4c0a58771e..fd185177f7 100644 --- a/jos/13/06.md +++ b/jos/13/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Misrephoth Maim ## +# Misrephoth Maim -place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +this is the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# land ... as an inheritance + +The land that Israel will claim is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they will receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/08.md b/jos/13/08.md index 7068a518ce..234cbf400b 100644 --- a/jos/13/08.md +++ b/jos/13/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Aroer ... Arnon River ... Medeba ... Dibon ## +# Aroer ... Medeba ... Dibon -names of cities or rivers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## gorge ## +# gorge -place where the river is far below the land on the sides +a place where the river is far below the land on the sides -## plateau ## +# plateau flat land high above rivers \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/10.md b/jos/13/10.md index f95286769b..1792b7af82 100644 --- a/jos/13/10.md +++ b/jos/13/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Sihon ... Og ## +# Heshbon ... Salekah ... Ashtaroth ... Edrei -names of kings (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Heshbon ... Salecah ... Ashtaroth ... Edrei ## +# the region of the Geshurites and Maacathites -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"the land where the Geshurites and Maacathites lived" -## Maacathites ... Rephaim ## +# Maacathites ... Rephaim -names of people groups (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## region of the Geshurites ## +# Moses struck them -"land where the Geshurites lived" \ No newline at end of file +Here "Moses" represents himself and the Israelite army that Moses led. AT: "Moses and the Israelites attacked them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/13.md b/jos/13/13.md index efcbb9d3de..388715a0a4 100644 --- a/jos/13/13.md +++ b/jos/13/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Maacath ## +# the Geshurites or the Maacathites -a people group named for a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## to this day ## +# Geshur and Maacath live among Israel -until the time the book was written \ No newline at end of file +"Geshur" and "Maacath" are either the names of the ancestors of "the Geshurites" and "the Maacathites" or are the names of the cities in which they lived. AT: "those people live among Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to this day + +This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/14.md b/jos/13/14.md index f199be233e..feb6f85da7 100644 --- a/jos/13/14.md +++ b/jos/13/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## offerings of Yahweh ## +# Moses gave no inheritance -"the offerings the people were to bring to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The offerings of Yahweh ... are their inheritance + +The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if the offerings were something that they would inherit. AT: "The offerings of Yahweh ... are what they will have for their provision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# offerings of Yahweh + +"offerings that the people were to bring to Yahweh" + +# made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the priests burned with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/15.md b/jos/13/15.md index 4b96a7e996..ce2079933c 100644 --- a/jos/13/15.md +++ b/jos/13/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Aroer ... Arnon ... Medeba ## +# Aroer ... Medeba -names of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## gorge ... plateau ## +# gorge ... plateau -See how you translated these words in [Joshua 13:8](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these words in [Joshua 13:9](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/17.md b/jos/13/17.md index b87f0b56f8..6e369a5d83 100644 --- a/jos/13/17.md +++ b/jos/13/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## Heshbon ... Dibon ... Bamoth Baal ... Beth Baalmeon ... Jahaz ... Kedemoth ... Mephaath ... Kiriathaim ... Sibmah ... Zerethshahar ## +# Heshbon ... Dibon ... Bamoth Baal ... Beth Baal Meon ... Jahaz ... Kedemoth ... Mephaath ... Kiriathaim ... Sibmah ... Zereth Shahar -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## plateau ## - -See how you translated this in [Joshua 13:8](./08.md) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/20.md b/jos/13/20.md index fbfde93225..e7598b7caa 100644 --- a/jos/13/20.md +++ b/jos/13/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Beth Peor ... Pisgah ... Beth Jeshimoth ... Heshbon ## +# Beth Peor ... Pisgah ... Beth Jeshimoth ... Heshbon -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Sihon ... Evi ... Rekem ... Zur ... Hur ... Reba ## +# Sihon ... Evi ... Rekem ... Zur ... Hur ... Reba -names of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## plateau ## +# together with the leaders of Midian -See how you translated this in [Joshua 13:8](./08.md) \ No newline at end of file +"as he had defeated the leaders of Midian" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/22.md b/jos/13/22.md index f7e2a0c502..3c14796559 100644 --- a/jos/13/22.md +++ b/jos/13/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Beor ## +# this is their boundary -Balaam's father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The Jordan River was the western border of the land that the tribe of Reuben received. -## this is their boundary ## +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Reuben -The Jordan River was the western border of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Reuben is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Reuben received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## This was the inheritance ## +# given to each of their clans -The area described in [Joshua 13:15](./15.md) was the inheritance. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Moses gave to each of their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/24.md b/jos/13/24.md index 1f79a2d2f8..a0ed132309 100644 --- a/jos/13/24.md +++ b/jos/13/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Jazer ... Aroer ... Heshbon ... Ramath Mizpeh ... Betonim ... Mahanaim ... Debir ## +# Jazer ... Aroer ... Heshbon ... Ramath Mizpah ... Betonim ... Mahanaim ... Debir -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/27.md b/jos/13/27.md index b4c980d5e3..fea32d67a5 100644 --- a/jos/13/27.md +++ b/jos/13/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Beth Haram ... Beth Nimrah ... Zaphon ... Heshbon ... Sea of Chinneroth ## +# Beth Haram ... Beth Nimrah ... Zaphon ... Heshbon -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## This is the inheritance ## +# This is the inheritance of the tribe of Gad -The area described in [Joshua 13:24](./24.md) was the inheritance. \ No newline at end of file +The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Gad is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Gad received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/29.md b/jos/13/29.md index c02ebef572..117fad194e 100644 --- a/jos/13/29.md +++ b/jos/13/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## half-tribe of Manasseh ## +# Moses gave an inheritance to the half tribe of Manasseh -tribe of Manasseh** - Half the tribe because the other half received their inheritance before going across the Jordan River. +The land that Moses assigned to the half tribe of Manasseh is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he gave to them as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Mahanaim ... Jair ... Ashtaroth ## +# half tribe of Manasseh -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Only half of the tribe received this land because the other half received land on the other side of the Jordan River. -## Machir ## +# It was assigned -man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses assigned it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Mahanaim ... Jair ... Ashtaroth ... Edrei + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# These were assigned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses assigned these" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Machir + +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/32.md b/jos/13/32.md index f2cc4a2bbc..c812f81154 100644 --- a/jos/13/32.md +++ b/jos/13/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## This is the inheritance ## +# This is the inheritance that Moses assigned to them -The area described in [Joshua 13:29](./29.md) was the inheritance. +The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel on the east side of the Jordan is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Moses gave to them as a permanent possession. AT: "This is the land that Moses assigned to them as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## plains ## +# Yahweh, the God of Israel, is their inheritance -a large area of flat land with few trees \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if Yahweh were something that they would inherit. AT: "Yahweh, the God of Israel, is what they have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/13/intro.md b/jos/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eacc5ca26c --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Joshua 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a section about dividing the land between the tribes of Israel. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Division of the land ##### + +There was still much land to be captured west of the Jordan River, but the tribe of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Mannasah received their land east of the Jordan. This land had been promised to them in Numbers 32. + +##### Driving out the people ##### + +While Yahweh achieved many great victories through Joshua, Israel was still supposed to drive out the rest of the Canaanites. Israel's success in this would depend on their faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/14/01.md b/jos/14/01.md index 89b9f5eb9a..0bad7bc152 100644 --- a/jos/14/01.md +++ b/jos/14/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## tribal leaders ## +# the areas of land that the people of Israel received as their inheritance -AT "leaders of the tribes" \ No newline at end of file +The land that the people of Israel acquired is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# assigned to them by Eleazar the priest, by Joshua son of Nun, and by the tribal leaders of their ancestors' families within the people of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which Eleazar the priest, Joshua son of Nun, and the tribal leaders of their ancestors' families within the people of Israel assigned to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# tribal leaders + +"leaders of the tribes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/14/02.md b/jos/14/02.md index 8797f34569..487203671a 100644 --- a/jos/14/02.md +++ b/jos/14/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## nine and one half ... two and one half ## +# Their inheritance was selected by lot -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Eleazar, Joshua, and the tribal leaders cast lots to determine the inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## portion ## +# by the hand of Moses -AT: "part" +Here the word "hand" refers to Moses himself and means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. AT: "through Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## pastureland ## +# Moses had given the inheritance of the two and one-half tribes beyond the Jordan, but to the Levites he gave no inheritance + +The land that Moses gave to the tribes is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The Levites were given no portion of the inheritance in the land + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "And Moses did not give a portion of the inheritance to the Levites in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# portion + +"part" + +# but only certain cities to live in + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "but he gave to them only certain cities to live in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# pasturelands fields of grass for the livestock to eat -## material resources ## +# material resources physical things they needed so they could provide for their families \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/14/06.md b/jos/14/06.md index fb2320b885..1c6c33a16e 100644 --- a/jos/14/06.md +++ b/jos/14/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Jephunneh ## +# Jephunneh -man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Kenizzite ## +# Kenizzite -name of a people group (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I brought him a report again as it was in my heart to make + +Here the word "heart" represents the thoughts. The phrase is an idiom that refers to a report that is given honestly. AT: "I brought back to him an honest report" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/14/08.md b/jos/14/08.md index 8c7c9a060f..c1a8289d43 100644 --- a/jos/14/08.md +++ b/jos/14/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## heart of the people melt with fear ## +# made the heart of the people melt with fear -"people of Israel to be very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Making the people very afraid is spoken of as if it were making the hearts of the people melt. AT: "made the people very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## completely followed Yahweh my God ## +# I completely followed Yahweh -"done everything that Yahweh my God told you to do" \ No newline at end of file +Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. AT: "I remained loyal to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land ... will be an inheritance for you and for your children forever + +The land that Caleb and his descendants would have is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land on which your foot has walked + +Here "your foot" represents Caleb. AT: "the land on which you have walked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/14/10.md b/jos/14/10.md index 7612cac7e2..e0b8652267 100644 --- a/jos/14/10.md +++ b/jos/14/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## look ## +# look -AT: “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +This means "listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. -## My strength is now as my strength was then ## +# while Israel walked in the wilderness -AT: "I am still as strong as I was then" +"while the people of Israel traveled in the wilderness" -## for going and coming ## +# My strength is now as my strength was then -"for the things I do every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I am still as strong now as I was then" + +# for going and coming + +This is an idiom that refers to daily activities. AT: "for the things I do every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/14/12.md b/jos/14/12.md index dfb5a6c6e6..96265a3d1a 100644 --- a/jos/14/12.md +++ b/jos/14/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## hill country ## +# hill country -Possible meanings are 1) many large hills or small mountains (see UDB) or 2) one mountain. +Possible meanings are 1) many large hills or small mountains or 2) one mountain. -## Anakim ## +# Anakim -a people group (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/14/13.md b/jos/14/13.md index 02af08e636..0c3d073428 100644 --- a/jos/14/13.md +++ b/jos/14/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## to this day ## +# gave Hebron as an inheritance to Caleb -until the time the writer wrote the book +Hebron is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Caleb received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Kiriath Arba ## +# to this day -place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book. + +# he completely followed Yahweh + +Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. AT: "he remained loyal to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Kiriath Arba + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Then the land had rest from war + +The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 11:23](../11/23.md). AT: "Then the people no longer fought wars in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/14/intro.md b/jos/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..20debffadf --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Joshua 14 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Drive them out ##### +The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/01.md b/jos/15/01.md index 10e9669d7f..7c2e8abe46 100644 --- a/jos/15/01.md +++ b/jos/15/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Zin ## +# Zin -place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of the wilderness area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the farthest point ## +# from the end of the Salt Sea, from the bay that faces to the south -"as far as anyone can go" +"from the bay that faces south at the end of the Salt Sea." These two phrases refer to the same location. The second phrase clarifies the point at which the southern border begins. -## bay ## +# from the bay that faces to the south -smaller part of the sea that extends into the land +"from the bay that extends to the south" or "from the southern bay" -## that faces to the south ## +# bay -"that one enters from the south" \ No newline at end of file +smaller part of the sea that extends into the land \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/03.md b/jos/15/03.md index e7247f49e8..e434c8c578 100644 --- a/jos/15/03.md +++ b/jos/15/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Their boundary ## +# Their boundary "The border of the land belonging to the tribe of Judah" -## Akrabbim ... Zin ... Hezron ... Addar ... Karka ... Azmon ## +# Akrabbim ... Zin ... Hezron ... Addar ... Karka ... Azmon -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Brook of Egypt ## +# brook of Egypt -a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land of promise, near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land, near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/05.md b/jos/15/05.md index 6c578fff4b..5e582c0374 100644 --- a/jos/15/05.md +++ b/jos/15/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## border ... ran ## +# at the mouth of the Jordan + +The point at which the river empties into the sea is spoken of as if it were the mouth of the river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# border ... ran "border ... was" -## mouth of the Jordan ## +# Beth Hoglah ... Beth Arabah -where the Jordan River flows into the Salt Sea +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Beth Hoglah ... Beth Arabah ... Stone of Bohan ## +# the Stone of Bohan -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/07.md b/jos/15/07.md index df404f12a1..c40953a176 100644 --- a/jos/15/07.md +++ b/jos/15/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Debir ... Valley of Rephaim ## +# Debir ... the Valley of Achor ... the hill of Adummim ... En Shemesh ... En Rogel ... the Valley of Ben Hinnom ... the Valley of Rephaim -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/09.md b/jos/15/09.md index a7aa48aae0..6e7bad8d8c 100644 --- a/jos/15/09.md +++ b/jos/15/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Nephtoah ... Mount Ephron ... Baalah ... Kiriath Jearim ... Mount Seir ... Mount Jearim ... Kesalon ... Beth Shemesh ... Timnah ## +# Nephtoah ... Mount Ephron ... Baalah ... Kiriath Jearim ... Mount Seir ... Mount Jearim ... Kesalon ... Beth Shemesh ... Timnah -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/11.md b/jos/15/11.md index d372fc9cad..7670d2fadb 100644 --- a/jos/15/11.md +++ b/jos/15/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## Shikkeron ... Mount Baalah ... Jabneel ## +# Shikkeron ... Mount Baalah ... Jabneel -names of places (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## coastline ## - -where land meets an ocean or a lake \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/13.md b/jos/15/13.md index 533f09146f..ed24f638dd 100644 --- a/jos/15/13.md +++ b/jos/15/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Kiriath Arba ... Kiriath Sepher ## +# Kiriath Arba ... Debir ... Kiriath Sepher -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Arba ... Anak ... Sheshai ... Ahiman ... Talmai ## +# Arba ... Anak ... Sheshai ... Ahiman ... Talmai -names of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## three tribes ## +# the three sons of Anak: Sheshai, Ahiman and Talmai, descendants of Anak -A counted number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +These names represent clans of people who were descendants of Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai. The words "sons" and "descendants" in this context mean the same thing. AT: "the three clans, Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, who were descendants of Anak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He went up from there against + +"He went up from there to fight against" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/16.md b/jos/15/16.md index 170cc2396e..e4e5c0e710 100644 --- a/jos/15/16.md +++ b/jos/15/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Kiriath Sepher ## +# Kiriath Sepher -place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Achsah ... Othniel ... Kenaz ## +# Aksah -names of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Othniel ... Kenaz + +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/18.md b/jos/15/18.md index b578512ee5..ddfa9995d8 100644 --- a/jos/15/18.md +++ b/jos/15/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## ask her father for a field ## +# Aksah came to Othniel -"request that her father give her a field" or "say to her father, 'Please give your daughter a field.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that refers to Aksah becoming Othniel's wife. AT: "when Aksah became Othniel's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# she urged him to ask her father for a field + +This can be translated as direct speech. AT: "she urged him, 'Ask my father to give me a field'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/19.md b/jos/15/19.md index 19af286047..1423e8772f 100644 --- a/jos/15/19.md +++ b/jos/15/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## replied ## +# the upper springs and lower springs -"answered, saying" - -## upper ## - -"higher" \ No newline at end of file +The words "upper" and "lower" likely refer to the geographical altitude of the water springs. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/20.md b/jos/15/20.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a396da61fb --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/15/20.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Judah + +The land that the tribe of Judah received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# given to their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which Joshua gave to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/21.md b/jos/15/21.md index ae3d615164..e65ea27432 100644 --- a/jos/15/21.md +++ b/jos/15/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Kabzeel ... Bealoth ## +# Connecting Statement: -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer lists the southern cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:32](./29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/25.md b/jos/15/25.md index 32543ca0ea..86eedce3e4 100644 --- a/jos/15/25.md +++ b/jos/15/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Hazor ... Biziothiah ## +# Connecting Statement: -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The list of cities continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/29.md b/jos/15/29.md index 12830e7d95..86eedce3e4 100644 --- a/jos/15/29.md +++ b/jos/15/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Baalah ... Rimmon ## +# Connecting Statement: -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The list of cities continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/33.md b/jos/15/33.md index b4048a7958..71303c751c 100644 --- a/jos/15/33.md +++ b/jos/15/33.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Eshtaol ... Gederothaim ## +# General Information: -names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer lists the northern cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/37.md b/jos/15/37.md index dcf0c0b5dd..12d4fbbc8f 100644 --- a/jos/15/37.md +++ b/jos/15/37.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Zenan ... Eglon ## +# Connecting Statement: -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/40.md b/jos/15/40.md index bb5eb5605b..12d4fbbc8f 100644 --- a/jos/15/40.md +++ b/jos/15/40.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Cabbon ... Makkedah ## +# Connecting Statement: -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/42.md b/jos/15/42.md index 5c70d213f4..12d4fbbc8f 100644 --- a/jos/15/42.md +++ b/jos/15/42.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Libnah ... Mareshah ## +# Connecting Statement: -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/45.md b/jos/15/45.md index 501d4a51e2..88e457bd54 100644 --- a/jos/15/45.md +++ b/jos/15/45.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## settlements ## +# Connecting Statement: -places where many people live close together +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Brook of Egypt ## +# settlements -a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land of promise near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"villages" + +# brook of Egypt + +a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/48.md b/jos/15/48.md index 0009232e88..12d4fbbc8f 100644 --- a/jos/15/48.md +++ b/jos/15/48.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Shamir ... Giloh ## +# Connecting Statement: -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/52.md b/jos/15/52.md index 72fda2fd81..12d4fbbc8f 100644 --- a/jos/15/52.md +++ b/jos/15/52.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Arab ... Zior ## +# Connecting Statement: -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/55.md b/jos/15/55.md index 4fb512e6c7..12d4fbbc8f 100644 --- a/jos/15/55.md +++ b/jos/15/55.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Maon ... Timnah ## +# Connecting Statement: -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/58.md b/jos/15/58.md index 701b734529..12d4fbbc8f 100644 --- a/jos/15/58.md +++ b/jos/15/58.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Halhul ... Eltekon ## +# Connecting Statement: -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/60.md b/jos/15/60.md index 89c51f0567..12d4fbbc8f 100644 --- a/jos/15/60.md +++ b/jos/15/60.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Kiriath Baal ... En Gedi ## +# Connecting Statement: -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/63.md b/jos/15/63.md index 372b5bf2d7..20466229cb 100644 --- a/jos/15/63.md +++ b/jos/15/63.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## to this day ## +# to this day -until the time the book was written \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/15/intro.md b/jos/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6191652292 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Joshua 15 General Notes # + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Judah. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/16/01.md b/jos/16/01.md index f431f92396..0bf580128a 100644 --- a/jos/16/01.md +++ b/jos/16/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Luz ... Ataroth ## +# the tribe of Joseph -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The "tribe of Joseph" consisted of the tribes of Joseph's two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. Since half of the tribe of Manasseh had settled east of the Jordan, this phrase refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh. AT: "the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Archites ## +# Luz ... Ataroth -name of a people group (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Arkites + +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/16/03.md b/jos/16/03.md index f2aa0d8bc2..9be6661023 100644 --- a/jos/16/03.md +++ b/jos/16/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Japhletites ## +# Japhletites -name of a people group (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Lower Beth Horon ... Gezer ## +# Lower Beth Horon ... Gezer -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the tribes of Joseph, Manasseh and Ephraim + +"the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim, the sons of Joseph" + +# received their inheritance + +The land that the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "received this land as their inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/16/05.md b/jos/16/05.md index 4a520109d8..ce04632d0d 100644 --- a/jos/16/05.md +++ b/jos/16/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Ataroth Addar ... Upper Beth Horon ... Michmethath ... Taanath Shiloh ... Janoah ... Naarah ## +# The territory ... that was assigned to their clans -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The territory ... that Joshua assigned to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Ataroth Addar ... Upper Beth Horon ... Mikmethath ... Taanath Shiloh ... Janoah ... Naarah + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/16/08.md b/jos/16/08.md index a62296ec9c..2fd0956859 100644 --- a/jos/16/08.md +++ b/jos/16/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Tappuah ... Kanah ## +# Tappuah ... Kanah -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Ephraim + +The land that Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land that the tribe of Ephraim received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# assigned to their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which Joshua assigned to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the cities that were chosen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the cities that Joshua had chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# within the inheritance of the tribe of Manasseh + +The land that the tribe of Manasseh possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "within the land that the tribe of Manasseh had received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/16/10.md b/jos/16/10.md index 7a8619d973..b932d8e20e 100644 --- a/jos/16/10.md +++ b/jos/16/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## these people were made to do forced labor ## +# to this day -"the Israelites forced these people to work as slaves" +This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book. -## to this day ## +# these people were made to do forced labor -until the time the book was written \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Israelites forced these people to work as slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/16/intro.md b/jos/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8d4c1bc61f --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Joshua 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Drive them out ##### +The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Ephraim, one of Joseph's sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/01.md b/jos/17/01.md index 6d64cfbbc9..67b9d9198b 100644 --- a/jos/17/01.md +++ b/jos/17/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## firstborn and who himself was ## +# firstborn and who himself was -"firstborn; he was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) +Here "himself" emphasizes that the same person—Makir—was the firstborn of Manasseh and was also the father of Gilead. AT: "firstborn; he was also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## Makir ... Abi Ezer, Helek, Asriel, Shechem, Hepher, and Shemida ## +# Makir ... Abiezer, Helek, Asriel, Shechem, Hepher, and Shemida -men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Makir's descendants were assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan to Makir's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Land was assigned ... given to their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua assigned land ... and gave them to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/03.md b/jos/17/03.md index fc22497001..51fe9e84cf 100644 --- a/jos/17/03.md +++ b/jos/17/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Zelophehad ... Hepher ... Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Tirzah ... Eleazar ## +# Zelophehad ... Hepher ... Eleazar -names of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Tirzah + +These are women's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to give to us an inheritance + +The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. AT: "to give to us some land as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he gave those women an inheritance + +Possible meanings are 1) "Joshua gave those women an inheritance" or 2) "Eleazar gave those women an inheritance." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/05.md b/jos/17/05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c6c2b1508a --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/17/05.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Ten parcels of land were assigned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua assigned ten parcels of land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Ten parcels + +"Ten portions" + +# received an inheritance + +The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "received land as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The land of Gilead was assigned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua assigned the land of Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/07.md b/jos/17/07.md index 6bc53da9fd..d8f54f169e 100644 --- a/jos/17/07.md +++ b/jos/17/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## southward ## +# southward "toward the south" -## Michmethath ... Tappuah ## +# Mikmethath ... Tappuah -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/09.md b/jos/17/09.md index 46e2acdde8..66c0187ee4 100644 --- a/jos/17/09.md +++ b/jos/17/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## The border ## +# The border "The border of Manasseh's land" -## brook ## +# brook a very small river -## Kanah ## +# Kanah -name of a brook (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +name of a brook (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# On the north side Asher can be reached + +Possible meanings are 1) that the border of Manasseh's land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or 2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. AT: "Asher was on the north side" or "One can travel north to reach Asher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to the east, Issachar + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "to the east, one can reach Issachar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/11.md b/jos/17/11.md index 2660585c85..4d4eefb479 100644 --- a/jos/17/11.md +++ b/jos/17/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Beth Shan … Ibleam … Dor … Endor … Taanach … Megiddo … Napheth ## +# Beth Shan ... Ibleam ... Dor ... Endor ... Taanach ... Megiddo ... Napheth -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/14.md b/jos/17/14.md index b9672fb517..213d144bc2 100644 --- a/jos/17/14.md +++ b/jos/17/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## portion ## +# the descendants of Joseph + +This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Why have you given us only one ... Yahweh has blessed us? + +The people of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh ask this question to emphasize that Joshua should have assigned to them more land. AT: "You should have given us more than one ... Yahweh has blessed us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# one assignment of land and one portion for an inheritance + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. In the second, the land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. AT: "one assignment of land as our inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# portion part -## people great in number ## +# people great in number -AT: "many people" +"many people" -## Rephaim ## +# If you are a people great in number -name of a people group (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Since you are a people great in number" + +# Rephaim + +This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/16.md b/jos/17/16.md index fad6664b2c..12ef2a5f6c 100644 --- a/jos/17/16.md +++ b/jos/17/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Beth Shan ## +# Beth Shan ... Jezreel -name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the house of Joseph + +Here the word "house" refers to the descendants. AT: "the descendants of Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will clear it + +"you will clear the forest of trees" or "you will cut down its trees" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/17/intro.md b/jos/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2fd328c29a --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Joshua 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Manasseh's lack of faith ##### +Even though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph's sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/01.md b/jos/18/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cacef756e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/18/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# and they conquered the land + +They had conquered the people who lived in the land before they set up the tent of meeting. AT: "after they had conquered the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# whose inheritance had not been assigned + +The land that the tribes would receive is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. This can be stated in active form. AT: "to whom Joshua had not assigned land as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/03.md b/jos/18/03.md index 7a47d9aa64..39b95f4509 100644 --- a/jos/18/03.md +++ b/jos/18/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## the land up and down ## +# How long will you put off ... has given you? -AT "everywhere in the land" \ No newline at end of file +Joshua asks this question in order to encourage the Israelites to take possession of the land. AT: "For long enough, you have put off ... has given you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the land up and down + +The words "up and down" mean in every direction. AT: "the land in every direction" or "throughout the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# write out a description of it with a view to their inheritances + +This means that they will describe the portions of land that each tribe would like to receive for an inheritance. + +# their inheritances + +The land that they are to survey is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that each of the tribes would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/05.md b/jos/18/05.md index d9d54ea0ee..f0cd73f7a3 100644 --- a/jos/18/05.md +++ b/jos/18/05.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel. + +# They will divide it + +"They will divide the land" + +# Judah will remain + +"The tribe of Judah will remain" + +# the house of Joseph + +Here the word "house" represents the descendants of Joseph. The phrase refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. AT: "the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/07.md b/jos/18/07.md index f172c0e667..fcbece9d80 100644 --- a/jos/18/07.md +++ b/jos/18/07.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel. -## the half-tribe of Manasseh ## +# no portion -tribe of Manasseh** - "half of the tribe of Manasseh" \ No newline at end of file +"no portion of land" + +# for the priesthood of Yahweh is their inheritance + +Joshua speaks of the great honor that the Levites have by serving Yahweh as priests as if it were something that they inherited. AT: "for the priesthood of Yahweh is what they have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the half tribe of Manasseh + +"half of the tribe of Manasseh" + +# have received their inheritance + +The land that the tribes received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "have received land as their inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/08.md b/jos/18/08.md index 8ea4ec3178..82901912aa 100644 --- a/jos/18/08.md +++ b/jos/18/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -one men who were to go look at the land. +# General Information: -## Go up and down ## +Joshua speaks to the twenty-one men who were to go look at the land. -AT: "Go north and south" \ No newline at end of file +# up and down in the land + +The words "up and down" mean in every direction. See how you translated this in [Joshua 18:4](./03.md). AT: "in every direction in the land" or "throughout the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/10.md b/jos/18/10.md index 77450657f4..de25a4c1e9 100644 --- a/jos/18/10.md +++ b/jos/18/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## portion ## +# to each was given his portion of the land -"share" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to each tribe Joshua gave their portion in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/11.md b/jos/18/11.md index ce64ec8c21..b9909dd25d 100644 --- a/jos/18/11.md +++ b/jos/18/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Beth Aven ## +# The assignment of land for the tribe of Benjamin was given to each of their clans -place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Each of the clans of the tribe of Benjamin received an assignment of land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# between the descendants of Judah and the descendants of Joseph + +"between the land that belonged to the descendants of Judah and the land that belonged to the descendants of Joseph" + +# the descendants of Joseph + +This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Beth Aven + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/13.md b/jos/18/13.md index cd09d67ee4..136493a142 100644 --- a/jos/18/13.md +++ b/jos/18/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Ataroth Addar ... Beth Horon ... Kiriath Baal ... Kiriath Jearim ## +# the border ... The boundary -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These refer to the same thing. + +# Luz ... Ataroth Addar ... Beth Horon ... Kiriath Baal ... Kiriath Jearim + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/15.md b/jos/18/15.md index b35c45c0d6..38170a41d1 100644 --- a/jos/18/15.md +++ b/jos/18/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Kiriath Jearim ... Ephron ... Nephtoah ... Ben Hinnom ... Rephaim ... Hinnom ... Rogel ## +# Kiriath Jearim ... Ephron ... Nephtoah ... Ben Hinnom ... Rephaim ... Hinnom ... En Rogel -Names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/17.md b/jos/18/17.md index b08fac0eb6..3818da6c36 100644 --- a/jos/18/17.md +++ b/jos/18/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## En Shemesh ... Geliloth ... Adummim ... Bohan ... Beth Arabah ## +# En Shemesh ... Geliloth ... Adummim ... Beth Arabah -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## shoulder of ## +# the Stone of Bohan -land that looks like a human shoulder \ No newline at end of file +This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. See how you translated this in [Joshua 15:6](../15/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the shoulder of Beth Arabah + +Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. AT: "the slope of Beth Arabah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/19.md b/jos/18/19.md index 316ff8614d..38e22a32c9 100644 --- a/jos/18/19.md +++ b/jos/18/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## north bay ## +# the north shoulder of Beth Hoglah -the most northern part of the Salt Sea, where the water is surrounded by land except where one enters at the south +Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. AT: "the north slope of Beth Hoglah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## This was the inheritance ## +# Beth Hoglah -The writer begins describing the inheritance in [Joshua 18:11](./11.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Benjamin + +The land that the tribe of Benjamin received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it was given to each of their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua gave it to each of their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/21.md b/jos/18/21.md index d59b1eb99e..c12b48de70 100644 --- a/jos/18/21.md +++ b/jos/18/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## their villages ## +# General Information: + +The writer lists the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# their villages "the villages around them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/25.md b/jos/18/25.md index d110f13bd7..b1459eb392 100644 --- a/jos/18/25.md +++ b/jos/18/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Gibeon ... Kiriath ## +# General Information: -"names of places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## cities, not counting their villages ## +# This was the inheritance of Benjamin -"cities; this does not include" \ No newline at end of file +The land and cities that the tribe of Benjamin received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/18/intro.md b/jos/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..40c1a4ac7a --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Joshua 18 General Notes # + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/01.md b/jos/19/01.md index 4d010e117b..a293847424 100644 --- a/jos/19/01.md +++ b/jos/19/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## second casting of lots ## +# The second casting of lots fell to Simeon -coming after the first in time or order (See: [Joshua 18:5](../18/05.md)) +"The second time Joshua cast lots, the lot indicated the tribe of Simeon" -## casting of lots ## +# The second -A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. +number two in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## in the middle of ## +# it was assigned to each of their clans -AT: "completely surrounded by" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua assigned the land to each of their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Their inheritance was in the middle of the inheritance that belonged to the tribe of Judah + +The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribes received as a permanent possession. AT: "The land that they received as an inheritance was in the middle of the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/02.md b/jos/19/02.md index de349f42d8..754878b802 100644 --- a/jos/19/02.md +++ b/jos/19/02.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Sheba, Moladah ## +# General Information: -This is a list of towns or cities by name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer lists cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They had for their inheritance + +The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "They had the following cities for their inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/05.md b/jos/19/05.md index f938c52ecc..afebf783a9 100644 --- a/jos/19/05.md +++ b/jos/19/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Ziklag ## +# General Information: -Translate this the same as in chapter 15:31 and also throughout 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Chronicles and Nehemiah. +The writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## thirteen cities ## +# Ziklag -the number of cities included with Simeon's land (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) AT: "13" \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated the name of this city in [Joshua 15:31](../15/29.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/08.md b/jos/19/08.md index 557ee92110..62c6ace29e 100644 --- a/jos/19/08.md +++ b/jos/19/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## this was the inheritance ## +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Simeon -This refers to the entire description beginning in this chapter (See: [[:[Joshua 19:1](./01.md)). \ No newline at end of file +The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# given to their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which Joshua gave to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the portion of land assigned to the tribe of Judah + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the portion of land which Joshua assigned to the tribe of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the middle of their portion + +"the middle of Judah's portion of land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/10.md b/jos/19/10.md index fe015f4ec9..461027dbb7 100644 --- a/jos/19/10.md +++ b/jos/19/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the third ## +# The third casting of lots -number three in a sequence (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](./01.md). -## Sarid, Maralah, Dabbesheth, Jokneam ## +# The third -Names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +number three in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## opposite Jokneam ## +# Sarid ... Maralah ... Dabbesheth ... Jokneam -AT: "across from Jokneam" \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# opposite Jokneam + +"across from Jokneam" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/12.md b/jos/19/12.md index dfbdba4414..5f7a7b5f59 100644 --- a/jos/19/12.md +++ b/jos/19/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Sarid, Kisloth Tabor, Daberath, Japhia, Gath Hepher, Ethkazin, Rimmon, and Neah ## +# Sarid ... Kisloth Tabor ... Daberath ... Japhia ... Gath Hepher ... Eth Kazin ... Rimmon ... Neah -names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/14.md b/jos/19/14.md index a7fd11930b..2219b8181c 100644 --- a/jos/19/14.md +++ b/jos/19/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Hannathon, Iphtah El, Kattah, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem ## +# Hannathon ... Iphtah El ... Kattath ... Nahalal ... Shimron ... Idalah ... Bethlehem -names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Iphtah El ## +# Bethlehem -"El" is a Hebrew form of "god" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/god]]) +This is not the same "Bethlehem" that is south of Jerusalem in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Bethlehem ## +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Zebulun -This is not the same "Bethlehem" that is in Judah, just south of Jerusalem. The name means "House of Bread." +The land and cities that the tribe of Zebulun received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Zebulun received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## border ## +# that was given to their clans -the edge or boundary of something - -## twelve cities ## - -the number of cities beginning with verse 10. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) AT: "12 cities" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Joshua gave to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/17.md b/jos/19/17.md index 32decf5295..14f63227aa 100644 --- a/jos/19/17.md +++ b/jos/19/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## fourth casting ## +# The fourth casting of lots -number four in a series (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](./01.md). -## Jezreel ## +# The fourth -Translate this name the same way as in Joshua 15:56 and 17:16. Also found repeatedly in 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kings and Hosea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +number four in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Kesulloth, Shunem, Hapharaim, Shion, and Anaharath ## +# Chesulloth ... Shunem ... Hapharaim ... Shion ... Anaharath -names of cities given to Issachar's tribe (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Kesulloth (UDB) and Chesulloth (ULB) ## - -are two ways to spell the same beginning sound. \ No newline at end of file +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/20.md b/jos/19/20.md index 14d632fdea..94287be983 100644 --- a/jos/19/20.md +++ b/jos/19/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## Rabbith, Kishion, Ebez, Remeth, Engannim, Enhaddah, Bethpazzez, and Shahazumah ## +# Rabbith ... Kishion ... Ebez ... Remeth ... En Gannim ... En Haddah ... Beth Pazzez ... Shahazumah -the names of cities and brder places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Tabor ## +# Tabor -A mountain. Translate the same way as in Judges 4:6, 12, 14, 8:18, 1 Samuel 10:13, 1 Chronicles 6:77, Psalm 89:12, Jeremiah 46:18 and Hosea 5:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## sixteen cities ## - -The total number of cities beginning in verse 18. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## the Jordan ## - -A short name for the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/jordanriver]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/23.md b/jos/19/23.md index 923cc71120..833c289f90 100644 --- a/jos/19/23.md +++ b/jos/19/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## This was the inheritance ## +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Issachar -Refers to the entire description beginning in verse 17. \ No newline at end of file +The land and cities that the tribe of Issachar received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Issachar received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it was given to their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua gave it to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/24.md b/jos/19/24.md index 52ec41e733..2e845e9bcc 100644 --- a/jos/19/24.md +++ b/jos/19/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## casting of lots ## +# The fifth casting of lots -A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. +See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](./01.md). -## Helkath, Hali, Beten, Achshaph, Allammelech, Amad, Mishall, Shihor Libnath ## +# The fifth -Names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +number five in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# it was given to their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua gave it to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Helkath, Hali, Beten, Akshaph, Allammelek, Amad, and Mishall ... Shihor Libnath + +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/27.md b/jos/19/27.md index 173d5b1261..66a7be91a6 100644 --- a/jos/19/27.md +++ b/jos/19/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Beth Dagon, Valley of Iphahel, Bethemek, Neiel, Cabul, Ebron, Rehob, Hammon, and Kanah ## +# Beth Dagon ... Valley of Iphtah El ... Beth Emek ... Neiel ... Kabul ... Abdon ... Rehob ... Hammon ... Kanah -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/29.md b/jos/19/29.md index ca79919098..26a8075689 100644 --- a/jos/19/29.md +++ b/jos/19/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## Hosah, Achzib, Ummah, Aphek, Rehob ## +# Hosah ... Akzib ... Ummah ... Aphek ... Rehob -Names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## the sea ## - -Refers to the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/mediterranean]]) - -## twenty-two cities ## - -two cities** - number of cities in the continuing list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/31.md b/jos/19/31.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fa20aa4ecf --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/19/31.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Asher + +The land and cities that the tribe of Asher received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Asher received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it was given to their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua gave it to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/32.md b/jos/19/32.md index 4e2c6966aa..1f0e3a9ae0 100644 --- a/jos/19/32.md +++ b/jos/19/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## sixth casting ## +# The sixth casting of lots -The number six in a series. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](./01.md). -## casting of lots ## +# The sixth -A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. +number six in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Heleph, Zaanannim, Adaminekah, Jabneel, Lakkum, Aznothtabor, and Hukkok ## +# it was given to their clans -Names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua gave it to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Heleph ... Zaanannim ... Adami Nekeb ... Jabneel ... Lakkum ... Aznoth Tabor ... Hukkok + +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/35.md b/jos/19/35.md index 6824b717c0..f51f8ed836 100644 --- a/jos/19/35.md +++ b/jos/19/35.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Ziddim, Zer, Hammath, Rakkath, Chinnereth, Adamah, Ramah, Hazor, Edrei, and Enhazor ## +# Ziddim ... Zer ... Hammath ... Rakkath ... Kinnereth ... Adamah ... Ramah ... Hazor ... Edrei ... En Hazor -names of cities in the list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hammath ## +# Hammath -This is not the same location as "Hamath" but is located on the west shore of the Sea of Galilea. \ No newline at end of file +This is not the same location as "Hamath," but is located on the west shore of the Sea of Galilee. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/38.md b/jos/19/38.md index bfc4d760f8..2102206c48 100644 --- a/jos/19/38.md +++ b/jos/19/38.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Yiron, Migdalel, Horem, and Bethanath ## +# Yiron ... Migdal El ... Horem ... Beth Anath -names of the fortified cities in the list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## nineteen cities ## +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Naphtali -number of cities in the territory beginning in verse 32 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +The land and cities that the tribe of Naphtali received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Naphtali received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it was given to their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua gave it to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/40.md b/jos/19/40.md index 24d6e2460c..e7c6defc5f 100644 --- a/jos/19/40.md +++ b/jos/19/40.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## The seventh ## +# The seventh casting of lots -Number seven in a list. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](./01.md). -## Zorah, Eshtaol, Ir Shemesh, Shaalabbin, Aijalon, and Ithlah ## +# The seventh -Names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +number seven in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# The territory of its inheritance + +The land that the tribe of Dan received is spoken of as if it was an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "The territory of land that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Zorah, Eshtaol, Ir Shemesh, Shaalabbin, Aijalon, and Ithlah + +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/43.md b/jos/19/43.md index f2e08ff335..c3a17033fe 100644 --- a/jos/19/43.md +++ b/jos/19/43.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Elon, Timnah, Ekron, Eltekeh, Gibbethon, Baalath, Jehud, Beneberak, Gath Rimmon, Me Jarkon, and Rakkon ## +# Elon, Timnah, Ekron, Eltekeh, Gibbethon, Baalath, Jehud, Bene Berak, Gath Rimmon, Me Jarkon, and Rakkon -Names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## across from Joppa ## +# across from Joppa -AT "opposite Joppa" or "beside Joppa." \ No newline at end of file +"opposite Joppa" or "beside Joppa" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/47.md b/jos/19/47.md index 609cbb37a9..6bf6c94029 100644 --- a/jos/19/47.md +++ b/jos/19/47.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Leshem ## +# Leshem -A city name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## killed ## +# This was the inheritance of the tribe of Dan -caused the death of someone or something; ended a life \ No newline at end of file +The land and cities that the tribe of Dan received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it was given to their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joshua gave it to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/49.md b/jos/19/49.md index 0f812f3800..128ab3320c 100644 --- a/jos/19/49.md +++ b/jos/19/49.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Timnah Serah ## +# gave an inheritance among themselves to Joshua son of Nun -See how you translate names ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The city that Joshua received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he received as a permanent possession. AT: "gave a city within their own land as an inheritance to Joshua son of Nun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## among themselves ## +# Timnath Serah -AT "within their territories" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/51.md b/jos/19/51.md index 0e87953264..b41078ada1 100644 --- a/jos/19/51.md +++ b/jos/19/51.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## these are the inheritances ## +# These are the inheritances ... assigned -refers to the entire list of inheritances of the remaining seven tribes beginning in 18:10. \ No newline at end of file +The land and cities that the various tribes received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. AT: "These are the portions of land and the cities ... assigned as inheritances" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/19/intro.md b/jos/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ff4fb39526 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Joshua 19 General Notes # + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/20/01.md b/jos/20/01.md index 2e38e556fa..e138dd3656 100644 --- a/jos/20/01.md +++ b/jos/20/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## unintentionally kills ## +# by the hand of Moses -Refers to an act which results in another person's death when harm to the person was not the intent of the act. +Here "hand of Moses" refers to the scriptures that Moses wrote down. AT: "through the things that Moses wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## these cities ## +# unintentionally kills -Refers to the cities described in this passage. \ No newline at end of file +This happens when a person accidentally kills another person, without intending to do so. + +# avenge the blood of a person who was killed + +Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. AT: "avenge a person's death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/20/04.md b/jos/20/04.md index 118c51e9bf..e302baca6b 100644 --- a/jos/20/04.md +++ b/jos/20/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## He will run ## +# He will run -"He" refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone. +Here the word "he" refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone. -## Then they will take him ## +# explain his case to the elders of that city -"they" refers to the elders and "him" refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone. +"convince the elders of that city that he had not intentionally killed the person. -## live among them ## +# Then they will take him -Refers to the city as a whole, not to the elders only. \ No newline at end of file +The word "they" refers to the elders and "him" refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone. + +# live among them + +This refers to the city as a whole, not to the elders only. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/20/05.md b/jos/20/05.md index 2cf2ce52cc..5a076d2a43 100644 --- a/jos/20/05.md +++ b/jos/20/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## hand over ## +# avenge the blood of the person who was killed -An expression meaning to give into someone else's authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Joshua 20:3](./01.md). AT: "avenge a person's death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## had no hatred ## +# killed his neighbor unintentionally ... accidentally killed the person -AT: had no strong, emotional dislike +These phrases mean the same thing. -## stood before the assembly ## +# stood before the assembly This is a phrase that describes standing to seek justice from a court of the assembly of his fellow citizens. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/20/07.md b/jos/20/07.md index 1af28a19b2..3ac67ceed2 100644 --- a/jos/20/07.md +++ b/jos/20/07.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + There are a lot of names in this section. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the Jordan ## +# the Jordan -A short name for the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/jordanriver]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a short name for the Jordan River. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/20/09.md b/jos/20/09.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8c1f72e975 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/20/09.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# would not die by the hand of the one + +Here "by the hand" is an idiom that means to be the specific cause of something. AT: "would not be killed by the one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# avenge the blood that was shed + +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 20:3](./01.md). AT: "avenge a person's death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/20/intro.md b/jos/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1979d5510f --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Joshua 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Cities of Refuge ##### + +If a person was killed, it was the duty of his relatives to kill the killer. If the death was an accident, this would be unfair. Therefore, God told the Israelites to make cities of refuge for a person who killed someone accidentally. In the city where he sought refuge, his case would be solved legally: "Do this so that one who unintentionally kills a person can go there. These cities will be a place of refuge from anyone who seeks to avenge the blood of a person who was killed." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/refuge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/01.md b/jos/21/01.md index 095821a87f..647aed7b7c 100644 --- a/jos/21/01.md +++ b/jos/21/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Eleazar... Nun ## +# Eleazar ... Nun -These are male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## They said to them ## +# They said to them -AT: "The Levites said to them" +"The Levites said to them" -## By the hand of Moses Yahweh commanded you ## +# Yahweh commanded you by the hand of Moses -AT: "Yahweh commanded you through Moses." The word "hand" here may represent the authority that Yahweh gave Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "by the hand of" is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. AT: "Yahweh told Moses to command you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/03.md b/jos/21/03.md index 5a46f356df..0d044670c7 100644 --- a/jos/21/03.md +++ b/jos/21/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## following cities ## +# following cities -Refers to the cities to be listed in the next verses. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the cities to be listed in the next verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/04.md b/jos/21/04.md index 965fecfca3..e0e79d34a8 100644 --- a/jos/21/04.md +++ b/jos/21/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## casting of lots ## +# casting of lots -A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. +A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). -## Kohathites ## +# Kohathites -Translate the same way as in Numbers 3:27, 30, 4:18, 34, 37, 10:21, 26:57, 1 Chron. 6:33, 54, 61, 9:32, 2 Chron. 20:19, 29:12 and 34:12. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This priests in this group were descendants of Levi's son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath's grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## thirteen cities, ten cities ## +# thirteen cities ... ten cities -A number of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +numbers of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## half tribe ## +# half tribe Half the tribe because the other half received their inheritance before crossing the Jordan River. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/06.md b/jos/21/06.md index 4240da9b6a..98d5a92865 100644 --- a/jos/21/06.md +++ b/jos/21/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Gershon ## +# Gershon -Gershon was one of the sons of Levi. Translate the same way as in Genesis 46:11, Exodus 6:16, 17, Numbers 3:17, 18, 21-25, 4:21-24, 28, 38, 41, 54, 61, 9:32, 2 Chron. 20:19, 29:12 and 34:12. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Gershon was one of the sons of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Merari ## +# casting of lots -Merari was one of the sons of Levi. Translate the same way as in Gen. 46:11, Ex6:16-19, Numbers 3:17, 20, 33, 35, 36, 4:29, 33, 42, 45, 7:8, 10:17, 26:57, 1 Chron. 6:1, 16, 19, 29. 44, 47, 63, 67, 9:14, 15:6, 17, 23:6, 21, 24:26, 27, 26:10, 19, 29:12, 34:12 and Ezra 8:19. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). + +# Merari + +Merari was one of the sons of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/08.md b/jos/21/08.md index b71327c2b3..4970cf08bd 100644 --- a/jos/21/08.md +++ b/jos/21/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## by the hand of Moses ## +# Yahweh had commanded by the hand of Moses -This is a figure of speech referring to Moses by only his direction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The phrase "by the hand of" here means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. AT: "Yahweh had told Moses to command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## clans of the Kohathites ## +# clans of the Kohathites -Kohath was a son of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/levite]]) \ No newline at end of file +The priests in this group were descendants of Levi's son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath's grandson. See how you translated this in [Joshua 21:2](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# casting of lots + +A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/11.md b/jos/21/11.md index 523d138b78..ec3dcbd49d 100644 --- a/jos/21/11.md +++ b/jos/21/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## father of Anak ## +# Arba had been the father of Anak -Translate "Anak" the same way in Numbers 13:22,28,33; Joshua 15:13,14 and Judges 1:20. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is background information about the name of the man who founded the city of Kiriath Arba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## hill country ## +# Anak + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# hill country An area of land with natural elevations, smaller than mountains. -## pasturelands ## +# pasturelands An area covered with grass or plants suitable for the grazing of livestock or cattle. -## fields of the city ## +# fields of the city Areas of open land, usually, planted with crops, belonging to and surrounding the city. -## villages ## +# villages Small communities, usually smaller than a town. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/13.md b/jos/21/13.md index 4e7885ff31..e7f5320a1c 100644 --- a/jos/21/13.md +++ b/jos/21/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Libnah, Jattir, Eshtemoa, Holon, Debir, Ain, and Juttah ## +# Libnah ... Jattir ... Eshtemoa ... Holon ... Debir ... Ain ... Juttah These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## nine cities; two tribes ## +# nine cities ... two tribes The number of cities and tribes in the passage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/17.md b/jos/21/17.md index 59a45c53a9..c7e7749ce2 100644 --- a/jos/21/17.md +++ b/jos/21/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Geba, Anathoth, and Almon ## +# From the tribe of Benjamin were given Gibeon -Names of cities in a list. Translate "Anathoth" the same way as in Joshua 21:18, 1 Kings 2:26, 1 Chronicles 6:60, 7:8, Ezra 2:23, Nehemiah 7:27, 10:19, 11:32, Isaiah 10:30, Jeremiah 1:1, 11:21, 23, 29:27, 32:7-9 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The tribe of Benjamin gave Gibeon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## thirteen cities ## +# Geba ... Anathoth ... Almon -Refers to the entire list of cities beginning in verse 13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# thirteen cities + +"13 cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/20.md b/jos/21/20.md index 406eca7646..9454077a7b 100644 --- a/jos/21/20.md +++ b/jos/21/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Kohath ## +# the family of Kohath -name of a person (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The priests in this group were descendants of Levi's son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath's grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gezer, Kibzaim and Bethhoron ## +# they had cities given to them -Names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they received cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## four cities in all ## +# casting of lots -Refers to the list by the total number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). + +# Gezer ... Kibzaim ... Beth Horon + +names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# four cities in all + +This refers to the list by the total number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/23.md b/jos/21/23.md index ad4ec259bf..cc47e79351 100644 --- a/jos/21/23.md +++ b/jos/21/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Elteke, Gibbethon, Aijalon, and Gath-Rimmon ## +# From the tribe of Dan, the clan of Kohath was given Eltekeh -Rimmon** - These are proper names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The tribe of Dan gave to the clan of Kohath Eltekeh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## four cities ## +# the clan of Kohath -Refers to the same cities by number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +The priests in this group were descendants of Levi's son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath's grandson. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 21:20](./20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Eltekeh ... Gibbethon ... Aijalon ... Gath Rimmon + +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# four cities + +This refers to the number of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/25.md b/jos/21/25.md index 19a9632dae..423c4fe063 100644 --- a/jos/21/25.md +++ b/jos/21/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Taanach and Gathrimmon ## +# From the half tribe of Manasseh, the clan of Kohath was given Taanach + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The half tribe of Manasseh gave to the clan of Kohath Taanach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Taanach ... Gath Rimmon These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## two cities; ten cities in all ## +# two cities ... ten cities in all -numbers of cities listed (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +numbers of cities listed (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# clan of Kohath ... clans of the Kohathites + +The priests in this group were descendants of Levi's son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath's grandson. See how you translated this in [Joshua 21:2](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/27.md b/jos/21/27.md index 78758ac151..85b12b09cc 100644 --- a/jos/21/27.md +++ b/jos/21/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Gershon; Golan; Beeshterah ## +# From the half tribe of Manasseh, to clans of Gershon, these were other Levite clans, and they gave Golan -Names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The half tribe of Manasseh, other Levite clans, received from the half tribe of Manasseh Golan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## killed another unintentionally ## +# Golan ... Be Eshterah -Refers to a death resulting from an action not intended to harm a person. +names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## two cities ## +# killed another unintentionally -Refers to the same cities named as a number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to a death resulting from an action not intended to harm a person. + +# two cities + +number of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/28.md b/jos/21/28.md index d891a102cb..b85fe80d6a 100644 --- a/jos/21/28.md +++ b/jos/21/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Kishion, Daberath, Jarmuth, Engannim, Mishal, Abdon, Helkath, and Rehob ## +# To the clans of Gershon they also gave Kishion -Names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The clans of Gershon also received Kishion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## four cities in all ## +# Kishion ... Daberath ... Jarmuth ... En Gannim ... Mishal ... Abdon ... Helkath ... Rehob -The number of cities listed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# From the tribe of Asher, they gave Mishal + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They received from the tribe of Asher Mishal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# four cities in all + +This refers to the number of cities listed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/32.md b/jos/21/32.md index f95ad6e856..f83d35ffeb 100644 --- a/jos/21/32.md +++ b/jos/21/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Gershon ## +# From the tribe of Naphtali, they gave the clans of Gershon Kedesh -Name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The clans of Gershon received from the tribe of Naphtali Kedesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Hammothdor, and Kartan ## +# Gershon -Names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## thirteen cities in all ## +# Hammoth Dor ... Kartan -Refers to the list beginning in verse 27 as a number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# thirteen cities in all + +"13 cities in total" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/34.md b/jos/21/34.md index ba71a53545..2b4f14a0d9 100644 --- a/jos/21/34.md +++ b/jos/21/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Merari ## +# To the rest of the Levites—the clans of Merari—were given out of the tribe of Zebulun: Jokneam -name of a person (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: The rest of the Levites—the clans of Merari—received from the tribe of Zebulun Jokneam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Jokneam, Kartah, Dimnah, and Nahalal ## +# Merari + +name of a person (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jokneam ... Kartah ... Dimnah ... Nahalal names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## four cities in all ## +# four cities in all The cities are referred to in total as a number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/36.md b/jos/21/36.md index 95039feaff..66947556b1 100644 --- a/jos/21/36.md +++ b/jos/21/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## four cities ## +# To the clans of Merari were given from the tribe of Reuben: Bezer -Refers to the list as a sum total. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The clans of Merari received from the tribe of Reuben Bezer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Bezer, Jahaz, Kedemoth, Mephaath, and Ramoth ## +# four cities -Names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This refers to the total number of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Mahanaim ## +# Bezer ... Jahaz ... Kedemoth ... Mephaath ... Ramoth -Translate the same way as in Genesis 32:2; Joshua 13:26,30; 2 Samuel 2:8,12,29; 17:24,27; 19:32; 1 Kings 2:8,4:14; 1 Chronicles 6:80 and Song of Solomon 6:13 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Out of the tribe of Gad they were given Ramoth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They received from the tribe of Gad Ramoth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Mahanaim + +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/39.md b/jos/21/39.md index 363b5d2114..08bd74f0a7 100644 --- a/jos/21/39.md +++ b/jos/21/39.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Heshbon and Jazer ## +# The clans of Merari were also given Heshbon -names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The clans of Merari also received Heshbon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## twelve cities in all ## +# Heshbon ... Jazer -Refers to the entire list beginning in verse 34. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## casting of lots ## +# twelve cities in all -AT "choosing by chance" or "randomly assigning." A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. \ No newline at end of file +"12 cities in total" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# twelve cities in all were given to them by the casting of lots + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they received these twelve cities by the casting of lots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# casting of lots + +A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/41.md b/jos/21/41.md index e836bed99e..b4a666d9d9 100644 --- a/jos/21/41.md +++ b/jos/21/41.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## forty-eight cities ## +# The cities of the Levites taken from the middle of the land -eight cities** - This sum refers to the entire list beginning in verse 4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Levites received their cities from the middle of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# forty-eight cities + +"48 cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/43.md b/jos/21/43.md index 3caab11892..024a91a11f 100644 --- a/jos/21/43.md +++ b/jos/21/43.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## he swore ## +# he swore -AT "he gave an oath" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oath]]) +"he gave an oath" -## gave all their enemies into their hand ## +# Not one of their enemies could defeat them -A figure of speech referring to the nation by stating that they now controlled it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. AT: "They defeated every one of their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# gave all their enemies into their hand + +Here "into their hand" means "into their power." AT: "gave them power to defeat all their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Not one thing among all the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel failed to come true + +This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. AT: "Every one of the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel came true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/21/intro.md b/jos/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9e270ace36 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Joshua 21 General Notes # + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/01.md b/jos/22/01.md index 05cb6da5e2..95f6db0e8a 100644 --- a/jos/22/01.md +++ b/jos/22/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Reubenites ## +# Reubenites people of the tribe of Reuben (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gadites ## +# Gadites -people of the tribe of Gad (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +people of the tribe of Gad (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# obeyed my voice + +Here "my voice" refers to the things that Joshua had said. AT: "obeyed everything I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You have not deserted your brothers + +This can be stated in a positive way. AT: "You have remained with your brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/04.md b/jos/22/04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a0ca8bee9e --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/22/04.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# to walk in all his ways + +A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh's ways or roads. AT: "to obey everything he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with all your heart and with all your soul + +The terms "heart" and "soul" are here used together to refer to the entire person. AT: "with all you think and feel" or "with your entire being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/07.md b/jos/22/07.md index b79d494a0c..f7db2782cc 100644 --- a/jos/22/07.md +++ b/jos/22/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## the Jordan ## +# the Jordan -A short name for the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/jordanriver]]) +This was a short name for the Jordan River. -## money ## +# iron -Coins or special paper used as a means of exchange. +a strong, hard, magnetic metal -## iron ## +# plunder -A strong, hard, magnetic metal. - -## enemies ## - -People who are opposed or hostile towards someone or something. - -## plunder ## - -The spoils of war. The winning army would take everything of value from the conquered. \ No newline at end of file +The winning army would take everything of value from the people they conquered. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/09.md b/jos/22/09.md index 03011f1dc9..35abcf76c2 100644 --- a/jos/22/09.md +++ b/jos/22/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## hand of Moses ## +# the commandment of Yahweh, by the hand of Moses -A figure of speech referring to Moses acting on behalf of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "by the hand of" is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. AT: "the commandment that Yahweh told Moses to give to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/10.md b/jos/22/10.md index 0c819d3d3d..4324dd2197 100644 --- a/jos/22/10.md +++ b/jos/22/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the Jordan ## +# the Jordan -A short name for the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/jordanriver]]) +This was a short name for the Jordan River. -## Geliloth ## +# at the front of the land of Canaan -See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]. \ No newline at end of file +The Israelite tribes who lived across the Jordan River would enter Canaan at the place where they built the altar. This place is spoken of as if it was the "front" or "entrance" to Canaan where the other tribes lived. AT: "at the entrance to the land of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Geliloth + +name of a city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/12.md b/jos/22/12.md index 993c03a41d..674953eaae 100644 --- a/jos/22/12.md +++ b/jos/22/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## war ## +# war a state of armed conflict between two nations or people groups \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/13.md b/jos/22/13.md index 83b83da444..0dbde6a537 100644 --- a/jos/22/13.md +++ b/jos/22/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## Eleazar ## +# Eleazar -name of person (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## ten leaders ## - -number of leaders (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +name of man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/15.md b/jos/22/15.md index 864a1b4e05..7c79f449e8 100644 --- a/jos/22/15.md +++ b/jos/22/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## unfaithfulness ## +# The whole assembly of Yahweh says this -Describes a state of being disloyal or seditious (planning to rebel). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]]) \ No newline at end of file +All the people of Israel are spoken of together in the singular as if they were one person. AT: "All the other Israelites are asking" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/17.md b/jos/22/17.md index 3e9d36028d..3a4ad1c619 100644 --- a/jos/22/17.md +++ b/jos/22/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Peor ## +# Was our sin at Peor not enough for us? -The name of a place. Translate the same way as in Numbers 23:28, 25:3, 5, 18, 31:16, Deuteronomy 3:29, 4:3, 46, 34:6, Joshua 13:20, Psalm 106:28 and Hosea 9:10. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This question emphasizes how serious their previous sin was. This can be written as a statement. AT: "We had already sinned terribly at Peor!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Peor + +This is name of a place. Translate the same way as in [Joshua 13:20](../13/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# we have not even now cleansed ourselves from it + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "we are still dealing with the guilt of that sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Must you also turn away from following Yahweh at this present day? + +This question is used to rebuke the people for their sin. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You must not turn away from following Yahweh today!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/19.md b/jos/22/19.md index d121304eca..ad8d76592c 100644 --- a/jos/22/19.md +++ b/jos/22/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Achan and Zerah ## +# Achan ... Zerah -Names of people. Translate Achan the same way as in Joshua 7:1, 10, 18-20, 24. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Did not Achan, the son of Zerah, break faith in the matter of those things that had been reserved for God? And did not wrath fall on all the people of Israel? ## +# Did not Achan son of Zerah break faith in the matter of those things that had been reserved for God? Did not wrath fall on all the people of Israel? -These questions are to emphasize the past experience for the hearer. Those asking assume they already know the answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +These questions are used to remind the people of the punishment for past sins. These questions can be written as statements. AT: "Achan son of Zerah sinned by taking things that had been reserved for God. And because of that God punished all the people of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/21.md b/jos/22/21.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5600bb65a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/22/21.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# If it was in rebellion ... let Yahweh make us pay for it + +The three tribes are making two hypothetical statements that they insist are not true. They did not build the altar to worship another god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/24.md b/jos/22/24.md index a6f52f9254..65fe777d97 100644 --- a/jos/22/24.md +++ b/jos/22/24.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer. -## 'What have you to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel? ## +# your children might say to our children ... God of Israel? -This question challenges the listeners with an assumed answer, "You have nothing to do with Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# What have you to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel? + +The three tribes use this rhetorical question to emphasize the situation they are trying to avoid. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You have nothing to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/25.md b/jos/22/25.md index 9d5808694d..b944449af9 100644 --- a/jos/22/25.md +++ b/jos/22/25.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh continue their answer. -## the Jordan ## +# For Yahweh has made the Jordan ... nothing to do with Yahweh -A short name for the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/jordanriver]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the continuation of the hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# the Jordan + +This is a short name for the Jordan River. + +# So your children might make our children cease to worship Yahweh + +The three tribes built the altar to avoid this hypothetical situation from happening in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/26.md b/jos/22/26.md index 991235c4ee..f6b2cd7ac9 100644 --- a/jos/22/26.md +++ b/jos/22/26.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer. -## no share ## +# to be a witness between us and you -AT: "no portion" or "no inheritance." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify to the rights of the three tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, "You have no share in Yahweh." + +This is the hypothetical situation that the three tribes did not want to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# no share + +"no portion" or "no inheritance" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/28.md b/jos/22/28.md index 1bd018c52c..284feda284 100644 --- a/jos/22/28.md +++ b/jos/22/28.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now finish their answer. -## May it be far from us that we should rebel ## +# If this should be said ... a witness between us and you." -"We would certainly not rebel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The three tribes are describing their potential answer to an accusation that might or might not be made at a future time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# May it be far from us that we should rebel + +The unlikely chance that they would rebel is spoken of as if it is something that is a great distance away from them. AT: "We would certainly not rebel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# turn away from following him + +To stop following Yahweh is spoken of as if they were turning away from him. AT: "stop following him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/30.md b/jos/22/30.md index 0bf05e38dc..3176a36048 100644 --- a/jos/22/30.md +++ b/jos/22/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## was good in their eyes ## +# heard the words -"The explanation was good in their opinion." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"heard the message" -## breach of faith ## +# was good in their eyes -AT: "Broken the promise" +Here "in their eyes" means "in their opinion." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you have rescued the people ## +# committed this breach of faith against him -"you have kept Yahweh from punishing us" \ No newline at end of file +"broken your promise to him" + +# you have rescued the people of Israel out of the hand of Yahweh + +Here "the hand of Yahweh" refers to his punishment. Protecting the people is spoken of as rescuing them from his hand. AT: "you have kept Yahweh from punishing us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/32.md b/jos/22/32.md index 414e11fbf9..c9c0569663 100644 --- a/jos/22/32.md +++ b/jos/22/32.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Their report was good in the eyes of the people ## +# Their report was good in the eyes of the people -"The people had a good opinion of what the leader reported" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "good in the eyes" means "accepted." AT: "The people accepted the report of the leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# destroy the land + +"destroy everything in the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/34.md b/jos/22/34.md index fbf511968c..e4cf1f1838 100644 --- a/jos/22/34.md +++ b/jos/22/34.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## for they said ## +# for they said -Refers to the Reubenites and Gadites. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the Reubenites and Gadites. + +# It is a witness between us + +The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify for the three tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/22/intro.md b/jos/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9130dc0fc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Joshua 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The division of the land is completed in this chapter. Additionally, the soldiers who received land on the east side of the Jordan River were released to go home. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The tribes east of the Jordan River build a monument ##### + +The tribes east of the Jordan River said, "Let us now build an altar, not for burnt offerings nor for any sacrifices, but to be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we will perform the service of Yahweh before him, with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace offerings, so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, 'You have no share in Yahweh.'" They went home even though the Israelites had not fully conquered the land. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/23/01.md b/jos/23/01.md index e0839b1029..fe7649ae6e 100644 --- a/jos/23/01.md +++ b/jos/23/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## very old ## +# very old lived for many years \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/23/04.md b/jos/23/04.md index d6c60254f2..a59c3162dc 100644 --- a/jos/23/04.md +++ b/jos/23/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the Jordan ## +# the Jordan -A short name for the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/jordanriver]]) +This is a short name for the Jordan River. -## in the west ## +# in the west -indicates the direction to which the sun sets. \ No newline at end of file +This indicates the direction of the setting sun. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/23/06.md b/jos/23/06.md index 4f46a6c4ab..6cecc5816a 100644 --- a/jos/23/06.md +++ b/jos/23/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## mix ## +# turning aside from it neither to the right hand nor to the left -AT: intermarry +Disobeying the commands of the law of Moses is spoken of as turning to the right or to the left away from a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## mention ## +# you may not mix + +Possible meanings are 1) having close friendship with them or 2) intermarrying with them. + +# mention to speak of -## their gods ## +# their gods -Refers to the gods of the nations remaining. +This refers to the gods of the remaining nations. -## cling ## +# cling to Yahweh -AT: hold tightly to +"hold tightly to Yahweh." Believing in Yahweh is spoken of as if they were holding tightly onto him. AT: "continue to believe in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to this day ## +# to this day -AT: Continuously until the present time. \ No newline at end of file +"until the present time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/23/09.md b/jos/23/09.md index 879a6cf329..47754894a6 100644 --- a/jos/23/09.md +++ b/jos/23/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## to stand before you ## +# to stand before you -A figure of speech using "stand" to represent holding ground in a battle. You throughout this verse refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +Here "stand" represents holding ground in a battle. The word "you" refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## single ## +# single -refers to one (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## thousand ## +# thousand -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/23/12.md b/jos/23/12.md index 0d36e52f2c..eb0c985383 100644 --- a/jos/23/12.md +++ b/jos/23/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## whips on your backs and thorns in your eyes ## +# cling to the survivors of these nations -A figure of speech comparing the trouble these nations will cause to the pain caused by whips and thorns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Accepting the beliefs of these nations is spoken of as holding tightly to them. AT: "accept the beliefs of the survivors of these nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a snare and a trap + +The words "snare" and "trap" mean basically the same thing. Together they speak of the other nations as if they were a deadly trap that will cause trouble for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whips on your backs and thorns in your eyes + +These phrases speak of the troubles these nations will cause Israel as if they were as painful as whips and thorns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/23/14.md b/jos/23/14.md index f8307b4724..75cb201752 100644 --- a/jos/23/14.md +++ b/jos/23/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the way of all the earth ## +# I am going the way of all the earth -A figure of speech describing death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Joshua uses a polite term to refer to his death. AT: "I am going to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## know with all your hearts and souls ## +# know with all your hearts and souls -A figure of speech describing complete knowledge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here the words "hearts" and "souls" have similar meanings. Together they emphasize deep personal knowledge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## not one word has failed to come true ## +# not one word has failed to come true -A figure of speech emphasizing that Yahweh's promises have all occurred. AT: "every word has come true." The idea is further emphasized by repetition in the rest of the verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These words emphasize that Yahweh's promises have all occurred. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "every word has come true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/23/16.md b/jos/23/16.md index 303438a3b9..c782efad89 100644 --- a/jos/23/16.md +++ b/jos/23/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## He will do this ## +# He will do this -Refers to the punishment threatened in the previous verse. +This refers to the punishment threatened in the previous verse. -## worship other gods and bow down to them ## +# worship other gods and bow down to them -Another way of describing worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second describes how the people "worship other gods." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## will be kindled ## +# the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against you -"Kindled" is a metaphor for the beginning of Yahweh's anger, like a fire is "kindled" or started with "kindling" or small very easy to start burning like dried grass or small twigs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Kindled" is a metaphor for the beginning of Yahweh's anger, like a fire is "kindled" or started with "kindling" or very easy to start burning like dried grass or small twigs. AT: "Yahweh will begin to be angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/23/intro.md b/jos/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cefa959483 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Joshua 23 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Joshua's final words to Israel (Joshua 23-24) ##### + +"Do not marry with the heathen people but drive them out." ##### Drive them out ##### +The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land because if the Israelites married the Canaanites, the Canaanites would cause them to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/01.md b/jos/24/01.md index 0b0adf5d11..5bbe824452 100644 --- a/jos/24/01.md +++ b/jos/24/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## presented themselves before ## +# Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel -AT: "came in front of" or "came before" +Joshua's summons to the tribes is spoken of as if he gathered them together in a basket. AT: "Joshua asked all the tribes of Israel to meet with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## long ago ## +# presented themselves before -AT: many years ago +"came and stood in front of" or "came before" -## other gods ## +# long ago -Refers to things worshipped besides Yahweh. +"many years ago" -## Terah ## +# This is what -Be sure to translate the same way as in Genesis 11:24-32, Numbers 33:27-28, 1 Chronicles 1:26 and Luke 3:34. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Joshua begins to quote what Yahweh had said previously. The quotation continues until the end of verse 13. -## This is what ## +# Terah ... Nahor -Refers to the quote beginning immediately following which continues until the end of verse 13 in which Joshua is quoting Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/03.md b/jos/24/03.md index 94656fe56c..443e275967 100644 --- a/jos/24/03.md +++ b/jos/24/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -## gave him many ## +# Seir -AT: "gave him a large number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +name of a place or location (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Seir ## +# went down -name of a place or location. Be sure to translate the same way as in Genesis 14:6, 32:3, 33:14,16, 36:8-9, 20-21, 30, Numbers 24:18, and many more. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## went down ## - -AT: "travelled to" \ No newline at end of file +Egypt was lower in elevation that the land of Canaan. AT: "traveled" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/05.md b/jos/24/05.md index 80eb069ff1..ec96a82833 100644 --- a/jos/24/05.md +++ b/jos/24/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -## brought you out ## +# brought you out ... brought your ancestors out -"You" throughout this speech refers to the entire nation of Isreal in it's history and including the present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh continually alternates between these two phrases, which both refer to all the Israelites, past and present. The word "you" is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/07.md b/jos/24/07.md index d7208287b9..8ec281ca24 100644 --- a/jos/24/07.md +++ b/jos/24/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -## Egyptians ## +# your ancestors ... you -The inhabitants of Egypt. +Yahweh continually alternates between these two phrases, which both refer to all the Israelites, past and present. The word "you" is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## the sea ## +# the sea -Refers to the Red Sea. +This refers to the Sea of Reeds. -## in the wilderness ## +# in the wilderness -An uninhabited area, a desert. \ No newline at end of file +an uninhabited area, a desert \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/08.md b/jos/24/08.md index b3dff8b9f3..70b8739071 100644 --- a/jos/24/08.md +++ b/jos/24/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -## the Jordan ## +# you -A short name for the Jordan River. +The word "you" is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## gave them into your hand. ## +# the Jordan -AT: "Empowered you to conquer them." This is a figure of speech using the hand to speak of the entire nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a short name for the Jordan River. + +# gave them into your hand + +Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "enabled you to conquer them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/09.md b/jos/24/09.md index 23ee729dae..2bfe48e4e6 100644 --- a/jos/24/09.md +++ b/jos/24/09.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -## Balak ## +# Balak ... Zippor -Be sure to translate the same way as throughout Numbers 22-24, Judges 11:25, Micah 6:5 and Revelation 2:14. Translate his father's name Zippor the same way in all theses places also. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# you + +The word "you" is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# rescued you out of his hand + +Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "enabled you to overcome him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/11.md b/jos/24/11.md index 4bd15a7f39..98dacee3e2 100644 --- a/jos/24/11.md +++ b/jos/24/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. -## the Jordan ## +# You -A short name for the Jordan River. +The word "you" is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## the hornet ## +# the Jordan -A small fast flying stinging insect that lives in colonies. The many are spoken of as only one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a short name for the Jordan River. + +# the hornet + +A small fast flying stinging insect that lives in colonies. Here, many "hornets" are spoken of as only one. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/13.md b/jos/24/13.md index 667f5b75a6..7636ae6997 100644 --- a/jos/24/13.md +++ b/jos/24/13.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Joshua finishes quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/14.md b/jos/24/14.md index bb83ebc3ee..1324abf849 100644 --- a/jos/24/14.md +++ b/jos/24/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## as for me ## +# If it seems wrong in your eyes -AT: "I made the choice for me" \ No newline at end of file +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or desire. AT: "If you do not want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my house + +This represents his family that lives in his house. AT: "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/16.md b/jos/24/16.md index 9b80e85bdd..f3da36e3fc 100644 --- a/jos/24/16.md +++ b/jos/24/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## house of slavery ## +# us and our ancestors ... we -“place where you were slaves” (See how you translated this in [Exodus 20:1](../../exo/20/01.md)) +The people speak as if they were present with their ancestors, and interchange the words "us" and "we" with "our ancestors." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## nations through whom we passed ## +# house of slavery -AT: "nations we passed through" \ No newline at end of file +Here "house" is an idiom that refers to the location of their slavery. AT: "place where we were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# nations through whom we passed + +"nations that we passed through" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/19.md b/jos/24/19.md index b832260893..17ed42d9b7 100644 --- a/jos/24/19.md +++ b/jos/24/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## he is a jealous god ## +# people -God wants his people to worship only him. (See how you translated this in [Exodus 20:4](../../exo/20/04.md).) +This refers to the Israelites. -## people ## +# he is a jealous God -Refers to the Israelites. \ No newline at end of file +God wants his people to worship only him. + +# He will consume you + +Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if he was a fire that would destroy them. AT: "He will destroy you as with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/21.md b/jos/24/21.md index c26db3c78a..31746fe352 100644 --- a/jos/24/21.md +++ b/jos/24/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## people ## +# people -Refers to the Israelites +This refers to the Israelites. -## foreign god ## +# turn your heart to Yahweh -A false god, one that is a from a different place. \ No newline at end of file +Deciding to obey Yahweh only is spoken of as turning their heart towards him. Here "heart" represents the whole person. In this case, "heart" is plural because it refers to all the Israelites as a single group. However, it may be best to translate it in the plural since "your" is plural. AT: "turn yourselves to Yahweh" or "decide to obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/24.md b/jos/24/24.md index dd09a0b46a..46e2a6a33e 100644 --- a/jos/24/24.md +++ b/jos/24/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## people ## +# people -Refers to the Israelites. +This refers to the Israelites. -## we will listen to his voice ## +# We will listen to his voice -AT: "we will pay attention and obey everything he tells us to do" +Here "listen" means to obey. AT: "We will obey everything he tells us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## book of the Law of God ## +# He put in place decrees and laws -Appears to be a continuation of the writings of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) +Establishing laws is spoken of as if Joshua physically set them in place like monuments. AT: "He established decrees and laws" or "He gave them laws and decrees to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## set it up there ## +# the book of the law of God -AT: "placed it there" \ No newline at end of file +This appears to be a continuation of the writings of Moses. + +# set it up there + +"placed it there" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/27.md b/jos/24/27.md index 7f2dc9fb66..d1778a219c 100644 --- a/jos/24/27.md +++ b/jos/24/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## people ## +# people -Refers to the Israelites. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the Israelites. + +# this stone will be a testimony ... It has heard all the words + +The stone that Joshua set up is spoken of as if it were a person who heard what was spoken and would be able to testify about what was said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# should you ever + +"if you ever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/29.md b/jos/24/29.md index e3465747e1..0037dd1ea0 100644 --- a/jos/24/29.md +++ b/jos/24/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Nun, Timnath Serah, Mount Gaash ## +# 110 years old -Names of people and places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"one hundred and ten years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## 110 years old ## +# Timnath Serah ... Mount Gaash -A number of years written in numerals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/31.md b/jos/24/31.md index 44fe8b790b..c8c2075919 100644 --- a/jos/24/31.md +++ b/jos/24/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## all of Joshua's days ## +# all of Joshua's days -A figure of speech referring to his entire life as the days he was alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that refers to Joshua's entire life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# outlived Joshua + +"lived longer than Joshua" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/32.md b/jos/24/32.md index e1ef91190d..039eed81d7 100644 --- a/jos/24/32.md +++ b/jos/24/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## one hundred pieces ## +# The bones of Joseph ... they buried them at Shechem, -A number written out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +It may be helpful to change the order of the beginning of this sentence. AT: "The people of Israel brought the bones of Joseph up out of Egypt and buried them at Shechem" -## Eleazar, Gibeah ## +# one hundred pieces -Names of people or places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"100 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Eleazar + +name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gibeah + +name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/24/intro.md b/jos/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..217b906a51 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Joshua 24 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Joshua's instructions ##### +In this chapter, Joshua gives the leaders and people instructions in preparation for his death. It was common in the Ancient Near East for important leaders to do this. Unfortunately, the people of Israel did not listen to Joshua's instructions. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Joshua 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jos/front/intro.md b/jos/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a73ff5ce22 --- /dev/null +++ b/jos/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +# Introduction to Joshua # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Joshua #### + +1. Conquest of the land of Canaan (1–12) + - Preparation for conquest; spies, and crossing the Jordan River (1:1–5:1) + - Ceremonies at Gilgal; conquest of Jericho and Ai (5:2–8:29) + - Covenant affirmation at Shechem (8:30–35) + - Southern and central campaigns, northern campaigns (9:1–12:24) +1. Settlement in Promised Land; divisions of the land (13:1–22:34) +1. Joshua's final days (23–24) + +#### What is the Book of Joshua about? #### + +The Book of Joshua is about how God fulfilled his promise that the Israelites would enter the Promised Land and occupy it. They did this as they united in obedience to God and as they fought battles under his direction through Joshua, the leader who took the place of Moses. This book also tells how each of the twelve tribes received its portion of the land when it was divided among them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may create a short title such as "The Book About When Joshua Led Israel." Translators should avoid a title that points to Joshua as the writer of the book. + +#### Who wrote the Book of Joshua? #### + +The book does not indicate who wrote it, although there are several references in it to Joshua writing some things down. Traditional Judaism believes that Joshua wrote most of the book. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What concept of history begins to be presented in the Book of Joshua? #### + +Although humans made choices that affected historical events, it was common in the ancient Near East to assume that the gods determined most world events. The Book of Joshua has some similarities with this view, but there are important differences. In Joshua, historical events occur because of Yahweh's promises to his people, Israel. They also occur because of Israel's response of trust and obedience to Yahweh, or lack of faith and disobedience. Israel's trust in Yahweh was all the more remarkable because it was normally assumed that gods had no power outside of the territories that they controlled. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What does the phrase "to this day" mean? #### + +This phrase was used by the writer to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time which has already passed. He must avoid giving the impression to readers that "to this day" means the present day. The translator might decide to say "to this day, at the time when this was being written," or "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in Joshua 4:9; 6:25; 7:26; 8:28, 29; 10:27; 13:13; 14:14; 15:63; 16:10. + +#### What does the phrase "all Israel" mean? #### + +This phrase appears many times in the Book of Joshua, but it does not always mean the entire Israelite nation, that is, literally every Israelite. At times it means the Israelite army; at other times it means the representatives of the twelve tribes of Israel. In still other passages it probably means many people in the nation of Israel. + +#### When should Joshua be translated? #### + +The Book of Joshua should probably not be translated before Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This is because the historical events of Joshua will not be understood without the information provided by these previous books. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/01.md b/jud/01/01.md index 1bf25d72a0..47dfc330ce 100644 --- a/jud/01/01.md +++ b/jud/01/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Jude, a servant of ## +# General Information: -Jude is the brother of James. Alternate translation: "I am Jude, a servant of." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Jude identifies himself as the writer of this letter and greets his readers. He was probably the half-brother of Jesus. There are two other Judes mentioned in the New Testament. -## and brother of James ## +# General Information: -James and Jude are half brothers of Jesus. +The word "you" in this letter refers to the Christians to whom Jude was writing and is always plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## beloved in God the Father ## +# Jude, a servant of -"God the Father loves you" +Jude is the brother of James. AT: "I am Jude, a servant of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and kept for Jesus Christ ## +# brother of James -"and protected now that they believe in Jesus Christ" +James and Jude were half brothers of Jesus. -## mercy to you and peace and love be multiplied ## +# May mercy and peace and love be multiplied to you -"You" refers to all the Christians who were to receive this letter. Alternate translation: "may mercy, peace and love be increased many times for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +"may mercy, peace, and love be increased many times for you." These ideas are spoken of as if they were objects that could grow in size or number. This can be restate to remove the abstract nouns "mercy," "peace," and "love." AT: "May God continue to be merciful to you so that you live peacefully and love one another more and more (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/03.md b/jud/01/03.md index 89b6aa28ae..6ea33a347d 100644 --- a/jud/01/03.md +++ b/jud/01/03.md @@ -1,39 +1,43 @@ -## I was making every effort to write to you ## +# Connecting Statement: -"I was very eager to write to you" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Jude tells the believers his reason for writing this letter. -## our common salvation ## +# General Information: -"we share the same salvation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +The word "our" in this letter includes both Jude and believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## I had to write ## +# our common salvation + +"the salvation we share" + +# I had to write "I felt a great need to write" or "I felt an urgent need to write" -## to exhort you to struggle earnestly for the faith ## +# to exhort you to struggle earnestly for the faith "to encourage you to defend the true teaching" -## handed down ## +# once for all -"God gave this true teaching" +"finally and completely" -## For certain men have come stealthily ## +# believers + +"saints." Some versions translate this as "holy ones." It gives the idea of Christian believers with no special emphasis on their moral qualities, but rather believers who are made saints by belief in Jesus' death for salvation. + +# For certain men have slipped in secretly among you "For some men have come in among the believers without drawing attention to themselves" -## of whose condemnation it was written long ago ## +# men who were marked out for condemnation -"long ago it was written that these men would be condemned" +This can also be put into the active voice. AT: "men whom God chose to condemn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## who change the grace of our God into lasciviousness ## +# who pervert the grace of our God into sensuality -"who teach that God's grace permits one to continue to live in sexual sin" +God's grace is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be changed into something horrible. AT: "who change the grace of our God into filthy lust" or "who teach that God's grace permits one to continue to live in sexual sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ ## +# deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ -these men teach that Jesus Christ is not true or only way to God. - -## deny ## - -to say that something is not true. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) they teach that he is not God or 2) these men do not obey Jesus Christ. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/05.md b/jud/01/05.md index 3dad366f41..df6eb7eb42 100644 --- a/jud/01/05.md +++ b/jud/01/05.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## I wish to remind you ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Jude gives examples from the past of those who did not follow the Lord. + +# I wish to remind you "I want you to remember" -## you know everything ## +# although once you fully knew it -Jude is mainly referring to the writings of Moses that they have been taught. Alternate translation: "you know the writings of Moses." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"although at one time you completely knew this" -## the Lord once saved a people out of the land of Egypt ## +# the Lord saved a people out of the land of Egypt "the Lord rescued the Israelites long ago from Egypt" -## but that afterward ## +# the Lord -"at a later time" or "after something has happened" +Some texts read "Jesus." -## ...their own principality ## +# their own position of authority -Angels who did not keep to their positions or responsibilities entrusted to them. +"the responsibilities God entrusted to them" -## left they proper dwelling place ## +# left their proper dwelling place -"they abandoned their own assigned places" +"abandoned their own assigned places" -## God has kept them in everlasting chains in darkness ## +# God has kept them in everlasting chains, in utter darkness -"God has imprisoned these angels in darkness" +"God has put these angels in a dark prison from which they will never escape" -## ...the great day ## +# the great day -The final day where God judges all people. \ No newline at end of file +the final day when God will judge everyone \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/07.md b/jud/01/07.md index 2e407dce1f..a41720c262 100644 --- a/jud/01/07.md +++ b/jud/01/07.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## It is just like ## +# the cities around them -This is comparing how the angels abandoned their assigned work to people in Sodom and Gomorrah. +Here "cities" stands for the people who lived in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and the cities around them ## +# also indulged themselves -"and the other cities near them" +The sexual sins of Sodom and Gomorrah were the result of the same kind of rebellion as the angels' evil ways. -## in a similar way gave themselves over ## +# as examples of those who suffer the punishment -Sodom and Gomorrah lived in sexual sins the same way as the angels followed evil ways. +The destruction of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah became an example of the fate of all who reject God. -## over to sexual immorality and pursued unnatural desires ## +# these dreamers -People were having sex outside of marriage. Also men were having sex with men, and women were having sex with women. +the people who disobey God, probably because they claimed to see visions that gave them authority to do so -## They were given ## +# pollute their bodies -"The people of Sodom and Gomorrah were given" +This metaphor says that their sin makes their bodies—that is, their actions—unacceptable the way garbage in a stream makes the water undrinkable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## as examples of those who suffer the punishment of eternal fire ## +# say slanderous things -The destruction of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah became an example for the fate of all who reject God. +"speak insults" -## these also pollute ## +# glorious ones -"These" refers to people who reject God who pollute their bodies with sexual immorality the same way throwing garbage into a stream can cause the water to be bad to drink. - -## about the glorious ones ## - -"about God's wonderful angels" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to spiritual beings, such as angels. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/09.md b/jud/01/09.md index 509fd2f46c..95ed013b18 100644 --- a/jud/01/09.md +++ b/jud/01/09.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## argued about the body ## +# General Information: -they were arguing over who will take possession of the body. Alternate Translation: "argued about who would take possession of the body." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Balaam was a prophet who refused to curse Israel for an enemy but then taught that enemy to get the people to marry unbelievers and become idol worshipers. -## (Michael) did not dare to bring against him ## +# General Information: -AT: "Michael kept himself from rebuking the devil" +Korah was a man of Israel who rebelled against Moses' leadership and Aaron's priesthood. -## condemnation or insulting words ## +# did not dare to bring -"strong criticism or disrespectful words" +"controlled himself. He did not bring" or "was not willing to bring" -## But these people ## +# a slanderous judgment -"these people" are the ungodly people mentioned earlier. +"an evil-speaking judgment" or "an evil judgment" -## insult all the things that they do not understand ## +# these people -"speak disrespectfully against anything that they do not know the meaning of" +the ungodly people -## the way of Cain ## +# bring slanders against -Cain murdered his brother Able. +"say evil, untrue things about" -## error of Balaam for wages ## +# whatever they do not understand -Balaam tried to curse Israel for money. +"anything of which they do not know the meaning." Possible meanings are 1) "everything good that they do not understand" or 2) "the glorious ones, which they do not understand" ([Jude 1:8](./07.md)). -## Korah's rebellion ## +# the way of Cain -Korah rebelled against Moses' leadership and Aaron's priesthood. \ No newline at end of file +Cain murdered his brother and did not live for God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/12.md b/jud/01/12.md index b28c05a016..c3afa5ac25 100644 --- a/jud/01/12.md +++ b/jud/01/12.md @@ -1,41 +1,43 @@ -Jude continues with a series of metaphors +# Connecting Statement: -## These are the ones ## +Jude uses a series of metaphors to describe the ungodly men. He tells the believers how to recognize these men when they are among them. -"These" refers to the ungodly men. +# These are the ones -## who are hidden reefs ## +The word "These" refers to the "ungodly men" of [Jude 1:4](./03.md). -Like under water rocks that can sink ships, these people are a danger to the believers. Alternate Translation: "who are like dangerous rocks hidden under the water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# hidden reefs -## in your love-feasts, when they feast with you ## +Reefs are large rocks that are very close to the surface of water in the sea. Because sailors cannot see them, they are very dangerous. Ships can easily be destroyed if they hit these rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -feasts, when they feast with you** - "in your fellowship meals, when they eat with you". +# autumn trees without fruit -## clouds without water ## +Possible meanings are that these people are like 1) trees from which people expect to harvest fruit, but they have none, or 2) trees that never bear fruit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Like clouds that do not provide water to the gardens, these people do not care for the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# fruit -## autumn trees without fruit ## +This is a metaphor for a life that pleases God and helps other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -As some trees do not produce fruit at the end of summer, so these ungodly people do not have faith and works of righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# twice dead, torn up by the roots -## without fruit, twice dead ## +A tree that someone has uprooted is a metaphor for death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Like trees that have been killed twice such as by frost would not give fruit, so the ungodly men have no values and contain no life within them.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# torn up by the roots -## torn up by the roots ## +Like trees that have been completely pulled out of the ground by their roots, the ungodly people have been separated from God, who is the source of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Like trees that have been completely pulled out of the ground by their roots, the ungodly people have been separated from God who is the source of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# violent waves in the sea -## wild waves of the sea ## +As the sea's waves are blown by a strong wind, so the ungodly people are easily moved in many directions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -As the sea's waves are blown by a strong wind, so the ungodly people had no foundation of faith and were easily moved in many directions.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# foaming out their own shame -## foaming out of their own shame ## +As wind causes wild waves to stir up dirty foam—so these men, through their false teaching and actions, shame themselves. AT: "and just as waves bring up foam and dirt, these men pollute others with their shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -As wind causes wild waves to stir up dirty foam, so these men through their false teaching and actions shame themselves. Alternate translation: "just like waves bring up foam and dirt, these men pollute others with their shame." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# wandering stars -## wandering stars for whom the blackness of darkness has been reserved forever ## +Those who studied the stars in ancient times noticed that what we call planets do not move the way that stars do. AT: "disorderly stars" or "moving stars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Just like stars that move move across the sky making it difficult to follow them, so you should not follow these people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# stars, for whom the blackness of darkness has been reserved forever + +"stars. For them God has set aside a place of complete darkness, where he will keep them forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/14.md b/jud/01/14.md index bb9e9672a1..d35e615411 100644 --- a/jud/01/14.md +++ b/jud/01/14.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -Jude continues to speak out against the ungodly people +# the seventh from Adam -## these people...their works...they have ## +If Adam is counted as the first generation of mankind, Enoch is the seventh. If Adam's son is counted as the first, Enoch is sixth in line. -These refer to the ungodly people. +# Look -## The seventh in line from Adam ## +"Listen" or "Pay attention to this important thing I am going to say" -Seventh generation from Adam. Some translations may say sixth in line depending if Adam is counted as a generation. +# to execute judgment on -## Look, the Lord... ## +"to make judgment on" or "to judge" -"notice, the Lord", or "behold, the Lord" +# grumblers, complainers -## all the hard things ## +People who do not want to obey and speak against godly authority. "Grumblers" tend to speak quietly, while "complainers" speak openly. -"all the harsh words" +# loud boasters -## grumblers, complainers ## +People who praise themselves so that others can hear. -People who have a disobedient heart. Grumblers tend to do this quietly, complainers do this more openly. +# flatter others -## loud boasters ## - -People who praise themselves so that others can hear. \ No newline at end of file +"give false praise to others" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/17.md b/jud/01/17.md index b4f3bd27f8..d69411ea15 100644 --- a/jud/01/17.md +++ b/jud/01/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## they said to you ## +# will follow their own ungodly desires -"The apostles said to you" +These people are spoken of as if their desires were kings who ruled over them. AT: "are never able to stop dishonoring God by doing the evil things they wish to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## go after their...These are they ## +# will follow their own ungodly desires -Jude is referring to the mockers. +Ungodly desires are spoken of as if they were a path that a person will follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they who cause divisions ## +# These people -"mockers who create conflicts between believers" +"These mockers" -## they are sensual ## +# are worldly -"the mockers pursue sexual sin" \ No newline at end of file +think as other ungodly people think, they value the things that unbelievers value (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they do not have the Spirit + +The Holy Spirit is spoken of as if he were something that people can possess. AT: "the Spirit is not within them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/20.md b/jud/01/20.md index 19a4c6a8ec..4510facb4f 100644 --- a/jud/01/20.md +++ b/jud/01/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## As you build yourself up ## +# Connecting Statement: -As you may grow stronger and healthier in body, so you may strengthen and grow your mind and spirit in the knowledge of God +Jude tells the believers how they should live and how they should treat others. -## look for.. ## +# But you, beloved -"eagerly look forward to..." \ No newline at end of file +"Do not be like them, beloved. Instead" + +# build yourselves up + +Becoming increasingly able to trust in God and obey him is spoken of as if it were the process of constructing a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Keep yourselves in God's love + +Remaining able to receive God's love is spoken of as if one were keeping oneself in a certain place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# wait for + +"eagerly look forward to" + +# the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that brings you eternal life + +Here "mercy" stands for Jesus Christ himself, who will show his mercy to the believers by making them live forever with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/22.md b/jud/01/22.md index f5847dae3a..50b2b5d6e7 100644 --- a/jud/01/22.md +++ b/jud/01/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## some people who are in doubt ## +# those who doubt -"some people who do not yet believe that God is God" +"those who do not yet believe that Jesus is God" -## snatching them out of the fire ## +# snatching them out of the fire -"so that they will not go into the lake of fire" +The picture is that of pulling people from a fire before they start to burn. AT: "doing for them whatever needs to be done to keep them from dying without Christ. This is like pulling them from the fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and on some have mercy with fear ## +# To others be merciful with fear -"and be kind to others but be afraid of sinning like them." +"Be kind to others, but be afraid of sinning the way they did" -## as you hate even the garment spotted by the flesh ## +# Hate even the garment stained by the flesh -"hate even their clothes, because they are made unclean by sin." They are so full of sin that their clothes are even considered unclean. \ No newline at end of file +Jude exaggerates to warn his readers that they can become like those sinners. AT: "Treat them as though you could become guilty of sin just by touching their clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/01/24.md b/jud/01/24.md index a8094aaed4..dc773cc69d 100644 --- a/jud/01/24.md +++ b/jud/01/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## to keep you from stumbling ## +# Connecting Statement: -Just as one can trip over a stone when walking, so one can stumble by sinning before God. Alternate translation: "to help to continue trusting him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jude closes with a blessing. -## and to place you before the presence of his glory ## +# to cause you to stand before his glorious presence -His glory is brilliant light that represents his greatness. Alternate translation: "and to allow you to enjoy and worship his glory." +His glory is brilliant light that represents his greatness. AT: "and to allow you to enjoy and worship his glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## without blemish in exceeding joy ## +# glorious presence without blemish and with -"without sin and in great joy." or "and you will not have any sin and you will be full of joy" +Here sin is spoken of as if it were dirt on one's body or a flaw on one's body. AT: "glorious presence, where you will be without sin and have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to the only God our Savior, through Jesus Christ our Lord, ## +# to the only God our Savior through Jesus Christ our Lord -"to the only God, who saved us because of what Jesus Christ did." +"to the only God, who saved us because of what Jesus Christ did." This emphasizes that God the Father as well as the Son is the Savior. -## be glory, majesty, dominion and power, before all time, and now, and for evermore. Amen ## +# be glory, majesty, dominion, and power, before all time, now, and forevermore -God always had, has, and will have glory, absolute leadership and complete control of all things. \ No newline at end of file +God has always had, now has, and always will have glory, absolute leadership, and complete control of all things. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/front/intro.md b/jud/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0acbf3ffa2 --- /dev/null +++ b/jud/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Introduction to Jude # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Jude #### + +1. Introduction (1:1-2). +1. Warning against false teachers (3-4). +1. Old Testament examples (5-16). +1. Proper Response (17-23). +1. Praises to God (24-25). + +#### What is the Book of Jude about? #### + +The purpose of this letter is to warn believers against false teachers. Jude refers to Old Testament accounts to give strength to his arguments. Because of this, the author may have been writing to a Jewish Christian audience. This letter also shares many ideas with 2 Peter, including angels, Sodom and Gomorrah as symbols of evil, and warnings against false teachers. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Jude." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The Letter from Jude" or "The Letter Jude Wrote." Jude is the same name as Judah or Judas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Jude? #### + +The letter was probably written by a brother of James, Jesus' half-brother. It is unknown whether this letter was intended for a specific church. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Who were the people Jude spoke against? #### + +It is possible that the people Jude spoke against were those who would eventually become known as "Gnostics." These people believed that Jesus was completely God but that he was not really a human with a physical body on earth. They believed this because they viewed the physical world as evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### What is apostasy? #### + +Apostasy is the abandonment of the biblical gospel and teaching that occurs when a believer goes against some of the essentials of the Christian faith. Jude instructs his readers to defend these essential doctrines of Scripture. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/01.md b/lam/01/01.md index 0f91854829..ff6050b302 100644 --- a/lam/01/01.md +++ b/lam/01/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] ​and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]. +# General Information: -## She ## +Various poetic forms are used throughout this book. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The writer of Lamentations writes about the city of Jerusalem as if it is a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# is now sitting all alone -## like a widow ## +This speaks of the city of Jerusalem being empty, as if it were a woman who was sitting alone. AT: "is now empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This phrase compares Jerusalem to a woman who is without protection because her husband has died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# She -## She was a princess among the nations ## +The writer of Lamentations writes about the city of Jerusalem as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -AT: "Other nations honored Jerusalem like they would honor the daughter of a king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# like a widow -## forced into slavery ## +This speaks of Jerusalem as being without protection, as if it were a vulnerable widow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -AT: "forced to become a slave" +# She was a princess among the nations -## She weeps and wails ## +This speaks of Jerusalem being honored as if it were a princess. AT: "She was like a princess among the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The author describes Jerusalem as having emotions like a human being. The city also stands for her inhabitants. AT: "Those who live in her weep and wail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# forced into slavery -## weeps and wails ## +"forced to become a slave." This can be stated in active form. AT: "but she is now a slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -These words mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize how sad she is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# She weeps and wails ... and her tears cover her cheeks + +The author describes Jerusalem as having emotions like a human being. The city also stands for her inhabitants. AT: "Those who live in her weep and wail ... and their tears cover their cheeks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# weeps and wails + +The word "wails" refers to the sounds that a person makes when they "weep" loudly. AT: "weeps loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# None of her lovers comfort her. All her friends have betrayed her + +This speaks of the people groups that had been faithful to Jerusalem betraying Jerusalem, as if the people groups were Jerusalem's lovers and friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/03.md b/lam/01/03.md index 7d2de05562..d5f66c182f 100644 --- a/lam/01/03.md +++ b/lam/01/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Judah has gone into captivity ## +# General Information: -AT: "the people of Judah have gone into captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +In these verses, Jerusalem and Judah are spoken of as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## She ## +# After poverty and affliction -She is the kingdom of Judah who is described as a woman. She also stands for the citizens of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"After suffering poverty and affliction" -## find no rest ## +# Judah has gone into exile -"does not find rest" AT: "is always afraid" +Here Judah refers to its inhabitants. AT: "the people of Judah have gone into exile" or "the people of Judah have been taken into a foreign land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## All her pursuers overtook her ## +# She lives ... finds -AT: "Everyone who was chasing her managed to capture her" or "Everyone who was hunting for her found her" +Here the kingdom of Judah is described as a woman. "She" also stands for the citizens of Judah. AT: "Her people live ... they find" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in her desperation ## +# finds no rest -AT: "when she was desperate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +"does not find rest" or "is always afraid" + +# All her pursuers overtook her in her desperation + +This speaks of the people of Judah being captured by their enemies as if they were a woman who was captured by those pursuing her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# All her pursuers overtook her + +"Everyone who was chasing her managed to capture her" or "Everyone who was hunting for her found her" + +# in her desperation + +The word "desperation" can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "when she was desperate" or "when she was distressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/04.md b/lam/01/04.md index e87b54b40b..0b95c83d93 100644 --- a/lam/01/04.md +++ b/lam/01/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## The roads of Zion mourn ## +# General Information: + +The city of Zion is spoken of as if it were a woman. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The roads of Zion mourn The author speaks of the roads that lead to Zion mourning as if they were human beings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the appointed feasts ## +# the appointed feasts -AT: "the feasts that God told them to celebrate" +"the feasts that God told them to celebrate" -## her gates ... Her priests ... ## +# All her gates are desolate -The word "her" refers to Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The word "her" refers to Zion. AT: "All of Zion's gates are empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## is in complete distress ## +# Her virgins are sorrowful and she herself is in complete distress -"is bitter" or "is despairing" +Here the people of Zion being distressed are spoken of as if they were a woman in distress. AT: "Zion's virgins are sorrowful, and its people despairing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Her adversaries have become her master ## +# Her adversaries have become her master; her enemies prosper -AT: "Zion's adversaries rule over her" +"Zion's adversaries rule over it; its enemies prosper" -## her enemies prosper ## +# Yahweh has afflicted her for her many sins -AT: "her enemies become rich" or "her enemies are going great" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people of Zion for their sins as if they were a woman that Yahweh was punishing. AT: "Yahweh has afflicted her people because of the sins they have committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Her little children go into captivity to her adversary + +The word "captivity" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "Her enemy captures her little children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/06.md b/lam/01/06.md index 0c841fa8bf..eccf2e74fc 100644 --- a/lam/01/06.md +++ b/lam/01/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## beauty has left the daughter of Zion ## +# General Information: -AT: "everything that was beautiful about the daughter of Zion is destroyed" +The city of Zion is spoken of as if it were a woman. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## daughter of Zion ## +# Beauty has left the daughter of Zion + +This speaks of everything beautiful in Zion being destroyed as if "beauty" were a person that left Zion. AT: "Everything that was beautiful about the daughter of Zion is destroyed" + +# daughter of Zion This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## like deer that cannot find pasture ## +# Her princes have become like deer that cannot find pasture -The princes are compared with deer that have nothing to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This speaks of Zion's princes having nothing to eat like deer that cannot find grass to eat. AT: "Her princes are starving, they are like deer that cannot find grass to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## deer ## +# deer A deer is a medium-sized, grass-eating animal that is often hunted by humans for food. It is also a beautiful animal to look at. -## without strength before ## +# they go without strength before -AT: "but are not strong enough to run away from" +"they are not strong enough to run away from" or "they are very weak before" -## their pursuer ## +# their pursuer -AT: "the person that is pursuing them" \ No newline at end of file +"the person that is pursuing them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/07.md b/lam/01/07.md index 494006ebb9..25e1a7d85a 100644 --- a/lam/01/07.md +++ b/lam/01/07.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## In the days of her affliction and her homelessness ## +# In the days of her affliction and her homelessness -AT: "during her affliction and her homelessness" or "When Jerusalem is afflicted and homeless" +"During the time of her affliction and her homelessness" -## Jerusalem will call to mind ## +# Jerusalem will call to mind -AT: "Jerusalem will remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "Jerusalem" refers to the people who live there. The phrase "call to mind" is an idiom. AT: "the people of Jerusalem will remember" or "Jerusalem will remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## treasures ## +# precious treasures -"wealth" +This refers to their valuable possessions. -## in former days ## +# in former days -AT: "in the past" or "before this disaster happened" +"in the past." This refers to the time before the people of Jerusalem were captured. AT: "before this disaster happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## When her people fell into the hand of the adversary ## +# When her people fell into the hand of the adversary -Here the word "hand" refers to the army of the enemy. AT: "When the adversary conquered and captured her people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "hand" refers the control of the enemy army. AT: "When the adversary conquered and captured her people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## no one helped her ## - -"there was no helper for her" - -## saw her and laughed at her destruction ## +# saw her and laughed at her destruction This means that they were glad and mocked Jerusalem when it was destroyed. -## at her destruction ## +# at her destruction -AT: "because she was destroyed" or "while they destroyed her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +This word "destruction" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "because she was destroyed" or "while they destroyed her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/08.md b/lam/01/08.md index f219416818..4803cade96 100644 --- a/lam/01/08.md +++ b/lam/01/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ -## Jerusalem sinned greatly ## +# General Information: -This describes Jerusalem as a person who sinned, while it also stands for the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The city of Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were a woman. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## she has become like a menstrual rag ## +# Jerusalem sinned greatly, therefore, she has become scorned as something that is filthy -According to Old Testament law, a woman was ritually unclean during her monthly bleeding. "Jerusalem's sins have made her completely unclean and unacceptable before God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This speaks of Jerusalem being scorned in the same way that a woman is scorned when she is unclean. According to the Law of Moses, a woman was considered unclean during her monthly bleeding. AT: "Jerusalem's sins have made her filthy and unclean, and therefore she was unacceptable before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## her nakedness ## +# Jerusalem sinned greatly -Jerusalem is described as a woman whose private parts have been shown to everyone to shame her. AT: "her naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This describes Jerusalem as a woman who sinned, while it also stands for the inhabitants of Jerusalem. AT: "The people of Jerusalem sinned greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## She has become unclean beneath her skirts ## +# has become scorned -This is a reference to a woman's monthly bleeding that would make her unclean. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "has become an object of scorn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## She has gone down shockingly ## +# her nakedness -AT: "Her downfall was astonishing" or "she was destroyed by surprise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"her naked." Jerusalem is described as a woman whose private parts have been exposed to everyone to shame her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Look at my affliction, Yahweh ## +# She has become unclean beneath her skirts + +According to the Law of Moses, a woman was considered unclean during her monthly bleeding. This speaks of Jerusalem being unclean, as if it were a menstruating woman. AT: "Jerusalem has become unclean, as when a woman is unclean beneath her skirts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# unclean + +A person who God considers to be spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Her fall was terrible + +The phrase "her fall" is an idiom. AT: "Her downfall was astonishing" or "Those who saw her destruction were surprised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Look at my affliction, Yahweh Possible meanings are that 1) the author of Lamentations now talks directly to Yahweh or 2) Jerusalem is described as talking to Yahweh like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Look at ## +# Look at -AT: "Pay attention to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Pay attention to" + +# the enemy has become too great + +This means that they enemy army has become too large and powerful and has defeated Jerusalem. AT: "the enemy army has defeated me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/10.md b/lam/01/10.md index 70e44aeeef..e9c49a350b 100644 --- a/lam/01/10.md +++ b/lam/01/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## has put his hand on ## +# has put his hand on -AT: "has taken possession of" or "has stolen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "has taken possession of" or "has stolen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## treasures ## +# precious treasures -"wealth" +This refers to their valuable possessions. -## she has seen ## +# She has seen -The word "she" refers to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The word "She" refers to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## you had commanded ## +# the nations -The word "you" refers to Yahweh. This means the author or the city is still speaking, after starting in [Lamentations 1:8](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to people from various nations, not the entire population of those nations. AT: "people from the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you had commanded + +The word "you" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/11.md b/lam/01/11.md index 47a7e4f7f4..5a983d4ef2 100644 --- a/lam/01/11.md +++ b/lam/01/11.md @@ -1,35 +1,43 @@ -## her people ## +# her people -The word "her" refers to Jerusalem who is described as if she were a woman. AT: "her inhabitants" or "the people of the city" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The word "her" refers to Jerusalem which is described as if it were a woman. AT: "her inhabitants" or "the people of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## treasures ## +# bread -"wealth" +This refers to food in general. AT: "food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## to restore their life ## +# They have given their precious treasures for food -AT: "to save their life" or "to restore their stength" +This means they traded their wealth and their valuables in exchange for food. AT: "They have traded their precious treasures in exchange for food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Look, Yahweh, and consider me ## +# precious treasures -Here Jerusalem begins to speak directly to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This refers to their valuable possessions. -## Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? ## +# to restore their lives -This is an accusation of the people who walk past Jerusalem and do not care for it. It has the form of a rhetorical question to sharply rebuke them. AT: "All you who pass by should care more for my affliction!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"to save their lives" or "to restore their strength" -## Is it nothing to you ## +# Look, Yahweh, and consider me -Here Jerusalem continues to speak, but now to people who pass by. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here Jerusalem speaks directly to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Look and see ## +# Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? -These words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This rhetorical question is an accusation aganist the people who walk past Jerusalem and do not care about its well-being. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "All you who pass by should care more for my affliction!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the sorrow that is being inflicted on me ## +# Is it nothing to you -AT: "the sorrow that Yahweh is inflicting upon me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here Jerusalem continues to speak, but now to people who pass by instead of to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## on the day of his fierce anger ## +# Look and see -AT: "when he was fiercely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +These words share similar meanings. Together they invite the reader to understand by seeing that no one has suffered so much. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the sorrow that is being inflicted on me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sorrow that Yahweh is inflicting upon me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on the day of his fierce anger + +Here the word "day" is used as an idiom. AT: "when he was fiercely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/13.md b/lam/01/13.md index 69d509adb6..5ed57d79fe 100644 --- a/lam/01/13.md +++ b/lam/01/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## he has sent fire into my bones ## +# General Information: -In this passage "he" refers to God and "my" to Jerusalem, who still speaks to other people as if it is a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## has sent fire into my bones, and it has conquered them ## +# on high -AT: "has sent a painful punishment into my inner being, and it has destroyed me" or "has sent a destructive punishment into the middle of Jerusalem, and it has destroyed the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## given me over into their hands ## +# he has sent fire into my bones, and it has conquered them -AT: "let my enemies defeat me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of Yahweh punishing Jerusalem as if Jerusalem were a person that Yahweh were punishing with fire. AT: "he has sent a painful punishment into my inner being, and it has destroyed me" or "he has sent a destructive punishment into the middle of Jerusalem, and it has destroyed the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# has sent fire into my bones + +Here "fire" represents pain and "bones" represents one's inner being. AT: "has sent pain into my bones" or "has sent pain into my inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He has spread a net for my feet + +This speaks of Yahweh punishing Jerusalem as if Jerusalem were a person that Yahweh had set a trap for. This refers to a type of trap usually used to catch an animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# turned me back + +This is an idiom. AT: "prevented my from walking any further" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The yoke of my transgressions ... They are knit together and placed upon my neck + +This speaks of the people of Jerusalem's sins as if they were a yoke bearing a heavy burden that Yahweh had placed on their necks. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "My transgressions are like a yoke that he has bound together with his hands and placed upon my neck" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# given me over into their hands + +"given me over into the hands of my enemies." Here their enemies' control is represented by their "hands." AT: "given my over to the control of my enemies" or "let my enemies defeat me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am not able to stand + +This is an idiom. AT: "I cannot resist them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/15.md b/lam/01/15.md index 80fff899c3..efc2babf88 100644 --- a/lam/01/15.md +++ b/lam/01/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## my mighty men who defended me ## +# General Information: -In this section Jerusalem is still described as a woman talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## vigorous men ## +# mighty men -men at the strongest time of their lives +"strongest soldiers" -## The Lord has trampled ... in a winepress ## +# an assembly -Here the judgement of God is described as if Jerusalem was a bunch of grapes that God squashed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the enemy army attacking Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were a meeting of people who have come together in order to accuse and condemn someone. AT: "a great army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the virgin daughter of Judah ## +# to crush my vigorous men + +This speaks of the enemy army defeating the soldiers of Jerusalem as if they crushed them. AT: "to defeat my vigorous men" + +# vigorous men + +This refers to men at the strongest time of their lives. + +# The Lord has trampled ... in the winepress + +Here the judgment of God is described as if Jerusalem were grapes on which he had trampled in order to squeeze out the juice. AT: "It is as though the Lord has trampled upon the virgin daughter of Judah in a winepress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the virgin daughter of Judah This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. The word "virgin" suggests that this woman is pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/16.md b/lam/01/16.md index e3102983dc..6e83485a7c 100644 --- a/lam/01/16.md +++ b/lam/01/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## I weep ## +# General Information: -This is still Jerusalem speaking as if it were a woman, now having the emotion of sadness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Zion has spread her arms wide ## +# for a comforter is far from me, one who restores my life -Zion is like a person that lifts up her arms to ask for help. Here Jerusalem no longer speaks herself, but the author describes Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This speaks of Jerusalem having no one to comfort her as if she did have a comforter, but that he was far away. The word "comforter" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "for there is no one to comfort me and restore my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## those around Jacob ## +# restores my life -AT: "the people around Jacob" or "the nations surrounding Jacob" +"revives me" -## should be his adversaries ## +# Zion has spread her hands wide -Here the word "his" refers to Jacob. \ No newline at end of file +Here Jerusalem no longer speaks about herself; instead the author describes Jerusalem. He speaks of Zion as if it were a woman that lifts up her hands to ask for help. AT: "Zion has reached out for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# those around Jacob + +"the people around Jacob" or "the nations surrounding Jacob" + +# around Jacob should be his adversaries + +Here "Jacob" refers to his descendants, that is Israel. AT: "around Jacob's descendants should be their adversaries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# unclean + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/18.md b/lam/01/18.md index abf13979f4..9c3dc9ebc3 100644 --- a/lam/01/18.md +++ b/lam/01/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## I have rebelled ## +# General Information: -Here Jerusalem begins to speak again, as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## see my sorrow ## +# Yahweh is righteous -AT: "see how extremely sad I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +This implies that what Yahweh has done, he has done because he is righteous. AT: "Yahweh has acted out of his righteousness" or "What Yahweh has done is right" -## My virgins and my vigorous men ## +# see my sorrow -AT: "so many of my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "sorrow" can be expressed as a "sad." AT: "see how extremely sad I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## vigorous men ## +# My virgins and my vigorous men have gone into captivity -See how you translated this in [Lamentations 1:15](./15.md). +Here all of the people of Jerusalem who were taken into captivity are represented by the "virgins" and the "vigorous men" who were taken. AT: "Many of my people, including my virgins and vigorous men, have gone into captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## they were treacherous towards me ## +# vigorous men -AT: "they betrayed me" +This refers to men at the strongest time of their lives. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 1:15](./15.md). -## to restore their lives ## +# I called for my friends -AT: “to save their lives” or “to restore their strength” \ No newline at end of file +"I called for my friends to help me" or "I called for my allies to help me" + +# they were treacherous toward me + +This means that they betrayed him. AT: "they betrayed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to restore their lives + +"to save their lives" or "to restore their strength" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/20.md b/lam/01/20.md index 5365922947..a979e10838 100644 --- a/lam/01/20.md +++ b/lam/01/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## for I am in distress ## +# General Information: + +In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Look, Yahweh, for I am in distress Jerusalem continues to talk about herself as if she were a woman, but now talks directly to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## my innermost parts churn about ## +# my stomach churns -The word "churn" means to move around violently, normally in a circular rotation. This does not mean literally, but it is how it feels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "churn" means to move around violently, normally in a circular rotation. This does not mean the stomach is literally churning, but describes how the woman, representing Jerusalem, feels. AT: "my insides ache" or "my stomach hurts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## My heart is turned within me ## +# my heart is disturbed within me -AT: "My heart is broken" or "I am extremely sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the woman, representing Jerusalem, refers to her "heart" to emphasize her feelings. AT: "my heart is broken" or "I am extremely sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## I have grievously rebelled ## +# the sword bereaves a mother -"I have rebelled greatly" +The "sword" represents the enemy. AT: "the enemy kills a mother's children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the sword takes our children ## +# inside the house there is only death -The sword stands for the enemy, and "takes" means "kills". AT: "the enemy kills our children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## at home it is like the world of the dead ## - -Possible meanings are 1) at home everyone is dying or 2) at home is like a grave. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "inside the house, everyone is dying" or 2) "and inside the house the dead people are kept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/21.md b/lam/01/21.md index 299df4176c..dbf00a4854 100644 --- a/lam/01/21.md +++ b/lam/01/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Hear me groan ## +# General Information: -Jerusalem continues to speak like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## my adversity ## +# They have heard my groaning -"my misery" or "my injury" or "my disaster" +"People have heard my groaning." Jerusalem continues to speak as if she were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## you have done it ## +# you have done it Here the word "you" refers to Yahweh. -## Bring the day that ## +# You have brought the day you promised -AT: "Today, do what" or "Bring about soon what" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "the day" is an idiom that refers to a specific event happening. AT: "You have done what you have promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# now let them become like me + +This is a request for Jerusalem's enemies to suffer as the people of Jerusalem have. AT: "now let them suffer like me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let all their wickedness come before you + +This is a request for Yahweh to judge Jerusalem's enemies for their wickedness. The phrase "come before you" is an idiom. AT: "Pay attention to all of the wickedness they have committed" or "Judge them for all of their wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# deal with them as you have dealt with me + +This is a request for Yahweh to punish Jerusalem's enemies as he punished the people of Jerusalem. AT: "punish them as you have punished me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my heart is faint + +Here the "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I am faint" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/01/intro.md b/lam/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0324188c18 --- /dev/null +++ b/lam/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Lamentations 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Judah destroyed for her sin ##### + +Judah used to be great, but is now a slave. The temple is stripped of all its valuables. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Lamentations 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Lamentations intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/01.md b/lam/02/01.md index c041c15283..f48a2fa739 100644 --- a/lam/02/01.md +++ b/lam/02/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ -A new poem begins. The writer of Lamentations uses many different ways to express that the people of Israel have lost God's favor. (See: en:ta:workbench:translate:poetry and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] ​and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# General Information: -## dark cloud ## +A new poem begins. The writer of Lamentations uses many different ways to express that the people of Israel have lost God's favor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Possible meanings are 1) God is threatening to harm the people of Jerusalem or 2) God has already harmed the people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +# The Lord has covered the daughter of Zion under the cloud of his anger -## daughter of Zion...daughter of Judah ## +This speaks of the Lord's anger against Jerusalem (Zion) as if it were a dark cloud. Possible meanings are 1) God is threatening to harm the people of Jerusalem or 2) God has already harmed the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -These are poetic names for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# the daughter of Zion ... the daughter of Judah -## He has cast down the beauty of Israel from heaven to the earth ## +These are poetic names for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. Translate "the daughter of Zion" as you did in [Lamentations 1:6](../01/06.md).(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -"Jerusalem has lost all favor with the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +# He has thrown the splendor of Israel down from heaven to earth -## ignored his footstool ## +The phrase "the splendor of Israel" refers to Jerusalem. This passage speaks of the people of Jerusalem losing favor with the Lord as if he threw them out of his presence. The phrase "from heaven to earth" is a great distance used to represent how much they lost favor with the Lord. AT: "Jerusalem, the splendor of Israel, has lost all favor with the Lord" or "Jerusalem has lost all favor with the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Possible meanings are 1) "not considered his covenant" or 2) "has removed his presence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# He has not remembered his footstool -## day of his anger ## +This is a reference to the Lord having considered Jerusalem his "footstool" in the past, which symbolized that he had authority over them and that they were submissive to him. This speaks of the Lord disregarding Jerusalem as his footstool as if he did not remember them. AT: "He disregarded Jerusalem as his footstool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -a general period of time, not one 24-hour day AT: "at the time when he displayed his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# not remembered -## swallowed up ## +This speaks of the Lord not paying attention to Jerusalem as if he did not remember them. AT: "disregarded" or "paid no attention to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"completely destroyed" like an animal leaves nothing when he swallows food (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# on the day of his anger ... the days of his anger -## the fortified cities of the daughter of Judah ## +Here "day" is used as an idiom that refers to a general period of time. AT: "at the time when he displays his anger ... the time of his anger" or "at the time he acts in his anger ... the time of his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -Possible meanings are 1) the fortified cities throughout Judah, or 2) the fortified walls of Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +# swallowed up + +This speaks of the Lord completely destroying the towns as if he were an animal who ate them. AT: "completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the towns of Jacob + +Here "the towns of Jacob" refers to the towns where his descendants lived. AT: "all the towns of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the fortified cities of the daughter of Judah + +Possible meanings are 1) the fortified cities throughout Judah or 2) the fortified walls of Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/03.md b/lam/02/03.md index c88828f96a..cf840423d2 100644 --- a/lam/02/03.md +++ b/lam/02/03.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -The writer continues the use of metaphors to express God's opposition to Judah. +# General Information: -## he has cut off all the strength of Israel ## +The author continues the use of metaphors to express how the Lord opposed Judah. -Some versions read, "He has cut off the horn of Israel," but "horn" (that is, an animal horn) stands for "strength." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# he has cut off every horn of Israel -## drawn back his right hand ## +This speaks of the Lord taking away Israel's strength as if he were cutting off its horns. The word "horn" refers to an animal horn, not a musical instrument. AT: "he has taken away all of Israel's strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"stopped protecting us from our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# withdrawn his right hand from before the enemy -## He has strung his bow at us ## +Here the Lord's protection is represented by his "right hand." AT: "stopped protecting us from our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Some versions read, "He has bent his bow." A soldier had to put the string on his bow before he could shoot it. AT: "He has made his bow ready to shoot us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# He has burned up Jacob like a blazing fire that devours everything around it -## tent of the daughter of Zion ## +This speaks of how the Lord has destroyed Jacob as if a fire has completely burned it. AT: "He has destroyed Jacob like a blazing fire destroys everything" -AT: "the people's homes in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Jacob -## daughter of Zion ## +Here "Jacob" refers to the places where his descendants lived. AT: "Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -These is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: Personification) +# Like an enemy he has bent his bow toward us, with his right is ready to shoot -## poured out his wrath like fire ## +A soldier has to bend his bow in order to shoot an arrow from it. This speaks of the Lord preparing to attack Israel as if he were an enemy about to shoot them with a bow and arrow. AT: "He has prepared to kill us, like an enemy who has made his bow ready to shoot us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -"shown how angry he is by destroying everything like a person setting fires would" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# in the tent of the daughter of Zion + +The "daughter of Zion" is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. The phrase "tent of the daughter of Zion" speaks of Jerusalem as a "tent" emphasizing that it is the home of those who live there. AT: "who live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he has poured out his wrath like fire + +This speaks of the Lord's wrath as if it were a liquid that he were pouring out on the people. His wrath is also compared to a "fire" to emphasize how destructive it is. AT: "in his anger he has destroyed everything like a blazing fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/05.md b/lam/02/05.md index d65c286a3c..f6463f1e47 100644 --- a/lam/02/05.md +++ b/lam/02/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## swallowed up ## +# swallowed up -See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:1](./01.md). +This speaks of the Lord completely destroying Israel as if he were animal who ate them. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:2](./01.md). AT: "completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He has increased mourning and lamentation ## +# her palaces ... her strongholds -AT: "He has caused more and more people to mourn and lament" +Israel is spoken of as if it were female. -## daughter of Judah ## +# He has increased mourning and lamentation within the daughter of Judah -This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The words "mourning" and "lamentation" can be expressed as verbs. AT: "He has caused more and more people within the daughter of Judah to mourn and lament" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## a garden hut ## +# daughter of Judah + +This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. AT: "Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# He has attacked his tabernacle like a garden hut + +This speaks of the tabernacle being easily destroyed, as if it were a garden hut. The Lord caused Israel's enemies to destroy it. He did not destroy it himself. AT: "He has caused their enemies to attack his tabernacle as easily as if it were a garden hut" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a garden hut a very small building for holding farming tools or for sheltering someone who is guarding a garden -## caused both solemn assembly and Sabbath to be forgotten in Zion ## +# He has destroyed the place of the solemn assembly -AT: "caused the people in Zion to forget both solemn assembly and Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The Lord caused Israel's enemies to destroy it. He did not destroy it himself. AT: "He has caused the place of the solemn assembly to be destroyed" or "He has caused their enemies to destroy the place of the solemn assembly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# caused both solemn assembly and Sabbath to be forgotten in Zion + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "caused the people in Zion to forget both solemn assembly and Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the indignation of his anger + +"because he was extremely angry with them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/07.md b/lam/02/07.md index 19d0c20780..5f0923ef5f 100644 --- a/lam/02/07.md +++ b/lam/02/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## He has given over...into the hand of the enemy ## +# He has given over the walls of her palaces into the hand of the enemy -AT: "He has turned over...to the enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the enemy's "hand" refers to the enemy's control. AT: "He has allowed the enemy to capture the walls of her palaces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the walls of her citadels ## +# the walls of her palaces -Here the word "her" may refer either to Jerusalem or to the temple. Possible translations are 1) "the walls of Jerusalem's palaces" or 2) "the walls of the temple." +Here the word "her" may refer either to the temple or to Jersualem. Possible translations are 1) "the walls of the temple" or 2) "the walls of Jerusalem's palaces." The word "walls" is a synecdoche for the whole building, and the building is a synecdoche for all of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## They have made a sound of victory in the house of Yahweh, as on the day of a solemn assembly. ## +# They have raised a shout in the house of Yahweh, as on the day of an appointed feast -This is an ironic comparison between the happy, noisy festivals of Israel and the loud shouts of victory of the Babylonians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an ironic comparison between the happy, noisy festivals of Israel and the loud shouts of victory of the Babylonians. AT: "They have raised a shout in the house of Yahweh, as the Israelites would during an appointed feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# have raised a shout + +This is an idiom. AT: "have shouted victoriously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/08.md b/lam/02/08.md index 93cec5ba40..5a8d59ac70 100644 --- a/lam/02/08.md +++ b/lam/02/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## daughter of Zion ## +# Yahweh decided to destroy the city wall + +Yahweh chose to have the wall destroyed and caused Jerusalem's enemy to destroy it. He did not destroy it himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# daughter of Zion This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## He has stretched out the measuring line ## +# He has stretched out the measuring line -AT: "He has measured the length of the wall" so he knows exactly how much to destroy (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of preparing to destroy the wall as if he measured it before he destroyed it, so that he knew how much to destroy. AT: "It is as though he has measured the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## has not withheld his hand from destroying ## +# has not withheld his hand from destroying -AT: "He has destroyed using all his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This can be stated without the double negatives. Also, here the Lord is referred to by his "hand." AT: "with his hand he has destroyed the wall" or "he has destroyed the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## withheld his hand ## +# He has made the ramparts and wall to lament; together they wasted away -"kept his hand to himself" +The walls and ramparts are spoken of as if they were people who lamented and died. AT: "Because he has destroyed the ramparts and walls, they are like people who lament and have lost their strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## he has made the ramparts lament and the walls become feeble ## +# ramparts -"because he has destroyed the ramparts and walls, they look like people who lament and have lost their strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) - -## ramparts ## - -Ancient cities had a main “wall” to keep attackers out, and an outer line of “ramparts” to keep attackers from the wall. \ No newline at end of file +Ancient cities had a main "wall" to keep attackers out, and an outer line of "ramparts" to keep attackers from the wall. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/10.md b/lam/02/10.md index adc5fce07f..f5a55523a3 100644 --- a/lam/02/10.md +++ b/lam/02/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## daughter of Zion ## +# daughter of Zion -This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] +This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## sit on the ground ## +# sit on the ground in silence -to show they were mourning (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Often people would sit on the ground to show they were mourning. AT: "sit on the ground, mourning in silence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# They have thrown dust on their heads and put on sackcloth + +These are actions of mourning. AT: "To show their mourning, they have thrown dust on their heads and put on sackcloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# have bowed their heads to the ground + +This is an action of mourning. AT: "have sorrowfully bowed their heads to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/11.md b/lam/02/11.md index a8dd099781..cdb508fd42 100644 --- a/lam/02/11.md +++ b/lam/02/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -The writer shifts from describing Jerusalem to describing his own experience. +# General Information: -## My tears have ended; my eyes are red ## +The author shifts from describing Jerusalem to describing his own experience. -AT: "I have cried until I cannot cry anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# My eyes have failed from their tears -## My liver has been poured out to the ground ## +This is an idiom. AT: "I have cried until I cannot cry anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "My entire inner being is in grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# my stomach churns -## because of the crushing of the daughter of my people ## +The word "churn" means to move around violently, normally in a circular rotation. This does not mean the stomach is literally churning, but describes how the author feels. AT: "my insides ache" or "my stomach hurts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"The daughter of my people" is a poetic name of Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. AT: "because my people have been crushed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# my inner parts are poured out to the ground -## Where is grain and wine? ## +The author speaks of feeling grief in his inner being as if his inner body parts had fallen out of his body onto the ground. AT: "my entire inner being is in grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The phrase "grain and wine" is a common way of saying "food and drink." AT: "Give us something to eat and drink." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the daughter of my people + +This is a poetic name of Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. AT: "my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Where is grain and wine? + +This rhetorical question is used as a request for something to eat. The children are telling their mother that they are hungry. The phrase "grain and wine" represents food and drink. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "Give us something to eat and drink." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# as they faint like a wounded man + +This speaks of the children fainting from hunger and thirst in the same way that a wounded man faints. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# their lives are poured out on the bosom of their mothers + +This speaks of the children dying as if their lives were a liquid that was being poured out. AT: "they slowly die in the arms of their mothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/13.md b/lam/02/13.md index 1dd6197aed..dd741e5046 100644 --- a/lam/02/13.md +++ b/lam/02/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -The writer begins to address Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## What can I say ...? ## +The author begins to address Jerusalem. -AT: "There is nothing that I can say ...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# What can I say ... Jerusalem? -## daughter of Jerusalem ## +The author uses this rhetorical question to express that he does not know what to say to help Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "There is nothing that I can say ... Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# daughter of Jerusalem ... virgin daughter of Zion -## What will I compare to you ...? ## +These are poetic names for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. "Zion" is another name for Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -AT: "There is nothing to which I can compare you ...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# To what can I compare to you ... Zion? -## Who can heal you? ## +The author uses this rhetorical question to express that he does not know how to give comfort to Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "There is nothing to which I can compare you ... Zion." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "No one can heal you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Your wound is as great as the sea + +This speaks of Jerusalem's great suffering as if it were as terrible as the sea is great. AT: "Your suffering is as terrible as the sea is large" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Who can heal you? + +"Who can restore you?" The author uses this rhetorical question to express that there is no one who can restore Jerusalem to the way it was before. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can heal you." or "No one can restore you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# They have not exposed your iniquity to restore your fortunes + +"They did not tell you about your sins to restore your fortunes." The word "fortune" refers to a person's wealth and prosperity. + +# for you they gave utterances + +The word "utterances" can be expressed with the verb "spoke." AT: "they spoke things to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/15.md b/lam/02/15.md index 15449e73d6..f43a6968f6 100644 --- a/lam/02/15.md +++ b/lam/02/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## clap their hands ... they hiss and shake their heads ## +# clap their hands ... hiss and shake their heads -ways in which people make fun of others and insult them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These actions are used to mock and insult others. AT: "mock you by clapping their hands ... hiss and shake their heads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## the daughter of Jerusalem ## +# the daughter of Jerusalem -This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## "Is this the city that they called 'The Perfection of Beauty,' 'The Joy for All of Earth?'" ## +# Is this the city that they called 'The Perfection of Beauty,' 'The Joy for All of Earth'? -This question is used to express sarcasm. AT: "This city that they called 'The Perfection of Beauty,' 'The Joy for All of Earth' isn't so beautiful or joyful any more!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question is used to express sarcasm. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "This city that they called 'The Perfection of Beauty,' 'The Joy for All of Earth,' is not so beautiful or joyful anymore!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## "We have swallowed her" ## +# The Perfection of Beauty -AT: "We have completely destroyed Jerusalem" like an animal swallows its food (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Perfectly Beautiful" + +# grind their teeth + +This action shows a person's anger and that they are mocking others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# We have swallowed her up + +Here the people speak of destroying Jerusalem as if they were an animal swallowing its food. AT: "We have completely destroyed Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We have lived to see it + +This is an idiom. AT: "We have greatly desired to see it happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/17.md b/lam/02/17.md index 686639ed3b..96f02aee89 100644 --- a/lam/02/17.md +++ b/lam/02/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## he has lifted up the strength of your enemies ## +# He has overthrown -Some versions read, "the horn of your enemies, but "horn" (that is, an animal horn) often stands for strength. AT: "he has increased the strength of your enemies" \ No newline at end of file +"He has destroyed" + +# to rejoice over you + +This means that the enemy rejoiced because they defeated them. AT: "to rejoice over defeating you" + +# he has lifted up the horn of your enemies + +Here "horn" (that is, an animal horn) represents strength. AT: "he has increased the power of your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/18.md b/lam/02/18.md index 13b53b21f0..b1732880c3 100644 --- a/lam/02/18.md +++ b/lam/02/18.md @@ -1,39 +1,43 @@ -## Their heart shouts ## +# Their heart cried out to the Lord -Possible meanings are 1) "The people of Jerusalem shout from their innermost being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) or 2) the speaker wants the walls to shout to Yahweh (see UDB). +Here the word "heart" represents the whole person emphasizing one's innermost being. Possible meanings of who cried out are 1) the people of Jerusalem. AT: "The people of Jerusalem shouted to the Lord from their innermost being" or 2) the walls are being personified. AT: "You walls, cry out to the Lord from your innermost being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Walls of the daughter of Zion ... of every street ## +# walls of the daughter of Zion! Make your tears flow ... of every street -The writer speaks to the walls of Jerusalem. He wants the people of Jerusalem to do what he is telling the walls to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +The writer speaks to the walls of Jerusalem. He wants the people of Jerusalem to do what he is telling the walls to do. Some translations take this whole section to be spoken to the "walls," though this can be written with the first phrase "walls of the daughter of Zion!" spoken to the "walls," and the rest of the section spoken directly to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## the daughter of Zion ## +# the daughter of Zion This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## let tears flow down like a river ## +# Make your tears flow down like a river -"cry many tears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This speaks of the people crying so much that their tears would flow like a river. AT: "Cry many, many tears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## day and night ## +# day and night -"all of the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +These two opposite times of day refer to all the time. AT: "all of the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## Give yourself no reprieve ## +# Give yourself no relief, your eyes no relief -"Do not allow yourself to rest" +"Do not allow yourself and your eyes to rest from crying" -## the outflow of your eyes ## +# at the beginning of the night watches -tears +"many times during the night." This refers to every time a watchman came on duty. -## from the beginning of the watches ## +# Pour out your heart like water before the face of the Lord -"many times during the night," that is, every time a watchman comes on duty +The phrase "pour out your heart like water" is an idiom. Here the Lord is represented by his "face" to emphasize his presence. AT: "Tell the Lord how you feel in your inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Lift up your hands ## +# Lift up your hands to him -This was an action often performed while praying. +This was an action often performed while praying. AT: "Lift up your hands to him in prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## at the head of every street ## +# for the lives of your children -AT: "where the streets come together" or "by the roads" \ No newline at end of file +This means for them to request that the Lord save their children. AT: "to save the lives of your children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# at the corner of every street + +The word "every" here is an exaggeration for "many." AT: "where the streets come together" or "by the roads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/20.md b/lam/02/20.md index a274ab4cc4..c67592dca7 100644 --- a/lam/02/20.md +++ b/lam/02/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Should the women eat their own fruit...? ## +# Should women eat the fruit of their wombs ... for? -"children who are still young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that it is not right for women to eat their children. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Woman should not eat their own children ... for!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the fruit of their wombs + +This speaks of children having come from their mother as if they were fruit that came from her womb. AT: "their children that they have given birth to" or "their own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Should priest and prophet be slaughtered in the sanctuary of the Lord? + +This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that the prophets and priests should not be killed. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "The prophets and priests should not be slaughtered in the sanctuary of the Lord!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Should priest and prophet be slaughtered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Should our enemies slaughter priests and prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/21.md b/lam/02/21.md index 6e7debd5d5..1bc65b0cf1 100644 --- a/lam/02/21.md +++ b/lam/02/21.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## virgins ... vigorous men ## +# Both the young and the old lie on the dust -the weakest and strongest of adults (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +It is implied here that this refers to dead people. AT: "The corpses of both the young and the old lie on the dust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## vigorous men ## +# Both the young and the old -See how you translated this in [Lamentations 1:15](../01/15.md). +These phrases refer to people. These two opposites are used to refer to all ages of people. AT: "Both young people and old people" or "People of all ages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## my terrors ## +# My young women and my young men have fallen by the sword -AT: "the attackers I was afraid of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the "sword" refers to their enemies. This is a euphemism that means that they were murdered by their enemies. AT: "My young women and my young men have been murdered by their enemies" or "My enemies have murdered my young women and my young men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## ruthlessly ## +# you have slaughtered them -"without caring how much they suffered" +This speaks of Yahweh allowing the poeple to be slaughtered as if he killed them himself. AT: "you allowed them to be slaughtered" or "you allowed this to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## as in the day of the solemn assembly ## +# as you would call the people to a feast day -"as if they were coming to a feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"as if they were coming to a feast." This speaks of how Yahweh summoned his enemies as if he were inviting them to a feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## brought to an end ## +# my terrors -AT: "killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the people the author fears are referred to as his "terrors." AT: "the attackers I was afraid of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on every side + +This is an idiom. AT: "to attack from every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# on the day of the anger of Yahweh + +Here "day" is used as an idiom that refers to a general period of time. AT: "at the time when Yahweh acted in his anger" or "during the time that Yahweh displayed his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/02/intro.md b/lam/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6c082d5be7 --- /dev/null +++ b/lam/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Lamentations 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +God has become Judah's enemy. He is determined to destroy them. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Lamentations 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/01.md b/lam/03/01.md index 122761a3cc..7cb040a2e8 100644 --- a/lam/03/01.md +++ b/lam/03/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -A new poem begins. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# Connecting Statement: -## under the rod of Yahweh's fury ## +A new poem begins. Here the author speaks of the sufferings that his people experienced. He speaks about them as if God had personally attacked only him. However, the writer intends to speak for everyone in the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -The rod is a stick that people used to beat and punish someone. AT: "Because Yahweh is angrily beating me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# who has seen misery -## walk in darkness rather than light ## +Here "has seen" represents has experienced. AT: "who has experienced misery" or "who has suffered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This means to live in confusion and gloom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# under the rod of Yahweh's fury -## he has turned against me; he turns his hand against me ## +Being "under the rod" represents being beaten with a rod. The author speaks of God's punishment as if God had beaten him with a rod. AT: "because Yahweh was very angry and has beaten me with a rod" or "because Yahweh was very angry and has punished me severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "he has become my enemy; he uses his power to punish me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# He drove me away + +"He forced me to go away" + +# caused me to walk in darkness rather than light + +Here "darkness" represents suffering. AT: "caused me to suffer terribly with no hope, like a person walking in darkness rather than light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he turned his hand against me + +Here "turned his hand against me" represents attacking him. The author speaks of God causing bad things to happen to him as if God had attacked him. AT: "he has attacked me" or "he has caused many bad things to happen to me, like someone who attacks a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He made my flesh and my skin waste away; he broke my bones + +Possible meanings are 1) these things are a result of being beaten or 2) these are more ways that God punished the man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/05.md b/lam/03/05.md index e0173e76d2..bfd376ce52 100644 --- a/lam/03/05.md +++ b/lam/03/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## he has built up siege works against me ## +# He built up siege works against me -Siege works are ramps of dirt that enable the attacking army to cross over the city walls and invade the city. AT: "He has surrounded me as if I were a city under attack." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Siege works are ramps that an army builds around a city to enable them to climb over the city walls and invade the city. -## surrounded me with bitterness and hardship ## +# He built up siege works against me -AT: "surrounded me with things that are painful and hard to bear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the author speaks of God causing bad things to happen to him as if he were a city and God was an enemy that built up siege works against him. AT: "God attacked me like an enemy army that sets up siege works around a city" or 2) the author speaks of God causing the enemy army to attack Jerusalem as if God were the enemy. AT: "God caused the enemy army to build up siege works against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he shuts out my prayers ## +# surrounded me with bitterness and hardship -AT: "he refuses to hear my prayers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This represents God causing him to experience much bitterness and hardship. AT: "caused me to experience much bitterness and hardship" or "caused me to suffer and have many problems" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bitterness + +Here "bitterness" represents suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He made me live in dark places, like those who died long ago + +Here "dark places" is a metaphor for suffering. The author compares the intensity of his suffering to the intensity of the darkness that those who died long ago experience. AT: "The suffering that he causes me is intense like the darkness of the grave" or "He makes me suffer terribly, as if I were in the darkness of those who died long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# He built a wall around me and I cannot escape. He made my chains heavy + +This represents the continuing suffering. Like a person who cannot escape from prison, the author cannot make his suffering stop. AT: "My suffering continues. It is as though he has built a wall around me and put heavy chains on me, and I cannot escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he shut out my prayer + +The author speaks about God refusing to listen to his prayers as though God was shutting his ears so that the author's prayers could not go into them. AT: "he refuses to hear my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/09.md b/lam/03/09.md index d07374f80c..875c791c4f 100644 --- a/lam/03/09.md +++ b/lam/03/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## blocked my path ## +# He blocked my path -"prevented me from escaping from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The author speaks of God causing him to continue to suffer as if God was preventing him from escaping the suffering by blocking his path. AT: "It is as though he blocked my path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## hewn stone ## +# a wall of hewn stone -stones that someone has cut into regular shapes that fit together and make the wall strong +"a wall of cut stones." People would cut stones into regular shapes that could fit together well in order to build a strong wall. -## stone; every way I take is crooked ## +# he made my paths crooked -Possible meanings are 1) "stone, and so I cannot go anywhere" (see UDB) or 2) "stone; every road I take leads nowhere" +Crooked paths do not lead people to where they want to go. Here they represent unsuccessful ways of escaping suffering. AT: "it is as though he has made my paths crooked" or "I have tried to make the suffering stop, but God has prevented me, like one who prevents another from escaping by making his paths crooked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He has turned aside my paths ## +# He is like a bear waiting to ambush me, a lion in hiding -Possible meanings are 1) "He has dragged me off the path" (see UDB) or 2) "He has caused my path to turn in the wrong direction" \ No newline at end of file +The author speaks of God being ready to cause him to suffer more, as if God were a wild animal waiting to attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he turned aside my paths + +Possible meanings are 1) "he dragged me off the path" or 2) "he caused my path to turn in the wrong direction" + +# he has made me desolate + +"he has made me hopeless" or "he has not allowed me to have any help" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/12.md b/lam/03/12.md index c60ed904da..b685a4f4b3 100644 --- a/lam/03/12.md +++ b/lam/03/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## He has bent his bow ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:3](../02/03.md). +God is often spoken of as if he were a warrior. -## quiver ## +# He bent his bow -bag worn on the back in which to store arrows +A soldier has to bend his bow in order to shoot an arrow from it. The author speaks of God deciding to cause him trouble as if God were a warrior ready to shoot him with an arrow. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:4](../02/03.md). AT: "It was as if God made his bow ready to shoot" -## kidneys ## +# He pierced my kidneys with the arrows of his quiver -abdominal organs that feed urine into the bladder. AT: "deep into my body" (UDB) or 2) "into my heart." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The author speaks of the deep grief he feels as if God had shot his kidneys with an arrow. AT: "My grief is great. It is as if he pierced my kidneys with the arrows of his quiver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a laughingstock to all my people ## +# my kidneys -Possible meanings are 1) "someone at whom all Israel laughs" or 2) "someone at whom all people on earth laugh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +The kidneys are abdominal organs that move urine into the bladder. They are a metaphor for a person's emotions. AT: "deep into my body" or 2) "my heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He has filled me with bitterness ## +# quiver -"It is as though he has forced me to eat bitter herbs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +a bag worn on the back in which to store arrows -## wormwood ## +# a laughingstock to all my people -bitter juice from the leaves and flowers of a plant \ No newline at end of file +The word "all" is a generalization, meaning "most." AT: "a laughingstock to most of my people" or "someone whom all my people mock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# laughingstock + +someone whom many people mock + +# He filled me with bitterness + +Here "bitterness" represents suffering. It is referred to as if it were something that could fill the speaker. AT: "He has caused me to suffer very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# forced me to drink wormwood + +Wormwood is the bitter juice from the leaves and flowers of a certain plant. Drinking that bitter juice represents suffering. AT: "it is as though he forced me to drink something very bitter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/16.md b/lam/03/16.md index cda087231d..ad24d4203f 100644 --- a/lam/03/16.md +++ b/lam/03/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## He has crushed...he has pushed me ## +# He crushed my teeth with gravel -are two expressions for God humbling the author. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had forced him to chew gravel. AT: "He has humiliated me, like someone who forces another to chew gravel" or 2) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed his face down into the gravel on the ground. AT: "He has humiliated me, like someone who pushes another man's face down into the gravel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You have removed peace from my life ## +# he has pushed me down into the dust -The author is no longer experiencing joy or pleasure in his life. +The author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed him down into the dust on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my endurance has perished ## +# My soul is deprived of peace -Some versions translate, "My glory has perished," but here "glory" stands for endurance or strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the author's experiences are not peaceful. AT: "I have no peace in my life" or 2) the author does not feel peace. AT: "I feel no peace in my soul" + +# My endurance has perished and so has my hope in Yahweh + +The author speaks as if his ability to endure more suffering and his hope that Yahweh will help him were living beings that have died. AT: "I cannot endure anymore suffering and I can no longer hope that Yahweh will help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# endurance + +Some versions translate this as "glory" or "splendor." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/19.md b/lam/03/19.md index a2d00250da..dfd24f0840 100644 --- a/lam/03/19.md +++ b/lam/03/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## wormwood and bitterness ## +# General Information: -Wormwood is a plant that gives a liquid which is very bitter to drink. "Wormwood" and "bitterness" have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +In verses 19 to 42, the writer thinks about the lessons that he and his fellow citizens should learn about God and his anger and mercy. -## I bow down within myself ## +# wormwood and bitterness -This expression refers to depression and despair. AT: "my soul melts within me" or "I am in despair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Wormwood is a plant that gives a liquid which is very bitter to drink. Together "wormwood" and "bitterness" represent severe suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## But I call this to mind ## +# I am bowed down within me -The Author is about to tell the audience what he has hope in. \ No newline at end of file +The author speaks of his deep sadness and despair as if he were bowed down. AT: "I am depressed" or "I am discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# But I call this to mind + +This means to intentionally think about something. The word "this" refers to something that the author will start to speak about in the next verse. AT: "But I choose to think about this" or "But I remember this" + +# I have hope + +"I hope" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/22.md b/lam/03/22.md index 54418a1944..e45b20736c 100644 --- a/lam/03/22.md +++ b/lam/03/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## It is by the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh that we are not destroyed ## +# The steadfast love of Yahweh never ceases -AT: "It is because of the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh that we do not perish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "steadfast love" can be expressed with the phrase "love faithfully." AT: "Yahweh never stops loving his people faithfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## your faithfulness ## +# his compassions never end -The writer speaks to Yahweh. +The abstract noun "compassions" can be translated with the verb "care." AT: "he never stops caring for those who suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Yahweh is my inheritance ## +# they are new every morning -"Because Yahweh is with me, I have everything I need" +The word "they" refers to God's steadfast love and compassions. Their being new represents God continuing to act according to them. AT: "every morning he treats us again with steadfast love and compassion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## declares my inner being ## +# your faithfulness -AT: "I sincerely declare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "your" refers to Yahweh. + +# Yahweh is my inheritance + +When God gave each tribe of Israel their land, he called it an inheritance. The author speaks of Yahweh being all he needs as if Yahweh were the inheritance that he had received. AT: "Because Yahweh is with me, I have everything I need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/25.md b/lam/03/25.md index c1e2b9cda9..c9177f87ab 100644 --- a/lam/03/25.md +++ b/lam/03/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## the one who waits for him ## +# Yahweh is good to those who wait for him -Possible meanings are 1) "all those who depend on him" (UDB) or 2) "the one who waits patiently for him to act." +Here "good" refers to kindness. AT: "Yahweh is kind to those who wait for him" or "Yahweh does good things for those who wait for him" -## the life that seeks him ## +# those who wait for him -AT: "the person who seeks him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "all those who depend on him" or 2) "the one who waits patiently for him to act." -## bear the yoke ## +# the one who seeks him -"suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings for "seeks him" are 1) asking God for help or 2) wanting to know God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## laid it upon him ## +# that he bear the yoke in his youth -"has laid the yoke upon him" +Here "bear the yoke" represents suffering. The abstract noun "his youth" can be expressed with the word "young." AT: "that he suffer while he is young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## put his mouth in the dust ## +# Let him sit alone in silence -AT: "bown down with his mouth on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "in silence" refers to not speaking. Here it may refer specifically to not complaining. AT: "Let him sit alone without speaking" or "Let him sit alone and not complain" + +# when it is laid upon him + +"when the yoke is laid upon him." Here the yoke represents suffering. AT: "when he suffers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let him put his mouth in the dust + +Putting the mouth in the dust represents bowing down with one's face on the ground. AT: "Let him lie down with his mouth on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/30.md b/lam/03/30.md index 4045268472..f033eea98c 100644 --- a/lam/03/30.md +++ b/lam/03/30.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + The writer speaks of the one who waits for Yahweh ([Lamentations 3:25](./25.md)). -## Let him give his cheek to the one striking him ## +# Let him offer his cheek to the one who strikes him -"Let him allow people to strike him" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The word "him" refers to anyone who is suffering and who waits for Yahweh. Here "offer his cheek" represents allowing someone to strike his cheek. AT: "Let him allow people to hit him on the face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## though he brings ## +# let him be filled to the full with reproach -"though Yahweh brings" +The author speaks of a person as if he were a container and reproach were a liquid. Being filled with reproach represents being reproached much. The implication is that he should be patient when this happens. AT: "let him be insulted much" or "let him be patient when people reproach him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he does not oppress from the heart ## +# though he causes grief -AT: "He does not willingly oppress" or "He takes no delight in oppressing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"though the Lord causes people to suffer" or "though he afflicts people" -## sons of men ## +# he will have compassion -AT: "human beings" or "people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"he will be compassionate to them" + +# For he does not afflict from his heart + +Here the heart represents desire or pleasure, and afflicting from the heart represents afflicting with pleasure. AT: "For it does not make him happy to afflict people" or "He does not take pleasure in afflicting people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the children of mankind + +This refers to people in general. AT: "human beings" or "people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/34.md b/lam/03/34.md index e1197404a4..2c1c26644a 100644 --- a/lam/03/34.md +++ b/lam/03/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## To crush ... under his foot ## +# General Information: -"To abuse" or "To kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The author wrote in general terms about what is true for all people, but it shows God's concern for his people, the people of Israel, who were being mistreated by their enemies. -## turn aside the justice of men ## +# To crush ... to deny a man justice ... to deny justice -"keep men from receiving justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"If people crush ... if they deny a man justice ... if they deny justice" -## suppress a person in his cause ## +# To crush underfoot -"keep courts from giving justice to people" +Here "crush underfoot" represents abusing and mistreating people. AT: "To abuse" or "To mistreat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])- -## does not the Lord see? ## +# to deny a man justice -Possible meanings are 1) "the Lord sees it all" or 2) "the Lord does not approve of these things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to not allowing a person to have what he deserves. AT: "to deny a person his rights" or "to keep a person from having what he deserves" + +# in the presence of the Most High + +Doing something "in the presence of the Most High" represents doing it while knowing that God sees it. AT: "knowing that the Most High sees it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to deny justice to a person + +Here "deny justice" refers to not making a just decision for a person in a legal concern. AT: "to judge a person wrongly in court" or "to keep a person who goes to a judge from getting what is right" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/37.md b/lam/03/37.md index 1b9abfc49d..44cdf2c651 100644 --- a/lam/03/37.md +++ b/lam/03/37.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## Do not both calamity and success come out of the mouth of the Most High? ## +# Who has spoken and it came to pass, unless the Lord decreed it? -AT: "God decrees disaster or success for every person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The author uses this rhetorical question to teach that when someone commands something to happen, it will happen only if God has already decreed that it should happen. AT: "No one has spoken and it came to pass, unless the Lord decreed it." or "What someone has commanded to happen has never happened unless the Lord decreed it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# has spoken + +It can be expressed clearly that this refers to commanding something to happen. AT: "has commanded that something should happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# it came to pass + +"what he said happened" + +# Is it not from the mouth of the Most High that both calamities and the good come? + +The author uses this rhetorical question to teach that both calamities and good things happen only because God has commanded them to happen. AT: "It is only from the mouth of the Most High that both calamities and the good come." or "It is only because the Most High has commanded it that both calamities and good things happen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# from the mouth of the Most High + +Here "mouth" represents what God says or commands. AT: "from the command of the Most High" or "because the Most High has commanded it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# both calamities and the good come + +Here "come" represents happening. Also, the nominal adjective "the good" can be stated as "good things." AT: "both calamities and good things happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# How can any person alive complain? How can a person complain about the punishment for his sins? + +The author uses these rhetorical questions to teach that people should not complain when God punishes them. AT: "A person should not complain when God punishes him for his sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How can any person alive complain + +Possible meanings are 1) it is implied that mere people cannot fully understand God's actions. AT: "How can a mere person complain" or 2) it is implied that being alive is a gift from God. AT: "How can a person who is blessed to be alive complain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/40.md b/lam/03/40.md index 5bcb2f564e..9d60e046da 100644 --- a/lam/03/40.md +++ b/lam/03/40.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Let us lift up our hearts and our hands...and pray ## +# General Information: -It was customary for the Israelites to raise their hands when praying to God. AT: "Let us pray sincerely with lifted hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The writer speaks again about the suffering that God has caused to Jerusalem, but here he speaks of "we" and "us," not "I" and "me." -## We have transgressed and have rebelled ## +# General Information: -The words "transgressed" and "rebelled" share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +In verse 42 the author starts a prayer that he and the people of Israel should pray. -## against you ## +# let us return to Yahweh -Here the word "you" refers to God. +Here "return to Yahweh" represents submitting to him again. AT: "let us submit to Yahweh again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You have covered yourself with anger ## +# Let us lift up our hearts and our hands -Here anger is spoken of as if it were a garment that God has put on. Hebrew often spoke of emotions as if they were clothing. AT: "You have been angry." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "lift up our hearts" represents praying sincerely. It was customary for the Israelites to raise their hands when praying to God. AT: "Let us pray sincerely with lifted hands" or "Let us lift up our hands and pray sincerely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# We have transgressed and rebelled + +The words "transgressed" and "rebelled" share similar meanings. Together they indicate that transgression is the same as rebelling against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# You have covered yourself with anger + +Here anger is spoken of as if it were a garment that God has put on. Hebrew often spoke of emotions as if they were clothing. AT: "You have been angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you have killed + +"you have killed many of us" + +# you have not spared + +Here "spared" represents having pity. AT: "you have not had pity on us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/44.md b/lam/03/44.md index ba91d0a300..19e8e430f3 100644 --- a/lam/03/44.md +++ b/lam/03/44.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -The prayer that began in [Lamentations 3:40](./40.md) continues. +# Connecting Statement: -## You have covered yourself with a cloud, so that no prayer can pass through ## +The prayer that began in [Lamentations 3:42](./40.md) continues. -AT: "You use the clouds as a shield to keep our prayers away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# You have covered yourself with a cloud so that no prayer can pass through -## castoffs and refuse ## +This represents God refusing to listen to the people's prayer. AT: "You refuse to listen to our prayers. It is as though you put a cloud between us and you so that our prayers cannot get to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "You have thrown us away as if we were just trash." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# You have made us like filthy scum and refuse among the nations -## desolation and crushing ## +The people of Israel are compared to filthy scum and refuse. Possible meanings are 1) God has caused the nations to think of his people as worthless. AT: "You have made the nations think of us as scum and garbage" or 2) God's forcing his people to live among the nations is like throwing them away as garbage. AT: "You have thrown us away like filthy garbage among the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -"total destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# panic and pitfall have come upon us, ruin and destruction + +The abstract nouns "panic," "pitfall," "ruin" and "destruction" can be expressed with verbs. AT: "we are panicking. We are trapped, and we are being ruined and destroyed" or "we are terrified and trapped. We are being completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# pitfall + +This refers to falling into a pit. Here it represents being trapped in any way. + +# have come upon us + +"have happened to us" + +# ruin and destruction + +These two words share similar meanings and refer to the destruction of Jerusalem. AT: "total destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/48.md b/lam/03/48.md index 0ed36b98c4..b3e9be1475 100644 --- a/lam/03/48.md +++ b/lam/03/48.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## My eye runs down with streams of water ## +# General Information: -"Tears flow from my eyes like water flows in a river" because I am crying (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The author speaks about himself again. -## because of the crushing of the daughter of my people ## +# My eyes flow with streams of tears -See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:11](../02/11.md). +Here the author speaks of the great amount of his tears as if they were streams. He uses exaggeration to show that he is very sad and has cried much. AT: "Tears flow from my eyes like water flowing in a river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## the daughter of my people ## +# because my people are destroyed -This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This can stated in active form. AT: "because enemies have destroyed my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## My eyes flow out ## +# without ceasing, without relief -AT: "Tears flow from my eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Both of these phrases means the same thing. The author speaks of his continuing to cry as if his eyes were a person and had no rest from crying. AT: "without stopping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## they do not stop, for there is no end to it ## +# until Yahweh from heaven looks down and sees -AT: "my tears do not stop falling; there is no end to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pluralpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +What the author hopes Yahweh will see can be stated clearly. AT: "until Yahweh looks down from heaven and sees what has happened to my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/51.md b/lam/03/51.md index bf47922164..b248d0e5b9 100644 --- a/lam/03/51.md +++ b/lam/03/51.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## My eye brings severe pain to my life ## +# My eyes cause me grief -AT: "What I see causes me much pain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The phrase "My eyes" represents what he sees. AT: "What I see causes me to grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## all the daughters of my city ## +# because of all the daughters of my city -Possible meanings are 1) the women of Jerusalem (see UDB) or 2) all the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +It can be stated clearly that the "daughters of my city" are suffering. AT: "because the daughters of my city are suffering" or "because I see the daughters of my city suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they have destroyed my life in a well ## +# all the daughters of my city -AT: "they have killed me by drowning me in a well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the women of Jerusalem or 2) all the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## have placed a stone over me ## +# I have been hunted like a bird by those who were my enemies -Possible meanings are 1) "have covered the well with a stone" (see UDB) or 2) "have thrown stones at me." +The author speaks of people looking for him in order to kill him as if he were an animal that they were hunting. This can be stated in active form. AT: "My enemies have looked for me in order to kill me like people who hunt for a bird" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I have been cut off ## +# They cast me into a pit -AT: "I have been killed" or "I am drowning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"They threw me into a pit" or "They dropped me into a well" + +# threw a stone on me + +Possible meanings are 1) "threw stones down on me" or 2) "covered the pit with a stone" + +# they caused waters to overflow, covering my head + +"the level of the water in the pit rose up over my head" + +# I have been cut off + +Being "cut off" often represents being killed. Here it represents dying very soon. AT: "I am about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/55.md b/lam/03/55.md index bb5eecd4b4..ae3dffa9aa 100644 --- a/lam/03/55.md +++ b/lam/03/55.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## I called on your name ## +# I called on your name -AT: "I called to you for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +God's name represents his character, and here, "called on your name" represents trusting God's character and calling on him for help. AT: "I called to you for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## out of the lowest pit ## +# from the depths of the pit -Possible meanings are 1) "from a very deep well" (see [Lamentations 3:51](./51.md)) or 2) "from the grave." +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the pit that author had been thrown into. AT: "from the bottom of the pit" or 2) the author was afraid that he would die soon, so he spoke as if he were in the place of the dead. AT: "from the pit of the dead" -## You heard my voice ## +# You heard my voice -AT: "You heard what I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "voice" represents what he said. AT: "You heard my words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Do not hide your ear ## +# Do not close your ear -AT: "Do not refuse to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "close your ear" represents refusing to listen. AT: "Do not refuse to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## from my call for relief, from my cry for help ## +# You came near -"when I ask you to help me by stopping people from hurting me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## you drew near ## - -AT: "You came to where I was and helped me". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +People often come near to a person they help. Here "came near" represents helping the man. AT: "you helped me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/58.md b/lam/03/58.md index 10b5bb7564..4e41f81f1f 100644 --- a/lam/03/58.md +++ b/lam/03/58.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## you defended me when I was on trial for my life ## +# you defended my case, you saved my life -This presents a picture of a courtroom, where the speaker is on trial. In this picture, God argues for him, as a lawyer argues for his client.AT: "you argued for me in court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The author speaks of God keeping him from being killed by his enemies as if God had defended him in court as a lawyer defends someone, and kept him from being killed. AT: "you saved my life from my enemies. It is as though you defended me in court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## their oppression of me ## +# you defended my case -AT: "how they oppress me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here "defended my case" represents arguing for him. AT: "you argued my case for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Judge my case justly ## +# judge my case -Here God is no longer pictured as a lawyer, but as the judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here God is no longer pictured as a lawyer, but as the judge. It can be stated clearly that he wanted God to judge in his favor. AT: "make a decision about me, and show my enemies that I am right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## all their acts of vengeance, all their plans against me ## +# You have seen their insults, all their plots against me -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The abstract nouns "insults" and "plots" can be expressed with verbs. AT: "You have seen how they have insulted me and how they have plotted against me many times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## all their acts of vengeance ## +# You have heard their scorn ... and all their plans regarding me -AT: "all of their attempts to take revenge against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) - -## heard their scorn ## - -AT: "heard them taunt me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "scorn" can be expressed with the verbs "taunt" or "mock". It can be stated clearly that the plans were to harm him. AT: "You heard how they have taunted me ... and all they plan to do to me" or "You have heard them mock me ... and plan ways to harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/62.md b/lam/03/62.md index 9da7212702..ba43ee9079 100644 --- a/lam/03/62.md +++ b/lam/03/62.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the lips of those that rose up against me ## +# The lips and the accusations ... come against me all the day -AT: "the words that those who rose up against me spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The author speaks of his enemies accusing him all day as if their accusations were soldiers that come to attack him all day. AT: "My enemies speak against me and accuse me through the whole day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## those that rose up against me ## +# The lips ... of my enemies -AT: "those who attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the lips represent what his enemies say. AT: "The words ... of my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## their sitting or their rising up ## +# how they sit and then rise up -AT: "When they sit down and when they get up" or "Whenever they do anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two actions together represent everything the people do. AT: "everything they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/64.md b/lam/03/64.md index a0289c327d..5e4cf1d5d9 100644 --- a/lam/03/64.md +++ b/lam/03/64.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Pay back to them, Yahweh, as much harm as what their hands have done ## +# Pay back to them, Yahweh, according to what they have done -AT: "They have made me suffer, Yahweh, so please make them suffer now" +Here "Pay back to them" represents punishing them. What they have done can be stated clearly. AT: "Punish them, Yahweh, according to what they have done" or "Yahweh, they have made me suffer, so please make them suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## what their hands have done ## +# You will let their hearts be shameless -AT: "what they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the "heart" is a metonym that represents their attitudes and emotions, and being "shameless" means not feeling ashamed of their sins even though they should. Their not being ashamed would give even more reason for God to punish them. AT: "You will let them feel no shame for their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Set fear in their heart ## +# May your condemnation be upon them -AT: "Make them deeply afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The abstract noun "condemnation" can be expressed with the verbs "condemn" or "curse." AT: "Condemn them" or "Curse them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## everywhere under the heavens ## +# from under the heavens -AT: "wherever they are on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "from under the heavens" represents everywhere on earth. AT: "wherever they are on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/03/intro.md b/lam/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..802c8c2e23 --- /dev/null +++ b/lam/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Lamentations 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Troubles ##### + +Here the author speaks of the suffering experienced by the people of Jerusalem during the Babylonian siege and after the city's fall. He speaks of these sufferings as if they had been directed against him personally, as if God had personally attacked him. However, we should understand the writer's feelings as having been shared by everyone in the city. + +In verse 19, the writer begins to think about the lessons that he and his fellow citizens should learn about God and his anger and his mercy. He also thinks about what it means to repent and to trust in God. + +In verse 43, the writer speaks again about the suffering that God has caused to Jerusalem, but here the writer speaks of "we" and "us," not "I" and "me." But in verse 48, he begins to speak about how he himself will continually mourn over what has happened. + +In verse 52, the writer begins to think about his personal enemies in Jerusalem, those who persecuted him for bringing Yahweh's messages to the city. He asks for God to show his enemies that he was doing right, and to take revenge on them for their crimes against him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Lamentations 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/01.md b/lam/04/01.md index d4ac0f0258..5919ad4fd6 100644 --- a/lam/04/01.md +++ b/lam/04/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -A new poem begins. See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] ​and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]. +# General Information: -## holy stones ## +A new poem begins. See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]. -the stones that made up the temple +# The gold has become tarnished; how the purest gold has changed -## at the head of every street ## +The people of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were gold that is no longer shiny, and therefore no longer valuable. AT: "The people of Jerusalem are like gold that is no longer shiny. They are like pure gold that is no longer beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:18](../02/18.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# how the purest gold has changed -## sons of Zion ## +This is an exclamation that shows the author's sadness that this has happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -Possible meanings are 1) The young men of Jerusalem (see UDB) or 2) all the people of Jerusalem. +# The holy stones are scattered at the corner of every street -## they are regarded as nothing but clay jars made by potter's hands ## +This may refer to the temple being destroyed and its stones scattered throughout the city. It may also be a metaphor for the people being scattered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "people consider them to be as worthless as the clay jars that potters make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# at the corner of every street + +"wherever the streets come together" or "by all the roads" + +# sons of Zion + +Here people of a city are spoken of as if they were the sons of the city. Possible meanings are 1) this refers to only the young men of Jerusalem or 2) this refers to all the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are worth no more than clay jars, the work of the potter's hands + +The author speaks of the precious sons of Zion as if they were considered to be inexpensive clay jars. AT: "people consider them to be as worthless as the clay jars that potters make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/03.md b/lam/04/03.md index 5460929003..77b32a94f5 100644 --- a/lam/04/03.md +++ b/lam/04/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## the jackals reveal the breast to nurse their cubs ## +# General Information: -This means that mother jackals freely allow their babies to nurse. +Because of the lack of food in the city, the people of Jerusalem do not give their children all they need. -## jackals ## +# the jackals offer the breast to nurse their cubs -fierce wild dogs, the worst of unclean animals +This means that mother jackals feed their baby jackals. -## the daughter of my people ## +# jackals -This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:11](../02/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +fierce wild dogs + +# the daughter of my people ... like the ostriches in the desert + +The people in Jerusalem are compared to ostriches because they are cruel to their children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the daughter of my people has + +This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "my people have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# ostriches + +large birds that abandon some of their eggs \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/04.md b/lam/04/04.md index 3369632828..3dc33bfbbd 100644 --- a/lam/04/04.md +++ b/lam/04/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## those who wore scarlet clothing ## +# The tongue of the nursing baby sticks to the roof of his mouth by thirst -Wearing scarlet clothes was a sign that a person was wealthy. +"Nursing babies are so thirsty that their tongues stick to the top of their mouths" -## are now on top of garbage heaps ## +# The ones who used to feast on expensive food -AT: "now search through garbage heaps for something to eat" \ No newline at end of file +"The ones who used to eat a lot of expensive food" + +# now starve in the streets + +These people no longer have homes, so they live outside along the streets. + +# those who were brought up wearing purple clothing + +Wearing purple clothes was a sign that a person was wealthy. This can be stated in active form. AT: "those who grew up wearing purple clothing" or "those who wore expensive clothing when they were growing up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# now lie upon piles of garbage + +These people no longer have homes and soft beds, so they sleep on piles of garbage. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/06.md b/lam/04/06.md index be6a9be81d..e860600bf4 100644 --- a/lam/04/06.md +++ b/lam/04/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## iniquity ... ## +# The punishment of the daughter of my people is greater than that of Sodom -Possible meanings are 1) "sin ... sin " or 2) "punishment for the sin ... punishment." +The abstract noun "punishment" can be expressed with the verb "punish." AT: "The daughter of my people has been punished more severely than Sodom was punished" -## the daughter of my people ## +# the daughter of my people -This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## who was overthrown in a moment ## +# which was overthrown in a moment -AT: "whom God destroyed in a moment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "which" refers to Sodom. This can be stated in active form. AT: "which God destroyed in a moment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## though no hands seized her ## +# no hands were wrung for her -AT: "though no human soldiers captured her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one wrung their hands for her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# no hands were wrung for her + +People sometimes rub and twist their hands when they are worried and cannot fix something, so wringing the hands here represents worrying. The word "her" refers to Jerusalem, which was called "the daughter of my people." AT: "no one was worried about her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/07.md b/lam/04/07.md index 7775bd5c95..908e6f6234 100644 --- a/lam/04/07.md +++ b/lam/04/07.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## Her leaders used to shine like snow and were as white as milk ## +# Her leaders were purer than snow, whiter than milk -Possible meanings; 1) "Our leaders were previously beautiful to look at" (UDB) because they were physically healthy or 2) the people loved their leaders because the leaders were morally pure the way new snow and milk are pure white. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Jerusalem's leaders were beautiful to look at because they were physically healthy or 2) the leaders were morally pure as new snow and milk are pure white. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## her leaders ## +# Her leaders -Jerusalem's leaders +"Jerusalem's leaders" -## ruddy ## +# their bodies were more ruddy than coral -healthy looking +"their bodies were redder than coral." This implies that they were healthy. AT: "their bodies were healthy and red" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## coral ## +# coral -a rock-hard red substance that comes from the ocean used like jewelry +a rock-hard red substance that comes from the ocean and was used for making decorations -## sapphire ## +# sapphire a costly blue stone used in jewelry -## darkness blackens their appearance ## +# Their appearance now is darker than soot -This may mean 1) that the sun has darkened the leaders' skin or 2) that the soot from the fires that burned Jerusalem has covered their faces. +This may be because 1) the sun has darkened the leaders' skin or 2) the soot from the fires that burned Jerusalem has covered their faces. -## they are unrecognizable ## +# they are not recognized -AT: "No one can recognize them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one can recognize them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## has become as dry as wood ## +# Their skin has shriveled on their bones -because they do not have enough food and water (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This implies that there was not much muscle or fat under the skin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# it has become as dry as wood + +Their dry skin is compared to dry wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/09.md b/lam/04/09.md index c2723131b1..d936e373b8 100644 --- a/lam/04/09.md +++ b/lam/04/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Those who have been killed by the sword ## +# Those who have been killed by the sword -AT: "Those whom enemy soldiers have killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the "sword" represents an enemy's attack. It can be stated in active form. AT: "Those whom enemy soldiers have killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## those killed by hunger ## +# those killed by hunger -AT: "those who starve to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "hunger" represents starvation. This can be stated in active form. AT: "those who starved to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## waste away ## +# who wasted away -AT: "those who become thin and weak because they are dying from hunger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"who became extremely thin and weak" -## pierced by hunger ## +# pierced by the lack of any harvest from the field -Hunger is spoken of here as if it were a sword. AT: "whom hunger has killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "harvest from the field" is a metonym that represents food to eat. Lack of food is spoken of here as if it were a sword that pierces people. AT: "who died because there was not enough food to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The hands of compassionate women ## +# The hands of compassionate women -AT: "Compassionate women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the women are represented by their "hands." Because they were so hungry, women who had been compassionate in the past were no longer compassionate toward their children; instead they boiled them for food. AT: "Compassionate women" or "Women who had been compassionate in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the crushing ## +# they became their food -AT: "the destruction" +"their children became the women's food" -## the daughter of my people ## +# the daughter of my people was -This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. See how you translated this phrase in [Lamentations 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:11](../02/11.md). AT: "my people were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/11.md b/lam/04/11.md index 1b8dd11d22..4742f6fea8 100644 --- a/lam/04/11.md +++ b/lam/04/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Yahweh has satisfied his rage. He has poured out his burning anger ## +# Yahweh showed all his wrath; he poured out his fierce anger -Yahweh was very angry, and he has done everything he wanted to do to show that he was angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh was very angry, and he did everything he wanted to do to show that he was angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## He has poured out his burning anger ## +# he poured out his fierce anger -God's anger is like a hot, burning liquid that he pours out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +God's punishing his people is spoken of as if his anger were a burning hot liquid that he poured out on them. AT: "because of his fierce anger, he punished his people" or "in fierce anger he responded to his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he has kindled a fire in Zion ## +# He kindled a fire in Zion -This may mean either 1) that God's anger is like a fire that has destroyed Jerusalem, or 2) that God has caused enemies to burn Jerusalem with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This represents God causing Israel's enemies to start a fire in Jerusalem. AT: "He caused a fire to start in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that consumed her foundations + +Here "her foundations" represents the whole city, even the part of the city that would be ruined last. AT: "that burned down the city, even its foundations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/12.md b/lam/04/12.md index 93220b6079..61d7129c28 100644 --- a/lam/04/12.md +++ b/lam/04/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Neither the kings of the earth nor any of the world's inhabitants ## +# The kings of the earth did not believe, nor did any of the inhabitants of the world believe, -"Nobody anywhere* (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +"The kings of the earth and the rest of the inhabitants of the world did not believe" -## adversary and enemy ## +# enemies or opponents -"any kind of enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that these are people who desired to harm Jerusalem. AT: "any kind of enemy" or "any of Jerusalem's enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the sins of her prophets, and the iniquities of her priests ## +# the sins of her prophets and the iniquities of her priests -"the terrible sins of her prophets and priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two lines share similar meanings and emphasize that these spiritual leaders were largely responsible for the fall of Jerusalem. AT: "the terrible sins of her prophets and priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## who have shed the blood of the righteous ## +# who have shed the blood of the righteous -Both the priests and the prophets were guilty of murder. AT: "who have murdered the righteous." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both the priests and the prophets were guilty of murder. Here "shed the blood" represents murder. AT: "who have murdered the righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/14.md b/lam/04/14.md index a0b4e78375..0e2adf96b4 100644 --- a/lam/04/14.md +++ b/lam/04/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## They are defiled by that blood ## +# They wandered, blind, through the streets -Because they have committed murder, they are ritually unclean, unable to worship God or be with ordinary people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The priests and prophets are spoken of as if they were blind because they wandered through the streets, not knowing where to go. AT: "They wandered through the streets like blind men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## "Flee! Unclean," these prophets and priests cry out ## +# They were so defiled by that blood -Some versions translate these words as being spoken by the ordinary people, not the murderous prophets and priests. \ No newline at end of file +Here "defiled" represents being unacceptable to God. Because the priests and prophets murdered people, they were ritually unclean, unable to worship God or be with ordinary people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# defiled by that blood + +"defiled by the blood that they shed." Possible meanings are 1) the blood was on their clothes or 2) "blood" is a metonym for murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Away! Unclean + +"Go away! You are unclean" + +# Away! Away! Do not touch + +"Go away! Go away! Do not touch us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/16.md b/lam/04/16.md index e98818557a..f25f17a0c8 100644 --- a/lam/04/16.md +++ b/lam/04/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## scattered them ## +# scattered them -scattered the prophets and priests +"scattered the prophets and priests" -## look on them with favor ## +# he does not watch over them anymore -AT: "accept them" or "approve of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## No one receives ... they show no concern ## - -AT: "No one receives ... no one shows concern" or "People do not receive ... people do not show concern" \ No newline at end of file +Here "watch over them" represents being concerned about them and helping them. AT: "he does not care about them anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/17.md b/lam/04/17.md index 911deba33d..bc149fb805 100644 --- a/lam/04/17.md +++ b/lam/04/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## Our eyes constantly failed to find even worthless help ## +# Our eyes failed, looking in vain for help -Possible meanings are 1) they looked for people to help them, but no help ever came (see UDB) or 2) they kept on looking for help from people who would never have been able to help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Their eyes failing represents their seeking and not being able to find what they were looking for. These two phrases together emphasize that they were trying hard to find help. AT: "We continued looking, but we could not find anyone to help us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They hunted our steps ## +# for help -AT: "Our enemies followed us everywhere we went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The abstract noun "help" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "for people to help us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Our end ## +# in vain -AT: "The time for us to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +without succeeding + +# we watched for a nation that could not rescue us + +Here "watched" represents hoping. It can be stated clearly that they were hoping that a nation would come and rescue them. AT: "we hoped for a nation to come and rescue us, but it could not rescue us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They followed our steps + +Here "our steps" represents where they went. AT: "Our enemies followed us everywhere we went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Our end was near + +Here "near" is a metaphor for "soon." AT: "Our end would be soon" or "Our enemies would soon destroy us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Our end + +Possible meanings are 1) "Our end" refers to the end of living in their own city because their enemies would destroy the city and capture them. AT: "Our destruction" or "Our capture" or 2) "Our end" refers to the end of their lives. AT: "Our death" or "The time for us to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# our days were numbered + +Being numbered represents being so few that they could be easily counted. AT: "we had very little time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# our end had come + +The phrase "had come" means that what they had expected was now happening. AT: "it was now the end for us" or "our enemies were attacking us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/19.md b/lam/04/19.md index f0546699ae..b5e4eda069 100644 --- a/lam/04/19.md +++ b/lam/04/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## The breath in our nostrils ## +# Our pursuers were swifter than the eagles in the sky -This is a title for the king, who provides life to his people like breath keeps the body alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The author compares the speed of their pursuers to the speed of eagles flying. Eagles fly very quickly to catch other animals. AT: "Those who were chasing us were faster than eagles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## was taken in their pits ## +# lay in wait for us -Here "pits" refers to the enemies' trap, their plan to catch the king. AT: "the enemies made plans to capture our king, and they did capture him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"waited to attack us" + +# The breath in our nostrils + +This phrase refers to the king. He is spoken of as if he were breath; the breath keeps the body alive, and the king keeps his people alive by ruling them well and protecting them from their enemies. AT: "The one who is like breath in our nostrils" or "The one who protects our lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh's anointed one + +Here being "anointed" represents being the king. God had told people to anoint whomever he had chosen to be king. AT: "the one whom Yahweh had chosen to be anointed as king" or "the king Yahweh chose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he was the one who was captured in their pits + +Here "pits" refers to the enemies' plans to capture him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he was the one whom our enemies captured by their plans" or "our enemies made plans to capture our king, and they did capture him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# of whom it was said + +This phrase with the quote following it gives us more information about the king. The quote shows what the people had hoped the king would do for them before he was trapped. It can be expressed in active form. AT: "even though we had said about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Under his shadow we will live among the nations + +Here "his shadow" represents him protecting them. AT: "Under his protection we will live among the nations" or "Though we may have to live in other nations, he will protect us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/21.md b/lam/04/21.md index 082287735f..6f7107b060 100644 --- a/lam/04/21.md +++ b/lam/04/21.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Rejoice and be glad ## +# Rejoice and be glad -These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. The writer uses these words sarcastically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +"Rejoice" and "be glad" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. The writer uses these words to mock the people. He knew that the people of Edom would be glad that Jerusalem is being destroyed. AT: "Be very glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## daughter of Zion...daughter of Edom ## +# daughter of Edom -These are poetic names for the people of Jerusalem and of the land of Edom, which are spoken of here as if they were woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The people of the land of Edom are spoken of as if they were a woman. They were Israel's enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the cup will also pass to you ## +# But to you also the cup will be passed -The wine that people will drink from the cup is a symbol of Yahweh's anger. AT: "Yahweh will also judge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The cup is a metonym for the wine in it. The wine is a metaphor for punishment. AT: "But Yahweh will also punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Your guilt is ended ## +# Daughter of Zion -Here "guilt" refers to the punishment for guilt. AT: "Yahweh has fully punished your guilt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The people of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\ -## He will no longer keep you in exile ## +# your punishment will come to an end -Here the word "He" refers to Yahweh. +"your punishment will end." The abstract noun punishment can be expressed with the verb "punish." AT: "Yahweh will stop punishing you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## He will yet uncover your sins ## +# he will not extend your exile -"He will soon expose your sins" \ No newline at end of file +"Yahweh will not make your time in exile longer" or "Yahweh will not make you stay in exile longer" + +# he will uncover your sins + +Here the sins not being known by others are spoken of as if they are under a cover. Removing the cover represents letting other people know about them. AT: "he will expose your sins" or "he will cause other people to know how you have sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/04/intro.md b/lam/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d1725386d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/lam/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Lamentations 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Judah being destroyed continues in this chapter. Famine destroyed the rulers and the priests. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Lamentations 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/01.md b/lam/05/01.md index 7f5ab28953..8aa1fd80c0 100644 --- a/lam/05/01.md +++ b/lam/05/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -A new poem begins. See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] ​and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]. +# General Information: -## Call to mind ## +A new poem begins. See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]. -AT: "Think about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# Remember, Yahweh, what has happened to us -## Look and see our shame ## +"Remember" is an idiom. AT: "Yahweh, think about what has happened to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"Look at the shameful state we are in" +# look and see our disgrace -## Our inheritance has been turned over to strangers ## +"look at the shameful state we are in" -AT: "You have allowed strangers to take possession of our inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Our inheritance has been turned over to strangers; our houses to foreigners -## our houses to foreigners ## +The phrase "has been turned over" can be stated in active form. And, the missing words may be added to the second part of the sentence. AT: "You have allowed strangers to take possession of our inheritance; you have allowed foreigners to take possession of our houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -"you have allowed foreigners to take possession of our houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# We have become orphans ... our mothers are like widows -## We have become orphans ... our mothers are like widows ## +The people of Jerusalem have no one to protect them because the men have either died in battle or have gone into exile. This speaks of the people not having their fathers and husbands present as if they had actually become orphans and widows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -The people of Jerusalem have no one to protect them because the men have either died in battle or have gone into exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# orphans, the fatherless -## Our water costs silver to drink ## +These two phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that the people no longer have their fathers. AT: "orphans who have no fathers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"We have to pay silver to our enemies in order to drink our own water" +# We must pay silver for the water we drink ... our own wood -## our own wood is sold to us ## +This means that their enemies are making them pay money to have the water and wood that they once used for free. AT: "We have to pay silver to our enemies in order to drink our own water ... our own wood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "our enemies sell us our own wood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# we must pay silver to get our own wood + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "our enemies sell us our own wood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/05.md b/lam/05/05.md index 076d0cecaa..3e0fdd1477 100644 --- a/lam/05/05.md +++ b/lam/05/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Our enemies ## +# Those who are coming after us -The Babylonian army. +"Our enemies who are chasing after us." This refers to the Babylonian army. -## they are so close that they are breathing down our necks ## +# we can find no rest -AT: "they run closely after us." Some versions read, "They have put their feet on our necks," to symbolize victory. Other versions read, "they have put a yoke on our necks," that is, "they have made us into slaves." +This speaks of being able to rest as if "rest" were an object that could be found. AT: "we are unable to rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## reached out with our hands to ## +# We have given ourselves to Egypt and to Assyria to get enough food -AT: "made a treaty with" or "surrendered to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase "given ourselves" is an idiom. AT: "We have made a treaty with Egypt and with Assyria so that we would have food to eat" or "We have surrendered to Egypt and to Assyria to have enough food to remain alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## to be filled with food ## +# they are no more -AT: "so that we would have food to eat" +This refers to them being dead. AT: "they have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## they are no more ## +# we bear their iniquities -AT: "they have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) - -## we bear their sins ## - -AT: "we bear the punishment for their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "iniquities" represents the punishment received because of their ancestors' sins. AT: "we bear the punishment for their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/08.md b/lam/05/08.md index 64269f537e..e18eef2f68 100644 --- a/lam/05/08.md +++ b/lam/05/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Slaves rule over us ## +# Slaves rule over us -Possible meanings are 1) "Now the people who rule over us are themselves slaves to their own masters in Babylon" (UDB) or 2) "People who used to be slaves in Babylon now rule over us." +Possible meanings are 1) "Now the people who rule over us are themselves slaves to their own masters in Babylon" or 2) "People who used to be slaves in Babylon now rule over us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to rescue us out of their hand ## +# to deliver us from their hand -Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "to rescue us from their power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "hand" refers to control. AT: "to rescue us from their control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in the face of the sword of the wilderness ## +# bread -AT: "because there are people in the wilderness who kill others with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because of the sword in the wilderness + +Here robbers with swords are represented by their "swords." AT: "because there are robbers in the wilderness who kill others with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Our skin has grown as hot as an oven because of the burning heat of hunger + +This speaks of the peoples' bodies being hot and feverish as if their skin was as hot as an oven. The people have fever because of their hunger. AT: "Our skin has become hot like an oven, and we have a very high fever because we are extremely hungry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/11.md b/lam/05/11.md index d527c1a590..e2c3448619 100644 --- a/lam/05/11.md +++ b/lam/05/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the women in Zion, the virgins in the cities of Judah ## +# Women are raped in Zion, and virgins in the cities of Judah -AT; "all the women, young and old, in Jerusalem and in the cities of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases have similar meaning and emphasize that the women are being violated. The missing words may be added. AT: "Women are raped in Zion, and virgins are raped in the cities of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## They hung princes by their own hands ## +# Women are raped ... and virgins -Possible meanings are 1) "With their own hands, they hung princes" or 2) they tied each prince's hands together with one end of a rope and tied the other end so the prince's feet could not touch the ground. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Our enemies have raped the women ... and the virgins" or "Our enemies have violated the women ... and the virgins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Princes are hung up by their own hands + +Possible meanings are 1) the word "their" refers to their enemies. AT: "With their own hands, they hung princes" or 2) they tied each prince's hands together with one end of a rope and tied the other end so the prince's feet could not touch the ground. + +# no honor is shown to the elders + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they have shown no honor to the elders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/13.md b/lam/05/13.md index 8b37462c5e..4d2211a140 100644 --- a/lam/05/13.md +++ b/lam/05/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## vigorous men ## +# Young men are forced -See how you translated this in [Lamentations 1:15](../01/15.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They force young men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the grinding house ## +# boys stagger under heavy loads of wood -the place where slaves would grind grain +The boys are forced to carry the loads of wood. AT: "boys stagger because they are forced to carry heavy loads of wood" or "they force the boys to carry heavy loads of wood which make them stagger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## youthful men ## +# the city gate -men who are still growing strong (see UDB) +This is where the elders would give legal advice, but also where people would meet socially. -## elders ## +# the young men have left their music -men who are no longer "vigorous men" - -## the city gate ## - -where the elders would give legal advice, but also where people would meet socially - -## their music ## - -part of social life at the city gate \ No newline at end of file +Playing music was part of the social life at the city gate. This speaks of the men no longer playing their music as if the act of playing music were a place that they left. AT: "the young men have stopped playing their music" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/15.md b/lam/05/15.md index f57c48fe36..1a87cfc070 100644 --- a/lam/05/15.md +++ b/lam/05/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## The crown has fallen from our head ## +# The joy of our heart -Possible meanings are 1) "We no longer wear flowers on our heads for celebrations" or 2) "We no longer have a king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "heart" refers to the whole person and emphasizes their emotions. AT: "Our joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The crown has fallen from our head + +Possible meanings are 1) "We no longer wear flowers on our heads for celebrations" or 2) The "crown" represents their king and their "head" represents a place of authority over the people. AT: "We no longer have a king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/17.md b/lam/05/17.md index a1b4a23442..d4c4be83cc 100644 --- a/lam/05/17.md +++ b/lam/05/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## our eyes have grown dim ## +# For this our heart has become sick -AT: "we can hardly see because of our tears" +The "heart" represents a person's emotions. This speaks of a person being discouraged as if their emotions were sick. AT: "Because of this we are discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## jackals ## +# for these things our eyes grow dim -See how you translated this in [Lamentations 4:3](../04/03.md). Ruined, deserted places were thought to be inhabited by certain kinds of wild animals, including jackals. \ No newline at end of file +This means that they have a hard time seeing because they are crying. AT: "and we can hardly see because our eyes are full of tears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for Mount Zion lies desolate + +Here "Mount Zion" refers to Jerusalem. The phrase "lies desolate" means that no one lives there. + +# jackals + +These are fierce wild dogs. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 4:3](../04/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/19.md b/lam/05/19.md index 83c945dbd8..6135920372 100644 --- a/lam/05/19.md +++ b/lam/05/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## your throne ## +# sit upon your throne -"your power and authority to rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here sitting on the throne represents ruling as king. AT: "rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## is from generation to generation ## +# from generation to generation -AT: "will always continue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "always" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Why do you forget us forever? Will you forsake us for very, very long? ## +# Why do you forget us forever? Why do you forsake us for so many days? -AT: "It is as though you will forget us forever or not come back to us for a very, very long time!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The author uses these rhetorical questions to express his feelings that Yahweh has forgotten them. These questions can be written as a statement. AT: "It is as though you will forget us forever or not come back to us for a very long time!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Restore our days as of old ## +# Restore us to yourself -AT: "Make our lives good, like they used to be" or "Make us as great as we used to be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Bring us back to yourself" -## unless we truly are rejected and your anger towards us is too great! ## +# Renew our days as they were long ago -Possible meanings are 1) that the writer is afraid that Yahweh might be too angry to restore them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) or 2) that he is saying that Yahweh is too angry to restore them (UDB). +Here "days" represents their lives. AT: "Make our lives good, like they used to be" or "Make us as great as we used to be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## unless we truly are rejected ## +# unless you have utterly rejected us and you are angry with us beyond measure -AT: "unless you truly have rejected us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) that the writer is afraid that Yahweh might be too angry to restore them or 2) that he is saying that Yahweh is too angry to restore them. + +# are angry with us beyond measure + +This speaks of Yahweh being very angry as if his anger cannot be measured. This is an exaggeration. AT: "are extremely angry with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/05/intro.md b/lam/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b5e9b78e34 --- /dev/null +++ b/lam/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Lamentations 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Judah was destroyed for her sin. As slaves, life was very hard. The author wondered if God would be angry forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forever]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Lamentations 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lam/front/intro.md b/lam/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9562a0b87e --- /dev/null +++ b/lam/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +# Introduction to Lamentations # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Lamentations #### + +1. First lament: Jerusalem is captured and has been abandoned by Yahweh and by its people (1:1–22) +1. Second lament: Yahweh caused this destruction because he was angry with Jerusalem (2:1–22) +1. Third lament + - The city sorrows over its destruction (3:1–20) + - There is comfort for those who turn back to Yahweh (3:21–39) + - Judah is learning to return to Yahweh (3:40–54) + - Judah cries out for vengeance upon its enemies (3:55–66) +1. Fourth lament: The terrors of the siege of Jerusalem + - The punishment of Jerusalem was caused by the people's sin (4:1–20) + - This punishment had satisfied Yahweh's wrath for their sin (4:21–22a) + - Edom will be punished also (4:22b) +1. Fifth lament: The broken nation cries out to Yahweh in confession, petition and praise of him (5:1–22) + +#### What is the Book of Lamentations about? #### + +This book expresses grief over the capture of the city of Jerusalem by the Babylonians in about 586 BC. The book is organized into five poems. In them the writer speaks of the people's sin and unfaithfulness to God that led to their destruction. However, he also remembers God's faithfulness for those who turn back to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Lamentations? #### + +The name of the author of Lamentations is not given in the text, but it became traditional to say that the author was Jeremiah. It is fitting that a lament was made over the fall and destruction Jerusalem. +The eyewitness nature of the laments seems to fit closely with the Book of Jeremiah. Certainly the serious and grieving tone of Jeremiah is carried into the Book of Lamentations, and there is nothing to suggest that Jeremiah was not the author. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may call the book "Poems of Sadness." If translators want to keep to the traditional view that the prophet Jeremiah wrote this book, they might decide on a title such as "The Sad Sayings of Jeremiah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Did God abandon Israel? #### + +Jeremiah often uses the imagery of abandonment in Lamentations, but this does not mean that God had completely given up on Israel. He rejected Israel for a period of time as the special place where he would be present. However, God remained faithful to his covenant promises. + +While it was common in the ancient Neat East to think that a god might leave his city, he usually did so because he was too weak to defend it. In Lamentations, Yahweh abandons Jerusalem because of the people's sinfulness, not because of any weakness on his part. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### What is a funeral song? #### + +It is common for cultures to sing songs at a funeral or when someone has died. Depending on the culture, these songs can sound either happy or sad. Lamentations is somewhat reminiscent of a sad song sung at a funeral. Some have said that the rhythm of the poems in Hebrew makes the poems sound as if they are slow or sluggish, like a funeral procession. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What style of writing is Lamentations? #### + +Lamentations is a collection of five poems. These laments may have been sung or chanted by the Jewish exiles living in captivity in Babylon, and also by those Jews who remained in Jerusalem after its conquest. In Chapters 1, 2 and 4, each line of the poem begins with a different Hebrew letter in alphabetical order. The third chapter repeats three lines with the same letter followed by the next three lines beginning with next letter in alphabetical order. + +#### Who are the woman and the man in Lamentations? #### + +The author uses the image of an abandoned woman and a persecuted man to represent Judah and Jerusalem. This is a type of personification used to make the pain more understandable to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/01.md b/lev/01/01.md index 69fe983486..024b552c57 100644 --- a/lev/01/01.md +++ b/lev/01/01.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# from the tent of meeting, saying, "Speak to the people of Israel and tell them, 'When any man + +Here Yahweh begins speaking to Moses. This speech ends in 3:17. This can be translated without the quotation within the quotation. AT: "from the tent of meeting and told Moses to say this to the people of Israel: 'When any man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# When any man from among you + +"When any one of you" or "When any of you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/03.md b/lev/01/03.md index 39ebae36a5..600b83a5f9 100644 --- a/lev/01/03.md +++ b/lev/01/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +# General Information: -## so that it may be accepted before Yahweh ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do so that their sacrifices will be acceptable to Yahweh. -AT: "so that Yahweh will accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# If his offering ... he must offer -## lay his hand on the head ## +Here "his" and "he" refer to the person bringing an offering to Yahweh. It can be translated in the second person as it is in [Leviticus 1:2](./01.md). AT: "If your offering ... you must offer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -This is a sign of dedicating the animal to God. +# so that it may be accepted before Yahweh -## then it will be accepted on his behalf to make atonement for himself ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that Yahweh will accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "then Yahweh will accept it in his place and forgive his sins" \ No newline at end of file +# lay his hand on the head + +This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself through the animal to Yahweh, so that God will forgive the person's sins when they kill the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# then it will be accepted on his behalf to make atonement for himself + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "then Yahweh will accept it in his place and forgive his sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/05.md b/lev/01/05.md index 043edf0847..e9626a8ceb 100644 --- a/lev/01/05.md +++ b/lev/01/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## then he must kill the bull ## +# Then he must kill the bull -Here "he" refers to the one making the offering. +Here "he" refers to the one making the offering. It can be stated in second person. AT: "Then you must kill the bull" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## before Yahweh ## +# before Yahweh -This means beside the altar in front of the tent of meeting. +"in the presence of Yahweh" -## then he must skin ## +# will present the blood + +It is implied that the priests would catch the blood in a bowl as it drained out of the animal. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then he must skin the burnt offering and cut it to pieces + +As indicated in 1:9, the person must also wash the inner parts and the legs of the animal with water. The person would do this before giving the pieces to the priests so they could place them on the altar. As in the UDB, you can state here the instructions to was the inner parts and legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# Then he must skin Here "he" refers to the one making the offering. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/07.md b/lev/01/07.md index db29d09b22..f8a5bcc08e 100644 --- a/lev/01/07.md +++ b/lev/01/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +# General Information: -## to feed the fire ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do so their offerings will be acceptable to him. -AT: "to keep the fire burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# will put fire on the altar and place wood to feed the fire -## he must wash ## +This may mean that the priests placed hot coals on the altar, then placed the wood on the coals. Or you may need to reorder this as in the UDB. AT: "will put wood on the altar and light a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# to feed the fire + +This is an idiom that means to keep putting wood in the fire. Translate this idiom so it is understood that the fire on the altar must be kept burning. AT: "to keep the fire burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# But its inner parts and its legs he must wash with water + +The person would do this before giving the pieces to the priests to place on the altar. You can state this at the end of [Leviticus 1:6](./05.md). + +# inner parts + +This is the stomach and intestines. + +# he must wash Here "he" refers to the one making the offering. -## an offering made to me by fire ## +# It will produce a sweet aroma for me -AT: "a burnt offering to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper offering the sacrifice is spoken of as if Yahweh were pleased by the aroma of the burning sacrifice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# an offering made to me by fire + +Yahweh is telling Moses that the offerings are to be burnt with fire. This can be stated in active form. AT: "a burnt offering to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/10.md b/lev/01/10.md index a182ac55e5..63a5feb995 100644 --- a/lev/01/10.md +++ b/lev/01/10.md @@ -1,2 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file + +# before Yahweh + +"in the presence of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/12.md b/lev/01/12.md index d1cd0a7a80..cd1b37340c 100644 --- a/lev/01/12.md +++ b/lev/01/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## Then he must cut...made to him by fire ## +# Then he must cut ... made to him by fire -For 1:12-13 see how you translated many of these words in [Leviticus 1:7](./07.md). +For 1:12-13 see how you translated many of these words in [Leviticus 1:7-9](./07.md). -## it will be an offering made to him by fire ## +# Then he must cut it -AT: "it will be a burnt offering to me" or "it will be a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "he" refers to the person offering the sacrifice. It can be stated in second person. AT: "Then you must cut it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Then the priest will offer the whole, and burn it on the altar + +"Then the priest will burn everything on the altar" + +# it will produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will be an offering made to him by fire + +Yahweh tells Moses that the priests must burn their offerings with fire. This can be translated in active form. AT: "it will be a burnt offering to me" or "it will be a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/14.md b/lev/01/14.md index 27d5759258..296725cd56 100644 --- a/lev/01/14.md +++ b/lev/01/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## wring off its head ## +# wring off its head "twist off its head" -## then its blood must be drained out ## +# Then its blood must be drained out -AT: "then the priest must drain its blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Then the priest must drain its blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/16.md b/lev/01/16.md index f2fdc9f847..3e38015abf 100644 --- a/lev/01/16.md +++ b/lev/01/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## He must ## +# He must "The priest must" -## its crop with its contents ## +# its crop with its contents -that part of the throat where pre-digested food is stored +A crop is a pouch in the bird's throat where pre-digested food is stored. -## and throw it beside the altar ## +# throw it beside the altar -Here 'it' refers to the crop and its contents. +Here "it" refers to the crop and its contents. -## it will be an offering made to him by fire ## +# it will produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh -AT: "it will be a burnt offering to me" or "it will be a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will be an offering made to him by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will be a burnt offering to me" or "it will be a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/intro.md b/lev/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..883acc8ef4 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Leviticus 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +In Hebrew, this chapter begins with the word "and" indicating a connection with the previous book (Exodus). The first five books of the Bible should be seen as a single unit. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Atonement ##### +In order to offer a sacrifice for the people, the priest first had to make an atonement for himself, in order to make himself clean. Only then would he be clean and be allowed to perform a sacrifice. These sacrificed animals had to be perfect, the best of all of the animals. A person was not allowed to bring an inferior animal to be sacrificed to Yahweh. These sacrifices also had to be offered in a very specific way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Leviticus intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/02/01.md b/lev/02/01.md index ea83da4478..0c53802d72 100644 --- a/lev/02/01.md +++ b/lev/02/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## He is to take ## +# be fine flour + +"be the finest flour" or "be the best flour" + +# flour + +a powder made from wheat + +# He is to take "He must take" -## it will be an offering made to him by fire ## +# take out a handful -AT: "it will be an burnt offering to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"take out what he can hold in his hand" + +# a representative offering + +The handful of the grain offering represents the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. + +# It will produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will be an offering made to him by fire + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "it will be a burnt offering to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/02/04.md b/lev/02/04.md index 771cab8328..07cda9bde7 100644 --- a/lev/02/04.md +++ b/lev/02/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +# General Information: -## that is baked in an oven ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people and priests must do so their offerings will be acceptable to him. -AT: "that you baked in an oven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# that is baked in an oven -## which is spread with oil ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you baked in an oven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "with oil on the bread" +# oven -## If your grain offering is baked with a flat iron pan ## +This was probably a hollow object made of clay. A fire was lit under the oven, and the heat would bake the dough inside of the oven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -AT: "If you bake your grain offering in a flat iron pan" \ No newline at end of file +# soft bread of fine flour + +It is understood that the soft bread contained no yeast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# which is spread with oil + +Translate this phrase to indicate that the oil is to be spread onto the bread. AT: "with oil on the bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If your grain offering is baked with a flat iron pan + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If you bake your grain offering in a flat iron pan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a flat iron pan + +This is a thick plate made of either clay or metal. The plate was placed over a fire, and the dough cooked on top of the plate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/02/06.md b/lev/02/06.md index 8730d5d2f0..2b9c6faa4d 100644 --- a/lev/02/06.md +++ b/lev/02/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +# General Information: -## If your grain offering is cooked ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do so their offerings will be acceptable to him. -AT: "If you cook your grain offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# to divide it -## it must be made ## +Here "it" refers to the grain offering cooked on a flat iron pan. -AT: "you must make it" \ No newline at end of file +# If your grain offering is cooked + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If you cook your grain offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in a pan + +A pan is a metal plate with rounded edges. The dough was placed in the pan and cooked over a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# it must be made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must make it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/02/08.md b/lev/02/08.md index 508c291412..e020661dfa 100644 --- a/lev/02/08.md +++ b/lev/02/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +# General Information: -## made from these things ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do so their offerings will be acceptable to him. -AT: "that you made from the flour and oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# made from these things -## it will be presented ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you made from the flour and oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "you will present it" +# it will be presented -## Then the priest...made by fire ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will present it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -For 2:9-10 see how you translated many of these words in [Leviticus 2:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +# Then the priest ... made by fire + +For 2:9-10 see how you translated many of these words in [Leviticus 2:2-3](./01.md). + +# a representative offering + +The handful of the grain offering represents the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:2](./01.md). + +# It will be an offering made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It will be a burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the offerings to Yahweh made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "from the burnt offerings to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/02/11.md b/lev/02/11.md index 7ba1babeea..72dff62c0e 100644 --- a/lev/02/11.md +++ b/lev/02/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +# General Information: -## No grain offering that you offer to Yahweh is to be made with yeast ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do so that their offerings will be acceptable to him. -AT: "Do not use yeast in a grain offering that you offer to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# No grain offering that you offer to Yahweh is to be made with yeast -## as an offering made by fire ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not use yeast in a grain offering that you offer to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "as a burnt offering" +# as an offering made by fire -## You will offer them ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as a burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"You will offer the grain offering" \ No newline at end of file +# You will offer them + +"You will offer the grain offerings made with leaven or honey" + +# they will not be used to produce a sweet aroma on the altar + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will not use them to produce a sweet aroma on the altar" or "you will not burn them on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the salt of the covenant of your God + +It is implied that the salt is a symbol that represents the covenant with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/02/14.md b/lev/02/14.md index b5450fc4fe..789fb000fb 100644 --- a/lev/02/14.md +++ b/lev/02/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +# General Information: -## that is roasted with fire ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do so their offerings will be acceptable to him. -AT: "that you have cooked over a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# that is roasted with fire and then crushed -## to gratefully think about Yahweh's goodness. This is an offering made by fire to Yahweh ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you have cooked over a fire and then crushed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +# a representative offering + +The handful of the grain offering represents the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:2](./01.md). + +# This is an offering made by fire to Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/02/intro.md b/lev/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a2a6915ccb --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Leviticus 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter gives instructions about how to make a grain offering. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yeast ##### +Yeast is connected to the events of the Passover. Any prohibition of yeast may be connected to the original Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/03/01.md b/lev/03/01.md index fba731a836..5b168c8067 100644 --- a/lev/03/01.md +++ b/lev/03/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues telling the people what Yahweh wants them to do. -## lay his hand on the head ## +# before Yahweh -"placed his hand upon the head" This is a sign of dedicating the animal to God. +"in the presence of Yahweh" or "to Yahweh" -## before Yahweh ## +# lay his hand on the head -"unto Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Aaron's sons the priests will sprinkle its blood + +It is implied that before they sprinkle the blood, they catch blood in a bowl as the it drains from the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/03/03.md b/lev/03/03.md index c7a324fb10..0bbbd7239a 100644 --- a/lev/03/03.md +++ b/lev/03/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## inner parts ## +# inner parts -This refers to the inner body organs. +This is the stomach and intestines. -## by the loins ## +# by the loins -This is the area near the tail. +This is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone. -## the lobe of the liver ## +# the lobe of the liver -This is the curved or rounded part of the liver. \ No newline at end of file +This is the curved or rounded part of the liver. This is considered the best part of the liver to eat. AT: "the best part of the liver" + +# This will produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will be an offering made to him by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will be a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/03/06.md b/lev/03/06.md index 33e4ec51fc..cecf75468e 100644 --- a/lev/03/06.md +++ b/lev/03/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## lay his hand on the head ## +# offer it before Yahweh -See how you translated this phrase in v. 3: 2. This is a sign of dedicating the animal to God. \ No newline at end of file +"offer it in the presence of Yahweh" or "offer it to Yahweh" + +# lay his hand on the head + +This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Aaron's sons will sprinkle its blood + +It is implied that before they sprinkle the blood, they catch the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/03/09.md b/lev/03/09.md index 184ec42acd..8882f5ee5e 100644 --- a/lev/03/09.md +++ b/lev/03/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## as an offering made by fire ## +# as an offering made by fire -"as a burnt offering" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as a burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## inner parts...kidneys...loins...lobe of the liver ## +# The fat, the entire fat ... the kidneys—he will remove all of this -See how you translated these in [Leviticus 3:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +The statement "he will remove all of this" can be placed at the beginning of the sentence. AT: "He will remove the fat, the entire fat ... the kidneys" + +# inner parts + +This is the stomach and intestines. + +# that is near the inner parts, and the two kidneys + +A new sentence can start here. AT: "that is near the inner parts. He must remove the kidneys" + +# by the loins + +This is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone. + +# the lobe of the liver + +This is the curved or rounded part of the liver. This is considered the best part of the liver to eat. AT: "the best part of the liver" + +# will burn it all on the altar as a burnt offering of food to Yahweh + +Translate this in a way that makes it clear that Yahweh does not actually eat the food. AT: "will burn those things on the altar as an offering to Yahweh. Those things will come from your food supplies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/03/12.md b/lev/03/12.md index 33e4ec51fc..4d5a09b3a0 100644 --- a/lev/03/12.md +++ b/lev/03/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## lay his hand on the head ## +# before Yahweh -See how you translated this phrase in v. 3: 2. This is a sign of dedicating the animal to God. \ No newline at end of file +"in the presence of Yahweh" or "to Yahweh" + +# lay his hand on the head + +This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the sons of Aaron will sprinkle its blood + +It is implied that before they sprinkle the blood, they catch the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will offer his sacrifice made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will offer his sacrifice by fire" or "will burn his sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/03/15.md b/lev/03/15.md index 429d880f67..b9619d75f8 100644 --- a/lev/03/15.md +++ b/lev/03/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## He will also ## +# He will also -"The man making the sacrifice will also" +Here "He" refers to the person offering the sacrifice. -## loins...lobe of the liver...kidneys ## +# will burn all that on the altar as a burnt offering of food -See how you translated these in [Leviticus 3:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +Translate this in a way that it does not seem like Yahweh actually eats the food. AT: "will burn those things on the altar to be an offering to Yahweh. It will be as though they are food given to Yahweh" + +# to produce a sweet aroma + +Yahweh is pleased with the aroma of burning meat when he is pleased with the worshiper's sincerity. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It will be a permanent statute throughout your people's generations + +This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. + +# or blood + +"or consume blood" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/03/intro.md b/lev/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4643aee58b --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Leviticus 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter gives instructions about how to offer a fellowship offering. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fat ##### +The fat of the animal was considered the best part of the animal to eat. Therefore, this belonged to Yahweh. This is why the Israelites were not allowed to consume it. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/01.md b/lev/04/01.md index e78e57d0da..5962a231d3 100644 --- a/lev/04/01.md +++ b/lev/04/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## if he does something that is prohibited ## +# Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, "Tell the people of Israel, 'When anyone sins -AT: "if he does something that Yahweh does not allow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Yahweh spoke to Moses and told him to tell the people of Israel this: 'When anyone sins" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## the following must be done ## +# that Yahweh has commanded not to be done -AT: "he must do the following" (See: Active - Passive) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Yahweh has commanded the people not to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if he does something that is prohibited + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "if he does something that Yahweh does not allow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the following must be done + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "he must do the following" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# so as to bring guilt on the people + +The abstract noun "guilt" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "so as to cause the people to be guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/04.md b/lev/04/04.md index 8f3ad52dfd..ff1a4b78b3 100644 --- a/lev/04/04.md +++ b/lev/04/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. -## He must bring the bull ## +# He must bring the bull "The high priest must bring the bull" -## lay his hand on its head ## +# lay his hand on its head -See how you translated this in v. 3: 2. This is a sign of dedicating the animal to God. \ No newline at end of file +This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# The anointed priest will take some of the blood + +It is implied that the priest catches the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/06.md b/lev/04/06.md index d0e340bef0..248829a912 100644 --- a/lev/04/06.md +++ b/lev/04/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## sprinkle ## +# sprinkle some of it -"drip" or "splatter" +"drip some of it" or "splatter some of it" -## horns of the altar ## +# horns of the altar -This refers to the corners of the altar which are shaped like the horns of an ox. +This refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. AT: "the projections at the corners of the altar" -## pour out ## +# pour out -"emptied out the blood" or "let the blood run out" +"empty out the rest of the blood" -## at the base of the altar ## +# at the base of the altar "at the bottom of the altar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/08.md b/lev/04/08.md index b757f4bdf7..62cc600abc 100644 --- a/lev/04/08.md +++ b/lev/04/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## He will cut away ## +# He will cut away "The priest will cut away" -## the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the lobe of the liver, with the kidneys—he will cut away all this ## +# the fat that covers the inner parts ... with the kidneys—he will cut away all this -See how you translated many of these words in [Leviticus 3:3](../03/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +The statement "he will cut away all this" can be placed at the beginning of the sentence. AT: "He will cut away the fat that covers the inner parts ... with the kidneys" + +# inner parts + +This is the stomach and intestines. + +# by the loins + +This is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone. + +# the lobe of the liver + +This is the curved or rounded part of the liver. This is considered the best part of the liver to eat. AT: "the best part of the liver" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/11.md b/lev/04/11.md index 752ca47082..4de281d5b7 100644 --- a/lev/04/11.md +++ b/lev/04/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## he will carry ## +# The skin ... the parts of the bull—he will carry all these parts outside -"the priest will carry" +The statement "he will carry all these parts" can be placed at the beginning of the sentence. AT: "The priest will carry the skin ... the parts of the bull outside" -## they have cleansed for me ## +# a place that they have cleansed for me -Here "they" refers to the priests and "me" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +A place being ritually pure and suitable to use for serving God is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they have cleansed for me + +Here "they" refers to the priests, and "me" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/13.md b/lev/04/13.md index 1e7c9c68e8..51ff4bce1b 100644 --- a/lev/04/13.md +++ b/lev/04/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## is unaware ## +# is unaware "does not know" -## commanded not to be done ## +# commanded not to be done -AT: "commanded them not to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "commanded them not to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## when the sin they have committed becomes known ## +# if they are guilty -AT: "when they realize that they have sinned" +"they are guilty" or "they deserve for God to punish them" -## the bull will be killed ## +# when the sin they have committed becomes known -AT: "and they will kill the bull" (See: Active - Passive) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when they realize that they have sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will lay their hands on the head + +This is a symbolic action that identifies the people with the animal they are offering. In this way the people are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the bull will be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and they will kill the bull" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/16.md b/lev/04/16.md index a182ac55e5..6ed3ace860 100644 --- a/lev/04/16.md +++ b/lev/04/16.md @@ -1,2 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file + +# The anointed priest will bring some of the blood + +It is implied that the priest caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained from the bull. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# before the curtain + +It is implied that this is the curtain before the most holy place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/18.md b/lev/04/18.md index a5e642e498..46d36bd657 100644 --- a/lev/04/18.md +++ b/lev/04/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## He will put ## +# He will put "The priest will put" -## the horns of the altar ## +# horns of the altar -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](./06.md). + +# he will pour out all the blood + +"he will pour out the rest of the blood" + +# all the fat from it and burn it + +"all the fat from the bull and burn the fat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/20.md b/lev/04/20.md index dcb9f6b6e5..613fd229ff 100644 --- a/lev/04/20.md +++ b/lev/04/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## he must do ## +# he must do "the priest must do" -## they will be forgiven ## +# the priest will make atonement for the people -AT: "Yahweh will forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the priest will atone for the people's sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they will be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/22.md b/lev/04/22.md index c3ed96f857..81cbb60f05 100644 --- a/lev/04/22.md +++ b/lev/04/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## God has commanded not to be done ## +# God has commanded not to be done -AT: "God has commanded the people not to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has commanded the people not to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## then if his sin which he has committed is made known to him ## +# then his sin which he has committed is made known to him -AT: "then if he realizes that he has sinned" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "then he realizes that he has sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/24.md b/lev/04/24.md index 94c56b5ced..fc16c9f99f 100644 --- a/lev/04/24.md +++ b/lev/04/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## He will lay ## +# He will lay "The ruler will lay" -## where they kill ## +# lay his hand on the head + +This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# where they kill "where the priests kill" -## the horns of the altar ## +# before Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file +"in the presence of Yahweh" or "to Yahweh" + +# The priest will take the blood + +It is implied that the priest will catch the blood in a bowl as the blood drains from the goat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# horns of the altar + +This refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/26.md b/lev/04/26.md index d1fe1e229d..8584995e93 100644 --- a/lev/04/26.md +++ b/lev/04/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He will burn ## +# He will burn "The priest will burn" -## the ruler will be forgiven ## +# The priest will make atonement for the ruler -AT: "God will forgive the ruler's sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "The priest will atone for the ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the ruler will be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive the ruler's sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/27.md b/lev/04/27.md index b98b14278a..f7236e7fc8 100644 --- a/lev/04/27.md +++ b/lev/04/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Yahweh has commanded not to be done ## +# Yahweh has commanded him not to be done -AT: "Yahweh commanded the people not to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +All of the people of Israel were commanded not to sin. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh commanded the people not to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his sin which he has committed is made known to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he becomes aware of the sin he committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/29.md b/lev/04/29.md index 007b17b9a3..c80f7c419c 100644 --- a/lev/04/29.md +++ b/lev/04/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## He will lay ## +# lay his hand on the head -"The man will lay" +This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## the horns of the altar ## +# The priest will take some of the blood -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:6](./06.md). +It is implied that the priest will catch the blood in a bowl as the blood drains from the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## all the rest of the blood ## +# horns of the altar + +This refers to the corners of the altar, which are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](./06.md). + +# all the rest of the blood "all the blood remaining in the bowl" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/31.md b/lev/04/31.md index acc907916f..cb377c7c31 100644 --- a/lev/04/31.md +++ b/lev/04/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## He will cut ## +# He will cut away -"The priest will cut" +Here "He" refers to the person offering the sacrifice. -## to produce a sweet aroma ## +# just as the fat is cut away -"to make a sweet aroma" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as a person cuts away the fat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## his sins will be forgiven ## +# will burn it -AT: "Yahweh will forgive his sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"will burn the fat" + +# to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The priest will make atonement for the man + +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "The priest will atone for the man's sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he will be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive the man's sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/32.md b/lev/04/32.md index 5443103bd7..ba37c250d4 100644 --- a/lev/04/32.md +++ b/lev/04/32.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## where they kill ## +# lay his hand on the head + +This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# where they kill "where the priests kill" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/34.md b/lev/04/34.md index 5ca7abe946..d4e1b47469 100644 --- a/lev/04/34.md +++ b/lev/04/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## the horns of the altar ## +# horns of the altar -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:6](./06.md). +This refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](./06.md). -## just as the fat of the lamb is cut away ## +# he will pour out all its blood -AT: "just as he cut away the fat of the lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"he will pour out the rest of its blood" -## offerings of Yahweh made by fire ## +# He will cut away -AT: "burnt offerings for Yahweh" +Here "He" refers to the person offering the sacrifice. -## the man will be forgiven ## +# just as the fat of the lamb is cut away -AT: "God will forgive the man's sins" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as a person cuts away the fat of the lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the priest will burn it + +"the priest will burn the fat" + +# offerings of Yahweh made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "burnt offerings for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will make atonement for him for the sin he has committed + +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "will atone for the sin the person committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the man will be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive the man's sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/04/intro.md b/lev/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..64e797fc2d --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Leviticus 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter gives instructions on how to offer a sacrifice for unintentional sins. This is known as a sin offering. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Unintentional sins ##### +Many scholars have taken special note that all of the sacrifices concern sins that are unintentional and that no provision is offered for sins intentionally committed. Many have suggested that it is only the sacrifice of Jesus' life that can be offered for these sins. Many also believe that this offering parallels the sacrifice of Jesus. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/01.md b/lev/05/01.md index 84bf83447e..7d1511337a 100644 --- a/lev/05/01.md +++ b/lev/05/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## something about which he is required to testify ## +# something about which he is required to testify -AT: "something about which a judge has required him to testify" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Jewish law and leaders both required the people to testify if they were witnesses to a crime. This can be stated in active form. AT: "something about which a judge has required him to testify" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the carcass ## +# God has designated as unclean -"the dead body" \ No newline at end of file +Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the carcass + +"the dead body" + +# he is unclean + +A person who is unacceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/03.md b/lev/05/03.md index d55804c785..63c31933a6 100644 --- a/lev/05/03.md +++ b/lev/05/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## he is unaware of it ## +# if he touches the uncleanness of someone, whatever that uncleanness is + +The abstract noun "uncleanness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "if he touches anything that makes a person unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the uncleanness + +Something that Yahweh has declared unfit for a person to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he is unaware of it "he does not realize it" or "he does not know about it" -## with his lips ## +# if anyone swears rashly with his lips -AT: "while speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "lips" represents the whole person. AT: "if anyone swears rashly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# if anyone swears rashly + +This means to swear an oath without thinking seriously about it. It implies that after the person swears the oath that he either cannot fulfill it or he does not really want to fulfill it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/05.md b/lev/05/05.md index a182ac55e5..31e0395e4d 100644 --- a/lev/05/05.md +++ b/lev/05/05.md @@ -1,2 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -There are no translation notes for this chunk \ No newline at end of file + +# the priest will make atonement for him + +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the priest will atone for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/07.md b/lev/05/07.md index 48f11bbd70..9f56c6bd32 100644 --- a/lev/05/07.md +++ b/lev/05/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## If he cannot afford to buy a lamb ## +# If he cannot afford to buy a lamb "If he does not have enough money to buy a lamb" -## he will wring off its head ## +# he will wring off its head from its neck but will not remove it -See how this was translated in [Leviticus 1:14](../01/14.md). \ No newline at end of file +"he will kill it by twisting its head and breaking its neck, but he will not remove the head" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/10.md b/lev/05/10.md index 2a85546c6e..c16dfe6cf4 100644 --- a/lev/05/10.md +++ b/lev/05/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## as described in the instructions ## +# as described in the instructions -AT: "as Yahweh has instructed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh has instructed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the person will be forgiven ## +# the priest will make atonement for him for the sin that he has committed -AT: "Yahweh will forgive the person" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the priest will atone for the sin that the person committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the person will be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive the person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/11.md b/lev/05/11.md index 8f89569d74..2c77d550e2 100644 --- a/lev/05/11.md +++ b/lev/05/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## a tenth of an ephah ## +# a tenth of an ephah -This is about 2 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +An ephah is 22 liters. A tenth of an ephah is about two liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a tenth + +This is one part out of ten equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/12.md b/lev/05/12.md index 0736466bad..c869325626 100644 --- a/lev/05/12.md +++ b/lev/05/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the priest will take a handful of it ## +# He must bring it -This refers to the portion the priests were allowed to take for themselves. +"He must bring the fine flour" -## to gratefully think about Yahweh's goodness ## +# a representative offering -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:1](../02/01.md). +The handful that the priest burns on the altar represents the entire offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:2](../02/01.md). -## on top of the offerings of Yahweh made by fire ## +# on top of the offerings made by fire for Yahweh -AT: "on top of the burnt offerings to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "on top of the burnt offerings to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that person will be forgiven ## +# will make atonement -AT: "God will forgive that person's sins." \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "will atone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# that person will be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive that person's sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/14.md b/lev/05/14.md index cdbe56e7d9..e1c206bd0c 100644 --- a/lev/05/14.md +++ b/lev/05/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## that is required by Yahweh ## +# sins against the things that belong to Yahweh -AT: "that Yahweh requires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This means the person sinned by not giving to Yahweh what Yahweh commanded him to give. AT: "sins by failing to give to Yahweh what belongs to Yahweh" -## if he is at first not aware ## +# its value must be appraised in silver shekels -"if at first he does not realize" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he must determine how many shekels the ram is worth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## shekel ## +# shekels -This is about 11 grams in weight. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +A shekel is about 11 grams in weight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## that person will be forgiven ## +# the shekel of the sanctuary -AT: "Yahweh will forgive that person" \ No newline at end of file +This probably means there were at least two ways of measuring a shekel. This refers to how the priests of the sanctuary weigh a shekel. AT: "the official standard in the sacred tent" + +# the sanctuary + +This is another name for the holy tent. + +# he must add one-fifth + +This means the person must pay an extra one-fifth of the value of what he owes to Yahweh. + +# one-fifth + +This is one part out of five equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# the priest will make atonement for him + +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the priest will atone for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# that person will be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/17.md b/lev/05/17.md index 0ff875bdb1..1b2d90ad7d 100644 --- a/lev/05/17.md +++ b/lev/05/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## has commanded not to be done ## +# has commanded not to be done -AT: "has commanded the people not to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "has commanded the people not to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and must carry his own guilt ## +# must carry his own guilt -"and he is responsible for his own guilt" or "and Yahweh will punish him for his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +A person's guilt is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. Here the word "guilt" represents the punishment for that guilt. AT: "he is responsible for his own guilt" or "Yahweh will punish him for his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he will be forgiven ## +# worth the current value -AT: "Yahweh will forgive him" \ No newline at end of file +This means the person must determine how many shekels the ram is worth by using the official standard of the sacred tent. See [Leviticus 5:15](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# he will be forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he is certainly guilty before Yahweh + +"Yahweh certainly considers him guilty" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/05/intro.md b/lev/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2381b5bda9 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Leviticus 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter gives instructions about how to offer a specific type of sacrifice. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Not testifying ##### +If a person saw a crime, or a wrong being done, they were required to be a witness about what they saw or heard. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]]) + +##### Sacrifices for the poor ##### +This chapter explains that poor people were allowed to offer less expensive sacrifices if they could not afford more costly sacrifices. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/01.md b/lev/06/01.md index c5717b5a55..f555e12b5f 100644 --- a/lev/06/01.md +++ b/lev/06/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## breaks a command against Yahweh ## +# breaks a command against Yahweh "disobeys one of Yahweh's commandments" -## dealing falsely with his neighbor regarding something entrusted to him ## +# dealing falsely with his neighbor regarding something entrusted to him -"lying to his neighbor about something the neighbor let him borrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "lying to his neighbor about something the neighbor let him borrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his neighbor + +Here "neighbor" means any Israelite, not just someone who lives nearby. + +# taking what was entrusted to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "not returning something he borrowed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/05.md b/lev/06/05.md index 45bba4dc6e..6a2950d692 100644 --- a/lev/06/05.md +++ b/lev/06/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## in full ## +# in full "fully" or "totally" -## add one fifth ## +# add one-fifth -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 5:14](../05/14.md). +This means the person must return what he owes to someone and pay an extra one-fifth of the value. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 5:16](../05/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -## to pay him to whom it is owed ## +# to pay him to whom it is owed -AT: "to pay the person he owes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "to pay the person he owes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he is found guilty ## +# he is found guilty -AT: "the judge declares him guilty" +The person who stole is to be brought before the judge and be declared guilty. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the judge declares him guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he will be forgiven ## +# worth the current value -AT: "God will forgive him" \ No newline at end of file +This means the person must determine how many shekels the ram is worth by using the official standard of the sacred tent. You can make clear the understood information. See how this was translated in [Leviticus 5:15](../05/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# The priest will make atonement for him + +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "The priest will atone for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# before Yahweh + +"in the presence of Yahweh" + +# he will be forgiven + +This means Yahweh will forgive the person, not the priest. This can be translated in active form. AT: "God will forgive him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/08.md b/lev/06/08.md index 9765ff1e89..ec26649b25 100644 --- a/lev/06/08.md +++ b/lev/06/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## must be on the hearth of the altar ## +# Then Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, "Command Aaron and his sons, saying, 'This is the law + +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Then Yahweh spoke to Moses and told him to command Aaron and his sons, saying, 'This is the law" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# must be on the hearth of the altar "must be on top of the altar" -## the fire of the altar will be kept burning ## +# the fire of the altar will be kept burning -AT: "you must keep the fire of the altar burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must keep the fire of the altar burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/10.md b/lev/06/10.md index 6cbd3bc6d0..d72b95df53 100644 --- a/lev/06/10.md +++ b/lev/06/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## He will pick up the ashes ## +# his linen clothes -"He will gather the ashes" \ No newline at end of file +Linen is a white cloth. AT: "his white clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# He will pick up the ashes + +"He will gather the ashes" + +# after the fire has consumed the burnt offering + +The fire completely burning up the offering is spoken of as if it consumed or used up the burnt offering. + +# to a place that is clean + +A place that is fit to be used for God's purposes is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/12.md b/lev/06/12.md index 99de70f281..09103fde74 100644 --- a/lev/06/12.md +++ b/lev/06/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## The fire on the altar will be kept burning ## +# The fire on the altar will be kept burning -AT: "The priest will keep the fire on the altar burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The priest will keep the fire on the altar burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## as required ## +# as required on it -AT: "as God demands" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "on it as Yahweh demands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/14.md b/lev/06/14.md index d6581d0e04..1818f3118b 100644 --- a/lev/06/14.md +++ b/lev/06/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## to gratefully think about Yahweh's goodness ## +# to produce a sweet aroma -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:1](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a representative offering + +The handful of the grain offering represents the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:2](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/16.md b/lev/06/16.md index b91af35bc7..1a93ecf60e 100644 --- a/lev/06/16.md +++ b/lev/06/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## it must be eaten ## +# It must be eaten -AT: "They must eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "They must eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## It must not be baked with yeast ## +# It must not be baked with yeast -AT: "Do not bake it with yeast" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Do not bake it with yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## offerings made by fire ## +# offerings made by fire -AT: "burnt offerings" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "burnt offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Whoever touches them will become holy + +This is an implied warning that those who are not male descendants of Aaron should not touch this offering. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/19.md b/lev/06/19.md index 372765234f..dea3be42ba 100644 --- a/lev/06/19.md +++ b/lev/06/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## when each son is anointed ## +# when each son is anointed -"when he anoints each son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +It is implied that they will be anointed when they become priests. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "when he anoints each son, ordaining them as priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## a tenth part of an ephah ## +# a tenth part of an ephah -"two liters" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) \ No newline at end of file +An ephah is 22 liters. One-tenth of an ephah is about 2 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a tenth + +This is one part of ten equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/21.md b/lev/06/21.md index 5046c06bda..39ef84d5ac 100644 --- a/lev/06/21.md +++ b/lev/06/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## It will be made ## +# It will be made -"You will make it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You will make it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## when it is soaked ## +# in a baking pan -"when the flour is completely wet with oil" +This is a thick plate made of either clay or metal. The plate was placed over a fire, and the dough cooked on top of the plate. See how you translated "flat iron pan" in [Leviticus 2:5](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## You will bring it in ## +# When it is soaked -Here "you" refers to Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"When the flour is completely wet with oil" -## As commanded ## +# you will bring it in -AT: "As God has commanded you" \ No newline at end of file +Here "you" refers to the person offering the sacrifice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# As commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "As Yahweh has commanded you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all of it shall be burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he must burn all of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be completely burned up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he must burn it up completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It must not be eaten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one must eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/24.md b/lev/06/24.md index 88e42f5381..bd95c61ebd 100644 --- a/lev/06/24.md +++ b/lev/06/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## The sin offering must be killed ## +# Yahweh spoke to Moses again, saying, "Speak to Aaron and to his sons, saying, 'This is the law -"You must kill the sin offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Yahweh spoke to Moses again and told him to speak to Aaron and his sons, saying, 'This is the law" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## where the burnt offering is killed ## +# Speak to Aaron and to his sons -"where they kill the animal for the burnt offering" +Yahweh is speaking to Aaron and his sons, but these regulations apply to all priest who perform these sacrifices. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## before Yahweh ## +# The sin offering must be killed at ... before Yahweh + +It can be made explicit that this refers to the north side of the altar. See [Leviticus 1:10-11](../01/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The sin offering must be killed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You must kill the sin offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# where the burnt offering is killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where you kill the animal for the burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# before Yahweh "to Yahweh" -## It must be eaten ## +# It must be eaten -AT: "The priest must eat it" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He must eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/27.md b/lev/06/27.md index ecf477220f..57619a2ead 100644 --- a/lev/06/27.md +++ b/lev/06/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## if the blood is splashed on ## +# Whatever touches its meat will become holy -AT: "if the blood splashes on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an implied warning that no one besides the priests should touch the meat of the sin offering. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# if the blood is sprinkled on + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "if the blood sprinkles on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the clay pot in which it is boiled must be broken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must break the clay pot in which you boiled the meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If it is boiled in a bronze pot, it must be scrubbed and rinsed clean in water + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If you boiled the meat in a bronze pot, then you must scrub the pot and rinse it with clean water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/29.md b/lev/06/29.md index f1d17e0571..cc97b731aa 100644 --- a/lev/06/29.md +++ b/lev/06/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## no sin offering must be eaten ## +# But any sin offering ... must not be eaten -"no one may eat the sin offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "But no one may eat any sin offering whose blood is brought into the tent of meeting to make atonement in the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## from which any blood is brought into the tent of meeting ## +# whose blood is brought into the tent of meeting -AT: "from which the priest takes the blood into the tent of meeting" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "from which the priest takes the blood into the tent of meeting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It must be burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The priest must burn it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/06/intro.md b/lev/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..467706b7f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Leviticus 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter gives instructions on how to offer guilt offerings, burnt offerings, and grain offerings. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Eating sacrifices ##### +The Levites were allowed to eat some of the leftover parts of the sacrifice, while they were not allowed to eat other sacrifices. The reasons for this is unknown. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/01.md b/lev/07/01.md index 5e992a0174..842933f0fd 100644 --- a/lev/07/01.md +++ b/lev/07/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Moses continues telling the people what Yahweh commands them to do. +# General Information: -## All the fat in it will be offered ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses what he must tell Aaron and his sons. -AT: "The priest must offer all the fat in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# in the place for killing it -## kidneys...loins...liver ## +It can be made explicit that this refers to place where the animals for the burnt offerings are killed. See [Leviticus 1:10-11](../01/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:3](../03/03.md). +# All the fat in it will be offered -## all this must be removed ## +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The priest must offer all the fat in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "The priest must remove all this" \ No newline at end of file +# inner parts + +This is the stomach and intestines. + +# liver ... kidneys + +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:4](../03/03.md). + +# next to the loins + +This is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 3:4](../03/03.md). + +# all this must be removed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the priest must remove all this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/05.md b/lev/07/05.md index 18cd1636c9..65503465b4 100644 --- a/lev/07/05.md +++ b/lev/07/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## as an offering made with fire ## +# as an offering made with fire -AT: "as a burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as a burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## It must be eaten ## +# It must be eaten -AT: "They must eat it" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They must eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/07.md b/lev/07/07.md index 9e5926938b..cbb3042050 100644 --- a/lev/07/07.md +++ b/lev/07/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## The same law applies for both of them ## +# The same law applies to both of them "The law is the same for both of them" -## hide ## +# to the priest who makes atonement with them + +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "to the priest who offers the sacrifice to atone for someone's sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# hide the coat or skin of a herd animal \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/09.md b/lev/07/09.md index feff34ef73..d1808cbba8 100644 --- a/lev/07/09.md +++ b/lev/07/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## that is baked in an oven...that is cooked in a frying pan ## +# that is baked in an oven ... that is cooked in a frying pan -"that bakes in an oven" or "that cooks in a frying pan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that someone bakes in an oven ... that someone cooks in a frying pan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# oven + +This was probably a hollow object made of clay. A fire was lit under the oven, and the heat would bake the dough inside of the oven. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:4](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# a frying pan + +This is a metal plate with rounded edges. The dough was placed in the pan and cooked over a fire. See how you translated "pan" in [Leviticus 2:7](../02/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# a baking pan + +This is a thick plate made of either clay or metal. The plate was placed over a fire, and the dough cooked on top of the plate. See how you translated "flat iron pan" in [Leviticus 2:5](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/11.md b/lev/07/11.md index cb15f81401..80a7ebe586 100644 --- a/lev/07/11.md +++ b/lev/07/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## of cakes made without yeast, but mixed with oil ## +# of cakes made without yeast, but mixed with oil -AT: "of cakes he made without yeast, but he mixed it with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "of cakes he made without yeast but mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## of cakes made without yeast, but spread with oil ## +# cakes ... mixed with oil -AT: "of thin cakes he made without yeast, but he spread oil on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "cakes" refers to a thick bread. -## of cakes made with fine flour that is mixed with oil ## +# of cakes made without yeast, but spread with oil -AT: "of cakes he made with fine flour that he mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "of thin cakes he made without yeast but spread with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cakes ... spread with oil + +Here "cakes" refers to a thin bread. + +# of cakes made with fine flour that is mixed with oil + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "of cakes he made with fine flour mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cakes made with fine flour + +Here "cakes" refers to a thick bread. It is similar to the first type of bread except it is made with the finest flour. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/13.md b/lev/07/13.md index be3f53b436..93772d49c8 100644 --- a/lev/07/13.md +++ b/lev/07/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## cakes of bread made with yeast ## +# cakes of bread made with yeast -AT: "cakes of bread he made with yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "cakes of bread he made with yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cakes + +This refers to a thick bread. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/15.md b/lev/07/15.md index ec4ebe1c20..d8d0521c73 100644 --- a/lev/07/15.md +++ b/lev/07/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## The person presenting ## +# The person presenting "The person who offers" -## for the purpose of giving thanks ## +# for the purpose of giving thanks -"for the purpose of thanking Yahweh" +The abstract noun "thanks" can be stated as a verb. AT: "for the purpose of thanking Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the meat must be eaten...the meat may be eaten ## +# the meat must be eaten ... it may be eaten -AT: "he must eat the meat"..."he may eat the meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "he must eat the meat ... he may eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/17.md b/lev/07/17.md index 8f0db559d1..f8768973ff 100644 --- a/lev/07/17.md +++ b/lev/07/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## must be burned ## +# on the third day -AT: "the person must burn it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Third is the ordinal number for three. AT: "after two days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## is eaten ## +# must be burned -AT: "he eats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person must burn it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If any of the meat of the sacrifice of one's peace offering is eaten on the third day + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "If anyone eats the meat of his peace offering sacrifice on the third day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will not be accepted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will not accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# neither will it be credited to the one who offered it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "neither will Yahweh honor the sacrifice that the person offered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will carry the guilt of his sin + +A person being responsible for the sin he committed is spoken of as if he had to carry the guilt physically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/19.md b/lev/07/19.md index 27e96990aa..814001fc69 100644 --- a/lev/07/19.md +++ b/lev/07/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Any meat that touches an unclean thing must not be eaten ## +# Any meat that touches an unclean thing must not be eaten -AT: "No one may eat meat that touches something unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "No one may eat meat that touches something unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## It must be burned ## +# an unclean thing -AT: "You must burn it"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## must be cut off from his people ## +# It must be burned -AT: "may not live among his people" or "you must separate from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You must burn it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# anyone who is clean + +A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# unclean person + +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that person must be cut off from his people + +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. AT: "that person may no longer live among his people" or "you must separate that person from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/21.md b/lev/07/21.md index e028e039e7..90ca698291 100644 --- a/lev/07/21.md +++ b/lev/07/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## or of some unclean and disgusting thing ## +# any unclean thing + +Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whether uncleanness of man, or of unclean beast + +Here "man" means humans in general. AT: "whether of a person or a beast" + +# or of some unclean and disgusting thing "or of some unclean thing that disgusts Yahweh" -## cut off from his people ## +# that person must be cut off from his people -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:19](./19.md). \ No newline at end of file +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](./19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/22.md b/lev/07/22.md index 5f8b50f7a7..a1b3d40d66 100644 --- a/lev/07/22.md +++ b/lev/07/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## died without being a sacrifice ## +# Then Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, "Speak to the people of Israel and say, 'You must eat no fat + +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Then Yahweh spoke to Moses and told him to tell the people of Israel this: 'You must eat no fat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# died without being a sacrifice "died but was not a sacrifice" -## the fat of an animal torn by wild animals ## +# the fat of an animal torn by wild animals -AT: "the fat of an animal which wild animals killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the fat of an animal that wild animals killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## may be used ## +# may be used -AT: "you may use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you may use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/25.md b/lev/07/25.md index 1d8b8f57a2..2a428579ff 100644 --- a/lev/07/25.md +++ b/lev/07/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## sacrifice by fire ## +# sacrifice by fire -"burnt offering" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## cut off from his people ## +# that person must be cut off from his people -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:19](./19.md). \ No newline at end of file +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](./19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You must eat no blood + +"You must not consume blood" + +# in any of your houses + +"in any of your homes" or "wherever you live" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/28.md b/lev/07/28.md index 3da7c94475..557e610701 100644 --- a/lev/07/28.md +++ b/lev/07/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## to be made by fire ## +# So Yahweh spoke to Moses and said, "Speak to the people of Israel and say, 'He who offers -"that will be a burnt offering" +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Then Yahweh spoke to Moses and told him to tell the people of Israel this: 'He who offers" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## his own hands must bring it ## +# The offering for Yahweh to be made by fire, his own hands must bring it -AT: "he must bring it himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The statement "his own hands must bring it" can be placed at the beginning of the sentence. The phrase "to be made by fire" can be stated in active form. AT: "He himself must bring the offering that he plans to burn as a sacrifice to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## so that the breast may be an offering raised before Yahweh and presented to him ## +# his own hands must bring it -AT: "so that he can raise it to Yahweh and present it to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hands" represents the whole person. AT: "he must bring it himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# breast + +the front part of the animal's body below the neck + +# so that the breast may be waved as a wave offering before Yahweh + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "so that the priest can present it to Yahweh as a wave offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# may be waved as a wave offering before Yahweh + +Raising up the offering is a symbolic gesture that shows that the person is dedicating the sacrifice to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/31.md b/lev/07/31.md index 9ffc4f3a65..6629277a0e 100644 --- a/lev/07/31.md +++ b/lev/07/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## breast ## - -the front part of the animals body below the neck - -## thigh ## +# thigh the upper part of the leg above the knee -## as an offering presented ## +# as an offering presented -"and present it as an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "and present it as an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/33.md b/lev/07/33.md index be9f01943c..9a4a5a2415 100644 --- a/lev/07/33.md +++ b/lev/07/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## For I have taken ## +# For I have taken Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -## that was raised and presented to me ## +# that is the contribution -AT: "that the priest raised and presented to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"that is given as an offering" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/35.md b/lev/07/35.md index 6999983a6b..100b47f695 100644 --- a/lev/07/35.md +++ b/lev/07/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the offerings made by fire ## +# the offerings for Yahweh made by fire -AT: "burnt offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the burnt offerings for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that he anointed the priests ## +# that Yahweh commanded to be given them from the people of Israel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Yahweh commanded the people of Israel to give to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that he anointed the priests "that Moses anointed the priests" -## throughout all generations ## +# throughout all generations -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 3:15](../03/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/37.md b/lev/07/37.md index 69fe983486..0ea7ab568b 100644 --- a/lev/07/37.md +++ b/lev/07/37.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement + +This is the end of a speech started in verse [Leviticus 7:29](./28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/07/intro.md b/lev/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1ff2a6d883 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Leviticus 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter gives instructions on how to offer guilt offerings, peace offerings and freewill offerings. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Blood ##### +The people were not allowed to eat or drink the blood of the sacrificed meat because life was considered to be in the blood of the animal. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [Leviticus 17:11](../17/10.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/01.md b/lev/08/01.md index 06a20593d5..e512c58281 100644 --- a/lev/08/01.md +++ b/lev/08/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the garments ## +# General Information: -"the clothes that they will wear while they do the work of priests " \ No newline at end of file +In chapter 8 Moses ordains Aaron and his sons as priests according to the commands of Yahweh that Moses recorded in the book of Exodus. + +# the garments + +"the priestly garments" or "the clothes that the priests wore" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/04.md b/lev/08/04.md index 9833a943ec..2056db0c66 100644 --- a/lev/08/04.md +++ b/lev/08/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Yahweh has commanded to be done ## +# Yahweh has commanded to be done -AT: “Yahweh commands us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh commands us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/06.md b/lev/08/06.md index 59caec4d5f..f6c57d674d 100644 --- a/lev/08/06.md +++ b/lev/08/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## sash ## +# washed them with water -a piece of cloth which ties around the waist or chest \ No newline at end of file +This is a symbolic action. It is a ritually cleaning that prepares them to become priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the tunic ... the sash ... the robe ... the ephod ... the finely-woven waistband + +These are special garments that Yahweh commanded the people to make for the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sash + +a long piece of cloth that is tied around the waist or chest + +# bound it to him + +"tied it around him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/08.md b/lev/08/08.md index 07b55b943b..7d2f19a870 100644 --- a/lev/08/08.md +++ b/lev/08/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## He placed the breastpiece on him ## +# He placed the breastpiece on him "Moses placed the breastpiece on Aaron" -## the Urim and the Thummim ## +# the breastpiece ... the turban ... the golden plate, the holy crown -It not clear what these are. They were objects that the priest somehow used to determine the will of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +These are all special garments that Yahweh commanded the people to make for the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## turban ## +# the Urim and the Thummim -a head covering +It is not clear what these are. They were objects that the priest somehow used to determine the will of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## the golden plate, the holy crown ## +# turban -These refer to the same thing. It was a plate of pure gold attached to the turban. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +a man's head covering that is a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head + +# the golden plate, the holy crown + +These two phrases refer to the same thing. It was a plate of pure gold attached to the turban. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/10.md b/lev/08/10.md index 35e83de44c..c885af6eb3 100644 --- a/lev/08/10.md +++ b/lev/08/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## all it utensils ## +# all its utensils -These are all the pots, pans, shovels, and forks used with the altar. \ No newline at end of file +These are all the pots, pans, shovels, and forks used at the altar. + +# the washbasin + +This is a bronze basin that was located between the altar and the tabernacle. + +# its base + +This is a bronze stand on which the washbasin was placed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/12.md b/lev/08/12.md index b6dac71df3..e62aa74050 100644 --- a/lev/08/12.md +++ b/lev/08/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## He poured ## +# He poured "Moses poured" -## sashes ## +# sashes -See how you translated a similar word in [Leviticus 8:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the plural form of "sash." See how you translated this in [Leviticus 8:7](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/14.md b/lev/08/14.md index 7f8726a206..c165d8d04a 100644 --- a/lev/08/14.md +++ b/lev/08/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## laid their hands on ## +# laid their hands on the head -This is a sign of dedicating the animal to God so the animal will die for their sin instead of them. +This is a symbolic action that identifies Aaron and his sons with the animal they are offering. In this way they are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## horns of the altar ## +# horns of the altar -See how this was translated in [Leviticus 4:6](../04/06.md). This refers to the corners of the altar which are shaped like the horns of an ox. +This refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](../04/06.md). -## set it apart for God ## +# set it apart for God -"set the altar apart for God" \ No newline at end of file +"set the altar apart for God" + +# in order to make atonement for it + +Here "atonement" means to make the altar fit for use in serving God. AT: "in order to make it a suitable place for burning sacrifices for sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/16.md b/lev/08/16.md index 3aafd3e38c..d945b4c780 100644 --- a/lev/08/16.md +++ b/lev/08/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## liver...kidneys ## +# the inner parts -See how you translated these in [Leviticus 3:3](../03/03.md). +This is the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). -## hide ## +# liver ... kidneys + +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:4](../03/03.md). + +# hide the coat or skin of a herd animal \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/18.md b/lev/08/18.md index 69fe983486..b95bf4850f 100644 --- a/lev/08/18.md +++ b/lev/08/18.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# laid their hands on the head + +This is a symbolic action that identifies Aaron and his sons with the animal they are offering. In this way they are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/20.md b/lev/08/20.md index f0f24bf22e..dbaf5b8b48 100644 --- a/lev/08/20.md +++ b/lev/08/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## He cut the ram ## +# He cut the ram "Moses cut the ram" -## produced a sweet aroma ## +# produced a sweet aroma -"caused a pleasing smell" +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## an offering made by fire to Yahweh ## +# an offering made by fire to Yahweh -AT: "a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "an offering he burned to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/22.md b/lev/08/22.md index 69fe983486..908e54efcf 100644 --- a/lev/08/22.md +++ b/lev/08/22.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# the ram of consecration + +The word "consecration" is an abstract noun. AT: "the ram for setting Aaron and his sons apart for service to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# laid their hands on the head + +This is a symbolic action that identifies Aaron and his sons with the animal they are offering. In this way the they are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# Moses took some of its blood + +It is implied that Moses caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained out from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/25.md b/lev/08/25.md index 5b97fae77a..c5660d419b 100644 --- a/lev/08/25.md +++ b/lev/08/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## inner parts ## +# inner parts -This refers to the inner body organs. +**the inner parts** - This is the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). -## liver...kidneys ## +# liver ... kidneys -See how you translated these in [Leviticus 3:3](../03/03.md). +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:4](../03/03.md). -## right thigh ## +# right thigh -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:31](../07/31.md). \ No newline at end of file +The thigh is the upper part of the leg above the knee. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:32](../07/31.md). + +# the basket of bread without yeast that was before Yahweh + +This does not refer to the location of the basket of bread. It means this is the bread that Moses had dedicated to Yahweh. + +# put it all in the hands of Aaron and in the hands of his sons + +Here "hands" represents the whole person. AT: "gave it all to Aaron and his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# waved them before Yahweh as a wave offering + +It is implied that Aaron and his sons presented the offering. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "they waved them before Yahweh as a wave offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# waved them + +This is a symbolic action that dedicates the offering to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/28.md b/lev/08/28.md index 6e277694a3..290050d33c 100644 --- a/lev/08/28.md +++ b/lev/08/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Moses took them ## +# Moses took them -Here "them" refers to fat, thigh, and all of the bread. +Here "them" refers to the fat, thigh, and all of the bread. -## from off their hands ## +# from off their hands -AT: "from Aaron and his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "hands" represents the whole person. AT: "from Aaron and his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## an offering made by fire to Yahweh ## +# They were a consecration offering -AT: "a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"They were an offering for setting Aaron and his sons apart for service to Yahweh" -## breast ## +# an offering made by fire to Yahweh -the front part of the animals body below the neck +This can be translated in active form. AT: "a burnt offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## ordination ## +# produced a sweet aroma + +Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# breast + +the front part of the animal's body below the neck + +# ordination an official ceremony that makes someone a priest \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/30.md b/lev/08/30.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5e8a5f9a03..0000000000 --- a/lev/08/30.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this verse. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/31.md b/lev/08/31.md index ccfd2a2573..2609ec6fc6 100644 --- a/lev/08/31.md +++ b/lev/08/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## until the days of your ordination are fulfilled ## +# the basket of consecration -AT: "until you fulfill the days of your ordination" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This means the basket contains offerings used while consecrating Aaron and his sons. AT: "the basket" -## ordination ## +# as I commanded, saying, 'Aaron and his sons will eat it.' -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 8:28](./28.md). \ No newline at end of file +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "as I commanded you to do" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# until the days of your ordination are fulfilled + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "until you fulfill the days of your ordination" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# ordination + +This is an official ceremony that makes someone a priest. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 8:29](./28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/34.md b/lev/08/34.md index 3b4531e95b..e22723c866 100644 --- a/lev/08/34.md +++ b/lev/08/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## to be done ## +# to be done -AT: "us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## this is what I have been commanded ## +# to make atonement for you -AT: "this is what he has commanded me" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "atonement" can be stated as a verb. AT: "to atone for your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# this is what I have been commanded + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "this is what he has commanded me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/08/intro.md b/lev/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..83f1473030 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Leviticus 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +In this chapter, Moses set apart, or consecrated, the sons of Aaron to be priests. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/01.md b/lev/09/01.md index 69fe983486..dde0eed6aa 100644 --- a/lev/09/01.md +++ b/lev/09/01.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# the eighth day + +The word "eighth" is the ordinal number for eight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# before Yahweh + +"to Yahweh" or "in the presence of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/03.md b/lev/09/03.md index 0f99bdd48c..1cbf0e8128 100644 --- a/lev/09/03.md +++ b/lev/09/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to Aaron. -## a year old ## +# You must speak to the people of Israel and say, 'Take a male goat ... will appear to you -"twelve months of age" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]]) +Moses continues speaking to Aaron. This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "And tell the people of Israel to take a male goat ... will appear to all the people" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## to sacrifice before Yahweh ## +# a year old + +"twelve months of age" + +# to sacrifice before Yahweh "to sacrifice to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/06.md b/lev/09/06.md index 9b94158e1c..31d3ef2523 100644 --- a/lev/09/06.md +++ b/lev/09/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## commanded you to do ## +# commanded you to do -Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# so that his glory may appear to you + +Here "glory" represents the presence of Yahweh. AT: "so that he may show you the glory of his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# make atonement for yourself and for the people ... offer the sacrifice for the people to make atonement for them + +These are two different sacrifices. The first sacrifice is to atone for the sins of the high priest. When the high priest sins it also makes the people guilty (See: [Leviticus 4:3](../04/01.md)). The second sacrifice is to atone of the sins the people themselves commit. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/08.md b/lev/09/08.md index f0417458f5..5c53aa8341 100644 --- a/lev/09/08.md +++ b/lev/09/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the horns of the altar ## +# sons of Aaron presented the blood to him -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:6](../04/06.md). +This implies that they caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## at the base of the altar ## +# horns of the altar + +This refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](../04/06.md). + +# at the base of the altar "at the bottom of the altar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/10.md b/lev/09/10.md index 9499c10c63..20ca7e903b 100644 --- a/lev/09/10.md +++ b/lev/09/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## he burned ## +# he burned "Aaron burned" -## kidneys...liver ## +# kidneys ... liver -See how you translated these in [Leviticus 3:3](../03/03.md). +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:4](../03/03.md). -## the hide ## +# the hide -the coat or skin of a herd animal \ No newline at end of file +This is the coat or skin of a herd animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:8](../07/07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/12.md b/lev/09/12.md index 69fe983486..df16553f37 100644 --- a/lev/09/12.md +++ b/lev/09/12.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# his sons gave him the blood + +It is implied that the sons caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# inner parts + +**the inner parts** - This is the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/15.md b/lev/09/15.md index 69fe983486..c7ae9719b7 100644 --- a/lev/09/15.md +++ b/lev/09/15.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# the first goat + +The word "first" is the ordinal number for one. AT: "the goat for his own offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# along with the morning's burnt offering + +This refers to the first sacrifice of each day. The priests would offer this burnt sacrifice in the morning before any other sacrifice. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/18.md b/lev/09/18.md index 8301799647..c8c8d544f6 100644 --- a/lev/09/18.md +++ b/lev/09/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## He killed ## +# He killed "Aaron killed" -## kidneys...liver ## +# Aaron's sons gave him the blood -See how you translated these in [Leviticus 3:3](../03/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that the blood was in a bowl. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# inner parts + +This is the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/07.md). + +# kidneys ... liver + +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:4](../03/03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/20.md b/lev/09/20.md index a27d6f31fa..01c1884dcb 100644 --- a/lev/09/20.md +++ b/lev/09/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## they put these ## +# They took the parts -"Aaron's sons put these." The word "these" refers to the fat and inner parts listed previously. +"Aaron's sons took the parts" -## the breasts and the right thigh ## +# put these -See how you translated these in [Leviticus 7:31](../07/31.md). +The word "these" refers to the fat and inner parts listed previously. -## before Yahweh ## +# the breasts + +This is front part of the animal's body below the neck. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:30](../07/28.md). + +# right thigh + +This is the upper part of the leg above the knee. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:32](../07/31.md). + +# before Yahweh "to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/22.md b/lev/09/22.md index a7be600985..42f65caca9 100644 --- a/lev/09/22.md +++ b/lev/09/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## the glory of Yahweh appeared to all the people ## +# then he came down -"all the people saw Yahweh's glory" +The phrase "came down" is used because the place of the altar was higher than where the people were standing. -## lay facedown ## +# the glory of Yahweh appeared to all the people -"lay with their faces to the ground." This is a sign respect and honor. \ No newline at end of file +Here "glory" represents Yahweh's presence. AT: "Yahweh showed all the people the glory of his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Fire came out from Yahweh and consumed + +"Yahweh sent a fire that consumed" + +# consumed the burnt offering + +The fire completely burning up the offering is spoken of as if the fire consumed or used up the burnt offering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lay facedown + +"lay with their faces to the ground." This is a sign respect and honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/09/intro.md b/lev/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a3a659ab69 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Leviticus 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Aaron begins to function as the high priest in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Following Yahweh's instructions ##### +Great care is taken to show that Aaron perfectly followed Yahweh's instructions. Moses records every detail to show how Aaron correctly followed Yahweh. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Fire came out from Yahweh" ##### +Aaron did not create the fire that consumed his sacrifice. Instead, Yahweh miraculously began the fire which consumed the sacrifice. This showed that the sacrifice was acceptable to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/01.md b/lev/10/01.md index c33e78bce0..cf5405afbb 100644 --- a/lev/10/01.md +++ b/lev/10/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## Nadab and Abihu ## +# Nadab and Abihu These are the names of Aaron's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## censer ## +# censer -a container for fire and incense which priests used +a shallow metal container which priests used to carry hot coals or incense -## offered unapproved fire ## +# put fire in it -"offered fire that was not according to Yahweh's instructions" or "offered fire that Yahweh did not approve" \ No newline at end of file +"put burning coals in it" + +# Then they offered unapproved fire before Yahweh, which he had not commanded them to offer + +"But Yahweh did not approve of their offering because it was not according to what he commanded them to offer" + +# unapproved fire before Yahweh + +"unapproved fire to Yahweh" + +# So fire came out from before Yahweh + +"So Yahweh sent a fire" + +# came out from before Yahweh + +"came out from Yahweh" + +# devoured them + +The fire completely burning the men up is spoken of as if the fire devoured or completely used them up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they died before Yahweh + +"they died in the presence of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/03.md b/lev/10/03.md index 6ab5af446b..a56c500c31 100644 --- a/lev/10/03.md +++ b/lev/10/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## I will be glorified before all the people ## +# This is what Yahweh was talking about when he said, 'I will reveal my holiness ... before all the people.' -AT: "All the people will glorify me" or "I will glorify myself in front of all the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "This is what Yahweh was talking about when he said that he would reveal his holiness ... who come near him, and that he will be glorified ... people." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## Mishael…Elzaphan…Uzziel ## +# I will reveal my holiness to those who come near me -These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "those who come near me" refers to the priests that serve Yahweh. "I will show those that come near to serve me that I am holy" or "Those who come near to serve me must treat me as holy" + +# I will be glorified before all the people + +This second part of Yahweh's statement still concerns the priest, who are the ones who come near to Yahweh. This can be translated in active form. AT: "They must glorify me before all the people" or "They must honor me in the presence of all the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Mishael ... Elzaphan ... Uzziel + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# your brothers + +This does not mean they were literal brothers. Here "brothers" means relatives or cousins. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/05.md b/lev/10/05.md index ae2a3d7e7e..f66de613ec 100644 --- a/lev/10/05.md +++ b/lev/10/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## So they came near ## +# So they came near "So Mishael and Elzaphan came near" -## Eleazar…Ithamar ## +# carried them, still wearing their priestly tunics -These are the names of Aaron's sons. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +carried the bodies of Nadab and Abihu, which still had on the priestly tunics -## Do not let your hair hang loosely, and do not tear your clothes ## +# Eleazar ... Ithamar -God is telling Aaron and his sons not to show any outward signs of grief or mourning. +These are the names of Aaron's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## so that you may not die ## +# Do not let your hair on your heads hang loosely, and do not tear your clothes -"So that you will not die" +Yahweh is telling Aaron and his sons not to show any outward signs of grief or mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## not be angry with all the assembly ## +# so that you may not die -"Assembly" here means the whole congregation of Israel, not just a group of leaders." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"so that you will not die" -## for those whom the fire of Yahweh has set ablaze ## +# not be angry with all the assembly + +Here "assembly" means the whole congregation of Israel, not just a group of leaders. AT: "not be angry with all the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the entire house of Israel + +Here "house" represents the people. AT: "all the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for those whom the fire of Yahweh has set ablaze "for those whom Yahweh killed with his fire" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/08.md b/lev/10/08.md index dc0462f727..2c3a00a706 100644 --- a/lev/10/08.md +++ b/lev/10/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## a permanent statute throughout your people's generations ## +# This will be -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 3:15](../03/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "This" refers back to the command for the priests to not drink wine or strong drink when they enter the tent of meeting. + +# a permanent statute throughout your people's generations + +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/15.md). + +# to distinguish + +You can start a new sentence here. "You must do this so that you will be able to distinguish" + +# between the holy and the common + +The nominal adjectives "the holy" and "the common" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "between what is holy and what is common" or "between what is dedicated to God and what is ordinary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# between the unclean and the clean + +The nominal adjectives "the unclean" and "the clean" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "between what is unclean and what is clean" or "between what God will not accept and what he will accept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the unclean + +A person or thing that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch is spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the clean + +A person or thing that Yahweh has stated is fit to touch is spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/12.md b/lev/10/12.md index 59a1dc9361..7638282917 100644 --- a/lev/10/12.md +++ b/lev/10/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the offerings to Yahweh made by fire ## +# the offerings to Yahweh made by fire -AT: "the burnt offerings to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the burnt offerings to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## this is what I have been commanded to tell you ## +# for it is most holy -AT: "this is what Yahweh commanded me to tell you" \ No newline at end of file +"for the grain offering is most holy" + +# this is what I have been commanded to tell you + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "this is what Yahweh commanded me to tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/14.md b/lev/10/14.md index 8bc09a94c2..9a0c61900a 100644 --- a/lev/10/14.md +++ b/lev/10/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## The breast that is raised as an offering and the thigh that is presented to Yahweh ## +# The breast that is waved and the thigh that is presented to Yahweh -AT: "The breast and thigh that a person raised and presented to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The breast and thigh that a person waved and presented to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for they are given as your share ## +# the breast -AT: "for Yahweh has given them as your share" +the front part of the animal's body below the neck -## you and your sons and daughters ## +# the thigh -Here "you" refers to Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +the upper part of the leg above the knee -## they must bring those together ## +# in a clean place -"those giving the offering must bring the thigh and breast together" +A place that is fit to be used for God's purposes is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They will be yours and your sons' with you as a share forever ## +# for they are given as your share -"This portion will always be for you and your sons" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "for Yahweh has given them as your share" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You and your sons and daughters + +Here "You" refers to Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# They will be yours and your sons' with you as a share forever + +Translate this so it is understood that the portion belongs to Aaron and his sons. AT: "This portion will always be for you and your sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/16.md b/lev/10/16.md index 6386c3a5e5..f237cab1f3 100644 --- a/lev/10/16.md +++ b/lev/10/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## It was burned up ## +# it was burned up -AT: "the priests had burned it all" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the priests had burned it all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Eleazar and Ithamar ## +# Eleazar and Ithamar -See how you translated these names in [Leviticus 10:5](./05.md). +See how you translated these names in [Leviticus 10:6](./05.md). -## since it is most holy ## +# Why have you not eaten ... before him? + +Moses uses a question to rebuke Eleazar and Ithamar. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should have eaten ... before him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# since it is most holy "since the sin offering is most holy" -## before Him ## +# to take away the iniquity of the assembly + +Causing Yahweh to forgive the people of Israel is spoken of as if iniquity were an object that Yahweh takes from the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before him "in his presence" -## its blood was not brought ## +# its blood was not brought -AT: "you did not bring its blood" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you did not bring its blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/19.md b/lev/10/19.md index f182452791..c35d1565a5 100644 --- a/lev/10/19.md +++ b/lev/10/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## this thing has happened ## +# this thing has happened Aaron is referring to the death of his two sons. -## Would it have been pleasing in the sight of Yahweh? ## +# would it have been pleasing in the sight of Yahweh? -These sacrifices were to be eaten with joy and happiness. Aaron uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh would not be pleased for him to eat the sacrifices since he is sad because of his sons' deaths. AT: "Certainly, Yahweh would not have been pleased." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +These sacrifices were to be eaten with joy and happiness. Aaron uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh would not be pleased for him to eat the sacrifices since he is sad because of his sons' deaths. This question may be translated as a statement. AT: "certainly, Yahweh would not have been pleased." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/10/intro.md b/lev/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a946703722 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Leviticus 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 10:3, which is the poetic part of the quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Mourning ##### + +Aaron was told that he and his remaining sons should not mourn Aaron's sons who were killed. As priests, they must put priestly work first, before their mourning and personal problems. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Unapproved fire" ##### +The phrase "unapproved fire " indicates that Aaron's son offered an unacceptable sacrifice. Because of Yahweh's holiness, this was a serious sin. They may have offered a sacrifice at the wrong time or in the wrong way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/01.md b/lev/11/01.md index 588bb44df6..6d67b959c0 100644 --- a/lev/11/01.md +++ b/lev/11/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## among all the animals ## +# among all the animals "out of all the animals" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/03.md b/lev/11/03.md index b9e35f5dc3..91e70b40b0 100644 --- a/lev/11/03.md +++ b/lev/11/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. +# General Information: -## split hoof ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. + +# split hoof This means a hoof that is split into two parts instead of being one whole. -## chews the cud ## +# chews the cud -This means an animal that brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again. \ No newline at end of file +This means an animal that brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again. + +# some animals either chew the cud or have a split hoof + +That is, they have one or the other, but not both. + +# the camel is unclean for you + +The camel being unfit for the people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/05.md b/lev/11/05.md index 796a319d0d..a2df1e4927 100644 --- a/lev/11/05.md +++ b/lev/11/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. +# General Information: -## rock badger ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. + +# rock badger a small animal that lives in rocky places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## rabbit ## +# unclean for you + +These animals which God declared to be unfit for the people to eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rabbit a small animal with long ears that usually lives in holes in the ground -## nor touch their carcasses ## +# nor touch their carcasses -"nor handle their dead bodies" \ No newline at end of file +"nor touch their dead bodies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/09.md b/lev/11/09.md index 1c5b82bd07..95c9f2be37 100644 --- a/lev/11/09.md +++ b/lev/11/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. +# General Information: -## fins ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. -the thin, flat part which the fish uses to move through the water +# fins -## scales ## +the thin, flat part that the fish uses to move through the water + +# scales the small plates that cover the body of the fish -## they must be detested by you ## +# all living creatures that do not have fins and scales in the ocean or rivers -AT: "you must detest them" or "you must hate them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"all creatures that live in the ocean or rivers that do not have fins and scales" + +# they must be detested by you + +Yahweh commands the people to reject and despise eating these creatures. This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must detest them" or "you must completely reject them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/11.md b/lev/11/11.md index 754389f8f1..d74703ca66 100644 --- a/lev/11/11.md +++ b/lev/11/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. +# General Information: -## Since they must be detested ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. -AT: "Since you must detest them" or "Since you must hate them" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Since they must be detested -## their carcasses must be detested ## +"detest"is to reject and despise an object. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Since you must detest them" or "Since you must completely reject them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "you must detest their dead bodies" \ No newline at end of file +# their carcasses must be detested + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must detest their dead bodies" or "you must not touch their dead bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Whatever has no fins or scales in the water + +"Whatever is in the water that does not have fins or scales" + +# must be detested by you + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must detest" or "you must completely reject" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/13.md b/lev/11/13.md index 902026e396..dbc4100cda 100644 --- a/lev/11/13.md +++ b/lev/11/13.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. +# General Information: -## vulture...kite...falcon...raven...screech owl...horned owl...seagull...hawk ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. -These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on rodents and dead animals (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +# vulture ... kite ... falcon ... raven ... horned owl ... screech owl ... seagull ... hawk + +These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on rodents and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/17.md b/lev/11/17.md index 08c1744aef..dbdfd50ad0 100644 --- a/lev/11/17.md +++ b/lev/11/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. +# General Information: -## little owl...great owl...the cormorant...white owl...barn owl...osprey...hoopoe ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. -These are birds that eat rodents and insects and are awake mainly at night. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# little owl ... great owl ... the cormorant ... white owl ... barn owl ... osprey ... hoopoe -## stork...heron ## +These are birds that eat rodents and insects and are awake mainly at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# the great owl + +"the large owl" + +# stork ... heron These are birds that feed on rodents and lizards. -## bat ## +# bat -animal with wings and furry body which is awake mainly at night and eats insects and rodents \ No newline at end of file +Although not a bird, the bat is included in this list because it has wings and flies. It has a furry body and is awake mainly at night. It eats insects and rodents. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/20.md b/lev/11/20.md index e8b356bbf2..b356f57a2e 100644 --- a/lev/11/20.md +++ b/lev/11/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. +# General Information: -## must be detested by you ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. -AT: "you must detest" (UDB) or "you must hate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# All winged insects that walk on four legs are detestable to you -## locusts...katydids...crickets...grasshoppers ## +The word "detestable" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "You will detest all winged insects that walk on four legs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -These are small insects that eat plants and can jump high. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +# insects that walk on four legs + +Here the phrase "four legs" is an idiom that means to crawl on the ground and sets these insects apart from other flying things, such as birds, that have only two feet. AT: "insects that crawl on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# locust, katydid, cricket, or grasshopper + +These are small insects that eat plants and can jump. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# flying insects that have four feet + +"flying insects that have four legs" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/24.md b/lev/11/24.md index 1d54bf4b1f..489af079b1 100644 --- a/lev/11/24.md +++ b/lev/11/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. +# General Information: -## You will become unclean until evening by these animals if you touch a carcass of one of them ## +Yahweh begins to tell Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean. -AT: "You will be unclean until sunset if you touch the dead body of one of these animals" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# You will become unclean until evening by these animals if you touch a carcass of one of them -## these animals ## +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The dead bodies of these animals will make you unclean if you touch any of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will become unclean + +A person who is unacceptable for God's purposes because he has touched one of these dead animals is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# these animals This refers to the animals he is about to list in the following verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/26.md b/lev/11/26.md index 4ab7deeae0..4dfe6cdae3 100644 --- a/lev/11/26.md +++ b/lev/11/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. +# General Information: -## split hoof...chew the cud ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean. -See how you translated these in [Leviticus 11:3](./03.md). +# Every animal ... is unclean for you -## paws ## +These animals that God declared to be unfit for the people to eat are spoken of as if they were physically dirty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -an animal foot with claws +# split hoof -## until evening ## +This means a hoof that is split into two parts instead of being one whole. See how you translated these in [Leviticus 11:3](./03.md). + +# chew the cud + +This means an animal that brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again. See how you translated these in [Leviticus 11:3](./03.md). + +# Everyone who touches them will be unclean + +A person who is unacceptable for God's purposes because he has touched one of these animals is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# paws + +animal feet with claws + +# until the evening "until sunset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/29.md b/lev/11/29.md index 7042fa2f32..17c5aad5cb 100644 --- a/lev/11/29.md +++ b/lev/11/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. +# General Information: -## weasels ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean. -a small animal with brown fur that eats birds and small animals (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# these are the animals that will be unclean for you -## large lizard, the gecko, the monitor lizard, the lizard, the skink, and the chameleon ## +These animals that God declared to be unfit for people to touch or eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -These are different kinds of reptiles with four legs. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# weasel -## skink ## +a small animal with brown fur that eats birds and small animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# large lizard, the gecko, the monitor lizard, the lizard, the skink, and the chameleon + +These are different kinds of reptiles with four legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# skink "sand lizard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/31.md b/lev/11/31.md index 28e683fb82..9f86dde2e4 100644 --- a/lev/11/31.md +++ b/lev/11/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. +# General Information: -## until evening ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean. + +# these are the animals which will be unclean for you + +These animals that God declared to be unfit for people to touch or eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Whoever touches them ... will be unclean + +A person who is unacceptable for God's purposes because he has touched one of these dead animals is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until evening "until sunset" -## and whatever it is used for, it must be put into water ## +# that thing will be unclean -AT: "and however you use it, you must put it into water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch because one of these dead animals has fallen on it is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. It is spoken of as physically clean after it has been washed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Then it will be clean + +Something that God has declared to be fit for people to touch after it has been washed is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whatever it is used for, it must be put into water + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "however you use it, you must put it into water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/34.md b/lev/11/34.md index 1e99d4b15d..94ac52b1c6 100644 --- a/lev/11/34.md +++ b/lev/11/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## permitted to be eaten ## +# All food which is clean -AT: "that you may eat" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Food that God has declared acceptable for the people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## may be drunk ## +# and permitted to be eaten -AT: "you may drink" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that you may eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## of the carcass ## +# will then be unclean + +Food becomes unacceptable for the people to eat because unclean water has fallen on it is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# may be drunk + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you may drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# of the carcass "of the dead body" -## it must be broken ## +# It must be broken to pieces -AT: "you must break it" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You must break it to pieces" or "You must shatter it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/36.md b/lev/11/36.md index ab7f8978c8..31b11e6166 100644 --- a/lev/11/36.md +++ b/lev/11/36.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. +# General Information: -## cistern where drinking water is collected ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean. -AT: "a well where water collects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# A spring or cistern ... will stay clean -## But if water is put on the seeds ## +Water that the people are permitted to drink from a spring or cistern is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "But if you put water on the seeds" \ No newline at end of file +# cistern where drinking water is collected + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "a cistern that collects drinking water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the carcass of an unclean animal + +The dead body of an animal that God has declared to be unfit for the people to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will be unclean + +A person who is unacceptable for God's purposes because he has touched the carcass of one of these animals is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seeds for planting + +"seeds that you intend to plant" + +# those seeds will still be clean ... they will be unclean + +Seeds that God has declared to be acceptable for the people to plant are spoken of as if they are physically clean, and those which are unacceptable are spoken of as if they were unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# But if water is put on the seeds + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "But if you put water on the seeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/39.md b/lev/11/39.md index 8151a6f40d..5da7b0fe4d 100644 --- a/lev/11/39.md +++ b/lev/11/39.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the carcass ## +# he who touches the carcass will be unclean until evening -"the dead body" +A person who is unacceptable for God's purposes because he touches the body of a dead animal is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## until evening ## +# until evening "until sunset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/41.md b/lev/11/41.md index 638f89924d..bdec54bfa0 100644 --- a/lev/11/41.md +++ b/lev/11/41.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. +# General Information: -## is to be detested ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean. -AT: "you must detest it" or "you must hate it" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# is to be detested -## it must not be eaten ## +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must detest" or "you must reject" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "you must not eat it" \ No newline at end of file +# it must not be eaten + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must not eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they are to be detested + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you are to detest them" or "you must reject them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/43.md b/lev/11/43.md index 1a6b9574ea..d2dd4d138a 100644 --- a/lev/11/43.md +++ b/lev/11/43.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. +# General Information: -## You must not make yourselves unclean...you should be made impure by them ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean. -In 11:43 Yahweh says the same thing in three different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# You must not make yourselves unclean ... you should be made impure by them -## that you should be made impure by them ## +Yahweh repeats the same idea twice in order to strengthen the command that they are not to eat any unclean animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "that they should make you impure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# You must not make yourselves unclean + +A person who is unacceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that you should be made impure by them + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "so that you are no longer pure because of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/46.md b/lev/11/46.md index 3f9fe5a250..f9a322aabf 100644 --- a/lev/11/46.md +++ b/lev/11/46.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh finishes telling Moses and Aaron what the people can eat and must avoid eating. +# General Information: -## for which a distinction is to be made between ## +Yahweh finishes telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. -AT: "for which you must distinguish between" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# for which a distinction is to be made between -## that may be eaten...that may not be eaten ## +This can be translated in active form. AT: "for which you must distinguish between" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "that you may eat...that you may not eat" \ No newline at end of file +# between the unclean and the clean + +Animals that God declared to be unfit for the people to touch or eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean, and those which he declared to be acceptable for the people to touch and eat are spoken of as if they were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that may be eaten ... that may not be eaten + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that you may eat ... that you may not eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/11/intro.md b/lev/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..967381fb03 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Leviticus 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Laws about food ##### + +This chapter contains a list of the animals the Israelites were not allowed to eat. Further research may be needed to determine the exact location of different parts of an animal. Many of these foods are not consumed to this day because they cause diseases, but it is unclear why the other foods are prohibited. + +=##### Special concepts in this chapter ##### +Eating unclean foods made a person unclean. The process of consuming these types of foods spread the uncleanliness to a person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/12/01.md b/lev/12/01.md index 0d49333608..eaf779e888 100644 --- a/lev/12/01.md +++ b/lev/12/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## during the days of her monthly period ## +# she will be unclean + +A woman whom other people must not touch because she is bleeding from her womb is spoken of as if she were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# during the days of her monthly period This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## the flesh of a baby boy's foreskin must be circumcised ## +# the flesh of a baby boy's foreskin must be circumcised -AT: "a priest must circumcise the baby boy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Only the priest could perform this action. This can be translated in active form. AT: "a priest must circumcise the baby boy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/12/04.md b/lev/12/04.md index 9e67a12438..e96ea32749 100644 --- a/lev/12/04.md +++ b/lev/12/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## thirty-three days ## +# the mother's purification from her bleeding will continue for thirty-three days -three days** - "33 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This means that the mother will remain impure for thirty-three days. -## for two weeks ## +# thirty-three days + +"33 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# she will be unclean for two weeks + +A woman whom other people must not touch because she is bleeding from her womb is spoken of as if she were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for two weeks "for 14 days" -## period ## +# during her period -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 12:1](./01.md). +This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 12:2](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## sixty-six days ## +# sixty-six days -six days** - "66 days" \ No newline at end of file +"66 days" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/12/06.md b/lev/12/06.md index 42234eb18e..8b854f1c5e 100644 --- a/lev/12/06.md +++ b/lev/12/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## of her purification ## +# When the days of her purification are finished -"of the mother's purification +"When the days of the mother's purification are finished" -## for a son or for a daughter ## +# for a son or for a daughter This refers to the different number of days for purification based on if she gave birth to a son or daughter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/12/07.md b/lev/12/07.md index 71e94850fd..0e6430e125 100644 --- a/lev/12/07.md +++ b/lev/12/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## and she will be cleansed from the flow of her blood ## +# she will be cleansed from the flow of her blood -AT: and this will cleanse her from her bleeding which occurred during childbirth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "this will cleanse her from her bleeding occurring during childbirth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## If she is not able to afford a lamb ## +# If she is not able to afford a lamb -"If she does not have enough money to buy a lamb" \ No newline at end of file +Translate this so it clarifies the woman's inability to purchase a sacrificial animal. AT: "If she does not have enough money to buy a lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# then she will be clean + +A woman whom other people may touch is spoken of as if she were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/12/intro.md b/lev/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b2adcd97ab --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Leviticus 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Menstruation ##### +A woman was considered to be unclean after she began her monthly period and after having a baby. This was because all blood was considered to be unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/01.md b/lev/13/01.md index f620619c62..add97a51b6 100644 --- a/lev/13/01.md +++ b/lev/13/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## then he must be brought ## +# then he must be brought -AT: "then someone must bring him" (UDB) or "then he must go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "then someone must bring him" or "then he must go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to one of his sons + +"to one of Aaron's sons" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/03.md b/lev/13/03.md index 808c806d80..cd96ac2605 100644 --- a/lev/13/03.md +++ b/lev/13/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do. -## skin of his body ## +# skin of his body Here "his" refers to the person with the skin disease. -## infectious disease ## +# infectious disease -a sickness that can spread easily from one person to another \ No newline at end of file +a sickness that can spread easily from one person to another + +# he must pronounce him unclean + +"the priest must pronounce the man unclean." The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for seven days + +"for 7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/05.md b/lev/13/05.md index 31c146acc6..f2396b7163 100644 --- a/lev/13/05.md +++ b/lev/13/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## the priest must examine him ## +# the priest must examine him Here "him" refers to the person with the skin disease. -## if it has not spread in the skin ## +# if it has not spread in the skin This means if the skin disease has not increased in size or moved to other parts of the body. -## rash ## +# seventh day -This is an area of the skin that is irritated, but it will not spread to other people. \ No newline at end of file +"Seventh" is the ordinal number for 7. AT: "7th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# seven days + +"7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the priest will pronounce him clean ... he is clean + +The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rash + +This is an area of the skin that is irritated, but the rash will not spread to other people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/07.md b/lev/13/07.md index 952b6da501..b485acc697 100644 --- a/lev/13/07.md +++ b/lev/13/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## he...himself ## +# he ... himself This refers to the person with the skin disease. -## infectious disease ## +# the priest must pronounce him unclean -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 13:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# infectious disease + +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/09.md b/lev/13/09.md index f1eabd1e55..ff91f27664 100644 --- a/lev/13/09.md +++ b/lev/13/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## he must be brought to the priest ## +# he must be brought to the priest -AT: "someone must bring him to the priest" (ULB) or "he must go to the priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The priests determined if a disease was spreading. This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone must bring him to the priest" or "he must go to the priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## if there is raw flesh in the swelling ## +# if there is raw flesh in the swelling -Here "raw flesh" could refer to open sores on the skin. Or it could refer to new skin that has grown but the area around it is still diseased. Either way it indicates that the skin disease is not healing properly. +Here "raw flesh" could refer to open sores on the skin or it could refer to new skin that has grown, but the area around it is still diseased. Either one indicates that the skin disease is not healing properly. -## chronic skin disease ## +# chronic skin disease -This is a disease that continues or reoccurs for a long time. \ No newline at end of file +This is a disease that continues or reoccurs over a long period of time. + +# the priest must pronounce him unclean ... he is already unclean + +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/12.md b/lev/13/12.md index 69b025b275..38dcdd7c60 100644 --- a/lev/13/12.md +++ b/lev/13/12.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. + +# the priest must pronounce the person ... clean ... he will be unclean + +The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean and the man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/15.md b/lev/13/15.md index fa0b7e411b..4caddc95a0 100644 --- a/lev/13/15.md +++ b/lev/13/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## raw flesh ## +# The priest must ... pronounce him unclean because the raw flesh is unclean -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 13:9](./09.md). +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## pronounce him unclean ## +# pronounce him unclean Here "him" refers to the person with the skin disease. -## infectious disease ## +# raw flesh -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 13:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:10](./09.md). + +# infectious disease + +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](./03.md). + +# the priest will pronounce that person to be clean + +The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/18.md b/lev/13/18.md index defcd134cd..d66c05e3b5 100644 --- a/lev/13/18.md +++ b/lev/13/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## a boil ## +# a boil -"an ulcer." This is a painful, swollen area on the skin. +a painful area on the skin that is infected -## then it must be shown to the priest ## +# then it must be shown to the priest -AT: "then he must show it to the priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "then he must show it to the priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the priest must pronounce him unclean + +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/21.md b/lev/13/21.md index 2cdfc166f3..30cec56874 100644 --- a/lev/13/21.md +++ b/lev/13/21.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## examines it ## +# examines it -Here "it" refers to the white swelling or bright spot on the skin. \ No newline at end of file +Here "it" refers to the white swelling or bright spot on the skin. + +# the priest must pronounce him unclean + +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the priest must pronounce him clean + +The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/24.md b/lev/13/24.md index 8d7c6e375d..f37f90dad3 100644 --- a/lev/13/24.md +++ b/lev/13/24.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## infectious disease ## +# infectious disease -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 13:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](./03.md). + +# the priest must pronounce him unclean + +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/26.md b/lev/13/26.md index 9961fd6454..b42b6764e2 100644 --- a/lev/13/26.md +++ b/lev/13/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## examines it ## +# examines it Here "it" refers to the burn on the person's skin. -## infectious disease ## +# the priest must pronounce him unclean -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 13:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# infectious disease + +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](./03.md). + +# the priest must pronounce him clean + +The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/29.md b/lev/13/29.md index dc90be9f4e..63d43029a5 100644 --- a/lev/13/29.md +++ b/lev/13/29.md @@ -1,2 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file + +# the priest must pronounce him unclean + +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/31.md b/lev/13/31.md index 69b025b275..11753b5321 100644 --- a/lev/13/31.md +++ b/lev/13/31.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/32.md b/lev/13/32.md index 9dd2aa87ab..9db9818724 100644 --- a/lev/13/32.md +++ b/lev/13/32.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## then he must be shaved, but the diseased area must not be shaved ## +# then he must be shaved, but the diseased area must not be shaved -AT: "the person must shave the hair near the sore but not the hair on the sore" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person must shave the hair near the sore but not the hair on the sore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/34.md b/lev/13/34.md index 2fe2b753ef..72c341ff8e 100644 --- a/lev/13/34.md +++ b/lev/13/34.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. +# General Information: -## the disease ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease." -This refers to the disease on the person's head or chin. +# the disease -## then the priest will pronounce him clean ## +Here "the disease" refers to the disease on the person's head or chin. -Here "him" refers to the person with the disease. \ No newline at end of file +# the priest must pronounce him clean ... he will be clean + +The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/35.md b/lev/13/35.md index 69b025b275..ee3efefd56 100644 --- a/lev/13/35.md +++ b/lev/13/35.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. + +# after the priest said he was clean ... He is clean, and the priest must pronounce him clean + +The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The person is unclean + +The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/38.md b/lev/13/38.md index 64905e4210..f7bd51e03c 100644 --- a/lev/13/38.md +++ b/lev/13/38.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## a dull white ## +# a dull white -"a dark white" +"a faded white" -## rash ## +# rash -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 13:5](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this word in [Leviticus 13:6](./05.md). + +# He is clean + +Here "He" refers to both men and women in general. AT: "That person is clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# He is clean + +The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/40.md b/lev/13/40.md index 69b025b275..e6befeab6f 100644 --- a/lev/13/40.md +++ b/lev/13/40.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. + +# he is clean + +The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/42.md b/lev/13/42.md index 8d7c6e375d..784b50c568 100644 --- a/lev/13/42.md +++ b/lev/13/42.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## infectious disease ## +# infectious disease -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 13:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](./03.md). + +# he is unclean ... pronounce him unclean + +The person whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/45.md b/lev/13/45.md index 861fcad826..85429c1543 100644 --- a/lev/13/45.md +++ b/lev/13/45.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. -## outside the camp ## +# outside the camp -The camp is the area where the majority of Israelites lived. The unclean person was not permitted to live among them because his disease may spread to others. \ No newline at end of file +The camp is the area where the majority of Israelites lived. The unclean person was not permitted to live among them because his disease may spread to others. + +# Unclean, unclean + +The person whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/47.md b/lev/13/47.md index 60c7021a92..caa2bf6b74 100644 --- a/lev/13/47.md +++ b/lev/13/47.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## mildew ## +# A garment that is contaminated with mildew -a white substance that grows on things that are damp from water +"A garment that has mildew on it" or "A garment that mildews" -## or anything woven or knitted ## +# contaminated -AT: "or anything that someone wove or knit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +to become impure because something harmful has been added to it -## anything made with leather ## +# mildew -AT: "anything that someone made from leather" \ No newline at end of file +a fungus, often white in color, that grows on things that are damp or moist + +# or anything woven or knitted + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "or anything that someone has woven or knitted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if there is a greenish or reddish contamination in the garment + +"if there is greenish or reddish mildew in the garment" + +# anything made with leather + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "anything that someone made from leather" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it must be shown to the priest + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the owner must show it to a priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/50.md b/lev/13/50.md index 30d5c508f2..2fe924449a 100644 --- a/lev/13/50.md +++ b/lev/13/50.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## anything in which leather is used ## +# seven days -AT: "anything in which a person uses the leather" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"7 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## anything in which the harmful mildew is found ## +# seventh day -AT: "anything on which the priest found the harmful mildew" +"Seventh" is the ordinal number for 7. AT: "7th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## it can lead to disease ## +# anything in which leather is used + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "anything in which a person uses leather" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# anything in which the harmful mildew is found + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "anything on which he found the harmful mildew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the item is unclean + +Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it can lead to disease The harmful mildew could cause disease in a person who comes in contact with the item. -## the item must be completely burned up ## +# The item must be completely burned up -AT: "He must burn the item" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "He must burn the item completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/53.md b/lev/13/53.md index db72963af8..9a2d6d9326 100644 --- a/lev/13/53.md +++ b/lev/13/53.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## then he will command them ## +# then he will command them -"then the priest will command the owners" +"then the priest will command the owners" Here the priest is telling the people what to do with household items that were possibly infected. -## in which the mildew was found ## +# in which the mildew was found -AT: "in which the priest found the mildew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "in which they found the mildew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## after the mildewed item was washed ## +# after the mildewed item was washed -AT: "after they washed the mildewed item" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "after they washed the mildewed item" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## You must burn the item ## +# it is unclean -Here "you" does not mean Moses or Aaron specifically. It just means someone must burn the object. \ No newline at end of file +Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You must burn the item + +Here "you" does not refer to the priest specifically. It just means someone must burn the object. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/56.md b/lev/13/56.md index d0b5e4b0b0..e06b54755b 100644 --- a/lev/13/56.md +++ b/lev/13/56.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## after it was washed ## +# after it was washed -AT: "after the owner washed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "after the owner washed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## You must burn ## +# You must burn -Here "you" does not mean Moses or Aaron specifically. It just means someone must burn the the item. +Here "you" does not refer to the priest specifically. It just means someone must burn the item. -## if you wash the item ## +# if you wash the item -"if the owner washes it" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "if the owner washes it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## then the item must be washed ## +# then the item must be washed -AT: "then the owner must wash it" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "then the owner must wash it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will be clean + +Something that God has declared to be fit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/59.md b/lev/13/59.md index 04926473b9..a93f61f0f9 100644 --- a/lev/13/59.md +++ b/lev/13/59.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## mildew in a garment...made with leather ## +# mildew in a garment ... made with leather -See how you translated many of these words in [Leviticus 13:47](./47.md). +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:47-48](./47.md). -## so that you may pronounce it ## +# so that you may pronounce it -"so that a priest may declare it" \ No newline at end of file +"so that a priest may declare it" + +# clean or unclean + +Something that God has declared to be fit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically clean and something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/13/intro.md b/lev/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fa6da1ad6d --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Leviticus 13 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Skin disease ##### + +This chapter addresses the ways a priest was to decide if a person had a skin disease, which would make a person unclean. This was important because these diseases could have easily spread among the people in the ancient Near East. This is also true concerning things growing on clothing or things that touch a person's skin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/01.md b/lev/14/01.md index 3c20ea56f0..32b80b89ef 100644 --- a/lev/14/01.md +++ b/lev/14/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh tells Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. -## He must be brought to the priest ## +# the day of his cleansing -AT: "Someone must bring him to the priest" or "He must go to the priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the day on which the priest declares the person to be ritually clean. + +# He must be brought to the priest + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone must bring him to the priest" or "He must go to the priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/03.md b/lev/14/03.md index d9fba3f814..57bad85380 100644 --- a/lev/14/03.md +++ b/lev/14/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. -## infectious skin disease ## +# infectious skin disease -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 13:3](../13/03.md). +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](../13/03.md). -## the one to be cleansed ## +# the one to be cleansed -AT: 'the person he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## clean birds ## +# clean birds -This means ritually clean birds that God allowed the people to eat and offer as sacrifices. +Birds that God allowed the people to eat and offer as sacrifices are spoken of as if they were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## scarlet yarn ## +# scarlet yarn "red yarn" -## hyssop ## +# hyssop an herb with a pleasant smell that was used for medicine (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/06.md b/lev/14/06.md index 98815cb574..45d047c3ba 100644 --- a/lev/14/06.md +++ b/lev/14/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. -## the bird that was killed ## +# the bird that was killed -AT: "the bird that the person killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the bird that the person killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the person who is to be cleansed ## +# the person who is to be cleansed -AT: "the person he is cleansing" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the priest will pronounce him to be clean + +The person whom other people may touch and who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/08.md b/lev/14/08.md index 4158702c0c..ebff01a1c7 100644 --- a/lev/14/08.md +++ b/lev/14/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh tells Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. -## The person being cleansed ## +# The person who is being cleansed -AT: "The person the priest is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "The person whom the priest is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# then he will be clean + +The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/10.md b/lev/14/10.md index 7ade9a88a7..cfb089dedd 100644 --- a/lev/14/10.md +++ b/lev/14/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## he must take ## +# he must take Here "he" refers to the man who was cleansed. -## ephah ## +# ephah -One ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +One ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## log ## +# log -One log is 0.31 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +One log is 0.31 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## the person to be cleansed ## +# the person who is to be cleansed -AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/12.md b/lev/14/12.md index ee51ccb6d5..71fd109ab0 100644 --- a/lev/14/12.md +++ b/lev/14/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## log ## +# log -0.31 liters (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +One log is 0.31 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# in the area of the tabernacle + +This phrase clarifies the previous phrase and further defines where the priest was to kill the lamb. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/14.md b/lev/14/14.md index 50a20d9707..be6b044f18 100644 --- a/lev/14/14.md +++ b/lev/14/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the person who is to be cleansed ## +# the person who is to be cleansed -AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## log ## +# log -0.31 liters (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +One log is 0.31 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# sprinkle some of the oil ... before Yahweh + +"sprinkle some of the oil ... in Yahweh's presence." There is no indication of what the priest sprinkled the oil on. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/17.md b/lev/14/17.md index 818d84dfe8..5ea62b3cab 100644 --- a/lev/14/17.md +++ b/lev/14/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## the person to be cleansed ## +# the rest of the oil in his hand -AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the rest of the oil that is in his hand" + +# the person to be cleansed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person whom he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# before Yahweh + +"in Yahweh's presence" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/19.md b/lev/14/19.md index db6eef62b0..1e2e280f2f 100644 --- a/lev/14/19.md +++ b/lev/14/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## him who is to be cleansed ## +# him who is to be cleansed -AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he will be clean + +The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/21.md b/lev/14/21.md index 4a267250d5..fc6f5682f9 100644 --- a/lev/14/21.md +++ b/lev/14/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. -## cannot afford ## +# cannot afford "does not have enough money to buy" -## to be raised and presented ## +# to be waved ... for himself -AT: "to raise and present the one male lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that the priest will wave ... for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## one tenth of an ephah ## +# one-tenth of an ephah -22 liters (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +One-tenth of an ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## log ## +# log -0.31 liters \ No newline at end of file +One log is 0.31 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/24.md b/lev/14/24.md index b34c7a36d4..7bb5337ce8 100644 --- a/lev/14/24.md +++ b/lev/14/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## log ## +# log -0.31 liters (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +One log is 0.31 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## the one who is to be cleansed ## +# the one who is to be cleansed -AT: "the one the priest is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the one he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/26.md b/lev/14/26.md index f527d02944..d503e01a96 100644 --- a/lev/14/26.md +++ b/lev/14/26.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease. + +# sprinkle ... some of the oil ... before Yahweh + +"sprinkle ... some of the oil ... in Yahweh's presence." There is no indication of what the priest sprinkled the oil on. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/28.md b/lev/14/28.md index be03bf4d5f..9510b38dac 100644 --- a/lev/14/28.md +++ b/lev/14/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the one who is to be cleansed ## +# the one who is to be cleansed -AT: "the one he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the one he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/30.md b/lev/14/30.md index 54c5e5328a..cf600006e4 100644 --- a/lev/14/30.md +++ b/lev/14/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## He must offer ## +# He must offer -Here "he" refers to the man whom the priest is cleansing. +"The priest must offer" -## the one who is to be cleansed ## +# the one who is to be cleansed -AT: "the one he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the one he is cleansing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## infectious skin disease ## +# infectious skin disease -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 13:3](../13/03.md). +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](../13/03.md). -## who is not able to afford ## +# who is not able to afford -"who does not have enough money to buy" \ No newline at end of file +Translate this so it is clear that the person does not have enough money to purchase a standard offering. AT: "who does not have enough money to buy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/33.md b/lev/14/33.md index 1b697b787f..c8b5ced586 100644 --- a/lev/14/33.md +++ b/lev/14/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## When you have come ## +# When you have come Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## mildew ## +# mildew -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 13:47](../13/47.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this word in [Leviticus 13:47](../13/47.md). + +# in the land of your possession + +The word "possession" can be translated as a verb. AT: "in the land that you possess" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/36.md b/lev/14/36.md index d360f34e66..b29d9a2234 100644 --- a/lev/14/36.md +++ b/lev/14/36.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## nothing in the house will be made unclean ## +# so that nothing in the house will be made unclean -AT: "he does not need to declare anything left in the house as unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Once the priest declared the house to be unclean, everything in the house became unclean, as well. This can be translated in active form. AT: "so that he does not need to declare anything left in the house to be unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in the depressions in the walls' surface ## +# the house will be made unclean -This means the priest is to determine whether mildew has gone deeper that just the surface of the wall. \ No newline at end of file +The house that Yahweh has stated is unfit for people to touch or live in is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the depressions in the wall's surface + +This means the priest is to determine whether mildew has gone deeper that just the surface of the walls. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/39.md b/lev/14/39.md index f1d7672b41..7f852ae45f 100644 --- a/lev/14/39.md +++ b/lev/14/39.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## in which the mildew has been found ## +# in which the mildew has been found -AT: "the stones in which they found the mildew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "in which they found the mildew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# an unclean place + +A place that is unfit for people to occupy or to be used for God's purposes is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/41.md b/lev/14/41.md index 89e348a353..28e75db9b8 100644 --- a/lev/14/41.md +++ b/lev/14/41.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## He will require ## +# He will require -Here "he" refers to the priest. +Here "He" refers to the priest. -## all the inside walls of the house to be scraped ## +# all the inside walls of the house to be scraped -AT: "that the owner scrapes all the inside walls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that the owner scrapes all the inside walls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the contaminated material that is scraped off ## +# the contaminated material that is scraped off -"the material with mildew on it" +This refers to the material with mildew on it. This can be translated in active form. AT: "the contaminated material that they scraped off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the stones that were removed ## +# the unclean place -AT: "the stones that they removed" +A place that is unfit for people to occupy or to be used for God's purposes is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they must use new clay to plaster the house ## +# the stones that were removed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the stones that they removed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they must use new clay to plaster the house "they must cover the stones with new clay" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/43.md b/lev/14/43.md index 73a121a9bb..257d6d0397 100644 --- a/lev/14/43.md +++ b/lev/14/43.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the stones have been taken away and the walls have been scraped and then replastered ## +# in the house ... then replastered -AT: "after the owner takes away the stones, scrapes the walls, and covers the new stones with clay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "in the house after the owner takes away the stones, scrapes the walls, and covers the new stones with clay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the house is unclean + +A house that is unfit for people to occupy is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/45.md b/lev/14/45.md index 2cca372719..8435b91e2d 100644 --- a/lev/14/45.md +++ b/lev/14/45.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## The house must be torn down ## +# The house must be torn down -AT: "They must tear the house down" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "They must tear the house down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The stones, timber, and all the plaster in the house must be carried away ## +# The stones, timber, and all the plaster in the house must be carried away -AT: "They must carry away the stones, timber, and all the plaster of the house" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "They must carry away the stones, timber, and all the plaster in the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## until evening ## +# whoever goes into the house ... will be unclean + +A person whom other people may not touch and who is not acceptable for God's purposes because he has entered the house is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until evening "until sunset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/48.md b/lev/14/48.md index dc38b87444..cbfcd641dd 100644 --- a/lev/14/48.md +++ b/lev/14/48.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the house was plastered ## +# the house was plastered -AT: "the owner put new clay on the stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the owner put new clay on the stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he will pronounce the house clean + +A place that is fit for people to occupy is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/49.md b/lev/14/49.md index cd3a6a4524..68215127b8 100644 --- a/lev/14/49.md +++ b/lev/14/49.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## cedar wood, and scarlet yarn, and hyssop ## +# cedar wood, and scarlet yarn, and hyssop -See how you translated these in [Leviticus 14:3](./03.md). +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 14:4](./03.md). -## the blood of the killed bird ## +# the blood of the killed bird -AT: "The blood of the bird that he killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the blood of the bird that he killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/52.md b/lev/14/52.md index b66cb16b44..17f3592bfd 100644 --- a/lev/14/52.md +++ b/lev/14/52.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## He will cleanse the house ## +# He will cleanse the house -"The priest will make the house ritually clean" \ No newline at end of file +"The priest will make the house ritually clean" + +# it will be clean + +A house that is fit for people to occupy is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/54.md b/lev/14/54.md index 6d1818e196..36b3ca1a28 100644 --- a/lev/14/54.md +++ b/lev/14/54.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## infectious skin disease ## +# infectious skin disease -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 13:3](../13/03.md). +See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](../13/03.md). -## mildew ## +# mildew -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 13:47](../13/47.md). +See how you translated this word in [Leviticus 13:47](../13/47.md). -## rash ## +# rash -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 13:5](../13/05.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this word in [Leviticus 13:6](../13/05.md). + +# unclean or ... clean + +People and items that other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean, and those which people may touch are spoken of as if they were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/14/intro.md b/lev/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c3f89ad771 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Leviticus 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Skin disease and mildew ##### + +This chapter addresses the ways a priest was to decide if a person had a skin disease, which would make a person unclean. This was important because these diseases could have easily spread among the people in the ancient Near East. This was also true for the things which could have touched a person's skin. This chapter explains how the priest was to treat the person suffering with a skin disease. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/01.md b/lev/15/01.md index ffd3ea0838..aa126e7abf 100644 --- a/lev/15/01.md +++ b/lev/15/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## comes out of his body ## +# comes out of his body -This refers to the male sex organ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the man's private parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# he becomes unclean + +The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it is unclean + +"his body is unclean" or "he is unclean" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/04.md b/lev/15/04.md index 4f84e55929..996a259660 100644 --- a/lev/15/04.md +++ b/lev/15/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## until evening ## +# unclean + +The bed or anything that the man sits on that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Whoever touches his bed ... be unclean + +The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until evening "until sunset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/06.md b/lev/15/06.md index 20e8ef52db..f9a39d9a88 100644 --- a/lev/15/06.md +++ b/lev/15/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## until evening ## +# he will be unclean + +The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until evening "until sunset" -## who touches the body ## +# who touches the body "who touches any part of the body" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/08.md b/lev/15/08.md index e9e8399be7..19f9b91828 100644 --- a/lev/15/08.md +++ b/lev/15/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## saddle ## +# someone who is clean -a leather seat that a person puts on the back of a horse to make riding easier \ No newline at end of file +The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will be unclean + +The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# saddle + +A saddle is a leather seat that a person puts on the back of a horse in order to ride it. + +# Any saddle ... will be unclean + +Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/10.md b/lev/15/10.md index d04f1ad8bc..8e724d93ab 100644 --- a/lev/15/10.md +++ b/lev/15/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do to avoid infection. -## that person ## +# that person This refers to the person with the infected fluid. -## until evening ## +# will be unclean + +The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until evening "until sunset" -## Whomever he who has such a flow ## +# Whomever he who has such a flow touches -AT: "Whomever the person with the infected flow touches" +"Whomever the person with the infected flow touches" -## the person who was touched ## +# the person who was touched -AT: "the person whom he touched" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the person whom he touched" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Any clay pot that the one with such a flow of fluid touches must be broken + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone must break any clay pot that the one with such a flow of fluid touches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every container of wood must be rinsed in water + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone must rinse every wooden container in water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/13.md b/lev/15/13.md index 638735f1b6..e6bae740d1 100644 --- a/lev/15/13.md +++ b/lev/15/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## is cleansed ## +# is cleansed from his flow -"recovers" \ No newline at end of file +The man recovering from his sickness is spoken of as if he becomes physically clean. This can be stated in active form. AT: "recovers from his flow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Then he will be clean + +The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/16.md b/lev/15/16.md index 944f3b3070..a049d16499 100644 --- a/lev/15/16.md +++ b/lev/15/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## until evening ## +# unclean until evening + +People and objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until evening "until sunset" -## must be washed with water ## +# Every garment ... must be washed with water -AT: "someone must wash it with water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone must wash with water every garment or leather on which there is semen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/19.md b/lev/15/19.md index c567eaae0b..a3cd3f2bdb 100644 --- a/lev/15/19.md +++ b/lev/15/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## menstruate...her period ## +# menstruates ... her period Both of these refer to the time when blood flows from a woman's womb. -## her impurity will continue ## +# her impurity will continue -"she will be unclean" \ No newline at end of file +"she will continue to be impure" + +# will be unclean + +People and objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/21.md b/lev/15/21.md index 0035c84512..4a7ab88b9b 100644 --- a/lev/15/21.md +++ b/lev/15/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## her bed ## +# her bed This refers to the woman who is menstruating. -## until evening ## +# that person will be unclean + +The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until evening "until sunset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/24.md b/lev/15/24.md index 9bbef246ff..7d8b24a979 100644 --- a/lev/15/24.md +++ b/lev/15/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## her impure flow ## +# her impure flow -"her unclean flow" or "the blood from her womb" \ No newline at end of file +"her unclean flow" or "the blood from her womb" + +# will be unclean + +People and objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/25.md b/lev/15/25.md index b6340d5e56..85e226f638 100644 --- a/lev/15/25.md +++ b/lev/15/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## she will be as if she were in the days of her period ## +# she will be as if she were in the days of her period -This means that if the woman bleeds from her womb at any time other than her regular menstruation time, she is still unclean just like during her menstruation. \ No newline at end of file +This means that if the woman bleeds from her womb at any time other than her regular menstruation time, she is still unclean just like during her menstruation. + +# She is unclean ... Whoever touches ... will be unclean + +People whom other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# everything on which she sits will be unclean + +Objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/28.md b/lev/15/28.md index b10332c531..4ec1e5bf01 100644 --- a/lev/15/28.md +++ b/lev/15/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## But if she ## +# But if she The word "she" refers to the woman who is menstruating. -## is cleansed ## +# is cleansed from her flow of blood -"recovers" or "gets well" \ No newline at end of file +The woman recovering from her bleeding is spoken of as if she becomes physically clean. This can be stated in active form. AT: "recovers from her flow of blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# she will be clean + +The woman whom other people may touch is spoken of as if she were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# she will take to her + +"she will take for herself" + +# her unclean flow of blood + +"her flow of blood that makes her unclean" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/31.md b/lev/15/31.md index ecd05568d6..f5c9e23f22 100644 --- a/lev/15/31.md +++ b/lev/15/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## This is how you must separate the people of Israel from their uncleanness ## +# This is how you must separate the people of Israel from their uncleanness -Yahweh has just told Moses and Aaron how an unclean person can become clean and how others can avoid becoming unclean. The people must be clean before they can come worship Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of preventing the people from becoming unclean as if it were keeping the people at a safe distance from uncleanness. The abstract noun "uncleanness" can be stated as "unclean." AT: "This is how you must prevent the people of Israel from becoming unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# their uncleanness + +People whom other people may not touch and who are not acceptable for God's purposes are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/32.md b/lev/15/32.md index 9d79f26c7e..2f03855af4 100644 --- a/lev/15/32.md +++ b/lev/15/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## These are the regulation ## +# These are the regulations "These are the things that must be done" -## who has a menstrual period ## +# makes him unclean ... an unclean woman + +People whom other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who has a menstrual period "who is menstruating" or "who is bleeding from her womb" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/15/intro.md b/lev/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..629def1995 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Leviticus 15 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Bodily fluid ##### +This chapter discusses fluids that come out of the body. These fluids caused a person to be unclean because of their potential to cause diseases. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +##### Cleanliness ##### +While these rules about cleanliness are intended to benefit the Israelites and promote their health, they also were about making Israel into a separate and holy nation, different from the rest of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/01.md b/lev/16/01.md index 0d13d679a9..59e290d84c 100644 --- a/lev/16/01.md +++ b/lev/16/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Aaron's two sons ## +# Aaron's two sons -This refers to Nadab and Abihu. They died because they brought fire to Yahweh which he did not approve. (See: [Leviticus 10:1](../10/01.md)) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Nadab and Abihu. They died because they brought fire to Yahweh that he did not approve. (See: [Leviticus 10:1-2](../10/01.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/03.md b/lev/16/03.md index b2f59f6f1e..8453c33f6a 100644 --- a/lev/16/03.md +++ b/lev/16/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## So here is how ## +# So here is how "This is how" -## undergarments ## +# undergarments -“underwear.” These are clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. +"underwear." This is clothing worn next to the skin under the outer clothes. -## sash ## +# sash -a piece of cloth which ties around the waist or chest +a piece of cloth that ties around the waist or chest -## turban ## +# turban -a head covering +This is a head covering made from wrapped strips of cloth. -## from the assembly ## +# from the assembly "from the congregation" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/06.md b/lev/16/06.md index 22a4965afb..421e934a1d 100644 --- a/lev/16/06.md +++ b/lev/16/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Then Aaron must present the bull as a sin offering, which will be for himself, to make atonement for himself and his family ## +# the sin offering, which will be for himself -"Aaron must present the bull as his sin offering to make atonement for himself and his family" \ No newline at end of file +"the sin offering for himself" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/08.md b/lev/16/08.md index 941707af45..2a9d49b601 100644 --- a/lev/16/08.md +++ b/lev/16/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## scapegoat ## +# the scapegoat -This goat carried the sins of the people. The goat was sent out of the camp which represented God removing the sins from the people. +"the goat that is sent away." Aaron was to have someone set the goat free in the wilderness. -## must be brought alive before Yahweh ## +# on which the lot fell -AT: "someone must present it alive before Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"which the lot designated" + +# But the goat ... must be brought alive before Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But Aaron must bring the goat ... alive before Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/11.md b/lev/16/11.md index 2904f80149..47fd9e1ca1 100644 --- a/lev/16/11.md +++ b/lev/16/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron must do on the Day of Atonement. -## He must make atonement for himself and his family, so he must kill the bull as a sin offering for himself ## +# he must kill the bull -"He must kill the bull as a sin offering to make atonement for himself and his family" - -## he must kill the bull ## - -Aaron would catch the blood of the bull in a bowl so he could later sprinkle it on the atonement lid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Aaron would catch the blood of the bull in a bowl so he could later sprinkle it on the atonement lid. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/12.md b/lev/16/12.md index 6af34101f6..822eb98837 100644 --- a/lev/16/12.md +++ b/lev/16/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## censer ## +# censer -a container for fire and incense which priests used \ No newline at end of file +a container for fire and incense, used by the priests + +# sweet incense + +"sweet-smelling incense." This refers to the smell and not to the taste of the incense. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/14.md b/lev/16/14.md index 35b436386f..fa76abc9e5 100644 --- a/lev/16/14.md +++ b/lev/16/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## the blood of the bull ## +# the blood of the bull -This is the blood Aaron caught with a bowl in 16:11. +This is the blood Aaron caught with a bowl in [Leviticus 16:11](./11.md). -## sprinkle it with his finger ## +# sprinkle it with his finger He used his finger to splash the blood. -## on the front of the atonement lid ## +# on the front of the atonement lid -He did put the blood on the top part of the lid. He put it on the side of the lid which faced him as he entered the most holy place. +He put the blood on the top part of the lid. He also put it on the side of the lid that was towards him as he entered the most holy place. -## seven times before the atonement lid ## +# before the atonement lid -"seven times below the atonement lid onto the chest" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "below the atonement lid onto the chest" or 2) "onto the ground in front of the atonement lid." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/15.md b/lev/16/15.md index bf8cd6583a..9061a7806f 100644 --- a/lev/16/15.md +++ b/lev/16/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron must do on the Day of Atonement. -## he must sprinkle it on the atonement lid and then before the atonement lid ## +# He must sprinkle it on the atonement lid and then before the atonement lid -"he must sprinkle it on the side of the atonement lid and then below the atonement lid onto the chest" +Aaron sprinkled the blood in the same manner that he did with the bull's blood. See how you translated the previous instructions in [Leviticus 16:14](./14.md). -## he must make atonement for the holy place because of the unclean actions of the people ## +# He must make atonement for the holy place because of the unclean actions of the people of Israel -The sins of the people made the holy place unclean. +The sins of the people of Israel made the holy place unclean. -## unclean actions...rebellion...sins ## +# unclean actions ... rebellion ... sins These words mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people have committed all kinds of sins. -## where Yahweh lives among them, in the presence of their unclean actions ## +# unclean actions -"where Yahweh lives among the people who do sinful things" \ No newline at end of file +Sinful actions which make people unacceptable to Yahweh are spoken of as if they were physically unclean actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the presence of their unclean actions + +The phrase "their unclean actions" represents the people who commit sinful actions. AT: "in the presence of people who commit sinful actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/17.md b/lev/16/17.md index c521996011..319622e877 100644 --- a/lev/16/17.md +++ b/lev/16/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## he must go out to the altar that is before Yahweh ## +# He must go out to the altar that is before Yahweh This is the altar of sacrifice just inside the courtyard of the tabernacle. -## and make atonement for it ## +# make atonement for it Like the holy place and tent of meeting, the altar is unclean because of the sins of the people. -## horns of the altar ## +# horns of the altar -This refers to the corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:6](../04/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +"the projections at the corners of the altar." This refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](../04/06.md). + +# to cleanse it + +The altar being fit to be used for God's purposes is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# set it apart to Yahweh, away from the unclean actions of the people of Israel + +The altar being dedicated to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were physically separated from the sins of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the unclean actions + +Sinful actions which make people unacceptable to Yahweh are spoken of as if they were physically unclean actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/20.md b/lev/16/20.md index 4c1263e456..d8ecb76d49 100644 --- a/lev/16/20.md +++ b/lev/16/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## he must present the live goat ## +# he must present the live goat -This is the same as the scapegoat mentioned in 16:10. +This goat is called the scapegoat in verse [Leviticus 16:10](./08.md). -## Aaron must lay both of his hands on the head of the live goat ## +# confess over him -This shows that Aaron is placing sins of the people from the past year on the goat who will take them away. +"confess over the goat" -## wickedness...rebellion...sins ## +# he must put that sinfulness on the head of the goat -These all mean basically the same thing. Aaron is confessing every kind of sin that the people committed. +Aaron's actions here were a symbolic transfer of the people's sin to the goat as a sign that the goat would bear the punishment for their guilt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## the wilderness ## +# wickedness ... rebellion ... sins -A place where no one could live for long. Many people thought of such a place as belonging to evil spirits. - -## Then he must put that sinfulness on the head of the goat...let the goat go free ## - -The goat now represents all the sins of the people. By setting it free into the wilderness, it represents God removing the guilt of the people. \ No newline at end of file +These all mean basically the same thing. Aaron is confessing every kind of sin that the people committed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/23.md b/lev/16/23.md index 37b984cd09..c40de8dcfe 100644 --- a/lev/16/23.md +++ b/lev/16/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## and take off the linen garments ## +# take off the linen garments These were the special garments Aaron wore only when he entered the most holy place. -## He must bathe his body in water in a holy place ## +# He must bathe his body in water in a holy place Here "holy place" does not refer to the tent of meeting. This was a different place set aside for him to bathe himself. -## put on his normal garments ## +# put on his normal garments These are the clothes that Aaron wore for his ordinary duties. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/25.md b/lev/16/25.md index b934d85fe1..4c484b1957 100644 --- a/lev/16/25.md +++ b/lev/16/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## He must burn ## +# He must burn "Aaron must burn" -## The man who let the scapegoat go free must wash his clothes and bathe his body in water ## +# The man who let the scapegoat go free must wash his clothes and bathe his body in water -The man was unclean because of his contact with the scapegoat which carried the sin of the people. +The man was unclean because of his contact with the scapegoat, which carried the sin of the people. -## scapegoat ## +# scapegoat -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 16:8](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file +"the goat that is sent away." See how you translated this in [Leviticus 16:8](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/27.md b/lev/16/27.md index c04caf62a5..1126c08fdb 100644 --- a/lev/16/27.md +++ b/lev/16/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## whose blood was brought ## +# whose blood was brought -AT: "whose blood Aaron brought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "whose blood Aaron brought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## must be carried ## +# must be carried -AT: "someone must carry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "someone must carry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## their hides ## +# their hides "their skins." Here "their" refers to the bull and the goat. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/29.md b/lev/16/29.md index 2836370757..33287ad3cd 100644 --- a/lev/16/29.md +++ b/lev/16/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## It will always be a statute for you...you must humble yourselves and do no work ## +# for you -Yahweh repeats this in 16:31 for emphasis. +The word "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## for you ## +# in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month -Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on the western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## atonement will be made for you ## +# atonement will be made for you -AT: "Aaron will make atonement for you" or "Aaron will atone for your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Aaron will make atonement for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## It is a solemn Sabbath of rest for you ## +# to cleanse you ... so you will be clean -This is not the same as the Sabbath they observed every week on the seventh day. This was a special Sabbath on the day of atonement. \ No newline at end of file +People who are acceptable for God's purposes are spoken of as if they were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is a solemn Sabbath of rest for you + +This is not the same as the Sabbath they observed every week on the seventh day. This was a special Sabbath on the Day of Atonement. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/32.md b/lev/16/32.md index 6be8bdb72f..39277e1a2d 100644 --- a/lev/16/32.md +++ b/lev/16/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## the one who will be anointed and consecrated ## +# the one who will be anointed and ordained -AT: "the one they will anoint and set apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the one they will anoint and ordain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in his father’s place ## +# in his father's place When the high priest died, one of his sons would replace him. -## the holy garments ## +# the holy garments -These are the special clothes the high priest must wear when he enters the most holy place. +These are special clothes the high priest must wear when he enters the most holy place. -## for all the people of the assembly ## +# for all the people of the assembly -for all the people of Israel \ No newline at end of file +"for all the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/34.md b/lev/16/34.md index 6c71721107..4bd39db4be 100644 --- a/lev/16/34.md +++ b/lev/16/34.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh finishes telling Moses what the people must do on the Day of Atonement. -## And it was done as Yahweh commanded Moses ## +# This was done as Yahweh commanded Moses -AT: "And Moses did all that Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "And Moses did as Yahweh commanded" or "And Aaron did as Yahweh commanded Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/16/intro.md b/lev/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6a881d85e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Leviticus 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Holiness ##### +Because Yahweh is holy, he can only be approached in a certain way. This could only happen on a specific day, by a specific person, and only after they offered the proper sacrifice to make themselves clean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) + +##### Day of Atonement ##### +This chapter gives rules for what the high priest had to do on the Day of Atonement. This was the most important day in Judaism. This is when he interceded for the sins of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/01.md b/lev/17/01.md index 77b8deee58..ca7a57e0ab 100644 --- a/lev/17/01.md +++ b/lev/17/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## ox, lamb, or goat ## +# before his tabernacle -These are the main animals the Israelites used for sacrifices. +"before Yahweh's tabernacle" -## that man is guilty of bloodshed ## +# that man must be cut off from among his people -"that man will be guilty as if he murdered someone" - -## and that man must be cut off from among his people ## - -AT: "and you must remove him from Yahweh's people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/19.md). AT: "that person may no longer live among his people" or "you must separate that person from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/05.md b/lev/17/05.md index 1b712f5647..dfdcca5f78 100644 --- a/lev/17/05.md +++ b/lev/17/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## to the priest to be sacrificed ## +# to the priest to be sacrificed -AT: "to the priest so he may sacrifice them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## instead of offering sacrifices in an open field ## - -Yahweh wants to prevent the people from offering sacrifices out in the fields to false gods. \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "to the priest so he may sacrifice them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/07.md b/lev/17/07.md index 8b57162cc7..da7dedeacb 100644 --- a/lev/17/07.md +++ b/lev/17/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## for which they act as prostitutes ## +# for which they act as prostitutes -This means the people are unfaithful to Yahweh by worshiping false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The people being unfaithful to Yahweh by worshiping false gods is spoken of as if they were acting like a man who betrays his wife by committing adultery. AT: "for which they are unfaithful to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a permanent statute for them throughout their people's generations ## +# a permanent statute for them throughout their people's generations -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 3:15](../03/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this phrase in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/08.md b/lev/17/08.md index 424f7708eb..41ddd15d41 100644 --- a/lev/17/08.md +++ b/lev/17/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## that man must be cut off from his people ## +# that man must be cut off from his people -AT: "you must remove that man from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/19.md). AT: "that person may no longer live among his people" or "you must separate that person from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/10.md b/lev/17/10.md index fc596d07cd..5e7b785dfc 100644 --- a/lev/17/10.md +++ b/lev/17/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## I will set my face against that person ## +# I will set my face against that person -"I will turn my face away from you." This means Yahweh will reject the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom means he "firmly decided." AT: "I have made up my mind to oppose that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## For the life of an animal is in its blood...that atones for the life ## +# will set my face against -This means God uses the blood to pay for the sins of the people because the blood is life. The people should not consume the blood because it has this special purpose. \ No newline at end of file +"will stare angrily at" + +# I will cut him off from among his people + +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. AT: "I will not permit that person to live among his people any longer" or "I will separate that person from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For the life of an animal is in its blood ... that atones for the life + +This means God uses the blood to atone for the sins of the people because the blood is life. The people should not consume the blood because it has this special purpose. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/12.md b/lev/17/12.md index c6f12f10bb..89cb0ee772 100644 --- a/lev/17/12.md +++ b/lev/17/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## I said ## +# I said Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -## must eat blood ## +# no one among you must eat blood -"may eat meat with blood in it" or "may consume blood" +"no one among you may eat meat with blood in it" -## that may be eaten ## +# that may be eaten -AT: "that I have said they may eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that I have said they may eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and cover the blood with earth ## +# cover the blood with earth -"and cover the blood with dirt" \ No newline at end of file +"cover the blood with dirt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/14.md b/lev/17/14.md index 3434f8bc2f..52835e68c1 100644 --- a/lev/17/14.md +++ b/lev/17/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## the life of each creature is its blood" ## +# the life of each creature is its blood -AT: "the blood of an animal gives it life" +This means that the blood is enables the creature to be alive. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "each creature is able to live because of its blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## You must not eat the blood of any animal ## +# Whoever eats it must be cut off -AT: "You must be careful not to eat the blood of an animal even if it is in the meat" - -## Whoever eats it must be cut off ## - -AT: "You must remove from the people anyone who consumes blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Whoever eats blood may no longer live among his people" or "You must separate from his people anyone who eats blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/15.md b/lev/17/15.md index 6cfb62763a..a477c98ed3 100644 --- a/lev/17/15.md +++ b/lev/17/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## that has been torn by wild animals ## +# that has been torn by wild animals -AT: "that wild animals have killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +An animal being killed by wild animals is spoken of as if the wild animals tore the animal to pieces. This can be translated in active form. AT: "that wild animals have killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## is native born ## +# is native born "is an Israelite" -## until the evening ## +# he will be unclean ... Then he will be clean + +The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean and the person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until the evening "until sunset" -## then he must carry his guilt ## +# then he must carry his guilt -AT: "then he is responsible for his own guilt" or "then I will punish him for his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +A person's guilt is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. Here the word "guilt" represents the punishment for that guilt. AT: "then he is responsible for his own guilt" or "then I will punish him for his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/17/intro.md b/lev/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4ffd6adfd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Leviticus 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sacrifices ##### +Sacrifices could only be offered by the priests at the temple. Any other sacrifice was strictly prohibited. This was probably intended to ensure that the people were only offering sacrifices to Yahweh and not to another god. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The life of each creature is its blood" ##### +It is unclear why the life is described as being in the blood. It is possible that diseases were more common in the blood and this is why it was prohibited. Blood is also necessary for life to continue in a creature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/01.md b/lev/18/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 69fe983486..0000000000 --- a/lev/18/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/04.md b/lev/18/04.md index e43eefd68c..a8d27b5f1e 100644 --- a/lev/18/04.md +++ b/lev/18/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## My laws are what you must do, and my commandants are what you must keep, so that you walk in them ## +# My laws are what you must do, and my commandments are what you must keep -These three clauses mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "You must obey everything I command you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people must obey everything that Yahweh has commanded them to do. You can translate this parallelism into one statement that conveys the requirement to keep all of Yahweh's commands. AT: "You must obey all of my laws and commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# so that you walk in them + +Obeying Yahweh's commandments is spoken of as if the commandments were a path on which the person walks. AT: "so that you conduct your behavior according to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/06.md b/lev/18/06.md index 8953c32677..667d38cd02 100644 --- a/lev/18/06.md +++ b/lev/18/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## your father's wives ## +# your father's wives Sometimes men had more than one wife. God did not allow a son to sleep with any woman married to his father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/09.md b/lev/18/09.md index 8973035939..0a17d2a326 100644 --- a/lev/18/09.md +++ b/lev/18/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## whether she is the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother ## +# whether she is the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother This means a man cannot sleep with his sister if they have the same parents or even if she has a different mother or father. -## whether she was raised at your home or distant from you ## +# whether she was raised at your home or distant from you -AT: "whether she grew up at your home or far away from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "whether she grew up at your home or far away from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Do not have sexual relations with your father's wife's daughter ## +# Do not sleep with your father's wife's daughter -Possible meanings are 1) "Do not sleep with your half-sister (UDB) or 2) "Do not sleep with your step-sister." Here the man would not have the same father or mother as the woman. They became brother and sister when their parents married. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "Do not sleep with your half-sister" or 2) "Do not sleep with your stepsister." Here the man does not have the same father or mother as the woman. They became brother and sister when their parents married. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/12.md b/lev/18/12.md index 2484e5d856..92b5dee2ac 100644 --- a/lev/18/12.md +++ b/lev/18/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Do not go near her for that purpose ## +# Do not go near her for that purpose "Do not go to her in order to sleep with her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/15.md b/lev/18/15.md index 718a3f6b46..6e9c43f8a8 100644 --- a/lev/18/15.md +++ b/lev/18/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## do not have sexual relations with her ## +# do not sleep with her -Yahweh repeats this command for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh repeats this in order to emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/17.md b/lev/18/17.md deleted file mode 100644 index 69fe983486..0000000000 --- a/lev/18/17.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/19.md b/lev/18/19.md index bc270030ee..1b1d784970 100644 --- a/lev/18/19.md +++ b/lev/18/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## menstruation ## +# menstruation -the period of time when a woman bleeds from her womb +This is the period of time when a woman bleeds from her womb. -## your neighbor's wife ## +# She is unclean + +The woman whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your neighbor's wife "any man's wife" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/21.md b/lev/18/21.md index 5d9f513662..9ddccd32d7 100644 --- a/lev/18/21.md +++ b/lev/18/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must NOT do that would defile them. +# General Information: -## give any of your children to pass through the fire ## +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must not do that would defile them. -AT: "burn your children alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# You must not give any of your children to put them into the fire -## profane the name of your God ## +The phrase "to pass through the fire" means to burn something with fire as a sacrifice. AT: "You must not burn your children alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "dishonor my reputation" or "bring shame on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# you must not profane the name of your God + +Here the word "profane" means to dishonor. The word "name" represents God himself. AT: "you must not dishonor your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/22.md b/lev/18/22.md index 008fd437ba..c165ee0d38 100644 --- a/lev/18/22.md +++ b/lev/18/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## This would be perversion ## +# This would be perversion -This means it goes against how God intended for men and women to have sexual relations. \ No newline at end of file +Here "perversion" refers to a violation of the natural order of things as Yahweh intended them to be. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/24.md b/lev/18/24.md index 850af417b1..33b3d89d9a 100644 --- a/lev/18/24.md +++ b/lev/18/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## the nations are defiled ## +# the nations are defiled -This refers to the people-groups already living in Canaan. AT: "the people of the nations defiled themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the people groups already living in Canaan. Translate this so the term "nations" is clarified as people. AT: "the people of the nations defiled themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## from before you ## +# The land became defiled -"when you enter their land the nations will be pushed out" +"The people defiled the land" -## The land became defiled ## +# the land vomited out its inhabitants -"The sins of the people made their land unclean" - -## the land vomited out its inhabitants ## - -AT: "the land rejected those living there" or "I will expel them from the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh forcibly removing the people from the land is spoken of as if the land were a person who vomited the people out. AT: "I forcibly removed the people from the land, like a person vomits up food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/26.md b/lev/18/26.md index a7a5bb0686..a5d52e7d81 100644 --- a/lev/18/26.md +++ b/lev/18/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## any of these detestable things ## +# any of these detestable things -"any of these terrible things" +"any of these disgusting things" -## Therefore be careful ## +# this is the wickedness + +This refers to "these detestable things." + +# Therefore be careful "Therefore be careful to obey me" -## so that the land does not vomit you up also...as it vomited out the people ## +# so that the land does not vomit you up ... as it vomited out the people -AT: "so that I do not expel you from the land...as I expelled the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh forcibly removing the people from the land is spoken of as if the land were a person who vomited the people out. See how you translated this metaphor in [Leviticus 18:25](./24.md). AT: "so that I do forcibly remove you from the land ... as I forcibly removed the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/29.md b/lev/18/29.md index 0ba4dc7583..fd8295ea46 100644 --- a/lev/18/29.md +++ b/lev/18/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh finishes telling Moses what the people must NOT do. +# General Information: -## the persons who do such things will be cut off from among their people ## +Yahweh finishes telling Moses what the people must not do. -AT: "you must remove him from the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# the persons ... will be cut off from among their people -## to practice any of these detestable customswhich were practiced here before you ## +People being excluded from the community is spoken of as if they had been cut off from their people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. AT: "the persons ... may no longer live among their people" or "you must separate the persons ... from their people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "to do any of these terrible things which the people did here before you came" +# which were practiced here before you -## by them ## +This can be translated in active form. AT: "which the people did here before you came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by them Here "them" refers to the detestable customs. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/18/intro.md b/lev/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e0f1434690 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Leviticus 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sexual morality ##### + +This chapter gives certain standards for sexual morality. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/01.md b/lev/19/01.md index 69fe983486..bf8847156f 100644 --- a/lev/19/01.md +++ b/lev/19/01.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# keep my Sabbaths + +"observe my Sabbaths" or "respect my day of rest" + +# Do not turn to worthless idols + +Worshiping idols is spoken of as if it were physically turning towards them. AT: "Do not begin to worship worthless idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/05.md b/lev/19/05.md index 1a2c9553b9..39cc139fae 100644 --- a/lev/19/05.md +++ b/lev/19/05.md @@ -1,37 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## When you offer a sacrifice of fellowship offerings to Yahweh ## +# you must offer it that you may be accepted -"When you bring an offering of peace to Yahweh" +This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will accept the person offering the sacrifice. AT: "you must offer it properly so that I will accept you" or 2) Yahweh will accept the sacrifice from the person. AT: "you must offer it properly so that I will accept your sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you must offer it ## +# It must be eaten -AT: "you must offer it properly" or "you must offer in the way that Yahweh tells you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You must eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that you may be accepted ## +# it must be burned -AT: "so that Yahweh will accept you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must burn it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## It must be eaten ## +# If it is eaten at all -AT: "You must eat the meat of the animal you sacrificed" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "If you eat any of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## it must be burned ## +# It must not be accepted -AT: "you must burn it" +To eat the offering after the designated time is against God and increases the guilt the offering was to cover. This can be translated in active form. AT: "You may not accept it for eating" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## If it is eaten at all ## +# everyone ... must carry his own guilt -AT: "If you eat any of it all" +A person's guilt is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. Here the word "guilt" represents the punishment for that guilt. AT: "everyone ... is responsible for his own guilt" or "Yahweh will punish everyone ... for his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## It must not be accepted ## +# That person must be cut off from his people -AT: "You may not accept it for eating" - -## must carry his own guilt ## - -"is responsible for the wrong he has done" or "Yahweh will punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## That person must be cut off from his people ## - -AT: "You must remove him from the people" \ No newline at end of file +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/19.md). AT: "that person may no longer live among his people" or "you must separate that person from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/09.md b/lev/19/09.md index 72c02e010f..0b2ace9470 100644 --- a/lev/19/09.md +++ b/lev/19/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## When you reap the harvest of your land, you must not completely reap the corners of your field ## +# When you reap the harvest of your land, you must not completely reap the corners of your field -"When you gather your crops, do not gather the crops all the way to the edges of your fields" +"When you gather your crops, do not gather all the way to the edges of your fields" -## neither will you gather all the produce of your harvest ## +# neither will you gather all the produce of your harvest -"and do not go back and pick up all that you left behind" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the practice of going back over the fields a second time to gather any produce that remained after the first time. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "and do not go back and pick up all that you left behind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/11.md b/lev/19/11.md index 3d2ea03f8e..863267ce48 100644 --- a/lev/19/11.md +++ b/lev/19/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Do not not swear by my name falsely ## +# Do not swear by my name falsely "Do not use my name to swear about something that is not true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/13.md b/lev/19/13.md index f6baa77a2a..98ac8a883b 100644 --- a/lev/19/13.md +++ b/lev/19/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Do not oppress your neighbor or rob him ## +# Do not oppress your neighbor or rob him -Here "neighbor" means "anyone." AT: "Do not hurt or rob anyone" +Here "neighbor" means "anyone." The meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "Do not hurt or rob anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The wages of a hired servant must not stay with you all night until the morning ## +# The wages of a hired servant must not stay with you all night until the morning -The command was for the employer to pay his servant at sundown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh commands the employer to pay his servant promptly when his work is done that day. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/15.md b/lev/19/15.md index d990f739b9..7361799e52 100644 --- a/lev/19/15.md +++ b/lev/19/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Do not cause judgment to be false ## +# Do not cause judgment to be false -"Do not judge unfairly." AT: "Judge everyone fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This double negative is used for emphasis. It can be expressed in a positive way. AT: "Always judge rightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## You must not show favoritism to someone because he is poor, and you must not show favoritism to someone because he is important ## +# You must not show favoritism to someone because he is poor, and you must not show favoritism to someone because he is important -The words "poor" and "important" can be combined to mean "anyone." AT: "You must not show favoritism to anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +The words "poor" and "important" are two extremes, which together mean "anyone." You can translate this to clarify the terms. AT: "You must not show favoritism to anyone based on how much money they have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## judge your neighbor righteously ## +# judge your neighbor righteously "judge everyone according to what is right" -## Do not walk around spreading false gossip ## +# Do not walk around spreading false gossip -"Do not go around speaking gossip to other people" - -## seek to protect your neighbor's life ## - -"seek to protect a person's life by telling the truth" \ No newline at end of file +"Do not go around gossiping to other people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/17.md b/lev/19/17.md index ce7c04334c..3d8923c7b1 100644 --- a/lev/19/17.md +++ b/lev/19/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## You must honestly rebuke your neighbor ## +# Do not hate your brother in your heart + +Continually hating a person is spoken of as if it were hating a person in the heart. AT: "Do not continually hate your brother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You must honestly rebuke your neighbor "You must correct a person who is sinning" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/19.md b/lev/19/19.md index 84f31c4717..152b31fcd2 100644 --- a/lev/19/19.md +++ b/lev/19/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## clothing made of two kinds of material mixed together ## +# clothing made of two kinds of material mixed together -AT: "clothing that someone made from two kinds of thread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "clothing that someone made from two kinds of material" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/20.md b/lev/19/20.md index badd126e82..24a91fd8fd 100644 --- a/lev/19/20.md +++ b/lev/19/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## who is promised to a husband ## +# who is promised to a husband -AT: "who is engaged to marry another man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "who is engaged to marry another man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## but who has not been ransomed or given her freedom, they must be punished ## +# but who has not been ransomed or given her freedom -AT: "but the man to whom she is engaged has not paid to free her from slavery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "but whom her future husband has not ransomed or given her freedom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they must be punished ## +# they must be punished -AT: "you must punish the slave girl and the man who slept with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must punish the slave girl and the man who slept with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They must not be put to death ## +# They must not be put to death -AT: "You must not kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You must not kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## A man must bring his guilt offering to Yahweh to the entrance to the tent of meeting- a ram as a guilt offering ## +# A man must bring his guilt offering to Yahweh to the entrance to the tent of meeting—a ram as a guilt offering -a ram as a guilt offering** - "The man must bring a ram as a guilt offering to Yahweh to the entrance of the tent of meeting" \ No newline at end of file +"A man must bring a ram as a guilt offering to Yahweh to the entrance of the tent of meeting" + +# the sin which he has committed will be forgiven + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive the sin which he has committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/23.md b/lev/19/23.md index 9f1bb90a1c..d8695ba77b 100644 --- a/lev/19/23.md +++ b/lev/19/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## then you must regard the fruit they have produced as being forbidden to be eaten. The fruit must be forbidden to you for three years. It must not be eaten ## +# then you must regard the fruit they produce as forbidden to be eaten ... It must not be eaten -AT: These sentences are repeated for emphasis. AT: "you are forbidden to eat their fruit for the first three years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +Yahweh repeats the prohibition in order to emphasize it and to clarify that it is in force for the first three years that the tree bears fruit. Translate this to clarify the period of time the trees must be left alone. AT: "then you must not eat the fruit of the trees for the first three years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the fruit they produce as being forbidden to be eaten. ## +# you must regard the fruit they produce as forbidden to be eaten -"Yahweh does not allow you to eat that fruit." [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must regard the fruit they produce as something that I have forbidden you to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The fruit must be forbidden to you + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I have forbidden the fruit to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It must not be eaten + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You must not eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/26.md b/lev/19/26.md deleted file mode 100644 index 69fe983486..0000000000 --- a/lev/19/26.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/29.md b/lev/19/29.md index 69fe983486..e375d681ae 100644 --- a/lev/19/29.md +++ b/lev/19/29.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# the nation will fall to prostitution and the land will become full of wickedness + +Here the words "nation" and "land" represent the people who live there. Many people practicing prostitution and other wicked deeds is spoken of as if the they have fallen into or become full of those things. AT: "the people will begin to practice prostitution and many wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/31.md b/lev/19/31.md index 992d592f54..4cd1298a68 100644 --- a/lev/19/31.md +++ b/lev/19/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Do not seek them out, or they will defile you ## +# the dead or with spirits -"Do not seek those people out. They will defile you." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) that "the dead" and "spirits" are two different things or 2) that this is a doublet that means "the spirits of dead people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Do not seek them out, or they will defile you + +"Do not seek those people out. If you do, they will defile you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/32.md b/lev/19/32.md index daae8f1bef..ee013cbe40 100644 --- a/lev/19/32.md +++ b/lev/19/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## You must rise ## +# You must rise -Standing up in front of someone is a sign of respect. +Standing up in front of someone is a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## the gray-headed person ## +# the gray-headed person -headed person** - "an old person" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to a person whose hair has turned gray from age, or "an old person." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/33.md b/lev/19/33.md deleted file mode 100644 index 69fe983486..0000000000 --- a/lev/19/33.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/35.md b/lev/19/35.md index bd3e1d3634..4912f7d456 100644 --- a/lev/19/35.md +++ b/lev/19/35.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Do not use false measures ## +# Do not use false measures -"Do not be dishonest" +This prohibits the practice of intentionally using instruments that give inaccurate readings when measuring things. -## ephah ## +# ephah -This was a measurement for grain. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +This was a measurement for grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## hin ## +# hin -This was a measurement for liquids. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +This was a measurement for liquids. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## must obey...and do them ## +# must obey ... and do them -These mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the command for obedience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/19/intro.md b/lev/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..26cac12235 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Leviticus 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Obeying Yahweh ##### + +Being holy meant obeying Yahweh in all matters of a person's life. It is not limited to offering correct sacrifices. The law helped to establish righteousness in a person's life, as well as justice in Israel. In Israel, these concepts are closely related. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/01.md b/lev/20/01.md index 2e9e1d5683..8179da7ba3 100644 --- a/lev/20/01.md +++ b/lev/20/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## gives any of his children to Molech ## +# gives any of his children to Molech -AT: "kills any of his children as a sacrifice to Molech" +Those who worshiped Molech sacrificed their children to him by means of fire. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "kills any of his children as a sacrifice to Molech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## must certainly be put to death. The people in the land must stone him with stones ## +# must certainly be put to death. The people in the land must stone him with stones -AT: "the people in the land must stone him to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the people in the land must stone him to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/03.md b/lev/20/03.md index 058a1fc782..5120b8e6ab 100644 --- a/lev/20/03.md +++ b/lev/20/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## I also will set my face against that man ## +# I also will set my face against that man -"I will turn my face away from him." This means Yahweh will reject the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom means he "firmly decided." AT: "I have made up my mind to oppose that man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he has given his child ## +# will set my face against + +"will stare angrily at" + +# he has given his child "he has sacrificed his child" -## profane my holy name ## +# so as to defile my holy place and profane my holy name -AT: "dishonor my reputation" or "dishonor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"and by doing that, he has defiled my holy place and profaned my holy name" -## close their eyes to ## +# profane my holy name -AT: "disregard" or "ignore" (UDB) +God's name represents God and his reputation. AT: "dishonor my reputation" or "dishonor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who prostitutes himself in order to play the harlot with Molech ## +# close their eyes to -Often Yahweh compares those who are unfaithful to him and worship false gods to prostitutes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "to close their eyes" implies they "cannot see." This speaks of ignoring something as not seeing. AT: "disregard" or "ignore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who prostitutes himself in order to play the harlot with Molech + +This phrase compares those who are unfaithful to Yahweh to prostitutes. AT: "who is unfaithful to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/06.md b/lev/20/06.md index d1b788f8da..2e96d9eee9 100644 --- a/lev/20/06.md +++ b/lev/20/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## so as to prostitute themselves with them ## +# so as to prostitute themselves with them -Here "prostitute" means the people are unfaithful to Yahweh. AT: "so as to seek advise from them rather than from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This phrase compares the unfaithful people to prostitutes. AT: "by doing that, they seek advice from the spirits rather than from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## set my face against ## +# I will set my face against that person -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 20:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +This idiom means he "firmly decided." AT: "I have made up my mind that I will oppose that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will set my face against + +"will stare angrily at" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/08.md b/lev/20/08.md index 08dab3659f..629c6b4064 100644 --- a/lev/20/08.md +++ b/lev/20/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## You must keep my commandments and carry them out ## +# You must keep my commands and carry them out -The words "keep" and "carry out" mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "keep" and "carry out" mean basically the same thing. They are used together in order to emphasize that the people must obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## must surely be put to death ## +# must surely be put to death -AT: "you must surely put to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must surely put to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/10.md b/lev/20/10.md index a72bacb708..21628601ad 100644 --- a/lev/20/10.md +++ b/lev/20/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## The man who commits adultery with another man’s wife, that is, anyone who commits adultery with his neighbor’s wife ## +# The man who commits adultery with another man's wife, that is, anyone who commits adultery with his neighbor's wife -AT: "The man who commits adultery with someone's wife" +The full meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "The man who commits adultery with someone else's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## certainly be put to death ## +# certainly be put to death -AT: "you must certainly put both of them to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must certainly put both of them to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The man who lies down with his father’s wife to have sexual relations ## +# lies down with his father's wife to sleep with her -"The man who has sex with his father's wife" +This is a polite way of saying that he had sex with his father's wife. Some languages use more direct phrases such as "has sex with his father's wife." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## They have committed perversion ## +# They have committed perversion -This means it goes against how God intended for men and women to have sexual relations. See how you translated "perversion" in [Leviticus 18:22](../18/22.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here God calls a man having sex with his son's wife a "perversion", a serious sin. See how you translated "perversion" in [Leviticus 18:23](../18/22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/13.md b/lev/20/13.md index 16da3653f4..703c7cbee5 100644 --- a/lev/20/13.md +++ b/lev/20/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## something detestable ## +# a man sleeps with -"something shameful" or "something deserving intense dislike" +This is a polite way of saying that he had sex with another man. Some languages use more direct phrases such as "a man had sex with." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## They must surely be put to death ## +# as with a woman -AT: "You must surely put them to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The way he treats the man is the same way he would treat a woman. AT: "just like he would with a woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## They must be burned, both he and the women ## +# something detestable -AT: "You must burn to death the man and the women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"something shameful" or "something repulsive" + +# They must surely be put to death + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You must surely put them to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They must be burned, both he and the women + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "You must burn to death both the man and the women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/15.md b/lev/20/15.md index 62e6a6ec79..06e21be7b2 100644 --- a/lev/20/15.md +++ b/lev/20/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## he must surely be put to death ## +# he must surely be put to death -AT: "you must surely put him to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must surely put him to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you must kill the woman and the animal. They must certainly be put to death ## +# you must kill the woman and the animal. They must certainly be put to death -Both clauses mean the same thing. They emphasize that the woman and animal must die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both clauses mean the same thing. They emphasize that the woman and animal must die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# They must certainly be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must certainly put them to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/17.md b/lev/20/17.md index 803945f899..59af6cc3c1 100644 --- a/lev/20/17.md +++ b/lev/20/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## either his father’s daughter or his mother’s daughter ## +# a man sleeps with -AT: "whether it is his full-sister or half-sister." This means a man cannot sleep with his sister if they have the same parents or even if she has a different mother or father. +This is a polite way of saying that he had sex with his sister. Some languages use more direct phrases such as "a man had sex with." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## They must be cut off ## +# either his father's daughter or his mother's daughter -AT: "You must remove them from the community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This means a man cannot sleep with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "whether it is his full sister or half-sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## He must carry his guilt ## +# must be cut off from -AT: "He is responsible for his sin" or "You must punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this idea in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/19.md). AT: "that person may no longer live among his people" or "you must separate that person from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## menstrual period ## +# He must carry his guilt + +This phrase means the man is responsibile for his sin. AT: "He is responsible for his sin" or "You must punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# menstrual period the time when a woman bleeds from her womb -## Both the man and the woman must be cut off ## +# he has uncovered the flow of her blood, the source of her blood -AT: "You must remove both the man and the woman from the community" \ No newline at end of file +This phrase compares having sex with a woman during her menstrual period to removing the cover off of something that should remain hidden. The fact that this was a shameful thing to do can be stated clearly. AT: "he has done a shameful thing by by uncovering the flow of her blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Both the man and woman must be cut off + +It can be stated clearly why this must be done. AT: "Because they have done this shameful thing, both the man and woman must be cut off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/19.md b/lev/20/19.md index 9c6e1f28dd..b9dbfbdb31 100644 --- a/lev/20/19.md +++ b/lev/20/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## You must carry your own guilt ## +# sleeps with -AT: "You are responsible for your sin" or "I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is a polite way of saying that he had sex with his aunt. Some languages use more direct phrases such as "had sex with." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## lies down with ## +# You must carry your own guilt -This means to have sex. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The idiom "carry your own guilt" means "you are responsible for your own sin." AT: "You are responsible for your sin" or "I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## it is impurity ## +# I will take away any inheritance their children might receive from their parents -"it is unclean" or "it is immoral" \ No newline at end of file +Many versions of the Bible translate this as "they will die childless." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/22.md b/lev/20/22.md index 3809247277..e3fe0bb975 100644 --- a/lev/20/22.md +++ b/lev/20/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## the land into which I am bringing you to live will not vomit you up ## +# the land into which I am bringing you to live will not vomit you up -AT: "the land to which I am bringing you will not reject you" or "I do not expel you from the land to which I am bringing you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase describes the land as a vomiting person who needs to reject bad food. Instead of rejecting bad food, the land rejects the people and removes them. See how you translated this metaphor in [Leviticus 18:25](../18/24.md). AT: "the land to which I am bringing you will not reject you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# You must not walk in + +Doing the actions of idol worshipers is spoken of as walking in their ways. AT: "you must not follow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# drive out + +"remove" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/24.md b/lev/20/24.md index 3da1ffc4f4..69d88a1ee4 100644 --- a/lev/20/24.md +++ b/lev/20/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## a land flowing with milk and honey ## +# a land flowing with milk and honey -"a land where plenty of milk and honey flow." This means that the land will be rich and productive, so there will be enough food for everyone. AT: "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "flowing with milk and honey" means "that is rich and productive with enough food for everyone." AT: "a land that is excellent for cattle and farming" or "a productive land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/26.md b/lev/20/26.md index 5e8a5f9a03..0013ded48c 100644 --- a/lev/20/26.md +++ b/lev/20/26.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this verse. \ No newline at end of file +# I have separated you + +"I have distinguished you" or "I have set you apart" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/27.md b/lev/20/27.md index f0df877328..4e24dd7909 100644 --- a/lev/20/27.md +++ b/lev/20/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## must certainly be put to death ## +# talks with -AT: "you must certainly put to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"attempts to communicate with" + +# must certainly be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they must certainly put to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/20/intro.md b/lev/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..592e6ebdfe --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Leviticus 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Punishments for serious sins ##### + +This chapter compiles a list of serious sins. The most serious sins are punished by death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Euphemism ##### + +"To see someone's nakedness" means to live as husband and wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +##### Metaphor ##### +The phrase "you must carry your own guilt" is a metaphor. It is unknown what this means, but it is possible it indicates a penalty of death. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/01.md b/lev/21/01.md index a741dcacc7..b0bde1c786 100644 --- a/lev/21/01.md +++ b/lev/21/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## among his people ## +# make himself unclean -"among the Israelites" \ No newline at end of file +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# among his people + +"among the Israelites" + +# virgin + +This can also be translated as "young woman" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/04.md b/lev/21/04.md index 7c8fe0c5eb..8ef5240fe6 100644 --- a/lev/21/04.md +++ b/lev/21/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## they must be separate ## +# corners -"they must be holy" or "they must be set apart" +"edges" or "any part" -## not disgrace the name of their God ## +# They must be holy -AT: "not disgrace God's reputation" or "not disgrace their God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"They must be set apart" -## the "food" of their God ## +# not disgrace the name of their God -"the food offering to their God." Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. It means the priests burnt these offering on Yahweh's altar. \ No newline at end of file +This word "name" is used to represent Yahweh's character. AT: "not disgrace God's reputation" or "not disgrace their God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the bread of their God + +Here "bread" represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. It is the sincerity of those offering the food that pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/07.md b/lev/21/07.md index 002b565648..317b7044ab 100644 --- a/lev/21/07.md +++ b/lev/21/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## They must not ## +# They must not -"Priests must not" +"The priests must not" -## You must sanctify him ## +# for they are separate + +"for they are set apart" + +# You will set him apart "You people must treat the priest as holy" -## for he offers the "food" from your God ## +# for he is the one who offers bread to your God -AT: "for he burns the food offering on Yahweh's altar" +Here "bread" represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. Translate this in a way that makes it clear that Yahweh does not actually eat the food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## He must be holy in your sight ## +# He must be holy to you -AT: "You must regard him as holy" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must regard him as holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## She must be burned ## +# She must be burned -AT: "You must burn her to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must burn her to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/10.md b/lev/21/10.md index 08b1baecb4..1a851ed34b 100644 --- a/lev/21/10.md +++ b/lev/21/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the priests must do. -## on whose head the anointing oil has been poured, and who has been consecrated ## +# anointing oil -AT: "on whose head they poured anointing oil and consecrated him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is a reference to the anointing oil used in the ceremony consecrating a new the high priest. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## must not wear his hair loose or tear his clothes ## +# on whose head the anointing oil has been poured, and who has been consecrated -These are signs of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "on whose head they poured anointing oil and consecrated him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## must not leave the sanctuary area ## +# must not wear his hair loose or tear his clothes -This does not mean he could never leave. God did not allow him to leave in order to grieve over someone who has died. \ No newline at end of file +Loose hair and torn clothes were signs of mourning. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# must not leave the sanctuary area + +This does not mean the high priest could never leave. God did not allow him to leave in order to grieve over someone who died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/13.md b/lev/21/13.md index 53f4099105..c664913230 100644 --- a/lev/21/13.md +++ b/lev/21/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## from his own people ## +# from his own people -"from among his own tribe, the tribe of Levi" \ No newline at end of file +"from among his own tribe, the tribe of Levi" + +# he will not defile his children among his people + +By marrying an unholy or ungodly woman, the priest would have children unworthy to be priest. AT: "that he will not have unworthy children by marrying an ungodly woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/16.md b/lev/21/16.md index 7c7c845b1c..f783c35234 100644 --- a/lev/21/16.md +++ b/lev/21/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## he must not approach to offer the 'food' of his God ## +# he must not approach to offer the food to his God -AT: "he must not come to burn the food offering on God's altar" \ No newline at end of file +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "he must not come to burn the burnt offering of food on God's altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/18.md b/lev/21/18.md index f595774188..1399798e1c 100644 --- a/lev/21/18.md +++ b/lev/21/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## must not approach Yahweh ## +# must not approach Yahweh -This means he must not approach to offer sacrifices on God's altar. +A priest had to meet specific physical standards in order to approach Yahweh. This does not imply that physical defects were the result of immorality or that all people with physical defects are unable to approach Yahweh. -## one who is disfigured ## +# one who is disfigured or deformed "one whose body or face is deformed" -## hunchbacked ## +# to offer the bread of his God -a person whose back has an abnormal curve in it - -## dwarfed ## - -an unusually short person - -## to offer the 'food' of his God ## - -AT: "to burn food offerings on God's altar" \ No newline at end of file +Here "bread" represents food in general. AT: "to make burnt offering of food on God's altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/22.md b/lev/21/22.md index 30ffc918c6..e8fd6f52d8 100644 --- a/lev/21/22.md +++ b/lev/21/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## He may ## +# He may Here "he" refers to the priest with the bodily defect. -## eat the 'food' of his God ## +# eat the food of his God -This means he may eat the parts of the sacrifices that belong to the priests. \ No newline at end of file +"eat the food offering of his God." Parts of the sacrifices belonged to the priests and could be eaten. + +# some of the most holy or some of the holy + +This also refers to the food that was sacrificed. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "some of the sacrifices offered in the most holy place or some of the sacrifices offered in the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to his sons + +"to Aaron's sons" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/21/intro.md b/lev/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4b2833fc52 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Leviticus 21 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Priests must be holy ##### + +Priests must be separate from the rest of the world. Priests should not do anything that would be unclean. They also cannot be unclean because of a birth defect, and they must not marry an unclean woman. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/01.md b/lev/22/01.md index 0ebb6c33d0..b8de749457 100644 --- a/lev/22/01.md +++ b/lev/22/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## tell them to keep away from the holy things ## +# tell them to keep away from the holy things "tell them when they should keep away from the holy things." Yahweh is about to describe situations where a priest is unclean and not allowed to touch holy things. -## profane my holy name ## +# profane my holy name -AT: "dishonor my reputation" or "dishonor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "profane" here means to dishonor. The word "name" represents Yahweh's character. AT: "dishonor my reputation" or "dishonor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## throughout your people's generations ## +# throughout your generations -AT: "from now on" +"from now on" -## that person must be cut off ## +# while he is unclean -AT: "you must remove that person from the community" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that person must be cut off from before me + +A priest no longer being able to serve Yahweh is spoken of as if that person had been cut off from Yahweh's presence, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. AT: "that person will no longer be able to serve as a priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/04.md b/lev/22/04.md index c548dbee18..5aefb864c6 100644 --- a/lev/22/04.md +++ b/lev/22/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## infectious skin disease ## +# infectious skin disease -a disease on the skin that can easily spread from one person to another +a disease on the skin easily spread from one person to another -## from his body ## +# an infection flowing from his body -AT: "from his private parts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"a bodily discharge" -## the sacrifices made to Yahweh ## +# from his body -AT: "the sacrifices that someone has offered to Yahweh" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is a polite way of referring to a man's private parts. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 15:1](../15/01.md). AT: "from his private parts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## or whoever touches any creeping animal that makes him unclean, or any person who makes him unclean, ## +# until he is clean -AT: "or whoever is unclean from touching a creeping animal or from touching another unclean person" +A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## until evening ## +# Whoever touches anything unclean + +Something that Yahweh has said is unfit to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# through contact with the dead + +"by touching a dead body" + +# the sacrifices made to Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sacrifices that someone has offered to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# or whoever touches any creeping animal that makes him unclean, or any person who makes him unclean + +This can be made explicit. AT: "or whoever is unclean from touching a creeping animal or from touching another unclean person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the priest ... will be unclean + +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until evening "until sunset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/07.md b/lev/22/07.md index 939377c7aa..ca1a1b1ebf 100644 --- a/lev/22/07.md +++ b/lev/22/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## he will then be clean ## +# he will then be clean -"the priest will then be clean" +"the priest will then be considered clean." A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## found dead or killed by wild animals ## +# found dead or killed by wild animals -AT: "that someone finds dead or that a wild animal has killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that someone found dead or that a wild animal has killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/10.md b/lev/22/10.md index 4b1b40ddba..62301754d1 100644 --- a/lev/22/10.md +++ b/lev/22/10.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron and his sons must do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/12.md b/lev/22/12.md index 4cbc02e50f..32c384fc6d 100644 --- a/lev/22/12.md +++ b/lev/22/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the holy contribution offerings ## +# the holy contribution offerings -"the holy offerings" \ No newline at end of file +The word "contribution" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "the holy offerings which people have contributed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/14.md b/lev/22/14.md index 6824231f9f..8dd9b205ee 100644 --- a/lev/22/14.md +++ b/lev/22/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## that they have raised high and presented ## +# he must repay the priest for it; he must add one-fifth to it -"that they have offered" +Possible meanings are 1) that the person had to replace the food that he had eaten with the same kind of food or 2) that the person had to pay money to the priest for the food that he had eaten. -## and cause themselves to carry the sin that would make them guilty ## +# one-fifth -"and cause themselves to sin and be guilty" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is one part out of five equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# must not dishonor the holy things + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "must treat the holy things with honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# that they have raised high and presented + +The phrase "raised high" refers to a symbolic gesture of respect that represents offering something to Yahweh. It means basically the same thing as "presented." AT: "that they have offered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# cause themselves to carry the sin that would make them guilty + +Sin is spoken of as if it were an object that people can carry. Possible meanings are 1) they would be responsible for the sin and so become guilty. AT: "they would be guilty for the sin that they committed" or 2) the word "sin" is a metonym for punishment for the sin that they committed. AT: "they would receive the punishment because they are guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/17.md b/lev/22/17.md index 743ea53b6b..9e89bc0d86 100644 --- a/lev/22/17.md +++ b/lev/22/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## an alien ## +# an alien "a foreigner" -## if it is to be accepted ## +# if it is to be accepted -AT: "if Yahweh is to accept it" or "if I am to accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if Yahweh is to accept it" or "if I, Yahweh, am to accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/20.md b/lev/22/20.md index b30d733caa..ecee0f11a5 100644 --- a/lev/22/20.md +++ b/lev/22/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## to be accepted ## +# to be accepted -AT: "for me to accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for me to accept it" or "for Yahweh to accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/22.md b/lev/22/22.md index a8166d0a3f..442a733e5c 100644 --- a/lev/22/22.md +++ b/lev/22/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## disabled, or maimed ## +# disabled, or maimed -This refers to defects caused by accidents. +These words refer to defects caused by accidents. -## warts, sores, or scabs ## +# warts, sores, or scabs -These are types of skin diseases. +These refer to types of skin diseases. -## will not be accepted ## +# will not be accepted -AT: "I will not accept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not accept" or "Yahweh will not accept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## deformed or small ## +# deformed or small -This refers to defects the animal has from birth. \ No newline at end of file +These words refer to defects the animal has from birth. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/24.md b/lev/22/24.md index b0cff6d4de..3d4ead3795 100644 --- a/lev/22/24.md +++ b/lev/22/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## from a foreigner's hand ## +# must not present the bread of your God -AT: "from a foreigner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "bread" represents food in general. God did not actually eat the sacrifices. Priests would offer the sacrifice on God's altar, and they would eat some of the meat. AT: "must not present an animal as a food offering to your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## as food presented to God ## +# from the hand of a foreigner -God did not actually eat the sacrifices. Priests would offer the sacrifice on God's altar, and they would eat some of the meat. AT: "as a food offering to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "hand" represents the whole person. It is implied that Israelites could not use animals as a sacrifice to God if they bought it from a foreigner, because foreigners castrated their animals making them unacceptable to God. AT: "that a foreigner has given you, because they castrate their animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they will not be accepted for you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will not accept them from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/26.md b/lev/22/26.md index 3b8f66e1c4..ed0b7948d8 100644 --- a/lev/22/26.md +++ b/lev/22/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## it may be accepted ## +# it may be accepted -AT: "you may accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you may accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for an offering made by fire ## +# for an offering made by fire -AT: "for a burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for a burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/28.md b/lev/22/28.md index 58a266fcfd..2e833fc798 100644 --- a/lev/22/28.md +++ b/lev/22/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## It must be eaten ## +# It must be eaten -AT: "You must eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that it is sacrificed ## +# that it is sacrificed -AT: "that you sacrificed it" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you sacrificed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/31.md b/lev/22/31.md index 932d09d738..e08b372eb3 100644 --- a/lev/22/31.md +++ b/lev/22/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## keep my commandments and carry them out ## +# keep my commandments and carry them out -The words "keep" and "carry out" mean the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey God's commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "keep" and "carry out" mean the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey God's commands. AT: "obey my commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## You must not dishonor my holy name ## +# You must not dishonor my holy name -AT: "You must honor my holy reputation" or "You must honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself and his reputation. AT: "You must not dishonor me" or "You must not dishonor my holy reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I must be acknowledged as holy by the people of Israel ## +# I must be acknowledged as holy by the people of Israel -AT: "The people of Israel must acknowledge me as holy" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Israel must acknowledge me as holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/22/intro.md b/lev/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d170ece2b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Leviticus 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Holy things ##### + +Priests who are unclean must not touch any holy thing. The things in the temple and involved in sacrifices must remain clean. An unclean priest would cause anything he touched to become unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/01.md b/lev/23/01.md index c35b7c42ca..5384d64126 100644 --- a/lev/23/01.md +++ b/lev/23/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## The appointed festivals for Yahweh, which you must proclaim as holy assemblies, are my regular festivals ## +# the appointed festivals for Yahweh -"You must proclaim my special feasts as a holy time to gather and worship me." \ No newline at end of file +These were festivals that the Lord had appointed times for. The people were to worship him at these festivals. AT: "the festivals for Yahweh" or "Yahweh's festivals" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/03.md b/lev/23/03.md index 6b3699558b..a7d586d785 100644 --- a/lev/23/03.md +++ b/lev/23/03.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do on special days and times. -## Sabbath of complete rest ## +# the seventh day is a Sabbath of complete rest -This emphasizes it is a day for full and solemn rest. \ No newline at end of file +This is something the people must do habitually. After every six days in which they can work, they must rest on the seventh day. + +# a holy assembly + +The requirement that people assemble to worship God on that day is spoken of as if that day were the assembly. AT: "a holy day, when you must assemble together to worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/04.md b/lev/23/04.md index fc80148d43..eadd6ecc7c 100644 --- a/lev/23/04.md +++ b/lev/23/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## at their appointed times ## +# at their appointed times -"at their proper times scheduled by Yahweh" +"at their proper times" -## month...day ## +# first month, on the fourteenth day of the month ... the fifteenth day of the same month -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]] \ No newline at end of file +The first month of the Hebrew calendar marks when Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The fourteenth day and fifteenth day are around the beginning of April on the Western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# at twilight + +"at sunset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/07.md b/lev/23/07.md index 1bd25b33b3..ef06aab2bf 100644 --- a/lev/23/07.md +++ b/lev/23/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## a sacrifice made by fire ## +# The first day you must set apart to gather together -"burnt offering" +"You must set apart the first day to gather together" or "You must treat the first day as different and gather together" -## for seven days ## +# will present a food offering -They offered a burnt sacrifice each day for seven days. \ No newline at end of file +They would present it to Yahweh by burning it on the altar. + +# The seventh day is an assembly set apart to Yahweh + +The requirement that people assemble on that day is spoken of as if that day were the assembly. Being set apart to Yahweh means that when they assemble, they must worship Yahweh. AT: "The seventh day is a day when you must assemble together to worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/09.md b/lev/23/09.md index 99fd106575..9599f91bc4 100644 --- a/lev/23/09.md +++ b/lev/23/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## a sheaf of its firstfruits ## +# a sheaf of its firstfruits "the first sheaf" or "the first bundle of grain." A "sheaf" is a bunch of grain that a person has tied together. -## for it to be accepted ## +# for it to be accepted -AT: "for me to accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for Yahweh to accept it" or "and I will accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/12.md b/lev/23/12.md index 9355ecf335..99e99a702c 100644 --- a/lev/23/12.md +++ b/lev/23/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## ephah ## +# two-tenths of an ephah -An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +An ephah is 22 liters. AT: "four and a half liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## hin ## +# a fourth of a hin -A hin is 3.70 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +A hin is 3.7 liters. AT: "one liter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## nor roasted or fresh grain ## +# nor roasted or fresh grain "nor cooked or uncooked grain" -## This will be a permanent command throughout your people's generations ## +# This will be a permanent statute throughout your people's generations -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 3:15](../03/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/15.md b/lev/23/15.md index d3a91dd3eb..0233b134f5 100644 --- a/lev/23/15.md +++ b/lev/23/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## day...weeks ## +# General Information: -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]] +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## to be lifted up and presented ## +# fifty days -AT: "for the priest to lift up and present" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"50 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## fifty days ## +# seventh -"50 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the ordinal for number seven. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/17.md b/lev/23/17.md index 771521b7f3..67dab2391e 100644 --- a/lev/23/17.md +++ b/lev/23/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## made from two tenths of an ephah. They must be made from fine flour and baked with yeast ## +# General Information: -AT: "which you must make from two tenths of an ephah of flour and then bake it with yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## two tenths of an ephah ## +# made from two-tenths of an ephah. They must be made from fine flour and baked with yeast -This represents approximately 4.5 liters. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you have made from two-tenths of an ephah of flour and then baked with yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that will be raised and presented ## +# two-tenths of an ephah -AT: "that the priest will raise and present" \ No newline at end of file +This is approximately 4.5 liters. AT: "four and a half liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# producing a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +The Lord's pleasure with the aroma represents his pleasure with the person who burns the offering. AT: "Yahweh will be pleased with you" or "that pleases the Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/19.md b/lev/23/19.md index 69fe983486..bc810681f8 100644 --- a/lev/23/19.md +++ b/lev/23/19.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/22.md b/lev/23/22.md index 6e0d055ca2..feb771f32b 100644 --- a/lev/23/22.md +++ b/lev/23/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## When you reap the harvest of your land, you must not completely reap the corners of your fields ## +# General Information: -"When you gather your crops, do not gather the crops all the way to the edges of your fields" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. + +# When you reap the harvest of your land, you must not completely reap the corners of your fields + +"When you gather your crops, do not gather them all the way to the edges of your fields" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/23.md b/lev/23/23.md index 0c17df735c..c0fb4c6bf4 100644 --- a/lev/23/23.md +++ b/lev/23/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## month ## +# the seventh month, the first day of that month -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]] +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## a solemn rest ## +# a solemn rest -a period of time that was only for worship and not for work \ No newline at end of file +a period of time that was only for worship and not for work + +# you must offer a sacrifice made by fire to Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must offer a sacrifice that you make by fire to Yahweh" or "you must burn an offering on the altar to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/26.md b/lev/23/26.md index b06d7654a7..5ca9893aa2 100644 --- a/lev/23/26.md +++ b/lev/23/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## tenth day of this seventh month ## +# tenth day of this seventh month -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]] +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Day of Atonement ## +# the Day of Atonement -On this one day the high priest made an offering to Yahweh in the most holy place for all of the sins of the people of Israel. - -## It must be an assembly for Yahweh's honor that you celebrate ## - -"You must gather to worship and honor Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +On this day each year the high priest made a sacrifice to Yahweh so that Yahweh would forgive all the sins of the people of Israel. AT: "the Day of Sacrifice for Forgiveness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/28.md b/lev/23/28.md index eaff5f71b1..decc10b0c9 100644 --- a/lev/23/28.md +++ b/lev/23/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## must be cut off from his people. ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "you must remove him from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do every year. + +# must be cut off from his people + +Being excluded is spoken of as being cut off. See how you translated this idea in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/19.md). AT: "must be excluded from his people" or "you must separate that person from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/30.md b/lev/23/30.md index b50664366a..0cf26eebfe 100644 --- a/lev/23/30.md +++ b/lev/23/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## on that day ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do every year. + +# on that day "on the Day of Atonement" -## This will be a permanent command throughout your people's generations ## +# This will be a permanent statute throughout your people's generations -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 3:15](../03/15.md). +This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/15.md). -## a Sabbath of solemn rest ## +# a Sabbath of solemn rest -This is not the same as the Sabbath they observed every week on the seventh day. This was a special Sabbath on the day of atonement. +This is not the same as the Sabbath they observed every week on the seventh day. This was a special Sabbath on the Day of Atonement. -## from evening to evening ## +# you must humble yourselves -"from sunset to sunset on the next day" \ No newline at end of file +In this case humbling themselves implies that they would not eat any food. This can be stated clearly. AT: "you must humble yourselves and eat nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the ninth day of the month + +This refers to the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The ninth day is near the end of September on Western calendars. This can be made explicit. AT: "the ninth day of the seventh month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# From evening to evening + +"From sunset to sunset on the next day" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/33.md b/lev/23/33.md index 3c3dfda739..a8e08fb083 100644 --- a/lev/23/33.md +++ b/lev/23/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## fifteenth day of the seventh month ## +# fifteenth day of the seventh month -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]] +This is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Festival of Shelters ## +# Festival of Shelters -A celebration where the people of Israel lived in temporary shelters for seven days as a way to remember the time they spent living in the wilderness after leaving Egypt. \ No newline at end of file +This is a celebration during which the people of Israel lived in temporary shelters for seven days as a way to remember the time they spent living in the wilderness after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/35.md b/lev/23/35.md index 3c61bebce1..e5a73fad52 100644 --- a/lev/23/35.md +++ b/lev/23/35.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is giving instructions for the Festival of Shelters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/37.md b/lev/23/37.md index 6ad11b6557..4218772407 100644 --- a/lev/23/37.md +++ b/lev/23/37.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## These are the appointed festivals ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do every year. + +# These are the appointed festivals This refers to the festivals mentioned in 23:1-36. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/39.md b/lev/23/39.md index d2ea1332ad..c0011a23df 100644 --- a/lev/23/39.md +++ b/lev/23/39.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Festival of Shelters ## +# Connecting Statement: -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 23:33](./33.md). +Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do every year. -## when you have gathered in the fruits ## +# Festival of Shelters -"after you have gathered the crops" +This is a celebration during which the people of Israel lived in temporary shelters for seven days as a way to remember the time they spent living in the wilderness after they left Egypt. See how you translated it in [Leviticus 23:34](./33.md). -## fifteenth day of the seventh month ## +# fifteenth day of the seventh month -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]] \ No newline at end of file +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# when you have gathered in the fruits + +The word "fruits" here represents various kinds of crops. AT: "after you have gathered the crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/40.md b/lev/23/40.md index 08f1cde8af..0191287f27 100644 --- a/lev/23/40.md +++ b/lev/23/40.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues his instructions for the Festival of Shelters. -## branches of palm trees...willows from streams ## +# branches of palm trees ... willows from streams -Possible meanings are 1) the people made temporary shelters out of these branches or 2) people waved these branches as part of their joyous celebration. +Possible uses for these branches are 1) to make temporary shelters or 2) to wave them as part of their joyous celebration. Some translations state their use clearly; other translations leave it implicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## willows ## +# willows -trees with long, narrow leaves which grows near water (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +trees with long, narrow leaves, which grow near water (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/42.md b/lev/23/42.md index 94345e44dc..8fad9b2249 100644 --- a/lev/23/42.md +++ b/lev/23/42.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Yahweh continues his instructions for the Festival of Shelters. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues his instructions for the Festival of Shelters. + +# your descendants, generation after generation, may learn + +"Generation after generation" is an idiom that refers to each generation that lives after another. AT: "your descendants belonging to all future generations may learn" or "all your descendants may learn forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/23/intro.md b/lev/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..26f9b94eae --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Leviticus 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### The feasts ##### +The people should celebrate the Sabbath, the Passover, the Feast of First Fruits, the Feast of Weeks, the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement and the Feast of Booths. These feasts were important for the religious life of Israel. They were a part of proper worship of Yahweh and the identity of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/firstfruit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/01.md b/lev/24/01.md index 8d8b40f64b..59a3a868bf 100644 --- a/lev/24/01.md +++ b/lev/24/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## oil beat from olives ## +# General Information: -"olive oil" \ No newline at end of file +God gives Moses instructions about the things in the tent of meeting. + +# pure oil beaten from olives + +"pure olive oil" + +# the lamp + +This refers to the lamp or lamps in Yahweh's sacred tent. This can be stated clearly. AT: "the lamp in the tent of meeting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/03.md b/lev/24/03.md index 26d007ea58..661f0ea565 100644 --- a/lev/24/03.md +++ b/lev/24/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Outside the curtain before the covenant decrees ## +# Connecting Statement: -Here "covenant decrees" refers to the ark of the covenant which contained the 10 commandments. The ark was located in the most holy place. AT: "Outside of the curtain that separates the holy place from the most holy place" +God continues giving Moses instructions about the things in the tent of meeting. -## from evening to morning ## +# Outside the curtain before the covenant decrees -"from sunset to sunrise" +The phrase "covenant decrees" represents either the tablets that the decrees were written on or the box that the tablets were put in. These were kept in the very holy place, which was the room behind the curtain in the tent of meeting. AT: "Outside the curtain that is in front of the tablets of the covenant decrees" or "Outside the curtain that is in front of the box of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## This will be a permanent command throughout your people's generations ## +# curtain -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 3:15](../03/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +This was a thick fabric hung as a wall. It was not like a light window curtain. + +# from evening to morning + +"from sunset to sunrise" or "all night" + +# This will be a permanent statute throughout your people's generations + +This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/05.md b/lev/24/05.md index d6ccead0b4..a727918d97 100644 --- a/lev/24/05.md +++ b/lev/24/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron must do for tabernacle worship every day. +# Connecting Statement: -## ephah ## +God continues giving Moses instructions about the things in the tent of meeting. -An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +# two-tenths of an ephah -## the table of pure gold before Yahweh ## +This is about 4.5 liters. AT: "four and a half liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -This table is in the holy place which is before the most holy place. \ No newline at end of file +# the table of pure gold before Yahweh + +This table is in the holy place, which is before the most holy place. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/07.md b/lev/24/07.md index 9c48c6abcf..0e1baf7c6b 100644 --- a/lev/24/07.md +++ b/lev/24/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## as a symbol of the loaves ## +# Connecting Statement: -"which will represent the loaves of bread" +God continues giving Moses instructions about the things in the tent of meeting. -## This incense will be burnt for Yahweh ## +# You must put pure incense along each row of loaves -AT: "You will burn the incense for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The incense was probably next to the loaves, rather than directly on the loaves. AT: "You must put pure incense next to the loaves in each row" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## special to him ## +# as a representative offering -The word "him" refers to Yahweh. +What the incense would represent can be stated clearly. AT: "to represent the loaves as an offering" or "to be an offering that represents the loaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## This offering ## +# This incense will be burnt for Yahweh -"This bread" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will burn the incense for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## since it was taken from the offerings to Yahweh made by fire ## +# This offering -AT: "since they took it from the burnt offerings to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"This bread that is offered" + +# for it is a portion from the offerings + +"for they took it from the offerings" + +# the offerings to Yahweh made by fire + +"the burnt offerings to Yahweh" or "the offerings that you burn to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/10.md b/lev/24/10.md index d3428d8b25..d922119569 100644 --- a/lev/24/10.md +++ b/lev/24/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Now it happened ## +# Now it happened -This marks a new section of the book. +This phrase marks a new section of the book. -## blasphemed the name of Yahweh and cursed God ## +# blasphemed the name of Yahweh and cursed God -Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "said terrible things about Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "blasphemed Yahweh by cursing him" or "said terrible things about Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Shelomith ## +# Shelomith This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Dibri ## +# Dibri This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/13.md b/lev/24/13.md index af63bb2563..1cb7aa840d 100644 --- a/lev/24/13.md +++ b/lev/24/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## lay their hands on his head ## +# All who heard him must lay their hands on his head -This is to show that the man carries the guilt and the people put any guilt they may have onto him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +They were to put their hands on his head to show that he was the guilty one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/15.md b/lev/24/15.md index 4cfcda5b3c..3fa614e221 100644 --- a/lev/24/15.md +++ b/lev/24/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## You must explain ## +# Connecting Statement: -Yahweh is speaking to Moses. +God continues telling Moses what they must do to the man who cursed God. -## must carry his own guilt ## +# must carry his own guilt -"is responsible for his guilt" or "the people must punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Suffering for sin is spoken of if a person were to carry his guilt. AT: "must suffer for his sin" or "must be punished (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## must surely be put to death ## +# must surely be put to death -AT: "The people must surely put him to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people must surely put him to death" or "the people must surely kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/17.md b/lev/24/17.md index 1b1428a4b2..ff23796996 100644 --- a/lev/24/17.md +++ b/lev/24/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +# Connecting Statement: -## And he who kills another man must certainly be put to death ## +God continues telling Moses what the people must do when someone does something bad. -AT: "You must certainly put to death anyone who kills another person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# he must certainly be put to death. -## life for life ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must certainly put to death anyone who kills another person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "one life to replace the other life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +# must pay it back + +How he would pay it back can be stated clearly. AT: "must pay it back by giving him a live animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# life for life + +This is an idiom that means that one life would replace the other. AT: "one life to replace the other life" or "to replace the one that he killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/19.md b/lev/24/19.md index b56740058b..0bf87f4035 100644 --- a/lev/24/19.md +++ b/lev/24/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +# Connecting Statement: -## it must be done to him ## +God continues telling Moses what the people must do when someone does something bad. -AT: "you must do to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# it must be done to him -## fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must do to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -These phrases emphasize that a person should receive the harm he did to someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth -## anyone who kills a person must be put to death ## +These phrases emphasize that a person should receive the same harm he did to someone else. -AT: "you must put to death anyone who kills a person" \ No newline at end of file +# fracture for fracture + +This refers to broken bones. AT: "broken bone for broken bone" or "If he breaks someone's bone, one of his bones must be broken" or "If he breaks someone's bone, they will break one of his bones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# eye for eye + +This refers to eyes being seriously injured or gouged out. AT: "If he destroys someone's eye, one of his bones must be destroyed" or "If he destroys someone's eye, they will destroy his eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# tooth for tooth + +This refers to teeth being knocked out of the mouth. AT: "If he knocks out someone's tooth, one of his teeth must be knocked out" or "If he knocks out someone's tooth, they will knock out one of his teeth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# anyone who kills a person must be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they must put to death anyone who kills a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/22.md b/lev/24/22.md index 69fe983486..e477f1b96a 100644 --- a/lev/24/22.md +++ b/lev/24/22.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# carried out the command + +"obeyed the command" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/24/intro.md b/lev/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b1903289b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Leviticus 24 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Cursing God ##### + +The punishment for someone who curses God is to have stones thrown at him until he is dead. This was acceptable in ancient Israel, but it is no longer considered acceptable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/01.md b/lev/25/01.md index 93140df154..0a9534f03b 100644 --- a/lev/25/01.md +++ b/lev/25/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the land must be made to keep a Sabbath ## +# the land must be made to keep a Sabbath for Yahweh -This means every seven years the people must not plant crops. AT: "you must allow the land to rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The land is spoken of as if it were a person that could obey the Sabbath by resting. Just as the people had to rest every seventh day, people were to honor God by not farming the land every seventh year. AT: "you must obey the Sabbath law by letting the land rest every seventh year for Yahweh" or "you must obey Yahweh's Sabbath by not farming the land every seventh year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/03.md b/lev/25/03.md index 15ccd0de7d..9987492d7a 100644 --- a/lev/25/03.md +++ b/lev/25/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## prune ## +# prune your vineyard -to cut branches and vines to help the fruit grow better +To prune a vineyard is to cut the branches and vines to help the fruit grow better. -## a Sabbath of solemn rest for the land must be observed ## +# a Sabbath of solemn rest for the land must be observed -AT: "you must observe a Sabbath of solemn rest for the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Not farming the land is spoken of as letting the land rest. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must observe a Sabbath of solemn rest for the land" or "you must obey the Sabbath law by not farming the land every seventh year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/05.md b/lev/25/05.md index 7042e42d32..98c22a961a 100644 --- a/lev/25/05.md +++ b/lev/25/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## You must not conduct...who live with you may gather food ## +# You must not conduct ... who live with you may gather food In 25:5-6 Yahweh means he will not allow the owner of a field to organize his workers and harvest the land as he does the other six years. However, Yahweh will allow individuals to go through the fields to pick and eat the fruit they find. -## your unpruned vines ## +# your unpruned vines -This means that no one has taken care of the vines as they do during the other six years. \ No newline at end of file +This means that no one has taken care of the vines and cut them as they do during the other six years. This can be stated in active form. AT: "your vines that you do not prune" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Whatever the unworked land grows + +"whatever grows on the unworked land" + +# the unworked land + +This means that no one has taken care of the gardens or farms as they do during the other six years. This can be stated in active form. AT: "your gardens that you do not tend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whatever the land produces + +"whatever grows on the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/08.md b/lev/25/08.md index 88dce09995..a782b3e43b 100644 --- a/lev/25/08.md +++ b/lev/25/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## years...day...month ## +# there will be seven Sabbaths of years -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]] +"they will be seven sets of seven years" -## forty-nine years ## +# forty-nine years -nine years** - "49 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"49 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Day of Atonement ## +# the tenth day of the seventh month -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 23:26](../23/26.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the Day of Atonement + +On this day each year the high priest would make a sacrifice to Yahweh so that Yahweh would forgive all the sins of the people of Israel. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 23:27](../23/26.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/10.md b/lev/25/10.md index e3257646d8..54c608de36 100644 --- a/lev/25/10.md +++ b/lev/25/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## fiftieth year ## +# fiftieth year -"year 50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This is an ordinal number. AT: "year 50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## jubilee ## +# a Jubilee for you -a 50 year anniversary celebration +The Jubilee was a year when the Jews had to return land to its' original owners and set slaves free. AT: "a year of restoration for you" or "a year for you to return land and free slaves" -## property and slaves must be returned ## +# property and slaves must be returned -AT: "you must return property and slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must return property and slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/11.md b/lev/25/11.md index 2646f310ac..4a6d752a39 100644 --- a/lev/25/11.md +++ b/lev/25/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## You must eat the produce that grows by itself out of the fields ## +# a Jubilee for you -Yahweh did not allow the land owner to organize his workers and harvest the land like he did the other 6 years. However, he did allow individual to go through the fields and eat what they find. \ No newline at end of file +"a year of restoration" or "a year for you to return the land." It can be stated clearly who they were returning the land to. AT: "a year for you to return the land to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You must eat the produce that grows by itself out of the fields + +Yahweh did not allow the land owner to organize his workers and harvest the land as he did the other six years. However, he did allow individuals to go through the fields and eat what they find. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/13.md b/lev/25/13.md index 69fe983486..a054a8864e 100644 --- a/lev/25/13.md +++ b/lev/25/13.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# this year of Jubilee + +"this year of restoration" or "this year to return land and free slaves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/15.md b/lev/25/15.md index 9fc7373860..3ab5d700a0 100644 --- a/lev/25/15.md +++ b/lev/25/15.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +# General Information: -## that can be harvested ## +God continues telling Moses what the people must do. -AT: "that you can harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# that can be harvested + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you can harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the next Jubilee + +"the next year of restoration" or "the next year to return land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/18.md b/lev/25/18.md index dba609f4d1..a7ba71bb35 100644 --- a/lev/25/18.md +++ b/lev/25/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## obey my decrees, keep my laws, and carry them out ## +# obey my decrees, keep my laws, and carry them out -All of these phrases mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey everything Yahweh says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +All of these phrases mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey everything Yahweh says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# you will eat your fill + +This means that they would eat enough until their stomach was full. AT: "you will eat till you are full" or "you will eat plenty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/20.md b/lev/25/20.md index ee3b6379d7..4bdcc532d5 100644 --- a/lev/25/20.md +++ b/lev/25/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## You might say ## +# You might say -Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here "You" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## I will command my blessing to come upon you ## +# I will command my blessing to come upon you -"I will bless you." Here "I" refers to Yahweh. +God speaks of his blessing as if it were a person that could obey him. AT: "I will send my blessing on you" or "I will bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## from the provisions stored ## +# from the provisions stored -AT: "from the food that you stored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "from the food you store" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/23.md b/lev/25/23.md index 2c75e7f7f2..049bfe4bfb 100644 --- a/lev/25/23.md +++ b/lev/25/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. -## The land must not be sold to a new permanent owner ## +# The land must not be sold to a new permanent owner -AT: "You may not sell your land permanently to another person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must not sell your land permanently to another person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the right of redemption ## +# You must observe the right of redemption -The original owners were legally allowed to buy back any of their land that they sold. +The noun "redemption" can be expressed with the verbs "redeem" or "buy back." AT: "You must remember that the original owner has the right to redeem the land whenever he wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## you must allow the land to be bought back by the family from whom you bought it ## +# you must allow the land to be bought back by the family from whom you bought it -AT: "you must allow the family from whom you bought the land to buy the land back" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must allow the family from whom you bought the land to buy it back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/26.md b/lev/25/26.md index cde3c9cbfb..b0dba8e236 100644 --- a/lev/25/26.md +++ b/lev/25/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the land was sold ## +# the land was sold -AT: "he sold the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he sold the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## jubilee ## +# repay the balance to the man to whom he sold it -This is a 50 year anniversary celebration. See how you translated it in [Leviticus 25:10](./10.md). +This can be made explicit. AT: "repay to the purchaser who bought it the money the purchaser would have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the land will be returned ## +# the year of Jubilee -AT: "he will return the land" \ No newline at end of file +"the year of restoration" or "the year to return land." See how you translated it in [Leviticus 25:10](./10.md). + +# the land will be returned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one who had bought it will return the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will return to his property + +"will go back to his land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/29.md b/lev/25/29.md index 6f79e2290b..8ebb644ba0 100644 --- a/lev/25/29.md +++ b/lev/25/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## after it was sold ## +# after it was sold -AT: "after he sold it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after he sold it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the right of redemption ## +# the right of redemption -See how you translated this in [Leviticus 25:23](./23.md). +The noun "redemption" can be expressed with the verbs "redeem" or "buy back." AT: "the right to redeem it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## if the house is not redeemed ## +# If the house is not redeemed -AT: "if he does not redeem the house" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If he or his family does not redeem the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## That house is not to be returned ## +# That house is not to be returned -AT: "He will not return that house" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The man who bought that house will not have to return it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the year of Jubilee + +"the year of restoration" or "the year to return land and free slaves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/31.md b/lev/25/31.md index 5f0780b8b5..ac16e0507a 100644 --- a/lev/25/31.md +++ b/lev/25/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## They may be bought back, and they must be returned ## +# But the houses of the villages that have no wall -AT: "You may buy them back, and the man who bought them must return them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Some villages did not have a wall around them. + +# They may be redeemed, and they must be returned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You may buy back those houses, and those who bought them must return them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the year of Jubilee + +"the year of restoration" or "the year to return land and free slaves" + +# the houses owned by the Levites in their cities + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the houses that the Levites own in their cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# may be redeemed at any time + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Levites may redeem them at any time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/33.md b/lev/25/33.md index b9f8c5a1f9..92655b591d 100644 --- a/lev/25/33.md +++ b/lev/25/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the house that was sold in the city where it is located must be returned ## +# the house that was sold in the city where it is located must be returned -AT: "the one who bought the house in the city where it is located it must return it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one who bought the house in the city where it is located must return it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## may not be sold ## +# the year of Jubilee -AT: "the Levites may not sell" \ No newline at end of file +"the year of restoration" or "the year to return land and free slaves" + +# their property among the people of Israel + +The land of Canaan was divided up among the people of Israel, but of that land, the Levites were only given 48 cities with the fields around them. AT: "their part of the land that the Israelites possessed" or "their property in the land of Israel" + +# But the fields around their cities may not be sold + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But the Levites must not sell the fields around their cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/35.md b/lev/25/35.md index 3189231dbb..9c077973a9 100644 --- a/lev/25/35.md +++ b/lev/25/35.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## Do not charge him interest ## +# Do not charge him interest -"Do no make a person pay you back more than what you lend to him" \ No newline at end of file +"Do not make him pay you back more than what you lend him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/39.md b/lev/25/39.md index dc0a684917..70a4e8ec45 100644 --- a/lev/25/39.md +++ b/lev/25/39.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## you must not make him work like a slave. Treat him as a hired servant ## +# you must not make him work like a slave. Treat him as a hired servant -This means the owner was to treat the Israelite with more respect than he would a slave. \ No newline at end of file +This means the owner was to treat the Israelite with more respect than he would treat a slave. + +# the year of Jubilee + +"the year of restoration" or "the year to return land and free slaves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/42.md b/lev/25/42.md index 23e1a99441..07fb70e4b2 100644 --- a/lev/25/42.md +++ b/lev/25/42.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## They will not be sold as slaves ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "You will not buy or sell them as slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +God continues telling Moses what he must tell the people. + +# they are my servants + +"your fellow countrymen are my servants" + +# They will not be sold as slaves + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must not sell them as slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you may buy slaves from them + +"you may buy slaves from those nations" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/45.md b/lev/25/45.md deleted file mode 100644 index 69fe983486..0000000000 --- a/lev/25/45.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/47.md b/lev/25/47.md index e5266cfe88..6493449db9 100644 --- a/lev/25/47.md +++ b/lev/25/47.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## after your fellow Israelite has been bought, he may be bought back. Someone in his family may redeem him ## +# after your fellow Israelite has been bought, he may be bought back. Someone in his family may redeem him -AT: "after the foreigner buys your fellow Israelite, someone in the Israelite's family may buy him back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after the foreigner buys your fellow Israelite, someone in the Israelite's family may buy him back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/49.md b/lev/25/49.md index e9c412e1b4..2c23f7a306 100644 --- a/lev/25/49.md +++ b/lev/25/49.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## The price of his redemption must be figured ## +# until the year of Jubilee -AT: "You must figure the price of his redemption" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +An Israelite could be a slave only until the year of Jubilee. These instructions are for when an Israelite wanted to buy back his freedom before the year of Jubilee. -## in keeping with the rate paid to a hired servant ## +# the year of Jubilee -AT: "according to the rate a person would pay a hired servant" +"the year of restoration" or "the year to return land and to free slaves" -## for the number of years he might continue to work for the one who bought him ## +# The price of his redemption must be figured -"for the number of years remaining until the next jubilee" \ No newline at end of file +The verb "figured" can be stated in active form. AT: "They must figure the price of his redemption" or "They must figure how much to pay for the foreigner to set the Israelite free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in keeping with the rate paid to a hired servant + +If the Israelite bought back his freedom, the foreigner would have to hire a servant to do the work that the Israelite would have done but will not. The verbs "paid" and "hired" can be expressed in active form. AT: "according to the rate a person would pay to hire a servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the number of years he might continue to work + +"for the number of years until the jubilee that the Israelite would have continued to work but will not" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/51.md b/lev/25/51.md index 7b12d7ac8e..b7aabbf504 100644 --- a/lev/25/51.md +++ b/lev/25/51.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## years ## +# he must pay back -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]] \ No newline at end of file +"the Israelite slave must pay back" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/53.md b/lev/25/53.md index 0ada7f8c94..d081cef59a 100644 --- a/lev/25/53.md +++ b/lev/25/53.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## He is to be treated ## +# He is to be treated -AT: "You must treat him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The foreigner who bought him as a slave must treat him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he is not treated with harshness ## +# he is not treated with harshness -AT: "no one treats him badly" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one treats him badly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## If he is not redeemed ## +# If he is not redeemed by these means -AT: "If no one redeems him" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form, and who he is to be redeemed from can be stated clearly. AT: "If no one redeems him by these means from the one who bought him as a slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# by these means + +"in this way" + +# he must serve until the year of Jubilee, he and his children with him + +The Israelite slave and his children would serve the foreigner until the year of Jubilee, and then the foreigner would have to set the Israelite and his children free. + +# To me the people of Israel are servants + +"For it is to me that the people of Israel are servants." This is the reason that God wanted the Israelites to be set free in the year of jubilee. They were his servants. They were not permitted to be anyone else's permanent slave. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/25/intro.md b/lev/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cc798b330f --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Leviticus 25 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Over-farming ##### +There is a provision made in this chapter to prevent over-farming of the land. If a land is farmed every year with the same crops, it will quickly become unable to grow anything. + +##### Sabbath and Jubilee Years ##### + +Every seventh year, the land should not be planted. Every fiftieth year Israelite slaves must be freed and all land that has been bought returned to its original owners. This prevented people from getting trapped by their poverty. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/01.md b/lev/26/01.md index 597199cfec..87440edcd7 100644 --- a/lev/26/01.md +++ b/lev/26/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## keep my Sabbaths ## +# keep my Sabbaths "obey the rules for my Sabbaths" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/03.md b/lev/26/03.md index e672e5d1dc..9d2d08e305 100644 --- a/lev/26/03.md +++ b/lev/26/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## walk in my laws and keep my commandments and obey them ## +# walk in my laws and keep my commandments and obey them -These are three ways of saying the same thing. They emphasize that the people need to do what God commands them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are three ways of saying the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey everything that God commands them to do. AT: "If you carefully obey my laws and commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# walk in my laws + +Behaving according to the laws is spoken of as if they were to walk in the laws. AT: "If you behave according to my laws" or "if you live according to my laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/05.md b/lev/26/05.md index 7c164110a1..0ef220cda4 100644 --- a/lev/26/05.md +++ b/lev/26/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## eat your bread to the full ## +# will eat your bread to the full -AT: "have plenty of food to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here bread represents food. "To the full" means until their stomachs were full of food. AT: "will eat food until you are full" or "will have plenty of food to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the sword will not pass through your land ## +# I will give peace in the land -AT: "no armies will attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I will cause there to be peace in the land" + +# the sword will not pass through your land + +Here the word "sword" represents enemy armies or enemy attacks. AT: "no armies will attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/07.md b/lev/26/07.md index 280b4c312d..d0cd6bb469 100644 --- a/lev/26/07.md +++ b/lev/26/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## they will fall before you by the sword ## +# they will fall before you by the sword -AT: "you will kill them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "falling" represents dying, and "the sword" represents either attacking people with a sword or battle in general. AT: "they will die when you attack them with the sword" or "you will kill them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Five of you will chase away a hundred, and a hundred of you will chase ten thousand ## +# Five of you will chase away a hundred, and a hundred of you will chase ten thousand This means the Israelites will have victory against larger armies. -## Five...hundred...ten thousand ## +# Five ... hundred ... ten thousand -"5...100...10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"5 ... 100 ... 10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/09.md b/lev/26/09.md index 0191916491..0b676100a8 100644 --- a/lev/26/09.md +++ b/lev/26/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## look at you with favor ## +# I will look at you with favor -"I will show you favor" or "I will bless you" (UDB) +"I will show you favor" or "I will bless you" -## make you fruitful and multiply you ## +# make you fruitful and multiply you -Both phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that Yahweh will give them many children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases refer to God causing them to have many descendants so they become a large group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## You will eat food stored a long time ## +# make you fruitful -"You will have enough food stored to eat for a long time" \ No newline at end of file +God speaks of them having many children as if they were trees that bear a lot of fruit. AT: "cause you to have many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You will eat food stored a long time + +"You will have enough food stored to eat for a long time" or "you will have enough food to store and eat it for a long time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/11.md b/lev/26/11.md index 0dad4c089e..cb9e8212b7 100644 --- a/lev/26/11.md +++ b/lev/26/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## I will place my tabernacle among you ## +# I will place my tabernacle among you "I will put my dwelling place among you" -## I will not detest you ## +# I will not detest you -AT: "I will accept you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +"I will accept you" -## I will walk among you ## +# I will walk among you -"I will be with you" +Walking among them represents living with them. AT: "I will live with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I have broken the bars of your yoke and made you to walk standing up straight ## +# I have broken the bars of your yoke -This means that Yahweh has freed the Israelites from slavery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +God speaks of their slavery as if they had to wear a yoke that animals wear in order to do hard work. Breaking the bars of the yoke represents setting them free. AT: "I have set you free from the hard labor they made you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/14.md b/lev/26/14.md index c9db284a42..2654f7b867 100644 --- a/lev/26/14.md +++ b/lev/26/14.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh is telling Moses what will happen if the people do not obey his commands. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/16.md b/lev/26/16.md index fe2dfa09b0..fa9e497ab6 100644 --- a/lev/26/16.md +++ b/lev/26/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## If you do these things ## +# if you do these things -"If you break my covenant and disobey my commands" +The phrase "these things" refers to the things listed in [Leviticus 26:14-15](./14.md). -## I will set my face against you ## +# I will inflict terror on you -"I will turn my face away from you." This means Yahweh will reject the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "terror" represents the things that will cause them to be terrified. AT: "I will send disasters that will terrify you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you will be overpowered by your enemies ## +# will drain away your life -AT: "your enemies will defeat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"will slowly take away your life" or "will slowly make you die." It is the diseases and the fever that will do this. + +# You will plant your seeds for nothing + +The phrase "for nothing" means that they would get nothing from their work. AT: "You will plant your seeds in vain" or "You will plant your seeds, but you will not get anything from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will set my face against you + +This idiom means he "firmly decided." AT: "I have made up my mind to oppose you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will be overpowered by your enemies + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your enemies will defeat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/18.md b/lev/26/18.md index 6ff4d05736..e39829d7e8 100644 --- a/lev/26/18.md +++ b/lev/26/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## seven times ## +# seven times -Here, "seven times" is not literal. It means Yahweh will multiply how severely he will punish them. +Here "seven times" is not literal. It means Yahweh will increase the severity of his punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I will break your pride in your power ## +# I will break your pride in your power -"I will punish you so that you no longer take pride in your own power" +Using force to cause them not to be proud is spoken of as if he were to break their pride. AT: "I will punish you and so end the pride that you feel about your power" or "I will punish you so that you will no longer be proud of your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will make the sky over you like iron and your land like bronze ## +# I will make the sky over you like iron and your land like bronze -This means Yahweh will stop the rain from falling from the sky. This will make the ground hard so that people cannot plant seed or grow crops. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This means God will stop the rain from falling from the sky. This will make the ground hard so that people cannot plant seed or grow crops. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Your strength will be used up for nothing ## +# Your strength will be used up for nothing -AT: "Your hard work will be for nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Working very hard is spoken of as if they were to use all their strength until they had no more strength. The phrase "for nothing" means that they would get nothing from working so hard. AT: "You will work very hard in vain" or "You will work very hard, but you will not receive anything good from working so hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/21.md b/lev/26/21.md index a72ad4bc49..1ac8eb9025 100644 --- a/lev/26/21.md +++ b/lev/26/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## walk against me ## +# walk against me -AT: "rebel against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Walking represents behavior. Walking against God represents opposing him or rebelling against him. AT: "rebel against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will bring seven times more blows on you, in proportion to your sins ## +# I will bring seven times more blows on you -"I will continue to increase your punishment even more than you increase your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The abstract noun "blows" can be stated as the verb "hit." AT: "I will hit you seven times as much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## So your roads will become deserted ## +# I will bring seven times more blows on you -AT: "So no one will travel on your roads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh causing disasters to happen to the Israelites is spoken of as if he would strike them with blows or hit them. AT: "I will cause seven times as many disasters to come against you" or "I will punish you seven times more severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seven times + +Here "seven times" is not literal. It means Yahweh will increase the severity of his punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in proportion to your sins + +The noun "sins" can be expressed with the verb "sin." AT: "according to how much you have sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# which will steal your children + +Stealing represents attacking or attacking and dragging them away. AT: "which will attack your children" or "which will drag your children away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So your roads will become deserted + +"So no one will travel on your roads." Deserted means that there is no one there. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/23.md b/lev/26/23.md index d1e9da8946..64b6ab530e 100644 --- a/lev/26/23.md +++ b/lev/26/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## walk against me ## +# If in spite of these things -"rebel against me" or "oppose me" +"If when I punish you like this" or "If I discipline you like this and" -## I will also walk against you ## +# you still do not accept my correction -"I will oppose you" +Accepting his correction represents responding rightly to it. In this case responding rightly to it is choosing to obey him. AT: "you still do not listen to my correction" or "you still do not obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I myself will hit you with even seven times more blows for your sins ## +# walk in opposition to me -AT: "I myself will continue to increase your punishment for your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Walking represents behavior. Walking in opposition to him means opposing him or fighting against him. AT: "oppose me" or "fight against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will also walk in opposition to you + +Walking represents behavior. Walking in opposition to them means opposing them or fighting against them. AT: "I also will oppose you" or "I also will fight against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I myself will punish you seven times + +The number 7 represents completeness. AT: "I will personally punish you many times" or "I myself will punish you most severely" + +# because of your sins + +The noun "sins" can be expressed with the verb "sin." AT: "because you continue to sin against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/25.md b/lev/26/25.md index f884b3d5c0..ed999f34b0 100644 --- a/lev/26/25.md +++ b/lev/26/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## I will bring a sword ## +# I will bring a sword on you -"I will bring an enemy army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "sword" represents an army or an attack from an army. AT: "I will bring an enemy army against you" or "I will cause an enemy army to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## You will be gathered together ## +# that will execute vengeance -AT: "You will gather together" or "You will hide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"that will punish you" -## then you will be defeated by the power of your of the enemy ## +# for breaking the covenant -AT: "then your powerful enemy will defeat you" +"for disobeying the covenant" or "because you disobey the covenant" -## When I cut off ## +# You will be gathered together -"When I remove" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will gather together" or "You will hide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they will distribute your bread by weight ## +# you will be delivered into the hand of your enemy + +Here "into the hand" means "into the control" and refers to defeat by their enemy. This can be stated in active form. AT: "your enemy will defeat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When I cut off your food supply + +Destroying the food that people have stored or stopping people from being able to get it is spoken of as cutting off the supply of food. AT: "When I destroy the food you have stored" or "When I stop you from being able to get food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# ten women will be able to bake your bread in one oven + +This implies that there will be so little flour that one small oven will be able to hold all the bread that many women can put into it. + +# they will distribute your bread by weight This means there will be so little food that they will have to measure how much each person gets. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/27.md b/lev/26/27.md index 0c527ed2fa..bd62a64b8d 100644 --- a/lev/26/27.md +++ b/lev/26/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## walk against me ## +# If you do not listen to me -"to rebel against me" or "to oppose me" +Listening represents obeying what he has said. AT: "If you do not obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will walk against you ## +# to walk against me -"I will oppose you" +Walking represents behavior. Walking against someone represents opposing him or fighting against him. AT: "to oppose me" or "to fight against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will punish you even seven more times as much for your sins ## +# I will walk against you -AT: "I will continue to increase your punishment for your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Walking represents behavior. Walking against someone represents opposing him or fighting against him. AT: "I will oppose you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will punish you even seven more times as much + +Here "seven more times" is not literal. It means Yahweh will increase the severity of his punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/29.md b/lev/26/29.md index 03abac6a21..92f3c8b3fe 100644 --- a/lev/26/29.md +++ b/lev/26/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I will destroy…cut down…throw your corpses ## +# I will destroy ... cut down ... throw your corpses -God will send an enemy army to do these things. +Because God would send an army to do these things, he speaks as if he would do them. AT: "I will send an enemy army to destroy ... cut down ... throw your corpses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your corpses on the corpses of your idols ## +# your corpses -"your dead bodies on the lifeless figures of your idols" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"your dead bodies" + +# the corpses of your idols + +God speaks of idols not being alive as if they had been alive and then died. AT: "your lifeless idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/31.md b/lev/26/31.md index 20c84aa105..dda90a4a40 100644 --- a/lev/26/31.md +++ b/lev/26/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## I will draw out my sword and follow you ## +# I will turn your cities into ruins and destroy your sanctuaries -This means Yahweh will continue to cause the enemy army to punish his people. +Because God would send armies to do these things, he speaks as if he would do them. AT: "I will send enemy armies to turn your cities into ruins and destroy your sanctuaries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Your land will be abandoned, and your cities will be ruined ## +# your sanctuaries -AT: "You will abandon your land, and your enemies will destroy your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +These were places where people worshiped idols instead of God. + +# I will not be pleased with the aroma of your offerings + +Normally the Lord's pleasure with the aroma represents his pleasure with those who burn the offering. But in this case, people would burn offerings, but God would not be pleased with them. AT: "You will burn offerings, but I will not be pleased with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will draw out my sword and follow you + +This represents sending armies to attack them. AT: "I will send enemy armies to attack you" or "I will send enemy armies to attack you with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Your land will be abandoned, and your cities will be ruined + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will abandon your land, and your enemies will destroy your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/34.md b/lev/26/34.md index 264775dd4f..750bdabce2 100644 --- a/lev/26/34.md +++ b/lev/26/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Then the land will enjoy its Sabbaths ## +# Then the land will enjoy its Sabbaths -Yahweh speaks about the land as if it were a person resting from work. This means that while the people are in exile no one will plant seed and grow crops. This allows the land to rest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The people were supposed to obey the Sabbath law by not farming the land every seventh year. God speaks about this as if the land were a person that would obey the Sabbath law and rest. AT: "Then the land will rest according to the Sabbath law" or "Then, as required by the Sabbath law, the land will not be farmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## so that even the sound of a leaf blowing in the wind will startle them ## +# it will have rest -This is an exaggeration that emphasizes that the people will become very afraid even of things that do not matter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +God speaks about the land not being farmed as if it were a person that would rest. AT: "it will not be farmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# I will send fear into your hearts + +Sending fear into their hearts represents making them afraid. AT: "I will make you terribly afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as though you were fleeing from the sword + +The sword represents either someone who is ready to kill using a sword or an attack from an enemy army. AT: "as though you were fleeing from someone who was chasing you with a sword" or "as though you were fleeing from an enemy army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/37.md b/lev/26/37.md index 2b21f66d98..98927a9a5b 100644 --- a/lev/26/37.md +++ b/lev/26/37.md @@ -1,5 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues describing how frightened the Israelites will be while in exile. +# General Information: -## your enemy's land will itself devour you ## +Yahweh continues describing what will happen to the Israelites when they are forced to go to their enemies' countries. -Yahweh speaks about the land as if it were a wild animal. This emphasizes that most of the Israelites will not survive in the land of their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +# as though you were running from the sword + +The sword represents either someone who is ready to kill using a sword or an attack from an enemy army. AT: "as though you were running away from someone who was chasing you with a sword" or "as though you were running away from an enemy army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to stand before your enemies + +Standing before the enemies represents not falling when the enemies attack and fighting against them. AT: "to resist your enemies when they attack you" or "to fight back against your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your enemies' land will itself devour you + +Yahweh speaks about the the enemies' land as if it were a wild animal that would eat the Israelites. The word "devour" emphasizes that most of the Israelites will die there. AT: "you will die in your enemies' land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Those who are left among you + +"Those of you who do not die" + +# waste away in their sins + +Wasting away in their sins represents wasting away because of their sins. + +# their fathers' sins + +Here "their fathers" represents their ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/40.md b/lev/26/40.md index ebb246852a..61ac9b03b5 100644 --- a/lev/26/40.md +++ b/lev/26/40.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## walking against me ## +# their fathers' sin -AT: "rebelling against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The word "fathers" represents their ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to turn against them ## +# their treason by which they were unfaithful to me -AT: "to stop helping them" or "to oppose them" -## and give them over ## -"and to send them" +# walking against me -## if their uncircumcised hearts become humbled ## +Walking represents behavior. Walking against God represents opposing him or rebelling against him. AT: "opposing me" or "rebelling against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "if they will be humble instead of stubbornly disobedient" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# to turn against them -## then will I call to mind my covenant with Jacob, my covenant with Isaac, and my covenant with Abraham ## +This represents opposing them. AT: "to oppose them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"then I will fulfill the covenant I made with Jacob, Isaac, and Abraham" +# if their uncircumcised hearts become humbled -## I will call the land to mind ## +Here the term "uncircumcised hearts" refers to the whole person. AT: "if they will be humble instead of stubbornly disobedient" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "I will fulfill my promise about the land" \ No newline at end of file +# then will I call to mind my covenant with Jacob, my covenant with Isaac, and my covenant with Abraham + +"Call to mind" is an idiom meaning "intentionally remember." Here it represents fulfilling his covenant. AT: "then I will fulfill the covenant I made with Jacob, Isaac, and Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will call the land to mind + +"Call to mind" is an idiom meaning "intentionally remember." Here it represents fulfilling his promise concerning the land. AT: "I will fulfill my promise about the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/43.md b/lev/26/43.md index c6519ff2eb..f90829609a 100644 --- a/lev/26/43.md +++ b/lev/26/43.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## The land will be abandoned by them ## +# The land will be abandoned by them -AT: "The people of Israel will abandon their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Israel will abandon their land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## so it will be pleased with its Sabbaths ## +# so it will be pleased with its Sabbaths -Yahweh speaks about the land as if it were a person who is happy about resting. This means while the people are in exile no one will plant seed or grow crops. This allows the land to rest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks about the land as if it were a person who is happy about resting, because no one will be planting seed or growing crops on it. This will allow the land to become more fertile. AT: "so it will benefit from the Sabbaths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/44.md b/lev/26/44.md index 5b8d4a39be..76c227d202 100644 --- a/lev/26/44.md +++ b/lev/26/44.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + This concludes Yahweh's message to Moses at Mount Sinai regarding the blessings for obedience and the punishments for disobedience. -## I will call to mind ## +# I will call to mind the covenant with their ancestors -"I will fulfill" +"Call to mind" is an idiom meaning "intentionally remember." Here it represents fulfilling his covenant. AT: "I will fulfill the covenant with their ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in the sight of the nations ## +# in the sight of the nations -AT: "in the sight of the people of the nations" or "to show my power to the people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This represents the knowledge of the nations. AT: "in the knowledge of the nations" or "and the nations knew about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the nations + +This represents the people of the nations. AT: "the people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/46.md b/lev/26/46.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5e8a5f9a03..0000000000 --- a/lev/26/46.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this verse. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/26/intro.md b/lev/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..98bcf71e67 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Leviticus 26 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Worship only Yahweh ##### + +If people obey God and worship only him, he will bless and protect them. If people disobey his law and if they worship other gods, then he will severely punish them to help them to repent and begin obeying him. This takes the form of a promise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/01.md b/lev/27/01.md index 9dea88fce6..73091197d9 100644 --- a/lev/27/01.md +++ b/lev/27/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## When a man…use the following values ## +# If anyone makes a special vow to Yahweh -'If a man solemnly promises to set apart another person to belong only to Yahweh, Yahweh will be willing to set that person free from having to do that if the responsible man pays the priest an amount of money. The priest must calculate the amount of money in terms of the silver coins that they use in Yahweh's sacred tent.' (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +In this case the vow would involve giving oneself or another person to God. This can be stated clearly. AT: "If anyone vows to give someone to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# use the following valuations + +Instead of giving the person, he would give the Lord a certain amount of silver. AT "use the following values as your gift to the Lord in place of the person" or "give the Lord the following amounts of silver instead of the person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/03.md b/lev/27/03.md index e50a7ed1ad..8679c20b92 100644 --- a/lev/27/03.md +++ b/lev/27/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Your standard value ## +# Your standard value -"The amount to pay" +"The amount to pay" or "You must pay" -## twenty...sixty...fifty...thirty ## +# twenty ... sixty ... fifty ... thirty -"20...60...50...30" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"20 ... 60 ... 50 ... 30" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## years ## +# fifty shekels of silver -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]] +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "fifty pieces of silver, each of which weighs ten grams" or "five hundred grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## shekel ## +# after the shekel of the sanctuary -This is about 11 grams in weight. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. It weighed about 11 grams. AT: "Use the kind of shekel that is used in the sanctuary" or "When you weigh the silver, use the weight that is used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## after the shekel of the sanctuary ## +# thirty shekels -This refers to the official value of the shekel. \ No newline at end of file +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "thirty pieces of silver, each of which weighs ten grams" or "three hundred grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/05.md b/lev/27/05.md index 9c1691a6d9..9b6bd1387a 100644 --- a/lev/27/05.md +++ b/lev/27/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## five...twenty...ten...three ## +# five ... twenty ... ten ... three -"5...20...10...3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"5 ... 20 ... 10 ... 3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## month ## +# your standard value -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]] +"the amount to pay" or "you must pay" -## your standard value ## +# twenty shekels -"the amount to pay" \ No newline at end of file +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "twenty pieces of silver" or "two hundred grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# for the female ten shekels + +The phrases "of that age" and "your standard value must be" are left out, but are meant to be understood. AT: "for the female of that age your standard value must be ten shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# ten shekels + +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "ten pieces of silver" or "one hundred grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# five shekels of silver + +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "five pieces of silver" or "fifty grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# three shekels + +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "three pieces of silver" or "thirty grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/07.md b/lev/27/07.md index 652fea5c51..cce8589302 100644 --- a/lev/27/07.md +++ b/lev/27/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## sixty years old and up ## +# sixty years old and up "sixty years old and older" -## sixty...fifteen...ten ## +# sixty ... fifteen ... ten -"60...15...10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"60 ... 15 ... 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the person being given must be presented to the priest ## +# fifteen shekels -AT "then he must present to the priest the person he is giving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "fifteen pieces of silver" or "150 grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# for a female ten shekels + +The phrases "of that age" and "your standard value must be" are left out, but are meant to be understood. AT: "for a female of that age your standard value must be ten shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the person being given must be presented to the priest + +This can be stated in active form. AT "he must present to the priest the person he is giving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/09.md b/lev/27/09.md index 7f9ce70bac..18d5618acb 100644 --- a/lev/27/09.md +++ b/lev/27/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## belong fully to him ## +# set apart to him -"belong fully to Yahweh" +"set apart to Yahweh" -## then both it and the one for which it is exchanged become holy ## +# both it and the one for which it is exchanged -AT: "then both animals become holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "both it and the one he exchanges it for" or the animals can be referred to simply as "both animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/11.md b/lev/27/11.md index 97a10a4d5e..c3ad3399fd 100644 --- a/lev/27/11.md +++ b/lev/27/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## market value ## +# is in fact unclean, so that Yahweh will not accept it -the value which that animal is normally worth when someone buys or sells it \ No newline at end of file +If Yahweh will not accept a certain animal as an offering, the animal is spoken of as if it were physically dirty. It may be unclean because it is a certain kind of animal or because it has a defect. AT: "is in fact one that Yahweh will not accept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# market value + +This is the value the animal is normally worth when someone buys or sells it. + +# wishes to redeem it + +"wishes to buy it back" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/14.md b/lev/27/14.md index 221b9e1bda..615d702602 100644 --- a/lev/27/14.md +++ b/lev/27/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## a man desires to sanctify ## +# he must add a fifth of its value to its redemption price -"a man wants to set apart" - -## then a fifth of its value is to be added ## - -AT: "then he must add a fifth of its value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +A "fifth" is a part of something that is divided into five equal parts. AT: "he must divide the value of the house into five equal parts, add the amount equal to one of those parts, and pay all of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/16.md b/lev/27/16.md index 46bdef8c18..c327a0971a 100644 --- a/lev/27/16.md +++ b/lev/27/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## then the estimation of its value will be made in keeping with the amount of seed required to plant it ## +# the amount of seed required to plant it -AT: "then he will estimate its value based on the amount of seed a person would need to plant it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the amount of seed a person would need to plant it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## One homer of barley will be valued at ## +# a homer of barley will be valued at -AT: "The value of one homer of barley is" +Here "a homer of barley" represents a piece of land that would need one homer of barley in order to plant on all of it. AT: "a piece of land that requires one homer of barley in order to plant all of it will be valued at" or 'the value of land that requires one homer of barley will be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## homer ## +# homer -A homer is 220 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +A homer is 220 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## fifty shekels ## +# fifty shekels of silver -"50 shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two way of doing it. AT: "fifty pieces of silver, each of which weighs ten grams" or "five hundred grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/17.md b/lev/27/17.md index 775e05e544..686534a012 100644 --- a/lev/27/17.md +++ b/lev/27/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## year of jubilee ## +# the year of Jubilee -This occurs every 50 years. See how you translated "jubilee" in [Leviticus 25:10](../25/10.md). +This occurs every 50 years. See how you translated "Jubilee" in [Leviticus 25:10](../25/10.md). -## year ## +# the valuation of it will stand -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]] +"Stand" represents "remain" or "remain the same." AT: "its value will remain the same" or "its value will be the full amount" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the estimated value must be reduced ## +# the valuation of it must be reduced -AT: "he must reduce the estimated value for each year that has passed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he must reduce the estimated value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/19.md b/lev/27/19.md index e340aca28a..4d6af0b5eb 100644 --- a/lev/27/19.md +++ b/lev/27/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## it cannot be redeemed any more ## +# it cannot be redeemed any more -AT: "he can no longer buy it back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he can no longer buy it back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## when it is released in the jubilee ## +# If he does not redeem the field -AT: "when all debts are removed, when the year of Jubilee comes, and all land is returned to the original owner, then the land" +The time for redeeming the field can be stated clearly. AT: If he does not redeem the field before the year of Jubilee" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## like the field that has been given completely to Yahweh ## +# in the year of Jubilee -AT: "like the field that a person has completely devoted to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +"in the year of restoration" or "the year for you to return land and free slaves." This was a year when the Jews had to return land to its original owners and set slaves free See how you translated it in [Leviticus 25:13](../25/13.md) + +# that has been completely given to Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that someone has completely given to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/22.md b/lev/27/22.md deleted file mode 100644 index 69fe983486..0000000000 --- a/lev/27/22.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/24.md b/lev/27/24.md index e0aeacbf30..d6580eb62f 100644 --- a/lev/27/24.md +++ b/lev/27/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## to the man from whom it was bought, to the land's owner ## +# the man from whom it was bought ... the land's owner -AT: "to the land's original owner from whom the man bought it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These two phases refer to the same person. Normally the land would be bought from its owner. -## All the estimated values must be set ## +# the man from whom it was bought -AT: "The priests must determine the estimated values" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the man who sold it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## by the weight of the sanctuary shekel ## +# All the valuations must be set -This refers to the official value of the shekel. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The priests must determine the estimated values" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## shekel ## +# by the weight of the sanctuary shekel -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]] +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -## Twenty gerahs ## +# Twenty gerahs must be the equivalent of one shekel -"20 gerahs." This equals one shekel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) \ No newline at end of file +The purpose of this sentence is to tell how much the sanctuary shekel weighs. The gerah was the smallest unit of weight that the Israelites used. AT: "One shekel must equal twenty gerahs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# Twenty gerahs must be the equivalent of one shekel + +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here is a way to do it. AT: "One shekel must weigh ten grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/26.md b/lev/27/26.md index 0426de778c..417b8f08ac 100644 --- a/lev/27/26.md +++ b/lev/27/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Only the firstborn among animals, because the firstborn already belongs to Yahweh, no man can sanctify it ## +# No one may set apart -"No one may set apart the firstborn among animals, since the firstborn already belongs to Yahweh" +"No one may set apart to Yahweh" -## and a fifth must be added to that value ## +# a fifth must be added to that value -AT: "and he must add a fifth to that value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he must add a fifth to that value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## If the animal is not redeemed, then it is to be sold at the set value ## +# If the animal is not redeemed -AT: "If the person does not buy back the animal, then the priest may sell it at the set value" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If the person does not buy back the animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it is to be sold at the set value + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the priest must sell it at the set value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/28.md b/lev/27/28.md index c3c2da80e8..c6ccb9bfc4 100644 --- a/lev/27/28.md +++ b/lev/27/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## nothing dedicated to Yahweh by a man from anything he has, whether human or animal, or his family land, may be sold or redeemed. Every dedicated thing is holy to Yahweh ## +# nothing that a man devotes to Yahweh, from all that he has, whether human or animal, or his family land, may be sold or redeemed -AT: "if someone dedicates anything he has to Yahweh, whether a human, an animal, or his family land, no one may sell it or redeem it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one may sell or redeem anything a man has devoted to Yahweh, from all that he has, whether it is a human, an animal, or his family land" or "If a man devotes to Yahweh anything he has, whether human or animal, or his family land, no one may sell or redeem it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## No person who is set apart to be destroyed from among the population may be ransomed ## +# Everything that is devoted is very holy to Yahweh -"If Yahweh determines that a person should die because of his sin, no one may pay to set him free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Everything that anyone devotes to Yahweh is very holy to Yahweh" + +# No ransom may be paid + +This can be stated in active form. "No one may pay a ransom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the person who is devoted for destruction + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for any person whom Yahweh has devoted to destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the person who is devoted for destruction + +Why a person would be devoted to destruction can be stated clearly. AT: "for any person whom Yahweh has determined should die because of his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# That person must be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must put that person to death" or "you must kill that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/30.md b/lev/27/30.md index 69fe983486..138b03bd9e 100644 --- a/lev/27/30.md +++ b/lev/27/30.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# If a man redeems any of his tithe + +"If a man wants to buy back any of his tithe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/32.md b/lev/27/32.md index a0df44a1b4..413b2533f5 100644 --- a/lev/27/32.md +++ b/lev/27/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## whatever passes under the shepherd's rod ## +# whatever passes under the shepherd's rod -AT: "When a shepherd counts them to decide which ones he will give to me," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This refers to the the way they would count their animals. AT: "when you count your animals by raising your shepherd rod and having them walk under it to the other side" or "when you count the animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## one tenth must be separated apart for Yahweh ## +# one-tenth must be set apart to Yahweh -AT: "he must separate one tenth for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must set apart one-tenth to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## then both it and that for which it is changed ## +# one-tenth -AT: "then both animals" +"every tenth animal" -## It cannot be redeemed ## +# then both it and that for which it is changed -AT: "He cannot buy them back" \ No newline at end of file +"then both animals" + +# It cannot be redeemed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He cannot redeem it" or "He cannot buy it back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/34.md b/lev/27/34.md index 5e8a5f9a03..ce64851075 100644 --- a/lev/27/34.md +++ b/lev/27/34.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this verse. \ No newline at end of file +# These are the commandments + +This is a summary statement. It refers to the commandments that were given in the past chapters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/27/intro.md b/lev/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f8983a7ba4 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Leviticus 27 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Dedicated to Yahweh ##### + +This chapter records the manner in which people make vows of dedication to Yahweh. There are many reasons why a person would dedicate something to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Leviticus 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/front/intro.md b/lev/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c7107b0cb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/lev/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +# Introduction to Leviticus # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Leviticus #### + +1. The Law of Sacrifices (1:1–7:8) + - Burnt offerings (1:1–17) + - Meal offerings (2:1–16) + - Peace offerings (3:1–17); + - Sin offerings for unintentional sins (4:1-5:13) + - Trespass offerings (5:14–6:7); + - Offerings for the priests and constant offerings (6:8–23) + - Wave offerings, heave offerings (6:24–7:27) +1. Setting apart the Priests (8:10–10:20) + - The account of the ordaining of Aaron and his sons (8:1–36) + - Aaron as high priest (9:1–24) + - The account of the punishment of Nadab and Abihu (10:1–20) +1. Laws of Separation and Defilement (11:1–15:33) + - Clean and unclean food (11:1–47); + - Purification after giving birth to a child (12:1–8) + - Leprosy (13:1–14:47) + - Purification and cleansing of bodily fluids (15:1–33) +1. Day of Atonement and the place of the offering and the nature of blood (16:1–17:16) +1. Holiness and setting apart for worship and service; setting apart and being disqualified from service (desecration), (18:1–24:1–23) +1. One year in seven, rest and restoration; Year of Jubilee, one year in fifty, (25:1–55) +1. Blessing for obedience and curses for disobedience, (26:1–46) +1. Payment of promises; giving the tithe (27:1–34) + +#### What is the book of Leviticus about? #### + +Leviticus sets forth the requirements that Yahweh presented to the Israelites that they should obey for keeping their part of his covenant with them. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +"Leviticus" means "about the Levites," that is, about the tribe of Levi, the Israelite tribe that was to provide the priests and other workers in the tabernacle and, later, in the temple. Unless the people in the project language already understand the term "Levites," it will probably be better to create a title such as, "The Book about the Priests" or "The Book about the Tabernacle Workers." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the book of Leviticus? #### + +The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Leviticus. + +#### What is the meaning of "holy" and "holiness" in the book of Leviticus? #### + +These terms concern the separation of someone or something from the rest of the people, from the world, or from ordinary use, to belong only to God. The places for worshiping God or for honoring him in any way were considered to be separate from any other possible use. God required the Israelites to live in a certain way in order to live as a nation belonging to him alone. To be "clean" was therefore to be acceptable to God. + +In the same way, anyone or anything "unclean" was not acceptable to God, because it was not "holy," that is, not fit for him to accept. + +Some people and some things could be made clean or "cleansed," that is, acceptable to God, if the people performed the right sacrifices and ceremonies. This was true for foreigners who wished to live among the Israelites and worship Yahweh. However, there were other people and things that could never be made acceptable to him. + +It is important to know that not all unclean things or conditions were actually sinful. For example, after giving birth to a male child, a woman would be unclean for thirty-three days, until the suitable animal sacrifice could be offered for her. It was the flow of blood that made the woman unclean (See: [Leviticus 12:7](../12/07.md)), but it is never suggested that someone with a flow of blood was sinning. In the same way, it was forbidden to eat many animals because God considered them to be unfit for the people to eat or to sacrifice to himself, not because those animals were sinful. + +Because God is without sin, the terms "holy" and "holiness" often signal this same idea. Something belonging to God must be treated well out of respect for God and for his moral standards. + +#### What are the the important narrative features of Leviticus? #### + +On seventeen occasions, the phrase "The Lord said to Moses" (and Aaron), is often used to begin paragraphs. God and Moses frequently speak to others. The verb "speak" is used thirty-eight times. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Why did the Israelites need an elaborate sacrificial system? #### + +Leviticus shows that God is holy, that is, very different than humanity and the rest of the created world. He is free from sin. Because of this, it is impossible to be acceptable to him without being "cleansed." The system of sacrifices was meant to make people and things acceptable to God. However, the people's need to become ritually acceptable to God pointed to a further need to be acceptable on the true spiritual level, that is, the need to be truly freed from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Why was the priesthood important in the book of Leviticus? #### + +Priests were individuals who acted as go-betweens the people and God. They were the persons whom God authorized to present the Israelite's sacrifices to himself. + +#### How was the Israelite sacrificial system different than the sacrificial rituals of other nations in the ancient Near East? #### + +It was common for other nations to sacrifice animals to their idols, but also to practice other kinds of rituals, such as sacred prostitution, in order to persuade the gods to bless their land with the ability to grow crops. Moreover, human sacrifice was by no means unknown. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What important symbols are introduced in Leviticus? #### + +Oil was poured on someone or something meant to be set apart for Yahweh's service. Water was used to symbolize the cleansing of someone or something in order to become acceptable to God. Blood was also used for cleansing and purification because it represented life which needed to be shed for sin. + +#### Why do many sections begin with the phrase "Yahweh said to Moses?" #### + +This phrase shows the reader that these rules ultimately come from God and must be obeyed. You could also translate this as "God told Moses." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/01.md b/luk/01/01.md index eefc29a9cb..311f04ab5f 100644 --- a/luk/01/01.md +++ b/luk/01/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,47 @@ -## accounts ## +# General Information: -"reports" or "true stories" +Luke explains why he writes to Theophilus. -## us ## +# to set in order a narrative -The word "us" in this section may or may not exclude Theophilus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +"to write a narrative" or "to write an account" -## eyewitnesses ## +# about those matters that have been fulfilled among us -"observers" or "watchers" +"about those things that have happened among us" or "about those events that have happened among us" -## had become servants of the word ## +# among us -AT: "had served God by telling people his message" or "had taught people the good news about Jesus" +No one knows for sure who Theophilus was. If he was a Christian, the word "us" here would include him and so be inclusive, and if not, it would be exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## reported them to us ## +# they handed them to us -The "us" in this phrase is exclusive. It does not include Theophilus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +Here "handed them" is a metaphor for telling about the events. AT: "they told them to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## investigated everything accurately ## +# handed them to us -This means he was careful to find out exactly what happened. He probably talked to the different people who saw what happened to make sure that what he wrote down about these events was correct. Another way to translate this would be "carefully researched everything that happened" +The word "us" in this phrase does not include Theophilus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## most excellent ## +# handed them -Luke said this to show honor and respect for Theophilus. This manner of address may also mean that Theophilus was an important government official. Other ways to translate this would be "honorable" or "noble" Some people may prefer to also put this greeting at the beginning and say "To…..Theophilus" or "Dear… Theophilus" +"gave them" or "delivered them" -## Theophilus ## +# servants of the message + +You may need to specify what the message is. AT: "have served God by telling people his message" or "have taught people the good news about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# accurately investigated + +"carefully researched." Luke was careful to find out exactly what happened. He probably talked to the different people who saw what happened to make sure that what he wrote down about these events was correct. + +# most excellent Theophilus + +Luke said this to show honor and respect for Theophilus. This may mean that Theophilus was an important government official. This section should use the style that your culture uses to address people of high status. Some people may prefer to also put this greeting at the beginning and say, "To ... Theophilus" or "Dear ... Theophilus." + +# most excellent + +"honorable" or "noble" + +# Theophilus This name means "friend of God." It may describe this man's character or it may have been his actual name. Most translations have it as a name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/05.md b/luk/01/05.md index 9d11d369df..321c179c75 100644 --- a/luk/01/05.md +++ b/luk/01/05.md @@ -1,43 +1,43 @@ -## In the days of Herod, king of Judea ## +# Connecting Statement: -"During the time that King Herod ruled over Judea" +The angel prophesies the birth of John. -## Judea ## +# General Information: -AT: "the region of Judea" or "the people who lived in Judea" +Zechariah and Elizabeth are introduced. These verses give background information about them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## there was a certain ## +# In the days of Herod, king of Judea -This is a way of introducing an important character in a story. Consider how your language does this. "there was a particular" or "there was a" +The phrase "In the day of" is used to indicate a new event. AT: "During the time that King Herod ruled over Judea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## division ## +# there was a certain -AT: "division of priests" or "group of priests" +"there was a particular" or "there was a." This is a way of introducing a new character in a story. Consider how your language does this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## of Abijah ## +# division -Abijah was an ancestor of this group of priests and all of them were descended from Aaron, who was the first Israelite priest. "who descended from Abijah" +It is understood that this refers to the priests. AT: "division of priests" or "group of priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## His wife ## +# of Abijah -"Zechariah's wife" +"who descended from Abijah." Abijah was an ancestor of this group of priests and all of them were descended from Aaron, who was the first Israelite priest. -## was also from the daughters of ## +# His wife was from the daughters of Aaron -"was also descended from Aaron" or AT: "Zechariah and his wife Elizabeth were both descended from Aaron" +"His wife was descended from Aaron." This means she was from the same line of priests as Zechariah. AT: "His wife was also descended from Aaron" or "Zechariah and his wife Elizabeth were both descended from Aaron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## before God ## +# from the daughters of Aaron + +"descended from Aaron" + +# before God "in God's sight" or "in God's opinion" -## walking ## +# all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord -"obeying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"all that the Lord had commanded and required" -## all the Lord's commandments and requirements ## - -AT: "all that the Lord had commanded and required" - -## But ## +# But This contrast word shows that what follows here is the opposite of what is expected. People expected that if they did what was right, God would allow them to have children. Although this couple did what was right, they did not have any children. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/08.md b/luk/01/08.md index 4d5fa332db..cab1aa30fe 100644 --- a/luk/01/08.md +++ b/luk/01/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## before God ## +# Now it came about -"in God's presence" For clarity, some translators might want to add the implied information "in the temple at Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This phrase is used to mark a shift in the story from the background information to the participants. -## their custom ## +# Zechariah was in God's presence, carrying out the priestly duties -"their tradition" or "their usual way of making important decisions" +It is implied that Zechariah was in God's temple and that these priestly duties were part of worshiping God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## chose him by lot ## +# in the order of his division -A lot was a marked stone that was thrown or rolled on the ground in order to help them decide something. The priests believed that God guided the lot to show them which priest he wanted them to choose. (See: :en:ta:customs:religious:bylot) +"when it was his group's turn" or "when the time came for his group to serve" -## the whole assembly of the people ## +# According to the customary way of choosing which priest would ... burn incense -"a large number of people" or "many people" +This sentence gives us information about priestly duties. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## outside ## +# the customary way -AT: “outside the temple building" or "in the courtyard outside the temple" The courtyard was the enclosed area surrounding the temple. \ No newline at end of file +"the traditional method" or "their usual way" + +# chosen by lot + +A lot was a marked stone that was thrown or rolled on the ground in order to help them decide something. The priests believed that God guided the lot to show them which priest he wanted them to choose. + +# to burn incense + +The priests were to burn sweet-smelling incense as an offering to God each morning and evening on a special altar inside the temple. + +# The whole crowd of people + +"A large number of people" or "Many people" + +# outside + +The courtyard was the enclosed area surrounding the temple. AT: "outside the temple building" or "in the courtyard outside the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# at the hour + +"at the set time." It is unclear if this was the morning or evening time for the incense offering. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/11.md b/luk/01/11.md index 85fdbc9ea5..5ac6e9028b 100644 --- a/luk/01/11.md +++ b/luk/01/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## of the Lord ## +# Connecting Statement: -"from the Lord" or "who was sent by the Lord" +While Zechariah does his duty in the temple, an angel comes from God to give him a message. -## appeared to him ## +# Now -"suddenly came to him" or "was suddenly there with Zechariah" +This word marks the beginning of the action in the story. -## Your prayer has been heard ## +# appeared to him -"God has heard what you asked" The following is implied and could be added: "and will grant it." God did not just hear what Zechariah prayed for; he was also going to do it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"suddenly came to him" or "was suddenly there with Zechariah." This expresses that the angel was present with Zechariah, and not simply a vision. -## will call his name John ## +# Zechariah ... was terrified ... fear fell on him -“will give him the name John” or “will name him John” \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean the same thing, and emphasize how afraid Zechariah was. + +# When Zechariah saw him + +"when Zechariah saw the angel." The source of the fear was the frightening nature of the angel. Zechariah had not done anything wrong. + +# fear fell on him + +Fear is described as if it was something that attacked or overpowered Zechariah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not be afraid + +"Stop being afraid of me" or "You do not need to be afraid of me" + +# your prayer has been heard + +"God has heard what you asked." The following is implied and could be added: "and will grant it." God did not just hear what Zechariah prayed for; he was also going to do it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# bear you a son + +"have a son for you" or "give birth to your son" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/14.md b/luk/01/14.md index c9dddb2f83..ea6b1893b1 100644 --- a/luk/01/14.md +++ b/luk/01/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -The angel continues speaking to Zechariah - -## For ## +# For "Because" or "In addition to this" -## he will be great in the sight of the Lord ## +# You will have joy and gladness -AT: "he will do very important things for the Lord" +The words "joy" and "gladness" mean the same thing and are used to emphasize how great the joy will be. AT: "you will have great joy" or "you will be very glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## He will be filled with the Holy Spirit ## +# at his birth -“The Holy Spirit will empower him” or “The Holy Spirit will guide him” Make sure it does not sound similar to what an evil spirit might do to a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"because of his birth" -## even while in his mother's womb ## +# he will be great in the sight of the Lord -The word “even” here indicates that this is especially surprising news. People had been filled with the Holy Spirit before, but no one had heard of an unborn baby's being filled with the Holy Spirit. \ No newline at end of file +"he will be a very important person for the Lord" or "God will consider him to be very important" + +# he will be filled with the Holy Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Holy Spirit will empower him" or "the Holy Spirit will guide him." Make sure it does not sound similar to what an evil spirit might do to a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from his mother's womb + +"even while he is in his mother's womb" or "even before he is born" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/16.md b/luk/01/16.md index 5cf62a555c..c1c5bd16d8 100644 --- a/luk/01/16.md +++ b/luk/01/16.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -This concludes the angel's speech to Zechariah. +# Many of the people of Israel -## many of the sons of Israel ## +If it sounds as though this does not include Zechariah, this phrase could be translated as "Many of you descendants of Israel" or "Many of you who are God's people, Israel." If this change is made, make sure that "their God" is also changed to "your (plural) God." -If it sounds as though Zechariah is not included, this phrase could be translated as "many of you descendants of Israel" or "many of you who are God's people, Israel." If this change is made, make sure that "their God" is also changed to "your (plural) God." +# be turned -## in advance of him ## +"be turned back" or "return" -He would go to announce to the people that the Lord would come to them. +# will go before the face of the Lord -## in the spirit and power of Elijah ## +He would go in advance to announce to the people that the Lord would come to them. -"with the same spirit and power that Elijah had" The word "spirit" either refers to God's Holy Spirit or to Elijah's attitude or way of thinking. Make sure that the word "spirit" does not mean ghost or evil spirit. +# before the face of -## turn the hearts of the fathers to their children ## +Here, "face of" is an idiom that refers to the Lord's presence. It is sometimes omitted in translation. AT: "before." -AT: "persuade fathers to care about their children again" or "cause fathers to restore their relationships with their children" This would also apply to mothers, but only father's are named. +# in the spirit and power of Elijah -## the disobedient to walk ## +"with the same spirit and power that Elijah had." The word "spirit" either refers to God's Holy Spirit or to Elijah's attitude or way of thinking. Make sure that the word "spirit" does not mean ghost or evil spirit. -"the disobedient to act" or "the disobedient to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# turn the hearts of the fathers to the children -## prepared for the Lord ## +"persuade fathers to care about their children again" or "cause fathers to restore their relationships with their children" -This could be translated as "ready to believe the Lord's message" or "ready to obey the Lord." \ No newline at end of file +# turn the hearts + +The heart is spoken of as if it is something that can be turned to go in a different direction. This refers to changing someone's attitude toward something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the disobedient will walk + +"walk" is a metaphor for the way a person lives and acts. AT: "the disobedient will act" or "the disobedient will live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the disobedient + +"people who do not obey" + +# make ready for the Lord + +It is not stated how they will be ready. This implied information could be added. AT: "make ready to believe the Lord's message" or "make ready to obey the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/18.md b/luk/01/18.md index cd36c18b13..59c90546ca 100644 --- a/luk/01/18.md +++ b/luk/01/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## How will I know this will happen ## +# How can I know this? -AT: "How can I know for sure that what you said will happen?" +"How can I know for sure that what you said will happen?" Here, "know" means to learn by experience, suggesting Zechariah was asking for a sign as proof. AT: "What can you do to prove to me that this will happen?" -## believe my words ## +# I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God -"believe what I said" +This is stated as a rebuke to Zechariah. The presence of Gabriel, coming directly from God, should be enough proof for Zechariah. -## at the proper time ## +# who stands -“at the right time” or “at the appointed time” \ No newline at end of file +"who serves" + +# I was sent to speak to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God sent me to speak to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Behold + +"Look" or "Listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# silent, unable to speak + +These mean the same thing, and are repeated to emphasize the completeness of his silence. AT: "completely unable to speak" or "not able to speak at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# not believe my words + +"not believe what I said" + +# at the right time + +"at the appointed time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/21.md b/luk/01/21.md index 3b1ce8cc7c..1ba5fc9358 100644 --- a/luk/01/21.md +++ b/luk/01/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Meanwhile ## +# Now -AT: "And" or AT: "While the angel and Zechariah were talking" +This marks a shift in the story from what happened inside the temple to what happened outside. AT: "While that was happening" or "While the angel and Zechariah were talking" -## the people were waiting for Zechariah and wondering why he stayed so long in the temple ## +# They realized that he had seen a vision while he was in the temple. He kept on making signs to them and remained silent -This could also be translated with a direct quote: "the people were waiting for Zechariah, and they wondered, 'Why is he staying so long in the temple?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +These things probably happened at the same time, and Zechariah's signs helped the people understand that he had had a vision. It might be helpful to your audience to change the order to show that. AT: "He kept on making signs to them and remained silent. So they realized that he had seen a vision while he was in the temple" -## came out ## +# a vision -AT: "came out of the temple building." \ No newline at end of file +The earlier description indicated that Gabriel actually came to Zechariah in the temple. The people, not knowing that, assumed Zechariah saw a vision. + +# It came about + +This phrase moves the story ahead to when Zechariah's service was ended. + +# he went to his house + +Zechariah did not live in Jerusalem, where the temple was located. He traveled to his home town. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/24.md b/luk/01/24.md index e7effe86e4..976beea741 100644 --- a/luk/01/24.md +++ b/luk/01/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## his wife ## +# After these days + +The phrase "these days" refers to the time Zechariah was serving in the temple. It is possible to state more clearly what this refers to. AT: "After Zechariah's time of serving at the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his wife "Zechariah's wife" -## five months ## +# kept herself hidden -See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]]. +"did not leave her house" or "stayed inside by herself" -## This is what the Lord has done for me ## +# This is what the Lord has done for me This phrase refers to the fact that the Lord allowed her to become pregnant. -## watched over me ## +# This is what -"regarded me kindly" or "had pity on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a positive exclamation. She was very happy with what the Lord had done for her. + +# looked at me with favor + +"to look at" is an idiom that means "to treat" or "to deal with." AT: "regarded me kindly" or "had pity on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my shame + +This refers to the shame she felt because she was not able to have children. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/26.md b/luk/01/26.md index 0a3e681682..ffc59ab29a 100644 --- a/luk/01/26.md +++ b/luk/01/26.md @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ -## the angel Gabriel was sent by God ## +# General Information: -AT: "God told the angel Gabriel to go." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The angel Gabriel announces to Mary that she is going to be the mother of the one who is the Son of God. -## engaged ## +# In the sixth month -"pledged" or "promised to be married" Mary's parents had made a commitment for her to marry Joseph. +"in the sixth month of Elizabeth's pregnancy." It may be necessary to state this clearly if it would be confused with the sixth month of the year. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## came to her ## +# the angel Gabriel was sent from God -"came to where Mary was" or "went to where Mary was" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God told the angel Gabriel to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Greetings ## +# engaged -AT: “Rejoice” or AT: "Be glad" This was a common greeting. +"pledged" or "promised to be married." Mary's parents had made a commitment for her to marry Joseph. -## highly favored one ## +# He belonged to the house of David -“you who are highly favored" or "you who have received grace" or "you who have received kindness” +"He belonged to the same tribe as David" or "He was a descendent of King David" -## was very troubled ## +# the virgin's name was Mary -"was disturbed" or "was afraid and confused" +This introduces Mary as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## what kind of greeting this might be ## +# He came to her -Mary understood the meaning of the individual words, but she did not understand why the angel said them to her. \ No newline at end of file +"The angel came to Mary" + +# Greetings + +This was a common greeting. It means: "Rejoice" or "Be glad." + +# you who are highly favored! + +"you who have received great grace!" or "you who have received special kindness!" + +# The Lord is with you + +"with you" is an idiom that implies support and acceptance. AT: "The Lord is pleased with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# she was very confused ... wondered what kind of greeting this could be + +Mary understood the meaning of the individual words, but she did not understand why the angel said this amazing greeting to her. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/30.md b/luk/01/30.md index b80ff892a2..880ccaa72d 100644 --- a/luk/01/30.md +++ b/luk/01/30.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## found favor with God ## +# Do not be afraid, Mary -AT:"God has decided to give you his grace” or “God is being gracious to you" or “God is showing you his kindness” +The angel does not want Mary to be afraid of his appearance, because God sent him with a positive message. -## will be called the Son of the Most High ## +# you have found favor with God -AT: "people will call him the Son of the Most High One" or "people will acknowledge that he is the Son of God Most High" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The idiom "to find favor" means to be positively received by someone. The sentence can be altered to show God as the actor. AT: "God has decided to give you his grace" or "God is showing you his kindness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## give him the throne of his father, David ## +# you will conceive in your womb and bear a son ... Jesus ... the Son of the Most High -AT: "give him authority to rule as king like his ancestor David did" The throne represents the king's authority to rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Mary will bear "a son" who will be called "the Son of the Most High." Jesus is therefore a human son born of a human mother, and he is also the Son of God. These terms should be translated very carefully. -## his father ## +# will be called -The Bible often uses the word "fathers" to refer to ancestors and uses the word "sons" to refer to descendants. The word "his" refers to Mary's son. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "people will call him" or 2) "God will call him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Son of the Most High + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# give him the throne of his ancestor David + +The throne represents the king's authority to rule. AT: "give him authority to rule as king as his ancestor David did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there will be no end to his kingdom + +The negative phrase "no end" emphasizes that it continues forever. It could also be stated with a positive phrase. AT: "his kingdom will never end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/34.md b/luk/01/34.md index 8ba1ded1e7..85b3dc9f16 100644 --- a/luk/01/34.md +++ b/luk/01/34.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## How will this happen ## +# How will this happen -AT: "How is this possible" Though Mary did not understand how it could happen, she did not doubt that it would happen. +Though Mary did not understand how it could happen, she did not doubt that it would happen. AT: "How is this possible?" -## will come over you ## +# I have not slept with any man -This phrase and the next one are ways of saying that the Holy Spirit would supernaturally cause Mary to become pregnant even while she still remained a virgin. Make sure it is clear that there was no physical union involved; this was a miracle. +Mary used this polite expression to say that she had not engaged in sexual activity. AT: "I am a virgin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## The power of ## +# The Holy Spirit will come upon you -AT: "By his power" +The process of Mary's conception would begin with the Holy Spirit coming to her. -## will overshadow you ## +# will come upon -"will cover you like a shadow" or AT: "will be with you" or AT: "will cause this to happen" Again, make sure this does not imply any physical union. +"will overtake" or "will happen to" -## the holy one ## +# the power of the Most High -AT: "the holy child" or "the holy baby" +It was God's "power" that would supernaturally cause Mary to become pregnant even while she still remained a virgin. Make sure this does not imply any physical or sexual union—this was a miracle. -## will be called ## +# will come over you -AT: "people will call him" or "people will acknowledge that he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"will cover you like a shadow" + +# So the holy one to be born will be called the Son of God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So they will call the holy one who will be born the Son of God" or "So the baby that will be born will be holy, and people will call him the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the holy one + +"the holy child" or "the holy baby" + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/36.md b/luk/01/36.md index 1ebb594347..75eee69f0a 100644 --- a/luk/01/36.md +++ b/luk/01/36.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -This concludes the angel's speech to Mary. +# See -## your relative ## +This expression here emphasizes the importance of the statement about Elizabeth that follows. + +# your relative Elizabeth If you need to state a specific relationship, Elizabeth was probably Mary's aunt or great-aunt. -## also has conceived a son in her old age ## +# has also conceived a son in her old age -"has also become pregnant with a son, even though she is already very old" or "even though she is old, has also become pregnant and will bear a son" Make sure it doesn't sound as though both Mary and Elizabeth were old when they conceived. +"has also become pregnant with a son, even though she is already very old" or "even though she is old, has also become pregnant and will bear a son." Make sure it does not sound as though both Mary and Elizabeth were old when they conceived. -## nothing is impossible for God! ## +# the sixth month for her -"because God can do anything" What God had done for Elizabeth was proof that God was able to do anything, and that he could even enable Mary to become pregnant without her having sexual relations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +"the sixth month of her pregnancy" -## I am the Lord's servant ## +# For -"I am a servant of the Lord" Choose an expression that shows her humility and obedience to the Lord. She was not boasting about being the Lord's servant. +"Because" or "This shows that" -## Let this happen to me ## +# nothing will be impossible for God -Mary was expressing her willingness for the things to happen the angel had told her were about to happen. \ No newline at end of file +Elizabeth's pregnancy was proof that God was able to do anything—even enable Mary to become pregnant without her sleeping with a man. The double negatives in this statement can be stated with positive terms. AT: "God can do anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# See + +Mary uses the same expression as the angel to emphasize how serious she was about her decision to submit to the Lord. + +# I am the female servant of the Lord + +Choose an expression that shows her humility and obedience to the Lord. She was not boasting about being the Lord's servant. + +# Let it be for me + +"Let this happen to me." Mary was expressing her willingness for the things to happen that the angel had told her were about to happen. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/39.md b/luk/01/39.md index f426df5489..c0a1e40673 100644 --- a/luk/01/39.md +++ b/luk/01/39.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Now ## +# Connecting Statement: -This word introduces a new part of the story. Consider how your language does this. Some translations might not use an introductory word here. +Mary goes to visit her relative Elizabeth who was going to give birth to John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## got up ## +# arose -AT: "started out" or AT: "got ready" +This idiom means she not only stood up, but also "got ready." AT: "started out" or "got ready" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the hill country ## +# the hill country "the hilly area" or "the mountainous part of Israel" -## where she went ## +# She went -"and she went" or AT: "when she arrived, she went" +It is implied that Mary finished her journey before she went in to Zechariah's house. This could be stated clearly. AT: "When she arrived, she went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## leaped ## +# Now it happened + +The phrase is used to mark a new event in this part of the story. + +# in her womb + +"in Elizabeth's womb" + +# jumped "moved suddenly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/42.md b/luk/01/42.md index d9b6d2b9f7..f662203875 100644 --- a/luk/01/42.md +++ b/luk/01/42.md @@ -1,27 +1,47 @@ -## She ## +# raised her voice ... said loudly -It may be more clear or more natural to say "Elizabeth" here, depending on how you translated the previous verse. +These two phrases mean the same thing, and are used to emphasize how excited Elizabeth was. They could be combined into one phrase. AT: "exclaimed loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the fruit of your womb ## +# raised her voice -AT: "the baby in your womb" or "the baby you will bear" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This idiom means "increased the volume of her voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## How is it that the mother of my Lord should come to me? ## +# Blessed are you among women -AT: "How wonderful it is that the mother of my Lord has come to me!" Elizabeth was not asking for information--rather, she was showing how surprised and happy she was that the mother of the Lord had come to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The idiom "among women" means "more than any other woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the mother of my Lord ## +# the fruit of your womb -AT: "you, the mother of my Lord" This refers to Mary. +Mary's baby is spoken of as if it is the fruit that a plant produces. AT: "the baby in your womb" or "the baby you will bear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## leaped ## +# Why has it happened to me that the mother of my Lord should come to me? -"moved suddenly" or "turned forcefully" +Elizabeth was not asking for information. She was showing how surprised and happy she was that the mother of the Lord had come to her. AT: "How wonderful it is that the mother of my Lord has come to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## She who has believed is blessed ## +# the mother of my Lord -AT: "You who have believed are blessed" or AT: "Because you believed, you will be glad" +It can be made clear that Elizabeth was calling Mary "the mother of my Lord" by adding the word "you." AT: "you, the mother of my Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## the things which have been spoken to her from the Lord ## +# For see -AT: "the message that the Lord gave to her" or AT:"the things that the Lord told you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase alerts Mary to pay attention to Elizabeth's surprising statement that follows. + +# when the sound of your greeting came to my ears + +Hearing a sound is spoken of as if the sound came to the ears. AT: "when I heard the sound of your greeting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# jumped for joy + +"moved suddenly with joy" or "turned forcefully because he was so happy" + +# Blessed is she who believed + +Elizabeth was talking about Mary to Mary. AT: "You who have believed are blessed" or "Because you believed, you will be glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# there would be a fulfillment of the things + +"these things would actually happen" or "these things would come true" + +# the things that were told her from the Lord + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the message that the Lord gave to her" or "the things that the Lord told you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/46.md b/luk/01/46.md index 939b87ba06..b80bf35f79 100644 --- a/luk/01/46.md +++ b/luk/01/46.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## My soul…my spirit ## +# General Information: -These could be translated as "Oh how I" or "how I" which express deep emotion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Mary is using a form of poetry where she states the same thing in two slightly different ways. Both "soul" and "spirit" refer to the spiritual part of a person. She is saying that her worship comes from deep inside her. If possible, translate these with two slightly different words or phrases that have that similar meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Mary begins a song of praise to the Lord her Savior. -## rejoices in ## +# My soul praises ... my spirit has rejoiced -“feels very joyful about” or “is very happy about” +Both "soul" and "spirit" refer to the spiritual part of a person. Mary is saying that her worship comes from deep inside her. AT: "My inner being praises ... my heart has rejoiced" or "I praise ... I rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## God my Savior ## +# has rejoiced in -“God, the One who saves me” or “God who saves me” \ No newline at end of file +"has felt very joyful about" or "was very happy about" + +# God my savior + +"God, the One who saves me" or "God who saves me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/48.md b/luk/01/48.md index 376c74fe2e..afc1dd182a 100644 --- a/luk/01/48.md +++ b/luk/01/48.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Mary continues to praise God. +# For he -## lowly ## +"Because he" -"humble" or "poor" Mary did not have high social standing. +# looked at -## paid attention ## +"looked at with concern" or "cared about" -"thought about" or "remembered" or AT: "did not forget" This is not an issue of God's ability to remember, but his choosing to remember. +# low condition -## from now on ## +"poverty." Mary's family was not rich. -“now and in the future” +# For see -## the Mighty One ## +This phrase calls attention to the statement that follows. -AT: "God, the Powerful One" +# from now on -## his name ## +"now and in the future" + +# all generations + +"the people in all generations" + +# he who is mighty + +"God, the Powerful One" + +# his name Here "name" refers to the entire person of God. AT: "he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/50.md b/luk/01/50.md index 6e76563c4b..781e561144 100644 --- a/luk/01/50.md +++ b/luk/01/50.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -Mary continues to praise God. +# His mercy -## His mercy is for ## +"God's mercy" -"he shows mercy to" or "he is merciful to" or AT: "God's mercy is for" +# from generation to generation -## generation after generation of people ## +"from one generation to the next generation" or "throughout every generation" or "to people in every time period" -AT: "every generation of people" or AT: "people in every time period" +# displayed strength with his arm -## fear him ## +Here "his arm" is a metonym that stands for God's power. AT: "shown that he is very powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This has a wider meaning than just being afraid. It also means to respect, honor, and obey God. +# scattered -## with his arm ## +"chased away in different directions" -"by means of his arm" This is a picture of God's strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# thoughts of their hearts -## scattered ## - -"chased away" or AT: "caused them to run away in different directions" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that refers to their deepest, or most intimate thoughts. AT: "thoughts in their inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/52.md b/luk/01/52.md index 7a7c22b811..a01747bacc 100644 --- a/luk/01/52.md +++ b/luk/01/52.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Mary continues to praise God. +# He has thrown down princes from their thrones -## He has pulled down rulers from their thrones ## +A throne is a chair that a ruler sits on, and it is a symbol of his authority. If a prince is brought down from his throne, it means he no longer has the authority to reign. AT: "He has taken away the authority of princes" or "He has made rulers stop ruling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "He has taken away the authority of kings" or AT: "He has made rulers stop ruling" A throne is a chair that a king sits on, and it is a symbol of his authority. If a king is brought down from his throne, it means he no longer has the authority to reign as king. +# thrown down princes ... raised up those of low condition -## has raised up lowly people ## +The contrast between these two opposite actions should be made clear in the translation if possible. -In this word picture, people who are important are higher than people who are less important. If your language does not have this kind of metaphor, you could translate this as AT: "has made humble people important" or AT: "has given honor to people whom others have not honored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# low condition -## given good things ## +"poverty." Mary's family was not rich. See how you translated this in [Luke 1:48](./48.md). -AT: "given good food" \ No newline at end of file +# has raised up those of low condition + +In this word picture, people who are important are higher than people who are less important. AT: "has made humble people important" or "has given honor to people whom others have not honored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He has filled the hungry ... the rich he has sent away empty + +The contrast between these two opposite actions should be made clear in the translation if possible. + +# filled the hungry with good things + +Possible meanings are 1) "given the hungry good food to eat" or 2) "given the needy good things." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/54.md b/luk/01/54.md index c4f6183562..491dc6bc21 100644 --- a/luk/01/54.md +++ b/luk/01/54.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -This concludes Mary's praise to God. +# General Information: -## He has helped ## +The UDB rearranges these verses into a verse bridge in order to keep the information about Israel together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -AT: "The Lord has helped" +# He has given help to -## his servant Israel ## +"The Lord has helped" -If readers confuse this with the the man named Israel, it could be translated as AT: "his servant, the nation of Israel" or AT: "Israel, his servants" +# Israel his servant -## his descendants ## +If readers confuse this with the man named Israel, it could be translated as "his servant, the nation of Israel" or "Israel, his servants." -"Abraham's descendants" +# so as to -## just as he promised to our ancestors he would do ## +"in order to" -AT: "because he promised our ancestors he would be merciful" \ No newline at end of file +# to remember + +God cannot forget. When God "remembers," it is an idiom that means God acts upon his earlier promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# as he said to our fathers + +"just as he promised our ancestors he would do." This phrase supplies background information about God's promise to Abraham. AT: "because he promised our ancestors he would be merciful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# his descendants + +"Abraham's descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/56.md b/luk/01/56.md index ed6879abd3..e844d253ba 100644 --- a/luk/01/56.md +++ b/luk/01/56.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## three months ## +# Connecting Statement: -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]].) +Elizabeth delivers her baby and then Zechariah names their baby. -## returned to her house ## +# returned to her house -"Mary returned to her (Mary's) house" +"Mary returned to her (Mary's) house" or "Mary returned to her own house" -## deliver her baby ## +# Now -"give birth to her baby" or "bear her child" +This word marks the beginning of the next event in the story. -## Her neighbors and her relatives ## +# Her neighbors and her relatives -AT: "Elizabeth's neighbors and relatives" \ No newline at end of file +"Elizabeth's neighbors and relatives" + +# shown his great mercy to her + +"been so kind to her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/59.md b/luk/01/59.md index a3ee991a83..d4afc3abaa 100644 --- a/luk/01/59.md +++ b/luk/01/59.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Then, on the eighth day ## +# Now it happened -"When the baby was eight days old" or AT: "Then, on the eighth day after the baby was born" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeday]]) +This phrase is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke starts to tell a new part of the story. AT: "Now when the baby was eight days old" or "Then, on the eighth day after the baby was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## they ## +# on the eighth day -AT: "Zechariah and Elizabeth's friends and relatives" or AT: "people." +Here "eighth day" refers to the time after the birth of the baby. AT: "when the baby was eight days old" or "on the eighth day after the baby was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## to circumcise the baby ## +# they came to circumcise the child -"for the baby to be circumcised" or AT: "for the baby's circumcision ceremony" One person circumcised the baby, and the others were there to celebrate with the family. +This was often a ceremony where one person circumcised the baby and friends were there to celebrate with the family. AT: "they came for the baby's circumcision ceremony" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they would have called him ## +# They would have called him -"they were going to name him" or "they wanted to give him the name" +"They were going to name him" or "They wanted to give him the name" -## after the name of his father ## +# after the name of his father -"his father's name" or AT: "like his father" +"his father's name" -## by this name ## +# by this name -"by that name" \ No newline at end of file +"by that name" or "by the same name" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/62.md b/luk/01/62.md index 137dc81362..37ae2f0f41 100644 --- a/luk/01/62.md +++ b/luk/01/62.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## They gestured ## +# They -"They" refers to the people who were there for the circumcision ceremony. +This refers to the people who were there for the circumcision ceremony. -## to his father ## +# made signs + +"motioned." Either Zechariah was unable to hear, as well as speak, or the people assumed that he could not hear. + +# to his father "to the baby's father" -## what name he wanted him to be called ## +# how he wanted him to be named -"what he wanted his son to be named" AT: "what name Zechariah wanted the baby to have" +"what name Zechariah wanted to give the baby" -## He asked ## +# His father asked for a writing tablet -AT: "Zechariah asked" He must have used gestures in order to ask for the writing tablet. +It may be helpful to state how Zechariah "asked," since he could not speak. AT: "His father used his hands to show the people that he wanted them to give him a writing tablet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## writing tablet ## +# writing tablet "something on which to write" -## very surprised ## +# astonished -"amazed" \ No newline at end of file +"very surprised" or "amazed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/64.md b/luk/01/64.md index a3501d6a4e..5d564845eb 100644 --- a/luk/01/64.md +++ b/luk/01/64.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## his mouth was opened...his tongue was freed ## +# his mouth was opened ... his tongue was freed -These are word pictures meaning that now he was able to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +These two phrases are word pictures that together emphasize that Zechariah was suddenly able to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Fear came on everyone who lived around them ## +# his mouth was opened and his tongue was freed -"All who lived around Zechariah and Elizabeth were afraid" or AT: "All who lived around them were in awe of God" They saw that God is powerful. +These phrases can be stated in active form. AT: "God opened his mouth and freed his tongue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## everyone ## +# Fear came on all who lived around them -"Everyone" does not refer only to their immediate neighbors but to all who lived in that area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"All who lived around Zechariah and Elizabeth were afraid." It may be helpful to state clearly why they were afraid. AT: "All who lived around them were in awe of God because he had done this to Zechariah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## everything that happened was being talked about ## +# all who lived around them -AT: "people were talking about all these things that had happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "all" here is a generalization. AT: "those who lived around them" or "many who lived in that area" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## who heard about this ## +# All these matters were spread throughout all the hill country of Judea -The word "this" here refers to the things that had happened. +The phrase "these matters were spread" is a metaphor for people hearing about them. AT: "People throughout the hill country of Judea heard about all these matters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## thinking ## +# All who heard them -"wondering" +"All who heard about these matters" -## and said ## +# stored them in their hearts -"and asked" +Thinking a lot about things that have happened is spoken of as putting those things safely in their hearts. AT: "thought carefully about these matters" or "though a lot about these events" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## What will this child become? ## +# saying -AT: "What kind of great person will this baby grow up to be?" or AT: "What a great man this child will be!" This question shows the people's surprise. Because of what they had heard about the baby, they realized that he would grow up to be an important man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"asking" -## the hand of the Lord was with him ## +# What then will this child become? -"The Lord's power was with him" or "The Lord was working in him powerfully" The phrase "the hand of the Lord" refers to the Lord's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"What kind of great person will this baby grow up to be?" It is also possible that this question was meant to be a statement of their surprise at what they had heard about the baby. AT: "What a great man this child will be!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the hand of the Lord was with him + +The phrase "the hand of the Lord" refers to the Lord's power. AT: "the Lord's power was with him" or "the Lord was working in him powerfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/67.md b/luk/01/67.md index 641e4d5792..c8d9b4989d 100644 --- a/luk/01/67.md +++ b/luk/01/67.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## spoke this prophesy ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "prophesied and said" or AT: "and prophesied, and this is what he said" Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotes in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +Zechariah tells what will happen with his son John. -## the God of Israel ## +# His father Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit -AT: "the God who reigns over Israel" or AT: "the God whom Israel worships" Israel here refers to the nation of Israel. Zechariah, as well as the people to whom he was talking, all belonged to the nation of Israel. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Holy Spirit filled his father Zechariah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## has come to us ## +# His father -AT: "has come to help us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +John's father -## his people ## +# prophesied, saying + +Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotes in your language. AT: "prophesied and said" or "prophesied, and this is what he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# the God of Israel + +"Israel" here refers to the nation of Israel. The relationship between God and Israel could be stated more directly. AT: "the God who reigns over Israel" or "the God whom Israel worships" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his people "God's people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/69.md b/luk/01/69.md index 63401b912a..97c505a26d 100644 --- a/luk/01/69.md +++ b/luk/01/69.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Zechariah continues to prophesy. +# a horn of salvation for us -## his servant David ## +The horn of an animal is a symbol of its power to defend itself. The Messiah is spoken of as if he were a horn with the power to save Israel. AT: "someone with the power to save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "King David, who served him" +# in the house of his servant David -## just as God ## +David's "house" here represents his family, specifically, his descendants. AT: "in the family of his servant David" or "who is a descendant of his servant David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "That is what God promised he would do when he" +# as he spoke -## spoke through his holy prophets ## +"just as God said" -AT: "caused his holy prophets to say" (UDB) When God spoke through the prophets, they used their own voices, but God enabled them to speak the words he wanted them to speak. +# he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets who were in ancient times -## salvation from our enemies, and from the hand of everyone who hates us ## +God speaking by the prophets' mouths represents God causing his prophets to say what he wanted them to say. AT: "he caused his holy prophets who lived long ago to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# were in ancient times -## and from the hand ## +"lived long ago" -AT: "and salvation from the hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# will bring salvation from our enemies -## hand ## +The abstract noun "salvation" can be expressed with the verbs "save" or "rescue." AT: "will save us from our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"power" or "control" The word "hand" is associated with the power or control that is being used to harm God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# our enemies ... all who hate us + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how strongly their enemies are against them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# hand + +"power" or "control." The word "hand" represents the power that wicked persons use against God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/72.md b/luk/01/72.md index 2dc9502562..54c86a92a3 100644 --- a/luk/01/72.md +++ b/luk/01/72.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -Zechariah continues to prophesy. +# to show mercy to -## to show mercy ## +"to be merciful to" or "to act according to his mercy toward" -"to be merciful to" or "to act according to his mercy" - -## remember ## +# remember Here the word "remember" means to keep a commitment or fulfill something. -## from the hand of our enemies ## +# his holy covenant ... the oath that he spoke -"Hand" refers to the harmful control or power a person has over another person. AT: "from the control of our enemies" or "from being harmed and enslaved by our enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These two phrases refer to the same thing. They are repeated to show the seriousness of God's promise to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## without fear ## +# to grant to us -AT: "without being afraid of our enemies" +"to make it possible for us" -## in holiness and righteousness ## +# that we, having been delivered ... would serve him without fear -AT: "while we live in a holy and righteous way" or "to live holy lives and do what is right" +It may be helpful to change the order of these phrases. AT: "that we would serve him without fear after we are rescued from the power of our enemies" -## before him ## +# out of the hand of our enemies -"in his presence" or "according to his will" +"hand" refers to the control or power a person. This could be stated clearly. AT: "from the control of our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## all our days ## +# without fear -"our entire life" \ No newline at end of file +This refers back to the fear of their enemies. AT: "without being afraid of our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# in holiness and righteousness + +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "holiness" and "righteousness." Possible meanings are 1) we would serve God in holy and righteous ways. AT: "doing what is holy and righteous" or 2) we would be holy and righteous. AT: "being holy and righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# before him + +This is an idiom which means "in his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/76.md b/luk/01/76.md index d8d514cd40..27b7603a46 100644 --- a/luk/01/76.md +++ b/luk/01/76.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Zechariah continues to prophesy, but now he speaks directly to his newborn son. +# Yes, and you -## will be called the prophet ## +Zechariah uses this phrase to begin his direct address to his son. You may have a similar way to direct speech in your language. -At: "will be the prophet" This means he actually will be the prophet, not just called a prophet, and people will know him as such. +# you, child, will be called a prophet -## of the Most High ## +People will realize that he is a prophet. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will know that you are a prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "who serves the Most High" or AT: "who speaks for God Most High" +# of the Most High -## how they can be saved through the forgiveness of their sins ## +"who serves the Most High." This refers to God. AT: "who speaks for God Most High." -AT: "how God will save them by forgiving their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# go before the face of the Lord + +This idiom means "go ahead of the Lord" or "come before the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to prepare his paths + +This is a metaphor that means that John will prepare the people to listen to and believe the Lord's message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to give knowledge of salvation ... by the forgiveness of their sins + +The phrase "give knowledge" is a metaphor for teaching. The abstract nouns "salvation" and "forgiveness" can be expressed with the verbs "save" and "forgive." AT: "to teach his people salvation through the forgiveness of their sins" or "to teach his people how God saves people by forgiving their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/78.md b/luk/01/78.md index 8bb7730a2b..a600fda0b0 100644 --- a/luk/01/78.md +++ b/luk/01/78.md @@ -1,37 +1,27 @@ -Zechariah continues prophesying to his newborn son. +# because of the tender mercy of our God -## because of his tender mercy ## +It might be helpful to state that God's mercy helps people. AT: "because God is compassionate and merciful to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "because he is compassionate and merciful to us" +# the sunrise from on high ... to shine on -## of our God ## +Light is often a metaphor for truth. Here, the spiritual truth the Savior will provide is spoken of as if it is a sunrise that lights up the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Note that throughout these verses "us" and "our" are inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +# shine on -## like the rising sun ## +"give knowledge to" or "give spiritual light to" -"like the sunrise" or "like the dawn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# those who sit in darkness -## He will shine upon ## +Darkness is here a metaphor for the absence of spiritual truth. Here, people who lack spiritual truth are spoken of as if they are sitting in darkness. AT: "people who do not know the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "He will give knowledge to" or AT: "He will give spiritual light to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# darkness ... shadow of death -## people who sit in darkness ## +These two phrases work together to emphasize the deep spiritual darkness of people before God shows them mercy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -AT: "people who do not know the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# in the shadow of death -## and the shadow of death ## +The shadow often represents something that is about to happen. Here, it refers to approaching death. AT: "who are about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "who are about to die" or "and who are afraid that they will soon die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# guide our feet into the path of peace -## guide ## - -"direct" or AT: "teach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## our feet ## - -AT: "us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## into the path of peace ## - -AT: "into a peaceful life" or AT: "into a life at peace with God" or AT: "to walk along a path that leads to peace" or "to live in a way that brings peace with God" Make sure your translation of this fits with how you translate "our feet." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "guide" is a metaphor for teaching, and "path of peace" is a metaphor for living at peace with God. The phrase "our feet" is a synecdoche that represents the whole person. AT: "teach us how to live at peace with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/80.md b/luk/01/80.md index 5917244804..6db29fdf13 100644 --- a/luk/01/80.md +++ b/luk/01/80.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## became strong in spirit ## +# General Information: -AT: "became spiritually mature" or AT: "grew strong in his relationship with God" or AT: "developed a strong moral character" +This tells briefly about John's growing years. -## until ## +# Now -“even when” This does not necessarily mark a stopping point. John continued to live out in the desert even after he started preaching publicly. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Luke quickly moves from the birth of John to the beginning of his ministry as an adult. -## appear publicly to ## +# became strong in spirit -"go before" or AT: "preach in public" \ No newline at end of file +"became spiritually mature" or "strengthened his relationship with God" + +# was in the wilderness + +"lived in the wilderness." Luke does not say at what age John began to live in the wilderness. + +# until + +This does not necessarily mark a stopping point. John continued to live out in the desert even after he started preaching publicly. + +# the day of his public appearance + +"when he began to preach in public" + +# the day + +This is used here in the general sense of "the time" or "the occasion." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/01/intro.md b/luk/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..90192e8cdb --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Luke 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart long prayers or prophesies. For this reason, the ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:46-55, 68-79. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "He will be called John" ##### +It was unusual in the ancient Near East to use a name for a child that was not the name of a relative. Since Elizabeth and Zechariah did not have a person named "John" in their family, this name was very surprising to other people. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +Luke does not use a lot of complex wording. His language is simple and straightforward. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Luke intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/01.md b/luk/02/01.md index b161fbe825..a53f2fde0c 100644 --- a/luk/02/01.md +++ b/luk/02/01.md @@ -1,39 +1,43 @@ -## Now ## +# General Information: -This word shows that the author is introducing another subject. +This gives background to show why Mary and Joseph have to move for the birth of Jesus. -## it came about that ## +# Now + +This word marks the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# it came about that This phrase is used to show that this is the beginning of an account. If your language has a way of showing the start of an account, you may use that. Some versions do not include this phrase. -## Caesar Augustus ## +# Caesar Augustus -"King Augustus" or "Emperor Augustus." Augustus was the first emperor of the Roman Empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"King Augustus" or "Emperor Augustus." Augustus was the first emperor of the Roman Empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## sent out a decree ordering ## +# sent out a decree ordering -A decree is an order or command. This could be translated as "decreed" or "ordered" or "gave the command." +This command was probably carried by messengers throughout the empire. AT: "sent messengers with a decree ordering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## that a census be taken of all the people living in the Roman world ## +# that a census be taken of all the people living in the world -This could be translated as "that they register all the people living in the Roman world" or "that they count all the people in the Roman world and write down their names." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that they register all the people living in the world" or "that they count all the people in the world and write down their names" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the Roman world ## +# the world -This could be translated as "the part of the world controlled by the Roman government" or "the countries ruled by the Roman emperor" or "the Roman empire." +Here the word "world" represents only the part of the world that Caesar August ruled. AT: "the Empire" or "the Roman world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Quirinius ## +# Quirinius Quirinius was appointed to be the governor of Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## everyone went - ## +# everyone went -** This could be translated as "everyone started off" or "everyone was going." +"everyone started off" or "everyone was going" -## his own town ## +# his own city -"the town his ancestors lived in" +This refers to the cities where people's ancestors lived. People may have lived in a different city. AT: "the city in which his ancestors lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to be registered for the census ## +# to be registered for the census -"to have their name written in the register" or "to be included in the official count" \ No newline at end of file +"to have their names written in the register" or "to be included in the official count" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/04.md b/luk/02/04.md index 11973751b4..c316ff6206 100644 --- a/luk/02/04.md +++ b/luk/02/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## traveled to the Judean town of Bethlehem ## +# General Information: -This could be translated as "went up to the town of Bethlehem in Judea." Bethlehem was higher in elevation than Nazareth. +The UDB rearranges these two verses into a verse bridge in order to make it easier to shorten the sentences. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## city of David ## +# Joseph also -Bethlehem was called a city because of its importance, not its size. King David was born there and there was a prophecy that the Messiah would be born there. "City of David" could be translated as "city of King David." +This introduces Joseph as a new participant in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## to register ## +# to the city of David which is called Bethlehem -This could be translated as "to have his name written in the register" or "to be included in the count." +The phrase "the city of David" was a name for Bethlehem that tells why Bethlehem was important. Although it was a small town, King David was born there, and there was a prophecy that the Messiah would be born there. AT: "to Bethlehem, the city of King David" or "to Bethlehem, the town where King David was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## along with Mary ## +# because he was of the house and family line of David -Mary traveled with Joseph from Nazareth. It is likely that women were also taxed, so Mary would have needed to travel and be registered as well. +"because Joseph was a descendant of David" -## who was engaged to him ## +# to register -This could be translated as "his fiancée" or "who was promised to him." An engaged couple was considered legally married, but there would not have been physical intimacy between them. \ No newline at end of file +This means to report to the officials there so they could include him in the count. Use a term for an official government count if possible. + +# along with Mary + +Mary traveled with Joseph from Nazareth. It is likely that women were also taxed, so Mary would have needed to travel and be registered as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# who was engaged to him + +"his fiancee" or "who was promised to him." An engaged couple was considered legally married, but there would not have been physical intimacy between them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/06.md b/luk/02/06.md index 582cff2e7b..bb1e86861f 100644 --- a/luk/02/06.md +++ b/luk/02/06.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## while they were there ## +# Connecting Statement: + +This tells of the birth of Jesus and the announcement by the angels to the shepherds. + +# General Information: + +The UDB rearranges these verses into a verse bridge in order to keep together the details about the place they stayed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# Now it came about + +This phrase marks the beginning of the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# while they were there "while Mary and Joseph were in Bethlehem" -## the time came ## +# the time came for her to deliver her baby -"it was time" +"it was time to give birth to her baby" -## to deliver her baby ## +# wrapped him in long strips of cloth -"to give birth to her baby." Use a common expression that will not embarrass people. +In some cultures mothers comfort their babies by wrapping them tightly in cloth or a blanket. AT: "wrapped cloths firmly around him" or "wrapped him tightly in a blanket" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## wrapped him snugly in strips of cloth ## +# laid him in a manger -This could be translated as "wrapped him comfortably in a blanket" or "wrapped a blanket firmly around him." This act was an expression of love and concern for the newborn baby. +This was some kind of box or frame that people put hay or other food in for animals to eat. It was most likely clean and may have had something soft and dry like hay in it as a cushion for the baby. Animals were often kept near the home to keep them secure and to feed them easily. Mary and Joseph stayed in a room that was used for animals. -## an animal feeding trough ## +# there was no room for them in the inn -This was some kind of box or frame that people put hay or other food in for animals to eat. It was most likely clean and may have had something soft and dry like hay in it as a cushion for the baby. Animals were often kept near the home to keep them secure and to feed them easily. Apparently Mary and Joseph stayed in a room that was used for animals. - -## guest room ## - -This is a separate area for guests or travelers. - -## there was no room for them in a guest room ## - -"there was no space in the guest room for them to stay." This was probably because so many people went to Bethlehem to register. - -## because there was no room ## - -If it is not clear why Mary put her son in a feeding trough, you could explicitly state the implied information that they had to stay in a place for animals, and you could change the order of the information in verse 7. "There was no room for them in a guest room, so they stayed in a place for animals. When she gave birth to a son, her firstborn child, she wrapped him snugly in strips of cloth. Then she put him in an animal feeding trough." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"there was no space for them to stay in the guest room." This was probably because so many people went to Bethlehem to register. Luke adds this as background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/08.md b/luk/02/08.md index 8b49f4ae63..7d85137c9f 100644 --- a/luk/02/08.md +++ b/luk/02/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,11 @@ -## in that same region ## +# An angel of the Lord -"in that area" or "near Bethlehem" +"An angel from the Lord" or "An angel who served the Lord" -## keeping watch over ## +# appeared to them -"taking care of" or "guarding in order to keep them safe" +"came to the shepherds" -## flocks of sheep ## +# the glory of the Lord -"groups of sheep." - -## at night ## - -This could be translated as "after the sun had set and it was dark." - -## an angel of the Lord ## - -This could be translated as "an angel from the Lord" or "an angel who serves the Lord" or "an angel who was sent by the Lord." - -## the glory of the Lord ## - -This means the bright light that is all around the Lord was also around the angel. - -## appeared to them ## - -"came to them." \ No newline at end of file +The source of the bright light was the glory of the Lord, which appeared at the same time as the angel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/10.md b/luk/02/10.md index b56be3066f..a9ce5c29f8 100644 --- a/luk/02/10.md +++ b/luk/02/10.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## Do not be afraid ## +# Do not be afraid "Stop being afraid" -## because I am about to announce to you good news ## +# that will bring great joy to all the people -"for I bring good news to you" or "I will tell you some good news" +"that will make all the people very happy" -## that will bring great joy to all the people ## - -This could be translated as "that will make all the people very happy." - -## all the people ## +# all the people Some understand this to refer to the Jewish people. Others understand it to refer to all people. -## the city of David ## +# the city of David -This could be translated as "in Bethlehem, the city of David." +This refers to Bethlehem. -## This is the sign that will be given to you ## +# This is the sign that will be given to you -This could be translated as "God will give you this sign" or "You will see this sign from God." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will give you this sign" or "You will see this sign from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## sign ## +# the sign -This could either be a sign to prove that what the angel was saying was true, or it could be a sign that would help the shepherds recognize the baby. It could be translated as “proof” for the first understanding or “distinguishing mark” for the second. +"the proof." This could either be a sign to prove that what the angel was saying was true, or it could be a sign that would help the shepherds recognize the baby. -## wrapped in strips of cloth ## +# wrapped in strips of cloth -This could be translated as "who was wrapped comfortably in a blanket." \ No newline at end of file +This was the normal way that mothers protected and cared for their babies in that culture. See how you translated this in [Luke 2:7](./06.md). AT: "wrapped firmly in a warm blanket" or "wrapped comfortably in a blanket" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lying in a manger + +This was some kind of box or frame that people put hay or other food in for animals to eat. See how you translated this in [Luke 2:7](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/13.md b/luk/02/13.md index 56f27c23c6..45f899baee 100644 --- a/luk/02/13.md +++ b/luk/02/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## a large number of the heavenly army ## +# a great, heavenly army -The word "army" here could refer to a literal army, or it could be a metaphor for an organized group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "heavenly army" here could refer to a literal army of angels, or it could be a metaphor for an organized group of angels. AT: "a large group of angels from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## praising God ## +# praising God -This could be translated as "They were praising God." +"giving praise to God" -## Glory to God in the highest ## +# Glory to God in the highest Possible meanings are 1) "Give honor to God in the highest place" or 2) "Give the highest honor to God." -## may there be peace on earth among people with whom he is pleased ## +# may there be peace on earth among people with whom he is pleased "may those people on earth with whom God is pleased have peace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/15.md b/luk/02/15.md index 278ee0b8ef..523729fd0f 100644 --- a/luk/02/15.md +++ b/luk/02/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## from them ## +# It came about + +This phrase is used to mark a shift in the story to what the shepherds did after the angels left. + +# from them "from the shepherds" -## to each other ## +# to each other "to one another" -## Let us… to us ## +# Let us ... to us -Since the shepherds were speaking to one another, languages that have inclusive forms for "we" and "us" should use the inclusive form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Since the shepherds were speaking to one another, languages that have inclusive forms for "we" and "us" should use the inclusive form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Let us + +"We should" + +# this thing that has happened + +This refers to the birth of the baby, and not to the appearance of the angels. + +# lying in the manger + +This was some kind of box or frame that people put hay or other food in for animals to eat. See how you translated this in [Luke 2:7](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/17.md b/luk/02/17.md index 5bf69dc7f7..67018b0e28 100644 --- a/luk/02/17.md +++ b/luk/02/17.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## they made known to people ## +# what had been said to them -"the shepherds told people" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what the angels had told the shepherds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## what had been said to them ## - -This could be translated as "what the angels had told the shepherds." - -## this child ## +# this child "the baby" -## what was spoken to them by the shepherds ## +# what was spoken to them by the shepherds -"what the shepherds told them" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what the shepherds told them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## treasuring them in her heart ## +# treasuring them in her heart -This could be translated as "carefully remembering them" or "joyfully remembering them." A treasure is something that is very valuable or precious. Mary considered the things she was told about her son to be very precious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +A treasure is something that is very valuable or precious. Mary considered the things she was told about her son to be very precious. AT: "carefully remembering them" or "joyfully remembering them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## returned ## +# returned -This could be translated as "went back to the sheep fields." +"went back to the sheep" -## glorifying...God ## +# glorifying and praising God -This could be translated as "talking about God's greatness." \ No newline at end of file +These are very similar and emphasize how excited they were about what God had done. AT: "talking about and praising God's greatness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/21.md b/luk/02/21.md index 63c72f1b1d..dc35bcf587 100644 --- a/luk/02/21.md +++ b/luk/02/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## the name he had been given by the angel ## +# General Information: -This could be translated as "the name the angel had called him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The laws God gave the Jewish believers told them when to circumcise a boy baby and what sacrifice the parents had to bring. + +# When it was the end of the eighth day + +This phrase shows the passing of time before this new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# the end of the eighth day + +"it was eight days after his birth" or "he was eight days old" + +# he was named + +Joseph and Mary gave him his name. + +# the name he had been given by the angel + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the name the angel had called him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/22.md b/luk/02/22.md index 9dac3ac10e..4555765208 100644 --- a/luk/02/22.md +++ b/luk/02/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## the required number of days ## +# When the required number ... had passed -This could be translated as "the number of days that God required." +This shows the passing of time before this new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## for their purification ## +# the required number of days -"for them to become ceremonially clean" or "for God to consider them to be clean again" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the number of days that God required" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to present him to the Lord ## +# for their purification + +"for them to become ceremonially clean." You can also state God's role. AT: "for God to consider them to be clean again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to present him to the Lord "to bring him to the Lord" or "to bring him into the Lord's presence." This was a ceremony acknowledging God's claim on the firstborn children who were male. -## As it is written ## +# As it is written -This could be translated as "They did this because Moses wrote" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "As Moses wrote" or "They did this because Moses wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## male that opens the womb ## +# Every male who opens the womb -This is an idiom for "firstborn offspring that is a male." The law was about the firstborn offspring of both people and domestic animals, but in this context it could be translated as "firstborn son." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"open the womb" is an idiom that refers to the first baby coming out of the womb. This referred to both animals and people. AT: "Every firstborn offspring who is a male" or "Every firstborn son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# what was said in the law of the Lord + +"that which the law of the Lord also says." This is a different place in the law. It refers to all males, whether firstborn or not. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/25.md b/luk/02/25.md index 60538044d7..2c4347b8fa 100644 --- a/luk/02/25.md +++ b/luk/02/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## devout ## +# Connecting Statement: -"devoted to God" or "faithful to God" +When Mary and Joseph are at the temple, they meet two people: Simeon, who praises God and gives a prophecy about the child, and the prophetess Anna. -## Comforter of Israel ## +# Behold -This could be translated as "the one who would comfort Israel." It is another name for the "Messiah" or "Christ." +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## the Holy Spirit was upon him ## +# was righteous and devout -"the Holy Spirit was with him." God was with him in a special way, and gave him wisdom and direction in his life. +These abstract terms can be expressed as actions. AT: "did what was right and feared God" or "obeyed God's laws and feared God" -## it had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit ## +# consolation of Israel -This could be translated as "The Holy Spirit had shown him" or "The Holy Spirit had told him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is pointing to the many comforts to Israel when Messiah comes. AT: "the one who would comfort Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he would not die before he had seen the Lord's Christ ## +# the Holy Spirit was upon him -This could be translated as "he would see the Lord's Christ before dying" or "he would see the Lord's Christ and die only after that." The word "Lord" here refers to God. \ No newline at end of file +"the Holy Spirit was with him." God was with him in a special way and gave him wisdom and direction in his life. + +# It had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Holy Spirit had shown him" or "The Holy Spirit had told him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he would not see death before he had seen the Lord's Christ + +"he would see the Lord's Messiah before he died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/27.md b/luk/02/27.md index 161c05e63d..8b4e70e2ca 100644 --- a/luk/02/27.md +++ b/luk/02/27.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## came ## +# Led by the Spirit -This could be translated as "went." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "As the Holy Spirit directed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## led by the Holy Spirit ## +# came -"directed by God." AT: "the Holy Spirit directed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Some languages may say "went." -## the parents ## +# into the temple + +"into the temple courtyard." Only priests could enter the temple building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the parents "Jesus' parents" -## the custom of the law required ## +# the custom of the law -"the law of God required" +"the custom of the law of God" -## received him ## +# he took him into his arms -"took him" +"Simeon took the infant Jesus into his arms" or "Simeon held Jesus in his arms" -## Now let your servant depart in peace ## +# Now let your servant depart in peace -This could be translated as "I am your servant. Let me depart in peace." Simeon was referring to himself. +"I am your servant; let me depart in peace." Simeon was referring to himself. -## depart ## +# depart -This is a euphemism meaning "die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a euphemism meaning "die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## according to your word ## +# according to your word -This could be translated as "as you have said" or "because you said you would." \ No newline at end of file +"as you have said" or "because you said I would" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/30.md b/luk/02/30.md index 38e4080a24..35a99f4bee 100644 --- a/luk/02/30.md +++ b/luk/02/30.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -Simeon continues speaking. +# my eyes have seen -## your salvation ## +This expression means, "I have personally seen" or "I, myself, have seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -This refers to Jesus, the one through whom God would save people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# your salvation -## have prepared ## +This expression refers to the person who would bring salvation—the infant Jesus—whom Simeon was holding. AT: "the savior whom you sent" or "the one whom you sent to save" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# which you + +Depending on how you translate the previous phrase, this may need to be changed to "whom you." + +# have prepared "have planned" or "caused to happen" -## in the sight of all peoples ## +# A light -"for all people groups to see" +This metaphor means that the child will help people to see and understand the same way light helps people see accurately. AT: "this child will enable people to understand as light allows people to see accurately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He will be ## +# for revelation -This refers to the one who will provide salvation. +It may be necessary to state what is to be revealed. AT: "that will reveal God's truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## light for revealing truth ## +# glory to your people Israel -This could be translated as "this child will enable people to perceive accurately the truth of God, as light allows people to see accurately." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## will be the glory of your people Israel ## - -This could be translated as "he will be the reason that glory will come to your people Israel." \ No newline at end of file +"he will be the reason that glory will come to your people Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/33.md b/luk/02/33.md index 21c372ef97..8fe0a8d730 100644 --- a/luk/02/33.md +++ b/luk/02/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## destined for the falling and rising of many people in Israel ## +# the things which were spoken concerning him -This could be translated as "destined to cause many people in Israel to fall away from God or to rise closer to God." In this metaphor the ideas of turning away from God and drawing closer to God are expressed as "rising" and "falling". This could be translated as "God has planned for him to cause some people in Israel to turn away from God and for other people in Israel to go closer to God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things that Simeon said about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## a sword will pierce your own soul ## +# said to Mary his mother -This a metaphor describing the deep sadness that Mary will feel. It could be translated as "You will grieve deeply" or "Your sadness will be painful like a sword piercing your heart" or "Your heart will break." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"said to the child's mother, Mary." Make sure it does not sound like Mary is the mother of Simeon. -## the thoughts from many hearts may be revealed ## +# Behold -This could be translated as "the thoughts of many people will be revealed" or "it will be made known what many people truly think about God." \ No newline at end of file +Simeon used this expression to tell Mary that what he is about to say is extremely important to her. + +# this child is appointed for the downfall and rising up of many people in Israel + +The words "downfall" and "rising up" express turning away from God and drawing closer to God. AT: "this child will cause many people in Israel to fall away from God or to rise closer to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for a sign that is rejected + +"for a message from God that many people will resist" + +# a sword will pierce your own soul + +This metaphor describes the deep sadness that Mary would feel. AT: "Your sadness will be painful as though a sword pierced your heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed + +"hearts" refer to people. AT: "the thoughts of many people will be revealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/36.md b/luk/02/36.md index 42147366bc..b2f710385a 100644 --- a/luk/02/36.md +++ b/luk/02/36.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## Anna ## +# A prophetess named Anna was there -This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This introduces a new participant into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## Phanuel ## +# Phanuel -This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Phanuel" is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## years ## +# seven years -See [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]]. +"7 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## after her marriage ## +# after her virginity "after she married him" -## a widow for eighty-four years ## +# a widow for eighty-four years -four years** - Possible meanings are 1) she had been a widow for 84 years or 2) she was a widow and was now 84 years old. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Possible meanings are 1) she had been a widow for 84 years or 2) she was a widow and was now 84 years old. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## never left the temple ## +# never left the temple -This is probably an exaggeration meaning that she spent so much time in the temple that it seemed as though she never left it. It could be translated as "was always at the temple" or it could state the meaning without the hyperbole: "was often at the temple." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is probably an exaggeration meaning that she spent so much time in the temple that it seemed as though she never left it. AT: "was always at the temple" or "was often at the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## with fastings and prayers ## +# with fastings and prayers -"by abstaining from food and by praying" +"by abstaining from food on many occasions and by offering many prayers" -## came up to them ## +# came near to them "approached them" or "went to Mary and Joseph" -## the redemption of Jerusalem ## +# the redemption of Jerusalem -This could be translated as "the one who would redeem Jerusalem" or "the person who would bring God's blessings and favor back to Jerusalem." Here the word "redemption" is used to refer to the the person who would do it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "redemption" is used to refer to the person who would do it. AT: "the one who would redeem Jerusalem" or "the person who would bring God's blessings and favor back to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/39.md b/luk/02/39.md index 708b6cc215..e2145a55bc 100644 --- a/luk/02/39.md +++ b/luk/02/39.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## that they were required to do according to the law of the Lord ## +# Connecting Statement: -Possible meanings are 1) "that the law of the Lord required them to do" or 2) "that the law which the Lord commanded required them to do." +Mary, Joseph, and Jesus leave the town of Bethlehem and return to the city of Nazareth for his childhood. -## increasing in wisdom ## +# they were required to do according to the law of the Lord -"became more wise" or "learned what was wise" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the law of the Lord required them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the grace of God was upon him ## +# their own town of Nazareth -This could be translated as "God blessed him" or "God was with him in a special way." \ No newline at end of file +This phrase means they lived in Nazareth. Make sure it does not sound like they owned the town. AT: "the town of Nazareth, where they lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# increasing in wisdom + +"becoming more wise" or "learning what was wise" + +# the grace of God was upon him + +"God blessed him" or "God was with him in a special way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/41.md b/luk/02/41.md index f7356fcbbe..98fb9cbb71 100644 --- a/luk/02/41.md +++ b/luk/02/41.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## his parents ## +# Connecting Statement: + +When Jesus is 12 years old, he goes to Jerusalem with his family. While he is there, he asks and answers questions of the temple teachers. + +# His parents went ... Festival of the Passover + +This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# His parents "Jesus' parents" -## they went up ## +# they again went up -Jerusalem was on a hill, so people had to go up to it. +Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem. -## after they had stayed the full number of days for the feast ## +# at the customary time -"when all the days of celebrating the feast were over" or "after celebrating the feast for the required number of days" +"at the normal time" or "as they did every year" -## they assumed ## +# After they had stayed the full number of days for the feast -"they thought" +"When the entire time for celebrating the feast was over" or "After celebrating the feast for the required number of days" -## the traveled a day's journey ## +# the feast + +This was another name for the Festival of the Passover, since it involved eating a ceremonial meal. + +# They assumed + +"They thought" + +# they traveled a day's journey "they traveled one day" or "they went as far as people walk in one day" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/45.md b/luk/02/45.md index cc6bff2877..15d6572cc7 100644 --- a/luk/02/45.md +++ b/luk/02/45.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## When they did not find him ## - -"When Mary and Joseph did not find Jesus" - -## It came about that ## +# It came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## in the temple ## +# in the temple -This could be translated as "in the temple courtyard" or "at the temple." +This refers to the courtyard around the temple. Only the priests were allowed in the temple. AT: "in the temple courtyard" or "at the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## in the middle of ## +# in the middle of -This does not mean the exact center. Rather, it means "among" or "together with" or "in the midst of" (UDB). +This does not mean the exact center. Rather, it means "among" or "together with" or "surrounded by." -## the teachers ## +# the teachers "the religious teachers" or "those who taught people about God" -## at his understanding ## +# All who heard him were amazed -This could be translated as "at how much he understood" or "that he understood so much about God." +They could not understand how a twelve year old boy with no religious education could answer so well. -## his answers ## +# at his understanding -This could also be translated as "at how well he answered them" or "that he answered their questions so well." \ No newline at end of file +"at how much he understood" or "that he understood so much about God" + +# his answers + +"at how well he answered them" or "that he answered their questions so well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/48.md b/luk/02/48.md index 6a345718c2..dfb3c062c4 100644 --- a/luk/02/48.md +++ b/luk/02/48.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## When they saw him ## +# When they saw him "When Mary and Joseph found Jesus" -## Why have you treated us this way? ## +# why have you treated us this way? -This could be translated as "How could you do this?" This was somewhat of an indirect rebuke because he had not gone with them on the way back home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This was an indirect rebuke because he had not gone with them on the way back home. This caused them to worry about him. AT: "you should not have done this to us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why were you searching for me? ## +# Listen -This could be translated as "Why did you two keep looking for me in other places?" +This word is often used to show the beginning of a new or important event. It also can be used to show where the action begins. If your language has a phrase that is used in this way, consider whether it would be natural to use it here. -## Behold ## +# Why were you searching for me? -This phrase is often used to show the beginning of a new or important event. It also can be used to show where the action begins. If your language has a phrase that is used in this way, consider whether it would be natural to use it here. +Jesus uses two questions to mildly rebuke his parents, and to begin to tell them that he had a purpose from his heavenly Father that they did not understand. AT: "You did not need to be concerned about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Did you not know…? ## +# Did you not know ... house? -This starts a rhetorical question. Jesus was not trying to find out if they knew or not. Rather he was telling them something. It could be translated as “You should have known.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus uses this second question to try to say that his parents should have known about the purpose for which his Father sent him. AT: "You should have known ... house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## at my Father's house ## +# my Father -Possible meanings are 1) "at my Father's house" or 2) "about my Father's business." In either case, when Jesus said "my Father" he was referring to God. If he meant "house," then he was referring to the temple. If he meant "business," he was referring to the work God had given him to do. But since the next verse says that his parents did not understand what he was telling them, it would be best not to explain it more. \ No newline at end of file +At age 12, Jesus, the Son of God, understood that God was his real Father (not Joseph, Mary's husband). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# in my Father's house + +Possible meanings are 1) "in my Father's house" or 2) "about my Father's business." In either case, when Jesus said "my Father" he was referring to God. If he meant "house," then he was referring to the temple. If he meant "business," he was referring to the work God had given him to do. But since the next verse says that his parents did not understand what he was telling them, it would be best not to explain it more. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/51.md b/luk/02/51.md index c84759271e..3758c0f590 100644 --- a/luk/02/51.md +++ b/luk/02/51.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## he went back home with them ## +# he went back home with them "Jesus went back home with Mary and Joseph" -## was obedient to them ## +# was obedient to them "obeyed them" or "was always obeying them" -## treasured all these things in her heart ## +# treasured all these things in her heart -"carefully remembered all these things" or "joyfully thought about all these things." A treasure is something that is very valuable or precious. Mary considered the things her son did and said to be very precious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The things that Mary heard are spoken of as if they were treasures that she carefully saved and valued. AT: "carefully remembered all these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## grow in wisdom and stature ## +# in her heart -"become more wise and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This expression refers to her deepest, most personal thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## increased in favor with God and people ## +# grow in wisdom and stature -This could be translated as "people liked him more and more, and God blessed him more and more." \ No newline at end of file +"become wiser and stronger." These refer to mental and physical growth. + +# increased in favor with God and people + +This refers to spiritual and social growth. These could be stated separately. AT: "God blessed him more and more, and people liked him more and more." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/02/intro.md b/luk/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b9a9584d6f --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Luke 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart long prayers, songs or prophesies. For this reason, the ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:14, 29-32. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "There was no room for them" ##### +Luke's account of the birth of Christ does not contain as many details as the other gospels. Luke must not have thought these details were significant, possibly because of the birth narratives in other gospels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/01.md b/luk/03/01.md index 1a8f963602..952238ed06 100644 --- a/luk/03/01.md +++ b/luk/03/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Now ## +# Connecting Statement: -This marks a new section of the story. +As the prophet Isaiah had foretold, John begins to preach good news to the people. -## fifteenth year ## +# General Information: -See [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]]. +These verses give background information to tell what is happening when Jesus' cousin John begins his ministry. -## Philip...Lysanias ## +# In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar + +"when Tiberius Caesar had ruled for fifteen years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Philip ... Lysanias These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Ituraea and Trachonitis...Abilene ## +# Ituraea and Trachonitis ... Abilene These are names of territories. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## during the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas ## +# during the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas -They were serving together as high priests. \ No newline at end of file +"while Annas and Caiaphas were serving together as the high priest." Annas was the high priest, and the Jews continued to recognize him as such even after the Romans appointed his son-in-law, Caiaphas, to replace him as high priest. + +# the word of God came + +This idiom is used to explain that a God gave a message to someone. AT: "God spoke his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/03.md b/luk/03/03.md index 3d74e8f631..a647328002 100644 --- a/luk/03/03.md +++ b/luk/03/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## He traveled ## +# preaching a baptism of repentance -"John traveled" +The terms "baptism" and "repentance" could be stated as actions. AT: "and he preached that people should be baptized to show that they were repenting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## preaching a baptism of repentance ## +# for the forgiveness of sins -This could be translated as "preached that people should be baptized to show that they were repenting of their sins." - -## for the forgiveness of sins ## - -"so that their sins would be forgiven" or "so that God would forgive their sins." The repentance was for the forgiveness of sins. \ No newline at end of file +They would repent so that God would forgive their sins. The term "forgiveness" can be stated as an action. AT: "so that their sins would be forgiven" or "so that God would forgive their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/04.md b/luk/03/04.md index 734c5e9688..3b6a4fce5c 100644 --- a/luk/03/04.md +++ b/luk/03/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## As it is written … prophet ## +# General Information: -This could be translated as "This happened as Isaiah the prophet had written in his book" or "John fulfilled the words that the prophet Isaiah had written in his book." Verses 4-6 are a quotation from Isaiah [Isaiah 40:3](../../isa/40/03.md). +The author, Luke, quotes a passage from Isaiah the prophet concerning John the Baptist. -## Make ready….make his paths straight ## +# As it is written ... prophet -This section is in the style of Hebrew poetry, which often repeats important phrases in similar words. "Make ready the way of the Lord" is therefore another way to say "Make his paths straight." The main difference is the first indicates it happens once, while the second should continue to be done. +Verses 4-6 are a quotation from Isaiah. They can be stated in active form. AT: "This happened as Isaiah the prophet had written in his book" or "John fulfilled the words that the prophet Isaiah had written in his book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Make ready the way of the Lord ## +# A voice of one calling out in the wilderness -This metaphor of a road means "Repent and be ready for when the Lord comes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This can be expressed as a sentence. AT: "The voice of one calling out in the wilderness is heard" or "They hear the sound of someone calling out in the wilderness" -## the way ## +# Make ready the way of the Lord ... make his paths straight -"the path" or "the road" +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Make his paths straight ## +# Make ready the way of the Lord -This image of a path is also a metaphor that means "Be continually ready for the Lord to come." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Get the road ready for the Lord." Doing this represents being prepared to hear the Lord's message when he comes. People do this by repenting of their sins. AT: "Prepare to hear the Lord's message when he comes" or "Repent and be ready for the Lord to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the way + +"the path" or "the road" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/05.md b/luk/03/05.md index a532fc5013..ef786f4465 100644 --- a/luk/03/05.md +++ b/luk/03/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -The quote from Isaiah's prophecy continues. +# Every valley will be filled ... every mountain and hill will be made low -## Every valley will be filled ## +When people prepare the road for an important person who is coming, they cut down the high places and fill in the low places so that the road will be level. This is part of the metaphor started in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This could also be translated as "They will fill in every low place in the road." When people prepare the road for an important person who is coming, they fill in the low places with dirt so that the road will be level. This is part of the metaphor started in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Every valley will be filled -## Every mountain and hill will be made level ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They will fill in every low place in the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This could also be translated as "They will level every mountain and hill" or "They will remove every high place in the the road." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# every mountain and hill will be made low -## see the salvation of God ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will level every mountain and hill" or "they will remove every high place in the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This could be translated as "learn about how God saves people from sin." \ No newline at end of file +# see the salvation of God + +This can be stated as an action. AT: "learn how God saves people from sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/07.md b/luk/03/07.md index 7e881c0f6c..a78d2fd8f9 100644 --- a/luk/03/07.md +++ b/luk/03/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## to be baptized by him ## +# to be baptized by him -"for John to baptize them" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for John to baptize them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## You offspring of poisonous snakes ## +# You offspring of vipers -This is a metaphor. Poisonous snakes are dangerous and represent evil. This could be translated as "You evil poisonous snakes!" or "You are evil like poisonous snakes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a metaphor. Here "offspring" means "having the characteristic of." Vipers are poisonous snakes that are dangerous and represent evil. AT: "You evil poisonous snakes!" or "You are evil like poisonous snakes! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who warned you ## +# Who warned you ... coming? -This phrase begins a rhetorical question. John was rebuking the people because they were asking him to baptize them so that God would not punish them, but they did not want to stop sinning. The whole rhetorical question could be translated as "You can't flee from God's wrath like this" or "Do you think that you can flee from God's wrath just by being baptized?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +He was not really expecting them to answer. John was rebuking the people because they were asking him to baptize them so that God would not punish them, but they did not want to stop sinning. AT: "You cannot flee from God's wrath like this!" or "You cannot escape from God's wrath just by being baptized!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## from the wrath that is coming ## +# from the wrath that is coming -This could be translated as "from the punishment that is coming" or "from God's wrath that he is about to act on" or "because God is about to punish you." The word "wrath" is being used to refer to God's punishment because his wrath precedes it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "wrath" is used here to refer to God's punishment because his wrath precedes it. AT: "from the punishment that God is sending" or "from God's wrath on which he is about to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/08.md b/luk/03/08.md index a6f8595262..e508783bdf 100644 --- a/luk/03/08.md +++ b/luk/03/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -John continues speaking to the crowds. +# produce fruits that are worthy of repentance -## produce fruits that come from repentance ## +In this metaphor, a person's behavior is compared to fruit. Just as a plant is expected to produce fruit that is appropriate for that kind of plant, a person who says that he has repented is expected to live righteously. AT: "produce the kind of fruit that shows that you have repented" or "do the good things that show that you have turned away from your sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This could also be translated as "Produce the kind of fruit that shows that you have repented" or "Do the good things that show that you have turned away from your sin." In this metaphor a person's behavior is compared to fruit. Just as a plant is expected to produce fruit that is appropriate for that kind of plant, a person who says that he has repented from his sin is expected to live righteously. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# to say within yourselves -## saying within yourselves ## +"saying to yourselves" or "thinking" -"saying to yourselves" or "saying in your heart" or "thinking" +# We have Abraham for our father -## We have Abraham for our father ## +"Abraham is our ancestor" or "We are Abraham's descendants." If it is unclear why they would say this, you may also add the implied information: "so God will not punish us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"Abraham is our ancestor" or "We are Abraham's descendants." If it is unclear why they would say this, you may also add the implied information "So God won't punish us." \ No newline at end of file +# raise up children for Abraham + +This idiom means "create children for Abraham" or "cause people to become descendants of Abraham." + +# from these stones + +John was probably referring to the actual stones along the Jordan River. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/09.md b/luk/03/09.md index 46d525aedf..9badb4ec53 100644 --- a/luk/03/09.md +++ b/luk/03/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -John continues speaking to the crowd. +# now the ax is set against the root of the trees -## the ax has been placed against the root of the trees ## +The ax that is in position so it can cut the roots of a tree is a metaphor for the punishment that is about to begin. It can be stated in active form. AT: "God is like the man who has placed his ax against the root of the trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This metaphor means that the punishment is about to start. This could be translated as "It is as if the ax has already been placed against the root of the trees" or "God is like a man who has placed his ax against the root of the trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# every tree that does not produce good fruit is chopped down -## every tree that does not produce good fruit is chopped down ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he chops down every tree that does not produce good fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This is a passive clause. It can be translated with an active clause "He chops down every tree that does not produce good fruit." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# thrown into the fire -## thrown into the fire ## - -This can be translated with an active clause "throws it into the fire." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"fire" is also a metaphor for punishment. This can be stated in active form. AT: "throws it into the fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/10.md b/luk/03/10.md index be7b7223b1..91470f528c 100644 --- a/luk/03/10.md +++ b/luk/03/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## asked him, saying ## +# Connecting Statement: -"asked him and said" or "asked John" +John begins to respond to questions that people in the crowd ask him. -## answered and said to them ## +# asking him, saying + +"asking him and said" or "asking John" + +# answered and said to them "answered them, saying" or "answered them" or "said" -## do likewise ## +# do the same -"do the same thing." It can be translated here as "give food to someone who does not have any." \ No newline at end of file +"share extra food just as you shared the extra tunic." This refers back to giving food to those in need. AT: "give food to someone who does not have any" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/12.md b/luk/03/12.md index 7fd571ff9a..cf2552acc4 100644 --- a/luk/03/12.md +++ b/luk/03/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## to be baptized ## +# to be baptized -"for John to baptize them" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for John to baptize them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Do not collect more money ## +# Do not collect more money -"Do not ask for more money" or "Stop collecting more money." The tax collectors were collecting more money than they should have been. They should stop doing that as proof of their repentance. +"Do not ask for more money" or "Do not demand more money." The tax collectors were collecting more money than they should have been. They should stop doing that. -## than you are supposed to ## +# than you have been ordered to collect -"than you have been given authority to take" \ No newline at end of file +This is passive to show that the tax collector's authority comes from Rome. AT: "than what the Romans have authorized you to take" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/14.md b/luk/03/14.md index 5ed8894844..55a953e37e 100644 --- a/luk/03/14.md +++ b/luk/03/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## soldiers ## +# What about us? What must we do? -"men serving in the army" +"How about us soldiers, what must we do?" John is not included in the words "us" and "we." The soldiers have implied that John had told the crowd and the tax collector what they must do and want to know what they as soldiers are to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## What about us? What must we do? ## +# do not accuse anyone falsely -This could be translated as "You told the crowd and the tax collector what they must do. How about us soldiers, what must we do?" John is not included in the words "us" and "we." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +It seems that the soldiers were making false charges against people in order to get money. This can be stated clearly. AT: "in the same way, do not accuse anyone falsely in order to get money from them" or "do not say that an innocent person has done something illegal" -## do not accuse anyone falsely ## +# Be content with your wages -This could be translated as "In the same way, do not accuse anyone falsely in order to get money from them" or "Do not say that an innocent person has done something illegal." The soldiers were making false charges against people in order to get money. - -## Be content with your wages ## - -"Be satisfied with your pay" or "Be satisfied with what you are paid" \ No newline at end of file +"Be satisfied with your pay" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/15.md b/luk/03/15.md index db8541d664..9fc9da81fb 100644 --- a/luk/03/15.md +++ b/luk/03/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## as the people ## +# as the people -This refers to the same people who came to John. This could be translated as "because the people." +"because the people." This refers to the same people who came to John. -## I baptize you with water ## +# wondering in their hearts + +This expression here means "thinking about them silently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# John answered by saying to them all + +John's answer about a greater person coming clearly implies that John is not the Christ. It may be helpful to state this clearly for your audience. AT: "John clarified that he was not the Christ by saying to them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I baptize you with water "I baptize using water" or "I baptize by means of water" -## not worthy even to untie the strap of his sandals ## +# not worthy even to untie the strap of his sandals -This could be translated as "not important enough even to loosen the straps of his sandals." Untying the straps of sandals was a duty of a slave. John was saying that the one who would come is so great that John was not even worthy enough to be his slave. +"not important enough even to loosen the straps of his sandals." Untying the straps of sandals was a duty of a slave. John was saying that the one who would come is so great that John was not even worthy enough to be his slave. -## sandals ## - -"shoes" or "flip-flops" or "thongs" - -## He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire ## +# He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire This metaphor compares literal baptism that brings a person into contact with water to a spiritual baptism that brings them into contact with the Holy Spirit and with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## fire ## +# fire -Here this refers to God's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "fire" may refer to 1) judgment or 2) purification. It is preferred to leave it as "fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/17.md b/luk/03/17.md index 4c1f0f5643..1010a83e9a 100644 --- a/luk/03/17.md +++ b/luk/03/17.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -John continues teaching about the Christ. +# His winnowing fork is in his hand -## His winnowing fork... ## +"He is holding a winnowing fork because he is ready." John speaks of the Christ coming to judge people as if he were a farmer who is ready to separate wheat grain from chaff. AT: "He is ready to judge people like a farmer who is ready" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This metaphor compares how the Christ will separate the righteous people from the unrighteous people to how a man separates wheat grain from chaff. It can be translated as a simile to make the connection more clear: "The Christ is like a man whose winnowing fork is in his hand."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# winnowing fork -## His winnowing fork is in his hand ## +This is a tool for tossing wheat into the air to separate the wheat grain from the chaff. The heavier grain falls back down and the unwanted chaff is blown away by the wind. It is similar to a pitchfork. -This can be translated as "He is holding a winnowing fork because he is ready." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# to thoroughly clear off his threshing floor -## winnowing fork ## +The threshing floor is the place where wheat was stacked in preparation for threshing. To "clear off" the floor means to finish threshing the grain. AT: "to finish threshing his grain" -This is a tool for tossing wheat up into the air to separate the wheat grain from the chaff. The heavier grain falls back down and the unwanted chaff is blown away by the wind. It is similar to a pitchfork. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# to gather the wheat -## his threshing floor ## +The wheat is the acceptable harvest that is kept and stored. -AT: "his ground" or "the ground where he separates the grain from the chaff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# will burn up the chaff -## to gather the wheat ## - -This could also be translated as "Then he will gather the wheat." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## burn up the chaff ## - -The chaff is not useful for anything, so people burn it up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The chaff is not useful for anything, so people burn it up. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/18.md b/luk/03/18.md index 50847fb10c..17b9dd82ed 100644 --- a/luk/03/18.md +++ b/luk/03/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## with many other exhortations ## +# General Information: -This could be translated as "with many other strong urgings" or "John encouraged the people many times to repent and..." +The story tells what is going to happen to John but has not happened at this time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## rebuked Herod the tetrarch ## +# With many other exhortations -"told Herod the tetrarch that he had sinned." Herod was a tetrarch, not a king. He had only limited rule over the region of Galilee. +"With many other strong urgings" -## for marrying his brother's wife ## +# Herod the tetrarch -"because Herod married his own brother's wife" +Herod was a tetrarch, not a king. He had only limited rule over the region of Galilee. -## he had John locked up in prison ## +# for marrying his brother's wife Herodias -"he told his soldiers to put John in jail" \ No newline at end of file +"because Herod married Herodias, his own brother's wife." This was evil because Herod's brother was still alive. This can be stated clearly. AT: "because he married his brother's wife, Herodias, while his brother was still alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he locked John up in prison + +Because Herod was tetrarch, he probably locked John up by ordering his soldiers to lock John up. AT: "he had his soldiers lock John up in prison" or "he told his soldiers to put John in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/21.md b/luk/03/21.md index 2f89db6a41..4379601e92 100644 --- a/luk/03/21.md +++ b/luk/03/21.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## Now it came about ## +# Connecting Statement: -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +Jesus begins his ministry with his baptism. -## while all the people were being baptized by John ## +# General Information: -The phrase "all the people" refers to the people present with John. This could be translated as "while John was baptizing all the people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The previous verse says that Herod put John in prison. It might be helpful to make it clear that the account starting in verse 21 happened before John was arrested. The UDB does this by starting verse 21 with "But before John was put in prison." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -## Jesus also was baptized by John ## +# Now it came about -This could be translated as "John baptized Jesus, too." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This phrase marks the beginning of a new event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## the heavens opened up ## +# when all the people were baptized + +"while John baptized all the people." The phrase "all the people" refers to the people present with John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Jesus also was baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "John baptized Jesus also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the heavens opened "the sky opened" or "the sky became open." This is more than a simple clearing of clouds, but it's not clear what it means. It possibly means that a hole appeared in the sky. -## the Holy Spirit came down on him ## +# the Holy Spirit in bodily form came down on him like a dove -"the Holy Spirit came down onto Jesus" +"in physical form the Holy Spirit came down like a dove onto Jesus" -## in bodily form like a dove ## +# a voice came from heaven -"in physical form looking like a dove" \ No newline at end of file +Here "a voice came from heaven" represents people on earth hearing God in heaven speaking. It can be made clear that God spoke to Jesus. AT: "a voice from heaven said" or "God spoke to Jesus from heaven, saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/23.md b/luk/03/23.md index eb115cec88..f8c8711521 100644 --- a/luk/03/23.md +++ b/luk/03/23.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Now ## +# General Information: -This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about about Jesus’ age and ancestors. It ends after Luke 3:37. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +Luke lists the ancestors of Jesus through the line of his supposed father, Joseph. -## Jesus himself ## +# When -"this Jesus" or "this person Jesus." +This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jesus' age and ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## thirty years of age ## +# thirty years of age -AT: "30 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]]) +"30 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## He was the son (as was supposed) of Joseph ## +# He was the son (as it was assumed) of Joseph -"He was known as the son of Joseph" or "It was thought that he was the son of Joseph" or "People assumed that he was the son of Joseph" +"It was thought that he was the son of Joseph" or "People assumed that he was the son of Joseph" -## the son of Heli ## +# the son of Heli, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi -Some translators may want to start a new sentence with "Joseph was the son of Heli" or "Joseph's father was Heli." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## the son of Heli, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi… ## - -The phrase "the son" is implied information. The text simply says "of Heli, of Matthat, of Levi…" This list could be translated as "who was the son of Heli, who was the son of Matthat, who was the son of Levi…" or "Joseph was the son of Heli, Heli was the son of Matthat, Matthat was the son of Levi" or "Heli's father was Matthat, Matthat's father was Levi…" Consider how people normally list ancestors in your language. You can use the same wording throughout the whole list. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Consider how people normally list ancestors in your language. You should use the same wording throughout the whole list. Possible formats are 1) "who was the son of Heli, who was the son of Matthat, who was the son of Levi" or 2) "Joseph was the son of Heli, Heli was the son of Matthat, Matthat was the son of Levi" or 3) "Heli's father was Matthat, Matthat's father was Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/25.md b/luk/03/25.md index 0c62928adf..560d5693ab 100644 --- a/luk/03/25.md +++ b/luk/03/25.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos ... Joda -## the son of Matthathias, the son of Amos... ## - -This could be translated as “who was the son of Matthathias, who was the son of Amos...” or “Joseph was the son of Matthathias, Matthathias was the son of Amos...” or “Joseph's father was Mattathias, Matthathias's father was Amos....” Use the same wording as you used in the previous verses. \ No newline at end of file +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/27.md b/luk/03/27.md index abc5c1b628..20ad086e56 100644 --- a/luk/03/27.md +++ b/luk/03/27.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa ... Levi -## the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa... ## +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This could be translated as “who was the son of Joanan, who was the son of Rhesa...” or “Joda was the son of Joanan, Joanan was the son of Rhesa...” or “Joda's father was Joanan, Joanan's father was Rhesa....” Use the same wording as you used in the previous verses. \ No newline at end of file +# the son of Salathiel + +The name Salathiel may be a different spelling of the name Shealtiel (as some versions have it), but identification is difficult. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/30.md b/luk/03/30.md index bcdb3d3f03..7629408613 100644 --- a/luk/03/30.md +++ b/luk/03/30.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# the son of Simeon, the son of Judah ... Nahshon -## the son of Simeon, the son of Judah… ## - -This could be translated as “who was the son of Simeon, who was the son of Judah…” or “Levi was the son of Simeon, Simeon was the son of Judah…” or “Levi's father was Simeon, Simeon's father was Judah….” Use the same wording as you used in the previous verses. \ No newline at end of file +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/33.md b/luk/03/33.md index c2917e3c85..eaf3c3a6a2 100644 --- a/luk/03/33.md +++ b/luk/03/33.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# the son of Amminadab, the son of Admin ... Shelah -## the son of Amminadab, the son of Admin... ## - -This could be translated as “who was the son of Amminadab, who was the son of Admin...” or “Levi was the son of Amminadab, Simeon was the son of Admin...” or “Nashon's father was Amminadab, Amminadab's father was Admin....” Use the same wording as you used in the previous verses. \ No newline at end of file +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/36.md b/luk/03/36.md index 8074c62dc3..7b369ab21a 100644 --- a/luk/03/36.md +++ b/luk/03/36.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad ... Adam -## the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad... ## +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This could be translated as “who was the son of Cainan, who was the son of Arphaxad...” or “Levi was the son of Cainan, Cainan was the son of Arphaxad...” or “Shelah's father was Cainan, Cainan's father was Arphaxad....” Use the same wording as you used in the previous verses. +# Adam, the son of God -## Adam, the son of God ## - -This could be translated as "Adam, created by God" or "Adam, who was from God" or "Adam, the son, we could say, of God." \ No newline at end of file +"Adam, created by God" or "Adam, who was from God" or "Adam, the son, we could say, of God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/intro.md b/luk/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b194b60ea7 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Luke 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:4-6, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Justice ##### +John's instructions to the soldiers and tax collectors in this chapter are not complicated. They are things that should have been obvious to them. He instructed them to live justly. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [Luke 3:12-15](./12.md)) + +##### Genealogy ##### +A genealogy is a list which records a person's ancestors or descendants. Such lists were very important in determining who had the right be king, because the king's authority was usually passed down or inherited from his father. It was also common for other important people to have a recorded genealogy. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +Prophecy often involves the use of metaphors to express its meaning. Spiritual discernment is needed for proper interpretation of the prophecy. The prophecy of Isaiah is an extended metaphor describing the ministry of John the Baptist ([Luke 3:4-6](./04.md)). Translation is difficult. It is suggested that the translator treat each line of the ULB as a separate metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "(Herod) had John locked up in prison" ##### +This event can cause confusion because the author says John was imprisoned and then says he was baptizing Jesus. The author probably uses this phrase in anticipation of Herod's imprisonment of John. This would mean that this statement is still in the future at the time of the narrative. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/01.md b/luk/04/01.md index 984f20d766..8b295216bd 100644 --- a/luk/04/01.md +++ b/luk/04/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Then ## +# Connecting Statement: -This refers to after John baptized Jesus. It could be translated as "Then after Jesus was baptized." +The devil meets Jesus to try to tempt him to sin after Jesus fasts for 40 days. -## was led by the Spirit ## +# Then Jesus -This could be translated in active voice as "the Spirit led him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This refers to after John baptized Jesus. AT: "After Jesus was baptized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## forty days ## +# was led by the Spirit -AT: "40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeday]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Spirit led him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## was tempted there by the devil ## +# for forty days he was tempted -This could be translated as "was tempted by the devil to disobey God." It is not clear if he was tempted throughout the time, or at the end of the time. This can also be translated in active voice as "the devil tempted him there." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Most versions say that the temptation was throughout the forty days. The UDB states "While he was there, the devil kept tempting him" to make this clear. -## he did not eat ## +# forty days -"He" refers to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +"40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# was tempted by the devil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the devil tempted him there to disobey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He ate nothing + +The word "he" refers to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/03.md b/luk/04/03.md index 80a876e65a..37a4093b4c 100644 --- a/luk/04/03.md +++ b/luk/04/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## If you are the Son of God ## +# If you are the Son of God -The devil was probably challenging Jesus to prove that he was the Son of God. +The devil challenges Jesus to do this miracle in order to prove that he is "the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## this stone ## +# this stone -The devil was either holding a stone in his hand or pointing to a nearby stone. +The devil either holds a stone in his hand or points to a nearby stone. -## It is written ## +# Jesus answered him -AT: "Moses has written in the scriptures." The quotation is from Deuteronomy [Deuteronomy 8:3](../../deu/08/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Jesus' rejection of the devil's challenge is clearly implied in his answer. It may be helpful to state this clearly for your audience, as the UDB does: "Jesus replied, 'No, I will not do that'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Man will not live on bread alone ## +# It is written -This could be translated as "People cannot live on just bread" or "It is not just food that makes a person live." The word "bread" is used to refer to food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) The point is that food is not enough to sustain a person. People need to obey God. Jesus was quoting the scripture to say why he would not turn the stone into bread. \ No newline at end of file +The quotation is from Moses' writings in the Old Testament. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses has written in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Man does not live on bread alone + +The word "bread" refers to food in general. Food as compared to God, by itself, is not enough to sustain a person. Jesus quotes the scripture to say why he would not turn the stone into bread. AT: "People cannot live on just bread" or "It is not just food that makes a person live" or "God says there are more important things than food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/05.md b/luk/04/05.md index 13b7d9a01d..3f8dd29299 100644 --- a/luk/04/05.md +++ b/luk/04/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## a high place ## +# a high place "a high mountain" -## in a moment of time ## +# in an instant of time "in an instant" or "instantly" -## Therefore ## +# they have been given to me -"So" +This can be stated in active form. Possibly meanings are that "them" refers to 1) the authority and splendor of the kingdoms or 2) the kingdoms. AT: "God has given them to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## if you will bow down before me and worship me ## +# if you will bow down ... worship me -This could be translated as "if you will kneel before me" or "if you will bow down to worship me" or "if you will worship me by bowing down to me." +These two phrases are very similar. They can be combined. AT: "if you will bow down in worship to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## all of this will be yours ## +# it will be yours -This could be translated as "I will give all these kingdoms to you." \ No newline at end of file +"I will give you all these kingdoms, with their splendor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/08.md b/luk/04/08.md index db325e7071..2ad1c71fc7 100644 --- a/luk/04/08.md +++ b/luk/04/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## answered and said to him ## +# But Jesus answered ... It is written + +This contrast implies that Jesus refused to do what the devil asked. It may be helpful to state this clearly for your audience. AT: "But Jesus replied, 'No, I will not worship you, because it is written'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# answered and said to him "responded to him" or "replied to him" -## It is written ## +# It is written -AT: "Moses has written in the scriptures." Jesus was quoting Deuteronomy [Deuteronomy 6:13](../../deu/06/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses has written in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## You must worship the Lord your God ## +# You will worship the Lord your God -Jesus was quoting a law from the scriptures to say why he would not worship the devil. +Jesus was quoting a command from the scriptures to say why he would not worship the devil. -## you ## +# You -This refers to the people in the Old Testament who received God's Law. You could use the singular form of 'you' because each person was to obey it, or you could use the plural form of 'you' because all of the people were to obey it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +This refers to the people in the Old Testament who received God's Law. You could use the singular form of 'you' because each person was to obey it, or you could use the plural form of 'you' because all of the people were to obey it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## him ## +# him -This refers to the Lord God. \ No newline at end of file +The word "him" refers to the Lord God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/09.md b/luk/04/09.md index 390a0ad8cb..7fd37e5a88 100644 --- a/luk/04/09.md +++ b/luk/04/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## the very highest point ## +# the very highest point -This was the corner of the temple roof. If someone slipped or jumped from there, they would be seriously injured or die. +This was the corner of the temple roof. If someone fell from there, they would be seriously injured or die. -## If you are the Son of God ## +# If you are the Son of God -The devil was probably challenging Jesus to prove that he was the Son of God. +The devil was challenging Jesus to prove that he was the Son of God. -## throw yourself down ## +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# throw yourself down "jump down to the ground" -## It is written ## +# For it is written -AT: "The Psalmist has written.” The devil partially quoted Psalm [Psalms 91:10](../../psa/091/010.md) in an effort to persuade Jesus to jump off the building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The devil implies that his quote from the Psalms means Jesus will not be hurt if he is the Son of God. This can be stated clearly, as the UDB does: AT: "You will not be hurt, because it is written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## He will command ## +# it is written -"He" refers to God. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the writer has written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He will give orders + +"He" refers to God. The devil partially quoted from the Psalms in an effort to persuade Jesus to jump off the building. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/12.md b/luk/04/12.md index b19ef655ea..6960239438 100644 --- a/luk/04/12.md +++ b/luk/04/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## it is said ## +# It is said -AT: "Moses has said" or "Moses has said in the scriptures." Jesus quotes Deuteronomy [Deuteronomy 6:16](../../deu/06/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Jesus tells the devil why he will not do what the devil told him to do. His refusal to do it can be stated clearly. AT: "No, I will not do that, because it is said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## You must not test the Lord your God ## +# It is said -This can be translated as "Do not test the Lord your God." Jesus quoted this Scripture to say why he would not put God to the test by jumping down from the temple. This command is for God's people. +Jesus quotes from the writings of Moses in Deuteronomy. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses has said" or "Moses has said in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## until another time ## +# Do not put the Lord your God to the test -"until another occasion" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Jesus should not test God by jumping off the temple, or 2) the devil should not test Jesus to see if he is the Son of God. It is best to translate the verse as stated rather than to try to explain the meaning. + +# until another time + +"until another occasion" + +# had finished testing Jesus + +This does not imply that the devil was successful in his temptation—Jesus resisted every attempt. This can be stated clearly. AT: "had finished trying to tempt Jesus" or "stopped trying to tempt Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/14.md b/luk/04/14.md index 2a729074b0..062421a8d7 100644 --- a/luk/04/14.md +++ b/luk/04/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## with the power of the Spirit ## +# Connecting Statement: -This could be translated as "and the Spirit was giving him power." God was with Jesus in a special way, enabling him to do things that humans usually couldn't. +Jesus returns to Galilee, teaches in the synagogue, and tells the people there that he is fulfilling scripture of Isaiah the prophet. -## news about him spread ## +# Then Jesus returned -This could be translated as "people spread the news about Jesus" or "people told other people about Jesus" or "knowledge about him was passed on from person to person." Those who heard Jesus told other people about him, and then those other people told even more people about him. +This begins a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## throughout the entire surrounding region ## +# in the power of the Spirit + +"and the Spirit was giving him power." God was with Jesus in a special way, enabling him to do things that humans usually could not. + +# news about him spread + +Those who heard Jesus told other people about him, and then those other people told even more people about him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people spread the news about Jesus" or "people told other people about Jesus" or "knowledge about him was passed on from person to person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# throughout the entire surrounding region This refers to the areas or places around Galilee. -## everyone praised him ## +# was praised by all "everyone said great things about him" or "all the people spoke about him in a good way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/16.md b/luk/04/16.md index ec4bb6ac75..64c9d70dfc 100644 --- a/luk/04/16.md +++ b/luk/04/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## where he had been brought up ## +# where he had been raised -This could be translated as "where his parents had raised him" or "where he grew up" or "where he lived when he was as a child". +where his parents had raised him" or "where he lived when he was a child" or "where he grew up" -## As was his custom ## +# as was his custom -"As he normally did". It was his usual practice to go to the synagogue on the Sabbath day. +"as he did each Sabbath." It was his usual practice to go to the synagogue on the Sabbath day. -## The scroll of the prophet Isaiah was handed to him ## +# The scroll of the prophet Isaiah was handed to him -This can also be translated with an active clause, as in "Someone gave him the scroll of the prophet Isaiah." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone gave him the scroll of the prophet Isaiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## scroll of the prophet Isaiah ## +# scroll of the prophet Isaiah This refers to the book of Isaiah written on a scroll. Isaiah had written the words many years before, and someone else had copied them onto a scroll. -## the place where it was written ## +# the place where it was written -"the place in the scroll where it said" or "the place in the scroll with these words" \ No newline at end of file +"the place in the scroll with these words." This sentence continues on into the next verse. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/18.md b/luk/04/18.md index fbb6d27c6b..7a7fda98af 100644 --- a/luk/04/18.md +++ b/luk/04/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -2]]) +# The Spirit of the Lord is upon me -## The Spirit of the Lord is upon me ## +"The Holy Spirit is with me in a special way." When someone says this, he is claiming to speak the words of God. -"God is with me in a special way." Someone saying this is claiming to speak the words of God. +# he anointed me -## to proclaim freedom to the captives ## +In the Old Testament, ceremonial oil was poured on a person when they were given power and authority to do a special task. Jesus uses this metaphor to refer to the Holy Spirit being on him to prepare him for this work. AT: "the Holy Spirit is upon me to empower me" or "the Holy Spirit gave me power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This could be translated as "to tell people who are being held captive that they can go free" or "to set free the prisoners of war." +# the poor -## recovery of sight to the blind ## +"the poor people"" -"to proclaim that the blind shall see" or "to give sight to the blind" or "to make the blind be able to see again" +# proclaim freedom to the captives -## to set free those who are oppressed ## +"tell people who are being held captive that they can go free" or "set free the prisoners of war" -"to set free those who are treated harshly" +# recovery of sight to the blind -## to proclaim the favorable year of the Lord ## +"give sight to the blind" or "make the blind be able to see again" -This could be translated as "to announce that this is the year that the Lord will show his kindness" or "to tell everyone that the Lord is ready to bless his people." \ No newline at end of file +# set free those who are oppressed + +"set free those who are treated harshly" + +# to proclaim the year of the Lord's favor + +"tell everyone that the Lord is ready to bless his people" or "announce that this is the year that the Lord will show his kindness" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/20.md b/luk/04/20.md index f7f3dacaec..fb9a3229fb 100644 --- a/luk/04/20.md +++ b/luk/04/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Then he closed the scroll ## +# rolled up the scroll -"Then Jesus rolled up the scroll" +A scroll was closed by rolling it like a tube to protect the writing inside it. -## synagogue attendant ## +# attendant -This refers to a synagogue worker who made sure that the scrolls containing the scriptures were brought out and put away with proper care and reverence. +This refers to a synagogue worker who brought out and put away with proper care and reverence the scrolls containing the scriptures. -## were fixed on him ## +# were fixed on him -"were focused on him" or "were looking at him" +This idiom means "were focused on him" or "were looking intently at him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing ## +# this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing -This could be translated as "What this scripture said would happen has happened now while you listened to it." Jesus was saying that he was fulfilling that prophecy by his actions and speech at that very time. +Jesus was saying that he was fulfilling that prophecy by his actions and speech at that very time. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am fulfilling what this scripture said right now as you are listening to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## amazed at the gracious words coming out of his mouth ## +# in your hearing -"surprised about the gracious things he was saying." Here "gracious" may refer to how well or eloquent Jesus spoke. Or, it may mean that Jesus spoke words about God's grace. +This idiom means "while you are listening to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Isn't this Joseph's son? ## +# amazed at the gracious words which were coming out of his mouth -This could be translated as "Isn't this just Joseph's son?" or "This is just Joseph's son!" or "His father is only Joseph!" People thought that Joseph was Jesus' father. Joseph was not a religious leader, so they were surprised that his son would preach what he did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). \ No newline at end of file +"surprised about the gracious things that he was saying." Here "gracious" may refer to 1) how well or how persuasively Jesus spoke, or 2) that Jesus spoke words about God's grace. + +# Is this not the son of Joseph? + +People thought that Joseph was Jesus' father. Joseph was not a religious leader, so they were surprised that his son would preach what he did. AT: "This is just Joseph's son!" or "His father is only Joseph!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/23.md b/luk/04/23.md index 1e32daab6a..573a3736ed 100644 --- a/luk/04/23.md +++ b/luk/04/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## in your own hometown ## +# General Information: -This was in Nazareth, the town Jesus had grown up in. +Nazareth is the town in which Jesus grew up. -## no prophet is accepted in his own country ## +# Surely -Jesus was rebuking the people for refusing to believe him just because they thought they knew him. +"Certainly" or "Without doubt." This is a strong affirmation. -## own country ## +# Doctor, heal yourself -This could be translated as "own town" or "hometown." \ No newline at end of file +If a doctor does not appear to be healthy, there is no reason to believe he is really a doctor. When the people speak this proverb to Jesus, they will mean they do not believe he is a prophet because he does not look like one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# Whatever we heard ... do the same in your hometown + +The people of Nazareth did not believe Jesus could be a prophet because of his low status as Joseph's son. They will not believe unless they personally see him do miracles. + +# Truly I say to you + +"It is certainly true." This is an emphatic statement about what follows. + +# no prophet is received in his own hometown + +Jesus makes this general statement in order to rebuke the people. He means that they are refusing to believe the reports of his miracles in Capernaum. They thought they already knew all about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# own hometown + +"homeland" or "native city" or "country where he grew up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/25.md b/luk/04/25.md index 6c18a6d25e..2a92a9f47e 100644 --- a/luk/04/25.md +++ b/luk/04/25.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to speak to the people in the synagogue. +# General Information: -## I say to you in truth ## +Jesus reminds the people, who are listening to him in the synagogue, about Elijah and Elisha who were prophets about whom they knew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# But in truth I tell you "I tell you truthfully." This phrase was used to emphasize the importance, truth, and accuracy of the statement that follows. -## widows ## +# widows A widow is a woman whose husband has died. -## during Elijah's time ## +# during the time of Elijah -This could also be translated as "when Elijah was prophesying in Israel." The people Jesus was speaking to would have known that Elijah was one of God's prophets. If your readers would not know that, you can make this implicit information explicit as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The people to whom Jesus was speaking would have known that Elijah was one of God's prophets. If your readers would not know that, you can make this implicit information explicit as in the UDB. AT: "when Elijah was prophesying in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## when the sky was shut up with no rain ## +# when the sky was shut up -This can be translated as "when no rain came down from the sky" or "when there was no rain at all." This is a metaphor. The sky is pictured as a ceiling that was closed up to keep the water above it from coming down as rain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a metaphor. The sky is pictured as a ceiling that was closed, and so no rain would fall from it. AT: "when no rain fell down from the sky" or "when there was no rain at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## when there was a great famine ## +# a great famine -"when there was a serious lack of food" or "when the people did not have enough food." A famine is a long period of time when the crops do not produce enough food for the people. +"a serious lack of food." A famine is a long period of time when the crops do not produce enough food for the people. -## a widow living in Zarephath ## +# to Zarephath ... to a widow living there -The people living in the town of Zarephath were Gentiles, not Jews. This could be translated as "a Gentile widow living in Zarephath." The people listening to Jesus would have understood that the people of Zarephath were Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The people living in the town of Zarephath were Gentiles, not Jews. The people listening to Jesus would have understood that the people of Zarephath were Gentiles. AT: "a Gentile widow living in Zarephath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Naaman the Syrian ## +# Naaman the Syrian -A Syrian is a person from the country of Syria. The people of Syria were Gentiles, not Jews. This could be translated as "the Gentile Naaman from Syria." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +A Syrian is a person from the country of Syria. The people of Syria were Gentiles, not Jews. AT: "the Gentile Naaman from Syria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/28.md b/luk/04/28.md index ceeba619b2..fb6a0b4ec0 100644 --- a/luk/04/28.md +++ b/luk/04/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## forced him out of the city ## +# All the people in the synagogue were filled with rage when they heard these things -This could be translated as "forced him to leave the city." +The people of Nazareth were deeply offended that Jesus had cited scriptures where God had helped Gentiles instead of Jews. -## edge of the hill ## +# forced him out of the town + +"forced him to leave the town" or "shoved him out of the city" + +# cliff of the hill "edge of the cliff" -## right through the midst of them ## +# he passed through the middle of them -This could be translated as "through the middle of them" or "between the people who were trying to kill him." The word "right" here is similar to the word "simply." It indicates that nothing hindered him from walking past the people. +"through the middle of the crowd" or "between the people who were trying to kill him." The word "right" here is similar to the word "simply." It indicates that nothing hindered him from walking past the angry crowd. -## went on his way ## +# he went to another place -"went away." Jesus went where he had planned to go instead of where the people were trying to force him to go. \ No newline at end of file +"he went away" or "he went on his way" Jesus went where he had planned to go instead of where the people were trying to force him to go. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/31.md b/luk/04/31.md index 8d22a5d4d6..45bd9a37e4 100644 --- a/luk/04/31.md +++ b/luk/04/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## he went down ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Jesus went downhill." Capernaum was lower in altitude than Nazareth. +Jesus then goes to Capernaum, teaches the people in the synagogue there, and commands a demon to leave a man. -## Capernaum, a city in Galilee ## +# Then he -Since Jesus was already in Galilee, this could be translated as "Capernaum, another city in Galilee." +"Then Jesus." This indicates a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## astonished ## +# went down to Capernaum -"greatly surprised" or "impressed" +The phrase "came down" is used here because Capernaum is lower in elevation than Nazareth. -## he spoke with authority ## +# Capernaum, a city in Galilee -This could be translated as "his word had authority" or "he spoke as one with authority." \ No newline at end of file +"Capernaum, another city in Galilee" + +# astonished + +"greatly surprised" or "impressed" or "amazed" + +# he spoke with authority + +"he spoke as one with authority" or "his words had great power" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/33.md b/luk/04/33.md index c645cacba7..62e97a9f36 100644 --- a/luk/04/33.md +++ b/luk/04/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## who had the spirit of an unclean demon ## +# Now ... there was a man -"who was possessed by an unclean demon" +This phrase is used to mark the introduction of a new character into the story; in this case, a demon-possessed man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## he cried out with a loud voice ## +# who had the spirit of an unclean demon -"he shouted loudly." Some languages have an idiom for this like the English idiom "he shouted at the top of his lungs." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"who was possessed by an unclean demon" or "who was controlled by an evil spirit" -## What do we have to do with you? ## +# he cried out with a loud voice -This could be translated as "What do we have in common?" or "We have nothing to do with you!" It is a belligerent response that means "You have no right to bother us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"he shouted loudly" + +# What do we have to do with you + +This belligerent response is an idiom that means: "What do we have in common?" or "What right do you have to bother us?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# What do we have to do with you, Jesus of Nazareth? + +This question could be written as a statement. AT: "What do you, Jesus of Nazareth, have to do with us!" or We have nothing to do with you, Jesus of Nazareth!" or "You have no right to bother us, Jesus of Nazareth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/35.md b/luk/04/35.md index a6d26a81cc..024a3d627b 100644 --- a/luk/04/35.md +++ b/luk/04/35.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Jesus rebuked the demon, saying ## +# Jesus rebuked the demon, saying "Jesus scolded the demon, saying" or "Jesus sternly said to the demon" -## come out of him ## +# come out of him -This could be translated as "leave him alone" or "stop bothering him." +He commanded the demon to stop controlling the man. AT: "leave him alone" or "do not live in this man any longer" -## What kind of words are these ## +# What kind of words are these? -This is a rhetorical question. The people were expressing how amazed they were that Jesus had the authority to command demons to leave a person. This could be translated as "These are amazing words" or "His words are amazing!" +The people were expressing how amazed they were that Jesus had the authority to command demons to leave a person. This can be written as a statement. AT: "These are amazing words!" or "His words are amazing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## he commands the unclean spirits with power and authority ## +# He commands the unclean spirits with authority and power -"he has power and authority to command the unclean spirits" +"He has authority and power to command the unclean spirits" -## news about him began to spread ## +# So news about him began to spread ... the surrounding region -"reports about Jesus began to spread" or "people spread the news about Jesus" \ No newline at end of file +This is a comment about what happened after the story that was caused by the events within the story itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) + +# news about him began to spread + +"reports about Jesus began to spread" or "people began to spread the news about Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/38.md b/luk/04/38.md index 10d8b308e1..47b1413faf 100644 --- a/luk/04/38.md +++ b/luk/04/38.md @@ -1,11 +1,39 @@ -## she was suffering with a high fever ## +# Connecting Statement: -In some languages people would say "she was sick and her skin was very hot." +Jesus is still in Capernaum, but he is now at the house of Simon, where he heals Simon's mother-in-law and many people. -## Simon's mother-in-law ## +# Then Jesus left -in-law** - "the mother of Simon's wife" +This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## rebuked the fever ## +# Simon's mother-in-law -"spoke sternly to the fever" or "commanded the fever to leave her" (UDB). This could be translated as "commanded that her skin should become cool" or "commanded the sickness to leave her." \ No newline at end of file +"the mother of Simon's wife" + +# was suffering with + +This is an idiom that means "was very sick with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a high fever + +"her skin was very hot" + +# pleaded with him on her behalf + +This means they asked Jesus to heal her from the fever. This can be stated clearly. AT: "asked Jesus to heal her from the fever" or "asked Jesus to cure her fever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# So he stood + +The word "So" makes it clear that he did this because the people pleaded with him on behalf of Simon's mother-in-law. + +# stood over her + +"went to her and leaned over her" + +# rebuked the fever + +"spoke sternly to the fever" or "commanded the fever to leave her." It may be helpful to state clearly what he told the fever to do. AT: "commanded that her skin should become cool" or "commanded the sickness to leave her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# started serving them + +Here this means she began to prepare food for Jesus and the other people in the house. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/40.md b/luk/04/40.md index 0f9256f421..620dcdeb3b 100644 --- a/luk/04/40.md +++ b/luk/04/40.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## crying out ## +# laid his hands on -"screaming" or "shouting" +"placed his hands on" or "touched" -## rebuked the demons ## +# Demons also came out + +It is implied that Jesus made the demons leave the demon-possessed people. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Jesus also forced demons to come out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# crying out and saying + +These mean about the same thing, and probably refer to cries of fear or anger. Some translations use only one term. AT: "screaming" or "shouting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# rebuked the demons "spoke sternly to the demons" -## would not let them ## +# would not let them -"did not allow them" \ No newline at end of file +"did not allow them to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/42.md b/luk/04/42.md index 60ba498030..a534c8df45 100644 --- a/luk/04/42.md +++ b/luk/04/42.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## When daybreak came ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Though the people wanted Jesus to stay in Capernaum, he goes to preach in other Judean synagogues. + +# When daybreak came "At sunrise" or "At dawn" -## a solitary place ## +# a solitary place -"a deserted place" or "a place where no people lived" or "a place where there were no people" +"a deserted place" or "a place where there were no people" -## to many other cities ## +# to many other cities -This could be translated as "to the people in many other cities." +"to the people in many other cities" -## this is the reason I was sent here ## +# this is the reason I was sent here -This could be translated with an active clause as in "this is the reason God sent me here." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this is the reason God sent me here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Judea + +Since Jesus had been in Galilee, the term "Judea" here probably refers to the entire region where the Jews lived at that time. AT: "where the Jews lived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/04/intro.md b/luk/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e325785e69 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Luke 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:10-11, 18-19, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "(Jesus) was tempted there by the devil" ##### +In translation, it is important not to imply that Jesus actually considered or was in fact "tempted" by the devil. It is more accurate (theologically) to say that the devil "tried to tempt" Jesus. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/01.md b/luk/05/01.md index ca7322cca7..03ed4afd93 100644 --- a/luk/05/01.md +++ b/luk/05/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Now it happened ## +# Connecting Statement: -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +Jesus preaches from Simon Peter's boat at the lake of Gennesaret. -## washing their nets ## +# Now it happened -They were cleaning their fishing nets in order to use them again them again to catch fish. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## asked him to put it out into the water ## +# the lake of Gennesaret -"asked Peter to move the boat farther from the shore" +This is another name for the Sea of Galilee. Galilee was on the west side of the lake, and the land of Gennesaret was on the east side, so it was called by both names. -## Jesus sat down and taught the people ## +# washing their nets + +They were cleaning their fishing nets in order to use them again to catch fish. + +# one of the boats, which was Simon's + +"the boat belonging to Simon" + +# asked him to put it out in the water a short distance from the land + +"asked Simon to move the boat farther from the shore" + +# he sat down and taught the people Sitting was the normal position for a teacher. -## taught the people out of the boat ## +# taught the people out of the boat "taught the people while he sat in the boat." Jesus was in the boat a short distance from the shore and he was speaking to the people who were on the shore. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/04.md b/luk/05/04.md index 81fe1dab41..82eb410d8f 100644 --- a/luk/05/04.md +++ b/luk/05/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## when he had finished speaking ## +# When he had finished speaking -"when Jesus had finished teaching the people" +"When Jesus had finished teaching the people" -## Master ## - -The Greek word that is translated here as “Master” is a not the normal word for “Master.” This one refers to someone who has authority, and not to someone who owns someone else. You could also translate it as "Boss" or "Foreman" or with a word that is commonly used to address a person in authority, such as “Sir.” - -## at your word ## +# at your word "because of your word" or "because you have told me to do this" -## motioned ## +# motioned They were too far from shore to call so they made gestures, probably waving their arms. -## they began to sink ## +# they began to sink -“the boats began to sink.” If necessary for understanding, the implied information could be made explicit as in, “the boats began to sink because the fish were so heavy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the boats began to sink." The reason could be stated clearly. AT: "the boats began to sink because the fish were so heavy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/08.md b/luk/05/08.md index 8033a9d9e9..a6e6a09fcf 100644 --- a/luk/05/08.md +++ b/luk/05/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## fell down at Jesus knees ## +# fell down at Jesus' knees -Possible meanings are 1) "bowed down at Jesus feet" or 2) "lay down on the ground at Jesus feet" or 3) "knelt down before Jesus." Peter did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. +Possible meanings are 1) "knelt down before Jesus" or 2) "bowed down at Jesus' feet" or 3) "lay down on the ground at Jesus' feet." Peter did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## sinful man ## +# sinful man The word here for "man" means "adult male" and not the more general "human being." -## you will catch men ## +# the catch of fish -The word “catch” is being used as a metaphor for gathering people to follow Christ. This could also be translated with the metaphor as in “you will fish for people.” It could also be translated without the metaphor as in “you will gather people” or “you will bring people in.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the large number of fish" + +# partners with Simon + +"Simon's partners in his fishing business" + +# you will catch men + +The image of catching fish is being used as a metaphor for gathering people to follow Christ. AT: "you will fish for people" or "you will gather people for me" or "you will bring people to be my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/12.md b/luk/05/12.md index 23eecacb28..fda11a328b 100644 --- a/luk/05/12.md +++ b/luk/05/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## behold a man full of leprosy was there ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a man who was full of leprosy." +Jesus heals a leper in a different city that is not named. -## he fell on his face ## +# It came about -"he bowed down to the ground" (UDB) or "he knelt and touched the ground with his face" +This phrase marks a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## implored him ## +# a man full of leprosy -"begged him" or "pleaded with him" (UDB) +"a man who was covered with leprosy." This introduces a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## if you are willing ## +# he fell on his face -"if you want to" \ No newline at end of file +"he knelt and touched the ground with his face" or "he bowed down to the ground" + +# if you are willing + +"if you want to" + +# you can make me clean + +It is understood that he was asking Jesus to heal him. This can be stated clearly. AT: "please make me clean, because you are able" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# make me clean ... Be clean + +This refers to ceremonial cleanness, but it is understood that he is unclean because of the leprosy. He is really asking Jesus to heal him of his disease. This can be stated clearly. AT: "heal me from leprosy so I will be clean ... Be healed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the leprosy left him + +"he no longer had leprosy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/14.md b/luk/05/14.md index cc4e2fc474..d8f1ffcba3 100644 --- a/luk/05/14.md +++ b/luk/05/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## to tell no one ## +# to tell no one -This is an indirect quote. It can also be translated as a direct quote "Do not tell anyone." The implied information is "that you have been healed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be translated as a direct quote: "Do not tell anyone" There is implied information that can also be stated explicitly (AT): "do not tell anyone __that you have been healed__" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## sacrifice for cleansing ## +# sacrifice for your cleansing -The law required a person to make a specific sacrifice after they were cleansed. This allowed the person to be ceremonially clean, and able to again participate in religious rituals. +The law required a person to make a specific sacrifice after they were healed. This allowed the person to be ceremonially clean, and able to again participate in religious rituals. -## for a testimony to them ## +# for a testimony -"for a testimony to the priests" or "so that the priests will know that you have truly been healed." The priests in the temple would be confronted with the fact that Jesus had healed the man's leprosy. \ No newline at end of file +"so proof of your healing" + +# to them + +Possible meanings are 1) "to the priests" or 2) "to all the people." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/15.md b/luk/05/15.md index f0d5a6e485..13943fddc1 100644 --- a/luk/05/15.md +++ b/luk/05/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the report about him ## +# the report about him -"the news about Jesus." This could mean either "the report about Jesus healing the man" or "the report about Jesus healing people." +"the news about Jesus." This could mean either "the report about Jesus' healing the man with leprosy" or "the report about Jesus' healing people." -## the report about him spread even farther ## +# the report about him spread even farther -"the report about him went out even farther" or "people kept telling the news about him in other places" +"the report about him went out even farther." This can be stated in active form. AT: "people kept telling the news about him in other places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the deserted places ## +# the deserted places -"lonely places" or "quiet places" or "places where there were no other people" \ No newline at end of file +"lonely places" or "places where there were no other people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/17.md b/luk/05/17.md index 1b050a4449..ddaa2fbfba 100644 --- a/luk/05/17.md +++ b/luk/05/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## It happened ... that ## +# Connecting Statement: -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. \ No newline at end of file +One day when Jesus was teaching in a building, some men brought a paralyzed man for Jesus to heal. + +# It came about + +This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/18.md b/luk/05/18.md index 2cc3356bcf..5e31158ccf 100644 --- a/luk/05/18.md +++ b/luk/05/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Now some men came carrying ## +# Now some men came -These are new people in the story. Your language may have a way of showing that these are new people. English can also do it with “There were men who came carrying” or “There were men carrying.” +These are new people in the story. Your language may have a way of showing that these are new people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## mat ## +# mat -This could be translated as "sleeping pad" or "bed" or "stretcher" or "couch." +"sleeping pad" or "bed" or "stretcher" -## was paralyzed ## +# was paralyzed "could not move himself" -## And not finding by what way they might bring him in because of the crowd ## +# They could not find a way to bring him in because of the crowd, so -In some languages it might be more natural to reorder this. "But because of the crowd of people, they could not find a way to take the man inside. So...." +In some languages it might be more natural to reorder this. AT: "But because of the crowd of people, they could not find a way to bring the man inside. So" -## they went up to the housetop ## +# because of the crowd -Houses had flat roofs, and some houses had a ladder or staircase outside to make it easy to go up there. +It is clear that the reason they could not enter was that the crowd was so large that there was no room for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## right in front of Jesus ## +# they went up to the housetop + +Houses had flat roofs, and some houses had a ladder or staircase outside to make it easy to go up there. This can be stated. AT: "they went up to the flat roof of the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# right in front of Jesus "directly in front of Jesus" or "immediately in front of Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/20.md b/luk/05/20.md index b54d9e7d48..4678f88a0d 100644 --- a/luk/05/20.md +++ b/luk/05/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Man ## +# Seeing their faith, Jesus said -This is a general word that people used when speaking to a man whose name they did not know. It was not rude, but it also did not show special respect. Some languages might use a word like "friend" or "brother" or "sir." +It is understood that they believe Jesus could heal the paralyzed man. This can be stated. AT: "When Jesus perceived that they believed that he could heal the man, he said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## your sins are forgiven you ## +# Man -"you are forgiven" or "I forgive your sins" (UDB) +This is a general word that people used when speaking to a man whose name they did not know. It was not rude, but it also did not show special respect. Some languages might use a word like "friend" or "sir." -## question this ## +# your sins are forgiven you -"discuss this" or "reason about this." This could also be translated as "discuss whether or not Jesus had authority to forgive sins." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you are forgiven" or "I forgive your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Who is this who speaks blasphemies? ## +# question this -This rhetorical question shows how shocked and angry they were at what Jesus said. It could also be translated as "This man is blaspheming God" or "He blasphemes God by saying that" or "Who does he think he is to blaspheme God like that?" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"discuss this" or "reason about this." What they questioned can be stated. AT: "discuss whether or not Jesus had authority to forgive sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Who can forgive sins, but God alone? ## +# Who is this who speaks blasphemies? -This rhetorical question can also be translated as "No one can forgive sins but God alone" or "God is the only one who can forgive sins." The implied information is that if a person claims to forgive sins he is pretending to be God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This question shows how shocked and angry they were at what Jesus said. This can be written as a statement. AT: "This man is blaspheming God!" or "He blasphemes God by saying that!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who can forgive sins but God alone? + +The implied information is that if a person claims to forgive sins he says he is God. This can be written as a clear statement. AT: "No one can forgive sins but God alone!" or "God is the only one who can forgive sins!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/22.md b/luk/05/22.md index 4130847683..ece4cb3036 100644 --- a/luk/05/22.md +++ b/luk/05/22.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Why are you questioning this in your hearts ## +# perceiving what they were thinking -This could also be translated as "You should not argue about this in your hearts" or "You should not doubt that I have the authority to forgive sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This phrase indicates that they were reasoning silently, so that Jesus sensed rather then heard what they were thinking. -## in your hearts ## +# Why are you questioning this in your hearts? -This is an idiom referring to the part of a person that thinks or believes. Some languages will find it more natural not to include this phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You should not argue about this in your hearts." or "You should not doubt that I have the authority to forgive sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Which is easier to say ## +# in your hearts -Jesus uses this rhetorical question to prepare them to connect his power to forgive with the miracle of healing that he is going to do. The whole question could be translated as "It is easy to say 'Your sins are forgiven,' but only God can cause this lame man to 'Get up and walk.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This expression here means they were thinking this silently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you may know ## +# Which is easier to say ... walk? + +Jesus uses this question to connect his power to forgive with the miracle of healing that he is going to do. It can be stated in active form. AT: "It is easy to say, 'Your sins are forgiven,' but only God can cause this lame man to 'Get up and walk'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# easier to say + +The unspoken implication is that one thing is "easier to say because no one will know," but the other thing is "harder to say because everyone will know." People could not see if the mans sins were forgiven, but they would all know if he would get up and walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# you may know Jesus was speaking to the scribes and Pharisees. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## the Son of Man ## +# the Son of Man Jesus was referring to himself. -## I say to you ## +# I say to you Jesus was saying this to the paralyzed man. The word "you" is singular. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/25.md b/luk/05/25.md index 383f0c22ff..71330ff10e 100644 --- a/luk/05/25.md +++ b/luk/05/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Immediately ## +# Immediately "At once" or "Right away" -## amazement took hold of everyone ## +# he got up -"everyone who saw it was very surprised" +It may be helpful to clearly say that he was healed. AT: "the man was healed! He got up." -## filled with fear ## +# filled with fear "very afraid" or "filled with awe" -## extraordinary things ## +# extraordinary things "amazing things" or "strange things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/27.md b/luk/05/27.md index 5a29abf87c..ad39854b43 100644 --- a/luk/05/27.md +++ b/luk/05/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## After these things happened ## +# Connecting Statement: -This refers to what happened in the previous verses. +When Jesus leaves the house, he calls Levi, the Jewish tax collector, to follow him. Levi prepares a big meal for Jesus which annoys the Pharisees and scribes. -## saw a tax collector ## +# After these things happened -That is, "looked at a tax collector with attention" or "looked carefully at a tax collector." +The phrase "these things" refers to what happened in the previous verses. This signals a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## tax collecting place ## +# saw a tax collector -"tax booth" or "tax-collecting station." This was a booth or table at the side of the road where people had to pay taxes to the government. +"looked at a tax collector with attention" or "looked carefully at a tax collector" -## Follow me ## +# Follow me -This can also be translated as "Be my disciple" or "Come, follow me as your teacher." +To "follow" someone was a term that means to become their disciple. AT: "Be my disciple" or "Come, follow me as your teacher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## left everything ## +# leaving everything behind "left his work as a tax collector" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/29.md b/luk/05/29.md index 4e3e03c01c..274b4af162 100644 --- a/luk/05/29.md +++ b/luk/05/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## in his house ## +# Connecting Statement: + +At the meal, Jesus speaks with the Pharisees and scribes. + +# in his house "in Levi's house" -## reclining at the table ## +# reclining at the table -This could be translated as "at the table" or "sitting at the table." The Greek style of eating at a feast was to lie on a couch and prop oneself up with the left arm on some pillows. +The Greek style of eating at a feast was to lie on a couch and prop oneself up with the left arm on some pillows. AT: "eating together" or "eating at the table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to his disciples ## +# to his disciples "to Jesus' disciples" -## Why do you eat ## +# Why do you eat ... sinful people? -The Pharisees and scribes used this rhetorical question to express their disapproval that Jesus' disciples were eating with sinners. The word "you" is plural. This could be translated as "You should not eat with sinners!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The Pharisees and scribes asked this question to express their disapproval that Jesus' disciples were eating with sinners. AT: "You should not eat with sinners!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## physician ## +# you eat and drink with ... sinful people -"medical doctor" or "doctor" \ No newline at end of file +The Pharisees and scribes believed that religious people should separate themselves from people they considered to be sinners. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# People who are well ... sick + +Jesus expressed this as a proverb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# physician + +"medical doctor" or "doctor" + +# only those who are sick + +The words "need a physician" are understood from the phrase before this. AT: "only those who are sick need one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# righteous people + +Some people thought they were righteous. Jesus referred to them by the way they thought about themselves even though he knew that they were not righteous. AT: "people who think they are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/33.md b/luk/05/33.md index f7a482329d..53d5574c5e 100644 --- a/luk/05/33.md +++ b/luk/05/33.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## they said to him ## +# They said to him -"the religious leaders said to Jesus" +"The religious leaders said to Jesus" -## Can anyone make ## +# Can anyone make ... with them? -Jesus used this rhetorical question to cause the people to think about a situation that they already know. It can also be translated as "No one tells the wedding attendants of the bridegroom to fast while he is still with them." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus used this question to cause the people to think about a situation that they already know. This can be written as a statement. AT: "No one tells the wedding attendants of the bridegroom to fast while he is still with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## wedding attendants ## +# wedding attendants "guests" or "friends." These are friends who celebrate with a man who is getting married. -## But the days will come when ## +# the wedding attendants of the bridegroom fast -"But some day" (UDB) or "But soon" +Fasting is a sign of sadness. The religious leaders understood that the wedding attendants would not fast while the bridegroom was with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the bridegroom will be taken away from them ## +# the days will come when -This is a metaphor. Jesus was speaking about himself. This can be made explicit by adding "In the same way, my disciples cannot fast while I am with them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"soon" or "some day" + +# the bridegroom will be taken away from them + +Jesus is comparing himself to the bridegroom, and the disciples to the wedding attendants. He did not explain the metaphor, so the translation should explain it only when necessary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/36.md b/luk/05/36.md index 1b855a7077..8429ed2941 100644 --- a/luk/05/36.md +++ b/luk/05/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## No man tears ## +# General Information: -"No one tears" or "People never rip" (UDB) +Jesus tells a story to the scribes and pharisees who were at Levi's house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## mend ## +# No one tears + +"No one rips" or "People never tear" + +# mend "repair" -## would not fit with ## +# If he did that + +This hypothetical statement explains the reason why a person would not actually mend a garment in that way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# would not fit with "would not match" or "would not be the same as" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/37.md b/luk/05/37.md index 4966d07aae..4c9651e658 100644 --- a/luk/05/37.md +++ b/luk/05/37.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ -Jesus tells the religious leaders another parable. +# new wine -## no man puts ## +"grape juice." This refers to wine that has not yet fermented. -"no one puts" (UDB) or "people never put" +# wineskins -## new wine ## +These were bags made out of animal skins. They could also be called "wine bags" or "bags made of skin." -"grape juice." This refers to wine that has not fermented yet. +# the new wine would burst the skins -## wineskins ## +When the new wine ferments and expands, it breaks the old skins because they can no longer stretch out. Jesus' audience would have understood the information about the wine's fermenting and expanding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -These were bags made out of animal skins. They could also be called "wine bags" or "skin bags" (UDB). +# the wine would be spilled -## the new wine would burst the skins ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the wine would spill out of the bags" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"when the new wine ferments and expands, it would burst the old skins because they could no longer stretch out." Jesus' audience would have understood the implicit information about the wine fermenting and expanding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# fresh wineskins -## the wine would be spilled ## +"new wineskins" or "new wine bags." This refers to new wineskins, unused. -"the wine would spill out of the bags" +# drinking old wine ... wants the new -## fresh wineskins ## +This metaphor contrasts the old teaching of the religious leaders against the new teaching of Jesus. The point is that people who are used to the old teaching are not willing to listen to the new things that Jesus is teaching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"new wineskins" or "new wine bags." This refers to wineskins that have not been used. - -## old wine ## +# old wine "wine that has fermented" -## he says, 'The old is better' ## +# for he says, 'The old is better.' -It may be helpful to add "and is therefore not willing to try the new wine." This is a metaphor that contrasts the old teaching of the religious leaders against the new teaching of Jesus. The point is that people who is used to the old teaching are not willing to listen to the new things that Jesus is teaching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +It may be helpful to add: "and he is therefore not willing to try the new wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/05/intro.md b/luk/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..732ab71802 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# Luke 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "You will catch men" ##### +The New Testament often talks about making disciples or followers of Christ. This is a major ministry of the church. There are many different figures used to describe this in the New Testament. In this chapter, Jesus uses the metaphor of fishing to explain that the disciples of Christ are to gather together other people to become Christ's disciples. It is possible that the whole story of fishing parallels the bountiful harvest of men who will be gathered together to follow Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### "Sinful people" ##### +The Pharisees refer to a group of people as "sinners." What they meant was people who seemed to have no concern for keeping the Law of Moses. However, Luke treats the term "sinners" in an ironic way, because Jesus says that he came to call sinners to repent. By "sinners," Jesus was referring to anyone guilty of sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +##### Fasting and Feasting ##### +Fasting was often done during a time of repentance. It was not done during joyous times. This is used in contrast to weddings, which were times of great joy with large feasts. Having Jesus on the Earth was a cause of celebration for mankind. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Hypothetical Situation ##### +Jesus uses a hypothetical situation to condemn the Pharisees. This passage includes "people in good health" and "righteous people." This does not mean that there are people who do not need Jesus. There are no "righteous people," everybody needs Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [Luke 5:31-32](./29.md)) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +==Implicit knowledge == +Implicit knowledge is needed in several parts of this chapter. The UDB can be quite effective in helping the reader to understand unknown figures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Past Events ##### +Parts of this chapter are sequences of events that have already happened. In a given passage, Luke sometimes writes as if the events have already happened while other events are still in progress (even though they are complete at the time he writes). This can cause difficulty in translation by creating an illogical order of events. It may be necessary to make these consistent by writing as if all the events have already happened. + +##### "Son of Man" ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. It may not be possible in every language to have someone speaking in the third person about himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/01.md b/luk/06/01.md index 95d872f8b8..fe2c1f2d70 100644 --- a/luk/06/01.md +++ b/luk/06/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Now it happened ## +# Connecting Statement: -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +Jesus and his disciples now walk through a grain field while some Pharisees begin to question the disciples about what they are doing on the Sabbath which, in God's law, has been set aside for God. -## grain fields ## +# General Information: -In this case, these are large sections of land where wheat seed had been scattered to grow more wheat. +The word "you" here is plural, and refers to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## heads of grain ## +# Now it happened -This is the topmost part of the wheat plant, which is a kind of large grass. It holds the mature grain or seeds of the plant. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you can consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Why are you doing something that is not lawful to do on the Sabbath day? ## +# grainfields -This could be translated as, "Why are you picking grain on the Sabbath?" It is a rhetorical question that means "Picking grain on the Sabbath is against God's law!" The word "you" is plural, and refers to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +In this case, these are large sections of land where the people had scattered wheat seed to grow more wheat. + +# heads of grain + +This is the topmost part of the grain plant, which is a kind of large grass. It holds the mature, edible seeds of the plant. + +# rubbing them between their hands + +They did this to separate the grain seeds. This can be stated clearly. AT: "They rubbed them in their hands to separate the grains from the husks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Why are you doing something that is not lawful to do on the Sabbath day? + +They asked this question to accuse the disciples of breaking the law. It can be written as a statement. AT: "Picking grain on the Sabbath is against God's law!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# doing something + +The Pharisees considered even the small action of rubbing a handful of grain to be unlawful work. This can be stated clearly. AT: "doing work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/03.md b/luk/06/03.md index 8fa75376e7..193763df10 100644 --- a/luk/06/03.md +++ b/luk/06/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Have you not even read ## +# Have you not even read ... him? -This is the beginning of a rhetorical question. Jesus is mildly rebuking them for not learning from it. It could be translated as "Certainly you have read." (UDB) or "You should learn from what you have read" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus is rebuking the Pharisees for not learning from the scriptures. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should learn from what you have read ... him!" or "Certainly you have read ... him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the ceremonial bread ## +# the bread of the presence "the holy bread" or "the bread that was offered to God" -## Son of Man ## +# Son of Man -This could be translated as "I, the Son of Man." Jesus was referring to himself. +Jesus was referring to himself. This can be stated: AT: "I, the Son of Man" -## Lord of the Sabbath ## +# is Lord of the Sabbath -"owner of the Sabbath." It could be translated as "has the authority to determine what is right for people to do on the Sabbath!" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +The title "Lord" here emphasizes his authority over the Sabbath. AT: "has the authority to determine what is right for people to do on the Sabbath!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/06.md b/luk/06/06.md index b63ceb889e..3414be7c73 100644 --- a/luk/06/06.md +++ b/luk/06/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## And it happened ## +# Connecting Statement: -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +The scribes and Pharisees watch as Jesus heals a man on the Sabbath. -## hand was shriveled ## +# General Information: + +It is now another Sabbath day and Jesus is in the synagogue. + +# It happened + +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# A man was there + +This introduces a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# hand was withered The man's hand was damaged in such a way that he could not stretch it. It was probably bent into almost a fist, making it look smaller and wrinkled. -## were watching him closely ## +# were watching him closely "were watching Jesus carefully" -## so that they might find ## +# so that they might find -This could be translated as "because they wanted to find." +"because they wanted to find" -## in the middle of everyone ## +# in the middle of everyone -This could be translated as "in front of everyone" (UDB). Jesus wanted the man to stand where everyone there could see him. \ No newline at end of file +"in front of everyone." Jesus wanted the man to stand where everyone there could see him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/09.md b/luk/06/09.md index 4c0e156875..64e2e5d9ef 100644 --- a/luk/06/09.md +++ b/luk/06/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## to them ## +# to them "to the Pharisees" -## Is it lawful ## +# is it lawful ... save a life ... destroy it? -This is the beginning of a rhetorical question. Jesus wanted the Pharisees to think about it and acknowledge that it is lawful to heal on the Sabbath. This could be translated as "Which is lawful? To do good" or "Which does the law of Moses permit us to do?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus wanted to correct the Pharisees' understanding that it was wrong to heal on the Sabbath. He asked the question as a contrast between doing good and doing evil in order to make it obvious which one is lawful and which one is wrong. AT: "which action does God's law permit—to do good and heal, or to do harm and destroy a life?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## to do good or to do harm ## +# to do good or to do harm "to help someone or to harm someone" -## stretch out your hand ## +# Stretch out your hand -"hold out your hand" or "extend your hand" +"Hold out your hand" or "Extend your hand" -## restored ## +# restored "healed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/12.md b/luk/06/12.md index 0b224e075f..8661efa3f3 100644 --- a/luk/06/12.md +++ b/luk/06/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## And it happened ## +# General Information: -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +Jesus chooses twelve apostles after he prays all night. -## in those days ## +# It happened in those days -"around that time" or "not long after that" or "one day around then" +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## he went out ## +# in those days + +"around that time" or "not long after" or "one day around then" + +# he went out "Jesus went out" -## chose from them twelve ## +# When it was day -"he chose twelve of them" or "he chose twelve from among the disciples" +"When it was morning" or "The next day" -## whom he named 'apostles' ## +# he chose twelve of them -"and he called them 'apostles'" or "whom he appointed to be apostles" or "whom he made apostles" \ No newline at end of file +"he chose twelve of the disciples" + +# whom he also named apostles + +"whom he also made apostles" or "and he appointed them to be apostles" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/14.md b/luk/06/14.md index 6e626f0c93..a49d0f8af1 100644 --- a/luk/06/14.md +++ b/luk/06/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -This is a list of the twelve men Jesus chose to be his apostles. +# The names of the apostles were -## These were their names ## +This is implied information added to the ULB text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -This phrase introducing the names was added to the ULB to clarify what the list is. Some translators may prefer not to write it. +# his brother Andrew -## his brother Andrew ## +"Simon's brother, Andrew" -"Simon's brother Andrew" +# Zealot -## Zealot ## +Possible meanings are 1) "the Zealot" is a title that indicates he was part of the group of people who wanted to free the Jewish people from Roman rule. AT: "patriot" or "nationalist" or 2) "the zealous one" is a description that indicates he was zealous for God to be honored. AT: "passionate" -Possible meanings are 1) "the Zealot" or 2) "the zealous one." The first meaning indicates he was part of the group of people who wanted to free the Jewish people from Roman rule. This could be translated as "patriot" or "nationalist." The second meaning indicates that he was zealous for God to be honored. It could be translated as "passionate." +# became a traitor -## became a traitor ## - -This could be translated as "betrayed his friend" or "turned his friend over to enemies" or "exposed a friend to danger by telling enemies about him." \ No newline at end of file +It may be necessary to explain what "traitor" means in this context. AT: "betrayed his friend" or "turned his friend over to enemies" (usually in return for money paid) or "exposed a friend to danger by telling enemies about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/17.md b/luk/06/17.md index 3ede79f2fa..97bb982c37 100644 --- a/luk/06/17.md +++ b/luk/06/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## with them ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Though Jesus especially addresses his disciples, there were many people around who listen. + +# with them "with the twelve he had chosen" or "with his twelve apostles" -## and to be healed ## +# to be healed -This could be translated with the active voice as "and for Jesus to heal them." If it is not clear to your readers that Jesus actually healed them, you could make it explicit by saying "and Jesus healed them." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for Jesus to heal them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## troubled with unclean spirits ## +# People who were troubled with unclean spirits were also healed -"bothered by unclean spirits." This could also be translated as "controlled by unclean spirits" or "held captive by unclean spirits." See the UDB for a translation using the active voice. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus also healed people who were troubled with unclean spirits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## were also healed ## +# troubled with unclean spirits -This could be translated with the active voice as "Jesus also healed." If it is not natural to talk about people being healed from unclean spirits, this could be translated as "Jesus set them free" or "Jesus made the evil spirits leave them." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"bothered by unclean spirits" or "controlled by evil spirits" -## power to heal was coming out from him ## +# power to heal was coming out from him -This could be translated as "he had power to heal people." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he had power to heal people" or "he used his power to heal people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/20.md b/luk/06/20.md index f7058462f0..84b8085d5c 100644 --- a/luk/06/20.md +++ b/luk/06/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## blessed are you ## +# Blessed are you -This phrase is repeated three times. Each time, it indicates that God gives favor to someone or that their situation is positive or good. +This phrase is repeated three times. Each time, it indicates that God gives favor to certain people or that their situation is positive or good. -## blessed are you who are poor ## +# Blessed are you who are poor -"You who are poor receive God's favor" or "you who are poor benefit" or "how good it is for you who who are poor" or "It is very good for you who are poor" +"You who are poor receive God's favor" or "You who are poor benefit" -## yours is the kingdom of God ## +# for yours is the kingdom of God -"the kingdom of God belongs to you." This could mean 1) "you belong to God's kingdom" or 2) "you will have authority in God's kingdom." Languages that don't have a word for kingdom might say "God is your king" or "God is your ruler." +Languages that do not have a word for kingdom might say, "for God is your king" or "because God is your ruler." -## you will laugh ## +# yours is the kingdom of God + +"the kingdom of God belongs to you." This could mean 1) "you belong to God's kingdom" or 2) "you will have authority in God's kingdom." + +# you will laugh "you will laugh with joy" or "you will be joyful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/22.md b/luk/06/22.md index 6e0c0cbfd3..608e5d3dab 100644 --- a/luk/06/22.md +++ b/luk/06/22.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. +# Blessed are you -## blessed are you ## +"You receive God's favor" or "You benefit" or "How good it is for you" -“You receive God's favor” or “you benefit” or “how good it is for you” +# exclude you -## separate you from their company ## +"reject you" -"exclude you" or "reject you" +# because of the Son of Man -## reproach you ## +"because you associate with the Son of Man" or "because they reject the Son of Man" -"criticize you in an insulting way" - -## reject your name ## - -AT: "reject you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## for the Son of Man's sake ## - -"because of the Son of Man" or "because you associate with the Son of Man" or "because they reject the Son of Man" - -## in that day ## +# in that day "when they do those things" or "when that happens" -## a great reward ## +# leap for joy -"a good payment" or "good gifts because of it" \ No newline at end of file +This idiom means "be extremely joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a great reward + +"a large payment" or "good gifts" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/24.md b/luk/06/24.md index d23d99adb5..1168efdd43 100644 --- a/luk/06/24.md +++ b/luk/06/24.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. +# woe to you -## woe to you ## +"how terrible it is for you." This phrase is repeated three times. It is the opposite of "blessed are you." Each time, it indicates that God's anger is directed at the people, or that something negative or bad awaits them. -This phrase is repeated three times. It is the opposite of "blessed are you." Each time, it indicates that God's anger is directed at the people, or that something negative or bad awaits them. +# woe to you who are rich -## woe to you who are rich ## +"how terrible it is for you who are rich" or "trouble will come to you who are rich" -“how terrible it is for you who are rich ” or "trouble will come to you who are rich." It could be translated as “You who are rich, how sad for you” or “You who are rich, what sorrow you will have.” - -## you have already received ## - -"you are already receiving in full" or "you are already receiving all you will receive" - -## your comfort ## +# your comfort "what comforts you" or "what satisfies you" or "what makes you happy" -## who are full now ## +# who are full now "whose stomachs are full now" or "who eat much now" -## who laugh now ## +# who laugh now "who are happy now" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/26.md b/luk/06/26.md index 62336074ad..4dce658e04 100644 --- a/luk/06/26.md +++ b/luk/06/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. +# Woe to you -## Woe to you ## +"How terrible it is for you" or "How sad you should be" -“How terrible it is for you ” or “Trouble will come to you” or “How sad you should be” or “What sorrow you will have” +# when all men -## when all men ## +Here "men" is used in the generic sense the includes all people. AT: "when all people" or "when everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -That is "when all people," or "when everyone." +# that is how their ancestors treated the false prophets -## treated the false prophets in the same way ## - -"spoke well of the false prophets" \ No newline at end of file +"they also spoke well of the false prophets" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/27.md b/luk/06/27.md index 19f17560c4..63452add23 100644 --- a/luk/06/27.md +++ b/luk/06/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -Apparently Jesus begins to speak to the whole crowd that was there, including those who were not his disciples. +# Connecting Statement: -## Love… do good… bless… pray ## +Jesus continues to speak to his disciples and the crowd who is listening to him as well. + +# to you who are listening + +Jesus now begins to speak to the entire crowd, rather than just to his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# love ... do good ... Bless ... pray Each of these commands are to be done continually, not just a single time. -## love your enemies ## +# love your enemies -"care about your enemies" or "do what is good for your enemies" +This does not mean they were to only love their enemies and not their friends. This can be stated. AT: "Love your enemies, not only your friends!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## those who curse you ## +# love ... do good to + +These two phrases mean the same thing, and together emphasize the point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Bless those + +God is the one who blesses. This can made explicit. AT: "Ask God to bless those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those who curse you "those who habitually curse you" -## those who mistreat you ## +# those who mistreat you "those who habitually mistreat you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/29.md b/luk/06/29.md index e964923470..a0a172c0f5 100644 --- a/luk/06/29.md +++ b/luk/06/29.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to teach the crowd to love their enemies. - -## To him who strikes you ## +# To him who strikes you "If anyone hits you" -## on the one cheek ## +# on the one cheek "on one side of your face" -## offer him also the other ## +# offer him also the other -This can be translated as "turn your face so that he can hit the other side, too." +It may be helpful to state what the attacker will do to the person. AT: "turn your face so that he can strike the other cheek also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## do not withhold ## +# do not withhold "do not prevent him from taking" -## Give to everyone who asks you ## +# Give to everyone who asks you -This can be translated as "If anyone asks you for something, give it to him." +"If anyone asks you for something, give it to him" -## do not ask him ## +# do not ask him "do not require him" or "do not demand" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/31.md b/luk/06/31.md index dd5b0cade1..28723ae17c 100644 --- a/luk/06/31.md +++ b/luk/06/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues to teach the crowd to love their enemies. +# As you want people to do to you, you should do the same to them -## as you want people to do to you, you should do the same to them ## +In some languages it may be more natural to reverse the order. AT: "You should do to people the same as what you want them to do to you" or "Treat people they way you want them to treat you" -In some languages it may be more natural to reverse the order. "You should do to people the same as what you want them to do to you" or "Treat people they way you want them to treat you." +# what credit is that to you? -## what credit is that to you? ## +"What reward will you receive?" or "What praise will you receive for doing that?" This can be written as a statement. AT: "You will not receive any reward for that." or "God will not reward you for that." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This is a rhetorical question. It could be translated with a statement "You will not receive any credit for that. This could be translated as "What praise will you receive for doing that? or "Will anyone think that you have done something special?" Another possible meaning is "What reward will you receive?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# to get back the same amount + +The law of Moses commanded the Jews not to receive interest on money they loaned to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/35.md b/luk/06/35.md index 8726741b19..4ecb2751ae 100644 --- a/luk/06/35.md +++ b/luk/06/35.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to teach the crowd to love their enemies. +# your reward will be great -## your reward will be great ## +"you will receive a great reward" or "you will receive good payment" or "you will get good gifts because of it" -"you will receive a great reward" or "you will receive good payment" or "you will receive good gifts because of it" +# you will be sons of the Most High -## you will be sons of the Most High ## +It is best to translate "sons" with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a human son or child. -The words "sons of" is an idiom meaning "like." It indicates that people who love their enemies act like God acts. This could be translated as "you will be acting like children of the the Most High God" or "you will be like the Most High God." Make sure that the word "sons" is plural so it is not confused with Jesus' title "The Son of God." +# sons of the Most High -## unthankful and evil people ## +Make sure that the word "sons" is plural so it is not confused with Jesus' title "The Son of the Most High." -"people who who do not thank him and who are evil" +# unthankful and evil people -## your Father ## +"people who do not thank him and who are evil" -This refers to God. This could be made clearer by saying "your Father in heaven." \ No newline at end of file +# your Father + +This refers to God. It is best to translate "Father" with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/37.md b/luk/06/37.md index 933677609e..444d08be22 100644 --- a/luk/06/37.md +++ b/luk/06/37.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -Jesus teaches the crowd not to judge people. +# Do not judge -## Do not judge ## +"Do not judge people" or "Do not harshly criticize people" -"Do not judge people" or "Do not criticize people" +# and you -## and ## +"and as a result you" -This could also be translated as "and as a result" +# you will not be judged -## you will not be judged ## +Jesus did not say who would not judge. Possible meanings are 1) "God will not judge you" or 2) "no one will judge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Jesus did not say who would not judge. Possible meanings are 1) "God will not judge you" or 2) "no one will judge you." Both of these translations make it explicit who will not judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## Do not condemn ## +# Do not condemn "Do not condemn people" -## you will not be condemned ## +# you will not be condemned -Jesus did not say who would not condemn. Possible meanings are 1) "God will not condemn you" or 2) "no one will condemn you." Both of these translations make it explicit who will not condemn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Jesus did not say who would not condemn. Possible meanings are 1) "God will not condemn you" or 2) "no one will condemn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you will be forgiven ## +# you will be forgiven -Jesus did not say who would forgive. Possible meanings are 1) "God will forgive you" or 2) "they will forgive you." The first translation makes it explicit who will forgive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus did not say who would forgive. Possible meanings are 1) "God will forgive you" or 2) "people will forgive you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/38.md b/luk/06/38.md index 1903915495..ac0e255ae5 100644 --- a/luk/06/38.md +++ b/luk/06/38.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to teach the crowd not to judge people. +# it will be given to you -## and it will be given to you ## +Jesus did not say exactly who would give. Possible meanings are 1) "someone will give it to you" or 2) "God will give it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Jesus did not say explicitly who would give. Possible meanings are 1) “someone will give it to you” or 2) "God will give it to you." Both of these translations make the giver explicit.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# A generous amount ... your lap -## a generous amount ## +Jesus spoke of either God or people giving generously as if they were a generous grain merchant. AT: "They will pour into your lap a generous amount that they have pressed down and shaken together until it is spilling over" or "Like a generous grain merchant who presses down the grain and shakes it together and pours in so much grain that it spills over, they will give generously to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"a large amount" +# A generous amount -## A generous amount ... your lap ## +"A large amount" -The order of this sentence can be reversed and active verbs can be used. "They will pour into your lap a generous amount that they have pressed down and shaken together and that is spilling over." Jesus used the metaphor of a grain merchant giving a generous amount. It could be translated as a simile "Like a grain merchant who presses down the grain and shakes it together and pours in so much grain that it spills over, they will give generously to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# it will be measured back to you -## the same standard will be used to measure for you ## - -This can be translated as "They will use the same size measure to measure things for you" or "They will measure things for you by the same standard." \ No newline at end of file +Jesus did not say exactly who would measure. Possible meanings are 1) "they will measure things back to you" or 2) "God will measure things back to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/39.md b/luk/06/39.md index ce896c2b0f..3086341a48 100644 --- a/luk/06/39.md +++ b/luk/06/39.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to teach the crowd not to judge people. +# Connecting Statement: -## Can a blind person guide another blind person? ## +Jesus includes some examples to make his point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -Jesus used this rhetorical question to get people to think about something that they already knew. It can be translated as "A blind person cannot guide another blind person, can he?" or "We all know that a blind person cannot guide another blind person." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Can a blind person guide another blind person? -## If he did ## +Jesus used this question to get the people to think about something that they already know. This can be written as a statement. AT: "We all know that a blind person cannot guide another blind person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Some languages might prefer "if one did." +# blind person -## they would both fall into a pit, would they not? ## +The person who is "blind" is a metaphor for a person who has not been taught as a disciple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This is another rhetorical question. It could be translated as "Would they not both fall into a pit?" or "They both would fall into a hole" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# If he did -## A disciple is not greater than his teacher ## +Some languages might prefer, "if one did." This is an absurd situation that is not likely to actually happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -This could either mean 1) "A disciple does not have more knowledge than his teacher" or 2) "A disciple does not have more authority than his teacher." It could be translated as "A disciple has not surpassed his teacher." +# they would both fall into a pit, would they not? -## everyone when he is completely trained ## +This can be written as a statement. AT: "both of them would fall into a hole" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"every disciple who has been trained well." It can be translated with an active verb: "every disciple whose training has reached its goal" or "every disciple whose teacher has fully taught him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# A disciple is not greater than his teacher + +"A disciple does not surpass his teacher." Possible meanings are 1) "A disciple does not have more knowledge than his teacher" or 2) "A disciple does not have more authority than his teacher." + +# everyone when he is fully trained + +"every disciple who has been trained well" or "every disciple whose teacher has fully taught him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/41.md b/luk/06/41.md index af76e22d1f..011a40e780 100644 --- a/luk/06/41.md +++ b/luk/06/41.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to teach the crowd not to judge people. +# Why do you look ... brother's eye, but you do not notice the log that is in your own eye? -## Why do you look ## +Jesus uses this question to challenge the people to pay attention to their own sins before they pay attention to another person's sins. AT: "Do not look ... brothers eye while you ignore the log that is in your own eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This is a metaphor about noticing or judging others. It can be translated as a simile as it is in the UDB. "Why do you notice ... That is like..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# the tiny piece of straw that is in your brother's eye -## tiny piece of straw ## +This is a metaphor that refers to the less important faults of a fellow believer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This could be translated as "splinter" or "speck" (UDB). +# tiny piece of straw -## brother ## +"speck" or "splinter" or "bit of dust." Use a word for the smallest thing that commonly falls into a person's eyes. -Here it could refer to a fellow Jew or a fellow believer in Jesus. +# brother -## log ## +Here "brother" refers to a fellow Jew or a fellow believer in Jesus. -This could be translated as "beam" or "plank." \ No newline at end of file +# the log that is in your own eye + +This is a metaphor for a person's most important faults. A log could not literally go into a person's eye. Jesus exaggerates to emphasize that a person should pay attention to his own more important faults before he deals with another person's less important faults. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# log + +"beam" or "plank" + +# How can you say ... eye? + +Jesus asks this question to challenge the people to pay attention to their own sins before they pay attention to another person's sins. AT: "You should not say ... eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/43.md b/luk/06/43.md index 11d893ecbc..5c3e8d23cc 100644 --- a/luk/06/43.md +++ b/luk/06/43.md @@ -1,33 +1,27 @@ -Jesus compares people to good and bad trees. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# General Information: -## For ## +People can tell if a tree is good or bad, and what type of tree it is, by the fruit it produces. Jesus uses this as an unexplained metaphor—we know what kind of person someone is when we see their actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"because." This links the fact that our character will be exposed as the reason why we should not judge our brother. +# For there is -## good tree ## +"Because there is." This indicates that what follows is the reason why we should not judge our brother. + +# good tree "healthy tree" -## rotten ## +# rotten -"decaying." It could be translated as "bad". +"decaying" or "bad" or "worthless" -## each tree is known ## +# each tree is known -"recognized." This could be translated with an active verb, as in "people know a tree" or "people recognize a tree." +People recognize the kind of tree by the fruit it bears. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people know the type of a tree" or "people recognize a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## fig ## +# thornbush -the sweet-tasting fruit of the fig tree. The fig tree does not have thorns on it. +a plant or shrub that has thorns -## thornbush ## +# briar bush -a plant or shrub that has thorns. - -## grape ## - -the sweet-tasting fruit of the grape vine. The grape vine does not have thorns on it. - -## briar bush ## - -a vine or shrub that has thorns. \ No newline at end of file +a vine or shrub that has thorns \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/45.md b/luk/06/45.md index f595a47f59..e916e2ca4d 100644 --- a/luk/06/45.md +++ b/luk/06/45.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Jesus compares the thoughts of a person to their physical treasures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# General Information: -## The good man ## +Jesus compares the thoughts of a person to their good or evil treasure. The good thoughts of good people cause good actions. The evil thoughts of evil people cause evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"The good person." The word "good" here refers to righteousness or moral goodness. The word "man" here refers to a person, male or female. It could be translated as "A good person" or "Good people" (UDB). +# The good man -## the good treasure of his heart ## +The word "good" here refers to righteousness or moral goodness. -"the good things he keeps in his heart" or "what he values" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# good man -## brings out ## +The word "man" here refers to a person, male or female. AT: "good person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -This could be translated without the metaphor as "lives his life" or "demonstrates" or "shows" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# the good treasure of his heart -## that which is good ## +Here the good thoughts of a person are spoken of as if they are treasures stored in the heart of that person, and "his heart" is a metonym for something deep inside the person. AT: "the good things he keeps deep inside himself" or "the good things he values very intensely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"good things" +# produces what is good -## from the abundance of his heart his mouth speaks ## +Producing what is good is a metaphor for doing what is good. AT: "does what is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"what he thinks in his heart affects what he says with his mouth" or "what he values in his heart determines what he says with his mouth." It could be translated without reference to the mouth and heart, as in "what a person says shows what he constantly thinks about" or "what he thinks about affects what he says." \ No newline at end of file +# the evil treasure of his heart + +Here the evil thoughts of a person are spoken of as if they are evil things stored in the heart of that person, and "his heart" is a metonym for something deep inside the person. AT: "the evil things he keeps deep inside himself" or "the evil things he values very intensely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks + +The phrase "his mouth" represents him using his mouth. AT: "what he thinks in his heart affects what he says with his mouth" or "what he values in his heart determines what he says with his mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/46.md b/luk/06/46.md index fa71209b5c..e0fdd29bcc 100644 --- a/luk/06/46.md +++ b/luk/06/46.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ -Jesus teaches the crowd about the importance of obeying him. +# General Information: -## a man building a house... ## +Jesus compares the person who obeys his teaching to a man who builds a house on rock where it will be safe from floods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -*This metaphor compares a man building a house on rock to a person who lives his life based on the teachings of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Lord, Lord -## foundation ## +The repetition of these words indicates that they regularly called Jesus "Lord." + +# Every person who comes to me ... I will tell you what he is like + +It may be more clear to change the order of this sentence. AT: "I will tell you what every person is like who comes to me and hears my words and obeys them" + +# built the house's foundation on solid rock + +"dug the foundation of the house deep enough to reach a foundation of solid rock." Some cultures may not be familiar with building on bedrock, and may need to use another image for a stable foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# foundation "base" or "support" -## solid rock ## +# solid rock -This is the very large, hard rock that is deep under the soil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"bedrock." This is the very large, hard rock that is deep under the soil. -## built the house's foundation on solid rock ## +# torrent of water -"dug the foundation of the house deep enough to reach" or "built the house on solid rock." Some cultures may not be familiar with building on bedrock. In those cases, this could be translated in a more general way as in "set the house's foundation firmly in solid ground." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"fast-moving water" or "river" -## torrent of water ## +# flowed against -"fast-moving water" or "river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"crashed against" -## flowed against ## +# shake it -"crashed against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "cause it to shake" or 2) "destroy it." -## because it had been well built ## +# because it had been well built -"because the man had built it well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because the man had built it well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/49.md b/luk/06/49.md index 4ae5afd56c..a86deef41a 100644 --- a/luk/06/49.md +++ b/luk/06/49.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to teach the crowd about the importance of obeying him. +# General Information: -## a man who built a house... ## +Jesus compares the person who hears but does not obey his teaching to a man who builds a house without a foundation so it will collapse in a flood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -This metaphor now compares a man building a house without a foundation to a person who does not obey the teachings of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# But the person -## foundation ## +"But" shows a strong contrast to the previous person who built with a foundation. -"base" or "support" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# on top of the ground without a foundation -## without a foundation ## +Some cultures may not know that a house with a foundation is stronger. Additional information may be helpful. AT: "but he did not dig down and build first a foundation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -This could be translated as "but he did not dig down and build a foundation first." +# foundation -## torrent of water ## +"base" or "firm support" -"fast-moving water" or "river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# torrent of water -## flowed against ## +"fast-moving water" or "river" -"crashed against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# flowed against -## collapsed ## +"crashed against" -"fell down" or "came apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# collapsed + +"fell down" or "came apart" + +# the ruin of that house was complete + +"that house was completely destroyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/06/intro.md b/luk/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..374991aabf --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# Luke 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Luke 6:20-49 contains many blessings and woes which appear to correspond to Matthew 5-7. This part of Matthew has traditionally been called the "Sermon on the Mount." In Luke, they are not as connected to a teaching on the kingdom of God as they are in Matthew's gospel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Eating the grain" ##### +This was a culturally acceptable practice for travelers to eat small amounts of grain off of plants in fields they traveled through or near. Farmers were required to allow this according to the law of Moses. The Pharisees considered this to be "gleaning" and forbade it because they would be working on the Sabbath. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +It was common for Jesus to use metaphors as a way to teach people about complex spiritual truths. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Jesus used rhetorical questions to teach people and to condemn them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Implicit information ##### +There are many instances of Luke including information that would have been implicitly understood by someone in the ancient Near East that may not be understood by someone in a different culture today. An example is the expectation of a time of judgment in the future or possibly that people will be judged at the end of their life ([Luke 6:37](./37.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### The twelve disciples ##### +The following are the lists of the twelve disciples: In Matthew: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot. + +In Mark: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee, John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot. + +In Luke: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James, the son of Alphaeus, Simon, who was called the Zealot, Judas, the son of James, and Judas Iscariot. + +It is probable that Thaddaeus and Judas, the son of James, are two names of the same person. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/01.md b/luk/07/01.md index e166446b2a..13cbc690f2 100644 --- a/luk/07/01.md +++ b/luk/07/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## in the hearing of the people ## +# General Information: -This could also be translated as, “to the people who were listening” or “to the people” or “for the people to hear.” \ No newline at end of file +Jesus enters Capernaum where Jesus heals a centurian's servant. + +# in the hearing of the people + +The idiom "in the hearing" emphasizes that he wanted them to hear what he said. AT: "to the people who were listening to him" or "to the people who were present" or "for the people to hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he entered Capernaum + +This begins a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/02.md b/luk/07/02.md index 68271bf2cc..2941913066 100644 --- a/luk/07/02.md +++ b/luk/07/02.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## who was precious to him ## +# who was highly regarded by him "whom the centurion valued" or "whom he respected" -## having heard about Jesus ## +# asked him earnestly -"because he had heard about Jesus" +"pleaded with him" or "begged him" -## save his slave from dying ## - -"save his slave so that he would not die" or "keep his slave from dying" - -## He is worthy ## +# He is worthy "The centurion is worthy" -## our nation ## +# our nation "our people." This refers to the Jewish people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/06.md b/luk/07/06.md index 370a92c886..9c5270f39d 100644 --- a/luk/07/06.md +++ b/luk/07/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## Do not trouble yourself ## +# continued on his way -"Don't trouble yourself by coming to my house." It could also be translated as "I don't wish to bother you." The centurion was speaking politely to Jesus. +"went along" -## enter under my roof ## +# not far from the house -"come into my house". "Enter under my roof" is an idiom. If you language has an idiom meaning "come into my house," think about whether it would be good to use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The double negative can be replaced. AT: "near the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## just say a word ## +# do not trouble yourself -This can be translated as "just give the order." The servant understood that Jesus could heal the servant just by speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The centurion was speaking politely to Jesus. AT: "do not trouble yourself by coming to my house" or "I do not wish to bother you" -## my servant will be healed ## +# come under my roof -The word that is translated here as "servant" is normally translated as "boy." It may indicate that the servant was very young, or show the centurion's affection for him. +This phrase is an idiom that means "come into my house." If your language has an idiom that means "come into my house," think about whether it would be good to use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## to my servant ## +# just say a word + +The servant understood that Jesus could heal the servant just by speaking. Here "word" refers to a command. AT: "just give the order" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# my servant will be healed + +The word that is translated here as "servant" is normally translated as "boy." It may indicate that the servant was very young or show the centurion's affection for him. + +# I also am a man who is under authority + +"I also have someone over me that I must obey" + +# under me + +"under my authority" + +# to my servant The word that is translated here as "servant" is the typical word for a servant. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/09.md b/luk/07/09.md index eff69780ad..e431924c87 100644 --- a/luk/07/09.md +++ b/luk/07/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## I say to you ## +# he was amazed at him + +"he was amazed at the centurion" + +# I say to you Jesus said this to emphasize the surprising thing that he was about to tell them. -## not even in Israel have I found anyone with so much faith ## +# not even in Israel have I found such faith -The implication is that Jesus expected Jewish people to have this kind of faith, but they didn't. He did not expect Gentiles to have this kind of faith, yet this man did. You may need to add this implied information as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The implication is that Jesus expected Jewish people to have this kind of faith, but they did not. He did not expect Gentiles to have this kind of faith, yet this man did. You may need to add this implied information. AT: "I have not found any Israelite who trusts me as much as this Gentile does!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## those who were sent ## +# those who had been sent -"the people whom the Roman officer had sent to Jesus" \ No newline at end of file +It is understood that these were the people the centurion sent. This can be stated. AT: "the people whom the Roman officer had sent to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/11.md b/luk/07/11.md index cab48db3b2..9a4a996399 100644 --- a/luk/07/11.md +++ b/luk/07/11.md @@ -1,43 +1,43 @@ -## it happened that ## +# Connecting Statement: -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +Jesus goes to the city of Nain, where he heals a man who had died. -## Nain ## +# Nain -This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +the name of a city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## behold, a dead man ## +# behold, a man who had died -The word "behold" alerts us to the introduction of the dead man into the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a dead man who was...” +The word "behold" alerts us to the introduction of the dead man into the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. AT: "there was a dead man who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## the city gate ## +# a man who had died was being carried out -This could also be translated as "the entrance to the city." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people were carrying out of the city a man who had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## an only son to his mother ## +# the only son of his mother (who was a widow) -"a woman's only son" +"He was his mother's only son, and she was a widow." This is background information about the dead man and his mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## widow ## +# widow -This is a woman whose husband has died. +a woman whose husband has died -## was deeply moved with compassion for her ## +# was deeply moved with compassion for her "felt very sorry for her" -## and coming forward ## +# he went up -Some languages would say "and going forward" or "and approaching the group." +"he went forward" or "he approached the dead man" -## funeral couch ## +# the wooden frame on which they carried the body -This was a stretcher or bed used to move the body to the burial place. It did not have to be something the body was buried in. +This was a stretcher or bed used to move the body to the burial place. It did not have to be something in which the body was buried. Other translations may have the less common "bier" or "funeral couch." -## I say to you ## +# I say to you -Jesus said this to emphasize his authority. It means "Listen to me!" +Jesus said this to emphasize his authority. AT: "Listen to me!" -## the dead man ## +# The dead man -"the man who had been dead." The man was not still dead; he was alive. \ No newline at end of file +The man was not still dead; he was now alive. It may be necessary to state this clearly. AT: "The man who had been dead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/16.md b/luk/07/16.md index 3d982a978e..002007ff7d 100644 --- a/luk/07/16.md +++ b/luk/07/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## fear overcame all of them ## +# Connecting Statement: -This could be translated as "fear took everyone" or "they were all filled with fear." +This tells what happens as a result of Jesus' healing the man who had died. -## A great prophet ## +# fear overcame all of them -They were referring to Jesus, not to some unidentified prophet. It could be translated as "This great prophet." +"fear filled all of them." This can be stated in active form. AT: "they all became very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## has been raised among us ## +# A great prophet -"has come to be with us" or "has appeared to us" or "we have seen" +They were referring to Jesus, not to some unidentified prophet. -## looked upon ## +# has been raised among us -"cared for" +"has come to be with us" or "has appeared to us." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has raised a great prophet among us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## This news about Jesus spread ## +# looked upon -This could also be translated as "People spread this report about Jesus" or "People told others this report about Jesus." "This report" refers to the things people were saying in verse 16. +This idiom means "cared for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## This news ## +# This news about Jesus spread -"This word" or "This message" \ No newline at end of file +"This news" refers to the things people were saying in verse 16. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People spread this report about Jesus" or "People told others this report about Jesus" + +# This news + +"This report" or "This message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/18.md b/luk/07/18.md index defd998ff8..fd5aeee632 100644 --- a/luk/07/18.md +++ b/luk/07/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## told him ## +# Connecting Statement: + +John sends two of his disciples to question Jesus. + +# John's disciples told him about all these things + +This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# told him "told John" -## all these things ## +# all these things "all the things Jesus was doing" -## sent them to the Lord, saying ## +# the men said, "John the Baptist has sent us to you to say, 'Are you ... or should we look for another?'" -"(John) sent them to the Lord, telling them to ask (Jesus)" +This sentence can be rewritten so that it only has one direct quote. AT: "the men said that John the Baptist had sent them to him to ask, 'Are you the one who is coming, or should we look for another?'" or "the men said, 'John the Baptist has sent us to you to ask if you are the one who is coming, or if we should look for another.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## has sent us to you saying, 'Are you the Coming One ## +# should we look for another -"(John) has sent us to you. He asks 'Are you the Coming One'" or "(John) has sent us to to ask you, 'Are you the Coming One'" (UDB) - -## we should be looking for ## - -"we should be waiting for" or "we should be expecting to come" \ No newline at end of file +"should we wait for another" or "should we expect someone else" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/21.md b/luk/07/21.md index 5aae0d4445..2225004210 100644 --- a/luk/07/21.md +++ b/luk/07/21.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## In that hour ## +# In that hour "At that time" -## and from evil spirits ## +# from evil spirits -This could be translated as "and he set people free from evil spirits." +It may be helpful to restate the healing. AT: "he healed them from evil spirits" or "he set people free from evil spirits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## granted ## +# said to them -"gave" +"said to John's messengers" or "said to the messengers that John sent" -## needy people ## - -"poor people" - -## report to John ## +# report to John "tell John" -## The person who does not stop believing in me because of my actions is blessed ## +# needy people -This can be translated as "How good it is for the person who does not stop believing in me because of my actions." +"poor people" -## The person ## +# The person who does not stop believing in me because of my actions is blessed -Since this is not a specific person, it can be translated as "People" or "Anyone" or "Whoever." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will bless the person who does not stop believing in me because of my actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## believing in me ## +# The person + +"People" or "Anyone" or "Whoever." This is not a specific person. + +# not stop + +This double negative means "continues to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# believing in me "trusting me completely" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/24.md b/luk/07/24.md index b8845a0afa..ce2debc91c 100644 --- a/luk/07/24.md +++ b/luk/07/24.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -Jesus talks to the people about John the Baptist. +# Connecting Statement: -## What did you go out to see ## +Jesus begins to speak to the crowd about John the Baptist. He asks rhetorical questions to lead them to think about what John the Baptist is really like. -Jesus used this phrase in three rhetorical questions to cause the people to think about what kind of person John the Baptist was. It could be translated as "Did you go out to see …? Of course not!" or "Surely you did not go out to see …!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# What ... A reed shaken by the wind? -## a reed shaken by the wind ## +This expects a negative answer. "Did you go out to see a reed shaken by the wind? Of course not!" It can also be written as a statement. AT: "Surely you did not go out to see a reed being shaken by the wind!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This metaphor could also be translated as a simile: "a man who was like a reed shaken by the wind." It has two possible interpretations. 1) Reeds are easily moved by the wind, so it could refer to a person who is easily motivated to change his mind. 2) Reeds make noise when the wind rattles them, so it could refer to a person who talks a lot but his speech does not result in anything important (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +# A reed shaken by the wind -## dressed in soft clothes ## +Possible meanings of this metaphor are 1) a person who easily changes his mind, as reeds are easily moved by the wind, or 2) a person who talks a lot but does not say anything important, as reeds rattle when the wind blows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"wearing expensive clothing." Rich people wore this kind of clothing. +# But what ... A man dressed in soft clothes? -## kings' palaces ## +This also expects a negative answer, since John wore rough garments. "Did you go out to see a man dressed in soft clothes? Of course not!" This can also be written as a statement. AT: You certainly did not go out to see a man dressed in soft clothes!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# dressed in soft clothes + +This refers to expensive clothing. Normal clothing was rough. AT: "wearing expensive clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# kings' palaces A palace is a large, expensive house that a king lives in. -## But ## +# But what ... A prophet? -"If you did not go out to see that, then" +This leads to a positive answer. "Did you go out to see a prophet? Of course you did!" This can also be written as a statement. AT: "But you actually went out to see a prophet!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I say to you ## +# Yes, I say to you Jesus said this to emphasize the importance of what he would say next. -## much more than a prophet ## +# more than a prophet -"not an ordinary prophet" or "more important than a normal prophet" \ No newline at end of file +This phrase means that John was indeed a prophet, but that he was even greater than a typical prophet. AT: "not just an ordinary prophet" or "much more important than a normal prophet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/27.md b/luk/07/27.md index 81c7771de8..3de7a6d1e9 100644 --- a/luk/07/27.md +++ b/luk/07/27.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to talk to the people about John the Baptizer. - -## This is he of whom it is written ## +# This is he of whom it is written "That prophet is the one the prophets wrote about" or "John is the one the prophets wrote about long ago" -## Behold… ## +# See, I am sending -In this verse, Jesus is quoting from the prophet Malachi and saying that John was that messenger in the writings of Malachi [Malachi 3:1](../../mal/03/01.md) . +In this verse, Jesus is quoting the prophet Malachi and saying that John is the messenger of which Malachi spoke. -## before your face ## +# before your face -"in front of you" or "to go ahead of you." The word "you" is singular, because God was speaking to the Messiah in the quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +This idiom means "in front of you" or "to go ahead of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I say to you ## +# your -Jesus was speaking to the crowd, so "you" is plural. Jesus said this to emphasize the truth of the surprising thing he was about to say next. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The word "your" is singular because God was speaking to the Messiah in the quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## among them that are born of women ## +# I say to you -"among those to whom a woman has given birth." This is a figure of speech referring to all people. It could also be translated as "of all the people who have ever lived." +Jesus was speaking to the crowd so "you" is plural. Jesus used this phrase to emphasize the truth of the surprising thing he was about to say next. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## no one is greater than John ## +# among those born of women -This can be translated positively as "John is the greatest." +"among those to whom a woman has given birth." This is a metaphor that refers to all people. AT: "of all the people who have ever lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the least important person in the kingdom of God ## +# none is greater than John -This refers to a person who will be part of the kingdom that God will establish." This could be translated as "who has entered into the kingdom of God." +"John is the greatest" -## greater that he is ## +# the one who is least in the kingdom of God -"higher spiritual status than John" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to anyone who is part of the kingdom that God will establish. + +# greater than he is + +The spiritual state of people in the kingdom of God will be higher than of the people before the kingdom was established. AT: "higher spiritual status than John" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/29.md b/luk/07/29.md index b389b51e73..891625a1e6 100644 --- a/luk/07/29.md +++ b/luk/07/29.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Luke, the author of this book, comments on how people responded to John and Jesus. -## they declared that God is righteous ## +# When all the people ... baptism of John + +This verse could be reordered to be more clear. AT: "When all the people who had been baptized by John, including the tax collectors, heard this, they declared that God is righteous" + +# they declared that God is righteous "they said that God had shown himself to be righteous" or "they declared that God had acted righteously" -## who had been baptized with the baptism of John ## +# because they had been baptized with the baptism of John -"who had been baptized by John" or "whom John had baptized" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because they had let John baptize them" or "because John had baptized them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## who were not baptized by him ## +# rejected God's purpose for themselves -"whom John had not baptized" or "who had refused to be baptized by John" or "who had rejected John's baptism" +"rejected what God wanted them to do" or "chose to disobey what God told them" -## Who were not baptized by him, rejected God's wisdom for themselves ## +# they had not been baptized by John -This seems to imply that because they had rejected John's baptism, were not spiritually prepared to accept God's will for them. - -## rejected God's wisdom for themselves ## - -"chose to disobey what God told them" or "chose not to believe God's will" - -## God's wisdom for them ## - -"God's purpose for them" or "God's plan for them" or "what God wanted them to do" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they did not let John baptize them" or "they rejected John's baptism" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/31.md b/luk/07/31.md index d4471b41b1..593d28c80a 100644 --- a/luk/07/31.md +++ b/luk/07/31.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Jesus talks about the people who have rejected him and John the Baptizer. +# Connecting Statement: -## To what should I compare ## +Jesus continues speaking to the people about John the Baptist. -This is the start of a rhetorical question. Jesus used it to introduce a comparison that he was about to make. This whole question could also be translated as, "This is what I will compare this generation to. This is what they are like." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# To what, then, can I compare ... they like? -## the people of this generation ## +Jesus used these questions to introduce a comparison. They can be written as a statement. AT: "This is what I compare this generation to, and what they are like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"the people living now" or "these people" or "you people of this generation" +# I compare ... What are they like -## They are like ## +These are two ways of saying that this is a comparison. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This simile is the beginning of Jesus' comparison. Jesus is saying that the people of this generation were like children who were never satisfied with the way other children acted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# the people of this generation -## marketplace ## +The people living when Jesus spoke. -This was a large, open-air area where people would come to sell their goods. +# They are like -## and you did not dance ## +These words are the beginning of Jesus' comparison. Jesus is saying that the people were like children who were never satisfied with the way other children acted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# marketplace + +a large, open-air area where people came to sell their goods + +# and you did not dance "but you did not dance to the music" -## and you did not weep ## +# and you did not cry -"but you did not weep with us" \ No newline at end of file +"but you did not cry with us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/33.md b/luk/07/33.md index 15f13f56d8..2404738e2f 100644 --- a/luk/07/33.md +++ b/luk/07/33.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the people. He explains why he compared them to children. +# eating no bread -## you say, 'He has a demon' ## +Possible meanings are 1) "frequently fasting" or 2) "not eating normal food." -Jesus was quoting what people were saying about John. It can be translated as an indirect quote: "you say that he has a demon" or "you accuse him of having a demon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +# you say, 'He has a demon.' -## not eating bread ## +Jesus was quoting what people were saying about John. This can be stated without the direct quote. AT: "you say that he has a demon." or "you accuse him of having a demon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -"not eating food." This can be translated as "frequently fasting." It does not mean that John never ate food. +# The Son of Man -## The Son of Man ## +Jesus expected the people to understand that he was referring to himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -Since Jesus expected the people there to understand that he was the Son of Man, it could also be translated as "I, the Son of Man." +# you say, 'Look, he is a gluttonous man and a drunkard ... sinners!' -## you say, 'Behold, he is a gluttonous man ## +This can be translated as an indirect quote. AT: "you say that he is a gluttonous man and a drunkard ... sinners." or "you accuse him of eating and drinking too much and of being ... sinners." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -Jesus was quoting what the people were saying about him as the Son of Man. This can be translated as an indirect quote: "you say that he is a gluttonous man" or "you accuse him of eating too much." If you translated "The Son of Man" as "I, the Son of man", the indirect quote could be translated as "you say that I am a gluttonous man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +# you say, 'Look, he is a gluttonous man and a drunkard ... sinners!' -## he is a gluttonous man ## +If you translated "The Son of Man" as "I, the Son of man," you can state this as an indirect statement and use the first person. AT: "you say that I am a gluttonous man and a drunkard ... sinners." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -"he is a greedy eater" or "he habitually eats too much food" +# he is a gluttonous man -## wisdom is justified by all of her children ## +"he is a greedy eater" or "he continually eats too much food" -This is probably a proverb that Jesus was applying to this situation, because the people who rejected both him and John were not being wise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/proverb]]) \ No newline at end of file +# a drunkard + +"a drunk" or "he continually drinks too much alcohol" + +# wisdom is justified by all her children + +This appears to be a proverb that Jesus applied to this situation, probably to teach that wise people would understand that the people should not have rejected Jesus and John. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/36.md b/luk/07/36.md index c32ccaf367..034e51becf 100644 --- a/luk/07/36.md +++ b/luk/07/36.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## Now a certain Pharisee ## +# Connecting Statement: -This is the beginning of a new account. +A Pharisee invites Jesus to eat at his house. -## reclined at the table to eat ## +# General Information: -"sat down at the table for the meal." It was the custom for a relaxed meal such as this dinner for men to eat while lying down comfortably around the table. +It was a custom in that time for onlookers to attend dinners without eating. -## who was a sinner ## +# Now one of the Pharisees + +The marks the beginning of a new part of the story and introduces the Pharisee into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# reclined at the table to eat + +"sat down at the table for the meal." It was the custom at a relaxed meal such as this dinner for men to eat while lying down comfortably around the table. + +# Behold, there was a woman + +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# who was a sinner "who lived a sinful lifestyle" or "who had a reputation for living a sinful life." She may have been a prostitute. -## And having found out ## - -This starts a very long sentence. It may be more natural in some languages to break it up into smaller sentences as in the UDB. - -## an alabaster flask ## +# an alabaster jar "a jar made of soft stone." Alabaster is a soft, white rock. People stored precious things in alabaster jars. -## of perfume ## +# of perfumed oil -"with perfume in it." The perfume was an oil that held good smells in it. People rubbed it on themselves or sprinkled their clothing with it in order to smell nice. +"with perfume in it." The oil had something in it that made it smell nice. People rubbed it on themselves or sprinkled their clothing with it in order to smell nice. -## with the hairs of her head ## +# with the hair of her head -"with her hair" \ No newline at end of file +"with her hair" + +# anointed them with perfumed oil + +"poured perfume on them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/39.md b/luk/07/39.md index acbf1a63a6..6669405f4d 100644 --- a/luk/07/39.md +++ b/luk/07/39.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## he thought to himself saying ## +# he thought to himself, saying "he said to himself" -## If Jesus were a prophet, then he would know ## +# If this man were a prophet, then he would know ... a sinner -The Pharisee thought that Jesus was not a prophet because he allowed the sinful woman to touch him. This could be translated as "Apparently Jesus is not a prophet. If he were, he would know." +The Pharisee thought that Jesus was not a prophet because he allowed the sinful woman to touch him. AT: "Apparently Jesus is not a prophet, because a prophet would know that this woman who is touching him is a sinner" -## Simon ## +# is a sinner + +Simon wrongly assumed that a prophet would never allow a sinner to touch him. This fact could be added. AT: "is a sinner and would not allow her to touch him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Simon This was the name of the Pharisee who invited Jesus into his home. This was not Simon Peter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/41.md b/luk/07/41.md index 0734779fb5..e0fb60e015 100644 --- a/luk/07/41.md +++ b/luk/07/41.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -Jesus told Simon a story about people who are forgiven. +# General Information: -## There were two debtors to a certain lender ## +To emphasize what he is going to tell Simon the Pharisee, Jesus tells him a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -"a certain lender had two debtors" +# A certain moneylender had two debtors -## five hundred denarii ## +"Two men owed money to a certain moneylender" -"500 day's wages." "Denarii" is the plural of "denarius." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# five hundred denarii -## fifty denarii ## +"500 days' wages." "Denarii" is the plural of "denarius." A "denarius" was a silver coin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -"50 day's wages" +# fifty -## Since they had no money to pay ## +"50 days' wages" -"When they did not have money to pay it back" - -## he forgave them both ## +# he forgave them both "he forgave their debts" or "he canceled their debts" -## I suppose ## +# I suppose -Simon was cautious about his answer. It could be translated as "Probably." +Simon was cautious about his answer. AT: "Probably" -## You have judged correctly ## +# You have judged correctly "You are right" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/44.md b/luk/07/44.md index 561ea0789a..111d720f9a 100644 --- a/luk/07/44.md +++ b/luk/07/44.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## And having turned to the woman ## +# Jesus turned to the woman -"facing the woman." Jesus directed Simon's attention to the woman by turning to her. +Jesus directed Simon's attention to the woman by turning to her. -## water for my feet … a kiss ## +# You gave me no water for my feet -These were ways of showing of basic courtesy to an invited guest. Jesus is contrasting Simon's lack of courtesy with the woman's extreme actions of gratitude. +It was a basic responsibility of a host to provide water and a towel for guests to wash and dry their feet after walking on dusty roads. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## did not stop kissing my feet ## +# You ... but she -This could be expressed positively as "has continued to kiss my feet." \ No newline at end of file +Jesus twice uses these phrases to contrast Simon's lack of courtesy with the woman's extreme actions of gratitude. + +# she has wet my feet with her tears + +The woman used her tears in place of the missing water. + +# wiped them with her hair + +The woman used her hair in place of the missing towel. + +# You did not give me a kiss + +A good host in that culture would greet his guest with a kiss on the cheek. Simon did not do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# did not stop kissing my feet + +"has continued to kiss my feet" + +# kissing my feet + +The woman kissed the feet of Jesus rather than his cheek as a sign of extreme repentance and humility. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/46.md b/luk/07/46.md index 1b48b32ce9..588826c3c0 100644 --- a/luk/07/46.md +++ b/luk/07/46.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to Simon. +# You did not ... but she -## anoint my head with oil ## +Jesus continues to contrast Simon's poor hospitality with the actions of the woman. -"put oil on my head." This was a way of welcoming an honored guest. It could be translated as "welcome me by anointing my head with oil." +# anoint my head with oil -## anointed my feet ## +"put oil on my head." This was the custom to welcome an honored guest. AT: "welcome me by anointing my head with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Though this was probably not a common practice, the woman greatly honored Jesus by doing this. +# anointed my feet -## has been forgiven much ## +The woman greatly honored Jesus by doing this. She demonstrated humility by anointing his feet instead of his head. -This can also be translated in the active voice with "who has received much forgiveness" or "whom God has forgiven much." +# I say to you -## has also loved much ## +This emphasizes the importance of the statement that follows. -"has also loved much the one who forgave her" or "has also love God much." Some languages require that the object of "love" be stated. +# her sins, which were many, have been forgiven -## He who is being forgiven only a little ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has forgiven her many sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"He who is forgiven little" or "Anyone who is forgiven little." In this sentence Jesus states a general principle. However, Simon was expected to understand that Jesus was saying that Simon had loved little. \ No newline at end of file +# for she loved much + +Her love was the evidence that her sins were forgiven. Some languages require that the object of "love" be stated. AT: "for she greatly loves the one who forgave her" or "for she loves God very much" + +# the one who is forgiven little + +"anyone who is forgiven only a few things." In this sentence Jesus states a general principle. However, he expected Simon to understand that he showed very little love for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/48.md b/luk/07/48.md index 6ad124b459..99db72aca6 100644 --- a/luk/07/48.md +++ b/luk/07/48.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Your sins are forgiven ## +# Then he said to her -"You are forgiven." It can also be expressed with an active verb: "I forgive your sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Then he said to the woman" -## Your faith has saved you ## +# Your sins are forgiven -"Because of your faith, you are saved." The idea of "faith" can be translated with a verb: "Because you believe, you are saved." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"You are forgiven." This can be stated in active form. AT: "I forgive your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## go in peace ## +# reclining together -This is a way of saying "good-bye" and giving a blessing at the same time. It can be translated as "As you go, do not worry anymore" or "May God give you peace as you go" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +"reclining together around the table" or "eating together" + +# Who is this that even forgives sins? + +The religious leaders knew that only God could forgive sin, and did not believe that Jesus was God. This question was probably intended to be an accusation. AT: "Who does this man think he is? Only God can forgive sin!" or "Why is this man pretending to be God who can forgive sin?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Your faith has saved you + +"Because of your faith, you are saved." The abstract noun "faith" could be stated as an action. AT: "Because you believe, you are saved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Go in peace + +This is a way of saying good-bye while giving a blessing at the same time. AT: "As you go, do not worry anymore" or "May God give you peace as you go" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/07/intro.md b/luk/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2a8c20ab37 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Luke 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 7:27, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +There are times in the narrative of this chapter where there is an abrupt change in topic. The translator should not feel the need to smooth these rough transitions. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Centurion ##### +This situation would have been very unusual in ancient Israel. It would not have been common for a Roman soldier to go to an Israelite for anything. They would have been insignificant to the Romans and they would not have sought healing from a Jew. It would also have been unusual for a wealthy man to be so concerned for his slave. It is a great display of faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### John's Baptism ##### +The baptism John performed was different than the baptism that the church practices. John's baptism was meant to signal that those receiving had repented of their sin. This is why the Pharisees did not participate in John's baptism. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]). + +##### "Sinners" ##### +Luke refers to a group of people as "sinners." The Jewish leaders considered these people to be hopelessly ignorant of the Law of Moses, and so called them "sinners." In reality, the leaders were sinful. This situation can be taken as irony. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +##### "Feet" ##### +Feet were considered to be very dirty in the Ancient Near East. It would have been a very humble act for this woman to wash Jesus' feet and was a way to show honor to Jesus. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Son of Man ##### +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. Referring to oneself in the third person may not be possible in all languages. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/01.md b/luk/08/01.md index 1391ae075c..7f504da745 100644 --- a/luk/08/01.md +++ b/luk/08/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## And it happened ## +# General Information: -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +These verses give background information about Jesus' preaching while traveling. -## who had been healed of evil spirits and diseases ## +# It happened -This could be translated with active verbs: "whom Jesus had set free from evil spirits and healed of diseases." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This phrase is used here to mark a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Mary … and many other women ## +# who had been healed of evil spirits and diseases -Three of the women were named: Mary, Joanna, and Susanna. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Jesus had set free from evil spirits and healed of diseases" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Joanna the wife of Chuza, Herod’s manager ## +# Mary ... Susanna -This could also be translated as "Joanna, the wife of Herod's manager, Chuza." Joanna was Chuza's wife, and Chuza was Herod's manager. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Three of the women are listed: Mary, Joanna, and Susanna. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# seven demons had been driven out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus had driven out seven demons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Joanna, the wife of Chuza, Herod's manager + +Joanna was Chuza's wife, and Chuza was Herod's manager. "Joanna, the wife of Herod's manager, Chuza" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# provided for their needs + +"financially supported Jesus and his twelve disciples" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/04.md b/luk/08/04.md index 6c36bb4265..5a58c79250 100644 --- a/luk/08/04.md +++ b/luk/08/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## A sower went out to sow some seeds ## +# General Information: -This can be translated as “A farmer went out to scatter some seeds in a field.” +Jesus tells the parable of the soils to the crowd. He explains its meaning to his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## wayside ## +# coming to him -"road" or "path." The ground would have been hard from the people walking on it. +"coming to Jesus" -## they were trampled underfoot ## +# A farmer went out to sow his seed -This can be translated as "They were stepped on too often for them to grow" or with an active verb as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"A farmer went out to scatter some seeds in a field" -## devoured them ## +# some fell -"ate them all" +"some of the seed fell" or "some of the seeds fell" -## they withered ## +# it was trampled underfoot + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people walked on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# birds of the sky + +This idiom can be translated simply as "birds" or as "birds flew down and" to keep the sense of "sky." + +# devoured it + +"ate it all" + +# it withered away "the plants became dry and shriveled up" -## they had no moisture ## +# it had no moisture -This could be translated as "the ground was too dry." \ No newline at end of file +"they were too dry." The cause can also be stated. AT: "the ground was too dry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/07.md b/luk/08/07.md index eaededa822..1a9336e280 100644 --- a/luk/08/07.md +++ b/luk/08/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# Connecting Statement: -## choked them ## +Jesus finishes telling the parable to the crowd. + +# choked it The thorn plants took all the nutrients, water, and sunlight, so the farmer's plants could not grow well. -## produced a crop ## +# produced a crop "grew a harvest" or "grew more seeds" -## Whoever has ears to hear, let him hear ## +# a hundred times greater -It may be more natural in some languages to use the second person: "You who have ears to hear, hear." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +This means a hundred times more than the seeds that were sown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Whoever has ears to hear ## +# Whoever has ears to hear, let him hear -"Whoever can hear" or "Whoever hears me" +It may be more natural in some languages to use the second person: "You who have ears to hear, hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## let him hear ## +# Whoever has ears to hear -"let him listen well" or "let him pay attention to what I say" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "Everyone" since everyone has ears or 2) "Whoever has the ability to understand" which refers to those who are willing to listen to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let him hear + +"he should listen well" or "he should pay attention to what I say" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/09.md b/luk/08/09.md index a5c06f4e82..cefefe2893 100644 --- a/luk/08/09.md +++ b/luk/08/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## You have been given the privilege of understanding ## +# Connecting Statement: -This can be translated with an active verb and the implied information that God is the giver. "God has given you the gift of understanding" or "God has made you able to understand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus begins to speak to his disciples. -## the mysteries of the kingdom of God ## +# The knowledge of ... God has been given to you -These are truths that had been kept hidden but Jesus was revealing them. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has given to you the knowledge of ... God" or "God has made you able to understand ... God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## seeing they will not really see ## +# the secrets of the kingdom of God -"though they see, they will not perceive." If the verbs require an object, this could be translated as "though they see things, they will not understand them" or "though they see things happen, they will not understand what they mean." (See: the section about Verbs and Objects on [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-verbs]]) +These are truths that had been hidden, but Jesus was now revealing them. -## hearing they will not really understand ## +# for others -"though they hear, they will not understand." If the verbs require an object it could be translated as "though they hear instruction, they will not understand the truth." (See: the section about Verbs and Objects on [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-verbs]]) \ No newline at end of file +"for other people." This refers to the people who rejected the teaching of Jesus and did not follow him. + +# seeing they may not see + +"though they see, they will not perceive." This is a quote from the prophet Isaiah. Some languages may need to state the object of the verbs. AT: "though they see things, they will not understand them" or "though they see things happen, they will not understand what they mean" + +# hearing they may not understand + +"though they hear, they will not understand." This is a quote from the prophet Isaiah. Some languages may need to state the object of the verbs. AT: "though they hear instruction, they will not understand the truth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/11.md b/luk/08/11.md index 9808ae96f1..5c6c7b7db5 100644 --- a/luk/08/11.md +++ b/luk/08/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. He explains the meaning of the parable. +# Connecting Statement: -## the devil comes and takes away the word from their heart ## +Jesus begins to explain the meaning of the parable of the soils to his disciples. + +# The seed is the word of God + +"The seed represents the word of God" + +# The ones along the path are + +"the seeds that fell along the path." Jesus speaks of what happens to the seeds as if he were speaking about the seeds themselves. AT: "What happens to the seeds along the path" or "The part of the parable about the seeds that fell along the path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# are those who + +Jesus speaks of the seeds showing something about people as if the seeds were the people. AT: "show what happens to people who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the devil comes and takes away the word from their hearts This means that he causes them to forget the word of God that they have heard. -## takes away ## +# takes away In the parable this was a metaphor of a bird snatching away the seeds. Try to use words in your language that keep that image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## from their heart ## +# so they may not believe and be saved -This means the devil takes away their desire to believe the word of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Since this is the devil's purpose, it can be translated as: AT: "because the devil thinks, 'They must not believe and they must not be saved'" or "so they will not believe with the result that God saves them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## so that they might not believe and be saved ## +# The ones on the rock -This can be translated with an active verb: "so they might not believe with the result that God saves them." Since this is the devil's purpose, it can be translated as "because the devil thinks, 'They must not believe and they must not be saved.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"The seeds that fell on the rocky soil." Jesus speaks of what happens to the seeds as if he were speaking about the seeds themselves. AT: "What happens to the seeds on the rocky soil" or "The part of the parable about the seeds that fell on the rocky soil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## during the time of testing they fall away ## +# the rock -"when they experience hardship they fall away from the faith" or "when they experience hardship they stop believing" \ No newline at end of file +"the rocky soil" + +# in a time of testing + +"when they experience hardship" + +# they fall away + +This idiom means "they stop believing" or "they stop following Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/14.md b/luk/08/14.md index c9aa1e66f2..5554a2600c 100644 --- a/luk/08/14.md +++ b/luk/08/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -Jesus continues to explain the meaning of the parable. +# The seeds that fell among the thorns -## they become choked with the cares… ## +Jesus speaks of what happens to the seeds as if he were speaking about the seeds themselves. AT: "What happens to the seeds that fell among the thorns" or "The part of the parable about the seeds that fell among the thorns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"the cares and riches and pleasures of this life choke them" or "as weeds prevent good plants from growing, the cares, riches, and pleasures of this life keep these people from becoming mature" (See: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# are people who -## cares ## +Jesus speaks of the seeds showing something about people as if the seeds were the people. AT: "show what happens to people who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they are choked ... pleasures of this life + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the cares and riches and pleasures of this life choke them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cares "the things that people worry about" -## pleasures of this life ## +# pleasures of this life "the things in this life that people enjoy" -## so they bring no fruit to maturity ## +# they are choked by ... pleasures of this life -"they do not bear ripe fruit." This metaphor can be translated as a simile: "so like a plant that does not become mature and bear fruit, they do not become mature and produce good works." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This metaphor refers to the way weeds cut off light and nutrients from plants and keep them from growing. AT: "as weeds prevent good plants from growing, the cares, riches, and pleasures of this life keep these people from becoming mature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## produce fruit with perseverance ## +# their fruit does not mature -"produce fruit by persevering." This metaphor can be translated as a simile: "like healthy plants that produce good fruit, they produce good works by persevering." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"they do not bear ripe fruit." Mature fruit is a metaphor for good works. AT: "so like a plant does not produce mature fruit, they do not produce good works" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the seed that fell on the good soil + +Jesus speaks of what happens to the seeds as if he were speaking about the seeds themselves. AT: "What happens to the seeds that fell on the good soil" or "The part of the parable about the seeds that fell on the good soil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# are the ones who + +Jesus speaks of the seeds showing something about people as if the seeds were the people. AT: "show what happens to people who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bear fruit with patient endurance + +"produce fruit by enduring patiently" or "produce fruit by continued effort." Fruit is a metaphor for good works. AT: "like healthy plants that produce good fruit, they produce good works by persevering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/16.md b/luk/08/16.md index c8229ca219..d5ce3f1a01 100644 --- a/luk/08/16.md +++ b/luk/08/16.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to speak to his disciples. +# Connecting Statement: -## a lampstand ## +Jesus continues with another parable then he finishes speaking to his disciples as he emphasizes the role of his family in his work. -"a table" or "a shelf" +# Now, no one -## For nothing is hidden, that will not be made known ## +This marks the beginning of another parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -This can be translated positively as "Everything that is hidden will be made known." +# nothing is hidden that will not be made known -## nor anything secret, that will not be known and come into the light ## +This double-negative can be written as a positive statement. AT: "everything that is hidden will be made known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -This can be translated as "and everything that is secret will be known and come into the light." +# nor is anything secret that will not be known and come into the light -## how you listen ## +This double-negative can be written as a positive statement. AT: "and everything that is secret will be made known and will come into the light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -This could also be translated as "how you listen to what I tell you" or "how you listen to God's word." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# to the one who has, more will be given to him -## whoever has ## +It is clear from the context that Jesus is talking about understanding and believing. This can be stated clearly and changed to active form. AT: "whoever has understanding will be given more understanding" or "God will enable those who believe the truth to understand even more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This could be also be translated as "whoever has understanding" or "whoever receives what I teach." +# the one who does not have ... will be taken away from him -## to him will be given more ## - -"more will be given to him." This can be translated with an active verb: "God will give him more." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## whoever has not ## - -This can be translated as "whoever does not have understanding" or "whoever does not receive what I teach." \ No newline at end of file +It is clear from the context that Jesus is talking about understanding and believing. This can be stated clearly and changed to active form. AT: "But whoever does not have understanding will lose even what understanding he thinks he has" or "But God will cause those who do not believe the truth not to understand even the little that they think they have understood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/19.md b/luk/08/19.md index 2015add661..4e3c0bf048 100644 --- a/luk/08/19.md +++ b/luk/08/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## brothers ## +# brothers -These were Jesus' younger brothers. +These were Jesus' younger brothers—the other sons of Mary and Joseph who were born after Jesus. Since the Father of Jesus was God, and their father was Joseph, they were technically his half-brothers. This detail is not normally translated. -## it was told him ## +# He was told -"people told him" or "someone told him" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People told him" or "Someone told him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## desiring to see you ## +# wanting to see you -"waiting to see you" or "and they want to see you" +"and they want to see you" -## My mother and my brothers are those who hear the word of God, and obey it. ## +# My mother and my brothers are those who hear the word of God and do it -This metaphor can be translated as a simile: "Those who hear the word of God and obey it are like a mother and brothers to me" or "Those who hear the word of God and obey it are as important to me as my mother and brothers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This metaphor expresses that the people who were coming to listen to Jesus were as important to him as his own family was. AT: "Those who hear the word of God and obey it are like a mother and brothers to me" or "Those who hear the word of God and obey it are as important to me as my mother and brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/22.md b/luk/08/22.md index db68839c94..bdf67db50c 100644 --- a/luk/08/22.md +++ b/luk/08/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Now it happened ## +# Connecting Statement: -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +Jesus and his disciples then use a boat to cross Lake Genneseret. The disciples learn more about Jesus' power through the storm that arises. -## the lake ## +# the lake -This is lake of Genneseret which is also called the Sea of Galilee. +This is the lake of Genneseret which is also called the Sea of Galilee. -## as they sailed ## +# They set sail + +This expression means they began to travel across the lake in their sailboat. + +# as they sailed "as they went" -## fell asleep ## +# fell asleep "slept" -## a storm of very strong winds came up ## +# A terrible windstorm came down -"very strong winds suddenly began to blow" \ No newline at end of file +"a storm of very strong winds began" or "very strong winds suddenly began to blow" + +# their boat was filling with water + +The strong winds caused high waves which pushed water over the sides of the boat. This can be stated clearly. AT: "the winds caused high waves that started to fill up their boat with water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/24.md b/luk/08/24.md index 5317091615..27ecca6795 100644 --- a/luk/08/24.md +++ b/luk/08/24.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Master ## - -The Greek word that is translated here as “Master” is a not the normal word for “Master.” This one refers to someone who has authority, and not to someone who owns someone else. You could also translate it as "Boss" or "Foreman" or with a word that is commonly used to address a person in authority, such as “Sir.” - -## rebuked ## +# rebuked "spoke sharply to" -## they ceased ## +# the raging of the water -"the wind and the waves stopped" +"the violent waves" -## Where is your faith? ## +# they ceased -This is a rhetorical question. Jesus was rebuking them mildly because they did not trust him to take care of them. It can be translated as "You should have had faith" or "You should have trusted me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"the wind and the waves stopped" or "they became still" -## Who is this ## +# Where is your faith? -This can be translated as "What kind of man is this." +Jesus was rebuking them mildly because they did not trust him to take care of them. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should have had faith!" or "You should have trusted me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## that he commands ## +# Who then is this ... obey him? -This can be the beginning of a new sentence: "He commands." \ No newline at end of file +"What kind of man is this ... obey him?" This question expresses the shock and confusion over how Jesus was able to control the storm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# that he commands + +This can be the beginning of a new sentence: "He commands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/26.md b/luk/08/26.md index 36d8ec0e23..fbd4b1a10c 100644 --- a/luk/08/26.md +++ b/luk/08/26.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## region of the Gerasenes ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus and his disciples come ashore at Gerasa where Jesus removes many demons from a man. + +# region of the Gerasenes Gerasenes were people from the city called Gerasa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## opposite Galilee ## +# across the lake from Galilee -"on the other side of the lack from Galilee" +"on the other side of the lake from Galilee" -## a certain man from the city ## +# a certain man from the city "a man from the city of Gerasa" -## had demons ## +# a certain man from the city who had demons -"he was controlled by demons" +The man had demons; it was not the city that had demons. AT: "a certain man from the city, and this man had demons" -## he had worn no clothes ## +# who had demons + +"who was controlled by demons" or "whom demons controlled" + +# For a long time he had worn no clothes ... but among the tombs + +This is background information about the man who had demons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# he had worn no clothes "he had not worn clothes" -## tombs ## +# tombs -These are places where people put dead bodies, possibly caves. The fact that the man was living in them indicates that these were not holes dug down in the ground. \ No newline at end of file +These are places where people put dead bodies, possibly caves or small buildings that the man could use for shelter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/28.md b/luk/08/28.md index 5b68bc099b..18bea5e137 100644 --- a/luk/08/28.md +++ b/luk/08/28.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## When he saw Jesus ## +# When he saw Jesus "When the man who had the demon saw Jesus" -## he cried out ## +# he cried out "he screamed" or "he shrieked" -## fell down before him ## +# fell down before him -“lay down on the ground before Jesus.” He did not fall accidentally. He did this because he was afraid of Jesus. +"lay down on the ground before Jesus." He did not fall accidentally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## with a loud voice said ## +# he said with a loud voice -"he said loudly" or "he shouted out" +"He said loudly" or "He shouted out" -## What do I have to do with you ## +# What have you to do with me -This can be translated as "Why are you bothering me." +This idiom means "Why are you bothering me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## many times it had seized him ## +# Son of the Most High God -"many times it had captured the man." It can be translated as "many times it had gone into him." This and the next sentence tell about what the demon had done many times before Jesus went to the man. +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## even though he was bound with chains and shackles, and kept under guard ## +# many times it had seized him -This can be translated with active verbs: "even though the people had bound the man with chains and shackles and guarded him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"many times it had taken control of the man" or "many times it had gone into him." This tells about what the demon had done many times before Jesus met the man. + +# hough he was bound ... and kept under guard + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "though the people had bound him with chains and shackles and guarded him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be driven by the demon + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the demon would make him go out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/30.md b/luk/08/30.md index fdfac12010..4f2d2a350c 100644 --- a/luk/08/30.md +++ b/luk/08/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Army ## +# Legion -Translate this with a word that refers to a large number of soldiers or people. It could also be translated as "Battalion" or "Brigade." +Translate this with a word that refers to a large number of soldiers or people. Some other translations say "Army." AT: "Battalion" or "Brigade" -## to depart into the abyss ## +# kept begging him -"to leave the man and go into the abyss" \ No newline at end of file +"kept begging Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/32.md b/luk/08/32.md index 63d25711c0..15f70de615 100644 --- a/luk/08/32.md +++ b/luk/08/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## a herd of many pigs was there feeding on the hill ## +# Now a large herd of pigs was there feeding on the hillside -"a herd of many pigs was nearby eating grass on a hill" +This is supplied as background information to introduce the pigs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## rushed ## +# was there feeding on the hillside + +"was nearby eating grass on a hill" + +# So the demons came out + +The word "so" is used here to explain that the reason the demons came of out the man was because Jesus had told them that they could go into the pigs. + +# rushed "ran very fast" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/34.md b/luk/08/34.md index 1c1c84a3d2..4be9191ec5 100644 --- a/luk/08/34.md +++ b/luk/08/34.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## they fled ## - -"they quickly ran away" - -## found the man from whom the demons had gone out ## +# found the man from whom the demons had gone out "saw the man whom the demons had left" -## He was clothed ## +# in his right mind -"He was wearing clothes" +"sane" or "behaving normally" -## in his right mind ## +# sitting at the feet of Jesus -"he was sane" or "he was behaving normally" +"sitting at the feet" is an idiom that means "sitting humbly nearby" or "sitting in front of." AT: "sitting on the ground in front of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## sitting at the feet of Jesus ## +# they were afraid -This can also be translated as "sitting on the ground, listening to Jesus." - -## they were afraid ## - -"they were afraid of Jesus" \ No newline at end of file +It may be helpful to state explicitly that they were afraid of Jesus. AT: "they were afraid of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/36.md b/luk/08/36.md index b75a86b295..a7e35ee097 100644 --- a/luk/08/36.md +++ b/luk/08/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the ones who had seen what had happened told ## +# those who had seen it -These were the people who had been with the man when Jesus made the demons leave him. +"those who had seen what had happened" -## had been saved ## +# the man who had been possessed by demons had been healed -"had been rescued" or "had been set free" or "had been healed" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus had healed the man whom demons had possessed" or "Jesus had healed the man whom demons had controlled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## region of the Gerasenes ## +# the region of the Gerasenes -"that area" or "the area where the Gerasene people lived" +"that area of the Gerasenes" or "the area where the Gerasene people lived" -## gripped with great fear ## +# they were overwhelmed with great fear -"had become very fearful" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they became very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# start back + +The destination can be stated. AT: "go back across the lake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/38.md b/luk/08/38.md index 1716a91549..d16473699c 100644 --- a/luk/08/38.md +++ b/luk/08/38.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## But the man ## +# The man -Some may need to start this with "But before Jesus and his disciples left, the man" or "Before Jesus and his disciples set sail, the man." +The events in these verses happened before Jesus left in the boat. It may be helpful to state this clearly at the beginning. AT: "Before Jesus and his disciples left, the man" or "Before Jesus and his disciples set sail, the man" -## he sent him away ## +# your home -"Jesus sent the man away" +"your household" or "your family" -## your house ## +# give a full account of what God has done for you -"your household" or "your family" \ No newline at end of file +"and tell them everything about what God has done for you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/40.md b/luk/08/40.md index 2cbe9f6b77..f5e3b0a1c6 100644 --- a/luk/08/40.md +++ b/luk/08/40.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## the crowd welcomed him ## +# Connecting Statement: -This could be translated as "the crowd joyfully greeted him." +When Jesus and his disciples return to Galilee on the other side of the lake, he heals the 12 year old daughter of the ruler of the synagogue as well as a woman who has been bleeding for 12 years. -## And behold, there came a man named Jairus ## +# General Information: -The word "behold" alerts us to Jairus as a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a man who was named Jairus.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These verses give background information about Jairus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## one of the leaders of the synagogue ## +# the crowd welcomed him -"one of the leaders at the local synagogue" or "a leader of the people who met at the synagogue in that area" +"the crowd joyfully greeted him" -## fell down at Jesus' feet ## +# one of the leaders of the synagogue -1) “bowed down at Jesus feet” or 2) “lay down on the ground at Jesus feet.” Jairus did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. +"one of the leaders at the local synagogue" or "a leader of the people who met at the synagogue in that city" -## she was dying ## +# fell down at Jesus' feet -"she was about to die" or "she was near death" +Possible meanings are 1) "bowed down at Jesus feet" or 2) "lay down on the ground at Jesus feet." Jairus did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## But as he was going ## +# was dying -Some translators may need to first say "So Jesus agreed to go with the man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"was about to die" -## the crowds of people were pressing against him ## +# As Jesus was on his way -"the people were crowding tightly around Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Some translators may need to first say that Jesus had agreed to go with Jairus. AT: "So Jesus agreed to go with him. As he was on his way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the crowds of people pressed together around him + +"the people were crowding tightly around Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/43.md b/luk/08/43.md index 67c59852e3..36609268be 100644 --- a/luk/08/43.md +++ b/luk/08/43.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -This event happens on the way to heal Jairus' daughter. +# a woman was there -## had been bleeding ## +This introduces a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# had been bleeding "had a flow of blood." She was probably bleeding from her womb even when it was not the normal time for it. Some cultures may have a polite way of referring to this condition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## but could not be healed by any of them ## +# and could not be healed by anyone -"but none of them could cure her" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but no one could heal her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## touched the border of his garment ## +# touched the edge of his coat -"touched the fringe of his robe." Jewish men wore tassels on the edges of their robes as a part of their ceremonial dress, as commanded in God's Law. This is likely what she touched. \ No newline at end of file +"touched the fringe of his robe." Jewish men wore tassels on the edges of their robes as a part of their ceremonial dress as commanded in God's Law. This is likely what she touched. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/45.md b/luk/08/45.md index 6a4962d752..e9d2a8c471 100644 --- a/luk/08/45.md +++ b/luk/08/45.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -Jesus is still on the way to heal Jairus' daughter. +# the crowds of people ... are pressing in against you -## Master ## +By saying this, Peter was implying that anyone could have touched Jesus. This implicit information can be made explicit if necessary. AT: "there are many people crowding around you and pressing in against you, so any one of them might have touched you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -The word that is translated here as “Master” is a not the normal word for “Master.” This one refers to someone who has authority, and not to someone who owns someone else. You could also translate it as "Boss" or "Foreman" or with a word that is commonly used to address a person in authority, such as “Sir.” +# Someone did touch me -## the crowds of people are pressing in on you and crowding you ## +It may be helpful to distinguish this intentional "touch" from the accidental touches of the crowd. AT: "I know that someone deliberately touched me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -By saying this, Peter was implying that anyone could have touched Jesus. This implicit information can be made explicit if necessary as in the UDB. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# I know that power has gone out from me -## I knew that power was going out from me ## - -"I felt healing power go out from me." Jesus did not lose power or become weak, but his power healed the woman. \ No newline at end of file +Jesus did not lose power or become weak, but his power healed the woman. AT: "I know that healing power went out from me" or "I felt my power heal someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/47.md b/luk/08/47.md index 97da542fc8..3eb028c9ef 100644 --- a/luk/08/47.md +++ b/luk/08/47.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to speak to the woman while on his way to heal Jairus' daughter. +# that she could not escape notice -## that she could not hide what she had done ## +"that she could not keep secret what she had done." It may be helpful to state what she did. AT: "that she could not keep it a secret that she was the one who had touched Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -"that she could not keep it a secret that she was the one who had touched Jesus" - -## she came trembling ## +# she came trembling "she came trembling with fear" -## in the presence ## +# falling down before him -"in the sight of" or "in the hearing of" or "before" +Possible meanings are 1) "She bowed down in front of Jesus" or 2) "She lay down on the ground at Jesus' feet." She did not fall accidentally. This was a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. -## falling down before Jesus ## +# in the presence of -Possible meanings are 1) “she bowed down in front of Jesus” or 2) “she lay down on the ground at Jesus feet.” She did not fall accidentally. She did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. +"in the sight of" or "among" -## Daughter ## +# Daughter This was a kind way of speaking to a woman. Your language may have another way of showing this kindness. -## your faith has healed you ## +# your faith has made you well -"because of your faith you have become well." The idea of “faith” can be translated with a verb: “Because you believe, you are healed.” +"because of your faith, you have become well." The abstract noun "faith" could be stated as an action. AT: "because you believe, you are healed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## go in peace ## +# Go in peace -This is a way of saying “goodbye” and giving a blessing at the same time. It can be translated as “As you go, do not worry anymore” or “May God give you peace as you go” (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +This idiom is a way of saying, "Goodbye" and giving a blessing at the same time. AT: "As you go, do not worry anymore" or "May God give you peace as you go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/49.md b/luk/08/49.md index d0164fbca9..ba98877ae6 100644 --- a/luk/08/49.md +++ b/luk/08/49.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -A messenger arrives from Jairus' house as Jesus finishes speaking to the woman that he healed. - -## while he was still speaking ## +# While he was still speaking "While Jesus was still speaking to the woman" -## synagogue leader ## +# synagogue leader -This refers to Jairus. He was one of the leaders at the local synagogue. +This refers to Jairus. (See: [Luke 8:41](./40.md)) -## he answered him ## +# Do not trouble the teacher -"Jesus answered Jairus." Jesus was speaking to the synagogue ruler, and not to the messenger. +This statement implies that Jesus will not be able to do anything to help now that the girl is dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## she will be saved ## +# the teacher -"she will well" or "she will live again" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Jesus. + +# she will be healed + +"she will be well" or "she will live again" . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/51.md b/luk/08/51.md index 581259cbfb..922ebfc7fa 100644 --- a/luk/08/51.md +++ b/luk/08/51.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continued on to Jairus' house despite hearing that his daughter was dead. +# When he came to the house -## Then when he came to the house, he ## +"When they came to the house." Jesus went their with Jairus. Also some of Jesus' disciples went with them. -Because Jesus did not go alone to the house, it can be translated as "Then when they came to the house, Jesus." +# he allowed no one ... except Peter and John and James, and the father of the child and her mother -## except Peter, John and James, and the father of the girl and her mother ## +This could be stated positively. AT: "Jesus allowed only Peter, John, and James, and the girl's father and mother to go inside with him" -"He only allowed Peter, John and James, and the girl's father and mother to go inside" +# the father of the child -## all the people there were mourning and wailing for her ## +This refers to Jairus. -"all the people were showing how sad they were and crying loudly because the girl had died" \ No newline at end of file +# all were mourning and wailing for her + +This was the normal way of showing grief in that culture. AT: "all the people there were showing how sad they were and crying loudly because the girl had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# knowing that she was dead + +"because they knew the girl was dead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/54.md b/luk/08/54.md index 387f7ebc70..547d13ca71 100644 --- a/luk/08/54.md +++ b/luk/08/54.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Child, arise ## +# he took her by the hand -"Little girl, get up" +"Jesus took hold of the girl's hand" -## her spirit returned ## +# Her spirit returned -The word "spirit" can also be translated as "breath" or "life." The phrase can be translated as "She came back to life" or "she became alive again." \ No newline at end of file +"Her spirit returned to her body." The Jews understood that life was the result of the spirit coming into a person. AT: "She came back to life" or "She became alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# spirit + +"breath" or "life" + +# to tell no one + +This could be stated differently. AT: "not to tell anyone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/08/intro.md b/luk/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..97e183b362 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Luke 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +There are times in the narrative of this chapter where there is an abrupt change in topic. The translator should not feel the need to smooth these rough transitions. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Miracles ##### + +Jesus' miracles in this chapter appear to indicate that he had authority over things beyond human control. They also show that worship of Jesus is the proper response to his deeds. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/authority]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Parables ##### + +A parable is a short story used to illustrate a moral or religious lesson. This chapter has an extended parable, revealing truth to those who have faith in Jesus. They also conceal these same truths from those who reject Jesus. Parables usually take the form of stories. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Brother and Sisters ##### +This chapter introduces the concept of "spiritual" brothers and sisters. Scripture often uses these terms to refer to the relationship between fellow Israelites. Here, those who follow Jesus are now referred to as brothers and sisters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/brother]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/01.md b/luk/09/01.md index 12eb156c62..5f3240f041 100644 --- a/luk/09/01.md +++ b/luk/09/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## power and authority ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus reminds his disciples not to depend on money and their things, gives them power, and then sends them out to various places. + +# power and authority These two terms are used together to show that the twelve had both the ability and the right to heal people. Translate this phrase with a combination of words that include both of these ideas. -## diseases ## +# all the demons -"sicknesses." This refers to what makes a person sick. +Possible meanings are 1) "every demon" or 2) "every kind of demon." -## sent them out ## +# diseases -This could be translated as "sent them to various places" or "told them to go." \ No newline at end of file +"sicknesses" + +# sent them out + +"sent them to various places" or "told them to go" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/03.md b/luk/09/03.md index 83997437d5..2025d37b0f 100644 --- a/luk/09/03.md +++ b/luk/09/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## He said to them ## +# He said to them -"Jesus said to the twelve" +"Jesus said to the twelve." It may be helpful to state that this happened before they went out. AT: "Before they left, Jesus said to them" -## Take nothing ## +# Take nothing -This could be translated as "Do not take anything with you" or "Do not bring anything with you." +"Do not take anything with you" or "Do not bring anything with you" -## for your journey ## +# for your journey "for your trip" or "when you travel." They are to take nothing for their entire trip, as they move from village to village, and until they come back to Jesus. -## staff ## +# staff "rod" or "walking stick." A staff was a large stick that was a used for balance when climbing or on uneven ground. It could also be used for defense against attackers. -## whatever house you enter into ## +# wallet -"any house you enter" +a bag a traveler uses for carrying what he needs on a journey -## stay there ## +# bread + +This is here used as a general reference to "food." + +# Whatever house you enter + +"Any house you enter" + +# stay there "remain there" or "temporarily live in that house as a guest" -## from that place ## +# until you leave -"from that town" or "from that area" \ No newline at end of file +"until you leave that town" or "until you leave that place" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/05.md b/luk/09/05.md index eb149d9588..a0d7d308cd 100644 --- a/luk/09/05.md +++ b/luk/09/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to give directions to his twelve apostles. +# Wherever they do not receive you -## as for those who do not receive you ## +"Here is what you should do in places where people who do not receive you" -This can be translated as "here is what you should do about the people who do not receive you." +# shake off the dust from your feet as a testimony against them -## they departed ## +To "shake off the dust from your feet" was an expression of strong rejection in that culture. It showed they did not want even the dust of that town to remain on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# they departed "they left the place were Jesus was" -## everywhere ## +# everywhere "everywhere they went" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/07.md b/luk/09/07.md index 02200ca0f3..534e70aa3f 100644 --- a/luk/09/07.md +++ b/luk/09/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Herod, the tetrarch ## +# General Information: + +These verses interrupt to give information about Herod. + +# Now Herod + +This phrase marks a break in the main storyline. Here Luke tells background information about Herod. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Herod the tetrarch This refers to Herod Antipas, who was the ruler of one-fourth of Israel. -## was very disturbed ## +# perplexed -"was very upset" or "was troubled by the news" or "was perplexed" (UDB) +"confused" -## I beheaded John ## +# it was said by some ... and it was said ... and still others -This could be translated as "I commanded my soldiers to cut off John's head." \ No newline at end of file +These phrases can be stated in active form. AT: "some people said ... and others said ... and others said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I beheaded John, but who is this + +Herod assumed that it was impossible for John to rise from the dead. This can be stated clearly. AT: "It cannot be John because I had his head cut off. So who is this man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I beheaded John + +Herod's soldiers would have carried out executions. AT: "I commanded my soldiers to cut off John's head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/10.md b/luk/09/10.md index b27177e722..c8c5313211 100644 --- a/luk/09/10.md +++ b/luk/09/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## the ones who had been sent out ## +# Connecting Statement: -"the twelve apostles that Jesus had sent out" +Though the disciples return to Jesus and they go to Bethsaida to spend time together, the crowds follow Jesus for healing and to listen to his teaching. He multiplies bread and fish to help them as they return home. -## returned ## +# returned "came back to where Jesus was" -## they told him ## - -"the apostles told Jesus" - -## everything they had done ## +# everything they had done This refers to the teaching and healing that they did when they went to the other cities. -## And taking them with him, he went away by himself ## - -This could be translated as "He took them with him and they went by themselves." Jesus and his apostles went away by themselves. - -## Bethsaida ## +# Bethsaida This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/12.md b/luk/09/12.md index 69d2c0b8bd..a9ad4f6447 100644 --- a/luk/09/12.md +++ b/luk/09/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## The day began to come to an end ## +# the day was about to come to an end -"As the sun set" or "As the day ended" or "As evening came" +"the day was about to end" or it was near the end of the day" -## Dismiss the crowds ## +# five loaves of bread -"Tell the crowds to go away" +A loaf of bread is a lump of dough that is shaped and baked. -## unless we went and bought food ## +# unless we go and buy food -This could be translated as "unless we were to go and buy food" or "unless we go and buy food." Or you could start a new sentence, "If you want us to feed them, we would have to go and buy food." +If "unless" is difficult to understand in your language, you could make this a new sentence. AT: "In order to feed them all, we would have to go and buy food" -## about five thousand men ## +# about five thousand men "about 5,000 men." This number does not include the women and children who might have been present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Have them sit down ## +# Have them sit down "Tell them to sit down" -## fifty each ## +# fifty each "50 each" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/15.md b/luk/09/15.md index a23de39cbb..c09abfed39 100644 --- a/luk/09/15.md +++ b/luk/09/15.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## So they did that ## +# So they did this -The disciples had the crowd sit down in groups of fifty people. +"This" refers to what Jesus told them to do [Luke 9:14](./12.md). They told the people to sit down in groups of about fifty people. -## and he ## +# Taking the five loaves -This refers to Jesus. +"Jesus took the five loaves of bread" -## loaves ## +# up to heaven -These are specific amounts of baked bread. This could be translated as "whole breads." +This refers to looking up, toward the sky. The Jews believed that heaven was located above the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and looking ## +# he blessed them -"while looking" or "after looking" +This refers to the loaves of bread and the fish. -## up to heaven ## +# to set before -This refers to looking up, toward the sky. The Jews believed that heaven was located above the sky. +"to pass out to" or "to give to" -## to set before ## +# were satisfied -"to hand out to" or "to pass out to" or "to give to" +This idiom means they ate enough food so they were not hungry. AT: "they had as much as they wanted to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## were satisfied ## +# what was left over was picked up -This could be translated as "they had as much as they wanted to eat." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the disciples picked what was left over" or "the disciples picked up the pieces of food that remained" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/18.md b/luk/09/18.md index 77f453c751..a736d02cbd 100644 --- a/luk/09/18.md +++ b/luk/09/18.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## And it happened that ## +# Connecting Statement: -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +Jesus is praying, alone with his disciples, and they begin to talk about who Jesus is. Jesus tells them of his death and resurrection that will follow and urges them to follow him no matter what happens. -## as he was praying ## +# It came about -This refers to Jesus. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## praying alone ## +# praying by himself -The disciples were with Jesus, but he was praying personally and privately by himself. +"praying alone." The disciples were with Jesus, but he was praying personally and privately by himself. -## And answering, they said ## +# John the Baptist -"And they answered him by saying" +It may be helpful to restate part of the question here. AT: "Some say you are John the Baptist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## John the Baptist ## +# that one of the prophets from long ago has risen -Some languages may prefer to add "Some say you are John the Baptist." +It may be helpful to clarify how this answer relates to Jesus' question. AT: "that you are one of the prophets from long ago and have risen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## from ancient times ## - -"who lived a very long time ago" - -## has risen again ## +# has risen "has come back to life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/20.md b/luk/09/20.md index 813065de81..469622f0a1 100644 --- a/luk/09/20.md +++ b/luk/09/20.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## He said to them ## +# Then he said to them -"Jesus said to his disciples" +"Then Jesus said to his disciples" -## And answering, Peter said ## +# to tell this to no one -"And Peter answered and said" or "And Peter answered by saying" +"not to tell anyone" or "that they should not tell anyone." This could be stated as a direct quote. AT: "'Do not tell anyone'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## But warning them, Jesus instructed them ## +# The Son of Man must suffer many things -This can be translated as "But Jesus warned and instructed them" or "Then Jesus warned them strongly" (UDB). +"People will cause the Son of Man to suffer greatly" -## to tell this to no one ## +# The Son of Man ... and he will -"not to tell anyone" or "that they should not tell anyone." This is an indirect quote. Alternate translation: "But warning them, Jesus told them, 'Do not tell anyone.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +Jesus is referring to himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man ... and I will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## that the Son of Man must suffer many things ## +# be rejected by the elders and chief priests and scribes -This can be translated as "that people would cause the Son of Man to suffer greatly." Verse 22 can also be translated as a direct quote as it is in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the elders, chief priests, and scribes will reject him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## be raised back to life ## +# he will be killed -"be made alive again" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## on the third day ## +# on the third day -"three days after dying" or "on the third day after his death" \ No newline at end of file +"three days after he dies" or "on the third day after his death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# be raised + +"be made alive again." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will make him alive again" or "he will live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/23.md b/luk/09/23.md index 2b88c1e000..064dbc2786 100644 --- a/luk/09/23.md +++ b/luk/09/23.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## And he ## +# he said -This refers to Jesus. +"Jesus said" -## to them all ## +# to them all This refers to the disciples who were with Jesus. -## to come after me ## +# come after me -"to follow after me" or "to be my follower" or "to come with me as a disciple" +"follow me." Coming after Jesus represents being one of his disciples. AT: "be my disciple" or "be one of my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## deny himself ## +# must deny himself -This could be translated as "not give in to his own desires," or "forsake his own desires." +"must not give in to his own desires" or "must forsake his own desires" -## take up his cross daily ## +# take up his cross daily and follow me -"lift up his cross and carry it every day." This has the meaning of "be ready to suffer daily." +"carry his cross and follow me every day." The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. AT: "must obey me every day even to the point of suffering and dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## follow me ## +# follow me + +Following Jesus here represents obeying him. AT: "obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# follow me "go along with me" or "begin to follow me and keep on following me" -## what does it benefit a man ## +# What good is it ... forfeit himself? -This can be translated as "how does a person profit." This is part of a rhetorical question. It could also be translated as "It does not benefit a man" or "A man does not receive anything good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The implied answer to this question is that tit is not good. AT: "It will not benefit someone at all to gain the whole world, and yet lose himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## if he gains the whole world ## +# to gain the whole world -"if he gets everything in the world" +"to get everything in the world" -## loses or forfeits his own self ## +# lose or forfeit himself -This can be translated as "he himself is lost or destroyed." \ No newline at end of file +"ruin himself or give up his life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/26.md b/luk/09/26.md index fab76df212..37f8406693 100644 --- a/luk/09/26.md +++ b/luk/09/26.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues talking to his disciples. +# my words -## and my words ## +"what I say" or "what I teach" -"and what I say" or "and what I teach" +# of him will the Son of Man be ashamed -## of him will the Son of Man be ashamed ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Son of Man will also be ashamed of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This can be translated as "the Son of Man will also be ashamed of him." +# the Son of Man ... when he comes -## the Son of Man ## +Jesus was speaking about himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man ... when I come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -Jesus was speaking about himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man." +# the Father -## when he comes in his own glory ## +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -Jesus was speaking of himself in the third person. This could be translated in the first person as "when I come in my own glory." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +# But I say to you truly -## some of them who are standing here ## +Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the importance of what he will say next. -Here Jesus was referring to some of the people he was speaking to. This could be translated as "some of you standing here now" (UDB). +# there are some standing here who will not taste death -## will not taste death until they see the kingdom of God ## +"some of you who are standing here will not taste death" -This could be translated as "will see the kingdom of God before they die." +# before they see -## will not taste death ## +Jesus was speaking to the people he was talking about. AT: "before you see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -"will not experience death" or "will not die" +# will not taste death before they see the kingdom of God -## until they see the kingdom of God ## +This idea with "not ... until" can be expressed positively with "before". AT: "will see the kingdom of God before they die" or "will see the kingdom of God before you die" -Depending on how you translate "some of them," you could also translate this as "until you see the kingdom of God." \ No newline at end of file +# taste death + +This idiom means "die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/28.md b/luk/09/28.md index 4ef0ca8588..60f91a3d42 100644 --- a/luk/09/28.md +++ b/luk/09/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## And it happened ## +# Connecting Statement: -This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +Eight days after Jesus tells his disciples that some would not die before they saw the kingdom of God, Jesus goes up the mountain to pray with Peter, James, and John who all fall asleep while Jesus is changed to a dazzling appearance. -## these words ## +# these words -This refers to what Jesus said to his disciples in the preceding verses. - -## into the mountain ## - -This could be translated as "on the side of a mountain." It is unclear how far up the mountain they went. - -## the appearance of his face looked different ## - -This could be translated as "the appearance of his face changed." - -## white and dazzling ## - -"shining white and brilliant" or "brilliant white and shining" or "dazzling white and shining like lightening" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to what Jesus said to his disciples in the preceding verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/30.md b/luk/09/30.md index b61c49b8cd..53daf6c61c 100644 --- a/luk/09/30.md +++ b/luk/09/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## And behold, there were two men talking ## +# Behold -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. It can be translated as "Suddenly there were two men talking" or "Suddenly two men were talking." +The word "Behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. AT: "Suddenly" -## who looked glorious ## +# who appeared in glorious splendor -This relative clause is adding information about Moses and Elijah. It can be translated as "and they looked glorious." (See: description of Relative Clauses in the [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]] information) +This phrase gives information about how Moses and Elijah looked. Some languages would translate it as a separate clause. AT: "and they appeared in glorious splendor" or "and they were shining brightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) -## his departure ## +# his departure -"his leaving" or "how he would leave this world." It could be translated as "his death." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"his leaving" or "how Jesus would leave this world." This was a polite way of talking about his death. AT: "his death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/32.md b/luk/09/32.md index b191e38447..2dca662ad6 100644 --- a/luk/09/32.md +++ b/luk/09/32.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## they saw his glory ## +# Now -This refers to the brilliant light that surrounded them. This could be translated as "they saw brilliant light coming from Jesus" or "they saw very bright light coming out of Jesus." +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke tells information about Peter, James, and John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## the two men who were standing with him ## +# heavy with sleep + +This idiom means "very sleepy" . + +# they saw his glory + +This refers to the brilliant light that surrounded them. AT: "they saw brilliant light coming from Jesus" or "they saw very bright light coming out of Jesus" + +# the two men who were standing with him This refers to Moses and Elijah. -## It happened that ## +# As they were going away -This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +"as Moses and Elijah were going away" -## Master ## +# shelters -The word that is translated here as “Master” is a not the normal word for “Master.” This one refers to someone who has authority, and not to someone who owns someone else. You could also translate it as "Boss" or "Foreman" or with a word that is commonly used to address a person in authority, such as “Sir.” - -## shelter ## - -"tent" or "hut" \ No newline at end of file +"tents" or "huts" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/34.md b/luk/09/34.md index 45c867aaf4..4ef956310d 100644 --- a/luk/09/34.md +++ b/luk/09/34.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## while he was saying these things ## +# As he was saying this -"while Peter was saying these things" +"While Peter was saying these things" -## they were afraid ## +# they were afraid -These adult disciples were not afraid of clouds. This phrase indicates that some kind of unusual fear came over them with the cloud. It could be translated as "they were terrified." +These adult disciples were not afraid of clouds. This phrase indicates that some kind of unusual fear came over them with the cloud. AT: "they were terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## A voice came out of the cloud saying ## +# they entered into the cloud -If it is unnatural to talk about a voice speaking, it could be translated as "God spoke to them from the cloud, saying." +This can be expressed in terms of what the cloud did. AT: "the cloud surrounded them" -## my chosen Son ## +# A voice came out of the cloud -This can be translated as "my Son, whom I have chosen" (UDB) or "my Son, the chosen one." The word "chosen" is adding information about God's Son. It is not saying that God has more than one son. (See: information about Adjectives on [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-partsofspeech]]) +It is understood that the voice could only have belonged to God. AT: "God spoke to them from the cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## those days ## +# Son -This may refer to the days until Jesus was taken up to Heaven after the resurrection or possibly the days directly after Jesus made the statement. \ No newline at end of file +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the one who is chosen + +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "the one I have chosen" or "I have chosen him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They kept silent ... what they had seen + +This is information that tells what happened after the story as a result of the events in the story itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) + +# kept silent ... told no one + +The first phrase refers to their immediate response, and the second refers to what they did in the following days. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/37.md b/luk/09/37.md index f9dcac3e9b..4e0af3065a 100644 --- a/luk/09/37.md +++ b/luk/09/37.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## It happened ## +# Connecting Statement: -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +The next day after Jesus' dazzling appearance, Jesus heals a demon-possessed boy that the disciples were unable to make better. -## And behold, a man from the crowd ## +# Behold, a man from the crowd -The word "behold" alerts us to the new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a man in the crowd who said…” +The word "behold" alerts us to the new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a man in the crowd who said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## and behold, a spirit ## +# You see, a spirit -The word "behold" introduces us to the evil spirit in the man's story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was an evil spirit…” +The phrase "You see" introduces us to the evil spirit in the man's story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was an evil spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## it departs from him with difficulty ## +# he foams at the mouth -Possible meanings for this are 1) "It hardly ever leaves my child" (UDB) or 2) "It is so hard on my son when it leaves him that..." - -## foaming at the mouth ## - -When a person has a seizure, they can have trouble breathing or swallowing. This causes white foam to form around their mouths. If you language has a way to describe that, you should use it. \ No newline at end of file +"foam comes out of his mouth." When a person has a seizure, they can have trouble breathing or swallowing. This causes white foam to form around their mouths. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/41.md b/luk/09/41.md index f85979cd74..eeae4c367f 100644 --- a/luk/09/41.md +++ b/luk/09/41.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Jesus answered and said ## +# Jesus answered and said "In answer Jesus said" -## you unbelieving and corrupt generation ## +# You unbelieving and depraved generation -This was addressed to the crowd that had gathered, and not to the disciples. +Jesus said this to the crowd that had gathered, and not to his disciples. -## how long will I have to stay with you and bear with you? ## +# depraved generation -This is a rhetorical question. Jesus did not expect and answer. The meaning is "I have done so much and still you do not believe!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"corrupt generation" -## Bring your son here ## +# how long must I be with you and put up with you? -Here Jesus is speaking directly to the father who addressed him. +Here "you" is plural. Jesus uses these questions to express his sadness that the people did not believe. They can be written as statements. AT: "I have been with you so long, yet you do not believe. I wonder how long I must put up with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## still coming ## +# Bring your son here -"on his way" or "on the way" - -## rebuked ## - -"spoke harshly to" \ No newline at end of file +Here "your" is singular. Jesus is speaking directly to the father who addressed him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/43.md b/luk/09/43.md index cd5867e6c9..64bf6e2938 100644 --- a/luk/09/43.md +++ b/luk/09/43.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## They were all amazed at the greatness of God ## +# they were all amazed at the greatness of God Jesus performed the miracle, but the crowd recognized that God was the power behind the healing. -## which he did ## +# everything he was doing -"that Jesus did" +"everything Jesus was doing" -## Let these words go deeply into your ears ## +# Let these words go deeply into your ears -This is an idiom that means "Listen carefully and remember" or "Do not forget this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom that means they should pay attention. AT: "Listen carefully and remember" or "Do not forget this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the Son of Man ## +# The Son of Man will be betrayed into the hands of men -Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "I, the son of Man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +This can be stated with an active clause. Here "hands" refers to power or control. AT: "they will betray the Son of Man and put him in the control of men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## delivered over into the hands ## +# The Son of Man -"handed over to" (UDB). Here "hands" refer to power or control. AT: "Men will hand the Son of Man over to the authorities." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "I, the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## they did not understand ## +# into the hands of men -This could be translated as "they did not know he was talking about his death." \ No newline at end of file +Jesus does not identify these men here, but it might be helpful to state that information. AT: "to my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It was hidden from them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God hid the meaning from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/46.md b/luk/09/46.md index 60a5de2fe8..cb99cd46ef 100644 --- a/luk/09/46.md +++ b/luk/09/46.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## among them ## +# General Information: + +A dispute that revolves around power starts among the disciples. + +# among them "among the disciples" -## reasoning in their hearts ## +# reasoning in their hearts -"thinking about individually" or "considering in their private thoughts" +The "heart" refers to the deepest thoughts and desires of a person. AT: "thinking about individually" or "considering in their private thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in my name ## +# in my name -This refers to a person doing something as a representative of Jesus. AT: "because of me" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to a person doing something as a representative of Jesus. AT: "because of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the one who sent me ## +# welcomes me -"God, who sent me" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +This metaphor could also be stated as a simile. AT: "it is like he is welcoming me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the one who sent me + +"God, who sent me" + +# the one who is great + +"the ones whom God considers to be most important" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/49.md b/luk/09/49.md index 8da4a2b63f..6e8180ef57 100644 --- a/luk/09/49.md +++ b/luk/09/49.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## John answered and said ## +# John answered -"In reply, John said" or "John replied to Jesus." John was responding to what Jesus had said about being the greatest. He was not answering a question. He wanted to know what rank this man who was forcing out demons would have among the disciples. +"In reply, John said" or "John replied to Jesus." John was responding to what Jesus had said about being the greatest. He was not answering a question. -## Master ## +# we saw -The word that is translated here as “Master” is a not the normal word for “Master.” This one refers to someone who has authority, and not to someone who owns someone else. You could also translate it as "Boss" or "Foreman" or with a word that is commonly used to address a person in authority, such as “Sir.” +John speaks of himself but not Jesus, so "we" here is exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## in your name ## +# in your name This means the person was speaking with the power and authority of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he that is not against you is for you ## +# Do not stop him -This could be translated as "if a person does not hinder you, it is if they were helping you" or "if someone is not working contrary to you, he is working in your favor." Some modern languages have sayings that mean the same thing. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated positively. AT: "Allow him to continue" + +# whoever is not against you is for you + +Some modern languages have sayings that mean the same thing. AT: "if a person does not hinder you, it is as if they were helping you" or "if someone is not working contrary to you, he is working in your favor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/51.md b/luk/09/51.md index d4ac518820..724de2adde 100644 --- a/luk/09/51.md +++ b/luk/09/51.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## It happened that ## +# General Information: -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +It is now obvious that Jesus has decided to go to Jerusalem. -## the days were approaching for him to go up ## +# When the days drew near for him to be taken up -"the time was coming for him to go up" or "it was almost time for him to go up" +"When the time was coming for him to go up" or "When it was almost time for him to go up" -## resolutely ## +# set his face -"determinedly" or "deliberately" +This idiom means he "firmly decided." AT: "made up his mind" or "decided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## set his face ## +# to prepare everything for him -This is an idiom meaning "made up his mind" or "decided" or "firmly resolved" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This means to make arrangements for his arrival there, possibly including a place to speak, a place to stay, and food. -## to prepare for him ## +# did not welcome him -This means to make arrangements for his arrival in the area, possibly including a place to speak, a place to stay, and food. +"did not want him to stay" -## did not receive him ## +# because he had set his face to go to Jerusalem -"did not welcome him" or "did not want him to stay" \ No newline at end of file +The Samaritans and the Jews hated each other. Therefore the Samaritans would not help Jesus on his journey to Jerusalem, the Jewish capital. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/54.md b/luk/09/54.md index f57d0dddc1..196d3397d4 100644 --- a/luk/09/54.md +++ b/luk/09/54.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## saw this ## +# saw this "saw that the Samaritans did not receive Jesus" -## command fire to come down from heaven and destroy them ## +# command fire to come down from heaven and destroy them James and John suggested this method of judgment because they knew that this was how the prophets such as Elijah had judged people who rejected God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he turned and rebuked them ## +# he turned and rebuked them "Jesus turned and rebuked James and John." Jesus did not condemn the Samaritans, as the disciples expected. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/57.md b/luk/09/57.md index cd0197c209..22c73a044a 100644 --- a/luk/09/57.md +++ b/luk/09/57.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## someone ## +# someone This was not one of the disciples. -## Foxes have holes…nowhere to lay his head ## +# Foxes have holes ... nowhere to lay his head -Jesus was implying that if the the man were to follow him, that man too might not have a home. The implied information can be made explicit: "So do not expect that you will have a home." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus responds with a proverb to teach the man about being Jesus' disciple. Jesus implies that if the man were to follow him, that man too might not have a home. AT: "Foxes have holes ... nowhere to lay his head. So do not expect that you will have a home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Foxes ## +# Foxes These are land animals similar to small dogs. They sleep in a den or a burrow in the ground. -## birds of the sky ## +# birds in the sky "birds that fly in the air" -## Son of Man ## +# Son of Man -Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "I, the Son of Man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "I, the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## nowhere to lay his head ## +# nowhere to lay his head -"nowhere to rest my head" or "nowhere to sleep." This is a hyperbole. Jesus is exaggerating in order to get across the point that he was not welcome anywhere to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +"nowhere to rest my head" or "nowhere to sleep." Jesus exaggerates to emphasize that he has no permanent home and that people did not often invite him to stay with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/59.md b/luk/09/59.md index ad962da83a..6405fe2062 100644 --- a/luk/09/59.md +++ b/luk/09/59.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Follow me ## +# Connecting Statement: -This could be translated as "Be my follower" or "Be my disciple and come with me." +Jesus continues to talk with the people along the road. -## allow me first to go ## +# Follow me -This could be translated as "before I do that, let me go." This is a request from the man to Jesus. +This implies to be Jesus' disciple and go with him. -## Leave the dead to bury their own dead ## +# first let me go and bury my father -"Let the dead people bury their own dead people." Since people who are dead cannot bury anyone, the implied meaning here is "let the spiritually dead bury the dead people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is unclear whether the man's father has died and he will bury him immediately, or if the man wants to stay for a longer amount of time until his father dies so he can bury him then. The main point is the man wants to do something else first before he follows Jesus. + +# first let me go + +"before I do that, let me go" + +# Leave the dead to bury their own dead + +Jesus does not mean literally that dead people will bury other dead people. Possible meanings of "the dead" are 1) it is a metaphor for those who will soon die, or 2) it is a metaphor for those who do not follow Jesus and are spiritually dead. The main point is that a disciple must not let anything delay him from following Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the dead + +This refers to dead people in general. AT: "the dead people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/61.md b/luk/09/61.md index 61227fbcda..ed2a1f792c 100644 --- a/luk/09/61.md +++ b/luk/09/61.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## I will follow you ## +# I will follow you -"I will join you as a disciple" or "I am ready to follow you" or "I promise to follow you" +"I will join you as a disciple" or "I am ready to follow you" -## first allow me to say farewell ## +# first let me say goodbye to those in my home -This could be translated as "before I do that, let me say goodbye" or "let me first tell them that I am leaving." +"before I do that, let me tell my people at my home that I am leaving" -## them that are at my house ## +# No one ... fit for the kingdom of God -"my household" or "the people at my home" +Jesus responds with a proverb to teach the man about being his disciple. Jesus means that a person is not suitable for the kingdom to God if he focuses on people in his past instead of following Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## No one…fit for the kingdom of God ## +# No one who puts his hand to the plow -Jesus states this as a general principle that applies to every person. The implied meaning to the man, however is "You will not be fit for my kingdom if you focus on the people in your past instead of on following me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "put his hand to" is an idiom that means the person started to do something. AT: "No one who has started to plow his field" or "No one who has started to prepare his field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## having put his hand to the plow ## - -"having started to plow his field." Farmers use a plow to prepare their field so they can put seeds in it. Communities that do not know about plows could translate this in a general way: "having started to prepare his field." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -## looking back ## +# looks back A person who is looking back while plowing cannot guide the plow where it needs to go. They must focus on looking forward in order to plow well. -## fit for ## +# fit for the kingdom of God -"useful for" or "suitable for" \ No newline at end of file +"useful for the kingdom of God" or "suitable for the kingdom of God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/09/intro.md b/luk/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6b14f7dea6 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Luke 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "To preach the kingdom of God" ##### +There is some controversy among scholars about whether the kingdom of God here refers to the reign of God on earth or the gospel message (Jesus died for the sins of man). It is best to translate this as "to preach about the kingdom of God" or "to teach them about how God was going to show himself as king." It is best not to treat it as a metaphor for the gospel because it is unnecessary here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +##### Elijah ##### + +The prophet Malachi prophesied that one day Elijah would return before the Messiah came. Jesus explains that John the Baptist fulfilled this prophecy by serving God in the same manner as Elijah. Elijah is mentioned in two different ways in this chapter, the actual person of Elijah and the metaphorical return of Elijah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +##### "Kingdom of God" ##### +The term "kingdom of God" is used in this chapter to refer to a kingdom that is still in the future when the words were spoken. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]]) + +##### "They saw his [Jesus'] glory" ##### + +The glory of God is seen as a great, brilliant light in Scripture. God's grandeur always produces fear in the person who sees it. Such an event, presented in this chapter, is called the "transfiguration," in which Jesus is changed or transfigured so that he shows some of his divine glory. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd or appears to contradict itself. An example in this chapter is: "Whoever would try to save his life will lose it" ([Luke 9:24](./23.md)). + +##### Son of Man ##### +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. Referring to oneself using the third person may not be possible in all languages. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +##### "Receiving" ##### +The ULB uses this word several times in this chapter with a variety of meanings. Jesus says, "If someone receives a little child like this in my name, he also is receiving me, and if someone receives me, he is also receiving the one who sent me" ([Luke 9:48](./46.md)). In this verse, "receiving" could be translated as "serving." In another verse it is said, "the people there did not receive him" ([Luke 9:53](./51.md)). In this verse, "receive" can be translated as "believe" or "accept." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/01.md b/luk/10/01.md index 0b06d5a048..5e37ad8cc0 100644 --- a/luk/10/01.md +++ b/luk/10/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## seventy ## +# General Information: + +Jesus sends out 70 more people ahead of him. Those 70 return with joy, and Jesus responds with praise to his heavenly Father. + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# seventy "70." Some versions say "seventy-two" or "72." You may want to include a footnote that says that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## sent them out by pairs ## +# sent them out two by two "sent them out in groups of two" or "sent them out with two people in each group" -## He said to them ## +# He said to them -This was before the men actually went out. This can be translated as "This is what he said to them" or "Before they went out he told them." +This was before the men actually went out. AT: "This is what he had said to them" or "Before they went out he told them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -## The harvest is plentiful but the laborers are few ## +# The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few -"There is a big crop, but not enough workers to bring it in." This metaphor means that there are many people who are ready to be brought into the [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]]) \ No newline at end of file +"There is a big crop, but not enough workers to bring it in." Jesus means there are many people ready to enter God's kingdom, but there are not enough disciples to go teach and help the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/03.md b/luk/10/03.md index ef2354db32..6ba4e6d267 100644 --- a/luk/10/03.md +++ b/luk/10/03.md @@ -1,25 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to give directions to the 70 people he was sending out. +# Go on your way -## Go on your way ## +"Go to the cities" or "Go to the people" -This can be translated as "Go to the cities" or "Go to the people" or "Go bring in the people." +# I send you out as lambs in the midst of wolves -## I send you out as lambs in the midst of wolves ## +Wolves attack and kill sheep. This metaphor therefore means that there are people who would attempt to harm the disciples that Jesus is sending out. The names of other animals could be substituted. AT: "when I send you out, people will want to harm you as wolves attack sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -This is a simile that means the people Jesus was sending out could be attacked by the people they were going to. It can be translated as "When I send you out, people will want to harm you as wolves attack sheep." The names of other animals could be substituted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -## lambs ## - -Lambs are baby sheep. They can't defend themselves against animals that attack them. - -## wolves ## - -Wolves are similar to large wild dogs. They attack and eat other animals, such as lambs. "Wolves" can be translated with a generic term like "wild dogs" or "fierce dogs" or with the name of a specific animal like a dog that your people know of, such as "coyotes" or "jackals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -## Carry no bag of money ## +# Carry no bag of money "Do not take a bag of money with you" -## Greet no one on the way ## +# greet no one on the road Jesus was emphasizing that they go quickly to the towns and do this work. He was not telling them to be rude. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/05.md b/luk/10/05.md index e2460f3b1c..fbe5776340 100644 --- a/luk/10/05.md +++ b/luk/10/05.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to give directions to the 70 people he was sending out. +# May peace be on this house -## May peace be on this house ## +This was both a greeting and a blessing. Here "house" refers to those who live in the house. AT: "May the people in this household receive peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"May the people in this household receive peace." This was both a greeting and a blessing. - -## a person of peace ## +# a person of peace "a peaceful person." This is a person who wants peace with God and with people. -## your peace will rest upon him ## +# your peace will rest upon him -This can be translated as "he will have the peace you blessed him with." +"peace" is described as a living thing that can choose where to stay. AT: "he will have the peace you blessed him with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## if not ## +# if not -"if there is no person of peace there" or "if the owner of the house is not a peaceful person" +It may be helpful to restate the entire phrase. AT: "if there is no person of peace there" or "if the owner of the house is not a peaceful person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## it will return to you ## +# it will return to you -"you will have that peace" +"peace" is described as a living thing that can choose to leave. AT: "you will have that peace" or "he will not receive the peace you blessed him with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Remain in that same house ## +# Remain in that same house -This could be translated as "Continue to sleep at that house." Jesus was not saying that they should stay in the house all day, but that they should sleep at the same house every night they were there. +Jesus was not saying that they should stay in the house all day, but that they should sleep at the same house every night they were there. AT: "Continue to sleep at that house" -## for the laborer is worthy of his wages ## +# for the laborer is worthy of his wages -This is a general principle that Jesus was applying to the men he was sending out. Since they would be teaching and healing the people, the people should provide them with a place to stay and food. +This is a general principle that Jesus was applying to the men he was sending out. Since they would be teaching and healing the people, the people should provide them with a place to stay and with food. -## Do not go from house to house ## +# Do not move around from house to house -This means "Do not go sleep at a different house each night." \ No newline at end of file +Moving around from house to house means going to different houses. It can be made clear that he was talking about staying overnight at different houses. "Do not go sleep at a different house each night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/08.md b/luk/10/08.md index 8e4132502b..90234bdee4 100644 --- a/luk/10/08.md +++ b/luk/10/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to give directions to the 70 people he was sending out. - -## and they receive you ## +# and they receive you "if they welcome you" -## eat what is set before you ## +# eat what is set before you -"eat whatever food they give you" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "eat whatever food they give you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The kingdom of God has come near to you ## +# the sick -This refers to the fact that the activity of the kingdom of God was happening all around them in the healing of the disciples and the teaching of Jesus. It could also be translated as "you can see the kingdom of God all around you right now." \ No newline at end of file +This refers to sick people in general. AT: "the sick people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# The kingdom of God has come close to you + +The abstract noun "kingdom" can be expressed with the verbs "reign" or "rule." Possible meanings are 1) the kingdom of God will begin soon. AT: "God will soon rule everywhere as king" or 2) the activities of kingdom of God are happening all around you. AT: "The proof that God is reigning is all around you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/10.md b/luk/10/10.md index 4c0af9b7c4..56a4039633 100644 --- a/luk/10/10.md +++ b/luk/10/10.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to give directions to the 70 people he was sending out. +# and they do not receive you -## and they do not receive you ## +"if the people of the city reject you" -"if they reject you" +# Even the dust from your town that clings to our feet we wipe off against you! -## Even the dust from your city that clings to our feet, we wipe off against you! ## +This is a symbolic action to show that they reject the people of the city. AT: "Just as you rejected us, we thoroughly reject you. We even reject the dust from your town that clings to our feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -This can be translated as "Just as you rejected us, we thoroughly reject you. We even reject the dust from your city that clings to our feet." Since Jesus was sending these people out in groups of two, it would be two people saying this. So languages that have a dual form of 'we' would use it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pluralpronouns]]) +# we wipe off -## But know this, that the kingdom of God had drawn near ## +Since Jesus was sending these people out in groups of two, it would be two people saying this. So languages that have a dual form of "we" would use it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -This phrase introduces a warning. It means "Even though you reject us, it does not change the fact that the kingdom of is here!" +# But know this: The kingdom of God has come near -## the kingdom of God has drawn near ## +The phrase "But know this" introduces a warning. It means "Even though you reject us, it does not change the fact that the kingdom of God is near!" -"the kingdom of God is all around you." +# The kingdom of God has come near -## I say to you ## +The abstract noun "kingdom" can be expressed with the verbs "reign" or "rule." See how you translated a similar sentence in [Luke 10:8](./08.md). AT: "God will soon rule everywhere as king" or "The proof that God is reigning is all around you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I say to you Jesus was saying this to the 70 people he was sending out. He said this to show that he was about to say something very important. -## the judgment day ## +# the judgment day -The phrase simply says "that day." But the disciples would have understood that this refers to the time of final judgment of sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The disciples would have understood that this refers to the time of final judgment of sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## it will be more tolerable for Sodom, than for that city ## +# it will be more tolerable for Sodom than for that town -"Sodom will not be judged as severely as that city will be judged." This means "that city will be judged more severely than Sodom." \ No newline at end of file +"God will not judge Sodom as severely as he will judge that town." AT: "God will judge the people of that town more severely than he will judge the people of Sodom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/13.md b/luk/10/13.md index e92c6a6fdf..7cceda4ad7 100644 --- a/luk/10/13.md +++ b/luk/10/13.md @@ -1,41 +1,39 @@ -Jesus turns from speaking to the 70 disciples and speaks to the people of three cities. +# Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! -## Woe to you Chorazin! Woe to you Bethsaida ## +Jesus spoke as if the people of the cities of Chorazin and Bethsaida were there listening to him, but they were not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Jesus spoke as if the people of the cities of Chorazin and Bethsaida were there listening to him, but they were not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# If the mighty works which were done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon -## if the mighty works which were done in you ## +Jesus is describing a situation that could have happened in the past but did not. AT: "If someone had performed the miracles for the people of Tyre and Sidon that I performed for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This can be translated with an active verb as it is in the UDB: "If the miracles that I had performed for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# they would have repented long ago -## were done in Tyre and Sidon ## +"the wicked people who lived there would have shown that they were sorry for their sins" -This can be translated with an active verb: "if someone had done them in Tyre and Sidon." - -## they would have repented long ago ## - -"the wicked people who lived there would have shown that they were sorry for their sins" (UDB) - -## sitting in sackcloth and ashes ## +# sitting in sackcloth and ashes "wearing sackcloth and sitting in ashes" -## it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon … than for you ## +# But it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the judgment than for you -"God will punish you more severely than the people of Tyre and Sidon." The reason for this can be made explicit as in the UDB: "because you did not repent and believe in me even though you saw me do miracles!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It may be helpful to clearly state the reason for their judgment. AT: "But because you did not repent and believe in me even though you saw me do miracles, God will judge you more severely than he will judge the people of Tyre and Sidon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in the judgment ## +# at the judgment -"on that final day when God judges everyone" (UDB) +"on that final day when God judges everyone" -## And you, Capernaum ## +# You, Capernaum -Jesus now speaks to the people in the city of Capernaum as if they were listening to him, but they were not. +Jesus now speaks to the people in the city of Capernaum as if they were listening to him, but they were not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## do you think you will be exalted to heaven ## +# do you think you will be exalted to heaven? -This is a rhetorical question in which Jesus rebukes the people of Capernaum for their pride. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) It can be translated with an active verb "will you go up to heaven" or "do you think that God will honor you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the people of Capernaum for their pride. AT: "you will certainly not go up to heaven!" or "God will not honor you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## will be exalted ## +# exalted to heaven -To be exalted is an idiom meaning "will be honored." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This expression means "greatly exalted." + +# you will be brought down to Hades + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will go down to Hades" or "God will send you to Hades" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/16.md b/luk/10/16.md index 6bbfb50d4d..cc764d5198 100644 --- a/luk/10/16.md +++ b/luk/10/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Jesus finishes teaching the 70 people he was sending out. +# The one who listens to you listens to me -## The one who listens to you listens to me ## +The comparison can be clearly stated as a simile. AT: "When someone listens to you, it is as if they are listening to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -This can be translated as "When someone listens to you, it is as if they are listening to me." +# the one who rejects you rejects me -## the one who rejects you rejects me ## +The comparison can be clearly stated as a simile. AT: "when someone rejects you, it is as if they are rejecting me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -This can be translated as "When someone rejects you, it is as if they are rejecting me." +# the one who rejects me rejects the one who sent me -## the one who rejects me rejects the on who sent me ## +The comparison can be clearly stated as a simile. AT: "when someone rejects me, it is as if they are rejecting the one who sent me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -This can be translated as "When someone rejects me, it is as if they are rejecting the one who sent me." +# the one who sent me -## the one who sent me ## - -This refers to God the Father who appointed Jesus for this special task. It could be translated as "God, who sent me" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to God the Father who appointed Jesus for this special task. AT: "God, who sent me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/17.md b/luk/10/17.md index 71870219fd..edd178a21e 100644 --- a/luk/10/17.md +++ b/luk/10/17.md @@ -1,41 +1,43 @@ -After some time passes, the seventy disciples return to where Jesus was. +# The seventy returned -## The seventy returned ## +Some languages will need to say that the seventy actually went out first as the UDB does. This is implicit information that can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Some languages will need to say that the seventy actually went out first as the UDB does. This is implicit information that can be made explicit. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]].) +# seventy -## seventy ## +You may want to add a footnote: "Some versions have '72' instead of '70.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -You may want to add a footnote: "Some versions have '72' instead of '70.'" - -## in your name ## +# in your name Here "name" refers to Jesus' power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I was watching Satan fall from heaven as lightening ## +# I was watching Satan fall from heaven as lightning -Jesus used a simile to describe how God was defeating Satan when his 70 disciples were preaching in the towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Jesus used a simile to compare how God was defeating Satan when his 70 disciples were preaching in the towns to the way lightning strikes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## authority to tread on serpents and scorpions ## +# fall from heaven as lightning -"authority to step on snakes and crush scorpions." Possible meanings are 1) this refers to actual snakes and scorpions or 2) snakes and scorpions are a metaphor for evil spirits. The UDB translates this as referring to evil spirits: "I have given you the right to attack evil spirits." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) fell as quickly as lighting strikes, or 2) fell down from heaven as lightning strikes downward. Since both meaning are possible, it may be best to keep the image. -## tread on serpents and scorpions ## +# authority to tread on serpents, and scorpions -This implies that they would do this and not be injured. You can make this explicit: "walk on snakes and scorpions and not be hurt." +"authority to step on snakes and crush scorpions." Possible meanings are 1) this refers to actual snakes and scorpions or 2) snakes and scorpions are a metaphor for evil spirits. The UDB translates this as referring to evil spirits: "I have given you the right to attack evil spirits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## scorpion ## +# tread on serpents, and scorpions -a small animal with two claws and poisonous stinger on its tail +This implies that they would do this and not be injured. AT: "walk on snakes and scorpions and they will not hurt you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## over all the power of the enemy ## +# scorpions -"I have given you authority to crush the power of the enemy" or "I have given you authority to defeat the enemy." The enemy is Satan. +Scorpions are small animals with two claws and a poisonous stinger on their tail. -## rejoice in this ## +# over all the power of the enemy -The words "in this" refer to the following phrase "that the spirits submit to you." +"I have given you authority to crush the power of the enemy" or "I have given you authority to defeat the enemy." The enemy is Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## your names are engraved in heaven ## +# do not rejoice only in this, that the spirits submit to you -This can be translated as an active verb "God has written your names in heaven" or "your names are on the list of people who are citizens of heaven." \ No newline at end of file +"do not rejoice only because the spirits submit to you." This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "Rejoice that your names are written in heaven even more than you rejoice that the spirits submit to you!" + +# your names are engraved in heaven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has written your names in heaven" or "your names are on the list of people who are citizens of heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/21.md b/luk/10/21.md index cd08f7b6cc..ed727c3dc1 100644 --- a/luk/10/21.md +++ b/luk/10/21.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -Jesus begins to speak directly to his Father in the presence of the disciples. +# Father -## Lord of heaven and earth ## +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -"Master over everyone and everything in heaven and earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +# Lord of heaven and earth -## these things ## +"heaven" and "earth" represent everything that exists. AT: "Master over everyone and everything in heaven and earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# these things This refers to Jesus' previous teaching about the authority of the disciples. It may be best to simply say "these things" and let the reader determine the meaning. -## the wise and understanding ## +# the wise and understanding -"from people who are wise and understanding." This can be translated as "from people who think they are wise and understanding." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +The words "wise" and "understanding" are nominal adjectives that refer to people with these qualities. Because God had concealed truth from them, these people were not actually wise and understanding, even though they thought they were. AT: "from people who think they are wise and have understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## untaught, like little children ## +# those who are untaught -The term in the Greek refers to a very young child. Possible meanings are 1) "untaught" (ULB) or 2) "who accept your truth readily" (UDB). +This refers to those who may not have much education, but who are willing to accept Jesus' teachings. AT: "people who may have little eduction, but who listen to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## like little children ## +# like little children -This is a simile for people who are not wise and knowledgeable, or people who know that they are not wise and knowledgeable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"as little children." People who know that they are not wise and knowledgeable are willing to be taught, as children are willing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## for so it was well-pleasing in your sight ## +# for so it was well pleasing in your sight -pleasing in your sight** - "for you saw that it was good to do that" \ No newline at end of file +"for it pleases you to do this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/22.md b/luk/10/22.md index c8c814c954..02d785586c 100644 --- a/luk/10/22.md +++ b/luk/10/22.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -Jesus now speaks to his disciples. You may need to add an introductory comment such as "Jesus also said to his disciples" (UDB). +# All things have been entrusted to me from my Father -## all things have been entrusted to me by my Father ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My Father has handed everything over to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This can be translated with an active verb: "My Father has handed everything over to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Father ... Son -## the Son ## +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# knows who the Son is + +The word that is translated as "knows" means to know from personal experience. God the Father knows Jesus in this way. + +# the Son Jesus was referring to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## knows who the Son is ## +# except the Father -The word that is translated as "knows" means to know from personal experience. God the Father knew Jesus to this degree. +This means only the Father knows who the Son is. -## except the Father ## +# knows who the Father is -This means "Only the Father knows who the Son is." +The word that is translated as "knows" means to know from personal experience. Jesus knows God his Father in this way. -## knows who the Father is ## +# except the Son -The word that is translated as "knows" means to know from personal experience. Jesus knew God his Father in that way +This means only the Son knows who the Father is. -## except the Son ## +# those to whom the Son chooses to reveal him -This means "Only the Son knows who the Father is." - -## and anyone to whom the Son desires to reveal him ## - -This can be translated as "people know who the Father is only if the Son wants to reveal the Father to them." \ No newline at end of file +"whoever the Son desires to show the Father to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/23.md b/luk/10/23.md index c0cb0053d6..bc9d356f18 100644 --- a/luk/10/23.md +++ b/luk/10/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## he said privately ## +# Then he turned around to the disciples and said privately -"to them alone." This was possibly at a later time. The UDB makes this explicit: "Then when his disciples were alone with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The word "privately" indicates that he was alone with his disciples. AT: "Later, when he was alone with his disciples, he turned to them and said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## blessed are those who see the things that you see ## +# Blessed are those who see the things that you see -This can be translated as "How good it is for those who see the things that you are seeing." This probably refers to all of the people who were coming to listen to Jesus. +This probably refers to the good works and miracles that Jesus was doing. AT: "How good it is for those who see the things that you see me doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the things that you see ## +# and they did not see them -"the things you have seen me do" +This implies that Jesus was not yet doing those things. AT: "but could not see them because I was not doing them yet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the things that you hear ## +# the things that you hear -"the things that you have heard me say" \ No newline at end of file +This probably refers to the teaching of Jesus. AT: "the things that you have heard me say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# and they did not hear them + +This implies that Jesus was not yet teaching. AT: "but could not hear them because I had not yet started to teach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/25.md b/luk/10/25.md index 38bc303c7a..3a999a79dc 100644 --- a/luk/10/25.md +++ b/luk/10/25.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## Behold ## +# Connecting Statement: -This event happens at a later time. You can make this clear to the reader as in the UDB: "One day as Jesus was teaching people." +Jesus replies with a story to a Jewish teacher who wants to test Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## And behold, a certain teacher ## +# Behold, a certain teacher -The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a certain teacher…” +This alerts us to a new event and a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## tested him ## +# test him -"challenged Jesus" +"challeng Jesus" -## What is written in the law ## +# What is written in the law? How do you read it? -This can be translated with an active verb: "What did Moses write in the law" or "What do the scriptures say?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Jesus is not seeking information. He uses these questions to test the Jewish teacher's knowledge. AT: "Tell me what Moses wrote in the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## How do you read it? ## +# What is written in the law? + +This can be asked in active form. AT: "What did Moses write in the law?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# How do you read it? "What have you read in it?" or "What do you understand it to say?" -## You must love... ## +# You will love ... neighbor as yourself -The man replied by quoting portions of Deuteronomy [Deuteronomy 6:4](../../deu/06/04.md) and Leviticus [Leviticus 19:17](../../lev/19/17.md). +The man is quoting what Moses wrote in the law. -## your heart...your soul...your strength...your mind ## +# with all your heart, with all your soul -These all mean that a person must completely love God with all of their being. +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all ... being." See how you translated these two phrases in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../../deu/04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## your neighbor ## +# with all your mind -This refers to a member of your community. It can be translated as your "your fellow-citizen" or "the people of your community." \ No newline at end of file +The mind is what people use to think. + +# your neighbor as yourself + +This simile can be stated more clearly. AT: "love your neighbor as much as you love yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/29.md b/luk/10/29.md index 29d4f7c235..774e6dd999 100644 --- a/luk/10/29.md +++ b/luk/10/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## But the teacher, desiring to justify himself, said ## +# But the teacher, desiring to justify himself, said -This can be translated as "But he wanted to find a way to justify himself, so he said" or "But wanting to appear righteous, he said." +"But the teacher wanted to find a way to justify himself, so he said" or "But wanting to appear righteous, the teacher said" -## Answering, Jesus said ## +# Jesus answered him and said -This can be translated as "In response, Jesus told him this story." +Jesus answers the man by telling a parable. AT: "In response, Jesus told him this story" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## he fell among robbers ## +# Who is my neighbor? -"was surrounded by robbers." This can be translated with an active verb: "some robbers attacked him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The man wanted to know whom he was required to love. AT: "Who should I consider to be my neighbor and love as I love myself?" or "Which people are my neighbors that I should love?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## stripped him of his belongings ## +# A certain man -"took everything he had" or "stole all his things" \ No newline at end of file +This introduces a new character in the parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# He fell among robbers + +"He was surrounded by robbers" or "Some robbers attacked him" + +# stripped him of his belongings + +"took everything he had" or "stole all his things" + +# half dead + +This idiom means "almost dead." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/31.md b/luk/10/31.md index 13c7f89c48..a1396c97ab 100644 --- a/luk/10/31.md +++ b/luk/10/31.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues telling his story to the man who asked "Who is my neighbor?" - -## By chance ## +# By chance This was not something that any person had planned. -## a certain priest ## +# a certain priest -This expression introduced a me person in the story, but does not identify him by name. +This expression introduces a new person in the story, but does not identify him by name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## and when he saw him ## +# when he saw him -"and when the priest saw the injured man." A priest is a very religious person, so the audience would assume that he would help the injured man. Since he did not, this phrase could be translated as "but when he saw him" to call attention to this unexpected result. +"when the priest saw the injured man." A priest is a very religious person, so the audience would assume that he would help the injured man. Since he did not, this phrase could be stated as "but when he saw him" to call attention to this unexpected result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he passed by on the other side ## +# he passed by on the other side -"he walked past the man on the other side of the road" +It is implied that he did not help the man. AT: "he did not help the injured man but instead walked past him on the other side of the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he passed by ## +# passed by on the other side -It is implied that he did not help the man. The could be made explicit: "he passed by without helping the injured man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The Levites served in the temple. He would be expected to help his fellow Jewish man. Since he did not, it may are helpful to state that. AT: "he also did not help, but instead passed by on the other side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/33.md b/luk/10/33.md index fdad37f8b8..4478b6f635 100644 --- a/luk/10/33.md +++ b/luk/10/33.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ -Jesus continues telling his story to the man who asked "Who is my neighbor?" +# But a certain Samaritan -## But a certain Samaritan ## +This introduces a new person in the story without giving his name. We know only that he was from Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -This introduces a new person in the story without giving his name. We know only that he was a Samaritan. The Jews despised the Samaritans and would have assumed that he would not help the injured Jewish man. +# a certain Samaritan -## when he saw him ## +The Jews despised the Samaritans and would have assumed that he would not help the injured Jewish man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"when the Samaritan saw the injured man" +# When he saw him -## he was moved with compassion ## +"When the Samaritan saw the injured man" + +# he was moved with compassion "he felt sorry for him" -## bound up his wounds, pouring oil and wine on them ## +# bound up his wounds, pouring oil and wine on them -Since he would have put the oil and wine on the wounds first, it can be translated as "he put wine and oil on the wounds and wrapped them with cloth." Wine was used to clean the wound, and oil was probably used to prevent infection. +He would have put the oil and wine on the wounds first. AT: "he put wine and oil on the wounds and wrapped them with cloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -## his own animal ## +# pouring oil and wine on them + +Wine was used to clean the wound, and oil was probably used to prevent infection. This can be stated. AT: "pouring oil and wine on them to help heal them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his own animal "his own pack animal." This was an animal that he used to carry heavy loads. It was probably a donkey. -## two denarii ## +# two denarii -"two day's wages." "Denarii" is the plural of "denarius." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +"two day's wages." "Denarii" is the plural of "denarius." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## the host ## +# the host -"the innkeeper" or "the person who took care of the inn" \ No newline at end of file +"the innkeeper" or "the person who took care of the inn" + +# whatever extra you spend, when I return, I will repay you + +This could be reordered. AT: "when I return, I will repay you whatever extra amount you spend" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/36.md b/luk/10/36.md index 18c6efd2d5..2c0d2e5f20 100644 --- a/luk/10/36.md +++ b/luk/10/36.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the man who asked "Who is my neighbor?" +# Which of these three, do you think ... robbers? -## Which of these three, do you think ## +This could be written as two questions. AT: "What do you think? Which of these three men was a neighbor ... robbers?" -This can be translated as "What do you think? Which of these three men." +# was a neighbor -## was a neighbor ## +"showed himself to be a true neighbor" -"showed himself to be a true neighbor" (UDB) +# to him who fell among the robbers -## to him who fell among the robbers ## +"to the man whom the robbers attacked" -"to the man who was attacked by robbers" \ No newline at end of file +# Go and do the same + +It might be helpful to give more information. AT: "In the same way, you should also go and help everyone you can" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/38.md b/luk/10/38.md index 497511e379..d17a54e654 100644 --- a/luk/10/38.md +++ b/luk/10/38.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Now as they were traveling along ## +# General Information: -"Now as Jesus and his disciples were traveling along." Since this is a new part of the story, it may be more natural in some languages to say who "they" were. You language may have a way of indicating that this is a new part of the story. +Jesus comes to Martha's house where her sister Mary listens to Jesus with great attention. -## a certain village ## +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# as they were traveling along + +"as Jesus and his disciples were traveling along" + +# a certain village This introduces the village as a new location, but does not name it. -## a certain woman named Martha ## +# a certain woman named Martha -This introduces Martha as a new character. Your language may have a way of introducing new people. +This introduces Martha as a new character. Your language may have a way of introducing new people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## sat at the Lord's feet ## +# sat at the Lord's feet -This can be translated as "sat on the floor and listened to the Lord teach." This was the normal respectful position for a learner in that day. \ No newline at end of file +This was the normal and respectful position for a learner at that time. AT: "sat on the floor near Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# heard his word + +This refers to everything that Jesus taught while at Martha's house. AT: "listened to the Lord teach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/40.md b/luk/10/40.md index 1798a95c2c..77f8818481 100644 --- a/luk/10/40.md +++ b/luk/10/40.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## do you not care ## +# overly busy -Martha was complaining that the Lord was allowing Mary to sit listening to him when there was so much work to do. She respected the Lord, so she used a rhetorical question to soften her complaint. It can be translated as "It seems like you do not care." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"very busy" or "too busy" -## which will not be taken away from her ## +# do you not care ... alone? -Possible meanings are 1) "I will not take this opportunity away from her" or 2) "She will not lose what she has gained as she listening to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Martha was complaining that the Lord was allowing Mary to sit listening to him when there was so much work to do. She respected the Lord, so she used a rhetorical question to make her complaint more polite. AT: "it seems like you do not care ... alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Martha, Martha + +Jesus repeats Martha's name for emphasis. AT: "Dear Martha" or "You, Martha" + +# only one thing is necessary + +Jesus is contrasting what Mary is doing with what Martha is doing. It may be helpful to make this explicit. AT: "the only thing that is really necessary is to listen to my teaching" or "listening to my teaching is more necessary than preparing a meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# which will not be taken away from her + +Possible meanings are 1) "I will not take this opportunity away from her" or 2) "she will not lose what she has gained as she was listening to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/10/intro.md b/luk/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dfe7aac177 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Luke 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Harvest ##### +Harvest is a common image used in the New Testament. Having people come to faith in Jesus is referred to as a harvest. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### "Was a neighbor" ##### +The concept of "being a neighbor" was important in the culture of the ancient Near East, which greatly valued hospitality. In this chapter, "neighbor" is used in reference to someone who lives nearby or possibly another person in general. "Was a neighbor" is also used to mean "was being a good neighbor." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/01.md b/luk/11/01.md index 4863838f75..3a624af7aa 100644 --- a/luk/11/01.md +++ b/luk/11/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## It happened ## +# General Information: -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +The is the beginning of the next part of the story. Jesus teaches his disciples to pray. -## when he finished praying ## +# It happened -In some languages it is more natural to use Jesus' name rather than the pronoun "he." It may also be more natural to state that Jesus was praying before saying "when he finished praying." (See UDB) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# when Jesus was praying ... one of + +It may be more natural to state that Jesus finished praying before the disciple asked the question. AT: "that Jesus was praying in a certain place. When he finished praying, one of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/02.md b/luk/11/02.md index 7fa5e63ece..3671c9e2fb 100644 --- a/luk/11/02.md +++ b/luk/11/02.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Jesus said to them ## +# Jesus said to them "Jesus said to his disciples" -## sanctify your name ## +# Father -AT: "may all people honor you" or "cause everyone to honor your name." It means "we want everyone to honor you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Jesus is commanding the disciples to honor the name of God the Father by addressing him as "Father" when praying to him. This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## Let your kingdom come ## +# may your name be sanctified -"Establish your kingdom." It means "We want you to rule over your people." \ No newline at end of file +"cause everyone to honor your name." "Name" often refers to the entire person. AT: "may all people honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May your kingdom come + +The action of God ruling over everyone is spoken of as if it were God himself. AT: "May you come and rule over everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/03.md b/luk/11/03.md index 9d6fedc91d..8e25d58484 100644 --- a/luk/11/03.md +++ b/luk/11/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples how to pray +# Connecting Statement: -## our daily bread ## +Jesus continues to teach his disciples how to pray. -This can be translated as "the food we need each day." Bread was in inexpensive food that people ate everyday. It is used here to refer to food in general. +# Give us ... Forgive us ... Do not lead us -## forgive us our sins ## +These are imperatives, but they should be translated as requests, rather than as commands. It may be helpful to add something such as "please" to them to make this clear. AT: "Please give us ... Please forgive us ... Please do not lead us" + +# our daily bread + +Bread was an inexpensive food that people ate everyday. It is used here to refer to food in general. AT: "the food we need each day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Forgive us our sins "Forgive us for sinning against you" or "Forgive our sins" -## for we ourselves forgive ## +# as we forgive "since we also forgive" -## who is in debt to us ## +# who is in debt to us -"who have sinned against us" or "who have done wrong things to us" +"who has sinned against us" or "who has done wrong things to us" -## Do not lead us into temptation ## +# Do not lead us into temptation -This is a figure of speech that means "Lead us away from temptation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Lead us away from temptation" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/05.md b/luk/11/05.md index ca77d814dd..ad9112049c 100644 --- a/luk/11/05.md +++ b/luk/11/05.md @@ -1,37 +1,39 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus continues to teach his disciples about prayer. -## Which of you will have ## +# Which of you will have ... to set before him'? -This can be translated as "Suppose one of you has" or "Suppose you have." Jesus used rhetorical questions to get people to consider what might happen if they were in a certain situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus used a question to teach the disciples. AT: "Suppose one of you has ... to set before him'." or "Suppose you have ... to set before him'." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## lend to me three loaves of bread ## +# lend to me three loaves of bread "let me borrow three loaves of bread" or "give me three loaves of bread and I will pay you later." The host does not have any food ready to give to his guest. -## three loaves of bread ## +# three loaves of bread -If your people would wonder why someone would ask for bread, you could use a generic term like "cooked food" or "prepared food." +Bread is often used to represent food in general. AT: "enough cooked food for a meal" or "enough prepared food for a person to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## just came in from the road ## +# just came in from the road -This can be translated as "was traveling and just came to my house." +It is implied that the visitor has come far from his home. AT: "was traveling and just came to my house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## anything to set before him ## +# anything to set before him "any food ready to give him" -## I am not able to get up ## +# I am not able to get up "It is not convenient for me to get up" -## I say to you ## +# I say to you -Jesus was speaking to the disciples, so the word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Jesus was speaking to the disciples. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## give bread to you because you are his friend ## +# give bread to you because you are his friend -Jesus addresses the disciples as if they were the ones asking for bread. If this would confuse you audience, this could be translated as "give bread to him because he is his friend." +Jesus addresses the disciples as if they were the ones asking for bread. AT: "give bread to him because he is his friend" -## shameless persistence ## +# because of your shameless persistence -This refers to the fact that the person asking for bread ignores the fact that is is inconvenient for his friend to get up in the middle of the night to get the bread for him. \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "persistence" can be translated as "persist" or "continue to ask." AT: "because you persist shamelessly" or "because you boldly continue to ask him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/09.md b/luk/11/09.md index 3c0752f28e..3c62b160c9 100644 --- a/luk/11/09.md +++ b/luk/11/09.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples about prayer. +# ask ... seek ... knock -## ask … seek … knock ## +Jesus gave these commands to encourage his disciples to pray continually. Some languages may also require more information with these verbs. Use the form of "you" that would be most appropriate in this context. AT: "keep asking for what you need ... keep seeking what you need from God ... keep knocking on the door" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Jesus gave these commands to encourage his disciples to pray continually. Use the form of "you" that would be most appropriate in this context. These commands can be translated as "keep asking … keep seeking … keep knocking". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +# it will be given to you -## ask ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will give it to you" or "you will receive it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Some languages may require more information with this verb. It can be translated as "Ask God for what you need." "Seek what you need from God" and "Knock on the door." +# knock -## it will be given to you ## +To knock at a door is to hit it a few times to let a person inside the house know you are standing outside. It can also be translated using the way people in your culture show that they have arrived, such as "call out" or "cough" or "clap." Here, it means a person should keep praying to God until he answers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This can be translated with an active verb: "God will give it to you" or "you will receive it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# it will be opened to you -## knock ## - -To knock at a door is to hit it a few times to let a person inside the house know you are standing outside. It can also be translated using the way people in your culture show that they have arrived, such as "call out" or "cough" or "clap." - -## it will be opened to you ## - -This can be translated with an active verb: "God will open the door for you" or "God will welcome you inside." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will open the door for you" or "God will welcome you inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/11.md b/luk/11/11.md index e871fb2c66..e6093c6fba 100644 --- a/luk/11/11.md +++ b/luk/11/11.md @@ -1,26 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues teaching his disciples about prayer. -Jesus asks three rhetorical questions with the same meaning: just as fathers give good gifts to their children who ask for things, God gives good gifts to us when we ask him. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +# Connecting Statement: -## And which of you … will give him a stone instead ## +Jesus finishes teaching his disciples about prayer. -This can be translated as "If your son were to ask you for a loaf, would you give him a stone instead?" or "If your son were to ask you for a loaf to eat, you certainly would not give him a stone instead!" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +# Which father among you ... a fish? -## loaf ## +Jesus uses questions to teach his disciples. It could also be written as a statement. AT: "None of you fathers ... a fish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"loaf of bread" or "bread roll." If your people do not normally eat bread, you could translate this as "piece of cooked food" or "vegetable." Jesus was suggesting a possible situation; he was not talking about bread in particular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +# Or if he asks ... scorpion to him? -## or instead of a fish, a snake? ## +Jesus uses questions to teach his disciples. It could also be written as a statement. AT: "And you would never give him a scorpion if he asks for an egg" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"Or if he were to ask for a fish, would you give him a snake instead?" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +# scorpion -## scorpion ## +A scorpion is similar to a spider, but it has a tail with a poisonous sting. If scorpions are not known where you are, you could translate this as "poisonous spider" or "spider that stings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -A scorpion is similar to a spider, but it has a tail with a poisonous sting. If scorpions are not known where you are, you could translate this as "poisonous spider" or "spider that stings." +# if you who are evil know -## if you who are evil know ## +"since you who are evil know" or "even though you are sinful, you know" -"since you who are evil know" or "even though you are sinful, you know." +# how much more will your Father from heaven give the Holy Spirit ... him? -## how much more will your Father from heaven give the Holy Spirit ## - -"how much more certain is it that your Father in heaven will give the Holy Spirit." This rhetorical question can also be translated as "you can be sure that your Father from heaven will give the Holy Spirit." \ No newline at end of file +"how much more certain is it that your Father in heaven will give the Holy Spirit ... him?" Jesus again uses a question to teach his disciples. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "you can be sure that your Father from heaven will give the Holy Spirit ... him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/14.md b/luk/11/14.md index 2efafdee23..26fa9fa993 100644 --- a/luk/11/14.md +++ b/luk/11/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## And he was driving out a demon ## +# General Information: -"And Jesus was driving a demon out of a person" or "And he was making a demon leave a person." +This is the next part of the story. Jesus is questioned after he drives a demon out of a mute man. -## it was mute ## +# Jesus was driving out a demon -It is unlikely that the demon could not speak. The readers would have probably understood that this demon had power to prevent people from speaking. You could make this implied information clear: "the demon caused the man to be unable to speak." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It may be helpful to add extra information. AT: "Jesus was driving a demon out of a person" or "Jesus was making a demon leave a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## It happened that ## +# demon that was mute -This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. When the demon comes out of the man, some of the people criticize Jesus, and that leads to Jesus teaching about evil spirits. +The demon has power to prevent people from speaking. AT: "the demon caused the man to be unable to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## when the demon had come out ## +# Now -"when the demon came out of the man" or "when the demon left the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This word is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. When the demon comes out of the man, some of the people criticize Jesus, and that leads to Jesus teaching about evil spirits. -## the mute man spoke ## +# When the demon had gone out -"the man who had been unable to speak spoke" +It may be helpful to add extra information. AT: "when the demon had gone out of the man" or "when the demon left the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## by Beelzebul ... he drives out demons ## +# the man who had been mute spoke -"he drives out demons by the power of Beelzebul, the ruler of demons" \ No newline at end of file +"the man who had been unable to speak now spoke" + +# By Beelzebul, the ruler of demons, he is driving out demons + +"He is driving out demons by the power of Beelzebul, the ruler of demons" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/16.md b/luk/11/16.md index 2333c9be06..9c45a594d0 100644 --- a/luk/11/16.md +++ b/luk/11/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Others tested him ## +# General Information: + +Jesus begins to respond to the crowd. + +# Others tested him "Other people tested Jesus." They wanted him to prove that his authority was from God. -## and sought from him a sign from heaven ## +# and sought from him a sign from heaven -"and asked him to give a sign from heaven" or "by demanding that he give a sign from heaven." This was how they they wanted him to prove that his authority was from God. +"and asked him to give a sign from heaven" or "by demanding that he give a sign from heaven." This was how they wanted him to prove that his authority was from God. -## Every kingdom divided against itself ## +# Every kingdom divided against itself is made desolate -This could be translated as "When the people in a kingdom fight among themselves." +"kingdom" here refers to the people in it. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "If people of a kingdom fight among themselves, they will destroy their kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## is made desolate ## +# a house divided against itself falls -"it will be destroyed" +Here "house" refers to a family. AT: "if family members fight each other, they will ruin their family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a house divided against itself falls ## +# falls -"a family whose members fight each other will be ruined" or "a family whose members fight each other will be stop being a family." The word "house" is used to refer to a family or to the people living in a house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## falls ## - -"crashed down and is destroyed." This image of the house collapsing refers to the destruction of a family when the members fight each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"crashes down and is destroyed." This image of the house collapsing refers to the destruction of a family when the members fight each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/18.md b/luk/11/18.md index 57db20ac00..1d7d99d580 100644 --- a/luk/11/18.md +++ b/luk/11/18.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to speak to the crowd about demons. +# If Satan is divided against himself -## If Satan is divided against himself ## +"Satan" here is referring to the demons who follow Satan as well as to Satan himself. AT: "If Satan and members of his kingdom are fighting among themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"If Satan and members of his kingdom are fighting among themselves." +# If Satan ... how will his kingdom stand? -## how will his kingdom stand ## +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "If Satan ... his kingdom will not last." or "If Satan ... his kingdom will fall apart." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This is a rhetorical question. It could be translated as a statement: "Satan's kingdom cannot stand," or "Satan's kingdom will fall apart." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# For you say I cast out demons by Beelzebul -## For you say I cast out demons by Beelzebul ## +"For you say that it is by the power of Beelzebul that I make demons leave people." The next part of his argument can be stated explicitly: "That would mean that Satan is divided against himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"For you say that it is by the power of Beelzebul that I make demons leave people." The next part of his argument can be stated explicitly: "that would mean that Satan is divided against himself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# If I ... by whom do your followers drive them out? -## by whom do your followers drive them out ## +"If I ... by whose power do your followers force demons to leave people?" Jesus uses a question to teach the people. The meaning of Jesus' question can be made explicit. AT: "If I ... then we must agree that your followers also drive out demons by Beelzebul's power. But you do not believe that it is true." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"by whose power do you followers force demons to leave people." This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as "then we must agree that your followers also drive out demons by Beelzebub's power." The implied evaluation of that statement can be made explicit: "But we know that that is not true." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# they will be your judges -## They will be your judges ## +"your followers who cast out demons by God's power will judge you for saying that I cast out demons by Beelzebul's power" -"Your followers who cast out demons by God's power will judge you for saying that I cast out demons by Beelzebub's power." - -## by the finger of God ## +# by the finger of God The "finger of God" refers to God's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## then the kingdom of God has come to you ## +# then the kingdom of God has come to you "this shows that God's kingdom has come to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/21.md b/luk/11/21.md index 465c048888..a2fe76e262 100644 --- a/luk/11/21.md +++ b/luk/11/21.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to speak to the crowd about demons. +# When a strong man ... man's possessions -## When a strong man... ## +This speaks about Jesus defeating Satan and his demons as if Jesus was a stronger man who takes what belongs to a strong man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This story is a metaphor. The image of a strong man being attacked from outside is the same as Jesus is attacking Satan's kingdom from outside by casting out the demons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# takes away the armor from the man -## his goods are safe ## +"removes the man's weapons and protection" -"no one can steal his things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# his goods are safe -## plunders the man's possessions ## +"no one can steal his things" -This can be translated as "steals his possessions" or "takes away anything that he wants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# plunders the man's possessions -## who is not with me ## +"steals his possessions" or "takes away anything that he wants" -"who does not support me" or "who does not work with me" +# one who is not with me -## is against me ## +"people who do not support me" or "people who do not work with me" -"works against me." This refers to those who said Jesus was working together with Satan. \ No newline at end of file +# is against me + +"works against me." This refers to those who said Jesus was working together with Satan. + +# the one who does not gather with me scatters + +Jesus is referring to gathering disciples who follow him. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "anyone who does not cause people to come and follow me causes them to go away from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/24.md b/luk/11/24.md index af88b565e6..bd764da81f 100644 --- a/luk/11/24.md +++ b/luk/11/24.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to speak to the crowd about demons. +# waterless places -## waterless places ## +This refers to "desolate places" where the evil spirits wander. -This refers to "desolate places" (UDB) where the evil spirits wander. - -## And finding none ## +# Finding none "If the spirit does not find any rest there" -## my house from which I came ## +# my house from which I came -This is a metaphor referring to the person he used to lived in. It can be translated as "the person in whom I used to live!" (UDB) The UDB goes on to translate it as a simile in verse 26. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to the person in which he used to live. AT: "the person in whom I used to live!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## finds that house swept out and put in order ## +# finds that house swept out and put in order -This can be translated with an active verb: "finds that someone has swept the house clean and put everything where it belongs." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This metaphor speaks about the person as if they were a house that is swept clean and things put in their place. It is implied that the house is still empty. This can be stated in active form with that information made explicit. AT: "finds that the person is like a house that someone has swept clean and put everything where it belongs, but left it empty." or "finds that the person is like a house that is clean and organized, but empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## swept out ## +# worse than the first -"empty." This metaphor refers to the condition of the person who did not fill their life with God's Spirit after the demon left. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "first" refers to the condition of the man while he had the unclean spirit before it left him. AT: "worse than his condition was before the spirit left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/27.md b/luk/11/27.md index 25c687d0bb..b418b517fe 100644 --- a/luk/11/27.md +++ b/luk/11/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## It happened that ## +# General Information: -This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This is a break in Jesus' teachings. A woman speaks a blessing and Jesus responds. -## raised her voice above the crowd ## +# It happened that -"spoke loudly above the noise of the crowd" +This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Blessed is the womb that bore you and the breasts that nursed you ## +# raised her voice above the crowd -AT: "How good it is for the woman who bore you and nursed you at her breasts" or "How happy the woman who bore you and nursed you at her breasts must be." The parts of a woman's body are used to refer to the whole woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). +This idiom means "spoke loudly above the noise of the crowd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## blessed ## +# Blessed is the womb that bore you and the breasts that nursed you -This can be translated here as "how happy" or "blessed by God" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +The parts of a woman's body are used to refer to the whole woman. AT: "How good it is for the woman who bore you and nursed you at her breasts" or "How happy the woman who bore you and nursed you at her breasts must be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). + +# Rather, blessed are they + +"It is even better for those" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/29.md b/luk/11/29.md index 09b3fb3fe9..47ea636da4 100644 --- a/luk/11/29.md +++ b/luk/11/29.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## This generation ## +# Connecting Statement: -"The people living at this time" (UDB) +Jesus continues teaching the crowd. -## It seeks a sign ## +# As the crowds were increasing -"They want me to give them a sign" or "Many of you want me to give you a sign." The information about what kind of sign they wanted can be made explicit as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"as more people were joining the crowd" or "as the crowd was growing larger" -## no sign will be given to it ## +# This generation is an evil generation -"God will not give them a sign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "generation" refers to the people in it. AT: "The people living at this time are evil people" -## the sign of Jonah ## +# It seeks a sign -This could be translated as "what happened to Jonah" or "the miracle that God did for Jonah" (UDB). +"They want me to give them a sign" or "Many of you want me to give you a sign." The information about what kind of sign they wanted can be made explicit. AT: "Many of you want me to perform a miracle as proof that I have come from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## For just as Jonah became a sign...so too ## +# no sign will be given to it -This means that Jesus will serve as a sign from God for the the Jews of that day in exactly the same way as Jonah served as a sign from God to the people of Nineveh. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not give them a sign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Son of Man ## +# the sign of Jonah -Jesus is referring to himself. \ No newline at end of file +"what happened to Jonah" or "the miracle that God did for Jonah" + +# For just as Jonah became a sign ... so too ... this generation + +This means that Jesus will serve as a sign from God for the Jews of that day in exactly the same way as Jonah served as a sign from God to the people of Nineveh. + +# Son of Man + +Jesus is referring to himself. + +# this generation + +"the people living today" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/31.md b/luk/11/31.md index 86b57db630..ecd7f5be36 100644 --- a/luk/11/31.md +++ b/luk/11/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Queen of the South ## +# Queen of the South This refers to the Queen of Sheba. Sheba was a kingdom south of Israel. -## will rise up in the judgment with ## +# will rise up at the judgment with the men of this generation -"will also stand up and judge" +"will also stand up and judge the people of this time" -## she came from the ends of the earth ## +# she came from the ends of the earth -"she came a very great distance." "From the ends of the earth" is an idiom that means "from a place very far away." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom means that she came from very far away. AT: "she came a very great distance" or "she came from a place very far away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## someone greater than Solomon is here ## +# someone greater than Solomon is here -The rebuke that Jesus wanted them to understand was "but you have not listened to me." \ No newline at end of file +It may be helpful to explicitly state that they have not listened to Jesus. AT: "I am greater than Solomon, but you have not listened to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# someone greater than Solomon + +Jesus is speaking about himself. AT: "I am greater than Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/32.md b/luk/11/32.md index 5e110e59dd..576ad676c4 100644 --- a/luk/11/32.md +++ b/luk/11/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## for they repented ## +# The men of Nineveh -The men of Nineveh repented. +It may be helpful to state explicitly that this refers to the ancient city of Nineveh. AT: "The men who lived in the ancient city of Nineveh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## someone greater ## +# The men -When Jesus said this, he was talking about himself. +This includes both men and woman. AT: "The people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## someone greater than Jonah is here ## +# this generation of people -The rebuke Jesus wanted them to understand was “but you have not repented.” \ No newline at end of file +"the people of this time" + +# for they repented + +"for the people of Nineveh repented" + +# someone greater than Jonah is here + +It may be helpful to explicitly state that they have not listened to Jesus. AT: "I am greater than Jonah but you have not repented" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# someone greater than Jonah + +Jesus is speaking about himself. AT: "I am greater than Jonah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/33.md b/luk/11/33.md index 69f9f25c11..50db924bfe 100644 --- a/luk/11/33.md +++ b/luk/11/33.md @@ -1,25 +1,51 @@ -Jesus continues to teach the crowds. Jesus did not intend for everyone in the crowd to understand this teaching. Therefore, it might be best to simply translate the images, rather than explaining them. +# Connecting Statement: -## puts it in a dark closet ## +Jesus finishes teaching the crowd. -"hides it in a closet" +# General Information: -## on a lamp stand ## +Verse 33-36 are a metaphor where Jesus speaks of his teaching as "light" which should be shared with everyone and acted upon. He speaks of people who do not accept his teaching as being in "darkness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"on a table" or "they put it on a shelf" +# puts it in a hidden place or under a basket -## Your eye is the lamp of the body ## +"hides it or puts in under a basket" -This has several figures of speech. The eye is a metonym for vision, which is a metaphor for understanding. The body is a synecdoche for a person's life. It can be translated as "Your eye is the lamp of your life" or "Your vision is the lamp of your life." Since Jesus was saying something that is true of everyone, it can be translated as "The eye is the lamp of a person's body." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# but on a lampstand -## When your eye is good ## +The understood subject and verb in this clause may be supplied. AT: "but they place it on a lampstand" or "but they put it on a table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -"When your vision is good" or "when you see well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Your eye is the lamp of the body -## the whole body is filled with light ## +In this part of the metaphor, the things they saw Jesus do provided understanding just as an eye provides light for the body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Light is a metaphor for truth. This metaphor means "your whole life is filled with the light of truth" or "his whole life is filled with truth."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Your eye -## When your eye is bad, your body is full of darkness. ## +The eye is a metonym for vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Darkness is a metaphor for falsehood. This metaphor means "When your vision is bad, your whole life is full of falsehood." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the body + +The body is a synecdoche for a person's life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# When your eye is good + +"eye" here is a metonym for vision. AT: "When your vision is good" or "when you see well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the whole body is filled with light + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the light will fill your whole body" or "you will be able to see everything clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when your eye is bad + +Here "eye" is a metonym for vision. AT: "When your vision is bad" or "when you see poorly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your body is full of darkness + +"you will not be able to see anything" + +# be careful that the light in you is not darkness + +"make sure that what you think is light is not actually darkness" or "make sure you know what is light, and know what is darkness" + +# then your whole body will be like when a lamp shines its brightness on you + +Jesus states the same truth as a simile. He speaks of people who are full of truth as if they are a lamp that shines brightly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/37.md b/luk/11/37.md index ac0ca9603a..52a07ced7f 100644 --- a/luk/11/37.md +++ b/luk/11/37.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## reclined ## +# General Information: -“sat down at the table.” It was the custom for a relaxed meal such as this dinner for men to eat while laying down comfortably around the table. +This is the beginning of the next part of the story. Jesus is invited to eat at a Pharisee's house. -## wash ## +# at his house -"wash his hands" or "wash his hands in order to be ritually clean." The Pharisees had a rule that people must wash their hands in order to be ceremonially clean before God. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the Pharisee's house. + +# reclined + +"sat down at the table." It was the custom for a relaxed meal such as this dinner for men to eat while lying down comfortably around the table. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# wash + +The Pharisees had a rule that people must wash their hands in order to be ceremonially clean before God. AT: "wash his hands" or "wash his hands in order to be ritually clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/39.md b/luk/11/39.md index fbfd92ada5..a47e314e01 100644 --- a/luk/11/39.md +++ b/luk/11/39.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## the outside of cups and bowls ## +# General Information: -Washing of the outside of containers was a part of the ritual practices of the Pharisees. +Jesus begins to speak to the Pharisee using a metaphor. He compares the way they clean cups and bowls to how they clean themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but the inside of you is filled with greed and wickedness ## +# the outside of cups and bowls -This is a metaphor that compares the way they ignore the inside of the container to how they ignore their own internal condition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Washing of the outside of containers was a part of the ritual practices of the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Did not the one who made the outside also make the inside? ## +# but the inside of you is filled with greed and evil -This is a rhetorical question. Jesus was rebuking the Pharisees for not understanding that what is in their hearts matters to God. It can be translated as a statement as it is in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This part of the metaphor contrasts the careful way they clean the outside of the dishes with the way they ignore their own internal condition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## give to the poor what is inside ## +# You senseless men -"Give what is inside to poor people." The meaning is "focus on using the inside for God instead of only cleaning the outside." \ No newline at end of file +This expression can refer to men or women, even though all of the Pharisees to whom Jesus was speaking to here were men. + +# Did not the one who made the outside also make the inside? + +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the Pharisees for not understanding that what is in their hearts matters to God. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "The one who made the outside also made the inside!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Give to the poor what is inside + +This refers to what they should be doing with their cups and bowls. AT: "Give to the poor what is inside your cups and bowls" or "Be generous to the poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all things will be clean for you + +"you will be completely clean" or "you will be clean both inside and outside" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/42.md b/luk/11/42.md index 3678b2ab25..82afdc8edf 100644 --- a/luk/11/42.md +++ b/luk/11/42.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to speak to the Pharisees. +# you tithe the mint and rue and every other garden herb -## you tithe the mint and rue and every other garden herb ## +"you give God one tenth of your mint and rue and other herbs from your garden." Jesus was giving an example of how extreme the Pharisees were in giving a tenth of their income. -"you give God one tenth of your mint and rue and other herbs from your garden." Jesus was giving an example of how extreme the Pharisees were in giving a tenth of their income. +# mint and rue -## mint and rue ## +These are herbs. People put just a little bit of these leaves into their food to give it flavor. If people do not know what mint and rue are, you can use the name of herbs they know or a general expression such as "herbs." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -These are herbs. People put just a little bit of these leaves into their other food to give it flavor. If people do not know what mint and rue are, you can use the name of herbs they know or a general expression such as "herbs." - -## every other garden herb ## +# every other garden herb Possible meanings are 1) "every other vegetable" 2) "every other garden herb" or 3) "every other garden plant." -## without failing to do the other things also ## +# the love of God -This could be translated as a positive statement: "and to always do the other good things as well." \ No newline at end of file +"to love God" or "love for God." God is the one who is loved. + +# without failing to do the other things also + +"without failing" emphasizes that this should always be done. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "and to always do the other good things as well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/43.md b/luk/11/43.md index ab742f7068..a36412da9e 100644 --- a/luk/11/43.md +++ b/luk/11/43.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to speak to the Pharisees. +# Connecting Statement: -## the front seats ## +Jesus finishes speaking to the Pharisee. + +# the front seats "the best seats" -## you are like unmarked graves that people walk over without knowing it ## +# respectful greetings -This is a simile. The Pharisees were like unmarked graves because they looked ceremonially clean, but they caused people around them to become unclean. This point of similarity is somewhat more clear in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"you like people to greet you with special honor" -## unmarked graves ## +# you are like unmarked graves that people walk over without knowing it -These graves were holes dug in the ground where a dead body was buried. They did not have the white stones that people normally place over graves so that others would see them. When people walked over a grave, they would become ceremonially unclean. \ No newline at end of file +The Pharisees were like unmarked graves because they looked ceremonially clean, but they caused people around them to become unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# unmarked graves + +These graves were holes dug in the ground where a dead body was buried. They did not have the white stones that people normally place over graves so that others would see them. + +# without knowing it + +When the Jews walked over a grave, they would become ceremonially unclean. These unmarked graves caused them to accidentally do that. This can be stated clearly. AT: "without realizing it and become ceremonially unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/45.md b/luk/11/45.md index f018b3d8e3..3745a5f8de 100644 --- a/luk/11/45.md +++ b/luk/11/45.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## you burden men with burdens too hard to carry ## +# General Information: -"You put burdens on people that are too heavy for them to carry." This is a metaphor in which giving people many rules is compared to giving them heavy things to carry. It can be translated as "You burden people by giving them too many rules to follow." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus begins to respond to a Jewish teacher. -## but you do not even touch those burdens with one of your own fingers ## +# One of the teachers of the law -"but you do not even use one of your fingers to help them carry the burdens." It means "but you do not do anything at all to help them obey your rules." \ No newline at end of file +This introduces a new character into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# what you say insults us too + +Jesus' comments about the Pharisees also seemed to apply to the teachers of the Jewish laws. + +# Woe to you, teachers of the law! + +Jesus makes it clear that he intended to condemn the actions of the teachers of the law along with the Pharisees. + +# you put people under burdens that are hard to carry + +"you put burdens on people that are too heavy and they cannot carry them." Jesus speaks about someone giving people many rules as if the person were giving them heavy things to carry. AT: "you burden people by giving them too many rules to follow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# touch the burdens with one of your own fingers + +Possible meanings are 1) "do anything at all to help people carry those burdens" or 2) "do not make any effort to carry those burdens yourselves." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/47.md b/luk/11/47.md index f1707dfad0..c3d5034c6b 100644 --- a/luk/11/47.md +++ b/luk/11/47.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -Jesus continues to speak to the teachers of the law. +# So you are witnesses and you consent -## and yet ## - -This calls attention to the contrast between their honoring of the prophets while ignoring the fact that their ancestors murdered them. - -## So you are witnesses and consent to the works of your ancestors ## - -This is an implied rebuke: "but you did not denounce them." They knew about the murder of the prophets, but did not condemn their ancestors for killing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus is rebuking the Pharisees and teachers of the law. They knew about the murder of the prophets, but did not condemn their ancestors for killing them. AT: "So, rather than denouncing them, you confirm and agree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/49.md b/luk/11/49.md index 7b78899199..0e72a35655 100644 --- a/luk/11/49.md +++ b/luk/11/49.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to speak to the religious leaders. +# For this reason -## For this reason ## +This refers back to the previous statement that the teachers of the law burdened people with rules. -This refers the statement that follows. God will send more prophets to demonstrate that the current generation would kill them, just as their fathers did. +# God's wisdom said -## God's wisdom said ## +"wisdom" is treated as if it was able to speak for God. AT: "God in his wisdom said" or "God wisely said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -"God in his wisdom said" or "God wisely said" +# I will send to them prophets and apostles -## I will send them prophets and apostles ## +"I will send prophets and apostles to my people." God had declared beforehand that he would send prophets and apostles to the ancestors of the Jewish audience to whom Jesus was speaking. -"I will send prophets and apostles to my people" +# they will persecute and kill some of them -## they will persecute and kill some of them ## +"my people will persecute and kill some of the prophets and apostles." God had declared beforehand that the ancestors of the Jewish audience to whom Jesus was speaking would persecute and kill the prophets and apostles. -"my people will persecute and kill some of the prophets and apostles" +# This generation, then, will be held responsible for all the blood of the prophets shed -## will be held responsible for all the blood of the prophets shed ## +The people to whom Jesus was speaking will be held responsible for the murder of the prophets by their ancestors. AT: "Therefore, God will hold this generation responsible for all the deaths of the prophets that people have killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -The blood that was shed refers to the murder of the prophets. This can be translated as "will be held responsible for all the deaths of the prophets that were killed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# the blood of the prophets shed -## Zechariah ## +The "blood ... shed" refers to the blood spilled when they were killed. AT: "the murder of the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This was probably the priest referred to in 2 Chronicles [2 Chronicles 24:20](../../2ch/24/20.md). This was not the Father of John the Baptist. \ No newline at end of file +# Zechariah + +This was probably the priest in the Old Testament who rebuked the people of Israel for idolatry. This was not the Father of John the Baptist. + +# who was killed + +This could be stated in active form. AT: "that the people killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/52.md b/luk/11/52.md index a546c382f8..289f3d86d1 100644 --- a/luk/11/52.md +++ b/luk/11/52.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to tell the teachers of the law how they sin against God. +# Connecting Statement: -## you have taken away the key of knowledge ## +Jesus finishes responding to the Jewish teacher. -This is a metaphor. It means "you have prevented people from entering into the place where God's truth is stored." It can be translated as a simile as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# you have taken away the key of knowledge ... hinder those who are entering -## the key ## +Jesus speaks about God's truth as if it were in a house that the teachers refuse to enter and will not let others have the key to enter either. This means the teachers do not truly know God, and they prevent others from knowing him as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the key This represents the means of access, as to a house or storage room. -## you do not enter in yourselves ## +# you do not enter in yourselves -"You yourselves do not go in in order to get knowledge." This metaphor means "You yourselves do make use of the knowledge." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"you yourselves do not go in to get knowledge" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/53.md b/luk/11/53.md index ddd0e5e530..93bb2a8ef1 100644 --- a/luk/11/53.md +++ b/luk/11/53.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## After Jesus left there ## +# General Information: + +This is the end of the part of the story where Jesus ate at the Pharisee's house. These verses tell the reader what happens after the main part of the story ends. + +# After Jesus left there "After Jesus left the Pharisee's house" -## trying to trap him in his own words ## +# argued with him ... trying to trap him -This is a metaphor. They wanted Jesus to say something wrong so that they could accuse him. It can be translated without the metaphor as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The scribes and Pharisees did not argue in order to defend their views, but to try to trap Jesus so they could accuse him of breaking the law of God. + +# trying to trap him in his own words + +This means they wanted Jesus to say something wrong so that they could accuse him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/11/intro.md b/luk/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..36211fa43a --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Luke 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart poems or special prayers. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 11:2-4, which is a special prayer, commonly called the "Lord's Prayer." This prayer in Matthew 6 also has the phrase, "but deliver us from the evil one." + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The Lord's Prayer ##### + +This is not a prayer to be recited repeatedly, although this prayer can be used in that way. Instead, it provides a model for how Christians are to pray. + +##### Jonah ##### +Jonah was an Old Testament prophet of some significance but not a great deal of significance. He called a Gentile nation to repent of their sins and they obeyed. These events cause the Jewish prophet to be upset with God's grace being shown to Gentiles. This chapter finds a parallel with the future attitude of the Jews, their lack of repentance and eventually becoming upset with God for the grace he shows to the Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) + +##### Light ##### +Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as an image to represent sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]]) + +##### Washing ##### +This was a practice done by the Pharisees, but it was not an obligation according to the law of Moses. The Pharisees had many rituals involving washing in an attempt to make themselves clean. This is ironic because no amount of water could make them spiritually clean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/01.md b/luk/12/01.md index ebca977648..ee5d3b6a9d 100644 --- a/luk/12/01.md +++ b/luk/12/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## In the meantime ## +# General Information: + +This is the next part of the story. Jesus begins to teach his disciples in front of thousands of people. + +# In the meantime "While they were doing that" -## many thousands of the multitude ## +# when many thousands of the people ... they trampled on each other -"thousands of people" or "a very great crowd" +This is background information that tells the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## they trampled each other ## +# many thousands of the people -This is an exaggeration in order to express how many people there were. It means "they were stepping on each other." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"a very great crowd" -## he began to say to his disciples, first of all ## +# they trampled on each other + +This is probably an exaggeration to emphasize that so many people were crowded close together that they would step on each other. AT: "they were stepping on each other" or "they were stepping on one another's feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# he began to say to his disciples first of all "Jesus first started speaking to his disciples, and said to them" -## Beware ## +# Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy -"Be alert to the danger of" or "Guard yourself against" - -## the yeast of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. ## - -This is a metaphor. It can be translated as a simile "the hypocrisy of the Pharisees, which is like yeast." Just as yeast spreads through a whole lump of bread dough, their hypocrisy was spreading through the whole community. This whole warning can be translated as "Be careful that you do not become hypocrites like the Pharisees. Their evil behavior influences everyone just as yeast affects a lump of dough." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Just as yeast spreads through a whole lump of bread dough, their hypocrisy was spreading through the whole community. AT: "Guard yourself against the hypocrisy of the Pharisees, which is like yeast" or "Be careful that you do not become hypocrites like the Pharisees. Their evil behavior influences everyone just as yeast affects a lump of dough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/02.md b/luk/12/02.md index ebc3b33e79..2fce3698cf 100644 --- a/luk/12/02.md +++ b/luk/12/02.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to warn his disciples against hypocrisy. +# But there is -## There is nothing concealed that will not be revealed ## +The word "But" connects this verse to the previous verse about the hypocrisy of the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -This could also be translated as "Everything that is hidden will be shown" or "People will find out about everything that people do secretly." +# there is nothing concealed that will not be revealed -## and nothing hidden, that will not be made known ## +"everything that is hidden will be shown." This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will find out about everything that people do secretly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This part of the sentence uses different words to say the same thing as the first part in order to emphasize its truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# nothing hidden that will not be known -## spoken in the ear ## +This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence in order to emphasize its truth. It can also be stated in active form. AT: "people will learn about everything that others try to hide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This could also be translated as "whispered to another person." +# will be heard in the light -## in the inner chambers ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will hear in the light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"in a closed room." It could also be translated as "behind closed doors" or "in privacy" or "secretly." +# spoken in the ear -## will be proclaimed ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whispered to another person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -"will be shouted loudly" or "people will proclaim" +# in the inner rooms -## upon the housetops ## +"in a closed room." This refers to private speech. AT: "in privacy" or "secretly" + +# will be proclaimed + +"will be shouted loudly." This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will proclaim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# upon the housetops Houses in Israel had flat roofs, so people could go up and stand on top of them. If readers would be distracted trying to imagine how people would get up on the house tops, this could also be translated with a more general expression, such as "from a high place where everyone will be able to hear." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/04.md b/luk/12/04.md index 815015a0cb..dbb0584727 100644 --- a/luk/12/04.md +++ b/luk/12/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. +# I say to you my friends -## they have no more that they can do ## +Jesus readdresses his disciples to mark a shift in his speech to a new topic, in this case, to speak about not being afraid. -"they cannot do anything else" or "they cannot cause any more harm" or "they cannot hurt you anymore" +# they have no more that they can do -## Fear the one who ## +"they cannot cause any more harm" or "they cannot hurt you anymore" -This could also be translated as "Fear God who" or "Fear God, because." +# Fear the one who -## after he has killed ## +The phrase "the one" refers to God. This could be stated. AT: "Fear God who" or "Fear God, because" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# after he has killed "after he kills you" or "after he kills someone" -## has authority to throw you into hell ## +# has authority to throw you into hell -This can be translated as "has authority to throw people into hell." \ No newline at end of file +This is a general statement about God's authority to judge people. It does not mean this will happen to the disciples. AT: "has authority to throw people into hell" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/06.md b/luk/12/06.md index 0ce1ebe80f..55cc26cac4 100644 --- a/luk/12/06.md +++ b/luk/12/06.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to speak to his disciples. +# Are not five sparrows sold for two small coins? -## Are not five sparrows sold for two small coins? ## +Jesus uses a question to teach the disciples. AT: "You know that five sparrows are sold for only two small coins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This is a rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). It can also be translated as "Think about sparrows. They have so little value that you can buy five of them for only two small coins" (UDB). +# sparrows -## sparrows ## +very small, seed-eating birds -Sparrows are very small, seed eating birds. +# not one of them is forgotten in the sight of God -## not one of the is forgotten in the sight of God ## +This could be stated in active form and in positive form. AT: "God never forgets any of them" or "God indeed remembers every sparrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -"God never forgets any of them!" (UDB) or "God never neglects to care for any sparrow!" +# even the hairs of your head are all numbered -## even the hairs of your head are numbered ## +This could be stated in active form. AT: "God knows even how many hairs are on your head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"God knows even how many hairs are on your head" +# Do not fear -## Do not fear ## +The reason for the fear is not stated. Possible meanings are 1) "Do not be afraid of what will happen to you" or 2) "So do not be afraid of people who could hurt you." -"Do not be afraid of people" or "So do not be afraid of people who could hurt you" +# You are more valuable than many sparrows -## You are more valuable than many sparrows ## - -"God values you more than many sparrows" \ No newline at end of file +"You are worth more to God than many sparrows" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/08.md b/luk/12/08.md index 963d9118e0..cf55f7e6cb 100644 --- a/luk/12/08.md +++ b/luk/12/08.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to speak to his disciples. +# I say to you -## Everyone who confesses me before men ## +Jesus readdresses his audience to mark a shift in his speech to a new topic, in this case, to speak about confession. -"Whoever tells others that he is my disciple" or "Anyone who acknowledges before others that he is loyal to me" +# everyone who confesses me before men -## the Son of Man ## +What is confessed can be stated clearly. AT: "whoever tells others that he is my disciple" or "anyone who acknowledges before others that he is loyal to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Jesus was referring to himself. This could be translated as "I, the Son of Man." +# the Son of Man -## he who denies me before men ## +Jesus was referring to himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man" -"he who disowns me before people." This could also be translated as "whoever refuses to acknowledge to others that he is my disciple" or "if anyone refuses to say that he is loyal to me." +# he who denies me before men -## will be denied ## +"he who disowns me before people." What is denied can be stated clearly. AT: "whoever refuses to acknowledge to others that he is my disciple" or "if anyone refuses to say that he is loyal to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"will be disowned." This could also be translated as "The Son of Man will deny him " or "I will deny that he is my disciple." +# will be denied -## Everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man ## +"will be disowned." This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Son of Man will deny him" or "I will deny that he is my disciple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man "Everyone who says something bad about the Son of Man" -## it will be forgiven him ## +# it will be forgiven him -"he will be forgiven" or "God will forgive him for that" +"he will be forgiven." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will forgive him for that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## blasphemes against the Holy Spirit ## +# blasphemes against the Holy Spirit -This could be translated as "speaks evil against the Holy Spirit" or "says that the Holy Spirit is evil." \ No newline at end of file +"speaks evil against the Holy Spirit" + +# it will not be forgiven + +This can be expressed with an active verb. AT: "God will not forgive him" or "God will consider him guilty forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/11.md b/luk/12/11.md index 3c78591104..c2ad8afc0f 100644 --- a/luk/12/11.md +++ b/luk/12/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. +# When they bring you -## before the synagogues ## +It is not stated who brings them into judgment. -"into the synagogues to question you before the religious leaders" (UDB) +# before the synagogues -## authorities ## +"into the synagogues to question you before the religious leaders" -"other people who have power in the country" (UDB) +# rulers ... authorities -## in that hour ## +It may be necessary to combine these into one statement. AT: "other people who have power in the country" + +# in that hour "at that time" or "then" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/13.md b/luk/12/13.md index e4e39f3fbb..ff330cefbc 100644 --- a/luk/12/13.md +++ b/luk/12/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Man ## +# General Information: -Some understand this to be simply a way of addressing a stranger. Others understand that Jesus was rebuking the man. Your language might have a way of addressing people in either of these ways. Some people do not translate this word at all. +This is a break in Jesus' teachings. A man asks Jesus to do something and Jesus responds to him. -## who made me a judge or a mediator over you? ## +# divide the inheritance with me -This is a rhetorical question. It could also be translated as "I am not your judge or mediator." Some languages would use the plural form for "you" or "your." Languages that have a dual form would use that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Inheritances came from the father in that culture. This could be stated. AT: "share my father's property with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## And he said to them ## +# Man -The word "them" here probably refers to the whole crowd of people. This could be translated as "And Jesus said to the crowd." +Possible meanings are 1) this is simply a way to address a stranger or 2) Jesus is rebuking the man. Your language might have a way of addressing people in either of these ways. Some people do not translate this word at all. -## Keep yourself from all greedy desires ## +# who made me a judge or a mediator over you? -"Guard yourself from every form of greed." It could also be translated as "Don't allow yourself to love having things" or "Don't be controlled by the urge to have more." +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the man. Some languages would use the plural form for "you" or "your." AT: "I am not your judge or mediator." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## someone's life ## +# He said to them + +The word "them" here probably refers to the whole crowd of people. AT: "And Jesus said to the crowd" + +# keep yourselves from all greedy desires + +"guard yourself from every form of greed." AT: "do not allow yourself to love having things" or "do not let the urge to have more things control you" + +# a person's life This is a general statement of fact. It does not refer to any specific person. Some languages have a way of expressing that. -## the abundance of his possessions ## +# the abundance of his possessions -"how many things he owns" (UDB) or "how much wealth he has" \ No newline at end of file +"how many things he owns" or "how much wealth he has" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/16.md b/luk/12/16.md index 19ba22d64d..a903f9f1eb 100644 --- a/luk/12/16.md +++ b/luk/12/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Then Jesus told them ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus continues his teaching by telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# Then Jesus told them Jesus was probably still speaking to the entire crowd. -## yielded abundantly ## +# yielded abundantly "grew a very good harvest" -## barns ## +# What will I do, because I do not have a place to store my crops? -Barns are buildings where farmers store the crops and food that they grow after it is harvested. +This question reflects what the man was thinking to himself. AT: "I do not know what to do, because I do not have any place big enough to store all my crops!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## goods ## +# barns + +buildings where farmers store the crops and food that they grow after it is harvested + +# goods "possessions" -## I will say to my soul ## +# I will say to my soul -"I will say to myself" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I will say to myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Soul, you have + +The man is speaking to himself. AT: "I have" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/20.md b/luk/12/20.md index c4edfa57ec..eaf44eda35 100644 --- a/luk/12/20.md +++ b/luk/12/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues telling the parable of the rich man. +# Connecting Statement: -## tonight your soul is required of you ## +Jesus quotes how God responds to the rich man, as he finishes telling his parable. -AT: "you will die tonight" or "your life is to be taken back from you tonight" +# tonight your soul is required of you -## whose will they be? ## +The "soul" refers to the life of a person. AT: "you will die tonight" or "I will take your life from you tonight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"who will own what you have stored up?" or "who will have what you prepared?" This is a rhetorical questions intended to make the man realize that he would not longer possess those things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# the things you have prepared, whose will they be? -## stores up treasures ## +"who will own what you have stored up?" or "who will have what you prepared?" God uses a question to make the man realize that he would no longer possess those things. AT: "the things that you have prepared will belong to someone else!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# stores up treasure "saves up valuable things" -## not rich ## +# not rich -"poor" or "stingy" or "not generous" +"poor" -## towards God ## +# toward God -This could be translated as "in the view of God" or "in relation to God." The meaning is that this person has not invested in the things that are important to God, or that God will reward. \ No newline at end of file +The meaning is that this person has not been concerned with the things that are important to God, or that God will reward. AT: "in the view of God" or "in relation to God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/22.md b/luk/12/22.md index f3d7b6a14c..65596bac56 100644 --- a/luk/12/22.md +++ b/luk/12/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Therefore I say to you ## +# Connecting Statement: -"So" or "For that reason" or "Because of what this story teaches" +Jesus continues teaching his disciples in front of the crowd. -## I say to you ## +# Therefore -“I want to tell you something important” or “You need to listen carefully to this” +"For that reason" or "Because of what this story teaches" -## about your life—what you will eat ## +# I say to you -This can be translated as "about your life and what you will eat" or "about having enough food in order to live." +"I want to tell you something important" or "you need to listen carefully to this" -## about your body—what you will wear ## +# about your life—what you will eat -This can be translated as "about your body and what you will wear" or "about having enough clothes to put on your body." \ No newline at end of file +"about your life and what you will eat" or "about having enough food in order to live" + +# about your body—what you will wear + +"about your body and what you will wear" or "about having enough clothes to put on your body" + +# For life is more than food + +This is a general statement of value. AT: "life is more important than the food you eat" + +# the body is more than clothes + +This is a general statement of value. AT: "your body is more important than the clothes you put on it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/24.md b/luk/12/24.md index 43edccf304..c5ffc6f835 100644 --- a/luk/12/24.md +++ b/luk/12/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. +# ravens -## ravens ## +This refers either to 1) crows, a kind of bird that eats mostly grain, or 2) ravens, a kind of bird that eats the flesh of dead animals. Jesus' audience would have considered the ravens worthless since the Jewish people could not eat these types of birds. -This refers either to 1) crows, a kind of bird that eat mostly grain, or 2) ravens, a kind of bird that eat the flesh of dead animals. Jesus' audience would have considered the ravens worthless because they could not be eaten. +# storeroom ... barn -## How much more valuable you are than the birds! ## +These are places where food is stored. -This is an exclamation, emphasizing the fact that people are much more valuable to God then birds. +# How much more valuable you are than the birds! -## add a cubit to his lifespan ## +This is an exclamation, not a question. Jesus emphasizes the fact that people are much more valuable to God then birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -This is a metaphor because a cubit is a measure of length, rather than of time. The image is of a person's life stretched out as if it were a board, a rope, or some other physical object. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Which of you ... lifespan? + +Jesus uses a question to teach his disciples. AT: "None of you can make your life any longer by being anxious!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# add a cubit to his lifespan + +This is a metaphor because a cubit is a measure of length, rather than of time. The image is of a person's life stretched out as if it were a board, a rope, or some other physical object. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# If then you are not able ... the rest? + +Jesus uses another question to teach his disciples. AT: "Since you cannot do even this small thing, you should not worry about the other things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/27.md b/luk/12/27.md index 7d33b30543..ef826b1f25 100644 --- a/luk/12/27.md +++ b/luk/12/27.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. +# Consider the lilies—how they grow -## lilies ## +"Think about how the lilies grow" -Lilies are beautiful flowers that grow wild in the fields. If your language does not have a word for lily, you can use the name of another flower like that or translate it as "flowers." +# lilies -## neither do they spin ## +Lilies are beautiful flowers that grow wild in the fields. If your language does not have a word for lily, you can use the name of another flower like that or translate it as "flowers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -"neither do they make thread in order to make cloth" or "and they do not make yarn" +# neither do they spin -## Solomon in all his glory ## +The process of making thread or yard for cloth is called "spinning." It may be helpful to make this explicit. AT: "neither do they make thread in order to make cloth" or "and they do not make yarn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Solomon in all his glory "Solomon who had great wealth" or "Solomon who wore beautiful clothes" -## if God so clothes the grass in the field ## +# If God so clothes the grass in the field -"If God clothes the grass in the field like that" or "If God gives the grass in the field such beautiful clothing." "Clothes the grass" is a metaphor for "makes the grass beautiful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"If God clothes the grass in the field like that" or "If God gives the grass in the field such beautiful clothing." AT: "If God makes the grass in the field beautiful like this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## How much more will he clothe you ## +# is thrown into the oven -This is an exclamation emphasizing that he will certainly take care of people even better than he does the grass. (See the section on Sentence Types in [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]].) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone throws it into a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# how much more will he clothe you + +This is an exclamation, not a question. Jesus emphasizes that he will certainly take care of people even better than he does the grass. This could be stated clearly. AT: "he will certainly clothe you even better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/29.md b/luk/12/29.md index 1be09e2d2d..bcecf643bb 100644 --- a/luk/12/29.md +++ b/luk/12/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. +# Do not look for what you will eat and what you will drink -## Do not look for what you will eat and drink ## +"Do not focus on what you will eat and drink" or "Do not greatly desire more to eat and drink" -"Do not focus on what you will eat and drink" or "do not greatly desire more to eat and drink" +# all the nations of the world -## all the nations of the world ## +Here "nations" refers to "unbelievers." AT: "all people of other nations" or "all the unbelievers in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This can be translated as "all people of other nations" or "all the unbelievers in the world." "Nations" is used here as a metonym for "unbelievers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# your Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/31.md b/luk/12/31.md index 8756b96a37..6f047455bd 100644 --- a/luk/12/31.md +++ b/luk/12/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. - -## seek his kingdom ## +# seek his kingdom "focus on God's kingdom" or "greatly desire God's kingdom" -## these things will be added to you ## +# these things will be added to you -"these things also will be given to you." "These things" refers to food and clothing. +"these things also will be given to you." "These things" refers to food and clothing. This could be stated in active form. AT: "God will give you these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## little flock ## +# little flock -Jesus was calling his disciples a flock. A flock is a group of sheep or goats that a shepherd cares for. As a shepherd cares for his sheep, God would care for Jesus' disciples. This can be translated as "small group" or "dear group." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus was calling his disciples a flock. A flock is a group of sheep or goats that a shepherd cares for. As a shepherd cares for his sheep, God would care for Jesus' disciples. AT: "small group" or "dear group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/33.md b/luk/12/33.md index 4762aea581..dc85ca1eab 100644 --- a/luk/12/33.md +++ b/luk/12/33.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. +# give to the poor -## and give to the poor ## +It may be helpful to state what they receive. AT: "give to poor people the money you earn from the sales" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -"and give to poor people the money you earn from the sales" +# Make for yourselves purses ... treasure in the heavens -## Make for yourselves purses ... treasure in heaven ## +The purses and treasure in the heavens are the same thing. They both represent God's blessing in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This can be translated as "In this way you will make for yourselves purses..." The purses and treasure in heaven are the same thing. They both represent God's blessing in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Make for yourselves -## purses which will not wear out ## +This is the result of giving to the poor. AT: "In this way you will make for yourselves" -"money bags that won't get holes in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# purses which will not wear out -## does not run out ## +"money bags that will not get holes in them" + +# does not run out "does not diminish" or "does not become less" -## your heart ## +# no thief comes near + +"thieves do not come near" + +# no moth destroys + +"moths do not destroy" + +# moth + +A "moth" is a small insect that eats holes in fabric. You may need to use a different insect, such as ants or termites. + +# where your treasure is, there your heart will be also + +"your heart will be focused on where you store your treasure" + +# your heart Here "heart" refers to a person's thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/35.md b/luk/12/35.md index 70522c940a..a544da02de 100644 --- a/luk/12/35.md +++ b/luk/12/35.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. +# General Information: -## Let your long clothing be tucked in at your belt ## +Jesus begins to tell a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -People wore long flowing robes. They would tuck them into their belt to keep the robes out of the way while they worked. In order to show this implicit information, this could be translated as “Let your clothing be kept tucked into your belt in readiness to serve” or “Be dressed and ready to serve.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# Let your long clothing be tucked in at your belt -## let your lamps be kept burning ## +People wore long flowing robes. They would tuck them into their belt to keep the robes out of the way while they worked. AT: "Tuck your clothing into your belt so you are ready to serve" or "Be dressed and ready to serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"keep your lamps burning" +# let your lamps be kept burning -## be like people looking for their master ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "keep your lamps burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This is a simile. It compares the disciples being ready for Jesus to return to servants who are ready for their master to return. It is also the beginning of a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +# be like people looking for their master -## returns from the marriage feast ## +This compares the disciples being ready for Jesus to return to servants who are ready for their master to return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -"returns home from a marriage feast" \ No newline at end of file +# returns from the marriage feast + +"returns home from a marriage feast" + +# open the door for him + +This refers to the door of the master's house. It was the responsibility of his servants to open it for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/37.md b/luk/12/37.md index 5f04dc3a06..e4ba5db067 100644 --- a/luk/12/37.md +++ b/luk/12/37.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples a parable. - -## Blessed are ## +# Blessed are "How good it is for" -## whom the master will find watching when he comes ## +# whom the master will find watching when he comes "whose master finds them waiting for him when he returns" or "who are ready when the master returns" -## he will tuck…make them sit down ## +# he will tuck in his long clothing at his belt, and have them sit down -This is a reversal the previous verses. Because the servants have been faithful to their master, the master will now reward them by serving them. +Because the servants have been faithful and ready to serve their master, the master will now reward them by serving them. -## he will tuck his long robe in his belt ## +# in the second watch of the night -This can be translated with the implicit information made explicit: “He will prepare to serve by tucking his clothes into his belt” or “He will dress to serve.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The second watch was between 9:00 p.m. and midnight. AT: "late at night" or "just before midnight" -## in the second watch of the night ## +# or if even in the third watch -This can be translated as "late at night" or "just before midnight." The second watch was between 9:00 p.m. and midnight. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimewatch]]) - -## or if even in the third watch ## - -This can be translated as "or if he comes very late at night." The third watch was from midnight to 3:00 a.m. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimewatch]]) \ No newline at end of file +The third watch was from midnight to 3:00 a.m. AT: "or if he comes very late at night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/39.md b/luk/12/39.md index d89a2335c3..e2d84da239 100644 --- a/luk/12/39.md +++ b/luk/12/39.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples a parable. +# Moreover know this -## because you do not know the hour when the Son of Man comes ## +"In addition, also know" or "But you must also remember" + +# had known the hour + +"had known when" + +# he would not have let his house be broken into + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he would not have let the thief break into his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because you do not know the hour when the Son of Man comes The only similarity between a thief and the Son of Man is that people do not know when either one will come, so they need to be ready. -## when the Son of Man comes ## +# do not know the hour when -Jesus was talking about himself. So it can be translated as "when I, the Son of Man, will come." \ No newline at end of file +"do not know at what time" + +# when the Son of Man comes + +Jesus was talking about himself. AT: "when I, the Son of Man, will come" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/41.md b/luk/12/41.md index ebf12c3251..03edf59353 100644 --- a/luk/12/41.md +++ b/luk/12/41.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## Who then is ## +# Connecting Statement: -This is the beginning of a rhetorical question. Jesus did not answer Peter's question directly, but expected those who wanted to be faithful managers to understand that the parable was about them. It can be introduced with a statement: "I said it for everyone who is." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +In verse 42, Jesus begins to tell another parable. -## the faithful and wise manager ## +# General Information: + +In verse 41, there is a break in the storyline as Peter asks Jesus a question about the previous parable. + +# Who then is ... right time? + +Jesus uses a question to answer Peter's question indirectly. He expected those who wanted to be faithful managers to understand that the parable was about them. AT: "I said it for everyone who is ... right time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the faithful and wise manager Jesus tells another parable about how servants should be faithful while they wait for their master to return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## whom his lord will set over his other servants ## +# whom his lord will set over his other servants -"whom his lord puts in charge of his other servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +"whom his lord puts in charge of his other servants" -## Blessed is that servant ## +# Blessed is that servant -"How good it is for that servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +"How good it is for that servant" -## whom his lord finds doing that when he comes ## +# whom his lord finds doing that when he comes -This can be translated as "if his lord finds him doing that work when he comes back." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) \ No newline at end of file +"if his lord finds him doing that work when he comes back" + +# Truly I say to you + +This expression means they should pay special attention to what he is about to say. + +# will set him over all his property + +"will put him in charge of all his property" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/45.md b/luk/12/45.md index b810d7c38a..b0504b2c24 100644 --- a/luk/12/45.md +++ b/luk/12/45.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples a parable. - -## that servant ## +# that servant This refers to the servant whose lord has put him in charge of the other servants. -## says in his heart ## +# says in his heart -AT: "thinks to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"heart" here refers to the person. AT: "thinks to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## My lord delays his return ## +# My lord delays his return -AT: "My master will not return soon" +"My master will not return soon" -## male and female servants ## +# male and female servants -The words that are translated here as “male and female servants” are normally translated as “boys” and "girls". They may indicate that the servants were young or that they were dear to their master. +The words that are translated here as "male and female servants" are normally translated as "boys" and "girls." They may indicate that the servants were young or that they were dear to their master. -## place his portion with the unfaithful ## +# in a day when he does not expect -"put him with the unfaithful people" or "sends him to the place where he sends those who are unfaithful" \ No newline at end of file +"when the servant is not expecting him" + +# in an hour that he does not know + +"at an hour when he is not expecting him" + +# cut him in pieces and appoint a place for him with the unfaithful + +Possible meanings are 1) this is an exaggeration for the master dealing out harsh punishment toward the slave, or 2) this describes the manner in which the servant will be executed and buried as punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/47.md b/luk/12/47.md index 49eba2a10b..eddfc01efa 100644 --- a/luk/12/47.md +++ b/luk/12/47.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples a parable. +# Connecting Statement: -## will be beaten with many blows ## +Jesus finishes telling the parable. -"will be hit many times" or "will be whipped many times." This can be translated with an active verb: "his master will hit him many times" or "his master will punish him severely." +# his lord's will -## Everyone to whom much is given, much will be required of him ## +"what his master wanted him to do" -This can be translated with active verbs: "They will require more of anyone who has received much" or "the master will require more of everyone he has given much to." +# will be beaten with many blows -## they entrust … they will ask ## +"will be hit many times" or "will be whipped many times." This can be stated in active form. AT: "his master will hit him many times" or "his master will punish him severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -The word "they" here does not refer to a specific group of people. It can also be translated as "the master entrusts ... the master will ask." If you translated the previous sentences with a passive, consider following the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# many blows ... few blows -## to whom they entrust much ## +Both servants are punished, but these phrases show the servant who intentionally disobeyed his master was punished more severely than the other servant. -"to whom they give much property to take care of" or "to whom they give much responsibility" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# But everyone who has been given much, from them much will be required + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They will require more of anyone who has received much" or "The master will require more of everyone he has given much to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the one ... much, even more will be asked + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the master will ask even more of the one ... much" or "the master will require even more of the one ... much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the one who has been entrusted with much + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one to whom the master has given much property to take care of" or "the one to whom the master has given much responsibility" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/49.md b/luk/12/49.md index 2854fd28bd..2fbf16b991 100644 --- a/luk/12/49.md +++ b/luk/12/49.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -## I came to cast fire upon the earth ## +# I came to cast fire upon the earth -"I came to throw fire on the earth" or "I came to set the earth on fire." Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) judgment or 2) purification or 3) division. +"I came to throw fire on the earth" or "I came to set the earth on fire." Possible meanings are 1) Jesus has come to judge people or 2) Jesus has come to purify believers or 3) Jesus has come to cause division among people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## how I wish that it was already kindled ## +# how I wish that it were already kindled -This is an exclamation emphasizing how much he wants this to happen. It can be translated as "I wish very much that it was already lit" or more generally as "How I wish that it had already begun." (See the section on Sentence Types in [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]].) +This exclamation emphasizes how much he wants this to happen. AT: "I wish very much that it was already lit" or "how I wish that it had already begun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## But I have a baptism to be baptized with ## +# But I have a baptism to be baptized with -Baptism is used here as a metaphor for suffering. Just as water covers a person during baptism, suffering will overwhelm Jesus. This can be translated as "I will be baptized with suffering" or as a simile: "I must be overwhelmed in suffering as a person being baptized is covered by water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "baptism" refers to what Jesus must suffer. Just as water covers a person during baptism, suffering will overwhelm Jesus. AT: "I must go through a baptism of terrible suffering" or "I must be overwhelmed by suffering as a person being baptized is covered by water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## But ## +# But -The word "but" is used to show that he cannot cast the fire on the earth until after he is baptized. +The word "but" is used to show that he cannot cast the fire on the earth until after he goes through his baptism. -## how I am distressed until it is completed! ## +# how I am distressed until it is completed -This exclamation emphasizes how distressed he was. It can be translated as “I am terribly distressed and will be so until this suffering is completed!” (See the section on Sentence Types in [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]]) \ No newline at end of file +This exclamation emphasizes how distressed he was. AT: "I am terribly distressed and will be so until I complete this baptism of suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/51.md b/luk/12/51.md index bbee0822b7..f88d660879 100644 --- a/luk/12/51.md +++ b/luk/12/51.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. +# Do you think that I came to bring peace on the earth? -## Do you think that I came to bring peace on the earth? ## +People expected the Messiah to bring them peace from their enemies. Jesus is not going to do that now. AT: "You should not think that I have come to bring peace on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This is a rhetorical question. People expected the Messiah to bring them peace from their enemies. This can be translated as "You should not think that I have come to bring peace on earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# but rather division -## but rather division ## +"but I came to bring division" or "people will divide from each other because I have come" -"but I came to bring division" - -## division ## +# division "hostility" or "discord" -## there will be five in one house divided ## +# there will be five in one house divided -This is an example of the kind of division there will be even within families. \ No newline at end of file +This is an example of the kind of division there will be even within families. + +# there will be five in one house + +It may be helpful to state that this refers to people. AT: "there will be five people in one house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# against + +"will oppose." It may be helpful to use a longer phrase for each of these occurrences. AT: "will be divided against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/54.md b/luk/12/54.md index dd5cf55b5c..2e9dc6c7d5 100644 --- a/luk/12/54.md +++ b/luk/12/54.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## A shower is coming ## +# General Information: -"Rain is coming" or "It is going to rain" (UDB) +Jesus begins to speak to the crowd. -## the earth and the heavens ## +# When you see a cloud rising ... happens -"the earth and the sky" or "the weather" +This condition normally meant rain was coming in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## how is it that you do not know how to interpret the present time? ## +# A shower is coming -This rhetorical question is used as a rebuke. It can be translated as "You should know how to interpret the present time." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Rain is coming" or "It is going to rain" + +# When a south wind is blowing + +This condition normally meant hot weather was coming in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the earth and the heavens + +"the earth and the sky" + +# how is it that you do not know how to interpret the present time? + +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the crowd. Jesus uses this question to convict them. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "you should know how to interpret the present time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/57.md b/luk/12/57.md index 2363905c3b..a486f03b67 100644 --- a/luk/12/57.md +++ b/luk/12/57.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the crowds. +# Why do you not judge what is right for yourselves -## Why do you not judge what is right for yourselves ## +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the crowd. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You yourselves should discern what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This is a rhetorical question used as a rebuke. It can be translated as "You yourselves should discern what is right." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) It introduces Jesus' teaching about what is right. +# for yourselves -## for yourselves ## +"on your own initiative" -“on your own initiative” or “while you still have time to do that” (UDB). It implies that the hearers should act out of their own self-interest and wisdom without anyone else having to force them. +# For when you go ... bit of money -## For when you go with your adversary ## +Jesus uses a hypothetical situation to teach the crowd. His point is that they should resolve the things they are able to resolve without involving the public courts. This can be restated to make it clear it might not happen. AT: "For if you were to go ... bit of money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -This is the beginning of another parable. Jesus uses a hypothetical situation as a metaphor for God's impending judgment. - -## For when you go ## +# when you go Though Jesus is talking to a crowd, the situation he is presenting is something that a person would go through alone. So in some languages the word "you" would be singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## settle the matter with him ## +# settle the matter with him "settle the matter with your adversary" -## the judge ## +# the judge This refers to the magistrate, but the term here is more specific and threatening. -## does not deliver you ## +# does not deliver you -"does not hand you over" \ No newline at end of file +"does not hand you over" + +# the very last bit of money + +"the entire amount of money that your adversary demands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/12/intro.md b/luk/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..734e493ca6 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Luke 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Blasphemy against the Spirit" ##### + +There is a great deal of controversy regarding properly identifying this specific sin. However, it seems to involve insulting the Holy Spirit and his work. Since part of his work is to convince people that they are sinners and that they need God's forgiveness, anyone who mocked this truth would be unwilling to come in repentance to God. For this reason, he would not be forgiven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Stewardship ##### +Although this word is not used in this chapter, it is a concept which plays a significant part of the teaching of this chapter. Stewardship is being trustworthy in the handling of the things which have been entrusted to you. God expects each person to use the gifts that he has given to them. This includes not only the natural gifts or abilities that God has given to man, but the quality of a person's life especially related to living with the guarantee of eternal life. God also expects people to live in the expectation of the imminent return of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +##### Division ##### +There is an important teaching about division in this chapter ([Luke 12:51-56](./51.md)). This division is not intended to imply that people will become enemies. Instead, it references that there is now a clear division in the world between those who are Christians and those who are not. One's identity as a follower of Jesus is more significant than any family relation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "There is nothing concealed, that will not be revealed" ##### +There are some teachings that have implicit knowledge associated with them. This phrase and others concern a future time of judgment ([Luke 12:2-5](./02.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Son of man" ##### +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Some languages may not be able to have a person refer to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +##### General and Specific Instructions ##### +There are times that the New Testament gives specific instructions or commands that always apply to all Christians. At other times, its instructions are considered to be more general instructions and should only be taken as "good ideas." For example, "do not be anxious" or "sell your possessions" are not meant to be instructions to all Christians. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/01.md b/luk/13/01.md index 46fb2baf75..0568c4a87c 100644 --- a/luk/13/01.md +++ b/luk/13/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## At that time ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus is still speaking in front of the crowd. Some people in the crowd ask him a question and he begins to respond. This is the same part of the story that begin in [Luke 12:1](../12/01.md). + +# At that time This phrase connects this event to the end of chapter 12 when Jesus was teaching a crowd of people. -## whose blood Pilate mixed with their own sacrifices ## +# whose blood Pilate mixed with their own sacrifices -This is a figure of speech in which their death is spoken of in terms of their blood. It can be translated as "who were killed by Pilate when they were offering their sacrifices." Pilate probably ordered his soldiers to kill people rather than doing it himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "blood" refers to the death of the Galileans. They were probably killed while they were offering their sacrifices. This could be stated explicitly as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Do you think that these Galileans were more sinful ## +# whose blood Pilate mixed -"Were these Galileans more sinful" or "Does this prove that these Galileans were more sinful?" This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as a statement: "You think that these Galileans were more sinful" or as a command "Do not think that these Galileans were more sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Pilate probably ordered his soldiers to kill people rather than doing it himself. AT: "whom Pilate's soldiers killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## No, I tell you ## +# Do you think that these Galileans were more sinful ... way? -Jesus said "I tell you" here to emphasize "No." It can be translated as "Certainly not!" Possible meanings are "They certainly were not more sinful" or "Their suffering certainly does not prove that." It can be translated as "You are wrong to think that." +"Were these Galileans more sinful ... way?" or "Does this prove that these Galileans were more sinful ... way?" Jesus uses this question to challenge the understanding of the people. AT: "You think that these Galileans were more sinful ... way." or "Do not think that these Galileans were more sinful ... way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## all of you will perish in the same way ## +# No, I tell you -"all of you also will die." The phrase "in the same way" means "with the same result," not "by the same method." +Here "I tell you" emphasizes "no." AT: "They certainly were not more sinful" or "You are wrong to think that their suffering proves that they were more sinful" -## perish ## +# all of you will perish in the same way + +"all of you also will die." The phrase "in the same way" means they will experience the same result, not that they will die by the same method. + +# perish "lose your life" or "die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/04.md b/luk/13/04.md index 6e8bc0ef85..f8c0e26078 100644 --- a/luk/13/04.md +++ b/luk/13/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the crowd. +# Or those -## Or those ## +This is Jesus' second example of people who suffered. AT: "Or consider those" or "Think about those" -This is Jesus' second example of people who suffered. This can start with "Or consider those" or "Think about those." It can also be translated as "What about those" in order to connect it to the rhetorical question that follows it. - -## eighteen people ## +# eighteen people "18 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## do you think they were worse sinners ## +# Siloam -“Were they more sinful” or “Does this prove that they were more sinful?” This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as a statement: “You think that they were more sinful” or as a command “Do not think that they were more sinful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This is the name of an area in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## other men ## +# do you think they were worse sinners ... Jerusalem? -"other people" +"does this prove that they were more sinful ... Jerusalem?" Jesus uses this question to challenge the understanding of the people. AT: "do not think that they were more sinful ... Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## No, I say ## +# they were worse sinners -Jesus said “I say” here to emphasize “No.” It can be translated as "Certainly not!" Possible meanings are “They certainly were not more sinful” or “Their suffering certainly does not prove that.” It can be translated as “You are wrong to think that.” If the +The crowd assumed that they died in this terrible way because they were especially sinful. This could be explicitly stated. AT: "they died because they were worse sinners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## perish ## +# other men + +"other people." The word here is the general term for a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# No, I say + +Here "I say" emphasizes "No." It may be helpful to state Jesus' point clearly. AT: "They certainly did not die because they were more sinful" or "You are wrong to think that their suffering proves that they were more sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# perish "lose your life" or "die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/06.md b/luk/13/06.md index 3d548838f0..24176f1ca5 100644 --- a/luk/13/06.md +++ b/luk/13/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the crowd. +# General Information: -## Jesus told this parable ## +Jesus begins to tell the crowd a parable to explain his last statement, "But if you do not repent, all of you will also perish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -He spoke the parable to explain his statement in the previous verse that they should repent or perish. +# Someone had a fig tree planted in his vineyard -## Why let it waste the ground ## +"A person had a vineyard and a fig tree had been planted in it" -This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as a statement as it is in the UDB or as a command: "Do not let it waste the ground." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Why let it waste the ground? + +The man uses a question to emphasize that the tree is useless and the gardener should cut it down. AT: "Do not let it waste the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/08.md b/luk/13/08.md index d67f9298b2..5623ae50c3 100644 --- a/luk/13/08.md +++ b/luk/13/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues telling his story. +# Connecting Statement: -## Leave it alone ## +Jesus finishes telling his parable. This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Luke 12:1](../12/01.md). -This can be translated as "Do not do anything to the tree" or "Do not cut it down." +# Leave it alone -## year ## +"Do not do anything to the tree" or "Do not cut it down" -See [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]]. +# put manure on it -## and put manure on it ## +"put manure in the soil." Manure is animal dung. People put it in the ground to make the soil good for plants and trees. AT: "put fertilizer on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"and put manure in the soil." Manure is animal dung. People put it in the ground to make the soil good for plants and trees. +# If it bears fruit next year, good -## cut it down ## +It may be helpful to state what will happen. AT: "If it has figs on it next year, we can allow it to keep growing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -This can be translated as "Let me cut it down" or "Tell me to cut it down." The servant was making a suggestion; he was not giving a command to the owner. \ No newline at end of file +# cut it down + +The servant was making a suggestion; he was not giving a command to the owner. AT: "Tell me to cut it down" or "I will cut it down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/10.md b/luk/13/10.md index 3fc078c8b0..9a34541005 100644 --- a/luk/13/10.md +++ b/luk/13/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## during the Sabbath ## +# General Information: + +This is the next part of the story. These verses give background information about the setting of this part of the story and about a crippled woman who is introduced into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Now + +This word marks a new part of the story. + +# during the Sabbath "on a Sabbath day." Some languages would say "a Sabbath" because we do not know which particular Sabbath day it was. -## Behold ## +# Behold, a woman was there -The word “behold” here alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses “There was a woman who …” +The word "behold" here alerts us to a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## an evil spirit of weakness ## +# eighteen years + +"18 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# a spirit of weakness "an evil spirit that made her weak" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/12.md b/luk/13/12.md index 8292d30195..c11ab4c66a 100644 --- a/luk/13/12.md +++ b/luk/13/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Be free from your weakness ## +# Woman, you are freed from your weakness -"You are healed from your disease." By saying this, Jesus was making it happen. It can be translated as a command (ULB) or as a statement (UDB). (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]]) +"Woman, you are healed from your disease." This can be expressed with an active verb: AT: "Woman, I have set you free from your weakness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he placed his hands on her ## +# Woman, you are freed from your weakness -"he touched her" +By saying this, Jesus healed her. So it can be expressed with a sentence that shows that he was causing it to happen: "Woman, I now free you from your weakness," or by a command "Woman, be freed from your weakness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]]) -## was indignant because Jesus had healed ## +# He placed his hands on her -This can be translated as "was angry that Jesus healed." +"He touched her" -## answered and said ## +# she was straightened up + +This could be stated in active form. AT: "she stood up straight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was indignant + +"was very angry" + +# answered and said "said" or "responded" -## come and be healed then ## +# be healed then -"come for healing during those six days" \ No newline at end of file +This could be stated in active form. AT: "let someone heal you during those six days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on the Sabbath day + +"on a Sabbath day." Some languages would say "a Sabbath" because we do not know which particular Sabbath day it was. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/15.md b/luk/13/15.md index 19bea41458..02426f82bc 100644 --- a/luk/13/15.md +++ b/luk/13/15.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## The Lord answered him ## +# The Lord answered him -"the Lord responded to the synagogue ruler" +"The Lord responded to the synagogue ruler" -## Does not each of you untie your donkey ## +# Hypocrites -This starts a rhetorical question. Jesus used this to get them to think about something they already knew. It can be translated as statement: "You untie your donkey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus speaks directly to the synagogue ruler, but the plural form includes the other religious rulers also. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "You and your fellow religious leaders are hypocrites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## donkey or cow ## +# Does not each of you untie your donkey ... Sabbath? + +Jesus uses a question to get them to think about something they already knew. AT: "You untie your donkey ... Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# donkey or cow These are animals that people care for by giving them water. -## daughter of Abraham ## +# on the Sabbath -"descendant of Abraham" +"on a Sabbath." Some languages would say "a Sabbath" because we do not know which particular Sabbath day it was. -## whom Satan bound ## +# daughter of Abraham -This is a metaphor. It means "whom Satan kept crippled." The metaphor can be kept and the meaning can be made explicit: "whom Satan bound with this disease." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is an idiom that means, "descendant of Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## eighteen long years ## +# whom Satan bound -The word "long" here emphasizes that eighteen years was a very long time for the woman to suffer. Other languages may have other ways of emphasizing this. +Jesus compares people tying animals to the way Satan restricted the woman with this disease. AT: "whom Satan kept crippled by her illness" or "whom Satan bound with this disease" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to untie her bonds ## +# eighteen long years -This is a metaphor. It can be translated as "to untie her from Satan" or "to untie the bonds of this illness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"18 long years." The word "long" here emphasizes that eighteen years was a very long time for the woman to suffer. Other languages may have other ways of emphasizing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# should her bonds not be untied ... day? + +Jesus uses a question to convict the synagogue rulers. Jesus speaks about the women's disease as if it were ropes that bound her. This can be translated as an active statement. AT: "it is right to release her from the bonds of this illness ... day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/17.md b/luk/13/17.md index ce211f040f..b0af805dba 100644 --- a/luk/13/17.md +++ b/luk/13/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## As he said these things ## +# As he said these things "When Jesus said these things" -## the glorious things he did ## +# the glorious things he did "the glorious things Jesus was doing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/18.md b/luk/13/18.md index ac0b0b1422..a4c408c60c 100644 --- a/luk/13/18.md +++ b/luk/13/18.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to teach the people in the synagogue. +# Connecting Statement: -## What is the kingdom of God like ## +Jesus begins to tell a parable to the people in the synagogue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -This is a rhetorical question that introduces what Jesus wants to talk about it. It can be translated as a statement: "I will tell you what the kingdom of God is like." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# What is the kingdom of God like ... what can I compare it to? -## what will I compare it to ## +Jesus uses two questions to introduce what he is about to teach. AT: "I will tell you what the kingdom of God is like ... what I can compare it to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This is basically the same as the previous rhetorical question. Jesus used it to introduce what he would talk about. Some languages can use both of these, and some would use only one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# what can I compare it to? -## a mustard seed ## +This is basically the same as the previous question. Some languages can use both questions, and some would use only one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Mustard seeds are very small seeds that grow into large plants. If these are not known, it can be translated with the name of another seed like it or simply as "a small seed." +# It is like a mustard seed -## and threw into his garden ## +Jesus compares the kingdom to a mustard seed. AT: "The kingdom of God is like a mustard seed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -"and planted in his garden." People planted some kinds of seeds by throwing them so that they scattered in the garden. +# a mustard seed -## a big tree ## +Mustard seeds are very small seeds that grow into large plants. If these are not known, it can be translated with the name of another seed like it or simply as "a small seed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -This is an exaggeration to make a point. It can also be translated as "a very large shrub." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# threw into his garden -## birds of heaven ## +"planted in his garden." People planted some kinds of seeds by throwing them so that they scattered in the garden. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"birds of the sky." It can be translated as "birds that fly in the sky" or simply "birds." \ No newline at end of file +# a big tree + +The word "big" is an exaggeration that contrasts the tree with the tiny seed. AT: "a very large shrub" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# birds of heaven + +"birds of the sky." AT: "birds that fly in the sky" or "birds" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/20.md b/luk/13/20.md index 4d6a9004c3..fa04352a94 100644 --- a/luk/13/20.md +++ b/luk/13/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues speaking in the synagogue. +# Connecting Statement: -## To what will I compare the Kingdom of God? ## +Jesus finishes speaking to the people in the synagogue. This is the end of this part of the story. -This is another rhetorical question that introduces what Jesus wants to talk about it. It can be translated as a statement as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# To what can I compare the kingdom of God? -## It is like yeast ## +Jesus uses another question to introduce what he is about to teach. AT: "I will tell you another thing that I can compare to the kingdom of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Only a little bit of yeast was needed to make a lot of dough rise. This can be made clear as it is in the UDB. +# It is like yeast -## three measures of flour ## +Jesus compares the kingdom of God to yeast in bread dough. AT: "The kingdom of God is like yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -It can be translated as "a large amount of flour" or with a term that your culture uses for measuring a large amount of flour. \ No newline at end of file +# like yeast + +Only a little bit of yeast was needed to make a lot of dough rise. This can be made clear as it is in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# three measures of flour + +This is a large amount of flour, since each measure was about 13 liters. You may need to use a term that your culture uses to measure flour. AT: "a large amount of flour" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/22.md b/luk/13/22.md index a40e9293d9..bf6d33c5a3 100644 --- a/luk/13/22.md +++ b/luk/13/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## Struggle to enter the narrow door ## +# General Information: -"Work hard to go through the narrow doorway." This is part of a metaphor about God's kingdom . In this metaphor, God's kingdom is represented by a house. Jesus was speaking to a group of people. So the "you" implied in this command is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +This is the next part of the story. Jesus responds to a question by using a metaphor about entering God's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the narrow door ## +# Jesus visited each town and village ... and taught them -Becoming part of the kingdom is represented by entering the narrow door. The fact that the door is narrow implies that only a few people at a time can go through it. Translate it in a way to keep this restrictive meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is background information that tell us what Jesus had been doing when this event occurred. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# taught them + +Here "town" and "village" are metonyms for the people who lived in them. AT: "taught the people in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# are only a few people to be saved? + +This could be stated in active form. AT: "will God save only a few people?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Struggle to enter through the narrow door + +"Work hard to go through the narrow doorway." Jesus is speaking about the entrance to God's kingdom as if it were a small doorway to a house. Since Jesus is talking to a group, the "you" implied in this command is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the narrow door + +The fact that the door is narrow implies that it is difficult to go through it. Translate it in a way to keep this restrictive meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# many will want to enter, but will not be able to enter + +It is implied that they will not be able to enter because of the difficulty of entering. The next verse explains the difficulty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/25.md b/luk/13/25.md index 55eeaaac97..f23e48ae77 100644 --- a/luk/13/25.md +++ b/luk/13/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues talking about entering into God's kingdom. +# Connecting Statement: -## the owner of the house ## +Jesus continues to talk about entering into God's kingdom. -This refers to God and can be translated as “God.” +# Once the owner -## you will stand outside ## +"When the owner" -Jesus was talking to a crowd. The form of "you" is plural (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]). He is addressing them as if they will not enter through the door into the kingdom. +# the owner of the house -## Get away from me ## +This refers to the owner of the house with the narrow door in the previous verses. This is a metaphor for God as the ruler of the kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will stand outside + +Jesus was talking to a crowd. The form of "you" is plural. He is addressing them as if they will not enter through the narrow door into the kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# pound the door + +"hit on the door." This is an attempt to gain the owner's attention. + +# Get away from me "Go away from me" -## evil-doers ## +# evildoers -doers** - "people who do evil" \ No newline at end of file +"people who do evil" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/28.md b/luk/13/28.md index 60b2e54515..488eaf6d2e 100644 --- a/luk/13/28.md +++ b/luk/13/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to talk about going into God's kingdom. +# Connecting Statement: -## but you—you were thrown outside ## +Jesus continues to talk about entering into God's kingdom. This is the end of this conversation. -"but you yourselves will have been thrown outside" +# crying and the grinding of teeth -## They will arrive ## +These actions indicate deep regret and sadness. Your culture may have terms that mean the same thing. -"People will come" +# when you see -## the last are the first ## +Jesus continues to speak to the crowd as if they will not enter into the kingdom of heaven. -This is about honor or importance. It can be translated as "Some who are the least important will be the most important" or "Some who are dishonored will be honored." \ No newline at end of file +# but you are thrown out + +"but you yourselves will have been thrown outside." This can be stated in active form. AT: "but God will have forced you outside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the east, west, north, and south + +This means "from every direction." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# be seated at a table in the kingdom of God + +It was common to speak of the joy in God's kingdom as a feast. AT: "they will feast in the kingdom of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will be first ... will be last + +Being first represents being important or honored. AT: "will be the most important ... will be the least important" or "God will honor them ... God will shame them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/31.md b/luk/13/31.md index 2ed3796511..5fc36c616b 100644 --- a/luk/13/31.md +++ b/luk/13/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Shortly after ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Shortly after Jesus finished speaking" +This is the next event in this part of the story. Jesus is still on his way towards Jerusalem, when some Pharisees speak to him about Herod. -## Go and leave here because Herod wants to kill you ## +# Shortly after + +"Soon after Jesus finished speaking" + +# Go and leave here because Herod wants to kill you Translate this as a warning to Jesus. They were advising him to go somewhere else and be safe. -## Herod wants to kill you ## +# Herod wants to kill you -"Herod wants to have you killed." Herod would order people to kill Jesus. +Herod would order people to kill Jesus. AT: "Herod wants to send his men to kill you" -## that fox ## +# that fox -Jesus was calling Herod a fox. A fox is a small wild dog. This is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) Herod was not much of a threat at all 2) Herod was deceptive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +Jesus was calling Herod a fox. A fox is a small wild dog. Possible meanings are 1) Herod was not much of a threat at all 2) Herod was deceptive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). -## it is not acceptable to kill a prophet away from Jerusalem ## +# In any case -The Jewish leaders killed many of God's prophets in Jerusalem and Jesus knew that they would kill him there too. AT: "It is in Jerusalem that the Jewish leaders kill God's messengers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Nevertheless" or "However" or "Whatever happens" + +# it is not acceptable to kill a prophet away from Jerusalem + +The Jewish leaders claimed to serve God. And yet their ancestors killed many of God's prophets in Jerusalem, and Jesus knew that they would kill him there too. AT: "it is in Jerusalem that the Jewish leaders kill God's messengers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/34.md b/luk/13/34.md index 07903821c1..3a851e1f1a 100644 --- a/luk/13/34.md +++ b/luk/13/34.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -Jesus continues speaking with the Pharisees before going to Jerusalem. +# Connecting Statement: -## Jerusalem, Jerusalem ## +Jesus finishes responding to the Pharisees. This is the end of this part of the story. + +# Jerusalem, Jerusalem Jesus speaks as if the people of Jerusalem were there listening to him. Jesus said this twice to show how sad he was for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## who kills the prophets and stones those sent to you ## +# who kills the prophets and stones those sent to you -If it would be strange to address the city, you can make it clear that Jesus was really addressing the people in the city: "you people who kill the prophets and stone those God has sent to you" +If it would be strange to address the city, you can make it clear that Jesus was really addressing the people in the city: "you people who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to gather your children ## +# those sent to you -"to gather your people" or "to gather you" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those God has sent to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the way a hen gathers her brood under her wings ## +# How often I desired -This metaphor describes how a hen protects her young from harm by covering them with her wings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"I so often desired." This is an exclamation and not a question. -## your house is abandoned ## +# to gather your children -This is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) "God has abandoned you" or 2) "Your city is empty." It means that God has stopped protecting the people of Jerusalem, so enemies can attack them and drive them away. This is a prophecy about something that would happen soon. It can be translated as "your house will be abandoned" or "God will abandon you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The people of Jerusalem are described as her "children." AT: "to gather your people" or "to gather the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you will not see me until you say ## +# the way a hen gathers her brood under her wings -"you will not see me until the time comes when you will say" or "the next time you see me, you will say" \ No newline at end of file +This describes how a hen protects her young from harm by covering them with her wings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your house is abandoned + +This is a prophecy about something that would happen soon. It means that God has stopped protecting the people of Jerusalem, so enemies can attack them and drive them away. Possible meanings are 1) God will abandon them. AT: "God will abandon you" or 2) their city will be empty. AT: "your house will be abandoned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will not see me until you say + +"you will not see me until the time comes when you will say" or "the next time you see me, you will say" + +# the name of the Lord + +Here "name" refers to the Lord's power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/13/intro.md b/luk/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a502d45f9d --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Luke 13 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Assumed Knowledge ##### +This chapter begins with references to two events, the details of which have not been preserved ([Luke 13:1-5](./01.md)). Despite this lack of knowledge, the teaching still makes sense to the modern reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd, that appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "the last are the first, and the first will be last" ([Luke 13:30](./28.md)). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/01.md b/luk/14/01.md index 2fc11ad7f4..113408ed7f 100644 --- a/luk/14/01.md +++ b/luk/14/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## to eat bread ## +# General Information: + +This is the next part of the story. It is the Sabbath and Jesus is at Pharisee's house. Verse 1 gives background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# It happened one Sabbath + +This indicates a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# to eat bread "to eat" or "for a meal." Bread was an important part of a meal and is used in this sentence to refer to a meal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## watching him closely ## +# watching him closely They wanted to see if they could accuse him of doing anything wrong. -## Behold, there in front of him was a man ## +# Behold, there in front of him was a man -The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There in front of him was a man who was…” +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There in front of him was a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## was suffering from edema ## +# was suffering from edema -Edema is swelling caused by water building up in parts of the body. Some languages may have a name for this condition. This phrase can be translated as “was suffering because parts of his body were swollen with water.” +Edema is swelling caused by water building up in parts of the body. Some languages may have a name for this condition. AT: "was suffering because parts of his body were swollen with water" -## Is it lawful to heal ## +# Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath, or not? -"Does the law permit us to heal" \ No newline at end of file +"Does the law permit us to heal on the Sabbath, or does it forbid it?" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/04.md b/luk/14/04.md index 4e9f2f8918..85f4fcf628 100644 --- a/luk/14/04.md +++ b/luk/14/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## But they kept silent ## +# But they kept silent The religious leaders refused to answer Jesus' question. -## Jesus put his hands on the man ## +# So Jesus took hold of him -"Jesus touched the man" +"So Jesus took hold of the man who suffered from edema" -## Which of you who has a son or an ox … will not immediately pull him out ## +# Which of you who has a son or an ox ... will not immediately pull him out? -This was a rhetorical question. He wanted them to admit that they would help their son or ox, even on the Sabbath, so therefore, it was right for him to heal people even on the Sabbath. This can be translated as "If one of you had a son or an ox that fell into a well on the Sabbath, you would surely pull him out immediately." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +Jesus uses a question because he wanted them to admit that they would help their son or ox, even on the Sabbath. Therefore, it was right for him to heal people even on the Sabbath. AT: "If one of you has a son or an ox ... you would surely pull him out immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## They were not able to answer ## +# They were not able to give an answer -This can be translated as "they had nothing to say." It's not that they did not know the answer to Jesus' question. Rather, they knew that he was right and they did not want to say anything about it. \ No newline at end of file +They knew the answer and that Jesus was right, but they did not want to admit that he was correct. AT: "They had nothing to say" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/07.md b/luk/14/07.md index 801f0593f4..cba39b86bb 100644 --- a/luk/14/07.md +++ b/luk/14/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to speak to the people at the Pharisee's house. +# Connecting Statement: -## the seats of honor ## +Jesus continues to speak to the guests at the house of the Pharisee who had invited him to a meal. -the seats for people who were given honor +# those who were invited -## and then in shame ## +It may be helpful to identify these people, and to state this in active form. AT: "those whom the leader of the Pharisees had invited to the meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"Then you will feel ashamed and" \ No newline at end of file +# the seats of honor + +"the seats for honored people" or "the seats for important people" + +# When you are invited by someone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When someone invites you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When you ... than you ... say to you ... you will proceed + +These occurrences of "you" are singular. Jesus is speaking to the group as if to each individual person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# because someone may have been invited who is more honored than you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because the host may have invited a person who is more important than you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# both of you + +This occurrence of "you" refers to the two people who want the same seat of honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# in shame + +"you will feel ashamed and" + +# the lowest place + +"the least important place" or "the place for the least important person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/10.md b/luk/14/10.md index 303fbb6635..481fab8eb0 100644 --- a/luk/14/10.md +++ b/luk/14/10.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus continues speaking to the people at the Pharisee's house. -## the lowest place ## +# when you are invited + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when someone invites you to a meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the lowest place "the seat meant for the least important person" -## go up higher ## +# go up higher -"Move to a seat higher honor" +"move to a seat for a more important person" -## who exalts himself ## +# Then you will be honored -"tries to look important" or "who takes an important position" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then the one who invited you will honor you" or "Then those who sit at the table will honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## will be humbled ## +# who exalts himself -"will be shown to be unimportant" or "will be give an unimportant position" +"who tries to look important" or "who takes an important position" -## humbles himself ## +# will be humbled + +"will be shown to be unimportant" or "will be given an unimportant position." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# humbles himself "who chooses to look unimportant" or "who takes an unimportant position" -## will be exalted ## +# will be exalted -"will be shown to be important" or "will be given an important position" \ No newline at end of file +"will be shown to be important" or "will be given an important position." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will exalt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/12.md b/luk/14/12.md index 36ef12a819..5d2a849e9a 100644 --- a/luk/14/12.md +++ b/luk/14/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## as they may ## +# Connecting Statement: -"because they might" \ No newline at end of file +Jesus continues speaking at the Pharisee's house, but addresses his host directly. + +# the man who had invited him + +"the Pharisee who had invited him to his house for a meal" + +# When you give + +"you" is singular because Jesus is speaking directly to the Pharisee that invited him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# do not invite + +This probably does not mean they can never invite these people. More likely it means they should invite others as well. AT: "do not only invite" or "do not always invite" + +# as they may + +"because they might" + +# you will be repaid + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "in this way they will repay you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/13.md b/luk/14/13.md index 39adf97809..f76975f239 100644 --- a/luk/14/13.md +++ b/luk/14/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus continues speaking to the Pharisee who had invited him to his home. -## they cannot repay you ## +# invite the poor -AT: "they cannot invite you to a banquet in return" +It may be helpful to add "also" since this statement is probably not exclusive. AT: "also invite the poor" -## in the resurrection of the just ## +# you will be blessed -"when God brings the righteous people back to life" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they cannot repay you + +"they cannot invite you to a banquet in return" + +# you will be repaid + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will repay you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the resurrection of the just + +This refers to the final judgment. AT: "when God brings the righteous people back to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/15.md b/luk/14/15.md index 06649a58b6..7a08d3bb0a 100644 --- a/luk/14/15.md +++ b/luk/14/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## Blessed is he ## +# General Information: -The man was not talking about a specific person. It can also be translated "Blessed is anyone who" or "How good it is for everyone." +One of the men at the table speaks to Jesus and Jesus responds to him by telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## he who will eat bread ## +# one of them who sat at the table -This can be translated as "who will eat at the meal." The word "bread" is used to refer to the whole meal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This introduces a new person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## when the dinner was prepared ## +# Blessed is he -This can be translated as "At the time for the dinner" or "When the dinner was about to begin." +The man was not talking about a specific person. AT: "Blessed is anyone who" or "How good it is for everyone" -## those who were invited ## +# he who will eat bread -"those he had invited" \ No newline at end of file +The word "bread" is used to refer to the whole meal. AT: "he who will eat at the meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# But Jesus said to him + +Jesus begins telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# A certain man + +This phrase is a way of referring to the man without giving any specific information about his identity. + +# invited many + +"invited many people" or "invited many guests" + +# When the dinner was prepared + +"At the time for the dinner" or "When the dinner was about to begin" + +# those who were invited + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those he had invited" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/18.md b/luk/14/18.md index fcc1bdd0af..5c79e7e7a3 100644 --- a/luk/14/18.md +++ b/luk/14/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus continues telling his parable. -## to make excuses ## +# General Information: -Here it means "to say why they could not come to the dinner." +All of the people who were invited gave the servant excuses about why they could not come to the banquet. -## Please excuse me ## +# to make excuses + +"to say why they could not come to the dinner" + +# Please excuse me "Please forgive me" or "Please accept my apology" -## five pairs of oxen ## +# five pairs of oxen -Oxen are cows or bulls that people use to pull heavy loads or do other hard work. Oxen usually work in pairs. +Oxen were used in pairs to pull farming tools. AT: "10 oxen to work in my fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## married a wife ## +# married a wife Use an expression that is natural in your language. Some languages may say "gotten married" or "taken a wife." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/21.md b/luk/14/21.md index 166665fb70..ca2bacae44 100644 --- a/luk/14/21.md +++ b/luk/14/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. - -## became angry ## +# became angry "became angry with the people he had invited" -## The servant said ## +# bring in here -It may be necessary to state clearly the implied information that the servant did what the master commanded him as in the UDB: "After the servant went out and did that, he came back and said." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"invite in here to eat the dinner" + +# The servant said + +It may be necessary to state clearly the implied information that the servant did what the master commanded him. AT: "After the servant went out and did that, he came back and said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# what you commanded has been done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have done what you commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/23.md b/luk/14/23.md index 726140fc94..10c3ed5c45 100644 --- a/luk/14/23.md +++ b/luk/14/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# Connecting Statement: -## the highways and hedges ## +Jesus finishes his parable. -This refers to roads and paths outside of the city. It can be translated as "the main roads and paths outside of the city." +# the highways and hedges -## those men ## +This refers to roads and paths outside of the city. AT: "the main roads and paths outside of the city" + +# compel them to come in + +"demand that they come in" + +# that my house may be filled + +"so that people may fill my house" + +# For I say to you + +The word "you" is plural, so it is unclear to whom it is addressed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# those men The word here for "men" means "male adults" and not just people in general. -## who were first invited ## +# who were invited -"whom I first invited" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom I invited" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## will taste my dinner ## +# will taste my dinner "will enjoy the dinner I have prepared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/25.md b/luk/14/25.md index a5278b3e44..094ab2890f 100644 --- a/luk/14/25.md +++ b/luk/14/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## If anyone comes to me and does not hate his own father...he cannot be my disciple. ## +# General Information: -This can also be expressed positively: "If anyone comes to me, he can be my disciple only if he hates his own father." +Jesus begins to teach the crowd that was traveling with him. -## hate ## +# If anyone comes to me and does not hate his own father ... he cannot be my disciple -This is an exaggeration to show how important it is to love Jesus much more than anyone else. If the hyperbole would be misunderstood, it can be translated as "If anyone comes to me and does not love me more than he loves his father...he cannot be my disciple" or positively as "If anyone comes to me, he can be my disciple only if he loves me more than he loves his own father." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here, "hate" is an exaggeration for the lesser love people are to show to people other than Jesus. AT: "If anyone comes to me and does not love me more than he loves his father ... he cannot be my disciple" or "Only if a person loves me more than he loves his own father ... can he be my disciple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## yes, and his own life also ## +# Whoever does not carry his own cross and come after me cannot be my disciple -"and even his own life" +This could be stated with positive verbs. AT: "If anyone wants to be my disciple, he must carry his own cross and follow me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## Whoever does not carry his own cross and come after me cannot be my disciple ## +# carry his own cross -This can be expressed positively: "If anyone wants to be my disciple, he must carry his own cross and follow me." - -## carry his own cross ## - -This means "be willing to die." People who were condemned to die were often forced to carry the cross on which they would be hung and killed. People who followed Christ would have to be willing to suffer persecution that could come. \ No newline at end of file +Jesus does not mean every Christian must be crucified. The Romans often made people carry their own crosses before they crucified them as a sign of their submission to Rome. This metaphor means they must submit to God and be willing to suffer in any way to be Jesus' disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/28.md b/luk/14/28.md index d7e3645299..885d0a7e21 100644 --- a/luk/14/28.md +++ b/luk/14/28.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the crowds. +# General Information: -## For which of you ## +Jesus continues to explain to the crowd that it is important to count the cost of being a disciple. -This is the beginning of a rhetorical question. Jesus used it to get people to think about what they would do in a particular situation. It can also be translated as a statement: If one of you wanted to build a tower, you would certainly first sit down and count the cost." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# For which of you, who desires to build a tower, does not first sit down and count the cost to calculate if he has what he needs to complete it? -## tower ## +Jesus uses this question to prove that people count the cost of a project before they begin it. AT: "If a person wanted to build a tower, he would certainly first sit down and determine if he had enough money to complete it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This may have been a watchtower in a vineyard. Some languages might translate it as "a tall building" or "a high lookout platform." +# tower -## Otherwise ## +This may have been a watchtower. AT: "a tall building" or "a high lookout platform." -"If he does not first count the cost" +# Otherwise -## when he has laid the foundation ## +It may be helpful to give more information. AT: "If he does not first count the cost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -"when he has built the base." It can also be translated as "when he started building." \ No newline at end of file +# when he has laid a foundation + +"when he has built a base" or "when he has completed the first part of the building" + +# is not able to finish + +It is understood that he was not able to finish because he did not have enough money. This could be stated. AT: "does not have enough money to be able to finish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/31.md b/luk/14/31.md index 48e0fff2e6..d5aa2e2d7e 100644 --- a/luk/14/31.md +++ b/luk/14/31.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the crowd. +# General Information: -## Or ## +Jesus continues to explain to the crowd that it is important to count the cost of being a disciple. + +# Or Jesus used this word to introduce another situation where people count the cost before making a decision. -## what king … will not sit down first and take counsel ## +# what king ... will not sit down first and take advice ... men? -This starts off another rhetorical question. It can be translated as as statement: "You know that a king … would sit down first and take counsel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus uses another question to teach the crowd about counting the cost. AT: "you know that a king ... would sit down first and take counsel ... men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## take counsel ## +# take advice -Possible meanings are 1) "think carefully about" or 2) "listen to his advisors" +Possible meanings are 1) "think carefully about" or 2) "listen to his advisors." -## ten thousand...twenty thousand ## +# ten thousand ... twenty thousand -"10,000...20,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"10,000 ... 20,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## And if not ## +# If not -"and if he realizes that he will not be able to to defeat the other king" or "If he decided his army could not defeat the other army" (ULB) +It may be helpful to state more information. AT: "If he realizes that he will not be able to defeat the other king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## ambassador ## +# conditions of peace -"messenger" or "representative" +"terms to end the war" or "what the other king wants him to do in order to end the war" -## anyone of you who does not give up all that he has cannot be my disciple ## +# any one of you who does not give up all that he has cannot be my disciple -This can be expressed positively: "Only those of you who give up all that you have can be my disciples." +This can be stated with positive verbs. AT: "only those of you who give up all that you have can be my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## give up all that he has ## +# give up all that he has "leave behind all that he has" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/34.md b/luk/14/34.md index 0a790d72c5..8418f00b47 100644 --- a/luk/14/34.md +++ b/luk/14/34.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the crowd following him. +# Connecting Statement: -## Salt is good ## +Jesus finishes teaching the crowd. -"Salt is useful" +# Salt is good -## how can it be made salty again ## +"Salt is useful." Jesus is teaching a lesson about those who want to be his disciple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This is a rhetorical question. It can also be translated as "It cannot be made salty again" or "No one can make it salty again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# how can it be made salty again? -## for the soil or the manure pile ## +Jesus uses a question to teach the crowd. AT: "it cannot be made salty again." or "no one can make it salty again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"Manure pile" can be translated as "compost heap" or "fertilizer." Manure was used to fertilize gardens and fields. Food that had gone bad could be mixed in with manure. But salt that had lost its flavor could not be used even for that. It was completely useless. +# manure pile -## He who has ears to hear, let him hear ## +People use manure to fertilize gardens and fields. Salt without taste is so useless it is not even worth mixing with manure. AT: "compost heap" or "fertilizer" -This can also be translated as a command: "If you have hears to hear, listen well" or "If you hear what I am saying, pay attention." +# It is thrown away -## He who has ears to hear ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone just throws it away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -“Whoever can hear” or “If anyone hears me” +# He who has ears to hear, let him hear -## let him hear ## +It may be more natural in some languages to use the second person: "You who have ears to hear, hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -“let him listen well” or “let him pay attention to what I say” \ No newline at end of file +# He who has ears to hear + +Possible meanings are 1) "Everyone" since everyone has ears or 2) "Whoever has the ability to understand" which refers to those who are willing to listen to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let him hear + +"he should listen well" or "he should pay attention to what I say" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/14/intro.md b/luk/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..da7aeedda2 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# Luke 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Verse 3 says, "Jesus asked the experts in the Jewish law and the Pharisees, "Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath, or not?" Many times, the Pharisees got angry with Jesus for healing on the Sabbath. In this passage, Jesus dumbfounds the Pharisees. It was normally the Pharisees who tried to trap Jesus. + +##### Abrupt transitions ##### + +This chapter abruptly shifts from one topic to another. There are several large sections comprised of multiple verses and other short teachings contained in a single verse. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Allegory ##### + +Luke [Luke 14:15-24](./15.md) probably functions as an extended metaphor. The kingdom of God can be represented as a wedding feast or dinner. This metaphor would then signify that people reject Jesus for a variety of unimportant reasons and because of this miss out on the great blessing of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd, that appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "for everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted" ([Luke 14:11](./10.md)). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/01.md b/luk/15/01.md index 36345a0674..0d68cca3c7 100644 --- a/luk/15/01.md +++ b/luk/15/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## This man welcomes sinners ## +# General Information: + +This is the next part of the story. We do not know where this take places; it is simply one day when Jesus was teaching. + +# Now + +This marks the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# all the tax collectors + +This is an exaggeration to stress that there were very many of them. AT: "many tax collectors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# This man welcomes sinners "This man lets sinners into his presence" or "This man associates with sinners" -## This man ## +# This man They were talking about Jesus. -## even eats with them ## +# even eats with them The word "even" shows that they thought it was bad enough that Jesus allowed sinners to come to him, but it was worse that he would eat with them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/03.md b/luk/15/03.md index 26f1e07ea3..c50645a9b8 100644 --- a/luk/15/03.md +++ b/luk/15/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Jesus spoke this parable to them ## +# General Information: -"To them" refers to the religious leaders. +Jesus begins to tell several parables. These parables are hypothetical situations about things that anyone could experience. They are not about particular people. The first parable is about what a person would do if one of his sheep was lost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## Which one of you . . will not leave the ninety nine . . and go after . . until he finds it? ## +# to them -This is a rhetorical question. Jesus was reminding the people that if any of them lost one of their sheep, they would certainly go looking for it. This can be translated as a statement as in the UDB. Some languages have ways of showing that this is a hypothetical situation and not a story about a particular person who has lost a sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +Here "them" refers to the religious leaders. -## Which one of you, if he has a hundred sheep ## +# Which one of you ... will not leave ... until he finds it? -Since the parable starts with "Which one of you," some languages would continue the parable in the second person "if you have a hundred sheep." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +Jesus uses a question to remind the people that if any of them lost one of their sheep, they would certainly go looking for it. AT: "Each of you ... would certainly leave ... until he finds it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## hundred...ninety-nine ## +# Which one of you, if he has a hundred sheep -nine** - "100...99" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +Since the parable starts with "Which one of you," some languages would continue the parable in the second person. AT: "Which one of you, if you have a hundred sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# hundred ... ninety-nine + +"100 ... 99" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# lays it across his shoulders + +This was the way shepherds carried sheep. This could be stated. AT: "lays it across his shoulders to carry it home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/06.md b/luk/15/06.md index 6871b24654..11b0faccca 100644 --- a/luk/15/06.md +++ b/luk/15/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# When he comes to the house -## And when he comes to the house ## +"When the owner of the sheep comes home" or "When you come home." Refer to the owner of the sheep as you did in the previous verse. -"When the owner of the sheep comes home" or "And when you come home" (UDB). Refer to the owner of the sheep as you did in the previous verse. - -## I say to you ## - -The word "I" refers to Jesus. He is speaking to a group of people, so the word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) - -## even so ## +# even so "in the same way" or "as the shepherd and his friends and neighbors would rejoice" -## there will be joy in heaven ## +# there will be joy in heaven "everyone in heaven will rejoice" -## ninety-nine righteous persons who do not need to repent ## +# ninety-nine righteous persons who do not need to repent -nine righteous persons who do not need to repent** - "ninety nine people who think that they are righteous and do not need to repent." Jesus was not saying that there really are any righteous people. Rather he was using a figure of speech called irony, because he was talking to people who assumed that they were righteous, but they were not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus uses sarcasm to say that the Pharisees were wrong to think that they did not need to repent. Your language may have a different way to express this idea. AT: "ninety-nine persons like you, who think they are righteous and do not need to repent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# ninety-nine + +"99" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/08.md b/luk/15/08.md index 838359415b..1546d516f9 100644 --- a/luk/15/08.md +++ b/luk/15/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the religious leaders. +# Connecting Statement: -## What woman…would not light a lamp…and seek diligently until she has found it? ## +Jesus begins telling another parable. It is about a woman with 10 sliver coins. -This is a rhetorical question. Jesus was reminding the people that if any of them lost a silver coin, they would certainly look for it diligently. This sentence can be translated as “You know that if a woman had ten silver coins and lost one, she would light a lamp, sweep the floor and search carefully until she has found it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Or what woman ... would not light a lamp ... and seek diligently until she has found it? -## what woman ## +Jesus uses a question to remind the people that if any of them lost a silver coin, they would certainly look for it diligently. AT: "Any woman ... would certainly light a lamp ... and seek diligently until she has found it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# if she were to lose This is a hypothetical situation and not a story about a real woman. Some languages have ways of showing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## Even so ## +# Even so "In the same way" or "Just as people would rejoice with the woman" -## over one sinner who repents ## +# over one sinner who repents -This can be translated as "when one sinner repents." \ No newline at end of file +"when one sinner repents" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/11.md b/luk/15/11.md index 71f4573131..bbd08b6c2a 100644 --- a/luk/15/11.md +++ b/luk/15/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## A certain man ## +# Connecting Statement: -This is the beginning of a parable. Introduce it in a way that is natural in your language. Some languages might say "There was a man who." +Jesus begins telling another parable. It is about a young man who asks his father for his part of the inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## give me now ## +# A certain man + +This introduces a new character in the parable. Some languages might say "There was a man who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# give me The son wanted his father to give it to him immediately. Languages that have a command form that means that they want it done immediately should use that form. -## the property I am due to inherit ## +# the portion of the wealth that falls to me -"the part of your wealth that you planned to give to me when you die" \ No newline at end of file +"the part of your wealth that you planned for me to receive when you die" + +# between them + +"between his two sons" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/13.md b/luk/15/13.md index 4739be9108..54e7b6dda9 100644 --- a/luk/15/13.md +++ b/luk/15/13.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. - -## packed up ## +# gathered together all he owned "packed his things" or "put his things in his bag" -## with wildly extravagant living ## +# living recklessly -This can be translated as "by spending all his money on things he did not need." +"living without thinking about the consequences of his actions" or "living wildly" -## There a great famine happened ## +# Now -"There was a severe famine" (UDB) or "there was not enough food" +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Jesus explains how the younger son went from having plenty to being in need. -## famine ## +# a severe famine spread through that country -A famine is a time when there is little food. Often it is the result of little rain and the failure of crops to grow well. +"a drought occurred there and the entire country did not have enough food" -## to be in need ## +# to be in need "to lack what he needed" or "to not have enough" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/15.md b/luk/15/15.md index 0adf73c302..3b3ffadda0 100644 --- a/luk/15/15.md +++ b/luk/15/15.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. - -## He went ## +# He went The word "he" refers to the younger son. -## hired himself out to ## +# hired himself out to -This can be translated as "took a job with" or "began to work for." +"took a job with" or "began to work for" -## one of the citizens of that country ## +# one of the citizens of that country "a man of that country" -## to feed pigs ## +# to feed pigs -"to give food to his pigs" +"to give food to the man's pigs" -## would gladly have eaten ## +# would gladly have eaten -"wished very much that he could eat" +"wished very much that he could eat." It is understood that this is because he was very hungry. This could be stated. AT: "he was so hungry that he would have happily eaten" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## bean pods ## +# carob pods -These are the husks of beans that grow on the carob tree. This can be translated as "carob pods" or "pods" or "bean husks." \ No newline at end of file +These are the husks of beans that grow on the carob tree. AT: "carob bean pods" or "bean husks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/17.md b/luk/15/17.md index 22fb0f18c9..3b4ae5b976 100644 --- a/luk/15/17.md +++ b/luk/15/17.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues his story. +# came to himself -## came to himself ## +This idiom means "came to his senses." AT: "clearly understood his situation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"came to his senses" or "understood his situation" or "began to think clearly" +# How many of my father's hired servants have more than enough food -## How many of my father's hired hands have more than enough food ## +This is part of an exclamation, and not a question. AT: "All my father's hired servants have more than enough food to eat" -This is part of an exclamation. It can be translated as "All my father's hired servants have more than enough food to eat" (UDB). - -## dying from hunger ## +# dying from hunger This is probably not an exaggeration. The young man may really have been starving. -## I have sinned against heaven ## +# I have sinned against heaven -"I have sinned against God." Jewish people sometimes avoided saying the word "God" and used the word "heaven" instead. +Jewish people sometimes avoided saying the word "God" and used the word "heaven" instead. AT: "I have sinned against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I am no more worthy to be called your son ## +# I am no more worthy to be called your son -"I am not worthy to be called your son." A son has the legal right to inherit part of his father's property. +"I am not worthy to be called your son." This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am not worthy for you to call me son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## no more worthy ## +# no more worthy -"no longer worthy" (UDB). It means that in the past he was worthy, but now he was not. +"no longer worthy." It means that in the past he was worthy, but now he was not. -## make me as one of your hired servants ## +# make me as one of your hired servants -"hire me as an employee" or "hire me and I will become one of your servants" \ No newline at end of file +"hire me as an employee" or "hire me and I will become one of your servants". This is a request, not a command. It may be helpful to add "please" as the UDB does. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/20.md b/luk/15/20.md index 75503a7160..4a6517d686 100644 --- a/luk/15/20.md +++ b/luk/15/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# So the young son left and came toward his father -## the young son left and came towards his father ## +"So he left that country and started going back to his father." The word "so" marks an event that happened because of something else that happened first. In this case, the young man was in need and had decided to go home. -"he left that country and started going back to his father." +# While he was still far away -## was moved with compassion ## +"While he was still far away from his home" or "While he was still far away from his father's house" + +# was moved with compassion "had pity on him" or "loved him deeply from his heart" -## hugged and kissed ## +# hugged and kissed -The father did this to show his son that he loved him and was glad that the son was coming home. If people think that it is strange or wrong for a man to hug and kiss his son, you can substitute a way that men in your culture show affection to other men. Or you can translate it more generally as "welcomed him affectionately." +The father did this to show his son that he loved him and was glad that the son was coming home. If people think that it is strange or wrong for a man to hug and kiss his son, you can substitute a way that men in your culture show affection to their sons. AT: "welcomed him affectionately" -## sinned against heaven ## +# sinned against heaven -"sinned against God" +Jewish people sometimes avoided saying the word "God" and used the word "heaven" instead. See how you translated this in [Luke 15:18](./17.md). AT: "I have sinned against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in your sight ## +# in your sight -"in your presence." It can be translated as "you have seen me sin" or "and you know about it." \ No newline at end of file +This idiom means "in your presence" or "against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I am not worthy to be called your son + +"I am not worthy to be called your son." This can be stated in active form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Luke 15:18](./17.md). AT: "I am not worthy for you to call me son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/22.md b/luk/15/22.md index 3b488f9c42..47800d593a 100644 --- a/luk/15/22.md +++ b/luk/15/22.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# best robe -## best robe ## +"the best robe in the house." AT: "the best coat" or "the best garment" -"the best robe in the house." A robe was a long garment worn over other clothing. In places where robes are not known, it can be translated as "the best coat" or "the best garment." - -## put a ring on his hand ## +# put a ring on his hand A ring was a sign of authority that men wore on one of their fingers. -## sandals ## +# sandals -Sandals are a type of shoe. Where sandals are not known, it can be translated as "shoes." +Wealthy people of that time wore sandals. However, in many cultures the modern equivalent would be "shoes." -## fattened calf ## +# fattened calf -A calf is a young cow. People would give one of their calves special food so that it would grow well, and then when they wanted to have a special feast, they would eat it. This can be translated as "the best calf" or "the young cow we have been been giving lots of food to" or "the young animal we have been making fat." +A calf is a young cow. People would give one of their calves special food so that it would grow well, and then when they wanted to have a special feast, they would eat that calf. AT: "the best calf" or "the young animal we have been making fat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and kill it ## +# kill it -The implied information that they were to cook the meat can be made clear: "and kill it and cook it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The implied information that they were to cook the meat can be made explicit. AT: "kill it and cook it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## my son was dead and is now alive ## +# my son was dead, and now he is alive -This is a metaphor. It can be translated as a simile: "it is as if my son was dead and became alive again" or "I felt like my son had died, but he is alive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This metaphor speaks of the son being gone as if he was dead. AT: "it is as if my son was dead and became alive again" or "I felt like my son had died, but he is now alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he was lost and is now found ## +# He was lost, and now he is found -This is a metaphor. It can be translated as a simile: "It is as if my son was lost and has been found" or "I feel like my son was lost, and has been found" or "my son was lost and has returned home." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This metaphor speaks of the son being gone as if he was lost. AT: "It is as if my son was lost and now I found him" or "My son was lost and has returned home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/25.md b/luk/15/25.md index d2ddeddb04..ee52923dc7 100644 --- a/luk/15/25.md +++ b/luk/15/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# Now -## servant ## +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Jesus starts to tell a new part of the story about the older son. -The word that is translated here as “servant” is normally translated as “boy.” It may indicate that the servant was very young. +# out in the field -## what these things might be ## +It is implied that he was out in the field because he was working there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"what was happening" (UDB) +# one of the servants -## the fattened calf ## +The word that is translated here as "servant" is normally translated as "boy." It may indicate that the servant was very young. -This can be translated as “the best calf” or “the young bull we have been been giving lots of food to” or “the young animal we have been making fat.” \ No newline at end of file +# what these things might be + +"what was happening" + +# the fattened calf + +A calf is a young cow. People would give one of their calves special food so that it would grow well, and then when they wanted to have a special feast, they would eat that calf. See how you translated this phrase in [Luke 15:23](./22.md). AT: "the best calf" or "the young animal we have been making fat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/28.md b/luk/15/28.md index 92c0658e5e..7d76c3e752 100644 --- a/luk/15/28.md +++ b/luk/15/28.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# these many years -## never broke a rule of yours ## +"for many years" -"never disobeyed any of your commands" or "always obeyed everything you told me to do" (UDB). +# I slaved for you -## have a feast ## +"I worked extremely hard for you" or "I worked as hard as a slave for you" -This can also be translated as "celebrate." +# never broke a rule of yours -## your son ## +"never disobeyed any of your commands" or "always obeyed everything you told me to do" + +# a young goat + +A young goat was smaller and less expensive than a fatted calf. AT: "even a young goat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your son "that son of yours." The older son refers to his brother this way in order to show how angry he is. -## devoured your living with prostitutes ## +# devoured your living -This can be translated as "wasted all your wealth on prostitutes" or "thrown away all your money by paying prostitutes." +Food is a metaphor for money. After one eats food, the food is no longer there and there is nothing to eat. The money that the brother had received was no longer there and there was no more to spend. AT: "wasted all your wealth" or "thrown away all your money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## fattened calf ## +# with prostitutes -This can be translated as “the best calf” or “the young bull we have been been giving lots of food to” or “the young animal we have been making fat.” \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) he assumed this is how his brother spent the money or 2) he speaks of prostitutes to exaggerate the sinfulness of his brother's actions in the "country far away" ([Luke 15:13](./13.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# fattened calf + +A calf is a young cow. People would give one of their calves special food so that it would grow well, and then when they wanted to have a special feast, they would eat that calf. See how you translated this phrase in [Luke 15:23](./22.md). AT: "the best calf" or "the young animal we have been making fat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/31.md b/luk/15/31.md index b8d03e0035..439106dc04 100644 --- a/luk/15/31.md +++ b/luk/15/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# The father said to him -## this brother of yours ## +The word "him" refers to the older son. + +# this brother of yours The father was reminding the older son that the one who just came home was his brother. -## was dead and is now alive ## +# this brother of yours was dead, and is now alive -This is a metaphor. The son's leaving his family for a long period of time is compared to being dead, and his returning is compared to being alive again. It can be translated as a simile as it is in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This metaphor speaks of the brother being gone as if he was dead. See how you translated this phrase in [Luke 15:24](./22.md). AT: "it was as if this brother of yours was dead and became alive again" or "had died, but he is now alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he was lost and has now been found ## +# he was lost, and has now been found -This is a metaphor. The younger brother's being away from his family for a long period of time is compared to being lost, and his return home is compared to being found. This can be translated as "It is as though he was lost and has now been found" (UDB) or "he was lost and has returned home." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This metaphor speaks of the son being gone as if he was lost. See how you translated this phrase in [Luke 15:24](./22.md). AT: "it is as if this brother of yours was lost and now I found him" or "this brother of yours was lost and has returned home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/15/intro.md b/luk/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..37a03c4c0e --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Luke 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### The parable of the prodigal son ##### +Luke [Luke 15:13-32](./13.md) form a single parable, known as the parable of the prodigal son. There are three figures in the story. It is generally agreed that the father represents God (the Father), the sinful younger son represents those who repent and come to faith in Jesus, and the self-righteous older son represents the Pharisees. The forgiveness shown to the lost and sinful son becomes a stumbling block for the older son, causing him to reject the father. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Sinners" ##### +The Pharisees refer to a group of people as "sinners." The Jewish leaders thought these people were sinful, but in reality the leaders were also sinful. This can be taken as irony. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/01.md b/luk/16/01.md index 7aff3316eb..317d30c008 100644 --- a/luk/16/01.md +++ b/luk/16/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to speak to the people. +# Connecting Statement: -## And Jesus also said to his disciples ## +Jesus begins telling another parable. It is about a master and the manager of his debtors. This is still the same part of the story and the same day that began in [Luke 15:3](../15/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# Jesus also said to the disciples The last section was directed at Pharisees and scribes, though Jesus' disciples may have been part of the crowd listening. -## it was reported to him ## +# There was a certain rich man -"people reported to the rich man" +This introduces a new character in the parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## squandering his possessions ## +# it was reported to him -"scattering his possessions" or "foolishly spending the rich man's wealth" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people reported to the rich man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## What is this I hear about you ## +# wasting his possessions -This is a rhetorical question. The rich man is saying, "I have heard what you are doing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"foolishly spending the rich man's wealth" -## Give an account of your management ## +# What is this that I hear about you? -This could also be translated as, "Set things in order to pass on to someone else" or "Straighten things up to hand over" or "Prepare the records you have written about my money." \ No newline at end of file +The rich man uses a question to scold the manager. AT: "I have heard what you are doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Give an account of your management + +"Set your records in order to pass on to someone else" or "Prepare the records you have written about my money" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/03.md b/luk/16/03.md index 7fa9ccd6d1..346ed4b5b4 100644 --- a/luk/16/03.md +++ b/luk/16/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues telling his story. +# What should I do ... job? -## What should I do? ## +The manager asks this question of himself, as a means of reviewing his options. AT: "I need to think about what I should do ... job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -The manager asks this of himself, as a means of reviewing his options. +# my master -## my master ## +This refers to the wealthy man. The manager was not a slave. AT: "my employer" -This refers to the wealthy man. It could also be translated as "my employer." The manager was not a slave. - -## I do not have strength to dig ## +# I do not have strength to dig "I am not strong enough to dig the ground" or "I am not able to dig" -## when I am removed from my management job ## +# when I am removed from my management job -This could also be translated as, "when I lose my management job." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when I lose my management job" or "when my master takes away my management job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# people will welcome me into their houses + +This implies that those people will provide a job, or other things that he needs to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/05.md b/luk/16/05.md index 9630450e3a..c88d13e9f5 100644 --- a/luk/16/05.md +++ b/luk/16/05.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues telling his story. - -## his master's debtors ## +# his master's debtors "the people who were in debt to his master" or "the people who owed his mater something." In this story the debtors owed olive oil and wheat. -## he called...he asked ## +# He said ... He said to him -“the manager called...the manager asked” +"The debtor said ... the manager said to the debtor" -## a hundred measures of olive oil ## +# A hundred baths of olive oil -"around 3400 liters of olive oil" +This was about 3,000 liters of olive oil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## hundred...fifty...eighty ## +# hundred ... fifty ... eighty -"100...50...80" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"100 ... 50 ... 80" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## he said...he said to him ## +# Take your bill -“the debtor said...the manager said to the debtor” +A "bill" is a piece of paper that tells how much someone owes. -## a hundred measures of wheat ## +# the manager said to another ... He said ... He said to him -"around 22,000 dry liters of wheat grain" +"the manager said to another debtor ... The debtor said ... The manager said to the debtor" -## he said...he said...he said to him ## +# A hundred cor of wheat -“the manager said...the debtor said...the manager said to the debtor” \ No newline at end of file +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "twenty thousand liters of wheat" or "a thousand baskets of wheat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# write eighty + +"eighty kor of wheat." You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "write sixteen thousand liters" or "write eight hundred baskets" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/08.md b/luk/16/08.md index 22622e36d1..bbc9d1a67a 100644 --- a/luk/16/08.md +++ b/luk/16/08.md @@ -1,33 +1,43 @@ -Jesus continues telling his story. +# Connecting Statement: -## the master ... commended ## +Jesus finishes telling the parable about the master and the manager of his debtors. In verse 9, Jesus continues to teach his disciples. -The debtors whose debts the manager had lowered would probably have thought that the master had ordered the manager to lower them, so they would have praised the master for being generous. +# The master then commended -## commended ## +The text does not say how the master learned of the manager's action. + +# commended "praised" or "spoke well of" or "approved of" -## he had acted shrewdly ## +# he had acted shrewdly "he had acted cleverly" or "he had done a sensible thing" -## the sons of this world ## +# the children of this world -This refers to those like the unrighteous manager who do not know or care about God. It could also be translated as "the people of this world" or "worldly people." +This refers to those like the unrighteous manager who do not know or care about God. AT: "the people of this world" or "worldly people" -## the sons of the light ## +# the children of light -This refers to righteous people who have nothing to hide. It can also be translated as "the people of the light" or "the people who live in the light. +This refers to righteous people who have nothing to hide. AT: "the people of the light" or "the people who live in the light" -## And I say to you ## +# I say to you -"I" refers to Jesus. Jesus has finished telling his story. The phrase "I say to you" marks his change to telling the people how to apply it to their lives. +"I" refers to Jesus. The phrase "I say to you" marks the end of the story and now Jesus tells the people how to apply the story to their lives. -## worldly wealth ## +# make friends for yourselves by means of unrighteous money -This refers to physical wealth. It includes clothing, food, money, precious items. +The focus here is on using the money to help other people. AT: "make friends for yourselves by helping them with unrighteous money" -## eternal dwellings ## +# by means of unrighteous money + +Possible meanings are 1) Jesus uses metonymy when he calls money "unrighteous" because people sometimes earn it or use it in unrighteous ways. AT: "by using even money that you earned dishonestly" or 2) Jesus uses hyperbole when he calls money "unrighteous" because it has no eternal value. AT: "by using money, which has no eternal value" or "by using worldly money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# they may welcome + +This may refer to 1) God in heaven, who is pleased that you used money to help people, or 2) the friends you helped with your money . + +# eternal dwellings This refers to heaven, where God lives. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/10.md b/luk/16/10.md index 5da31e74bf..353d203397 100644 --- a/luk/16/10.md +++ b/luk/16/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues teaching the people. +# He who is faithful -## Therefore ## +"People who are faithful." This would include women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -This could also be translated as, "Because of that" or "So in line with this principle." +# faithful in very little -## who will trust you with true wealth? ## +"faithful even with small things." Make sure this does not sound like they are not very faithful. -This is a rhetorical question. It could also be translated as "no one will trust you with true wealth" or "no one will give you true wealth to manage." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# unrighteous in very little -## who will give you that which is your own ## +"unrighteous even in small things." Make sure this does not sound like they are not often unrighteous. -This is also a rhetorical question. It could also be translated as "no one will give you wealth for yourself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# unrighteous money + +See how you translated this in [Luke 16:09](./08.md). Possible meanings are 1) Jesus uses metonymy when he calls money "unrighteous" because people sometimes earn it or use it in unrighteous ways. AT: "even money that you earned dishonestly" or 2) Jesus uses hyperbole when he calls money "unrighteous" because it has no eternal value. AT: "money, which has no eternal value" or "by using worldly money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# who will trust you with true wealth? + +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. AT: "no one will trust you with true wealth." or "no one will give you true wealth to manage." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# true wealth + +This refers to wealth that is more genuine, real, or lasting than money. + +# who will give you money of your own? + +Jesus uses this question to teach the people. AT: "no one will give you wealth for yourself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/13.md b/luk/16/13.md index 9d8524d5be..35cec26a77 100644 --- a/luk/16/13.md +++ b/luk/16/13.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to teach the people. +# No servant can -## No servant can ## +"A servant cannot" -This can also be translated as, "A servant cannot." +# serve two masters -## he will hate ## +It is implied that he cannot "serve two different masters at the same time" + +# for either he will ... or else he will + +These two clauses are essentially the same. The only significant difference is that the first master is hated in the first clause, but the second master is hated in the second clause. + +# he will hate "the servant will hate" -## devoted ## +# devoted -"dedicated" or "loyal" +"dedicated." This means essentially the same as "love" in the previous clause. -## despise the other ## +# despise the other -"hold the other in contempt" or "sneer at at other" or "hate the other" +"hold the other in contempt" or "hate the other" -## You cannot serve ## +# despise -Jesus was talking to a group of people, so languages that have a plural form of "you" would use that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +This means essentially the same as "hate" in the previous clause. -## serve ## +# You cannot serve -"be a slave to" \ No newline at end of file +Jesus was talking to a group of people, so languages that have a plural form of "you" would use that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/14.md b/luk/16/14.md index 78151813dd..d8ad53af87 100644 --- a/luk/16/14.md +++ b/luk/16/14.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## who were lovers of money ## +# General Information: -"who loved money" or "who loved having money" or "who where very greedy for money" +This is a break in Jesus teachings, as verse 14 tells us background information about how the Pharisees ridiculed Jesus. In verse 15, Jesus continues teaching and responds to the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## they ridiculed him ## +# Now -This can also be translated as "the Pharisees ridiculed Jesus." +This word marks a shift to the background information. -## And he said to them ## +# who were lovers of money + +"who loved having money" or "who where very greedy for money" + +# they ridiculed him + +"the Pharisees ridiculed Jesus" + +# He said to them "And Jesus said to the Pharisees" -## You justify yourselves in the sight of men ## +# You justify yourselves in the sight of men "You try to make yourselves look good to people" -## God knows you hearts ## +# God knows your hearts -"God understands your true desires" or "God knows your motives" +Here "hearts" refers to the desires of people. AT: "God understands your true desires" or "God knows your motives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## That which is exalted among men ## +# That which is exalted among men -This can also be translated as "Those things that men think are very important." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Those things that men think are very important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## is detestable in the sight of God ## +# is detestable in the sight of God -This can also be translated as "God hates" or "are things that God hates." \ No newline at end of file +"God hates" or "are things that God hates" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/16.md b/luk/16/16.md index 77b008e94c..ecac62063e 100644 --- a/luk/16/16.md +++ b/luk/16/16.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues teaching the Pharisees. - -## The law and the prophets ## +# The law and the prophets This refers to all of God's word that had been written up to that time. -## John came ## +# John came -This could be translated as "John the Baptist came and preached." +This refers to John the Baptist. AT: "John the Baptist came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the gospel of the kingdom of God is preached ## +# the gospel of the kingdom of God is preached -This could also be translated as "we are teaching people about the gospel of the kingdom of God." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am teaching people about the gospel of the kingdom of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## everyone tries to force their way into it ## +# everyone tries to force their way into it -This could be translated as “many people are doing everything they can to enter it.” This refers to the people who were listening to and accepting the teaching of Jesus. +This refers to the people who were listening to and accepting the teaching of Jesus. AT: "many people are doing everything they can to enter it" -## it is easier for heaven and earth to pass away than for ## +# it is easier for heaven and earth to pass away than for one stroke of a letter of the law to become invalid -“just as you know that heaven and earth cannot pass away, you can be sure that” +This contrast could be stated in the reverse order. AT: "even the smallest stroke of the letter of the law will last longer than heaven and earth will exist" -## one stroke of a letter ## +# than for one stroke of a letter -"the smallest part of a letter." This could also be translated as "the smallest detail of the law." +A "stroke" is the smallest part of a letter. It refers to something in the law that may seem to be insignificant. AT: "than for even the smallest detail of the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to become invalid ## +# become invalid -"to be removed from the law" \ No newline at end of file +"end" or "cease to exist" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/18.md b/luk/16/18.md index 60357edaac..7bbe66ef11 100644 --- a/luk/16/18.md +++ b/luk/16/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the people.Since this is an example of a law that has not changed, this verse could also start with "For example." +# Everyone who divorces his wife -## Everyone who divorces his wife ## +"Anyone who divorces his wife" or "Any man who divorces his wife" -"Anyone who divorces his wife" or "Any man who divorces his wife" or "If a man divorces his wife" +# commits adultery -## commits adultery ## +"is guilty of adultery" -"Is guilty of adultery" +# he who marries one -## he who marries one ## - -"any man who marries a woman" or "if a man marries a woman" \ No newline at end of file +"any man who marries a woman" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/19.md b/luk/16/19.md index 0330082563..a092c7c5c0 100644 --- a/luk/16/19.md +++ b/luk/16/19.md @@ -1,45 +1,51 @@ -Jesus continues to speak. +# Connecting Statement: -## a certain rich man ## +As Jesus continues teaching the people he begins to tell a story. It is about a rich man and Lazarus. -It is not clear if this was a real person, or simply a story that Jesus told in order to make a point. +# General Information: -## who was clothed in purple and fine linen ## +These verses give background information about the story Jesus begins to tell about the rich man and Lazarus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Now + +This marks a shift in Jesus' speech as he begins to tell a story that will help people understand what he was teaching them. + +# a certain rich man + +This phrase introduces a person in Jesus' story. It is not clear if this was a real person, or simply a story that Jesus told in order to make a point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# who was clothed in purple and fine linen "who wore clothing made with fine linen and purple dye" or "who wore very expensive clothes." Purple dye and fine linen cloth were very expensive. -## was enjoying every day his great wealth ## +# was enjoying every day his great wealth -This could be translated as "was feasting every day" or "enjoyed eating expensive food every day" or "spent much money and bought whatever he desired." +"enjoyed eating expensive food every day" or "spent much money and bought whatever he desired" -## a certain beggar named Lazarus was laid at his gate ## +# A certain beggar named Lazarus was laid at his gate -"people had laid a certain beggar named Lazarus at his gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People had laid a certain beggar named Lazarus at his gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## beggar ## +# A certain beggar named Lazarus -"a poor man who had to beg people for food" +This phrase introduces another person in Jesus' story. It is not clear if this was a real person, or simply a story that Jesus told in order to make a point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## at his gate ## +# at his gate "at the gate to the rich man's house" or "at the entrance to the rich man's property" -## covered with sores ## +# covered with sores -"with sores all over his body." +"with sores all over his body" -## yearned to be fed with ## +# longing to eat what fell -"wished to eat" or "wished he would be allowed to eat" +"he wished he could eat the scraps of food that fell" -## what fell from the rich man's table ## +# Even the dogs came -This could also be translated as "crumbs of food that accidentally fell from the rich man's table as he was eating" or "the leftover food that was thrown from the rich man's table." +The word "Even" here shows that what follows is worse than what has already been told about Lazarus. AT: "In addition to that, the dogs came" or "Worse yet, the dogs came" -## And besides that ## +# dogs -This could also be translated as "In addition to that" or "Even." This shows that what follows is even worse than what has already be told about Lazarus. - -## dogs ## - -Dogs were an unclean animal. Lazarus was too sick and weak to stop the dogs from licking his wounds. \ No newline at end of file +The Jews considered dogs to be unclean animals. Lazarus was too sick and weak to stop the dogs from licking his wounds. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/22.md b/luk/16/22.md index 9cd192dab1..8ed97b4908 100644 --- a/luk/16/22.md +++ b/luk/16/22.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues telling his story. +# It came about that -## It came about that ## +This phrase is used here to mark an event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +# was carried away by the angels -## and was carried by the angels to Abraham's chest ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the angels carried him away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"and the angels carried Lazarus to Abraham's chest" +# to Abraham's side ... at his side -## Abraham's chest ## +This implies that Abraham and Lazarus were reclining next to each other at a feast, in the Greek style of feasting. The joy in heaven is often represented in the scriptures by the idea of a feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Apparently Abraham and Lazarus were reclining next to each other at a feast, and Lazarus's head was close to Abraham's chest. This was the Greek style of feasting for invited guests. This phrase could also be translated as "at Abraham's side" or "next to Abraham" or "reclining next to Abraham" or "sitting next to Abraham." +# was buried -## being in torment ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"where he was continually afflicted" or "while he was suffering severe pain" +# in Hades, being in torment -## he lifted up his eyes ## +"he went to Hades, where suffering in terrible pain" -This is a metaphor that means "he looked up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# he lifted up his eyes -## and Lazarus by his chest ## - -This could also be translated as "and Lazarus reclining next to Abraham" or "and Lazarus sitting close to him" or "and Lazarus with him." \ No newline at end of file +This idiom means "he looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/24.md b/luk/16/24.md index fa61235639..249bca711d 100644 --- a/luk/16/24.md +++ b/luk/16/24.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues telling his story. +# he cried out and said -## And he cried out and said ## +"the rich man called out to say" or "he shouted out to Abraham" -"and the rich man called out to say" or "he yelled out to Abraham" +# Father Abraham -## Father Abraham ## +Abraham was the ancestor of all the Jews, including the rich man. -Abraham was the rich man's ancestor. +# have mercy on me -## have mercy on me ## +"please have pity on me" or "please be merciful to me" -This can be translated as "please have pity on me," or "please be merciful to me." +# and send Lazarus -## and send Lazarus ## +"by sending Lazarus" or "and tell Lazarus to come to me" -This can be translated as "by sending Lazarus" or "Please send Lazarus to me" or "and tell Lazarus to come to me." +# he may dip the tip of his finger -## he may dip the tip of his finger ## +This indicates the smallness of the amount requested. AT: "he may wet the tip of his finger" -This indicates the smallness of the amount requested. This can be translated as "he may wet the tip of his finger." - -## I am in anguish in this flame ## +# I am in anguish in this flame "I am in terrible pain in this flame" or "I am suffering terribly in this fire" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/25.md b/luk/16/25.md index 6035e6f8e3..e61fd030c2 100644 --- a/luk/16/25.md +++ b/luk/16/25.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -Jesus continues telling his story. +# Child -## Child ## +The rich man was one of Abraham's descendants. -The rich man was also one of Abraham's descendants. - -## good things ## +# good things "fine things" or "pleasant things" -## in like manner evil things ## +# in like manner evil things -This can also be translated as "received evil things" or "received things that caused him to suffer." +"in like manner received evil things" or "in like manner received things that caused him to suffer" -## agony ## +# in like manner -"acute pain" +This refers the fact that they both received something while they lived on earth. It is not saying that what they received was the same. AT: "while he was living received" -## And besides all this ## +# he is comforted here -"in addition to this reason" +"he is comfortable here" or "he is happy here" -## a great chasm has been firmly placed ## +# in agony -This can also be translated as "God has placed a huge ravine between you and us" (UDB). +"suffering" -## a great chasm ## +# Besides all this -"a steep, deep and wide valley" or "a big separation" or "a huge ravine" (UDB) +"In addition to this reason" -## those who want to cross over ## +# a great chasm has been put in place + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has placed a huge ravine between you and us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a great chasm + +"a steep, deep and wide valley" or "a big separation" or "a huge ravine" + +# those who want to cross over "those people who want to cross over the chasm" or "if anyone wants to cross over" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/27.md b/luk/16/27.md index 76288bd321..45dc701a92 100644 --- a/luk/16/27.md +++ b/luk/16/27.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues telling his story. +# that you would send him to my father's house -## that you would send him to my father's house ## +"that you would tell Lazarus to go to my father's house" or "please, send him to my father's house" -This could be translated as "that you would tell Lazarus to go to my father's house" or "Please, send him to my father's house." +# my father's house -## my father's house ## +This refers to the people in the house. AT: "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"my family." This probably does not refer to a physical house. The rich man wants Lazarus to warn his family members, even if they do not live in the same house as his father. +# in order that he may warn them -## in order that he may warn them ## +"so that Lazarus may warn them" -This could be translated as "Tell Lazarus to warn them." +# for fear that they also come -## for fear that they also come ## +It is implied that the way they would avoid going there is by repenting. AT: "and they might repent and not come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -This could be translated as "so that they do not also come" (UDB) or "If they are not warned, they might come." Since it is implied that the way they would avoid going there is by repenting, this implied information could be made clear, as in "so that they might repent and not come." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# for fear that -## this place of torment ## +This idiom means he does not want this to happen. AT: "so that they will not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -This could be translated as "this place where we suffer torment" or "this place where we suffer terrible pain" or "this place where we are tortured." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# this place of torment + +"this place where we suffer torment" or "this place where we suffer terrible pain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/29.md b/luk/16/29.md index 708aaa170c..e8f0a5e738 100644 --- a/luk/16/29.md +++ b/luk/16/29.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## They have Moses and the prophets ## +# Connecting Statement: -"your brothers have what Moses and the prophets wrote." This could also be translated as "They have heard what Moses and the prophets wrote." +Jesus finishes telling the story about the rich man and Lazarus. -## Let them listen to them ## +# They have Moses and the prophets -"Your brothers should pay attention to Moses and the prophets" +It is implied that Abraham refused to send Lazarus to the rich man's brothers. This could be stated. AT: "No, I will not do that, because your brothers have what Moses and the prophets wrote long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## if someone would go to them from the dead ## +# Moses and the prophets -This could be translated as "if a person who has died would go to them" or "if someone who has died would go and warn them." +This refers to their writings. AT: "what Moses and the prophets wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## If they do not listen to Moses and the prophets ## +# let them listen to them -"If they do not pay attention to what Moses and the prophets wrote" +"your brothers should pay attention to Moses and the prophets" -## neither will they be persuaded ## +# if someone would go to them from the dead ones -"they will not be convinced" or "they will not believe" \ No newline at end of file +This describes a situation that has not happened, but that the rich man would like to happen. AT: "if a person who has died would go to them" or "if someone who has died would go and warn them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# If they do not listen to Moses and the prophets + +Here "Moses and the prophets" represent the things that they wrote. AT: "If they do not pay attention to what Moses and the prophets wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# neither will they be persuaded if someone rises from the dead ones + +Abraham states what would happen if the hypothetical situation occurred. It can be stated in active form. AT: "neither will a person who comes back from the dead be able to convince them" or "they will not believe even if a person comes back from the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/16/intro.md b/luk/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..34afd70b9c --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Luke 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Abraham's side" ##### +Abraham's side, in Luke [Luke 16:22](./22.md), is also known as Abraham's bosom. Many people view this as a place where the righteous dead went when they died. This is because their sins were only covered until they were eventually paid for by the death of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Jesus' teaching about divorce ##### + +In this chapter, Jesus teaches about divorce as a response to a challenge from the Pharisees. Jesus bases his teaching on God's original intentions in creating marriage. Jesus implicitly shows the mistakes that the religious leaders made in their traditions about marriage. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Allusion ##### +Abraham is recorded as saying "neither will they be persuaded if someone rises from the dead." This is an allusion to the fact that Jesus will soon rise from the dead and they will not be persuaded by this fact. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The law and the prophets were in effect until John came" ##### +The phrase does not mean the regulations of the law of Moses ended during the time of John the Baptist. It is clear from the gospels that Jesus lived and ministered under the law. What has changed was the message being proclaimed. This is why the UDB states, "The laws that God gave Moses and what the prophets wrote were proclaimed until John the Baptizer came." (See: [Luke 16:16](./16.md) and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/01.md b/luk/17/01.md index 44ed0c8972..f18f037915 100644 --- a/luk/17/01.md +++ b/luk/17/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## It is certain that things that cause sin will come ## +# Connecting Statement: -This could be translated as "Things that tempt people to sin will certainly happen" (UDB) or "It is impossible to prevent temptation from coming" or "It is impossible to stop things that tempt people to sin." +Jesus continues teaching, but he directs his attention back to his disciples. This is still the same part of the story and the same day that began in [Luke 15:3](../15/03.md). -## to him through whom they come ## +# It is certain there will be things that can cause us to sin + +"Things that tempt people to sin will certainly happen" + +# to that person through whom they come "to anyone who causes the temptations to come" or "to any person who causes people to be tempted" -## if a millstone were put around his neck and he were thrown ## +# It would be better for him if -This could also be translated with active clauses: "if they were to put a millstone around his neck and throw him" or "if someone were to put a heavy stone around his neck and push him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This introduces a hypothetical situation. It means that this person's punishment for causing people to sin will be worse than if they had drowned in the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## a millstone ## +# if a millstone were put around his neck and he were thrown -This is a very large, heavy circular stone used for grinding wheat grain into flour. It could be translated as "a heavy stone." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if they were to put a millstone around his neck and throw him" or "if someone were to put a heavy stone around his neck and push him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## these little ones ## +# for him ... his neck ... he were ... he should -This could be translated as "little children" or "these people whose faith is small." +These terms refer to women as well as to men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## to stumble ## +# a millstone -This could be translated as "to sin." \ No newline at end of file +This is a very large, heavy circular stone used for grinding wheat grain into flour. AT: "a heavy stone" + +# these little ones + +This here refers to people whose faith is still weak. AT: "these people whose faith is small" + +# to stumble + +This was a way of referring to unintentional sin. AT: "to sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/03.md b/luk/17/03.md index e6c4380913..e8021f3ba5 100644 --- a/luk/17/03.md +++ b/luk/17/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## If your brother sins ## +# If your brother sins This is a conditional statement that talks about an event that will probably happen in the future. -## your brother ## +# your brother -This normally includes "your fellow-believer" as well as actual "brothers" who were born to the same mother and father. +"brother" is here used in the sense of someone with the same belief. AT: "a fellow believer" -## rebuke him ## +# rebuke him -"warn him strongly" or "tell him strongly that what he did was wrong" or "correct him" +"tell him strongly that what he did was wrong" or "correct him" -## If he sins against you seven times ## +# If he sins against you seven times -This is a hypothetical future situation. It may never happen, but even if it does, Jesus tells people to forgive. +This is a hypothetical future situation. It may never happen, but even if it does, Jesus tells people to forgive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## seven times in the day ## +# seven times in the day -This could be translated as "many times in a day." The number seven in the Bible is a symbol for completeness. \ No newline at end of file +The number seven in the Bible is a symbol for completeness. AT: "many times in a day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/05.md b/luk/17/05.md index 9d7b314972..712f30afc1 100644 --- a/luk/17/05.md +++ b/luk/17/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Increase our faith ## +# General Information: + +There is a brief break in Jesus' teachings as the disciples speak to him. Then Jesus continues teaching. + +# Increase our faith "Please give us more faith" or "Please add more faith to our faith" -## If you had faith as a mustard seed ## +# If you had faith as a mustard seed -This could be translated as "If you had faith that was even as small as mustard seed" or "If only your faith was as big as a mustard seed, but it isn't." The construction of the phrase implies that they did not, in fact, have faith that was even the size of a mustard seed. +A "mustard seed" is a very small seed. Jesus implies that they did not have even a small amount of faith. AT: "If you had faith that was even as small as a mustard seed" or "If only your faith was as big as a mustard seed, but it is not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## a sycamore tree ## +# this mulberry tree -“a sycamore fig tree.” It produces small round fruit about 2.5 centimeters across. This can be translated simply as “a fig tree” or “a tree.” +If this type of tree is not familiar, it may be helpful to substitute another type of tree. AT: "a fig tree" or "a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## be uprooted, and be planted in the sea ## +# Be uprooted, and be planted in the sea -This could be translated as "uproot yourself and plant yourself in the sea" or "take your roots out of the ground, and put your roots down into the ocean." +These can be stated in active form. AT: "Uproot yourself and plant yourself in the sea" or "Take your roots out of the ground, and put your roots down into the ocean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## it would obey you ## +# it would obey you -"the tree would obey you" This result is conditional. It would happen only if they had faith. \ No newline at end of file +"the tree would obey you." This result is conditional. It would happen only if they had faith. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/07.md b/luk/17/07.md index 74f5d16ace..c0c7b03799 100644 --- a/luk/17/07.md +++ b/luk/17/07.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. +# But which of you ... will say to him ... sit down to eat'? -## But which of you ## +Jesus asks his disciples a question to help them think about the role of a servant. This could be a statement. AT: "But any of you ... will not say to him ... sit down to eat'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"But who among you" or "But which one of you" This is the beginning of a rhetorical question. It could be translated as a statement starting with "If one of you" or "Suppose that one of you." See the UDB for an example of how to do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## which of you who has a servant ## - -Jesus was asking a group of people about what one of them might do if a certain situation were to come up. It could be translated as "But which of you, if you have servant." - -## a servant plowing or tending sheep ## +# a servant plowing or keeping sheep "a servant that plows your field or takes care of your sheep" -## But will he not say to him ## +# Will he not say to him ... eat and drink'? -This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as "But instead you would say to him" or "Instead, this is what you will say to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus uses a second question explain how the disciples would actually treat a servant. This can be a statement. AT: "He will certainly say to him ... eat and drink'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## put a belt around your clothes and serve me ## +# put a belt around your clothes and serve me -"tie your clothes at your waist and serve me" or "dress up properly and take care of me" People would tie their clothes closely around their waist so that their clothes would not get in their way while they worked. +"tie your clothes at your waist and serve me" or "dress up properly and take care of me." People would tie their clothes closely around their waist so that their clothes would not get in their way while they worked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Then afterwards ## +# Then afterward "Then after you serve me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/09.md b/luk/17/09.md index da82efc62c..2fdfbf70f6 100644 --- a/luk/17/09.md +++ b/luk/17/09.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. +# Connecting Statement: -## He does not thank ## +Jesus finishes teaching. This is the end of this part of the story. -Depending on how you translated the previous two verses, this could also be translated as "He would not thank" or "You would not thank." +# He does not thank the servant ... commanded, does he? -## the things that were commanded ## +Jesus uses this question to show how people treat servants. This can be a statement. AT: "He would not thank the servant ... commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"the things you commanded him to do" +# the things that were commanded -## does he? ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things you commanded him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This could be translated as "right?" or "Isn't this true?" With this rhetorical question, Jesus encourages his disciples to acknowledge that what he is saying is obviously true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]].) +# does he? -## you also ## +"right?" or "is this not true?" + +# you also Jesus was speaking to his disciples, so languages that have a plural form of "you" would use it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## should say ## +# that you are commanded -"should say to God" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God has commanded you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## We are unworthy servants ## +# We are unworthy servants -This could be translated as "We are ordinary slaves" or "We servants to do not deserve your praise." \ No newline at end of file +This is an exaggeration to express that they did not do anything worthy of praise. AT: "We are ordinary slaves" or "We servants do not deserve your praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/11.md b/luk/17/11.md index c7de1004e3..232e0c365e 100644 --- a/luk/17/11.md +++ b/luk/17/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## It came about that ## +# General Information: -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This is the next part of the story. Jesus heals 10 men of leprosy. Verses 11 and 12 give background information and the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## as they were on the way to Jerusalem ## +# It came about that -"as they were traveling to Jerusalem" +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## there he was met by ten men who were lepers ## +# as he traveled to Jerusalem -This can be translated with an active verb: "ten men who were lepers met him" or "ten men who had leprosy met him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"as Jesus and the disciples were traveling to Jerusalem" -## they lifted up their voices ## +# a certain village -This means "they called with a loud voice" or "they called aloud." +This phrase does not identify the village. -## Master ## +# there he was met by ten men who were lepers -The word that is translated here as “Master” is a not the normal word for “Master.” This one refers to someone who has authority, and not to someone who owns someone else. You could also translate it as "Boss" or "Foreman" or with a word that is commonly used to address a person in authority, such as “Sir.” +This can be stated in active form. AT: "ten men who were lepers met him" or "ten men who had leprosy met him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## have mercy on us ## +# They stood far away from him -This can be translated as "please show us mercy by healing us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This was a respectful gesture, because lepers were not allowed to approach other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they lifted up their voices + +This idiom means to speak loudly. AT: "they called with a loud voice" or "they called aloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# have mercy on us + +They were specifically asking to be healed. AT: "please show us mercy by healing us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/14.md b/luk/17/14.md index a698a92b23..01822a8b4f 100644 --- a/luk/17/14.md +++ b/luk/17/14.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## Go and show yourselves to the priests ## +# show yourselves to the priests -The implicit information, "so they can examine you" can be stated clearly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Lepers were required to have the priests verify that their leprosy was healed. AT: "show yourselves to the priests so they can examine you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## And it came about that ## +# they were cleansed -This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way of doing this, you could consider using it here. +When people were healed, they were no longer ceremonially unclean. This can be made explicit. AT: "they became clean when they were healed of their leprosy" or "they were cured of their leprosy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they were cleansed ## +# saw that he was healed -This is the important event marked by "It came about." It can be translated as "they became clean when they were healed of their leprosy" or "they were cured of their leprosy." +"realized that he was healed" or "realized that Jesus had healed him" -## saw that he was healed ## - -"realized that he was healed" or "realized that Jesus had healed him" - -## he turned back ## +# he turned back "he went back to Jesus" -## with a loud voice glorifying God ## +# with a loud voice glorifying God "and glorified God loudly" -## he bowed down at his feet ## +# He bowed down at Jesus' feet -"he knelt down and put his face close to Jesus feet." He did this to honor Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +"he knelt down and put his face close to Jesus feet." He did this to honor Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/17.md b/luk/17/17.md index e78aedc1c2..69ae725759 100644 --- a/luk/17/17.md +++ b/luk/17/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Jesus, answering, said ## +# Connecting Statement: -This can be translated as "So Jesus said to the crowd." Jesus responded to what the man did, but he was speaking to the group of people around him. +This is the end of the part of the story about Jesus healing the 10 lepers. -## Were not the ten cleansed? ## +# Then Jesus said -This is the first of three rhetorical questions. Jesus used them to show the people around him how surprised and disappointed he was that only one of the ten men came back to glorify God. It can be translated as "Ten men were healed" or "God healed ten men." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Jesus responded to what the man did, but he was speaking to the group of people around him. AT: "So Jesus said to the crowd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Where are the nine? ## +# Were not the ten cleansed? -This rhetorical question can be translated as "The other nine men should have come back, too" or "Why did not the other nine come back?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This is the first of three rhetorical questions. Jesus used them to show the people around him how surprised and disappointed he was that only one of the ten men came back to glorify God. AT: "Ten men were healed." or "God healed ten men." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Were there no others who returned to give glory to God, except this foreigner? ## +# Where are the nine? -This rhetorical question can be translated as "No one but this foreigner came back to give glory to God" or "Ten men were healed, yet only this foreigner came back to give glory to God" or "Can it be true that no one but this foreigner came back to give glory to God?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] ) +"Why did not the other nine come back?" This can be a statement. AT: "The other nine men should have come back, too" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## this foreigner ## +# Were there no others who returned to give glory to God, except this foreigner? -Samaritans had non-Jewish ancestors and they did not worship God in the same way that the Jews did. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/samaria]]) +This can be a statement. AT: "No one but this foreigner came back to give glory to God!" or "God healed ten men, yet only this foreigner came back to give glory to God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## your faith has healed you ## +# this foreigner -“because of your faith you have become well.” The idea of “faith” can be translated with a verb: “Because you believe, you are healed.” \ No newline at end of file +Samaritans had non-Jewish ancestors and they did not worship God in the same way that the Jews did. + +# Your faith has made you well + +"Because of your faith you have become well." The idea of "faith" can be expressed with the verb "believe." AT: "Because you believe, you are well again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/20.md b/luk/17/20.md index e6d0a76c4b..5b3cf050ad 100644 --- a/luk/17/20.md +++ b/luk/17/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Being asked by the pharisees ## +# General Information: -This can be translated with an active verb. "The Pharisees asked Jesus." This is the beginning of a new part of the story. Some translations start it with "One day" (UDB) or "Once." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is the next part of the story. We do not know where this take places; it is simply one day when Jesus is talking with the Pharisees. -## when the kingdom of God would come ## +# Being asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God would come -This can be translated with a direct quote: "When will the kingdom of God come?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +This is the beginning of a new part of the story. Some translations start it with "One day" or "Once." It can be stated in active form. AT: "One day the Pharisees asked Jesus 'When will the kingdom of God come?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## The kingdom of God does not come with observation ## +# The kingdom of God does not come with careful observing -This could be translated as "Although you look for the kingdom of God, you will not see it." They would not see that Jesus was already among them as the king because they were looking for a physical kingdom. +People thought that they would be able to see signs of the kingdom coming. The idea of signs can be stated clearly. AT: "The kingdom of God does not come with signs that people can observe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The kingdom of God is among you ## +# the kingdom of God is within you -It can be translated as "The kingdom of God is here" or "God has already begun to rule among you." \ No newline at end of file +The idea of the noun "kingdom" can be expressed with the verb "rules." AT: "God rules within you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the kingdom of God is within you + +Jesus was speaking to the religious leaders who were hostile to him. Possible meanings are 1) the word "you" refers to people in general. AT: "the kingdom of God is within people" or 2) the word translated "within" means "among." AT: "the kingdom of God is among you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/22.md b/luk/17/22.md index dd0f18bc55..3631bbbded 100644 --- a/luk/17/22.md +++ b/luk/17/22.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## The days will come ## +# Connecting Statement: -This can be translated as "A time will come" or "Someday." +Jesus begins to teach his disciples. -## you will desire to see ## +# The days are coming when -"You will want very much to see" or "you will wish to experience." His disciples already wanted to see him reign. But times of persecution would come and they would wish that he was already reigning. +The idea of days days coming represents something being soon. AT: "A time is coming when" or "Soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## one of the days of the Son of Man ## +# you will desire to see -This can be translated as "one of the days when the the Son of Man will rule as king." +"you will want very much to see" or "you will wish to experience" -## nor follow after them ## +# one of the days of the Son of Man -"and don't follow after them" +This refers to the kingdom of God. AT: "one of the days when the Son of Man will rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## for as the lightning appears ## +# the Son of Man -This is a simile. It can be translated as "for as the lightning is visible to everyone when it appears and" or "for as the lightning appears suddenly." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## so will the Son of Man be in his day ## +# but you will not see it -This can be translated as "it will be like that on the day when the Son of Man comes to reign." \ No newline at end of file +"you will not experience it" + +# Look, there! Look, here! + +This refers to seeking the Messiah. AT: "Look, the Messiah is over there! He is over here!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# do not go out or run after them + +The purpose of going out can be stated clearly. AT: "do not go with them to see it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for as the lightning shines brightly + +The coming of the Son of Man will be clear and sudden, like the appearance of lightning. AT: "for as the lightning is visible to everyone when it appears and" or "for as the lightning appears suddenly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# so will the Son of Man be in his day + +This refers to the future kingdom of God. AT: "it will be like that on the day when the Son of Man comes to reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/25.md b/luk/17/25.md index 0df98a91ef..3d989ae14e 100644 --- a/luk/17/25.md +++ b/luk/17/25.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues speaking. - -## But first he must suffer ## +# But first he must suffer "But first the Son of Man must suffer." Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## As it happened in the days of Noah ## +# be rejected by this generation -This can be translated as "As people were doing in the days of Noah" or "As people were doing when Noah lived." The "days of Noah" refers to the time just before God punished the people of world. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people of this generation must reject him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## even so will it also happen in the days of the Son of Man ## +# As it happened in the days of Noah -This can be translated as "people will be doing the same things in the days of the Son of Man" or "people will be doing the same things when the Son of Man is about to come." The "days of the Son of Man" refers to the period just before the Son of Man will come. +The "days of Noah" refers to the time during Noah's life just before God punished the people of the world. AT: "As people were doing in the days of Noah" or "As people were doing when Noah lived" -## They ate, they drank, they married, they were given in marriage ## +# even so will it also happen in the days of the Son of Man -People were doing ordinary things. They did not care that God was about to judge them. +The "days of the Son of Man" refers to the period just before the Son of Man will come. AT: "people will be doing the same things in the days of the Son of Man" or "people will be doing the same things when the Son of Man is about to come" -## the ark ## +# They ate, they drank, they married, and they were given in marriage -"the ship" or "the barge" \ No newline at end of file +People were doing ordinary things. They did not know or care that God was about to judge them. + +# they were given in marriage + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "parents were allowing their daughters to marry men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the ark + +"the ship" or "the barge" + +# destroyed them all + +This does not include Noah and his family who were in the ark. AT: "destroyed all those who were not in the boat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/28.md b/luk/17/28.md index e079c15533..6d6b2593ce 100644 --- a/luk/17/28.md +++ b/luk/17/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues speaking. +# Likewise even as it happened in the days of Lot -## Likewise even as it happened in the days of Lot ## +The "days of Lot" refers to the time just before God punished the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. AT: "Another example is how it happened in the days of Lot" or "As people were doing when Lot lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -This can be translated as "Another example is how it happened in the days of Lot" or “As people were doing when Lot lived.” The “days of Lot” refers to the time just before God punished the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. +# they were eating and drinking -## they ate ## +"the people of Sodom were eating and drinking" -"the people of Sodom ate" +# it rained fire and sulfur from heaven -## it rained fire and sulfur from heaven ## +"fire and burning sulfur fell from the sky like rain" -"fire and burning sulfur fell from the sky like rain" \ No newline at end of file +# destroyed them all + +This does not include Lot and his family. AT: "destroyed all those who stayed in the city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/30.md b/luk/17/30.md index 7388fc0d85..1ea5f93388 100644 --- a/luk/17/30.md +++ b/luk/17/30.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues speaking. +# After the same manner it will be -## After the same manner it will be ## +"It will be like that." AT: "In the same way people will not be ready" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -This means "It will be like that." How it will be like the time of Lot can be stated clearly as in the UDB: "People will be unprepared." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# in the day that the Son of Man is revealed -## on the day that the Son of Man is revealed ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the Son of Man appears" or "when the Son of man comes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"when the Son of Man appears" or "when the Son of man comes" +# the Son of Man -## do not let him that is on the housetop go down ## +Jesus is speaking about himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man" -“Whoever is on the housetop must not go down” or “If anyone is on his housetop, he must not go down” +# do not let him who is on the housetop go down -## on the housetop ## +"whoever is on the housetop must not go down" or "if anyone is on his housetop, he must not go down" -Their housetops were flat and people could sit on them. +# on the housetop -## his goods ## +Their housetops were flat and people could walk or sit on them. + +# his goods "his possessions" or "his things" -## return back ## +# return -The implied information that they were not to go back to the house to get anything and that they must flee quickly can be stated clearly as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +They were not to go back to the house to get anything. They were to flee quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/32.md b/luk/17/32.md index b21087facc..4bbcc4c0d9 100644 --- a/luk/17/32.md +++ b/luk/17/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Remember Lot's wife ## +# Remember Lot's wife -This is a warning. It can be translated as "Do not do what Lot's wife did." She looked back toward Sodom and was punished along with the people of Sodom. +"Remember what happened to Lot's wife!" This is a warning. She looked back toward Sodom and God punished her along with the people of Sodom. AT: "Do not do what Lot's wife did" -## Whoever seeks to gain his life will lose it ## +# Whoever seeks to gain his life will lose it "People who try save their lives will lose them" or "Whoever tries to save his old way of life will lose his life" -## but whoever loses his life will save it ## +# but whoever loses his life will save it "but people who lose their lives will save them" or "but whoever abandons his old way of life will save his life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/34.md b/luk/17/34.md index 5fa9b1a8f1..3cd74585d8 100644 --- a/luk/17/34.md +++ b/luk/17/34.md @@ -1,33 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues speaking. +# I tell you -## In that night ## +As Jesus continues to address his disciples, he emphasizes the importance of what he is telling them. -This refers to what will happen if the Son of Man comes during the night. +# in that night -## there will be two men in one bed ## +This refers to what will happen if he, the Son of Man, comes during the night. -This is a hypothetical situation about what two people might be doing at the time. It can be translated as "there may be two men on one couch." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +# there will be two people in one bed -## bed ## +The emphasis is not on these two people, but on the fact that some people will be taken away and the others will be left. + +# bed "couch" or "cot" -## the one will be taken and the other left ## +# One will be taken, and the other will be left -"one man will be taken and the other man will be left behind." AT: "God will take one man and leave the other," or "angels will take one and leave behind the other." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"One person will be taken and the other person will be left behind." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will take one person and leave the other" or "Angels will take one and leave behind the other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## there will be two women grinding together ## +# There will be two women grinding together -This is a hypothetical situation about what two women might be doing at the time. AT: "there may be two women grinding grain together." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +The emphasis is not on these two women or their activity, but on the fact that some people will be taken away and the others will be left. -## Where, Lord? ## +# grinding together -"Lord, where will this happen?" (UDB) - -## Where there is a body, there will the vultures also be gathered together ## - -Apparently this is a proverb that means "It will be obvious" or "You will know it when it happens." It can also be translated as a simile: "As vultures gathering shows that there is a dead body, so these things show that the Son of Man is being revealed." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/proverb]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -## vultures ## - -Vultures are large birds that fly together and eat the flesh of dead animals that they find. You could describe birds this way or use the word for a local bird that does this. \ No newline at end of file +"grinding grain together" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/37.md b/luk/17/37.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8f8ff79a6c --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/17/37.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + +The disciples ask Jesus a question about his teaching and he answers them. + +# Where, Lord? + +"Lord, where will this happen?" + +# Where there is a body, there will the vultures also be gathered together + +Apparently this is a proverb that means "It will be obvious" or "You will know it when it happens." AT: "As vultures gathering shows that there is a dead body, so these things show that the Son of Man is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# vultures + +Vultures are large birds that fly together and eat the flesh of dead animals that they find. You could describe birds this way or use the word for a local bird that does this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/17/intro.md b/luk/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..400e97493f --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# Luke 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +In the cleansing of the 10 men ([Luke 17:11-17](./11.md)), there should be an implicit understanding of the structure of this story. It is one unified story. The reaction of the supposedly ungodly Samaritan is correct, while the reaction of the other men was incorrect and it is assumed that they were Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Old Testament Examples ##### +This chapter uses a series of examples from the Old Testament. All of these examples are times when the people did not concern themselves with God. Properly understanding the meaning of each individual example will be difficult without the necessary background understanding from the book of Genesis. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "It would be better" ##### +This is a special type of hypothetical situation. In this situation, rather than speaking about a condition or what would happen, it gives an explanation about a hypothetical future situation if the current situation remains unchanged. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +##### Hypothetical Situations and Rhetorical Situations ##### +Jesus uses two figures of speech at the same time in this chapter. He combines a hypothetical situation and rhetorical questions because the proper answer to the hypothetical situation should be obvious. (See: [Luke 17:5-9](./05.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Son of Man ##### +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Every language may not have the ability to have a person refer to himself in the third person. + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd, that appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "Whoever seeks to gain his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life will save it" ([Luke 17:33](./32.md)). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/01.md b/luk/18/01.md index 999c80619f..4c76c27610 100644 --- a/luk/18/01.md +++ b/luk/18/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. +# Connecting Statement: -## Then he ## +Jesus begins to tell a parable as he continues to teach his disciples. This is the same part of the story that began in [Luke 17:20](../17/20.md). Verse 1 gives us a description of the parable Jesus is about to tell. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# Then he "Then Jesus" -## saying ## +# they should always pray, and not become discouraged -This could also begin a new sentence: "He said" (UDB). +These two clauses have similar meanings, which Jesus used to emphasize his point. Some languages have different ways of emphasizing. AT: "they should always keep on praying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## not become discouraged ## +# saying -This could also be translated as "not grow tired of praying" or "not lose faith." +This could also begin a new sentence: "He said" -## There was in a certain city a certain judge ## +# a certain city -The words "certain" are used to as a way to say this this happened, but without identifying the judge or the city. +Here "certain city" is a way to let the listener know that the narrative that follows takes place in a city, but the name of the city itself is not important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-intro]]) -## fear ## +# did not respect people -"revere" (UDB) - -## did not respect people ## - -"paid no regard to a person" - -## [[en:bible:questions:comprehension:luk:18|Luke Chapter 18 Checking Questions]] ## - -en:bible:questions:comprehension:luk:18 \ No newline at end of file +"did not care about other people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/03.md b/luk/18/03.md index b3ea6ec802..d57f5a18f6 100644 --- a/luk/18/03.md +++ b/luk/18/03.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# Now there was a widow -## widow ## +Jesus uses this phrase to introduce a new character to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -A widow is a woman whose husband has died. Jesus' hearers would have thought of her as without defense against evildoers. +# widow -## help me get justice against ## +A widow is a woman whose husband has died. Jesus' hearers would have thought of her as a person who had no one to protect her from those who wanted to harm her. -This could be translated as "punish" or "grant me retribution against." +# she came often to him -## my opponent ## +The word "him" refers to the judge. -"my enemy" or "the person who is trying to harm me." This is an opponent in a lawsuit. It is not clear whether the woman is suing the man or the man is suing the woman. +# Help me get justice against -## fear God ## +"Give me a just ruling against" -"revere God" +# my opponent -## man ## +"my enemy" or "the person who is trying to harm me." This is an opponent in a lawsuit. It is not clear whether the widow is suing the man or the man is suing the widow. -This refers here to "people" in general. +# man -## causes me trouble ## +This refers here to "people" in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -This can also be translated as "bothers me." +# causes me trouble -## wear me out ## +"bothers me" + +# wear me out "exhaust me" -## by her constant coming ## +# by her constant coming "by continually coming to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/06.md b/luk/18/06.md index 963642bb6f..f19668e102 100644 --- a/luk/18/06.md +++ b/luk/18/06.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to his disciples about prayer. +# General Information: -## Listen to what the unjust judge says ## +Jesus has finished telling his parable and is now commenting about it to his disciples. + +# Listen to what the unjust judge says "Think about what the unjust judge just said." Translate this in a way that people will understand that Jesus has already told what the judge said. -## Will not God also bring ## +# Now -Jesus used this rhetorical question to indicate that what he was teaching was something that his audience should already be able to figure out. This could also be translated as "God will certainly bring" or "So you can be sure that God will also bring." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This word indicates that Jesus has ended the parable and has started explaining its meaning. -## his chosen ones ## +# will not God also bring ... night? + +Jesus uses a question to teach the disciples. This can be a statement. AT: "God will also certainly ... night!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# his chosen ones "the people he has chosen" -## Will he not be patient with them? ## +# Will he delay long over them? -Jesus used this rhetorical question to remind people of something they should already have known about God. This could also be translated as "And you know that he is patient with them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus uses a question to teach the disciples. This can be a statement. AT: "He will certainly not delay long over them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Son of Man ## +# the Son of Man comes -Jesus is referring to himself. +Jesus is referring to himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man come" -## will he find faith on the earth ## +# will he indeed find faith on the earth? -The purpose of the parable is to encourage the disciples to keep believing and pray. Jesus is here using another rhetorical question that expects a negative answer. The meaning of the question is "But I know that when I, the Son of Man, return, I will find people who do not believe in me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The purpose of the parable is to encourage the disciples to keep believing and pray. However, the form of the question indicates that the expected answer is negative. AT: "he will find many on earth who do not believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# will he indeed find + +If you translated "the Son of Man" as "I, the Son of Man" you will need to say here "will I indeed find." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/09.md b/luk/18/09.md index ae57a6a036..b352ec4135 100644 --- a/luk/18/09.md +++ b/luk/18/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Then he ## +# General Information: + +Jesus begins to tell another parable to some other people who were persuaded that they themselves were righteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# Then he "Then Jesus" -## some ## +# some "some people" -## who were persuaded in themselves that they were righteous ## +# who were persuaded in themselves that they were righteous -"who were self-righteous" or "who thought they were righteous" (UDB) +"who were convinced of their own righteous" or "who thought they were righteous" -## despised ## +# despised "devalued" or "thought they were better than" -## into the temple ## +# into the temple "into the temple courtyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/11.md b/luk/18/11.md index 3bb53da545..d63e851e4b 100644 --- a/luk/18/11.md +++ b/luk/18/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. - -## The Pharisee stood and prayed these things about himself ## +# The Pharisee stood and prayed these things about himself The meaning of the Greek text of this phrase is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) "The Pharisee stood and prayed about himself in this way" or 2) "The Pharisee stood by himself and prayed." -## robbers ## +# robbers A robber is someone who steals things by forcing people to give them to him, or by threatening to force them. -## fast ## +# or even like this tax collector -"To fast" means not to eat a meal. The Pharisees did this twice a week. +The Pharisees believed that tax collectors were as sinful as robbers, unrighteous people, and adulterers. This could be made explicit. AT: "and I am certainly not like this sinful tax collector who cheats people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## get ## +# all that I get -"earn" \ No newline at end of file +"everything I earn" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/13.md b/luk/18/13.md index 82e576b025..f2bec8a1cd 100644 --- a/luk/18/13.md +++ b/luk/18/13.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ -Jesus continues to speak to these people. +# Connecting Statement: -## lift up his eyes to heaven ## +Jesus has finished telling his parable. In verse 14, he comments about what the parable teaches. -AT: "look toward heaven" or "look upward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# standing at a distance -## hit his breast ## +"stood away from the Pharisee." This was a sign of humility. He did not feel worthy to be near the Pharisee. -This is a physical expression of great sorrow, and shows this man's repentance and humility. +# lift up his eyes to heaven -## God be merciful to me a sinner ## +To "lift up his eyes" means to look at something. AT: "look toward heaven" or "look upward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -This could be translated as "God, please have mercy on me even though I am a terrible sinner," or "God please be merciful to me. I am a great sinner." +# hit his breast -## this man ## +This is a physical expression of great sorrow, and shows this man's repentance and humility. AT: "hit his breast to show his sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -"the tax collector" +# God, be merciful to me, a sinner -## rather than the other ## +"God, please have mercy on me, even though I am a terrible sinner" or "God, please be merciful to me. I am a great sinner" -"rather than the other man" or "instead of the other man" or "and not the other man." This can also be translated as "but the other man was not justified." +# this man went back down to his house justified -## because everyone who exalts himself... ## +He was justified because God forgave his sin. AT: "God forgave the tax collector" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# rather than the other + +"rather than the other man" or "and not the other man." AT: "but God did not forgive the Pharisee" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# because everyone who exalts himself With this phrase, Jesus switches from the story to state the general principle that the story illustrates. -## exalted ## +# will be humbled -"greatly honored" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be exalted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will greatly honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/15.md b/luk/18/15.md index 2c6c2421ce..d20b62c647 100644 --- a/luk/18/15.md +++ b/luk/18/15.md @@ -1,35 +1,31 @@ -## touch them, but ## +# Connecting Statement: -This could also be translated as separate sentences: "touch them. But." +This is the next event in the part of the story which began in [Luke 17:20](../17/20.md). Jesus welcomes the children and talks about them. -## rebuked ## +# touch them, but -The disciples expressed strong disapproval of the parents who were bringing their babies to Jesus. +This could also be translated as separate sentences: "touch them. But" -## Permit ## +# they rebuked them -"Allow" +"the disciples tried to stop the parents from bringing their children to Jesus" -## little children ## +# Jesus called them to him -This is a different word than "infants" which was used for the babies that the people were bringing. "Little children" were somewhat older than "infants." +"Jesus told the people to bring their infants to him" -## do not forbid them ## +# Permit the little children to come to me, and do not forbid them -"do not hinder them" or "do not prevent the little children" +These two sentences have similar meaning and they are combined for emphasis. Some languages emphasize in a different way. AT: "You must certainly allow the children to come to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## belongs to such ones ## +# belongs to such ones -This could also be translated "belongs to people who are like these little children." +This could be stated as a simile. AT: "belongs to people who are like these little children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Truly I say to you ## +# Truly I say to you "Surely I say to you." Jesus used this expression to emphasize the importance of what he was about to say. -## as a child ## +# whoever will not receive the kingdom of God like a child will definitely not enter it -This is a simile that compares the attitude of a child to people who are entering the kingdom of God. The points of similarity are humility and trust. The simile means "they will humbly receive God's kingdom just as a child is humble and trusting." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -## enter it ## - -This could also be translated as "enter into God's kingdom" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +God requires people to accept his rule over them with trust and humility. AT: "whoever wants to enter God's kingdom must receive it with trust and humility like a child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/18.md b/luk/18/18.md index cce3356746..bb2bc450be 100644 --- a/luk/18/18.md +++ b/luk/18/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## what must I do ## +# Connecting Statement: + +This is the next event in the part of the story which began in [Luke 17:20](../17/20.md). Jesus begins to talk with a ruler about entering the kingdom of heaven. + +# A certain ruler + +This introduces a new character in the story. It only identifies him by his position. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# what must I do "what do I need to do" or "what is required of me" -## inherit ## +# inherit eternal life -"become the rightful owner of." This usually refers to the property of someone who has died. Luke uses this metaphor to show that the ruler understood that eternal life could not be earned, and that not everyone will live eternally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"receive life that does not end." The term "inherit" usually refers to the property that a man left to his children when he dies. Therefore, this metaphor may mean he understood himself to be a child of God and desired for God to give him eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## No one is good, except God alone ## +# Why do you call me good? No one is good, except God alone -This could also be translated as two sentences: "No person is truly good. God alone is good." +Jesus is asking the ruler if he realizes that calling Jesus "good" implies that Jesus is God. AT: "You know that no one is good except God alone. Why do you call me good?" or "You know that no one is good except God alone. Do you understand what you are saying when you call me good?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## do not kill ## +# do not kill "do not murder" -## All these things ## +# All these things "All of these commandments" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/22.md b/luk/18/22.md index 4058227eab..4ccc122d8f 100644 --- a/luk/18/22.md +++ b/luk/18/22.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## And when Jesus heard that ## +# When Jesus heard that -"And when Jesus heard the man say that" +"When Jesus heard the man say that" -## he said to him ## +# he said to him "he answered him" -## One thing you still lack ## +# One thing you still lack "You still need to do one more thing" or "There is one thing that you have not yet done" -## Sell all that you have ## +# sell all that you have -"Sell all your possessions" or "Sell everything that you own" +"sell all your possessions" or "sell everything that you own" -## distribute ## +# distribute it to the poor -"give" +"give away the money to the poor people" -## distribute it to the poor ## +# you will have treasure in heaven -"give away the money to the poor people" \ No newline at end of file +"treasure in heaven" here refers to God's blessing. AT: "you will have God's blessings in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# come, follow me + +"come with me as my disciple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/24.md b/luk/18/24.md index 304198e68c..57c8d361c1 100644 --- a/luk/18/24.md +++ b/luk/18/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## he too became very sad ## +# How difficult it is ... kingdom of God! -This phrase is absent from many Greek manuscripts and so often omitted from English translations. +This is an exclamation, and not a question. AT: "It is so very hard ... kingdom of God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## a camel to go through a needle’s eye ## +# a camel to go through a needle's eye -It is impossible for a camel to fit through the eye of a needle. Therefore, it appears that Jesus may have been using hyperbole to say "it is extremely difficult for a rich man to be saved." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +It is impossible for a camel to fit through the eye of a needle. Jesus was probably using hyperbole to mean it is extremely difficult for a rich man to enter God's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## needle's eye ## +# needle's eye The needle's eye is the hole in a sewing needle through which the thread is passed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/26.md b/luk/18/26.md index bd1ea8c817..8ca7af4af5 100644 --- a/luk/18/26.md +++ b/luk/18/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Those hearing it ## +# Those hearing it said -This can also be translated as "The people who heard what Jesus said. +"The people who listening to Jesus said" -## Then who can be saved? ## +# Then who can be saved? -It is possible that they were asking for an answer. But it is more likely that this is a rhetorical question that means "Then no one can be saved!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +It is possible that they were asking for an answer. But it is more likely that they used the question to emphasize their surprise at what Jesus said. AT: "Then no one can be saved from sin!" or in active form: "Then God will not save anyone!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## be saved ## +# are impossible with people -"to be saved from sin" +"people cannot do" -## possible with God ## +# are possible with God -"possible for God to do" \ No newline at end of file +"are possible for God to do" or "God can do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/28.md b/luk/18/28.md index a7a049c069..a931b230bb 100644 --- a/luk/18/28.md +++ b/luk/18/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## everything that is our own ## +# Connecting Statement: + +This is the end of the conversation about entering the kingdom of heaven. + +# Well, we + +This phrase refers only to the disciples, and contrasts them with the rich ruler. + +# have left everything + +"have given up everything" or "have left behind everything" + +# everything that is our own "all our wealth" or "all our possessions" -## Truly, I say to you ## +# Truly, I say to you Jesus used this expression to stress the importance of what he is about to say. -## there is no one who has left…who will not receive ## +# there is no one who -This can be stated positively: "everyone who has left...will receive" (UDB). +This expression is intended to include the disciples, but to also include everyone else that had made the same sacrifices. -## and in the world to come, eternal life ## +# there is no one who has left ... who will not receive -This could also be translated as "and also eternal life in the world to come." \ No newline at end of file +This could be stated in positive form. AT: "everyone who has left ... will receive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# in the world to come, eternal life + +"also eternal life in the world to come" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/31.md b/luk/18/31.md index 60f9a5c56c..e74b99d0c9 100644 --- a/luk/18/31.md +++ b/luk/18/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## See ## +# Connecting Statement: + +This is the next event in this part of the story which began in [Luke 17:20](../17/20.md). Jesus is not talking to his disciples alone. + +# gathered the twelve to himself + +This means Jesus brought the twelve disciples to a place where other people were not present. + +# See This indicates a significant change in the ministry of Jesus as he goes to Jerusalem for the final time. -## the prophets ## +# that have been written by the prophets + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the prophets have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the prophets This refers to the Old Testament prophets. -## will be accomplished ## +# Son of Man -"will happen" or "will occur" +Jesus speaks of himself as "the Son of Man" and uses "he" to refer to himself. AT: "me, the Son of Man" -## Son of Man ## +# will be accomplished -Jesus speaks of himself as "the Son of Man" and uses "he" to refer to himself. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will happen" or "will occur" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## on the third day ## +# For he will be given over to the Gentiles -This refers to the third day after his death. However, the disciples did not yet understand this, so it is best not to add this explanation when translating this verse. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For the Jewish leaders will give him over to the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be mocked, and shamefully treated, and spit upon + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will mock him, treat him shamefully, and spit on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on the third day + +This refers to the third day after his death. However, the disciples did not yet understand this, so it is best not to add this explanation when translating this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/34.md b/luk/18/34.md index b5dcea1236..e03d48fda5 100644 --- a/luk/18/34.md +++ b/luk/18/34.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## And they understood none of these things ## +# General Information: -"And they did not understand any of these things" +This verse is not part of the main storyline, but rather a comment about this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## these things ## +# They understood none of these things + +"They did not understand any of these things" + +# these things This refers to Jesus' description of how he would suffer and die in Jerusalem, and that he would rise from the dead. -## this word was hidden from them ## +# this word was hidden from them -AT: "God prevented them from understanding the meaning of what he was telling them" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God prevented them from understanding the meaning of what he was telling them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the things that were said ## +# the things that were said -AT: "the things that Jesus said." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things that Jesus said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/35.md b/luk/18/35.md index 6d06c50223..523770cf02 100644 --- a/luk/18/35.md +++ b/luk/18/35.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## drew near to ## +# General Information: -"approached" +This is the next part of the story. Jesus heals a blind man as he approaches Jericho. These verses give background information and information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## a certain blind man was sitting ## +# It came about -"there was a blind man sitting." Here "certain" means only that the man is important to the story but his name will not be given. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## begging; and hearing ## +# a certain blind man was sitting -This could also be translated as two sentences: "begging. When he heard." +"there was a blind man sitting." Here "certain" means only that the man is an important new participant to the story but Luke does not mention his name. He is a new participant in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## They told him ## +# begging, and hearing -People in the crowd told the blind man. +It may be helpful to start a new sentence here. AT: "begging. When he heard" -## Jesus of Nazareth ## +# They told him + +"People in the crowd told the blind man" + +# Jesus of Nazareth Jesus came from the town of Nazareth that was located in Galilee. -## was passing by ## +# was passing by "was walking past him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/38.md b/luk/18/38.md index 44f547852e..76625574b8 100644 --- a/luk/18/38.md +++ b/luk/18/38.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## cried out ## +# So + +This word marks an event that happened because of something else that happened first. In this case, the crowd had told the blind man that Jesus was walking by. + +# cried out "called out" or "shouted" -## son of David ## +# Son of David Jesus was a descendant of David, Israel's most important king. -## have mercy on me ## +# have mercy on me "show me pity" or "show me compassion" -## The ones ## +# The ones who were walking ahead -"The people" +"The people who were walking at the front of the crowd" -## to be quiet ## +# to be quiet "to be silent" or "not to shout" -## cried out all the more ## +# cried out all the more This could mean that he cried out louder or that he cried out more persistently. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/40.md b/luk/18/40.md index b9cdcbedf4..4068865efc 100644 --- a/luk/18/40.md +++ b/luk/18/40.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# that the man be brought to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people to bring the blind man to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to receive my sight + +"to be able to see" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/42.md b/luk/18/42.md index 7c9113af9e..580325eebe 100644 --- a/luk/18/42.md +++ b/luk/18/42.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## your faith has healed you ## +# Receive your sight -This can also be translated as "I have healed you because you believed in me." +This is an imperative, but it did not required the man to do anything. He was healed as a result of the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## and followed him ## +# Your faith has healed you -This can also be translated as "and began to follow him." +The man's faith was the reason he was healed, but not the method of his healing. AT: "I have healed you because you believed in me" -## glorifying God ## +# glorifying God -"giving glory to God" or "praising God" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"giving glory to God" or "praising God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/18/intro.md b/luk/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4fc8c10ea2 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Luke 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Luke 18:6-8 should be seen as an explanation of the parable in 18:1-5. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Unjust judge ##### +Judges were supposed to administer justice without conditions, but this judge was not just to the woman. Instead, she had to beg many times for the judge to do the right thing. Therefore, the judge is referred to as "unjust." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unjust]]) + +##### Pharisees and tax collectors ##### +Luke occasionally contrasts these two groups of people in his gospel. These two figures are the epitome of righteousness and unrighteousness (according to the Pharisees). The Pharisees believed that they were very righteous and they believed that the tax collectors were very sinful. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unrighteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Son of Man ##### +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Every language may not have the ability to have a person refer to himself in the third person. + +##### "Prayed these things about himself" ##### +The Pharisee did not really "pray" because his prayer was not truly directed at God. His prayer was for himself and for other people to hear. + +##### General and Specific Instructions ##### + +There are times that the New Testament gives specific instructions or commands that always apply to all Christians. At other times, its instructions are more general and should only be taken as "good ideas." For example, "sell your possessions" is not meant to be instructive to all Christians. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/01.md b/luk/19/01.md index c7f5a4c3de..e296e6c983 100644 --- a/luk/19/01.md +++ b/luk/19/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Behold, there was a man there ## +# General Information: -The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a man who was…” \ No newline at end of file +This is the next part of the story. Zacchaeus is introduced to the story. Verse 1 gives background information about Jesus' travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Behold, there was a man there + +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. AT: "There was a man who was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# He was a chief tax collector and was rich + +This is background information about Zacchaeus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/03.md b/luk/19/03.md index c1b2cca60b..97dc9fc1b2 100644 --- a/luk/19/03.md +++ b/luk/19/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## He was trying to see who Jesus was ## +# He was trying -"Zacchaeus was trying to see who Jesus was" +"Zacchaeus was trying" -## a sycamore tree ## +# because he was small in height -"a sycamore fig tree." It produces small round fruit about 2.5 centimeters across. This can be translated simply as "a fig tree" or "a tree." +"because he was short" -## because he was small in height ## +# a sycamore tree -"because he was short" \ No newline at end of file +"a sycamore fig tree." It produces small round fruit about 2.5 centimeters across. AT: "a fig tree" or "a tree" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/05.md b/luk/19/05.md index 819bd9f969..16810c6e12 100644 --- a/luk/19/05.md +++ b/luk/19/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the place ## +# the place "the tree" or "where Zacchaeus was" -## He has gone in to visit a man who is a sinner ## +# So he hurried + +"So Zacchaeus hurried" + +# they all complained + +The Jews hated the tax collectors and did not think any good person should associate with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He has gone in to visit a man who is a sinner "Jesus has gone into the house of a sinner to visit him" -## a sinner ## +# a sinner -"an obvious sinner" or "a real sinner" (UDB) or "clearly a sinner" \ No newline at end of file +"an obvious sinner" or "a real sinner" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/08.md b/luk/19/08.md index cb1aecfaab..1608cb8f09 100644 --- a/luk/19/08.md +++ b/luk/19/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## the Lord ## +# the Lord This refers to Jesus. -## salvation has come to this house ## +# restore four times the amount -The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated with the verb "save": "God has saved this household" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"return to them four times as much as I took from them" -## this house ## +# salvation has come to this house + +It was understood that salvation comes from God. AT: "God has saved this household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# this house The word "house" here refers to the people living in the house or the family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he too ## +# he too "this man too" or "Zacchaeus also" -## son of Abraham ## +# son of Abraham Possible meanings are 1) "descendant of Abraham" and 2) "person who has faith as Abraham did." -## the people who are lost ## +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man" + +# the people who are lost "the people who have wandered away from God" or "those who by sinning have wandered away from God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/11.md b/luk/19/11.md index aa184804e0..5aa5ccd43f 100644 --- a/luk/19/11.md +++ b/luk/19/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## that the kingdom of God would appear immediately ## +# General Information: -"that Jesus would immediately begin to rule over God's kingdom" +Jesus begins to tell a parable to the crowd. Verse 11 gives background information about why Jesus tells the parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## a certain nobleman ## +# that the kingdom of God was about to appear immediately -"a certain man who was a member of the ruling class" or "a certain man from an important family." It can also be translated as "an important man" or "a man of high position." +The Jews believed that the Messiah would establish the kingdom as soon as he came to Jerusalem. AT: "that Jesus would immediately begin to rule over God's kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to receive for himself a kingdom ## +# A certain nobleman -"to be made king" or "to become king of the country he lived in." \ No newline at end of file +"A certain man who was a member of the ruling class" or "A certain man from an important family" + +# to receive for himself a kingdom + +This is the image of a lesser king going to a greater king. The greater king would give the lesser king the right and authority to rule over his own country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/13.md b/luk/19/13.md index 654a66d688..7189881bf2 100644 --- a/luk/19/13.md +++ b/luk/19/13.md @@ -1,37 +1,39 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# He called -## He called ## +"The nobleman called." It may be helpful to state that the man did this before he left to receive his kingdom. AT: "Before he left, he called" -The word "He" refers to the nobleman. +# gave them ten minas -## gave them ten minas ## +"gave each of them one mina" -This can be translated as "gave them each one mina." +# ten minas -## ten minas ## +A mina is 600 grams. Each mina was worth about what someone would be paid in four months. AT: "ten valuable coins" or "a large amount of money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -This can be translated as "ten valuable coins" or "a large amount of money." Each mina was worth about what someone would be paid in four months. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +# Conduct business -## conduct business ## +"Trade with this money" or "Use this money in order to earn more" -This can be translated as "trade with this money" or "use this money in order to earn more." - -## his citizens ## +# his citizens "the people of his country" -## a delegation of ambassadors ## +# a delegation -"representatives" or "messengers" +"a group of people to represent them" or "several messengers" -## And it happened ## +# It happened This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## having received the kingdom ## +# having received the kingdom "after he had become king" -## what profit they had made ## +# to be called to him -"what money they had earned" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to come to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what profit they had made + +"how much money they had earned" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/16.md b/luk/19/16.md index c82609b917..7ceb499423 100644 --- a/luk/19/16.md +++ b/luk/19/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# The first -## The first ## +"The first servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -"The first servant" +# came before him -## came before him ## +"came before the nobleman" -The word "him" refers to the nobleman. +# your mina has made ten minas more -## mina ## +It is implied that the servant was the one who caused the profit. AT: "I used your mina to make a profit of ten more minas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](./13.md). +# mina -## Well done ## +A mina is 600 grams. Each mina was worth about what someone would be paid in four months. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -"You have done well." Your language may have a phrase that an employer would use to show approval, such as "Good job." \ No newline at end of file +# Well done + +"You have done well." Your language may have a phrase that an employer would use to show approval, such as "Good job." + +# very little + +This refers to the one mina, which the nobleman apparently did not consider to be a lot of money. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/18.md b/luk/19/18.md index 9a489b20e3..b80a1c75be 100644 --- a/luk/19/18.md +++ b/luk/19/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# The second -## your mina, lord, has made five minas ## +"The second servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -This can be translated as "Lord, with the money you gave me, I have have earned five times the amount." +# Your mina, lord, has made five minas -## mina ## +It is implied that the servant was the one who caused the profit. AT: "Lord, I used your mina to make a profit of five more minas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](./13.md). +# mina -## You take charge over five cities. ## +A mina is 600 grams. Each mina was worth about what someone would be paid in four months. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -This can be translated as "You will have authority over five cities." \ No newline at end of file +# You take charge over five cities + +"You will have authority over five cities" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/20.md b/luk/19/20.md index 8a8ee3bbeb..295e244c26 100644 --- a/luk/19/20.md +++ b/luk/19/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# Another came -## mina ## +"Another servant came" -See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](./13.md). +# mina -## a severe man ## +A mina is 600 grams. Each mina was worth about what someone would be paid in four months. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -"a stern man" or "a man who expects a lot from his servants" or "a hard man" (UDB) +# kept safely in a cloth -## you take up that which you did not lay down ## +"wrapped in a cloth and stored away" -This can be translated as "you take out what you did not put in" or "you take what is not yours." It was a proverb describing a greedy person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/proverb]]) +# a demanding person -## reap that which you did not sow ## +"a stern man" or "a man who expects a lot from his servants" -"reap what you did not plant." This is a metaphor. The servant was comparing his master to a farmer who takes food that someone else planted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# You take up what you did not put in -## reap ## +This was probably a proverb. A person who takes out of storage or out of a bank things that he did not put in is a metaphor for someone who benefits from other people's hard work. AT: "You take out what you did not put in" or "You are like a person how takes out what other people put in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"harvest" or "collect" or "gather" \ No newline at end of file +# you reap what you did not sow + +This was probably a proverb. A person who harvests food that someone else has planted is a metaphor for someone who benefits from other people's hard work. AT: "you are like a person who reaps the fruit of what other people sowed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/22.md b/luk/19/22.md index d6f0a05e02..7e69a930cd 100644 --- a/luk/19/22.md +++ b/luk/19/22.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# By your own words -## that I am a severe man, taking up… ## +His "words" refer to all that he had said. AT: "Based on what you have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -The nobleman was repeating what the servant had said about him. He was not saying that it was true. +# You knew that I am a demanding person -## a severe man ## +The nobleman was repeating what the servant had said about him. He was not saying that it was true. AT: "You say that I am a demanding person" -"a harsh man" +# why did you not put my money ... interest? -## Why did you not put my money ## +The nobleman uses a question to rebuke the wicked servant. AT: "you should have put my money ... interest." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This starts a rhetorical question. It is used as a rebuke. It can be translated as "You should have put my money." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# put my money in the bank -## put my money in the bank ## +"lent my money to a bank." Cultures that do not have banks might translate it as "let someone borrow my money." -This can be translated as "lent my money to a bank." Cultures that do not have banks might translate it as "let someone borrow my money." - -## bank ## +# bank A bank is a business that safely holds money for people. Banks lend that money to others for a profit. Therefore it pays an extra amount, or interest, to the people who keep their money in the bank. -## I would have collected it with interest ## +# I would have collected it with interest -This can be translated as "I could have collected that amount plus the interest it would have earned" (UDB) or "I would gain a profit from it." +"I could have collected that amount plus the interest it would have earned" or "I would have gained a profit from it" -## interest ## +# interest Interest is money that a bank pays people who put their money in the bank. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/24.md b/luk/19/24.md index c5b69fdf45..afe4e9ad5e 100644 --- a/luk/19/24.md +++ b/luk/19/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# The nobleman -## The nobleman ## +The nobleman had become king. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:12](./11.md). -The nobleman had become king. Translate this with a word that will make this clear to your readers. - -## them that stood by ## +# them that stood by "the people who were standing near them" -## mina ## +# mina -See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file +A mina is 600 grams. Each mina was worth about what someone would be paid in four months. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# he has ten minas + +"he already has ten minas!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/26.md b/luk/19/26.md index e6493de286..0f169d7cf1 100644 --- a/luk/19/26.md +++ b/luk/19/26.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -This finishes Jesus' parable and is the end of the discussion at Zacchaeus' house. +# I say to you -## I say to you ## +This was the king speaking. Some translators may want to start this verse with "And the king replied, 'I say to you'" or "But the king said 'I tell you this'" . -This was the king speaking. Some translators may want to start this verse with "And the king replied, 'I say to you'" or "But the king said 'I tell you this'" (UDB). +# everyone who has -## everyone who has ## +It is implied that what he has is the money he earned by using his mina faithfully. AT: "everyone who uses well what he has been given" or "everyone who uses well what I have given him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -This can be translated as "everyone who uses well what they have been given" or "everyone who uses well what I have given him." +# will be given more -## will be given more ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will give him more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This can be translated with an active verb: "I will give him more." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# from him that has not -## from him that has not ## +It is implied that the reason he does not have money is because he did not use his mina faithfully. AT: "from the person who does not use well what I have given him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -This can be translated as "from the person who does not use well what he has been given." +# will be taken away -## these enemies of mine ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will take away from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# these enemies of mine Since the enemies were not right there, some languages would say "those enemies of mine." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/28.md b/luk/19/28.md index 3ca3960787..b462ff2011 100644 --- a/luk/19/28.md +++ b/luk/19/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## When he had said these things ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "he" refers to Jesus, not to the king in the previous parable. Some versions make this clear by translating it as "When Jesus had said these things." +This is the end of the part of the story about Zacchaeus. This verse tells us what Jesus did after this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## going up to Jerusalem ## +# When he had said these things -Jerusalem is about 975 meters higher in elevation then Jericho. \ No newline at end of file +"When Jesus had said these things" + +# going up to Jerusalem + +Jerusalem was higher than Jericho, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/29.md b/luk/19/29.md index f194580c7d..49babbae15 100644 --- a/luk/19/29.md +++ b/luk/19/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## It came about that ## +# General Information: -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This is the next part of the story. Jesus approaches Jerusalem. -## when he drew near ## +# It came about that -The word "he" refers to Jesus. His disciples were traveling with him. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Bethphage ## +# when he came near + +The word "he" refers to Jesus. His disciples were also traveling with him. + +# Bethphage Bethphage was a village on the Mount of Olives, which is across the Kidron Valley from Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the mount that is called Olivet ## +# the hill that is called Olivet -"the hill that is called the Mount of Olives" or "the hill that is called "Olive Tree Mountain." \ No newline at end of file +"the hill that is called the Mount of Olives" or "the hill that is called "Olive Tree Mountain" + +# a colt + +"a young donkey" or "a young riding animal" + +# that has never been ridden + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that no one has ever ridden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If anyone asks you ... need of it + +Jesus tells the disciples how to answer a question that has not yet been asked. However, people in the village will soon ask the question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# If anyone asks you, 'Why are you untying it?' + +The inner quote can also be translated as an indirect quote. AT: "If any one asks you why you are untying it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/32.md b/luk/19/32.md index 189c7c3aa6..1edb4ef130 100644 --- a/luk/19/32.md +++ b/luk/19/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Those who were sent ## +# Those who were sent -This can be translated with an active verb: "Those Jesus had sent" or "The two disciples that Jesus sent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The two disciples that Jesus sent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## threw their garments upon the colt ## +# the owners -"put their robes on the young donkey." Garments are clothes. In this case it refers to their outer robes or cloaks. +"the owners of the colt" -## they spread their garments ## +# Why are you untying ... Lord has need of it -This can be translated as "people spread their garments" or "others spread their cloaks" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +This is the question and answer that Jesus predicted in [Luke 19:31](./29.md) and should be translated the same as in that verse. + +# threw their cloaks upon the colt + +"put their robes on the young donkey." Cloaks are outer robes. + +# set Jesus on it + +"helped Jesus get up on and ride on the colt" + +# they spread their cloaks + +"people spread their cloaks." This is a sign of giving honor to someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/37.md b/luk/19/37.md index c71f5522dd..a17fc39315 100644 --- a/luk/19/37.md +++ b/luk/19/37.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## As he was now drawing near ## +# As he was now approaching -"As Jesus was going near" or "as Jesus was approaching." Jesus' disciples were traveling with him. +"As Jesus was going near." Jesus' disciples were traveling with him. -## mighty works which they had seen ## +# where the Mount of Olives descends -This can be translated as "great things they had seen Jesus do." +"where the road goes down from the Mount of Olives" -## Blessed is the king ## +# mighty works which they had seen + +"great things they had seen Jesus do" + +# Blessed is the king They were saying this about Jesus. -## the Lord ## +# in the name of the Lord -This refers to God. +Here "name" refers to power and authority. Also, "Lord" refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## glory in the highest ## +# Peace in heaven -This can be translated as "Let glory be given to the One in the highest" or "Let praise be given to the Highest One." It can be translated with an active verb and a noun saying who will give praise to God, as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"May there be peace in heaven." They are expressing what they want to happen. + +# glory in the highest + +"highest" refers to heaven, where God lives. AT: "let everyone give glory to God in the highest heaven" or "let everyone praise God the Highest One" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/39.md b/luk/19/39.md index 9de5f5b6e4..bf9531561a 100644 --- a/luk/19/39.md +++ b/luk/19/39.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## rebuke your disciples ## +# in the multitude -AT: "tell your disciples to stop doing these things" +"in the large crowd" -## I tell you ## +# rebuke your disciples + +"tell your disciples to stop doing these things" + +# I tell you Jesus said this to emphasize what he would say next. -## If these were silent ## +# if these were silent ... cry out -This is a hypothetical situation. Some translators may need to make it clear what Jesus was implying when he said this: "No, I will not rebuke them, for if these people were to be silent…" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This is a hypothetical situation. Some translators may need to make it clear what Jesus was implying when he said this: "no, I will not rebuke them, for if these people were to be silent ... cry out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the stones would cry out ## +# the stones would cry out "the stones would call out praises" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/41.md b/luk/19/41.md index 4bdacb8b24..c58b2f953f 100644 --- a/luk/19/41.md +++ b/luk/19/41.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## drew near ## - -"approached" or "went near" - -## the city ## +# the city This refers to Jerusalem. -## he wept over it ## +# he wept over it The word "it" refers to the city of Jerusalem, but it represents the people who lived in that city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## If only you had known ## +# If only you had known ... bring you peace -This can be translated as "I wish so much that you knew or "I am very sad because you do not know." This is an exclamation. Jesus was expressing his sadness that the people of Jerusalem did not know these things. The implied information can be added to the end of the sentence: "then you could have had peace." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus expressed his sadness that the people of Jerusalem had missed the opportunity to be at peace with God. -## you ## +# you The word "you" is singular because Jesus was speaking to the city. But if this would be unnatural in your language, you could use a plural form of "you" to refer to the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## they are hidden from your eyes ## +# they are hidden from your eyes -This can be translated as "you can no longer see them" or "you are unable to know it" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +"your eyes" refer to the ability to see. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you can no longer see them" or "you are unable to know it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/43.md b/luk/19/43.md index b82379621b..df3bb5c6d3 100644 --- a/luk/19/43.md +++ b/luk/19/43.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues speaking outside the city of Jerusalem. +# Connecting Statement: -## For ## +Jesus continues speaking. + +# For What follows is the reason for Jesus' sadness. -## the days will come upon you ## +# the days will come upon you -This indicates that they would experience hard times. Some languages do not talk about time coming. So this can be translated as "In the future these things will happen to you" or "Soon you will endure troublesome times." +This indicates that they would experience difficult times. Some languages do not talk about time coming. AT: "in the future these things will happen to you" or "soon you will endure troublesome times" -## you ## +# you -The word “you” is singular because Jesus was speaking to the city. But if this would be unnatural in your language, you could use a plural form of “you” to refer to the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The word "you" is singular because Jesus was speaking to the city. But if this would be unnatural in your language, you could use a plural form of "you" to refer to the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## barricade ## +# barricade -A barricade is a wall to keep the people from getting out of the city. +This refers to a wall to keep the people from getting out of the city. -## They will strike you down to the ground ## +# They will strike you down to the ground -Since Jesus was speaking to the city, this refers to the walls and buildings of the city. It can also be translated as "They will destroy your walls" or "They will destroy your city." +Since Jesus was speaking to the city, this refers to the walls and buildings of the city. AT: "They will destroy your walls" or "They will destroy your city" -## and your children within you ## +# your children with you -This refers to the people who lived in the city. If you have used the plural form of you in this passage, this could also be translated as "and they will kill you people in the city." +This refers to the people who lived in the city. AT: "they will kill you people in the city" -## They will not leave one stone upon another ## +# They will not leave one stone upon another -This is a hyperbole to express how completely the enemies would destroy the city which was built of stones. It can be translated as "They will not leave any of the stones in place." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"They will not leave any of the stones in place." This is a hyperbole to express that the enemies would completely destroy the city, which was built of stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## you did not know ## +# you did not recognize it -"you did not recognize" or "you did not acknowledge" \ No newline at end of file +"you did not acknowledge" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/45.md b/luk/19/45.md index 6b875bdf8e..b2b4313a98 100644 --- a/luk/19/45.md +++ b/luk/19/45.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## cast out ## +# Connecting Statement: -"throw out" or "chase out" or "force them to leave" +This is the next event in this part of the story. Jesus enters the temple in Jerusalem. -## it is written ## +# Jesus entered the temple -This can be translated as "The scriptures say" or "a prophet wrote these words in the scriptures." This is a quotation from Isaiah [Isaiah 56:6](../../isa/56/06.md). +It may be helpful to state that he entered Jerusalem first, where the temple was located. AT: "Jesus entered Jerusalem and then went to the temple courtyard" -## my house ## +# entered the temple -The word "my" refers to God. +Only priests were allowed to enter the temple building. AT: "went into the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## house of prayer ## +# cast out + +"throw out" or "force out" + +# It is written + +This is a quotation from Isaiah. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The scriptures say" or "A prophet wrote these words in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# My house + +The word "My" refers to God and "house" refers to the temple. + +# house of prayer "a place where people pray to me" -## a den of robbers ## +# a den of robbers -"a place where robbers hide out." This is a metaphor. It can be translated with a simile as "like a den of robbers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus speaks of the temple as if it was a place where thieves come together. AT: "a place where thieves hide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/47.md b/luk/19/47.md index 989c42e4bc..16b5341a49 100644 --- a/luk/19/47.md +++ b/luk/19/47.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## in the temple ## +# Connecting Statement: + +This is the end of this part of the story. These verses tell about on-going action that continues after the main part of the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) + +# in the temple "in the temple courtyard" or "at the temple" -## chief priests ## +# were listening to him intently -"highest-ranking priests" of "most important priests" - -## were listening to him intently ## - -“were paying close attention to what Jesus was saying” \ No newline at end of file +"were paying close attention to what Jesus was saying" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/19/intro.md b/luk/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..56e2186865 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Luke 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Luke 19:11-27 forms a single parable. This parable instructs believers how to live in light of the coming kingdom of God because they wrongly believed that the kingdom was going to appear very quickly. Although the kingdom could appear at any time, this does not mean it is going to happen today or tomorrow, just that it could. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Sinner" ##### +The Pharisees refer to a group of people as "sinners." The Jewish leaders thought these people were sinful, but in reality the leaders were also sinful. This can be taken as irony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +##### Stewardship ##### + +Although this word is not used in this chapter, it is a concept which plays a significant part of the teaching of this chapter. Stewardship is being trustworthy in the handling of the things which have been entrusted to you. God expects each person to use the gifts that he has given to them. This includes not only the natural gifts or abilities that God has given to man, but a person's life lived in expectation of eternal life. God also expects people to live in the expectation of the imminent return of Jesus. + +##### Colt ##### + +The way in which Jesus entered into Jerusalem, mounted on an animal, was similar to the way a king would have entered into a city after a great victory. It was traditional for the kings of Israel to ride on a donkey. There was also a donkey present with a colt but it is unclear which animal Jesus rode. It is best to translate this as it appears in the ULB without trying to reconcile these two passages. (See:[Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md)) + +##### Spreading the garments and branches ##### + +This was a way to honor a king. + +##### "[Jesus] began to cast out those who were selling" ##### +Jesus is recorded as cleaning the ungodly merchants from the temple. This event shows the authority Jesus had over the temple and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/01.md b/luk/20/01.md index 158a1ba346..869c6c0973 100644 --- a/luk/20/01.md +++ b/luk/20/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## It came about ## +# Connecting Statement: -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. \ No newline at end of file +The chief priests, scribes, and elders questioned Jesus in the temple. + +# It came about + +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# in the temple + +"in the temple courtyard" or "at the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/03.md b/luk/20/03.md index 84c4864c8f..a2884f297e 100644 --- a/luk/20/03.md +++ b/luk/20/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## He answered and said to them ## +# General Information: + +Jesus responds to the chief priests, scribes, and elders. + +# He answered and said to them "Jesus replied" -## The baptism of John, was it from heaven, or from men?" ## +# Was it from heaven or from men? -This can be translated as "Was John's authority to baptize people from heaven or from men?" or "Did God tell John to baptize people, or did people tell him to do it?" +Jesus knew that John's authority came from heaven. He asked the question so the Jewish leaders would have to tell what they thought to all who were listening. AT: "Do you think John's authority to baptize people came from heaven or from men?" or "Do you think God told John to baptize people, or did people tell him to do it?" -## from heaven ## +# from heaven -“from God.” Jewish people avoided referring to God by his name “Yahweh.” Often they used the word “heaven” to refer to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"from God." Jewish people avoided referring to God by his name "Yahweh." Often they used the word "heaven" to refer to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/05.md b/luk/20/05.md index 7b82036ef9..22835a7fe1 100644 --- a/luk/20/05.md +++ b/luk/20/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## They reasoned ## +# They reasoned -This may also be translated as "They discussed" or "They considered their answer." +"They discussed" or "They considered their answer" -## From heaven ## +# with themselves -"From God." Depending on how the question was translated in the previous verse, this may be translated as "God did" or "God authorized him." Some languages might prefer an indirect quote. The beginning of this sentence can be translated as "If we say that God authorized him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +"among themselves" or "with each other" -## he will say ## +# If we say, 'From heaven,' + +Some languages might prefer an indirect quote. AT: "'If we say that John's authority is from heaven," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# From heaven + +"From God." Depending on how the question was translated in the previous verse, this may be translated as "God did" or "God authorized him." + +# he will say "Jesus will say" -## stone us ## +# if we say, 'From men,' -"kill us by throwing stones on us." God's Law commanded that his people stone those of his people who mocked him or his prophets. \ No newline at end of file +Some languages might prefer an indirect quote. AT: "if we say that John's authority is from men," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# stone us + +"kill us by throwing stones on us." God's Law commanded that his people stone those of his people who mocked him or his prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/07.md b/luk/20/07.md index bc576079ff..f05cad509d 100644 --- a/luk/20/07.md +++ b/luk/20/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## And they answered ## +# So they answered -"The chief priests, scribes and elders answered" +"So the chief priests, scribes and elders answered." The word "so" marks an event that happened because of something else that happened first. In this case, they had reasoned with themselves in [Luke 20:5-6](./05.md), and they did not have an answer they wanted to say. -## they answered that they did not know ## +# they answered that they did not know where it came from -Some languages may prefer a direct quote. "They said, 'We do not know'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +This could be stated as a direct quote. AT: "they said, 'We do not know where it came from'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## where it came from ## +# where it came from -"where John's baptism came from." It can be translated as "where John's authority to baptize came from" or "who authorized John to baptize people." +"where John's baptism came from." AT: "where John's authority to baptize came from" or "who authorized John to baptize people" -## Neither will I tell you ## +# Neither will I tell you -This could be translated as "And I will not tell you" or "Just as you will not tell me, I will not tell you." \ No newline at end of file +"And I will not tell you." Jesus knew they were not willing to tell him the answer, so he responded in the same manner. AT: "Just as you will not tell me, I will not tell you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/09.md b/luk/20/09.md index 07528f495a..c13b001c6b 100644 --- a/luk/20/09.md +++ b/luk/20/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## rented it out to vine growers ## +# General Information: -"allowed some vine growers to use it in exchange for money" or "allowed some vine growers to use it and pay him later" +Jesus begins to tell a parable to the people in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## vine growers ## +# rented it out to vine growers -These are people who tend grape vines and grow grapes. It can be translated as "grape farmers." +"allowed some vine growers to use it in exchange for payment" or "allowed some vine growers to use it and pay him later." Payment might be in the form of money, or a portion of the harvest. -## of the fruit of the vineyard ## +# vine growers -"some of the grapes" or "some of what they produced in the vineyard." It could also refer to things made from grapes or the money they earned by selling the grapes. +These are people who tend grape vines and grow grapes. AT: "grape farmers" -## sent him away empty-handed ## +# the appointed time -handed** - This can be translated as "sent him away without paying him" or "sent him away without the grapes." \ No newline at end of file +"the time they had agreed to pay him." This would have been at the harvest time. + +# of the fruit of the vineyard + +"some of the grapes" or "some of what they produced in the vineyard." It could also refer to the things they made from grapes or the money they earned by selling the grapes. + +# sent him away empty-handed + +An empty hand is a metaphor for "nothing." AT: "sent him away without paying him" or "sent him away without the grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/11.md b/luk/20/11.md index c5f3e0eae5..38f7673229 100644 --- a/luk/20/11.md +++ b/luk/20/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# beat him -## treated him shamefully ## +"beat that servant" + +# treated him shamefully "humiliated him" -## wounded him ## +# yet a third -"injured him" +"even a third servant" or "yet another servant." The word "yet" hints at the fact that the landowner should not have had to send the second servant, but he went beyond that and sent a third servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## yet a third ## +# wounded him -"even a third servant." The word "yet" hints at the fact that the landowner should not have had to send the second servant, but he went beyond that and sent a third servant. \ No newline at end of file +"injured that servant" + +# threw him out + +"threw him out of the vineyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/13.md b/luk/20/13.md index e2bf3009ae..7fc52b87c4 100644 --- a/luk/20/13.md +++ b/luk/20/13.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# What will I do? -## when the vine growers saw him ## +This question emphasizes the decision of the vineyard owner. AT: "Here is what I will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"when the farmers saw the owner's son" \ No newline at end of file +# when the vine growers saw him + +"when the farmers saw the owner's son" + +# Let us kill him + +They were not asking permission. The said this to encourage each other to kill the heir. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/15.md b/luk/20/15.md index e2e7572273..48a2102056 100644 --- a/luk/20/15.md +++ b/luk/20/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues telling his parable. +# Connecting Statement: -## They threw him out of the vineyard ## +Jesus finishes telling his parable to the crowd. + +# They threw him out of the vineyard "The vine growers forced the son out of the vineyard" -## What then will the lord of the vineyard do to them? ## +# What then will the lord of the vineyard do to them? -Jesus used this rhetorical question to get his listeners to pay attention to what the owner of the vineyard would do. It can be translated as a command: "So now, listen to what the lord of the vineyard will do to them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus used a question to get his listeners to pay attention to what the owner of the vineyard would do. AT: "So now, listen to what the lord of the vineyard will do to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## God forbid! ## +# God forbid! -"May God stop it from happening!" or "May it never happen!" The people understood this parable to mean that God would remove them from Jerusalem because they would reject the Messiah. They strongly expressed their desire that this terrible thing would not happen. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) \ No newline at end of file +"May God stop it from happening!" or "May it never happen!" The people understood this parable to mean that God would remove them from Jerusalem because they would reject the Messiah. They strongly expressed their desire that this terrible thing would not happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/17.md b/luk/20/17.md index 5228785b18..0770fcc696 100644 --- a/luk/20/17.md +++ b/luk/20/17.md @@ -1,33 +1,43 @@ -Jesus continues to speak to the crowd. +# Connecting Statement: -## But he looked at them ## +Jesus continues teaching the crowd. -"But Jesus stared at them" or "But he looked straight at them." He did this to hold them accountable to understand what he was saying. +# But Jesus looked at them -## What does this scripture mean ## +"But Jesus stared at them" or "But he looked straight at them." He did this to hold them accountable to understand what he was saying. -This rhetorical question can also be translated as "Then what was this scripture talking about?" or "You should be able to understand this scripture." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# What is the meaning of that which is written: 'The stone ... cornerstone'? -## The stone which the builders rejected has been made the cornerstone ## +Jesus uses a question to teach the crowd. AT: "You should be able to understand that which is written: 'The stone ... cornerstone.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -This metaphor is a prophecy from Psalm [Psalms 118:22](../../psa/118/022.md) about how people would reject the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# that which is written -## The stone which the builders rejected ## +"this scripture" -"The stone which the builders said was not good enough for building with." In those days people built the walls of houses and other buildings out of stones. +# The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone -## the cornerstone ## +This is the first of three metaphors in a prophecy from the book of Psalms. This one refers to the Messiah as if he were a stone that builders chose not to use, but that God made the most important stone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This was an important stone for making a building stable. It can be translated as "the chief stone" or "the most important stone." +# The stone that the builders rejected -## Everyone that falls on that stone ## +"The stone which the builders said was not good enough to use for building." In those days people built the walls of houses and other buildings out of stones. -"Anyone who falls down onto that stone." This metaphor is a prophecy about what will happen to everyone who rejects the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# the builders -## will be broken to pieces ## +This refers to the religious rulers who are rejecting Jesus as Messiah. -"will break up into pieces." This is a result of falling onto the stone. +# the cornerstone -## But on whomever it falls ## +"the chief stone of the building" or "the most important stone of the building" -"But whomever that stone falls on." This metaphor is a prophecy about the Messiah judging those who reject him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Every one who falls ... broken to pieces + +This second metaphor speaks of people who reject the Messiah as if they fall over a stone and are injured. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will be broken to pieces + +This is a result of falling onto the stone. It can be stated in active form. AT: "will break up into pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But on whomever it falls + +"But whomever that stone falls on." This third metaphor speaks about the Messiah judging those who reject him as if he were a large stone that would crush them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/19.md b/luk/20/19.md index 4af9df06bd..60fa0ec2f7 100644 --- a/luk/20/19.md +++ b/luk/20/19.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## sought to lay hands on him ## +# sought to lay hands on him -AT: "looked for a way to arrest Jesus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This expression refers to people exercising authority over the disciples. AT: "looked for a way to arrest Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in that very hour ## +# in that very hour "immediately" -## they were afraid of the people ## +# they were afraid of the people -This is the reason that they did not arrest Jesus right away. The people respected Jesus, and the religious leaders were afraid of what the people might do if they arrested him. Some translations may need to make this explicit: "But they did not arrest him because they were afraid of the people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This is the reason that they did not arrest Jesus right away. The people respected Jesus, and the religious leaders were afraid of what the people might do if they arrested him. AT: "they did not arrest him because they were afraid of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they sent out spies ## +# they sent out spies "the scribes and chief priests sent spies to watch Jesus" -## that they might find fault with his speech ## +# that they might find fault with his speech -"they wanted to accuse Jesus of saying something bad" +"because they wanted to accuse Jesus of saying something bad" -## so as to deliver him up to ## +# so as to deliver him up to "in order to bring him to" or "so that they might hand him over to" -## to the rule and to the authority of the governor ## +# to the rule and to the authority of the governor -"Rule" and "authority" are two ways of saying the same thing. It can be translated with one or both expressions. The reason for handing Jesus over to the governor can be made explicit: "so that the governor would punish Jesus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Rule" and "authority" are two ways of saying that they wanted the governor to judge Jesus. It can be translated with one or both expressions. AT: "so that the governor would punish Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/21.md b/luk/20/21.md index be8e8ec4ee..c05cf1a04a 100644 --- a/luk/20/21.md +++ b/luk/20/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## but you teach the truth about the way of God ## +# Connecting Statement: -This is part of what the spy was saying that they knew about Jesus. +This is the beginning of the next event in this part of the story. Some time has passed since Jesus was questioned in the temple by the chief priests. The spies are now questioning Jesus. -## are not influenced by anyone ## +# They asked him -Possible meanings are 1) "you tell the truth even if important people do not like it" (UDB) or 2) "you do not favor one person over another." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"The spies asked Jesus" -## Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar ## +# Teacher, we know ... way of God + +The spies were trying to deceive Jesus. They did not believe these things about Jesus. + +# we know + +"we" refers only to the spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# are not influenced by anyone's position + +Possible meanings are 1) "you tell the truth even if important people do not like it" or 2) "you do not favor one person over another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but you teach the truth about the way of God + +This is part of what the spies were saying that they knew about Jesus. + +# Is it lawful ... or not? They hoped that Jesus would say either "yes" or "no." If he said "yes," then the Jewish people would be angry with him for telling them to pay taxes to a foreign government. If he said "no," then the religious leaders could tell the Romans that Jesus was teaching the people to break the Roman laws. -## Is it lawful ## +# Is it lawful -They were asking about God's law, not about Caesar's law. This can also be translated "Does our law permit us." +They were asking about God's law, not about Caesar's law. AT: "Does our law permit us" -## Caesar ## +# Caesar Because Caesar was the ruler of the Roman government, they could refer to the Roman government by Caesar's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/23.md b/luk/20/23.md index 8dc4d9f218..85d2552588 100644 --- a/luk/20/23.md +++ b/luk/20/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## But Jesus understood their craftiness ## +# But Jesus understood their craftiness -"But Jesus understood how tricky they were" or "But Jesus saw that they were trying to trap him" +"But Jesus understood how tricky they were" or "But Jesus saw that they were trying to trap him." The word "their" refers to the spies. -## a denarius ## +# a denarius -a coin worth a day's wages. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +This is a Roman silver coin worth a day's wages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## image and superscription ## +# Whose image and name is on it? + +Jesus uses a question to respond to those who were trying to trick him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# image and name "picture and name" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/25.md b/luk/20/25.md index f74a3176c7..1e6a9c9271 100644 --- a/luk/20/25.md +++ b/luk/20/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## He said to them ## +# Connecting Statement: + +This is the end of this event about the spies and the part of the story which began in [Luke 20:1](./01.md). + +# He said to them "Then Jesus said to them" -## Caesar ## +# Caesar -"Caesar" refers to the Roman government. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Caesar" refers to the Roman government. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## were not able to criticize what he said ## +# and to God -"could not find anything wrong with what he said" +It may be helpful to insert the missing word "give." AT: "and give to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## They marveled ## +# They were not able to find fault with what he had said -"They were surprised" or "They were amazed" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"The spies could not find anything wrong with what he said" + +# but marvelling at his answer they were silent + +"but they were amazed at his answer and did not saying anthing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/27.md b/luk/20/27.md index 083a13c380..617c5512c1 100644 --- a/luk/20/27.md +++ b/luk/20/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the ones who say that there is no resurrection ## +# General Information: -This phrase identifies the Sadducees as being the group of Jews that say that no one would rise from the dead. It does not imply that some Sadducees believed that there is a resurrection and some did not. +This is the next part of the story. We do not know where this take places, though it is possible they are in the temple courtyard. Jesus is talking with some Sadducees. -## if a man's brother dies, haven a wife, and being childless ## +# the ones who say that there is no resurrection + +This phrase identifies the Sadducees as being the group of Jews that say that no one would rise from the dead. It does not imply that some Sadducees believed that there is a resurrection and some did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# if a man's brother dies, having a wife, and being childless "if a man's brother dies when he has a wife but does not have children" -## and being childless ## +# the man should take the brother's wife -"but not having children" +"the man should marry his dead brother's widow" -## the man should take the brother's wife ## +# have a child for his brother -"the man should marry his dead brother's widow" \ No newline at end of file +The Jews considered the children born from this kind of second marriage to belong to the dead man. They inherited his property and possessions and carried on his name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/29.md b/luk/20/29.md index 71cb6b46f8..21162baeb1 100644 --- a/luk/20/29.md +++ b/luk/20/29.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -The Sadducees continue speaking and tell Jesus a story. +# Connecting Statement: -## There were seven brothers ## +The Sadducees finish asking Jesus their question. + +# General Information: + +The Sadducees tell Jesus a short story in verses 29-32. This is a story they made up as an example. In verse 33, they ask Jesus a question about the story they told. + +# There were seven brothers This may have happened, but it is probably a story that they made up to test Jesus. -## died childless ## +# the first ... the second ... The third + +"brother number one ... brother number two ... Brother number three" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# died childless "died without having any children" or "died, but did not have any children" -## the second as well ## +# the second as well -This can be translated as "the second married her and the same thing happened" or "the second brother married her and died without having any children." +They did not repeat many of the details to keep the story short. AT: "the second married her and the same thing happened" or "the second brother married her and died without having any children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## The third took her ## +# The third took her -"the third married her" +"The third married her" -## likewise the seven also left no children, and died ## +# likewise the seven also left no children, and died -This can be translated as "in the same way the rest of the seven brothers married her and had no children and died." +They did not repeat many of the details to keep the story short. AT: "in the same way the rest of the seven brothers married her and had no children and died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## In the resurrection ## +# the seven -"when people are raised from the dead" or "when dead people will become alive again" (UDB). Some languages have a way of showing that the Sadducees did not believe that there would be a resurrection, such as "In the supposed resurrection" or "When dead people are supposedly raised from the dead." \ No newline at end of file +"all seven of the brothers" or "each of the seven brothers" + +# In the resurrection + +"When people are raised from the dead" or "When dead people will become alive again." Some languages have a way of showing that the Sadducees did not believe that there would be a resurrection, such as "In the supposed resurrection" or "When dead people are supposedly raised from the dead." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/34.md b/luk/20/34.md index cfb9c366fb..1df5365c33 100644 --- a/luk/20/34.md +++ b/luk/20/34.md @@ -1,35 +1,31 @@ -## The sons of this world ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus begins to answer the Sadducees. + +# The sons of this world "The people of this world" or "The people of this time." This is in contrast with those in heaven or the people who live after the resurrection. -## marry and are given in marriage ## +# marry and are given in marriage -In that culture they spoke of men marrying women and women being given in marriage to their husband. This can also be translated as "get married." +In that culture they spoke of men marrying women and women being given in marriage to their husband. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "get married" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they that are judged to be worthy ## +# those who are regarded as worthy in that age -"the people whom God has considered to be worthy" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people in that age whom God will consider to be worthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to receive the resurrection ## +# to receive the resurrection from the dead ones -"to be raised from the dead" or "to rise from the dead" +"to be raised from the dead" or "to rise from death" -## neither marry, nor are given in marriage ## +# will neither marry nor be given in marriage -"will not get married." This is after the resurrection. +In that culture they spoke of men marrying women and women being given in marriage to their husband. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "will not marry" or "will not get married." This is after the resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Neither can they die anymore ## +# Neither can they die anymore -This can be translated as "They will not be able to die anymore." This is after the resurrection. +This is after the resurrection. AT: "They will not be able to die anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and are sons of God, being sons of the resurrection ## +# are sons of God, being sons of the resurrection -This can be translated as "will be shown to be sons of God, when they have been raised from the dead." - -## sons of God ## - -"children of God" - -## sons of the resurrection ## - -"people who have been raised from the dead" \ No newline at end of file +"are children of God because he has brought them back from the dead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/37.md b/luk/20/37.md index 368b4470ef..e5156a94ab 100644 --- a/luk/20/37.md +++ b/luk/20/37.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues speaking. +# Connecting Statement: -## But that the dead are raised, even Moses showed ## +Jesus finishes answering the Sadducees. -"But even Moses showed that dead people are raised from death." The word "even" is here because the Sadducees might not have been surprised that some scriptures say that the dead are raised, but they did not expect Moses to have written something like that. +# But that the dead are raised, even Moses showed -## in the place concerning the bush ## +The word "even" is here because the Sadducees might not have been surprised that some scriptures say that the dead are raised, but they did not expect Moses to have written something like that. AT: "But even Moses showed that dead people rise from the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"In the part of scripture where he wrote about the burning bush" or "in the scripture about the burning bush" +# in the place concerning the bush -## when he calls the Lord ## +"in the part of scripture where he wrote about the burning bush" or "in the scripture about the burning bush" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"when Moses called the Lord" +# where he calls the Lord -## the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob ## +"where Moses called the Lord" -"The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob." They all worshiped the same God. +# the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob -## Now he is not the God of the dead ## +"the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob." They all worshiped the same God. -"The Lord is not the God of dead people" or "The Lord is not the God of people who have died and whose spirits are also dead" +# Now -## but of the living ## +This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Jesus explains how this story proves that people rise from the dead. -"but the God of living people" or "the God of people whose spirits are alive." If this is unclear, you may need to add the implied information: "even though their bodies may have died." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# he is not the God of the dead, but of the living -## because all live to him ## +These two sentences have similar meaning said twice for emphasis. Some languages have different ways of showing emphasis. AT: "the Lord is the God of living people only" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"because in God's sight they all are still alive." This can also be translated as "because God knows that their spirits are alive." \ No newline at end of file +# but of the living + +"but the God of living people." Since these people died physically, they must still be alive spiritually. AT: "but the God of people whose spirits are alive, even though their bodies may have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# because all live to him + +"because in God's sight they all are still alive" or "because their spirits are alive in God's presence" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/39.md b/luk/20/39.md index 59c30ef020..ce0e1b1cc5 100644 --- a/luk/20/39.md +++ b/luk/20/39.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Some of the scribes answered ## +# Some of the scribes answered -"Some of the scribes said to Jesus" +"Some of the scribes said to Jesus." There were scribes present when the Sadducees were questioning Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they did not dare ask him ## +# For they -"they were afraid to ask him" or "they did not risk asking him." The implied information about the purpose of the questions and their reason for not asking can be made explicit. "They did ask him any more tricky questions because they feared that his wise answers would make them appear foolish again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is unclear if this refers to the scribes, or the Sadducees, or both. It is best to keep the statement general. + +# they did not dare ask him any more questions + +"they were afraid to ask ... questions" or "they did not risk asking ... questions." They understood that they did not know as much as Jesus did, but they did not want to say that. This can be made explicit. AT: "they did ask him any more tricky questions because they feared that his wise answers would make them appear foolish again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/41.md b/luk/20/41.md index 5a32fe77c5..ce5596aac4 100644 --- a/luk/20/41.md +++ b/luk/20/41.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## How do they say ## +# General Information: -This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as "Why do they say" or "Let's think about them saying" or "I will talk about them saying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus asks the scribes a question. -## David's son ## +# How do they say ... son? -"King David's descendant." The word "son" is used here to refer to a descendant. In this case it refers to the one who would reign over God's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Why do they say ... son?" Jesus uses a question to make the scribes think about who the Messiah is. AT: "Let's think about them saying ... son." or "I will talk about them saying ... son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## The Lord said to my Lord ## +# they say -This can be translated as "The Lord God said to my Lord" or "God said to my Lord." This is a quotation from Psalm [Psalms 110:1](../../psa/110/001.md) which says "Yahweh said to my Lord." But the Jews stopped saying "Yahweh" and often said "Lord" instead. +The prophets, the religious rulers, and the Jewish people in general knew that the Messiah was the son of David. AT: "everyone says" or "people say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## my Lord ## +# David's son + +"King David's descendant." The word "son" is used here to refer to a descendant. In this case it refers to the one who would reign over God's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The Lord said to my Lord + +This is a quotation from the book of Psalms which says "Yahweh said to my Lord." But the Jews stopped saying "Yahweh" and often said "Lord" instead. AT: "The Lord God said to my Lord" or "God said to my Lord" + +# my Lord David was referring to the Christ as "my Lord." -## my right hand ## +# my right hand -The right side is the place of honor. God was honoring the Messiah by saying "Sit at my right hand." +The right side is the place of honor. God was honoring the Messiah by telling him to sit in the place of honor on the throne beside God. -## until I make your enemies your footstool ## +# until I make your enemies your footstool -This is a metaphor. It can be translated as "until I make your enemies like a footstool for you" or "until I conquer your enemies for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The Messiah's enemies are spoken of as if they were furniture on which he would rest his feet. This was an image of submission. AT: "until I make your enemies like a footstool for you" or "until I conquer your enemies for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## so how is he David's son? ## +# David therefore calls the Christ 'Lord' -"so how can the Christ be David's son?" This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as "This shows that the Christ is not merely David's descendant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +In the culture of that time, a father was more respected than a son. David's us of the title 'Lord' for the Christ implies that he was greater than David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# so how is he David's son? + +"so how can the Christ be David's son?" This can be a statement. AT: "this shows that the Christ is not merely David's descendant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/45.md b/luk/20/45.md index 368d93fe17..a3de11beaa 100644 --- a/luk/20/45.md +++ b/luk/20/45.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Beware of ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus now directs his attention to his disciples and speaks mainly to them. + +# Beware of "Be on guard against" -## who desire to walk in long robes ## +# who desire to walk in long robes -Long robes would show that they were important. This can be translated as "who like to walk around wearing their important robes." +Long robes would show that they were important. AT: "who like to walk around wearing their important robes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they also devour widows' houses ## +# They also devour widows' houses -"they also eat up widows' houses". This is a metaphor that means "they also take away from widows all their possessions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"They also eat up widows' houses." The scribes are spoken of as if they were hungry animals that eat up everything the widows have. AT: "They also take away from widows all their possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## houses ## +# widows' houses -The word "houses" here refers to all their possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This expression refers to all of the widows' possessions. AT: "all their possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## pretentiously make long prayers ## +# for a show they make long prayers "they pretend to be righteous and make long prayers" or "they make long prayers so that people will see them" -## pretentiously ## +# Men like this will receive greater condemnation -"so that others will think that they are something they are not" or "so that others will think that they are better than they are" - -## These will receive greater condemnation ## - -This can be translated as "They will receive greater condemnation than others" or "God will punish them more severely than others." \ No newline at end of file +"They will receive a more severe judgment." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will certainly punish them very severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/20/intro.md b/luk/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e2aee3c238 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Luke 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 20:17, 42-43, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trap ##### +This chapter contains two questions designed to catch someone admitting something they do not wish to say. Jesus asks a question of the Pharisees that traps them by forcing them to either admit they believe John the Baptist was a prophet or anger the Jews by denying this. The leaders tried to trap Jesus by asking him about paying taxes to the Roman government. Answering yes would anger the Jews and answering no would anger the Romans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd or that appears to contradict itself. In this chapter, Jesus quotes a psalm that records David as calling his son "lord," that is, "master." However, to the Jews, their ancestors were greater than their descendants. In this passage, Jesus is trying to lead his hearers to the true understanding that the Messiah will himself be divine, and that he himself is the Messiah. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/01.md b/luk/21/01.md index 4216e16f2f..35827a4aaa 100644 --- a/luk/21/01.md +++ b/luk/21/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## gifts ## +# Connecting Statement: + +This is the next event in the story. Possible setting: 1) this may have occurred on the same day that Jesus was questioned by the Sadducees ([Luke 20:27](../20/27.md)) or 2) this may be a different day. Jesus begins teaching his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# gifts "gifts of money" -## treasury ## +# treasury -"collection box" or "money box" or "temple offering box" (UDB). This was one of the boxes at the temple where people put money as a gift to God. +"collection box" or "money box." This was one of the boxes in the temple courtyard where people put money as a gift to God. -## two mites ## +# a certain poor widow -"two small coins" or "two tiny copper coins." These were the least valuable of the coins people used then. This can be translated as the least valuable coin in your local money system, such as "two pennies." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +This is a way of introducing a new character to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## I say to you ## +# two mites + +"two small coins" or "two tiny copper coins." These were the least valuable of the coins people used then. AT: "two pennies" or "two small coins of little value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +This means that what Jesus was about to say was very important. + +# I say to you Jesus was talking to his disciples. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## gave gifts out of their abundance ## +# this poor widow put in more than all of them -This can be translated as "have a lot of money and gave some of it." +God considers her gift, a small amount of money, more significant than the large amounts of money the men gave. AT: "the small gift of this widow was more valuable than larger gifts of the rich men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## out of her poverty, put in all ## +# gave gifts out of their abundance -This can be translated as "has very little, yet she put in all." +"have a lot of money but only gave a small portion of it" -## out of her poverty ## +# out of her poverty -"from what she needed" or "from the little she has" \ No newline at end of file +"who has very little money" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/05.md b/luk/21/05.md index b853e7410b..0bec1318dd 100644 --- a/luk/21/05.md +++ b/luk/21/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## offerings ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus switches from talking about the widow to teaching about the temple. + +# offerings "things people had given to God" -## the days will come ## +# these things that you see -"there will be a time" or "someday" +This refers to the beautiful temple and its decorations. -## not one stone will be left on another ## +# the days will come when -This can be translated positively: "Every stone will be removed from its place." This can be translated with an active clause: "Enemies will not leave any stone on top of another" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). +"there will be a time when" or "someday" -## which will not be torn down ## +# not one stone will be left on another -This can be translated positively as "They will all be torn down." It can be translated with an active clause: "Enemies will tear down every stone." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "enemies will not leave any stone on top of another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). + +# not one stone will be left ... not be torn down + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "every stone will be removed from its place and they will all be torn down" + +# which will not be torn down + +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "They will all be torn down" or "Enemies will tear down every stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/07.md b/luk/21/07.md index d4f9147ace..655e739c08 100644 --- a/luk/21/07.md +++ b/luk/21/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## they asked him ## +# they asked him "the disciples asked Jesus" or "Jesus' disciples asked him" -## these things ## +# these things -the things Jesus had just spoken about. Jesus had just spoken about the temple being destroyed. +This refers to what Jesus just said about enemies destroying the temple. -## that you are not deceived ## +# that you are not deceived -"that you do not believe lies." Jesus was talking to his disciples. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Jesus was talking to his disciples. The word "you" is plural. AT: "that you do not believe lies" or "that no one deceives you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in my name ## +# in my name -AT: "claiming to be me" or "claiming to have my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +People coming in his name claim to represent him. AT: "claiming to be me" or "claiming to have my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the end will not happen immediately ## +# I am he -"the end of the world will not happen immediately after the wars and riots". The noun "the end" can also be translated as a verb: "the world will not end immediately after those things happen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-partsofspeech]]) +"I am the Christ" or "I am the Messiah" -## the end ## +# wars and riots -"the end of the world" or "the end of everything" \ No newline at end of file +Here "wars" probably refers to fighting between countries, and "riots" probably refers to people fighting against their own leaders or against others in their country. AT: "wars and rebellions" or "wars and revolutions" + +# Do not go after them + +"Do not believe them" or "Do not become their disciples" + +# do not be terrified + +"do not let these things terrify you" or "do not be afraid" + +# the end will not happen immediately + +This refers to the final judgment. AT: "the end of the world will not happen immediately after the wars and riots" or "the world will not end immediately after those things happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the end + +"the end of everything" or "the end of the age" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/10.md b/luk/21/10.md index 3ae7adef24..473113b3df 100644 --- a/luk/21/10.md +++ b/luk/21/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Then he said to them ## +# Then he said to them -"Then Jesus said to his disciples." Since this is just a continuation of Jesus speaking from the previous verse, some languages may prefer not to say "Then he said to them." +"Then Jesus said to his disciples." Since this is a continuation of Jesus speaking from the previous verse, some languages may prefer not to say "Then he said to them." -## Nation will rise against nation ## +# Nation will rise against nation -This can be translated as "One nation will attack another nation." +Here "nation" is a metonym for the people of the nation, and "rise against" is a metonym for attack. The word "nation" represents nations in general, not one particular nation. AT: "The people of one nation will attack the people of other nations" or "The people of some nations will attack the people of other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## Nation ## +# Nation This refers to ethnic groups of people rather than to countries. -## kingdom against kingdom ## +# kingdom against kingdom -"kingdom will rise against kingdom" or "one kingdom will attack another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The words "will rise" are understood from the previous phrase and mean attack. AT: "kingdom will rise against kingdom" or "the people of some kingdoms will attack the people of other kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## famines and plagues ## +# in various places famines and plagues -"there will be famines and plagues" or "times of hunger and diseases that kill many people" +The words "there will be" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "there will be famines and plagues in many places" or "there will be times of hunger and diseases in different places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## terrifying events ## +# terrifying events "events that terrify people" or "events that cause people to be very afraid" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/12.md b/luk/21/12.md index bc4db916d0..e23ce830ba 100644 --- a/luk/21/12.md +++ b/luk/21/12.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to his disciples about the future. +# these things -## these things ## +This refers to the terrible things that Jesus had said would happen. -This refers to the terrible things that Jesus had said would happen in verses [Luke 21:7](./07.md). +# they will lay their hands on you -## they will lay their hands on you ## +"they will grab you." This expression refers to people exercising authority over the disciples. AT: "they will arrest you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"they will arrest you" or "they will grab you." Some languages will need to say who will do these things: "people will lay their hands on you" or "enemies will lay their hands on you." +# they will -## you ## +"people will" or "enemies will" + +# you Jesus was talking to his disciples. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## delivering you over to the synagogues ## +# delivering you over to the synagogues "handing you over to the leaders of the synagogues." The leaders of the synagogues could forbid all the other Jews from interacting with the disciples because they follow Jesus. -## and prisons ## +# and prisons -"and delivering you over to the prisons" or "and putting you in prisons." +"and delivering you over to the prisons" or "and putting you in prisons" -## for your testimony ## +# because of my name + +The word "name" is here used to refer to Jesus himself. AT: "because of me" or "because you follow me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for your testimony "for you to tell them your testimony about me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/14.md b/luk/21/14.md index 5759cfdff6..c8bc6cc713 100644 --- a/luk/21/14.md +++ b/luk/21/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to his disciples about the future. +# Therefore -## resolve in your heart ## +"Because of this." Jesus uses this word here to refer back to everything he has said, beginning in [Luke 21:10](./10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -"make up your mind" or "decide firmly" +# resolve in your hearts -## not to prepare your defense ## +The "heart" refers to the decisions of the whole person. AT: "make up your mind" or "decide firmly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not to prepare your defense "not to figure out what you will say in order to defend yourself against their accusations" -## words and wisdom ## - -"words of wisdom" or "wise words." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) - -## I will give you words and wisdom ## +# I will give you words and wisdom "I will tell you what wise things to say" -## which all your adversaries will not be able to resist or contradict ## +# words and wisdom -This means "Your adversaries will not be able to argue against these words or say that these words are wrong." \ No newline at end of file +These can be combined into one phrase. AT: "words of wisdom" or "wise words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# which all your adversaries + +This can be the start of a new sentence. AT: "All your adversaries" + +# which all your adversaries will not be able to resist or contradict + +It may be helpful to change the way the negative is used. AT: "none of your adversaries will be able to argue against you or say that you are wrong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/16.md b/luk/21/16.md index cf8c28e44d..c6bce136d3 100644 --- a/luk/21/16.md +++ b/luk/21/16.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to his disciples about the future. +# you will be delivered up also by parents, brothers, relatives and friends -## you will be delivered up ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "even your parents, brothers, relatives, and friends will hand you over to the authorities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"You will be handed over to the authorities" or "You will be betrayed" +# they will put some of you to death -## they will put some of you to death ## +"they will kill some of you." Possible meanings are 1) "the authorities will kill some of you" or 2) "those who deliver you up will kill some of you." The first meaning is more likely. -"they will kill some of you." Possible meanings are 1) "the authorities will kill some of you" or 2) "Those who deliver you up will kill some of you." The first meaning is more likely. +# You will be hated by everyone -## because of my name ## +This can be translated in active form. The word "everyone" emphasizes how many people will hate the disciples, either through 1) exaggeration AT: "It will seem like you are hated by everyone" or "It will seem like everyone hates you" or 2) a generalization. AT: "You will be hated by most people" or "Most people will hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -"because of me" or "because you follow me" +# because of my name -## But not a hair of your head will perish ## +"my name" here refers to Jesus. AT: "because of me" or "because you follow me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This can be translated positively as "Even every hair on your head will be safe." This is a figure of speech that means "You will not be harmed at all." It refers to one of the smallest parts of a person to emphasize that the whole person will not perish. Jesus had already said that some of them would be put to death. So some understand this to mean that they would not be harmed spiritually, as in "But these things cannot really harm you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# But not a hair of your head will perish -## By your endurance ## +This refers to one of the smallest parts of a person to emphasize that the whole person will not perish. Jesus had already said that some of them would be put to death. So some understand this to mean that they would not be harmed spiritually. AT: "But these things cannot really harm you" or "Even every hair on your head will be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -"By holding firm." It can be translated as "If you do not quit." +# In your endurance -## you will gain your souls ## +"By holding firm." This can be stated in the opposite way. AT: "If you do not quit" -"you will receive life" or "you will live forever" \ No newline at end of file +# you will gain your souls + +The "soul" was understood to represent the eternal part of a person. AT: "you will receive life" or "you will save yourselves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/20.md b/luk/21/20.md index 1928b1a4d6..6592d09130 100644 --- a/luk/21/20.md +++ b/luk/21/20.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to his disciples about the future. +# Jerusalem surrounded by armies -## Jerusalem surrounded by armies ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "armies surrounding Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This can be expressed with an active verb: "armies surrounding Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## that its destruction is near ## +# that its destruction is near "that it will soon be destroyed" or "that they will soon destroy it" -## flee ## +# flee "run away from danger" -## these are days of vengeance ## +# in the country -"these are days of punishment" or "in these days people will be punished" or "this is the time when God will punish the city" (UDB) +This refers to the rural areas outside Jerusalem, and not to the nation. AT: "outside the city" -## the things that are written ## +# enter it -"the things that are written in the scriptures" \ No newline at end of file +"enter Jerusalem" + +# these are days of vengeance + +"these are days of punishment" or "this will be the time when God will punish this city" + +# all the things that are written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the things that the prophets wrote in the scriptures long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/23.md b/luk/21/23.md index 0984cbf271..fb43c6f990 100644 --- a/luk/21/23.md +++ b/luk/21/23.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to his disciples about the future. +# to them who are nursing -## there will be great distress upon the land ## +"to mothers who are nursing their babies" -Possible meanings are 1) the people of the land will be distressed and 2) there will be physical disasters in the land. +# there will be great distress upon the land -## wrath to this people ## +Possible meanings are 1) the people of the land will be distressed or 2) there will be physical disasters in the land. -"there will be wrath to this people." This can be translated as "this people will experience God's anger" or "God will be very angry with this people." The implied information about punishment can be made clear: "this people will be punished" or "God will punish this people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# wrath to this people -## they will fall by the edge of the sword ## +"there will be wrath to the people at that time." God will bring this wrath. AT: "this people will experience God's anger" or "God will be very angry and will punish this people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"they will be killed by the edge of the sword." This refers to being killed by enemy soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# They will fall by the edge of the sword -## they will be led captive into all the nations ## +"They will be killed by the edge of the sword." Here "fall by the edge of the sword" represents being killed by enemy soldiers. AT: "Enemy soldiers will kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This can be translated with an active clause: "Their enemies will capture them and take them to other countries." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# they will be led captive into all the nations -## Jerusalem will be trampled by the Gentiles ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "their enemies will capture them and take them to other countries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Possible meanings are 1) the Gentiles will conquer Jerusalem and occupy it or 2) the Gentiles will destroy the city of Jerusalem or 3) the Gentiles will destroy the people of Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +# into all the nations + +The word "all" is an exaggeration to emphasize that they will be led into many countries. AT: "into many other countries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Jerusalem will be trampled by the Gentiles + +Possible meanings are 1) the Gentiles will conquer Jerusalem and occupy it or 2) the Gentiles will destroy the city of Jerusalem or 3) the Gentiles will destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# trampled by the Gentiles + +This metaphor speaks of Jerusalem as if the people of other nations was walking on it and crushing it down with their feet. This refers to domination. AT: "conquered by the Gentiles" or "destroyed by the other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the period of the Gentiles has come to an end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/25.md b/luk/21/25.md index 271144c799..605b6b7e59 100644 --- a/luk/21/25.md +++ b/luk/21/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to his disciples about the future. +# The nations will be in distress -## there will be distress of the nations ## +Here "the nations" refers to the people in them. AT: "The people of the nations will be distressed" -This can be translated as "the people of the nations will be distressed" or "the people of the nations will be very anxious." +# anxious because of the roar of the sea and waves -## in despair from the roar of the sea and waves ## +"because they will be anxious about the roar of the sea and its waves" or "and the loud noise of the sea and its rough movements will frighten them." This seems to refer to unusual storms or disasters involving the seas. -"because they will be confused by the roar of the sea and its waves" or "and they will be frightened by the very loud noise of the sea and its rough movement." This seems to refer to unusual storms or disasters involving the seas. - -## the things which are coming upon the world ## +# the things which are coming upon the world "the things that will happen in the world" or "the things that will happen to the world" -## the powers of heaven will be shaken ## +# the powers of the heavens will be shaken -"the powerful things in the heavens will be shaken." Possible meanings are 1) The things in the sky like the sun, moon, and stars will not move in their normal way or 2) the powerful spirits in the heavens will be distressed. The first is recommended. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) the things in the sky like the sun, moon, and stars will not move in their normal way. AT: "God will shake the powerful things in the heavens" or 2) the powerful spirits in the heavens will be distressed. The first is recommended. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/27.md b/luk/21/27.md index 587e2273ad..98993aeeb9 100644 --- a/luk/21/27.md +++ b/luk/21/27.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to his disciples about the future. +# Son of Man -## Son of Man ## +Jesus is refers to himself. AT: "me, the Son Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -Jesus is referring to himself. +# coming in a cloud -## coming in a cloud ## +"coming down in a cloud" -This can be translated as "coming down in a cloud." +# with power and great glory -## with power and great glory ## +Here "power" probably refers to his authority to judge the world. Here "glory" may refer to a bright light. God sometimes shows his greatness with a very bright light. AT: "powerfully and gloriously" or "and he will be powerful and very glorious" -This can be translated as "powerfully and gloriously" or "and he will be powerful and very glorious." "Power" here probably refers to his authority to judge the world. "Glory" here may refer to a bright light. God sometimes shows his greatness with a very bright light. +# stand up -## stand up ## +Sometimes when people are afraid, they crouch down in order to avoid being seen or hurt. When they are no longer afraid, they get up. AT: "stand up with confidence" -This can be translated as "stand up with confidence." Sometimes when people are afraid, they crouch down in order to avoid being seen or hurt. When they are no longer afraid, they get up. +# lift up your heads -## lift up your heads ## +By lifting their heads to look up, they would be able to see their rescuer coming to them. AT: "look up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -This is an idiom meaning "look up." By looking up, they would be able to see their rescuer coming to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# because your deliverance is coming near -## because your deliverance draws near ## - -This can be translated as "because your deliverer is coming to you" or "because you will soon be delivered." \ No newline at end of file +God, who delivers, is spoken of as if he were the deliverance that he causes. AT: "because your deliverer is coming to you" or "because God will soon save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/29.md b/luk/21/29.md index a3febb70f1..9a7ad51fac 100644 --- a/luk/21/29.md +++ b/luk/21/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## when they sprout buds ## +# Connecting Statement: -"when new leaves start to grow" +As Jesus continues teaching his disciples, he tells them a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## you see for yourselves and know ## +# When they sprout buds -This can also be translated as "people see for themselves and know." +"When new leaves start to grow" -## the summer is near ## +# summer is already near -"the summer is about to start." Summer in Israel is very dry, so crops are harvested at the beginning of summer. The meaning is "harvest time is ready to start." This is implied information that they would see and know. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"summer is about to start." Summer in Israel follows the sprouting of fig tree leaves and is the time when the figs ripen. AT: "harvest time is ready to start" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the kingdom of God is near ## +# So also, when you see these things happening -"the kingdom of God will soon be established" or "God will reign over his kingdom" \ No newline at end of file +The appearance of the signs that Jesus just described signal the arrival of the kingdom of God just as appearance of the leaves of the fig tree signal the arrival of summer. + +# the kingdom of God is near + +"God will soon establish his kingdom." AT: "God will soon rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/32.md b/luk/21/32.md index cdd377534f..53d2be8e69 100644 --- a/luk/21/32.md +++ b/luk/21/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## this generation ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus continues teaching his disciples. + +# Truly, I say to you + +This expression emphasizes the importance of what Jesus is about to say. + +# this generation Possible meanings are 1) the generation that will see the first of the signs Jesus spoke of or 2) the generation Jesus was speaking to. The first is more likely. -## Heaven and earth will pass away ## +# will not pass away until + +This could be stated in positive form. AT: "will still be alive when" + +# Heaven and earth will pass away "Heaven and earth will cease to exist." The word "heaven" here refers to the sky and the universe beyond it. -## my words will never pass away ## +# my words will never pass away -"my words will never cease to exist" or "my words will never fail." This can also be translated as "my words will certainly be fulfilled" or "what I say will surely happen." \ No newline at end of file +"my words will never cease to exist" or "my words will never fail." Jesus uses "words" here to refer to everything he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will never pass away + +This could be stated in positive form. AT: "will remain forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/34.md b/luk/21/34.md index dade8eb541..f8f8122728 100644 --- a/luk/21/34.md +++ b/luk/21/34.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## so that your hearts are not burdened ## +# so that your hearts are not burdened -"so that you are not occupied with" +The "heart" here refers to the mind and thoughts of the person. AT: "so that you are not occupied with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## debauchery ## +# are not burdened -"unrestrained self-indulgence" or "indulging too much in things that make you feel good." This can also be translated with specific examples such as "too much feasting." +Jesus here speaks of the following sins as if they were a physical weight that a person had to carry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the worries of life ## +# the effects of drinking + +"drinking too much wine that would make one drunk" + +# the worries of life "worrying too much about this life" -## For that day will come on you suddenly ## +# then that day will close on you suddenly like a trap -Some may need to add the implicit information: "For if you are not careful, that day will come on you suddenly." The coming of the day will appear to be sudden and unexpected to those who are not ready and watching for it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Just as a trap closes on an animal when the animal does not expect it, that day will happen when people do not expect it. AT: "that day will happen when you are not expecting it, as when a trap closes suddenly on an animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## that day ## +# then that day will close on you suddenly -This can be translated more specifically as "the day when the Son of Man will come." +The coming of that day will appear to be sudden and unexpected to those who are not ready and watching for it. AT: "For if you are not careful, that day will close on you suddenly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## suddenly as a trap ## +# that day -This is a simile that means "when you are not expecting it, as a trap closes suddenly on an animal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This refers to the day when the Messiah returns. AT: "the day when the Son of Man comes" -## it will come upon everyone ## +# it will come upon everyone -"It will affect everyone" or "the events of that day will affect everyone" +"it will affect everyone" or "the events of that day will affect everyone" -## on the face of the whole earth ## +# on the face of the whole earth -"on the surface of the whole earth" or "on the entire earth" \ No newline at end of file +The surface of the earth is spoken of as if it was the face of a person. That is, the outward part. AT: "on the surface of the whole earth" or "on the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/36.md b/luk/21/36.md index a3f284c8b9..2a7c08a9e0 100644 --- a/luk/21/36.md +++ b/luk/21/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## strong enough to escape all these things ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus finishes teaching his disciples. + +# be alert + +"be ready for my coming" + +# strong enough to escape all these things Possible meanings are 1) "strong enough to endure these things" or 2) "able to avoid these things." -## these things that will take place ## +# these things that will take place "these things that will happen." Jesus had just told them about terrible things that would happen such as persecution, war, and captivity. -## to stand before the Son of Man ## +# to stand before the Son of Man "to stand with confidence before the Son of Man." This probably refers to when the Son of Man judges everyone. A person who is not ready will be afraid of the Son of Man and will not stand with confidence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/37.md b/luk/21/37.md index 5bfd539258..ba18d6bc6f 100644 --- a/luk/21/37.md +++ b/luk/21/37.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## during the days he was teaching ## +# Connecting Statement: -"during the days he would teach." The following verses tell about things that Jesus and the people did each day during the week before he died. +This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Luke 20:1](./01.md). These verses tell on-going action that continues after the main part of the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## in the temple ## +# during the days he was teaching -This means "at the temple" or "in the temple courtyard." +"during the daytime he would teach" or "he would teach each day." The following verses tell about things that Jesus and the people did each day during the week before he died. -## at night he went out ## +# in the temple + +Only priests were allowed in the temple. AT: "at the temple" or "in the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# at night he went out "at night he would go out of the city" or "he went out each night" -## All of the people ## +# All of the people -This is hyperbole that means "a very large number of people" or "almost everyone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +The word "all" is probably an exaggeration to emphasize that the crowd was very large. AT: "A very large number of people in the city" or "Almost everyone in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## came early in the morning ## +# came early in the morning -"would come early in the morning" or "came early each morning" +"would come early each morning" -## to hear him ## +# to hear him "to hear him teach" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/21/intro.md b/luk/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..adcaef3c15 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# Luke 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Luke 21:5-36 is an extended teaching about the return of Christ. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "For many will come in my name, saying, 'I am he,'" ##### +Jesus teaches that before he returns, many people will falsely claim to be him returning. It will also be a time of great persecution. + +##### "Until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled" ##### +The Jews referred to the time between the Babylonian exile and the coming of the Messiah as a period of Gentile domination. This is because the Jews were not sovereign over their own affairs. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +The prophesy in this chapter contains metaphorical language. It is best to translate these events as literal unless it is necessary to translate otherwise according to the context. For example, the phrases "torn down," "will rise against" and "not a hair on your head will perish" are metaphors. Signs in the sky, earthquakes and wars should be translated without symbolism given to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Son of Man ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Every language may not have the ability to have a person refer to himself in the third person. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/01.md b/luk/22/01.md index 3d9a6f733f..5e31268d91 100644 --- a/luk/22/01.md +++ b/luk/22/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Festival of Unleavened Bread ## +# General Information: -The festival was called by this name because during the festival, the Jews did not eat bread that was made with yeast. This can be translated as "the festival when they would eat unleavened bread." +This is the next part of the story. Judas agrees to betray Jesus. These verses give background information about this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Unleavened Bread ## +# Now -This is bread that has no yeast in it to make it rise. It can be called "Bread without Yeast." +This word is used here to introduce a new part of the story. -## drew near ## +# Festival of Unleavened Bread + +The festival was called by this name because during the festival, the Jews did not eat bread that was made with yeast. AT: "festival when they would eat unleavened bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# was approaching "was almost ready to begin" -## how they could put Jesus to death ## +# how they could put Jesus to death -"how they might cause Jesus to be put to death." The priests and scribes did not have the authority to kill Jesus themselves, but they hoped to get others to kill him. +The priests and scribes did not have the authority to kill Jesus themselves, but they hoped to get others to kill him. AT: "how they might cause Jesus to be put to death" or "how they could cause someone to kill Jesus" -## afraid of the people ## +# afraid of the people Possible meanings are 1) "scared of what the people might do" or 2) "scared that the people would make Jesus king." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/03.md b/luk/22/03.md index 243416127b..b6958f662b 100644 --- a/luk/22/03.md +++ b/luk/22/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Satan entered into Judas Iscariot ## +# General Information: -This was probably very similar to demon possession. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/demonpossessed]]) +This is the beginning of the action in this part of the story. -## chief priests ## +# Satan entered into Judas Iscariot + +This was probably very similar to demon possession. + +# chief priests "the leaders of the priests" -## captains ## +# captains -"leaders of the temple guards" +"officers of the temple guards" -## about how he could deliver Jesus to them ## +# how he would betray Jesus to them -This can be translated as "about how he could help them arrest Jesus." \ No newline at end of file +"how he would help them arrest Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/05.md b/luk/22/05.md index 0d7b0d9945..4e53d9dfc3 100644 --- a/luk/22/05.md +++ b/luk/22/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## They ## +# They "The chief priests and captains" -## to give him money ## +# to give him money -The word "him" refers to Judas. +"to give Judas money" -## consented ## +# consented -"agreed" even though it is repetitious +"agreed" -## to deliver him ## +# looked for an opportunity to deliver him to them away from the crowd + +This is an on-going action that continues after this part of the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) + +# to deliver him "to help them arrest Jesus" -## away from the crowd ## +# away from the crowd -"privately" or "when there was no crowd around him" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"privately" or "when there was no crowd around him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/07.md b/luk/22/07.md index 49051f7603..a13a0b42c5 100644 --- a/luk/22/07.md +++ b/luk/22/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## The Day of Unleavened Bread ## +# General Information: -"The Day of Bread without Yeast" or "The Day of Flatbread." This was the day the Jews would take all bread made with yeast out of their homes. Then they would celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread for seven days. +This is the next part of the story. Jesus sends Peter and John to prepare for the Passover meal. Verse 7 gives background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## the Passover lamb must be sacrificed ## +# The day of unleavened bread -"people had to kill the lamb for the Passover meal." Each family or group of people would kill a lamb and eat it together, so many lambs were killed. +"The day of bread without yeast." This was the day the Jews would take all bread made with yeast out of their homes. Then they would celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread for seven days. -## so that we may eat it ## +# the Passover lamb must be sacrificed -Jesus was including Peter and John when he said "we." Peter and John would be part of the group that would eat the meal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Each family or group of people would kill a lamb and eat it together, so many lambs were killed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people had to kill the lamb for the Passover meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## prepare ## +# prepare This is a general word meaning "make ready." Jesus was not necessarily telling Peter and John to do all the cooking. -## you want us to make preparations ## +# so that we may eat it + +Jesus was including Peter and John when he said "we." Peter and John would be part of the group of the disciples that would eat the meal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# you want us to make preparations The word "us" does not include Jesus. Jesus would not be part of the group that would prepare the meal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## make preparations ## +# make preparations "make preparations for the meal" or "prepare the meal" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/10.md b/luk/22/10.md index a618456f33..b1598a13fc 100644 --- a/luk/22/10.md +++ b/luk/22/10.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## He answered ## +# He answered them -The word "He" refers to Jesus. +"Jesus answered Peter and John" -## a man bearing a pitcher of water will meet you ## +# Listen -This can also be translated as "you will see a man carrying a pitcher of water." +Jesus used this word to tell them to pay close attention and to do exactly what he tells them. -## bearing a pitcher of water ## +# a man bearing a pitcher of water will meet you + +"you will see a man carrying a pitcher of water" + +# bearing a pitcher of water "carrying a jar with water in it." He probably would have carried the jar on his shoulder. -## Follow him into the house ## +# Follow him into the house -This can be translated as "Follow him, and go into the house." +"Follow him, and go into the house" -## The Teacher says to you ## +# The Teacher says to you -This begins a direct quotation where Jesus tells the disciples what they should say. The UDB renders this as an indirect quotation: "Our teacher says to show us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +This begins a direct quotation where Jesus tells the disciples what they should say. The UDB renders this as an indirect quotation: "Our teacher says to show us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## The Teacher ## +# The Teacher This refers to Jesus. -## eat the Passover ## +# eat the Passover "eat the Passover meal" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/12.md b/luk/22/12.md index 8ee04c7667..fceaab33e4 100644 --- a/luk/22/12.md +++ b/luk/22/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus continues giving instructions to Peter and John. -## He will show you ## +# He will show you "The owner of the house will show you" -## upper room ## +# upper room "room upstairs." If your community does not have houses with rooms above other rooms, you may need to consider how to describe buildings in the city. -## So they went ## +# So they went "So Peter and John went" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/14.md b/luk/22/14.md index be71aa28e1..dd3b35b8ca 100644 --- a/luk/22/14.md +++ b/luk/22/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## I have greatly desired ## +# Connecting Statement: -"I have wanted very much" (UDB) +this is the next event in the part of the story about the Passover. Jesus and his disciples are sitting to eat the Passover meal. -## For I say to you ## +# When the time came -This phrase is used to emphasize the importance of what Jesus will say next. +"When it was time to eat the meal" -## until it is fulfilled ## +# he sat down -Possible meanings are 1) "until the purpose of the Passover Festival is accomplished" or 2) "until we eat celebrate the final Passover Festival." This can be translated with an active verb: "until God fulfills it" or "until God completes the purpose of the Passover Festival." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Jesus sat down" + +# I have greatly desired + +"I have wanted very much" + +# before I suffer + +Jesus is referring ahead to his death. The word for "suffer" here refers to an unusually difficult or painful experience. + +# For I say to you + +Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the importance of what he will say next. + +# until it is fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) until the purpose of the Passover Festival is accomplished. AT: "until God fulfills it" or "until God completes the purpose of the Passover Festival" or 2) "until we celebrate the final Passover Festival" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/17.md b/luk/22/17.md index d2df18f769..c7897f0289 100644 --- a/luk/22/17.md +++ b/luk/22/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## when he had given thanks ## +# took a cup + +"picked up a cup of wine" + +# when he had given thanks "when he had given thanks to God" -## he said ## +# he said "he said to his apostles" -## share it among yourselves ## +# share it among yourselves -This can be translated as "share the wine it it among yourselves" or "all of you drink some of the wine from it." +They were to share the contents of the cup, and not the cup itself. AT: "share the wine in the cup among yourselves" or "each of you drink some of the wine from the cup" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## For I say to you ## +# For I say to you This phrase is used to emphasize the importance of what Jesus will say next. -## fruit of the vine ## +# fruit of the vine This refers to the juice that is squeezed from the grapes that grow on grapevines. Wine is made from fermented grape juice. -## until the kingdom of God comes ## +# until the kingdom of God comes -This can be translated as "until the kingdom of God is established" or "until God establishes his kingdom" or "until God rules in his kingdom." \ No newline at end of file +"until God establishes his kingdom" or "until God rules in his kingdom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/19.md b/luk/22/19.md index b9cfea6025..9ce5c4ede9 100644 --- a/luk/22/19.md +++ b/luk/22/19.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## bread ## +# bread This bread did not have yeast in it, so it was flat. -## he broke it ## +# he broke it -"he ripped it" or "he tore it." He may have divided it into many pieces or he may have divided it into two pieces and given them to the apostles to divide among themselves. If possible, use an expression that could be used for either situation. +"he ripped it" or "he tore it." He may have divided it into many pieces or he may have divided it into two pieces and given them to the apostles to divide among themselves. If possible, use an expression that would apply to either situation. -## this is my body ## +# This is my body Possible meanings are 1) "This bread is my body" and 2) "This bread represents my body." -## my body which is given for you ## +# my body which is given for you -"my body, which I will give for you" or "my body, which I will sacrifice for you." For languages that must state the recipient, it could be translated as "my body, that I give to the authorities to kill for your sake." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my body, which I will give for you" or "my body, which I will sacrifice for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Do this ## +# Do this "Eat this bread" -## in remembrance of me ## +# in remembrance of me "in order to remember me" -## This cup ## +# This cup -The word "cup" refers to the wine in the cup. It can be translated as "The wine in this cup" or "This wine." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "cup" refers to the wine in the cup. AT: "The wine in this cup" or "This cup of wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## is the new covenant in my blood ## +# the new covenant in my blood -"is the new covenant, which will be put in effect by my blood" or "is the new covenant, which will be made legal by my blood" or "represents the new covenant, which God will establish when my blood is shed" +This new covenant will take effect as soon his blood is shed. AT: "the new covenant the will be ratified through my blood" -## my blood, which is poured out for you ## +# my blood, which is poured out for you -"my blood, which is poured out in death for you" or "my blood, which will flow out of my wounds for you when I die." Jesus spoke of his death by referring to his body being broken and his blood being shed. This is metonymy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus spoke of his death by referring to his blood being poured out. AT: "my blood, which is poured out in death for you" or "my blood, which will flow out of my wounds for you when I die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/21.md b/luk/22/21.md index 93d3347182..a4d21df96b 100644 --- a/luk/22/21.md +++ b/luk/22/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus continues speaking to his apostles. -## The one who betrays me ## +# The one who betrays me "The one who will betray me" -## For the Son of Man indeed goes ## +# For the Son of Man indeed goes "For, indeed, the Son of Man will go" or "For the Son of Man will die" -## But woe to that man through whom he is betrayed! ## +# the Son of Man -"But woe to the man who betrays the Son of Man!" or "But how terrible it will be for that man who betrays the Son of Man!" \ No newline at end of file +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "I, the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# as it has been determined + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as God has determined" or "as God has planned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But woe to that man through whom he is betrayed! + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But woe to the man who betrays the Son of Man!" or "But how terrible it will be for that man who betrays the Son of Man!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/24.md b/luk/22/24.md index 7f728d0a96..8fce394030 100644 --- a/luk/22/24.md +++ b/luk/22/24.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Then there arose also a quarrel among them ## +# Then there arose also a quarrel among them -"the apostles began to argue among themselves" (UDB) +"Then the apostles began to argue among themselves" -## greatest ## +# was considered to be greatest -"most important" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "was the most important" or "the people would think was most important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## He said to them ## +# He said to them "Jesus said to the apostles" -## have lordship over them ## +# are masters over them -"rule harshly over them" or "like to exercise power over them" +"rule forcefully over the Gentiles" -## are called ## +# are referred to as -This can be translated as "like to be called" or "call themselves." The people probably did not think of those rulers as honored rulers. - -## honored rulers ## - -This can also be translated as "benefactors" or "leaders who help the people." \ No newline at end of file +The people probably did not think of those rulers as people who do good to their people. AT: "like to be called" or "call themselves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/26.md b/luk/22/26.md index 15dd83047d..719d46cb57 100644 --- a/luk/22/26.md +++ b/luk/22/26.md @@ -1,37 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. +# Connecting Statement: -## it must not be like this with you ## +Jesus continues teaching his apostles. + +# it must not be like this with you "you should not act like that" -## the youngest ## +# the youngest -"the least important." As leaders were most often older people and called "elders," "the youngest" would be the least likely to lead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Older people were respected in that culture. The leaders were usually older people and were called "elders." The youngest person would be the least likely to lead, and the least important. AT: "the least important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For ## - -This connects Jesus' commands in verse 26 with the whole of verse 27. The idea is "Let the most important serve because I am servant." Jesus, the most important among them, serves them, so the one who is most important among them must serve. - -## the one who serves ## +# the one who serves "a servant" -## which is greater ## +# For -"which one is greater" or "who is more important." Jesus asked this rhetorical question to introduce his answer to the apostles' question about greatness in verse 24. This rhetorical question can be translated as "I want you to think about who is greater." ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This connects Jesus' commands in verse 26 with the whole of verse 27. It means that the most important person should serve because Jesus is a servant. -## the one who sits at the table ## +# For who is greater ... serves? -This can also be translated as "the one who is dining" +"For who is more important ... serves?" Jesus uses this question to begin to explain to the apostles who is truly great. AT: "I want you to think about who is greater ... serves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the one who serves ## +# the one who sits at the table -"the one who serves the food" or "the one who serves the one who sits." This refers to a servant. +"the one who is dining" -## Is it not the one who sits at the table? ## +# Is it not the one who sits at the table? -This is also a rhetorical question. The implied answer is "Of course the one who sits at the table is more important than the servant!" ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus uses another question to teach the disciples. AT: "Of course the one who sits at the table is more important than the servant!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Yet I am among you as one who serves ## +# Yet I am among you as one who serves -The word "yet" is here because there is a contrast between what people would expect Jesus to be like and what he really was like. This can also be translated as "Yet I am serving you." \ No newline at end of file +"But I am serving you." The word "yet" is here because there is a contrast between what people would expect Jesus to be like and what he really was like. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/28.md b/luk/22/28.md index a0c642fce2..be976d1dac 100644 --- a/luk/22/28.md +++ b/luk/22/28.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. - -## have continued with me in my temptations ## +# have continued with me in my temptations "have stayed with me through my struggles" -## I give to you a kingdom even as my Father has given a kingdom to me ## +# I give to you a kingdom, even as my Father has given a kingdom to me -Some languages may need to change the order. "Just as my father has given a kingdom to me, I give it to you." +Some languages may need to change the order. AT: "Just as my father has given a kingdom to me, I give it to you" -## I give to you a kingdom ## +# I give to you a kingdom -"I make you rulers in God's kingdom" (UDB) or "I give you authority to rule in the kingdom" or "I will make you kings" +"I make you rulers in God's kingdom" or "I give you authority to rule in the kingdom" or "I will make you kings" -## even as my Father has given a kingdom to me ## +# even as my Father has given a kingdom to me -"just as my Father gave me authority to rule as king in his kingdom" +"just as my Father has given me authority to rule as king in his kingdom" -## you will sit on thrones ## +# you will sit on thrones -"Sit on thrones" is a metonym for "do the work of kings." This means "you will work as kings" or "you will do the work of kings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## thrones ## - -This can be translated as "kings' chairs" or "chairs made for kings." \ No newline at end of file +Kings sit on thrones. Sitting on a throne is a symbol of ruling. AT: "you will work as kings" or "you will do the work of kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/31.md b/luk/22/31.md index 8f4696b85c..71fe971f6e 100644 --- a/luk/22/31.md +++ b/luk/22/31.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Jesus speaks directly to Simon. -## Simon, Simon ## +# Simon, Simon Jesus said his name twice to show that what he was about to say to him was very important. -## to have you that he might sift you ## +# to have you, that he might sift you The word "you" refers to all of the apostles. Languages that have different forms of "you" should use the plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## sift you as wheat ## +# sift you as wheat -This is a metaphor that means "test you to find something wrong." The meaning can be made clear as in the UDB: "test you." And it can be translated as a simile: "like someone shakes grain in a sieve" as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This means that Satan wanted to test the disciples to find something wrong. AT: "test you like someone passes grain through a sieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## But I have prayed for you ## +# But I have prayed for you The word "you" here refers specifically to Simon. Languages that have different forms of you should use the singular form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## that your faith will not fail ## +# that your faith may not fail -This can be expressed positively as "that you will continue to have faith" or "that you will continue to trust me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "that you will continue to have faith" or "that you will continue to trust me" -## After you have turned back again ## +# After you have turned back again "After you start following me again" or "After you start serving me again" -## your brothers ## +# strengthen your brothers -This refers to the other disciples. This can be translated as "your fellow believers" or "your brothers in the faith" or "the other disciples." \ No newline at end of file +"encourage your brothers to be strong in their faith" or "help your brothers believe in me" + +# your brothers + +This refers to the other disciples. AT: "your fellow believers" or "the other disciples" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/33.md b/luk/22/33.md index dfb55b0ec6..5a4913e511 100644 --- a/luk/22/33.md +++ b/luk/22/33.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Simon Peter reacts to Jesus' statement that Satan will test Peter. +# the rooster will not crow this day, before you deny three times that you know me -## the rooster will not crow ## +The order of the parts of the verse can be reversed. AT: "You will deny three times that you know me before the rooster crows this day" -Here, the crowing of the rooster is used as a metonym for that time of day." Roosters often crow before the sun appears in the morning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# the rooster will not crow this day, before you deny -## the rooster will not crow…before you deny… ## +This can be stated positively. AT: "the rooster will crow this day only after you deny" or "before the rooster crows today, you will deny" -This can be stated positively: "the rooster will crow…only after you deny." The order of the parts of the verse can also be reversed: "You will deny three times that you know me before the rooster crows this day" +# the rooster will not crow -## this day ## +Here, the crowing of the rooster refers to a certain time of day. Roosters often crow just before the sun appears in the morning. Therefore, this refers to dawn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -The Jewish day begins at sunset. Jesus was speaking after the sun had set. The rooster would crow just before morning. The morning was part of "this day." It can also be translated as "tonight" or "in the morning." \ No newline at end of file +# rooster + +a bird that calls out loudly around the time the sun comes up + +# this day + +The Jewish day begins at sunset. Jesus was speaking after the sun had set. The rooster would crow just before morning. The morning was part of "this day." AT: "tonight" or "in the morning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/35.md b/luk/22/35.md index a2099dc3cd..6e9718f947 100644 --- a/luk/22/35.md +++ b/luk/22/35.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## When I sent you out ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus turns his attention back to speaking to all of his disciples. + +# When ... did you lack anything? + +Jesus uses a question to help the apostles remember how well the people provided for them as they traveled. AT: "Remember that when ... you had everything you needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# When I sent you out Jesus was talking to his apostles. So languages that have different forms of "you" should use the plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## purse ## +# purse A purse is a bag for holding money. Here it is used to refer to "money." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a bag of provisions ## +# a bag of provisions -This can be translated as "travelers' bag" or "food," which would have been in the bag if they had taken one. +"travelers' bag" or "bag of food" -## did you lack anything? ## +# Nothing -"did you need anything that you did not have?" This is a rhetorical question to help the apostles remember how well the people they went to provided for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +It may be helpful to some audiences to include more about the conversation. AT: "We did not lack anything" or "We had everything we needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Nothing ## +# The one who does not have a sword should sell his cloak -"We did not lack anything" +Jesus was not referring to a specific person who did not have a sword. AT: "If anyone does not have a sword, he should sell his cloak" -## The one who does not have a sword should sell his cloak ## - -Jesus was not referring to a specific person who did not have a sword. It can also be translated as "If anyone does not have a sword, he should sell his cloak." - -## cloak ## +# cloak "coat" or "outer garment" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/37.md b/luk/22/37.md index 6f0866a84e..4c5bbb484f 100644 --- a/luk/22/37.md +++ b/luk/22/37.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## what is written about me ## +# Connecting Statement: -"what a prophet wrote about me in the scriptures" (UDB) +Jesus finishes speaking with his disciples. -## must be fulfilled ## +# what is written about me -The apostles would have understood that God would cause everything written in the scriptures to happen. You could make this explicit by rewording the entire phrase: "God will cause everything that is written in the scriptures to be fulfilled." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what a prophet wrote about me in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he was considered with the lawless ## +# must be fulfilled -"People considered him to be one of the lawless people." Some languages may need to state explicitly "This is written in the scripture. 'And he was considered with the lawless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The apostles would have understood that God would cause everything written in the scriptures to happen. AT: "God will fulfill" or "God will cause to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the lawless ## +# He was counted with the lawless ones -"those who break the law" or "criminals" +Here Jesus is quoting the scriptures. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People counted him as a member of the group of lawless men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For what is predicted about me is being fulfilled ## +# the lawless ones -This phrase is not clear in the Greek. Another possible meaning is "My life is coming to an end." +"those who break the law" or "the criminals" -## they said ## +# For what is predicted about me is being fulfilled + +Possible meanings are 1) "For what the prophet predicted about me is about to happen" or 2) "For my life is coming to an end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they said This refers to at least two of Jesus' apostles. -## It is enough ## +# It is enough Possible meanings are 1) "That is enough swords" or 2) "That is enough talk about this." When Jesus said that they should buy swords, he was mainly telling them about the danger they would all face. He may not have really wanted them to buy swords and fight. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/39.md b/luk/22/39.md index b5a96e8880..0575ca3807 100644 --- a/luk/22/39.md +++ b/luk/22/39.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## after supper ## +# General Information: + +This is the next part of the story. Jesus went to the Mount of Olives to pray. + +# After supper This refers to the completion of the Passover meal. -## that you do not enter into temptation ## +# that you do not enter into temptation -This can be translated as "that you are not tempted" or "that you do not sin when you are tempted" or "that you are not tempted so severely that that you sin." \ No newline at end of file +"that you are not tempted" or "that nothing tempts you and causes you to sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/41.md b/luk/22/41.md index 513cc635e4..131aab019f 100644 --- a/luk/22/41.md +++ b/luk/22/41.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## about a stone's throw ## +# about a stone's throw -This means "about the distance that someone can throw a stone." AT: "a short distance" or with an estimated measurement like "about 30 meters" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"about the distance that someone can throw a stone." AT: "a short distance" or with an estimated measurement like "about thirty meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## remove this cup from me ## +# Father, if you are willing -Jesus is referring to the suffering that he is about to endure as if it were in a cup and that he was going to drink it. AT: "take away from me this cup of suffering" or "take away this suffering from me" or "rescue me from having to suffer like this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus will bear the guilt of every person's sin on the cross. He prays to his Father asking if there is another way. -## Nevertheless not my will, but yours be done ## +# Father -This can also be translated as "However, I want your will to be done rather than mine." \ No newline at end of file +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# remove this cup from me + +Jesus refers to the suffering that he is about to endure as if it were in a cup and that he was going to drink it. AT: "take away from me this cup of suffering" or "take away this suffering from me" or "rescue me from having to suffer like this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Nevertheless not my will, but yours be done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "However, do what is according to your will rather than doing what is according to my will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/43.md b/luk/22/43.md index ce0ad740b8..423950f715 100644 --- a/luk/22/43.md +++ b/luk/22/43.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## appeared to him ## +# appeared to him "appeared to Jesus" -## strengthening him ## +# strengthening him "encouraging him" -## Being in agony, he prayed ## +# Being in agony, he prayed -"He was in agony, and he prayed" \ No newline at end of file +"He was suffering greatly, and so he prayed" + +# he prayed more earnestly + +"he prayed more intensely" + +# his sweat became like great drops of blood falling down upon the ground + +"his sweat was falling to the ground like large drops of blood" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/45.md b/luk/22/45.md index 5b9f888c06..558e57ae4d 100644 --- a/luk/22/45.md +++ b/luk/22/45.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## When he rose up from his prayer ## +# When he rose up from his prayer -This can be translated as "When Jesus got up after praying" or "After praying, Jesus got up and." +"When Jesus got up after praying" or "After praying, Jesus got up and" -## found them sleeping because of their sorrow ## +# found them sleeping because of their sorrow -"saw that they were sleeping because they were so sad" +"saw that they were sleeping because they were tired from their sadness" -## Why are you sleeping? ## +# Why are you sleeping? -This is a rhetorical question. Possible meanings are 1) "I am surprised that you are sleeping now" or 2) "You should not be sleeping now!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "I am surprised that you are sleeping now" or 2) "You should not be sleeping now!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## enter into temptation ## +# that you may not enter into temptation -"be tempted" or "sin when you are tempted" \ No newline at end of file +"so that you may not be tempted" or "so that nothing tempts you and causes you to sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/47.md b/luk/22/47.md index a113a86120..b13fae1323 100644 --- a/luk/22/47.md +++ b/luk/22/47.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## behold, a crowd appeared ## +# behold, a crowd appeared -The word "behold" alerts us to a new group in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a crowd that appeared…” +The word "behold" alerts us to a new group in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. AT: "there was a crowd that appeared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## leading them ## +# leading them -This can be translated as "leading them to Jesus." Judas was showing the people where Jesus was. He was not telling the crowd what to do. +Judas was showing the people where Jesus was. He was not telling the crowd what to do. AT: "leading them to Jesus" -## to kiss him ## +# to kiss him -This can be translated as "to greet him with a kiss" or "to greet him by kissing him." When men greeted other men who where family or friends, they would kiss them on one cheek or both cheeks. If your readers would find it embarrassing to say that a man would kiss another man, you could translate it in a more general way: "to give him a friendly greeting." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +"to greet him with a kiss" or "to greet him by kissing him." When men greeted other men who were family or friends, they would kiss them on one cheek or both cheeks. If your readers would find it embarrassing to say that a man would kiss another man, you could translate it in a more general way: "to give him a friendly greeting." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## the Son of Man ## +# are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss? -Jesus is using this term to refer to himself. +Jesus uses a question to rebuke Judas for betraying him with a kiss. Normally a kiss is a sign of love. AT: "it is a kiss you are using to betray the Son of Man!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss ## +# the Son of Man -Jesus used this rhetorical question to rebuke Judas: "It is a kiss you are using to betray the Son of Man!" Judas could have chosen to use a hand signal or words like "Jesus is the one by the large stone" to point to Jesus, but instead he acted out a lie by using a kiss, the sign of love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus is using this term to refer to himself. AT: "me, the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/49.md b/luk/22/49.md index b3a90193d9..198b4f306f 100644 --- a/luk/22/49.md +++ b/luk/22/49.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## those who were around Jesus ## +# those who were around Jesus This refers to Jesus' disciples. -## what was happening ## +# what was happening -This could be translated as "that the priests and soldiers had some to arrest Jesus." +This refers to the priests and soldiers coming to arrest Jesus. -## struck the servant of the high priest ## +# strike with the sword + +"fight against them with a sword" + +# one of them + +"one of the disciples" + +# struck the servant of the high priest "struck the servant of the high priest with a sword" -## touched his ear ## +# That is enough -This could be translated as "touched him where his ear had been cut off." \ No newline at end of file +This expression means, "Do not do any more of that" + +# touched his ear + +"touched the servant where his ear had been cut off" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/52.md b/luk/22/52.md index a5f6cc4eb2..9ba28a4dbc 100644 --- a/luk/22/52.md +++ b/luk/22/52.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Do you come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs? ## +# Do you come out as against a robber, with swords and clubs? -"Do you come out with swords and clubs because you think I am a robber?" This a rhetorical question. It can be translated as "You know that I am not a robber, yet you come out to me bringing swords and clubs." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"Do you come out with swords and clubs because you think I am a robber?" Jesus uses this question to scold the Jewish leaders. AT: "You know that I am not a robber, yet you come out to me bringing swords and clubs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I was daily with you ## +# I was daily with you "I was among you every day" -## in the temple ## +# in the temple -This can be translated as "in the temple courts" or "at the temple." +Only priests entered the temple. AT: "in the temple courts" or "at the temple" -## lay your hands on me ## +# lay your hands on me -This idiom means "arrest me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This expression refers to people exercising authority over the disciples. AT: "arrest me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your hour ## +# your hour -"your time" +"your time" or "your time to act" -## the authority of darkness ## +# the authority of darkness -This could be translated as "the time of the ruler of darkness" or "the time when Satan is doing the evil things as he wants to do" (UDB). The "authority of darkness" is a metonym for the evil ruler, Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +It may be helpful to repeat the reference to time. AT: "the time of the authority of darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the authority of darkness + +This refers to the evil ruler, Satan. AT: "the time of the ruler of darkness" or "the time for Satan to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/54.md b/luk/22/54.md index 3d53adf380..413206c58f 100644 --- a/luk/22/54.md +++ b/luk/22/54.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## led him away ## +# led him away "led Jesus away from the garden where they had arrested him" -## they had kindled a fire ## +# into the high priest's house -This can also be translated as "some of them had kindled a fire." The fire was to keep them warm. +"into the courtyard of the high priest's house" -## the middle of the courtyard ## +# they had kindled a fire -This was the courtyard at the high priest's house. It had walls around it, but no roof. \ No newline at end of file +"some people had made a fire." The fire was to keep the people warm during the cool night. AT: "some people started a fire to keep warm" + +# the middle of the courtyard + +This was the courtyard at the high priest's house. It had walls around it, but no roof. + +# in the midst of them + +"together with them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/56.md b/luk/22/56.md index d47e2ce357..942ada726e 100644 --- a/luk/22/56.md +++ b/luk/22/56.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## looked straight at him and said ## +# he sat in the light of the fire -"looked straight at Peter and said to the other people in the courtyard" +He sat near the fire and its line shone on him. -## This man also was with him ## +# and looked straight at him and said + +"and she looked straight at Peter and said to the other people in the courtyard" + +# This man also was with him The woman was telling the people about Peter being with Jesus. She probably did not know Peter's name. -## But Peter denied it ## +# But Peter denied it "But Peter said that it was not true" -## Woman, I do not know him ## +# Woman, I do not know him Peter did not know the woman's name. He was not insulting her by calling her "woman." If people would think he was insulting her, you could use a culturally acceptable way for a man to address a woman he does not know, or you could leave out the word. -## Man, I am not ## +# You are also one of them -See the note above about "woman." \ No newline at end of file +"You are one of the disciples of Jesus also" + +# Man, I am not + +Peter did not know the man's name. He was not insulting him by calling him "Man." If people would think he was insulting him, you could use a culturally acceptable way for a man to address a man he does not know, or you could leave out the word. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/59.md b/luk/22/59.md index 38f4aea45f..cf2fbcf5ca 100644 --- a/luk/22/59.md +++ b/luk/22/59.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## insisted and said ## +# insisted and said -"said insistently" or "said loudly" (UDB) +"said insistently" or "said loudly" -## Truly this man ## +# Truly this man -"This man" refers to Peter. The speaker probably did not know Peter's name. +Here "this man" refers to Peter. The speaker probably did not know Peter's name. -## he is a Galilean ## +# he is a Galilean -Matthew [Matthew 26:73](../../mat/26/73.md) says that the people could tell Peter was from Galilee from the way he talked. +The man could probably tell Peter was from Galilee from the way he talked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I do not know what you are saying ## +# Man -This idiom is used to say very strongly "What you said is not true at all" or "What you said is completely false." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Peter did not know the man's name. He was not insulting him by calling him "Man." If people would think he was insulting him, you could use a culturally acceptable way for a man to address a man he does not know, or you could leave out the word. See how you translated this in [Luke 22:58](./56.md). -## while he was speaking ## +# I do not know what you are saying -"while Peter was speaking" \ No newline at end of file +"I do not know what you are talking about." This expression means that Peter completely disagree with the man. AT: "what you said is not true at all" or "what you said is completely false" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# while he was speaking + +"while Peter was speaking" + +# a rooster crowed + +Roosters often crow just before the sun appears in the morning. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Luke 22:34](./33.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/61.md b/luk/22/61.md index bbc346e0f6..5b969e396a 100644 --- a/luk/22/61.md +++ b/luk/22/61.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## the word of the Lord ## +# Turning, the Lord looked at Peter -"Jesus' words" or "what Jesus had said" +"The Lord turned and looked at Peter" -## today ## +# the word of the Lord -Jesus had spoken the previous evening about what would happen shortly before dawn or at dawn. So it can also be translated as "tonight." \ No newline at end of file +Here the "word" of Jesus is here used to refer to everything that he said. AT: "Jesus' messages" or "what Jesus had said" + +# a rooster crows + +Roosters often crow just before the sun appears in the morning. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Luke 22:34](./33.md). + +# today + +The Jewish day started at sundown and continued to the next evening. Jesus had spoken the previous evening about what would happen shortly before dawn or at dawn. AT: "tonight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# deny me three times + +"deny three times that you know me" + +# Peter went outside + +"Peter went out of the courtyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/63.md b/luk/22/63.md index 69aec81df2..da6f4722e4 100644 --- a/luk/22/63.md +++ b/luk/22/63.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## after blindfolding him ## +# They put a cover over him -"after they covered his eyes so that he could not see" +"They covered his eyes so that he could not see" -## Prophesy! Who is the one that hit you? ## +# Prophesy! Who is the one who hit you? -The guards did not believe that Jesus was a prophet. Rather they believed that a real prophet would know who hit him even if he could not see it. They called Jesus a prophet, but they wanted to show that he was not a prophet. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are a prophet. Tell us who hit you” or “Hey prophet, who hit you?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +The guards did not believe that Jesus was a prophet. Rather they believed that a real prophet would know who hit him even if he could not see it. They called Jesus a prophet, but they wanted to show that he was not a prophet. AT: "Prove that you are a prophet. Tell us who hit you!" or "Hey prophet, who hit you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## Prophesy! ## +# Prophesy! "Speak words from God!" The implied information is that God would have to tell Jesus who struck him since Jesus was blindfolded and could not see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/66.md b/luk/22/66.md index 6c3658c6d9..c1f7cc80c8 100644 --- a/luk/22/66.md +++ b/luk/22/66.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## They led him into the Council ## +# General Information: -Possible meanings are 1) "The elders had Jesus brought into the Council" or 2) "The guards led Jesus into the Council of the elders." Some languages may avoid saying who led him by using the pronoun "they" (ULB) or by using a passive verb: "Jesus was led into thee Council." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +It is now the next day and Jesus is brought before the council. -## saying ## +# As soon as it was day -"The elders said to Jesus" +"At dawn the next morning" -## tell us ## +# They led him into the council -"tell us that you are the Christ" +Possible meanings are 1) "The elders had Jesus brought into the council" or 2) "The guards led Jesus into the council of the elders." Some languages may avoid saying who led him by using the pronoun "they" or by using a passive verb: "Jesus was led into the council" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## If I tell you, you will not believe ## +# and said + +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "The elders said to Jesus" + +# If you are the Christ, tell us + +"Tell us if you are the Christ" + +# If I tell you ... if I ask you + +Jesus is saying that it did not matter whether he spoke or asked them to speak, they would not respond correctly. These two phrases together express Jesus' attitude that the council was not really looking for the truth. + +# If I tell you, you will not believe This is the first of two hypothetical statements by Jesus. It was a way for Jesus to respond without giving them a reason to say that he was guilty of blasphemy. Your language may have a way of indicating that the action has not actually happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## if I ask you, you will not answer ## +# if I ask you, you will not answer -This is the second hypothetical statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) - -## if I tell you…if I ask you ## - -Jesus is saying that it did not matter whether he spoke or asked them to speak, they would not respond correctly. These two phrases together express Jesus' attitude that the council was not really looking for the truth. \ No newline at end of file +This is the second hypothetical statement. It was a way for Jesus to rebuke them without giving them a reason to convict him. Your language may have a way of indicating that the action has not actually happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/69.md b/luk/22/69.md index 58596a3e94..d58f54b5be 100644 --- a/luk/22/69.md +++ b/luk/22/69.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -Jesus continues speaking to the council of elders. +# Connecting Statement: -## from now on ## +Jesus continues speaking to the council. + +# from now on "from this day" or "starting from today" -## the Son of Man ## +# the Son of Man -Jesus used this phrase to refer to the Christ. He was implying that he was talking about himself, but the elders would have to ask to see if that's what he was really saying. +Jesus used this phrase to refer to himself. This title also referred to the Christ, but the elders would have to ask to verify that he was claiming to be the Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## seated at the right hand of the power of God ## +# seated at the right hand of the power of God -The Jews understood that no one could sit there. They considered this equal to saying "will be with God as God." +The Jews understood that only God could sit there. They considered this equal to saying "will be with God as God." -## the power of God ## +# the power of God -"the all-powerful God." Here "power" refers to his supreme authority. +"the all-powerful God." Here "power" refers to his supreme authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Then are you the Son of God? ## +# Then you are the Son of God? -The council asked this question because they wanted Jesus to explicitly confirm their understanding that he was saying he was the Son of God. This could be translated as "So when you said that, did you mean that you are the Son of God?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The council asked this question because they wanted Jesus to explicitly confirm their understanding that he was saying he was the Son of God. AT: "So when you said that, did you mean that you are the Son of God?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## You say that I am ## +# Son of God -"Yes, it is just like you say" (UDB) +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## Why do we still need a witness? ## +# You say that I am -This is a rhetorical question. It means "We have no further need for witnesses!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"Yes, it is just like you say" -## from his own mouth ## +# Why do we still need a witness? -This idiom uses a body part (the mouth) to refer to the person. It means "directly from him." It emphasizes the fact that Jesus himself said the things that they were accusing him of saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +They use a question for emphasis. AT: "We have no further need for witnesses!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# heard from his own mouth + +The phrase "his own mouth" refers to his speech. AT: "heard him say that he believes he is the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/22/intro.md b/luk/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..29725eec63 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Luke 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The events of this chapter are commonly referred to as the "last supper." This Passover feast in many ways parallels Jesus' sacrifice as the lamb of God. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The eating of the body and blood ##### + +To this day, this symbolic action is practiced in nearly all churches in remembrance of Christ's sacrifice for the sins of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### The New Covenant ##### +Jesus mentions the New Covenant during the last supper. The New Covenant is a source of controversy among scholars. There are many different opinions about when this covenant begins and the church's relationship to the new covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Son of Man ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Every language may not have the ability to have a person refer to himself (the first person) in the third person. + +##### "this is your hour" ##### +In many cultures, there is a belief that only bad things happen in the middle of the night, when the good people are asleep. This phrase is an insult suggesting that the people arresting Jesus are doing evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/01.md b/luk/23/01.md index 4f4639043a..b50d295a4c 100644 --- a/luk/23/01.md +++ b/luk/23/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## The whole company of them ## +# General Information: -"All of the Jewish leaders" +Jesus is brought before Pilate. -## rose up ## +# The whole company of them + +"All of the Jewish leaders" or "All the members of the Council" + +# rose up "stood" or "stood to their feet" -## before Pilate ## +# before Pilate -"in front of Pilate." This could be translated as "to stand facing Pilate." +To appear before someone means to enter into their authority. AT: "to be judged by Pilate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## perverting our nation ## +# We found -"causing trouble by telling lies to our people" (UDB) +"We" refers only the Council members, and not to Pilate of any other people nearby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## forbidding to give tribute ## +# perverting our nation -"telling them not to pay taxes" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"causing our people to do things that are not right" or "causing trouble by telling lies to our people" + +# forbidding to give tribute + +"telling them not to pay taxes" + +# to Caesar + +Caesar represents the Emperor of Rome. AT: "to the Emperor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/03.md b/luk/23/03.md index 756305514c..cfaa4829a7 100644 --- a/luk/23/03.md +++ b/luk/23/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Pilate asked him ## +# Pilate asked him "Pilate asked Jesus" -## You say so ## +# You say so -This idiom means "what you said is correct." It could also be translated as "It is just as you have asked me" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) by saying this, Jesus implied that he is the King of the Jews. AT: "Yes, as you said, I am" or "Yes. It is as you said" or 2) by saying this, Jesus was saying that Pilate, not Jesus, was the one calling him the King of the Jews. AT: "You yourself have said so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## multitudes ## +# multitudes -"the crowd of people" +"crowd of people" -## I find no fault in this man ## +# I find no fault in this man -"I don't find this man guilty of anything" +"I do not find this man guilty of anything" -## stirs up ## +# stirs up -"caused trouble among" +"causes trouble among" -## beginning from Galilee and even to this place ## +# beginning from Galilee even to this place -"He began causing trouble in Galilee and now is causing trouble here" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "He began causing trouble in Galilee and now is causing trouble here" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/06.md b/luk/23/06.md index ea46a99a56..f79b90c50e 100644 --- a/luk/23/06.md +++ b/luk/23/06.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## hear this ## +# heard this "heard that Jesus began to teach in Galilee" -## whether ## +# whether "if" -## the man ## +# the man This refers to Jesus. -## he discovered ## +# he discovered -"Pilate discovered" +"Pilate found out" -## he was under Herod's authority ## +# he was under Herod's authority -The passage does not state the implied fact that Herod was the ruler of Galilee. You could make this information explicit: "Jesus was under the authority of Herod because Herod ruled over Galilee." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The passage does not state the implied fact that Herod was the ruler of Galilee. AT: "Jesus was under the authority of Herod because Herod ruled over Galilee" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he sent ## +# he sent "Pilate sent" -## who himself ## +# who himself This refers to Herod. -## in those days ## +# in those days -This could be translated as "during the Passover Festival." \ No newline at end of file +"at that time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/08.md b/luk/23/08.md index 8529f74610..e627ed2c3c 100644 --- a/luk/23/08.md +++ b/luk/23/08.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## he was very glad ## +# he was very glad "Herod was very glad" -## he had wanted to see him ## +# he had wanted to see him "Herod had wanted to see Jesus" -## he had heard about him ## +# He had heard about him "Herod had heard about Jesus" -## he hoped ## +# he hoped "Herod hoped" -## see some miracle done by him ## +# to see some miracle done by him -This could be stated in active voice: "he wanted to see him perform some kind of miracle" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to see him perform some kind of miracle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Herod questioned Jesus in many words ## +# Herod questioned Jesus in many words -AT: "Herod asked Jesus a lot of questions" +"Herod asked Jesus a lot of questions" -## answered him nothing ## +# answered him nothing -"did not reply" (UDB) or "did not give Herod an answer" +"did not reply" or "did not give Herod an answer" -## stood ## +# stood "were standing there" -## violently accusing him ## +# violently accusing him -"severely accusing Jesus" or "viciously accusing him" \ No newline at end of file +"severely accusing Jesus" or "accusing him of all kinds of crimes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/11.md b/luk/23/11.md index 025d812af6..c8f9889fc3 100644 --- a/luk/23/11.md +++ b/luk/23/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## clothed him in beautiful clothing ## +# Herod with his soldiers -The translation should not imply that this was done to honor or care for Jesus. They did it to mock Jesus and to make fun of him. +"Herod and his soldiers" -## And Herod and Pilate became friends with each other that very day. ## +# dressed him in elegant clothes -The implied information is that they became friends because Herod appreciated Pilate allowing him to judge Jesus. You could make this explicit: "And Herod and Pilate became friends with each other that very day because Pilate had sent Jesus to Herod for judgment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"put beautiful clothes on him." The translation should not imply that this was done to honor or care for Jesus. They did it to mock Jesus and to make fun of him. -## Before ## +# Herod and Pilate had become friends with each other that very day -"Before that day" \ No newline at end of file +The implied information is that they became friends because Herod appreciated Pilate allowing him to judge Jesus. AT: "Herod and Pilate became friends with each other that very day because Pilate had sent Jesus to Herod for judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# before this they had been enemies with each other + +This information is enclosed in parentheses to show that it is background information. Use a format that your audience would understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/13.md b/luk/23/13.md index 011f110543..ac40b7d9df 100644 --- a/luk/23/13.md +++ b/luk/23/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## called together the chief priests and the rulers and the crowd of people ## +# called together the chief priests and the rulers and the crowd of people "called the chief priests and the rulers and the crowd of people to come meet together" -## I, having questioned him before you ## +# the crowd of people -"I have questioned Jesus in your presence." This could also be translated as "I have questioned Jesus with you here as witnesses." +It is not likely that Pilate asked a crowd to come. The crowd was probably still there waiting to see what would happen to Jesus. AT: "the crowd that was still there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I find no fault ## +# this man -"I do not think that he is guilty" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Jesus. + +# like a man who + +"saying that he" + +# I, having questioned him before you + +"I have questioned Jesus in your presence, and." It is implied that they were witnesses to the proceedings. AT: "I have questioned Jesus with you here as witnesses, and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# find no fault in this man + +"do not think that he is guilty" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/15.md b/luk/23/15.md index 31652f3953..c0d8009bb3 100644 --- a/luk/23/15.md +++ b/luk/23/15.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## No, nor does Herod ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Even Herod does not think he is guilty" (UDB) +Pilate continues speaking to the Jewish leaders and to the crowd. -## for ## +# No, nor does Herod + +It may be helpful to add information that is not included in the short statement. AT: "Even Herod does not think he is guilty" or "Even Herod thinks he is innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# for "because" or "we know this because" -## he sent him back to us ## +# he sent him back to us -"Herod sent Jesus to return to us." The word "us" here is exclusive: it refers to Pilate and his soldiers, not to the priests and scribes who had gone to Herod with Jesus, nor to the crowd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +"Herod sent Jesus to return to us." The word "us" refers to Pilate, his soldiers, and the priests and scribes, but not those who were listening to Pilate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## nothing worthy of death has been done by him ## +# nothing worthy of death has been done by him -This can be translated in active voice: "He has not done anything to deserve a death sentence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he has not done anything to deserve a death sentence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I will therefore punish him ## +# I will therefore punish him -Because Pilate had found no fault in Jesus he should have released him without punishment. It is not necessary to try to make this statement fit logically into the translation. Pilate punished Jesus, whom he knew to be innocent, only because he was afraid of the crowd. - -## Now ## - -This could be translated as "Pilate said this because" (UDB). - -## he was obligated to release to them one prisoner ## - -Pilate was required to do this by political custom. This implied information can be stated explicitly: "he was obligated by custom to release to them one prisoner." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Because Pilate had found no fault in Jesus he should have released him without punishment. It is not necessary to try to make this statement fit logically into the translation. Pilate punished Jesus, whom he knew to be innocent, only because he was afraid of the crowd. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/18.md b/luk/23/18.md index 59c874e59d..26a7253163 100644 --- a/luk/23/18.md +++ b/luk/23/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## they cried out all together ## +# General Information: + +Verse 19 tells us background information about who Barabbas is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# they cried out all together "All the people in the crowd shouted" -## Away with this man ## +# Away with this man -"That this man away!" By this, the crowd meant: "Take this man away and execute him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"Take this man away!" They are asking for Jesus to be killed. AT: "Take this man away and execute him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## for ## +# release to us + +"us" refers to the crowd only, and not to Pilate and his soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Barabbas was a man ... for murder + +This is background information that Luke gives about who Barabbas was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# who had been put into prison + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the Romans had put in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for "because of his involvement in" or "because of his crime of" -## a certain rebellion ## +# a certain rebellion in the city -"trying to persuade the people of the city to rebel against the Roman government" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"trying to persuade the people of the city to rebel against the Roman government" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/20.md b/luk/23/20.md index 8c9c7421e7..a8f756a3d5 100644 --- a/luk/23/20.md +++ b/luk/23/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## addressed them again ## +# addressed them again -"spoke to them again" or "spoke again to the people in the crowd" +"spoke to them again" or "spoke again to the people in the crowd and to the religious rulers" -## desiring to release Jesus ## +# desiring to release Jesus -"because he wanted to release Jesus" +"because he wanted to set Jesus free" -## He said to them a third time ## +# He said to them a third time -"Pilate said to the crowd again, for the third time" \ No newline at end of file +"Pilate said to the crowd again, for the third time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# what evil has this man done? + +Pilate uses this question to cause the crowd to understand that Jesus is innocent. AT: "this man has not done anything wrong!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# I have found nothing deserving the death penalty in him + +"He has done nothing for which he deserves to die" + +# after punishing him, I will release him + +As in [Luke 23:16](./15.md), Pilate should have released Jesus without punishment because he was innocent. However, he offered to punish Jesus to appease the crowd. + +# I will release him + +"I will set him free" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/23.md b/luk/23/23.md index bc3edb2862..2086c82035 100644 --- a/luk/23/23.md +++ b/luk/23/23.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## they were insistent ## +# they were insistent "the crowd insisted" -## with loud voices ## +# with loud voices -"shouting" +"with shouting" -## for him to be crucified ## +# for him to be crucified -"that Jesus be crucified" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for Pilate to have his soldiers crucify Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## their voices ## +# Their voices convinced Pilate -"the words being shouted by the crowd" +"The crowd kept shouting until they convinced Pilate" -## to grant their demand ## +# to grant their demand -"to do what the crowd requested" (UDB) +"to do what the crowd requested" -## he released the one they asked for ## +# He released the one they asked for -"Pilate freed Barabbas whom the crowd had asked be released" +This means Pilate released Barrabas from prison. AT: "Pilate freed Barabbas whom the crowd had asked be released" -## he delivered up Jesus to their will ## +# who had been put in prison ... murder -"Pilate allowed the crowd to do to Jesus whatever they wanted" or "Pilate gave Jesus to the crowd and allowed the crowd to do to Jesus what they wanted to do" \ No newline at end of file +This is background information about where Barrabas was at that time. It can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the Romans had put in prison ... murder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# he delivered up Jesus to their will + +"Pilate commanded the soldiers to do to Jesus whatever the crowd wanted them to do" or "Pilate allowed the crowd to do to Jesus what they wanted to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/26.md b/luk/23/26.md index 79b898e8cf..47eb9ff3a2 100644 --- a/luk/23/26.md +++ b/luk/23/26.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## as they led him away ## +# As they led him away "While the soldiers led Jesus away from where Pilate was" -## seized one Simon of Cyrene ## +# seized one Simon of Cyrene The Roman soldiers had the authority to compel people to carry their loads. Do not translate this in a way that indicates that Simon was arrested or had done anything wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## one ## +# one "a man named" -## coming from the country ## +# coming from the country -"He was coming into Jerusalem from the countryside" (UDB) +"who was coming into Jerusalem from the countryside" -## laid the cross on him ## +# laid the cross on him -"put the cross on his shoulders" \ No newline at end of file +"put the cross on his shoulders" + +# following Jesus + +"and he followed behind Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/27.md b/luk/23/27.md index 71d6bef478..4b2bbc74fb 100644 --- a/luk/23/27.md +++ b/luk/23/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## mourned for him ## +# A great crowd + +"A large crowd" + +# great crowd of the people, and of women + +The woman were part of the large crowd, and not a separate crowd. + +# mourned for him "mourned for Jesus" -## were following him ## +# were following him -"were following Jesus" +This does not mean that they were Jesus' disciples. It simply means they were walking along behind him. -## Daughters of Jerusalem ## +# turning to them -"you women who are from Jerusalem" +This indicates that Jesus turned to face the women and address them directly. -## weep for me ## +# Daughters of Jerusalem -"cry about my situation" +The "daughter" of a city means the women of the city. This was not rude. It was a normal form of address to a group of women from one location. AT: "You women who are from Jerusalem" -## but weep for yourselves and your children ## +# do not weep for me, but -"instead cry for what is going to happen to you and your children" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus uses hyperbole to say that they had more reason to weep for their own situation than for his. AT: "do not cry about my situation. Instead," or "you are weeping for me, but even worse things are going to happen to you, so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# weep for yourselves and for your children + +The person is a metonym for what will happen to the person. AT: "cry about what is going to happen to you and to your children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/29.md b/luk/23/29.md index 7cabcbbc57..ec2385b585 100644 --- a/luk/23/29.md +++ b/luk/23/29.md @@ -1,31 +1,47 @@ -## in which they will say ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd. + +# For see + +This introduces the reason why the women of Jerusalem should weep for themselves. + +# the days are coming + +"there will soon be a time" + +# in which they will say "when people will say" -## the barren ## +# the barren "women who have not given birth to children" -## Then ## +# the wombs that did not bear ... the breasts that did not nurse + +These clauses are used to more fully describe "the barren." Those women neither gave birth nor nursed children. It may be helpful to combine these together with "the barren." AT: "the women who have never given birth to children or nursed babies" + +# Then "At that time" -## to the hills ## +# to the hills -"they will say to the hills" +Words are left out to keep the phrase short. AT: "they will say to the hills" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## For if they do these things while the tree is green what will happen when it is dry? ## +# For if they do these things while the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry? -This is a rhetorical question. It can be translated as a statement: "You can see that they are doing these bad things while the tree is green, so you can be sure that they will do worse things when the tree is dry." The meaning is "You see that they are doing bad things now in good times, so you can be sure they will do worse things in the bad times in the future." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus uses a question to help the crowd understand that people are doing bad things now in good times, so certainly they will do worse things in the bad times in the future. AT: "You can see that they are doing these bad things while the tree is green, so you can be sure that they will do worse things when the tree is dry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the tree is green ## +# the tree is green -The green tree is a metaphor for something good in the present. If your language has a similar metaphor, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The green tree is a metaphor for something that is good. If your language has a similar metaphor, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## it is dry ## +# it is dry -The dry wood is a metaphor for something bad in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The dry wood is a metaphor for something that will be useful only to burn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they ## +# they -This can refer to either the Romans or the Jewish leaders or no one in particular. \ No newline at end of file +This can refer to either the Romans or the Jewish leaders, or no one in particular. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/32.md b/luk/23/32.md index 333dc1b98a..3049e94e24 100644 --- a/luk/23/32.md +++ b/luk/23/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Other men, two criminals ## +# Other men, two criminals, were led away with him to be put to death -"Two other men who were criminals" (UDB) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The soldiers led away with Jesus two criminals to execute them also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## were led away with him ## +# Other men, two criminals -"were led away with Jesus" or "The soldiers led away with Jesus two other men who were criminals" - -## to be put to death ## - -"to kill them" or "to execute them" \ No newline at end of file +"Two other men who were criminals" or "two criminals." Luke avoids saying "other criminals" because Jesus was innocent, even though he was treated as a criminal. Luke calls the other two men criminals, but not Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/33.md b/luk/23/33.md index 19f78f63a9..101f21eb93 100644 --- a/luk/23/33.md +++ b/luk/23/33.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## when they came ## +# When they came The word "they" includes the soldiers, the criminals, and Jesus. -## they crucified him ## +# they crucified him -"the soldiers crucified Jesus" +"the Roman soldiers crucified Jesus" -## one on the right ## +# one on his right and one on his left -"one of the criminals was crucified on a cross located at the right side of Jesus" +"they crucified one criminal on Jesus' right side and the other criminal on Jesus' left side" -## the other on the left ## +# Father, forgive them -"the other criminal was crucified on a cross located at the left side of Jesus" +The word "them" refers to those who were crucifying Jesus. Jesus speaks to his Father with compassion toward the men crucifying him. -## forgive them ## +# Father -The word "them" refers to those who were crucifying Jesus. +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## for they do not know what they are doing ## +# for they do not know what they are doing -"because they do not understand what they are doing." The soldiers did not understand that they were crucifying the Son of God. This can also be translated as "for they do not really know who they are doing this do." +"because they do not understand what they are doing." The Roman soldiers did not understand that they were crucifying the Son of God. AT: "for they do not really know whom they are crucifying" -## they cast lots ## +# they cast lots -The soldiers participated in a type of gambling. It can be translated as "they gambled." +The soldiers participated in a type of gambling. AT: "they gambled" -## dividing up his garments ## +# dividing up his garments "to decide who among the soldiers would take home each piece of Jesus' clothing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/35.md b/luk/23/35.md index 2bbdc57b46..e9ab685008 100644 --- a/luk/23/35.md +++ b/luk/23/35.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## stood ## +# stood "were standing there" -## him ## +# him This refers to Jesus. -## Let him save himself ## +# He saved others. Let him save himself -"Jesus should be able to save himself" or "We would like to see him prove who he is by saving himself from the cross" +Luke records the ironic words of the rulers. The only way Jesus could save others was by dying instead of saving himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## the chosen one ## +# Let him save himself -This could also be translated as "the one that God chose." \ No newline at end of file +"Jesus should be able to save himself." They said this to mock Jesus. They did not believe he could save himself. AT: "We would like to see him prove who he is by saving himself from the cross" + +# the chosen one + +"the one that God has chosen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/36.md b/luk/23/36.md index dc803e31e8..ab9512ca01 100644 --- a/luk/23/36.md +++ b/luk/23/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## him ## +# him "Jesus" -## approaching him ## +# approaching him "coming close to Jesus" -## offering him vinegar ## +# offering him vinegar -"offering Jesus vinegar to drink." Many Bible students believe the soldiers did this to mock him: they knew he was thirsty, so they would put the vinegar near his lips but not let him drink it. +"offering Jesus vinegar to drink." Vinegar is a cheap drink that common people drink. The soldiers were mocking Jesus by giving a cheap drink to someone who claims to be a king. -## a sign over him ## +# If you are the King of the Jews, save yourself -"a placard hung above Jesus' head on which was written" \ No newline at end of file +This was also a way for the soldiers to mock Jesus. AT: "We do not believe you are the King of the Jews, but if you are, prove us wrong and save yourself!" + +# a sign over him + +"a placard at the top of Jesus' cross that stated" + +# This is the King of the Jews + +The people who put this sign above Jesus were mocking him. They did not really think he was a king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/39.md b/luk/23/39.md index d88bb6636a..9dad981c6b 100644 --- a/luk/23/39.md +++ b/luk/23/39.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## insulted him ## +# insulted him "insulted Jesus" -## Are you not the Christ? ## +# Are you not the Christ? -This question is intended not to gather information but to express doubt that Jesus really was the Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The criminal uses a question to mock Jesus. AT: "You claim to be the Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the other answered ## +# Save yourself and us -"the other criminal answered" +The criminal did not really think that Jesus could rescue them from the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## and rebuking him said ## +# the other rebuked him -"and rebuked that criminal by saying" +"the other criminal rebuked him" -## you are under the same sentence ## +# Do you not fear God, since you are under the same sentence? -"you have been judged worthy of the same punishment (death on the cross)" +The criminal uses a question to scold the other criminal. AT: "You must have no fear of God, since you mock Jesus while you are hanging on a cross just like he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## We indeed are here justly ## +# We indeed ... for we ... we deserve + +These usages of "we" refer only to the two criminals, and not to Jesus or the other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# We indeed are here justly "Truly we deserve this punishment" -## this man ## +# this man -The criminal is using these words to refer to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/42.md b/luk/23/42.md index 09d2df06cc..e8588e03a5 100644 --- a/luk/23/42.md +++ b/luk/23/42.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## he added ## +# Then he said -"the criminal also said" +"The criminal also said" -## come into your kingdom ## +# remember me -"begin to rule as king" (UDB) +"think about me and treat me well" -## Truly I say to you ## +# come into your kingdom -"Truly" adds emphasis to what Jesus is saying. This could be translated as "I want you to know that." +To "come into" a kingdom means to begin to rule. AT: "begin to rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## paradise ## +# Truly I say to you -This is the place that righteous people go to when they die. It can be translated as "the happy place" "the place of the righteous" or "the place where people live well." Jesus was assuring the man that he would be with God and God would accept him. \ No newline at end of file +"Truly" adds emphasis to what Jesus is saying. AT: "I want you to know that" + +# paradise + +This is the place that righteous people go to when they die. Jesus was assuring the man that he would be with God and God would accept him. AT: "the happy place" or "the place of the righteous" or "the place where people live well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/44.md b/luk/23/44.md index f9d49849c4..9c1c856846 100644 --- a/luk/23/44.md +++ b/luk/23/44.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## It was now about the sixth hour ## +# about the sixth hour -"When it was about noon." This reflects the custom at the time of counting hours beginning with daybreak at 6 a.m. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]) +"about noon." This reflects the custom at the time of counting hours beginning with daybreak at 6 a.m. -## darkness came over the entire land ## +# darkness came over the whole land "the entire land became dark" -## until the ninth hour ## +# until the ninth hour -"until 3 p.m." This reflects the custom at the time of counting hours beginning with daybreak at 6 a.m. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]) +"until 3 p.m." This reflects the custom at the time of counting hours beginning with daybreak at 6 a.m. -## the curtain of the temple ## +# as the sun's light failed -"the curtain inside the temple" +This does not refer to sundown. Rather, the light of the sun darkened during the middle of the day. Use a term to describe the sun becoming dark rather than the sun going down. -## was torn in the middle ## +# the curtain of the temple -"tore (or split) to become two pieces." AT: "God tore the temple curtain into two pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the curtain inside the temple." This was the curtain that separated the most holy place from the rest of the temple. + +# the curtain of the temple was split down the middle + +"the curtain of the temple was torn from top to bottom into two pieces." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God tore the temple curtain into two pieces from the top to the bottom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/46.md b/luk/23/46.md index 504564cf32..3a43ca0dd4 100644 --- a/luk/23/46.md +++ b/luk/23/46.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Crying ## +# Crying with a loud voice -"Shouting" +"Shouting loudly." It may be helpful to show how this is related to the events of the previous verses. AT: "When that happened, Jesus shouted loudly" -## into your hands I commit my spirit ## +# Father -AT: "I entrust my spirit to your care" or "I give my spirit to you, knowing you will care for it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## Having said this ## +# into your hands I commit my spirit + +"The phrase "into your hands" refers to God's care. AT: "I entrust my spirit to your care" or "I give my spirit to you, knowing you will care for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Having said this "After Jesus said this" -## he died ## +# he died "Jesus died" -## what was done ## +# the centurion -"what had happened" \ No newline at end of file +This was the title for the Roman officer who was in charge of the other Roman soldiers. He supervised the crucifixion. + +# what was done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all the things that had happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# this was a righteous man + +The abstract noun "righteous" can be stated as an action. AT: "this man has done nothing wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/48.md b/luk/23/48.md index aa5545d1cb..d0b008fb3f 100644 --- a/luk/23/48.md +++ b/luk/23/48.md @@ -1,39 +1,35 @@ -## multitudes ## +# multitudes -"crowds of people" +"crowd of people" -## sight ## - -"event" or "what was happening" - -## who came together ## +# who came together "who gathered together" -## things that were done ## +# witness this sight -"what had happened" +"see this event" or "observe what was happening" -## returned ## +# things that were done -"returned to their homes" (UDB) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what had happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## beating their breasts ## +# returned -This means "hitting their own chests to show that they were sorrowful" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"returned to their homes" -## his acquaintances ## +# beating their breasts -“those who knew Jesus” or “those who had met Jesus” +This was a symbol of sorrow and regret. AT: "hitting their own chests to show that they were sorrowful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## followed him ## +# followed him -"followed Jesus" +"traveled with Jesus" -## at a distance ## +# at a distance "some distance away from Jesus" -## these things ## +# these things "what happened" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/50.md b/luk/23/50.md index 4c29f0f56f..57d388bf70 100644 --- a/luk/23/50.md +++ b/luk/23/50.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Behold ## +# General Information: -The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses “There was a man who was…” +This is the next part of the story. Joseph asks Pilate for Jesus' body. These verses give us background information about who Joseph is. It may be helpful to reorder some of this information with a verse bridge as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## belonging to the Council ## +# Behold, there was a man -"and he was a member of the Jewish Council" +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. AT: "There was a man who was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## a good and righteous man ## +# the Council -"He was a good and righteous man" +"the Jewish Council" -## had not agreed with the decision and their action ## +# a good and righteous man -"Joseph did not agree with the council's decision to kill Jesus and the council's action" +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "He was a good and righteous man" -## from Arimathea, a Jewish city ## +# with the decision of the Council and their action -"Joseph was from the Jewish city called Arimathea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +What the decision was can be stated clearly. AT: "with the Council's decision to kill Jesus and their action" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## who was waiting ## +# the Judean town of Arimathea -"Joseph was waiting" \ No newline at end of file +Here "Judean town" means it was located in Judea. AT: "the town called Arimathea, which is in Judea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/52.md b/luk/23/52.md index e137e4fe60..4a1e909091 100644 --- a/luk/23/52.md +++ b/luk/23/52.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## This man ## +# This man "Joseph" -## approaching Pilate, asked ## +# approaching Pilate, asked for "went to Pilate and requested" -## He took it down ## +# for the body of Jesus + +"to take the body of Jesus and bury it" + +# He took it down "Joseph took Jesus' body from the cross" -## wrapped it in fine linen ## +# wrapped it in fine linen -"wrapped the body in a fine linen cloth" +"wrapped the body in a fine linen cloth." This was the normal burial custom at that time. -## laid him in a tomb ## +# that was cut in stone -"placed Jesus' body in a tomb" or "placed Jesus' body in a burial room" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which someone had cut in a rock cliff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that was cut in rock ## +# where no one had ever been laid -"a tomb which someone had cut in a rock cliff" - -## where no one had ever been laid ## - -"No one had ever before put a body in that tomb" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "No one had ever before put a body in that tomb" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/54.md b/luk/23/54.md index 047769292a..92677b1f3a 100644 --- a/luk/23/54.md +++ b/luk/23/54.md @@ -1,39 +1,39 @@ -## the Day of Preparation ## +# the Day of the Preparation -"the day when people got ready for the Jewish day of rest called the Sabbath" (UDB) +"the day when people got ready for the Jewish day of rest called the Sabbath" -## the Sabbath was dawning ## +# the Sabbath was dawning -"It was soon going to be sunset, the start of the Sabbath" (UDB). The dawn here is a metaphor for the beginning of a day. For the Jews, the day began at sunset. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The dawn here is a metaphor for the beginning of a day. For the Jews, the day began at sunset. AT: "it was soon going to be sunset, the start of the Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who had come with him out of Galilee ## +# who had come with Jesus out of Galilee "who had traveled with Jesus from the region of Galilee" -## followed after ## +# followed after -"followed behind Joseph and the men who were with him" +"walked along behind Joseph and the men who were with him" -## saw the tomb ## +# saw the tomb "the women saw the tomb" -## how his body was laid ## +# how his body was laid -"the women saw how the men laid Jesus' body inside the tomb" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the women saw how the men laid Jesus' body inside the tomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They returned ## +# They returned -"The women went to the houses where the women were staying" (UDB) +"The women went to the houses where the women were staying" -## prepared spices and ointments ## +# prepared spices and ointments -"prepared spices and ointments to prepare Jesus' body for burial" +These were used in the burial process in that time. AT: "prepared spices and ointments to prepare Jesus' body for burial" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they rested ## +# they rested "the women did no work" -## according to the commandment ## +# according to the commandment -"according to the Jewish law" or "as the Jewish law required" or "as required by the law given through Moses" \ No newline at end of file +"according to the Jewish law" or "as the Jewish law required." They were not allowed to prepare his body on the Sabbath according to the law. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/23/intro.md b/luk/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d711c1a92e --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Luke 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The ULB sets the last line of this chapter apart because it is more connected with chapter 24 than with chapter 23. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "They began to accuse him" ##### +These men did not just accuse Jesus of these things, they also lied about it and perverted the facts to try to get Pilate to sentence Jesus to death. + +##### "The curtain of the temple was split in two" ##### + +This is an important symbol. The curtain symbolically separated God and man. God could not be directly accessed because of his holiness. The death of Christ changed this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +##### Burial Practices ##### + +It was customary in ancient Israel to bury an important person in a tomb with a large rock to seal it. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "I find no fault in this man." ##### +After one simple question, it appears that Pilate declares Jesus innocent too quickly. This is because Luke omits many of the details of Jesus' interaction with Pilate. This information is contained in the other gospels. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/01.md b/luk/24/01.md index e0f1d956af..6570e133aa 100644 --- a/luk/24/01.md +++ b/luk/24/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## Very early on the first day of the week ## +# General Information: -"Before dawn on Sunday" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeweek]]) +This is the next part of the story. The women return to the tomb with spices to put on Jesus' body. -## came to ## +# Very early on the first day of the week -"arrived at." The ULB is written as though the narrator is already at the tomb and sees the women arrive there. The UDB is written as though the narrator sees the women leave an unnamed place and go to the tomb. +"Before dawn on Sunday" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## the tomb ## +# they came to + +"the women arrived at." The ULB is written as though the narrator is already at the tomb and sees the women arrive there. The UDB is written as though the narrator sees the women leave an unnamed place and go to the tomb. + +# the tomb This tomb was cut in the rock of a cliff. -## the stone rolled away ## +# bringing the spices -a large, cut, round stone big enough to completely block the doorway to the tomb. It required several men to roll. \ No newline at end of file +These were the same spices they prepared in [Luke 23:56](../23/54.md). + +# They found the stone + +"They saw that the stone was" + +# the stone rolled away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that someone had rolled the stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the stone + +This was a large, cut, round stone big enough to completely block the doorway to the tomb. It required several men to roll it. + +# did not find the body of the Lord Jesus + +You can state explicitly that they did not find it because it was not there. AT: "the body of the Lord Jesus was not there!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/04.md b/luk/24/04.md index 0ccda554d8..a1c40cf003 100644 --- a/luk/24/04.md +++ b/luk/24/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## It happened ## +# General Information: + +Two angels appear and begin speaking to the women. + +# It happened This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## in dazzling apparel ## - -"wearing bright, shining clothes" (UDB) - -## filled with fear ## +# were filled with fear "became afraid" -## Why do you seek the living among the dead? ## +# bowed down their faces to the earth -This is a rhetorical question. It can also be translated as "You are looking for a living person among dead people" or "You should not be looking for someone who is alive in a place where they bury dead people!" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"bowed low to the ground." This action expresses their humility and submission to the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Why do you seek ## +# Why do you seek the living among the dead? -"You" here is plural, referring to the women who came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +The men use a question to mildly criticize the women for looking in a tomb for a living person. AT: "You are looking for a living person among dead people!" or "You should not be looking for someone who is alive in a place where they bury dead people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why do you seek + +Here "you" is plural, referring to the women who came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/06.md b/luk/24/06.md index d9ec4e58d7..7ef00e65b1 100644 --- a/luk/24/06.md +++ b/luk/24/06.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -The angels continue talking to the women. +# Connecting Statement: -## remember how ## +The angels finish speaking to the women. -"remember what" +# but has been raised! -## he spoke to you ## +"but he has been made alive again!" This can be stated in active form. AT: "because God has made him alive again!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Jesus had said this at least a week earlier. +# Remember how -## to you ## +"Remember what" -The word "you" is plural. It refers to the women and the other disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +# to you -## that the Son of Man ## +The word "you" is plural. It refers to the women and possibly the other disciples in addition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# that the Son of Man This is the beginning of an indirect quote. It can also be translated with a direct quote as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## the Son of Man must be ## +# the Son of Man must be delivered up into the hands of sinful men and be crucified -"it was necessary for the Son of Man to be." This is something that would certainly happen because God had already decided that it would happen. +The phrase "must be" means this is something that would certainly happen because God had already decided that it would happen. AT: "it was necessary that they hand the Son of Man over to sinful men so they can nail him to a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## delivered up into the hands of ## +# into the hands -"handed over to" or "given over to." Here "hand" refers to power or control. The sentence can also be translated with an active verb: "They will have to hand me, the Son of Man, over to sinful men" (UDB) or "Someone will certainly enable sinful men to seize the Son of Man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hands" refers to power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# third day + +The Jews counted any portion of a day as a day. Therefore, the day Jesus was raised was the "third day" because it followed the day of his burial and the Sabbath day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/08.md b/luk/24/08.md index 108ee73858..6bebd4e24a 100644 --- a/luk/24/08.md +++ b/luk/24/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## remembered his words ## +# Connecting Statement: -"remembered Jesus' words" +The women go to tell the apostles about what they found at the tomb. -## returned from the tomb ## +# remembered his words -The narrator's point of observation is from the path between the tomb and apostles (ULB). The UDB has the point of observation at the tomb, noting that the women have left. In either case, the women left the tomb and went to where the apostles were. +Here "words" refers to the statement that Jesus made. AT: "remembered what Jesus said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## all the rest ## +# the eleven and all the rest -"all the rest of the disciples that were with the eleven apostles" \ No newline at end of file +"all the rest of the disciples that were with the eleven apostles" + +# the eleven + +This is Luke's first reference to the eleven, because Judas left the twelve and betrayed Jesus. + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Luke gives the names of some of the women who came from the tomb and told the apostles what had happened there. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/11.md b/luk/24/11.md index f5d6b2823c..9ac55a60c0 100644 --- a/luk/24/11.md +++ b/luk/24/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## but this message seemed like idle talk to the apostles ## +# But this message seemed like idle talk to the apostles -"but the apostles thought that what the women said was foolish talk" +"But the apostles thought that what the women said was foolish talk" -## rose up ## +# Yet Peter -This is a Hebrew idiom that means "began to act." Whether Peter was sitting or standing when he decided to act is not important. It can also be translated as "started out." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase contrasts Peter to the other apostles. He did not dismiss what the women said, but ran to the tomb to see for himself. -## stooping ## +# rose up -"bending over" in order to look into the tomb +This is an idiom that means "began to act." Whether Peter was sitting or standing when he decided to act is not important. AT: "started out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the linen cloths by themselves ## +# stooping -"only the linen cloths" \ No newline at end of file +"bending over." Tombs cut in solid rock were very low. Peter had to bend over in order to see inside the tomb. + +# the linen cloths by themselves + +"only the linen cloths." This refers to the cloth that had been wrapped around Jesus' body when he was buried in [Luke 23:53](../23/52.md). It is implied that the body of Jesus was not there. AT: "the linen cloths in which Jesus' body had been wrapped, but Jesus was not there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# departed to his home + +"went away to his home" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/13.md b/luk/24/13.md index 8ce2cf06f3..cc0d465a00 100644 --- a/luk/24/13.md +++ b/luk/24/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Behold ## +# General Information: -This marks the beginning of another event different from the ones involving the women and Peter. +This is the next part of the story. Two of the disciples are on their way to Emmaus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## that very day ## +# Behold -"that same day" (UDB) +This word marks the beginning of the next part of the story. -## Emmaus ## +# two of them + +"two of the disciples" + +# that very day + +"that same day." This refers to the day when the women found the tomb to be empty. + +# Emmaus This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## sixty stadia ## +# sixty stadia -"eleven kilometers." A "stadium" was 185 meters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) \ No newline at end of file +"eleven kilometers." A "stadium" was 185 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/15.md b/luk/24/15.md index fa485b4661..86f40737c7 100644 --- a/luk/24/15.md +++ b/luk/24/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## It happened that ## +# It happened that This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. It starts with Jesus approaching them. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Jesus himself ## +# Jesus himself -The word "himself" focuses on Jesus and the surprise of Jesus actually appearing to them. So far the women had seen the angels, but no one had seen Jesus. +The word "himself" emphasizes the fact that the very Jesus they were talking about actually appeared to them. So far the women had seen the angels, but no one had seen Jesus. -## Their eyes were prevented from recognizing him ## +# their eyes were prevented from recognizing him -"Their eyes were kept from recognizing Jesus." The men's ability to recognize Jesus is spoken of as their eyes' ability to recognize him. It can also be translated as "They were kept from recognizing him" or "Something prevented them so they could not recognize him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"their eyes were kept from recognizing Jesus." The men's ability to recognize Jesus is spoken of as their eyes' ability to recognize him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "something prevented them so they could not recognize him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/17.md b/luk/24/17.md index 55a4f0f1f6..f7b6d4a117 100644 --- a/luk/24/17.md +++ b/luk/24/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Cleopas ## +# Jesus said to them + +"Jesus said to the two men" + +# Cleopas This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Are you the only person ## +# Are you the only person ... days? -"You" refers to Jesus, use you (singular). This is the beginning of a rhetorical question. Cleopas showed his surprise that Jesus appeared not to know about the things that had happened in Jerusalem. It can also be translated as "You must be the only person." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Cleopas uses this question to show his surprise that this man appeared not to know about the things that had happened in Jerusalem. AT: "You must be the only person ... days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Are you + +Here "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/19.md b/luk/24/19.md index 44f18ce2f9..f0d1be38c5 100644 --- a/luk/24/19.md +++ b/luk/24/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## "What things?" ## +# What things? "What things have happened?" or "What things have taken place?" -## mighty in deed and word before God and all the people ## +# mighty in deed and word before God and all the people -This means that God caused Jesus to be mighty and that the people saw that he was mighty. It can also be translated as "God gave him power to do and teach great things and the people were amazed." +This means that God caused Jesus to be mighty and that the people saw that he was mighty. AT: "and God gave him power to do and teach great things that were amazing to all the people" -## mighty in deed and word ## +# delivered him up -"able to do great things and teach great things" +"handed Jesus over to the Roman governor" -## delivered him up to be condemned to death ## +# to be condemned to death and crucified him -AT: "handed Jesus over to the Roman governor in order for the governor to put Jesus to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "in order for the governor to put Jesus to death by crucifying him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/21.md b/luk/24/21.md index 174adb60bf..54b64d4f2c 100644 --- a/luk/24/21.md +++ b/luk/24/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## he who would free Israel ## +# Connecting Statement: -The Jews were ruled by the Romans. The disciples meant "The one who would free Israel from their Roman enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The two men continue responding to Jesus. -## since these things came to pass ## +# who would free Israel -"since he was killed" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +The Romans ruled over the Jews. AT: "who would free the Israelites from our Roman enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yes, and besides all this + +This introduces another reason why they believed Jesus would not free Israel. AT: "Now that does not seem possible because" + +# the third day + +The Jews counted any portion of a day as a day. Therefore, the day Jesus was raised was the "third day" because it followed the day of his burial and the Sabbath day. See how you translated this in [Luke 24:7](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# since all these things happened + +"since all the many actions have taken place that led up to the death of Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/22.md b/luk/24/22.md index 52c6caec7e..17d90a11ea 100644 --- a/luk/24/22.md +++ b/luk/24/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## But also ## +# Connecting Statement: -The men considered the women's report to be a good thing, not another bad thing in addition to Jesus' death. +The two men finish responding to Jesus. -## having been at the tomb ## +# But also + +This introduces another reason why it the men did not understand what was happening concerning Jesus. + +# of our company + +"in our group" + +# having been at the tomb The women were the ones who were at the tomb. -## a vision of angels ## +# a vision of angels -"angels in a vision" \ No newline at end of file +"angels in a vision" + +# they did not see him + +"they did not see Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/25.md b/luk/24/25.md index e5df41219e..fe376a459e 100644 --- a/luk/24/25.md +++ b/luk/24/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Jesus said to them ## +# Jesus said to them -Use the dual form of "them." +Jesus was speaking to the two disciples. -## slow of heart to believe ## +# slow of heart to believe -AT: "your minds are slow to believe" or "you are slow to believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The "heart" was considered to be what enabled a person to make decisions. AT: "your minds are slow to believe" or "you are slow to believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Was it not necessary ## +# Was it not necessary ... glory? -This is a rhetorical question that means "It was necessary." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Jesus did right by suffering and would have done wrong by not suffering. +Jesus uses a question to remind the disciples about what the prophets said. AT: "It was necessary ... glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## to enter into his glory ## +# to enter into his glory -This refers to the time Jesus will show everyone his beauty and greatness and receive honor and worship. +This refers to Jesus beginning to rule and to receive honor and glory. -## Jesus interpreted to them ## +# beginning from Moses -Use the dual form of "them." \ No newline at end of file +Moses wrote the first books of the Bible. AT: "beginning with the writings of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Jesus interpreted to them + +"Jesus explained to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/28.md b/luk/24/28.md index f38e7e305a..c41b681816 100644 --- a/luk/24/28.md +++ b/luk/24/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## As they drew near ## - -"As they came near" (UDB) - -## he acted as though he would go further ## +# Jesus acted as though he was going further The two men understood from his actions that he was going on to another destination. Perhaps he kept walking on the road when they turned off to enter the gate into the village. There is no indication that Jesus deceived them with words. -## they compelled him ## +# they compelled him -"They strongly urged him." The Greek word means to use physical force over an extended time, but it seems to be hyperbole. It took them some time and effort to persuade him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +You may need to make explicit what they compelled him to do. This is probably an exaggeration to show that they needed to speak with him for a long time before they could change his mind. The word "compel" means to use physical force, but it seems that they persuaded him using only words. AT: "They were able to persuade him to stay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Jesus went in ## +# it is toward evening and the day is almost over + +The Jewish day ended at sundown. + +# Jesus went in "Jesus entered the house" -## stay with them ## +# stay with them -Use the dual form of "them." \ No newline at end of file +"stay with the two disciples" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/30.md b/luk/24/30.md index 2d6c0a8911..a4dd6f9e4e 100644 --- a/luk/24/30.md +++ b/luk/24/30.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## It happened ## +# It happened This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## Then their eyes were opened ## - -"then they understood" or "then they realized" - -## the bread ## +# the bread This refers to bread made without yeast. It does not refer to food in general. -## blessed it ## +# blessed it -This can be translated as "gave thanks for it" or "thanked God for it." +"gave thanks for it" or "thanked God for it" -## he vanished out of their sight ## +# Then their eyes were opened + +Their "eyes" represent their understanding. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then they understood" or "Then they realized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they knew him + +"they recognized him." These disciples knew him before his death. + +# he vanished out of their sight This means that suddenly he was no longer there. It does not mean that he became invisible. -## Was not our heart burning… ## +# Was not our heart burning ... scriptures? -"Our hearts were burning within us" (UDB). This is a rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +They use a question to emphasize how amazed they were about their encounter with Jesus. AT: "Our hearts were burning within us ... scriptures." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## our hearts burning within ## +# Was not our heart burning within us -This is a metaphor that describes the intense feelings they had while talking to Jesus. The question could be translated as "We had such intense feelings while he was speaking to us..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The intense feelings they had while talking to Jesus are spoken of as if they were a burning fire inside them. AT: "We had such intense feelings while he was speaking to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## within us ## +# within us -The two men were speaking to each other. So the word "us" is dual inclusive for languages that make these distinctions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pluralpronouns]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +The two men were speaking to each other. The word "us" is dual inclusive for languages that make these distinctions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## while he opened to us the scriptures ## +# while he opened to us the scriptures -"while he explained the scriptures to us." Jesus did not open a book or scroll. \ No newline at end of file +Jesus did not open a book or scroll. "opened" refers to their understanding. AT: "while he explained the scriptures to us" or "while he enabled us to understand the scriptures" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/33.md b/luk/24/33.md index 81a19e6a9e..cac2e608e2 100644 --- a/luk/24/33.md +++ b/luk/24/33.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## They rose up ## +# Connecting Statement: -"They" refers to the two men. Languages that have a dual form of "they" should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pluralpronouns]]) +The two men go to Jerusalem to the eleven disciples to tell them about Jesus. -## rose up ## +# They rose up + +"They" refers to the two men. + +# rose up "got up" or "stood up" -## the eleven ## +# the eleven ... and those who were with them, saying -This refers to Jesus' apostles. Judas was not with them. +"the eleven ... and those who were with them, and those people told the two men" -## saying, "The Lord is risen indeed ## +# the eleven -The eleven apostles and those who were with them were saying this. +This refers to Jesus' apostles. Judas was no longer included with them. -## So they told ## +# So they told -"so the two men told" +"So the two men told them" -## the things that happened on the way ## +# the things that happened on the way This refers to Jesus appearing to them while they were on their way to the village of Emmaus. -## how Jesus was known of them ## +# how Jesus was shown to them -This can be translated with an active verb as "how they recognized Jesus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "how they recognized Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in the breaking of the bread ## +# in the breaking of the bread "when Jesus broke the bread" or "when Jesus tore the bread" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/36.md b/luk/24/36.md index 0dd9ea2e3e..54b242a6c0 100644 --- a/luk/24/36.md +++ b/luk/24/36.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Jesus himself ## +# General Information: -The word “himself” focuses on Jesus and the surprise of Jesus actually appearing to them. Most of them had not seen him after his resurrection. +Jesus appears to the disciples. When the two men previously arrived at the house where the Eleven were, Jesus was not with them. -## in the midst of them ## +# Jesus himself -This can be translated as "where they could all see him." +The word "himself" focuses on Jesus and the surprise of Jesus actually appearing to them. Most of them had not seen him after his resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## Peace be to you ## +# in the midst of them -"May you have peace" or "May God give you peace!" (UDB) The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"among them" -## they were terrified and filled with fear ## +# Peace be to you -"they were startled and afraid" (UDB) +"May you have peace" or "May God give you peace!" The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## supposed that they saw a spirit ## +# But they were terrified -They did not yet truly understand that Jesus was really alive. +"But" indicates a strong contrast. Jesus told them to be at peace, but they were very afraid instead. -## a spirit ## +# terrified and filled with fear + +"startled and afraid." These two phrases mean about the same thing, and are used together to emphasize their fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# supposed that they saw a spirit + +"thought that they were seeing a ghost." They did not yet truly understand that Jesus was really alive. + +# a spirit Here it refers to the spirit of a dead person. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/38.md b/luk/24/38.md index 257bf37199..e164b93e74 100644 --- a/luk/24/38.md +++ b/luk/24/38.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Why are you troubled ## +# Why are you troubled? -This is a rhetorical question used to comfort them. It can be translated as "Do not be frightened." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus uses a question to comfort them. AT: "Do not be frightened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## And why do questions arise in your heart? ## +# Why do questions arise in your heart? -"Why do you doubt in your mind?" This rhetorical question is a mild rebuke. It can be translated as "Stop doubting in your heart." Jesus was telling them not to doubt that he was alive. This can be made explicit as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus uses a question to mildly rebuke them. Jesus was telling them not to doubt that he was alive. The word "heart" refers to their thinking. AT: "Do not doubt in your minds!" or "Stop doubting!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## flesh and bones ## +# Touch me and see ... see me having -This is a way of referring to the body. \ No newline at end of file +Jesus asks them to confirm by touch that he is not a ghost. It may be helpful to combine and reorder these two sentences. AT: "Touch me and feel that I have flesh and bones that a ghost would not have" + +# flesh and bones + +This is a way of referring to the physical body. + +# his hands and his feet + +It is understood that his hands and feet contained the nail marks from his crucifixion that would prove it was really Jesus. This can be made explicit. AT: "the wounds in his hands and his feet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/41.md b/luk/24/41.md index 431b9d89b0..121e6ebb59 100644 --- a/luk/24/41.md +++ b/luk/24/41.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## were still incredulous with joy ## +# They still could not believe it because of joy -"still could not believe that it was really true!" They were very excited, but at the same time, it was difficult for them to believe that it had really happened. +"They were full of joy, but they could not yet believe that it was really true" -## and wondered ## +# ate it before them -"and were amazed" (UDB) or "and wondered how this could be" +Jesus did this to prove that he had a physical body. Spirits would not be able to eat food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## before them ## +# before them -"in front of them" or "while they were watching" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"in front of them" or "while they were watching" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/44.md b/luk/24/44.md index 2b21c4bdf1..73c454b381 100644 --- a/luk/24/44.md +++ b/luk/24/44.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## When I was with you ## +# When I was with you "When I was with you before" -## all that was written in the law of Moses and the prophets and Psalms ## +# all that was written in the law of Moses and the prophets and the Psalms -This can be translated with an active verb: "all that Moses, the prophets, and the writers of the Psalms wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all that Moses, the prophets, and the writers of the Psalms wrote about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## all…must be fulfilled ## +# the prophets -"God would fulfill all" +"the writings of the prophets" -## all that was written ## +# must be fulfilled -"all that was written about me" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God would fulfill" or "God would cause to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/45.md b/luk/24/45.md index ae6256ad9e..9132a5645e 100644 --- a/luk/24/45.md +++ b/luk/24/45.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## He opened their minds ## +# Then he opened their minds, that they might understand the scriptures -"He enabled them to understand" (UBD) +To "open the mind" is an idiom that means to enable someone to understand. AT: "Then he enabled them to understand the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Thus it is written ## +# Thus it is written -AT: "This is what people long ago wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is what people long ago wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## repentance and forgiveness of sins should be preached ## +# from the dead ones -This can be translated with active verbs: "the Messiah's followers should preach that people need to repent and have God forgive their sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"from among the dead people" -## on the third day ## +# the third day -"after two nights" +The Jews counted any portion of a day as a day. Therefore, the day Jesus was raised was the "third day" because it followed the day of his burial and the Sabbath day. See how you translated this in [Luke 24:7](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## all the nations ## +# Repentance and forgiveness of sins should be preached in his name to all the nations -"all the ethnic communities" or "all the people-groups" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Christ's followers should preach to people in all the nations that they need to repent and they need God to forgive their sins through Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in his name + +His "name" here refers to his authority. AT: "by the Christ's authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all the nations + +"all the ethnic communities" or "all the people groups" + +# beginning from Jerusalem + +"starting in Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/48.md b/luk/24/48.md index 6bfc704d08..c304274945 100644 --- a/luk/24/48.md +++ b/luk/24/48.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## You are witnesses ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus continues speaking to the disciples. + +# You are witnesses "You are to tell others that what you saw about me is true." The disciples had observed Jesus' life, death and resurrection, and could describe what he did to other people. -## I send forth the promise of my Father upon you ## +# I am sending you what my Father promised -"I give you what my Father promised to give you" +"I will give you what my Father promised to give you." God had promised to give the Holy Spirit. The UDB makes this explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## clothed with power ## +# Father -"be empowered" or "receive power." God's power will cover them in the same way that clothes cover a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## from on high ## +# you are clothed with power + +God's power will cover them in the same way that clothes cover a person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you receive power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from on high "from above" or "from God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/50.md b/luk/24/50.md index 13fcf5936d..3771d375ae 100644 --- a/luk/24/50.md +++ b/luk/24/50.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## It happened ## +# Jesus led them out -"It came about" +"Jesus led the disciples outside the city" -## while he was blessing them ## +# He lifted up his hands -"While Jesus was asking God to do good to them" +This was the action that priests performed when they blessed the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## was carried ## +# It happened -Since Luke does not specify who carried Jesus up, we don't know if it was God himself or one or more angels. If your language has to specify who did the carrying, it would be best to go with the UDB "went." \ No newline at end of file +"It came about." This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# while he was blessing them + +"while Jesus was asking God to do good to them" + +# was carried + +Since Luke does not specify who carried Jesus up, we do not know if it was God himself or one or more angels. If your language has to specify who did the carrying, it would be best to use "went" as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/52.md b/luk/24/52.md index 4d37338872..b7817adf6d 100644 --- a/luk/24/52.md +++ b/luk/24/52.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## they worshiped him ## +# General Information: -This means to bow down, kneel or lie face down at the feet of another in reverence, humility, or awe. +These verses tell us about the ongoing actions of the disciples as the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## continually in the temple ## +# they worshiped him -They went into the temple courtyard every day. +"the disciples worshiped Jesus" -## blessing God ## +# and returned -"praising God" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"and then returned" + +# continually in the temple + +This is an exaggeration to express that they went into the temple courtyard every day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# in the temple + +Only priests were allowed into the temple building. AT: "in the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# blessing God + +"praising God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/24/intro.md b/luk/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..53457a16f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# Luke 24 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Faith of the women ##### +It appears Luke purposefully contrasts the faith of the women in this chapter with the twelve disciples. + +##### Resurrection ##### +Luke goes to great lengths in this chapter to defend Jesus's physical resurrection from the dead. Luke shows that it was not possible for another person to have died in Jesus' place. He also shows that the resurrection was not a metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Son of Man ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Every language may not have the ability to have a person refer to himself in the third person. + +##### "On the third day" ##### +Jesus is said to have risen from the dead on the third day. He died on a Friday afternoon (before sunset) and was raised on a Sunday. In ancient Israel, a day began and ended at sunset. They also counted any part of the day as a "day." + +##### A young man ##### +The gospel accounts differ as to how many men or angels appeared in this interaction. It is probably that the men were angels, but their number is unclear. It is best to translate this as it appears in the ULB without trying to reconcile these passages. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md), [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md), and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/11.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Luke 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/front/intro.md b/luk/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..201debe69a --- /dev/null +++ b/luk/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +# Introduction to the Gospel of Luke # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Luke #### + +1. Introduction and purpose for writing (1:1-–4) +1. Birth of Jesus and his preparation for his ministry (1:5-–4:13) +1. Jesus' ministry in Galilee (4:14––9:50) +1. Jesus' journey to Jerusalem + - Discipleship (9:51––11:13) + - Conflict and Jesus' grief (11:14––14:35) + - Parables and lost and found, honesty and dishonesty (15:1––16:31) + - Kingdom of God (17:1––19:27) + - Jesus' entry into Jerusalem (19:28––44) +1. Jesus in Jerusalem (19:45––21:4) +1. Jesus' teaching about his Second Coming (21:5––36) +1. Jesus' death, burial, and resurrection (22:1––24:53) + +#### What is the Gospel of Luke about? #### + +The Gospel of Luke is one of four books in the New Testament that describe some of the life of Jesus Christ, but that focus especially on his work. These four Gospels emphasize different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. Luke probably wrote this book to produce an accurate description of the life of Jesus. + +The Gospel of Luke is actually the first of two volumes written by Luke, with the book of Acts being his second book. Luke was apparently writing for Gentile readers. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "The Gospel of Luke" or "The Gospel according to Luke." Or they may choose a title that may be clearer, for example, "The Good News about Jesus that Luke wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Luke? #### + +This book does not give the readers the name of the author. Since early Christian times, however, it has been generally believed that the author was Luke, because he is the only person who could be included in the passages using the word "we." Luke was a medical doctor; his way of writing shows that he was an educated man. He was probably a Gentile who was friendly to Judaism, but he was not a convert to Judaism. He was probably not an eyewitness to Jesus' ministry, but he says that he talked to many people who were eyewitnesses. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What are the roles of women in the Gospel of Luke? #### + +In the ancient Near East, the role of women in society was often minimal. For example, in ancient Israel, a woman's testimony was not usually considered in a courtroom. In the Gospel of Luke, however, women play very clear and important roles. Luke often shows women who are more faithful to God than most men. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +#### Why does Luke spend a great deal of time recording the final week of Jesus' life? #### + +The life of Jesus is important as example for Christians to follow, but it is his sacrificial death and his resurrection that are of greatest importance to Christians. Luke's focus on the events immediately prior to Jesus's death emphasizes that Jesus willingly died for the sins of humanity. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What are the Synoptic Gospels? #### + +The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are called the Synoptic Gospels because they share a large amount of textual material. However, the authors often used the same accounts and the same teachings of Jesus to emphasize different aspects of his life, ministry, and message. + +When text is the same or almost the same among two or three gospels, it is said to be "parallel." When these parallel passages are translated, the wording in the project language should be kept the same as much as possible. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Luke? #### + +The text of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of manuscripts that many believe are more accurate. The follow are the most significant issues in Luke: + +* "Then an angel from heaven appeared to him, strengthening him. Being in agony, he prayed more earnestly, and his sweat became like great drops of blood falling down upon the ground." (22:43–44) The ULB and UDB include this passage, but some other versions do not. +* "Jesus said, "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing." (23:34) The ULB and UDB include this passage, but some other versions do not. + +The following passage is not included in many modern versions. Some versions put it into square brackets: + +* "For he was required to release one prisoner during the feast" (23:17) + +Translators are advised not to translate this passage. However, if older Bible versions exist in their region that have this passage, it is not wrong to translate it. If it is translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is probably not original to Luke's Gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/01.md b/mal/01/01.md index b877370565..b9db15d33d 100644 --- a/mal/01/01.md +++ b/mal/01/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,51 @@ -## The declaration of the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of Malachi ## +# The declaration of the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of Malachi -"Yahweh spoke these words to Israel through Malachi" +This can be expressed as a statement. "This is the declaration of the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of Malachi" -## by the hand of Malachi ## +# Yahweh -through the action of Malachi (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -## But you say, "How have you loved us?" ## +# by the hand of Malachi -This question indicates doubt, or questions the truth of God's words. God is using a question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: "But you say, 'You have not loved us!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The phrase "by the hand of" is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Malachi to deliver his message. AT: "through Malachi" or "spoken to them by Malachi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## declares Yahweh ## +# How have you loved us? + +This question indicates that the people doubt the truth of what God says. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "You have not shown that you love us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Was not Esau Jacob's brother? + +This question, a reply of Yahweh reminding the people of their nation's history, may also be expressed as a statement. AT: "You know that Esau was Jacob's brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# declares Yahweh "Yahweh has solemnly said this" -## I have loved Jacob ## +# I have loved Jacob -Yahweh chose to have a relationship with Jacob as his God. +Here "loved" implies a relationship of loyalty between Yahweh and Jacob, in which a covenant existed between them. This can be made explicit. AT: "as you know, I obligated myself with a covenant to love Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Esau I have hated ## +# I have loved Jacob -Yahweh rejected Esau. +This name "Jacob" refers here not only to Jacob, but also to all his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## I have made his mountains an abandoned devastation ## +# Esau I have hated -"I have made his mountains unfit to live in" +Here "hated" implies that there was no covenant between Yahweh and Esau. However, it does not imply that Yahweh was emotionally against Esau. -## and I have made his inheritance a place for the jackals of the wilderness ## +# Esau I have hated -"and I have made the lands he inherited a desert where only wild animals can live" \ No newline at end of file +This name "Esau" refers here not only to Esau, but also to all his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# his mountains + +This refers to the hill country of Edom. + +# I have made his inheritance a place for the jackals of the wilderness + +In the Old Testament, the presence of wild animals such as jackals was a frequent description of land deserted by the people who once lived there. + +# his inheritance + +Here "inheritance" stands for the region that Esau's descendants, the nation of Edom, occupied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/04.md b/mal/01/04.md index 331310c861..f11bdcedf8 100644 --- a/mal/01/04.md +++ b/mal/01/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## If Edom says ## +# If Edom says -"If the people of Edom say." +Here "Edom" stands for the people of Edom. AT: "If the people of Edom say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## but I will throw down ## +# I will throw down -"I will destroy it" +Here "throw down" stands for "destroy." AT: "I will destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and men will call them ## +# country of wickedness -"and men of other nations will call them" +Here "wickedness" stands either for wicked people or for wicked actions. AT: "country of wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## country of wickedness ## +# Your own eyes will see this -"country of wicked people" - -## Your own eyes will see this ## - -"You will see this happen"; that is, they will not need anyone to tell them what has happened. \ No newline at end of file +Here "your own eyes" stands for the people themselves. AT: "You yourselves will see this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/06.md b/mal/01/06.md index 2f13117b54..1d45a570e9 100644 --- a/mal/01/06.md +++ b/mal/01/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -Yahweh rebukes the priests using a rhetorical conversation in which the priests protest that they are doing right and Yahweh tells them how they are doing wrong. +# General Information: -## despise my name ## +Yahweh rebukes the priests using an imaginary conversation in which the priests protest that they are doing right and Yahweh tells them what they are doing wrong. -"treat me as though you hate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# despise my name -## But you say, 'How have we despised your name?' ## +Here "my name" stands for Yahweh himself. AT: "treat me as though you hate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"you priests say, 'How have we treated you as though we hate you?'" Alternate translation: "You have despised me but you say you have not!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# How have we despised your name? -## polluted bread ## +Here the priests are asking a question in order to state that they have not really despised Yahweh. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "We have not really despised your name." or "Tell us how we have despised your name, because we do not think that we have done so." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -food that was unacceptable for sacrifice +# polluted bread -## And you say, 'How have we polluted you?' ## +Here "polluted" describes anything that is not suitable to sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Alternate translation: "You think you have been acceptable to me but you have not!" +# How have we polluted you? -## table ## +Here the priests are asking a question in order to state that they have not really polluted Yahweh. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "We have not polluted you." or "Tell us how we have polluted you, because we do not think that we have done so." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -altar (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# polluted you + +This expression refers to insulting God by giving him unsuitable sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# table + +This refers to an altar. + +# By saying that Yahweh's table is contemptible + +This is the answer that Yahweh gives to the priests, but the full answer is only implied. This can be made explicit. AT: "You have polluted me by saying, 'Yahweh's table is contemptible.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# contemptible + +regarded as worthless \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/08.md b/mal/01/08.md index 2d677a5fc8..d7cdafcc6f 100644 --- a/mal/01/08.md +++ b/mal/01/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## Present that to your governor ## +# When you offer blind animals for sacrifice, is that not evil? -"If you present that to your governor" +Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement. This sentence functions as a rebuke to the people. AT: "You know very well that it is evil for you to offer blind animals for sacrifice!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Present ## +# When you offer the lame and sick, is that not evil? + +Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement. AT: "And you know very well that it is evil for you to offer the lame and sick!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Present that to your governor! + +Here Yahweh gives a command in order to express a conditional idea. AT: "If you present that to your governor," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# Will he accept you or will he lift up your face? + +Here Yahweh is asks this question in order to rebuke the people. AT: "If you do those things, you know that the governor will not accept you. He will not lift up your face." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# will he lift up your face + +Lifting up someone's face refers to accepting him with favor. AT: "will he accept you with favor" or "will he agree to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Present give as a gift to show respect -## will he accept you or will he show you favor? ## +# Now you keep asking the face of God, that he may be gracious to us -"will he be pleased with you?" This is a rebuke. Alternate translation: "he will certainly not be pleased with you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Malachi is no longer speaking for God. He is talking directly to the Israelites; he is criticizing them for daring to think that God will have mercy on them. -## And now, ...gracious to us ## +# keep asking the face of God -Malachi is no longer speaking for God. He is talking directly to the Israelites. +Here "face" stands for God and also for his presence. AT: "keep asking God in his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## With such an offering on your part, will he receive any of you kindly? ## +# with such an offering in your hand, would he lift up any of your faces? -"When you offer unacceptable sacrifices, will God be pleased with you?" This is a rebuke. Alternate translation: "If you offer unacceptable offerings, God will certainly not be pleased with you!" \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement of rebuke. AT: "if you offer unacceptable offerings, God will certainly not lift up your faces." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with such an offering in your hand + +This difficult phrase in Hebrew is interpreted in many different ways by modern versions. + +# in your hand + +Here "hand" stands for the people bringing the offering. AT: "brought by you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/10.md b/mal/01/10.md index 7f4234b5a8..bdbd360595 100644 --- a/mal/01/10.md +++ b/mal/01/10.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Oh, if only ## +# Oh, if only This expresses great desire. -## so that you might not light fires on my altar in vain ## +# so that you might not light fires on my altar in vain -"so that you might not make fires to burn offerings and sin by offering worthless sacrifices" +Here "light fires on my altar" stands for offering sacrifices on Yahweh's altar. AT: "so that you might not make fires to burn offerings that I will not accept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## from your hand ## +# from your hand -"from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "your hand" stands for "you." AT: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## my name ## +# from the rising of the sun to its setting -"me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This double expression means "everywhere." It is parallel to "among the nations" and "in every place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## from the rising of the sun to its setting ## +# my name will be great among the nations -"everywhere," parallel with "among the nations" and "in every place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here "my name" stands for Yahweh's reputation and honor. AT: "I will be honored in other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## My name will be great among the nations ## +# in every place incense and pure offerings will be offered in my name -"I will be honored in other nations" +This may be expressed in active form. AT: "in these nations people will offer incense and pure offerings to me in order to worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in every place incense will be offered to my name ## +# in my name -"in these nations people will offer incense to me in worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" stands for Yahweh. AT: "to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# its fruit, its food + +Possible meanings are 1) "the meat sacrificed on the altar from animals whose other parts the priests should eat" or 2) "the meat sacrificed on the altar." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/13.md b/mal/01/13.md index 0982a5f67e..10d1daf5b1 100644 --- a/mal/01/13.md +++ b/mal/01/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## disdainfully snort ## +# snort at it show great disrespect by making noises through the nose (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Should I accept this from your hand?" ## +# Should I accept this from your hand? -Should I accept this from you?" This is a rebuke. Alternate translation: "I should certainly not accept this from you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). +Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement of rebuke. AT: "I should certainly not accept this from you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Cursed be the deceiver, who has a male animal in his flock and vows to give it to me ## +# from your hand -"I will cause bad things to happen to anyone who lies to me who has a physically perfect male animal in his herd and promises to give it to me as an offering" +Here "your hand" stands for "you." AT: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## and yet sacrifices to me, the Lord, what is flawed ## +# my name will be honored among the nations -"and then sacrifices to me, the Lord, an animal that is not physically perfect" \ No newline at end of file +This may be expressed in active form. AT: "people in the other nations honor my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my name will be honored + +Here "my name" stands for Yahweh. AT: "I will be honored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/intro.md b/mal/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9dc8ccd614 --- /dev/null +++ b/mal/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Malachi 01 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh of hosts ##### +This is an important title used in this chapter. It reminds the reader of the great power Yahweh has to punish the nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. They all have a rather dramatic effect. They increase the emotional connotations of what is being said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Malachi 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Malachi intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/01.md b/mal/02/01.md index 39a270d3f4..529a9c0bc9 100644 --- a/mal/02/01.md +++ b/mal/02/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## take it to heart ## +# lay it on your heart -“make it very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to considering something to be very important. AT: "consider it to be very important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# give honor to my name + +The abstract noun "honor" can be stated as a verb. AT: "honor my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my name + +Here this expression refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will send a curse on you + +The abstract noun "curse" can be stated as a verb. AT: "I will curse you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you are not laying my command on your heart + +This refers to considering God's command to be very important. AT: "you are not considering my command to be very important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/03.md b/mal/02/03.md index d68c9f0bc6..1bb1f1842d 100644 --- a/mal/02/03.md +++ b/mal/02/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## and I will spread dung on your faces ## +# I will spread dung on your faces -"I will most certainly treat you with disrespect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "dung on your faces" stands for disgrace. AT: "I will most certainly put you in deep disgrace; it will be as bad as if I had spread dung on your faces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you will be taken away with it ## +# the dung from your festivals -"they will throw you on the dung pile with it" +Here "festivals" stands for the animals that the priests offered in sacrifice at the Israelite festivals. "The dung" probably refers both to the dung that was produced by the animals just before they were slaughtered for sacrifice, and to the dung that was found inside the animals when their bodies were cut apart before being sacrificed. Temple workers had to transport this dung to a place outside of the temple, and probably outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Levi ## +# he will take you away with it -Yahweh speaks of the tribe of Levi (see UDB) as though they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This difficult expression can be translated as "God will take you away with it," that is, with the dung. This expression continues the same metaphor of slaughtering animals for sacrifice, and it can be put in active form. AT: "they will throw you on the dung pile; God will make sure that they take you away when they remove all the dung" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he will take you away with it + +Possible meanings of this expression are 1) God will punish the unfaithful priests by killing them and causing their bodies to be carried away on the piles of animal dung, or 2) God will punish the unfaithful priests in such a horrible way that it will be as if their bodies had been carried away with the animal dung. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Levi + +Here Levi represents his descendants, the tribe of Levi. AT: "so that my covenant may be with you, the descendants of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/05.md b/mal/02/05.md index d3ad86db50..8bef433125 100644 --- a/mal/02/05.md +++ b/mal/02/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,51 @@ -Yahweh speaks of the tribe of Levi as though they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# General Information: -## My covenant with him was one of life and peace ## +Yahweh speaks of the tribe of Levi as though they are Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: “The purpose of my covenant with Levi was for the priests to live in prosperity and peace” +# My covenant with him was life and peace -## I gave these things to him as things to honor me for ## +Here the intended results of the covenant are spoken of as if they were the covenant itself. AT: "The purpose of my covenant with Levi was for the priests to live in prosperity and peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -“I gave these things to him so that he would honor me” +# fear, and he feared me -## lips ## +This expression continues the same metaphor, but leaves out an idea that is implied in the text. This can begin a new sentence. AT: "My covenant with him was also fear, and he feared me" or "In my covenant with him, I required him to fear me, and he did fear me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -ability to speak and inform people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# in awe of my name -## guard ## +Here "my name" stands for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"preserve" (see UDB) \ No newline at end of file +# nothing false was found + +Here finding something stands for that thing existing. AT: "there was no falsehood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on his lips + +Here "lips" stands for a person's ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He walked with me + +Here walking stands for living, conducting one's life in a certain way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in peace and uprightness + +Here the idea of location stands for the manner in which Levi lived. AT: "peacefully and uprightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he turned many away from sin + +Here persuading people to stop sinning is spoken of as if it were turning them away from sin. AT: "he persuaded many people to stop sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For a priest's lips should keep knowledge + +Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that a priest could keep. In this passage, the idea of "keep knowledge" implies communicating true knowledge about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lips + +Here "lips" stands for a person's ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seek instruction + +Here instruction is spoken of as if it were an object that people could look for. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "instruction." AT: "want to be instructed" or "want a priest to teach them truly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# from his mouth + +Here "mouth" stands for what a person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/08.md b/mal/02/08.md index ffb3f74032..cb69ba72f3 100644 --- a/mal/02/08.md +++ b/mal/02/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## contemptible and vile before all the people ## +# you have turned away from the true path -AT: "the people hated and did not respect the priests." +The right way to behave is spoken of as if it were the right path to follow, and abandoning right conduct is spoken of as if it were turning away from that path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## shown partiality in your instruction ## +# You have caused many to stumble -AT:: "the priests gave easy standards of behavior to people they liked and difficult standards of behavior to people they didn't like." \ No newline at end of file +Disobeying God is spoken of as if it were stumbling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You have caused many to stumble with respect to the law + +The expression "with respect to the law" gives the context for the "stumbling." AT: "You have caused many to disobey the law" + +# before all the people + +This spatial idea stands for the people's awareness of the priests' evil behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# kept my ways + +Here "ways" stands for "desires" and "behavior." These ways are spoken of as if they were things that could be kept by people. AT: "followed my desires in how you should live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# shown partiality with regard to the instruction + +"set easy standards of behavior for people you like and difficult standards of behavior for people you do not like" + +# shown partiality + +Here the habit of favoring some people more than others is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be shown to others. AT: "made people aware that you favor some people more than others (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/10.md b/mal/02/10.md index 5e682dfb9b..1ebad07ac3 100644 --- a/mal/02/10.md +++ b/mal/02/10.md @@ -1,27 +1,51 @@ -## Do we not all have one father? Has not one God created us? ## +# General Information: -These questions are rebukes. AT: "We certainly all have one father, our God who created us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here the prophet Malachi begins to speak to his fellow Israelites. -## Why do we deal treacherously each against his brother, profaning the covenant of our fathers? ## +# Is there not one father for us all? Has not one God created us? -This is also a rebuke. AT: "We should certainly not mistreat our brothers and disrespect God's covenant by disobeying his commands!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Malachi asks these questions in order to remind his fellow Israelites about what they already know. AT: "You know that we all have one father, that our God has created a nation out of us." or "You all know that God is the father of all us Israelites, because he is the one who made our nation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## dealt treacherously ## +# Has not one God created us? -disobeyed God +This question is meant to express a statement. AT: "Certainly it is the same God who has created us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## For Judah has profaned the sanctuary of Yahweh ## +# created us -"The men of Judah have disrespected God's temple" +This probably refers to God forming the Hebrews into a nation. -## and has married the daughter of a foreign god ## +# Why are we faithless each man against his brother, profaning the covenant of our fathers? -"and they have married women from other nations who worship idols." +Malachi asks this question in order to rebuke his fellow Israelites. This question may be expressed as a statement. AT: "We should certainly not mistreat our brothers and disrespect God's covenant by disobeying his commands, as you have been doing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## any descendant of the man that does this ## +# Judah has been faithless -"any of the man's children and grandchildren who also behave this way" +Here "Judah" stands for the people in the region of Judah, and the fact that they have been faithless to Yahweh is spoken of as if they were one man named "Judah." AT: "The people of Judah have been faithless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## even one who brings an offering to Yahweh of Hosts ## +# A disgusting thing has been committed in Israel and in Jerusalem -"even if the sinful man brings an offering to God but has not repented of his sin" \ No newline at end of file +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "People have done disgusting things in Israel and in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For Judah has profaned the holy place of Yahweh + +Here "Judah" refers again to the people of Israel. AT: "For the people of Judah have profaned the holy place of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has married the daughter of a foreign god + +The people of Judah are again referred to as if they were one man named "Judah." AT: "have married women from other nations, women who worship idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May Yahweh cut off from the tents of Jacob the man who + +Destroying something is often spoken of as it were cutting it off from something else. AT: "May Yahweh destroy anyone in the tents of Jacob who" or "May Yahweh kill anyone in the community of Israel who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the tents of Jacob + +Here "tents of Jacob" stands for the community of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Jacob + +Here "Jacob" stands for all the Israelites, because Jacob was one of the patriarchs from whom the Israelites were descended. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the one who is awake and the one who answers + +This expression seems to mean "absolutely everyone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/13.md b/mal/02/13.md index 23ae193816..2074a80336 100644 --- a/mal/02/13.md +++ b/mal/02/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## with weeping and sighing ## +# General Information: -Consider using only one term that covers the meaning of both. AT: "with great weeping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Malachi continues to speak to his fellow Israelites. -## from your hand ## +# You cover the altar of Yahweh with tears -AT: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This sarcastically exaggerates the amount of tears the people cry to show that Yahweh knows that the people do not really feel sad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# with weeping and sighing + +The words "weeping" and "sighing" share similar meanings and intensify the idea of weeping. AT: "with great weeping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# does not turn toward the offering + +Here turning toward a gift stands for receiving it and showing favor to the giver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# does not turn toward the offering + +This implies that those who are weeping at Yahweh's altar have offered sacrifices to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from your hand + +Here "hand" stands for the person giving the offering. AT: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/14.md b/mal/02/14.md index 4216b4311e..210411781d 100644 --- a/mal/02/14.md +++ b/mal/02/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,47 @@ -## covers his garment with violence ## +# Why does he not? -is very violent (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The full thought is "Why does he not turn toward the offering or accept it with favor from our hand?" (See: [Malachi 2:13](./13.md)) Some translators may decide to provide this entire thought in their versions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## So guard yourselves in your spirit and do not be faithless. ## +# the wife of your youth -AT: "So be absolutely determined to be loyal to your wife!" \ No newline at end of file +"the woman you married when you were young" + +# Yahweh was a witness between you and the wife of your youth + +This statement assumes that this woman is still living. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# a witness between you and the wife of your youth + +Here a witness to an agreement between two people is thought of as standing between them in order to testify about what they agreed to, in case a dispute arises between the two people. This sentence also was meant to remind the people that Yahweh would punish any Israelite who broke the covenant of marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Did he not make them one, with a portion of his spirit? + +This question may be expressed as a statement. AT: "He certainly made husband and wife one, with a portion of his spirit." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# make them one + +This expression implies making husband and wife one flesh. AT: "make husband and wife one flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# an offspring from God + +Children who would honor and obey God. + +# she was your companion and your wife by covenant + +This statement implies that many of the Israelites had divorced their wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# by covenant + +"by the covenant of marriage that you agreed to" + +# I hate divorce + +Here "divorce" stands for the act of divorce, when a man sends away his wife, so as to end his marriage to her. AT: "I hate it when a man divorces his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the one who covers his garment with violence + +This phrase probably means any man who is violent toward his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# So guard yourselves in your spirit and do not be faithless + +"So be careful to be loyal to your wife" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/17.md b/mal/02/17.md index 1aa6f4699e..60f07321f1 100644 --- a/mal/02/17.md +++ b/mal/02/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## "Where is the God of justice?" ## +# You have wearied Yahweh -The priests are rebuking God. AT: "God certainly does not show justice against evil people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is spoken of as if human behavior could make him tired, but God cannot grow weary in a physical or emotional sense. This statement probably means that Yahweh has become offended or exasperated. AT: "You have offended Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# How have we wearied him? + +This question is meant to deny that the people have done any wrong. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "We have certainly not wearied him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# By saying + +The complete idea here is, "You have wearied him by saying." This is the prophet's answer to the rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the eyes + +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "in the opinion" or "in the judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Where is the God of justice? + +The priests ask this question in order to claim either that Yahweh does not care whether people do evil or not, or that he never punishes evildoers. AT: "God certainly does not punish evil people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the God of justice + +the God who punishes evildoers justly \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/intro.md b/mal/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..344c08e9d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/mal/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Malachi 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Levites ##### +The priests are given a strong warning in this chapter. They have not followed the law of Moses and have led the people in the wrong direction. Yahweh has not accepted their sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Marital unfaithfulness ##### +Because the Jews lived under a covenantal arrangement with Yahweh, their relationship is described using the imagery of a marriage. Marital unfaithfulness indicates a person's unfaithfulness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Malachi 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/01.md b/mal/03/01.md index 60ec14e60f..3e968a8d33 100644 --- a/mal/03/01.md +++ b/mal/03/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,55 @@ -Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## See ## +Yahweh begins speaking again to the people of Israel in verse 1, but the prophet Malachi begins speaking in verse 2. -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +# See -## But who can endure the day of his coming? And who will stand when he appears? ## +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -AT: "Absolutely no one is going to be able to resist Yahweh. +# he will prepare the way before me -## For he is like a refiner’s fire, and like laundry soap. ## +Here getting people ready to welcome Yahweh is spoken of as if a road were being cleared for Yahweh to travel on. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -God is comparing his ability to rule the people and to cleanse them from sin to the power of a strong soap to clean clothes or the power of fire to melt an object. It is another way of saying that God's power to do this is unstoppable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# Then the Lord, whom you seek ... The messenger of the covenant in whom you delight -## and he will purify the sons of Levi ## +Some modern versions translate so as to imply that these two expressions refer to the same person. Other modern versions leave this question ambiguous. We recommend that translations leave this matter ambiguous, as do the ULB and UDB. -"and he will correct and cleanse the sons of Levi from sin" +# The messenger of the covenant -## He will refine them like gold and silver ## +Almost all versions leave ambiguous the sense of this expression. But translators may need to make explicit the relationship between "messenger" and "the covenant." The UDB presents "the messenger" as one promised by the covenant that Yahweh had with Israel. Another choice is to present the messenger as a person who will either confirm that covenant or announce a new covenant. -God will remove sin from the Levites to make them more pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]). +# But who will be able to endure the day of his coming? Who will be able to stand when he appears? -## and they will bring offerings of righteousness to Yahweh ## +These rhetorical questions imply that no one will be able to resist Yahweh when he comes. They can be combined into one statement. AT: "However, no one will be able to resist Yahweh when he comes to judge them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"and they will bring acceptable offerings of worship to Yahweh." \ No newline at end of file +# the day of his coming + +Here "day" stands for "time." AT: "the time when he comes" + +# be able to stand + +Here standing represents resisting someone's attack or accusations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For he will be like a refiner's fire and like laundry soap + +This sentence gives the reason why no one will be able to resist God when he comes. God's power to judge the people and to stop them from sinning is spoken of as if it were the power of strong soap to clean clothes, or the power of fire to melt an object. These are ways of saying that God's power to do these things cannot be stopped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he will purify the sons of Levi + +Forgiving the sons of Levi and persuading them not to sin any longer is spoken of as if it were purifying metal. AT: "he will correct the sons of Levi and forgive them for having sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sons of Levi + +Here "sons" refers to descendants. The male descendants of Levi were the priests and workers in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will sit + +Here sitting implies the action of a metalworker, who sits down in order to purify small amounts of gold or silver. It also implies the action of a king, who sits down to judge people and give decrees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He will refine them like gold and silver + +Here persuading people not to sin any longer is spoken of as if a metalworker were making gold and silver more pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]). + +# they will bring offerings of righteousness to Yahweh + +Here "of righteousness" means "motivated by righteous desires to worship God." AT: "they will bring acceptable offerings to Yahweh in order to worship Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/04.md b/mal/03/04.md index f599b9c8ce..198fd5e8a3 100644 --- a/mal/03/04.md +++ b/mal/03/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## as in the days of old, and as in ancient years ## +Malachi continues speaking in verse 4, but Yahweh begins speaking again in verse 5. -AT: "as it was in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +# the offering of Judah and Jerusalem -## draw near ## +Here "Judah" and "Jerusalem" stand for the people in those places. AT: "the offerings brought by the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"come close" +# as in the days of old, and as in ancient years -## oppress the hired worker in his wages ## +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the offering was once pleasing to Yahweh. AT: "as it was in the distant past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"do not pay the hired worker the wages due him" +# Then I will approach you for judgment -## turn away the foreigner from his rights ## +Here "judgment" refers to the act of judging. AT: "Then I will approach you in order to judge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -deny foreigners living in the community the rights that the local people have \ No newline at end of file +# oppress the hired worker in his wages + +"cause the hired worker to suffer by not paying him for his work" + +# turn away the foreigner + +That is, turning away the foreigner from gaining his rights. Depriving people of their rights is spoken of as if it were physically turning them away from oneself. Perhaps the idea is turning away someone who comes for a wrong to be set right. AT: "deny foreigners living in Israel the rights that they should have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/06.md b/mal/03/06.md index a456b93ef7..982c7e8ce7 100644 --- a/mal/03/06.md +++ b/mal/03/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## From the days of your fathers you have turned aside from my ordinances and have not kept them ## +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. -"You have disobeyed my commands ever since the days of your ancestors" +# have not come to an end -## "How will we return?" ## +"have not perished" -"We have never gone away from you, so we cannot return to you." (See UDB) \ No newline at end of file +# From the days of your fathers you have turned aside from my ordinances and have not kept them + +Disobeying God's ordinances is spoken of as if it were turning away from them. AT: "You have disobeyed my ordinances ever since the days of your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Return to me, and I will return to you + +Here loving each other and being faithful to each other is spoken of as if it were returning to each other. AT: "Love me and honor me, and I will always help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# How will we return? + +The people ask this question in order to claim that they have never stopped obeying God. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "We have never gone away from you, so we cannot return to you." or "We have never gone away from you, so it makes no sense to speak of us as returning to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/08.md b/mal/03/08.md index f80836511c..8c2ed26bd5 100644 --- a/mal/03/08.md +++ b/mal/03/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## Will a man rob God? ## +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. -This is a rebuke. AT: "A man should certainly not rob God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Would a person rob God? + +This question implies that the idea of robbing God is very wicked. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "A man should certainly not rob God." or "No one should ever rob me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# How have we robbed you? + +This question implies that the people do not think they have robbed God. AT: "We have certainly not robbed you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# In tithes and offerings + +This reply from Yahweh implies a fuller answer. AT: "You have robbed me by withholding from me your tithes and offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You are cursed with a curse + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have certainly cursed you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you are robbing me, the whole nation + +Here "nation" stands for the people to whom Yahweh is speaking. AT: "all of you in the whole nation are robbing me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/10.md b/mal/03/10.md index 20274e335d..2d1654195c 100644 --- a/mal/03/10.md +++ b/mal/03/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## the full tithe ## +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. + +# the full tithe "all the tithes" -## my house ## +# my house -"my temple" +Here "house" stands for the temple. AT: "my temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## And test me now in this...if I will not open to you the windows of heaven ## +# and test me now in this ... if I do not open to you the windows of heaven -"If you test me...I will open up the windows of heaven" +Here the command "test me" stands for something that the people can do and should do: "if you test me." This can be divided into two sentences also. AT: "And if you test me ... I will open up the windows of heaven" or "And you should test me ... If you do, I will open up the windows of heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## rebuke the devourer ## +# All the nations will call you blessed -control insects and disease \ No newline at end of file +Here to be called blessed stands for being blessed. AT: "All the nations will know that you have been blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# All the nations + +This expression stands for the people in all the nations. AT: "The people in all the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a land of delight + +Here "delight" stands for the condition in which the inhabitants of a land take delight in their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/13.md b/mal/03/13.md index 3de0da89bb..f22e5a9a42 100644 --- a/mal/03/13.md +++ b/mal/03/13.md @@ -1,5 +1,35 @@ -Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## they tempt God and escape ## +These verses begin a new section in the book. Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -they try to make him angry, but he does not punish them" \ No newline at end of file +# Your words against me have been strong + +Here "strong" stands for "harsh" or "terrible." And "Your words" stands for "What you have said." AT: "What you have said about me is terrible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# What have we said among ourselves against you? + +The people ask this question in order to claim that they have said nothing against God. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "We have not said anything among ourselves against you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What profit is it that we have kept his requirements or walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts? + +The people ask this question among themselves in order to make a statement. AT: "It is useless that we have kept his requirements and walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts + +Here "walk mournfully" stands for "behave in a sorrowful manner," probably in order to indicate sorrow over their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before Yahweh of hosts + +Here this expression refers to God being aware of what the people were doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we call the arrogant blessed + +Here to be called "blessed" stands for being blessed. AT: "we say that the arrogant are blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we call the arrogant blessed + +This may be stated in active form. AT: "we say that the arrogant are well off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# escape + +That is, "they escape God's punishment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/16.md b/mal/03/16.md index fd186b0c22..ea1a401462 100644 --- a/mal/03/16.md +++ b/mal/03/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## and a book of remembrance was written before him for those who feared Yahweh ## +# General Information: -This can mean 1) the Israelites wrote a book so they would remember what they had promised and the names of people who fear Yahweh (see UDB) or 2) Yahweh caused someone in heaven to write a book with the names of people who fear Yahweh. +The event described here may have taken place after the godly people in Israel repented of their sins. -## book of remembrance ## +# a book of remembrance was written before him about those who feared Yahweh -book to help people remember important things +This can mean 1) the Israelites wrote a book so they would remember what they had promised and listed the names of people who feared Yahweh or 2) Yahweh caused someone in heaven to write a book with the names of people who feared him. -## esteemed his name ## +# book of remembrance -respected him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This expression refers to any book that helps people remember important things, such as events or people who lived in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# honored his name + +Here "his name" stands for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/17.md b/mal/03/17.md index aa146983ab..a700985271 100644 --- a/mal/03/17.md +++ b/mal/03/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## They will be mine ## +# They will be mine "They will be my people" -## my own treasured possession ## +# my own treasured possession -"my own special treasure" +Here "possession" refers to one's personal property. This idea can be expressed with a verb. AT: "they will belong completely to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## I act ## +# I act -"I judge" +This expression refers to the time when Yahweh will judge and punish the rebellious Israelites, giving victory to the faithful Israelites. (See: [Malachi 4:1-3](../04/01.md)) -## distinguish between ## +# distinguish between -see a difference between or treat differently \ No newline at end of file +"see a difference between" or "treat differently" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/intro.md b/mal/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c514ad227a --- /dev/null +++ b/mal/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Malachi 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Messiah ##### +There are several prophecies in this chapter concerning the messiah and the one who comes before the messiah. At times, this chapter switches between prophesying about the first coming of the messiah and the second coming of the messiah without formal divisions between them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Several rhetorical questions are used in this chapter to convince the reader of the truth of what he is saying and of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Malachi 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/04/01.md b/mal/04/01.md index ac5bfffa5f..0603118185 100644 --- a/mal/04/01.md +++ b/mal/04/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,51 @@ -## see ## +# see -AT: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +"look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## the day is coming, burning like a furnace ## +# the day is coming, burning like a furnace -"the day of judgment is coming, and I will punish evil people the way farmers burn chaff and straw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The disaster occurring at this time is spoken of as if the day itself were burning. God's judgment is often spoken of as if it were a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## proud...evildoers ## +# arrogant ... evildoers -Translate these as you did "arrogant" and "evildoers" in [Malachi 3:13](../03/13.md). +See how you translated these wordsd in [Malachi 3:15](../03/13.md). -## become stubble ## +# all the arrogant and all the evildoers will become stubble -"burn up like dry plants" +These people are spoken of as if they will become dried-up plants fit only for being burned. It is common for the Bible to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. AT: "all the arrogant and all the evildoers will burn up like dry plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The day that is coming will burn them up ## +# The day that is coming will burn them up -"On that day I will burn them up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "the day" stands for the events that will occur on that day. AT: "On that day I will burn them up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## it will leave them neither root nor branch ## +# it will leave them neither root nor branch -"nothing will be left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This expression continues to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. So being deprived of all roots and branches stands for being completely killed off. AT: "nothing will be left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings ## +# you who fear my name -This can mean 1) Yahweh, who always acts righteously, will come and heal his people on that day (see UDB) or 2) on that day Yahweh will reveal the people's righteousness and heal them. +Here "my name" stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## wings ## +# the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings -rays \ No newline at end of file +This can mean 1) Yahweh, who always acts righteously, will come and heal his people on that day or 2) on that day Yahweh will reveal the people's righteousness and heal them. + +# healing in its wings + +Possible meanings are 1) the act of healing someone is spoken of as if it were an object that the sun carried to people by means of its wings or 2) the healing takes place under the wings, that is, in the security God gives his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# wings + +It was common in the Ancient Near East to speak of the sun as if it had wings, with which it moved across the sky. Possible meanings are 1) the sun's life-giving rays of light are spoken of as if they were its wings or 2) the wings are said to cover God's people so as to give them peace and safey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You will go out, and you will leap like calves from the stall + +Here the redeemed people of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were young bulls released from their stalls, allowed to go out into their pasture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you will trample down the wicked, for they will be ashes under the soles of your feet + +Here the victory of God's people is spoken of as if they were walking over the burned bodies of their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will be ashes + +The Israelites' enemies are spoken of as having been burned to ashes. (See: [Malachi 4:01](./01.md)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/04/04.md b/mal/04/04.md index 584e9664af..f2391bb3a9 100644 --- a/mal/04/04.md +++ b/mal/04/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,35 @@ -## Horeb ## +# Remember the teaching of my servant Moses that I gave him -another name for Sinai \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "teaching" can be stated as "taught." AT: "Remember what I taught my servant Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Remember + +Here "Remember" stands for "Think about" and, at the same time, "Obey." + +# Horeb + +This is another name for Sinai. + +# all Israel + +Here "all Israel" is a reference to all the people in the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the statutes + +These are the laws that God gave Israel for all time. + +# the rulings + +These are legal decisions meant to make clear how the general statutes apply to everyday life. + +# the coming of the great and fearful day of Yahweh + +Here the occurrence of this day is spoken of as if it were coming. AT: "before the great and fearful day of Yahweh happens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the great and fearful day of Yahweh + +This expression refers to any time in which Yahweh acts decisively. + +# He will turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers + +Here changing how people think is spoken of as if it were turning their hearts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/04/intro.md b/mal/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..42a38a6555 --- /dev/null +++ b/mal/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Malachi 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Last days ##### +Although the Jews may have hoped these prophecies referenced a time in the near future to them, the prophecies of this chapter exclusively relate to the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Malachi 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/front/intro.md b/mal/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..11854803d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/mal/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# Introduction to Malachi # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +===Outline of Malachi=== + +1. The authority of the prophecy: The word of Yahweh (1:1) +1. The love of Yahweh for Israel, and his rejection of Esau (Edom) (1:2–5) +1. A message against the priests (1:6–2:9) +1. A message against Judah: they have broken faith, in divorce and intermarriage (2:10–16) +1. A message about the day of judgment (2:17–3:6) +1. A message about the tithe (3:7–12) +1. A message about those who were treated shamefully by others, but who were faithful to Yahweh (3:13–18) +1. Encouragement to remember that Yahweh will punish the wicked and that he will send Elijah before the "great and terrible day of Yahweh" (4:5–6) + +===What is the Book of Malachi about?=== + +The Book of Malachi is a collection of messages from God for the Jews who had returned from Babylon to Judah and Jerusalem. Although the Jews had by this time built a new temple, they were demoralized and in great need of encouragement. Many of them had also been unfaithful to God's law in various ways that Malachi criticized them for. However, Malachi also provided them with the promise that God would come and purify them so that they would worship him in sincerity and faithfulness. + +===How should the title of this book be translated?=== + +"The Book of Malachi" may also be called the "The Book about Malachi" or "The Sayings of Malachi." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Malachi? #### + +The prophet named Malachi brought these messages from Yahweh to the Jews. However, since "Malachi" means "my messenger," it is possible that this was a title for this prophet. If so, his real name is not known to us. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was meant by the day of Yahweh? #### + +The expression "the day of Yahweh" has various meanings in the Old Testament, but it always means a day or a time in which Yahweh acted in some manner. For Malachi, the day of the Yahweh meant the future time when Yahweh would judge his people and also rescue them from their own sins and from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/manifest.yaml b/manifest.yaml index e7e4ca34c4..ef620b1720 100644 --- a/manifest.yaml +++ b/manifest.yaml @@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ dublin_core: source: - identifier: tn language: en - version: '1' + version: '2' subject: Translator Notes title: translationNotes type: help - version: '2' + version: '6' projects: - categories: [] identifier: 2th diff --git a/mat/01/01.md b/mat/01/01.md index 0c6a7abdb4..59fabfda06 100644 --- a/mat/01/01.md +++ b/mat/01/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -17 list the ancestors of Jesus Christ. +# General Information: -## the son of David, the son of Abraham ## +The author begins with Jesus' genealogy in order to show that he is a descendant of King David and of Abraham. The genealogy continues through [Matthew 1:17](./15.md). -Alternate translation: "a descendant of David, who was a descendant of Abraham." There were many generations between Abraham and his descendant David, and between David and his descendant Jesus. "Son of David" is used as a title in [Matthew 9:27](../09/27.md) and other places, but here it seems to be used only to identify Jesus' ancestry. +# The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ -## Abraham was the father of Isaac ## +You could translate this as a complete sentence. AT: "This is the list of the ancestors of Jesus Christ." -Alternate translation: "Abraham became the father of Isaac" or "Abraham had a son Isaac" or "Abraham had a son named Isaac." It may be more clear for your readers if you choose one way of saying this and use it throughout the rest of the list. +# son of David son of Abraham -## Tamar ## +There were many generations between Jesus, David, and Abraham. Here "son" means "descendant." AT: "a descendant of David, who was a descendant of Abraham" -Languages that have masculine and feminine forms of names should use a feminine form for her name. \ No newline at end of file +# son of David + +Sometimes the phrase "son of David" is used as a title, but here it seems to be used only to identify Jesus' ancestry. + +# Abraham was the father of Isaac + +"Abraham became the father of Isaac" or "Abraham had a son Isaac" or "Abraham had a son named Isaac." There are different ways you could translate this. Whichever way you translate it here, it would be best to translate it the same way throughout the list of Jesus' ancestors. + +# Isaac the father ... Jacob the father + +Here the word "was" is understood. AT: "Isaac was the father ... Jacob was the father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Perez and Zerah ... Hezron ... Ram + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Perez the father ... Hezron the father + +Here the word "was" is understood. AT: "Perez was the father ... Hezron was the father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/04.md b/mat/01/04.md index bd2517f051..eb5a110fba 100644 --- a/mat/01/04.md +++ b/mat/01/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -3]]. +# Amminadab the father ... Nahshon the father -## Salmon was the father of Boaz by Rahab ## +Here the word "was" is understood. AT: "Amminadab was the father ... Nahshon was the father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Salmon was the father of Boaz by Rahab "Salmon was the father of Boaz, and Boaz's mother was Rahab" or "Salmon and Rahab were the parents of Boaz" -## Boaz the father of Obed by Ruth ## +# Boaz the father ... Obed the father + +Here the word "was" is understood. AT: "Boaz was the father ... Obed was the father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Boaz the father of Obed by Ruth "Boaz was the father of Obed, and Obed's mother was Ruth" or "Boaz and Ruth were the parents of Obed" -## Rahab … Ruth ## +# David the father of Solomon by the wife of Uriah -Languages that have masculine and feminine forms of names should use feminine forms for their names. +Here the word "was" is understood. "David was the father of Solomon, and Solomon's mother was Uriah's wife" or "David and the wife of Uriah were the parents of Solomon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## David was the father of Solomon by the wife of Uriah ## +# the wife of Uriah -"David was the father of Solomon, and Solomon's mother was Uriah's wife" or "David and the wife of Uriah were the parents of Solomon" - -## the wife of Uriah ## - -"the widow of Uriah" \ No newline at end of file +"the widow of Uriah." Solomon was born after Uriah died. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/07.md b/mat/01/07.md index edba51efba..b0f505ae5d 100644 --- a/mat/01/07.md +++ b/mat/01/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -3]]. +# Rehoboam the father of Abijah, Abijah the father of Asa -## Asa ## - -Sometimes his name is translated as "Asaph." - -## Joram the father of Uzziah ## - -Joram was actually Uzziah's grandfather's grandfather, so "father" can be translated as "ancestor" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +The word "was" is understood in both of these phrases. AT: "Rehoboam was the father of Abijah, and Abijah was the father of Asa" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/09.md b/mat/01/09.md index e2c8b3618c..62114c5008 100644 --- a/mat/01/09.md +++ b/mat/01/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -3]]. - -## Amon ## +# Amon Sometimes this is translated "Amos." -## Josiah the father of Jechoniah ## +# Josiah was an ancestor of Jechoniah -Josiah was actually Jechoniah's grandfather (see UDB). +A more specific term for "ancestor" can also be used, particularly if the word "ancestor" would only be used for someone who lived before one's grandparents. AT: "Josiah was a grandfather of Jechoniah" -## at the time of the deportation to Babylon ## +# at the time of the deportation to Babylon -"when they were forced to move to Babylon" or "when the Babylonians made them go live in Babylon." If your language needs to specify who went to Babylon, you could say "the Israelites" or "the Israelites who lived in Judah." \ No newline at end of file +"when they were forced to move to Babylon" or "when the Babylonians conquered them and made them go live in Babylon." If your language needs to specify who went to Babylon, you could say "the Israelites" or "the Israelites who lived in Judah." + +# Babylon + +Here this means the country of Babylon, not just the city of Babylon. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/12.md b/mat/01/12.md index ee885f774f..09f8b50aab 100644 --- a/mat/01/12.md +++ b/mat/01/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -3]]. +# After the deportation to Babylon -## after the deportation ## +Use the same wording you used in [Matthew 1:11](./09.md). -Use the same wording you used in [Matthew 1:9](./09.md). +# Shealtiel was an ancestor of Zerubbabel -## Shealtiel the father of Zerubbabel ## - -Shealtiel was actually Zerubbabel's grandfather (see UDB). \ No newline at end of file +Shealtiel was Zerubbabel's grandfather. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/15.md b/mat/01/15.md index d5243b951e..5e46be0594 100644 --- a/mat/01/15.md +++ b/mat/01/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -3]]. +# Connecting Statement: -## Mary, by whom Jesus was born ## +The author concludes Jesus' genealogy, which began in [Matthew 1:1](./01.md). -This could be translated in the active voice as "Mary, who gave birth to Jesus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Mary, by whom Jesus was born -## deportation to Babylon ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Mary, who gave birth to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Use the same wording you used in [Matthew 1:9](./09.md). \ No newline at end of file +# who is called Christ + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom people call Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fourteen + +"14" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# deportation to Babylon + +Use the same wording you used in [Matthew 1:11](./09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/18.md b/mat/01/18.md index 2700a47f1b..16ce2540ff 100644 --- a/mat/01/18.md +++ b/mat/01/18.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -This begins an account of the events leading up to the birth of Jesus. If your language has a way to show a change of topics, you should use it here. +# General Information: -## Mary was engaged to marry Joseph ## +This begins a new part of the story in which the author describes the events leading up to the birth of Jesus. -"was promised to marry" (UDB) or "was committed to marry." Parents normally arranged the marriages of their children. +# His mother, Mary, was engaged to marry Joseph -## before they came together ## +"His mother, Mary, was going to marry Joseph." Parents normally arranged the marriages of their children. AT: "The parents of Mary, the mother of Jesus, had promised her in marriage to Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -This euphemism means "before they had sexual relations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +# His mother, Mary, was engaged -## she was found to be pregnant ## +Translate in a way that makes it clear that Jesus was not already born when Mary was engaged to Joseph. AT: "Mary, who would be the mother of Jesus, was engaged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"they realized that she was going to have a baby" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# before they came together -## by the Holy Spirit ## +"before they got married." This may refer to Mary and Joseph sleeping together. AT: "before they had slept together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -The Holy Spirit had enabled Mary to have a baby. \ No newline at end of file +# she was found to be pregnant + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they realized that she was going to have a baby" or "it happened that she was pregnant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the Holy Spirit + +The power of the Holy Spirit had enabled Mary to have a baby before she had slept with a man. + +# Her husband, Joseph + +Joseph had not married Mary yet, but when a man and woman promised to marry each other, Jews considered them husband and wife though they did not live together. AT: "Joseph, who was supposed to marry Mary" or "Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# end his engagement with her + +"cancel their plans to get married" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/20.md b/mat/01/20.md index cad7e78bdc..7f8ac541f0 100644 --- a/mat/01/20.md +++ b/mat/01/20.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -This continues to tell about the events leading up to the birth of Jesus. +# As he thought -## appeared ## +"As Joseph thought" -an angel came suddenly to Joseph +# appeared to him in a dream -## son of David ## +"came to him while Joseph was dreaming" -In this case, the expression "son of" means "descendant of." David was not Joseph's father, but David was Joseph's ancestor. +# son of David -## the one who is conceived in her is conceived by the Holy Spirit ## +Here "son" means "descendant." -"the Holy Spirit conceived the baby with whom Mary is pregnant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# the one who is conceived in her is conceived by the Holy Spirit -## She will give birth to a son ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Holy Spirit caused Mary to become pregnant with this child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# She will give birth to a son Because God sent the angel, the angel knew the baby was a boy. -## you will call his name ## +# you will call his name -This is a command: "call his name" or "give him the name" or "name him" +"you must name him" or "you must give him the name." This is a command. -## he will save his people ## +# for he will save -"his people" refers to the Jews \ No newline at end of file +Translator may add a footnote that says "The name 'Jesus' means 'the Lord saves.'" + +# his people + +This refers to the Jews. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/22.md b/mat/01/22.md index d55c93de72..d979b4e8fa 100644 --- a/mat/01/22.md +++ b/mat/01/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -Matthew quotes a prophecy that the birth of Jesus would fulfill. +# General Information: -## what was spoken by the Lord through the prophet ## +The author quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus' birth was according to scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -This could be stated in the active voice as "what the Lord told the prophet Isaiah to write long ago." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# All this happened -## Behold ## +The angel is no longer speaking. Matthew is now explaining the importance of what the angel said. -Alternative translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +# what was spoken by the Lord through the prophet -## the virgin will conceive and give birth to a son ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what the Lord told the prophet to write long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This verse is a direct quotation from [Isaiah 7:13](../../isa/07/13.md). \ No newline at end of file +# the prophet + +There were many prophets. Matthew was speaking of Isaiah. AT: "the prophet Isaiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Behold ... Immanuel + +Here Matthew quotes the prophet Isaiah. + +# Behold + +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. + +# Immanuel + +This is a male name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# which means, "God with us." + +This is not in the book of Isaiah. Matthew is explaining the meaning of the name "Immanuel." You could translate it as a separate sentence. AT: "This name means 'God with us.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/24.md b/mat/01/24.md index 04bdfb0439..beeef7314e 100644 --- a/mat/01/24.md +++ b/mat/01/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -This section returns to the events leading up to the birth of Jesus. +# Connecting Statement: -## commanded ## +The author concludes his description of the events leading up to the birth of Jesus. -The angel had told him to take Mary as his wife and to name him Jesus (verses 20-21 ). +# as the angel of the Lord commanded -## did not sleep with her ## +The angel had told Joseph to take Mary as his wife and to name the child Jesus. -"did not have sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +# he took her as his wife -## And he called his name Jesus ## +"he married Mary" -"Joseph named his son Jesus" \ No newline at end of file +# to a son + +"to a male baby" or "to her son." Make sure it is clear that Joseph is not portrayed as the actual father. + +# Then he called his name Jesus + +"Joseph named the child Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/01/intro.md b/mat/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6509083a3f --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Matthew 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:23, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Genealogy ##### + +A genealogy is a list which records a person's ancestors or descendants. Such lists were very important in determining who had the right to be king, because the king's authority was usually passed down or inherited from his father. It was also common for any important person to have a recorded genealogy. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Use of the passive voice ##### + +The passive voice is used very purposefully in this chapter to indicate that Jesus was not conceived through a sexual relationship. Here, the passive voice presents the Holy Spirit as the one who began Mary's conception of the baby Jesus. Because many languages do not have a passive voice, translators must find other ways to present the same truths. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Matthew 1:1](./01.md)__ +* __[Matthew intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/01.md b/mat/02/01.md index a403ffb297..08bb886cc7 100644 --- a/mat/02/01.md +++ b/mat/02/01.md @@ -1,33 +1,47 @@ -This chapter describes what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. +# General Information: -## Bethlehem of Judea ## +A new part of the story begins here and continues through the end of the chapter. The writer tells about Herod's attempt to kill the new King of the Jews. -"the town of Bethlehem in the province of Judea" (UDB) +# Bethlehem of Judea -## learned men ## +"the town of Bethlehem in the province of Judea" -"men who studied the stars" (UDB) +# in the days of Herod the king -## Herod ## +"when Herod was king there" + +# Herod This refers to Herod the Great. -## Where is he who was born King of the Jews? ## +# learned men -The men knew that the one who would become king had been born. They were trying to learn where he was. "A baby who will become the king of the Jews has been born. Where is he?" +"men who studied the stars" -## his star ## +# from the east -"the star that tells about him" or "the star that is associated with his birth." They were not saying that the baby was the rightful owner of the star. +"from a country far east of Judea" -## worship ## +# Where is he who was born King of the Jews? -Possible meanings for this word are 1) they intended to worship the baby as divine, or 2) they wanted to "honor" him as a human king. If your language has a word that includes both meanings, you should consider using it here. +The men knew from studying the stars that the one who would become king had been born. They were trying to learn where he was. AT: "A baby who will become the king of the Jews has been born. Where is he?" -## he was troubled ## +# his star -"He was worried" that someone else might be proclaimed king of the Jews to replace him. +They were not saying that the baby was the rightful owner of the star. AT: "the star that tells about him" or "the star that is associated with his birth" -## all Jerusalem ## +# in the east -"Many of the people in Jerusalem" (UDB) were afraid of what King Herod might do. \ No newline at end of file +"as it came up in the east" or "while we were in our country" + +# worship + +Possible meanings are 1) they intended to worship the baby as divine, or 2) they wanted to honor him as a human king. If your language has a word that includes both meanings, you should consider using it here. + +# he was troubled + +"he was worried." Herod was worried that this baby would replace him as king. + +# all Jerusalem + +Here "Jerusalem" refers to the people. Also, "all" means "many." Matthew is exaggerating to emphasize how many people were worried. AT: "many of the people in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/04.md b/mat/02/04.md index 67eee5ca0b..56e0ec632c 100644 --- a/mat/02/04.md +++ b/mat/02/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. +# General Information: -## In Bethlehem of Judea ## +In verse 6, the chief priests and scribes of the people quote the prophet Micah to show that the Christ would be born in Bethlehem. -Alternative translation: "in the town of Bethlehem of Judea." +# In Bethlehem of Judea -## this is what was written by the prophet ## +"In the town of Bethlehem in the province of Judea" -This can be stated in active voice as "this is what the prophet wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# this is what was written by the prophet -## written by the prophet ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this is what the prophet wrote long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Alternative translation: "written by the prophet Micah." +# you, Bethlehem, ... are not the least among the leaders of Judah -## you, Bethlehem, … are not the least among the leaders of Judah ## +Micah was speaking to the people of Bethlehem as if they were with him but they were not. Also, "are not the least" can be translated with a positive phrase. AT: "you, people of Bethlehem, ... your town is among the most important towns in Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -"You who live in Bethlehem, your town is certainly very important" (UDB) or "you, Bethlehem, … are one of the most important cities." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +# who will shepherd my people Israel + +Micah speaks of this ruler as a shepherd. This means he will lead and care for the people. AT: "who will lead my people Israel as a shepherd leads his sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/07.md b/mat/02/07.md index eb3687e98d..ab4e597139 100644 --- a/mat/02/07.md +++ b/mat/02/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. - -## Herod secretly called the learned men ## +# Herod secretly called the learned men This means that Herod talked to the learned men without other people knowing. -## young child ## +# to ask them exactly what time the star had appeared -This refers to the baby Jesus. +This can be translated as a direct quotation. AT: "and he asked them, 'When exactly did this star appear?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## worship ## +# what time the star had appeared -Translate this with the same word that you used in [Matthew 1:1](../01/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that the learned men told him when the star appeared. AT: "what time the star had appeared. The learned men told Herod when the star first appeared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# young child + +This refers to Jesus. + +# bring me word + +Here "word" is a metonym for "message" or "new." AT: "let me know" or "tell me" or "report back to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# worship him + +See how you translated this in [Matthew 2:2](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/09.md b/mat/02/09.md index c0f1a8eb0a..aea7b863b8 100644 --- a/mat/02/09.md +++ b/mat/02/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. +# After they -## After they heard the king ## +"After the learned men" -"then" (UDB) or "after the learned men heard the king" +# they had seen in the east -## went before them ## +"they had seen come up in the east" or "they had seen in their country" -Alternative translation: "guided them." +# went before them -## stood still over ## +"guided them" or "led them" -Alternative translation: "stopped over." \ No newline at end of file +# stood still over + +"stopped over" + +# where the young child was + +"the place where the young child was staying" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/11.md b/mat/02/11.md index ddf5b6831a..52a3a85100 100644 --- a/mat/02/11.md +++ b/mat/02/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. +# Connecting Statement: -## they ## +Here the scene shifts to the house where Mary, Joseph, and the young Jesus were living. -refers to the learned men +# They went -## worship ## +"The learned men went" -Translate this with the same word that you used in [Matthew 1:1](../01/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +# their treasures + +Here "treasures" refers to the boxes or bags they used to carry their treasures. AT: "the containers that held their treasures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God warned them + +"Afterwards, God warned the learned men." God knew that Herod wanted to harm the child. + +# not to return to Herod + +This can be translated as a direct quotation. AT: "saying, 'Do not go back to King Herod'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/13.md b/mat/02/13.md index 7b38635a54..baafe75183 100644 --- a/mat/02/13.md +++ b/mat/02/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. +# General Information: -## they had departed ## +In verse 15, the writer quotes the prophet Hosea to show that the Christ would spend time in Egypt. + +# they had departed "the learned men had departed" -## Get up, take … flee …. Remain … you ## +# appeared to Joseph in a dream + +"came to Joseph while he was dreaming" + +# Get up, take ... flee ... Remain ... you God is speaking to Joseph, so these should all be singular forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## until the death of Herod ## +# until I tell you -Herod does not die until [Matthew 2:19](./19.md). This statement describes the length of the their stay in Egypt, and does not say that Herod died at this time. +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "until I tell you it is safe to come back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Out of Egypt I have called my son ## +# I tell you -This is a quotation from Hosea [Hosea 11:1](../../hos/11/01.md). The wording of the Greek text in Matthew is somewhat different than the Hebrew text in Hosea. The emphasis is on "out of Egypt," not some other place: "It is out of Egypt that I have called my son." \ No newline at end of file +Here "I" refers to God. The angel is speaking for God. + +# He remained + +It is implied that Joseph, Mary, and Jesus remained in Egypt. AT: "They remained" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# until the death of Herod + +Herod does not die until [Matthew 2:19](./19.md). This statement describes the length of their stay in Egypt, and it does not say that Herod died at this time. + +# Out of Egypt I have called my son + +"I have called my son out of Egypt" + +# my son + +In Hosea this refers to the people of Israel. Matthew quoted it to say that this was true of God's Son, Jesus. Translate it using a word for son that could refer to the only son or the first son. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/16.md b/mat/02/16.md index 9b12a83574..460231977a 100644 --- a/mat/02/16.md +++ b/mat/02/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. +# Connecting Statement: -## Then Herod ## +Here the scene shifts back to Herod and tells what he did when he learned that the learned men had deceived him. -This describes what Herod did after Joseph fled to Egypt with Mary and Jesus. Herod does not die until [Matthew 2:19](./19.md). +# General Information: -## he had been mocked ## +These events happen before Herod's death, which the writer mentioned in [Matthew 2:15](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -"the learned men had embarrassed him by tricking him" (see UDB) +# he had been mocked by the learned men -## He sent and killed all the male children ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the learned men had embarrassed him by tricking him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Alternative translation: "He gave orders to kill all the boys" or "He sent soldiers there to kill all the boy babies." (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +# He sent and killed all the male children + +Herod did not kill the children himself. AT: "He gave orders for his soldiers to kill all the boys" or "He sent soldiers there to kill all the boy babies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# two years old and under + +"2 years old and younger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# according to the time + +"based on the time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/17.md b/mat/02/17.md index 48dbdc28df..50108afd83 100644 --- a/mat/02/17.md +++ b/mat/02/17.md @@ -1,2 +1,31 @@ -This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. -Verse 18 is a quotation from Jeremiah [Jeremiah 31:15](../../jer/31/15.md). The wording of the Greek text in Matthew is slightly different than the Hebrew text in Jeremiah. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The writer quotes the prophet Jeremiah to show that the death of all of the male children in the region of Bethlehem was according to scripture. + +# Then was fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This fulfilled" or "Herod's actions fulfilled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what had been spoken through Jeremiah the prophet + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what the Lord spoke long ago through the prophet Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# A voice was heard ... they were no more + +Matthew is quoting the prophet Jeremiah. + +# A voice was heard + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People heard a voice" or "There was a loud sound" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Rachel weeping for her children + +Rachel lived many years before this time. This prophecy shows Rachel, who has died, weeping for her descendants. + +# she refused to be comforted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one could comfort her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because they were no more + +"because the children were gone and would never return." Here "were no more" is a mild way of saying they are dead. AT: "because they were dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/19.md b/mat/02/19.md index a57d50f4a7..d6b43dc9d9 100644 --- a/mat/02/19.md +++ b/mat/02/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. +# Connecting Statement: -## behold ## +Here the scene shifts to Egypt, where Joseph, Mary, and the young Jesus are living. + +# behold This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## who sought the child's life ## +# those who sought the child's life -"who were looking for the child in order to kill him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "sought the child's life" is a way of saying they wanted to kill the child. "AT: "those who were looking for the child in order to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# those who sought + +This refers to King Herod and his advisors. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/22.md b/mat/02/22.md index cb67c58723..139215bd0f 100644 --- a/mat/02/22.md +++ b/mat/02/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -This continues the account of what happened when Jesus was born as the King of the Jews. +# Connecting Statement: -## But when he heard ## +This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 2:1](./01.md) about Herod's attempt to kill the new King of the Jews. + +# But when he heard "But when Joseph heard" -## his father Herod ## +# Archelaus -This is Archelaus' father. +This is the name of Herod's son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## he was afraid to go there ## +# he was afraid -The "he" refers to Joseph. +"Joseph was afraid" -## he would be called a Nazarene ## +# what had been spoken through the prophets -The "he" refers to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what the Lord spoke long ago through the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he would be called a Nazarene + +Here "he" refers to Jesus. The prophets before the time of Jesus would have referred to him as the Messiah or the Christ. AT: "people would say that the Christ is a Nazarene" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/02/intro.md b/mat/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..16411cf4b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Matthew 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of verses 6 and 18, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "His star" ##### + +This is probably a reference to a star that the learned men believed to be the sign of a new king of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Learned men" ##### + +English translations use many different words to translate this phrase. These terms include "magi" and "wise men." These men could have been scientists or astrologers. It is best to translate this with the generic term, "learned men," if possible. + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/03/01.md b/mat/03/01.md index 93d80c31ec..9b15869d4a 100644 --- a/mat/03/01.md +++ b/mat/03/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -This section takes place many years later when John the Baptist was an adult and began to preach. +# General Information: -## For this is he who ## +This is the beginning of a new part of the story where the writer tells of the ministry of John the Baptist. In verse 3, the writer quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that John the Baptist was God's appointed messenger to prepare for Jesus' ministry. -The pronoun "he" refers to John the Baptist. +# In those days -## For this is he who was spoken of by Isaiah the prophet, saying ## +This is many years after Joseph and his family left Egypt and went to Nazareth. This is probably near the time that Jesus begins his ministry. AT: "Some time later" or "Some years later" -Alternative translation: "For Isaiah the prophet was speaking of John the Baptist when he said." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Repent -## Make ready the way of the Lord, make his paths straight ## +This is plural in form. John is speaking to the crowds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -This is a metaphor for the message of John the Baptist which calls for the people to prepare to repent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Alternative translation: "Get ready to change the way you live so your life will be pleasing to God." \ No newline at end of file +# the kingdom of heaven is near + +The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God ruling as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, use the word "heaven" in your translation. AT: "our God in heaven will soon show himself to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For this is he who was spoken of by Isaiah the prophet, saying + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For Isaiah the prophet was speaking of John the Baptist when he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The voice of one calling out in the wilderness + +This can be expressed as a sentence. AT: "The voice of one calling out in the wilderness is heard" or "They hear the sound of someone calling out in the wilderness" + +# Make ready the way of the Lord ... make his paths straight + +These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Make ready the way of the Lord + +"Get the road ready for the Lord." Doing this represents being prepared to hear the Lord's message when he comes. People do this by repenting of their sins. AT: "Prepare to hear the Lord's message when he comes" or "Repent and be ready for the Lord to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/03/04.md b/mat/03/04.md index caad02ea91..d22efe57c3 100644 --- a/mat/03/04.md +++ b/mat/03/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -John the Baptist continues to preach. +# Now ... wild honey -## They were baptized by him ## +The word "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew tells background information about John the Baptist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -"John baptized them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# wore clothing of camel's hair and a leather belt around his waist -## They ## +This clothing symbolizes that John is a prophet like the prophets from long ago, especially the prophet Elijah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -The people coming from Jerusalem, Judea, and the region around the Jordan River. \ No newline at end of file +# Then Jerusalem, all Judea, and all the region + +The words "Jerusalem," "Judea," and "the region" are metonyms for the people from those areas. The word "all" is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many people went out. AT: Then very may people from Jerusalem, Judea, and that region" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# They were baptized by him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "John baptized them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They + +This refers to the people coming from Jerusalem, Judea, and the region around the Jordan River. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/03/07.md b/mat/03/07.md index 778f565aa1..8eb40fe88b 100644 --- a/mat/03/07.md +++ b/mat/03/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -John the Baptist continues to preach. +# General Information: -## You offspring of poisonous snakes ## +John the Baptist begins to rebuke the Pharisees and Sadducees. -This is a metaphor. Poisonous snakes are dangerous and represent evil. Alternative translation: “You evil poisonous snakes!” or “You are evil like poisonous snakes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# You offspring of poisonous snakes, who -## who warned you to flee from the wrath that is coming ## +This is a metaphor. Here "offspring" means "having the characteristic of." Poisonous snakes are dangerous and represent evil. This can be stated as a separate sentence. AT: "You evil poisonous snakes! Who" or "You are evil like poisonous snakes! Who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -With this rhetorical question John was rebuking the people because they were asking him to baptize them so that God would not punish them, but they did not want to stop sinning. "You can't flee from God's wrath like this” or “Do not think that you can flee from God's wrath just by being baptized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# who warned you to flee from the wrath that is coming? -## from the wrath that is coming ## +John uses a question to rebuke the Pharisees and Sadducees because they were asking him to baptize them so that God would not punish them, but they did not want to stop sinning. AT: "you cannot flee from God's wrath like this." or "do not think that you can flee from God's wrath just because I baptize you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Alternative translation: “from the punishment that is coming” or “from God's wrath that he is about to act on” or “because God is about to punish you.” The word “wrath” is being used to refer to God's punishment because his wrath precedes it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# flee from the wrath that is coming -## We have Abraham for our father ## +The word "wrath" is being used to refer to God's punishment because his wrath precedes it. AT: "run away from the punishment that is coming" or "escape because God is about to punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"Abraham is our ancestor" or "We are descendants of Abraham" +# Bear fruit worthy of repentance -## God is able to raise up children for Abraham even out of these stones ## +The phrase "bear fruit" is a metaphor referring to a person's actions. AT: "Let your actions show that you have truly repented" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We have Abraham for our father + +"Abraham is our ancestor" or "We are descendants of Abraham." The Jewish leaders thought that God would not punish them since they are descendants of Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For I say to you + +This adds emphasis to what John is about to say. + +# God is able to raise up children for Abraham even out of these stones "God could make physical descendants out of even these stones and give them to Abraham" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/03/10.md b/mat/03/10.md index 30fa43eec2..a92b48ef71 100644 --- a/mat/03/10.md +++ b/mat/03/10.md @@ -1,41 +1,51 @@ -John the Baptist continues to preach. +# Connecting Statement: -## Already the ax has been placed against the root of the trees. So every tree that does not produce good fruit is chopped down and thrown into the fire. ## +John the Baptist continues to rebuke the Pharisees and Sadducees. -This is a metaphor meaning "God is ready to punish you if you do not turn away from your sinful behavior in the same way that a man who sets the head of his ax at the foot of a tree is ready to cut it down." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Already the ax has been placed against the root of the trees. So every tree that does not produce good fruit is chopped down and thrown into the fire -## I baptize you ## +This metaphor means God is ready to punish sinners. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has his axe and he is ready to cut down and burn any tree that grows bad fruit" or "As a person gets his axe ready to cut down and burn a tree that grows bad fruit, God is ready to punish you for your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -John is baptizing repentant people. +# for repentance -## But he who comes after me ## +"to show that you have repented" + +# But he who comes after me Jesus is the person who comes after John. -## He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire ## +# is mightier than I -This is a metaphor meaning "God will put his Holy Spirit within you and take you through fire to judge and cleanse those who would enter the Kingdom of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"is more important than I am" -## He will baptize you ## +# He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire -Jesus will baptize you. +This metaphor compares John's baptism with water to the future baptism with fire. This means John's baptism only symbolically cleanses people of their sins. The baptism by Holy Spirit and fire will truly cleanse people of their sins. If possible, use the word "baptize" in your translation to keep the comparison to John's baptism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## His winnowing fork is in his hand to thoroughly clear off his threshing floor ## +# His winnowing fork is in his hand to thoroughly clear off his threshing floor -This metaphor compares the way Christ will separate the righteous people from the unrighteous people to the way a man separates wheat grain from chaff. It can be translated as a simile to make the connection clearer: “Christ is like a man whose winnowing fork is in his hand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This metaphor compares the way Christ will separate the righteous people from the unrighteous people to the way a man separates wheat grain from chaff. AT: "Christ is like a man whose winnowing fork is in his hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## His winnowing fork is in his hand ## +# His winnowing fork is in his hand -Alternative translation: “Christ is holding a winnowing fork because he is ready.” +Here "in his hand" means the person is ready to act. AT: "Christ is holding a winnowing fork because he is ready" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## winnowing fork ## +# winnowing fork -This is a tool for tossing wheat up into the air to separate the wheat grain from the chaff. The heavier grain falls back down and the unwanted chaff is blown away by the wind. It is similar in shape to a pitchfork but with wide tines made of wood. +This is a tool for tossing wheat up into the air to separate the wheat grain from the chaff. The heavier grain falls back down and the unwanted chaff is blown away by the wind. It is similar in shape to a pitchfork but with wide tines made of wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## his threshing floor ## +# to thoroughly clear off his threshing floor -This is a place where people separate the grain from the chaff. Alternative translations: “his ground” or “the ground where he separates the grain from the chaff.” +Christ is like a man with a winnowing fork who is ready to clear off his threshing floor. -## gather his wheat into the storehouse…burn up the chaff with fire that can never be put out ## +# his threshing floor -This is a metaphor showing how God will separate righteous people from evil people. The righteous will go to heaven like wheat into a farmer's storehouse, and God will burn the people who are like chaff with a fire that will never be put out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"his ground" or "the ground where he separates the grain from the chaff" + +# gather his wheat into the storehouse ... burn up the chaff with fire that can never be put + +This is a metaphor showing how God will separate righteous people from evil people. The righteous will go to heaven like wheat into a farmer's storehouse, and God will burn the people who are like chaff with a fire that will never be put out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# can never be put out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will never burn out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/03/13.md b/mat/03/13.md index 01f0badf3d..96049a4bf1 100644 --- a/mat/03/13.md +++ b/mat/03/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -This begins the account of how Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist. +# Connecting Statement: -## I need to be baptized by you ## +Here the scene shifts to a later time when John the Baptist baptizes Jesus. -"I" refers to John the Baptist and "you" refers to Jesus Christ. +# to be baptized by John -## do you come to me? ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so John could baptize him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This is a rhetorical question. Alternative translation: "Since you are not a sinner, you should not come to me and have me baptize you." Note that "you" refers to Jesus Christ and "me" refers to John the Baptist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I need to be baptized by you, and do you come to me? + +John uses a question to show his surprise at Jesus' request. AT: "You are more important than I am. I should not baptize you. You should baptize me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# for us + +Here "us" refers to Jesus and John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/03/16.md b/mat/03/16.md index 4c7de86d17..a91e8df381 100644 --- a/mat/03/16.md +++ b/mat/03/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -This continues the account of how Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist. +# Connecting Statement: -## After he was baptized ## +This is the end of the part of the story about John the Baptist and describes what happened after he baptized Jesus. -This could be translated by saying: "After John baptized Jesus." +# After he was baptized -## the heavens were opened to him ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "After John baptized Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Alternative translation: "he saw the sky open" or "he saw the heavens open." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# behold -## coming down like a dove ## +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -This can 1) be a plain statement that the Spirit was in the form of a dove (see UDB) or 2) be a simile that compares the Spirit coming down upon Jesus gently, the way a dove would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# the heavens were opened to him -## Behold ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus saw the sky open" or "God opened the heavens to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. \ No newline at end of file +# coming down like a dove + +Possible meanings are 1) this is simply a statement that the Spirit was in the form of a dove or 2) this is a simile that compares the Spirit coming down upon Jesus gently, the way a dove would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a voice came out of the heavens saying + +"Jesus heard a voice from heaven." Here "voice" refers to God speaking. AT: "God spoke from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/03/intro.md b/mat/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9c2be823b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Matthew 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of verse 3, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Bear fruit worthy of repentance" ##### + +Fruit is a common image in the scriptures. It is used to describe the results of either good or bad behavior. In this chapter, good fruit is the result of living as God commands. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fruit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The kingdom of heaven is near" ##### + +Scholars debate whether the "kingdom of heaven" was present at this time or still coming. English translations frequently use the phrase "at hand," but this can create difficulty in translating. Other versions use the phrases "is coming near" and "has come near." + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/01.md b/mat/04/01.md index e92cd98852..1ec3a15d67 100644 --- a/mat/04/01.md +++ b/mat/04/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,55 @@ -This section describes how Satan tempted Jesus. +# General Information: -## the devil. ... The tempter ## +Here the writer begins a new part of the story in which Jesus spends 40 days in the wilderness, where Satan tempts him. In verse 4, Jesus rebukes Satan with a quotation from Deuteronomy. + +# Jesus was led up by the Spirit + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Spirit led Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to be tempted by the devil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so the devil could tempt Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the devil ... The tempter These refer to the same being. You may have to use the same word to translate both. -## he had fasted ... he was hungry ## +# he had fasted ... he was hungry These refer to Jesus. -## If you are the Son of God, command ## +# forty days and forty nights -This can be 1) a temptation to do miracles for his own benefit, "You are the Son of God, so you can command" or 2) a challenge or accusation, "Prove that you are the Son of God by commanding" (see UDB). It is probably best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. +"40 days and 40 nights." This refers to 24-hour periods. AT: "40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## command these stones to become bread ## +# If you are the Son of God, command -"say to these stones, 'Become bread!'" \ No newline at end of file +It is best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. Possible meanings are 1) this is a temptation to do miracles for Jesus' own benefit. AT: "You are the Son of God, so you can command" or 2) this is a challenge or accusation. AT: "Prove that you are the Son of God by commanding" + +# the Son of God + +This is an important title that describes the relationship between the Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# command these stones to become bread + +You could translate this with a direct quotation. AT: "say to these stones, 'Become bread!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# bread + +Here "food" refers to food in general. AT: "food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# It is written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses wrote this in the scriptures long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Man shall not live on bread alone + +This implies that there is something more important to life than food. + +# but by every word that comes out of the mouth of God + +Here "word" and "mouth" refer to what God says. AT: "but by listening to everything that God says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/05.md b/mat/04/05.md index 6947b95e24..8de3f8bea6 100644 --- a/mat/04/05.md +++ b/mat/04/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -This continues the account of how Satan tempted Jesus. +# General Information: -## If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down ## +In verse 6, Satan quotes from the Psalms in order to tempt Jesus. -This could be 1) a temptation to do a miracle for his own benefit, "Since you are truly the Son of God, you can throw yourself down" or 2) a challenge or accusation, "Prove that you are truly the Son of God by throwing yourself down" (see UDB). It is best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. +# If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down -## down ## +It is best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. Possible meanings are 1) this is a temptation to do a miracle for Jesus' own benefit. AT: "Since you are truly the Son of God, you can throw yourself down" or 2) this is a challenge or accusation. AT: "Prove that you are truly the Son of God by throwing yourself down" -to the ground +# Son of God -## He will command … ## +This is an important title that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -"God will command his angels to take care of you" or "God will say to his angels, 'Take care of him.'" \ No newline at end of file +# throw yourself down + +"let yourself fall to the ground" or "jump down" + +# for it is written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the writer wrote in the scriptures" or "for it says in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He will command his angels to take care of you + +"God will command his angels to take care of you." This can be translated with a direct quotation. AT: "God will say to his angels, 'Take care of him'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# They will lift you up + +"The angels will hold you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/07.md b/mat/04/07.md index 2244e0b2bb..7011af63e4 100644 --- a/mat/04/07.md +++ b/mat/04/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -This continues the account of how Satan tempted Jesus. +# General Information: -## Again it is written ## +In verse 7, Jesus rebukes Satan with another quotation from Deuteronomy. -This could be translated "Again, I will tell you something that is in the Scriptures." +# Again it is written -## He said to him ## +It is understood that Jesus is quoting scripture again. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Again, I will tell you what Moses wrote in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# You must not test + +Here "you" refers to anyone. AT: "One should not test" or "No person should test" + +# Again, the devil + +"Next, the devil" + +# He said to him "The devil said to Jesus" -## All these things I will give you ## +# All these things I will give you -"I will give you all these things." The tempter is emphasizing that he will give "all these things," not just some of them. \ No newline at end of file +"I will give you all these things." The tempter is emphasizing here that he will give "all these things," not just some of them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/10.md b/mat/04/10.md index 34d421bc76..9837538e72 100644 --- a/mat/04/10.md +++ b/mat/04/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of how Satan tempted Jesus. -This is the third time that Jesus rebukes Satan with scripture. +# Connecting Statement: -## the devil ## +This is the end of the part of the story about how Satan tempted Jesus. -Matthew used a different title, which also refers to "Satan." +# General Information: -## behold ## +In verse 10, Jesus rebukes Satan with another quotation from Deuteronomy. -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the important new information that follows. \ No newline at end of file +# For it is written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For Moses also wrote in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will worship ... you will serve + +Both instances of "you" are singular, a command to everyone who hears it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# behold + +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the important new information that follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/12.md b/mat/04/12.md index 8f131b9db4..8a60b52a57 100644 --- a/mat/04/12.md +++ b/mat/04/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -This section describes the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. +# General Information: -## John had been arrested ## +This is the beginning of a new part of the story in which the writer describes the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. These verses explain how Jesus came to be in Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -"The king had imprisoned John." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# John had been arrested + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the king had arrested John" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the territories of Zebulun and Naphtali + +These are the names of the tribes that lived in these areas before foreigners took control of the land of Israel many years earlier. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/14.md b/mat/04/14.md index 2492c2165a..4bee0da203 100644 --- a/mat/04/14.md +++ b/mat/04/14.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -This continues the account of the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +In verses 15 and 16, the writer quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus' ministry in Galilee was a fulfillment of prophecy. + +# This happened + +This refers to Jesus going to live in Capernaum. + +# what was said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali ... Galilee of the Gentiles! + +All of these territories describe the same area. This can be translated as a complete sentence. AT: "In the territory of Zebulun and Naphtali ... in the territory of Galilee live many Gentiles!" + +# toward the sea + +This is the Sea of Galilee. + +# The people who sat in darkness have seen a great light + +Here "darkness" refers to moral darkness or sin, which separates people from God. And, "light" refers to God's true message that saves people from their sin. This is the image of people who were without hope now having hope coming from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to those who sat in the region and shadow of death, upon them has a light arisen + +This basically has the same meaning as the first part of the sentence. Here "region and shadow of death" refers to spiritual death or a separation from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/17.md b/mat/04/17.md index 2d96930cfd..d099bc562c 100644 --- a/mat/04/17.md +++ b/mat/04/17.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -This continues the account of the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. +# Repent, for the kingdom of heaven has come near -## the kingdom of heaven has drawn near ## - -You should translate this the same way you translated the same idea in [Matthew 3:1](../03/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God ruling as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, use the word "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "our God in heaven will soon show himself to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/18.md b/mat/04/18.md index 38aca7ca6f..c40ae07d13 100644 --- a/mat/04/18.md +++ b/mat/04/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -This continues the account of the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. +# General Information: -## casting a net ## +This begins a new scene within the part of the story about Jesus' ministry in Galilee. Here he begins to gather men to be his disciples. -"throwing a net" +# casting a net into the sea -## Come after me, ## +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "throwing a net into the water to catch fish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Jesus invites Simon and Andrew to follow him, live with him, and become his disciples. Alternative translation: "Be my disciples." +# Come, follow me -## I will make you fishers of men. ## +Jesus invites Simon and Andrew to follow him, live with him, and become his disciples. AT: "Be my disciples" -Alternative translation: "I will teach you to gather men to God like you used to gather fish." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I will make you fishers of men + +This metaphor means Simon and Andrew will teach people God's true message, so others will also follow Jesus. AT: "I will teach you to gather men to me like you used to gather fish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/21.md b/mat/04/21.md index ab218aaa80..4a543da7ea 100644 --- a/mat/04/21.md +++ b/mat/04/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -This continues the account of the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. +# Connecting Statement: -## they were mending their nets ## +Jesus calls more men to be his disciples. -"They" might include the two brothers and Zebedee, or just the two brothers. - -## He called them, ## +# He called them "Jesus called John and James." This phrase also means that Jesus invited them to follow him, live with him, and become his disciples. -## immediately ## +# immediately "at that moment" -## left the boat … and followed him ## +# left the boat ... and followed him It should be clear that this is a life change. These men are no longer going to be fishermen and are leaving the family business to follow Jesus for the rest of their lives. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/23.md b/mat/04/23.md index 9142431ad1..0d8bbf670e 100644 --- a/mat/04/23.md +++ b/mat/04/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ -This continues the account of the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. +# Connecting Statement: -## all kinds of disease and all kinds of sickness ## +This is the end of the part of the story about the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. These verses summarize what he did and how the people responded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -"every disease and every sickness." The words "disease" and "sickness" are closely related but should be translated as two different words if possible. "Disease" is what causes a person to be sick. "Sickness" is the physical weakness or affliction that results from having a disease. +# teaching in their synagogues -## the Decapolis ## +"teaching in the synagogues of the Galileans" or "teaching in the synagogues of those people" -"the Ten Towns" (see UDB), a region to the southeast of the Sea of Galilee \ No newline at end of file +# preaching the gospel of the kingdom + +Here "kingdom" refers to God's reign as king. AT: "preaching the good news about how God will show himself as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# every kind of disease and sickness + +The words "disease" and "sickness" are closely related but should be translated as two different words if possible. "Disease" is what causes a person to be sick. + +# sickness + +is the physical weakness or affliction that results from having a disease. + +# those possessed by demons + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the demon-possessed" or "those whom demons control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the epileptic + +"those who sometimes had seizures" or "those who sometimes became unconscious and moved uncontrollably" + +# paralytic + +"those who could not walk" + +# the Decapolis + +This name means "the Ten Towns." This is the name of a region to the southeast of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/04/intro.md b/mat/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..67e8a5eeba --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Matthew 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of verses 6, 10, 15 and 16, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The kingdom of heaven is near" ##### + +Scholars debate whether the "kingdom of heaven" was present at this time or still coming. English translations frequently use the phrase "at hand," but this can create difficulty in translating. Other versions use the phase "is coming near" and "has come near." + +##### "If you are the Son of God" ##### + +In English, the reader can understand this statement in 4:6 as indicating that Satan does not know whether Jesus is the Son of God. Because Satan probably knows that Jesus is the Son of God, it should not be translated in this way. It can be translated as "because you are the Son of God." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]]) + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/01.md b/mat/05/01.md index 91286689a9..06a5d7c632 100644 --- a/mat/05/01.md +++ b/mat/05/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -7 are a single event. Jesus went up on a hill and taught his disciples. +# Connecting Statement: -## He opened his mouth ## +This is the beginning of a new part of the story in which Jesus begins to teach his disciples. This part continues through the end of chapter 7 and is frequently called the Sermon on the Mount. -"Jesus began to speak." +# General Information: -## taught them ## +In verse 3, Jesus begins to describe the characteristics of people who are blessed. + +# He opened his mouth + +This is an idiom. AT: "Jesus began to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# taught them The word "them" refers to his disciples. -## the poor in spirit ## +# the poor in spirit -"those who know they need God" +This means someone who is humble. AT: "those who know they need God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## those who mourn ## +# for theirs is the kingdom of heaven -These people are sad because of 1) the sinfulness of the world or 2) their own sins or 3) the death of someone. Do not specify the reason for mourning unless your language requires it. +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "for God in heaven will be their king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## they will be comforted ## +# those who mourn -Alternate translation: "God will comfort them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible reasons they are sad are 1) the sinfulness of the world or 2) their own sins or 3) the death of someone. Do not specify the reason for mourning unless your language requires it. + +# they will be comforted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will comfort them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/05.md b/mat/05/05.md index 79857b3efd..8e7a11eb6b 100644 --- a/mat/05/05.md +++ b/mat/05/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). +# the meek -## hunger and thirst for righteousness ## +"the gentle" or "those who do not rely on their own power" -"desire to live right as much as they desire food and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# they will inherit the earth -## they will be filled ## +"God will give them the entire earth" -"God will fill them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# hunger and thirst for righteousness -## the pure in heart ## +This metaphor means a person should strongly desire to do what is right. AT: "desire to live right as much as they desire food and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"people whose hearts are pure" +# they will be filled -## they will see God ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will fill them" or "God will satisfy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"they will be allowed to live with God" or "God will allow them to live with him" \ No newline at end of file +# the pure in heart + +"people whose hearts are pure." Here "heart" refers to a person's desire. AT: "those who only want to serve God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will see God + +Here "see" means they will be able to live in God's presence. AT: "God will allow them to live with him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/09.md b/mat/05/09.md index 30e0def2b5..591fca1738 100644 --- a/mat/05/09.md +++ b/mat/05/09.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). - -## the peacemakers ## +# the peacemakers These are the people who help others to have peace with one another. -## sons of God ## +# for they will be called sons of God -These are God's own children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for God will call them his children" or "they will be children of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## those who have been persecuted ## +# sons of God -Alternative translation: "those people whom others treat unfairly." +It is best to translate "sons" with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a human son or child. -## for righteousness' sake ## +# those who have been persecuted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those people whom others treat unfairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for righteousness' sake "because they do what God wants them to do" -## theirs is the kingdom of heaven ## +# theirs is the kingdom of heaven -"God allows them to live in the kingdom of heaven." They do not own the kingdom of heaven; rather, God gives them the right to live in his presence. \ No newline at end of file +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:3](./01.md). AT: "for God in heaven will be their king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/11.md b/mat/05/11.md index 1bf9257373..47d213795e 100644 --- a/mat/05/11.md +++ b/mat/05/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## against you falsely for my sake ## +Jesus finishes describing the characteristics of people who are blessed. -"when it is not true about you but because you follow me" or "without your doing anything to deserve it except believing in me" +# Blessed are you -## Rejoice and be very glad ## +The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"Rejoice" and "be very glad" mean almost the same thing. Jesus wanted his hearers not merely to rejoice but to do even more than rejoice if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file +# say all kinds of evil things against you falsely + +"say all kinds of evil lies about you" or "say bad things about you that are not true" + +# for my sake + +"because you follow me" or because you believe in me" + +# Rejoice and be very glad + +"Rejoice" and "be very glad" mean almost the same thing. Jesus wanted his hearers not merely to rejoice but to do even more than rejoice if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/13.md b/mat/05/13.md index 84ba6fd5d7..db08a6c8d4 100644 --- a/mat/05/13.md +++ b/mat/05/13.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## You are the salt of the earth ## +Jesus begins to teach about how his disciples are like salt and light. -"You are like salt for the people of the world" or "As salt is for food, you are for the world." This can mean 1) "Just as salt makes food good, you must influence the people of the world so that they will be good" or 2) "Just as salt preserves food, so you will keep people from becoming totally corrupt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +# You are the salt of the earth -## if the salt has lost its taste ## +Possible meanings are 1) just as salt makes food good, a disciple of Jesus must influence the people of the world so that they will be good. AT: "You are like salt for the people of the world" or 2) just as salt preserves food, a disciple of Jesus must keep people from becoming totally corrupt. AT: "As salt is for food, you are for the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). -This can mean 1) "if the salt has lost its power to do things that salt does" (as in UDB) or 2) "if the salt has lost its flavor." +# if the salt has lost its taste -## how can it be made salty again? ## +Possible meanings are 1) "if the salt has lost its power to do things that salt does" or 2) "if the salt has lost its flavor." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"How can it be made useful again?" or "There is no way for it to become useful again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# how can it be made salty again? -## except to be thrown out and trampled under by people's feet ## +"how can it be made useful again?" Jesus uses a question to teach the disciples. AT: "there is no way for it to become useful again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"The only thing it is good for is to be thrown out on the road where people walk" +# except to be thrown out and trampled under people's feet -## You are the light of the world ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "except for people to throw it out into the road and walk on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"You are like light for the people of the world" +# You are the light of the world -## A city set on a hill cannot be concealed ## +This means Jesus' followers bring the message of God's truth to all the people who do not know God. AT: "You are like a light for the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"The lights of a city on a hill cannot be hidden at night" or "Everyone sees the lights of a city on a hill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# A city set on a hill cannot be hidden + +At night when it is dark, people can see the city lights shining. This can be stated in active form. AT: "During the night, no one can hide the lights that shine from a city on a hill" or "Everyone sees the lights of a city on a hill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/15.md b/mat/05/15.md index 3e669bb067..2104256951 100644 --- a/mat/05/15.md +++ b/mat/05/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). +# Neither do people light a lamp -## Neither do people light a lamp ## +"People do not light a lamp" -"People do not light a lamp." +# put it under a basket -## lamp ## +"place the lamp under a basket." This is saying it is foolish to create light only to hide it so people do not see the light of the lamp. -This is a small bowl with a wick and olive oil for fuel. The important thing is that it gave light. +# Let your light shine before people -## put it under a basket ## +This means a disciple of Jesus should live in such a way that others can learn about God's truth. AT: "Let your lives be like a light that shines before people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"place the lamp under a basket." This is saying it is foolish to create light only to hide it so people do not see the light of the lamp. \ No newline at end of file +# your Father who is in heaven + +It is best to translate "Father" with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/17.md b/mat/05/17.md index 902e2d28b3..31156a2edf 100644 --- a/mat/05/17.md +++ b/mat/05/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## not one jot or one tittle ## +Jesus begins to teach about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. -"not even the smallest written letter or the smallest part of a letter" or "not even the laws that seem unimportant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# the prophets -## heaven and earth ## +This refers to what the prophets wrote in the scriptures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"everything God has created" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +# truly I say to you -## all things shall have been accomplished ## +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -"God has done everything that was written in the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# until heaven and earth pass away + +Here "heaven" and "earth" refer to the entire universe. AT: "as long as the universe lasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# not one jot or one tittle + +The jot was the smallest Hebrew letter, and the tittle was a small mark that was the difference between two Hebrew letters. AT: "not even the smallest written letter or the smallest part of a letter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all things have been accomplished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all things have happened" or "God causes all things to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all things + +The phrase "all things" refers to everything in the law. AT: "everything in the law" or "all that is written in the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/19.md b/mat/05/19.md index c7fbf124d6..362b6ba731 100644 --- a/mat/05/19.md +++ b/mat/05/19.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). +# whoever breaks -## whoever breaks the least one of these commandments ## +"whoever disobeys" or "whoever ignores" -"whoever disobeys any of these commandments, even the least important commandments" +# the least one of these commandments -## will be called least ## +"any of these commandments, even the least important one" -"God will say that those people are the least important." +# will be called -## least ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will call that person" or "God will call them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"lowest in importance" +# least in the kingdom of heaven -## teaches them ## +The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in Matthew. If possible use "heaven" in your translation. AT: "the least important in his heavenly kingdom" or "the least important under the rule of our God in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -teaches any of God's commandments +# keeps them and teaches them -## great ## +"obeys all these commandments and teaches others to do the same" + +# great "most important" -## you ... your ... you ## +# For I say to you -These are plural. \ No newline at end of file +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# you ... your ... you + +These are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# that unless your righteousness exceeds ... you will in no way enter + +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "that your righteousness must exceed ... in order to enter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/21.md b/mat/05/21.md index 557ed5c025..4958d8850f 100644 --- a/mat/05/21.md +++ b/mat/05/21.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. "You have heard" and "I say to you" are spoken to the group using plurals. "You will not kill" is singular, but you may need to translate it as plural. +# Connecting Statement: -## But I say ## +Jesus continues to teach about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. Here he begins to speak about murder and anger. -The "I" is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis. +# General Information: -## kill ... kills ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The word "you" in "You have heard" and "I say to you" is plural. The command "You will not kill" is singular, but you may need to translate it as plural. + +# it was said to them in ancient times + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God told our ancestors long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Whoever kills will be in danger of the judgment + +Here "the judgment" implies that a judge will condemn the person to die. AT: "A judge will condemn anyone who kills another person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# kill ... kills This word refers to murder, not to all forms of killing. -## brother ## +# But I say + +The "I" is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis. + +# brother This refers to a fellow believer, not to a literal brother or a neighbor. -## worthless person ... fool ## +# will be in danger of the judgment + +It seems here Jesus is not referring to a human judge but rather to God condemning the person who is angry with his brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# worthless person ... fool These are insults for people who cannot think correctly. "Worthless person" is close to "brainless," where "fool" adds the idea of disobedience to God. -## council ## +# council This was likely a local council, not the main Sanhedrin in Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/23.md b/mat/05/23.md index a68056b3f1..9bfadc0ef8 100644 --- a/mat/05/23.md +++ b/mat/05/23.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). +# you -## you ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All occurrences of "you" and "your" are singular, but your language may require you to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All occurrences of “you” and “your” are singular, but your language may require you to translate them as plurals. - -## offering your gift ## +# offering your gift "giving your gift" or "bringing your gift" -## and there remember ## +# at the altar -"and when you are standing at the altar and you remember" +It is implied that this is God's altar at the temple in Jerusalem. AT: "to God at the altar in the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## your brother has anything against you ## +# there remember -"another person can recall some harm or damage caused by you" +"while you are standing at the altar you remember" -## first be reconciled with your brother ## +# your brother has anything against you -"make peace with your brother before you offer your gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"another person is angry with you because of something you did" + +# First be reconciled with your brother + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "First make peace with the person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/25.md b/mat/05/25.md index 22a1371b99..5f2f9fac7b 100644 --- a/mat/05/25.md +++ b/mat/05/25.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All occurrences of “you” and “your” are singular, but your language may require you to translate them as plurals. +# Agree with your -## lest perhaps your accuser hands you over ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All occurrences of "you" and "your" are singular, but your language may require you to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"the result could be that your accuser hands you over" or "because your accuser might hand you over” +# your accuser -## hands you over to the judge ## +This is a person who blames someone for doing something wrong. He takes the wrongdoer to court to accuse him before a judge. -"takes you to court" +# may hand you over to the judge -## officer ## +Here "hand you over" means to give someone into the control of someone else. AT: "will let the judge deal with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the judge may hand you over to the officer + +Here "hand you over" means to give someone into the control of someone else. AT: "the judge will give you over to the officer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# officer a person who has authority to carry out the decisions of a judge -## there ## +# you may be thrown into prison -prison \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the officer might put you in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# from there + +"from prison" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/27.md b/mat/05/27.md index db846889b4..6b93abd954 100644 --- a/mat/05/27.md +++ b/mat/05/27.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. "You have heard" and "I say to you" are plural. "You will not" is singular, but you may have to translate it as plural. +# Connecting Statement: -## commit ## +Jesus continues to teach about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. Here he begins to speak about adultery and lust. + +# General Information: + +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The word "you" in "You have heard" and "I say to you" is plural. The command "Do not commit adultery" is addressed to singular "you," but you may have to translate it as plural "you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# that it was said + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# commit This word means acting out or doing something. -## But I say to you ## +# But I say -The "I" is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis, as in [Matthew 5:21](./21.md). +The "I" is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:22](./21.md). -## everyone who looks on a woman to lust after her has already committed adultery with her in his heart ## +# everyone who looks on a woman to lust after her has already committed adultery with her in his heart -This metaphor indicates that a man who lusts after a woman is as guilty of adultery as a man who actually commits the act of adultery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This metaphor indicates that a man who lusts after a woman is as guilty of adultery as a man who actually commits the act of adultery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## looks on a woman to lust ## +# to lust after her -"desires in the mind to have another woman" \ No newline at end of file +"and lusts after her" or "and desires to sleep with her" + +# in his heart + +Here "heart" refers to a person's thoughts. AT: "in his mind" or "in his thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/29.md b/mat/05/29.md index 8675d65536..6084b30b7d 100644 --- a/mat/05/29.md +++ b/mat/05/29.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All instances of "you" and "your" are singular, but you may have to translate them as plurals. +# If your -## right eye … right hand ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All instances of "you" and "your" are singular, but you may have to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -The most important eye or hand, as opposed to the left eye or hand. You may need to translate "right" as "best." or "only." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# If your right eye causes you to stumble -## if your right eye causes you to stumble ## +Here "eye" refers to what a person sees. And, "stumble" is a metaphor for "sin." AT: "if what you see causes you to stumble" or "if you want to sin because of what you see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"if what you see causes you to stumble" or "if you want to sin because of what you see." "Stumble" is a metaphor for "sin." Jesus is using irony here, as people usually use their eyes to keep from stumbling over things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +# right eye ... right hand -## pluck it out ## +This means the most important eye or hand, as opposed to the left eye or hand. You may need to translate "right" as "better" or "stronger." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"forcefully remove it" or "destroy it" (see UDB). If the right eye is not specifically mentioned, you may need to translate this "pluck your eyes out." If eyes have been mentioned, you may need to translate this "pluck them out" (see UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]].) +# pluck it out ... cut it off -## throw it away from you ## +These commands are exaggerations for a person doing whatever he needs to do to stop sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# pluck it out + +"forcefully remove it" or "destroy it." If the right eye is not specifically mentioned, you may need to translate this "destroy your eyes." If eyes have been mentioned, you may need to translate this "destroy them." + +# throw it away from you "get rid of it" -## one of your body parts should perish ## +# one of your body parts should perish "you should lose one part of your body" -## if your right hand causes ## +# than that your whole body should be thrown into hell -This metonymy is used to connect the hand to the actions of the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "than for God to throw your whole body into hell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If your right hand causes + +In this metonymy, the hand stands for the actions of the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/31.md b/mat/05/31.md index 90ba277193..1f523497a7 100644 --- a/mat/05/31.md +++ b/mat/05/31.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## It was ... said ## +Jesus continues to teach about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. Here he begins to speak about divorce. -God is the one who "said" (see UDB). Jesus uses the passive here to make it plain that it is not God or God's word that he disagrees with. Rather, he is saying that a divorce is just only if it occurs for the right reason. A divorce can be unjust even if the man obeys the command to give a written notice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]].) +# It was also said -## sends his wife away ## +God is the one who "said." Jesus uses the passive here to make it plain that it is not God or God's word that he disagrees with. Rather, he is saying that a divorce is just only if it occurs for the right reason. A divorce can be unjust even if the man obeys the command to give a written notice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sends his wife away This is a euphemism for divorce. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## let him give ## +# let him give -This is a command: "he must give." +"he must give" -## But I say to you ## +# But I say -Jesus is indicating that he is about to say something different from what "was also said." The emphasis is on "I" because he is claiming that he is more important the one who "said." +The "I" is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:22](./21.md). -## makes her an adulteress ## +# makes her an adulteress -It is the man who divorces the woman improperly who "causes her to commit adultery" (use the same words for "commit adultery that you used in [Matthew 5:27](./27.md)). In many cultures it would be normal for her to remarry, but if the divorce is improper, such a remarriage is adultery (see UDB). \ No newline at end of file +It is the man who divorces the woman improperly who "causes her to commit adultery." In many cultures it would be normal for her to remarry, but if the divorce is improper, such a remarriage is adultery. + +# her after she has been divorced + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "her after her husband has divorced her" or "the divorced woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/33.md b/mat/05/33.md index 4b7656cfa4..8cbdb8be7e 100644 --- a/mat/05/33.md +++ b/mat/05/33.md @@ -1,30 +1,43 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus continues to teach about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. Here he begins to speak about swearing oaths. + +# General Information: + Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The "you" in "you have heard" and "I say to you" are plural. The "you" in "you will not swear" and "you will carry" are singular. -## you have heard that it was said ## +# Again, you -"your religious leaders have said to you, 'God said to those in ancient times, "You will not swear."'" Jesus uses the passive here to make it plain that it is not God or God's word that he disagrees with. Rather, he is telling his hearers not to use what does not belong to them to try to make people believe their words. +"Also, you" or "Here is another example. You" -## it was said ## +# you have heard that it was said ... false oath -Translate this the way you did in [Matthew 5:31](./31.md). +Jesus makes it plain here that he agrees with God and his word. But, he is telling his hearers not to use what does not belong to them to try to make people believe their words. AT: "your religious leaders have said to you that God told ... false oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## swear … oaths ## +# Do not swear a false oath, but carry out your oaths -This can mean 1) tell God and people that you will do what God requires you to do (see UDB) or 2) tell people that God knows that what you are saying about something you have seen is true. +Possible meanings are 1) do not swear to the Lord that you will do something then not do it, or 2) do not swear by the Lord that you know something to be true when you know that it is not true. -## But I say to you ## +# But I say -Translate this the same way you translated it in [Matthew 5:31](./31.md). +The "I" is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:22](./21.md). -## swear not … by heaven … the throne of God … by the earth … the footstool for his feet … by Jerusalem … the city of the great King ## +# swear not at all ... city of the great King -This metaphor from Isaiah [Isaiah 66:1](../../isa/66/01.md) and Psalm [Psalms 148:1](../../psa/148/001.md) is of God as "the great King." Just as none of Jesus' hearers would think of treating an earthly king's beautiful throne, or even his lowly footstool or the city where he lives, as his own to make his own words strong, so they should not use heaven or earth or Jerusalem to back up their words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]].) +Here Jesus means a person should not swear on anything. It seems some were teaching that it was less offensive if a person did not keep an oath if they swore by something other than God, such as swearing by heaven, earth, or Jerusalem. Jesus says this is just as bad because they all belong to God. -## swear not at all ## +# swear not at all -If your language has a plural form for commands, use it here. "You will not swear a false oath" (verse 33) allows the hearer to swear but forbids false oaths. "Swear not at all" here forbids all oaths. +If your language has a plural form for commands, use it here. "You will not swear a false oath" allows the hearer to swear but forbids false oaths. "Swear not at all" forbids all oaths. -## swear not ## +# it is the throne of God -Translate this the same way you translated it in verse 33. \ No newline at end of file +Here "throne" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "it is from here that God rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it is the footstool for his feet + +This metaphor means the earth also belongs to God. AT: "it is like a footstool where a king rests his feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for it is the city of the great King + +"for it is the city that belongs to God, the great king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/36.md b/mat/05/36.md index 7ba30a56ba..8d41ebf080 100644 --- a/mat/05/36.md +++ b/mat/05/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" in "will you swear" and "you cannot" are singular, but you may have to translate them as plurals. "Your" in "your speech" is plural. -35]] Jesus has told his hearers that God's throne, footstool, and earthly home are not theirs to swear by. Here he says that even their own heads are not theirs to swear by. +# General Information: -## swear ## +Previously Jesus told his hearers that God's throne, footstool, and earthly home are not theirs to swear by. Here he says that they may not swear even by their own heads. -Translate this with the same word you used in [Matthew 5:33](./33.md). +# your ... you -## let your speech be, 'Yes, yes,' or 'No, no.' ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All occurrences of these words are singular, but you may have to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# swear + +This refers to taking an oath. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:34](./33.md). + +# let your speech be, 'Yes, yes,' or 'No, no.' "if you mean 'yes,' say 'yes,' and if you mean 'no,' say 'no.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/38.md b/mat/05/38.md index e51d96a6ed..4af9f8b41d 100644 --- a/mat/05/38.md +++ b/mat/05/38.md @@ -1,38 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. +# Connecting Statement: -## You have heard that it was said ## +Jesus continues to teach about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. Here he begins to speak about retaliating against an enemy. -Translate this the way you translated it in [Matthew 5:33](./33.md). +# General Information: -## You have heard ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The word "you" in "You have heard" and "I say to you" is plural. The phrase "whoever strikes you" is addressed to singular "you," but you may have to translate it as plural "you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -The "you" is singular.. +# You have heard that it was said -## eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth ## +Jesus agrees with God and his word. But, he does not agree with the way the religious leaders had applied God's word. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:33](./33.md). AT: "Your religious leaders have told you that God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -The people were allowed to do to others what was done to them, but only to the extent of the harm done. +# eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth -## But I say to you ## +The law of Moses allowed a person to harm a person in the same way he had harmed him, but he could not harm him worse. -Translate this the same way you translated it in [Matthew 5:31](./31.md). +# But I say -## one who is evil ## +The "I" is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:22](./21.md). -"an evil person" or "someone who harms you" (UDB) +# one who is evil -## whoever strikes you on your right cheek, turn ## +"an evil person" or "someone who harms you" -All of these are plural. +# strikes ... your right cheek -## strikes ... your right cheek ## +To strike the side of a man's face was an insult in Jesus' culture. As with the eye and the hand, the right cheek is the more important one, and striking that cheek was a terrible insult. -To strike the side of a man's was an insult in Jesus' culture. As with the eye and the hand ([Matthew 5:29](./29.md)), the "right" cheek is metaphorically the more important of the two, and striking that cheek was the worst possible insult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]].) +# strikes -## strikes ## +"slaps." This means hitting someone with the back of an open hand. -The verb specifies that the strike is made with the back of an open hand. +# turn to him the other also -## turn to him the other also ## - -"let him hit your other cheek also." \ No newline at end of file +"let him hit your other cheek also" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/40.md b/mat/05/40.md index b6dc928465..ee18899bd9 100644 --- a/mat/05/40.md +++ b/mat/05/40.md @@ -1,26 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All "you" and "your" are singular, as are the commands "let," "go," "give," and "do not turn away," but you may have to translate them as plurals. +# General Information: -## coat ... cloak ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All "you" and "your" are singular, as are the commands "let," "go," "give," and "do not turn away," but you may have to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# coat ... cloak The "coat" was worn close to the body, like a heavy shirt or a sweater. The "cloak," the more valuable of the two, was worn over the "coat" for warmth and also used as a blanket for warmth at night. -## let that person ... have ## +# let that person also have -"give to that person" +"give also to that person" -## whoever ## +# Whoever -any person +"If someone." It is implied that this is a Roman soldier. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## one mile ## +# one mile -one thousand paces, the distance a Roman soldier could legally force someone to carry something for him +This is one thousand paces, which is the distance a Roman soldier could legally force someone to carry something for him. If "mile" is confusing, it can be translated as "one kilometer" or "a far distance." -## with him ## +# with him -this refers to the one who compels you to go. +This refers to the one who compels you to go. -## go with him two ## +# go with him two -"go the mile he forces you to go, then go another mile" \ No newline at end of file +"go the mile he forces you to go, then go another mile." If "mile" is confusing, you can translate it as "two kilometers" or "twice as far." + +# do not turn away from + +"do not refuse to lend to." This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "lend to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/43.md b/mat/05/43.md index 48a70a3611..085bfdfaa2 100644 --- a/mat/05/43.md +++ b/mat/05/43.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. Only "you will love ... and hate your enemy" are singular, but you may have to translate them as plurals. All other instances of "you," as well as the commands "love" and "pray," are plural. +# Connecting Statement: -## You have heard that it was said ## +Jesus continues to teach about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. Here he begins to speak about loving enemies. -Translate this the way you translated it in [Matthew 5:33](./33.md). +# General Information: -## neighbor ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. Only "you will love ... and hate your enemy" are singular, but you may have to translate them as plurals. All other instances of "you," as well as the commands "love" and "pray," are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# You have heard that it was said + +Jesus agrees with God and his word. But, he does not agree with the way the religious leaders had applied God's word. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:33](./33.md). AT: "Your religious leaders have told you that God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# neighbor The word "neighbor" here refers to members of the same community or people group whom one usually desires to or ought to treat kindly. It does not refer simply to people who live nearby. You may have to translate it as plural. -## But I say to you ## +# But I say -Translate this the same way you translated it in [Matthew 5:31](./31.md). +The "I" is emphatic. This indicates that what Jesus says is equally important to the original commands from God. Try to translate this phrase in a way that shows that emphasis. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:22](./21.md). -## you may be sons of your Father ## +# you may be sons of your Father -"you may have the character of your Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is best to translate "sons" with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to human sons or children. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/46.md b/mat/05/46.md index 6eaf2aa370..dbb822e12e 100644 --- a/mat/05/46.md +++ b/mat/05/46.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](./01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All instances of “you” and "your" are plural. -The four questions in these verses are all rhetorical questions. UDB shows how they can be made into statements. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Connecting Statement: -## greet ## +Jesus finishes teaching about how he has come to fulfill the Old Testament law. This section began in [Matthew 5:17](./17.md). -This is a general term for showing a desire for the well-being of the hearer. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All instances of "you" and "your" are plural. The questions in these verses are all rhetorical. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# greet + +This is a general term for showing a desire for the well-being of the hearer. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/05/intro.md b/mat/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..de6658e88a --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Matthew 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Formatting #### + +Matthew 5-7, traditionally called The Sermon on the Mount, forms one lengthy teaching by Jesus. The chapter divisions cause needless confusion here. A title could help the reader understand that these chapters form one section or unit. The translator should be aware that there is some question about the teaching applies to Israel, the church or the future kingdom of God. + +5:3-10, known as the Beatitudes or Blessings, has been set apart by using indentation, with each line beginning with the word "blessed." This indentation highlights the poetic form of this teaching. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "His disciples" ##### + +It is possible to refer to anyone who followed Jesus as a follower or disciple. Jesus selected twelve of his followers to become his inner circle, the twelve disciples. They would later become known as the apostles. It may have significance that this teaching was for the twelve apostles. + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/01.md b/mat/06/01.md index 81359e183e..9b8aabbe0f 100644 --- a/mat/06/01.md +++ b/mat/06/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All “you” and "your" are plural. +# Connecting Statement: -## do not sound a trumpet before yourself ## +Jesus continues to teach his disciples in his Sermon on the Mount, which began in [Matthew 5:3](../05/01.md). In this section, Jesus addresses the "acts of righteousness" of alms, prayer, and fasting. -do not draw attention to yourself like someone who plays a loud trumpet in a crowd (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# General Information: -## praise ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All "you" and "your" are plural. -Use the same word you used in [Matthew 5:15](../05/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +# before people to be seen by them + +It is implied that those who see the person will honor him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "in front of people just so that they can see you and give you honor for what you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# do not sound a trumpet before yourself + +This metaphor means to do something that purposefully gets people's attention. AT: "do not draw attention to yourself like someone who plays a loud trumpet in a crowd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/03.md b/mat/06/03.md index 840ce2fbff..f228aa69c7 100644 --- a/mat/06/03.md +++ b/mat/06/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All “you” and “your” are plural. +# Connecting Statement: -## do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing ## +Jesus continues to teach his disciples about alms. + +# General Information: + +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All "you" and "your" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing This is a metaphor for total secrecy. Just as hands usually work together and can be said to "know" what each other is doing at all times, you should not let even those closest to you know when you are giving to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your alms may be given in private ## +# your gift may be given in secret -"you will give to the poor without other people knowing" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you can give to the poor without other people knowing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/05.md b/mat/06/05.md index 800a1ea0e3..f1efd6d920 100644 --- a/mat/06/05.md +++ b/mat/06/05.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All “you” and “your” in verses 5 and 7 are plural; in verse 6 they are singular, but you may have to translate them as plural. +# Connecting Statement: -## Truly I say to you ## +Jesus begins to teach about prayer. -AT: "I tell you the truth." +# General Information: -## enter your inner chamber ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All "you" and "your" in verses 5 and 7 are plural; in verse 6 they are singular, but you may have to translate them as plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "go to a private place" or "go to an inner room." +# so that they may be seen by people -## your Father who sees in private ## +It is implied that those who see them will give them honor. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that people will see them and give them honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This can be translated "your Father sees what people do in private." +# Truly I say to you -## useless repetitions ## +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -repeating meaningless words +# enter your inner chamber. Shut the door -## much speaking ## +"go to a private place" or "go where you can be alone" -"long prayers" or "many words" \ No newline at end of file +# Father who is in secret + +Possible meanings are 1) no one can see God, or 2) God is in that private place with the person praying. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# your Father who sees in secret + +"your Father will see what you do in private and" + +# make useless repetitions + +"repeat meaningless words" + +# they will be heard + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "their false gods will hear them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/08.md b/mat/06/08.md index ef09ca8577..c1e6246f65 100644 --- a/mat/06/08.md +++ b/mat/06/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. He speaks to them as a group in the plural as far as "pray like this." All occurrences of "your" after "Heavenly Father" are singular. +# General Information: -## sanctify your name ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. He speaks to them as a group in the plural as far as "pray like this." All occurrences of "your" after "Heavenly Father" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"we want everyone to know you are holy" +# Father -## Let your kingdom come ## +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -"We want to see you rule over everyone and everything completely" \ No newline at end of file +# may your name be sanctified + +Here "name" refers to God himself. AT: "make everyone honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May your kingdom come + +Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "May you rule over everyone and everything completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# May your will be done on earth as it is in heaven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may everything on earth happen in accordance with your will as everything in heaven does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/11.md b/mat/06/11.md index e2a9edc7cf..f5b0edacda 100644 --- a/mat/06/11.md +++ b/mat/06/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -All instances of "we," "us," and "our" refer to the crowd that Jesus is addressing (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +# General Information: -## debts ## +All instances of "we," "us," and "our" refer to the those who later would pray as Jesus was teaching them to pray, but not to God, to whom they would be praying, so they would be exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# daily bread + +Here "bread" refers to food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# debts A debt is what one person owes another. This is a metaphor for sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## debtors ## +# debtors -A debtor is a person who owes debts to another. This is a metaphor for sinners. \ No newline at end of file +A debtor is a person who owes debts to another. This is a metaphor for sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not bring us into temptation + +The word "temptation," an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. AT: "Do not let anything tempt us" or "Do not let anything cause us to desire to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/14.md b/mat/06/14.md index c49959384a..548d4292c2 100644 --- a/mat/06/14.md +++ b/mat/06/14.md @@ -1,2 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All instances of "you" and "your" are plural. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +All instances of "you" and "your" are plural. However, Jesus is telling them what will happen to them as individuals if each person does not forgive others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# trespasses + +"wrongs" or "sins" + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/16.md b/mat/06/16.md index fd08501ad5..9f9793befa 100644 --- a/mat/06/16.md +++ b/mat/06/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All occurances of “you” and “your” in verses 17 and 18 are singular, but you may want to translate them as plural to match the plural "you" in verse 16. +# Connecting Statement: -## Moreover ## +Jesus begins to teach about fasting. + +# General Information: + +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All occurrences of "you" and "your" in verses 17 and 18 are singular, but you may want to translate them as plural to match the plural "you" in verse 16. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Moreover "Also" -## anoint your head ## +# they disfigure their faces -"look the same as you usually do." To "anoint" the head here is to take normal care of one's hair. It has nothing to do with "Christ" meaning "anointed one." \ No newline at end of file +The hypocrites would not wash their faces or comb their hair. They did this purposely to draw attention to themselves so that people would see them and give them honor for fasting. + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# anoint your head + +"put oil in your hair" or "groom your hair." To "anoint" the head here is to take normal care of one's hair. It has nothing to do with "Christ" meaning "anointed one." Jesus means that people should look the same whether they are fasting or not. + +# Father who is in secret + +Possible meanings are 1) no one can see God, or 2) God is in that private place with the person praying. See how you translated this in [Matthew 6:6](./05.md). + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# who sees in secret + +"who sees what you do in private." See how you translated this in [Matthew 6:6](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/19.md b/mat/06/19.md index b65e387fbb..797b1c9f05 100644 --- a/mat/06/19.md +++ b/mat/06/19.md @@ -1,6 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are plural, except in verse 21, where they are singular. +# Connecting Statement: -## store up for yourselves treasures ## +Jesus begins to teach about money and possessions. -Treasures are physical objects that please us. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are plural, except in verse 21, where they are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# treasures + +"riches" + +# where moth and rust destroy + +"where moth and rust ruin treasures" + +# moth + +a small, flying insect that destroys cloth + +# rust + +a brown substance that forms on metals + +# store up for yourselves treasures in heaven + +This is a metaphor that means do good things on earth so God will reward you in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there will your heart be also + +Here "heart" means a person's thoughts and interests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/22.md b/mat/06/22.md index 5dfed5fc5c..ca719c2773 100644 --- a/mat/06/22.md +++ b/mat/06/22.md @@ -1,38 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are all singular, but you may need to translate them as plurals. +# General Information: -## The eye is the lamp of the body ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are all singular, but you may need to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"like a lamp, the eye allows you to see things clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# The eye is the lamp of the body ... how great is that darkness -## if your eye is good, the whole body is filled with light ## +This compares healthy eyes that allow a person to see to diseased eyes that cause a person to be blind. This is a metaphor referring to spiritual health. Often Jewish people used the phrase "bad eye" to refer to greed. The meaning is: if a person is completely devoted to God and sees things the way he does, then they are doing what is right. If a person is greedy for more, then he is doing what is evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -If your eyes are healthy, if you can see, then your whole body is able to function properly. That is, you can walk, work, etc. This is a metaphor for seeing things as God sees them, specifically in the area of generosity and greed (see UDB). +# The eye is the lamp of the body -## eye ## +This metaphor means the eyes allow a person to see just as a lamp helps a person see in the dark. AT: "Like a lamp, the eye allows you to see things clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -You may have to translate this as plural. +# eye -## filled with light ## +You may have to translate this as plural, "eyes." -This is a metaphor for having understanding. +# if your eye is bad -## if your eye is bad ## +This does not refer to magic. Jewish people often used this as a metaphor for someone who is greedy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This does not refer to magic. Alternative translation: "you do not see things as God sees them." It can also be a metaphor for greed (see UDB "How greedy you will be" and [Matthew 20:15](../20/15.md)). +# for either he will hate the one and love the other, or else he will be devoted to one and despise the other -## the light that is in you is actually darkness ## +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that a person cannot love and be devoted both to God and money at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"what you think is light is actually darkness." This is a metaphor for thinking one sees things as God sees them when one does not. +# You cannot serve God and wealth -## how great is that darkness ## - -To be in darkness is bad. To be in darkness and think one is in light is even worse. - -## for either he will hate the one and love the other, or else he will be devoted to one and despise the other ## - -These two phrases refer to the same issue--being unable to love and be devoted to both God and money at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## You cannot serve God and wealth ## - -"You cannot worship God and money at the same time" \ No newline at end of file +"You cannot love God and money at the same time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/25.md b/mat/06/25.md index 6a5d2e8ed2..c480ae6052 100644 --- a/mat/06/25.md +++ b/mat/06/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of “you” and “your” are all plural. +# General Information: -## is not life more than food, and the body more than clothes? ## +Here the instances of "you" and "your" are all plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -Food and clothing are not the most important things in life. This rhetorical question means "your life is more than what you eat and what you wear." Alternative translation: "life is more than food, is it not? And the body is more than clothes, is it not?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]].) +# I say to you -## barns ## +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# to you + +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. + +# is not life more than food, and the body more than clothes? + +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. AT: "obviously life is more than what you eat, and your body is more than what you wear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# barns places to store crops -## Are not you of much more value than they ## +# Father -This rhetorical question means "You are much more valuable than the birds." Alternative translation: "You are much more valuable than the birds, are you not?" \ No newline at end of file +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Are you not more valuable than they are? + +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. AT: "Obviously you are more valuable than birds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/27.md b/mat/06/27.md index 6401a8625e..e28dfb8052 100644 --- a/mat/06/27.md +++ b/mat/06/27.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All instances of “you” and “your” are plural. +# General Information: -## And which one of you by being anxious can add one cubit to his lifespan? ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All instances of "you" and "your" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -This rhetorical question means that no one can live longer by worrying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Which one of you by being anxious can add one cubit to his lifespan? -## one cubit ## +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. AT: "None of you can, just by worrying, add years to your life. You cannot add even one minute to your life! So you should not worry about things you need." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -A "cubit" was a little less than half a meter. In this instance, it is used as a metaphor for adding time to a lifespan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# one cubit -## And why are you anxious about clothing? ## +A cubit is a measure of a little less than half a meter. Here it is a metaphor for adding time to how long a person will live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This rhetorical question means "you should not be worried about what you will wear." +# Why are you anxious about clothing? -## Think about ## +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. AT: "You should not be worried about what you will wear." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Think about "Consider" -## lilies ## +# lilies -a kind of wild flower \ No newline at end of file +a kind of wild flower (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# I say to you + +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# was not clothed like one of these + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "did not wear clothes that are as beautiful as these lilies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/30.md b/mat/06/30.md index 8177a943b3..7ad11d3c1a 100644 --- a/mat/06/30.md +++ b/mat/06/30.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of “you” and “your” are plural. +# General Information: -## grass ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are plural. -If your language has a word that includes "grass" and the word you used for "lilies" in [Matthew 6:27](./27.md), you can use it here. +# so clothes the grass -## thrown into the oven ## +This is a metaphor that means God makes the flowers beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The Jews of Jesus' day used grass in their fires to cook their food (see UDB). Alternative translation: "thrown into the fire" or "burned up." +# grass -## O you of little faith ## +If your language has a word that includes "grass" and the word you used for "lilies" in the previous verse, you can use it here. -Jesus is scolding the people because they have little faith in God.Alternative translation: "You who have such little faith" or as a new sentence, "Why do you have such little faith?" +# is thrown into the oven -## Therefore ## +The Jews at that time used grass in their fires to cook their food. This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone throws it into a fire" or "someone burns it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Alternative translation: "Because of all of this." \ No newline at end of file +# how much more will he clothe you ... faith? + +Jesus is using a question to teach the people. AT: "he will certainly clothe you ... faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you of little faith + +"you who have such little faith." Jesus is scolding the people because they have little faith in God. + +# Therefore + +"Because of all of this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/32.md b/mat/06/32.md index fed9a394d4..b56fb2b0c2 100644 --- a/mat/06/32.md +++ b/mat/06/32.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of “you” and “your” are plural. +# For the Gentiles search for these things -## For ... for ## +"for the Gentiles are concerned about what they will eat, drink, and wear" -These each introduce a sentence that explains [Matthew 6:30](./30.md). That is, the Gentiles seek these things, so "do not be anxious"; "your heavenly Father knows that you need them," so "do not be anxious." +# your heavenly Father knows that you need them -## Therefore ## +Jesus is implying that God will make sure their basic needs are met. -Alternative translation: "Because of all of this." +# Father -## tomorrow will be anxious for itself ## +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -This personification actually refers to the person who lives "the next day" (see UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# seek first his kingdom and his righteousness -## Sufficient to the day is its own evil ## +Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "concern yourselves with serving God, who is your king, and doing what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -this can be translated as "the day will have enough bad things in it." \ No newline at end of file +# all these things will be given to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will provide all these things for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Therefore + +"Because of all this" + +# tomorrow will be anxious for itself + +Jesus is describing "tomorrow" as if it is a person who can worry. Jesus means that a person will have enough to worry about when the next day comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/06/intro.md b/mat/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f1b045832d --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Matthew 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Formatting #### + +Matthew 6 continues Jesus' extended teaching known as "The Sermon on the Mount." + +The translator may wish to set apart the prayer in 6:9-11 by using indentation. Since this chapter quickly shifts from one topic to another, it is possible to use a line of space between topic to distinguish between them more easily. + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/01.md b/mat/07/01.md index cbb8bd79de..e3190c7ba1 100644 --- a/mat/07/01.md +++ b/mat/07/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of “you” and the commands are plural. +# Connecting Statement: -## you will be judged ## +Jesus continues to teach his disciples in his Sermon on the Mount, which began in [Matthew 5:3](../05/01.md). -This could be stated in active form: "God will condemn you" (UDB) or "people will condemn you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# General Information: -## For ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and the commands are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -Be sure the reader understands that verse 2 is based on verse 1. +# Do not judge -## measure ## +It is implied here that "judge" has the strong meaning of "condemn harshly" or "declare guilty." AT: "Do not condemn people harshly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -This can refer to 1) the amount of punishment given (see UDB) or 2) the standard used for judgment. \ No newline at end of file +# you will not be judged + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not condemn you harshly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For + +Be sure the reader understands the statement in 7:2 is based on what Jesus said in 7:1. + +# with the judgment you judge, you will be judged + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will condemn you in the same way you condemn others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# measure + +Possible meanings are 1) this is the amount of punishment given or 2) this is the standard used for judgment. + +# it will be measured out to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will measure it out to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/03.md b/mat/07/03.md index 612cb95099..8b00dc5109 100644 --- a/mat/07/03.md +++ b/mat/07/03.md @@ -1,26 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of “you” and “your” are all singular, but you may need to translate them as plurals. +# General Information: -## why do you look ... How can you say ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are all singular, but you may need to translate them as plurals. -Jesus is challenging them to look at their own faults or sins first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Why do you look ... but you do not notice the log that is in your own eye? -## tiny piece of straw ... log ## +Jesus uses this question to challenge the people to pay attention to their own sins before they pay attention to another person's sins. AT: "do not look ... but ignore the log that is in your own eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -These are metaphors for a person's least important and most important faults. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# the tiny piece of straw that is in your brother's eye -## brother ## +This is a metaphor that refers to the less important faults of a fellow believer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This refers to a fellow believer, not to a literal brother or a neighbor. +# tiny piece of straw -## eye ## +"speck" or "splinter" or "bit of dust." Use a word for the smallest thing that commonly falls into a person's eyes. -This is a metaphor for life. +# brother -## tiny piece of straw ## +All occurrences of "brother" in 7:3-5 refer to a fellow believer, not to a literal brother or a neighbor. -"speck" (UDB) or "splinter" or "bit of dust." Use a word for the smallest thing that commonly falls into people's eyes. +# the log that is in your own eye -## log ## +This is a metaphor for a person's most important faults. A log could not literally go into a person's eye. Jesus is exaggerating to emphasize that a person should pay attention to his own more important faults before he deals with another person's less important faults. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -The largest part of a tree that has been cut down, a piece of wood far too large to literally go into a person's eye. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +# log + +the largest part of a tree that someone has cut down + +# How can you say ... your own eye? + +Jesus asks this question to challenge the people to pay attention to their own sins before they pay attention to another person's sins. AT: "You should not say ... your own eye." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/06.md b/mat/07/06.md index a759adcf65..7942f0c063 100644 --- a/mat/07/06.md +++ b/mat/07/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of “you” and “your” are all plural. +# General Information: -## dogs ... hogs ... trample ... turn and tear ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are all plural. -It is probably the hogs who would "trample" and the dogs who would "turn and tear" (see UDB). +# dogs ... hogs -## dogs ... hogs ## +Jews considered these animals dirty, and God told the Jews not to eat them. They are metaphors for wicked people who do not value holy things. It would be best to translate these words literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -These animals were considered dirty and God told the Israelites not to eat them. They are metaphors for wicked people who do not value holy things (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). It would be best to translate these words literally. +# pearls -## pearls ## +These are similar to round, valuable stones or beads. They are a metaphor for the knowledge of God or precious things in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -These are similar to round, valuable stones or beads. They are a metaphor for the knowledge of God (see UDB) or precious things in general. \ No newline at end of file +# they may trample + +"the pigs may trample" + +# then turn and tear + +"the dogs will then turn and tear" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/07.md b/mat/07/07.md index 6c630257d8..4c02c6729a 100644 --- a/mat/07/07.md +++ b/mat/07/07.md @@ -1,34 +1,43 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. All instances of “you” and “your” are plural. +# General Information: -## ask ... seek ... knock ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are all plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -These are three metaphors for persistent prayer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]].) If your language has a form for continuing to do things over time (see UDB), use it here. +# Ask ... Seek ... Knock -## ask ## +These are metaphors for praying to God. The verb form shows that we are to keep praying until he answers. If your language has a form for continuing to do something over and over, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -request things from God (see UDB) +# Ask -## seek ## +This means to request things from God. -"expect" (UDB) or "search for" +# it will be given to you -## knock ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will give you what you need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -To knock on a door was a polite way to request that the person inside the house or room open the door. If knocking on a door is impolite, use the word that describes how people politely ask for doors to be opened or translate it "tell God you want him to open the door." +# Seek -## Or .... Or ## +"Seek from God what you need" -Jesus is about to say what he has just said in different words. These may be omitted (UDB). +# Knock -## what man among you is there ## +To knock on a door was a polite way to request that the person inside the house or room open the door. If knocking on a door is impolite or not done in your culture, use the word that describes how people politely ask for doors to be opened. AT: "Tell God you want him to open the door" -This rhetorical question means "none of you would." (See: UDB, [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# it will be opened to you -## a loaf of bread ... stone ... fish ... snake ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will open it for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -These should be translated literally. +# Or which one of you ... a stone? -## a loaf of bread ## +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. AT: "There is not one person among you ... a stone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"some food" \ No newline at end of file +# a loaf of bread + +This refers to food in general. AT: "some food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# stone ... fish ... snake + +These nouns should be translated literally. + +# Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake? + +Jesus asks another question to teach the people. It is understood that Jesus is still referring to a man and his son. AT: "And there is not one person among you, if his son asks for a fish, will give him a snake." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/11.md b/mat/07/11.md index 87ab043ff9..7d7c121eaa 100644 --- a/mat/07/11.md +++ b/mat/07/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of “you” and “your” are plural. +# General Information: -## things you want people to do to you ## +Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of "you" and "your" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"way you want others to act toward you" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +# how much more will your Father in heaven give ... him? + +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. AT: "then your Father in heaven will most certainly give ... him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# whatever things you want people to do to you + +"whatever way you want others to act toward you" + +# for this is the law and the prophets + +Here "law" and "prophets" refer to what Moses and the prophets wrote. AT: "for this is what Moses and the prophets teach in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/13.md b/mat/07/13.md index f3200fa007..503c6c8c9a 100644 --- a/mat/07/13.md +++ b/mat/07/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). -Jesus is talking to a group of people about what might happen to them as individuals. The instances of “you” and “your” are plural. -When you translate, use appropriate words for "wide" and "broad" that are as different from "narrow" as possible to emphasize the differences between the two sets of gates and ways. +# General Information: -## Enter through the narrow gate ## +This image of walking through a wide gate to destruction or a narrow gate to life represents how people live and the results of how they live. + +# General Information: + +When you translate, use appropriate words for "wide" and "broad" that are as different as possible from "narrow" in order to emphasize the differences between the two sets of gates and ways. + +# Enter through the narrow gate ... few who find it + +This is an image of people traveling on a road and going through a gate into a kingdom. One kingdom is easy to enter; the other is hard to enter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Enter through the narrow gate You may need to move this to the end of verse 14: "Therefore, enter through the narrow gate." -## gate … way ## +# the gate ... the way -This metaphor is most likely of people walking the "way," reaching the "gate," and then entering "life" or "destruction" (see UDB, [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). So you may need to translate "broad is the way that leads to destruction and wide is the gate by which people enter it." Others understand the gate and way as hendiadys, which would not need to be reordered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "the way" refers to the road that leads to the gate of a kingdom, or 2) the "the gate" and "the way" both refer to the entrance to the kingdom. -## wide is the gate and broad is the way … narrow is the gate, and narrow is the way ## +# to destruction ... to life -The ULB puts the adjectives before the verbs to emphasize the contrast between the adjectives. Structure your translation the way your language usually contasts adjectives. - -## destruction ## - -This is a general term for people being destroyed. In context it refers literally to physical death (see UDB), which is a metaphor for eternal death. This is the opposite of physical "life," which is a metaphor for eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +These abstract nouns can be translated with verbs. AT: "to the place where people die ... to the place where people live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/15.md b/mat/07/15.md index 1e2c945b2b..4e5ed52f5c 100644 --- a/mat/07/15.md +++ b/mat/07/15.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). - -## Beware of ## +# Beware of "Be on guard against" -## By their fruits ## +# who come to you in sheep's clothing but are truly ravenous wolves -Jesus compares the actions of the prophets to fruit produced by plants. Alternate translation: "by the way they act." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This metaphor means false prophets will pretend like they are good and want to help you, but they are really evil and will do you harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Do people gather …? ## +# By their fruits you will know them -"People do not gather …." The people Jesus is talking to would have known that the answer is no. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This metaphor refers to a person's actions. AT: "Just as you know a tree by the fruit that grows on it, you will know false prophets by how they act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## good tree brings forth good fruit ## +# Do people gather ... thistles? -Jesus continues to use the metaphor of fruit to refer to good prophets who produce good works or words. +Jesus uses a question to teach the people. The people would have known that the answer is no. AT: "People do not gather ... thistles." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## ruined tree brings forth bad fruit ## +# every good tree produces good fruit -Jesus continues to use the metaphor of fruit to refer to bad prophets who produce evil works or words. \ No newline at end of file +Jesus continues to use the metaphor of fruit to refer to good prophets who produce good works or words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the bad tree produces bad fruit + +Jesus continues to use the metaphor of fruit to refer to bad prophets who produce evil works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/18.md b/mat/07/18.md index ff8ebc536e..37b32d5ca8 100644 --- a/mat/07/18.md +++ b/mat/07/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). +# Every tree that does not produce good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire -## Every tree that does not yield good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire ## +Jesus continues to use fruit trees as a metaphor to refer to false prophets. Here, he only states what will happen to the bad trees. It is implied that the same thing will happen to the false prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Jesus continues to use fruit trees as a metaphor to refer to false prophets. Here, he only states what will happen to the bad trees. It is implied that the same thing will happen to the false prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# is cut down and thrown into the fire -## by their fruits you will know them ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a person will cut it down and burn it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -The word "their" can refer to either the prophets or the trees. This metaphor implies that the fruit of trees and the deeds of prophets both reveal whether they are good or bad. If possible, translate this in a way to refer to either one. \ No newline at end of file +# you will recognize them by their fruits + +The word "their" can refer to either the prophets or the trees. This metaphor implies that the fruit of trees and the deeds of prophets both reveal whether they are good or bad. If possible, translate this in a way so that it can refer to both trees and prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/21.md b/mat/07/21.md index b89aaeaa4e..208e7b9142 100644 --- a/mat/07/21.md +++ b/mat/07/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). +# will enter into the kingdom of heaven -## whoever does the will of my Father ## +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "will live with God in heaven when he shows himself to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"whoever does what my Father desires" +# those who do the will of my Father who is in heaven -## we ## +"whoever does what my Father in heaven desires" -This does not include Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +# Father -## in that day ## +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -Jesus said only "that day" because he knew that his hearers would understand that he was referring to the day of judgment. You should include this fact (as in the UDB) only if your readers would not understand that Jesus' hearers knew which day Jesus was talking about. \ No newline at end of file +# in that day + +Jesus said "that day" knowing his hearers would understand he was referring to the day of judgment. You should include "the day of judgment" only if your readers would not understand otherwise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# did we not prophesy ... drive out demons ... do many mighty deeds? + +The people use a question to emphasize that they did these things. AT: "we prophesied ... drove out demons ... did many mighty deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# we + +This "we" does not include Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# in your name + +Here "name" means with the power and authority of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# mighty deeds + +"miracles" + +# I never knew you + +This means the person does not belong to Jesus. AT: "You are not my follower" or "I have nothing to do with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/24.md b/mat/07/24.md index fc5894ad07..f5c5096b5f 100644 --- a/mat/07/24.md +++ b/mat/07/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). - -## Therefore ## +# Therefore "For that reason" -## like a wise man who built his house upon a rock ## +# my words -Jesus compares those who obey his words to a person who builds his house where nothing can harm it. Note that though the rain, wind, and high water reach the house, it does not fall down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "words" refers to what Jesus says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## rock ## +# like a wise man who built his house upon a rock -This is the bedrock below the topsoil and clay, not a large stone or boulder above the ground. \ No newline at end of file +Jesus compares those who obey his words to a person who builds his house where nothing can harm it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# rock + +This is the bedrock below the topsoil and clay, not a large stone or boulder above the ground. + +# it was built + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he built it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/26.md b/mat/07/26.md index 6e43b64fbe..9b62b1a2c2 100644 --- a/mat/07/26.md +++ b/mat/07/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples. This event began in [Matthew 5:1](../05/01.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## like a foolish man who built his house upon the sand ## +This is the end of Jesus' Sermon on the Mount, which began in [Matthew 5:3](../05/01.md). -Jesus continues the simile that he began in [Matthew 7:24](./24.md). He compares those who do not obey his words to foolish house builders. Only a fool would build a house on a sandy place where rain, floods, and wind can sweep the sand away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# like a foolish man who built his house upon the sand -## fell ## +Jesus continues the simile from the previous verse. He compares those who do not obey his words to foolish house-builders. Only a fool would build a house on a sandy place where rain, floods, and wind can sweep the sand away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -Use the general word that describes what happens when a house falls down. +# fell -## and great was its fall ## +Use the general word in your language that describes what happens when a house falls down. + +# its destruction was complete The rain, floods, and wind completely destroyed the house. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/28.md b/mat/07/28.md index 5a19b0897a..b20cc3119f 100644 --- a/mat/07/28.md +++ b/mat/07/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## It came about ## +# General Information: -If your language has a way of expressing the beginning of a new section in a story, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) \ No newline at end of file +These verses describe how the people in the crowds reacted to Jesus' teaching in the Sermon on the Mount. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) + +# It came about that when + +This phrase shifts the story from Jesus' teachings to what happened next. AT: "Then" or "After" + +# were astonished by his teaching + +It is clear in 7:29 that they were amazed not just at what Jesus taught but also the way he taught it. AT: "were amazed because of the way he taught" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/07/intro.md b/mat/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d8e1e273e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Matthew 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Since this chapter shifts quickly from one topic to another, it is possible to use a line of space between topics to distinguish between them more easily. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Matthew 5-7 ##### + +Matthew 5-7 together form one sermon or teaching by Jesus. The chapter divisions cause confusion here. + +##### "By their fruits you will know them" ##### + +Fruit is a common image in the scriptures. It is used to describe the results of either good or bad behavior. In this chapter, good fruit is the result of living as God commands. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fruit]]) + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/01.md b/mat/08/01.md index 57ab0a64d2..dfd3cd2c59 100644 --- a/mat/08/01.md +++ b/mat/08/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ -This begins an account of Jesus miraculously healing several people. +# General Information: -## When Jesus had come down from the hill, large crowds followed him. ## +This is the beginning of a new part of the story that contains several accounts of Jesus healing people. This theme continues through [Matthew 9:35](../09/35.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -Alternative translation: “After Jesus came down from the hill, a large crowd followed him.” The crowd may have included both people who had been with him on the mountain and people who had not been with him. +# When Jesus had come down from the hill, large crowds followed him -## Behold ## +"After Jesus came down from the hill, a large crowd followed him." The crowd may have included both people who had been with him on the mountain and people who had not been with him. -The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. +# Behold -## a leper ## +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -“a man who had leprosy” or “a man who had a skin disease” (UDB) +# a leper -## if you are willing ## +"a man who had leprosy" or "a man who had a skin disease" -Alternative translation: “if you want to” or “if you desire”. The leper knew that Jesus had the power to heal him, but he did not know if Jesus would want to touch him. +# bowed before him -## you can make me clean ## +This is a sign of humble respect before Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -Alternative translations: “you can heal me” or “please heal me” (UDB). +# if you are willing -## Immediately ## +"if you want to" or "if you desire." The leper knew that Jesus had the power to heal him, but he did not know if Jesus would want to touch him. -“Right away” +# you can make me clean -## he was cleansed of his leprosy ## +Here "clean" means to be healed and to be able to live in the community again. AT: "you can heal me" or "please heal me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -The result of Jesus saying “Be clean” was that the man was healed. Alternative translation: “he was well” or “the leprosy left him” or “the leprosy ended.” \ No newline at end of file +# Be clean + +By saying this, Jesus healed the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# Immediately + +"Right away" + +# he was cleansed of his leprosy + +The result of Jesus saying "Be clean" was that the man was healed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he was well" or "the leprosy left him" or "the leprosy ended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/04.md b/mat/08/04.md index f2c8408679..31079bc280 100644 --- a/mat/08/04.md +++ b/mat/08/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus' healing the man who had leprosy. +# to him -## him ## +This refers to the man that Jesus just healed. -the man who had had leprosy +# say nothing to any man -## say nothing to any man ## +"do not say anything to anyone" or "do not tell anyone I healed you" -Though the man would have to talk to the priest when he gave the sacrifice (see UDB), Jesus wanted the man to say nothing to anyone else about what had happened. This can be translated as "do not say anything to anyone" or "do not tell anyone that I healed you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# show yourself to the priest -## show yourself to the priest ## +Jewish law required that the person show his healed skin to the priest, who would then allow him or her to return to the community, to be with other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Jewish law required that the person show his healed skin to the priest, who would allow him or her to be with other people. +# offer the gift that Moses commanded, for a testimony to them -## offer the gift that Moses commanded, for a testimony to them ## +The law of Moses required that someone healed of leprosy give a thanksgiving offering to the priest. When the priest accepted the gift, people would know that the man had been healed. Lepers were ostracized, banned from the community, until they had proof of their healing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -The law of Moses required that someone healed of leprosy give a thanksgiving offering to the priest. When the priest accepted the gift, people would know that the man had been healed. +# to them -## to them ## - -This can possibly refer to the priests or 2) all the people or 3) the critics of Jesus. If possible, use a pronoun that could refer to any of these groups. \ No newline at end of file +This can possibly refer to 1) the priests or 2) all the people or 3) the critics of Jesus. If possible, use a pronoun that could refer to any of these groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/05.md b/mat/08/05.md index 422cd84069..c5b7bbf88e 100644 --- a/mat/08/05.md +++ b/mat/08/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus healing several people. +# Connecting Statement: -## him ... him ## +Here the scene shifts to a different time and place and tells of Jesus healing another person. -Jesus +# came to him and asked him -## paralyzed ## +Here "him" refers to Jesus. -"unable to move" because of disease +# paralyzed -## Jesus said to him, "I will come and heal him." ## +One who is unable to move because of disease or stroke. -"Jesus said to the centurion, "I will come to your house and make your servant well." \ No newline at end of file +# Jesus said to him + +"Jesus said to the centurion" + +# I will come and heal him + +"I will come to your house and make your servant well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/08.md b/mat/08/08.md index 7a5b37092c..ecb8676399 100644 --- a/mat/08/08.md +++ b/mat/08/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus' healing several people. +# under my roof -## you should enter under my roof ## +This is an idiom that refers to inside the house. AT: "into my house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"you should enter my home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# say the word -## say the word ## +Here "word" represents a command. AT: "give the command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"give the command" +# will be healed -## soldiers ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will become well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who is placed under authority + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who is under the authority of someone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# under authority ... under me + +To be "under" someone means to be less important and to obey the commands of someone more important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# soldiers "skilled fighters" -## not even in Israel have I found anyone with so much faith ## +# Truly I say to you -Jesus' hearers would have thought that the Jews in Israel, who claim to be children of God, would have greater faith than anyone. Jesus is saying they are wrong and that the centurion's faith was greater. \ No newline at end of file +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# I have not found anyone with such faith in Israel + +Jesus' hearers would have thought that the Jews in Israel, who claim to be children of God, would have greater faith than anyone. Jesus is saying they are wrong and that the centurion's faith was greater. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/11.md b/mat/08/11.md index 4f822c0544..4c4d79fd31 100644 --- a/mat/08/11.md +++ b/mat/08/11.md @@ -1,37 +1,43 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus' healing the Roman centurion's servant. +# you -## you ## +Here "you" is plural and refers to "those who were following him" in [Matthew 8:10](./08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -This refers to "those who were following him" ([Matthew 8:8](./08.md)) and so is plural. +# from the east and the west -## from the east and the west ## +Using the opposites "east" and "west" is a way of saying "everywhere." AT: "from everywhere" or "from far away in every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -This is a merism: everywhere not east of a given point is west. This can be translated as "from everywhere" or "from far away in every direction." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +# recline at the table -## recline at table ## +People in that culture would lie down beside the table while eating. This phrase indicates that all those at the table are family and close friends. The joy in the kingdom of God is frequently spoken of as if the people there were feasting. AT: "live as family and friends with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -People in that culture would lie down beside the table while eating. This custom is used as a metonym for living together as family and friends. This can be translated as "live as family and friends with." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# in the kingdom of heaven -## the sons of the kingdom will be thrown ## +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "when our God in heaven shows that he is king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"God will throw the sons of the kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# the sons of the kingdom will be thrown -## the sons of the kingdom ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will throw the sons of the kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -The phrase "sons of" refers to those who belong to something, in this case the kingdom of God. There is also irony here because the "sons" will be thrown out while the strangers will be welcomed. This can be translated as "those who should have allowed God to rule over them" (see UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# the sons of the kingdom -## the outer darkness ## +The phrase "sons of" refers to those who belong to something, in this case the kingdom of God. There is also irony here because the "sons" will be thrown out while the strangers will be welcomed. AT: "those who should have allowed God to rule over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -This expression refers to the eternal destiny of those who reject God. "the dark place away from God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# the outer darkness -## so may it be done for you ## +This expression refers to the eternal destiny of those who reject God. AT: "the dark place away from God" or "hell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"so I will do it for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# weeping and grinding of teeth -## the servant was healed ## +This represents extreme sadness and suffering. -"Jesus healed the servant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# so may it be done for you -## at that very hour ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so I will do it for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"at the exact time Jesus said he would heal the servant." \ No newline at end of file +# the servant was healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus healed the servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# at that very hour + +"at the exact time Jesus said he would heal the servant" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/14.md b/mat/08/14.md index 7d12e67b7b..a13e47b710 100644 --- a/mat/08/14.md +++ b/mat/08/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus' healing several people. +# Connecting Statement: -## Jesus had come ## +Here the scene shifts to a different time and place and tells of Jesus healing another person. -Jesus was probably accompanied by his disciples (to whom he "gave instructions," [Isaiah 8:18](../../isa/08/18.md); see UDB), but the focus of the story is on what Jesus said and did, so introduce the disciples only if needed to avoid wrong meaning. +# Jesus had come -## Peter's mother-in-law ## +The disciples were probably with Jesus, but the focus of the story is on what Jesus said and did, so introduce the disciples only if needed to avoid wrong meaning. -in-law** - "the mother of Peter's wife" +# Peter's mother-in-law -## the fever left her ## +"the mother of Peter's wife" + +# the fever left her If your language would understand this personification to mean that the fever could think and act on its own, this can be translated as "she became better" or "Jesus healed her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## got up ## +# got up "got out of bed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/16.md b/mat/08/16.md index 455cf939f5..d21595d306 100644 --- a/mat/08/16.md +++ b/mat/08/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -This concludes the account of Jesus healing several people. +# Connecting Statement: -## evening ## +Here the scene shifts to later that evening and tells of Jesus healing more people and casting out demons. -UDB infers from Mark [Mark 1:21](../../mrk/01/21.md) and [Mark 1:29](../../mrk/01/29.md) that Jesus arrived in Capernaum on the Sabbath. Because the Jews did not work or travel on the Sabbath, they waited until evening to bring people to Jesus. You do not need to mention the Sabbath unless you need to avoid wrong meaning. +# General Information: -## he drove out the spirits with a word ## +In verse 17, the writer quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus' healing ministry was a fulfillment of prophecy. -This is hyperbole. Jesus could have spoken more than one word. This can be translated as "Jesus only had to speak once and the demons left the man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# When evening had come -## was fulfilled that which had been spoken by Isaiah the prophet ## +Because Jews did not work or travel on the Sabbath, "evening" may imply after the Sabbath. They waited until evening to bring people to Jesus. You do not need to mention the Sabbath unless you need to avoid wrong meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"Jesus fulfilled the prophecy that God had told the prophet Isaiah to reveal to Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# many who were possessed by demons -## that which had been spoken by Isaiah ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "many people whom demons possessed" or "many people whom demons controlled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"what Isaiah had said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# He drove out the spirits with a word -## took our sickness and bore our diseases ## +Here "word" stands for a command. AT: "He commanded the spirits to leave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"freed people from being sick and made them well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# was fulfilled that which had been spoken by Isaiah the prophet + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus fulfilled the prophecy that the prophet Isaiah had spoken to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# took our sickness and bore our diseases + +Matthew is quoting the prophet Isaiah. These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he healed all of our diseases. AT: "healed those who were sick and made them well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/18.md b/mat/08/18.md index 462f223a37..f48cc2b215 100644 --- a/mat/08/18.md +++ b/mat/08/18.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -Jesus explains what he expects of his followers. +# Connecting Statement: -## he, him ## +Here the scene shifts and tells about Jesus' response to some people who wanted to follow him. -These refer to Jesus in [Matthew 8:18](./18.md) and [Matthew 8:18](./18.md). +# Now -## he gave instructions ## +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. -"he told them what to do" +# he gave instructions -## Then ## +"he told his disciples" -After Jesus "gave instructions" but before he could get into the boat (see UDB). +# Then -## wherever ## +This means after Jesus "gave instructions" but before he could get into the boat. + +# wherever "to any place" -## Foxes have holes, and the birds of the sky have nests ## +# Foxes have holes, and the birds of the sky have nests -The animals in this merism represent a wide range of wild animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Jesus answers with this proverb. This means even wild animals have somewhere to rest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) -## Foxes ## +# Foxes -Foxes are animals like dogs that eat nesting birds and other small animals. If foxes are unknown in your area, use a general term for dog-like creatures or other furry animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +Foxes are animals like dogs. They eat nesting birds and other small animals. If foxes are unknown in your area, use a general term for dog-like creatures or other furry animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## holes ## +# holes Foxes make holes in the ground to live in. Use the appropriate word for the place where the animal you use for "foxes" lives. -## nowhere to lay his head ## +# the Son of Man -"no place of his own to sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# nowhere to lay his head + +This refers to a place to sleep. AT: "no place of his own to sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/21.md b/mat/08/21.md index a94480bd5c..e19c0ec18d 100644 --- a/mat/08/21.md +++ b/mat/08/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,7 @@ -Jesus continues to explain what he expects of his followers. +# allow me first to go and bury my father -## allow me first to go and bury my father ## +It is unclear whether the man's father has died and he will bury him immediately, or if the man wants to stay for a longer amount of time until his father dies so he can bury him then. The main point is that the man wants to do something else first before he follows Jesus. -This is a polite request. Jewish custom was to bury people the same day they died, so the man's father was probably still alive and the man was using "bury" as a euphemism for caring for his father for days or even years until he died(see UDB). If the father were already dead, the man would have been asking to go away for a matter of hours. Specify that the father was or was not dead only if needed to avoid wrong meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +# leave the dead to bury their own dead -## leave the dead to bury their own dead ## - -This is meant as a pithy, not complete, statement, so use as few words and specify as little as possible. Use the same sense for "bury" here that you use for "bury" in the man's request. - -## leave ... to bury ## - -This is a strong way of denying the man's responsibility for his father. Stronger than "Let the dead bury" or "Allow the dead to bury," it is more like "Give the dead no choice but to bury their own dead themselves." - -## the dead ... their own dead ## - -"The dead" is a metaphor for those outside God's kingdom, who do not have eternal life (see UDB; [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). "Their own dead" refers to the relatives of those outside the kingdom who literally die. \ No newline at end of file +Jesus does not mean literally that dead people will bury other dead people. Possible meanings of "the dead": 1) it is a metaphor for those who will soon die, or 2) it is a metaphor for those who do not follow Jesus and are spiritually dead. The main point is that a disciple must not let anything delay him from following Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/23.md b/mat/08/23.md index 567cddb45c..2cf40195cc 100644 --- a/mat/08/23.md +++ b/mat/08/23.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -This begins an account of Jesus calming a storm. +# Connecting Statement: -## entered a boat ## +Here the scene shifts to the account of Jesus calming a storm as he and his disciples cross the Sea of Galilee. -"Jesus got onto a boat" +# entered a boat -## his disciples followed him ## +"got onto a boat" -Try to use the same words for "disciple" and "follow" that you used in ([Matthew 8:21](./21.md)) and ([Matthew 8:21](./21.md)). +# his disciples followed him -## Behold ## +Try to use the same words for "disciple" and "follow" that you used in ([Matthew 8:21-22](./21.md)). -This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. +# Behold -## there arose a great storm on the sea ## +This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of showing this. AT: "Suddenly" or "Without warning" -"a great storm arose on the sea." +# there arose a great storm on the sea -## so that the boat was covered with the waves ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a powerful storm arose on the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"so that the waves covered the boat." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# so that the boat was covered with the waves -## woke him up, saying, "Save us" ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that the waves covered the boat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -They did not wake him up with the words "Save us." They first "woke him up" and then "said, 'Save us.'" +# woke him up, saying, "Save us -## we are about to die ## +Possible meanings are 1) they first woke Jesus and then they said, "Save us" or 2) as they were waking Jesus up, they were saying "Save us." + +# us ... we + +If you need to translate these words as inclusive or exclusive, then inclusive is best. The disciples probably meant they wanted Jesus to save the disciples and himself from drowning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# we are about to die "we are going to die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/26.md b/mat/08/26.md index 2f911555dc..4af85c174a 100644 --- a/mat/08/26.md +++ b/mat/08/26.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -This concludes the account of Jesus calming a storm. +# to them -## them ## +"to the disciples" -the disciples +# Why are you afraid ... faith? -## you ... you ## +Jesus was rebuking the disciples with this rhetorical question. AT: "You should not be afraid ... faith!" or "There is nothing for you to be afraid of ... faith!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -plural +# you of little faith -## Why are you afraid ...? ## +"you who have such little faith." Jesus is scolding the people because they have little faith in God. See how you translated this in [Matthew 6:30](../06/30.md). -Jesus was rebuking the disciples with this rhetorical question. It means "You should not be afraid" (see UDB) or "There is nothing for you to be afraid of." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# What sort of man is this, that even the winds and the sea obey him? -## you of little faith ## +"Even the winds and the sea obey him! What sort of man is this?" This rhetorical question shows that the disciples were surprised. AT: "This man is unlike any man we have ever seen! Even the wind and the waves obey him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"You" is plural. Translate this the same way you translated the same words in [Matthew 6:30](../06/30.md). +# even the winds and the sea obey him -## What sort of man is this, that even the winds and the sea obey him? ## - -This rhetorical question shows that the disciples were surprised. This can be translated as "Even the winds and the sea obey him! What sort of man is this?" or "This man is unlike any man we have ever seen! Even the wind and the waves obey him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## even the winds and the sea obey him ## - -For people or animals to obey or disobey is not surprising, but for wind and water to obey is very surprising. This personification describes the natural elements as able to hear and respond like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +For people or animals to obey or disobey is not surprising, but for wind and water to obey is very surprising. This personification describes the natural elements as being able to hear and respond like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/28.md b/mat/08/28.md index 9543c51e0f..b5a610fd94 100644 --- a/mat/08/28.md +++ b/mat/08/28.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -This begins an account of Jesus' healing two men with demons. +# Connecting Statement: -## to the other side ## +Here the author returns to the theme of Jesus healing people. This begins an account of Jesus healing two demon-possessed men. + +# to the other side "to the other side of the Sea of Galilee" -## country of the Gadarenes ## +# country of the Gadarenes -The Gadarenes were named for the town of Gadara. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The Gadarenes were named after the town of Gadara. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## they…were very violent, so that no traveler could pass that way ## +# two men who were possessed by demons -The demons that held these two men were so dangerous that no one could go through that area. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "two men whom demons possessed" or "two men whom demons were controlling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Behold ## +# They ... were very violent, so that no traveler could pass that way -This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. +The demons that were controlling these two men were so dangerous that no one could go through that area. -## What do we have to do with you, Son of God? ## +# Behold -This first rhetorical question is hostile (see UDB, [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of showing this. -## Son of God ## +# What do we have to do with you, Son of God? -The demons use this title to show that Jesus is not welcome because of who he is. +The demons use a question but they are being hostile toward Jesus. AT: "Do not bother us, Son of God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Have you come here to torment us before the set time? ## +# Son of God -This second rhetorical question is also hostile and means "You should not disobey God by punishing us before the specific time God has set when he will punish us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an important title for Jesus, which describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Have you come here to torment us before the set time? + +Again, the demons use a question in a hostile way. AT: "You should not disobey God by punishing us before the specific time God has set when he will punish us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/30.md b/mat/08/30.md index 305ee6fe3e..bec062b3c7 100644 --- a/mat/08/30.md +++ b/mat/08/30.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus' healing two men with demons. +# Now -## Now ## +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew tells background information about a herd of pigs that had been there before Jesus arrived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -This shows that the author will tell the reader information he needs before the story can continue. The pigs had been there before Jesus arrived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) +# If you cast us out -## If you cast us out ## +It is implied that the demons knew that Jesus was going to cast them out. AT: "Because you are going to cast us out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -This can also mean "Since you are going to cast us out." +# us -## us ## +This is exclusive, meaning the demons only. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -exclusive (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +# to them -## them ## +This refers to the demons inside the men. -the demons inside the man +# The demons came out and went into the pigs -## The demons came out and went into the pigs ## +"The demons left the man and entered the pigs" -"The demons left the man and entered the animals." +# behold -## Behold ## +This alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. - -## rushed down the steep hill ## +# rushed down the steep hill "ran quickly down the steep slope" -## perished in the water ## +# died in the water -"drowned" \ No newline at end of file +"they fell into the water and drowned" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/33.md b/mat/08/33.md index ab613d5558..82b6a71133 100644 --- a/mat/08/33.md +++ b/mat/08/33.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -This concludes the account of Jesus healing two men with demons. +# Connecting Statement: -## The men who had been tending the pigs ## +This concludes the account of Jesus healing two demon-possessed men. -"the men who took care of the pigs" +# tending the pigs -## what had happened to the men who were controlled by demons ## +"taking care of the pigs" -what Jesus had done to the demon-controlled men. +# what had happened to the men who had been possessed by demons -## Behold ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what Jesus did to help the men whom demons had controlled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. +# Behold -## all the city ## +This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of showing this. -This would mean a many or most of the people, not necessarily every person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# all the city -## region ## +The word "city" is a metonym for the people of the city. The word "all" is probably an exaggeration to emphasize how very many people came out. Not necessarily every person came out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -"the city and the land near it" \ No newline at end of file +# their region + +"their area" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/08/intro.md b/mat/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d8053a8ede --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Matthew 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins a new section. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Miracles ##### + +Jesus' miracles in this chapter appear to indicate that he had authority over things beyond human control. They also show that worship of Jesus is the proper response to his deeds. +(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/authority]]) + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/01.md b/mat/09/01.md index 4a3bb9a3f9..06773290cf 100644 --- a/mat/09/01.md +++ b/mat/09/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -This begins an account of Jesus healing a paralyzed man. +# Connecting Statement: -## Jesus entered a boat ## +The writer returns to the theme, which he began in [Matthew 8:1](../08/01.md), of Jesus healing people. This begins an account of Jesus healing a paralyzed man. -The disciples probably went with Jesus (see UDB). +# Jesus entered a boat -## a boat ## +It is implied that the disciples were with Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Probably the same boat as in [Matthew 8:23](../08/23.md). Specify only if you need to avoid confusion. +# a boat -## came into his own city ## +This is probably the same boat as in [Matthew 8:23](../08/23.md). You only need to specify this if needed to avoid confusion. -"the city where he was staying" (UDB). +# into his own city -## Behold ## +"to the town where he lived." This refers to Capernaum. -This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. +# Behold -## they...their ## +This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of showing this. -those who brought the paralyzed man to Jesus. It may include the paralyzed man himself. +# they brought -## Son ## +"some men from the city" -The man was not Jesus' real son. Jesus was speaking to him politely. If this is confusing, it can also be translated "My friend" or "Young man," or even omitted. +# their faith -## your sins have been forgiven ## +This refers to the faith of the men and may also include the faith of the paralyzed man. -"God has forgiven your sins" or "I have forgiven your sins" \ No newline at end of file +# Son + +The man was not Jesus' real son. Jesus was speaking to him politely. If this is confusing, it can also be translated "My friend" or "Young man" or even omitted. + +# Your sins have been forgiven + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have forgiven your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/03.md b/mat/09/03.md index 0b1395da61..8305f085f6 100644 --- a/mat/09/03.md +++ b/mat/09/03.md @@ -1,49 +1,51 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus' healing a paralyzed man. - -## Behold ## +# Behold This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## among themselves ## +# among themselves -This can mean either "to themselves," in their minds, or "to each other," using their mouths. Jesus was claiming to be able to do things the scribes thought only God can do. +Possible meanings are 1) each one was thinking to himself, or 2) they were speaking among themselves. -## knew their thoughts ## +# blaspheming + +Jesus was claiming to be able to do things the scribes thought only God can do. + +# knew their thoughts Jesus knew what they were thinking either supernaturally or because he could see them talking to each other. -## Why are you thinking evil in your hearts? ## +# Why are you thinking evil in your hearts? Jesus used this question to rebuke the scribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## you…your ## - -plural - -## evil ## +# evil This is moral evil or wickedness, not simply error in fact. -## which is easier…? ## +# in your hearts -Jesus asked this question to remind the scribes that they believed that the man was paralyzed because of his sins and that if his sins were forgiven, he would be able to walk, so that when he healed the paralyzed man, the scribes would know that he could forgive sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "hearts" refers to their minds or their thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## which is easier to say, 'Your sins are forgiven' or to say 'Get up and walk'? ## +# For which is easier to say, 'Your sins are forgiven,' or to say, 'Get up and walk'? -"Is it easier to say, 'Your sins are forgiven'? or is it easier to say 'Get up and walk'?" +Jesus uses a question to challenge the scribes. He does not mean one action is harder for him than the other. He is reminding the scribes that they believe when God heals a person's body it means he has forgiven them of their sins. AT: "For you know it is just as easy to say, 'Your sins are forgiven,' as it is to say, 'Get up and walk'." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Your sins are forgiven ## +# which is easier to say, 'Your sins are forgiven,' or to say, 'Get up and walk'? -This can mean 1) "I forgive your sins" (UDB) or 2) "God forgives your sins." The "your" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "it is just as easy to tell a person his sins are forgiven as it is to tell him to get up and walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## But that you may know ## +# Your sins are forgiven -"I will prove to you." The "you" is plural. +Here "your" is singular. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have forgiven your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## your…your ## +# that you may know -singular +"I will prove to you." The "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## go to your house ## +# your mat ... your house + +Here "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# go to your house Jesus is not forbidding the man to go elsewhere. He is giving the man the opportunity to go home. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/07.md b/mat/09/07.md index 460e4c153c..ef9804ddc1 100644 --- a/mat/09/07.md +++ b/mat/09/07.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -This concludes the account of Jesus' healing a paralyzed man. Jesus then calls a tax collector to be one of his disciples. +# Connecting Statement: -## praise ## +This concludes the account of Jesus healing a paralyzed man. Jesus then calls a tax collector to be one of his disciples. -Use the same word you used in [Matthew 5:15](../05/15.md). +# who had given -## such authority ## +"because he had given" -the authority to declare sins forgiven +# such authority -## Matthew...him...he ## +This refers to the authority to declare sins forgiven. -Church tradition says that this Matthew is the author of the Gospel, but the text gives no reason to change the pronouns from "him" and "he" to "me" and "I." +# As Jesus passed by from there -## he said to him ## +This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. + +# passed by + +"was leaving" or "was going" + +# Matthew ... him ... He + +Church tradition says that this Matthew is the author of this Gospel, but the text gives no reason to change the pronouns from "him" and "He" to "me" and "I." + +# He said to him "Jesus said to Matthew" -## As Jesus passed by from there ## +# He got up and followed him -This phrase is used here to mark the introduction to the incident that begins with "behold" in [Matthew 9:7](./07.md). If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. - -## passed by ## - -Use a general term for going. It is not clear whether Jesus was moving uphill or downhill or toward Capernaum or away from it. - -## He got up and followed him ## - -"Matthew got up and followed Jesus" as a disciple (see UDB), not simply to Jesus' next destination. \ No newline at end of file +"Matthew got up and followed Jesus." This means Matthew became Jesus' disciple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/10.md b/mat/09/10.md index 56fdd23056..59e26c51b6 100644 --- a/mat/09/10.md +++ b/mat/09/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + These events occur at the house of Matthew the tax collector. -## the house ## +# the house -This is probably Matthew's house (see UDB), but it could also be Jesus' house ("dined with Jesus and his disciples"). Specify only if needed to avoid confusion. +This is probably Matthew's house, but it could also be Jesus' house. Specify only if needed to avoid confusion. -## behold ## +# behold -The word "behold" alerts us to these new people in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses "There was a man who was…” +This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## When the Pharisees saw it ## +# When the Pharisees saw it -"When the Pharisees saw that Jesus was eating with the tax collectors and sinful people" \ No newline at end of file +"When the Pharisees saw that Jesus was eating with the tax collectors and sinful people" + +# Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinful people? + +The Pharisees use this question to criticize what Jesus is doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/12.md b/mat/09/12.md index ac6c416afa..374afb60a9 100644 --- a/mat/09/12.md +++ b/mat/09/12.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + These events occur at the house of Matthew the tax collector. -## When Jesus heard this ## +# When Jesus heard this -"this" refers to the question the Pharisees asked about Jesus' eating with tax collectors and sinners. +Here "this" refers to the question the Pharisees asked about Jesus eating with tax collectors and sinners. -## People who are strong in body ## +# People who are strong in body do not need a physician, only those who are sick -"people who are healthy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus answers with a proverb. He means that he eats with these kinds of people because he has come to help sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) -## physician ## +# People who are strong in body -"doctor" (UDB) +"People who are healthy" -## people who are sick need one ## +# physician -"people who are sick need a doctor" +"doctor" -## You should go learn what this means ## +# those who are sick -"You should learn the meaning of this" +The phrase "need a physician" is understood. AT: "people who are sick need a physician" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## You should go ## +# You should go learn what this means -The pronoun "you" refers to the Pharisees. \ No newline at end of file +Jesus is about to quote the scriptures. AT: "You should learn the meaning of what God said in the scriptures" + +# You should go + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I desire mercy and not sacrifice + +Jesus is quoting what the prophet Hosea wrote in the scriptures. Here, "I" refers to God. + +# For I came + +Here "I" refers to Jesus. + +# the righteous + +Jesus is using irony. He does not think there are any people who are righteous and do not need to repent. AT: "those who think they are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/14.md b/mat/09/14.md index 3a1f6b4b15..58e8c4b938 100644 --- a/mat/09/14.md +++ b/mat/09/14.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + The disciples of John the Baptist question the fact that Jesus' disciples do not fast. -## Can wedding attendants be sorrowful...them? ## +# do not fast -No one would expect the wedding attendants to fast while the bridegroom was with them. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"continue to eat regularly" -## wedding attendants ## +# Can wedding attendants be sorrowful while the bridegroom is still with them? -a metaphor for Jesus' disciples (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus uses a question to answer John's disciples. They all knew that people do not mourn and fast at a wedding celebration. Jesus uses this proverb to show that his disciples do not mourn because he is still there with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) -## the bridegroom is still with them...when the bridegroom will be taken away ## +# the days -The "bridegroom" is Jesus, who is still alive and so "is still with" his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "days" probably refers here to a period of time longer than just one day. -## the bridegroom will be taken away ## +# the bridegroom will be taken away from them -"someone will take the bridegroom away." This is a metaphor for being killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the bridegroom will not be able to be with them any longer" or "someone will take the bridegroom away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## be sorrowful ## +# will be taken away -"mourn...be sad" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus is probably referring to his own death, but this should not be made explicit here in the translation. To maintain the imagery of a wedding, it is best to just state that the bridegroom will not be there any longer. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/16.md b/mat/09/16.md index 88f24daade..2d47f4d725 100644 --- a/mat/09/16.md +++ b/mat/09/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to answer the question asked by the disciples of John. +# Connecting Statement: -## No man puts a piece of new cloth on an old garment ## +Jesus continues to answer the question that the disciples of John had asked. -People who know only the old traditions are not eager to accept new ones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# No man puts a piece of new cloth on an old garment -## garment ## +This proverb means that people who know only the old traditions are not eager to accept new ones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# garment "clothing" -## the patch ## +# the patch -"the piece of new cloth" used to cover the torn cloth \ No newline at end of file +"the piece of new cloth." This is the piece of cloth used to cover a hole in the old garment. + +# a worse tear will be made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this will make the tear worse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/17.md b/mat/09/17.md index d3b046eff5..e280309a5b 100644 --- a/mat/09/17.md +++ b/mat/09/17.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -Jesus continues to answer the question asked by the disciples of John. +# Connecting Statement: -## Neither do people put new wine into old wineskins ## +Jesus continues to answer the question that disciples of John had asked. -This is a metaphor or parable to answer the question of John's disciples, which was "Why do we and the Pharisees often fast, but your disciples do not fast?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Neither do people put new wine into old wineskins -## Neither do people put ## +Jesus uses another proverb to answer John's disciples. This means the same as the proverb in [Matthew 9:16](./16.md). -"neither does anyone pour" (UDB) or "people never put" +# Neither do people put -## new wine ## +"Neither does anyone pour" or "People never put" -"grape juice." This refers to wine that has not fermented yet. If grapes are unknown in your area, use the general term for fruit. +# new wine -## old wineskins ## +This refers to wine that has not fermented yet. If grapes are unknown in your area, use the general term for fruit. AT: "grape juice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# old wineskins This refers to wineskins that have been used many times. -## wineskins ## +# wineskins -These were bags made out of animal skins. They could also be called "wine bags" or "skin bags" (UDB). +"wine bags" or "skin bags." These were bags made out of animal skins. -## the skins will burst ## +# the wine will be spilled, and the wineskins will be destroyed -When the new wine ferments and expands, they would tear open because they could no longer stretch out. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and this will ruin the wineskin and spill the wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## destroyed ## +# the skins will burst -"ruined" (UDB) +When the new wine ferments and expands, the skins tear open because they can no longer stretch out. -## fresh wineskins ## +# fresh wineskins -"new wineskins" or "new wine bags." This refers to wineskins that have never been used. \ No newline at end of file +"new wineskins" or "new wine bags." This refers to wineskins that no one has used. + +# both will be preserved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this will keep safe both the wineskin and the wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/18.md b/mat/09/18.md index f2c5915fcb..59034d592f 100644 --- a/mat/09/18.md +++ b/mat/09/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -This begins an account of Jesus' miraculously healing the daughter of a Jewish official. +# Connecting Statement: -## these things ## +This begins an account of Jesus bringing to life the daughter of a Jewish official after she had died. + +# these things This refers to the answer Jesus gave John's disciples about fasting. -## behold ## +# behold The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## bowed down to him ## +# bowed down to him -This is a way someone would show respect in Jewish culture. +This is a way someone would show respect in Jewish culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## come and lay your hand on her, and she will live ## +# come and lay your hand on her, and she will live This shows that the Jewish official believed Jesus had the power to bring his daughter back to life. -## his disciples ## +# his disciples -Jesus' disciples. \ No newline at end of file +"Jesus' disciples" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/20.md b/mat/09/20.md index 7a9f62fdf8..2e559e0115 100644 --- a/mat/09/20.md +++ b/mat/09/20.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -This describes how Jesus healed another woman while on the way to heal the daughter of the Jewish official. +# Connecting Statement: -## Behold ## +This describes how Jesus healed another woman while he was on the way to the Jewish official's house. -The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. +# Behold -## had severe bleeding ## +The word "Behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -"had a severe flow of blood." She was probably bleeding from her womb even when it was not the normal time for it. Some cultures may have a polite way of referring to this condition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +# who suffered from a discharge of blood -## If I only touch his garment, I will be made well ## +"who had been bleeding" or "who frequently had a flow of blood." She was probably bleeding from her womb even when it was not the normal time for it. Some cultures may have a polite way of referring to this condition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -She did not believe the garment would heal her. She believed Jesus would heal her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# twelve years -## garment ## +"12 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# garment "robe" -## But ## +# For she had said to herself, "If only I touch his clothes, I will be made well." + +She thought this before she touched Jesus. You can put this statement earlier as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# If only I touch his clothes + +According to Jewish law, because she was bleeding she was not supposed to touch anyone. She touches his clothes so that Jesus' power would heal her and yet (she thought) he would not know that she touched him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# But "Instead." What the woman hoped would happen did not happen. -## Daughter ## +# Daughter -The woman was not Jesus' real daughter. Jesus was speaking to her politely. If this is confusing, it can also be translated "Young woman" or even omitted. \ No newline at end of file +The woman was not Jesus' real daughter. Jesus was speaking to her politely. If this is confusing, it can also be translated "Young woman" or even omitted. + +# your faith has made you well + +"because you believed in me, I will heal you" + +# the woman was healed from that hour + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus healed her at that moment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/23.md b/mat/09/23.md index 37c477df9a..0bb538ce1a 100644 --- a/mat/09/23.md +++ b/mat/09/23.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus healing the daughter of the Jewish official. +# Connecting Statement: -## official's house ## +This returns to the account of Jesus bringing the daughter of the Jewish official back to life. + +# official's house This is the Jewish leader's house. -## flute ## +# the flute players and the crowds making much noise -This is a long hollow musical instrument, which is played by blowing air in or over one end. +This is a common way to mourn for someone who has died. -## flute-players ## +# flute players -players** - "people who play flutes" +"people who play flutes" -## Go away ## +# Go away -Jesus was speaking to many people, so use the plural command form if your language has it. +Jesus was speaking to many people, so use the plural command form if your language has one. -## the girl is not dead, but sleeps ## +# the girl is not dead, but she is asleep -Jesus is using the image of sleep because her death would only be for a short time, as he knew he was going to raise her from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus is using a play on words. It was common in Jesus' day to refer to a dead person as one who "sleeps." But here the dead girl will get up, as though she had only been sleeping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/25.md b/mat/09/25.md index b7bac9109a..1369b1b771 100644 --- a/mat/09/25.md +++ b/mat/09/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -This completes the account of Jesus' healing the daughter of the Jewish official. +# Connecting Statement: -## When the crowd had been put outside ## +This completes the account of Jesus bringing the daughter of the Jewish official back to life. -"After Jesus had sent the crowd outside" or "After the family had sent the people outside" +# General Information: -## got up ## +Verse 26 is a summary statement that describes the result of Jesus raising this girl from the dead. -"got out of bed." This is the same idea as in [Matthew 8:14](../08/14.md). +# When the crowd had been put outside -## The news about this spread into all that region ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "After Jesus had sent the crowd outside" or "After the family had sent the people outside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This personification means that the news spread because the people told it to other people. "The people of that whole region heard about it" (UDB) or "The people who saw that the girl was alive started telling everyone in the whole area about it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +# got up + +"got out of bed." This is the same meaning as in [Matthew 8:15](../08/14.md). + +# The news about this spread into all that region + +"The people of that whole region heard about it" or "The people who saw that the girl was alive started telling everyone in the whole area about it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/27.md b/mat/09/27.md index 236174de51..fbaf79f831 100644 --- a/mat/09/27.md +++ b/mat/09/27.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + This begins the account of Jesus healing two blind men. -## As Jesus passed by from there ## +# As Jesus passed by from there -Jesus was leaving the region. +As Jesus was leaving the region -## passed by ## +# passed by -It is not clear whether Jesus was moving uphill or downhill. Use a general term for going. +"was leaving" or "was going" -## Son of David ## +# followed him -Jesus was not David's literal son, so this may be translated as "Descendant of David" (UDB). However, "Son of David" is also a title given to the Messiah (see [Matthew 21:9](../21/09.md)), and the men were probably calling Jesus by this title. +This means they were walking behind Jesus, not necessarily that they had become his disciples. -## When Jesus had come into the house ## +# Have mercy on us -This could be either Jesus' own house (UDB) or the house in [Matthew 9:10](./10.md). +It is implied that they wanted Jesus to heal them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Yes, Lord ## +# Son of David -"Yes, Lord, we believe you can heal us." \ No newline at end of file +Jesus was not David's literal son, so this may be translated as "Descendant of David." However, "Son of David" is also a title for the Messiah, and the men were probably calling Jesus by this title. + +# When Jesus had come into the house + +This could be either Jesus' own house or the house in [Matthew 9:10](./10.md). + +# Yes, Lord + +The full content of their answer is not stated, but it is understood. AT: "Yes, Lord, we believe you can heal us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/29.md b/mat/09/29.md index 924ccb28f2..48f5c596eb 100644 --- a/mat/09/29.md +++ b/mat/09/29.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -This completes the account of Jesus healing two blind men. - -## touched their eyes and said ## +# touched their eyes and said It is not clear whether he touched both men's eyes at the same time or used only his right hand to touch one then the other. As the left hand was customarily used for unclean purposes, it is most likely that he used only his right hand. It is also not clear whether he spoke as he was touching them or touched them first and then spoke to them. -## their eyes were opened ## +# Let it be done to you according to your faith -"God healed their eyes" or "the two blind men were able to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will do as you have believed" or "Because you believe, I will heal you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## But ## +# their eyes were opened + +This means they were able to see. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God healed their eyes" or "the two blind men were able to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# See that no one knows about this + +Here "See" means "be sure." AT: "Be sure no one finds out about this" or "Do not tell anyone that I healed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# But "Instead." The men did not do what Jesus told them to do. -## spread the news ## +# spread the news "told many people what had happened to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/32.md b/mat/09/32.md index 8d871e5183..3fbff306c1 100644 --- a/mat/09/32.md +++ b/mat/09/32.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus healing people in his hometown. +# Connecting Statement: -## behold ## +This is the account of Jesus healing a demon-possessed man who could not speak and how people responded. + +# behold The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## mute ## +# a mute man ... was brought to Jesus + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone brought a mute man ... to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# mute not able to talk -## the mute man spoke ## +# possessed by a demon + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom a demon had possessed" or "whom a demon was controlling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When the demon had been driven out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "After Jesus had forced the demon out" or "After Jesus had commanded the demon to leave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the mute man spoke "the mute man began to speak" or "the man who had been mute spoke" or "the man, who was no longer mute, spoke" -## The crowds were astonished ## +# The crowds were astonished "The people were amazed" -## This has never been seen ## +# This has never been seen -This can mean "this has ever happened" or "no one has ever done anything like this." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This has never happened before" or "No one has ever done anything like this before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he drives out demons ## +# he drives out demons -"he forces demons to leave." The pronoun "he" refers to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +"he forces demons to leave" + +# he drives + +The pronoun "he" refers to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/35.md b/mat/09/35.md index fc502da491..73c3afb7e9 100644 --- a/mat/09/35.md +++ b/mat/09/35.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -This section summarizes the teaching, preaching and healing ministry of Jesus in the region of Galilee. +# Connecting Statement: -## all the cities ## +Verse 35 is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 8:1](../08/01.md) about Jesus' healing ministry in Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -"many of the cities." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# General Information: -## cities...villages ## +Verse 36 begins a new part of the story where Jesus teaches his disciples and sends them to preach and heal as he has done. -"large villages...small villages" or "large towns...small towns" +# all the cities -## all kinds of disease and all kinds of sickness ## +The word "all" is an exaggeration to emphasize how very many cities Jesus went to. He did not necessarily go to every one of them. AT: "many of the cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# cities ... villages + +"large villages ... small villages" or "large towns ... small towns" + +# the gospel of the kingdom + +Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. See how you translated this in [Matthew 4:23](../04/23.md). + +# all kinds of disease and all kinds of sickness "every disease and every sickness." The words "disease" and "sickness" are closely related but should be translated as two different words if possible. "Disease" is what causes a person to be sick. "Sickness" is the physical weakness or affliction that results from having a disease. -## they were like sheep without a shepherd ## +# They were like sheep without a shepherd -"the people did not have a leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This simile means they did not have a leader to take care of them. AT: "The people did not have a leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/37.md b/mat/09/37.md index 42485be801..0a7651095a 100644 --- a/mat/09/37.md +++ b/mat/09/37.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Jesus uses a figure of speech about harvesting to tell his disciples how they should respond to the needs of the crowds in the previous section. +# General Information: -## The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few ## +Jesus uses a proverb about harvesting to tell his disciples how they should respond to the needs of the crowds mentioned in the previous section. -This metaphor compares the great number of people who will believe in God and be added to his kingdom to food growing in a field, and those who tell others about God to the laborers. The point of the metaphor is that there are too few people to tell the many people about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few -## harvest ## +Jesus uses a proverb to respond to what he is seeing. Jesus means there are a lot of people who are ready to believe God but only few people to teach them God's truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) -"collection of ripe food" +# The harvest is plentiful -## laborers ## +"There is plenty of ripe food for someone to collect" + +# laborers "workers" -## pray to the Lord of the harvest ## +# pray to the Lord of the harvest -"pray to the Lord. He is in charge of the harvest." \ No newline at end of file +"pray to God, because he is in charge of the harvest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/09/intro.md b/mat/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a80010a05f --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Matthew 09 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +There are many different figures of speech in this chapter. It was also common for Jesus to use analogies and metaphors in his teaching. His way of teaching was intended to encourage faith in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "And," "but" ##### +Some English translations begin many sentences in this chapter with the word "and" or "but" to indicate a sequence of events in the narrative. The ULB usually eliminates these words because the context of the narrative itself indicates that the events occur in sequence. It is acceptable to add these words if it is helpful in your translation. + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/01.md b/mat/10/01.md index 2d6e11ae7c..edeeca35aa 100644 --- a/mat/10/01.md +++ b/mat/10/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -This begins an account of Jesus' sending out his twelve apostles to do his work. +# Connecting Statement: -## called his twelve disciples together ## +This begins an account of Jesus sending out his twelve disciples to do his work. -"summoned his twelve disciples" +# called his twelve disciples together -## gave them authority ## +"summoned his 12 disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# gave them authority Be sure that the text clearly communicates that this authority was 1) to drive out unclean spirits and 2) to heal disease and sickness. -## drive them out ## +# to drive them out -"make the unclean spirits leave" +"to make the unclean spirits leave" -## all kinds of disease and all kinds of sickness ## +# all kinds of disease and all kinds of sickness "every disease and every sickness." The words "disease" and "sickness" are closely related but should be translated as two different words if possible. "Disease" is what causes a person to be sick. "Sickness" is the physical weakness or affliction that results from having a disease. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/02.md b/mat/10/02.md index 27b5dca294..161d0c98b1 100644 --- a/mat/10/02.md +++ b/mat/10/02.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus' sending out his twelve apostles to do his work that began in [Matthew 10:1](./01.md). +# General Information: -## first ## +Here the author provides the names of the twelve apostles as background information. -in order, not in rank +# Now -## the Zealot ## +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew tells background information about the twelve apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -Possible meanings are 1) "the Zealot" or 2) “the zealous one." The first meaning indicates he was part of the group of people who wanted to free the Jewish people from Roman rule. Alternative translation: “the patriot” or “the nationalist” or "the freedom fighter." The second meaning indicates that he was zealous for God to be honored. Alternative translation: “passionate.” +# twelve apostles -## Matthew the tax collector ## +This is the same group as the "twelve disciples" in [Matthew 10:1](./01.md). -"Matthew, who had been a tax collector" +# first -## who would betray him ## +This is first in order, not in rank. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the Zealot + +Possible meanings are 1) "the Zealot" is a title that indicates he was part of the group of people who wanted to free the Jewish people from Roman rule. AT: "patriot" or "nationalist" or 2) "the zealous one" is a description that indicates he was zealous for God to be honored. AT: "passionate" + +# Matthew the tax collector + +"Matthew, who was a tax collector" + +# who would betray him "who would betray Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/05.md b/mat/10/05.md index 2899e91627..d4465a42bb 100644 --- a/mat/10/05.md +++ b/mat/10/05.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus' sending out his twelve apostles to do his work. +# Connecting Statement: -## These twelve Jesus sent out ## +Here Jesus begins to give instructions to his disciples about what they should do and expect when they go to preach. + +# General Information: + +Although verse 5 begins by saying that he sent out the twelve, Jesus gave these instructions before he sent them out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# These twelve Jesus sent out "Jesus sent out these twelve men" or "It was these twelve men whom Jesus sent out" -## sent out ## +# sent out -Jesus sent them out for a particular purpose. "Sent out" is the verbal form of the noun "apostles" that is used in [Matthew 10:1](./01.md). +Jesus sent them out for a particular purpose. -## he instructed them ## +# He instructed them -"he told them what they needed to do." This could be translated "he commanded them." +"He told them what they needed to do" or "He commanded them" -## lost sheep of the house of Israel ## +# lost sheep of the house of Israel -This is a metaphor comparing the entire nation of Israel to sheep who have strayed away from their shepherd (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a metaphor comparing the entire nation of Israel to sheep who have strayed from their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## house of Israel ## +# house of Israel -This expression refers to the nation of Israel. It may be translated as “people of Israel” or "descendants of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the nation of Israel. AT: "people of Israel" or "descendants of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## And as you go ## +# as you go -The pronoun "you" refers to the twelve apostles. +Here "you" is plural and refers to the twelve apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## The kingdom of heaven has drawn near ## +# The kingdom of heaven has come near -You should translate this the same way you translated the same idea in [Matthew 3:1](../03/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God ruling as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, use the word "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 3:2](../03/01.md). AT: "Our God in heaven will soon show himself to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/08.md b/mat/10/08.md index 92953c206f..727e1cf4e8 100644 --- a/mat/10/08.md +++ b/mat/10/08.md @@ -1,37 +1,35 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus sending out his twelve apostles to do his work that began in [Matthew 10:1](./01.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## you...your ## +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about what they should do when they go to preach. -the twelve apostles +# you ... your -## Acquire no gold, silver, nor brass ## +These are plural and refer to the twelve apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"Do not acquire gold, silver, or brass" +# Freely you have received, freely give -## Acquire ## +There is information here that is not stated, but it is understood. AT: "I helped you and taught you God's truth for free. Therefore, you should not make other people pay for you to help them or to teach them God's truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -"Get," Receive," or "Take" +# gold, silver, or copper -## gold, silver, nor brass ## +These are metals out of which coins were made. This list is a metonym for money, so if the metals are unknown in your area, translate the list as "money." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -These are metals out of which coins were made. This list is a metonym for money, so if the metals are unknown in your area, translate the list as "money" (see UDB). +# purses -## purses ## +This means "belts" or "money belts," but it can refer to whatever might be used to carry money. A belt is a long strip of cloth or leather worn around the waist. It was often wide enough that it could be folded and used to carry money. -This means "belts" or "money-belts," but it can refer to whatever might be used to carry money. A belt is a long strip of cloth or leather worn around the waist. It was often wide enough that it could be folded and used to carry money. - -## traveling bag ## +# traveling bag This could either be any bag used to carry things on a journey, or a bag used by someone to collect food or money. -## two tunics ## +# an extra tunic Use the same word you used for "tunic" in [Matthew 5:40](../05/40.md). -## laborer ## +# laborer "worker" -## food ## +# his food -"what he needs" \ No newline at end of file +Here "food" refers to anything a person needs. AT: "what he needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/11.md b/mat/10/11.md index 14d5f614b2..4f142192bc 100644 --- a/mat/10/11.md +++ b/mat/10/11.md @@ -1,41 +1,47 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus sending out his twelve apostles to do his work that began in [Matthew 10:1](./01.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## you...your ## +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about what they should do when they go out to preach. -These pronouns refer to the twelve apostles. +# you ... your -## Whatever city or village you enter ## +These are plural and refer to the twelve apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Whatever city or village you enter "Whenever you enter a city or village" or "Every city or village you go into" -## city...village ## +# city ... village -"large village...small village" or "large town...small town." These are the same words as in [Matthew 9:35](../09/35.md). +"large village ... small village" or "large town ... small town." See how you translated this in [Matthew 9:35](../09/35.md). -## stay there until you leave ## +# worthy ... not worthy -"stay in that person's house until you leave the town or village" +In 10:11-13 a "worthy" person refers to a person who is willing to welcome the disciples. Jesus compares this person to one who is "not worthy," a person who does not welcome the disciples. -## As you enter into the house, greet it ## +# stay there until you leave -"As you enter into the house, greet the people who live in it." A common greeting in those days was "Peace be to this house!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The full meaning of the statement can be made explicit. AT: "stay in that person's house until you leave the town or village" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the house is worthy ## +# As you enter into the house, greet it -"the people who live in that house receive you well" (UDB) or "the people who live in that house treat you well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The phrase "greet it" means greet the house. A common greeting in those days was "Peace be to this house!" Here "house" refers to the people who live in the house. AT: "As you enter into the house, greet the people who live in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## let your peace come upon it ## +# the house is worthy -"let peace come upon it" or "the people who live in that house will live in peace" (See UDB) +Here "house" refers to those who live in the house. AT: "the people who live in that house receive you well" or "the people who live in that house treat you well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your peace ## +# let your peace come upon it -the peace the apostles are to ask God to bring upon the people in the house +The word "it" means the house. Here "house" refers to the people who live in the house. AT: "let peace come upon it" or "the people who live in that house will live in peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## if it is not worthy ## +# your peace -"if they do not receive you well" (UDB) or "if they do not treat you well" +This is the peace the apostles are to ask God to bring upon the people in the house. -## let your peace come back to you ## +# if it is not worthy -This could have one of two meanings 1) If the household was not worthy, then God would hold back peace or blessings from that household, as expressed in the UDB, or 2) if the household was not worthy, then the apostles were supposed to do something, such as asking God not to honor their greeting of peace. If your language has a similar meaning of taking back a greeting or its effects, that should be used here. \ No newline at end of file +The word "it" means the house. Here "house" refers to the people who live in the house. AT: "if they do not receive you well" or "if they do not treat you well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let your peace come back to you + +Possible meanings are 1) if the household was not worthy, then God would hold back peace or blessings from that household or 2) if the household was not worthy, then the apostles were supposed to do something, such as asking God not to honor their greeting of peace. If your language has a similar meaning of taking back a greeting or its effects, that should be used here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/14.md b/mat/10/14.md index ec2e5f2e0a..47757362c0 100644 --- a/mat/10/14.md +++ b/mat/10/14.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus sending out his twelve apostles to do his work that began in [Matthew 10:1](./01.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## As for those who do not receive you or listen ## +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about what they should do when they go to preach. -"If no people in that town will receive you or listen" +# As for those who do not receive you or listen -## you…your ## +"If no people in that house or city will receive you or listen" -the twelve apostles +# you ... your -## listen to your words ## +This is plural and refers to the twelve apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"listen to your message" (UDB) or "listen to what you have to say" +# listen to your words -## city ## +Here "words" refers to what the disciples say. AT: "listen to your message" or "listen to what you have to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# city You should translate this the same way you did in [Matthew 10:11](./11.md). -## shake off the dust from your feet ## +# shake off the dust from your feet -"shake the dust of that house or city off your feet." This is a sign that God had rejected the people of that house or city (see UDB). +"shake the dust off your feet as you leave." This is a sign that God has rejected the people of that house or city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## It shall be more tolerable ## +# Truly I say to you -"The suffering shall be less" +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -## the land of Sodom and Gomorrah ## +# it shall be more tolerable -"the people who lived in the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah," whom God destroyed with fire sent from heaven (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"the suffering shall be less" -## that city ## +# the land of Sodom and Gomorrah -the people in the city that does not receive the apostles or listen to their message (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah. AT: "the people who lived in the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that city + +This refers to the people in the city that does not receive the apostles or listen to their message. AT: "the people of the city that does not receive you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/16.md b/mat/10/16.md index da4e6df3f8..47adbf84c8 100644 --- a/mat/10/16.md +++ b/mat/10/16.md @@ -1,57 +1,47 @@ -Jesus begins to tell his twelve apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him. +# Connecting Statement: -## Behold ## +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples. Here he begins to tell them about the persecution they will endure when they go out to preach. -The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternative translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” (see UDB). +# See -## I send you out ## +The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# I send you out Jesus is sending them out for a particular purpose. -## as sheep in the midst of wolves ## +# as sheep in the midst of wolves -Jesus compares the disciples he is sending out to defenseless animals going to where wild animals are likely to attack them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Sheep are defenseless animals that wolves often attack. Jesus is stating that the people may harm the disciples. AT: "as sheep among people who are like dangerous wolves" or "as sheep among people who act the way dangerous animals act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## as sheep ## +# be as wise as serpents and harmless as doves -defenseless (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Jesus is telling the disciples they must be cautious and harmless among the people. If comparing the disciples to serpents or doves is confusing, it might be better not to state the similes. AT: "act with understanding and caution, as well as with innocence and virtue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## in the midst of wolves ## +# Watch out for people! They will -You can specify the simile as "among people who are like dangerous wolves" or "among people who act the way dangerous animals act," or state the point of similarity, "among people who will attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +You can translate with "because" to show how these two statements relate. AT: "Watch out for people because they will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## be as wise as serpents and harmless as doves ## +# deliver you up to -It might be better not to state the similes: "act with understanding and caution, as well as with innocence and virtue." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"betray you to" or "give you up to" or "have you arrested and tried by" -## Be on your guard against people, for they will deliver you up ## +# councils -"Beware, because people will deliver you up." +"courts." These are local religious leaders or elders who together keep peace in the community. -## Be on your guard against ## - -"Watch out for" or "Be alert for" or "Be very careful about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## deliver you up to ## - -This is the word for what Judas did to Jesus (see UDB). Alternative translation: "betray you to" or "give you up to" or "have you arrested and tried by." - -## councils ## - -The meaning here is local religious leaders or elders who together keep peace in the community. Alternative translation: "courts." - -## whip you ## +# whip you "beat you with a whip" -## you will be brought ## +# you will be brought -"they will bring you" or "they will drag you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will bring you" or "they will drag you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for my sake ## +# for my sake -"because you belong to me" (UDB) or "because you follow me" +"because you belong to me" or "because you follow me" -## to them and to the Gentiles ## +# to them and to the Gentiles -The pronoun "them" refers either to the "governors and kings" or to the Jewish accusers (10:17). \ No newline at end of file +The pronoun "them" refers either to the "governors and kings" or to the Jewish accusers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/19.md b/mat/10/19.md index 6ed286b4a1..f2a6cb93b1 100644 --- a/mat/10/19.md +++ b/mat/10/19.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him; this began in [Matthew 10:16](./16.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## When they deliver you up ## +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the persecution they will endure when they go out to preach. -"When people deliver you up." The "people" here are the same "people" as in [Matthew 10:16](./16.md). +# When they deliver you up -## deliver you up ## +"When people give you over to the councils." The "people" here are the same "people" as in [Matthew 10:17](./16.md). -Translate this the way you translated "deliver you up" in [Matthew 10:16](./16.md). +# you ... your -## you ## +These are plural and refer to the twelve apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -The pronouns "you" and "your" throughout this passage refers to the twelve apostles. - -## do not be anxious ## +# do not be anxious "do not worry" -## how or what you will speak ## +# how or what you will speak -"how you are to speak or what you are to say." The two ideas may be combined: "what you are to say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) +"how you are to speak or what you are to say." The two ideas may be combined: "what you are to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) -## in that hour ## +# for what to say will be given to you -"at that time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the Holy Spirit will tell you what to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the Spirit of your Father ## +# in that hour -If necessary, this can be translated "the Spirit of God your heavenly Father" or a footnote added to the text to make clear that this refers to God the Holy Spirit and not to the spirit of an earthly father. +Here "hour" means "right then." AT: "right then" or "at that time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in you ## +# the Spirit of your Father + +If necessary, this can be translated as "the Spirit of God your heavenly Father" or a footnote can be added to make it clear that this refers to God the Holy Spirit and not to the spirit of an earthly father. + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# in you "through you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/21.md b/mat/10/21.md index 23bbbf6a01..a6c8b9f6d8 100644 --- a/mat/10/21.md +++ b/mat/10/21.md @@ -1,45 +1,67 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him; this began in [Matthew 10:16](./16.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## Brother will deliver up brother to death, and a father his child ## +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the persecution they will endure when they go out to preach. -AT: "Brothers will deliver up their brothers to death, and fathers will deliver up their children to death." +# Brother will deliver up brother to death, and a father his child -## deliver up ## +The phrase "a father his child" can be translated as a complete sentence. AT: "Brothers will deliver up their brothers to death, and fathers will deliver up their children to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -You should translate this the same way you translated "deliver...up" in [Matthew 10:16](./16.md). +# deliver up -## rise up against ## +"betray" or "give up." See how you translated this in [Matthew 10:17](./16.md). -"rebel against" (UDB) or "turn against" +# to death -## and cause them to be put to death ## +The abstract noun "death" can be translated in a concrete, more detailed way. AT: "to the courts so that the authorities can execute them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"and have them put to death" or "and have the authorities put them to death" +# rise up against -## You will be hated by everyone ## +"rebel against" or "turn against" -AT: "Everyone will hate you" or "All people will hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# cause them to be put to death -## You...you...you...You ## +This can be translated in active form. AT: "have them put to death" or "have the authorities execute them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -the twelve apostles +# You will be hated by everyone -## because of my name ## +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Everyone will hate you" or "All people will hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"because of me" or "because you trust in me" (UDB) +# You -## whoever endures ## +This is plural and refers to the twelve disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# because of my name + +Here "name" refers to the entire person. AT: "because of me" or "because you trust in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whoever endures "whoever stays faithful" -## that person will be saved ## +# to the end -AT: "God will deliver that person." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +It is not clear whether the "end" means when a person dies, when the persecution ends, or the end of the age when God shows himself to be king. The main point is that they endure as long as necessary. -## flee to the next ## +# that person will be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will deliver that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in this city + +Here "this" does not refer to a specific city. AT: "in one city" + +# flee to the next "flee to the next city" -## has come ## +# truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# has come "arrives" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/24.md b/mat/10/24.md index 67f133b927..fca1e1d7f4 100644 --- a/mat/10/24.md +++ b/mat/10/24.md @@ -1,49 +1,51 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him; this began in [Matthew 10:16](./16.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## A disciple is not greater than his teacher ## +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the persecution they will endure when they go out to preach. -This is a statement of general truth, not a statement about any particular disciple and teacher. A disciple "is not more important" than his teacher. This may be because he "does not know more" or "has no higher rank" or "is no better" than his teacher. Alternative translation: "A disciple is always less important than his teacher" or "A teacher is always more important than his disciple." +# A disciple is not greater than his teacher, nor a servant above his master -## nor a servant above his master ## +Jesus is using a proverb to teach his disciples a general truth. Jesus is emphasizing that the disciples should not expect people to treat them any better than the people treat Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) -"and a servant is not above his master." This is a statement of general truth, not a statement about any particular master and slave. A servant is not "greater" or "more important" than his master. Alternative translation: "and a servant is always less important than his master" or "and a master is always more important than his servant." +# A disciple is not greater than his teacher -## servant ## +"A disciple is always less important than his teacher" or "A teacher is always more important than his disciple" -"slave" +# nor a servant above his master -## master ## +"and a servant is always less important than his master" or "and a master is always more important than his servant" -"owner" +# It is enough for the disciple that he should be like his teacher -## It is enough for the disciple that he should be like his teacher ## +"The disciple should be satisfied to become like his teacher" -"The disciple should be satisfied with being like his teacher." +# be like his teacher -## be like his teacher ## +If necessary, you can make explicit how the disciple becomes like the teacher. AT: "know as much as his teacher knows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"know as much as his teacher knows" or "be the same as his teacher." +# the servant like his master -## and the servant like his master ## +If necessary, you can make explicit how the servant becomes like the master. AT: "the servant should be satisfied to become only as important as his master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"and the servant should be satisfied to be only as important as his master" +# If they have called the master ... how much worse ... they call ... the members of his household -## If they have called the master of the house Beelzebul, how much more them of his household ## +Again Jesus is emphasizing that since people have mistreated him, his disciples should expect people to treat them the same or worse. -Jesus was being mistreated, so the disciples of Jesus should expect to be treated the same or worse (see UDB). +# how much worse would be the names they call the members of his household -## If they have called ## +"the names that they call the members of his household will certainly be much worse" or "they will certainly call the members of his household much worse names" -Alternative translation: "Since people have called." +# If they have called -## the master of the house ## +"Since people have called" -Jesus is using "the master of the house" as a metaphor for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# the master of the house -## Beelzebul ## +Jesus is using this as a metaphor for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This word from the original language can either be 1) transcribed directly as "Beelzebul" or 2) translated with its intended meaning of "Satan." +# Beelzebul -## them of his household ## +This name can either be 1) transcribed directly as "Beelzebul" or 2) translated with its original, intended meaning of "Satan." -Jesus is using "them of his household" as a metaphor for his disciples. \ No newline at end of file +# his household + +This is a metaphor for Jesus' disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/26.md b/mat/10/26.md index 1547a7f83d..747b06d05e 100644 --- a/mat/10/26.md +++ b/mat/10/26.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him; this began in [Matthew 10:16](./16.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## do not fear them ## +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the persecution they will endure when they go out to preach. -The pronoun "them" refers to the people who mistreat followers of Jesus. +# do not fear them -## there is nothing concealed that will not be revealed, and nothing hidden that will not be known ## +Here "them" refers to the people who mistreat followers of Jesus. -This parallelism can also be translated as "God will reveal the things that people hide." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# there is nothing concealed that will not be revealed, and nothing hidden that will not be known -## What I tell you in the darkness, say in the daylight, and what you hear softly in your ear, proclaim upon the housetops ## +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Jesus is emphasizing that God will make all things known. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will reveal the things that people hide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This parallelism can also be translated as "Tell people in the daylight what I tell you in the darkness, and proclaim upon the housetops what you hear softly in your ear." +# What I tell you in the darkness, say in the daylight, and what you hear softly in your ear, proclaim upon the housetops -## What I tell you in the darkness ## +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Jesus is emphasizing that the disciples should tell everyone what he tells the disciples in private. AT: "Tell people in the daylight what I tell you in the darkness, and proclaim upon the housetops what you hear softly in your ear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"What I say to you secretly" (UDB) or "The things I am telling you privately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# What I tell you in the darkness -## say in the daylight ## +Here "darkness" means "in private." AT: "What I say to you secretly" or "The things I am telling you privately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"say it openly" or "say it publicly" (see UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# say in the daylight -## what you hear softly in your ear ## +Here "daylight" means "in public." AT: "say openly" or "say publicly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"what I whisper to you." +# what you hear softly in your ear -## proclaim upon the housetops ## +This is a way of referring to whispering. AT: "what I whisper to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"say it with a loud voice for all to hear." Housetops where Jesus lived were flat, and people far away would be able to hear anyone speaking with a loud voice. \ No newline at end of file +# proclaim upon the housetops + +Housetops where Jesus lived were flat, and people far away could hear anyone speaking with a loud voice. Here "housetops" refers to any place where all people can hear. AT: "speak loudly in a public place for all to hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/28.md b/mat/10/28.md index 0014d6e447..e479b6d2ee 100644 --- a/mat/10/28.md +++ b/mat/10/28.md @@ -1,57 +1,63 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him; this began in [Matthew 10:16](./16.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but are unable to kill the soul ## +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the persecution they will endure when they go to preach. -"Do not be afraid of people. They can kill the body, but they cannot kill the soul." +# General Information: -## kill the body ## +Here Jesus also begins to give reasons why his disciples should not be afraid of the persecution they might experience. -cause physical death. If these words are awkward, they can be translated as "kill you" or "kill other people." +# Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but are unable to kill the soul -## body ## +This is not distinguishing between people who cannot kill the soul and people who can kill the soul. No person can kill the soul. AT: "Do not be afraid of people. They can kill the body, but they cannot kill the soul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) -the part of a person that can be touched +# kill the body -## kill the soul ## +This means to cause physical death. If these words are awkward, they can be translated as "kill you" or "kill other people." -harm people after they have died +# body -## soul ## +the part of a person that can be touched, as opposed to the soul or spirit + +# kill the soul + +This means to harm people after they have physically died. + +# soul the part of a person that cannot be touched and that lives on after the physical body dies -## Are not two sparrows sold for a small coin ## +# fear him who is able -This rhetorical question can be translated as "Think about the sparrows. They have so little value that you can buy two of them for only one small coin" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +You can add "because" to clarify why people should fear God. AT: "fear God because he is able" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## sparrows ## +# Are not two sparrows sold for a small coin? -These very small, seed-eating birds are used as a metaphor for things that people do not think are important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus states this proverb as a question to teach his disciples. AT: "Think about the sparrows. They have so little value that you can buy two of them for only one small coin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## a small coin ## +# sparrows -This is often translated as the smallest coin in the target language. It refers to a copper coin worth about one-sixteenth of a day's wage for a laborer. It can also be translated "very little money." +These are very small, seed-eating birds. AT: "small birds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## not one of them falls to the ground without your Father's knowledge ## +# a small coin -This expression can be translated "even one of them falls to the ground only if your Father knows about it" or "only if your Father knows about it does even one of them fall to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This is often translated as the least valuable coin available in your country. It refers to a copper coin worth about one-sixteenth of a day's wage for a laborer. AT: "very little money" -## not one of them ## +# not one of them falls to the ground without your Father's knowledge -"not one sparrow" +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "your Father knows when even one sparrow dies and falls to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## falls to the ground ## +# Father -"dies" +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## even the hairs of your head are all numbered ## +# even the hairs of your head are all numbered -“God knows even how many hairs are on your head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God knows even how many hairs are on your head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## numbered ## +# numbered "counted" -## You are more valuable than many sparrows ## +# You are more valuable than many sparrows -“God values you more than many sparrows" \ No newline at end of file +"God values you more than many sparrows" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/32.md b/mat/10/32.md index 505b3a99b7..44136a3ff3 100644 --- a/mat/10/32.md +++ b/mat/10/32.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him; this began in [Matthew 10:16](./16.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## everyone who confesses me before men ## +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the reasons why they should not be afraid of the persecution that they might experience. -“whoever tells others that he is my disciple” or “anyone who acknowledges before others that he is loyal to me” +# everyone who confesses me before men -## confess ## +"whoever tells others that he is my disciple" or "anyone who acknowledges before other people that he is loyal to me" -"acknowledge" (see UDB) +# I will also confess before my Father who is in heaven -## before men ## +You can make explicit the information that is understood. AT: "I will also acknowledge before my Father who is in heaven that these people belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -"before people" or "before other people" +# my Father who is in heaven -## my Father who is in heaven ## +"my heavenly Father" -Jesus is speaking of God the Father. +# Father -## he who denies me before men ## +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -“he who disowns me before people” or "he who rejects me before people" or “whoever refuses to acknowledge to others that he is my disciple” or “if anyone refuses to say that he is loyal to me.” \ No newline at end of file +# he who denies me before men + +"if anyone denies to other people that he is loyal to me" or "whoever refuses to acknowledge to others that he is my disciple" + +# I will also deny before my Father who is in heaven + +You can make explicit the information that is understood. AT: "I will deny before my Father who is in heaven that this person belongs to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/34.md b/mat/10/34.md index cabf9653c0..16de9e7ad2 100644 --- a/mat/10/34.md +++ b/mat/10/34.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him; this began in [Matthew 10:16](./16.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## Do not think ## +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the reasons why they should not be afraid of the persecution that they might experience. + +# Do not think "Do not suppose" or "You must not think" -## a sword ## +# upon the earth -This metaphor can stand for 1) violent death (see "cross" in [Matthew 10:37](./37.md)) or 2) strife that causes division. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to the people who live on the earth. AT: "to the people of the earth" or "to people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## set ## +# a sword + +This refers to division, fighting, and killing among people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# set "turn" or "divide" or "separate" -## a man against his father ## +# a man against his father "a son against his father" -## A man's enemies ## +# A man's enemies "A person's enemies" or "A person's worst enemies" -## those of his own household ## +# those of his own household "members of his own family" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/37.md b/mat/10/37.md index 404dead88c..23caa6e19a 100644 --- a/mat/10/37.md +++ b/mat/10/37.md @@ -1,53 +1,47 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his apostles about the persecution they will endure as they work for him; this began in [Matthew 10:16](./16.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## He who loves...is not worthy ## +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the reasons why they should not be afraid of the persecution that they might experience. -Alternate translations: "Those who love...are not worthy" or "If you love...you are not worthy." +# He who ... is not worthy -## He who ## +Here "he" means any person in general. AT: "Those who ... are not worthy" or "If you ... you are not worthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -This can also be translated "Whoever" or "The one who" or "Anyone who" or "People who" (see UDB). +# loves -## loves ## +The word for "love" here refers to "brotherly love" or "love from a friend." AT: "cares for" or "is devoted to" or "is fond of" -The word for "love" here refers to “brotherly love” or “love from a friend.” It can also be translated "cares for" or "is devoted to" or "is fond of." +# worthy of me -## is not worthy of me ## +"deserve to belong to me" or "worthy to be my disciple" -This can also be translated "does not deserve to belong to me" or "is not worthy to be my disciple" or "is not worthy to belong to me."(see UDB). +# pick up his cross and follow after me -## He who does not pick up...is not ## +"carry his cross and follow me." The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. AT: "must obey me even to the point of suffering and dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Alternate translations: "Those who do not pick up...are not" or "If you do not pick up...you are not" or "Unless you pick up...you are not." - -## pick up...cross and follow ## - -This is a metaphor for being willing to die. You should use the regular words for picking up an object and walking with it behind another person. (See: Metaphor) - -## pick up ## +# pick up "take up" or "pick up and carry" -## He who finds...will lose...he who loses...will find ## +# He who finds ... will lose ... he who loses ... will find -These words should be translated with as few words as possible. Alternate translations: "Those who find...will lose...those who lose...will find" or "If you find...you will lose...if you lose...you will find." +Jesus uses a proverb to teach his disciples. This should be translated with as few words as possible. AT: "Those who find ... will lose ... those who lose ... will find" or "If you find ... you will lose ... if you lose ... you will find" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) -## finds ## +# finds -This is a metonym for "keeps" or "saves." Alternate translations: "tries to keep" or "tries to save." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is a metaphor for "keeps" or "saves." AT: "tries to keep" or "tries to save" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will lose it ## +# will lose it -This does not mean the person will die. It is a metaphor for "will not have true life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This does not mean the person will die. It is a metaphor that means the person will not experience spiritual life with God. AT: "will not have true life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## loses ## +# who loses his life -Alternate translations: "gives up" or "is willing to give up." +This does not mean to die. It is a metaphor that means a person considers obeying Jesus more important than his own life. AT: "who denies himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for my sake ## +# for my sake -“because he trusts me” (see UDB) or “on my account" or "because of me." This is the same idea as "for my sake" in [Matthew 10:16](./16.md). +"because he trusts me" or "on my account" or "because of me." This is the same idea as "for my sake" in [Matthew 10:18](./16.md). -## will find it ## +# will find it -This metaphor means "will find true life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This metaphor means the person will experience spiritual life with God. AT: "will find true life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/40.md b/mat/10/40.md index bcb880e324..cfc66db251 100644 --- a/mat/10/40.md +++ b/mat/10/40.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -Jesus begins to explain to his apostles that he will reward people who help them as they go. +# Connecting Statement: -## He who ## +Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the reasons why they should not be afraid of the persecution that they might experience. -This can also be translated “Whoever” or “Anyone who” or “The one who” (see UDB). +# He who -## welcomes ## +The word "He" refers to anyone in general. AT: "Whoever" or "Anyone who" or "The one who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -This is the same word as "receive" in [Matthew 10:14](./14.md) and means "receives as a guest." +# welcomes -## you ## +This means to receive someone as a guest. -The pronoun "you" refers to the twelve apostles to whom Jesus is speaking. +# you -## welcomes him who sent me ## +This is plural and refers to the twelve apostles to whom Jesus is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"welcomes God the Father who sent me" \ No newline at end of file +# welcomes me + +Jesus means it is the same as welcoming him. AT: "it is like he is welcoming me" or "it is as if he were welcoming me" + +# welcomes him who sent me + +This means when someone welcomes Jesus it is the same as welcoming God. AT: "it is as if he were welcoming God the Father who sent me" + +# because he is a prophet + +Here "he" does not refer to the person who is welcoming. It refers to the person being welcomed. + +# a prophet's reward + +This refers to the reward that God gives the prophet, not to the reward that a prophet gives to another person. + +# he is a righteous man + +Here "he" does not refer to the person who is welcoming. It refers to the person being welcomed. + +# a righteous man's reward + +This refers to the reward God gives to a righteous person, not a reward that a righteous person gives to another person. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/42.md b/mat/10/42.md index 3b0def80af..4d88387c22 100644 --- a/mat/10/42.md +++ b/mat/10/42.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Jesus finishes explaining to his apostles that he will reward people who help them as they go. +# Connecting Statement: -## Whoever gives ## +Jesus finishes instructing his disciples about what they should do and expect when they go to preach. -"Anyone who gives." +# Whoever gives -## one of these unimportant ones, even a cup of cold water to drink, because he is a disciple ## +"Anyone who gives" -This can also be translated "one of these little ones a cup of cold water because he is a disciple of mine" or "one of the least of my disciples even a drink of cold water." +# one of these little ones -## he will in no way lose his reward ## +"one of these lowly ones" or "the least important of these." The phrase "one of these" here refers to one of Jesus' disciples. -"that person will certainly receive his reward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +# because he is a disciple -## lose ## +"because he is my disciple." Here "he" does not refer to the one giving but to the unimportant one. -"be denied." This has nothing to do with having a possession taken away. \ No newline at end of file +# truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# he will ... his reward + +Here "he" and "his" refer to the one who is giving. + +# in no way lose + +"God will not deny him." This has nothing to do with having a possession taken away. It can be stated in positive form. AT: "God will certainly give him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/10/intro.md b/mat/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b1986a0d9d --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Matthew 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The sending of the twelve disciples ##### + +A large section of this chapter discusses Jesus' sending of the twelve disciples to share his message about the kingdom of heaven. They were to limit their ministry to Israel and not share this news with the Gentiles. Jesus' instructions gives the reader the impression that they were not to waste any time. There is a sense of urgency in his tone. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The twelve disciples #####= + +The following are the list of the twelve disciples: +In Matthew: +Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot. + +In Mark: +Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee, and John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, + +In Luke: +Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James, the son of Alphaeus, Simon, who was called the Zealot, Judas, the son of James, and Judas Iscariot, + +It is probable that Thaddaeus and Jude, the son of James, are two names of the same person. + +##### "The kingdom of heaven is near" ##### + +This phrase has great theological significance. Scholars often debate whether the "kingdom of heaven" was present at this time or still coming. English translations frequently use the phrase "at hand," but this can create difficulty in translating. Other translations use the phase "is coming near" and "has come near." + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/01.md b/mat/11/01.md index eff64758c6..cf9c77235f 100644 --- a/mat/11/01.md +++ b/mat/11/01.md @@ -1,37 +1,43 @@ -This section begins the story of how Jesus responded to disciples of John the Baptist. +# General Information: -## It came about that ## +This is the beginning of a new part of the story where the writer tells of how Jesus responded to disciples of John the Baptist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -This phrase is used to show that this is the beginning of an account. If your language has a way of showing the start of an account, you may use that. It could be translated "Then" or "After that" +# It came about that when -## instructing ## +This phrase shifts the story from Jesus' teachings to what happened next. AT: "Then" or "After" -This word can also be translated as "teaching" or "commanding." +# instructing -## his twelve disciples ## +"teaching" or "commanding." -This refers to the twelve chosen apostles of Jesus. +# his twelve disciples -## Now ## +This refers to the twelve chosen apostles of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -"At that time." This can also be omitted (see UDB). +# in their cities -## when John heard in the prison about ## +Here "their" refers to all the Jews in general. -Alternative translations: "When John, who was in prison, heard about" or “When someone told John, who was in prison, about” +# Now -## he sent a message by his disciples ## +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# when John heard in the prison about + +"When John, who was in prison, heard about" or "When someone told John, who was in prison, about." Even though Matthew has not yet told the readers that King Herod put John the Baptist in jail, the original audience would have been familiar with the story and understood the implicit information here. Matthew will give more information later about John the Baptist, so it is probably best not to make it explicit here. + +# he sent a message by his disciples John the Baptist sent his own disciples with a message to Jesus. -## and said to him ## +# said to him The pronoun "him" refers to Jesus. -## Are you the Coming One ## +# Are you the one who is coming -Whether translated "Coming One" or "the one whom we are expecting to come," this is a euphemism for the Messiah ("Christ," UDB). +"Are you the one whom we are expecting to come." This is another way to refer to the Messiah or Christ. -## we should be looking for ## +# should we look for another -“we should be expecting.” The pronoun "we" refers to all Jews, not only John's disciples. \ No newline at end of file +"should we be expecting someone else." The pronoun "we" refers to all Jews, not only John's disciples. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/04.md b/mat/11/04.md index 8e5b4da68a..5e15644d5e 100644 --- a/mat/11/04.md +++ b/mat/11/04.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -This concludes the response of Jesus to the disciples of John the Baptist. +# report to John -## report to John ## +"tell John" -"tell John" \ No newline at end of file +# lepers are being cleansed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am healing lepers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# dead people are being raised back to life + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am causing those who have died to be alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# needy people are being told + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am telling needy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/07.md b/mat/11/07.md index 2cda2f8ec2..8fd5e164df 100644 --- a/mat/11/07.md +++ b/mat/11/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus begins to talk to the crowds about John the Baptist. -## what did you go out to see ## +# What did you go out in the desert to see—a reed ... wind? -Jesus used this phrase in three rhetorical questions to cause the people to think about what kind of person John the Baptist was. It could be translated as “Did you go out to see …? Of course not!” or “Surely you did not go out to see …!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus uses a question to cause the people to think about what kind of person John the Baptist is. AT: "Surely you did not go out to the desert to see a reed ... wind!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## a reed being shaken by the wind ## +# a reed being shaken by the wind -This can 1) mean the literal plants by the Jordan river (see UDB) or 2) be a metaphor for a kind of person: “a man who was like a reed shaken by the wind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) This simile has two possible interpretations: such a man could 1) be easily moved by the wind, a metaphor for easily changing his mind, or 2) make noise when the wind blows, a metaphor for talking a lot but not saying anything important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Jesus mean the literal plants by the Jordan River or 2) Jesus is using a metaphor to mean a kind of person. AT: "a man who easily changes his mind and is like a reed blowing back and forth in the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## reed ## +# being shaken by the wind -"tall, grassy plant" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "swaying in the wind" or "blowing in the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## dressed in soft clothing ## +# But what did you go out to see—a man ... clothing? -“wearing expensive clothing.” Rich people wore this kind of clothing. +Jesus uses a question to cause the people to think about what kind of person John the Baptist is. AT: And, surely you did not go out to the desert to see a man ... clothing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Really ## +# dressed in soft clothing -This word, often translated “behold,” adds emphasis to what follows. Alternative translation: “Indeed.” \ No newline at end of file +"wearing expensive clothing." Rich people wore this kind of clothing. + +# Really + +This word adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed" + +# kings' houses + +"kings' palaces" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/09.md b/mat/11/09.md index 98106f1cd0..057add72cb 100644 --- a/mat/11/09.md +++ b/mat/11/09.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus continues to talk to the crowds about John the Baptist. -## But what did you go out to see ## +# General Information: -This continues the series of rhetorical questions about John the Baptist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +In verse 10, Jesus quotes the prophet Malachi to show that the life and ministry of John the Baptist fulfilled prophecy. -## But what did you go out to see--a prophet? Yes, I say to you ## +# But what did you go out to see—a prophet? --a prophet? Yes, I say to you ** - The plural pronoun "you" is referring to the crowd in both cases. +Jesus uses a question to make the people think about what kind of man John the Baptist is. AT: "But surely you went out to the desert to see a prophet!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## much more than a prophet ## +# and much more than a prophet -“not an ordinary prophet” or “more important than a normal prophet” +This can be translated as a complete sentence. AT: "he is not an ordinary prophet" or "he is more important than a normal prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## This is he ## +# This is he of whom it was written -"This" refers to John the Baptist. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This is what the prophet Malachi wrote long ago about John the Baptist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he of whom it was written ## +# I am sending my messenger -The pronoun "he" refers to "my messenger" in the next phrase. +The pronouns "I" and "my" refer to God. Malachi is quoting what God said. -## See, I am sending my messenger before your face, who will prepare your way before you. ## +# before your face -Jesus is quoting here from the prophet Malachi and saying that John was that messenger in the writings of Malachi [Malachi 3:1](../../mal/03/01.md). +Here "your" is singular, because God was speaking to the Messiah in the quotation. Also, "face" refers to the whole person. AT: "in front of you" or "to go ahead of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## I am sending my messenger ## +# prepare your way before you -The pronouns "I" and "my" refer to God. The writer of this Old Testament prophecy is quoting what God said. - -## before your face ## - -“in front of you” or “to go ahead of you.” The pronoun “you” is singular, because God was speaking to the Messiah in the quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a metaphor that means the messenger will prepare the people to receive the Messiah's message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/11.md b/mat/11/11.md index 0c48488ddd..81f2db296e 100644 --- a/mat/11/11.md +++ b/mat/11/11.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus continues to talk to the crowds about John the Baptist. -## among those born of women ## +# I say to you truly -“among those to whom a woman has given birth” or "all people who have ever lived" (see UDB) +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -## no one is greater than John the Baptist ## +# among those born of women -AT: “John the Baptist is the greatest” +This is a way of referring to all humans. AT: "out of all people who have ever lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## in the kingdom of heaven ## +# no one is greater than John the Baptist -part of the kingdom that God will establish. AT: “who has entered into the kingdom of heaven.” +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "John the Baptist is the greatest" or "John the Baptist is the most important" -## is greater than he is ## +# the least important person in the kingdom of heaven + +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, try to keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "the least important person under the rule of our God in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is greater than he is "is more important than John is" -## From the days of John the Baptist until now ## +# From the days of John the Baptist -"From the time John began preaching his message" +"From the time John began preaching his message." The word "days" probably refers here to a period of months or even years. -## the kingdom of heaven suffers violence, and men of violence take it by force ## +# the kingdom of heaven suffers violence, and men of violence take it by force -Possible meanings are 1) violent people treat it violently (see UDB) or 2) "people persecute the subjects of the kingdom of heaven, and violent men are trying to take control of it" or 3) "the kingdom of heaven has been going forward powerfully, and powerful men want to be part of it." \ No newline at end of file +There are various possible interpretations of this verse. The ULB and UDB assume that it means that some people want to use God's kingdom for their own selfish purposes, and that they are willing to use force against other people to accomplish this. Other versions assume a positive interpretation, that the call to enter the kingdom of God has become so urgent, that people must act in an extreme manner in order to answer that call and to resist the temptation to sin further. A third interpretation is that violent people are harming God's people and trying to stop God from ruling. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/13.md b/mat/11/13.md index 7457460d8b..88115c4b85 100644 --- a/mat/11/13.md +++ b/mat/11/13.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus continues to talk to the crowds about John the Baptist. -## law ## +# all the prophets and the law have been prophesying until John -"law of Moses" +Here "prophets and the law" refer to the things that the prophets and Moses wrote in scripture. AT: "for these are the things that the prophets and Moses have prophesied through the scriptures until the time of John the Baptist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## John ## +# if you -"John the Baptist" +Here "you" is plural and refers to the crowd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## And if you ## +# he is Elijah who was to come -The pronoun "you" refers to the people in the crowd. +The word "he" refers to John the Baptist. This does not mean John the Baptist is literally Elijah. Jesus means John the Baptist fulfills the prophecy about "Elijah, who is to come" or the next Elijah. AT: "when the prophet Malachi said that Elijah would return, he was speaking about John the Baptist" -## this is Elijah ## +# He who has ears to hear -"This" refers to John the Baptist. This phrase is a metonym saying that John the Baptist corresponds to the prophecy of Elijah in the Old Testament, but it is not saying that John the Baptist is actually Elijah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is a way of referring to everyone listening. AT: "Everyone who is listening to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## He who has ears to hear, let him hear ## +# let him listen -AT: "You who have ears to hear, hear." - -## He who has ears to hear ## - -"Whoever can hear" or "Whoever hears me" - -## let him hear ## - -"let him listen well" or "let him pay attention to what I say" \ No newline at end of file +Here "listen" means paying attention. AT: "must pay careful attention to what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/16.md b/mat/11/16.md index e94a60f3a0..fc940ee699 100644 --- a/mat/11/16.md +++ b/mat/11/16.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus continues to talk to the crowds about John the Baptist. -## To what should I compare ## +# To what should I compare this generation? -This is the start of a rhetorical question. Jesus used it to introduce a comparison between the people of that day and what children might say in the marketplace. He begins with a rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus uses a question to introduce a comparison between the people of that day and what children might say in the marketplace. AT: "This is what this generation is like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## It is like children playing in the marketplace, who sit and call to one another ## +# this generation -This simile can mean 1) Jesus "played the flute" and John "mourned," but "this generation" refused to dance or weep, metaphors for obedience, or 2) the Pharisees and other religious leaders criticized the common people for not obeying the laws they added to the Law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"the people living now" or "these people" or "you people of this generation" -## this generation ## +# It is like children playing in the marketplace ... and you did not weep -“the people living now” or “these people” or “you people of this generation” (see UDB) +Jesus uses a parable to describe the people who were alive at that time. He compares them to a group of children who are trying to get the other children to play with them. But, no matter way they do, the other children will not join them. Jesus means that it does not matter if God sends someone like John the Baptist, who lives in the desert and fasts, or someone like Jesus, who celebrates with sinners and does not fast. The people, most specifically the Pharisees and religious leaders, still remain stubborn and refuse to accept God's truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## marketplace ## +# marketplace -This was a large, open-air area where people would come to sell their goods. +a large, open-air area where people buy and sell items -## We played a flute for you ## +# We played a flute for you -"We" refers to the children sitting in the marketplace. "You" refers to "this generation" or the crowd who hears the music and does not respond. +"We" refers to the children sitting in the marketplace. Here "you" is plural and refers to the other group of children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## flute ## +# and you did not dance -This is a long, hollow musical instrument, which is played by blowing air in or over one end. +"but you did not dance to the happy music" -## and you did not dance ## +# We mourned -“but you did not dance to the music” +This means they sang sad songs like women did at funerals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and you did not weep ## +# and you did not weep -“but you did not weep with us” \ No newline at end of file +"but you did not cry with us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/18.md b/mat/11/18.md index 4b48b65b6d..4d473abbb3 100644 --- a/mat/11/18.md +++ b/mat/11/18.md @@ -1,41 +1,47 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus concludes talking to the crowds about John the Baptist. -## not eating bread ## +# not eating bread or drinking wine -"not eating food." This can be translated "frequently fasting" or "not eating good food" (UDB). It does not mean that John never ate food. +Here "bread" refers to food. It does not mean that John never ate food. It means he fasted often, and when he ate he did not eat good, expensive food. AT: "frequently fasting and not drinking alcohol" or "not eating good food and drinking wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they say, 'He has a demon' ## +# they say, 'He has a demon.' -Jesus was quoting what the people were saying about John. It can be translated as an indirect quote: “they say that he has a demon” or “they accuse him of having a demon.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +This can be translated as an indirect quote. AT: "they say that he has a demon" or "they accuse him of having a demon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## they ## +# they say -The pronoun "they" refers to the people of that present generation (verse 16). +All occurrences of "they" refer to the people of that generation, and most specifically to the Pharisees and religious leaders. -## The Son of Man ## +# The Son of Man -Since Jesus expected the people there to understand that he was the Son of Man, it could also be translated as “I, the Son of Man.” +Jesus is referring to himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## they say, 'Look, he is a gluttonous man ## +# came eating and drinking -Jesus was quoting what the people were saying about him as the Son of Man. This can be translated as an indirect quote: “they say that he is a gluttonous man” or “they accuse him of eating too much.” If you translated “The Son of Man” as “I, the Son of man”, the indirect quote could be translated as “they say that I am a gluttonous man.” +This is the opposite of John's behavior. This means more than just consuming the normal amount of food and drink. It means Jesus celebrated and enjoyed good food and drink like other people did. -## he is a gluttonous man ## +# they say, 'Look, he is a gluttonous man and a drunkard ... sinners!' -“he is a greedy eater” or “he habitually eats too much food” +This can be translated as an indirect quote. AT: "they say that he is a gluttonous man and a drunkard ... sinners." or "they accuse him of eating and drinking too much and of being ... sinners." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## a drunkard ## +# they say, 'Look, he is a gluttonous man and a drunkard ... sinners!' -“a drunk” or “a habitual drunk” +If you translated "The Son of Man" as "I, the Son of man," you can state this as an indirect statement and use the first person. AT: "they say that I am a gluttonous man and a drunkard ... sinners." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## But wisdom is justified by her deeds ## +# he is a gluttonous man -This is probably a proverb that Jesus was applying to this situation, because the people who rejected both him and John were not being wise. It can be translated as an active sentence as in the UDB (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). +"he is a greedy eater" or "he continually eats too much food" -## wisdom is justified ## +# a drunkard -This expression, where wisdom is personified, is not used here in the sense that wisdom is put right before God but in the sense that wisdom is proved right (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]). +"a drunk" or "he continually drinks too much alcohol" -## her deeds ## +# But wisdom is justified by her deeds -The pronoun "her" refers to the personified wisdom. \ No newline at end of file +This is a proverb that Jesus applies to this situation, because the people who rejected both him and John were not being wise. Jesus and John the Baptist are the wise ones, and the results of their deeds prove it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# wisdom is justified by her deeds + +Here "wisdom" is described as a woman who is proven to be right by what she does. Jesus means that the results of a person's actions prove that he is truly wise. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The results of a person's deeds prove that he is wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/20.md b/mat/11/20.md index 1d8d799dc1..72ad63626f 100644 --- a/mat/11/20.md +++ b/mat/11/20.md @@ -1,53 +1,59 @@ -Jesus begins speaking against the people of the cities where he previously did miracles. +# General Information: -## rebuke the cities ## +Jesus begins to rebuke the people of the cities where he previously did miracles. -Jesus is here using a metonymy, accusing the people of these cities of doing wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# rebuke the cities -## cities ## +Here "the cities" refers to the people who live there. AT: "rebuke the people of the cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cities "towns" -## in which most of his great deeds were done ## +# in which most of his mighty deeds were done -This can be translated with an active verb: "in which he did most of his great deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). +This can be translated in active form. AT: "in which he did most of his mighty deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## mighty deeds ## +# mighty deeds -This can be translated "mighty works" or "works of power" or "miracles" (UDB). +"mighty works" or "works of power" or "miracles" -## because they had not repented ## - -The pronoun "they" refers to the people in the cities that had not repented. - -## Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! ## +# Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! Jesus speaks as if the people of the cities of Chorazin and Bethsaida were there listening to him, but they were not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## Chorazin...Bethsaida...Tyre...Sidon ## +# Woe to you -The names of these cities are used as metonymy for the people living in these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"How terrible it will be for you!" Here "you" is singular and refers to the city. If it is more natural to refer to the people instead of a city, you could translate with a plural "you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## If the mighty deeds had been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you ## +# Chorazin ... Bethsaida ... Tyre ... Sidon -This can be translated with active forms: "If I did the mighty deeds in Tyre and Sidon that I did in you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). +The names of these cities are used as metonyms for the people living in these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Woe to you ## +# If the mighty deeds ... in sackcloth and ashes -The pronoun "you" here is singular. +Jesus is describing a hypothetical situation that could have happened in the past, but it did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## they would have repented long ago ## +# If the mighty deeds had been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you + +This can be translated with active forms. AT: "If I had done the mighty deeds among the people of Tyre and Sidon that I have done among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# which were done in you ... than for you + +Here the "you" is plural and refers to Chorazin and Bethsaida. If it is more natural for your language, you could use a dual "you" to refer to the two cities, or a plural "you" to refer to the people of the cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# they would have repented long The pronoun "they" refers to the people of Tyre and Sidon. -## repented ## +# repented "shown they were sorry for their sins" -## it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the day of judgment than for you ## +# it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the day of judgment than for you -"God will show more mercy to Tyre and Sidon in the day of judgment than to you" or "God will punish you more severely at the day of judgment than the people of Tyre and Sidon" (see UDB). The implied information is “because you did not repent and believe in me, even though you saw me do miracles.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "Tyre and Sidon" refers to the people who live there. AT: "God will show more mercy to the people of Tyre and Sidon in the day of judgment than to you" or "God will punish you more severely at the day of judgment than the people of Tyre and Sidon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## than for you ## +# than for you -The pronoun "you" is singular and refers to Chorazin or Bethsaida. \ No newline at end of file +The implied information can be made explicit. AT "than for you, because you did not repent and believe in me, even though you saw me do miracles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/23.md b/mat/11/23.md index 1f9706d1a8..9cec0878f8 100644 --- a/mat/11/23.md +++ b/mat/11/23.md @@ -1,37 +1,51 @@ -Jesus continues speaking against the people of the cities where he previously did miracles. +# Connecting Statement: -## You, Capernaum ## +Jesus continues to rebuke the people of the cities where he previously did miracles. -Jesus now speaks to the people in the city of Capernaum as if they were listening to him, but they were not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) The pronoun "you" is singular and refers to Capernaum throughout these two verses. +# You, Capernaum -## Capernaum...Sodom ## +Jesus now speaks to the people in the city of Capernaum as if they were listening to him, but they were not. The pronoun "you" is singular and refers to Capernaum throughout these two verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -The names of these cities are used as metonymies for the people living in Capernaum and in Sodom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# You -## do you think you will be exalted to heaven? ## +All occurrences of "you" are singular. If it is more natural to refer to the people of the city, you could translate with a plural "you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -This is a rhetorical question in which Jesus rebukes the people of Capernaum for their pride. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) It can be translated with the active form: “will you go up to heaven?” or “do you think that God will honor you?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Capernaum ... Sodom -## will be exalted ## +The names of these cities refer to the people living in Capernaum and in Sodom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -“will be honored.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# do you think you will be exalted to heaven? -## you will be brought down to hades ## +"do you think you will be raised up to heaven?" Jesus uses a rhetorical question to rebuke the people of Capernaum for their pride. It can be stated in active form: AT: "you cannot raise yourself up to heaven!" or "the praise of other people will not raise you up to heaven!" or "God will not bring you up to heaven like you think he will!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "God will bring you down to hades." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# you will be brought down to Hades -## if in Sodom there had been done the great deeds that were done in you ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will send you down to Hades" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "if in Sodom I did the great deeds that I did in you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# For if in Sodom ... it would still have remained until today -## mighty deeds ## +Jesus is describing a hypothetical situation that could have happened in the past, but it did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -"mighty works" or "works of power" or "miracles" (UDB) +# if in Sodom there had been done the mighty deeds that were done in -## it would still have remained ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if I had done the mighty deeds among the people of Sodom that I have done among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# mighty deeds + +"mighty works" or "works of power" or "miracles" + +# it would still have remained The pronoun "it" refers to the city of Sodom. -## it shall be easier for the land of Sodom in the day of judgment than for you ## +# I say to you -This can be translated “God will show more mercy to the land of Sodom in the day of judgment than to you” or “God will punish you more severely at the day of judgment than the people of Sodom” (see UDB). The implied information is “because you did not repent and believe in me, even though you saw me do miracles.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# it shall be easier for the land of Sodom in the day of judgment than for you + +Here "land of Sodom" refer to the people who lived there. AT: "God will show more mercy to the people of Sodom in the day of judgment than to you" or "God will punish you more severely in the day of judgment than the people of Sodom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# than for you + +The implicit information can be made explicit. AT: "than for you, because you did not repent and believe in me, even though you saw me do miracles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/25.md b/mat/11/25.md index b2015868f3..fa1440f340 100644 --- a/mat/11/25.md +++ b/mat/11/25.md @@ -1,73 +1,75 @@ -Jesus prays to his heavenly Father while still in the presence of the crowd of people. +# General Information: -## Jesus answered and said ## +In verses 25 and 26, Jesus prays to his heavenly Father while still in the presence of the crowd. In verse 27, he begins to address the people again. -This can mean 1) the disciples Jesus had sent out in [Matthew 10:5](../10/05.md) had returned (see [Matthew 12:1](../12/01.md)) and Jesus was responding to something someone had said, or 2) Jesus was concluding his condemnation of the unrepentant cities: "Furthermore, Jesus said." +# Father -## O Father ## +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -This refers to God the Father, not an earthly father. +# Lord of heaven and earth -## Lord of heaven and earth ## +"Lord who rules over heaven and earth." The phrase "heaven and earth" is a merism that refers to all people and things in the universe. AT: "Lord who rules over the whole universe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -This can be translated as a metonym, “Master over everyone and everything in heaven and earth,” or as a merism, "Master of the universe." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +# you concealed these things ... and revealed them -## you concealed these things from the wise and understanding, and revealed them to those who are untaught, like little children ## +It is not clear what is meant by "these things." If your language needs to specify what is meant, an alternative translation might be best. AT: "you concealed these truths ... and revealed them" -It is not clear what is meant by "these things." If your language needs to specify what is meant, an alternative translation might be best: "You have revealed to ignorant people truths that you have not allowed wise and educated people to learn." +# you concealed these things from -## concealed ## +"you hid these things from" or "you have not made these things known to." This verb is the opposite of "revealed." -"hid" - This verb is the opposite of "revealed." +# from the wise and understanding -## the wise and understanding ## +These nominal adjectives can be translated as adjectives. AT: "from people who are wise and understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -“people who are wise and understanding.” Alternative translation: "people who think they are wise and understanding.” (See UDB, [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +# the wise and understanding -## revealed them ## +Jesus is using irony. He does not think these people are really wise. AT: "people who think they are wise and understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -The pronoun "them" refers to "these things" earlier in this verse. +# revealed them -## to those who are untaught, like little children ## +"made them known." The pronoun "them" refers to "these things" earlier in this verse. -This whole phrase translates one word that combines the meanings of "young children" and "untaught" or "ignorant." Alternative translation: "ignorant little children" +# to those who are untaught -## like little children ## +"to those who are ignorant" -a simile for people who are not wise or well-educated, or people who know that they are not wise and well-educated (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# like little children -## for so it was well-pleasing in your sight ## +Jesus compares an ignorant person to a little child. Jesus is emphasizing that many of those who believe him are not well educated or think of themselves as wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -pleasing in your sight** - “for you saw that it was good to do that” +# for so it was well-pleasing in your sight -## All things have been entrusted to me from my Father ## +The phrase "in your sight" is a metonym that stands for how a person considers something. AT: "for you considered it good to do this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This can be translated with an active verb: "My Father has entrusted all things to me" or “My Father has handed everything over to me.”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# All things have been entrusted to me from my Father -## no one knows the Son except the Father ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My Father has entrusted all things to me" or "My Father has given everything over to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -“Only the Father knows the Son.” +# All things -## knows the Son ## +Possible meanings are 1) God the Father has revealed everything about himself and his kingdom to Jesus or 2) God has given all authority to Jesus. -“knows from personal experience" +# my Father -## the Son ## +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# no one knows the Son except the Father + +"only the Father knows the Son" + +# no one knows + +Both times Jesus uses this phrase, the word "knows" means more than just knowing the person. It means knowing the person intimately because they have a special relationship. + +# the Son Jesus was referring to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## no one knows the Father except the Son ## +# Son -“Only the Son knows the Father.” +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## knows the Father ## +# no one knows the Father except the Son -"knows from personal experience" - -## and anyone to whom the Son desires to reveal him ## - -Alternative translation: “people know who the Father is only if the Son wants to reveal the Father to them” - -## to whom the Son desires to reveal him ## - -The pronoun "him" refers to God the Father. \ No newline at end of file +"only the Son knows the Father" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/28.md b/mat/11/28.md index be8957dd0b..a9946ad135 100644 --- a/mat/11/28.md +++ b/mat/11/28.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd. -## who labor and are heavy burdened ## +# all you -This metaphor refers to the "yoke" of the Jewish law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +All occurrences of "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## I will give you rest ## +# who labor and are heavy burdened -"I will allow you to rest from your labor and burden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus is speaking about the people as if they are animals, which their masters have made to carry too much weight on their backs. This is a metaphor for all the laws and rules the Jewish leaders expect the people to obey. AT: "who labor under all the laws the religious leaders place on you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Take my yoke on you ## +# I will give you rest -The pronoun "you" in this verse refers to "all you who labor and are heavy burdened." This metaphor means "accept the tasks that I assign you" (see UDB) or "work together with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will allow you to rest from your labor and burden" -## my burden is light ## +# Take my yoke on you + +Jesus continues the metaphor. Jesus is inviting the people to become his disciples and follow him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am meek and lowly in heart + +Here "meek" and "lowly in heart" mean basically the same thing. Jesus combines them to emphasize that he will be much more kind than the religious leaders. AT: "I am gentle and humble" or "I am very gentle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# lowly in heart + +This is an idiom that means "humble." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will find rest for your souls + +Here "soul" refers to the entire person. AT: "you will find rest for yourselves" or "you will be able to rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# For my yoke is easy and my burden is light + +Both of these phrases mean the same thing. Jesus is emphasizing that it is easier to obey him than it is the Jewish law. AT: "For what I place on you, you will be able to carry because it is light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# my burden is light The word "light" here is the opposite of heavy, not the opposite of dark. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/11/intro.md b/mat/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..385fe3a0a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Matthew 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of [Matthew 11:10](./09.md), which is a quotation from the Old Testament, and [Matthew 11:17](./16.md). + +Some scholars believe that [Matthew 11:20](./20.md) begins a new stage in the ministry of Christ because of Israel's rejection of him. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Hidden revelation ##### + +After [Matthew 11:20](./20.md), Jesus begins to reveal information about himself and about the plans of God the Father, while hiding this information from those who reject him. (See: [Matthew 11:25](./25.md)) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The kingdom of heaven is near" ##### + +This phrase has great theological significance. Scholars often debate whether the "kingdom of heaven" was present at this time or still coming. English translations frequently use the phrase "at hand," but this can create difficulty in translating. Other translations use the phase "is coming near" and "has come near." + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/01.md b/mat/12/01.md index a7181cdebc..bdafebba69 100644 --- a/mat/12/01.md +++ b/mat/12/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Jesus defends his disciples when the Pharisees criticize them for picking grain to satisfy their hunger on the Sabbath. +# General Information: -## grainfields ## +This is the beginning of a new part of the story where the writer tells of growing opposition to Jesus' ministry. Here, the Pharisees criticize his disciples for picking grain on the Sabbath. -a place to plant grain. If wheat is unknown and "grain" is too general, "fields of the plant they made bread from." +# At that time -## pluck heads of grain and eat them...do what is unlawful to do on the Sabbath ## +This marks a new part of the story. AT: "A little later" -Plucking grain in others' fields and eating it was not considered stealing (see UDB). The question was whether one could do this otherwise lawful activity on the Sabbath. +# grainfields -## them ## +a place to plant grain. If wheat is unknown and "grain" is too general, then you can use "fields of the plant they made bread from." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -the heads of grain +# pluck heads of grain and eat them ... do what is unlawful to do on the Sabbath -## heads of grain ## +Picking grain in others' fields and eating it was not considered stealing. The question was whether one could do this otherwise lawful activity on the Sabbath. -This is the topmost part of the wheat plant, which is a kind of large grass. It holds the mature grain or seeds of the plant. +# to pluck heads of grain and eat them -## See ## +"to pick some of the wheat and eat it" or "to pick some of the grain and eat it" -Alternative translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” \ No newline at end of file +# heads of grain + +This is the topmost part of the wheat plant. It holds the mature grain or seeds of the plant. + +# the Pharisees + +This does not mean all of the Pharisees. AT: "some Pharisees" + +# See + +"Look." The Pharisees use this word to draw attention to what the disciples are doing. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/03.md b/mat/12/03.md index 54e6de6c0e..5e23f577dd 100644 --- a/mat/12/03.md +++ b/mat/12/03.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to defend his disciples when the Pharisees criticize them for picking grain to eat on the Sabbath. +# Connecting Statement: -## them...you ## +Jesus responds to the Pharisees' criticism. -the Pharisees +# to them -## Have you never read ## +"to the Pharisees" -Jesus is mildly rebuking the Pharisees for not learning from what they read. Alternate translation: “You should learn from what you have read about.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Have you never read ... with him? -## he...him ## +Jesus uses a question to respond to the criticism of the Pharisees. Jesus is challenging them to think about the meaning of the scriptures they have read. AT: "I know you have read about ... with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -David +# the house of God -## bread of the presence ## +During the time of David there was no temple yet. AT: "the tabernacle" or "the place for worshiping God" -bread that was given to God and on display before him (UBD) +# bread of the presence -## those who were with him ## +This is sacred bread that priests placed before God in the tabernacle. AT: "bread that the priest placed before God" or "the sacred bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# those who were with him "the men who were with David" -## lawful only for the priests ## +# but lawful only for the priests -"only priests were permitted to eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"but, according to the law, only the priest could eat it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/05.md b/mat/12/05.md index 3d2f1c1356..5fbef626a5 100644 --- a/mat/12/05.md +++ b/mat/12/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to defend his disciples when the Pharisees criticize them for picking grain to eat on the Sabbath. +# Connecting Statement: -## you...you ## +Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees. -the Pharisees +# Have you not read in the law ... but are guiltless? -## have you not read in the law ## +Jesus uses a question to respond to the criticism of the Pharisees. Jesus is challenging them to think about the meaning of what they have read in the scriptures. AT: "And, you have read in the law of Moses ... but are guiltless" -"You have read the law, so you know that it says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## profane the Sabbath ## +# profane the Sabbath "do on the Sabbath what they would do on any other day" -## are guiltless ## +# are guiltless -"God is not going to punish them" +"God will not punish them" or "God does not consider them guilty" -## one greater than the temple ## +# I say to you -"someone who is more important than the temple." Jesus was referring to himself as the one greater. \ No newline at end of file +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# one greater than the temple + +"someone who is more important than the temple." Jesus was referring to himself as the one greater. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/07.md b/mat/12/07.md index 5d6908ef5f..3c241b6102 100644 --- a/mat/12/07.md +++ b/mat/12/07.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to defend his disciples when the Pharisees criticize them for picking grain to eat on the Sabbath. +# Connecting Statement: -## If you had known ## +Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees. -"You do not know" +# General Information: -## you...you ## +In verse 7, Jesus quotes the prophet Hosea to rebuke the Pharisees. -the Pharisees +# If you had known what this meant, 'I desire mercy and not sacrifice,' you would not have condemned the guiltless -## I desire mercy and not sacrifice ## +Here Jesus quotes scripture. AT: "The prophet Hosea wrote this long ago: 'I desire mercy and not sacrifice.' If you had understood what this meant, you would not have condemned the guiltless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Sacrifices are good, but mercy is better. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# I desire mercy and not sacrifice -## what this meant ## +In the law of Moses, God did command the Israelites to offer sacrifices. This means God considers mercy more important than the sacrifices. -"what God said in the scripture" +# I desire -## I desire ## +The pronoun "I" refers to God. -The pronoun "I" refers to God. \ No newline at end of file +# the guiltless + +This can be translated as an adjective. AT: "those who are not guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Son of Man + +Jesus is referring to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# is Lord of the Sabbath + +"rules over the Sabbath" or "makes the laws about what people can do on the Sabbath" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/09.md b/mat/12/09.md index 1c329cefe6..557b64b62b 100644 --- a/mat/12/09.md +++ b/mat/12/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -Jesus responds to the Pharisees who criticized him for healing a man on the Sabbath. +# General Information: -## Then Jesus left from there ## +Here the scene shifts to a later time when the Pharisees criticize Jesus for healing a man on the Sabbath. -"Jesus left the grainfields" +# Then Jesus left from there -## their ## +"Jesus left the grainfields" or "Then Jesus left" -the synagogue of the Pharisees to whom he was talking +# their synagogue -## Behold ## +"a synagogue." Here "their" refers to the Jews in general not just the Pharisees from the previous section. -The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. +# Behold -## a dried up hand ## +The word "Behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -"shriveled" or "bent into a fist" \ No newline at end of file +# a man who had a withered hand + +"a man who had a paralyzed hand" or "a man with a crippled hand" + +# The Pharisees asked Jesus, saying, "Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?" so that they might accuse him of sinning + +"The Pharisees wanted to accuse Jesus of sinning, so they asked him, 'Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?'" + +# Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath? + +"According to the law of Moses, may a person heal another person on the Sabbath?" + +# so that they might accuse him of sinning + +They did not just want to accuse Jesus in front of the people. The Pharisees wanted Jesus to give an answer that contradicted the law of Moses so they could take him before a judge and legally charge him with breaking the law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/11.md b/mat/12/11.md index 8e9f2bf78f..5ddf864319 100644 --- a/mat/12/11.md +++ b/mat/12/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees who criticized him for healing a man on the Sabbath. +# Connecting Statement: -## What man would there be among you, who,...would not grasp...and lift it out? ## +Jesus responds to the Pharisees' criticism. -Alternate translation: "Every one of you...would grasp and lift it out." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# What man would there be among you, who, if he had just one sheep ... would not grasp hold of it and lift it out? -## them...you ## +Jesus uses a question to respond to the Pharisees. He is challenging them to think about what kind of work they do on the Sabbath. AT: "Every one of you, if you only had one sheep ... would grab the sheep and lift it out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -the Pharisees +# How much more valuable, then, is a man than a sheep! -## if he had ## +The phrase "how much more" adds emphasis to the statement. AT: "Obviously, a man is much more valuable than a sheep!" or "Just think about how much more important a man is than a sheep" -"if that man had" +# it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath -## lift it out ## - -"lift the sheep out of the hole" - -## it is lawful to do good ## - -"those who do good are not disobeying the law" or "those who do good are obeying the law" \ No newline at end of file +"those who do good on the Sabbath are obeying the law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/13.md b/mat/12/13.md index 650a74ec5a..771ec90e60 100644 --- a/mat/12/13.md +++ b/mat/12/13.md @@ -1,33 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees who criticized him for healing a man on the Sabbath. +# Then Jesus said to the man, "Stretch out your hand." -## the man ## +This can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Then Jesus commanded the man to stretch out his hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -the man with the dried up hand +# to the man -## Stretch out your hand ## +"to the man with the paralyzed hand" or "to the man with the crippled hand" -“Hold out your hand” or “Extend your hand.” +# Stretch out your hand -## He ## +"Hold out your hand" or "Extend your hand" -the man +# He stretched -## it...it ## +"The man stretched" -the man's hand +# it was restored to health -## restored to health ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it was healthy again" or "it became well again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"fully healed" or "healthy again" +# plotted against him -## plotted against ## +"planned to harm Jesus" -"planned to harm" +# were seeking how they might put him to death -## seeking how they might ## - -"looking for ways to" - -## put him to death ## - -put Jesus to death \ No newline at end of file +"were discussing how they might kill Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/15.md b/mat/12/15.md index 46c72ac980..904adf79fb 100644 --- a/mat/12/15.md +++ b/mat/12/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + This account explains how the actions of Jesus fulfilled one of the prophecies of Isaiah. -## this ## +# As Jesus perceived this, he -"that the Pharisees were planning to kill him". +"Jesus was aware of what the Pharisees were planning, so he" -## withdrew from ## +# withdrew from -"left" +"departed from" or "left" -## not to make him known to others ## +# not to make him known to others "not to tell anyone else about him" -## what had been said through Isaiah the prophet, saying ## +# that it might come true, what -"what God had said through what Isaiah the prophet had written" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "This fulfilled what" + +# what had been said through Isaiah the prophet, saying + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what God had said long ago through the prophet Isaiah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/18.md b/mat/12/18.md index 237104efd9..9a6b05167a 100644 --- a/mat/12/18.md +++ b/mat/12/18.md @@ -1 +1,23 @@ -This account continues to explain how the actions of Jesus fulfilled one of the prophecies of Isaiah. These words are God's words that Isaiah wrote down. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Here Matthew quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus' ministry fulfilled scripture. + +# See + +"Look." God used this word to introduce a new person. + +# my ... I + +All occurrences of these words refer to God. Isaiah is quoting what God said to him. + +# in whom my soul is well pleased + +Here "soul" refers to the whole person. AT: "and I am very pleased with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he will + +"my servant will" + +# announce judgment + +Here "judgment" does not mean "punishment." It means the servant will tell the Gentiles that God is just, and he will save them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/19.md b/mat/12/19.md index 59388db77b..7603376df2 100644 --- a/mat/12/19.md +++ b/mat/12/19.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -This account continues to explain how the actions of Jesus fulfilled one of the prophecies of Isaiah. These words are God's words that Isaiah wrote down. +# Connecting Statement: -## He will not break any bruised reed ## +Matthew continues to quote the prophet Isaiah. -"he will not beat down weak people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# neither will anyone hear his voice in -## bruised ## +Here "voice" refers to the whole person. AT: "And he will not speak loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -"partially broken or damaged" +# his ... He -## smoking flax ## +All occurrences of these words refer to God's chosen servant. -a lamp wick after the flame has been blown out, representing people who are helpless or doomed (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# in the streets -## Until ## +This is an idiom that means "publicly." AT: "in the cities and towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -This can be translated with a new sentence: "This is what he will do until " +# He will not break any bruised reed; he will not quench any smoking flax -## he sends forth judgment to victory ## +Both of these statements mean the same thing. They are metaphors emphasizing that God's servant will be gentle and kind. Both "bruised reed" and "smoking flax" represent weak and hurting people. If the metaphor is confusing, you could translate the literal meaning. AT: "He will be kind to weak people, and he will be gentle to those who are hurting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"he convinces people that I am just" +# bruised reed -## in his name ## +"damaged plant" -AT: "in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# he will not quench + +"he will not put out" + +# smoking flax + +This refers to a lamp wick after the flame has gone out and when it is only smoking. + +# flax, until + +This can be translated with a new sentence: "flax. This is what he will do until" + +# he leads justice to victory + +"until he succeeds in bringing my justice and salvation to the people." The abstract noun "justice" can be translated as "just." The abstract noun "victory" can be stated as "save." AT: "the people know that I am just, and I will save them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in his name + +Here "name" refers to the whole person. AT: "in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/22.md b/mat/12/22.md index 7dcf0969c6..53419c9021 100644 --- a/mat/12/22.md +++ b/mat/12/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -This begins an account of the Pharisees saying that it was by the power of Satan that Jesus healed a man. +# General Information: -## someone blind and mute ## +Here the scene shifts to a later time when the Pharisees accuse Jesus of healing a man by the power of Satan. -"someone who could not see and could not talk". +# Then someone blind and mute, possessed by a demon, was brought to Jesus -## All the crowds were amazed ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then someone brought to Jesus a man who was blind and mute because a demon was controlling him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"All the people who had seen Jesus heal the man were greatly surprised" \ No newline at end of file +# someone blind and mute + +"someone who could not see and could not talk" + +# All the crowds were amazed + +"All the people who had seen Jesus heal the man were greatly surprised" + +# the Son of David + +This is a title for the Christ or Messiah. + +# Son of + +Here this means "descendant of." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/24.md b/mat/12/24.md index 96e26d1271..efdf535cdf 100644 --- a/mat/12/24.md +++ b/mat/12/24.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -This continues an account of the Pharisees saying that it was by the power of Satan that Jesus healed a man. +# General Information: -## this miracle ## +In verse 25, Jesus begins to respond to the Pharisees' accusation that he healed the man by the power of Satan. -the miracle of the healing of a blind, deaf, and demon-possessed man. +# this miracle -## This man does not cast out demons except by Beelzebub ## +This refers to the miracle of the healing of a blind, deaf, and demon-possessed man. -"This man is only able to cast out the demon because he is a servant of Beelzebub" +# This man does not cast out demons except by Beelzebul -## This man ## +This can be stated in a positive form. "This man is only able to cast out the demon because he is a servant of Beelzebul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -The Pharisees avoid calling Jesus by name to show that they reject him. +# This man -## their...them ## +The Pharisees avoid calling Jesus by name to show they reject him. -the Pharisees \ No newline at end of file +# the prince of the demons + +"the chief of the demons" + +# Every kingdom divided against itself is made desolate, and every city or house divided against itself will not stand + +Jesus uses a proverb to respond to the Pharisees. Both of these statements mean the same thing. They emphasize that it would not make sense for Beelzebul to use his power to fight other demons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Every kingdom divided against itself is made desolate + +Here "kingdom" refers to those who live in the kingdom. This can be translated in active form. AT: "A kingdom will not last when its people fight among themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every city or house divided against itself will not stand + +Here "city" refers to the people who live there. And, "house" refers to a family. AT: "it ruins a city or a family when the people fight each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/26.md b/mat/12/26.md index b331ff7570..2247169dd3 100644 --- a/mat/12/26.md +++ b/mat/12/26.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -This continues an account of the Pharisees saying that it was by the power of Satan that Jesus healed a man. +# Connecting Statement: -## If Satan drives out Satan ## +Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees' accusation that he healed the man by the power of Satan. -"If Satan works against his own kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# If Satan drives out Satan -## how will his kingdom stand ## +The second use of Satan refers to the demons that serve Satan. AT: "If Satan works against his own demons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -“Satan's kingdom cannot stand,” or “Satan's kingdom will fall apart.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Satan ... Beelzebul -## drive out ## +Both names refer to the same person. -"force out" or "cast out" or "throw out" or "put out" +# How then will his kingdom stand? -## by whom do your followers drive them out ## +Jesus uses a question to challenge the Pharisees. AT: "Satan's kingdom cannot stand!" or "Satan's kingdom will not last!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Alternate translation: "it must also be the power of Beelzebul that enables your followers to drive out demons" (or see UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# by whom do your sons drive them out? -## they will be your judges ## +Jesus uses another question to challenge the Pharisees. AT: "then you must say your followers also drive out demons by the power of Beelzebul. But, you know this is not true." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Alternate translation: “your followers who cast out demons by God's power will judge you for saying that I cast out demons by Beelzebul's power.” \ No newline at end of file +# your sons + +Jesus was speaking to the Pharisees. The phrase "your sons" refers to their followers. This was a common way of referring to those who follow teachers or leaders. AT: "your followers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For this reason they will be your judges + +"Because your followers cast out demons by the power of God, they prove that you are wrong about me." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/28.md b/mat/12/28.md index 948da4c13c..f3972e599c 100644 --- a/mat/12/28.md +++ b/mat/12/28.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -This continues an account of the Pharisees saying that it was by the power of Satan that Jesus healed a man. +# Connecting Statement: -## upon you ## +Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees. -upon the Pharisees +# But if I -## without tying up the strong man first ## +Here "if" does not mean Jesus is questioning how he drives out demons. Here Jesus uses the word to introduce a true statement. AT: "But, because I" + +# then the kingdom of God has come upon you + +"then the kingdom of God has arrived among you." Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "this means God is establishing his rule among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# come upon you + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# How can anyone enter the house ... belongings from his house + +Jesus uses a parable to continue his response to the Pharisees. Jesus means he can drive out demons because he is more powerful than Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# How can anyone enter ... without tying up the strong man first? + +Jesus uses a question to teach the Pharisees and the crowd. AT: "No one can enter ... without tying up the strong man first." or "If a person wants to enter ... he must first tie up the strong man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# without tying up the strong man first "without taking control of the strong man first" -## who is not with me ## +# Then he will steal -“who does not support me” or “who does not work with me” +"The he can steal" or "Then he will be able to steal" -## is against me ## +# who is not with me -“works against me” or "destroys my work" +"who does not support me" or "who does not work with me" -## gather ## +# is against me -This is the common term for harvesting crops. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"opposes me" or "works against me" + +# the one who does not gather with me scatters + +Jesus is using a metaphor that refers to a person either gathering the flock of sheep to a shepherd or making them scatter away from the shepherd. Jesus means that a person is either helping to make people become disciples of Jesus or he is making people reject Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/31.md b/mat/12/31.md index bd8a378f58..f3f112e9f7 100644 --- a/mat/12/31.md +++ b/mat/12/31.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -This continues an account of the Pharisees saying that it was by the power of Satan that Jesus healed a man. +# Connecting Statement: -## to you ## +Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees. -to the Pharisees +# I say to you -## every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven to men ## +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -"God will forgive every sin and blasphemy men commit" or "God will forgive every person who sins or blasphemes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# say to you -## blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven ## +Here "you" is plural. Jesus is speaking directly to the Pharisees, but he is also teaching the crowd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"God will not forgive blasphemy against the Spirit" +# every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men -## And whoever speaks any word against the Son of Man, that will be forgiven him ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will forgive every sin that people commit and every evil thing they say" or "God will forgive every person who sins or says evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"God will forgive any word spoken against the Son of Man" +# blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven -## this world...that which is to come ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not forgive the person who speaks evil things about the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Alternate translation: "this time...that time which is coming." \ No newline at end of file +# Whoever speaks any word against the Son of Man + +Here "word" refers to what someone says. AT: "If a person says anything bad about the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# that will be forgiven him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will forgive a person for that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that will not be forgiven him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not forgive that person" + +# neither in this world, nor in that which is to come + +Here "this world" and "that which is to come" refer to the present life and the next life. AT: "in this life or in the next life" or "now or ever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/33.md b/mat/12/33.md index d31f747a97..44f4ad48eb 100644 --- a/mat/12/33.md +++ b/mat/12/33.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -This continues an account of the Pharisees saying that it was by the power of Satan that Jesus healed a man. +# Connecting Statement: -## Either make a tree good and its fruit good, or make the tree corrupt and its fruit corrupt ## +Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees. -"Decide that either the fruit is good and so the tree is good, or the fruit is corrupt and so the tree is corrupt" +# Make a tree good and its fruit good, or make the tree bad and its fruit bad -## good...corrupt ## +Possible meanings are 1) "If you make a tree good, its fruit will be good, and if you make the tree bad, its fruit will be bad" or 2) "If you consider a tree to be good, it will be because its fruit is good, and if you consider it tree to be bad, it will be because its fruit is bad." This was a proverb. People were to apply its truth to how they can know whether a person is good or bad. -This can mean 1) "healthy...unhealthy" or 2) "edible...inedible." +# good ... bad -## a tree is known by its fruit ## +"healthy ... diseased" -This can mean 1) "people know whether a tree is healthy or not by looking at its fruit" or 2) "people know what species a tree is by looking at its fruit." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# a tree is recognized by its fruit -## You...you ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people know whether a tree is good or bad by looking at its fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -the Pharisees +# You offspring of vipers -## out of the content of the heart the mouth speaks ## +Here "offspring" means "having the characteristic of." Vipers are poisonous snakes that are dangerous and represent evil. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Matthew 3:7](../03/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"a person can only say what is in his heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# You ... you -## good treasure...evil treasure ## +These are plural and refer to the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"righteous thoughts...evil thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# how can you say good things? + +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the Pharisees. AT: "you cannot say good things." or "you can only say evil things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks + +Here "abundance of the heart" refers to the thoughts in a person's mind. The "mouth" represents a person here. AT: "what a person says with his mouth reveals what is in his mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The good man from the good treasure of his heart produces what is good, and the evil man from the evil treasure of his heart produces what is evil + +Jesus speaks about the "heart" as if it is a container that a person fills with good or evil things. This is a metaphor that means what a person says reveals what the person is truly like. If you want to keep this imagery see the UDB. You can also translate the literal meaning. AT: "A man who is truly good will speak good things, and the man who is truly evil will speak evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/36.md b/mat/12/36.md index 9057719ecd..67f8f72f0b 100644 --- a/mat/12/36.md +++ b/mat/12/36.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -This continues an account of the Pharisees saying that it was by the power of Satan that Jesus healed a man. +# Connecting Statement: -## you...your ## +Jesus concludes his response to the Pharisees' accusation that he healed the man by the power of Satan. -the Pharisees +# I say to you -## people will give an account for ## +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -"God will ask them about" or "God will judge the value of" +# people will give an account for -## idle ## +"God will ask people about" or "people will have to explain to God" -"useless." Alternate translation: "harmful" (see UDB). +# every idle word they will have said -## they ## +Here "word" refers to something that someone says. AT: "every harmful thing they will have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"people" +# you will be justified ... you will be condemned -## you will be justified...you will be condemned ## - -"God will justify you...God will condemn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will justify you ... God will condemn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/38.md b/mat/12/38.md index 4979b0c95b..46bb90bd3f 100644 --- a/mat/12/38.md +++ b/mat/12/38.md @@ -1,21 +1,47 @@ -Jesus rebukes the unbelieving scribes and Pharisees because they demanded that he perform a sign after he had healed the blind, demon possessed man. +# Connecting Statement: -## wish ## +The dialogue in these verses happens immediately after Jesus responded to the Pharisees' accusation that he healed a man by the power of Satan. + +# General Information: + +In verse 39, Jesus begins to rebuke the scribes and Pharisees. + +# wish "want" -## evil and adulterous generation ## +# to see a sign from you -People living at this time loved doing evil and were unfaithful to God. +You can make explicit why they want to see a sign. AT: "to see a sign from you that proves what you say is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## no sign will be given to it ## +# An evil and adulterous generation seeks for a sign ... given to it -“God will not give a sign to this evil and adulterous generation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Jesus is speaking to his present generation. AT: "You are an evil and adulterous generation who demands signs from me ... given to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## the sign of Jonah ## +# adulterous generation -This could be translated as “what happened to Jonah” or “the miracle that God did for Jonah” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "adulterous" is a metaphor for people who are not faithful to God. AT: "unfaithful generation" or "godless generation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the heart of the earth ## +# seeks for a sign -inside a physical grave (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This request angers Jesus because of the religious leaders skeptical attitude about Jesus. He had already performed many miracles, but they still did not believe him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# no sign will be given + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not give a sign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# except the sign of Jonah the prophet + +"except the same sign God gave to Jonah the prophet" + +# three days and three nights + +Here "day" and "night" mean complete 24-hour periods. AT: "three complete days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# in the heart of the earth + +This means inside a physical grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/41.md b/mat/12/41.md index 034c53c675..9e47f0c276 100644 --- a/mat/12/41.md +++ b/mat/12/41.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to rebuke the unbelieving scribes and Pharisees because they demanded that he perform a sign after he had healed the blind, demon possessed man. +# Connecting Statement: -## The men of Nineveh will stand up…with this generation…and will condemn it ## +Jesus continues to rebuke the scribes and Pharisees. -Alternate translations: "The people of Nineveh will accuse this generation…and God will hear their accusation and condemn you" or "God will judge both the men of Nineveh…and this generation guilty of sin, but because they repented and you did not, he will condemn only you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# The men of Nineveh -## this generation ## +"The citizens of Nineveh" -the people living during the time Jesus was preaching (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# will stand up at the judgment with this generation -## someone greater ## +"will stand up on the judgment day and accuse this generation" -"someone more important" \ No newline at end of file +# this generation + +Jesus means the people living during his time. + +# will condemn it + +It will actually be God who condemns Jesus' generation. AT: "God will listen to the citizens of Nineveh and condemn this generation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# and see + +"and look." This emphasizes what Jesus says next. + +# someone greater + +"someone more important" + +# someone + +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# than Jonah is here + +You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Jesus' statement. AT: "than Jonah is here, yet you still have not repented, which is why God will condemn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/42.md b/mat/12/42.md index 28c769665f..ad4c4c6578 100644 --- a/mat/12/42.md +++ b/mat/12/42.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -Jesus continues to rebuke the unbelieving scribes and Pharisees because they demanded that he perform a sign. +# Connecting Statement: -## The Queen of the South will rise up...with the men of this generation and condemn it ## +Jesus continues to rebuke the scribes and Pharisees. -Alternate translations: "The Queen of the South will accuse this generation...and God will hear her accusation and condemn you" or "God will judge both the Queen of the South...and this generation guilty of sin, but because she came to listen to King Solomon and you did not listen to me, he will condemn only you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# Queen of the South -## Queen of the South ## +This refers to the Queen of Sheba. Sheba is a land south of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This refers to the Queen of Sheba, a Gentile kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# will rise up at the judgment with the men of this generation -## she came from the ends of the earth ## +"will stand up on the judgment day and accuse the men of this generation." See how you translated a similar statement in [Matthew 12:41](./41.md). -“she came from very far away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# this generation -## this generation ## +This means the people living during the time Jesus was preaching. -the people living during the time Jesus was preaching (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# condemn it -## someone greater ## +It will actually be God who condemns Jesus' generation. See how you translated a similar statement in [Matthew 12:41](./41.md). AT: "and God will listen to the citizens of Nineveh and condemn this generation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"someone more important" \ No newline at end of file +# She came from the ends of the earth + +Here "ends of the earth" is an idiom that means "far away." AT: "She came from very far away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# She came + +This statement explains why the Queen of the South will condemn Jesus' generations. AT: "For she came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# and see + +"and look." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# someone greater + +"someone more important" + +# someone + +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# than Solomon is here + +You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Jesus' statement. AT: "than Solomon is here, yet you do not listen. That is why God will condemn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/43.md b/mat/12/43.md index 7b5b2d218c..a4cdde248c 100644 --- a/mat/12/43.md +++ b/mat/12/43.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to rebuke the unbelieving scribes and Pharisees because they demanded that he perform a sign. +# Connecting Statement: -## waterless places ## +Jesus continues to rebuke the scribes and Pharisees. -"dry places" or “places where no people live” (see UDB) +# When an unclean spirit ... with this evil generation -## does not find it ## +Jesus tells a parable to warn the people of the danger of not believing him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -"does not find any rest” +# waterless places -## it says ## +"dry places" or "places where no people live" -"the unclean spirit says" +# does not find it -## it finds that house swept out and put in order ## +Here "it" refers to rest. -Alternate translation: “the unclean spirit finds someone has swept the house clean and has put everything in the house where it belongs.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Then it says, 'I will return to my house from which I came.' + +This can be translated as a statement rather than a quotation. AT: "So, the unclean spirit decides to return to the house from which it came" + +# to my house from which I came + +This is a metaphor for the person in whom the unclean spirit was living. AT: "to the place I left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it finds that house swept out and put in order + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the unclean spirit finds that someone has swept the house clean and has put everything in the house where it belongs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that house swept out and put in order + +Again, "house" is a metaphor for the person in whom the unclean spirit was living. Here, "swept out and put in order" suggests that no one is living in the house. Jesus means when an unclean spirit leaves a person, the person must invite the Holy Spirit to live in him or else the demon will come back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It will be just like that with this evil generation + +This means that if the people of Jesus' generation do not believe him and become his disciples, they will be in a worse situation than they were before he came. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/46.md b/mat/12/46.md index bae38d8a7d..f14aaec0dd 100644 --- a/mat/12/46.md +++ b/mat/12/46.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The arrival of Jesus' mother and brothers becomes an opportunity for him to describe his spiritual family. -## his mother ## +# behold -Jesus' human mother +The word "behold" alerts us to a new people in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## his brothers ## +# his mother -This can mean 1) brothers within the same nuclear or extended family (see UDB) or 2) close friends or associates within Israel. +This is Mary, Jesus' human mother. -## seeking ## +# his brothers -"wanting" \ No newline at end of file +These are probably other children born to Mary. But, it is possible they are Jesus' cousins. + +# seeking to speak + +"wanting to speak" + +# Someone said to him, "Look, your mother and your brothers stand outside, seeking to speak to you." + +This can be translated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Someone told Jesus that his mother and brothers were outside and wanted to speak to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/48.md b/mat/12/48.md index a8fe1bbe68..9e93a55519 100644 --- a/mat/12/48.md +++ b/mat/12/48.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -The arrival of Jesus' mother and brothers becomes an opportunity for him to describe his spiritual family. +# Connecting Statement: -## him who told him ## +This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 12:1](./01.md), where the writer tells of growing opposition to Jesus' ministry. -"the person who had told Jesus his mother and brothers were waiting to see him" +# who told him -## Who is my mother? And who are my brothers? ## +The details of the message the person told Jesus are understood and not repeated here. AT: "who told Jesus that his mother and brothers wanted to speak to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -Alternate translation: "I will tell you who is really my mother and brothers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Who is my mother and who are my brothers? -## whoever ## +Jesus uses these questions to teach the people. AT: "I will tell you who are really my mother and brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"anyone" \ No newline at end of file +# See + +"Look." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# here are my mother and my brothers + +This is a metaphor that means Jesus' disciples belong to Jesus' spiritual family. This is more important than belonging to his physical family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whoever + +"anyone" + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# that person is my brother, and sister, and mother + +This is a metaphor meaning that those who obey God belong to Jesus' spiritual family. This is more important than belonging to his physical family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/12/intro.md b/mat/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..586221f7be --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Matthew 12 General Notes # + +=##### Structure and Formatting ##### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 12:18-21, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The Sabbath ##### + +Obedience to the Sabbath is an important part of this chapter. However, Jesus distinguishes between following the Sabbath the way God commanded and following the rules the Pharisees created about the Sabbath. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) + +##### "Blasphemy against the Spirit" ##### + +There is a great deal of controversy regarding properly identifying this specific sin. However, it seems to involve insulting the Holy Spirit and his work. Since part of his work is to convince people that they are sinners and that they need God's forgiveness, anyone who mocked this truth would be unwilling to come in repentance to God. For this reason, he would not be forgiven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Brother and Sisters ##### +This chapter introduces the concept of "spiritual" brothers and sisters. Scripture uses these terms to refer to the relationship between fellow Israelites. Here, those who follow Jesus are now referred to as brothers and sisters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/brother]]) + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/01.md b/mat/13/01.md index 689d0f29f1..f48976ae24 100644 --- a/mat/13/01.md +++ b/mat/13/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -In this chapter, Jesus sat in a boat near the beach and told a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. +# General Information: -## On that day ## +This is the beginning of a new part of the story where Jesus begins to teach the crowds, using parables, about the kingdom of heaven. -These events happened on the same day as the previous chapter. +# On that day -## out of the house ## +These events happened on the same day as those in the previous chapter. + +# sat beside the sea + +It is implied that he sat down to teach the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# out of the house It is not mentioned at whose house Jesus was staying. -## got into a boat ## +# so he got into a boat -This was probably an open wooden fishing boat with a sail. \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that Jesus got into a boat because it would make it easier to teach the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a boat + +This was probably an open, wooden fishing boat with a sail. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/03.md b/mat/13/03.md index f1c32eebd3..458947d9bd 100644 --- a/mat/13/03.md +++ b/mat/13/03.md @@ -1,45 +1,47 @@ -Jesus tells a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. +# Connecting Statement: -## Jesus said many things to them in parables ## +Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about a person who sows seeds. + +# Jesus said many things to them in parables "Jesus told them many things in parables" -## to them ## +# to them -to the people in the crowd +"to the people in the crowd" -## Behold ## +# Behold -Alternate translations: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” +"Look" or "Listen." This word calls attention to what is to be said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## A sower went out to sow ## +# a farmer went out to sow seed -“A farmer went out to scatter some seeds in a field.” +"a farmer went out to scatter seeds in a field" -## As he sowed ## +# As he sowed -"As the sower sowed" +"As the farmer scattered the seed" -## beside the road ## +# beside the road -the “path” next to the field. The ground would have been hard from the people walking on it. +This refers to a "path" next to the field. The ground there would have been hard from people walking on it. -## devoured them ## +# devoured them "ate all the seeds" -## rocky ground ## +# rocky ground -shallow soil over rocks +This is ground full of rocks with just a thin layer of soil on top of the rocks. -## Immediately they sprang up ## +# Immediately they sprang up "The seeds quickly sprouted and grew" -## they were scorched ## +# they were scorched -"the sun scorched the plants and they became too hot" (See: Active or Passive) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sun scorched the plants, and they became too hot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they withered away ## +# they withered away -“the plants became dry and died” \ No newline at end of file +"the plants became dry and died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/07.md b/mat/13/07.md index b651ee2c79..c86039773b 100644 --- a/mat/13/07.md +++ b/mat/13/07.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. +# Connecting Statement: -## fell among the thorn plants ## +Jesus finishes telling a parable about a person who sows seeds. -"fell where thorn plants would also grow" +# fell among the thorn plants -## choked them ## +"fell where plants with thorns grew" -"choked the new sprouts." Use the usual word for the way weeds prevent other plants from growing well. +# choked them -## produced grain ## +"choked the new sprouts." Use your word for the way weeds prevent other plants from growing well. + +# produced grain "produced a crop" or "grew more seeds" or "gave fruit" -## He who has ears, let him listen ## +# some one hundred times as much, some sixty, and some thirty -AT: "You who have ears to listen, listen." +You can make clear the understood information as was done in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## He who has ears ## +# one hundred ... sixty ... thirty -"Whoever can hear" or "Whoever hears me" +"100 ... 60 ... 30" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## let him listen ## +# He who has ears -"let him listen well" or "let him pay attention to what I say" \ No newline at end of file +This is a way of referring to everyone listening. See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:15](../11/13.md). AT: "Everyone who is listening to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let him listen + +Here "listen" means paying attention. See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:15](../11/13.md). AT: "must pay careful attention to what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/10.md b/mat/13/10.md index 4c284c50dd..5dc1be7379 100644 --- a/mat/13/10.md +++ b/mat/13/10.md @@ -1,37 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. +# General Information: -## to them ## +Jesus explains to his disciples why he teaches with parables. -to the disciples +# to them -## You have been given the privilege of understanding mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it is not given ## +Here "them" refers to the disciples. -This can be translated with the active form and supplying implied information: “God has given you the privilege of understanding mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but God has not given it to these people” or “God has made you able to understand mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but he has not enabled these people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# You have been given the privilege of understanding mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it is not given -## You ## +This can be translated with the active form and supplying implied information. AT: "God has given you the privilege of understanding mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but God has not given it to these people" or "God has made you able to understand mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but he has not enabled these people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -the disciples +# You -## mysteries ## +This is plural and refers to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -Truths that had been kept hidden but Jesus is now revealing. Alternate translation: "secrets" or "hidden truths" (see UDB). +# mysteries of the kingdom of heaven -## whoever has ## +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" occurs only in the book of Matthew. If possible, try to keep it in your translation. AT: "the secrets about our God in heaven and his rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -“whoever has understanding” or “whoever receives what I teach.” +# whoever has -## to him will be given more ## +"whoever has understanding" or "whoever receives what I teach" -This can be translated with the active form: “God will give him more understanding.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# even more will be given -## he will have a great deal ## +This can be translated in active form. AT: "God will give him more understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"he will understand clearly" +# whoever does not have -## whoever has not ## +"whoever does not have understanding" or "whoever does not receive what I teach" -“whoever does not have understanding” or “whoever does not receive what I teach” +# even what he has will be taken away from him -## from him will be taken away even what he has ## - -This can be translated with the active form: "God will take away even what he has." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will take away even what he has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/13.md b/mat/13/13.md index 9e1fe4b0a6..63d33603b5 100644 --- a/mat/13/13.md +++ b/mat/13/13.md @@ -1,29 +1,47 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. +# Connecting Statement: -## I talk to them ## +Jesus continues to explain to his disciples why he teaches in parables. -The pronoun"them" here is referring to the people in the crowd throughout these two verses. +# General Information: -## because although they see, they do not really see, and although they hear, they do not really hear ## +In verse 14, Jesus quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that the people's failure to understand Jesus' teaching is a fulfillment of prophecy. -Jesus uses this parallelism to tell the disciples that the crowd refuses to understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# to them ... they -## although they see, they do not really see ## +All occurrences of "them" and "they" refer to the people in the crowd. -“though they see, they do not perceive.” If the verbs require an object, this could be translated as “though they see things, they do not understand them” or “though they see things happen, they do not understand what they mean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-verbs]]) +# Though they are seeing, they do not see; and though they are hearing, they do not hear, or understand. -## although they hear, they do not really hear, neither do they understand ## +Jesus uses this parallelism to tell and emphasize to the disciples that the crowd refuses to understand God's truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“though they hear, they do not understand.” If the verbs require an object, it could be translated as “though they hear instruction, they do not understand the truth.” +# Though they are seeing -## While hearing you will hear, but you will in no way understand; While seeing you will see, but you will in no way perceive ## +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to them seeing what Jesus does. AT: "Though they see what I do" or 2) this refers to their ability to see. AT: "Though they are able to see" -This begins a quote from the prophet Isaiah about the unbelieving people of Isaiah's day. Jesus is using this quote to describe the crowd that was listening to Him. This is another parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# they do not see -## While hearing you will hear, but you will in no way understand ## +Here "see" represents understanding. AT: "they do not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This can be translated "You will hear, but you will not understand." If the verbs require an object, it could be translated as "You will hear things, but you will not understand them." +# though they are hearing -## While seeing you will see, but you will in no way perceive ## +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to them hearing what Jesus teaches. AT: "Though they hear what I say" or 2) this refers to their ability to hear. AT: "Though they are able to hear" -"You will see, but you will not perceive." If the verbs require an object, it could be translated as "You will see things, but you will not perceive them." \ No newline at end of file +# they do not hear + +Here "hear" represents listening well. AT: "they do not listen well" or "they do not pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# To them the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled, that which says + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They are fulfilling what God said long ago through the prophet Isaiah" + +# While hearing you will hear, but you will in no way understand; while seeing you will see, but you will in no way perceive + +This begins a quote from the prophet Isaiah about the unbelieving people of Isaiah's day. Jesus is using this quote to describe the very crowd that was listening to him. These statements are again parallel and emphasize that the people refuse to understand God's truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# While hearing you will hear, but you will in no way understand + +"You will hear things, but you will not understand them." You can make explicit what the people will hear. AT: "You will hear what God says through the prophets, but you will not understand its true meaning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# while seeing you will see, but you will in no way perceive + +You can make explicit what the people will see. AT: "you will see what God does through the prophets, but you will not understand it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/15.md b/mat/13/15.md index 2c67d81490..c157b7c214 100644 --- a/mat/13/15.md +++ b/mat/13/15.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. He continues to repeat the words of Isaiah that began in [Matthew 13:13](./13.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## this people's heart has become dull ## +Jesus finishes quoting the prophet Isaiah. -"these people can no longer learn" (see UDB). +# For this people's heart ... I would heal them -## their ears are heavy of hearing ## +In 13:15 God describes the people of Israel as if they have physical diseases that cause them to be unable to learn, to see, and to hear. God wants them to come to him so he will heal them. This is all a metaphor describing the people's spiritual condition. It means the people are stubborn and refuse to receive and understand God's truth. If they would, then they would repent and God would forgive them and welcome them back as his people. If the meaning is clear, keep the metaphor in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"they no longer desire to listen" (see UDB). +# this people's heart has become dull -## their eyes they have closed ## +Here "heart" refers to the mind. AT: "these people's minds are slow to learn" or "these people can no longer learn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"they have closed their eyes" or "they refuse to see" +# they are hard of hearing -## Lest they should perhaps perceive with their eyes, Hear with their ears, Understand with their heart, And should turn again ## +They are not physically deaf. Here "hard of hearing" means they refuse to listen and learn God's truth. AT: "they refuse to use their ears to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"So that they will not be able to see with their eyes, Hear with their ears, Understand with their heart, And as a result turn again." +# they have closed their eyes -## turn again ## +They have not literally closed their eyes. This means they refuse to understand. AT: "they refuse to use their eyes to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"turn back" or "repent" +# so they should not see with their eyes, or hear with their ears, or understand with their hearts, so they would turn again -## And I should heal them ## +"so that they are not able to see with their eyes, hear with their ears, or understand with their heart, and as a result turn again." -"And have me heal them." Alternate translation: "And have me receive them again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# turn again + +"turn back to me" or "repent" + +# I would heal them + +"have me heal them." This means God would heal them spiritually by forgiving their sins and receiving them again as his people. AT: "have me receive them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/16.md b/mat/13/16.md index aaed70d3b2..5b579b3eb7 100644 --- a/mat/13/16.md +++ b/mat/13/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. +# Connecting Statement: -## your...you ## +Jesus finishes explaining to his disciples why he teaches with parables. -Jesus is speaking to his disciples. +# But blessed are your eyes, for they see; and your ears, for they hear -## for they see ## +Both of these statements mean the same thing. Jesus is emphasizing that they have pleased God because they have believed what Jesus has said and done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"for they can see" or "for they are able to see" +# But blessed are your eyes, for they see -## for they hear ## +Here "eyes" refers to the whole person. AT: "You are blessed because your eyes are able to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -"for they can hear" or "for they are able to hear" +# your ... you -## the things that you see ## +All occurrences of these words are plural and refer to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"the things you have seen me do" +# your ears, for they hear -## the things that you hear ## +Here "ears" refer to the whole person. You can also make clear the understood information. AT: "you are blessed because your ears are able to hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -"the things you have heard me say" \ No newline at end of file +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# the things that you see + +You can make explicit what they have seen. AT: "the things you have seen me do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the things that you hear + +You can make explicit what they have heard. AT: "the things you have heard me say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/18.md b/mat/13/18.md index 17194fa763..bf913247a1 100644 --- a/mat/13/18.md +++ b/mat/13/18.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -[Matthew 13:7](./07.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## the evil one comes and snatches away what has been sown in his heart ## +Here Jesus begins to explain to his disciples the parable about a person who sows seeds, which he began in [Matthew 13:3](./03.md). -"Satan causes him to forget the word of God that he has heard". +# the word of the kingdom -## snatches away ## +Here "word" refers to a message. And "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "the message about God's rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the evil one comes and snatches away what has been sown in his heart + +Jesus speaks of Satan causing the person to forget what he has heard as if he were a bird snatching the seed from the ground. AT: "The evil one causes him to forget the message that he has heard just like a bird that snatches away seed from the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the evil one + +This refers to Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# snatches away Try to use a word that means to grab something away from someone who is the rightful owner. -## what has been sown in his heart ## +# what has been sown in his heart -This can be translated with the active form: "the word God sowed in his heart." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form: AT: "the message that God sowed in his heart" or "the message that he heard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in his heart ## +# in his heart -in the heart of the hearer +Here "heart" refers to the mind of the hearer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## This is he who was sown on the wayside ## +# This is the seed that was sown beside the road -If a literal translation makes no sense, try to translate so the reader understands that Jesus is the sower, the message is the seed, and the hearer is the soil on the wayside. Possible translation: "This is how it is with what was sown on the wayside." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +"This is the meaning of the seed that was sown beside the road" or "The road where seed was sown represents this person" -## wayside ## +# beside the road -"road" or "path." Translate this as you did in [Matthew 13:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:4](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/20.md b/mat/13/20.md index dec2ed034c..e916887138 100644 --- a/mat/13/20.md +++ b/mat/13/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -[Matthew 13:7](./07.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## He who was sown on the rocky ground ## +Jesus continues to explain to his disciples the parable about a person who sows seeds. -If a literal translation makes no sense, try to translate so the reader understands that Jesus is the sower, the message is the seed, and the hearer is the rocky ground. Possible translation: "This is how it is with what was sown on the rocky ground." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# What was sown on rocky ground -## he has no root ## +The phrase "what was sown" refers to seed that fell. AT: "The seed that fell on rocky ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"he has shallow roots" or "he allows the young plant no place for its roots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# What was sown on rocky ground is -## because of the word ## +"The rocky ground where seed was sown represents" or "The rocky ground where seed fell fell represents" -"because of the message" +# the person who hears the word -## he stumbles immediately ## +In the parable, the seed represents the word. -"immediately he falls away" or "immediately he abandons his faith." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the word + +This represents God's message. AT: "the message" or "God's teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# receives it with joy + +Believing the word is spoken of as receiving it. AT: "joyfully believes it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# yet he has no root in himself and he endures for a while + +"Yet he has shallow roots and only lasts for a little while." The root represents what makes a person continue to believe God's message. AT: "But like a plant that does not grow deep roots, he only endures for a little while" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he quickly falls away + +Here "falls away" means to stop believing. AT: "immediately he falls away" or "he quickly stops believing the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/22.md b/mat/13/22.md index ec3e8bfe2f..f9cf766977 100644 --- a/mat/13/22.md +++ b/mat/13/22.md @@ -1,25 +1,47 @@ -[Matthew 13:7](./07.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## He who was sown among the thorn plants...He who was sown on the good soil ## +Jesus continues to explain to his disciples the parable about a person who sows seeds. -If a literal translation makes no sense, try to translate so the reader understands that Jesus is the sower, the message is the seed, and the hearer is the ground with thorn plants. Possible translation: "This is how it is with what was sown on the ground with thorn plants...This is how it is with what was sown on the good soil." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# What was sown -## the word ## +This refers to seed that was sown or that fell. AT: "The seed that was sown" or "The seed that fell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"the message" +# What was sown among the thorn plants -## the cares of the world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word, and he becomes unfruitful ## +"the ground with the thorn plants where seed was sown" -This can be translated "as weeds prevent good plants from growing, the cares of the world and the deceitfulness of riches keep this person from becoming fruitful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# this is the person -## cares of the world ## +"this represents the person" -“the things in this world that people worry about” +# the word -## becomes unfruitful ## +Here "the word" represents God's message. AT: "the message" or "God's teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -“becomes unproductive" +# the cares of the world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word -## this is he who truly produces fruit and brings it forth ## +Jesus speaks about the cares of the world and the deceitfulness of riches distracting a person from obeying God's word as if they were weeds that could wind around a plant and keep it from growing. AT: "as weeds prevent good plants from growing, the cares of the world and the deceitfulness of riches keep this person from listening to God's word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -“these are the ones who are fruitful and productive” or “like healthy plants that produce good fruit, these people are productive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +# cares of the world + +"the things in this world that people worry about" + +# the deceitfulness of riches + +Jesus describes "riches" as if it were a person who could deceive someone. This means people think having more money will make them happy, but it will not. AT: "the love of money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# he becomes unfruitful + +The person is spoken of as if he were a plant. Being unfruitful represents being unproductive. AT: "he becomes unproductive" or "he does not do what God wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# What was sown on the good soil + +"The good soil where seeds were sown" + +# He bears fruit and makes a crop + +The person is spoken of as if he were a plant. AT: "Like a healthy plant that bears a crop of fruit, he is productive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# yielding one hundred times as much as was planted, some sixty, and some thirty times as much + +The phrase "as much as was planted" is understood following each of these numbers. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:8](./07.md). AT: "Some people produce 100 times as much as was planted, some produce 60 times as much, and some produce 30 times as much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/24.md b/mat/13/24.md index 7204529220..ff09cf2a6f 100644 --- a/mat/13/24.md +++ b/mat/13/24.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. +# Connecting Statement: -## Jesus presented another parable to them ## +Here Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about a field with both wheat and weeds growing in it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -Jesus told another parable to the crowd of people. +# The kingdom of heaven is like a man -## The kingdom of heaven is like a man ## +The translation should not equate the kingdom of heaven to a man, but rather the kingdom of heaven is like the situation described in the parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -The translation should not equate the kingdom of heaven to a man, but rather the kingdom of heaven is like the situation described in the parable (see UDB). +# The kingdom of heaven is like -## good seed ## +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. AT: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# good seed "good food seeds" or "good grain seeds." The audience probably thought that Jesus was talking about wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## his enemy came ## +# his enemy came -"his enemy came to the field." +"his enemy came to the field" -## weeds ## +# weeds -This can be translated "bad seed" or "weed seeds." These weeds look like food plants when they are young, but the grain is poison. +These weeds look like food plants when they are young, but their grain is poison. AT: "bad seed" or "weed seeds" -## When the blades sprouted ## +# When the blades sprouted -"when the wheat seeds sprouted" or "when the plants came up" +"When the wheat seeds sprouted" or "When the plants came up" -## brought forth their crop ## +# produced their crop "produced grain" or "produced the wheat crop" -## then the weeds appeared also ## +# then the weeds appeared also -Alternate translation: "then people could see that there were weeds in the field also." \ No newline at end of file +"then people could see there were weeds in the field also" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/27.md b/mat/13/27.md index 7e5e872b12..01ccc7f62f 100644 --- a/mat/13/27.md +++ b/mat/13/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. These verses continue the parable of the weeds. +# Connecting Statement: -## the landowner ## +Jesus continues to tell a parable about a field with both wheat and weeds growing in it. + +# the landowner This is the same person who sowed good seed in his field. -## did you not sow good seed in your field? ## +# did you not sow good seed in your field? -"you sowed good seed in your field." The landowner probably had his servants plant the seeds (see UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [en:ta:translate:metonymy]]). +The servants used a question to emphasize their surprise. AT: "you sowed good seed in your field!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## He said to them ## +# did you not sow + +The landowner probably had his servants plant the seeds. AT: "we sowed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He said to them "The landowner said to the servants" -## So do you want us ## +# So do you want us The word "us" refers to the servants. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/29.md b/mat/13/29.md index e8b51fe440..f0b3065b6b 100644 --- a/mat/13/29.md +++ b/mat/13/29.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. These verses conclude the parable of the weeds. +# Connecting Statement: -## The landowner said ## +Jesus concludes the parable about a field with both wheat and weeds growing in it. + +# The landowner said "The landowner said to his servants" -## I will say to the reapers, "First pull out the weeds and tie them in bundles to burn them, but gather the wheat into my barn" ## +# I will say to the reapers, "First pull out the weeds and tie them in bundles to burn them, but gather the wheat into my barn." -You can translate this as an indirect quote: "I will tell the reapers to first gather up the weeds and tie them in bundles to burn them, then gather the wheat into my barn." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +You can translate this as an indirect quote (AT): "I will tell the reapers to first gather up the weeds and tie them in bundles to burn them, then gather the wheat into my barn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## my barn ## +# barn -A barn is a farm building that can be used for storing grain. \ No newline at end of file +a farm building that can be used for storing grain \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/31.md b/mat/13/31.md index a3386f4b24..b0b33f953d 100644 --- a/mat/13/31.md +++ b/mat/13/31.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. +# Connecting Statement: -## Jesus presented another parable to them ## +Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about a very small seed that grows into a very big plant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -"Jesus told another parable to the crowd of people" +# The kingdom of heaven is like -## The kingdom of heaven is like ## +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). AT: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). - -## mustard seed ## +# mustard seed a very small seed that grows into a large plant (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## This seed is indeed the smallest of all other seeds ## +# This seed is indeed the smallest of all other seeds Mustard seeds were the smallest seeds known to the original hearers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## But when it has grown ## +# But when it has grown "But when the plant has grown" -## becomes a tree ## +# it is greater than -“becomes a large bush” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +"it is larger than" -## birds of the air ## +# becomes a tree -“birds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +A mustard plant can grow about 2 to 4 meters tall. + +# birds of the air + +"birds" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/33.md b/mat/13/33.md index 45c03050d4..4fbb6a2b45 100644 --- a/mat/13/33.md +++ b/mat/13/33.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. +# Connecting Statement: -## Jesus then told them another parable ## +Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about the effect that yeast has on flour. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -"Jesus then told another parable to the crowd" +# The kingdom of heaven is like yeast -## The kingdom of heaven is like ## +The kingdom is not like the yeast, but the spread of the kingdom is like the spreading of the yeast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). The kingdom is not like the yeast, but the spread of the kingdom is like the spreading of the yeast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# The kingdom of heaven is like -## three measures of flour ## +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). AT: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -“a large amount of flour” or with a term that your culture uses for measuring large amounts of flour (see UDB). +# three measures of flour -## until it rose ## +Say "a large amount of flour" or use a term that your culture uses for measuring large amounts of flour. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -until the dough rose. The implied information is that the yeast and the three measures of flour were made into dough for baking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# until all the dough had risen + +The implied information is that the yeast and the three measures of flour were made into dough for baking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/34.md b/mat/13/34.md index b3ad7d99ae..1b498d0561 100644 --- a/mat/13/34.md +++ b/mat/13/34.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a large crowd of people different parables that describe what the kingdom of God is like. +# General Information: -## All these things Jesus said to the crowds in parables; and without parables he said nothing to them ## +Here the author quotes from the Psalms to show that Jesus' teaching in parables fulfilled prophecy. -The order "said...parables...parables...said" is meant to emphasize that he spoke to them in parables. +# All these things Jesus said to the crowds in parables; and he said nothing to them without a parable -## All these things ## +Both sentences mean the same thing. They are combined to emphasize that Jesus taught the crowds only with parables. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# All these things This refers to what Jesus taught beginning at [Matthew 13:1](./01.md). -## without parables he said nothing to them ## +# he said nothing to them without a parable -"he taught them nothing except by parables." Alternate translation: "everything he said to them he said in parables." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +"he taught them nothing except by parables." The double negative can be expressed in a positive way. AT: "everything he taught them he said in parables" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## what had been said through the prophet might come true, when he said ## +# what had been said through the prophet might come true, when he said -This can be translated with an active verb: "he made come true what God told one of the prophets to write long ago" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he made come true what God told one of the prophets to write long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## when he said ## +# when he said "when the prophet said" -## things that were hidden ## +# I will open my mouth -This can be translated with an active verb: "things that God has kept hidden".(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is an idiom that means to speak. AT: "I will speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## from the foundation of the world ## +# things that were hidden -"since the beginning of the world" or "since God created the world." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "things that God has kept hidden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the foundation of the world + +"since the beginning of the world" or "since God created the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/36.md b/mat/13/36.md index 5f54837c16..28228065b2 100644 --- a/mat/13/36.md +++ b/mat/13/36.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -Jesus went into a house with his disciples to explain some parables about the kingdom of God. +# Connecting Statement: -## went into the house ## +Here the scene shifts to the house where Jesus and his disciples were staying. Jesus begins to explain to them the parable of the field that had both wheat and weeds, which he told beginning in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). -"went indoors" or "went into the house where he was staying." +# went into the house -## He who sows ## +"went indoors" or "went into the house where he was staying" + +# He who sows "The sower" -## the Son of Man ## +# the Son of Man -Jesus is referring to himself. +Jesus is referring to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## sons of the kingdom ## +# the sons of the kingdom -"people who belong to the kingdom" +Here "sons of" means to belong to or to have the same character as someone or something. AT: "the people who belong to the kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## sons of the evil one ## +# of the kingdom -"people who belong to the evil one" +Here "kingdom" refers to God the king. AT: "of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the enemy who sowed them ## +# the sons of the evil one -the enemy who sowed the weeds. +Here "sons of" means to belong to or to have the same character as someone or something. AT: "the people who belong to the evil one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## end of the world ## +# the enemy who sowed them + +"the enemy who sowed the weeds" + +# end of the world "end of the age" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/40.md b/mat/13/40.md index d2de0d5fe1..5ae98253eb 100644 --- a/mat/13/40.md +++ b/mat/13/40.md @@ -1,29 +1,43 @@ -Jesus went into a house with his disciples and continued to explain the parables about the kingdom of God. +# Connecting Statement: -## Therefore, as the weeds are gathered up and burned with fire ## +Jesus finishes explaining to his disciples the parable of the field with both wheat and weeds. -This can be translated with active verbs: "Therefore, as people gather up weeds and burn them in the fire." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Therefore, as the weeds are gathered up and burned with fire -## end of the world ## +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Therefore, as people gather up weeds and burn them in the fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# end of the world "end of the age" -## The Son of Man will send forth his angels ## +# The Son of Man will send out his angels -Jesus is here speaking of himself. This can be translated "I, the Son of Man, will send forth my angels." +Here Jesus is speaking of himself. AT: "I, the Son of Man, will send out my angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## those who commit iniquity ## +# those who commit iniquity -"those who do lawlessness" or "evil people" +"those who are lawless" or "evil people" -## furnace of fire ## +# furnace of fire -This can be translated "fiery furnace." If "furnace" is not known, "oven" can be used. +This is a metaphor for the fires of hell. If the term "furnace" is not known, "oven" can be used. AT: "fiery furnace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## shine forth like the sun ## +# weeping and grinding of teeth -"be as easy to see as the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This represents extreme sadness and suffering. See how you translated this in [Matthew 8:12](../08/11.md). -## He who has ears, let him listen ## +# shine like the sun -AT: "You who have ears, listen" or "You have ears, so listen." \ No newline at end of file +If this simile is not understandable in your language, you can use: "be as easy to see as the sun." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# He who has ears + +This is a way of referring to everyone listening. See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:15](../11/13.md). AT: "Everyone who is listening to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let him listen + +Here "listen" means paying attention. See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:15](../11/13.md). AT: "must pay careful attention to what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/44.md b/mat/13/44.md index 5db028008f..cd4e48efbd 100644 --- a/mat/13/44.md +++ b/mat/13/44.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ -Jesus went into a house with his disciples and continued to explain the parables about the kingdom of God. In these two parables, Jesus uses two similes to teach his disciples what the kingdom of heaven is like. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# Connecting Statement: -## The kingdom of heaven is like ## +Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling two parables about people who sold their possessions to purchase something of great value. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# General Information: -## a treasure hidden in a field ## +In these two parables, Jesus uses two similes to teach his disciples what the kingdom of heaven is like. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -A treasure is a very valuable and precious thing or collection of things. This can be translated with an active verb: "a treasure that someone had hidden in a field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# The kingdom of heaven is like -## hid it ## +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). AT: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# like a treasure hidden in a field + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a treasure that someone had hidden in a field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# treasure + +a very valuable and precious thing or collection of things + +# hid it "covered it up" -## sells everything he possesses, and buys that field ## +# sells everything he possesses, and buys that field The implied information is that the person buys the field to take possession of the hidden treasure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## a merchant ## +# like a man who is a merchant looking for valuable pearls -A merchant is a trader or wholesale dealer, often obtaining merchandise from distant places. +The implied information is that the man was looking for valuable pearls that he could buy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## looking for valuable pearls ## +# a merchant -The implied information is that the man was looking for valuable pearls that he could buy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +a trader or wholesale dealer who often obtains merchandise from distant places -## valuable pearls ## +# valuable pearls -This can be translated "fine pearls" or "beautiful pearls". A "pearl" is a smooth, hard, shiny, white or light-colored bead formed inside mollusks in the sea and highly prized as a gem or to make valuable jewelry. \ No newline at end of file +A "pearl" is a smooth, hard, shiny, white or light-colored bead formed inside mollusks in the sea and highly prized as a gem or to make into valuable jewelry. AT: "fine pearls" or "beautiful pearls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/47.md b/mat/13/47.md index b0a5b1e041..a919d64c38 100644 --- a/mat/13/47.md +++ b/mat/13/47.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -Jesus went into a house with his disciples and continued to explain the parables about the kingdom of God. In this parable, Jesus again uses a simile to teach his disciples what the kingdom of heaven is like. (See: Simile) +# Connecting Statement: -## the kingdom of heaven is like ## +Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about fishermen who use a large net to catch fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). The kingdom is not like the net, but the kingdom draws all kinds of people like a net catches all kinds of fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# the kingdom of heaven is like a net -## like a net that was cast into the sea ## +The kingdom is not like the net, but the kingdom draws all kinds of people like a net catches all kinds of fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -This can be translated with an active verb: "like a net that some fishermen cast into the sea." +# the kingdom of heaven is like -## a net that was cast into the sea ## +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). AT: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"a net that was thrown into the lake" +# like a net that was cast into the sea -## gathered creatures of every kind ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "like a net that some fishermen cast into the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was cast into the sea + +"was thrown into the lake" + +# gathered creatures of every kind "caught all kinds of fish" -## drew it up on the beach ## +# drew it up on the beach "pulled the net up onto the beach" or "pulled the net ashore" -## the good things ## +# the good things "the good ones" -## the worthless things ## +# the worthless things "the bad fish" or "the inedible fish" -## threw away ## +# threw away "did not keep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/49.md b/mat/13/49.md index a6373fc8e3..5170b1c35f 100644 --- a/mat/13/49.md +++ b/mat/13/49.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Jesus went into a house with his disciples and continued to explain the parables about the kingdom of God. +# Connecting Statement: -## end of the world ## +Jesus explains the parable about fishermen who use a large net to catch fish. + +# end of the world "end of the age" -## come forth ## +# come "come out" or "go out" or "come from heaven" -## throw them ## +# the wicked from among the righteous -"throw the wicked" +These nominal adjectives can be stated as adjectives. AT: "the wicked people from the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## furnace of fire ## +# They will throw them -This can be translated “fiery furnace.” This is a metaphor for the fires of hell that uses the imagery of the Old Testament passage Daniel 3:6. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) If the term “furnace” is not known, “oven” can be used. +"The angels will throw the wicked people" -## where there will be weeping and grinding of teeth ## +# furnace of fire -"where the wicked people will cry and grind their teeth" \ No newline at end of file +This is a metaphor for the fires of hell. If the term "furnace" is not known, "oven" can be used. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:42](./40.md). AT: "fiery furnace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# weeping and grinding of teeth + +This represents extreme sadness and suffering. See how you translated this in [Matthew 8:12](../08/11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/51.md b/mat/13/51.md index d68e9fec57..1916a3b40e 100644 --- a/mat/13/51.md +++ b/mat/13/51.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Jesus went into a house with his disciples and continued to explain the parables about the kingdom of God. +# Connecting Statement: -## "Have you understood all these things?" The disciples said to him, "Yes." ## +Jesus describes the kingdom of heaven by telling a parable about a person who manages a household. This is the end of the part of the story about Jesus teaching the crowds about the kingdom of heaven through using parables. -If necessary, this can be written as an indirect quotation such as "Jesus asked them if they had understood all this, and they said they had." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +# Have you understood all these things?" The disciples said to him, "Yes." -## has become a disciple to ## +If necessary, both direct quotations can be translated as indirect quotations. AT: "Jesus asked them if they had understood all this, and they said that they did understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -"has learned about" +# has become a disciple to the kingdom of heaven -## treasure ## +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "has learned the truth about our God in heaven, who is king" or "has submitted himself to God's rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -A treasure is a very valuable and precious thing or a collection of things. Here it may refer to the place where these things are stored, the "treasury" or "storeroom." \ No newline at end of file +# is like a man who is the owner of a house, who draws out old and new things from his treasure + +Jesus speaks another parable. He compares scribes, who know very well the scriptures that Moses and the prophets wrote, and who also now accept Jesus' teachings, to a house owner who uses both old and new treasures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# treasure + +A treasure is a very valuable and precious thing or a collection of things. Here it may refer to the place where these things are stored, the "treasury" or "storeroom." + +# Then it came about that when + +This phrase shifts the story from Jesus' teachings to what happened next. AT: "Then" or "After" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/54.md b/mat/13/54.md index 935a156a1e..0c0002a982 100644 --- a/mat/13/54.md +++ b/mat/13/54.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -This is the account of how the people of Jesus' home town rejected him when he taught in their synagogue. +# General Information: -## his own region ## +This is the beginning of a new part of the story that runs through [Matthew 17:27](../17/26.md), where the writer tells of continued opposition to Jesus' ministry and teaching about the kingdom of heaven. Here, the people of Jesus' home town reject him. -"his hometown" (see UDB) +# his own region -## in their synagogue ## +"his hometown." This refers to the town of Nazareth where Jesus grew up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in their synagogue The pronoun "their" is referring to the people of the region. -## they were astonished ## +# they were astonished "they were amazed" -## and these miracles ## +# Where does this man get his wisdom and these miracles from? -"and where does he get the power to do these miracles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The people use this question to express their amazement that Jesus was so wise and was able to do miracles. AT: "How can an ordinary man like this be so wise and do such great miracles?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the carpenter's son ## +# Is not this man the carpenter's son? Is not his mother called Mary? Are not his brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas? Are not all his sisters with us? -A carpenter is someone who makes things with wood or stone. If "carpenter" is not known, "builder" can be used. \ No newline at end of file +The crowd uses these questions to express their belief that they know who Jesus is and that he is just an ordinary man. AT: "He is just the son of a carpenter. We know his mother Mary, and his brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas. And all his sisters are with us, too." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the carpenter's son + +A carpenter is someone who makes things with wood or stone. If "carpenter" is not known, "builder" can be used. + +# Where did he get all these things? + +The crowd uses this question to show their surprise that an ordinary person from their region would be able to do these things. AT: "An ordinary man should not be able to do these things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/57.md b/mat/13/57.md index 9ce208b67a..dbef425411 100644 --- a/mat/13/57.md +++ b/mat/13/57.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of how the people of Jesus' home town rejected him when he taught in their synagogue. +# They were offended by him -## They were offended by him ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people of Jesus' hometown took offense at him" or "The people rejected Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"The people of Jesus' hometown took offense at him" or "...would not accept him" +# A prophet is not without honor -## A prophet is not without honor ## +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "A prophet receives honor everywhere" or "People everywhere honor a prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -"A prophet is honored everywhere" or "a prophet receives honor everywhere" or "people honor a prophet everywhere" - -## his own country ## +# his own country "his own region" or "his own hometown" -## his own family ## +# in his own family -"his own home" +"in his own home" -## he did not do many miracles there ## +# He did not do many miracles there -Jesus did not do many miracles in his own hometown" \ No newline at end of file +"Jesus did not do many miracles in his own hometown" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/13/intro.md b/mat/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..56df33f2fd --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Matthew 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 13:14-15, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +This chapter begins a new section. It contains some of Jesus' parables about the kingdom of heaven. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Parables ##### + +A parable is a short story used to illustrate a moral or religious lesson. In this chapter, the parables, reveal truth about the kingdom of heaven to those who have faith in Jesus. They also conceal these same truths from those who reject Jesus ([Matthew 13:11-13](./10.md)). These parables usually take the form of stories. + +==Synecdoche and Merism == +In this chapter, Matthew references the eyes seeing and the ears hearing. This chapter uses these figures of speech to encourage his reader to understand these parable's lessons. + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/01.md b/mat/14/01.md index 11eb749799..a655763641 100644 --- a/mat/14/01.md +++ b/mat/14/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -12]] happened before the events described here. +# General Information: -## About that time ## +These verses explain Herod's reaction when he heard about Jesus. This event happens some time after the events that follow in the narrative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -"In those days" or "While Jesus was ministering in Galilee." +# About that time -## Herod the tetrarch ## +"In those days" or "While Jesus was ministering in Galilee" -Herod Antipas, ruler of one-fourth of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## heard the news about Jesus ## +# heard the news about Jesus "heard reports about Jesus" or "heard about the fame of Jesus" -## He said ## +# He said -"Herod said" \ No newline at end of file +"Herod said" + +# has risen from the dead + +"has come back to life" + +# Therefore these powers are at work in him + +Some Jews at that time believed if a person came back from the dead he would have powers to do mighty things. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/03.md b/mat/14/03.md index 9e816c64fb..db39afe00e 100644 --- a/mat/14/03.md +++ b/mat/14/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ -This continues the account of how Herod killed John the Baptist. +# Connecting Statement: -## Herod had laid hold upon John, bound him, and put him in prison ## +Here the author begins to tell about how Herod had executed John the Baptist. These events occur some time before the event in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -Most likely, Herod had ordered others to do these actions for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# General Information: -## Herod had laid hold upon John ## +The writer recounts the story of John the Baptist's death in order to show why Herod reacted the way he did when he heard about Jesus. -"Herod had John arrested" +# For Herod ... as your wife -## For John had said to him, "It is not lawful for you to have her as your wife" ## +If needed, you can reverse the order of events in 9:3-4 as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -"For John had said to him that it was not lawful for him to have her as his wife." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +# Herod had arrested John, bound him, and put him in prison -## For John had said to him ## +It says that Herod did these things because he ordered others to do them for him. AT: "Herod ordered his soldiers to arrest and bind John the Baptist and put him in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"For John had kept saying to Herod" (see UDB). +# Philip's wife -## It is not lawful ## +Philip is the name of Herod's brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -UDB assumes Philip was still alive when Herod married Herodias, but the Law of Moses also forbade a man from marrying his brother's widow. \ No newline at end of file +# For John had said to him, "It is not lawful for you to have her as your wife." + +This can be expressed as an indirect quote, if needed. AT: "For John had said to him that it was not lawful for him to have her as his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# For John had said to him + +"For John had kept saying to Herod" + +# It is not lawful + +Philip was still alive when Herod married Herodias. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he feared + +"Herod feared" + +# they regarded him + +"they regarded John" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/06.md b/mat/14/06.md index e898bee018..8501f4761e 100644 --- a/mat/14/06.md +++ b/mat/14/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -This continues the account of how Herod killed John the Baptist. +# in the midst -## in the midst ## - -in the midst of the guests who were there to participate in the birthday celebration (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can make explicit the implicit information. AT: "in the midst of the guests attending the birthday celebration" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/08.md b/mat/14/08.md index 813b71ce48..9a80b6e82f 100644 --- a/mat/14/08.md +++ b/mat/14/08.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -This continues the account of how Herod killed John the Baptist. +# After being instructed by her mother -## After being instructed by her mother ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "After her mother instructed her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "After her mother instructed her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# instructed -## instructed ## +"coached" or "told" -"coached" +# she said -## about what to ask for ## +"the daughter of Herodias said to Herod" -This can be translated as "about what to ask." These words are not in the original Greek. They are implied by the context. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# platter -## she said ## +a very large plate -The pronoun "she" refers to the daughter of Herodias. +# The king was very upset by her request -## platter ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Her request made the king very upset" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -large plate +# The king -## The king was very upset by her request ## +"King Herod" -"Her request made the king very upset." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# he ordered that it should be done -## The king ## - -Herod Antipas the tetrarch ([Matthew 14:1](./01.md)). \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he ordered his men to do what she said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/10.md b/mat/14/10.md index e65e91c8ac..1157f6e253 100644 --- a/mat/14/10.md +++ b/mat/14/10.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -This continues the account of how Herod killed John the Baptist. +# Connecting Statement: -## his head was brought on a platter and given to the girl ## +This concludes the account of how Herod executed John the Baptist. -"someone brought his head on a platter and gave it to the girl." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# his head was brought on a platter and given to the girl -## platter ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone brought his head on a platter and gave it to the girl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This is a large plate. +# platter -## girl ## +a very large plate + +# girl Use the word for a young, unmarried girl. -## his disciples ## +# his disciples "the disciples of John" -## the corpse ## +# the corpse "the dead body" -## they went and told Jesus ## +# they went and told Jesus -"the disciples of John went and told Jesus what had happened to John the Baptist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "the disciples of John went and told Jesus what had happened to John the Baptist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/13.md b/mat/14/13.md index 5a47e420f0..c5ec5f5d37 100644 --- a/mat/14/13.md +++ b/mat/14/13.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -Jesus went to an isolated place after John the Baptist was killed. +# Connecting Statement: -## heard this ## +These verses describe how Jesus reacted when he heard that Herod had executed John the Baptist. -"heard what happened to John" or "heard the news about John." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# General Information: -## he withdrew ## +These verses give background information about the miracle that Jesus is about to perform by feeding five thousand people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -he left or went away from the crowd +# Now -## from there ## +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# heard this + +"heard what happened to John" or "heard the news about John" + +# he withdrew + +"he left" or "he went away from the crowd." It is implied that Jesus' disciples went with him. AT: "Jesus and his disciples left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from there "from that place" -## When the crowds heard of it ## +# When the crowds heard of it -"When the crowds heard where they had gone" (see UDB) or "When the crowds heard that he had left" +"When the crowds heard where Jesus had gone" or "When the crowds heard that he had left" -## the crowds ## +# the crowds -"the crowds of people" or "the people" +"the crowds of people" or "the huge group of people" or "the people" -## Then Jesus came before them and saw the large crowd ## +# on foot -"When Jesus came ashore, he saw a large crowd." \ No newline at end of file +This means that the people in the crowd were walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Then Jesus came before them and saw the large crowd + +"When Jesus came ashore, he saw a large crowd" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/15.md b/mat/14/15.md index 0844c75995..44adcfd6ab 100644 --- a/mat/14/15.md +++ b/mat/14/15.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Jesus feeds the crowds who have followed him to the isolated place. +# Connecting Statement: -## the disciples came to him ## +This begins the account of Jesus feeding five thousand people with only five small loaves of bread and two small fish. + +# the disciples came to him "Jesus' disciples came to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/16.md b/mat/14/16.md index a8a8e3eb4c..5079fdda46 100644 --- a/mat/14/16.md +++ b/mat/14/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -Jesus feeds the crowds who have followed him to the isolated place. +# They have no need -## They have no need ## +"The people in the crowd have no need" -"the people in the crowd have no need" +# You give them -## you give them ## +The word "You" is plural, referring to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -The word "you" is plural, referring to the disciples.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) - -## They said to him ## +# They said to him "The disciples said to Jesus" -## five loaves of bread and two fish ## +# five loaves of bread -"5 loaves of bread and 2 fish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +A loaf of bread is a lump of dough that is shaped and baked. -## Bring them to me ## +# Bring them to me "Bring the loaves and fish to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/19.md b/mat/14/19.md index b73557ecbb..3cc87b33fa 100644 --- a/mat/14/19.md +++ b/mat/14/19.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -Jesus feeds the crowds who have followed him to the isolated place. +# Connecting Statement: -## sit down ## +This concludes the account of Jesus feeding five thousand people. -or "lie down." Use the word for the position people in your culture usually are in when they eat. +# sit down -## took ## +"lie down." Use the verb for the position people in your culture usually are in when they eat. + +# took "held in his hands." He did not steal them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## loaves ## +# broke the loaves + +"tore the loaves" + +# loaves "loaves of bread" or "whole breads" -## and looking ## +# Looking up -This can mean 1) “while looking” or 2) “after looking.” +Possible meanings are 1) "While looking up" or 2) "After looking up." -## they took up ## +# and were filled -"the disciples gathered up." +This can be translated in active form. AT: "until they were full" or "until they were no longer hungry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Those who ate ## +# they took up -"Those who ate the bread and the fish." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the disciples gathered up" or "some people gathered up" + +# twelve baskets full + +"12 baskets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Those who ate + +"Those who ate the bread and the fish" + +# five thousand men + +"5,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/22.md b/mat/14/22.md index eeea7a2138..d997b1f835 100644 --- a/mat/14/22.md +++ b/mat/14/22.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Jesus walks on water. +# Connecting Statement: -## Immediately ## +The following verses describe events that happened right after Jesus fed the five thousand people. -"Right after Jesus fed the five thousand," +# General Information: -## When evening had fully come ## +These verses give background information about the miracle that Jesus is about to perform of walking on water. + +# Immediately + +"Right after Jesus had fed all the people," + +# When evening came "Late in the evening" or "When it became dark" -## almost uncontrollable because of the waves ## +# being tossed about by the waves -"the waves were beating against the boat." \ No newline at end of file +"and the disciples could not control the boat because of the large waves" + +# for the wind was blowing against them + +"for their boat was sailing into the wind" or "for the wind was against them" and they could not make progress because of the wind. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/25.md b/mat/14/25.md index f19da97bd2..cf9d1faf7b 100644 --- a/mat/14/25.md +++ b/mat/14/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus walks on water. +# In the fourth watch -## he was walking on the sea ## +The fourth watch is between 3 a.m. and sunrise. AT: "Just before dawn" -"Jesus was walking on top of the water" +# walking on the sea -## they were terrified ## +"walking on top of the water" -"the disciples were very afraid" +# they were terrified -## ghost ## +"they were very afraid" -spirit that has left the body of a person who has died \ No newline at end of file +# ghost + +a spirit that has left the body of a person who has died \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/28.md b/mat/14/28.md index d2606abc0f..13426e2369 100644 --- a/mat/14/28.md +++ b/mat/14/28.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Jesus walks on water. +# Peter answered him -## Peter answered him ## +"Peter answered Jesus" -"Peter answered Jesus" \ No newline at end of file +# when Peter saw the wind + +Here "saw the wind" means he became aware of the wind. AT: "when Peter saw that the wind was tossing the waves back and forth" or "when he realized how strong the wind was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/31.md b/mat/14/31.md index 94643f79bf..056751c429 100644 --- a/mat/14/31.md +++ b/mat/14/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Jesus walks on water. +# You of little faith -## "O you of little faith" ## +"You who have such little faith." Jesus is scolding the people because they have little faith in God. See how you translated this in [Matthew 6:30](../06/30.md). -See how you translated this in [Matthew 6:30](../06/30.md). +# why did you doubt? -## why did you doubt ## +Jesus uses a question to tell Peter than he should not have doubted. You can make explicit what Peter should not have doubted. AT: "you should not have doubted that I could keep you from sinking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"you should not have doubted." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/34.md b/mat/14/34.md index d88adc7aba..5e0444ef9b 100644 --- a/mat/14/34.md +++ b/mat/14/34.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continued his ministry in Galilee after returning from the isolated place. +# Connecting Statement: -## When they had crossed over ## +These verses describe what happened after Jesus walked on the water. They summarize how the people were responding to Jesus' ministry. -"When Jesus and the disciples had crossed over the lake" +# When they had crossed over -## Gennesaret ## +"When Jesus and his disciples had crossed over the lake" -a small town on the northwest shore of the sea of Galilee (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Gennesaret -## they sent messages ## +This is a small town on the northwest shore of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they sent messages "the men of that area sent messages" -## They begged him ## +# They begged him "The sick people begged him" -## garment ## +# garment -"robe" or "what he was wearing" \ No newline at end of file +"robe" or "what he was wearing" + +# were healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "became well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/14/intro.md b/mat/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1aba80704b --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +====== Matthew 14 General Notes====== + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +14:3-12 mentions events that have previously occurred. Therefore, there is a break in the chronology of the narrative. The purpose of this break is explanatory; the translator will find it necessary to signal this break. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Irony ##### + +Herod believe that breaking an oath was dishonorable, so he ordered the execution of John the Baptist. However, the murder for which he was responsible was a much greater evil. This is irony. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/01.md b/mat/15/01.md index 1e5f9592d8..9ba5231799 100644 --- a/mat/15/01.md +++ b/mat/15/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -This begins an encounter between Jesus and the religious leaders. +# General Information: -## violate the traditions of the elders ## +The scene shifts to events that occurred some time after events of the previous chapter. Here Jesus responds to the criticisms of the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -"do not respect the rules given by the older religious leaders." +# Why do your disciples violate the traditions of the elders? -## wash their hands ## +The Pharisees and scribes use this question to criticize Jesus and his disciples. AT: "Your disciples do not respect the rules that our ancestors have given us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"they do not wash their hands in the ceremony required by our law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# traditions of the elders + +This is not the same as the law of Moses. This refers to later teachings and interpretations of the law given by religious leaders after Moses. + +# they do not wash their hands + +This washing is not only to clean hands. This refers to a ceremonial washing according to the tradition of the elders. AT: "they do not wash their hands properly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then why do you violate the commandment of God for the sake of your traditions? + +Jesus answers with a question to criticize what the religious leaders do. AT: "And I see that you refuse to obey God's commands just so that you can follow what your ancestors taught you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/04.md b/mat/15/04.md index 579aa4243e..d96325b75c 100644 --- a/mat/15/04.md +++ b/mat/15/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -This continues the encounter between Jesus and the scribes and Pharisees. +# Connecting Statement: -## Whoever ## +Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees. -"Anyone who" or "If anyone" +# General Information: -## honor his father ## +In verse 4, Jesus quotes twice from Exodus to show how God expects people to treat their parents. -show respect to his father by taking care of him +# will surely die -## you have made void the word of God for the sake of your traditions ## +"the people will surely execute him" -AT: "you have elevated the tradition above the word of God" \ No newline at end of file +# But you say, 'Whoever says to his father or mother "Whatever help you would have received from me is now a gift given to God,"' that person does not need to honor his father + +This has a quotation within a quotation. If necessary you can translate them as indirect quotations. AT: "But you teach that a person does not need to honor his parents by giving them something that may help them if the person tells his parents that he has already given it as a gift to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# But you say + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the Pharisees and scribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# does not need to honor his father + +It is implied that "his father" means "his parents." This means the religious leaders taught that a person does not need to show respect to his parents by taking care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you have made void the word of God for the sake of your traditions + +"you have made your traditions more important than God's commands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/07.md b/mat/15/07.md index aee9d6b277..4a7158f96b 100644 --- a/mat/15/07.md +++ b/mat/15/07.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -This continues ​the encounter between Jesus and the Pharisees and scribes. +# Connecting Statement: -## well did Isaiah prophesy ## +Jesus concludes his response to the Pharisees and scribes. -AT: "Isaiah told the truth in this prophecy" +# General Information: -## when he said ## +In verses 8 and 9, Jesus quotes the prophet Isaiah to rebuke the Pharisees and scribes. -AT: "when he told what God said" +# Well did Isaiah prophesy about you -## This people honors me with their lips ## +"Isaiah told the truth in this prophecy about you" -AT: "These people say all the right things" +# when he said -## but their heart is far from me ## +It is implied that Isaiah is speaking what God told him. AT: "when he told what God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "but they do not really love me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# This people honors me with their lips -## They worship me in vain ## +Here "lips" refers to speaking. AT: "These people say all the right things to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "Their worship has no effect on me" or "They only pretend to worship me" +# me -## the commands of people ## +All occurrences of this word refer to God. -"rules that people make up." \ No newline at end of file +# but their heart is far from me + +Here "heart" refers to a person's thoughts or emotions. This phrase is a way of saying the people are not truly devoted to God. AT: "but they do not really love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They worship me in vain + +"Their worship means nothing to me" or "They only pretend to worship me" + +# the commandments of people + +"the rules that people make up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/10.md b/mat/15/10.md index 0be2019053..a90a0a0e1a 100644 --- a/mat/15/10.md +++ b/mat/15/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Jesus teaches the crowd with a parable. +# Connecting Statement: -## Listen and understand ## +Jesus begins to teach the crowd and his disciples about what defiles a person and why the Pharisees and scribes were wrong to criticize him. -Jesus is emphasizing the important statement that follows. \ No newline at end of file +# Listen and understand + +Jesus is emphasizing the importance of what he is about to say. The implied information can be made explicit. AT: "Listen carefully to what I say so that you may understand its meaning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# enters into the mouth ... comes out of the mouth + +Jesus is contrasting what a person eats to what a person says. Jesus means that God is concerned with what a person says rather than what a person eats. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/12.md b/mat/15/12.md index cb59eb0c93..c9959c7351 100644 --- a/mat/15/12.md +++ b/mat/15/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -Jesus explains to his disciples the meaning of his parable in [Matthew 15:10](./10.md). +# the Pharisees were offended when they heard this statement -## the Pharisees were offended when they heard this statement? ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this statement made the Pharisees angry" or "this statement offended the Pharisees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "this statement made the Pharisees angry?" or "this statement offended the Pharisees?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Every plant that my heavenly Father has not planted will be rooted up + +This is a metaphor. Jesus means that the Pharisees do not actually belong to God, so God will remove them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my heavenly Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# will be rooted up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my Father will uproot them" or "my Father will take them out of the ground" or "my Father will remove them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let them alone + +The word "them" refers to the Pharisees. + +# blind guides ... both will fall into a pit + +Jesus uses another metaphor to describe the Pharisees. Jesus means that the Pharisees do not understand God's commands or how to please him. Therefore, they cannot teach others how to please God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/15.md b/mat/15/15.md index 0cc6044630..d4e489185e 100644 --- a/mat/15/15.md +++ b/mat/15/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to explain to his disciples the meaning of his parable in verse [Matthew 15:10](./10.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## to us ## +Jesus explains the parable that he told in [Matthew 15:13-14](./12.md). + +# to us "to us disciples" -## passes ## +# Are you also still without understanding? -"goes" +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the disciples for not understanding the parable. Also, the word "you" is emphasized. Jesus cannot believe his own disciples do not understand. AT: "I am disappointed that you, my disciples, still do not understand what I teach!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## latrine ## +# Do you not see ... into the latrine? -a polite term for the place where people buried body waste \ No newline at end of file +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the disciples for not understanding the parable. AT: "Surely you understand ... into the latrine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the mouth passes + +"the mouth goes" + +# latrine + +This a polite term for the place where people bury body waste. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/18.md b/mat/15/18.md index 74beb42411..78cf3cc074 100644 --- a/mat/15/18.md +++ b/mat/15/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to explain to his disciples the meaning of his parable in [Matthew 15:10](./10.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## things that come out of the mouth ## +Jesus continues to explain the parable that he told in [Matthew 15:13-14](./12.md). -"words that a person says" +# things that come out of the mouth -## come from the heart ## +This refers to what a person says. AT: "words that a person says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"result from a person's true feelings and thoughts." +# from the heart -## murder ## +Here "heart" refers to a person's mind or innermost being. AT: "from inside the person" or "from a person's mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -killing innocent people +# murder -## insults ## +to kill innocent people -"sayings that offend other people" +# slander -## unwashed hands ## +to say something about another person that is offensive and that is not true -hands that have not been washed in a ceremony \ No newline at end of file +# unwashed hands + +This means a person has not ceremonially washed his hands according to the traditions of the elders. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/21.md b/mat/15/21.md index 35bc654dfd..79343841e1 100644 --- a/mat/15/21.md +++ b/mat/15/21.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + This begins an account of Jesus healing the daughter of a Canaanite woman. -## a Canaanite woman came out from that region ## +# Jesus went away -The woman had left her homeland, which was outside of Israel, come into Israel, and found Jesus. +It is implied that the disciples went with Jesus. AT: "Jesus and his disciples went away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Canaanite woman ## +# Behold, a Canaanite woman came -Canaan no longer existed as a nation: "a woman of the people group called Canaanite." +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. AT: "there was a Canaanite woman who came" -## my daughter is very tormented by a demon ## +# a Canaanite woman came out from that region -"a demon is tormenting my daughter very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"a woman from the group of people called Canaanites who live in that region." The country of Canaan no longer existed by this time. She was a part of a people group that lived near the cities of Tyre and Sidon. -## answered her not a word ## +# Have mercy on me -"said nothing" \ No newline at end of file +This phrase implies that she is requesting that Jesus heal her daughter. AT: "Have mercy and heal my daughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Son of David + +Jesus was not David's literal son, so this may be translated as "Descendant of David." However, "Son of David" is also a title for the Messiah, and the woman may have been calling Jesus by this title. + +# My daughter is severely demon-possessed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a demon is controlling my daughter terribly" or "a demon is tormenting my daughter severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# answered her not a word + +Here "word" refers to what a person says. AT: "said nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/24.md b/mat/15/24.md index f0dea6e2c7..b5093b5c06 100644 --- a/mat/15/24.md +++ b/mat/15/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus healing the daughter of a Canaanite woman. +# I was not sent to anyone -## she came ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God did not send me to anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to the lost sheep of the house of Israel + +This is a metaphor comparing the entire nation of Israel to sheep who have strayed from their shepherd. See how you translated this in [Matthew 10:6](../10/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# she came "the Canaanite woman came" -## the children's bread...the little dogs ## +# bowed down before him -"what properly belongs to the Jews...the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This shows that the woman is humbling herself before Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# It is not right to take the children's bread and throw it to the little dogs + +Jesus responds to the woman with a proverb. The basic meaning is that it is not right to take what is supposed to belong to Jews and give it to non-Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# the children's bread + +Here "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "the children's food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the little dogs + +The Jews considered dogs to be unclean animals. Here they are used as an image for non-Jews. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/27.md b/mat/15/27.md index b2918c409b..1f9aee903e 100644 --- a/mat/15/27.md +++ b/mat/15/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus healing the daughter of a Canaanite woman. +# even the little dogs eat some of the crumbs that fall from their masters' tables -## even the little dogs eat some of the crumbs that fall from their masters' tables ## +The woman responds by using the same imagery as Jesus used in the proverb he just spoke. She means non-Jews should be able to have a small amount of the good things Jews are throwing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The Gentiles should be able to have a small amount of the good things the Jews are throwing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# little dogs -## her daughter was healed ## +Use words here for dogs of any size that people keep as pets. See how you translated this in [Matthew 15:26](./24.md). -"Jesus healed her daughter" or "Jesus made her daughter well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# let it be done -## at that hour ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"at exactly the same time" or "immediately" \ No newline at end of file +# At that hour + +This is an idiom. AT: "at exactly the same time" or "immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# her daughter was healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus healed her daughter" or "her daughter became well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/29.md b/mat/15/29.md index 5fba486e5d..12c7750ce0 100644 --- a/mat/15/29.md +++ b/mat/15/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -This begins the account of Jesus healing people in a large crowd in Galilee. +# General Information: -## lame, blind, mute, and crippled people ## +These verses give background information about the miracle that Jesus is about to perform by feeding four thousand people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]). -"people who could not walk, some who could not see, some who could not talk, and others whose arms and legs had been hurt." Some early texts have these words in different order. +# lame, blind, mute, and crippled people -## They presented them at Jesus' feet ## +"those who could not walk, those who could not see, those who could not talk, and those whose arms or legs did not function" -"The crowds brought the sick to Jesus" \ No newline at end of file +# They presented them at Jesus' feet + +Here "feet" means they placed the sick in front of Jesus. AT: "The crowds brought the sick people to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the crippled made well + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the crippled become well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the crippled ... the lame ... the blind + +These nominal adjectives can be stated as adjectives. AT: "the crippled persons ... the lame persons ... the blind persons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/32.md b/mat/15/32.md index faddb729d1..62d3065144 100644 --- a/mat/15/32.md +++ b/mat/15/32.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus feeding that large crowd in Galilee. +# Connecting Statement: -## lest they faint ## +This begins the account of Jesus feeding four thousand people with seven loaves of bread and a few small fish. -Possible meanings: 1) "for fear that they lose consciousness temporarily" or 2) "for fear that they become weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# or they may faint on the way -## sit ## +"because they might faint on the way" + +# Where can we get enough loaves of bread in such a deserted place to satisfy so large a crowd? + +The disciples use a question to state that there is nowhere to get food for the crowd. AT: "There is nowhere nearby that we can get enough bread for such a large crowd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Seven, and a few small fish + +The understood information can be made clear. AT: "Seven loaves of bread, and a few small fish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# sit down on the ground Use your language's word for how people customarily eat when there is no table, whether sitting or lying down. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/36.md b/mat/15/36.md index fd135184e9..28b9ade6f6 100644 --- a/mat/15/36.md +++ b/mat/15/36.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus feeding that large crowd in Galilee. +# He took -## He took ## +"Jesus held in his hands." He did not steal them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"Jesus took." Translate this as you did in [Matthew 14:19](../14/19.md). +# he broke the loaves -## gave them ## +"he tore the loaves" -"gave the loaves of bread and the fish" +# gave them -## they gathered ## +"gave the bread and the fish" -"the disciples gathered" +# they gathered -## Those who ate ## +"the disciples gathered" or "some people gathered" + +# Those who ate "The people who ate" -## the region ## +# four thousand men -"a part of the country" +"4,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Magadan ## +# the region -sometimes called "Magdala" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the area" + +# Magadan + +This region is sometimes called "Magdala." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/15/intro.md b/mat/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a27887eb9d --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Matthew 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 15:8-9, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Traditions" ##### + +The "traditions of the elders," that is, the oral laws, are an important concept in this chapter. These were the rules that the religious leaders among the Jews developed in order to ensure that the Law of Moses was obeyed. However, these rules often became more important in practice than the Law of Moses itself. Jesus rebuked the religious leaders for this, and they became angry as a result. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Jews and Gentiles ##### + +The Canaanite woman's trust in Jesus contrasted great with the Jewish leaders' refusal to accept him. This contrast served as a strong rebuke of those leaders. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Sheep ##### + +People are often pictured as sheep in scripture. In this chapter, the image of sheep illustrates that the Jews were spiritually lost without a proper leader to guide them. + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/01.md b/mat/16/01.md index 384f2b39d3..e3af285c1c 100644 --- a/mat/16/01.md +++ b/mat/16/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -This begins an encounter between Jesus and the religious leaders. +# General Information: -## heaven...heaven ## +This begins an encounter between Jesus and the Pharisees and Sadducees. -The Jewish leaders were asking for a sign from God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]), but Jesus told them to look at the sky they could see. Use the same word for both where God lives and the sky only if the readers will understand the different meanings. +# tested him -## When it is evening ## +Here "tested" is used in a negative sense. AT: "challenged him" or "wanted to trap him" -the time of day when the sun is setting +# When it is evening -## fair weather ## +The situation can be stated more clearly. AT: "If the sky is red in the evening" or "If the sky is red when the sun is setting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -clear and calm, pleasant +# When it is evening -## heaven is red ## +"When the sun is setting" -the sky is bright and clear with a red sunset. \ No newline at end of file +# fair weather + +This means clear, calm, and pleasant weather. + +# for the sky is red + +As the sun is setting, Jews knew that if the color of the sky changes to red, it is a sign the next day will be clear and calm. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/03.md b/mat/16/03.md index e92094671d..ea30bfd648 100644 --- a/mat/16/03.md +++ b/mat/16/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,39 @@ -This continues the encounter between Jesus and the religious leaders. +# Connecting Statement: -## foul weather ## +Jesus continues his response to the Pharisees and Sadducees. -"cloudy and stormy weather" +# When it is morning -## lowering ## +The situation can be stated more clearly. AT: "If the sky is red in the morning" or "If the sky is red when the sun is rising" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"dark and threatening" +# foul weather -## no sign will be given to it ## +"cloudy, stormy weather" -AT: "God will give to you people no sign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# red and overcast + +"red and cloudy" + +# You know how to interpret the appearance of the sky + +"You know how to look at the sky and understand what kind of weather you will have" + +# but you cannot interpret the signs of the times + +"but you do not know how to look at what is happening right now and understand what it means" + +# An evil and adulterous generation + +Here "adulterous" is a metaphor for people who are not faithful to God. See how you translated this in [Matthew 12:39](../12/38.md). AT: "unfaithful generation" or "godless generation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seeks for a sign + +This request angers Jesus because of the religious leaders skeptical attitude about Jesus. He had already performed many miracles, but they still did not believe him. See how you translated this in [Matthew 12:39](../12/38.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# no sign will be given to it + +This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Matthew 12:39](../12/38.md). AT: "God will not give a sign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# except the sign of Jonah + +"except the same sign God gave to Jonah the prophet." See how you translated this in [Matthew 12:39](../12/38.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/05.md b/mat/16/05.md index 31408e854c..df95126252 100644 --- a/mat/16/05.md +++ b/mat/16/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Jesus warns his disciples after his encounter with the religious leaders. +# Connecting Statement: -## yeast ## +Here the scene shifts to a later time. Jesus uses an opportunity to warn his disciples about the Pharisees and Sadducees. -evil ideas and wrong teaching (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# the other side -## reason ## +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "the other side of the lake" or "the other side of the Sea of Galilee" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -"argue" or " dispute" \ No newline at end of file +# the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees + +Here "yeast" is a metaphor that refers to evil ideas and wrong teaching. Translate as "yeast" here and do not explain its meaning in your translation. This meaning will be made clear in 16:12. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# reasoned among themselves + +"discussed with each other" + +# You of little faith + +"You who have such little faith." Jesus is scolding the people because they have little faith in God. See how you translated this in [Matthew 6:30](../06/30.md). + +# why do you reason ... taken no bread? + +Jesus uses a question to rebuke his disciples for not understanding what he just said. AT: "I am disappointed that you think it was because you forgot to bring bread that I talked about the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/09.md b/mat/16/09.md index f31ac8f1ca..3aa5988022 100644 --- a/mat/16/09.md +++ b/mat/16/09.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Jesus warns his disciples after his encounter with the religious leaders. +# Connecting Statement: -## Do you not yet perceive nor remember the five loaves for the five thousand and how many baskets you gathered up? Nor the seven loaves for the four thousand, and how many baskets you took up? ## +Jesus continues to warn his disciples about the Pharisees and Sadducees. -Jesus is scolding them. AT: "You should have understood and remembered the 5 loaves for the 5000 and how many baskets you gathered up! You should also have remembered the 7 loaves for the 4,000 and how many baskets you took up!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Do you not yet perceive or remember ... you gathered up? + +Jesus uses a question to rebuke the disciples. AT: "Surely you remember ... you gathered up!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# five thousand ... four thousand + +"5,000 ... 4,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Or the seven loaves ... you took up? + +"Do you also not remember the seven loaves ... you took up?" Jesus uses a question to rebuke his disciples. AT: "Surely you also remember the seven loaves ... you took up!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/11.md b/mat/16/11.md index 239b13c38e..0762a07d1b 100644 --- a/mat/16/11.md +++ b/mat/16/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus warns his disciples after his encounter with the religious leaders. +# Connecting Statement: -## How is it that you do not understand that I was not speaking to you about bread? ## +Jesus continues to warn his disciples about the Pharisees and Sadducees. -"You should have understood that I was not really speaking about bread." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# How is it that you do not understand that I was not speaking to you about bread? -## yeast ## +Jesus uses this question to rebuke the disciples. AT: "You should have understood that I was not really speaking about bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -evil ideas and wrong teaching (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees -## they...them ## +Here "yeast" represents evil ideas and wrong teaching. Translate as "yeast" and do not explain the meaning in your translation. In 16:12 the disciples will understand the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"the disciples" \ No newline at end of file +# they ... them + +These refer to the disciples. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/13.md b/mat/16/13.md index 4b923679c8..be983d8f78 100644 --- a/mat/16/13.md +++ b/mat/16/13.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Peter acknowledges that Jesus is the Son of God. +# Connecting Statement: -## But who say you that I am? ## +Here the scene shifts to a later time. Jesus asks his disciples if they understand who he is. -"But it is you I am asking: who do you say that I am?" \ No newline at end of file +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline or to introduce a new person. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is referring to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the Son of the living God + +This is an important title for Jesus that shows his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the living God + +Here "living" contrasts the God of Israel to all the false gods and idols that people worshiped. Only the God of Israel is alive and has power to act. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/17.md b/mat/16/17.md index 710774933c..bab2c56cb7 100644 --- a/mat/16/17.md +++ b/mat/16/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -Jesus responds to Peter's acknowledgment that Jesus is the Son of God. +# Simon Bar Jonah -## Simon Bar Jonah ## +"Simon, son of Jonah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -"Simon, son of Jonah" +# flesh and blood have not revealed -## flesh and blood have not revealed this to you ## +Here "flesh and blood" refers to a human being. AT: "a human did not reveal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -"no human being has revealed this to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# this to you -## the gates of Hades will not prevail against it ## +Here "this" refers to Peter's statement that Jesus is the Christ and the Son of the Living God. -Possible meanings: 1) "the powers of death will not overcome it" (see UDB) or 2) it will break down the power of death the way an army breaks into a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# but my Father who is in heaven + +The understood information can be made clear. AT: "but it was my Father in heaven who revealed this to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# I also say to you + +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# you are Peter + +The name Peter means "rock." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# upon this rock I will build my church + +Here "build my church" is a metaphor for uniting the people who believe in Jesus into a community. Possible meanings are 1) "this rock" represents Peter, or 2) "this rock" represents the truth that Peter had just said in [Matthew 16:16](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The gates of Hades will not prevail against it + +Here "Hades" is spoken of as if it were a city surrounded by walls with gates that keep dead people in and other people out. Here "Hades" represents death, and its "gates" represent its power. Possible meanings are 1) "the powers of death will not overcome my church" or 2) "my church will break down the power of death the way an army breaks into a city." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/19.md b/mat/16/19.md index d82134ccec..c653c9179e 100644 --- a/mat/16/19.md +++ b/mat/16/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Jesus responds to Peter's statement that Jesus is the Son of God. +# I will give to you -## keys of the kingdom of heaven ## +Here "you" is singular and refers to Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -the ability to open the way for people to become the people of God the way a servant would welcome guests into a house (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# the keys of the kingdom of heaven -## bind on earth...loosed in heaven ## +Keys are objects that are used to lock or unlock doors. Here they represent authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -to declare people forgiven or condemned as it is also done in heaven (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the kingdom of heaven + +This refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bind on earth shall be bound in heaven ... loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven + +This metaphor means that God in heaven will approve of what Peter allows or forbids on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# shall be bound ... shall be loosed + +These can be stated in active form. AT: "God will bind ... God will loose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/21.md b/mat/16/21.md index edef34fc10..2800f25fdb 100644 --- a/mat/16/21.md +++ b/mat/16/21.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -Jesus begins to tell his disciples the cost of following him. +# Connecting Statement: -## From that time ## +Jesus foretells his death and begins to tell his disciples what it will cost to follow him. -After Jesus commanded his disciples not to tell anyone that he was the Christ, he began sharing God's plan for himself. +# From that time -## be killed, ## +After Jesus commanded his disciples not to tell anyone that he was the Christ, he began sharing with them what must happen in Jerusalem. -AT: "they would kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# suffer many things at the hand of the elders and chief priests and scribes -## be raised back to life on the third day ## +Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "where the elders, chief priests, and scribes will cause him to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"on the third day, God would make him alive again" \ No newline at end of file +# be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be raised back to life on the third day + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "on the third day, God would make him alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# third day + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# May this be far from you + +This is an idiom that means "may this never happen." AT: "No" or "Never" or "May God forbid this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me + +Jesus means that Peter is acting like Satan because Peter is trying to prevent Jesus from accomplishing what God sent him to do. AT: "Get behind me, because you are acting like Satan! You are a stumbling block to me" or "Get behind me, Satan! I call you Satan because you are a stumbling block to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Get behind me + +"Get away from me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/24.md b/mat/16/24.md index 2b85841891..c8c6fdd600 100644 --- a/mat/16/24.md +++ b/mat/16/24.md @@ -1,25 +1,47 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples the cost of following him. +# follow me -## follow me ## +Following Jesus here represents being one of his disciples. AT: "be my disciple" or "be one of my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"come with me as a disciple" +# must deny himself -## deny himself ## +"must not give in to his own desires" or "must forsake his own desires" -"not give in to his own desires" or "forsake his own desires." +# take up his cross, and follow me -## take up his cross, and follow me ## +"carry his cross and follow me." The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. AT: "must obey me even to the point of suffering and dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"lift up his cross, carry it, and walk behind me," being willing to suffer and die the way Christ did (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# and follow me -## For whoever wants ## +Following Jesus here represents obeying him. AT: "and obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For whoever wants "For anyone who wants" -## if he gains the whole world ## +# will lose it -"if he gains everything in the world" +This does not mean the person must necessarily die. It is a metaphor that means the person will consider obeying Jesus as being more important than his own life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but forfeits his life ## +# for my sake -"he himself is lost or destroyed" \ No newline at end of file +"because he trusts me" or "on my account" or "because of me" + +# will find it + +This metaphor means the person will experience spiritual life with God. AT: "will find true life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For what does it profit a person ... his life? + +Jesus uses a question to teach his disciples. AT: "It does not profit a person ... his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# if he gains the whole world + +The words "the whole world" are an exaggeration for great riches. AT: "if he gains everything he desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# but forfeits his life + +"but he loses his life" + +# What can a person give in exchange for his life? + +Jesus uses a question to teach his disciples. AT: "There is nothing that a person can give to regain his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/27.md b/mat/16/27.md index 5a4a9c578b..79c0c25032 100644 --- a/mat/16/27.md +++ b/mat/16/27.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples the cost of following him. +# the Son of Man ... his Father ... Then he -## will not taste death until they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom ## +Here Jesus refers to himself in the third person. AT: "I, the Son of man ... my Father ... Then I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -"will see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom before they die" +# in the glory of his Father -## will not taste death ## +"having the same glory as his Father" -"will not experience death" or" will not die" +# with his angels -## the Son of Man coming in his kingdom ## +"and the angels will be with him." If you translate the first part of the sentence with Jesus speaking in the first person, you can translate this as "and my Father's angels will be with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -Jesus was referring to himself in the third person. AT:"until they see me coming in my kingdom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file +# his Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and the Son of Man, Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# you + +All occurrences of this word are plural and refer to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# will not taste death + +Here "taste" means to experience. AT: "will not experience death" or" will not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# until they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom + +Here "kingdom" refers to the Son of Man ruling as king. AT: "until they see the Son of Man coming to rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# until they see + +Jesus is still talking about the disciples. AT: "until you see" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/16/intro.md b/mat/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..889548fdb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Matthew 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Bread ##### + +Bread is a special image in 16:5-12. Jesus used his disciples' discussion about bread to warn them against the teachings of the Pharisees and Sadducees. He spoke of these teachings as if they were yeast, the ingredient that causes bread to rise before it is baked. + +At the same time, the mention of bread in this chapter is meant to remind the readers that Jesus fed the five thousand with bread (see: [Matthew 14:13-21](../14/13.md)) and also the four thousand (see: [Matthew 15:29-39](../15/29.md)). The implication is that Jesus gives good "bread" (teaching), but that the Pharisees and Sadducees do not. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +[Matthew 16:21](./21.md) forms a break in the narrative. At this point, Matthew makes a comment about Jesus' actions that will extend into the future. It is important that the translator clearly signal that this comment is about the future, embedded in the narrative. + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd, that appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "Whoever wants to save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it" ([Matthew 16:24-28](./24.md)). + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/01.md b/mat/17/01.md index 9ac03afe6f..395955adb3 100644 --- a/mat/17/01.md +++ b/mat/17/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Jesus shows his glory to three of his disciples. +# General Information: -## Peter, and James, and John his brother ## +This begins the account of Jesus' transfiguration. + +# Peter, James, and John his brother "Peter, James, and James's brother John" -## He was transfigured ## +# He was transfigured -"God completely changed Jesus' appearance" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God completely changed Jesus' appearance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## garments ## +# garments "clothing" -## became as brilliant as the light ## +# His face shone like the sun, and his garments became as brilliant as the light -"shone brightly like light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are similes that emphasize how bright Jesus' appearance became. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/03.md b/mat/17/03.md index 2e50e683b0..120292d895 100644 --- a/mat/17/03.md +++ b/mat/17/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus showing his glory to three of his disciples. - -## Behold ## +# Behold This word alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## to them ## +# to them -to the disciples who were with Jesus +This refers to Peter, James, and John. -## answered and said ## +# with him + +"with Jesus" + +# answered and said "said." Peter is not responding to a question. -## it is good for us to be here ## +# it is good for us to be here -Possible meanings: 1) "it is good that we disciples are here with you, Moses, and Elijah" or 2) "it is good that you, Moses, Elijah, and we disciples are all here together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +It is not clear whether "us" refers only to Peter, James, and John, or if it refers to everyone there, including Jesus, Elijah, and Moses. If you can translate so that both options are possible, do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## shelters ## +# shelters -Possible meanings: 1) places for people to come for worship (see UDB) or 2) temporary places for people to sleep. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) places for people to come for worship or 2) temporary places for people to sleep. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/05.md b/mat/17/05.md index be45c804e6..52bf3a24ce 100644 --- a/mat/17/05.md +++ b/mat/17/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus showing his glory to three of his disciples. - -## behold ## +# behold This alerts the reader to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## they fell on their face ## +# overshadowed them -"the disciples bowed with their faces on the ground" \ No newline at end of file +"came over them" + +# there was a voice out of the cloud + +Here "voice" refers to God speaking. AT: "God spoke to them from out of the cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the disciples heard it + +"the disciples heard God speak" + +# they fell on their face + +"they fell to the ground" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/09.md b/mat/17/09.md index 8860afc463..144643966f 100644 --- a/mat/17/09.md +++ b/mat/17/09.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus showing his glory to three of his disciples. +# Connecting Statement: -## As they ## +The following events happen immediately after the three disciples witness Jesus' transfiguration. -"As Jesus and the disciples" \ No newline at end of file +# As they + +"As Jesus and the disciples" + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Why then do the scribes say that Elijah must come first? + +The disciples are referring to the belief that Elijah will come back to life and return to the people of Israel before the Messiah comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/11.md b/mat/17/11.md index 6feca35a69..1e351b96b8 100644 --- a/mat/17/11.md +++ b/mat/17/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus showing his glory to three of his disciples. Jesus is answering the question in [Matthew 17:9](./09.md). +# restore all things -## restore all things ## +"put things in order" or "get the people ready to receive the Messiah" -"put things in order" +# But I tell you -## they...they...they ## +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -Possible meanings: 1) the Jewish leaders (see UDB) or 2) all the Jewish people. \ No newline at end of file +# they ... their + +All occurrences of these words may mean either 1) the Jewish leaders or 2) all the Jewish people. + +# the Son of Man will also suffer at their hands + +Here "hands" refers to power. AT: "they will make the Son of Man suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Son of Man + +Jesus is referring to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/14.md b/mat/17/14.md index 4f53b84bd0..be8bef6356 100644 --- a/mat/17/14.md +++ b/mat/17/14.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -This begins an account of Jesus healing a boy who had an evil spirit. +# Connecting Statement: -## is epileptic ## +This begins an account of Jesus healing a boy who had an evil spirit. These events happen immediately after Jesus and his disciples descend from the mountain. -sometimes becomes unconscious and moves uncontrollably \ No newline at end of file +# have mercy on my son + +It is implied that the man wants Jesus to heal his son. AT: "have mercy on my son and heal him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# is epileptic + +This means he sometimes had seizures. He would become unconscious and move uncontrollably. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/17.md b/mat/17/17.md index c84abf35cd..c747c01757 100644 --- a/mat/17/17.md +++ b/mat/17/17.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus healing a boy who had an evil spirit. +# Unbelieving and corrupt generation, how -## how long will I have to stay with you? How long must I bear with you? ## +"This generation does not believe in God and does not know what is right or wrong. How" -Jesus is unhappy with the people. AT: "I am tired of being with you! I am tired of your unbelief and corruption!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# how long will I have to stay with you? How long must I bear with you? + +These questions show Jesus is unhappy with the people. AT: "I am tired of being with you! I am tired of your unbelief and corruption!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the boy was healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the boy became well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from that hour + +This is an idiom. AT: "immediately" or "at that moment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/19.md b/mat/17/19.md index 5b7f230920..e1e7ec9644 100644 --- a/mat/17/19.md +++ b/mat/17/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus healing a boy who had an evil spirit. +# we -## we ## +Here "we" refers to the speakers but not the hearers and so is exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -the speakers, but not the hearers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +# Why could we not cast it out? -## cast it out ## +"Why could we not make the demon come out of the boy?" -"make the demon come out" +# For I truly say to you -## Nothing will be impossible for you to do ## +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -"you will be able to do anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +# if you have faith even as small as a grain of mustard seed + +Jesus compares the size of a mustard seed to the amount of faith needed to do a miracle. A mustard seed is very small, but it grows into a large plant. Jesus means it only takes a small amount of faith to do a great miracle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# nothing will be impossible for you + +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "you will be able to do anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/22.md b/mat/17/22.md index d412e3f682..d7d45f59de 100644 --- a/mat/17/22.md +++ b/mat/17/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples in Galilee. +# Connecting Statement: -## they stayed ## +Here the scene shifts momentarily, and Jesus foretells his death and resurrection a second time. -"the disciples and Jesus were staying" +# they stayed -## The Son of Man will be delivered over ## +"Jesus and his disciples stayed" -AT: "Someone will deliver the Son of Man over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# The Son of Man will be delivered -## they will kill him ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone will deliver the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"the authorities will kill the Son of Man" +# The Son of Man ... him ... he -## he will be raised up ## +Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -"God will raise him up" or "he will come back to life again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# delivered + +"given" + +# into the hands of people + +Here "hands" refers to power or control. AT: "to the control of the people" or "to the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# third day + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# he will be raised up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will raise him up" or "he will come back to life again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/24.md b/mat/17/24.md index e5216f069c..09fba0e2a3 100644 --- a/mat/17/24.md +++ b/mat/17/24.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -This begins an account of Jesus paying the temple tax. +# Connecting Statement: -## When they ## +Here the scene shifts again to a later time when Jesus teaches Peter about paying the temple tax. -when Jesus and his disciples +# When they -## half-shekel tax ## +"When Jesus and his disciples" -shekel tax** - a tax on all Jewish males that was first given as an offering to the Lord (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +# the half-shekel tax -## the house ## +This was a tax that Jewish men paid to support the temple in Jerusalem. AT: "the temple tax" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -the place where Jesus was staying. +# the house -## The kings on earth ## +"the place where Jesus was staying" -leaders in general +# What do you think, Simon? The kings on earth, from whom do they receive tax or tribute? From their subjects or from foreigners? -## subjects ## +Jesus asks these questions to teach Simon, not to gain information for himself. AT: "Listen, Simon. We know that when kings collect taxes, they collect it from foreigners rather than their own citizens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# kings on earth + +This refers to leaders in general. + +# subjects people under a ruler or king \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/26.md b/mat/17/26.md index f087e54d30..c4e784c258 100644 --- a/mat/17/26.md +++ b/mat/17/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,43 @@ -This begins an account of Jesus paying the temple tax. +# Connecting Statement: -## subjects ## +Jesus continues to teach Peter about paying the temple tax. -People under a ruler or king. +# General Information: -## its mouth ## +This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 13:54](../13/54.md), where the writer tells of continued opposition to Jesus' ministry and teaching about the kingdom of heaven. + +# When Peter said, "From foreigners," Jesus said + +If you translated Jesus' questions as statements in [Matthew 17:25](./24.md), you may need to give an alternate response here. You could also state it as an indirect quotation. AT: "When Peter said, 'Yes, that is correct. Kings collect taxes from foreigners,' Jesus said" or "After Peter agreed with Jesus, Jesus said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# From foreigners + +In modern times, leaders usually tax their own citizens. But, in ancient times, the leaders often taxed the people they had conquered rather than their own citizens. + +# subjects + +people under a ruler or king + +# But so that we do not cause the tax collectors to sin, go + +"But we do not want to make the tax collectors angry. So, go." + +# throw in a hook + +Fishermen tied hooks to the end of a line, then threw it in the water to catch fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# its mouth "the fish's mouth" -## Take it ## +# a shekel -"take the shekel" \ No newline at end of file +a silver coin worth four days' wages (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# Take it + +"Take the shekel" + +# for me and you + +Here "you" is singular and refers to Peter. Each man had to pay a half shekel tax. So one shekel would be enough for Jesus and Peter to pay their taxes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/17/intro.md b/mat/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6f99b90429 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Matthew 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Elijah ##### + +The prophet Malachi prophesied that one day Elijah would return before the Messiah came. Jesus explains that John the Baptist fulfilled this prophecy by serving God in the same manner as Elijah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +##### "He [Jesus] was transfigured" ##### + +The glory of God is seen as a great, brilliant light in scripture. God's grandeur always produces fear in the person who sees it. Such an event, presented in this chapter, is called the "transfiguration," in which Jesus is changed or transfigured so that he shows some of his divine glory. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/01.md b/mat/18/01.md index 9759a0b0fa..808309d5b5 100644 --- a/mat/18/01.md +++ b/mat/18/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,27 @@ -Jesus uses a little child as an example for the disciples. +# General Information: -## become like little children ## +This is the beginning of a new part of the story that runs through [Matthew 18:35](./34.md), where Jesus teaches about life in the kingdom of heaven. Here, Jesus uses a little child to teach the disciples. -"think the way little children do" (See: [Matthew 18:4](./04.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Who is greatest + +"Who is the most important" or "Who among us will be the most important" + +# in the kingdom of heaven + +The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "in God's kingdom" or "when our God in heaven establishes his rule on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# unless you turn ... you will in no way enter + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you must change ... in order to enter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# become like little children + +Jesus uses a simile to teach the disciples that they should not be concerned with who is most important. They should be concerned with becoming humble like a child. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# enter the kingdom of heaven + +The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "enter God's kingdom" or "belong to our God in heaven when he establishes his rule on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/04.md b/mat/18/04.md index 7245db726c..bceeef8517 100644 --- a/mat/18/04.md +++ b/mat/18/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to use a little child as an example for the disciples. +# Connecting Statement: -## whoever humbles himself like this little child ## +Jesus continues teaching the disciples that they need to be humble like a child if they want to be important in God's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -"whoever humbles himself in the same manner this little child is humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# is the greatest -## a great millstone should be hung about his neck, and that he should be sunk into the depths of the sea ## +"is the most important" or "will be the most important" -"if they were to put a millstone around his neck and throw him into the deep sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# in the kingdom of heaven -## millstone ## +The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "in God's kingdom" or "when our God in heaven establishes his rule on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -a large, heavy stone shaped like a circle used for grinding wheat grain into flour. AT: "a heavy stone." \ No newline at end of file +# in my name + +Here "my name" refers to the entire person. AT: "because of me" or "because he is my disciple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# receives me + +Jesus means it is the same as welcoming him. AT: "it is like he is welcoming me" or "it is as if he were welcoming me" + +# a great millstone should be hung about his neck, and that he should be sunk into the depths of the sea + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if someone put a great millstone around his neck and threw him into the deep sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# millstone + +This is a large, heavy, circular stone used for grinding wheat grain into flour. AT: "a heavy stone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/07.md b/mat/18/07.md index 1cd17efcee..23a1981122 100644 --- a/mat/18/07.md +++ b/mat/18/07.md @@ -1,5 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to use a little child as an example for the disciples. +# Connecting Statement: -## your hand ## +Jesus continues to use a little child to teach the disciples and warns against the terrible consequences of causing children to sin. -Jesus speaks to his hearers as though they are one person. \ No newline at end of file +# to the world + +Here "world" refers to people. AT: "to the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because of times of stumbling + +Here "stumbling" is a metaphor for sin. AT: "because of the things that cause people to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that those times come + +"that those things come that cause people to sin" + +# the person through whom those times come + +"any person who causes others to sin" + +# If your hand or your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off and throw it away from you + +Jesus exaggerates here to emphasize that a person must do anything necessary to remove from their lives what causes them to sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# your ... you + +All occurrences of these words are singular. Jesus is speaking to all people in general. It may be more natural for your language to translate with a plural "you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# into life + +"into eternal life" + +# than to be thrown into the eternal fire having two hands or two feet + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "than to have both hands and feet when God throws you into the eternal fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/09.md b/mat/18/09.md index 4b9edbf6ba..ee2b37199e 100644 --- a/mat/18/09.md +++ b/mat/18/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to use a little child as an example for the disciples. +# If your eye causes you to stumble, pluck it out and throw it away from you -## pluck it out and throw it away ## +The command to destroy the eye, perhaps the most important part of the body, is probably an exaggeration for his hearers doing anything necessary to remove from their lives anything they consider important causes them to sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -This phrase shows the seriousness of unbelief and the necessity to avoid it at all costs. +# causes you to stumble -## enter into life ## +Here "stumble" is a metaphor for sin. AT: "causes you to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"enter into eternal life" \ No newline at end of file +# your ... you + +All occurrences of these words are singular. Jesus is speaking to all people in general. It may be more natural for your language to translate with a plural "you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# into life + +"into eternal life" + +# than to be thrown into the eternal fire having both eyes + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "than to have both eyes when God throws you into the eternal fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/10.md b/mat/18/10.md index 6aaf707b35..66695d53cb 100644 --- a/mat/18/10.md +++ b/mat/18/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to use a little child as an example for the disciples. +# See that -## despise ## +"Be careful that" or "Be sure that" -"strongly dislike" or "think of as unimportant" +# you do not despise any of these little ones -## their angels ## +"you do not think of these little ones as being unimportant." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you show respect to these little ones" -"the angels of the children" +# For I say to you -## always look on the face of ## +This add emphasis to what Jesus says next. -"are always close to" \ No newline at end of file +# that in heaven their angels always look on the face of my Father who is in heaven + +Jewish teachers taught that only the most important angels could be in God's presence. Jesus means that the most important angels speak to God about these little ones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# always look on the face of my Father + +This is an idiom that means they are in God's presence. AT: "are always close to my Father" or "are always in the presence of my Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/12.md b/mat/18/12.md index cbd23cf54a..597a41bf7c 100644 --- a/mat/18/12.md +++ b/mat/18/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to use a little child as an example for the disciples. +# Connecting Statement: -## What do you think? ## +Jesus continues to use a little child to teach the disciples and tells a parable to explain God's care for people. -Think of how people act." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# What do you think? -## does he not leave...and go off seeking...? ## +Jesus uses this question to get people's attention. AT: "Think of how people act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"he will always leave...and go off seeking..." +# you ... your -## ninety-nine ## +All occurrences of these words are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -nine** - "99" +# If anyone ... that did not go astray -## it is not the will of your Father in heaven that one of these little ones should perish ## +Jesus uses a parable to teach his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -"Your Father in heaven wants all of these little ones to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +# a hundred ... ninety-nine + +"100 ... 99" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# does he not leave ... astray? + +Jesus uses a question to teach his disciples. AT: "he will always leave ... astray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# it is not the will of your Father in heaven that one of these little ones should perish + +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "Your Father in heaven wants all of these little ones to live" + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/15.md b/mat/18/15.md index c87a733d17..7ec5a6fd19 100644 --- a/mat/18/15.md +++ b/mat/18/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Jesus begins to teach about repentance and forgiveness. +# Connecting Statement: -## you will have gained your brother ## +Jesus begins to teach his disciples about forgiveness and reconciliation. -"you will have made your relationship with your brother good again" +# your brother -## by the mouth ## +This refers to a fellow believer in God, not a physical brother. -by the words of the witnesses that come "out of the mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# you will have gained your brother + +"you will have made your relationship with your fellow believer good again" + +# so that by the mouth of two or three witnesses every word might be verified + +Here "mouth" and "word" refer to what a person says. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that two or three witnesses may verify that what you say about your fellow believer is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the mouth of two or three witnesses every word might be verified + +Jesus is referring to one of the laws that Moses gave the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/17.md b/mat/18/17.md index f55d6c5062..afa641ea41 100644 --- a/mat/18/17.md +++ b/mat/18/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues to teach about repentance and forgiveness. +# if he refuses to listen to them -## to listen to them ## +"if your fellow believer refuses to listen to the witnesses who came with you" -listen to the witnesses ([Matthew 18:15](./15.md)) +# to the church -## let him be to you as a Gentile and a tax collector ## +"to the whole community of believers" -"treat him as you would treat a Gentile or tax collector" \ No newline at end of file +# let him be to you as a Gentile and a tax collector + +"treat him as you would treat a Gentile or tax collector." This implies that they should remove him from the community of believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/18.md b/mat/18/18.md index 13a8bc0023..cc55283415 100644 --- a/mat/18/18.md +++ b/mat/18/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples about repentance and forgiveness. +# Truly I say to you -## bind...bound...loose...loosed ## +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -See how you translated these in [Matthew 16:19](../16/19.md). +# you -## will be bound...shall be loosed ## +All occurrences of this word are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -AT: "God will bind...God will loose." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# bind ... bound ... release ... released -## they...them ## +This metaphor means that God in heaven will approve of what Peter allows or forbids on earth. See how you translated these in [Matthew 16:19](../16/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -the "two of you" +# will be bound ... will be released -## two or three ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will bind ... God will release" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"two or more" or "at least two" +# I say to you -## are gathered ## +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -"meet" \ No newline at end of file +# if two of you + +It is implied that Jesus means "if at least two of you" or "if two or more of you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they ... them + +These refer to the "two of you." AT: "you ... you" + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# two or three + +It is implied that Jesus means "two or more" or "at least two." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# are gathered + +"meet" + +# in my name + +Here "name" refers to the entire person. AT: "because of me" or "because they are my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/21.md b/mat/18/21.md index 6ccecb1a5c..fcb0e10905 100644 --- a/mat/18/21.md +++ b/mat/18/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -Jesus continues to teach about repentance and forgiveness. - -## seven times ## +# seven times "7 times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## seventy times seven ## +# seventy times seven -Possible meanings: 1) "70 times 7" (ULB) or 2) "77 times" (UDB). If using a number would be confusing, you can say, "more times than you can count" (see UDB and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]). \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "70 times 7" or 2) "77 times." If using a number would be confusing, you can translate it as "more times than you can count" or "you must always forgive him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/23.md b/mat/18/23.md index 89f05701c4..7d9af0be7b 100644 --- a/mat/18/23.md +++ b/mat/18/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Jesus uses a parable to teach about repentance and forgiveness. +# Connecting Statement: -## one servant was brought ## +Jesus uses a parable to teach about forgiveness and reconciliation. -AT: "someone brought one of the king's servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# the kingdom of heaven is similar -## ten thousand talents ## +This introduces a parable. See how you translated a similar parable introduction in [Matthew 13:24](../13/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -"10,000 talents" or "more money than the servant could ever repay" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +# to settle accounts with his servants -## his master commanded him to be sold,...and payment to be made ## +"his servants to pay him what they owed" -"the king commanded his servants to sell the man...and to pay the debt with the money from the sale" \ No newline at end of file +# one servant was brought + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone brought one of the king's servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# ten thousand talents + +"10,000 talents" or "more money than the servant could ever repay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# his master commanded him to be sold ... and payment to be made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the king commanded his servants to sell the man ... and to pay the debt with the money from the sale" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/26.md b/mat/18/26.md index 7f1d752d8a..682223a496 100644 --- a/mat/18/26.md +++ b/mat/18/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus uses a parable to teach about repentance and forgiveness. +# fell down, bowed down -## fell down, bowed down ## +This shows that the servant approached the king in the most humble way possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -"fell down on his knees, and bowed his head down" - -## before him ## +# before him "before the king" -## released him ## +# he was moved with compassion + +"he felt compassion for the servant" + +# released him "let him go" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/28.md b/mat/18/28.md index 923130def7..604fd6b789 100644 --- a/mat/18/28.md +++ b/mat/18/28.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Jesus uses a parable to teach about repentance and forgiveness. +# Connecting Statement: -## one hundred denarii ## +Jesus continues telling a parable to his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -"100 denarii" or "one hundred days' wages" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +# one hundred denarii -## grasped ## +"100 denarii" or "one hundred days' wages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -"took hold of" or "grabbed" (UDB) +# He grasped him -## fell down...Have patience with me, and I will repay you ## +"The first servant grasped his fellow servant" -Translate this as you translated "fell down...have patience with me, and I will pay you" in [Matthew 18:26](./26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +# grasped + +"took hold of" or "grabbed" + +# fell down + +This shows that the servant approached the king in the most humble way possible. See how you translated these phrases in [Matthew 18:26](./26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# and implored him + +"and begged him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/30.md b/mat/18/30.md index 8219df4b60..784b9ecee5 100644 --- a/mat/18/30.md +++ b/mat/18/30.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -Jesus uses a parable to teach about repentance and forgiveness. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus continues telling a parable to his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# he went and threw him into prison + +"the first servant went and threw his fellow servant into prison" + +# his fellow servants + +"other servants" + +# told their master + +"told the king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/32.md b/mat/18/32.md index 452bdcfebb..8eda96e432 100644 --- a/mat/18/32.md +++ b/mat/18/32.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Jesus uses a parable to teach about repentance and forgiveness. +# Connecting Statement: -## Then that servant's master called him ## +Jesus continues telling a parable to his disciple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# Then that servant's master called him "Then the king called the first servant" -## Should you not have ## +# you implored me -"You should have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +"you begged me" + +# Should you not have ... you? + +The king uses a question to scold the first servant. AT: "You should have ... you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/34.md b/mat/18/34.md index 8219df4b60..473674d296 100644 --- a/mat/18/34.md +++ b/mat/18/34.md @@ -1 +1,39 @@ -Jesus uses a parable to teach about repentance and forgiveness. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus concludes his parable about forgiveness and reconciliation. + +# General Information: + +This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 18:1](./01.md), where Jesus teaches about life in the kingdom of heaven. + +# His master + +"The king" + +# handed him over + +"gave him over." Most likely the king himself did not take the first servant to the torturers. AT: "he ordered his servants to give him over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to the torturers + +"to those who would torture him" + +# that was owed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the first servant owed the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my heavenly Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# to you ... your + +All occurrences of these words are plural. Jesus is speaking to his disciples, but this parable teaches a general truth that applies to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# his brother + +"your brother" + +# from your heart + +This is an idiom. AT: "sincerely" or "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/18/intro.md b/mat/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ae961df5db --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Matthew 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### What should you do if "your brother sins against you"? ##### + +In this chapter, Jesus teaches that it is important for his followers to end conflicts among themselves. He teaches that the local group of believers should be ready to help this to happen in a way that honors God. + +The church is also responsible for encouraging believers to repent if they sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/01.md b/mat/19/01.md index 006733c853..47ef8c0785 100644 --- a/mat/19/01.md +++ b/mat/19/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Jesus leaves Galilee and begins teaching in Judea. +# General Information: -## It came about that ## +This is the beginning of a new part of the story that runs through [Matthew 22:46](../22/45.md), which tells of Jesus ministering in Judea. -If your language has a way to mark the beginning of a new part of the story, consider using it here. +# General Information: -## these words ## +These verses provide background information of how Jesus came to be in Judea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -the words of [Matthew 18:1](../18/01.md) +# It came about that when -## departed from ## +This phrase shifts the story from Jesus' teachings to what happened next. AT: "Then" or "After" -"walked away from" or "left" +# had finished these words -## within the borders ## +Here "words" refers to what Jesus taught starting in [Matthew 18:1](../18/01.md). AT: "had finished teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"within the area" \ No newline at end of file +# departed from + +"walked away from" or "left" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/03.md b/mat/19/03.md index 86a6868694..c64d1538bd 100644 --- a/mat/19/03.md +++ b/mat/19/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus begins to teach about marriage and divorce. -## came to him ## +# came to him "came to Jesus" -## Have you not read...? ## +# testing him, saying to him -Jesus wants the Pharisees to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "tested" is used in a negative sense. AT: "and challenged him by asking him" or "and wanted to trap him by asking him" + +# Have you not read that he who made them from the beginning made them male and female? + +Jesus uses a question to respond to the Pharisees. AT: "Surely you have read that in the beginning when God created people he made them male and female" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/05.md b/mat/19/05.md index 61da3fd322..ebcfe50d9d 100644 --- a/mat/19/05.md +++ b/mat/19/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to teach about marriage and divorce. +# General Information: -## And that he said...? ## +In verse 5, Jesus quotes from Genesis to show that a husband and wife should not divorce. -This continues the question from [Matthew 19:3](./03.md): "Have you not also read that he said...?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# He who made them also said, 'For this reason ... flesh'? -## cleave to his wife ## +This is a continuation of the question that Jesus uses to respond to the Pharisees in [Matthew 19:3](./03.md). This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "And surely you know that God also said that this is the reason ... flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -"stay close to his wife" +# For this reason -## one flesh ## +This is a part of the quotation from Genesis story about Adam and Eve. In that context the reason a man will leave his father and mother is because God created a woman to be the man's companion. -"one person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# join to his wife + +"stay close to his wife" or "live with his wife" + +# the two will become one flesh + +This is a metaphor that emphasizes the unity of a husband and a wife. AT: "they will become like one person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So they are no longer two, but one flesh + +This is a metaphor that emphasizes the unity of a husband and a wife. AT: "So a husband and wife are no longer like two persons, but they are like one person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/07.md b/mat/19/07.md index 11c0afade3..56f8f538c7 100644 --- a/mat/19/07.md +++ b/mat/19/07.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to teach about marriage and divorce. +# They said to him -## They say to him ## +"The Pharisees said to Jesus" -"The Pharisees say to Jesus" - -## command us ## +# command us "command us Jews" -## certificate of divorce ## +# certificate of divorce -document that legally ends the marriage +This is a document that legally ends the marriage. -## from the beginning it was not that way ## +# For your hardness of heart -"when God created the man and woman he did not plan for them to ever divorce" +The phrase "hardness of heart" is a metaphor that means "stubbornness." AT: "Because you are stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## except for sexual immorality ## +# your hardness ... allowed you ... your wives -"except for sexual unfaithfulness" +Here "you" and "your" are plural. Jesus is speaking to the Pharisees, but Moses gave this command many years earlier to their ancestors. Moses' command applied to all Jewish men in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## and the man who marries a woman who is divorced commits adultery ## +# from the beginning -Many early texts do not include these words. \ No newline at end of file +Here "beginning" refers to when God first created man and woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I say to you + +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# marries another + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "marries another woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# and the man who marries a woman who is divorced commits adultery + +Many early texts do not include these words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/10.md b/mat/19/10.md index b498448d3d..1b852fac1b 100644 --- a/mat/19/10.md +++ b/mat/19/10.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to teach about marriage and divorce. +# who are allowed -## eunuchs who were so born from their mother's womb ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God allows" or "whom God enables" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"males born without working sex organs" +# For there are eunuchs who were that way from their mother's womb -## eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs ## +You can make explicit the implicit information. AT: "For there are different reasons that men do not marry. For instance, there are men who were born eunuchs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Possible meanings are 1) "eunuchs who have cut their sex organs off" or 2) "men who choose to remain unmarried and sexually pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +# there are eunuchs who were made eunuchs by men -## for the kingdom of heaven's sake ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "there are men whom other men have made eunuchs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"so they can serve God better" +# eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs -## receive this teaching...receive it ## +Possible meanings are 1) "men who have made themselves eunuchs by removing their private parts" or 2) "men who choose to remain unmarried and sexually pure." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -See how you translated "accept this teaching...accept it" in 19:11. \ No newline at end of file +# for the sake of the kingdom of heaven + +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "so they can better serve our God in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# receive this teaching ... receive it + +"accept this teaching ... accept it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/13.md b/mat/19/13.md index c52fd37322..83c7484fee 100644 --- a/mat/19/13.md +++ b/mat/19/13.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -People bring children to Jesus. +# Connecting Statement: -## some little children were brought to him ## +Jesus receives and blesses little children. -AT: “some people brought little children to Jesus.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# some little children were brought to him -## Permit ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "some people brought little children to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Permit "Allow" -## do not forbid them to come to me ## +# do not forbid them to come to me -“do not stop them from coming to me” +"do not stop them from coming to me" -## for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such ones ## +# for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such ones -“the kingdom of heaven belongs to people who are like these” or “only people who are like these little children can go into the kingdom of heaven” \ No newline at end of file +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "for when our God in heaven establishes his rule on earth, he will be king over such as these" or "for God will allow such as these into his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# belongs to such ones + +"belongs to those who are like children." This is a simile that means those who are humble like children will enter God's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/16.md b/mat/19/16.md index 82fcab328a..16a667d0f6 100644 --- a/mat/19/16.md +++ b/mat/19/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Jesus begins to teach about riches in the world and rewards in heaven. +# Connecting Statement: -## Behold ## +Here the scene shifts to a different time when Jesus explains to a rich man what it will cost to follow him. -The writer is bringing a new person into the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. +# Behold -## good thing ## +The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -thing that pleases God +# good thing -## Only one is good ## +This means a thing that pleases God. -"God alone is completely good" \ No newline at end of file +# Why do you ask me about what is good? + +Jesus uses a question to respond to the man. AT: "You should not ask me about what is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Only one is good + +"God alone is completely good" + +# to enter into life + +"to receive eternal life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/18.md b/mat/19/18.md index 84728b03c2..4fe407ee5f 100644 --- a/mat/19/18.md +++ b/mat/19/18.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -Jesus continues to teach about riches in the world and rewards in heaven. \ No newline at end of file +# love your neighbor + +The Jewish people believed that their neighbors are only those who are Jews. Jesus will extend that definition to include all people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/20.md b/mat/19/20.md index 2d1c487c3c..ed67a30611 100644 --- a/mat/19/20.md +++ b/mat/19/20.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues to teach about riches in the world and rewards in heaven. +# If you wish -## wish ## +"If you want" -"want" \ No newline at end of file +# to the poor + +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "to those who are poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# you will have treasure in heaven + +The phrase "treasure in heaven" is a metaphor that refers to a reward from God. AT: "God will reward you in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/23.md b/mat/19/23.md index 955c6944ce..90c2d2246e 100644 --- a/mat/19/23.md +++ b/mat/19/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to teach about riches in the world and rewards in heaven. +# Connecting Statement: -## it is easier for a camel to go through a needle's eye, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God ## +Jesus explains to his disciples the rewards of giving up material possessions and relationships to follow him. -It is very difficult for rich people to get into the kingdom of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# Truly I say to you -## the eye of a needle ## +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# to enter the kingdom of heaven + +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "to accept our God in heaven as their king" or "to enter God's kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it is easier ... kingdom of God + +Jesus uses an exaggeration to illustrate how very difficult it is for rich people to enter the kingdom of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the eye of a needle a hole in the end of a needle for passing thread through \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/25.md b/mat/19/25.md index 483bba86cb..6841d4a299 100644 --- a/mat/19/25.md +++ b/mat/19/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to teach about riches in the world and rewards in heaven. +# they were very astonished -## they were very astonished ## +"the disciples were amazed." It is implied that they were astonished because they believed having riches was proof that God approved of someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -" the disciples were amazed" +# Who then can be saved? -## Who then can be saved? ## +The disciples use a question to emphasize their surprise. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then there is no one whom God will save!" or "Then there is no one who will receive eternal life!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Possible meanings: 1) They were looking for an answer or 2) AT: "then no one can be saved!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# we have left everything -## we have left everything ## +"we have left all our wealth" or "we have given up all our possessions" -“we have left all our wealth” or “we have given up all our possessions” +# What then will we have? -## what then will we have ## - -"what good thing will God give us" \ No newline at end of file +"What good thing will God give us?" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/28.md b/mat/19/28.md index 5288e6a87a..c3cc72f9ab 100644 --- a/mat/19/28.md +++ b/mat/19/28.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples about riches in the world and rewards in heaven. +# Truly I say to you -## in the new birth ## +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -"at the time when all things are made new" or "in the new age" +# in the new age -## sit upon twelve thrones, judging ## +"in the new time." This refers to when God restores all things. AT: "at the time when God makes all things new" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"be kings and judges over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# sits on his glorious throne + +Sitting on his throne represents ruling as a king. His throne being glorious represents his rule being glorious. AT: "sits as king on his glorious throne" or "rules gloriously as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sit upon twelve thrones + +Here "thrones" refers to ruling as king. The disciples will not be equal to Jesus who is also on a throne. They will receive authority from him. AT: "sit as kings on 12 thrones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the twelve tribes of Israel + +Here "tribes" refers to people from those tribes. AT: "the people of the 12 tribes of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/29.md b/mat/19/29.md index 9e77f5e4a3..964405ee28 100644 --- a/mat/19/29.md +++ b/mat/19/29.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to teach about riches in the world and rewards in heaven. +# for my name's sake -## receive a hundredfold ## +Here "name" refers to the entire person. AT: "because of me" or "because he believes in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"receive a hundred times as many good things as they gave up" +# receive one hundred times -## many who are first now will be last ## +"receive from God 100 times as many good things as they gave up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -Many who are first in the world's eyes, such as those who are rich and those who rule others, will one day be last in the kingdom of God. \ No newline at end of file +# inherit eternal life + +This is an idiom that means "God will bless them with eternal life" or "God will cause them to live forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# But many who are first will be last, and the last will be first + +Jesus is comparing this age to the next age. Those who are important now, God will consider them unimportant when he establishes his rule on earth. Those who seem unimportant now, God will consider them important when he establishes his rule. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/19/intro.md b/mat/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5622330519 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Matthew 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jesus' teaching about divorce ##### + +In this chapter, Jesus teaches about divorce as a response to a challenge from Pharisees. Jesus bases his teaching on God's original intentions in creating marriage. Jesus implicitly shows the mistakes that the religious leaders made in their traditions about marriage. + + + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/01.md b/mat/20/01.md index c7894272a3..5eb33a013c 100644 --- a/mat/20/01.md +++ b/mat/20/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Jesus begins telling his disciples a parable about a man paying his workers. +# Connecting Statement: -## For the kingdom of heaven is like a landowner ## +Jesus tells a parable about a landowner who hires workers, to illustrate how God will reward those who belong to the kingdom of heaven. -God rules over everything like a landowner rules over his land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# For the kingdom of heaven is like -## the kingdom of heaven is like ## +This is the beginning of a parable. See how you translated the introduction to the parable in [Matthew 13:24](../13/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](../13/24.md). - -## After he had agreed ## +# After he had agreed "After the landowner had agreed" -## one denarius ## +# one denarius -"one day's wages" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file +This was the daily wage at that time. AT: "one day's wages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# he sent them into his vineyard + +"he sent them to work in his vineyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/03.md b/mat/20/03.md index 87bdd845be..150343a575 100644 --- a/mat/20/03.md +++ b/mat/20/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues his parable about a landowner paying his workers. +# Connecting Statement: -## He went out again ## +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# He went out again "The landowner went out again" -## standing idle ## +# the third hour -"not doing anything" or "who had no work" \ No newline at end of file +The third hour is around nine in the morning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# standing idle in the marketplace + +"standing in the marketplace not doing anything" or "standing in the marketplace with no work to do" + +# marketplace + +a large, open-air area where people buy and sell food and other items \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/05.md b/mat/20/05.md index 6d3b486824..5ac5089a74 100644 --- a/mat/20/05.md +++ b/mat/20/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues his parable about a landowner paying his workers. +# Connecting Statement: -## Again he went out ## +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# Again he went out "Again the landowner went out" -## standing idle ## +# the sixth hour and again the ninth hour + +The sixth hour is around noon. The ninth hour is around three in the afternoon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# did the same + +This means the landowner went to the marketplace and hired workers. + +# the eleventh hour + +This is about five in the afternoon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# standing idle "not doing anything" or "not having any work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/08.md b/mat/20/08.md index dee0bc4fb6..50e356898e 100644 --- a/mat/20/08.md +++ b/mat/20/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues his parable about a landowner paying his workers. +# Connecting Statement: -## each of them ## +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -"each of the workers who had begun work at the eleventh hour" +# beginning from the last to the first -## a denarius ## +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "begin with the workers I hired last, then pay the workers I hired first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -"one day's wages" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +# who had been hired -## they thought ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the landowner hired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"the workers who had worked the longest thought" \ No newline at end of file +# one denarius + +This was the daily wage at that time. AT: "one day's wages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/11.md b/mat/20/11.md index fce9a582eb..cd861ed879 100644 --- a/mat/20/11.md +++ b/mat/20/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues his parable about a landowner paying his workers. +# Connecting Statement: -## When they received ## +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# When they received "When the workers who had worked the longest received" -## property owner ## +# landowner -"landowner" or "vineyard owner" +"vineyard owner" -## we who have borne the burden of the day and the scorching heat ## +# you have made them equal to us -"we who have worked all day in the hot sun" \ No newline at end of file +"you have paid them the same amount of money as you paid us" + +# we who have borne the burden of the day and the scorching heat + +The phrase "borne the burden of the day" is an idiom that means they worked very hard. AT: "we who have worked hard all day in the heat of the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/13.md b/mat/20/13.md index 6757716210..4c90315265 100644 --- a/mat/20/13.md +++ b/mat/20/13.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues his parable about a landowner paying his workers. +# Connecting Statement: -## one of them ## +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# one of them "one of the workers who had worked the longest" -## Friend ## +# Friend Use a word that one man would use to address another man whom he is politely rebuking. -## Did you not agree with me for one denarius? ## +# Did you not agree with me for one denarius? -AT: "We already agreed that I would give you one denarius." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The landowner uses a question to rebuke the workers who were complaining. AT: "We already agreed that I would give you one denarius" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## one denarius ## +# one denarius -"one day's wages" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) - -## it is my pleasure to give ## - -"it pleases me to give" or "I am pleased to give" \ No newline at end of file +This was the daily wage at that time. AT: "one day's wages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/15.md b/mat/20/15.md index 26b822cd97..154afc5c1b 100644 --- a/mat/20/15.md +++ b/mat/20/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues his parable about a landowner paying his workers. +# Connecting Statement: -## Is it not legitimate for me to do what I wish with my own possessions? ## +Jesus concludes his parable about a landowner who hires workers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -AT: "I can do what I want with my own possessions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Do I not have the right to do as I want with what belongs to me? -## legitimate ## +The landowner uses a question to scold the workers who were complaining. AT: "I can do what I want with my own possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"lawful" or "fair" or "right" +# Or are you envious because I am generous? -## Or is your eye evil because I am good? ## +The landowner uses a question to scold the workers who were complaining. AT: "Do not be jealous because I am generous to other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"You should not be unhappy because I do a good thing for people who have not earned it." \ No newline at end of file +# So the last will be first, and the first last + +Jesus is comparing this age to the next age. Those who are important now, God will consider them unimportant when he establishes his rule on earth. Those who seem unimportant now, God will consider them important when he establishes his rule. See how you translated a similar statement in [Matthew 19:30](../19/29.md). + +# So the last will be first + +Here the parable has ended and Jesus is speaking. AT: "Then Jesus said, 'So the last will be first'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/17.md b/mat/20/17.md index 926cd70b46..313228ebd1 100644 --- a/mat/20/17.md +++ b/mat/20/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples as they travel to Jerusalem. +# Connecting Statement: -## we are going ## +Jesus foretells his death and resurrection a third time as he and his disciples travel to Jerusalem. -Jesus was including the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +# going up to Jerusalem -## the Son of Man will be delivered ## +Jerusalem was on top of a hill so people had to travel up to get there. -AT: "someone will deliver the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# See, we are going -## They will condemn...and will deliver him to the Gentiles for them to mock ## +Jesus uses the word "See" to tell the disciples the must pay attention to what he is about to tell them. -the chief priests and scribes will condemn and deliver him to the Gentiles, and the Gentiles will mock +# we are going -## he will be raised up ## +Here "we" refers to Jesus and the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -AT: "God will raise him up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the Son of Man will be delivered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone will deliver the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Son of Man ... him ... he + +Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If necessary, you can translate these in the first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# They will condemn ... for them to mock + +The chief priests and scribes will condemn and deliver him to the Gentiles, and the Gentiles will mock Jesus. + +# to flog + +"to whip him" or "to beat him with whips" + +# third day + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# he will be raised up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will raise him up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/20.md b/mat/20/20.md index 0fcbcf6ae5..0213027e37 100644 --- a/mat/20/20.md +++ b/mat/20/20.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -The mother of two of the disciples makes a request to Jesus. +# Connecting Statement: -## at your right hand...at your left hand ## +In response to the question that the mother of two of the disciples asks, Jesus teaches his disciples about authority and serving others in the kingdom of heaven. -in places of authority (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the sons of Zebedee + +This refers James and John. + +# at your right hand ... at your left hand + +These refer to having positions of power, authority, and honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in your kingdom + +Here "kingdom" refers to Jesus ruling as king. AT: "when you are king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/22.md b/mat/20/22.md index 81d346a640..29137b8dcc 100644 --- a/mat/20/22.md +++ b/mat/20/22.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -Jesus answers the mother of two of his disciples. +# You do not know -## You ## +Here "you" is plural and refers to the mother and the sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -the mother and the sons (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +# Are you able -## Are you able...? ## +Here "you" is plural, but Jesus is only talking to the two sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"Is it possible for you...?" Jesus talks to the sons only. +# drink the cup that I am about to drink -## drink the cup which I am about to drink ## +This is an idiom that means to experience suffering. AT: "go through the suffering I am about to go through" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"go through the suffering I am about to go through" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# They said -## They ## +"The sons of Zebedee said" or "James and John said" -the sons +# My cup you will indeed drink -## it is for those for whom it has been prepared by my Father ## +This is an idiom that means to experience suffering. AT: "You will indeed suffer as I will suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"the honor of sitting beside me is for those for whom my Father has prepared that honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# right hand ... left hand -## prepared ## +These refer to having positions of power, authority, and honor. See how you translated this in [Matthew 20:21](./20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -made ready \ No newline at end of file +# it is for those for whom it has been prepared by my Father + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my Father has prepared those places, and he will give them to whom he chooses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# heard this + +"heard what James and John had asked Jesus" + +# they were very angry with the two brothers + +If necessary, you can make explicit why the ten disciples were angry. AT: "they were very angry with the two brothers because each of them wanted to sit in the places of honor next to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/25.md b/mat/20/25.md index e2f81c6365..d53ee2bb73 100644 --- a/mat/20/25.md +++ b/mat/20/25.md @@ -1,21 +1,51 @@ -Jesus uses what he said to the mother to teach his disciples. +# Connecting Statement: -## the rulers of the Gentiles subjugate them ## +Jesus finishes teaching his disciples about authority and serving others. -"the rulers of the Gentiles force the Gentiles to do what the rulers want" +# called them -## their important men ## +"called the twelve disciples" -the men to whom the rulers give authority +# the rulers of the Gentiles subjugate them -## exercise authority over ## +"the Gentile kings forcefully rule over their people" -"have control over" +# their important men -## wishes ## +"the important men among the Gentiles" -"wants" or "desires" +# exercise authority over them -## to give his life ## +"have control over the people" -"to be willing to die" \ No newline at end of file +# whoever wishes + +"whoever wants" or "whoever desires" + +# to be first + +"to be important" + +# the Son of Man ... his life + +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If necessary, you can translate this in the first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# did not come to be served + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "did not come so that other people would serve him" or "did not come so that other people would serve me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# but to serve + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "but to serve other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to give his life + +This is an idiom. AT: "to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# as a ransom for many + +The word "ransom" usually refers to setting someone free from prison or slavery. Here it is a metaphor for Jesus saving people from God punishing them for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for many + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "for many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/29.md b/mat/20/29.md index 745e5fe796..e7ffa9223a 100644 --- a/mat/20/29.md +++ b/mat/20/29.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + This begins an account of Jesus healing two blind men. -## As they went ## +# As they went -This is speaking about the disciples and Jesus. +This refers to the disciples and Jesus. -## followed him ## +# followed him "followed Jesus" -## Behold ## +# There were two blind men sitting -The writer is telling the reader to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. Your language may have a way of doing this. +This is sometimes translated as "Behold, there were two blind men sitting." The writer is alerting us to a new people in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## was passing by ## +# When they heard + +"When the two blind men heard" + +# was passing by "was walking by them" -## they cried out all the more ## +# Son of David -"the blind men shouted more than before" or "they shouted louder" \ No newline at end of file +Jesus was not David's literal son, so this may be translated as "Descendant of King David." However, "Son of David" is also a title for the Messiah, and the men were probably calling Jesus by this title. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/32.md b/mat/20/32.md index de6a6ae608..378512510a 100644 --- a/mat/20/32.md +++ b/mat/20/32.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus healing two blind men. +# called to them -## called to them ## +"called to the blind men" -called to the blind men +# do you wish -## wish ## +"do you want" -"want" +# that our eyes may be opened -## that our eyes may be opened ## +The phrase "our eyes may be opened" is an idiom that means to be able to see again. This can be stated in active form. AT: "we want you to make us able to see" or "we want to be able to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "we want you to make us able to see" or "we want to be able to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# being moved with compassion -## being moved with compassion ## - -"having compassion" or "moved with compassion for them" \ No newline at end of file +"having compassion" or "feeling compassion for them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/20/intro.md b/mat/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..012f71956a --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Matthew 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The parable of the landowner and his vineyard ##### + +Jesus tells this parable ([Matthew 20:1-16](./01.md)) to teach his disciples that God's standards about what is right are different from human standards. + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/01.md b/mat/21/01.md index 3580a32439..b44f9738f1 100644 --- a/mat/21/01.md +++ b/mat/21/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to travel to Jerusalem with his disciples. +# Connecting Statement: -## Bethphage ## +This begins the account of Jesus' entry into Jerusalem. Here he gives his disciples instructions about what they are to do. -a village (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Bethphage -## colt ## +This is a village near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -"young male donkey" \ No newline at end of file +# a donkey tied up + +You can state this in active form. AT: "a donkey that someone has tied up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# tied up there + +You can make explicit how the donkey is tied. AT: "tied up there to a post" or "tied up there to a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# colt + +"a young male donkey" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/04.md b/mat/21/04.md index da4e04625b..b9fd2a0f59 100644 --- a/mat/21/04.md +++ b/mat/21/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus riding a donkey into Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## this came about that what was spoken through the prophet might be fulfilled ## +Here the author quotes the prophet Zechariah to show that Jesus fulfilled prophecy by riding a donkey into Jerusalem. -"God had said this many years ahead of time by his prophet that this was going to happen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Now -## that which had been spoken through the prophet ## +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew explains how Jesus' actions fulfill scripture. -"that which a prophet had told before it happened." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# this came about that what was spoken through the prophet might be fulfilled -## daughter of Zion ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "this happened so that Jesus would fulfill what God spoke through the prophet long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# through the prophet -## donkey ## +There were many prophets. Matthew was speaking of Zechariah. AT: "the prophet Zechariah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -an animal ridden by poor people +# the daughter of Zion -## colt ## +The "daughter" of a city means the people of the city. AT: "the people of Zion" or "the people who live in Zion" -a young male donkey \ No newline at end of file +# Zion + +This is another name for Jerusalem. + +# on a donkey—on a colt, the foal of a donkey + +The phrase "on a colt, the foal of a donkey" is explaining that the donkey is a young animal. AT: "on a young, male donkey" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/06.md b/mat/21/06.md index 5097cb285e..2819eaa36c 100644 --- a/mat/21/06.md +++ b/mat/21/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus riding a donkey into Jerusalem. +# cloaks -## garments ## +These were outer clothing or long coats. -outer clothing or long coats +# crowd spread their cloaks on the road, and others cut branches from the trees and spread them in the road -## and Jesus sat there ## - -"Jesus sat on the clothing that was put on the donkey." \ No newline at end of file +These are ways to show honor to Jesus as he was entering Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/09.md b/mat/21/09.md index 64d98a619d..d621a5c2c5 100644 --- a/mat/21/09.md +++ b/mat/21/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus riding a donkey into Jerusalem. +# Hosanna -## Hosanna ## +This word means "save us" but can also mean "praise God!" -a Hebrew word that means "save us" but came mean "praise God!" +# the son of David -## all the city was stirred ## +Jesus was not David's literal son, so this may be translated as "descendant of king David." However, "Son of David" is also a title for the Messiah, and the crowd was probably calling Jesus by this title. -"everyone in the city was excited to see him" +# in the name of the Lord -## all the city ## +Here "in the name" means "in the power" or "as a representative." AT: "in the power of the Lord" or "as the representative of the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"many of the people in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Hosanna in the highest + +Here "highest" refers to God who rules from the highest heaven. AT: "Praise God, who is in the highest heaven" or "Praise be to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all the city was stirred + +Here "city" refers to the people living there. AT: "many people from all over the city were stirred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# stirred + +"excited" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/12.md b/mat/21/12.md index 4a5e9c4bb5..9d0a2a33b9 100644 --- a/mat/21/12.md +++ b/mat/21/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,47 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + This begins the account of Jesus entering into the temple. -## He said to them ## +# General Information: + +In verse 13, Jesus quotes the prophet Isaiah to rebuke the vendors and money changers. + +# Jesus entered the temple + +Jesus did not enter the actual temple. He entered the courtyard around the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who bought and sold + +Merchants were selling animals and other items that travelers bought to offer the proper sacrifices at the temple. + +# He said to them "Jesus said to those who were changing money and buying and selling things" -## house of prayer ## +# It is written -"a place where people pray" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The prophets wrote long ago" or "God said long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## den of robbers ## +# My house will be called -"like a place where robbers hide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My house will be" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the lame ## +# My house -Those who could not walk or had legs that were badly hurt. \ No newline at end of file +Here "My" refers to God and "house" refers to the temple. + +# house of prayer + +This is an idiom. AT: "a place where people pray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# den of robbers + +Jesus uses a metaphor to scold the people for buying and selling items in the temple. AT: "like a place where robbers hide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the blind and the lame + +These nominal adjectives can be stated as adjectives. AT: "those who were blind and those who were lame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# lame + +to have an injured foot or leg that makes walking difficult \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/15.md b/mat/21/15.md index 59c6bee16e..5f4b22bf4a 100644 --- a/mat/21/15.md +++ b/mat/21/15.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus in the temple. +# General Information: -## Hosanna ## +In verse 16, Jesus quotes from the Psalms to justify how the people had responded to him. -See how you translated this in [Matthew 21:9](./09.md) +# the marvelous things -## Son of David ## +"the wonderful things" or "the miracles." This refers to Jesus healing the blind and lame people in [Matthew 21:14](./12.md). -See how you translated this in [Matthew 21:9](./09.md) +# Hosanna -## they were moved with resentment ## +This word means "save us" but can also mean "praise God!" See how you translated this in [Matthew 21:09](./09.md). -"they disliked Jesus and became angry" +# the Son of David -## Do you hear what these people are saying? ## +Jesus was not David's literal son, so this may be translated as "descendant of king David." However, "Son of David" is also a title for the Messiah, and the crowd was probably calling Jesus by this title. See how you translated this in [Matthew 21:09](./09.md). -"You should not allow people to say these things about you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# they became very angry -## Have you never read ## +It is implied that they were angry because they did not believe Jesus was the Christ and they did not want other people praising him. AT: "they became very angry because people were praising him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"Yes, I hear them, but you should remember what you read in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Do you hear what these people are saying? -## Jesus left them ## +The chief priests and scribes ask this question to rebuke Jesus because they are angry with him. AT: "You should not allow people to say these things about you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But have you never read ... praise'? + +Jesus asks this question to remind the chief priests and scribes of what they have studied in the scriptures. AT: "Yes, I hear them, but you should remember what you read in the scriptures ... praise'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Out of the mouths of little children and nursing infants you have perfected praise + +The phrase "out of the mouths" refers to speaking. AT: "You caused little children and nursing infants to speak perfect praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Jesus left them "Jesus left the chief priests and scribes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/18.md b/mat/21/18.md index 786ff78fe1..03cf6a3c4b 100644 --- a/mat/21/18.md +++ b/mat/21/18.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -This begins the account of Jesus cursing a fig tree. +# Connecting Statement: -## dried up ## +Jesus uses a fig tree to teach his disciples about faith and prayer. + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew explains that Jesus is hungry and that is why he stops at the fig tree. + +# withered "died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/20.md b/mat/21/20.md index 7f2eefe528..ef2a01fd94 100644 --- a/mat/21/20.md +++ b/mat/21/20.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -Jesus explains the cursing of the fig tree. +# How did the fig tree immediately wither away? -## wither away ## +The disciples use a question to emphasize how surprised they are. AT: "We are astonished that the fig tree has dried up so quickly!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"dry up and die" \ No newline at end of file +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# if you have faith and do not doubt + +Jesus expresses the same idea both positively and negatively to emphasize that this faith must be genuine. AT: "if you truly believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# wither away + +"dry up and die" + +# you will even say to this mountain, 'Be taken up and thrown into the sea,' + +You can translate this direct quotation as an indirect quotation. This can also be stated in active form. AT: "you will even be able to tell this mountain to get up and throw itself into the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will be done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/23.md b/mat/21/23.md index 8525f2495d..96877e080d 100644 --- a/mat/21/23.md +++ b/mat/21/23.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -This begins the account of the religious leaders questioning Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +This begins the account of the religious leaders questioning Jesus' authority. + +# had come into the temple + +It is implied that Jesus did not enter the actual temple. He entered the courtyard around the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# these things + +This refers to Jesus teaching and healing in the temple. It probably also refers to Jesus driving out the buyers and sellers the previous day. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/25.md b/mat/21/25.md index 7b42d64dfb..6de30c1d1e 100644 --- a/mat/21/25.md +++ b/mat/21/25.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -This continues the account of the religous leaders questioning Jesus. +# Connecting Statement: -## from heaven ## +Jesus continues to respond to the religious leaders. -"from God in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# from where did it come? -## he will say to us ## +"where did he get that authority?" -"Jesus will say to us" +# If we say, 'From heaven,' he will say to us, 'Why then did you not believe him? -## we fear the crowd ## +This has quotes within a quote. You could translate the direct quotations as an indirect quotations. AT: "If we say that we believe John received his authority from heaven, then Jesus will ask us why we did not believe John" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# From heaven + +Here "heaven" refers to God. AT: "from God in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Why then did you not believe him? + +The religious leaders know that Jesus would scold them with a rhetorical question. AT: "Then you should have believed John the Baptist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But if we say, 'From men,' + +This is a quote within a quote. You could translate the direct quotation as an indirect quotation. AT: "But if we say that we believe John received his authority from men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# we fear the crowd "we fear what the crowd would think or even do to us" -## they all view John to be a prophet ## +# they all view John as a prophet -"they believe John was a prophet" \ No newline at end of file +"they believe John is a prophet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/28.md b/mat/21/28.md index ba0d719d78..d6a9b7a4e2 100644 --- a/mat/21/28.md +++ b/mat/21/28.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Jesus responds to the religious leaders with a parable. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus tells a parable about two sons to rebuke the religious leaders and to illustrate their unbelief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# But what do you think? + +Jesus uses a question to challenge the religious leaders to think deeply about the parable he will tell them. AT: "Tell me what you think about what I am about to tell you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he changed his mind + +This refers to the son reconsidering his thoughts as if he had several thoughts to choose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/31.md b/mat/21/31.md index 4723648913..df8485ab4b 100644 --- a/mat/21/31.md +++ b/mat/21/31.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to responds to the religious leaders with a parable. - -## They said ## +# They said "The chief priests and elders said" -## Jesus said to them ## +# Jesus said to them "Jesus said to the chief priests and elders" -## John came to you ## +# Truly I say to you -John came and preached to the religious leaders and the common people. +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -## in the path of righteousness ## +# the tax collectors and the prostitutes will enter the kingdom of God before you do -John showed how people should respond to God and live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "kingdom of God" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "when God establishes his rule on earth, he will agree to bless the tax collectors and prostitutes by ruling over them before he agrees to do that for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# before you do + +Possible meanings are 1) God will accept the tax collectors and prostitutes sooner than he will accept the Jewish religious leaders, or 2) God will accept the tax collectors and prostitutes instead of the Jewish religious leaders. + +# John came to you + +Here "you" is plural and refers to all the people of Israel not just the religious leaders. AT: "John came to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# in the way of righteousness + +This is an idiom that means John showed the people the right way to live. AT: "and told you the way God wants you to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you did not believe him + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the religious leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/33.md b/mat/21/33.md index 0ae7ba18f9..0538e05e2e 100644 --- a/mat/21/33.md +++ b/mat/21/33.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to responds to the religious leaders with a second parable. +# Connecting Statement: -## person with extensive land ## +To rebuke the religious leaders and illustrate their unbelief, Jesus tells a parable about rebellious servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -"a landowner who had much property." +# a landowner -## rented it out to vine dressers ## +"a person who owned a piece of property" -"put vine dressers in charge of the vineyard." The owner still had control of the vineyard. +# a hedge -## vine dressers ## +"a wall" or "a fence" -people who knew how to properly take care of vines and grapes. \ No newline at end of file +# dug a winepress in it + +"dug a hole in the vineyard to press the grapes" + +# rented it out to vine growers + +"put vine growers in charge of the vineyard." The owner still owned the vineyard. + +# vine growers + +These were people who knew how to take care of vines and grapes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/35.md b/mat/21/35.md index c5bccb5dcd..766c9fa4b1 100644 --- a/mat/21/35.md +++ b/mat/21/35.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Jesus continues to responds to the religious leaders with the second parable. +# Connecting Statement: -## his servants ## +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -the servants of the "person with extensive land" ([Matthew 21:33](./33.md)) \ No newline at end of file +# his servants + +"the landowner's servants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/38.md b/mat/21/38.md index 066b6fbda0..d4bf2f37d9 100644 --- a/mat/21/38.md +++ b/mat/21/38.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -Jesus continues to responds to the religious leaders with the second parable. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/40.md b/mat/21/40.md index 3a46e97707..d164015e92 100644 --- a/mat/21/40.md +++ b/mat/21/40.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Jesus continues to responds to the religious leaders with the second parable. +# Now -## the people said to him ## +The word "now" does not mean "at this moment," but it is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. -"the people said to Jesus" \ No newline at end of file +# They said to him + +Matthew does not make clear who answered Jesus. If you need to specify an audience you can translate as "The people said to Jesus." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/42.md b/mat/21/42.md index 576e7c1fac..390ca0b71b 100644 --- a/mat/21/42.md +++ b/mat/21/42.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -Jesus uses the prophets to explain the parable. +# Connecting Statement: -## Jesus said to them ## +Here Jesus begins to explain the parable of the rebellious servants. -"Jesus said to the people" ([Matthew 21:40](./40.md)) +# General Information: -## 'The stone which the builders rejected has been made the cornerstone. ## +Jesus quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that God will honor the one whom the religious leaders reject. -AT: "The stone that was rejected by the builders became the most important one." The authorities will reject Jesus, but God will make him the head of his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Jesus said to them -## This was from the Lord ## +It is unclear to whom Jesus asks the following question. If you need to make "them" specific, use the same audience as you did in [Matthew 21:41](./40.md). -"The Lord has caused this great change" \ No newline at end of file +# Did you never read ... eyes'? + +Jesus uses a question to make his audience think deeply about what this scripture means. AT: "Think about what you have read ... eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The stone which the builders rejected has been made the cornerstone + +Jesus is quoting from the Psalms. This is a metaphor that means the religious leaders, like builders, will reject Jesus, but God will make him the most important in his kingdom, like the cornerstone in a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# has been made the cornerstone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "has become the cornerstone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This was from the Lord + +"The Lord has caused this great change" + +# it is marvelous in our eyes + +Here "in our eyes" refers to seeing. AT: "it is wonderful to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/43.md b/mat/21/43.md index 6c86c86ad0..091245a0c2 100644 --- a/mat/21/43.md +++ b/mat/21/43.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to explain the parable. +# I say to you -## I say to you ## +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -Jesus was speaking to the chief priests and elders. +# to you -## cultivates its fruits ## +Here "you" is plural. Jesus was speaking to the religious leaders and also to the Jewish people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"will do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and will be given to a nation that produces its fruits -## its fruit ## +Here "kingdom of God" refers to God's rule as king. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will reject you, the Jewish people, and he will be king over people from other nations who bear fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"the kingdom of God's fruits" +# that produces its fruits -## whoever falls on this stone ## +This is an idiom that refers to obedience. AT: "that obeys God's commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"the one who stumbles over this stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Whoever falls on this stone will be broken to pieces -## on whomever it falls ## +Here, "this stone" is the same stone as in [Matthew 21:42](./42.md). This is a metaphor that means the Christ will destroy anyone who rebels against him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The stone will break into pieces anyone who falls on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"on whomever judgment falls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# But anyone on whom it falls will be crushed + +This means basically the same thing as the previous sentence. It is a metaphor that means the Christ will have the final judgment and will destroy everyone who rebels against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/45.md b/mat/21/45.md index 9dfa46374e..4ca31c98d0 100644 --- a/mat/21/45.md +++ b/mat/21/45.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + The religious leaders react to the parable that Jesus told. -## his parables ## +# his parables -"Jesus' parables" - -## lay hands on ## - -"arrest" \ No newline at end of file +"Jesus' parables" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/21/intro.md b/mat/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8daddf0a13 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Matthew 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 21:5,16 and 42, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Donkey ##### + +The way in which Jesus entered into Jerusalem, mounted on a donkey, was similar to the way a king would have entered into a city after a great victory. It was traditional for the kings of Israel to ride donkeys instead of horses. Jesus could not have ridden two animals at the same time. It is best to translate this as it appears in the ULB without trying to reconcile these two passages. (See: [Mark 11:1-7](../../mrk/11/01.md)) + +##### Hosanna ##### +This is what the people shouted in order to welcome Jesus into Jerusalem. It was an exclamation of praise, although it was a word in Hebrew meaning, "Save us!" + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The kingdom of God will be taken away from you" ##### +Scholars are divided over the meaning of this phrase. An essential question is: would this be a permanent or temporary event? If possible, leave both these possibilities open in your translation. + +## Links: ## +* __[Matthew 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/01.md b/mat/22/01.md index d66050a789..2094fd92a3 100644 --- a/mat/22/01.md +++ b/mat/22/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Jesus begins to tell the religious leaders a parable about a wedding feast. +# Connecting Statement: -## The kingdom of heaven is like ## +To rebuke the religious leaders and to illustrate their unbelief, Jesus tells a parable about a marriage feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](../13/24.md). +# to them -## those who were invited ## +"to the people" -AT: "the people whom the king had invited" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# The kingdom of heaven is like + +This is the beginning of a parable. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](../13/24.md). + +# those who had been invited + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people the king had invited" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/04.md b/mat/22/04.md index 59c6ba6f88..1bb5903873 100644 --- a/mat/22/04.md +++ b/mat/22/04.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to tell the religious leaders a parable about a wedding feast. +# Connecting Statement: -## See ## +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” \ No newline at end of file +# servants, saying, 'Tell them who are invited + +This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "servants, ordering them to tell those whom he invited" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# See + +"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# My oxen and fattened calves have been killed + +It is implied that the animals are cooked and ready to eat. This can be stated in active form. AT: "My servants have killed and cooked my oxen and my fattened calves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# My oxen and fattened calves + +"My best oxen and calves for eating" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/05.md b/mat/22/05.md index 36b81c97dc..20f519084b 100644 --- a/mat/22/05.md +++ b/mat/22/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues to tell the religious leaders a parable about a wedding feast. +# Connecting Statement: -## those people ## +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -"the invited guests" ([Matthew 22:4](./04.md)) +# But they paid no attention -## did not treat his invitation seriously ## +"But the guests the king invited ignored the invitation" -"ignored his invitation" \ No newline at end of file +# killed those murderers + +It is implied that the king's soldiers killed the murderers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/08.md b/mat/22/08.md index 1d9a93f1b0..96684793a8 100644 --- a/mat/22/08.md +++ b/mat/22/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to tell the religious leaders a parable about a wedding feast. +# Connecting Statement: -## the highway crossings ## +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -"where the roads cross." +# those who were invited -## hall ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom I invited" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the highway crossings + +"where the main roads of the city cross." The king is sending the servants to the place where they are most likely to find people. + +# both bad and good + +"both the good people and the bad people" + +# So the wedding hall was filled with guests + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "So the guests filled the wedding hall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# hall a large room \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/11.md b/mat/22/11.md index 746ae3cafe..94c36ee26c 100644 --- a/mat/22/11.md +++ b/mat/22/11.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues to tell the religious leaders a parable about a wedding feast. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# how did you come in here without wedding clothes? + +The king uses a question to scold the guest. AT: "you are not wearing proper clothes for a wedding. You should not be here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the man was speechless + +"the man was silent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/13.md b/mat/22/13.md index 746ae3cafe..5d77be7410 100644 --- a/mat/22/13.md +++ b/mat/22/13.md @@ -1 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to tell the religious leaders a parable about a wedding feast. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus concludes his parable about a marriage feast. + +# Bind this man hand and foot + +"Tie him up so that he cannot move his hands or feet" + +# into the outer darkness + +This expression refers to the eternal destiny of those who reject God. See how you translated this in [Matthew 8:12](../08/11.md). AT: "the dark place away from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# weeping and the grinding of teeth + +This represents extreme sadness and suffering. See how you translated this in [Matthew 8:12](../08/11.md). + +# For many people are called, but few are chosen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For God invites many people, but he only chooses a few" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# For + +This marks a transition. Jesus has ended the parable and will now explain the point of the parable. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/15.md b/mat/22/15.md index d40bf7b6e2..d2a473cca9 100644 --- a/mat/22/15.md +++ b/mat/22/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -This begins an account of the religous leaders trying to trap Jesus. +# Connecting Statement: -## how they might entrap Jesus in his own talk ## +This begins an account of the religious leaders trying to trap Jesus with several difficult questions. Here the Pharisees ask him about paying taxes to Caesar. -"how they could cause him to say something that they could use against him" +# how they might entrap Jesus in his own talk -## Herodians ## +"how they could cause Jesus to say something wrong so they could arrest him" -officials and followers of the Jewish king Herod, who was friendly to the Roman empire (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# their disciples ... Herodians -## you do not show partiality between people ## +The disciples of the Pharisees supported paying taxes only to Jewish authorities. The Herodians supported paying taxes to the Roman authorities. It is implied that the Pharisees believed that no matter what Jesus said, he would offend one of these groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"you do not show special honor to some people" or "you do not pay attention to more important people" \ No newline at end of file +# Herodians + +These were officials and followers of the Jewish king Herod. He was friends with Roman authorities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# you do not show partiality between people + +"you do not show special honor to some people" or "you do not consider some people more important than other people" + +# to pay taxes to Caesar + +People did not pay taxes directly to Caesar but to one of his tax collectors. AT: "to pay the taxes that Caesar requires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/18.md b/mat/22/18.md index 7930d9199a..e11bd12928 100644 --- a/mat/22/18.md +++ b/mat/22/18.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on taxes. +# Why are you testing me, you hypocrites? -## a denarius ## +Jesus uses a question to scold those who were trying to trap him. AT: "Do not test me, you hypocrites!" or "I know that you hypocrites are only trying to test me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -a Roman coin worth one day's wages. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file +# denarius + +This was a Roman coin worth one day's wages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/20.md b/mat/22/20.md index d9f1125da4..2b2aac8a1a 100644 --- a/mat/22/20.md +++ b/mat/22/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on taxes. +# to them -## things that are Caesar's ## +Here "them" refers to the Herodians and the disciples of the Pharisees. -"things that belong to Caesar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Whose image and name are these? -## things that are God's ## +Jesus uses a question to get the people to think deeply about what he is saying. AT: "Tell me whose image and name you see on this coin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Caesar's + +You can make clear the understood information in their response. AT: "The coin has Caesar's image and name on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# things that are Caesar's + +"things that belong to Caesar" + +# things that are God's "things that belong to God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/23.md b/mat/22/23.md index 7eadfa9974..9e84343d5c 100644 --- a/mat/22/23.md +++ b/mat/22/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on divorce. +# Connecting Statement: -## Teacher, Moses said, 'If a man dies,….' ## +The Sadducees try to trap Jesus by asking him a difficult question about marriage and the resurrection of the dead. -They were asking him about what Moses wrote in the scriptures. If your language does not allow quotes within quotes, this could be stated as an indirect quote: "Moses said that if a man dies…." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +# Teacher, Moses said, 'If a man dies -## his brother...his wife...his brother ## +The religious leaders were asking Jesus about what Moses had written in the scriptures. If your language does not allow quotes within quotes, this could be stated as an indirect quote: "Teacher, Moses said that if a man dies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -the dead man's \ No newline at end of file +# his brother ... his wife ... his brother + +Here "his" refers to the dead man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/25.md b/mat/22/25.md index 4a7785eb23..b83329903a 100644 --- a/mat/22/25.md +++ b/mat/22/25.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on divorce. +# Connecting Statement: -## After them all ## +The Sadducees continue asking Jesus a question. -"After every brother had married her" or "After every brother had died" \ No newline at end of file +# first ... second ... third ... seventh + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# After them all + +"After every brother had died" + +# Now + +Here the Sadducees shift from the story about the seven brothers to their actual question. + +# in the resurrection + +"when dead people come back to life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/29.md b/mat/22/29.md index 175388910c..897c9bce1b 100644 --- a/mat/22/29.md +++ b/mat/22/29.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on divorce. +# You are mistaken -## the power of God ## +It is implied that Jesus means that they are mistaken about what they think about the resurrection. AT: "You are mistaken about the resurrection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"what God is able to do" \ No newline at end of file +# the power of God + +"what God is able to do" + +# in the resurrection + +"when dead people rise back to life" + +# they neither marry + +"people will not marry" + +# nor are given in marriage + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nor will people give their children in marriage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/31.md b/mat/22/31.md index 41eb95bf68..ff0c843d27 100644 --- a/mat/22/31.md +++ b/mat/22/31.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on divorce. +# General Information: -## have you not read what...Jacob'? ## +In 22:32, Jesus quotes from Exodus to prove that people live again after they die. -AT: "I know you have read it, but you do not seem to understand what...Jacob.' (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# have you not read what ... Jacob'? -## what was spoken to you by God ## +Jesus asks this question to remind the religious leaders of what they know from scripture. AT: "I know you have read it, but you do not seem to understand what ... Jacob'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "what God spoke to you" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# what was spoken to you by -## God, saying, 'I am...Jacob'? ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what God spoke to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This is a quote within a quote. "God said to Moses that he, God, is the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file +# God, saying, 'I am ... Jacob'? + +You can translate this direct quotation as an indirect quotation. AT: "God who said to Moses that he is the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# of the dead, but of the living + +These nominal adjectives can be stated as adjectives. AT: "of dead people, but he is the God of living people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/34.md b/mat/22/34.md index 822296a360..1a89d08c67 100644 --- a/mat/22/34.md +++ b/mat/22/34.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on the law. +# Connecting Statement: -## lawyer ## +A Pharisee who was an expert in the law tries to trap Jesus by asking him a difficult question about the greatest commandment. -a Pharisee who had special skill in understanding the law of Moses \ No newline at end of file +# lawyer + +"an expert in the law." This is a Pharisee who had special skill in understanding the law of Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/37.md b/mat/22/37.md index 338caf00c9..e60b75b297 100644 --- a/mat/22/37.md +++ b/mat/22/37.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on the law. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Jesus quotes a verse from Deuteronomy as the greatest commandment. + +# with all your heart, with all your soul + +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all ... being." See how you translated these two phrases in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../../deu/04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with all your mind + +The mind is what people use to think. + +# the great and first commandment + +Here "great" and "first" mean the same thing. They emphasize that this is the most important commandment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/39.md b/mat/22/39.md index afbc2394d0..1be1fd751e 100644 --- a/mat/22/39.md +++ b/mat/22/39.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -The religious leaders continue to try to trap Jesus about his views on the law. +# General Information: -## like it ## +Jesus quotes a verse from Leviticus as the second greatest commandment. -like the commandment of [Matthew 22:37](./37.md). \ No newline at end of file +# a second commandment is like it + +Possible meanings are 1) "there is another commandment that is next in importance" or 2) "there is a second commandment that is just as important." Either way, Jesus means these two commandments are more important than all other commandments. + +# second commandment + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# like it + +This means like the commandment in [Matthew 22:37](./37.md). + +# your neighbor + +Here "neighbor" means more than just those who live nearby. Jesus means a person must love all people. + +# On these two commandments depend the whole law and the prophets + +Here "whole law and the prophets" refer to all of scripture. AT: "Everything that Moses and the prophets wrote in the scriptures is based on these two commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/41.md b/mat/22/41.md index 27bdb43784..c7c3e140ac 100644 --- a/mat/22/41.md +++ b/mat/22/41.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Jesus begins to question the religious leaders about the Messiah. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus asks the Pharisees a difficult question in order to stop their attempts to trap him. + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story when Jesus asks the religious leaders a question. + +# son ... son of David + +In both of these "son" means "descendant." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/43.md b/mat/22/43.md index d5928daa7f..a57072a99d 100644 --- a/mat/22/43.md +++ b/mat/22/43.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to question the religious leaders about the Messiah. +# General Information: -## at my right hand ## +Jesus quotes from the Psalms to show that the Christ is more than just "the son of David." -The "right hand" is often used to indicate a place of honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# How then does David in the Spirit call him Lord -## until I make your enemies your footstool ## +Jesus uses a question to make the religious leaders think deeply about the Psalm he is about to quote. AT: "Then, tell me why David in the Spirit calls him Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"Until I conquer your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# David in the Spirit + +"David, whom the Holy Spirit is inspiring." This means the Holy Spirit is influencing what David says. + +# call him + +Here "him" refers to the Christ, who is also the descendant of David. + +# The Lord said + +Here "Lord" refers to God the Father. + +# to my Lord + +Here "Lord" refers to the Christ. Also, "my" refers to David. This means the Christ is superior to David. + +# at my right hand + +Here "my" refers to God the Father. The "right hand" is often used to indicate a place of honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# until I make your enemies your footstool + +This is an idiom. AT: "until I conquer your enemies" or "until I make your enemies bow down before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/45.md b/mat/22/45.md index 9fdb21438c..fe243e7aa2 100644 --- a/mat/22/45.md +++ b/mat/22/45.md @@ -1 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to question the religious leaders about the Messiah. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +This is the end of the account of the religious leaders trying to trap Jesus with several difficult questions. + +# General Information: + +This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 19:1](../19/01.md), that tells of Jesus ministering in Judea. + +# If David then calls the Christ 'Lord,' how is he David's son? + +Jesus uses a question to make the religious leaders think deeply about what he is saying. AT: "David calls him 'Lord,' so the Christ has to be more than just a descendant of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If David then calls the Christ + +David referred to Jesus as "Lord" because Jesus was not only a descendant of David, but he was also superior to him. + +# to answer him a word + +Here "word" refers to what people say. AT: "to answer him anything" or "to answer him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# any more questions + +It is implied that no one asked him the kind of questions that were intended to make him say something wrong so the religious leaders could arrest him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/22/intro.md b/mat/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b9eb5fdde6 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# Matthew 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of verse 44, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wedding Feast ##### + +In the parable of the wedding feast ([Matthew 22:1-14](./01.md)), Jesus taught that it was important to accept God's invitation of salvation. In Jewish culture, paradise—life with God after death—was often pictured as a feast. Here Jesus pictures it as a wedding feast that a king prepares for his son, who has just gotten married. In addition, Jesus emphasizes that not all people whom God invites will properly prepare themselves to participate. These people will be thrown out from the feast. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Implicit meaning ##### + +Like the other gospel writers, Matthew assumes that his readers will understand many situations that he presents, so he does not give much explanation. He says, for example, in [Matthew 22:15-22](./15.md), that the Pharisees attempted to trick Jesus into saying wrong things, but he assumes that the readers will understand why their question for Jesus was a dangerous one to answer ([Matthew 22:16](./15.md)). They expected that Jesus in his answer would anger either the Jewish people or the Roman authorities. + +##### Paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd or appears to contradict itself. In this chapter, Jesus quotes a psalm referencing that David calls his son "lord," that is, master. The Jews always expected that ancestors would be greater than their descendants. In this passage, Jesus is trying to gradually lead his hearers to the true understanding that the Messiah will himself be divine, and that he, Jesus, is in fact the Messiah. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Matthew 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/01.md b/mat/23/01.md index ba60e64f04..ed2c56caf8 100644 --- a/mat/23/01.md +++ b/mat/23/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Jesus begins to warn his followers not to be like the religious leaders. +# General Information: -## sit in Moses' seat ## +This is the beginning of a new part of the story that runs through [Matthew 25:46](../25/44.md), where Jesus teaches about salvation and the final judgment. Here he begins to warn the people about the scribes and Pharisees. -"have authority as Moses had" or "have authority to say what the Law of Moses means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# sit in Moses' seat -## whatever ## +Here "seat" represents the authority to rule and make judgments. AT: "have authority as Moses had" or "have authority to say what the law of Moses means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whatever "anything" or "everything" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/04.md b/mat/23/04.md index 75c0a012e5..61d0d3b573 100644 --- a/mat/23/04.md +++ b/mat/23/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to warn his followers not to be like the religious leaders. +# they bind heavy burdens that are difficult to carry, and then they put them on people's shoulders -## they bind heavy burdens that are difficult to carry ## +Here "burdens" are the many rules that the religious leaders create. AT: "they make you obey many rules that are difficult to follow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"They place on you many rules that are difficult to follow." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# they themselves will not move a finger -## they themselves will not move a finger ## +Here "move a finger" is a metaphor for giving help. AT: "they will not give the least amount of help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"they will not give the least amount of help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# They do all their deeds to be seen by people -## phylacteries ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They do all their deeds so that people can see what they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -small leather boxes containing paper with Scripture written on it \ No newline at end of file +# For they make their phylacteries wide, and they enlarge the edges of their garments + +Both of these are things the Pharisees do to appear as if they honor God more than other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# phylacteries + +small leather boxes containing paper with scripture written on it + +# they enlarge the edges of their garments + +Pharisees put long tassels on the bottom of their robes to show their devotion to God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/06.md b/mat/23/06.md index a2946846c1..82d2bbc964 100644 --- a/mat/23/06.md +++ b/mat/23/06.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to warn his followers not to be like the religious leaders. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus continues speaking to the crowds and disciples about the Pharisees. + +# chief places ... chief seats + +Both of these are the places where the most important people sit. + +# marketplaces + +large, open-air areas where people buy and sell items + +# to be called 'Rabbi' by people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for people to call them 'Rabbi'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/08.md b/mat/23/08.md index 5dd11353f0..71586abe16 100644 --- a/mat/23/08.md +++ b/mat/23/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to warn his followers not to be like the religious leaders. +# But you must not be called -## call no man on earth your father ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But you must not let anyone call you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"do not call any man on earth your father" or "do not say that any man on earth is your father" \ No newline at end of file +# you + +All occurrences of "you" are plural and refer to all of Jesus' followers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you are brothers + +Here "brothers" means "fellow believers." + +# call no man on earth your father + +"do not call any man on earth your father" or "do not say that any man on earth is your father" + +# you have only one Father + +"Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Neither must you be called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Also, do not let anyone call you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you have only one teacher, the Christ + +When Jesus said "the Christ," he was speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "I, the Christ, am your only teacher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/11.md b/mat/23/11.md index ad0c8e38aa..fe1d65107a 100644 --- a/mat/23/11.md +++ b/mat/23/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to warn his followers not to be like the religious leaders. +# he who is greatest among you -## exalts himself ## +"the person who is most important among you" + +# among you + +Here "you" is plural and refers to Jesus' followers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# exalts himself "makes himself important" -## exalted ## +# will be humbled -"lifted up in importance" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be exalted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will make important" or "God will honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/13.md b/mat/23/13.md index d239cca4a6..5b91a9ad89 100644 --- a/mat/23/13.md +++ b/mat/23/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -Jesus begins to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. +# Connecting Statement: -## you do not enter it ## +Jesus begins to rebuke the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. -"you do not allow God to rule over you" +# But woe to you -## devour widows' houses ## +"How terrible it will be for you!" See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:21](../11/20.md). -"steal everything from women who have no men to protect them" +# You shut the kingdom of heaven against people -## son of hell ## +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. AT: "You prevent people from accepting our God in heaven as their king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"person who belongs in hell" or "person who should go to hell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# you do not enter it + +"you do not accept God as your king" + +# neither do you allow those about to enter to do so + +"neither do you allow those who want to accept God as their king to do so" + +# you go over sea and land + +This is an idiom that means they go to distant places. AT: "you travel great distances" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to make one convert + +"to make one person accept your religion" + +# son of hell + +Here "son of" is an idiom that means "one belonging to." AT: "person who belongs in hell" or "person who should go to hell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you devour widows' houses + +In the footnote, "devour" is a metaphor that means to take by force. Possible meanings are 1) "houses" refers to their houses. AT: "you steal widows' homes from them" or 2) "houses" is synecdoche for all their possessions. AT: "you steal all the possessions of widows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/16.md b/mat/23/16.md index d2b41ea61e..fbe0839a52 100644 --- a/mat/23/16.md +++ b/mat/23/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. +# blind guides ... blind fools -## blind guides...fools ## +The Jewish leaders were spiritually blind. Although they thought of themselves as teachers, they were unable to understand God's truth. See how you translated "blind guides" in [Matthew 15:14](../15/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Though the leaders are not physically blind, they cannot understand that they are wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# by the temple, it is nothing -## is bound to his oath ## +"by the temple does not have to keep his oath" -AT: "must do what he promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# is bound to his oath -## which is greater, the gold, or the temple that has consecrated the gold? ## +"is tied to his oath." Being required to do what one has said he would do in an oath is spoken of as if he is tied to the oath. AT: "must do what he promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Jesus uses this question to rebuke the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Which is greater, the gold or the temple that makes the gold holy? + +Jesus uses this question to rebuke the Pharisees because they treated the gold as if it were more important than the temple. AT: "The temple that has dedicated the gold to God is more important than the gold!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the temple that makes the gold holy + +"the temple that makes the gold belong to God alone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/18.md b/mat/23/18.md index 0c0390b74c..ce00912dc0 100644 --- a/mat/23/18.md +++ b/mat/23/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. +# And -## blind people ## +The understood information can be made clear. AT: "And you also say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -spiritually blind people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# it is nothing -## which is greater, the gift, or the altar that consecrates the gift? ## +"he does not have to do what he has sworn to do" or "he does not have to keep his oath" -Jesus uses this question to point out something they already know. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# the gift -## the gift ## +This is an animal or grain that a person would bring to God by putting it on God's altar. -a sacrifice of an animal or ground grain brought to God before it had been laid on the altar. Once laid on the altar, it was an offering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# is bound to his oath + +"is tied to his oath." Being required to do what one has said he would do in an oath is spoken of as if he is tied to the oath. AT: "must do what he promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# blind people + +The Jewish leaders were spiritually blind. Although they thought of themselves as teachers, they were unable to understand God's truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Which is greater, the gift or the altar that makes the gift holy? + +Jesus uses this question to rebuke the Pharisees for treating the gift as if it were more important than the altar. AT: "The altar that makes the gift holy is greater than the gift!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the altar that makes the gift holy + +"the altar that makes the gift special to God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/20.md b/mat/23/20.md index b3f098933a..739c1e3739 100644 --- a/mat/23/20.md +++ b/mat/23/20.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. \ No newline at end of file +# by everything on it + +"by all the gifts that people have placed on it" + +# the one who lives in it ... him who sits on it + +Both of these refer to God the Father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/23.md b/mat/23/23.md index f804cf6395..1d05941965 100644 --- a/mat/23/23.md +++ b/mat/23/23.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ -Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. +# Woe to you -## Woe to you ## +"How terrible it will be for you!" See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:21](../11/20.md). -See how you translated this in [Matthew 23:13](./13.md). +# mint and dill and cumin -## mint, dill, and cumin ## +These are various leaves and seeds people used to make food taste good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -leaves and seeds used to make food taste good (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# you have left undone -## You blind guides ## +"you have not obeyed" -These people are not physically blind. Jesus is comparing spiritual blindness to physical blindness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# the weightier matters -## you who strain out a gnat but swallow a camel ## +"the more important matters" -Being careful to follow the less important laws and ignoring the more important laws is as foolish as being careful not to swallow the smallest unclean animal but eating the meat of the largest unclean animal either purposely or unknowingly. AT: “you are as foolish as a person who strains out a gnat that falls into his drink but swallows a camel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# But these you ought to have done -## strain out a gnat ## +"You ought to have obeyed these more important laws" -drink through cloth that will keep the gnat from going into the mouth +# and not to have left the other undone -## gnat ## +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "while also obeying the less important laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# You blind guides + +Jesus uses this metaphor to describe the Pharisees. Jesus means that the Pharisees do not understand God's commands or how to please him. Therefore, they cannot teach others how to please God. See how you translated this metaphor in [Matthew 15:14](../15/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you who strain out a gnat but swallow a camel + +Being careful to follow the less important laws and ignoring the more important laws is as foolish as being careful not to swallow the smallest unclean animal but eating the meat of the largest unclean animal. AT: "you are as foolish as a person who strains out a gnat that falls into his drink but swallows a camel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# strain out a gnat + +This means to pour a liquid through a cloth to remove a gnat from a drink. + +# gnat a small flying insect \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/25.md b/mat/23/25.md index 530c38d7a4..5db1346bda 100644 --- a/mat/23/25.md +++ b/mat/23/25.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. +# Woe to you -## Woe to you ## +"How terrible it will be for you!" See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:21](../11/20.md). -See how you translated this in [Matthew 23:13](./13.md). +# For you clean the outside of the cup and of the plate, but inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence -## For you clean the outside of the cup and of the plate ## +This is a metaphor that means the scribes and Pharisees appear pure on the outside to others, but on the inside they are wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The "scribes" and "Pharisees" appear "pure on the outside" to others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# they are full of greed and self-indulgence -## inside they are full of extortion and excess ## +"they want what others have, and they act in the interest of the self" -"they take what belongs to others by force so they can have much more than they need" +# You blind Pharisee -## You blind Pharisee ## +The Pharisees were spiritually blind. Although they thought of themselves as teachers, they were unable to understand God's truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The Pharisees do not understand the truth. They are not physically blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Clean first the inside of the cup and of the plate, so that the outside may become clean also -## clean first the inside of the cup and of the plate, so that the outside may become clean also ## - -If their hearts are right with God, then their lives will show that as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a metaphor that means that if they would become pure in their inner being, then the result is that they would be pure on the outside as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/27.md b/mat/23/27.md index b3f098933a..22a0575497 100644 --- a/mat/23/27.md +++ b/mat/23/27.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. \ No newline at end of file +# you are like whitewashed tombs ... unclean + +This is a simile that means the scribes and Pharisees may appear to be pure on the outside, but they are wicked on the inside. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# whitewashed tombs + +"tombs that someone has painted white." The Jews would paint tombs white so that people would easily see them and avoid touching them. Touching a tomb would make a person ceremonially unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/29.md b/mat/23/29.md index b3f098933a..24afab6bb7 100644 --- a/mat/23/29.md +++ b/mat/23/29.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. \ No newline at end of file +# of the righteous + +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "of the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# in the days of our fathers + +"during the time of our forefathers" + +# we would not have been participants with them + +"we would not have joined with them" + +# shedding the blood of + +Here "blood" refers to life. To shed blood means to kill. AT: "killing" or "murdering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you are sons + +Here "sons" means "descendants." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/32.md b/mat/23/32.md index ed94143371..7c1f458723 100644 --- a/mat/23/32.md +++ b/mat/23/32.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. +# You also fill up the measure of your fathers -## you fill up the measure of your fathers' sin ## +Jesus uses this as a metaphor meaning the Pharisees will complete the wicked behavior that their forefathers started when they killed the prophets. AT: "You also finish the sins your ancestors began" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"you finish the sins your ancestors began" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# You serpents, you offspring of vipers -## You serpents, you offspring of vipers ## +Serpents and vipers are the same thing. They are dangerous and often symbols of evil. AT: "You are as evil as dangerous and poisonous snakes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"you are as evil as dangerous and poisonous snakes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# offspring of vipers -## how will you escape the judgment of hell? ## +Here "offspring" means "having the characteristic of." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Matthew 3:7](../03/07.md). -"there is no way for you to escape the judgment of hell!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# how will you escape the judgment of hell? + +Jesus uses this question as a rebuke. AT: "there is no way for you to escape the judgment of hell!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/34.md b/mat/23/34.md index 5341c99ad8..8c0af6fc66 100644 --- a/mat/23/34.md +++ b/mat/23/34.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to speak against the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. +# Connecting Statement: -## from ... Abel ... to ... Zechariah ## +Jesus continues to rebuke the religious leaders because of their hypocrisy. -Abel was the first victim of murder, and Zechariah was probably thought to be the last to be murdered by Jews in the temple. +# I am sending you prophets and wise men and scribes -## Zechariah ## +Sometimes the present tense is used to show that someone will do something very soon. AT: "I will send prophets, wise men, and scribes to you" -not the father of John the Baptist \ No newline at end of file +# upon you will come all the righteous blood that has been shed on the earth + +The phrase "upon you will come" is an idiom that means to receive punishment. To shed blood is a metonym meaning to kill people, so "righteous blood that has been shed on the earth" represents righteous people who have been killed. AT: "God will punish you for the murders of all the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the blood ... to the blood + +Here the word "blood" represents a person being killed. AT: "from the murder ... to the murder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Abel ... Zechariah + +Abel was the first victim of murder, and Zechariah was probably thought to be the last to be murdered, by Jews in the temple. These two men represent all the murdered righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Zechariah + +This Zechariah was not the father of John the Baptist. + +# whom you killed + +Jesus does not mean the people to whom he is speaking actually killed Zechariah. He means their ancestors did. + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/37.md b/mat/23/37.md index e8e2ce6f76..e9c8483c34 100644 --- a/mat/23/37.md +++ b/mat/23/37.md @@ -1,17 +1,39 @@ -Jesus says that he is sad because the people of Jerusalem have rejected God. +# Connecting Statement: -## Jerusalem, Jerusalem ## +Jesus mourns over the people of Jerusalem because they reject every messenger that God sends to them. + +# Jerusalem, Jerusalem Jesus speaks to the people of Jerusalem as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your children ## +# those who are sent to you -all of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom God sends to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## your house is left to you abandoned ## +# your children -AT: "God will leave your house, and it will be empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Jesus is speaking to Jerusalem as if it is a woman and the people are her children. AT: "your people" or "your inhabitants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your house ## +# just as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings -Possible meanings: 1) the city of Jerusalem (see UDB) or 2) the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a simile that emphasizes Jesus' love for the people and how he wanted to take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# hen + +a female chicken. You can translate with any bird that protects her children under her wing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# your house is left to you desolate + +"God will leave your house, and it will be empty" + +# your house + +Possible meanings are 1) "the city of Jerusalem" or 2) "the temple." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I say to you + +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord + +Here "in the name" means "in the power" or "as a representative." See how you translated this in [Matthew 21:9](../21/09.md). AT: "He who comes in the power of the Lord is blessed" or "He who comes as the representative of the Lord will be blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/23/intro.md b/mat/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3da9e7d2a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Matthew 23 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Hypocrites ##### + +The hypocrisy of the Pharisees is the major theme in this chapter. Jesus speaks at length about this hypocrisy. The Pharisees made rules that no one could actually obey, and then they persuade the ordinary people that they were guilty because they could not obey the rules. In addition, the Pharisees' own rules give them excuses for not obeying God's original commands in the Law of Moses. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Name calling ##### + +In most cultures, it is wrong to insult people. Many of the words in this chapter directed at the Pharisees can be taken as insults. They are called "hypocrites," "blind guides," "fools," and "serpents." Jesus uses these words to describe and condemn their behavior. + +##### Paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd or appears to contradict itself. For example, "he who is greatest among you will be your servant" ([Matthew 23:11-12](./11.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Matthew 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/01.md b/mat/24/01.md index b8d297db7a..d78646b9f4 100644 --- a/mat/24/01.md +++ b/mat/24/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Jesus begins to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. +# Connecting Statement: -## Do you not see all these things? ## +Jesus begins to describe events that will happen before he comes again during the end times. -Possible meanings: Jesus is talking about 1) the temple buildings (AT: "Let me tell you something about all these buildings.") or 2) the destruction he has just described ("You should have understood what I just told you, but you do not!"). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# from the temple + +It is implied that Jesus was not in the temple itself. He was in the courtyard around the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Do you not see all these things? + +Jesus uses a question to make the disciples think deeply about what he will tell them. AT: "Let me tell you something about all these buildings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# not one stone will be left on another that will not be torn down + +It is implied that enemy soldiers will tear down the stones. This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the enemy soldiers come, they will tear down every stone in these buildings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/03.md b/mat/24/03.md index ad1d1aad81..f32565271c 100644 --- a/mat/24/03.md +++ b/mat/24/03.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. +# What will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age -## Be careful that no one leads you astray ## +Here "your coming" refers to when Jesus will come in power, establishing God's reign on earth and bringing this age to an end. AT: "What will be the sign that you are about to come and that the world is about to end?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"Be careful that you do not believe anyone who lies to you about these things." \ No newline at end of file +# Be careful that no one leads you astray + +"Be careful that you do not believe anyone who lies to you about these things" + +# many will come in my name + +Here "name" refers to "in the authority" or "as the representative" of someone. AT: "many will claim that they have come as my representative" or "many will say they speak for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/06.md b/mat/24/06.md index 49181912a8..ab587f0512 100644 --- a/mat/24/06.md +++ b/mat/24/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples about the end times. +# See that you are not troubled -## see that you are not troubled ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not let these things trouble you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"do not let these things trouble you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# For nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom + +Both of these mean the same thing. Jesus is emphasizing that people everywhere will fight each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the beginning of birth pains + +This refers to the pains a woman feels before giving birth to a child. This metaphor means these wars, famines, and earthquakes are just the beginning of the events that will lead to the end of the age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/09.md b/mat/24/09.md index 5252694255..c3f0171f2d 100644 --- a/mat/24/09.md +++ b/mat/24/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to tell the disciples about the end times. +# they will deliver you up to tribulation and kill you -## they will deliver you up ## +"people will give you over to the authorities who will make you suffer and will kill you." -"People who want to persecute you will deliver you up" +# You will be hated by all the nations -## deliver you up ## +Here "nations" refers to the people of nations. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People from every nation will hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Translate this as you did in [Matthew 10:16](../10/16.md). \ No newline at end of file +# for my name's sake + +Here "name" refers to the complete person. AT: "because you believe in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will rise up + +"will come" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/12.md b/mat/24/12.md index b06e0e7102..23c1b06250 100644 --- a/mat/24/12.md +++ b/mat/24/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to talk with his disciples about the end times. +# lawlessness will increase -## the love of many will be extinguished ## +The abstract noun "lawlessness" can be translated with the phrase "disobeying the law". AT: "disobeying the law will increase" or "people will disobey God's law more and more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -Possible meanings: 1) "many people will no longer love other people" (see UDB) or 2) "many people will no longer love God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# the love of many will grow cold -## all the nations ## +Possible meanings are 1) "many people will no longer love other people" or 2) "many people will no longer love God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "all people in all places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the one who endures + +"whoever stays faithful" + +# to the end + +It is not clear whether the "end" means when a person dies, or when the persecution ends, or the end of the age when God shows himself to be king. The main point is that they endure as long as necessary. + +# will be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will deliver that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This gospel of the kingdom will be preached + +Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will speak this message about God's rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all the nations + +Here, "nations" stands for people. AT: "all people in all places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Then the end + +"The end of the world" or "The end of the age" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/15.md b/mat/24/15.md index e70bcc51de..398d45cfec 100644 --- a/mat/24/15.md +++ b/mat/24/15.md @@ -1,6 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. -​ +# the abomination of desolation -## which was spoken of by Daniel the prophet ## +"the shameful one who defiles the things of God" -AT: "about which Daniel the prophet wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# which was spoken of by Daniel the prophet + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "about which Daniel the prophet wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# let the reader understand + +This is not Jesus speaking. Matthew added this to alert the reader that Jesus was using words that they would need to think about and interpret. + +# let him who is on the housetop + +Housetops where Jesus lived were flat, and people could stand on them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/19.md b/mat/24/19.md index 63cc3e627c..ff0517b2b6 100644 --- a/mat/24/19.md +++ b/mat/24/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. +# those who are with child -## those who are with child ## +This is a polite way to say "pregnant women." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -pregnant women (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +# in those days -## winter ## +"at that time" + +# that your flight will not occur + +"that you do not have to flee" or "that you do not have to run away" + +# winter "the cold season" -## flesh ## +# Unless those days are shortened, no flesh would be saved -people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive and active form. AT: "If God does not shorten the time of suffering, everyone will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# flesh + +"people." Here, "flesh" is poetic way of saying all people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# those days will be shortened + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will shorten the time of suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/23.md b/mat/24/23.md index 7787d03f8a..076fb8138a 100644 --- a/mat/24/23.md +++ b/mat/24/23.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. +# Connecting Statement: -## do not believe it ## +Jesus continues speaking to his disciples. -"do not believe the false things they have said to you" \ No newline at end of file +# do not believe it + +"do not believe the false things they have said to you" + +# so as to lead astray + +This is an idiom. AT: "so as to cause people to disobey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# astray, if possible, even the elect + +This can be translated as a separate sentence. AT: "astray. If possible, they will even cause the elect to disobey God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/26.md b/mat/24/26.md index 67cb89f5a1..25e5c6992f 100644 --- a/mat/24/26.md +++ b/mat/24/26.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. +# if they say to you, 'Look, he is in the wilderness,' -## as the lightning shines … so will be the coming … ## +This can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "if someone tells you that the Christ is in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -He will come very fast and be easy to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# Or, 'See, he is in the inner rooms,' -## Wherever a dead animal is, there the vultures will gather ## +This can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Or, if someone tells you that the Christ is in the inner room" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -Possible meanings: 1) when the Son of Man comes, everyone will see him and know that he has come (see UDB) or 2) wherever spiritually dead people are, false prophets ([Matthew 24:9](./09.md)) will be there to tell them lies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# in the inner rooms -## vultures ## +"in a secret room" or "in secret places" + +# as the lightning shines ... so will be the coming + +This means the Son of Man will come very fast and he will be easy to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Wherever a dead animal is, there the vultures will gather + +This is probably a proverb that the people of Jesus' time understood. Possible meanings are 1) when the Son of Man comes, everyone will see him and know that he has come, or 2) wherever spiritually dead people are, false prophets will be there to tell them lies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# vultures birds that eat the bodies of dead or dying creatures \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/29.md b/mat/24/29.md index 49851434e5..0f03024ee3 100644 --- a/mat/24/29.md +++ b/mat/24/29.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. - -## immediately ## +# immediately "right away" -## those days ## +# the tribulation of those days -the days described in [Matthew 24:32](./32.md) +"that time of suffering" -## the sun will be darkened ## +# the sun will be darkened -"God will make the sun dark" (See: Active/Passive) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will make the sun dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the powers of the heavens will be shaken ## +# the powers of the heavens will be shaken -"God will shake things in the sky and above the sky" (See: Active/Passive) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will shake things in the sky and above the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/30.md b/mat/24/30.md index 0a131aa002..fefd7e9c96 100644 --- a/mat/24/30.md +++ b/mat/24/30.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. +# the Son of Man ... He ... his -## beat their breasts ## +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -hit their chests to show they are afraid of the coming punishment +# all the tribes -## they will gather ## +Here "tribes" refers to people. AT: "all the people of the tribes" or "all the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He will send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet + +"When the trumpet sounds, he will send his angels" or "When an angel blows the trumpet, he will send his angels" + +# they will gather "his angels will gather" -## his elect ## +# his elect -the people whom the Son of Man has chosen +These are the people whom the Son of Man has chosen. -## the four winds ## +# from the four winds, from one end of the sky to the other -AT: "from the north, the south, the east, and the west" (see UDB) or "from everywhere." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these mean the same thing. They are idioms that mean "from everywhere." AT: "from all over the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/32.md b/mat/24/32.md index d852b18581..1d088b2504 100644 --- a/mat/24/32.md +++ b/mat/24/32.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. +# he is near -## close to the gates ## +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "the time for me to come is near" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -like an attacking army ready to break into a city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# at the very gates + +"close to the gates." Jesus uses the imagery of a king or important official getting close to the gates of a walled city. It is a metaphor meaning the time for Jesus to come is soon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/34.md b/mat/24/34.md index 9fd83f08c5..67d43f8607 100644 --- a/mat/24/34.md +++ b/mat/24/34.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. +# Truly I say to you -## this generation will not pass away ## +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -"the people living today will not all die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +# this generation will not pass away -## until all of these things will have occurred ## +Here "pass away" is a polite way of referring to death. AT: "the people living today will not all die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -AT: "until God causes all these things to happen" +# until all of these things will have happened -## Heaven and the earth will pass away ## +"until God causes all these things to happen" -"Heaven and the earth will no longer exist" \ No newline at end of file +# Heaven and the earth will pass away + +"Heaven and the earth will no longer exist" + +# my words will never pass away + +Here "words" refers to what Jesus has said. AT: "what I say will always be true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/36.md b/mat/24/36.md index 92ee569d64..aabd92056d 100644 --- a/mat/24/36.md +++ b/mat/24/36.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. +# that day and hour -## nor the Son ## +Here "day" and "hour" refer to the exact time that the Son of Man will return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"not even the Son" \ No newline at end of file +# nor the Son + +"not even the Son" + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/37.md b/mat/24/37.md index 8c27a2d8ff..b7868ab48e 100644 --- a/mat/24/37.md +++ b/mat/24/37.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. +# As the days of Noah were, so will be the coming of the Son of Man -## As the days of Noah were, so will be the coming of the Son of Man ## +"At the time when the Son of Man comes, it will be like the time of Noah." -AT: "The day when the Son of Man comes again will be like the days of Noah were" because no one will know that bad things will happen to them. +# Son of Man -## For as in those days before the flood they were eating and drinking, ... took them all away—so will be the coming of the Son of Man ## +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -AT: "The days before the Son of Man comes will be like the days before the flood, when everyone was eating and drinking, ... took them all away" \ No newline at end of file +# the ark, and they knew nothing + +This can be translated as a separate sentence. AT: "the ark. And the people did not realize anything was happening" + +# away—so will be the coming of the Son of Man + +This can be translated as a separate sentence. AT: "away. This is how it will be when the Son of Man comes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/40.md b/mat/24/40.md index 25da4a0e1e..384d1b6a0b 100644 --- a/mat/24/40.md +++ b/mat/24/40.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples what will happen before he comes again. +# Connecting Statement: -## Then ## +Jesus begins to tell his disciples to be ready for his return. -When the Son of Man comes. +# Then -## one will be taken, and one will be left behind. ## +This is when the Son of Man comes. -Possible meanings: 1) God will take one away to heaven and will leave the other on earth for punishment (see UDB) or 2) the angels will take one away for punishment and leave the other for blessing (see [Matthew 13:40](../13/40.md)). +# one will be taken, and one will be left -## mill ## +Possible meanings are 1) the Son of Man will take one away to heaven and will leave the other on earth for punishment or 2) the angels will take one away for punishment and leave the other for blessing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# mill a tool for grinding -## Therefore ## +# Therefore "Because of what I have told you" -## be on your guard ## +# be on your guard "pay attention" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/43.md b/mat/24/43.md index 9281bffe55..6371f38a07 100644 --- a/mat/24/43.md +++ b/mat/24/43.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus tells his disciples how to get ready for his return. +# that if the master of the house ... broken into -## the thief ## +Jesus uses a parable of a master and servants to illustrate that his disciples should be prepared for his return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -Jesus is saying he will come when people are not expecting him, not that he will come to steal. +# the thief -## he would have been on guard ## +Jesus is saying he will come when people are not expecting him, not that he will come to steal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"he would have guarded his house" to keep it safe +# he would have been on guard -## and would not have allowed his house to be broken into ## +"he would have guarded his house" -"he would not have allowed anyone to get into his house to steal things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# would not have allowed his house to be broken into + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he would not have allowed anyone to get into his house to steal things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/45.md b/mat/24/45.md index a70cf596ae..9527a1f14a 100644 --- a/mat/24/45.md +++ b/mat/24/45.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples how to get ready for his return. +# Connecting Statement: -## So who is the faithful, wise servant, whom his master …? ## +Jesus continues his proverb of a master and servants to illustrate that his disciples should be prepared for his return. -AT: "So who is the faithful, wise servant? He is the one whom his master ...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# So who is the faithful and wise servant whom his master ... time? -## give them their food ## +Jesus uses this question to make his disciples think. AT: "So who is the faithful and wise servant? He is the one whom his master ... time." or "Be like the faithful and wise servant, whom his master ... time." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"give the people in the master's home their food" \ No newline at end of file +# give them their food + +"give the people in the master's home their food" + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/48.md b/mat/24/48.md index 2887913792..967bc589f8 100644 --- a/mat/24/48.md +++ b/mat/24/48.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples how to get ready for his return. +# Connecting Statement: -## says in his heart ## +Jesus concludes his proverb of a master and servants to illustrate that his disciples should be prepared for his return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) -"thinks in his mind" +# says in his heart -## make his fate ## +Here "heart" refers to the mind. AT: "thinks in his mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"to treat him" \ No newline at end of file +# My master has been delayed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My master is slow to return" or "My master will not return for a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on a day that the servant does not expect and at an hour that he does not know + +Both of these statements mean the same thing. They emphasize that the master will come when the servant is not expecting him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# make his fate + +"treat him" + +# cut him in pieces + +This is an idiom that means to make the person suffer terribly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# weeping and grinding of teeth + +This represents extreme sadness and suffering. See how you translated this in [Matthew 8:12](../08/11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/24/intro.md b/mat/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4ed617a7e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# Matthew 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Formatting #### + +In this chapter, Jesus begins to prophesy about the future leading up to his return as king of the universe. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The end of the world" ##### + +In this chapter, Jesus gives an answer to his disciples when they ask how they will know when he will come again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### The example of Noah ##### + +In the time of Noah, there was a great flood which God sent as punishment for the sins of man. There were many warnings about this coming flood, but it actually began suddenly. In this chapter, Jesus draws a comparison between that flood and the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Let" ##### + +The ULB uses this word to begin several commands of Jesus, such as "let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains" (24:16), "let him who is on the housetop not go down to take out anything that is in his house" (24:17), and "and let him who is in the field not return to take his cloak" (24:17). There are many different ways to form a command. Translators must select the most natural ways in their own languages. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Matthew 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/01.md b/mat/25/01.md index 83f0d832a2..1f57233480 100644 --- a/mat/25/01.md +++ b/mat/25/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus begins to tell a parable about wise and foolish virgins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +# Connecting Statement: -## lamps ## +Jesus tells a parable about wise and foolish virgins to illustrate that his disciples should be prepared for his return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -These could have been 1) lamps (see UDB) or 2) torches made by putting cloth around the end of a stick and wetting the cloth with oil. +# the kingdom of heaven will be like -## Five of them ## +Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](../13/24.md). AT: "when our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lamps + +These could have been 1) lamps or 2) torches made by putting cloth around the end of a stick and wetting the cloth with oil. + +# Five of them "Five of the virgins" -## did not take any oil with them ## +# did not take any oil with them "had with them only the oil in their lamps" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/05.md b/mat/25/05.md index 17cce19347..b13876c2ac 100644 --- a/mat/25/05.md +++ b/mat/25/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a parable about wise and foolish virgins. +# Now -## they all got sleepy ## +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Jesus starts to tell a new part of the story. -"all ten virgins got sleepy" \ No newline at end of file +# while the bridegroom was delayed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "while the bridegroom was taking a long time to arrive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they all got sleepy + +"all ten virgins got sleepy" + +# there was a cry + +"someone shouted" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/07.md b/mat/25/07.md index 7c9331855e..1ab4013317 100644 --- a/mat/25/07.md +++ b/mat/25/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a parable about wise and foolish virgins. +# Connecting Statement: -## trimmed their lamps ## +Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# trimmed their lamps "adjusted their lamps so they would burn brightly" -## The foolish said to the wise ## +# The foolish said to the wise -"The foolish virgins said to the wise virgins" +These nominal adjectives can be stated as adjectives. AT: "The foolish virgins said to the wise virgins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## our lamps are going out ## +# our lamps are going out -“the fire in our lamps is no longer burning brightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "the fire in our lamps is about to burn out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/10.md b/mat/25/10.md index 65a8848695..d3f7991480 100644 --- a/mat/25/10.md +++ b/mat/25/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples a parable about wise and foolish virgins. +# Connecting Statement: -## they went away ## +Jesus concludes the parable about the ten virgins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# they went away "the five foolish virgins went away" -## those who were ready ## +# to buy -the virgins who had extra oil +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "to buy more oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## the door was shut ## +# those who were ready -AT: "someone shut the door" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These are the virgins who had extra oil. -## open for us ## +# the door was shut -"open the door for us so we can come inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the servants shut the door" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I do not know you ## +# open for us -“I do not know who you are.” \ No newline at end of file +This implicit information can be stated explicitly. AT: "open the door for us so we can come inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what the master says next. + +# I do not know you + +"I do not know who you are." This is the end of the parable. + +# you do not know the day or the hour + +Here "day" and "hour" refer to an exact time. The implied information can be stated explicitly. AT: "you do not know the exact time when the Son of Man will return" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/14.md b/mat/25/14.md index aca62662f9..cc794ec692 100644 --- a/mat/25/14.md +++ b/mat/25/14.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -Jesus begins to tell a parable about faithful and unfaithful servants. +# Connecting Statement: -## it is like ## +Jesus tells a parable about faithful and unfaithful servants to illustrate that his disciples should remain faithful during his absence and be prepared for his return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -"the kingdom of heaven is like" (See [Matthew 25:1](./01.md)) +# it is like -## was about to go ## +"the kingdom of heaven is like" (See: [Matthew 13:24](../13/24.md)) + +# was about to go "was ready to go" or "was to go soon" -## gave over to them his wealth ## +# gave over to them his wealth "put them in charge of his wealth" -## his wealth ## +# his wealth "his property" -## five talents ## +# five talents -A "talent" was worth twenty years' wages. Avoid translating this into modern money. The parable is comparing the relative amounts of five, two, and one as well as the large amount of wealth involved. (See UDB, "five bags of gold" and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +"five talents of gold." Avoid translating this into modern money. A "talent" of gold was worth twenty years' wages. The parable is contrasting the relative amounts of five, two, and one, as well as the large amount of wealth involved. AT: "five bags of gold" or "five bags of gold, each worth 20 years' wages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## he went on his journey ## +# to another he gave two ... gave one talent -"the master went on his journey" +The word "talents" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "to another he gave two talents of gold ... gave one talent of gold" or "to another he gave two bags of gold ... gave one bag of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## and made another five talents ## +# according to his own ability -"and earned another five talents" \ No newline at end of file +The implicit information can be stated explicitly. AT: "according to each servant's skill in managing wealth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# made another five talents + +"out of his investments, he earned another five talents" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/17.md b/mat/25/17.md index e005adc7f3..05a8ea9ef8 100644 --- a/mat/25/17.md +++ b/mat/25/17.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a parable about faithful and unfaithful servants. +# Connecting Statement: -## made another two ## +Jesus continues telling a parable about the servants and the talents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# made another two "earned another two talents" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/19.md b/mat/25/19.md index c76dcc3351..d9ec5a4058 100644 --- a/mat/25/19.md +++ b/mat/25/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a parable about faithful and unfaithful servants. +# Connecting Statement: -## I have made five more talents ## +Jesus continues telling the parable about the servants and the talents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Jesus starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# I have made five talents more "I have earned five more talents" -## talents ## +# talents -See how you translated this in [Matthew 25:14](./14.md). +A "talent" was worth twenty years' wages. Avoid translating this into modern money. See how you translated this in [Matthew 25:15](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## Well done ## +# Well done -"You have done well" or "You have done right." Your culture might have an expression that a master (or someone in authority) would use to show that he approves of what his servant (or someone under him) has done. \ No newline at end of file +"You have done well" or "You have done right." Your culture might have an expression that a master (or someone in authority) would use to show that he approves of what his servant (or someone under him) has done. + +# Enter into the joy of your master + +The phrase "Enter into the joy" is an idiom. Also, the master is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "Come and be happy with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/22.md b/mat/25/22.md index ad1dc51215..9d683d3acc 100644 --- a/mat/25/22.md +++ b/mat/25/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a parable about faithful and unfaithful servants. +# Connecting Statement: -## I have made ... more talents ## +Jesus continues telling the parable about the servants and the talents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -See how you translated this in [Matthew 25:19](./19.md). +# I have made two more talents -## Well done ... the joy of your master ## +"I have earned two more talents" -See how you translated this in [Matthew 25:19](./19.md). \ No newline at end of file +# Well done + +"You have done well" or "You have done right." Your culture might have an expression that a master (or someone in authority) would use to show that he approves of what his servant (or someone under him) has done. See how you translated this in [Matthew 25:21](./19.md). + +# Enter into the joy of your master + +The phrase "Enter into the joy" is an idiom. Also, the master is speaking about himself in the third person. See how you translated this in [Matthew 25:21](./19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/24.md b/mat/25/24.md index 745b1109f0..79cbeb1e0f 100644 --- a/mat/25/24.md +++ b/mat/25/24.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a parable about faithful and unfaithful servants. +# Connecting Statement: -## you reap where you did not sow, and you harvest where you did not scatter ## +Jesus continues telling the parable about the servants and the talents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -AT: "you gather garden food from gardens in which you paid someone else to put the seed in the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# You reap where you did not sow, and you harvest where you did not scatter -## scatter ## +These two statements mean the same thing. They refer to a farmer who gathers crops that do not belong to him. The servant uses this metaphor to accuse the master of being a ruthless businessman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# scatter In those days they often threw small amounts of seed around instead of planting in rows. -## See, you have here what belongs to you ## +# See, you have here what belongs to you "Look, here is what is yours" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/26.md b/mat/25/26.md index 1cc9b2e738..5beef7153a 100644 --- a/mat/25/26.md +++ b/mat/25/26.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a parable about faithful and unfaithful servants. +# Connecting Statement: -## You wicked and lazy servant ## +Jesus continues telling a parable about the servants and the talents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# You wicked and lazy servant "You are a wicked servant who does not want to work" -## I reap where I have not sowed and harvest where I have not scattered ## +# I reap where I have not sowed and harvest where I have not scattered -See how you translated this idea in [Matthew 25:24](./24.md) +These two statements mean the same thing. They refer to a farmer who gathers crops that do not belong to him. The servant uses this metaphor to accuse the master of being a ruthless businessman. See how you translated this in [Matthew 25:24](./24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## received back my own ## +# received back my own -"received back my own gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "received back my own money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## interest ## +# interest payment from the banker for the temporary use of the master's money \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/28.md b/mat/25/28.md index 79813c37a7..9a7e567182 100644 --- a/mat/25/28.md +++ b/mat/25/28.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ -Jesus continues to tell a parable about faithful and unfaithful servants. +# Connecting Statement: -## even more abundantly ## +Jesus concludes the parable about the servants and the talents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# take away the talent + +The master is speaking to other servants. + +# talent + +A "talent" was worth twenty years' wages. Avoid translating this into modern money. See how you translated this in [Matthew 25:15](./14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# who possesses + +It is implied that the person who possesses something also uses it wisely. AT: "who uses well what he has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# more will be given + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will give him more" or "I will give him more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# even more abundantly "even much more" -## where there will be weeping and grinding of teeth ## +# from anyone who does not possess anything -“where people will cry and grind their teeth.” \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that the person does possess something but he does not use it wisely. AT: "from anyone does not use well what he has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will be taken away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will take away" or "I will take away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and grinding of teeth + +"outside into the dark where there is only crying and grinding of teeth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/31.md b/mat/25/31.md index 8ed8fb8eb8..8cbf91f0d5 100644 --- a/mat/25/31.md +++ b/mat/25/31.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Jesus begins to tell his disciples how he will judge people at the end of the age. +# Connecting Statement: -## Before him will be gathered all the nations ## +Jesus begins to tell his disciples how he will judge people when he returns at the end time. -AT: "He will gather all the nations before him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# the Son of Man -## Before him ## +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Before him will be gathered all the nations + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He will gather all the nations before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Before him "In front of him" -## all the nations ## +# all the nations -"all people from every country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "nations" refers to people. AT: "all people from every country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## goats - ## +# as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats -** Goats are medium-sized four-footed mammals that are similar to sheep, often domesticated or herded like sheep. +Jesus uses a simile to describe how he will separate the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## He will place ## +# He will place the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on his left -"the Son of Man will place" \ No newline at end of file +This is a metaphor that means the Son of Man will separate all people. He will put the righteous people at his right side, and he will put the sinners at his left side. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/34.md b/mat/25/34.md index 1a9c66b36f..544d542cc6 100644 --- a/mat/25/34.md +++ b/mat/25/34.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples how he will judge people at the end of the age. +# the King ... his right hand -## the King ## +Here, "the King" is another title for the Son of Man. Jesus was referring to himself in the third person. AT: "I, the King, ... my right hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -"the Son of Man" ([Matthew 25:31](./31.md)) +# Come, you who have been blessed by my Father -## those on his right hand ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Come, you whom my Father has blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -the "sheep" ([Matthew 25:31](./31.md)) +# my Father -## Come, you who have been blessed by my Father ## +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -AT: "Come, you whom my Father has blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# inherit the kingdom prepared for you -## inherit the kingdom prepared for you ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "inherit the kingdom that God has made ready for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "inherit the kingdom that God has made ready for you" \ No newline at end of file +# inherit the kingdom prepared for you + +Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "receive the blessings of God's rule that he has planned to give you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the foundation of the world + +"since he first created the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/37.md b/mat/25/37.md index 1da1366558..47755afb9f 100644 --- a/mat/25/37.md +++ b/mat/25/37.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples how he will judge people at the end of the age. +# the righteous -## the King ## +This can be stated as an adjective. AT: "the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -"the Son of Man" ([Matthew 25:31](./31.md)) +# Or thirsty ... Or naked -## say to them ## +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "Or when did we see you thirsty ... Or when did we see you naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the King + +This is another title for the Son of Man. Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# say to them "say to those at his right hand" -## brothers ## +# Truly I say to you -If your language has a word that would include both male and female, use it here. +"I tell you the truth." This emphasizes what the King says next. -## you did it for me ## +# one of the least + +"one of the least important" + +# of these brothers of mine + +Here "brothers" refers to anyone, male or female, who obeys the King. AT: "my brothers and sisters here" or "these who are like my brothers and sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# you did it for me "I consider that you did it for me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/41.md b/mat/25/41.md index 32a852d625..13c7ee763e 100644 --- a/mat/25/41.md +++ b/mat/25/41.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples how he will judge people at the end of the age. +# Then he will -## you cursed ## +"Then the King will." Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# you cursed "you people whom God has cursed" -## the eternal fire that has been prepared ## +# the eternal fire that has been prepared -AT: "the eternal fire that God has prepared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the eternal fire that God has prepared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## his angels ## +# his angels his helpers -## you did not clothe me ## +# naked, but you did not clothe me -“you did not give me clothes" +The words "I was" preceding "naked" are understood. AT: "I was naked, but you did not give me clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## sick and in prison ## +# sick and in prison -"I was sick and in prison" \ No newline at end of file +The words "I was" preceding "sick" are understood. AT: "I was sick and in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/44.md b/mat/25/44.md index c8fdbf7501..fc9c970467 100644 --- a/mat/25/44.md +++ b/mat/25/44.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues to tell his disciples how he will judge people at the end of the age. +# Connecting Statement: -## they will also answer ## +Jesus finishes telling his disciples how he will judge people when he returns at the end time. -"those on his left" ([Matthew 25:41](./41.md)) will also answer +# General Information: -## for one of the least of these ## +This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 23:1](../23/01.md), where Jesus teaches about salvation and the final judgment. + +# they will also answer + +"those on his left will also answer" + +# for one of the least of these "for any of the least important ones of my people" -## you did not do for me ## +# you did not do for me -“I consider that you did not do it for me” or "I was really the one whom you did not help" +"I consider that you did not do it for me" or "I was really the one whom you did not help" -## eternal punishment ## +# These will go away into eternal punishment -"punishment that never ends" +"The King will send these to a place where they will receive punishment that never ends" -## the righteous into eternal life ## +# but the righteous into eternal life -"the righteous people will go into eternal life" \ No newline at end of file +The understood information can be made clear. AT: "but the King will send the righteous to the place where they will live forever with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the righteous + +This nominative adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/25/intro.md b/mat/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9af86a421d --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Matthew 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Formatting #### + +This chapter continues the teaching of the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The parable of the ten virgins ##### + +Among the Jews, when a marriage was arranged, there was a period of time before the wedding. At the end of this time, the young man would go to his bride's house, where she was waiting for him. The wedding ceremony would then take place. With great celebration they would then travel to the groom's home, where there would be a feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +Jesus makes use of these customs to tell his parable of the ten virgins ([Matthew 25:1-13](./01.md)). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Matthew 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/01.md b/mat/26/01.md index 72345314fa..10d86e9a6b 100644 --- a/mat/26/01.md +++ b/mat/26/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Jesus begins to tell the disciples how he will suffer and die. +# General Information: -## It came about that ## +This is the beginning of a new part of the story that tells of Jesus' crucifixion, death, and resurrection. Here he tells his disciples how he will suffer and die. -If your language has a way to mark the beginning of a new part of the story, consider using it here. +# It came about that when -## all these words ## +This phrase shifts the story from Jesus' teachings to what happened next. AT: "Then" or "After" -the words of [Matthew 24:3](../24/03.md) +# all these words -## the Son of Man will be delivered up to be crucified ## +This refers to all that Jesus taught starting in [Matthew 24:3](../24/03.md). -"Some men will give the Son of Man to other people who will crucify him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the Son of Man will be delivered up to be crucified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "some men will give the Son of Man to other people who will crucify him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/03.md b/mat/26/03.md index c5eb555c06..709beee6b5 100644 --- a/mat/26/03.md +++ b/mat/26/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -The Jewish leaders plot to have Jesus arrested and killed. +# Connecting Statement: -## stealthily ## +These verses give background information about the Jewish leaders' plot to arrest and kill Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -"secretly" +# were gathered together -## during the feast ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "came together" or "met together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -during the yearly Passover feast \ No newline at end of file +# Jesus stealthily + +"Jesus secretly" + +# Not during the feast + +What the leaders did not want to do during the feast can be made more clear. AT: "We should not kill Jesus during the feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the feast + +This is the yearly Passover feast. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/06.md b/mat/26/06.md index 7d2cb4cc66..e976362b78 100644 --- a/mat/26/06.md +++ b/mat/26/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -A woman puts oil on Jesus before his death. +# Connecting Statement: -## reclining ## +This begins the account of a woman pouring expensive oil on Jesus before his death. -lying on his side. You can use your language's word for the position people usually are in when they eat. +# Now -## a woman came to him ## +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. -a woman came to Jesus +# Simon the leper -## alabaster jar ## +It is implied that this is a man whom Jesus had healed from leprosy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -a container that costs much to buy made of soft stone +# he was reclining -## ointment ## +"Jesus was lying on his side." You can use your language's word for the position people usually are in when they eat. + +# a woman came to him + +"a woman came to Jesus" + +# alabaster jar + +This is a costly container made of soft stone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# ointment oil that has a pleasing smell -## What is the reason for this waste? ## +# she poured it upon his head -"This woman has done a bad thing by wasting this ointment!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The woman does this to honor Jesus. + +# What is the reason for this waste? + +The disciples ask this question out of their anger over the woman's actions. AT: "This woman has done a bad thing by wasting this ointment!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# This could have been sold for a large amount and given + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "She could have sold this for a large amount of money and given the money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to the poor + +Here "the poor" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "to poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/10.md b/mat/26/10.md index c0fab1b439..24f57973fc 100644 --- a/mat/26/10.md +++ b/mat/26/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Jesus praises the woman who anointed him before his death. +# Why are you troubling this woman? -## Why are you troubling this woman? ## +Jesus asks this question as a rebuke of his disciples. AT: "You should not be troubling this woman!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "You should not be troubling this woman!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Why are you -## You ... you ... you ## +All occurrences of "you" are plural and refer to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -the disciples \ No newline at end of file +# the poor + +This can be stated as an adjective. AT: "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/12.md b/mat/26/12.md index e4c45f8c24..493bc2c5a6 100644 --- a/mat/26/12.md +++ b/mat/26/12.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to praise the woman who anointed him before his death. \ No newline at end of file +# ointment + +This is oil that has a pleasing smell. See how you translated this in [Matthew 26:7](./06.md). + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# wherever this gospel is preached + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "wherever people preach this gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what this woman has done will also be spoken of in memory of her + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will remember what this woman has done and will tell others about her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/14.md b/mat/26/14.md index 58f5107835..c4039e3200 100644 --- a/mat/26/14.md +++ b/mat/26/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -One of the disciples agrees to help the Jewish leaders arrest and kill Jesus. +# Connecting Statement: -## deliver him to you ## +Judas Iscariot agrees to help the Jewish leaders arrest and kill Jesus. -"turn Jesus over to you" or "help you arrest Jesus" +# to deliver him to you -## thirty pieces of silver ## +"to turn Jesus over to you" or "to help you arrest Jesus" + +# thirty pieces of silver Since these words are the same as those in an Old Testament prophecy, keep this form instead of changing it to modern money. -## to deliver him to them ## +# thirty pieces + +"30 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to deliver him to them "to help the chief priests arrest Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/17.md b/mat/26/17.md index a70e298be9..e0274e5447 100644 --- a/mat/26/17.md +++ b/mat/26/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Jesus gets ready to eat the Passover meal with his disciples. +# Connecting Statement: -## He said, "Go into the city to a certain man and say to him, 'The Teacher says, "My time is at hand; I will keep the Passover at your house with my disciples."'" ## +This begins the account of Jesus celebrating the Passover with his disciples. -Jesus is telling his disciples to tell another man Jesus' message to that man. AT: “He told his disciples to go into the city to a certain man and tell him that the Teacher says to him, 'My time is at hand. I will keep the Passover at your house with my disciples.'” or “He told his disciples to go into the city to a certain man and say to him that the Teacher says his time is at hand and he will keep the Passover with his disciples at that man's house.” +# Now -## My time ## +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. -Possible meanings: 1) "The time that I told you about" (UDB) or 2) "The time God has set for me." +# He said, "Go into the city to a certain man and say to him, 'The Teacher says, "My time is at hand. I will keep the Passover at your house with my disciples."'" -## is at hand ## +This has quotations within quotations. You can state some of the direct quotations as indirect quotations. AT: "He told his disciples to go into the city to a certain man and tell him that the Teacher says to him, 'My time is at hand. I will keep the Passover at your house with my disciples'" or "He told his disciples to go into the city to a certain man and say to him that the Teacher's time is at hand and he will keep the Passover with his disciples at that man's house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -Possible meanings: 1) "is near" (UDB) or 2) "has come." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# My time -## keep the Passover ## +Possible meanings are 1) "The time that I told you about" or 2) "The time God has set for me." + +# is at hand + +Possible meanings are 1) "is near" or 2) "has come." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# keep the Passover "eat the Passover meal" or "celebrate the Passover by eating the special meal" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/20.md b/mat/26/20.md index 4b9e89cd5a..6e9a7e3dc1 100644 --- a/mat/26/20.md +++ b/mat/26/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Jesus teaches his disciples as he eats the Passover meal with them. - -## he sat down to eat ## +# he sat down to eat Use the word for the position people in your culture usually are in when they eat. -## Surely not I, Lord? ## +# Truly I say to you -"I am surely not the one, am I, Lord?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# Surely not I, Lord? + +"I am surely not the one, am I, Lord?" Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question since the apostles were sure they would not betray Jesus. AT: "Lord, I would never betray you!" or 2) this was a sincere question since Jesus' statement probably troubled and confused them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/23.md b/mat/26/23.md index 3251179881..62311da426 100644 --- a/mat/26/23.md +++ b/mat/26/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples as he eats the Passover meal with them. +# The Son of Man -## that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed ## +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -"the man who betrays the Son of Man" +# will go -## You have said it yourself ## +Here "go" is a polite way to refer to dying. AT: "will go to his death" or "will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -"As you have said, you are the one" or "You have just admitted it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# just as it is written about him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as the prophets wrote about him in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the man who betrays the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Is it I, Rabbi? + +"Rabbi, am I the one who will betray you?" Judas may be using a rhetorical question to deny that he is the one who will betray Jesus. AT: "Rabbi, surely I am not the one who will betray you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You have said it yourself + +This is an idiom that Jesus uses to mean "yes" without being completely clear about what he means. AT: "You are saying it" or "You are admitting it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/26.md b/mat/26/26.md index de4c9c63a5..db067ddc28 100644 --- a/mat/26/26.md +++ b/mat/26/26.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples as he eats the Passover meal with them. +# Connecting Statement: -## took … blessed … broke ## +Jesus institutes the Lord's Supper as he celebrates the Passover with his disciples. -Translate these as you did in [Matthew 14:19](../14/19.md). \ No newline at end of file +# took ... blessed ... broke + +See how you translated these words in [Matthew 14:19](../14/19.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/27.md b/mat/26/27.md index ec9897c096..e71e76c36d 100644 --- a/mat/26/27.md +++ b/mat/26/27.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples as he eats the Passover meal with them. +# He took -## took ## +Translate "took" as you did in [Matthew 14:19](../14/19.md). -Translate this as you did in [Matthew 14:19](../14/19.md). +# a cup -## gave it to them ## +Here "cup" refers to the cup and the wine in it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# gave it to them "gave it to the disciples" -## blood of the covenant ## +# Drink it + +"Drink the wine from this cup" + +# For this is my blood + +"For this wine is my blood" + +# blood of the covenant "blood that shows that the covenant is in effect" or "blood that makes the covenant possible" -## is poured out ## +# is poured out -“is poured out in death” or “will soon flow out of my body" or "will flow out of my wounds when I die” +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will soon flow out of my body" or "will flow out of my wounds when I die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## fruit of the vine ## +# I say to you -"wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# fruit of the vine + +This is an idiom. AT: "wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in my Father's kingdom + +Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. AT: "when my Father establishes his rule on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my Father's + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/30.md b/mat/26/30.md index d0b10be79a..68d5f31205 100644 --- a/mat/26/30.md +++ b/mat/26/30.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + Jesus continues to teach his disciples as they walk to the Mount of Olives. -## hymn ## +# General Information: + +In verse 31, Jesus quotes the prophet Zechariah to show that in order to fulfill prophecy, all of his disciples will leave him. + +# hymn a song of praise to God -## fall away ## +# fall away "leave me" -## the sheep of the flock will be scattered ## +# for it is written -AT: 1) "they will scatter all the sheep of the flock" (UDB) or 2) "the sheep of the flock will run off in all directions." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the prophet Zechariah wrote long ago in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## sheep of the flock ## +# I will strike -the disciples (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "I" refers to God. It is implied that God will cause or allow people to harm and kill Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## after I am raised up ## +# the shepherd ... sheep of the flock -AT: "after God raises me up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These are metaphors that refer to Jesus and the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I am raised up ## +# the sheep of the flock will be scattered -AT: "God raises me up from the dead" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will scatter all the sheep of the flock" or "the sheep of the flock will run off in all directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# after I am raised up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after God raises me up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/33.md b/mat/26/33.md index 4dfb260746..377cddde04 100644 --- a/mat/26/33.md +++ b/mat/26/33.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples as they walk to the Mount of Olives. +# fall away -## fall away ## +See how you translated this in [Matthew 26:31](./30.md). -Translate this as you did in [Matthew 26:30](./30.md). +# Truly I say to you -## before the rooster crows ## +"I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -AT: "before the sun comes up" +# before the rooster crows -## rooster ## +Roosters crow when the sun comes up. AT: "before the sun comes up" + +# rooster a bird that calls out loudly around the time the sun comes up -## crows ## +# crows -the sound a rooster makes \ No newline at end of file +This is the sound a rooster makes. + +# you will deny me three times + +"you will say three times that you are not my follower" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/36.md b/mat/26/36.md index e76efd0ac8..7440b85036 100644 --- a/mat/26/36.md +++ b/mat/26/36.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues to teach his disciples as they walk to the Mount of Olives. +# Connecting Statement: -## sorrowful ## +This begins the account of Jesus praying in Gethsemane. -very sad \ No newline at end of file +# began to become sorrowful + +"he became very sad" + +# My soul is deeply sorrowful + +Here "soul" refers to the whole person. AT: "I am very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# even to death + +This is an idiom. AT: "I feel like I could even die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/39.md b/mat/26/39.md index b42d5e0517..2f03e8dd4f 100644 --- a/mat/26/39.md +++ b/mat/26/39.md @@ -1,5 +1,31 @@ -This begins the account of Jesus praying in the garden of Gethsemane. +# fell on his face -## fell on his face ## +He purposely lay face down on the ground to pray. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -purposely lay face down on the ground to pray (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# My Father + +This is an important title for God that shows the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# let this cup pass from me + +Here "cup" is a metonym that stands for the cup and the contents within it. The contents in the cup are a metaphor for the suffering that Jesus will have to endure. Jesus is asking the Father if it is possible for him not to have to suffer and die in the way Jesus knows he will in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yet, not as I will, but as you will + +This can be expressed as a full sentence. AT: "But do not do what I want, but do what you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# he said to Peter, "What, could you not watch + +Jesus is speaking to Peter, but the "you" is plural referring to Peter, James, and John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# What, could you not watch with me for one hour? + +Jesus uses a question to scold Peter, James, and John. AT: "I am disappointed that you could not stay awake with me for one hour!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you do not enter into temptation + +Here the abstract noun "temptation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "no one tempts you to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak + +Here "spirit" is a metonym that stands for a person's desires. And, "flesh" refers to a human as a whole. Jesus means they may have the desire to do what God wants, but as humans they are weak and will fail. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/42.md b/mat/26/42.md index b2e6e63323..168a195748 100644 --- a/mat/26/42.md +++ b/mat/26/42.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus praying in the garden of Gethsemane. - -## He went away ## +# He went away "Jesus went away" -## unless I drink it ## +# a second time ... third time -"unless I drink this cup of suffering" +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## their eyes were heavy ## +# My Father -"they were very sleepy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# if this cannot pass away unless I drink it + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "if I must drink it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# if this + +Here "this" refers to the cup and the contents within it. (See: [Matthew 26:39](./39.md)) + +# unless I drink it + +"unless I drink from it" or "unless I drink from this cup of suffering" + +# your will be done + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may what you want happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# their eyes were heavy + +This is an idiom. AT: "they were very sleepy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/45.md b/mat/26/45.md index a57455f144..e7896e35af 100644 --- a/mat/26/45.md +++ b/mat/26/45.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus praying in the garden of Gethsemane. +# Are you still sleeping and taking your rest? -## the hour is at hand ## +Jesus uses a question to scold the disciples for going to sleep. AT: "I am disappointed that you are still sleeping and resting!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"the time has come" +# the hour is at hand -## the hands of sinners ## +This is an idiom. AT: "the time has come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"sinful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# the Son of Man is being betrayed -## Look ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone is betraying the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." \ No newline at end of file +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# into the hands of sinners + +Here "hands" refers to power or control. AT: "and is handing him over to the power of sinners" or "and is giving him over to sinners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Look + +"Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/47.md b/mat/26/47.md index 5239c75a65..c63b128a8a 100644 --- a/mat/26/47.md +++ b/mat/26/47.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus praying in the garden of Gethsemane. +# Connecting Statement: -## While he was still speaking ## +This begins the account of when Judas betrayed Jesus and the religious leaders arrested him. + +# While he was still speaking "While Jesus was still speaking" -## saying, "Whomever I kiss, he is the one. Seize him." ## +# clubs -"saying that whomever he kissed was the one they should seize." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +large pieces of hard wood for hitting people -## Whomever I kiss ## +# Now ... Seize him -"The one I will kiss" or "The man whom I will kiss" (UDB) +Here "Now" is used to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew tells background information about Judas and the signal he planned to use to betray Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## kiss ## +# saying, "Whomever I kiss, he is the one. Seize him." -a respectful way to greet one's teacher \ No newline at end of file +This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "saying that whomever he kissed was the one they should seize" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Whomever I kiss + +"The one I will kiss" or "The man whom I will kiss" + +# kiss + +This was a respectful way to greet one's teacher. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/49.md b/mat/26/49.md index 36fddcb036..04a46b0717 100644 --- a/mat/26/49.md +++ b/mat/26/49.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -This begins the account of the arrest of Jesus in the garden of Gethsemane. - -## he came up to Jesus ## +# he came up to Jesus "Judas came up to Jesus" -## kissed him ## +# kissed him "met him with a kiss" -## laid hands on Jesus ## +# Then they came -took hold of Jesus planning to harm him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "they" refers to the people with clubs and swords that came with Judas and the religious leaders. -## seized him ## +# laid hands on Jesus, and seized him -made him a prisoner \ No newline at end of file +"grabbed Jesus and arrested him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/51.md b/mat/26/51.md index d68e2ff655..6b10c9e2e9 100644 --- a/mat/26/51.md +++ b/mat/26/51.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -This continues the account of the arrest of Jesus in the garden of Gethsemane. +# Behold -## Behold ## +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -The writer is bringing a new person into the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. +# who take up the sword -## Do you think that I could not call upon my Father, and he would send me more than twelve legions of angels? ## +The implied information can be stated explicitly. AT: "who pick up a sword to kill others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "You should know that I could call upon my Father, and he would send me more than twelve legions of angels." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# will perish by the sword -## more than twelve legions of angels ## +"will die by means of the sword" or "it is with the sword that someone will kill them" -The exact number of angels is not important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# Do you think that I could not call ... angels? -## legions ## +Jesus uses a question to remind the person with the sword that Jesus could stop those who are arresting him. AT: "Surely you know that I could call ... angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -divisions of the Roman army of about six thousand soldiers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Do you think + +Here "you" is singular and refers to the person with the sword. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# more than twelve legions of angels + +The word "legion" is a military term that refers to a group of about 6,000 soldiers. Jesus means God would send enough angels to easily stop those who are arresting Jesus. The exact number of angels is not important. AT: "more than 12 really large groups of angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# But how then would the scriptures be fulfilled, that this must happen? + +Jesus uses a question to explain why he is letting these people arrest him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "But if I did that, I would not be able to fulfill what God said in the scriptures must happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/55.md b/mat/26/55.md index ef12d72d5f..6a834604d0 100644 --- a/mat/26/55.md +++ b/mat/26/55.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of the arrest of Jesus in the garden of Gethsemane. +# Have you come out with swords and clubs to seize me like a robber? -## Have you come out with swords and clubs to seize me like a robber? ## +Jesus is using this question to point out the wrong actions of those arresting him. AT: "You know that I am not a robber, so it is wrong for you to come out to me bringing swords and clubs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "You know that I am not a robber, so it is wrong for you to come out to me bringing swords and clubs." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## clubs ## +# clubs large pieces of hard wood for hitting people -## left him ## +# in the temple -If your language has a word that means that they left him when they should have stayed with him, use it here. \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that Jesus was not in the actual temple. He was in the courtyard around the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the writings of the prophets might be fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I would fulfill all that the prophets wrote in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# left him + +If your language has a word that means they left him when they should have stayed with him, use it here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/57.md b/mat/26/57.md index d1d82b4532..6794e49510 100644 --- a/mat/26/57.md +++ b/mat/26/57.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -This begins the account of Jesus being questioned by the high priest. +# Connecting Statement: -## courtyard of the high priest ## +This begins the account of Jesus' trial before the council of Jewish religious leaders. -an open area near the high priest's house \ No newline at end of file +# Peter followed him + +"Peter followed Jesus" + +# courtyard of the high priest + +an open area near the high priest's house + +# He went inside + +"Peter went inside" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/59.md b/mat/26/59.md index 87eacc706a..4b399b7400 100644 --- a/mat/26/59.md +++ b/mat/26/59.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus being questioned by the high priest. +# Now -## two came forward ## +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. -"two men came forward" (UDB) or "two witnesses came forward" +# so that they -## said, "This man said, 'I am able to destroy the temple of God and rebuild it in three days.'" ## +Here "they" refers to the chief priests and the members of the council. -AT: "testified that they heard Jesus say he was able to destroy the temple of God and rebuild it in three days." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +# might put him to death -## This man said ## +"might have a reason to execute him" + +# two came forward + +"two men came forward" or "two witnesses came forward" + +# This man said, 'I am able to destroy ... days.' + +If your language does not allow quotes within quotes you can rewrite it as a single quote. AT: "This man said that he is able to destroy ... days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# This man said "This man Jesus said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/62.md b/mat/26/62.md index f5f5f3e20e..39fc2864d1 100644 --- a/mat/26/62.md +++ b/mat/26/62.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus being questioned by the high priest. +# What is it that they are testifying against you? -## they are testifying against you ## +The chief priest is not asking Jesus for information about what the witnesses said. He is asking Jesus to prove what the witnesses said is wrong. AT: "What is your response to what the witnesses are testifying against you?" -"these witnesses are testifying against you" +# Son of God -## tell us whether you are the Christ ## +This is an important title that describes the relationship between the Christ and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -"tell us if you are the Christ" +# the living God -## You have said it yourself ## +Here "living" contrasts the God of Israel to all the false gods and idols that people worshiped. Only the God of Israel is alive and has power to act. See how you translated this in [Matthew 16:16](../16/13.md). -"As you have said, I am" or "You have just admitted it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# You have said it yourself -## but I tell you, from now on you ## +This is an idiom that Jesus uses to mean "yes" without being completely clear about what he means. AT: "You are saying it" or "You are admitting it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -Jesus is speaking to the high priest and to the other persons there. +# But I tell you, from now on you -## from now on you will see the Son of Man ## +Here "you" is plural. Jesus is speaking to the high priest and to the other persons there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -Possible meanings: 1) they will see the Son of Man at some time in the future (see UDB) or 2) by "now" Jesus means the time of his death, his coming back from the dead, and his going up to heaven. +# from now on you will see the Son of Man -## at the right hand of Power ## +Possible meanings are 1) the phrase "from now on" is an idiom that means they will see the Son of Man in his power at some time in the future or 2) the phrase "from now on" means that from the time of Jesus' trial and onward, Jesus is showing himself to be the Messiah who is powerful and victorious. -"at the right hand of Almighty God" +# the Son of Man -## coming on the clouds of heaven ## +Jesus is speaking about himself in third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# at the right hand of Power + +Here "Power" refers to God. AT: "at the right hand of Almighty God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# coming on the clouds of heaven "riding to earth on the clouds of heaven" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/65.md b/mat/26/65.md index efecdd1f84..741cacbbd4 100644 --- a/mat/26/65.md +++ b/mat/26/65.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus being questioned by the high priest. +# the high priest tore his clothes -## the high priest tore his clothes ## +Tearing clothing was a sign of anger and sadness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -Tearing clothing was a sign of anger sadness. +# He has spoken blasphemy -## They answered ## +By calling this blasphemy, it is implied that the high priest understood that Jesus was claiming to be equal with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"The Jewish leaders answered" \ No newline at end of file +# Why do we still need witnesses? + +The high priest uses this question to emphasize that he and the members of the council do not need to hear from any more witnesses. AT: "We do not need to hear from any more witnesses!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# now you have heard + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the members of the council. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/67.md b/mat/26/67.md index cc63830874..ab768d6d85 100644 --- a/mat/26/67.md +++ b/mat/26/67.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus being questioned by the high priest. +# Then they -## Then they ## +Possible meanings are 1) "Then some of the men" or 2) "Then the soldiers." -Possible meanings: "Then some of the men" or "Then the soldiers" +# spit in his face -## spat in his face ## +This was done as an insult. -as an insult \ No newline at end of file +# Prophesy to us + +Here "Prophesy to us" means to tell by means of God's power. It does not mean to tell what will happen in the future. + +# you Christ + +Those hitting Jesus do not really think he is the Christ. They call him this to mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/69.md b/mat/26/69.md index 4906c1b049..fa82ad5d03 100644 --- a/mat/26/69.md +++ b/mat/26/69.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -This begins the account of how Peter denies he knows Jesus. +# Connecting Statement: -## I do not know what you are talking about ## +This begins the account of how Peter denies three times that he knows Jesus, as Jesus said he would do. + +# General Information: + +These events happen at the same time as Jesus' trial before the religious leaders. + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# I do not know what you are talking about Peter was able to understand what the servant girl was saying. He used these words to deny that he had been with Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/71.md b/mat/26/71.md index 590f18ae36..17a307c8be 100644 --- a/mat/26/71.md +++ b/mat/26/71.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -This continues the account of how Peter denies he knows Jesus. +# When he went out -## When he ## +"When Peter went out" -"When Peter" +# gateway -## gateway ## +opening in the wall around a courtyard -opening in the wall around a courtyard \ No newline at end of file +# said to those there + +"said to the people who were sitting there" + +# He again denied it with an oath, "I do not know the man!" + +"he denied it again by swearing, 'I do not know the man!'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/73.md b/mat/26/73.md index 39e69cc07f..5144fc92e5 100644 --- a/mat/26/73.md +++ b/mat/26/73.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of how Peter denies he knows Jesus. - -## one of them ## +# one of them "one of those who were with Jesus" -## for your accent gives you away ## +# for the way you speak gives you away -"we can tell you are from Galilee because you speak like a Galilean" +This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "We can tell you are from Galilee because you speak like a Galilean" -## curse ## +# to curse -"call down a curse on himself" +"to call down a curse on himself" -## swear, "I do not know the man," ## +# rooster crowed -AT: "that he did not know the man," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file +A rooster is a bird that calls out loudly around the time the sun comes up. The sound a rooster makes is called "crowing." See how you translated this in [Matthew 26:34](./33.md). + +# Peter remembered the words that Jesus had said, "Before the rooster crows you will deny me three times." + +This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "Peter remembered that Jesus told him that before the rooster crowed, he would deny Jesus three times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/26/intro.md b/mat/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4d40aa6be7 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# Matthew 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of verse 31, which present quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sheep ##### +This is a common image used in Scripture to refer to the people of Israel. In [Matthew 26:31](./30.md), however, "the sheep" refers to Jesus' disciples, who ran away when he was arrested. + +##### Passover ##### +Jesus' death occurs in connection with the Passover Festival because he is the fulfillment of the Passover lamb. It is his sacrificial death that frees us from God's condemnation. + +##### The eating of the body and blood ##### +This ceremony, often called "The Lord's Supper," the "Eucharist" or "Holy Communion," is practiced in nearly all churches to this day in remembrance of Christ's sacrifice for the sins of humanity. It is done in obedience to Jesus' instructions to his disciples in [Matthew 26:26-28](./26.md). + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Shame and cowardice ##### +Throughout this chapter, the actions of the Jewish leaders are shameful and cowardly. The were afraid of the people whom they were to lead. The subtleness of their shameful and cowardly actions may be difficult to express in translation. + +##### Judas' kiss for Jesus ##### +Judas is recorded in [Matthew 26:49](./49.md) as kissing Jesus in order to signal to the soldiers which man to arrest. Among the Jews, kissing was a common way to greet someone. They had different kinds of kisses for people of different levels of status. Since Jesus' was Judas' teacher, Judas probably kissed his hand as a sign of respect and submission. + +##### "Destroy the temple of God" ##### +In [Matthew 26:61](./59.md), two men accuse Jesus of wishing for the temple in Jerusalem to be destroyed so he can rebuild it "in three days." They were probably accusing Jesus of insulting the temple and therefore, indirectly, of insulting God. Matthew does not actually record Jesus as saying this, but John [John 2:19](../../jhn/02/17.md) does. + +The expression "in three days" should be understood in the Jewish way as, "within three days," not "after three days." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Matthew 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/01.md b/mat/27/01.md index 5993a877de..70cc0a2177 100644 --- a/mat/27/01.md +++ b/mat/27/01.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -This begins the account of the trials and death of Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +This begins the account of Jesus' trial before Pilate. + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# plotted against Jesus to put him to death + +The Jewish leaders were planning how they could convince the Roman leaders to kill Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# delivered him + +"gave him over" or "took him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/03.md b/mat/27/03.md index 834bb647ae..55dfa669e7 100644 --- a/mat/27/03.md +++ b/mat/27/03.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -[Matthew 27:9](./09.md)). +# Connecting Statement: -## Then when Judas ## +The author has stopped telling the story of Jesus' trial so he can tell the story of how Judas killed himself. -If your language has a way of showing that the story is breaking off and a new story is starting, you may want to use that here. +# General Information: -## the thirty pieces of silver ## +This event happened after Jesus' trial in front of the council of Jewish religious leaders, but we do not know if it happened before or during Jesus' trial before Pilate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -the money that the chief priests had given Judas to betray Jesus ([Matthew 26:14](../26/14.md)) +# Then when Judas -## innocent blood ## +If your language has a way of showing that a new story is starting, you may want to use that here. -"a person who does not deserve to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# that Jesus had been condemned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the Jewish leaders had condemned Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the thirty pieces of silver + +This was the money that the chief priests had given Judas to betray Jesus. See how you translated it in [Matthew 26:15](../26/14.md). + +# innocent blood + +This is an idiom that refers to the death of an innocent person. AT: "a person who does not deserve to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# What is that to us? + +The Jewish leaders use this question to emphasize that they do not care about what Judas said. AT: "That is not our problem!" or "That is your problem!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# threw down the pieces of silver in the temple + +Possible meanings are 1) he threw the pieces of silver while in the temple courtyard, or 2) he was standing in the temple courtyard, and he threw the pieces of silver into the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/06.md b/mat/27/06.md index 0f2e4fb971..4bdf8d9fa1 100644 --- a/mat/27/06.md +++ b/mat/27/06.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -This continues the account of how Judas killed himself. - -## It is not lawful to put this ## +# It is not lawful to put this "Our laws do not allow us to put this" -## put this ## +# put this "put this silver" -## price of blood ## +# the treasury -money paid for a man to die (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and UDB) +This is the place they kept the money they used to provide for things needed for the temple and the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Potter's Field ## +# price of blood -This was a field that was bought to bury strangers who died in Jerusalem. (See UDB) +This is an idiom that means money paid to a person who helped kill someone. AT: "money paid for a man to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## to this day ## +# potter's field -until the time at which the writer wrote \ No newline at end of file +This was a field that was bought to bury strangers who died in Jerusalem. + +# that field has been called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people call that field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to this day + +This means to the time that Matthew is writing this book. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/09.md b/mat/27/09.md index 2e92a93f88..9194c324ae 100644 --- a/mat/27/09.md +++ b/mat/27/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of how Judas killed himself. +# General Information: -## Then that which had been spoken by Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled, saying ## +The author quotes Old Testament scripture to show that Judas' suicide was a fulfillment of prophecy. -"The prophet Jeremiah spoke this prophecy, and it had come true; he had said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Then that which had been spoken by Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled -## people of Israel ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "This fulfilled what the prophet Jeremiah spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -the Israelite religious leaders (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# the price set on him by the people of Israel -## directed me ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the price the people of Israel set on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -directed "Jeremiah the prophet" (27:9) \ No newline at end of file +# the people of Israel + +This refers to those among the people of Israel who paid to kill Jesus. AT: "some of the people of Israel" or "the leaders of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# directed me + +Here "me" refers to Jeremiah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/11.md b/mat/27/11.md index c2b0fdff1d..164c5379ed 100644 --- a/mat/27/11.md +++ b/mat/27/11.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -This continues the story of the trial of Jesus before the Roman governor from [Matthew 27:1](./01.md). +# Connecting Statement: -## Now ## +This continues the story of Jesus' trial before Pilate, which began in [Matthew 27:2](./01.md). -If your language has a way of continuing a story after a break, you may want to use it here. +# Now -## the governor ## +If your language has a way of continuing a story after a break from the main storyline, you may want to use it here. -Pilate ([Matthew 27:1](./01.md)) +# the governor -## You say so ## +"Pilate" -"You are admitting it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# You say so -## But when he was accused by the chief priests and elders ## +Possible meanings are 1) by saying this, Jesus implied that he is the King of the Jews. AT: "Yes, as you said, I am" or "Yes. It is as you said" or 2) by saying this, Jesus was saying that Pilate, not Jesus, was the one calling him the King of the Jews. AT: "You yourself have said so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "But when the chief priests and elders accused him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# But when he was accused by the chief priests and elders -## Do you not hear all the charges against you? ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "But when the chief priests and elders accused him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"I am surprised that you do not answer these people who accuse you of doing bad things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Do you not hear all the charges against you? -## one word, so that the governor was greatly amazed ## +Pilate asks this question because he is surprised that Jesus remains silent. AT: "I am surprised that you do not answer these people who accuse you of doing bad things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "one word; this greatly amazed the governor." \ No newline at end of file +# one word, so that the governor was greatly amazed + +"one word; this greatly amazed the governor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/15.md b/mat/27/15.md index 74c9521599..c8c36e249a 100644 --- a/mat/27/15.md +++ b/mat/27/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of the trial of Jesus before the Roman governor. +# Now -## Now ## +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline so the writer can give information to help the reader understand what happens beginning in [Matthew 27:17](./17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line so the writer can give information to help the reader understand what happens beginning in [Matthew 27:17](./17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +# the feast -## the feast ## +This is the feast for the Passover celebration. -the feast during which the Passover ([Matthew 26:1](../26/01.md)) was celebrated +# prisoner chosen by the crowd -## prisoner chosen by the crowd ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "prisoner whom the crowd would choose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "prisoner whom the crowd had chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# they had a notorious prisoner -## notorious ## +"there was a notorious prisoner" + +# notorious well known for doing something bad \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/17.md b/mat/27/17.md index 51a32b235e..e4ff95bdd5 100644 --- a/mat/27/17.md +++ b/mat/27/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -This continues the account of the trial of Jesus before the Roman governor. +# they were gathered -## had handed him over ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the crowd gathered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"had brought Jesus to him" so Pilate would judge Jesus +# Jesus who is called Christ -## While he was sitting ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom some people call the Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they had handed Jesus over to him + +the Jewish leaders had brought Jesus to him." They had done this so that Pilate would judge Jesus. + +# While he was sitting "While Pilate was sitting" -## sitting on the judgment seat ## +# sitting on the judgment seat -doing his duty as an official (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"sitting on the judge's seat." This is where a judge would sit while making a decision. -## sent word ## +# sent word -"sent a message" \ No newline at end of file +Here "word" refers to a message. AT: "sent a message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I have suffered much today + +"I have been very upset today" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/20.md b/mat/27/20.md index 0f1f7379b8..5c88180598 100644 --- a/mat/27/20.md +++ b/mat/27/20.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -This continues the account of the trial of Jesus before the Roman governor. +# Now ... Jesus killed -## asked them ## +Here "now" is used to mark a break in the main storyline. Matthew tells background information about why the crowd chose Barabbas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -"asked the crowd" \ No newline at end of file +# have Jesus killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "have the Roman soldiers kill Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# asked them + +"asked the crowd" + +# who is called Christ + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom some people call the Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/23.md b/mat/27/23.md index 65d82e1ded..450f468563 100644 --- a/mat/27/23.md +++ b/mat/27/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of the trial of Jesus before the Roman governor. - -## has he done ## +# has he done "has Jesus done" -## they cried out ## +# they cried out "the crowd cried out" -## the blood ## +# washed his hands in front of the crowd -"the death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Pilate does this as a sign that he is not responsible for Jesus' death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# the blood + +Here "blood" refers to a person's death. AT: "the death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# See to it yourselves + +"This is your responsibility" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/25.md b/mat/27/25.md index 223018122e..00d4a5a1c9 100644 --- a/mat/27/25.md +++ b/mat/27/25.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of the trial of Jesus before the Roman governor. +# May his blood be on us and our children -## May his blood be on us and our children! ## +Here "blood" is a metonym that stands for a person's death. The phrase "be on us and our children" is an idiom that means they accept the responsibility of what is happening. AT: "Yes! We and our descendants will be responsible for executing him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"Yes! We and our descendants will gladly be responsible for executing him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Then he released Barabbas to them + +"Then Pilate released Barabbas to the crowd" + +# he scourged Jesus + +It is implied that Pilate's soldiers scourged Jesus. AT: "Pilate's soldiers scourged Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# scourged + +to beat a person with a whip + +# handed him over to be crucified + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and Pilate ordered his soldiers to crucify Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/27.md b/mat/27/27.md index 19e64347bc..9839ebbaab 100644 --- a/mat/27/27.md +++ b/mat/27/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -This begins the account of the Roman soldiers mocking Jesus. +# Connecting Statement: -## the Praetorium ## +This begins the account of Jesus' crucifixion and death. -Possible meanings: 1) where the soldiers lived (see UDB) or 2) where the governor lived +# company of soldiers -## stripped him ## +"group of soldiers" + +# stripped him "pulled off his clothes" -## scarlet ## +# scarlet bright red -## Hail ## +# a crown of thorns + +"a crown made of thorny branches" or "a crown made of branches with thorns on them" + +# a staff in his right hand + +They gave Jesus a stick to hold to represent a scepter that a king holds. They did this to mock Jesus. + +# Hail, King of the Jews + +They were saying this to mock Jesus. They were calling Jesus "King of the Jews," but they did not really believe he was a king. And yet what they were saying was true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# Hail "We honor you" or "May you live a long time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/30.md b/mat/27/30.md index 4226819c81..cc98da1391 100644 --- a/mat/27/30.md +++ b/mat/27/30.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -This continues the account of the Roman soldiers mocking Jesus. +# They spat on him -## they ... they ... they ## - -Pilate's soldiers - -## him ... him ... him ... him ... his ... him ... him ... him ## - -Jesus \ No newline at end of file +"using their spit, the soldiers spat on Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/32.md b/mat/27/32.md index d77c99666e..f07991361e 100644 --- a/mat/27/32.md +++ b/mat/27/32.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -This begins the account of when Jesus was crucified. +# As they came out -## As they came out ## +This means Jesus and the soldiers came out of the city. AT: "As they came out of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"As they came out of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# they found a man -## whom they forced to go with them so that he might carry his cross ## +"the soldiers saw a man" + +# whom they forced to go with them so that he might carry his cross "whom the soldiers forced to go with them so that he could carry Jesus' cross" -## place called Golgotha ## +# place called Golgotha -"place that people called Golgotha" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "place that people called Golgotha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## gall ## +# him wine to drink mixed with gall -the bitter yellow liquid that bodies use in digestion \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "him wine, which they had mixed with gall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# gall + +the bitter, yellow liquid that bodies use in digestion \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/35.md b/mat/27/35.md index 977eab67a0..ee7ae32f7e 100644 --- a/mat/27/35.md +++ b/mat/27/35.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -This continues the account of when Jesus was crucified and died. +# garments -## garments ## +This is the clothing Jesus had been wearing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -the clothing Jesus had been wearing (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# they put the charge against + +Here "the charge" refers to a sign on which someone had written the reason they were crucifying Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/38.md b/mat/27/38.md index 00865c6679..9b7f1c522b 100644 --- a/mat/27/38.md +++ b/mat/27/38.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -This continues the account of the crucifixion and death of Jesus. +# Two robbers were crucified with him -## Two robbers were crucified with him ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The soldiers crucified two robbers with Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "The soldiers crucified two robbers with Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# shaking their heads -## shaking their heads ## +They did this to make fun of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -to make fun of Jesus \ No newline at end of file +# If you are the Son of God, come down from the cross + +They did not believe that Jesus is the Son of God, so they wanted him to prove it if it was true. AT: "If you are the Son of God, prove it by coming down from the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Son of God + +This is an important title that describes the relationship between the Christ and the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/41.md b/mat/27/41.md index 70c189cddf..3fbf635654 100644 --- a/mat/27/41.md +++ b/mat/27/41.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -This continues the account of the crucifixion and death of Jesus. +# He saved others, but he cannot save himself -## He saved others, but he cannot save himself ## +Possible meanings are 1) the Jewish leaders do not believe that Jesus saved others or that he can save himself, or 2) they believe he did save others but are laughing at him because now he cannot save himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -Possible meanings: 1) The Jewish leaders do not believe that Jesus saved others (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and UDB) or that he can save himself, or 2) they believe he did save others but are laughing at him because now he cannot save himself. +# He is the King of Israel -## He is the King of Israel ## - -The leaders do not believe Jesus is the King of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +The leaders are mocking Jesus. They call him "King of Israel," but they do not really believe he is king. AT: "He says that he is the King of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/43.md b/mat/27/43.md index c6f31b29ee..d1b3e39699 100644 --- a/mat/27/43.md +++ b/mat/27/43.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -This continues the account of the crucifixion and death of Jesus. +# Connecting Statement: -## And the robbers who were crucified with him ## +The Jewish leaders continue mocking Jesus. -"And the robbers that the soldiers had crucified with Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# For he even said, 'I am the Son of God.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "because Jesus said that he is the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the robbers who were crucified with him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the robbers that the soldiers had crucified with Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/45.md b/mat/27/45.md index b2b2dc900c..c0be550a24 100644 --- a/mat/27/45.md +++ b/mat/27/45.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of the crucifixion and death of Jesus. +# Now -## cried ## +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. -"called out" or "shouted" +# from the sixth hour ... until the ninth hour -## Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani ## +"from about noon ... for three hours" or "from about twelve o'clock midday ... until about three o'clock in the afternoon" -Translators usually leave these words in their native Hebrew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# darkness came over the whole land + +The word "darkness" is an abstract noun. AT: "it became dark over the whole land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Jesus cried + +"Jesus called out" or "Jesus shouted" + +# Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani + +These words are what Jesus cried out in his own language. Translators usually leave these words as is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/48.md b/mat/27/48.md index 31542af703..4f67b086c6 100644 --- a/mat/27/48.md +++ b/mat/27/48.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -This continues the account of the crucifixion and death of Jesus. +# one of them -## one of them ## +Possible meanings are 1) one of the soldiers or 2) one of those who stood by and watched. -Possible meanings: 1) one of the soldiers or 2) one of those who stood by and watched +# sponge -## sponge ## +This is a sea animal that is harvested and used to take up and hold liquids. These liquids can later be pushed out. -sea animal harvested and used to take up and hold liquids that can later be pushed out +# gave it to him -## gave it to him ## +"gave it to Jesus" -"gave it to Jesus" \ No newline at end of file +# gave up his spirit + +Here "spirit" refers to that which gives life to a person. This phrase is a way of saying that Jesus died. AT: "he died, giving his spirit over to God" or "he breathed his last breath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/51.md b/mat/27/51.md index 82b838ad2c..0444ee073f 100644 --- a/mat/27/51.md +++ b/mat/27/51.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + This begins the account of the events that happened when Jesus died. -## Behold ## +# Behold -The writer is telling the reader to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## The tombs were opened, and the bodies of many saints who had fallen asleep were raised ## +# the curtain of the temple was split in two -"God opened the tombs and raised the bodies of many saints that had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the curtain of the temple tore in two" or "God caused the curtain of the temple to tear in two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## fallen asleep ## +# The tombs were opened, and the bodies of many godly people who had fallen asleep were raised -"died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God opened the tombs and raised the bodies of many godly people who had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The tombs were opened … appeared to many ## +# fallen asleep -The order of events is unclear. Possible orders: After the earthquake when Jesus died and the tombs were opened 1) the saints were raised, Jesus was resurrected, and the saints entered the city and were seen by many people, or 2) Jesus was resurrected, and the saints were raised, entered the city, and were seen by many people. \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite way of referring to dying. AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# The tombs were opened ... appeared to many + +The order of events is unclear. After the earthquake when Jesus died and the tombs were opened 1) the holy people came back to life, then after Jesus came back to life, the holy people entered Jerusalem where many people saw them, or 2) Jesus came back to life, then the holy ones came back to life and entered the city where many people saw them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/54.md b/mat/27/54.md index d7981f6941..43c3f4b031 100644 --- a/mat/27/54.md +++ b/mat/27/54.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -This continues the account of the miraculous events that happened when Jesus died. \ No newline at end of file +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. + +# those who were watching Jesus + +"the other soldiers who were watching Jesus" + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# the mother of the sons of Zebedee + +"the mother of James and John" or "the wife of Zebedee" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/57.md b/mat/27/57.md index e3f19a2ff0..8f640769f1 100644 --- a/mat/27/57.md +++ b/mat/27/57.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -This begins the account of the burial of Jesus. +# Connecting Statement: -## Then Pilate ordered it to be given to him. ## +This begins the account of Jesus' burial. -"Then Pilate ordered the soldiers to give the body of Jesus to Joseph." \ No newline at end of file +# Arimathea + +This is the name of a city in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Then Pilate ordered it to be given to him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then Pilate ordered the soldiers to give the body of Jesus to Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/59.md b/mat/27/59.md index 5b2f64d044..4dc7a0e0f1 100644 --- a/mat/27/59.md +++ b/mat/27/59.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -This continues the account of the burial of Jesus. +# linen -## linen ## +a fine, costly cloth -a fine cloth that cost much to buy +# that he had cut into the rock -## opposite the tomb ## +It is implied that Joseph had workers who cut the tomb into the rock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then he rolled a large stone + +Most likely Joseph had other people there to help him roll the stone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# opposite the tomb "across from the tomb" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/62.md b/mat/27/62.md index 3f6058d402..26db89ba82 100644 --- a/mat/27/62.md +++ b/mat/27/62.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ -This continues the account of the events after the burial of Jesus. +# the Preparation -## the Preparation ## +This is the day that people got everything ready for the Sabbath. -the day to get ready for the Passover +# were gathered together with Pilate -## when that deceiver was alive ## +"met with Pilate" -"when Jesus, the deceiver, was alive" \ No newline at end of file +# when that deceiver was alive + +"when Jesus, the deceiver, was alive" + +# he said, 'After three days will I rise again.' + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "he said that after three days he will rise again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# command that the tomb be made secure + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "command your soldiers to guard the tomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the third day + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# steal him + +"steal his body" + +# say to the people, 'He has risen from the dead ones,' and the last + +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "tell the people that he has risen from the dead and the last" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# and the last deception will be worse than the first + +The understood information can be stated clearly. AT: "if they deceive people by saying that, it will be worse than the way he deceived people before by saying that he was the Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/65.md b/mat/27/65.md index 918c672f1f..56874d28b1 100644 --- a/mat/27/65.md +++ b/mat/27/65.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -This continues the account of the events after the burial of Jesus. +# a guard -## a guard ## +This consisted of four to sixteen Roman soldiers. -4 to 16 Roman soldiers +# sealing the stone -## sealing the stone ## +Possible meanings are 1) they put a cord around the stone and attached it to the rock wall on either side of the entrance to the tomb or 2) they put seals between the stone and the wall. -Possible meanings: 1) they put a cord around the stone and attached it to the rock wall on either side of the entrance to the tomb (see UDB) or 2) they put seals between the stone and the wall. +# placing the guard -## placing the guard ## - -"telling the soldiers to stand where they could keep people from touching the tomb" \ No newline at end of file +"telling the soldiers to stand where they could keep people from tampering with the tomb" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/27/intro.md b/mat/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a23f260926 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Matthew 27 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Delivered him to Pilate the governor" ##### +The Jews were under the rule of the Roman Empire, and the Romans did not allow them to execute any criminal without first obtaining permission. So the Jewish leaders had to ask Pontius Pilate to confirm their sentence on Jesus. Pilate tried to avoid confirming their decision. He tried to make the Jewish leaders choose between freeing Jesus or a very bad prisoner named Barabbas. + +##### Tomb ##### +The tomb in which Jesus was buried (see: [Matthew 27:59-60](./59.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish people were buried. It consisted of an actual room hollowed out of rock, in which bodies were wrapped and placed on rocky ledges provided along the walls. Later on, when the bodies had decomposed to bare bones, those bones were collected and put into special jars called ossuaries. These tombs were closed by a single large rock large enough to seal off the entrance. This rock was either rolled into place or slid into place at the tomb entrance. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "Hail, King of the Jews!" ##### +This phrase, found in [Matthew 27:29](./27.md), is an example of irony. In this figure of speech, something is said in order to signal something else, often its opposite sense. The expression "Hail" was a greeting for people used on very formal occasions, often in front of kings and queens. However, the soldiers mocking Jesus did not wish to honor him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Matthew 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/01.md b/mat/28/01.md index a69f3035c2..a986e54183 100644 --- a/mat/28/01.md +++ b/mat/28/01.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + This begins the account of the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. -## Now late on the Sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week ## +# Now late on the Sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week "After the Sabbath ended, as the sun came up on Sunday morning" -## the other Mary ## +# Now -"the other woman named Mary," Mary the mother of James and Joseph ([Matthew 27:54](../27/54.md)) +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. -## Behold ## +# the other Mary -The writer is telling the reader that something surprising is about to happen. Your language may have a way of doing this. +"the other woman named Mary." This is Mary the mother of James and Joseph. (See: [Matthew 27:56](../27/54.md)) -## there was a great earthquake, for an angel of the Lord descended ... and rolled away the stone ## +# Behold -Possible meanings: 1) the earthquake happened because the angel came down and rolled away the stone (ULB) or 2) all these events happened at the same time (UDB). +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## earthquake ## +# there was a great earthquake, for an angel of the Lord descended ... and rolled away the stone + +Possible meanings are 1) the earthquake happened because the angel came down and rolled away the stone or 2) all these events happened at the same time . + +# earthquake a sudden and violent shaking of the ground \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/03.md b/mat/28/03.md index e78c4f4f36..16e34467c1 100644 --- a/mat/28/03.md +++ b/mat/28/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -This continues the account of the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. - -## His appearance ## +# His appearance "The angel's appearance" -## was like lightning ## +# was like lightning -"was bright like lightning" +This is a simile that emphasizes how bright in appearance the angel was. AT: "was bright like lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## white as snow ## +# his clothing as white as snow -"extremely bright" +This is a simile that emphasizes how bright and white the angel's clothes were. AT: "his clothing was very white like snow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like dead men ## +# became like dead men -"unable to move" \ No newline at end of file +This is a simile that means the soldiers fell down and did not move. AT: "fell to the ground and lay there like dead men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/05.md b/mat/28/05.md index 04b796c1b4..9bdac30fea 100644 --- a/mat/28/05.md +++ b/mat/28/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -This continues the account of the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. - -## the women ## +# the women "Mary Magdalene and the other woman named Mary" -## who has been crucified ## +# who has been crucified -"whom the people and the soldiers crucified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the people and the soldiers crucified" or "whom they crucified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## but is risen ## +# tell his disciples, 'He has risen from the dead ones. See, he is going ahead of you to Galilee. There you will see him.' -"but God has raised him" \ No newline at end of file +This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "tell his disciples that he has risen from the dead and that Jesus has gone ahead of you to Galilee where you will see him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# He has risen from the dead ones + +The phrase "from the dead ones" refers to the place where the spirits of those who have died go. AT: "He has come back to life" + +# going ahead of you ... you will see him + +Here "you" is plural. It refers to the women and the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I have told you + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/08.md b/mat/28/08.md index 1a38c48488..3708f1a2a5 100644 --- a/mat/28/08.md +++ b/mat/28/08.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. - -## The women ## +# The women "Mary Magdalene and the other woman named Mary" -## Behold ## +# Behold -The writer is telling the reader that something surprising is about to happen. Your language may have a way of doing this. +The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. Your language may have a way of doing this. -## took hold of his feet ## +# Greetings -"got down on their knees and held on to his feet" +This is an ordinary greeting, much like "Hello" in English. -## my brothers ## +# took hold of his feet -Jesus' disciples \ No newline at end of file +"got down on their knees and held onto his feet" + +# my brothers + +This refers to Jesus' disciples. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/11.md b/mat/28/11.md index ceb991bc4d..3323e5b42c 100644 --- a/mat/28/11.md +++ b/mat/28/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -This begins the account of the reaction of the authorities to the resurrection. +# Connecting Statement: -## the women ## +This begins the account of the reaction of the Jewish religious leaders when they heard of Jesus' resurrection. -Mary Magdalene and the other Mary +# Now -## behold ## +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story. -This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story that involves different people than the events just described. Your language may have a way of doing this. +# the women -## discussed with them ## +Here this refers to Mary Magdalene and the other Mary. + +# behold + +This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. + +# discussed the matter with them "decided on a plan among themselves." The priests and elders decided to give the money to the soldiers. -## Say to others, 'Jesus' disciples came ... while we were sleeping.' ## +# Say to others, 'Jesus' disciples came ... while we were sleeping.' -"Tell anyone who asks you that Jesus' disciples came ... while you were sleeping." \ No newline at end of file +If your language does not allow quotations within quotations you may translate this as a single quote. AT: "Tell others that Jesus' disciples came ... while you were sleeping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/14.md b/mat/28/14.md index ecee734090..a388491004 100644 --- a/mat/28/14.md +++ b/mat/28/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -This continues what the authorities told the soldiers to do. +# If this report reaches the governor -## the governor ## +"If the governor hears that you were asleep when Jesus' disciples took his body" -Pilate ([Matthew 27:1](../27/01.md)) +# the governor -## did as they had been instructed ## +"Pilate" ([Matthew 27:2](../27/01.md)) -"did what the priests had told them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# we will persuade him and take any worries away from you -## today ## +"do not worry. We will talk to him so that he does not punish you." -the time Matthew wrote the book \ No newline at end of file +# did as they had been instructed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "did what the priests had told them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This report spread widely among the Jews and continues even today + +"Many Jews heard this report and continue to tell others about it even today" + +# even today + +This refers to the time Matthew wrote the book. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/16.md b/mat/28/16.md index 62521699d1..cab6d38f10 100644 --- a/mat/28/16.md +++ b/mat/28/16.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -This begins the account of Jesus meeting with his disciples after his resurrection. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +This begins the account of Jesus meeting with his disciples after his resurrection. + +# they worshiped him, but some doubted + +Possible meanings are 1) they all worshiped Jesus even though some of them doubted, or 2) some of them worshiped Jesus, but others did not worship him because they doubted. + +# but some doubted + +It can be stated explicitly what the disciples doubted. AT: "some doubted that he was really Jesus and that he had become alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/18.md b/mat/28/18.md index a164d09bdf..a2221425ea 100644 --- a/mat/28/18.md +++ b/mat/28/18.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus meeting with his disciples after his resurrection. +# All authority has been given to me -## into the name ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My Father has given me all authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"by the authority" \ No newline at end of file +# in heaven and on earth + +Here "heaven" and "earth" are used together to mean everyone and everything in heaven and earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# of all the nations + +Here "nations" refers to the people. AT: "of all the people in every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# into the name + +Here "name" refers to authority. AT: "by the authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Father ... Son + +These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/20.md b/mat/28/20.md index 3ac83ae3b2..62ba7b1168 100644 --- a/mat/28/20.md +++ b/mat/28/20.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -This continues the account of Jesus meeting with his disciples after his resurrection. +# See -## Teach them ## +"listen" or "pay attention" -"Teach those you baptize" ([Matthew 28:18](./18.md)) +# even to the end of the world -## see ## - -AT: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” \ No newline at end of file +"until the end of this age" or "until the end of the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/28/intro.md b/mat/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..78491c2020 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Matthew 28 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Make disciples" ##### +These two verses ([Matthew 28:19-20](./18.md)) are commonly known as "The Great Commission" because they contain a very important command given to all Christians. Christians are to "make disciples" by going to people, sharing the gospel with them and training them to live as Christians. + +=== Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter=== + +##### An angel of the Lord ##### +The gospel accounts differ as to how many men or angels appeared in this interaction. It is probably that the men were angels, but their number is unclear. It is best to translate this as it appears in the ULB without trying to reconcile these passages. (See: [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md), [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md), and [John 20:1-2](../../jhn/20/01.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Matthew 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mat/front/intro.md b/mat/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c25a2aa258 --- /dev/null +++ b/mat/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +# Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Matthew #### + +1. The birth of Jesus Christ and the beginning of his ministry (1:1––4:25) +1. Jesus' Sermon on the Mount (Chapters 5:1––7:28) +1. Jesus illustrates the kingdom of God through acts of healing (8:1––9:34) +1. Jesus' teaching about mission and the kingdom (9:35––10:42) +1. Jesus' teaching about the gospel of the kingdom of God. The rise of opposition to him (11:1––12:50) +1. Jesus' parables about the kingdom of God (13:1––52) +1. Further opposition to Jesus and misunderstanding of the kingdom of God (13:53––17:57) +1. Jesus' teaching about life in the kingdom of God (18:1––35) +1. Jesus ministers in Judea (19:1––22:46) +1. Jesus' teaching about the final judgment and salvation (23:1––25:46) +1. The crucifixion of Jesus, his death and resurrection (26:1––28:19) + +#### What is the book of Matthew about? #### + +The Gospel according to Matthew is one of four books in the New Testament that describe some of the life of Jesus Christ, but focus especially on his work. The four Gospels emphasize different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. Matthew intended to show that Jesus was the Messiah, chosen by God to save Israel. It seems clear that Matthew had mainly Jewish readers in mind, when he explained to his readers that Jesus fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "The Gospel of Matthew," or "The Gospel according to Matthew." Or they may choose a title that may be clearer, for example, "The Good News about Jesus that Matthew wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Matthew? #### + +The book does not give the reader the name of the author. Since early Christian times, however, it has been generally believed that the author is Matthew, one of Jesus' disciples. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the "kingdom of heaven?" #### + +Matthew speaks of "the kingdom of heaven" in the same way that other gospel writers speak of the kingdom of God. This is the teaching that God will one day rule perfectly over all people and all creation everywhere. This means that everyone to whom the blessings of God's kingdom come will completely accept his rule and will perfectly love him. + +#### What were Jesus' teaching methods? #### + +Jesus came to be regarded as a rabbi, a teacher of God's law, by the people. He followed some standard methods of other religious teachers in Israel: he had students, called disciples; he also made up parables, fictional stories, in order to teach various principles. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why does Matthew often refer to Jesus as the "Son of Man"? #### + +Matthew shows Jesus as adopting this title for himself. It is a reference to Daniel 7:13––14, where a person described as "a son of man," that is, someone who looked like a human being, received authority from God to rule over the nations forever, and to be worshiped by all people forever. Besides being human, this person must also be God, because God would never allow someone other than himself to be worshiped. Because the Jews of Jesus' time did not use "Son of Man" as a title for anyone, Jesus used it for himself to help them come to understand who he was truly was. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +Translating the title "Son of Man" can be difficult in many languages. A literal translation might be easily misunderstood by readers. Translators can consider alternatives, such as "The Human One." An explanatory footnote might be useful also. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Matthew? #### + +The texts of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of more accurate manuscripts. The following are the most significant issues in Matthew: + +* "Bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you" (5:44) +* "For yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever. Amen" (6:13) +* "Many are called, but few are chosen" (20:16) +* "But this kind of demon does not go out except with prayer and fasting" (17:21) +* "For the Son of Man came to save that which was lost" (18:11) +* "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for you devour widows' houses, while you make a show of long prayers. You will therefore receive greater condemnation." (23:14) + +Translators are advised not to translate these passages. However, if older Bible versions exist in their region that have some of these verses, it is not wrong to translate them. If they are translated, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they are probably not original to Matthew's Gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +#### What are the Synoptic Gospels? #### + +The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are called the Synoptic Gospels because they share a large amount of textual material. However, the authors often used the same accounts and the same teachings of Jesus to emphasize different aspects of his life, ministry, and message. + +When the text is the same or almost the same among two or three gospels, it is said to be "parallel." When these parallel passages are translated, the wording in the project language should be kept the same as much as possible. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/01.md b/mic/01/01.md index aae4098cc1..786724e548 100644 --- a/mic/01/01.md +++ b/mic/01/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## The Morashtite ## +# General Information: -This means he is from Moresheth which is a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +God speaks through Micah to the people of Israel using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah ## +# the word of Yahweh that came + +This idiom is used to explain that a God gave a message to someone. AT: "the message that Yahweh spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# the Morashtite + +This means he is from Moresheth which is a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah "when Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah were kings of Judah" -## the word that he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem ## +# which he saw -AT: "the vision that he saw concerning the people of Samaria and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"which he heard in a vision" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/02.md b/mic/01/02.md index ea5efdb332..53d1e1ee04 100644 --- a/mic/01/02.md +++ b/mic/01/02.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -7 is about God's judgment on Samaria. +# General Information: -## Listen, all you peoples. Listen, earth, and all that is in you ## +Micah 1:2-7 is about God's judgment on Samaria. -This begins Micah's prophecy. Both of these clauses mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. Micah speaks as if all the people of the earth were there listening to him. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] ) +# Listen, all you peoples. Listen, earth, and all that is in you -## he will come down and tread on the pagan shrines on the earth ## +This begins Micah's prophecy. Micah speaks to the people of Samaria as if all the people of the earth and even the earth itself were able to hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -AT: he will completely destroy the pagan shrines on the earth as if he were crushing them with his feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# he will come down and tread on the high places of the earth -## The mountains will melt under him; the valleys will break apart like wax before fire, like waters that are poured down a steep place. ## +Micah speaks as if Yahweh were a mighty soldier coming down from heaven and beginning to march on top of the mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This means when God comes to destroy the pagan shrines nothing will be able to stop him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +# he will ... tread + +"he will ... march" + +# the high places of the earth + +"the high mountains" + +# The mountains will melt under him; the valleys will break apart, like wax before fire, like waters that are poured down a steep place + +Micah speaks as if Yahweh were a hot, solid object that melted the earth as it moved. AT: "He will crush the mountains and the valleys as he marches over them; he will destroy them, and they will completely disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/05.md b/mic/01/05.md index 52cbf32fff..161e1d59d1 100644 --- a/mic/01/05.md +++ b/mic/01/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## All this is because of the rebellion of Jacob, and because of the sins of the house of Israel ## +# because of the sins of the house of Israel -These phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the people of Israel. AT: "because the people of Israel have sinned against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## All this is ## +# All this is "The Lord will come and judge" -## What was the reason for Jacob's rebellion? Was it not Samaria? ## +# What is Jacob's transgression? -Here "Jacob" refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. Micah uses questions to emphasize that the people of Samaria are the reason God will come to judge the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The name "Jacob" is a metonym for those of his descendants who live in the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## What was the reason for Judah's shrines? Was it not Jerusalem? ## +# Is it not Samaria? -Micah uses questions to emphasize that the people of Jerusalem are the reason God is coming to judge the kingdom of Judah. \ No newline at end of file +Here "Samaria" is a metonym for the evil activities that take place there. Micah uses a question to emphasize that the people know what the truth is. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that it is Samaria." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What is Judah's high place? + +Here "high place" is a synecdoche for the entire system of idol worship. "Judah" is a metonym for the people who live there. AT: "Where do the people of Judah go to worship idols?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Is it not Jerusalem? + +Here "Jerusalem" is a metonym for the evil activities that take place there. Micah uses a question to emphasize that the people know what the truth is. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that it is Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/06.md b/mic/01/06.md index b59c68ff33..27672e69e1 100644 --- a/mic/01/06.md +++ b/mic/01/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## I will make ## +# I will make Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -## will be crushed to pieces...will be burned up ## +# Samaria ... her stones ... her foundations ... her carved figures ... her gifts that she received ... her idols ... she gathered her gifts ... they will become -AT: "I will crush to pieces...I will burn up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Yahweh speaks of Samaria as if the city were a woman. AT: "Samaria ... its stones ... the foundations of the buildings in the city ... the carved figures in the city ... the gifts that people gave to the temple in the city ... the idols in the city ... the people of the city became rich ... the gifts will become" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will pull her building stones ## +# I will pour her stones Here "her" refers to the city of Samaria. -## For from the gifts to her prostitution she gathered them, and as a prostitute's pay they will return ## +# All her carved figures will be broken to pieces -Often worshiping idols included having sex with a prostitute at the pagan temple. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will break all her carved figures to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# all her gifts ... will be burned with fire + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will burn with fire all the gifts that she received" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# she received + +"people gave her" + +# Since she gathered her gifts from the wages of prostitutes, they will become the wages of prostitutes again + +Yahweh speaks of the people giving gifts to idols as if the people were hiring prostitutes. When the Assyrians destroy Samaria, they will take to Assyria the gifts the people of Samaria gave to their idols and give them as gifts to their own idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/08.md b/mic/01/08.md index 477f9f7a8a..eada537d31 100644 --- a/mic/01/08.md +++ b/mic/01/08.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -16 is about God's judgment on Judah. +# General Information: -## I will lament ## +Micah 1:8-16 is about God's judgment on Judah. + +# I will lament Here "I" refers to Micah. -## I will go barefoot and naked ## +# I will lament and wail -This is a sign of extreme mourning and distress. +"Lament" refers to the inner feeling of sadness, and "wail" refers to the activity of making a loud, sad sound. -## naked ## +# I will go barefoot and naked -Most likely, Micah was not entirely naked. He was probably wearing a loincloth. +This is a sign of extreme mourning and distress. Another possible meaning is "I will look like someone has taken off my clothes; I will be naked" -## I will wail like the jackals and mourn like owls ## +# naked -These are animals that are known for their loud and harsh cries. And they are found in wastelands. AT: "You shall wail and mourn like the animals of the night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +probably wearing only a loincloth -## For her wounds are incurable ## +# like the jackals ... like owls -Here "her" refers to the city of Samaria. This means nothing can stop the enemy army that is coming to destroy the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jackals and owls live in wastelands, and their loud cries sound like people wailing or weeping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## for they have come to Judah ## +# For her wound is incurable -Here "they" refers to the army that God used to punish Samaria. +Here "her" refers to the city of Samaria. This means nothing can stop the enemy army from destroying the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Beth Leaphrah ## +# for it has come to Judah -You may want to make a footnote saying, " The name of this city means 'house of dust.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Micah uses contagious disease as a metaphor for the army that Yahweh has sent to judge Samaria. Here "it" refers to the "wound," that is, to the army that God will use to punish Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I roll myself in the dust ## +# Beth Leaphrah -People under God's judgment are expressing their grief in a strong way. \ No newline at end of file +You may want to make a footnote saying, "The name of this city means 'house of dust.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# I roll myself in the dust + +People under God's judgment are expressing their grief in a strong way. AT: "I roll myself on the ground" or "I roll myself in the mud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/11.md b/mic/01/11.md index 299979c6cd..b281f0075d 100644 --- a/mic/01/11.md +++ b/mic/01/11.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -For the meanings of the names of villages and towns, you may want to include that information in a footnote. +# General Information: -## Shaphir ## +The meanings of the names of the villages is important to Micah here. You may want to include the meanings of the names of the places in a footnote. -The name of this city sounds like one meaning "beautiful." It contrasts with "nakedness and shame." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Shaphir -## in nakedness and shame ## +The name of this city sounds like one meaning "beautiful." It contrasts with "nakedness and shame." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -Enemy armies often made their prisoners walk totally naked. And there was shame in being a conquered people.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# in nakedness and shame -## Zaanan ## +This idiom makes explicit that the people will be totally naked. AT: "totally naked and ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Zaanan The name of this city means "go out." They are too afraid to go out and help. -## Beth Ezel ## +# Beth Ezel The name of this city means "house of taking away." -## for their protection is taken away ## +# for their protection is taken away -AT: "for I have taken away everything that might protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "for I have taken away everything that might protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Maroth ## +# Maroth The name of this city means "bitterness." -## because disaster has come down from Yahweh ## +# disaster has come down from Yahweh -"Disaster" is an important word in Micah that will reoccur. \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "disaster" is spoken of here as a solid object rolling down a hill. It can be translated as a verb. AT: "Yahweh has caused bad things to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/13.md b/mic/01/13.md index 6c8e54cb19..8b9a71e13e 100644 --- a/mic/01/13.md +++ b/mic/01/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Lachish ## +# Lachish -There is wordplay here as Lachish sounds like "to the chariots" in Hebrew. The people are hitching their chariots to flee, not fight. Lachish was second to Jerusalem in importance in Judah. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The name "Lachish" sounds like "to the chariots" in Hebrew. The people are hitching their chariots to flee, not fight. Lachish was the most important city after Jerusalem in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## the daughter of Zion ## +# the daughter of Zion -The ”daughter” of a city means the people of the city. Alternate translations: “the people of Zion” or ”the people who live in Zion.” +The word "daughter" is a metonym for the people of the city. AT: "the people of Zion" or "the people who live in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for the transgressions of Israel were found in you ## +# for the transgressions of Israel were found in you -AT: "for you disobeyed like the people of Israel did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This idiom can be translated in active form. AT: "for you disobeyed like the people of Israel did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Moresheth Gath ## +# Moresheth Gath -You may want to add a footnote saying “The name ‘Moresheth’ means ‘to depart’ and is similar in sound to the word for ‘fiancee.’" It is like Moresheth is the bride that Assyria takes and the "parting gifts" are the dowry. Moresheth Gath was Micah's home village. +You may want to add a footnote saying "The name 'Moresheth' means 'to depart.' It is also similar in sound to the word for 'fiancée.'" In this metaphor, Moresheth is the bride that Assyria takes, and the "parting gift" is the dowry, the gift her family gives for her to take into the marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Achzib ## +# Akzib You may want to add a footnote saying "The name of this town sounds almost the same as the Hebrew expression for 'deceitful thing.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/15.md b/mic/01/15.md index c9230f26dd..4b5b6486e1 100644 --- a/mic/01/15.md +++ b/mic/01/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## I will bring ## +# I will again bring Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -## Mareshah ## +# Mareshah -You may want to make a footnote saying, "There is a play-on-words here with the name of this village and the Hebrew word for 'conquerer.'" This term was used in Israel's conquering Canaan; now Israel will be conquered. This village is probably near Micah's home village of Moresheth Gath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +You may want to make a footnote saying, "The name of this village sounds like the Hebrew word for 'conqueror.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Adullam's cave ## +# Adullam -This refers to a very large cave where David once fled with his men to hide from King Saul, and the Philistines, their enemy. It was their last hope for safety and survival. This may apply to the leaders of Israel at this time who must flee. +This is the name of a royal city in Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shave your head and cut off your hair ## +# Shave your head and cut off your hair -Shaving one's head was a sign of mourning for the Israelites. \ No newline at end of file +Israelites who were mourning would shave bald spots on their heads. Possible meanings are 1) "Shave larger spots than usual on your heads" or 2) "Cut off all your hair and shave your heads," stating the events in the order in which they were to occur. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# eagles + +This word can also be translated "vultures." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/intro.md b/mic/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7fb8a4fc3a --- /dev/null +++ b/mic/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Micah 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Micah is written mainly in a poetic form. Most of the prophets wrote to either the Northern Kingdom or the Southern Kingdom. Micah wrote to both of them at times without clear distinction, as he did in this chapter. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### City Names ##### + +This passage sounds unusual in English because of its construction in Hebrew. It contains several "puns" or "plays on words." The names of the cities are used to describe their destruction. "Lachish will be lashed" is an example of this type of construction. This poetic element might metaphors describing the actual way they will be punished. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Micah 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Micah intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/01.md b/mic/02/01.md index 227c4207f0..4bc852c95d 100644 --- a/mic/02/01.md +++ b/mic/02/01.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -11, the focus leaves the towns being judged to the leaders in Israel who are taking advantage of the poor and not following God's commands. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Micah speaks against the leaders in Israel who are taking advantage of the poor and not following God's commands. + +# They oppress a man + +"They oppress any man they choose to oppress." This is a generalization. Micah is not speaking of one individual man here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/03.md b/mic/02/03.md index b7c1dd79b9..606e06d857 100644 --- a/mic/02/03.md +++ b/mic/02/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## this clan ## +# Look + +"Listen carefully" or "Pay attention" + +# disaster + +See how you translated this in [Micah 1:12](../01/11.md). + +# this clan This "clan" refers to the entire community of Israel, whose rich people are oppressing the poor. The sins of the leaders are coming back on the whole nation. -## from which you will not remove your necks ## +# from which you will not remove your necks -Yahweh means his punishment is like a yoke around their necks. It is something that will bring down the pride of the rich. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were putting a yoke around their necks. AT: "from which you will not be able to escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## lament with a wailing lamentation ## +# sing a song about you -"they will cry loudly" +"sing a song to make fun of you" -## How can he remove it from me? ## +# lament with a wailing lamentation -The enemy uses a question in their song to express the surprise the rich leaders of Israel felt because God had taken their land and given it to someone else just as they had taken the land from the poor. AT: "He has taken it from me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"they will cry loudly." They are pretending to mourn, as if those they love have died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## Therefore, you rich people will have no descendants to divide up the territory by lot in the assembly of Yahweh. ## +# We Israelites ... to traitors -Those who took land from the poor will not receive the inheritance they denied others. \ No newline at end of file +This is the song that the enemies will sing to make fun of the Israelites and laugh as the Israelites suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# How can he remove it from me? + +The enemy mocks the surprise the rich leaders of Israel feel because God has taken their land and given it to someone else just as they had taken the land from the poor. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "How wrong he is to take it from me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# Therefore, you rich people will have no descendants to divide up the territory by lot in the assembly of Yahweh + +Possible meanings are 1) Micah looks forward to a time after the exile when those who return will divide up the land or 2) he is speaking of a custom of his time when the tribe or clan would divide up their land and give it to individuals. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/06.md b/mic/02/06.md index 4963cae108..dc8161ec01 100644 --- a/mic/02/06.md +++ b/mic/02/06.md @@ -1,25 +1,43 @@ -11 addresses prophets who have not preached correctly, ones who have rejected Micah, and more ways the rich have abused their power. +# General Information: -## they say ## +Micah speaks to false prophets, as well as to the rich who have abused their power. + +# Do not prophesy + +The speakers are speaking to Micah and to others, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# they say "the people of Israel say" -## They must not ## +# They must not prophesy -"The prophets must not" +"The prophets must not prophesy" -## Is the spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds? ## +# reproaches must not come -The people use questions to emphasize that they have misunderstood and do not believe God would really punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Reproach is spoken of as if it were a robber chasing a person. It can be translated as a verb. AT: "we will not allow you to reproach us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Do not my words do good to anyone who walks uprightly? ## +# Should it really be said ... "Is the Spirit ... his deeds?" -Micah uses a question to teach the people. AT: "My message is good to those who are concerned with doing what is right." +Micah is scolding the Israelites by using this question. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that you do not need to ask ... 'Is the Spirit ... his deeds?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## my people ## +# house of Jacob -Here "my" refers to Yahweh. +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. AT: "descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## You strip the robe, the garment from those who pass by unsuspectingly ## +# said ... "Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?" -Possible meanings are 1) Micah means the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor, but this is unlikely. Or 2) Micah is referring to creditors keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. According to the law in Exodus, they were to return the garment before nightfall because it might be the only thing the poor man has to keep warm at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the people really do not know if they are seeing Yahweh act. AT: "asked ... 'Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?'" or 2) the people do not believe that Yahweh is really punishing them. These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. AT: "said ... 'The Spirit of Yahweh is not really angry. These are not really his deeds.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do not my words do good to anyone who walks uprightly? + +Micah uses a question to teach the people. It can bee translated as a statement. AT: "My message does good to those who walk uprightly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# my people + +This refers to either 1) Micah's people or 2) Yahweh's people. + +# You strip the robe, the garment, from those who pass by unsuspectingly + +Possible meanings are 1) the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor or 2) creditors are keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/09.md b/mic/02/09.md index 75a7818e9e..eac9c83e88 100644 --- a/mic/02/09.md +++ b/mic/02/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the wicked rich people in Israel. -## you take my blessing from their young children forever ## +# you take my blessing from their young children forever This refers, in general, to blessings God has given to his people. It might refer to 1) being landowners in Israel, 2) a promising future or 3) to the children's fathers, farmers who worked hard to establish the nation. -## it is destroyed with complete destruction ## +# my blessing -AT: "I will completely destroy it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Micah speaks as if he were Yahweh. -## he would be considered ## +# it is destroyed with complete destruction -AT: "you would consider him" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will completely destroy it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# comes to you ... will prophesy to you + +Micah is speaking to the people of Judah, so both instances of "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# he would be considered + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the people would consider him" or "you would consider him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/12.md b/mic/02/12.md index 8fae38e3a1..115d72d381 100644 --- a/mic/02/12.md +++ b/mic/02/12.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking. At the end of this chapter, Yahweh shows himself to be a shepherd who protects his people. He may especially be addressing those in Jerusalem who have returned from Assyria. -## Someone who breaks open their way … Yahweh will be at their head. ## +# all of you, Jacob -This is a picture of the King leading his people out of an enclosed city. \ No newline at end of file +Micah is speaking to some of the descendants of Jacob, so the word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Someone who breaks open their way ... Yahweh will be at their head. + +This is a picture of a king leading his people out of an enclosed city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/intro.md b/mic/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..98f05c3f50 --- /dev/null +++ b/mic/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Micah 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues using poetic forms in communicating that people who take advantage of others are guilty of sin and injustice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unjust]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Context ##### +Micah does not frequently explain the historical context of his prophecies. This may result in the translator failing to understand implicit information. Additional research may be needed regarding the time period of Micah's ministry. Therefore, translators have a good understanding of the history of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Micah 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/01.md b/mic/03/01.md index b8dbe55282..3ff9703885 100644 --- a/mic/03/01.md +++ b/mic/03/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Chapter 3 focuses on the corrupt leaders in Israel. -## I said ## +# I said Here "I" refers to Micah. -## Is it not right for you to understand justice? ## +# Is it not right for you to understand justice? -Micah uses a question to scold the leaders because they were not protecting the people or treating them fairly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Micah is scolding the leaders. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You act as though you think it is wrong for you to understand justice." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## You who tear off their skin, their flesh from their bones—you who also eat the flesh of my people, and tear their skin off, break their bones, and chop them in pieces, just like meat for a pot, just like meat in a cauldron. ## +# hate good and love evil -Micah uses this terrible imagery to emphasize how upset God is with the leaders because of how cruel they are to those they should be protecting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +These nominal adjectives can be translated as adjectives. AT: "hate everything that is good and love everything that is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# you who tear off their skin, their flesh from their bones ... just like meat in a cauldron + +A butcher cutting up animals into meat is a metaphor for the leaders being cruel to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/04.md b/mic/03/04.md index a2d662cfc7..5ff225e8a7 100644 --- a/mic/03/04.md +++ b/mic/03/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Micah continues speaking. -## cry out to Yahweh ## +# cry out to Yahweh "shout to Yahweh for help" -## He will hide his face from you ## +# he will not answer you -This means God will not hear their cries. They would not hear the cries of the poor, and so they receive the same treatment from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"he will not do what you ask him to do" + +# He will hide his face from you + +Hiding the face is a metaphor for refusing to listen. AT: "He will turn his face away from you and cover it" or "You will see that he has no desire to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/05.md b/mic/03/05.md index a99ccc298a..843e2cc04b 100644 --- a/mic/03/05.md +++ b/mic/03/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Micah continues to speak judgment against false prophets. -## it will be night for you…the day will be dark on them ## +# who lead my people astray -Yahweh is saying in 3:6 these false prophets will no longer receive God's message to the people of Israel. Prophets sometimes got messages from God through visions, or dreams at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Walking on a good path is a metaphor for obeying God. Going astray from the path is a metaphor for disobeying God, in this case perhaps without knowing it. AT: "who lead my people to disobey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The seers will be put to shame, and the diviners will be confused ## +# if one gives them something to eat, they proclaim, 'Peace.' -AT: "I will cause the seers to be ashamed, and I will confuse the diviners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Micah is using a metaphor to describe a situation that actually happens. The phrase "something to eat" is an ironic way of speaking of a small payment. AT: "they tell people who pay them even a small amount that things will go well for those people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## All of them will cover their lips ## +# if he puts nothing in their mouths, they dedicate themselves to wage war on him -AT: "They shall no longer speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Micah is using a metaphor to describe a situation that actually happens. The phrase "puts nothing in their mouths" is an ironic exaggeration for not giving what they want. AT: "they do all they can to destroy people who pay them too little" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## for there is no answer from me ## +# it will be night for you ... the day will be dark on them -This means God will be silent as part of their punishment. \ No newline at end of file +Darkness is a metaphor for Yahweh not speaking to the prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# no vision for you + +"you will no longer see visions" + +# The seers will be put to shame, and the diviners will be confused + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "I will cause the seers to be ashamed, and I will confuse the diviners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# All of them will cover their lips + +Here "lips" represents speaking. AT: "They shall no longer speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there is no answer from me + +"I will be silent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/08.md b/mic/03/08.md index 8bebdd1337..9e1115c4f6 100644 --- a/mic/03/08.md +++ b/mic/03/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## But as for Me ## +# But as for me -The "me" here refers to Micah, a true prophet, setting himself apart from the false prophets. +Here "me" refers to Micah, a true prophet, setting himself apart from the false prophets. -## I am full of power by the Spirit of Yahweh, and am full of justice and might ## +# I am full of power by the Spirit of Yahweh, and am full of justice and might -The Spirit of Yahweh has chosen to give Micah power, justice, and might in a strong, special way. AT: "the Spirit of Yahweh has filled me with power, justice, and might" or "the Spirit of Yahweh has granted me power, justice, and might" +Micah speaks of himself as if he were a container into which Yahweh were pouring a liquid. AT: "the Spirit of Yahweh has given me power, justice, and might" or "the Spirit of Yahweh has enabled me to be strong, to declare what justice is, and to be mighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to declare to Jacob his transgression, and to Israel his sin ## +# to declare to Jacob his transgression, and to Israel his sin -Both of these phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. The true prophet denounces sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Jacob" and "Israel" are metonyms for Jacob's descendants. Micah uses both names to emphasize that all of his descendants are guilty of sin. The abstract nouns "transgression" and "sin" can be translated using verbs. AT: "to declare to Jacob's descendants that they have broken Yahweh's law; I am telling the people of Israel that they have all sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/09.md b/mic/03/09.md index fdf9c871c0..f5b21d7af8 100644 --- a/mic/03/09.md +++ b/mic/03/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## You build Zion with blood, and Jerusalem with iniquity ## +# house of Jacob -The rich were building themselves beautiful homes often at the expense and mistreatment of the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. AT: "descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## blood ## +# the house of Israel -Here "blood" refers to murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] ) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants, who had become the nation of Israel. AT: "descendants of Israel" or "you Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Is not Yahweh with us? No evil will come to us. ## +# detest -Micah quotes the leaders who wrongly think Yahweh would not punish them for their sinful deeds. The Hebrew word for "evil" here is the same as for "disaster" in 2:3, a key word in the book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +strongly dislike + +# You build Zion with blood and Jerusalem with iniquity + +"Blood" is a metonym for murder, and "Zion" and "Jerusalem" are spoken of as if they were buildings. Micah speaks of the rich murdering people and sinning in other ways as if those activities were the bricks and wood with which people use to build houses. AT: "You commit murder and other horrible sins as you work to make Zion and Jerusalem great!" or "You commit murder as you worship in Zion, and you commit other sins as you get rich in Jerusalem!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Is not Yahweh with us? + +The leaders strongly believe that Yahweh is with them. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "We know that Yahweh is with us!" or "We know that Yahweh will help us do what we want to do!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# evil + +See how you translated "disaster" in [Micah 1:12](../01/11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/12.md b/mic/03/12.md index 07daa53588..5cc0e327a2 100644 --- a/mic/03/12.md +++ b/mic/03/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Because of you ## +# because of you -Here "you" refers to the priests, prophets, and leaders of the previous verse. +Here "you" refers to the priests, prophets, and leaders ([Micah 3:11](./09.md)). -## Zion will be plowed like a field, Jerusalem will be a heap of ruins, and the hill of the temple will be like a forested hill. ## +# Zion will become a plowed field ... and the hill of the temple will become a thicket -Micah means that Jerusalem will be completely destroyed. A large city with many people living there will become abandoned and grow over like a field or forest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"Zion" and "the hill of the temple" refer to the same place. When a farmer plows a field, he turns over all the dirt and uproots all the plants that are growing there. A thicket is so full of bushes that no one can use it for anything. These two metaphors cannot be literally true at the same time, but they emphasize that Yahweh will allow the invaders to completely destroy the temple area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Zion will be plowed like a field ## +# a plowed field -After its destruction, Jerusalem will be available to plow. AT: "Other people will plow Zion like a field." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"a field that a farmer has plowed" -## and the hill of the temple will be like a forested hill. ## +# a thicket -Not even the temple area will be spared. The leaders have corrupted it, and it will be destroyed too. \ No newline at end of file +a place where many small woody plants grow \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/intro.md b/mic/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c284de187d --- /dev/null +++ b/mic/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Micah 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Justice ##### +An unjust society was considered sinful. It was considered to be against the law of Moses. If these kingdoms did not have justice, they were not obedient to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unjust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are vivid pictures used in this chapter which show how the leaders of the people were treating the Israelites. These situations are absurd unless taken as a metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Micah 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/01.md b/mic/04/01.md index 52b086656d..95586f071d 100644 --- a/mic/04/01.md +++ b/mic/04/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the mountain of Yahweh’s house will be established ## +# the mountain ... other mountains -AT: "Yahweh will establish the mountain on which his temple is built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Yahweh making the temple mount higher than all other mountains and hills is a metaphor for making his temple the most important place on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## over the other mountains ## +# the mountain of Yahweh's house will be established -This means Mount Zion will be the most important of all the mountains. It might also mean that this mountain will be the highest in the world, not only in the area. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will establish the mountain on which his temple is built" or "Yahweh will make the mountain on which his temple is built great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## It will be established over the other mountains ## +# over the other mountains -AT: "Yahweh will honor it more than any other mountain" +Mount Zion will be the most important of all the mountains. It might also mean that this mountain will become the highest in the world, and not only in the region where it is located. -## and peoples will stream to it ## +# It will be exalted above the hills -The people of the nations will go to the mountain of Yahweh like a stream flows. This mean that many people will go. AT: "and the people of the nations will flow like a stream to it" or "and the people of the nations will go to it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will exalt it above the hills" or "Yahweh will make it higher than the hills" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# peoples will stream to it + +A stream flows continually to one place from many directions. Many people come to the temple mount from different directions. AT: "the people of the nations will flow like a stream to it" or "the people of the nations will go to it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/02.md b/mic/04/02.md index 9b7486dd8d..8ccbf39876 100644 --- a/mic/04/02.md +++ b/mic/04/02.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## let us go up to the mountain of Yahweh, to the house of the God of Jacob ## +# Many nations -Both the mountain and the house are references to the temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The word "nations" is a metonym for the people of the nations. AT: "The people from many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He will teach us his ways, and we will walk in his paths ## +# Come -Here "his ways" and "his paths" refer to what God wants the people to do. Also, "walk" means they will obey what he says. +This is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## For from Zion the Law will go out, and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem ## +# He will teach us his ways, and we will walk in his paths -Here the words "Law" and "word" are speaking of the same thing. The nations of the world will hear God's Law in Jerusalem. +Here "his ways" and "his paths" refer to what God wants the people to do. "Walk" means they will obey what he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## plowshares ## +# from Zion the law will go out, and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem -A plowshare is a blade that people use to dig into soil so they can plant seeds. +The law and the word going out is a metaphor for people hearing it and then being messengers to tell other people about it in other places. You may need to state the words omitted in the ellipsis. AT: "people will listen to the law in Zion and go outs and tell others; they will listen to the word of Yahweh in Jerusalem and go out and tell others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning knives. ## +# plowshares - The two parts of this sentence mean the same thing: weapons for war will be changed to tools to provide food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +a blade that people use to dig into soil so they can plant seeds -## pruning knives ## +# pruning hooks -A pruning knife is used to cut off branches or stems from a plant to make it produce better. \ No newline at end of file +a metal tool that people use to cut off branches or stems from plants + +# will not lift up sword + +will not threaten to start a war \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/04.md b/mic/04/04.md index 912a0a5603..b64b00b453 100644 --- a/mic/04/04.md +++ b/mic/04/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Micah continues describing the "last days" when people learn and obey Yahweh's law. -## under his vine and under his own fig trees ## +# they will sit every person under his vine and under his fig tree -This is an image of people living in peace. +Both the "vine" and the "fig tree" are symbols of prosperity. This phrase describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. If grapevines or fig trees are unknown you can translate this more generally. AT: "they will sit peacefully in their own gardens and fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## for the mouth of Yahweh of hosts has spoken ## +# for the mouth of Yahweh of hosts has spoken -AT: "for Yahweh of hosts has spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The mouth is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "for Yahweh of hosts has spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## walk…in the name of ## +# the peoples walk ... in the name of their god ... we will walk in the name of Yahweh -This phrase means to worship and obey. \ No newline at end of file +Walking on a path is a metaphor for living one's life. Walking in the name of someone is a metaphor for worshiping and obeying. AT: "the peoples ... worship and obey their god ... we will worship and obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/06.md b/mic/04/06.md index 6b09f04ed9..38a7f4fe91 100644 --- a/mic/04/06.md +++ b/mic/04/06.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -Yahweh is describing the “last days” when people learn and obey Yahweh's law. +# On that day -## On that day ## +"at that time" or "when I do those things." These words refer to "the last days" ([Micah 4:1](./01.md)). The word "day" can refer to a period of days or even years. -"In the future" +# the lame -## I will assemble the lame ## +This refers to those who cannot walk well. Being lame is a synecdoche for having any form of disability. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -"I will bring together those who are weak" +# gather the outcast -## and gather the outcast ## +"gather those whom I drove out of Jerusalem" -"and gather those whom I cause to be forced out" +# the ones driven away into a strong nation -## and the ones driven away into a strong nation ## +This can be translated in active form. The words omitted by the ellipsis can be added. AT: "I will make the ones I drove away into a strong nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -AT: "and the ones I drove away I will make into a strong nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# As for you, watchtower for the flock, hill of the daughter of Zion—to you it will come, your former dominion -## watchtower for the flock ## +Micah speaks to the people of Jerusalem by speaking to the temple mount as if it could hear him. You may need to make explicit that Micah is giving his message to the people. AT: "As for the temple mount, the place from which Yahweh watches over you, his sheep, the place that Jerusalem's people are most proud of—its former dominion will return" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -Yahweh uses this phrase to emphasize that the people of Jerusalem are supposed to guard and care for all the other people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# watchtower for the flock -## hill of the daughter of Zion ## +The people of Jerusalem protecting the other people in surrounding areas is spoken of as if they were a shepherd in a watchtower watching over his flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The "daughter" of a city means the people of the city. AT: "hill where the people of Zion live" \ No newline at end of file +# daughter of Zion ... daughter of Jerusalem + +The people who live in a place are spoken of as if the place is a mother and they are the daughter. AT: "people who live in Zion ... people who live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# hill + +Some modern versions understand this Hebrew word to mean "fortress" or "stronghold" here. + +# to you it will come, your former dominion + +The abstract noun "dominion" can be translated as a verb. AT: "you will rule over the nations as you did before" or "I will make you rule over the nations as you did before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/09.md b/mic/04/09.md index ff135affe1..65461eeb48 100644 --- a/mic/04/09.md +++ b/mic/04/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Now, why do you cry out aloud? ## +# Now, why do you shout so loudly? -Micah is mocking the people, trying to make them think about why God is dealing with them in this way. AT: “Now, you cry out.”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Micah is mocking the people, trying to make them think about why God is dealing with them in this way. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Look at how you are shouting loudly." or "Think carefully about why you are shouting loudly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Is there no king in you, is your counselor perished, that pangs have taken hold of you like a woman in labor? ## +# Is there no king among you? Has your counselor died? Is this why pain grips you like that of a woman in labor? -Micah continues to address the people in a mocking tone. The answer to these questions is no. The king and counselors are still there, but they are as useless and helpless. AT: "So why are you wailing now? Is it because you have no king? Have all your wise people died? You are weeping loudly like a woman who is giving birth to a baby." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Micah continues to mock the people. These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "You have a king, but he is useless to you. All your wise people are still alive, but they have nothing wise to say to you. This is why you are weeping loudly like a woman who is giving birth to a baby." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Be in pain and labor to give birth, daughter of Zion, like a woman in labor ## +# Be in pain ... like a woman in labor -Micah uses the image of a woman in labor to emphasize the agony of exile. He means that they //should// be in pain because God is punishing them by sending them away from Israel. Many of them will never come home again. +Micah compares the suffering the people will experience when enemies force them away from their cities to the pain a woman experiences when giving birth to a baby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## There you will be rescued. There Yahweh will rescue you ## +# There you will be rescued. There Yahweh will rescue you -AT: "There Yahweh will rescue you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh says the same thing in both active and passive forms to emphasize that he will do what he has said he will do. This can be translated in active form. AT: "There Yahweh will rescue you. There he will rescue you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the hand of your enemies + +Possible meanings for the word "hand" are 1) it could be a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, AT: "the power of your enemies" or 2) it could be a synecdoche for the person. AT: "your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/11.md b/mic/04/11.md index 0903b11e91..e551ba3501 100644 --- a/mic/04/11.md +++ b/mic/04/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Jerusalem will defeat her enemies. -## Let her be defiled; let our eyes gloat over Zion ## +# Let her be defiled -AT: "Let us ruin the city of Jerusalem and destroy its people so we can take great pleasure in their downfall." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Let us defile her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For he has gathered them like sheaves for the threshing floor ## +# let our eyes gloat over Zion -This means God is also preparing to punish the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The eye is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "let us gloat over Zion" or "let us enjoy watching the invaders destroy Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for he has gathered them like sheaves for the threshing floor + +The farmer puts his sheaves on his threshing floor just before he threshes them. In a similar way, Yahweh will soon destroy the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/13.md b/mic/04/13.md index 9560e76e57..3c48120433 100644 --- a/mic/04/13.md +++ b/mic/04/13.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh presents the imagery of the threshing floor. (See: [Micah 4:11](./11.md)) +# General Information: -## Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion ## +Yahweh presents the imagery of the threshing floor. (See: [Micah 4:12](./11.md)) -God will use the people of Zion to punish the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion ... your horn ... your hooves ... You will crush -## I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze ## +All instances of "your" and "you," as well as the commands, refer to the "daughter of Zion" and so are singular and feminine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -Yahweh is comparing the people of Zion to the strong oxen that would thresh the wheat. This means Yahweh will make the people of Israel strong again so they can defeat the other nations. \ No newline at end of file +# Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion, for I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze + +Yahweh speaks of the people of Zion as if they were strong oxen about to thresh wheat and their enemies were the wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze + +If your reader is not familiar with oxen or iron or bronze, you can remove the metaphor. AT: "for I will make you able to defeat and destroy every enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# their unjust wealth + +"the wealth they got by acting unjustly" or "the things they stole from other people" + +# their wealth + +The abstract noun "wealth" can be translated as a verb. AT: "the things that they own" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/intro.md b/mic/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9a011a9815 --- /dev/null +++ b/mic/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Micah 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues the poetic form to communicate that God will one day restore Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Remanant ##### +Micah speaks about a future hope and a remnant who will return to their homeland. Verses 1-8 are a vision of the future when God will restore Israel to its former glory. These verses will give hope to those about to be removed from their homeland. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Micah 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/01.md b/mic/05/01.md index 69fe983486..897ce28c45 100644 --- a/mic/05/01.md +++ b/mic/05/01.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# daughter of soldiers + +The people of a city are spoken of as if they were a woman. The soldiers are attacking the city. AT: "people of the city, whom soldiers are attacking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with a rod they will strike the judge of Israel on the cheek + +The rod is a metonym for a greater man punishing a lesser man with a rod. To strike a man on the cheek was to insult him more than to harm him. AT: "Yahweh will punish the judge of Israel by having the invaders insult the judge of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the judge of Israel + +This irony describes the king as having lost so much of his power and authority that he is really only a judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/02.md b/mic/05/02.md index a5c86229f3..49a4246db9 100644 --- a/mic/05/02.md +++ b/mic/05/02.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah ## +# But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah -Yahweh speaks to the people of this town as if they are there listening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +Yahweh speaks to the people of Judah, and especially to the people of Bethlehem, as if he were speaking to the town of Bethlehem itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## Ephrathah ## +# Ephrathah This is either the name of the area in which Bethlehem was situated or it is just another name for Bethlehem or it distinguishes this Bethlehem from another. Bethlehem is about six miles south of Jerusalem. It was the hometown of King David. Translators may add this footnote: "The name 'Ephrathah' means 'to be fruitful.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## even though you are small among the clans of Judah ## +# even though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you one will come -This means God will do great things through a small and insignificant town. +"even though other clans in Judah have more people in them, it is one of your people who will come" -## will come to me ## +# will come to me Here "me" refers to Yahweh. -## whose beginning is from ancient times, from everlasting ## +# whose beginning is from ancient times, from everlasting -This refers to the ruler descending from the ancient family of King David. +This refers to the ruler descending from the ancient family of King David. The phrases "from ancient times" and "from everlasting" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how old this family line is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Therefore God will give them up ## +# Therefore -"Therefore God will abandon the people of Israel" +"Because this ruler will come later" -## until the time when she who is in labor bears a child ## +# will give them up + +will abandon the people of Israel + +# until the time when she who is in labor bears a child This refers to the time when the ruler is born, a limited time. -## the rest of his brothers ## +# the rest of his brothers -“the rest of his fellow Israelites.” These are the Israelites in exile. Here "his" refers to the child who will be ruler. \ No newline at end of file +"the rest of the ruler's fellow Israelites," who are in exile \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/04.md b/mic/05/04.md index a5eb5076fc..c377823abd 100644 --- a/mic/05/04.md +++ b/mic/05/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + These verses continue describing the ruler from Bethlehem. -## He will stand and shepherd his flock in the strength of Yahweh ## +# He will stand and shepherd his flock in the strength of Yahweh -AT: "He will lead his people in the strength of Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +A shepherd, who feeds and protects his sheep, is a metaphor for the ruler, who will provide for and protect the people of Israel. AT: "Yahweh will give him the strength to lead his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the majesty of the name of Yahweh his God ## +# in the majesty of the name of Yahweh his God -AT: "in the powerful authority of Yahweh his God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The person's name is a metonym for person's authority. AT: "and people will honor him because Yahweh his God has given him the authority to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They will remain ## +# They will remain -Here "they" refers to the people of Israel. The word "Israel" or "Jerusalem" is implied. AT: "The people will remain in Israel" or "The people will remain in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +the people of Israel will remain -## for then he will be great to the ends of the earth ## +# remain -This means that in the future all people from every nation will give honor to Israel's ruler. +"live in safety" -## He will be our peace ## +# he will be great to the ends of the earth -Here "our" refers to Micah and the people of Israel. AT: "He will be a man of peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +All people from every nation will give honor to Israel's ruler. -## seven shepherds and eight leaders over men ## +# seven shepherds and eight leaders over men -Here "shepherds" mean "rulers." Also, you might want to add a footnote that says, "The numbers 'seven' and 'eight' combined mean that there will be more than enough leaders to meet the need." \ No newline at end of file +Here "shepherds" is a metonym for "rulers," another way of saying "leaders over men." The phrase "seven ... and eight" is an idiom for "more than enough." AT: "enough, even more than enough, rulers" or "more than enough shepherds and leaders over men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/06.md b/mic/05/06.md index 7ed4d23aa7..4d380b936f 100644 --- a/mic/05/06.md +++ b/mic/05/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## These men ## +# They will shepherd the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of Nimrod in its entrances -This refers to the "seven shepherds" and "eight leaders." +The sword is a metonym for killing in war. Here the Israelites ruling over the Assyrians is spoken of ironically as if they were killing sheep instead of herding them. The land of Assyria is a metonym for the people who live there. The entrances to cities were where official business took place. AT: "They will make war against the people of Assyria, and they will rule the cities of the land of Nimrod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## land of Nimrod ## +# They will shepherd the land of Assyria ... and the land of Nimrod -This is another name for the land of Assyria. Nimrod was a hunter and early leader. Translators may add this footnote: "The name 'Nimrod' means 'rebellion.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +You may need to repeat the words omitted in the ellipsis. AT: "They will shepherd the land of Assyria ... and they will shepherd the land of Nimrod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## He will rescue ## +# land of Nimrod -"The ruler will rescue" +This is another name for the land of Assyria. Nimrod was a hunter and early ruler. Translators may add this footnote: "The name 'Nimrod' means 'rebellion.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## like dew from Yahweh, like showers on the grass ## +# He will rescue -This emphasizes that the people of Judah will be a refreshing, a blessing, to the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The ruler will rescue -## that do not wait for man, not for human beings ## +# like dew from Yahweh, like showers on the grass -AT: "and they will wait and depend on God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Dew and rain showers refresh the land and cause things to grow. The Israelites will cause the people among whom they live to live will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# grass, that do not wait for a man, and they do not wait for the children + +"grass. It is not for a man that they wait, nor is it for the children." It is Yahweh alone who causes dew and rain showers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/08.md b/mic/05/08.md index a3a5114053..4156cd8075 100644 --- a/mic/05/08.md +++ b/mic/05/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,35 @@ -## like a lion among the animals of the forest, like a young lion among the flocks of sheep. When he goes through them, he will trample over them and tear them to pieces ## +# General Information: -This emphasizes that the people of Israel will have the power and courage while in exile to judge and destroy their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh promises that the Israelites who are alive after Yahweh has punished his people with war will completely defeat and rule over their enemies. + +# remnant of Jacob + +descendants of Jacob who survive the war + +# among the nations, among many peoples + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the "remnant of Jacob" will live in many different nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# like a lion among the animals of the forest, like a young lion among the flocks of sheep + +Lions are able to kill and eat any wild animal of the forest, and they easily kill sheep. AT: "like the fiercest of wild animals, like a wild animal that kills helpless livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# When he goes through them + +when the young lion goes through the flocks of sheep + +# will trample over them and tear + +"will jump on them so they fall down, and then he will tear" + +# Your hand ... your enemies + +The writer is speaking to Yahweh, so both instances of "your" are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Your hand will be lifted against your enemies + +The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises or a synecdoche for the whole person. To lift the hand is to exercise power. AT: "You will completely defeat your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# it will destroy them + +The hand is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "you will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/10.md b/mic/05/10.md index dbf3e0ffb5..8af02a62d5 100644 --- a/mic/05/10.md +++ b/mic/05/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## It will happen in that day ## +# in that day -This refers to an indefinite time in the future, probably during the exile. +- "at that time" or "when I do those things." These words refer to "the last days" ([Micah 4:1](../04/01.md)). The word "day" can refer to a period of days or even years. -## I will destroy your horses among you and will demolish your chariots ## +# I will destroy your horses from among you and will demolish your chariots -The people of Israel used horses and chariots in only in battle. It also may have involved alliances with foreign, godless countries. God did not want the people to trust in their weapons of war to protect them more than they trusted in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people of Israel used horses and chariots only in battle, and they may have traded for them with the godless nations around them. God did not want the people to trust in their weapons of war to protect them more than they trusted in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your horses ... among you ... your chariots ... your land ... your strongholds + +Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/12.md b/mic/05/12.md index 88fd44c8ed..75665309f6 100644 --- a/mic/05/12.md +++ b/mic/05/12.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. + +# the witchcraft in your hand + +Being in the "hand" represents the actions that the person does. AT: "the witchcraft that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your hand ... you will ... your carved ... your stone ... among you. You will ... your hands ... your Asherah ... among you ... your cities + +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the workmanship of your hands + +The abstract noun "workmanship" can be translated using the verb "make." AT: "what your hands have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# will uproot your Asherah poles + +Yahweh speaks of Asherah poles as if they were trees that he would pull out of the ground. AT: "will pull your Asherah poles out of the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/intro.md b/mic/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f18ffeef9b --- /dev/null +++ b/mic/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Micah 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Messiah ##### +This chapter contains a prophecy explaining that the messiah was to be born in Bethlehem. This meaning is made clear in the New Testament. (See: [Micah 5:2](./02.md), [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Change in Personal Pronouns ##### +Extra care must be taken in translating pronouns in this chapter. Sometimes "I" is a reference to the author and other times it is a reference to Yahweh. There is also a noticable shift where the author stops speaking about the people as "you" and begins speaking about them as "we" or "us." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Micah 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/01.md b/mic/06/01.md index 419a11d7ac..1afa41aeab 100644 --- a/mic/06/01.md +++ b/mic/06/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Arise and state your case...he will fight in court against Israel ## +# Now listen ... Listen to Yahweh's lawsuit -In 6:1-5 Micah uses courtroom imagery. Yahweh speaks before the witnesses to determine why the people of Israel have abandoned God and started worshiping idols. +Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to mountains that can hear him, so both instances of "listen" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## the mountains...the hills...enduring foundations of the earth ## +# Arise ... state ... let ... your voice + +Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so the commands and the word "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Arise and state your case before the mountains; let the hills hear your voice + +Yahweh speaks as if he is in court and the mountains and hills are the judges. He commands the people of Israel to tell the judges why they have done what they did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the mountains ... the hills ... enduring foundations of the earth Micah is speaking to these things as if they are humans. Micah is using the mountains, hills, and foundations of the earth as an eternal witness against his people's idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/03.md b/mic/06/03.md index 7f4ff73129..87c47d96fd 100644 --- a/mic/06/03.md +++ b/mic/06/03.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -2]]) +# General Information: -## My people, what have I done to you? How have I wearied you? Testify against me! ## +This continues Yahweh's lawsuit against the people of Israel. (See: [Micah 6:1-2](./01.md)) + +# My people, what have I done to you? How have I wearied you? Testify against me! God uses questions to emphasize that he is a good God, and he has done nothing to cause the people to stop worshiping him. AT: "My people, I have been good to you. I have done nothing to make you tired of me. If you think I have, testify against me, now." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## house of bondage ## +# to you ... wearied you? Testify ... brought you ... rescued you ... Miriam to you ... remember ... you went ... you may know -AT: "the place where you were slaves" +Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## call to mind ## +# house of bondage -"remember" +A house is a metaphor for a place in which one lives for a long time. The abstract noun "bondage" can be translated as "to be slaves." AT: "the place where you were slaves for a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Balak king of Moab devised, and what Balaam son of Beor answered him ## +# what Balak ... devised -This refers to an event in the past when King Balak hired Balaam to curse the people of Israel. However, God allowed Balaam to only bless the people. +"the plans Balak ... made to harm you -## Beor ## +# how Balaam ... answered him + +Possible meanings are 1) Balaam obeyed Balak by coming when Balak called him, AT: "how Balaam ... did what Balak asked him to do" or 2) Balaam explained to Balak why Balaam had blessed the Israelites instead of cursing them as Balak had commanded. AT: "what Balaam told Balak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Beor This is the name of Balaam's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shittim ## +# Shittim This is the name of a place in Moab. -## that you may know the righteous acts of me, Yahweh ## +# so you may know the righteous acts of Yahweh -"so that you may remember who I am, and what I have done for you" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh refers to himself by his own name. AT: "so that you may remember the righteous things that I, Yahweh, have done for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/06.md b/mic/06/06.md index 9f5c4451a9..790ba3a32f 100644 --- a/mic/06/06.md +++ b/mic/06/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## What should I bring to Yahweh, as I bow down to the high God? Should I come to him with burnt offerings, with calves a year old? Will Yahweh be pleased with thousands of rams, or with ten thousand rivers of oil? Should I give my firstborn for my transgression, the fruit of my body for my own sin? ## +# What should I bring to Yahweh ... God? Should I come ... old? Will Yahweh be pleased ... oil? Should I give ... sin? -Micah uses questions to teach the people of Israel about what is really pleasing to God. AT: "Surely you do not think that you can please God by bringing him a year-old calf, 1,000 rams, 10,000 rivers of oil, or even your firstborn child as a sacrifice for your sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Micah speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are 1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or 2) he is using questions to teach the people. AT: "I know that I do no need to bring to Yahweh ... God, or come ... old, and that Yahweh will not be pleased ... oil or if I give ... sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## He has told you ## +# thousands of rams ... ten thousand rivers of oil -"Yahweh has told you" \ No newline at end of file +"rams in groups of 1,000 ... 10,000 rivers of oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# He has told you + +"Yahweh has told you" + +# good, and what Yahweh requires from you: Act ... God + +Many versions read, "good. And what does Yahweh require from you? He wants you to act ... God." or "good. And what does Yahweh require from you but to act ... God?" + +# love kindness + +The abstract noun "kindness" can be translated using the adjective "kind." AT: "love being kind to people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/09.md b/mic/06/09.md index 1ed9473139..fd346f8747 100644 --- a/mic/06/09.md +++ b/mic/06/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## The voice of Yahweh is making a proclamation to the city ## +# The voice of Yahweh is making a proclamation to the city -AT: "Yahweh is making an announcement to the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The voice represents the person and the city represents the people who live in it. AT: "Yahweh is making an announcement to the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## even now wisdom acknowledges your name ## +# even now wisdom acknowledges your name -AT: "and the wise person will fear Yahweh" or "and the wise person will obey what Yahweh says" +Wisdom is spoken of as a person and is a metonym for the wise person. The word "name" here is a metonym for the person himself, what people think of him, and his authority. AT: "and the wise person will fear you" or "and the wise person will acknowledge that you are good and will obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Pay attention to the rod, and to the one who has put it in place ## +# Pay attention to the rod, and to the one who has put it in place -Here "rod" refers to the enemy army with which Yahweh will discipline his people. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "rod" refers to the enemy army with which Yahweh, who "has put it in place," will discipline his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## false measures ## +# There is wealth in the houses of the wicked that is dishonest -This refers to weights that weighed items incorrectly so the person could purposely deceive others and make more money for himself. \ No newline at end of file +Dishonest wealth is a metonym for wealth that people have gained by acting dishonestly. The words "the wicked" refer to wicked people. Houses are a synecdoche for everything a person possesses. AT: "Wicked people have acted dishonestly to gain wealth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# false measures + +incorrect weights that people use with scales to increase their wealth by deceiving those with whom they trade \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/11.md b/mic/06/11.md index 9a5337876b..1a44e3db1a 100644 --- a/mic/06/11.md +++ b/mic/06/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Should I consider a person to be innocent if he uses fraudulent scales, with a bag of deceptive weights ## +# Should I consider a person to be innocent ... weights? -Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he considers guilty the person who deceives others in order to make more money. AT: "I certainly will consider a person guilty if he uses unfair scales and weights in order to cheat others and makes more money for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I certainly will not consider a person innocent ... weights." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## The rich men are full of violence ## +# deceptive weights -"The rich men take advantage of the poor" +weights with which sellers deceive buyers -## the inhabitants have spoken lies, and their tongue in their mouth is deceitful ## +# The rich men are full of violence -Both of these clauses mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "all of you are liars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) This should make an emotional impact on readers. \ No newline at end of file +Rich men are spoken of as if they were containers, and people treating each other violently is spoken of as if it were a liquid that could be put into a container. AT: "The rich men act violently toward everyone" or "The rich men act violently all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their tongue in their mouth is deceitful + +The tongue is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "Everything they say is a lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/13.md b/mic/06/13.md index 88bf697176..b0620da986 100644 --- a/mic/06/13.md +++ b/mic/06/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Therefore I have struck you with a severe wound...but drink no wine ## +# I will strike you with a terrible blow -Yahweh describes his punishment of his people as allowing the enemy army to come and take everything they grew, prepared, and stored for themselves. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh striking his people with blows is a metaphor for him punishing them. AT: "I have punished you severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your emptiness will remain inside you + +A person or thing being hungry is spoken of as if it were something that could be put in a container, and the people are spoken of as if they were containers. AT: "You will be hungry, and you will not be able to eat enough to satisfy yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/16.md b/mic/06/16.md index 60cff33e78..0791b8e59f 100644 --- a/mic/06/16.md +++ b/mic/06/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## The regulations made by Omri have been kept ## +# The regulations made by Omri have been kept, and all the deeds of the house of Ahab -AT: "You have done what Omri commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form, and you may need to supply the words that the ellipsis omitted. AT: "You have done what Omri commanded, and you have done the same things the house of Ahab did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Omri…Ahab ## +# Omri ... Ahab Both of these men were kings over the northern kingdom of Israel. God considered both of them to be very wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## You walk by their advice ## +# house of Ahab -AT: "you have done the evil things that Omri and Ahab told the people to do \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. AT: "the descendants of Ahab" + +# You walk by their advice + +Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. AT: "You do what Omri and Ahab told the people to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will make you, city, a ruin, and you inhabitants an object of hissing + +Micah speaks to the people of the city, who can hear him, as if he were speaking to the city itself, which cannot hear him. You may need to make explicit the words that the ellipsis omits. AT: "I will make your city a ruin, and I will make you inhabitants an object of hissing" or "I will make you, city, a ruin, and I will cause everyone who sees you, inhabitants of the city, to hiss at you" or "I will make the city a ruin, and I will make people hiss at the inhabitants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# you will bear the reproach of my people + +"you will suffer because my people will reproach you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/intro.md b/mic/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9bbbae5c2f --- /dev/null +++ b/mic/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Micah 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written as a court case or lawsuit by Yahweh against His people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Names in Lawsuit ##### +Moses, Aaron and Miriam are mentioned as witnesses for Yahweh and against Israel. +Ahab and Omri are mentioned as kings who were evil and did not follow Yahweh. Obedience to the law of Moses is contrasted with disobedience to the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/witness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Micah 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/01.md b/mic/07/01.md index ec49d02610..d1d502ad84 100644 --- a/mic/07/01.md +++ b/mic/07/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## For me it is like when the harvest of summer fruit … first ripe figs ## +# I have become like the gathering of summer fruit, and like the grapes that have been gleaned -Micah emphasizes that there are no longer any honest people, loyal to God, in Israel. AT: "For me the people of Israel are like a vineyard after the harvest and gleaning. The vines are bare. I can no longer find any fruit, but I still crave to eat a ripe fig. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Micah speaks of looking for but being unable to find faithful people as if he were looking for food after the harvesters had taken it all. You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "I have become like someone looking for food after the gathering of summer fruit, like a gleaner after the grapes have been gleaned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## The godly man has perished … with a net ## +# no grape cluster ... no ripe early fig -Micah exaggerates to show how bad the situation is. He feels there is no one good left in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +Micah speaks of faithful, upright people as if they were fruit that is good to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Faithful people have disappeared ... land; there is no upright person ... They all lie in wait ... blood; each one hunts + +These are exaggerations. AT: "I feel as though faithful people have disappeared ... land and there is no upright person ... I feel as though they all lie in wait ... blood, and each one hunts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# to shed blood + +Blood is a metaphor for the death of innocent people. AT: "to kill innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/03.md b/mic/07/03.md index 71c99b9466..2a62553be5 100644 --- a/mic/07/03.md +++ b/mic/07/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Micah continues speaking about the people of Israel. -## Their hands are very good ## +# Their hands are very good -AT: "The people are very good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The hand is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "The people are very good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## The best of them is like briers, the most upright is a hedge of thorns ## +# The best of them is like a brier, the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge -This means that even the best leaders in Israel caused harm and were worthless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Briers and thorns are good for nothing and harm those who touch them. The Israelite rulers and judges did nothing good and harmed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## It is the day foretold by your watchmen, the day of your punishment ## +# the most upright -Here "your" still refers to the people of Israel. AT: "Their prophets have told them that Yahweh would punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"those of them who try hardest to do what is good" -## Now their confusion has arrived ## +# It is the day foretold by your watchmen, the day of your punishment -This may refer to military defeat. AT: "Now it is here, and they will not understand what is happening" \ No newline at end of file +Micah speaks to the people of Israel, so both instances of "your" are plural. The word "watchmen" is a metaphor for prophets. AT: "Their prophets have told them that Yahweh would punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Now is the time of their confusion + +The abstract noun "confusion" can be translated as a verb. AT: "Now is when they do not understand what is happening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/05.md b/mic/07/05.md index d5eb27b482..6a9d7c762d 100644 --- a/mic/07/05.md +++ b/mic/07/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Micah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## Do not trust any neighbor…people of his own house ## +# Do not trust any neighbor ... people of his own house -Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God's people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family. \ No newline at end of file +Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God's people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family. + +# a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law + +You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "a daughter-in-law rises up against her mother-in-law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# his own house + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. AT: "his own family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/07.md b/mic/07/07.md index 94710f6ec6..84f51cdd01 100644 --- a/mic/07/07.md +++ b/mic/07/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## But as for me ## +# General Information: + +In verse 8 Micah begins speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the "daughter of soldiers" ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. All commands and instances of "you" are feminine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# But as for me Here "me" refers to Micah. -## Do not rejoice over me ## +# I will wait for the God of my salvation -Micah is not referring only to himself. He means the enemy should not rejoice over what happens to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated as a verb. AT: "I will wait for the God who saves me" or "I will wait for God, who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## When I sit in darkness, Yahweh will be a light for me ## +# will hear me -Micah refers to the disaster that is coming to the people of Israel as "darkness." He means even though God will let the enemy come destroy them now, he will come and rescue them in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "hear" represents hearing and acting. AT: "will act to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fall ... rise + +These words are metaphors for suffering from disaster and then recovering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sit in darkness + +These words are a metaphor for suffering from disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/09.md b/mic/07/09.md index e9a5d17bfe..7453d83ea3 100644 --- a/mic/07/09.md +++ b/mic/07/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Because I sinned ## +# General Information: -Micah is not only referring to himself. He means all the people of Israel have sinned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Micah continues the poem that began in [Micah 7:8](./07.md), speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the "daughter of soldiers" ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## until he pleads my cause, and executes judgment for me ## +# I will bear his rage -This refers to when God decides he has punished his people enough. Then he will punish the people of the other nations who harmed the people of Israel. +Rage is spoken of as if it were a solid object that Yahweh was forcing Micah to carry. AT: "I will suffer because he is angry with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He will bring me to the light ## +# until he pleads my cause, and executes judgment for me -AT: "He will come and save us from our enemies. It will be like bringing a person in the dark into the light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh will punish the people of the other nations who harmed the people of Israel. + +# he pleads my cause + +Yahweh is spoken of as if he were defending Micah in court. AT: "he defends me against those who harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# executes judgment for me + +"brings about justice for me" + +# He will bring me to the light + +Bringing Micah from darkness ([Micah 7:8](./07.md)) to light is a metaphor for ending the suffering from disaster and enabling him to live well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rescue me in his justice + +"bring justice to me and rescue me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/10.md b/mic/07/10.md index 4ad700f88b..dc700d1292 100644 --- a/mic/07/10.md +++ b/mic/07/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Then my enemy ## +# General Information: -Micah refers not only to himself. He means the enemy of all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Micah continues and ends the poem that began in [Micah 7:8](./07.md), speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the "daughter of soldiers" ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Where is Yahweh your God? ## +# my enemy ... the one who said ... your God ... My eyes -The enemy uses a question to mock the people of Israel. AT: "Yahweh your God cannot help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The words "enemy," "one," "your," and "my" here refer to the women in the poem and so are feminine singular. -## My eyes ## +# Where is Yahweh your God? -AT: "I" or "We" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The enemy uses a question to mock the people of Israel. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Yahweh your God cannot help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## will look at her ## +# My eyes -Here "her" refers to the enemies who harmed the people of Israel. +This phrase here refers to the whole person. AT: "I" or "We" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## she will be trampled down ## +# she will be trampled down -AT: "their enemies will trample them down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "her enemies will trample her down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# like the mud in the streets + +People who walk on mud without thinking they are doing anything bad are compared with those who will destroy Israel's enemies without thinking they are doing anything evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/11.md b/mic/07/11.md index ed4fb1de66..2d9b5eef6f 100644 --- a/mic/07/11.md +++ b/mic/07/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## A day to build your walls will come ## +# General Information: + +Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# A day to build your walls will come Here "walls" refers to the walls around their cities, which provided safety and security from their enemies. -## the boundaries will be extended very far ## +# the boundaries will be extended very far -AT: "Yahweh will greatly extend the boundaries of your land" or "Yahweh will greatly increase the size of your kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will greatly extend the boundaries of your land" or "Yahweh will greatly increase the size of your kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## And those lands will be abandoned ## +# the River -AT: "And those lands will be empty" or "And no one will live in those lands" \ No newline at end of file +You may need to make explicit the name of river. AT: "the Euphrates River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from sea to sea + +You may need to make explicit the names of the seas. "from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Dead Sea in the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from mountain to mountain + +"from one mountain to another." Micah does not speak of any particular mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the land will be desolate + +"the land will be empty" or "no one will live in the land" + +# because of the fruit of their actions + +Fruit is a metaphor for the results of an earlier action. AT: "because of the results of what they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/14.md b/mic/07/14.md index 619e49f59e..cc55902cf4 100644 --- a/mic/07/14.md +++ b/mic/07/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Shepherd your people with your rod, the flock of your inheritance ## +# Shepherd your people with your rod, the flock of your inheritance Micah is praying to Yahweh, asking him to protect his people of Israel again. Here "rod" refers to God's leadership and guidance, as a shepherd uses a stick to guide and protect his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Even though they are living alone ## +# They live alone in a thicket, in the midst of a pastureland -Micah means that some of the people are living where the ground is poor and they are isolated and cannot easily obtain needed goods. +Micah speaks of his people as if they were wild animals hiding in bushes instead of livestock grazing in fields with much grass to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in a forest by Mount Carmel let them feed in Bashan and Gilead ## +# a thicket -These regions are known as rich land for growing food. So Micah is asking for further extension of the territory, one that had been lost by invaders years before. +a place where many small woody plants grow -## as in ancient days ## +# Bashan and Gilead -This may refer to when Solomon was king. +These regions are known as rich land for growing food. -## I will show ## +# as in the old days -Here "I" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +Bashan and Gilead had been part of Israel long ago, when David was king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# As in the days ... them wonders + +Yahweh speaks to the people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/16.md b/mic/07/16.md index 8578d7b05f..9bb0f4a4ca 100644 --- a/mic/07/16.md +++ b/mic/07/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## They will put their hands on their mouths; their ears will be deaf ## +# The nations -This shows how dismayed they are, so much so they cannot respond. See the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The word "nations" is a metonym for the people who live in many nations. AT: "The people of the nations nearby" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They will lick the dust like a snake, like creatures that crawl on the earth. ## +# They will put their hands on their mouths -Both phrases mean about the same thing. God's enemies will be completely humiliated and come to him in fear after they see the powerful things he does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +They do this to show that they are ashamed of what they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# their ears will be deaf + +This is an idiom. Nothing anyone says will have any effect on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They will lick the dust like a snake + +Snakes slither on the ground where dust gets on them, and here the people are being compared to snakes, though it is probably an exaggeration that they will lick the dust. Possible meanings are that these people 1) will literally lie on the ground in shame or 2) will be so ashamed and humbled that it will be as if they were lying on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# their dens + +The people are spoken of as if they were animals, because animals live in "dens". AT: "their homes" or "their hiding places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/18.md b/mic/07/18.md index 9b453d2081..8a7c31a8af 100644 --- a/mic/07/18.md +++ b/mic/07/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Who is a God like you ## +# Who is a God like you—who takes ... inheritance? -Micah uses a question to emphasize that there is no else who does the things that Yahweh does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Micah is emphasizing that there is no God like Yahweh. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I know that there is no God like you, who takes ... inheritance." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the remnant of your inheritance ## +# the remnant of his inheritance -"those of us your chosen people who have survived your punishment " \ No newline at end of file +"those of his chosen people who have survived his punishment" + +# you ... of the remnant of his inheritance? He does not keep his anger forever, because he delights in his covenant faithfulness. + +Here the words "his" and "he" can be stated in second person. AT: "you ... of the remnant of your inheritance, who do not keep your anger forever, because you delight in your covenant faithfulness?" or "you ... of the remnant of your inheritance? You do not keep your anger forever, because you delights in your covenant faithfulness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# he delights in his covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." AT: "he delights in being faithful to his covenant" or "he delights in being faithful to his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# passes over + +ignores + +# does not keep his anger + +"does not stay angry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/19.md b/mic/07/19.md index 7f43e5550f..71dabcd075 100644 --- a/mic/07/19.md +++ b/mic/07/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## You will ## +# You will Here "you" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## on us ## +# on us -Here "us" refers to Micah and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here "us" refers to Micah and the people, but not to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## you will trample our iniquities under your feet. You will throw all our sins into the depths of the sea ## +# you will trample our iniquities under your feet. You will throw all our sins into the depths of the sea -This means God will completely forgive the people's sins and will no longer punish the people for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Iniquity and sin are spoken of as if they were solid objects. AT: "You will treat our iniquities and sins as if they were not important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Give truth to Jacob and covenant faithfulness to Abraham ## +# You will give truth to Jacob and covenant faithfulness to Abraham -Here "Jacob" and "Abraham," who are ancestors of the nation of Israel, refer to the people of Israel now. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## to our ancestors ## - -This refers to Abraham and Jacob, and maybe others who were alive when God made his covenant with Israel. \ No newline at end of file +Here the names of Jacob and Abraham are metonyms for their descendants, the people of Israel to whom Micah was speaking. The abstract nouns "truth" and "faithfulness" can be stated as "trustworthy" and "faithful." AT: "You will show the descendants of Jacob and Abraham that your are trustworthy and faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/intro.md b/mic/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1bb646e642 --- /dev/null +++ b/mic/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Micah 07 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Last days ##### +This chapter looks forward to the hope of the coming savior for the faithful remnant. This is the future restoration of Israel when true peace will come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/savior]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) + +== Prophet== +The prophet was able to speak to God on behalf of the people. Often in this chapter, the prophet speaks in Israel's place and offers repentance to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Micah 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/front/intro.md b/mic/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..40f0cd55ca --- /dev/null +++ b/mic/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +# Introduction to Micah # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Micah #### + +1. God promises to punish the northern and the southern kingdoms (1:1–16) +1. The guilt of those who take advantage of others + - The guilt of the rich who oppress the poor (2:1–11) + - Promise of deliverance and restoration (2:12–13) + - Condemnation of rulers, priests and prophets (3:1–12) + -Yahweh's victory for all Israel + - Yahweh's kingdom will rule over all the nations (4:1–10) + - Israel will first be destroyed, and then will be victorious over its enemies (4:11–13) + - Messiah will come and shepherd his flock and devastate the nations who fought against him (5:1–6) + - Messiah will destroy everything that harmed his people (5:7–15) +1. Yahweh's case against Israel + - Yahweh reminds Israel when he led them out of slavery in Egypt (6:1–5) + - Israel's punishment, and true repentance (6:6–16) +1. The misery of Israel and their restoration + - The brokenness and misery of Israel (7:1–7) + - The coming together of nations in Israel (7:8–13) + - The incomparable view of Yahweh who restores and gives grace (7:14–20) + +#### What is the Book of Micah about? #### + +The Book of Micah is a collection of many prophetic pronouncements. Micah repeated many of the great prophetic themes in Isaiah. He began his ministry in the kingdom of Israel and then moved to the kingdom of Judah. Micah warned of the pending attacks of Assyria and the coming fall of both kingdoms. Micah condemned injustice and immorality. He denounced those who did not work for a living and he renounced the false prophets who were giving Israel and Judah a sense of false security, by telling them that they were safe and that Yahweh would protect and deliver them. + +Micah appealed to the people to live righteous and holy lives because of their connection with Yahweh. Their sins were evidence that they were not worshiping and serving Yahweh. The way they lived their lives, especially how they treated their fellow countrymen, proved the failure of their faith and showed that they had lost their love for Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unjust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### +Translators may decided to translate the traditional title "The Book of Micah" in a way that is clearer to the readers. They may decide to call it, "The Sayings of Micah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote Micah? #### + +Micah probably wrote this book. Micah lived at the same time as Isaiah and Hosea (in the mid to late 8th century BC) during the reigns of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## +#### Who is the deliverer Micah mentions? #### + +Micah frequently mentions a king who will deliver the people. While he is not directly mentioned to be the Messiah, it becomes clear that the person Micah mentions is the Messiah, the descendant of David who will rule forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Were the Israelites required to offer sacrifices or live holy lives to please Yahweh? #### + +While much of the Old Testament focuses on offering sacrifices according to the law of Moses, Micah explains to the people that Yahweh is only pleased when the people offer these sacrifices in faith. Without faith sacrifices become empty religious practices. True faith will result in the people living just lives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why does Micah 1:10-16 sound unusual? #### + +This passage sounds unusual because of its construction in Hebrew, called a play on words. The names of the cities are used to describe their destruction. "Lachish will be lashed" is an example of this type of construction. This is a poetic element that might not correspond to the actual way they will be punished. + +#### What does a translator need to know before translating Micah? #### + +Micah does not frequently explain the historical context of his prophecies. This may result in the translator's failure to understand implicit information unless they have a solid understanding of the time of Micah's ministry. It is therefore suggested that translators have a good understanding of the history of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### How do I translate passages where the speaker or addressee is not mentioned explicitly? #### + +Micah often fails to mention who is speaking or who is being addressed. The context of the quote will often help the reader to understand who is speaking or being addressed. It is acceptable to make this information explicit so the reader can more easily understand it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### How should the text of Micah be formatted? #### +The ULB tries to replicate the same poetic format as the Hebrew text. Many languages will be capable of replicating this but some languages will not be capable of doing this. The poetic portions of the text have been set apart through the use of indentation. With the exception of the first verse, the entire book is indented because the book is written as a series of poetic prophecies. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/01.md b/mrk/01/01.md index bc5589b4c0..0718c2e83a 100644 --- a/mrk/01/01.md +++ b/mrk/01/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,39 @@ -## your...your ## +# General Information: -singular (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The book of Mark begins with the prophet Isaiah's foretelling the coming of John the Baptist who baptizes Jesus. -## Make ready the way of the Lord, Make his paths straight ## +# General Information: -These two commands mean the same thing: "Prepare" to meet someone important. If they are the same in your language, you can omit the second sentence, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The author is Mark, also called John Mark, who is the son of one of the several women named Mary mentioned in the four Gospels. He is also the nephew of Barnabas. + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# before your face + +This is an idiom that means "ahead of you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your face ... your way + +Here the word "your" refers to Jesus and is singular. When you translate this, use the pronoun "your" because this is a quote from a prophet, and he did not use Jesus' name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# the one + +This refers to the messenger. + +# will prepare your way + +Doing this represents preparing the people for the Lord's arrival. AT: "will prepare the people for your arrival" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The voice of one calling out in the wilderness + +This can be expressed as a sentence. AT: "The voice of one calling out in the wilderness is heard" or "They hear the sound of someone calling out in the wilderness" + +# Make ready the way of the Lord ... make his paths straight + +These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Make ready the way of the Lord + +"Get the road ready for the Lord." Doing this represents being prepared to hear the Lord's message when he comes. People do this by repenting of their sins. AT: "Prepare to hear the Lord's message when he comes" or "Repent and be ready for the Lord to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/04.md b/mrk/01/04.md index 103c658184..052223c087 100644 --- a/mrk/01/04.md +++ b/mrk/01/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## As John came ## +# General Information: -Be sure your reader understands that John was the one spoken of in [Mark 1:1](./01.md). +In these verses the words "he," "him," and "his" refer to John. -## he...him...his ## +# John came -John +Be sure your reader understands that John was the messenger spoken of by the prophet Isaiah in the previous verse. -## All the country of Judea and all the people of Jerusalem ## +# The whole country of Judea and all the people of Jerusalem -"many people from Judea and Jerusalem ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "whole country" are a metaphor for the people who live in the country and a generalization that refers to a great number of people, not to every single person. AT: "Many people from Judea and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# They were baptized by him ... confessing their sins + +These two actions happened simultaneously. The people were baptized because they repented of their sins. AT: "When they repented of their sins, John baptized them in the Jordan River" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/07.md b/mrk/01/07.md index 617d6dcd4f..6d6f6949c9 100644 --- a/mrk/01/07.md +++ b/mrk/01/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## He preached ## +# He proclaimed -John ([Mark 1:1](./01.md)) preached +"John proclaimed" -## I am not worthy even to stoop down to untie the strap of his sandals ## +# I am not worthy even to stoop down to untie the strap of his sandals -John is saying that he does not deserve to do the most unpleasant work of a servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +John is comparing himself to a servant to show how great Jesus is. AT: "I am not even worthy to do the lowly task of removing his shoes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## stoop down ## +# the strap of his sandals + +At the time Jesus was alive, people wore sandals that were often made of leather and tied to the foot with leather straps. + +# stoop down "bend down" -## baptize you with the Holy Spirit ## +# but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit -Spiritual baptism brings people into contact with the Holy Spirit like water baptism brings people into contact with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This metaphor compares John's baptism with water to the future baptism with of the Holy Spirit. This means John's baptism only symbolically cleanses people of their sins. The baptism by the Holy Spirit will truly cleanse people of their sins. If possible, use the word "baptize" in your translation to keep the comparison to John's baptism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/09.md b/mrk/01/09.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..58fc796e1d --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/01/09.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# It happened in those days + +This marks the beginning of a new event in the storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# he was baptized by John + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "John baptized him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Spirit coming down on him like a dove + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a simile, and the Spirit descended upon Jesus like a bird descends from the sky toward the ground or 2) the Spirit literally looked like a dove as he descended upon Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# A voice came out of the heavens + +This represents God speaking. Sometimes people avoid referring directly to God because they respect him. AT: "God spoke from the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# beloved Son + +This is an important title for Jesus. The Father calls Jesus his "beloved Son" because of his eternal love for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/12.md b/mrk/01/12.md index 8d07b8646b..a49fb7c04f 100644 --- a/mrk/01/12.md +++ b/mrk/01/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## compelled him to go out ## +# Connecting Statement: -drove Jesus out forcefully. +After Jesus' baptism, he is in the wilderness for 40 days and then goes to Galilee to teach and call his disciples. -## He was in the wilderness ## +# compelled him to go out + +"drove Jesus out forcefully" + +# He was in the wilderness "He stayed in the wilderness" -## forty days ## +# forty days "40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## He was with ## +# He was with "He was among" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/14.md b/mrk/01/14.md index bb55d8466e..0448281044 100644 --- a/mrk/01/14.md +++ b/mrk/01/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## after John was arrested ## +# after John was arrested -"after John was placed in prison". Alternate translation: "after they arrested John" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"after John was placed in prison." This can be stated in active form. AT: "after they arrested John" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## proclaimed the gospel of God ## +# proclaiming -"preached the good news that came from God" +"preaching" -## The time is fulfilled ## +# The time is fulfilled "It is now time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/16.md b/mrk/01/16.md index 24854f0a97..8499b85eba 100644 --- a/mrk/01/16.md +++ b/mrk/01/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## he saw Simon and Andrew ## +# he saw Simon and Andrew "Jesus saw Simon and Andrew" -## casting a net ## +# casting a net in the sea -"throwing a net" +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "throwing a net into the water to catch fish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## for they were fishermen ## +# Come, follow me -"because they were fishermen" +"Follow me" or "Come with me" -## Come after me ## +# I will make you fishers of men -"Follow me" - -## I will make you become fishers of men ## - -He will teach them how to gather people just as they have been gathering fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## they left the nets and went after him ## - -"they left their work as fishermen to become followers of Jesus." \ No newline at end of file +This metaphor means Simon and Andrew will teach people God's true message, so others will also follow Jesus. AT: "I will teach you to gather men to me like you gather fish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/19.md b/mrk/01/19.md index 7067233f6b..d88ad2c365 100644 --- a/mrk/01/19.md +++ b/mrk/01/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## in the boat ## +# in the boat -"in their boat" +It can be assumed that this boat belongs to James and John. AT: "in their boat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## mending the nets ## +# mending the nets "repairing the nets" -## hired servants ## +# called them + +It may be helpful to state clearly why Jesus called to James and John. AT: "called them to come with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# hired servants "servants who worked for them" -## they followed him ## +# they followed him -"James and John went with Jesus" \ No newline at end of file +James and John went with Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/21.md b/mrk/01/21.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..febe56dcfc --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/01/21.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +In the town of Capernaum on the Sabbath Jesus teaches in the synagogue. He sends a demon out of a man, which amazes the people in all the nearby area around Galilee. + +# came into Capernaum + +"arrived at Capernaum" + +# as someone who has authority and not as the scribes + +There are words left out in this statement that can be added. AT: "as someone who has authority taught and not as the scribes taught" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/23.md b/mrk/01/23.md index 12458d1dda..ed59e7ae17 100644 --- a/mrk/01/23.md +++ b/mrk/01/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## their synagogue ## +# What do we have to do with you, Jesus of Nazareth? -This is the worship place Jesus and his disciples had walked into, which was also where he had started teaching. +The demons ask this rhetorical question meaning there is no reason for Jesus to interfere with them and that they desire him to leave them. AT: "Jesus of Nazareth, leave us alone! There is no reason for you to interfere with us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Have you come to destroy us ## +# Have you come to destroy us? -Alternate translation: "Do not destroy us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The demons ask this rhetorical question to urge Jesus not to harm them. AT: "Do not destroy us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# threw him down + +Here the word "him" refers to the demon-possessed man. + +# while crying out with a loud voice + +The demon is the one who is crying out, not the man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/27.md b/mrk/01/27.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a560705229 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/01/27.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# they asked each other, "What is this? A new teaching with authority? ... and they obey him!" + +The people used the two questions to show how amazed they were. The questions can be expressed as exclamations. AT: "they said to each other, 'This is amazing! He gives a new teaching, and he speaks with authority! ... and they obey him!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# He even commands + +The word "He" refers to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/29.md b/mrk/01/29.md index e5fa1c6d09..68a4743352 100644 --- a/mrk/01/29.md +++ b/mrk/01/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## after they left ## +# Connecting Statement: -after Jesus, Simon, and Andrew left +After healing the demon-possessed man, Jesus healed Simon's mother-in-law as well as many other people. -## the fever left her ## +# Now Simon's mother-in-law was lying sick with a fever -Alternate translation: "Simon's mother-in-law was healed from the fever she had" +The word "Now" introduces Simon's mother-in-law to the story and gives background information about her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## she started serving them ## +# the fever left her -Alternate translation: "she provided them with food and drinks" \ No newline at end of file +It can be shown clearly who healed her. AT: "Jesus healed her of the fever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# she started serving them + +It is implied that food was served. AT: "she provided them with food and drinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/32.md b/mrk/01/32.md index 78ee760c4d..9d8646bba2 100644 --- a/mrk/01/32.md +++ b/mrk/01/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## "him...He...he...him ## +# General Information: -Jesus +Here the words "him" and "he" refer to Jesus. -## The whole city gathered together at the door ## +# all who were sick or possessed by demons -"Many people from that city gathered outside the door" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "all" is an exaggeration to emphasize the great number of people who came. AT: "many who were sick or possessed by demons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# The whole city gathered together at the door + +The word "city" is a metonym for the people who lived in the city. Here the word "whole" is probably a generalization to emphasize that most people from the city gathered. AT: "Many people from that city gathered outside the door" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/35.md b/mrk/01/35.md index 53cbd297b5..a84d4182a2 100644 --- a/mrk/01/35.md +++ b/mrk/01/35.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## a solitary place ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus takes time to pray in the midst of his time of healing people. He then goes to towns throughout Galilee to preach, heal, and cast out demons. + +# General Information: + +Here the words "he" and "him" refer to Jesus. + +# a solitary place "a place where he could be alone" -## Everyone is looking for you ## +# Simon and those who were with him -Alternate translation: "Many people are looking for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "him" refers to Simon. Also, those with him include Andrew, James, John, and possibly other people. + +# Everyone is looking for you + +The word "Everyone" is an exaggeration to emphasize the very many people who were looking for Jesus. AT: "Many people are looking for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/38.md b/mrk/01/38.md index 693b0816e5..5615a07442 100644 --- a/mrk/01/38.md +++ b/mrk/01/38.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## He...He...he...he ## +# General Information: -Jesus +Here the words "he" and "I" refer to Jesus. -## Let us go elsewhere ## +# Let us go elsewhere -"We need to go to some other place." +"We need to go to some other place." Here Jesus uses the word "us" to refer to himself, along with Simon, Andrew, James, and John. -## He went throughout all Galilee ## +# He went throughout all of Galilee -"He went to many places in Galilee" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "throughout all" are an exaggeration used to emphasize that Jesus went to many locations during his ministry. AT: "He went to many places in Galilee" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/40.md b/mrk/01/40.md index 6d2c000e82..049367a0be 100644 --- a/mrk/01/40.md +++ b/mrk/01/40.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## A leper came to him; he was begging him as he knelt down. He said to him ## +# A leper came to him. He was begging him; he knelt down and said to him -"A leper came to Jesus; the leper was begging Jesus as the leper knelt down. The leper said to Jesus" +"A leper came to Jesus. He knelt down and was begging Jesus and said" -## If you are willing ## +# If you are willing, you can make me clean -"If you desire to make me clean" +The phrase "to make me clean" is understood from the next phrase. AT: "If you are willing to make me clean, then you can make me clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## you can make me clean ## +# are willing -"you can heal me" People with leprosy were considered unclean and were cast out from society, but when the leprosy was gone, the man could return to society. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"want" or "desire" -## I am willing ## +# you can make me clean -"I desire to make you clean" \ No newline at end of file +In biblical times, a person who had certain skin diseases was considered unclean until the skin was healed enough to no longer be contagious. AT: "you can heal me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Moved with compassion, Jesus + +Here the word "moved" is an idiom meaning to feel emotion about another's need. AT: "Having compassion for him, Jesus" or "Jesus felt compassion for the man, so he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I am willing + +It may be helpful to state what Jesus is willing to do. AT: "I am willing to make you clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/43.md b/mrk/01/43.md index 1675cb265a..a92ade0294 100644 --- a/mrk/01/43.md +++ b/mrk/01/43.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## him...him...him ## +# General Information: -the leper who was healed +The word "him" used here refers to the leper whom Jesus healed. -## show yourself ## +# Be sure to say nothing to anyone -"show your skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Be sure to not say anything to anyone" + +# show yourself to the priest + +Jesus told the man to show himself to the priest so that the priest could look at his skin to see if his leprosy was really gone. It was required in the law of Moses for a man to present himself to the priest if he had been cleansed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# show yourself + +The word "yourself" here represents the skin of the leper. AT: "show your skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a testimony to them + +It is best to use the pronoun "them," if possible, in your language. Possible meanings are 1) "a testimony to the priests" or 2) "a testimony to the people." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/45.md b/mrk/01/45.md index cf8038f29c..5c91abfb93 100644 --- a/mrk/01/45.md +++ b/mrk/01/45.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## he went...he spread ## +# But he went -"the man went out...the man spread" +The word "he" refers to the man Jesus healed. -## tell everyone...spread the word ## +# tell everyone ... spread the word -These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the man told a lot of people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases share similar meanings and are used together to emphasize that the man told a lot of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## everyone ## +# everyone -everyone he met (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +The word "everyone" is an exaggeration to emphasize how very many people he told. AT: "many people he met" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Jesus was unable to go freely into any town ## +# Jesus could no longer freely enter into any town -"The crowds prevented Jesus from moving freely in towns" +It is implied that the large crowds prevented Jesus from being able to enter the towns because the crowds made it difficult for him to walk around there. AT: "the crowds prevented Jesus from moving freely in towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## from everywhere ## +# solitary places -"from all over the region" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"lonely places" or "places where no one lived" + +# from everywhere + +The word "everywhere" is a hyperbole used to emphasize how very many places the people came from. AT: "from all over the region" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/intro.md b/mrk/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..36377cd39d --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Mark 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of [Mark 1:2-3](./01.md), which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "You can make me clean" ##### +Leprosy was a disease of the skin that made a person unclean and unable to properly worship God. Jesus is capable of making people physically "clean" or healthy as well as spiritually "clean" or right with God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Past Events ##### +Parts of this chapter are a sequence of events that have already happened. In a given passage, Mark sometimes writes as if the events have already occurred while other events are still in progress (even though they are complete at the time that he writes). This can cause difficulty in translation by creating an illogical order of events. It may be necessary to make these consistent by writing as if all the events have already happened. (See: [Mark 1:4-5](./04.md)) + +##### "The kingdom of God is near" ##### + +Scholars debate whether the "kingdom of God" was present at this time or is something that is still coming. English translations frequently use the phrase "at hand," but this can create difficulty for translators. Other versions use the phase "is coming" and "has come near." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Mark intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/01.md b/mrk/02/01.md index 82a5d780c9..511668cadb 100644 --- a/mrk/02/01.md +++ b/mrk/02/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the people there heard he was in the house ## +# Connecting Statement: -"the people there heard he was staying in the same house" +After preaching and healing people throughout Galilee, Jesus returns to Capernaum where he heals and forgives the sin of a paralyzed man. -## there was no longer room for them inside ## +# it was heard that he was at home -"there was no more room for them inside" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people there heard that he was staying at his home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# So many gathered there + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so many people gathered" or "so many people came to the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there was no more space + +This refers to there being no space inside the house. AT: "there was no more room for them inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/03.md b/mrk/02/03.md index d7cd53ee39..0285c80503 100644 --- a/mrk/02/03.md +++ b/mrk/02/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## brought a paralyzed man ## +# four people were carrying him -"brought a man who was unable to walk or use his arms" +"four of them were carrying him." It is likely that there were more than four people within the group that brought the man to Jesus. -## four people ## +# were bringing a paralyzed man -"4 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"were bringing a man who was unable to walk or use his arms" -## could not get near ## +# could not get near him -"could not get close to where Jesus was" \ No newline at end of file +"could not get close to where Jesus was" + +# they removed the roof that was above Jesus ... made an opening + +Houses where Jesus lived had flat roofs made of clay and covered with tiles. The process of making a hole in the roof can be explained more clearly or made more general so that it may be understood in your language. AT: "they removed the tiles from the part of the roof above where Jesus was. And when they had dug through the clay roof" or "they made a hole in the roof above where Jesus was, and then they lowered" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/05.md b/mrk/02/05.md index 08b22eea35..0a0330d819 100644 --- a/mrk/02/05.md +++ b/mrk/02/05.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## Seeing their faith ## +# Seeing their faith -"Knowing that the men had faith." This can mean 1) that only the men who carried the paralyzed man had faith or 2) that the paralyzed man and the men who carried him all had faith. +"Seeing the men's faith." Possible meanings are 1) that only the men who carried the paralyzed man had faith or 2) that the paralyzed man and the men who brought him to Jesus all had faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the paralyzed man ## +# Son -"the man who could not walk" +The word "Son" here shows Jesus cared for the man as a father cares for a son. AT: "My son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Son ## +# your sins are forgiven -Jesus was showing that he cared for the man as a father cares for a son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +If possible translate this in such a way that Jesus does not clearly say who forgives the man's sins. AT: "your sins are gone" or "you do not have to pay for your sins" or "your sins do not count against you" -## your sins are forgiven ## +# reasoned in their hearts -This can mean 1) "God has forgiven your sins" (see 2:7) or "I have forgiven your sins" (see [Mark 2:10](./10.md)). +Here "their hearts" is a metonym for the people's thoughts. AT: "were thinking to themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## reasoned in their hearts ## +# How can this man speak this way? -"were thinking to themselves" +The scribes used this question to show their anger that Jesus said "Your sins are forgiven." AT: "This man should not speak this way!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## How can this man speak this way? ## +# Who can forgive sins but God alone? -"This man should not speak this way." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Who can forgive sins but God alone? ## - -"Only God can forgive sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The scribes used this question to say that since only God can forgive sins, then Jesus should not say "Your sins are forgiven." AT: "Only God can forgive sins!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/08.md b/mrk/02/08.md index ba7b1fa4b8..c58fd69a70 100644 --- a/mrk/02/08.md +++ b/mrk/02/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## they were thinking within themselves ## +# in his spirit -The scribes were thinking each to himself; they were not talking to each other. +"in his inner being" or "in himself" -## Why are you thinking this in your hearts? ## +# they were thinking among themselves -Jesus is scolding the scribes for doubting his authority. Alternate translation: "You scribes are questioning my authority." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Each of the scribes was thinking to himself; they were not talking to each other. -## What is easier…? ## +# Why are you thinking this in your hearts? -Jesus asked this question to remind the scribes that they believed that the man was paralyzed because of his sins and that if his sins were forgiven, he would be able to walk, so that when he healed the paralyzed man, the scribes would know that he could forgive sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus uses this question to tell the scribes that what they are thinking is wrong. AT: "What you are thinking is wrong." or "Do not think that I am blaspheming." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## What is easier to say...'Your sins are forgiven' or to say 'Get up...and walk'? ## +# this in your hearts -"Is it easier to say...'Your sins are forgiven'? Or is it easier to say 'Get up...and walk'?" \ No newline at end of file +The word "hearts" is a metonym for their inner thoughts and desires. AT: "this inside yourselves" or "these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# What is easier to say to the paralyzed man ... take up your bed, and walk'? + +Jesus asked this question because the scribes believed the man was paralyzed because of his sins, and if the man's sins were forgiven, he would be able to walk. If Jesus healed the paralyzed man, the scribes would have to acknowledge that Jesus can forgive sins. Therefore, they would be acknowledging, too, that he was God. This question can be changed to a statement. AT: "It is easier to say to the paralyzed man 'Your sins are forgiven' than it is to say 'Get up, take up your bed, and walk!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/10.md b/mrk/02/10.md index 32815d9c9c..f02a6affc3 100644 --- a/mrk/02/10.md +++ b/mrk/02/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## that you may know ## +# But in order that you may know -"I will prove to you" +"But so that you may know." The word "you" refers to the scribes and the crowd. -## you ## +# that the Son of Man has authority -the scribes and the crowd +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." AT: "that I am the Son of Man and I have authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## he said to the paralytic ## +# in front of everyone -"he said to the man who could not walk" - -## in front of them all ## - -"before the eyes of the crowd gathered there" \ No newline at end of file +"while all the people there were watching" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/13.md b/mrk/02/13.md index 53cb3fd6a2..700eb5d244 100644 --- a/mrk/02/13.md +++ b/mrk/02/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## the crowd came to him ## +# Connecting Statement: -"The people went where he was" \ No newline at end of file +Jesus is teaching the crowd beside the Sea of Galilee, and he calls Levi to follow him. + +# the lake + +This is the Sea of Galilee, which is also known as the Lake of Gennesaret. + +# the crowd came to him + +"the people went where he was" + +# Levi son of Alphaeus + +Alpheus is Levi's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/15.md b/mrk/02/15.md index 4752b1f95d..a2c6289d81 100644 --- a/mrk/02/15.md +++ b/mrk/02/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Levi's house ## +# Connecting Statement: + +It is now later in the day, and Jesus is at Levi's house for a meal. + +# Levi's house "the home of Levi" -## many tax collectors and sinful people were dining with Jesus and his disciples, for there were many who followed him. ## +# sinful people -"many tax collectors and sinful people who followed Jesus were dining with him and his disciples" +The Pharisees used the phrase "sinful people" to refer to people who did not keep the law as well as the Pharisees thought they should. -## "Why does he eat with tax collectors and sinful people?" ## +# for there were many and they followed him -The scribes and Pharisees were showing that they disapproved of what Jesus was doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] Alternate translation: "He should not eat and drink with sinners and men who collect taxes." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "for there were many tax collectors and sinful people who followed Jesus" or 2) "for Jesus had many disciples and they followed him." + +# Why does he eat with tax collectors and sinful people? + +The scribes and Pharisees asked this question to show they disapproved of Jesus' hospitality. This can be worded as a statement. AT: "He should not eat with sinners and tax collectors!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/17.md b/mrk/02/17.md index e2ab02ff88..fe38996e31 100644 --- a/mrk/02/17.md +++ b/mrk/02/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## he said to them ## +# Connecting Statement: -"he said to the Pharisees" +Jesus responds to what the scribes had said to his disciples about his eating with tax collectors and sinful people. -## "People who are strong in body do not need a physician; only people who are sick need one ## +# he said to them -Jesus is using a metaphor that he explains in the next sentence. He came for people who know they are sinners, not those who believe they are righteous.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"he said to the scribes" -## I did not come to call righteous people, but sinful people ## +# People who are strong in body do not need a physician; only people who are sick need one -"I came for people who understand they are sinful, not people who believe they are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus used this proverb about sick people and doctors to teach them that only people who know that they are sinful realize that they need Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +# strong in body + +"healthy" + +# I did not come to call righteous people, but sinful people + +Jesus expects his hearers to understand he came for those who want help. AT: "I came for people who understand they are sinful, not for people who believe they are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# but sinful people + +The words "I came to call" are understood from the phrase before this. AT: "but I came to call sinful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/18.md b/mrk/02/18.md index c647bcc41b..a9dbdf7175 100644 --- a/mrk/02/18.md +++ b/mrk/02/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Can the wedding attendants fast while the bridegroom is still with them? ## +# Connecting Statement: -With this rhetorical question Jesus is making a comparison between himself and his disciples and a bridegroom and his friends. At a wedding celebration, people feast. They do not fast. See the UDB for a way to translate this as a statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]].) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus tells parables to show why his disciples should not fast while he is with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# the Pharisees were fasting ... the disciples of the Pharisees + +These two phrases refer to the same group of people, but the second is more specific. Both refer to the followers of the Pharisee sect, but they do not focus on the leaders of the Pharisees. AT: "the disciples of the Pharisees were fasting ... the disciples of the Pharisees" + +# Some people + +"Some men." It is best to translate this phrase without specifying exactly who these men are. If in your language you have to be more specific, the possible meanings are 1) these men were not among John's disciples or the disciples of the Pharisees or 2) these men were among John's disciples. + +# came and said to him + +"came and said to Jesus" + +# Can the wedding attendants fast while the bridegroom is still with them? + +Jesus uses this question to remind the people of something they already know and to encourage them to apply it to him and his disciples. AT: "Wedding attendants do not fast while the bridegroom is with them. Rather they celebrate and feast." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/20.md b/mrk/02/20.md index 64ae5a31d1..11256bb259 100644 --- a/mrk/02/20.md +++ b/mrk/02/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the bridegroom will be taken away ## +# the bridegroom will be taken away -Jesus is speaking of his death and resurrection and ascension, but neither those who kill Jesus nor God who raises him and takes him up to heaven are the ones who take the bridegroom away. If your language requires you to specify the actor, be as general as possible. Alternate translations: "they will take the bridegroom away" or "people will take the bridegroom away" or "the bridegroom will go away." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the bridegroom will go away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## them...they ## +# away from them ... they will fast -the wedding attendants +The word "them" and "they" refer to the wedding attendants. -## No man sews a piece of new cloth on an old garment ## +# No man sews a piece of new cloth on an old garment -Sewing a piece of new cloth on an old garment will make the hole on an old garment worse if the piece of new cloth is not yet shrunk. Both the new cloth and old garment will be ruined. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Sewing a piece of new cloth on an old garment will make the hole on an old garment worse if the piece of new cloth has not yet shrunk. Both the new cloth and old garment will be ruined. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# No man + +"No one." This phrase refers to all people, not just men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/22.md b/mrk/02/22.md index 97ccf0e79a..0efe688ec8 100644 --- a/mrk/02/22.md +++ b/mrk/02/22.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## No man puts new wine into old wineskins ## +# Connecting Statement: -This is a metaphor or parable to answer the question "Why do John's disciples and the disciples of the Pharisees fast, but your disciples do not fast?" ([Mark 2:17](./17.md); See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus begins to tell another parable about putting new wine in old wineskins as opposed to new wineskins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## new wine ## +# new wine "grape juice." This refers to wine that has not fermented yet. If grapes are unknown in your area, use the general term for fruit. -## old wineskins ## +# old wineskins This refers to wineskins that have been used many times. -## wineskins ## +# wineskins -These were bags made out of animal skins. They could also be called "wine bags" or "skin bags" (UDB). +These were bags made out of animal skins. They could also be called "wine bags" or "skin bags" . -## the wine would burst the skins ## +# the wine will burst the skins -When the new wine ferments and expands, they would tear open because they could no longer stretch out. +New wine expands as it ferments, so it would cause old, brittle wineskins to tear open. -## lost ## +# lost -"ruined" (UDB) +"ruined" -## fresh wineskins ## +# fresh wineskins "new wineskins" or "new wine bags." This refers to wineskins that have never been used. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/23.md b/mrk/02/23.md index caa48cfa58..312ef49258 100644 --- a/mrk/02/23.md +++ b/mrk/02/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Look, why are they doing something that is not lawful to do on the Sabbath day? ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Look! They are breaking the Jewish law concerning the Sabbath." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus gives the Pharisees an example from scripture to show why the disciples were not wrong to pick grain on the Sabbath. -## pick heads of grain and eat it. ....doing something that is not lawful to do on the Sabbath day ## +# pick heads of grain ... doing something that is not lawful on the Sabbath day -Plucking grain in others' fields and eating it was not considered stealing (see UDB). The question was whether one could do this otherwise lawful activity on the Sabbath. +Plucking grain in others' fields and eating it was not considered stealing. The question was whether it was lawful to do this on the Sabbath. -## it ## +# pick heads of grain -the heads of grain +The disciples picked the heads of grain to eat them. This can be worded to show the full meaning. AT: "pick and eat heads of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## heads of grain ## +# heads of grain -This is the topmost part of the wheat plant, which is a kind of large grass. It holds the mature grain or seeds of the plant. +This is the topmost part of the wheat plant, which is a kind of tall grass. It holds the mature grain or seeds of the plant. -## Look ## +# Look, why are they doing something that is not lawful on the Sabbath day? -Alternative translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” \ No newline at end of file +The Pharisees ask Jesus a question to condemn him. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Look! They are breaking the Jewish law concerning the Sabbath." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Look + +"Look at this" or "Listen." This is a word used to get the attention of someone to show them something. If there is a word in your language that is used to draw a person's attention to something, you could use that here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/25.md b/mrk/02/25.md index 475dab51c3..69af813aea 100644 --- a/mrk/02/25.md +++ b/mrk/02/25.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues teaching the Scribes and Pharisees about the Sabbath. +# He said to them -## Have you not even read what David...with him? How he went ## +"Jesus said to the Pharisees" -Jesus knew that the Scribes and Pharisees had read the story. He is accusing them of wilfully misunderstanding it. Alternate translations: "Remember what David...with him and how he went" or "If you had understood what David...with him, you would know that he went" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Have you never read what David ... those who were with him? -## Abiathar ## +Jesus asks this question to remind the scribes and Pharisees of something David did on the Sabbath. The question is very long, so it can be divided into two sentences. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -One of the high priests during the time of David in Jewish history. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Have you never read what David did when he was in need and hungry—he and the men who were with him—how he -## "How he went into the house of God ## +This can be stated as a command. AT: "Remember what you read about what David did when he and the men who were with him were in need and hungry, how he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"David entered the house of God" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +# read what David + +Jesus refers to reading about David in the Old Testament. This can be translated showing the implicit information. AT: "read in the scriptures what David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# how he went into the house of God ... to those who were with him? + +This can be expressed as a statement separate from verse 25. AT: "He went into the house of God ... to those who were with him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# how he went + +The word "he" refers to David. + +# bread of the presence + +This refers to the twelve loaves of bread that were placed on a golden table in the tabernacle or temple building as a sacrifice to God during Old Testament times. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/27.md b/mrk/02/27.md index 7dd0f2943e..6d1e7d2bda 100644 --- a/mrk/02/27.md +++ b/mrk/02/27.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues teaching the Scribes and Pharisees about the Sabbath. \ No newline at end of file +# The Sabbath was made for mankind + +Jesus makes clear why God established the Sabbath. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God made the Sabbath for mankind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# mankind + +"man" or "people" or "the needs of people." This word here refers to both men and women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# not mankind for the Sabbath + +There are words missing from this statement that may be added to make it more clear. AT: "mankind was not made for the Sabbath" or "God did not make mankind for the Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/02/intro.md b/mrk/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7a0095bb3e --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Mark 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Sinful people" ##### +Mark refers to a group of people as "sinful." The Jewish leaders thought these people were sinful, but in reality it was the leaders were truly being sinful. This can be taken as irony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +##### Fasting and Feasting ##### +Fasting was often done during a time of repentance. It was not done during joyous times. This is used in contrast to weddings, which were a time of great joy and had a large feast. Having Jesus on the Earth was a cause of celebration for mankind. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Rhetorical questions are used several times in this chapter. The Jewish leaders used them to express disbelief and anger. Jesus used them to show the Jewish leaders their ignorance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/01.md b/mrk/03/01.md index 1475df7eda..52f26cc2d0 100644 --- a/mrk/03/01.md +++ b/mrk/03/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Jesus walked into the synagogue ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Jesus entered the synagogue" +Jesus heals a man on the Sabbath in the synagogue and shows how he feels about what the Pharisees had done with the Sabbath rules. The Pharisees and Herodians begin to plan to put Jesus to death. -## a man with a withered hand ## +# Some people + +"Some of the Pharisees." Later, in [Mark 3:6](./05.md), these people are identified as Pharisees. + +# a man with a withered hand "a man with a crippled hand" -## They watched him to see if he would heal him ## +# Some people watched him closely to see if he would heal him -"The Pharisees watched Jesus to see if he would heal the man with the withered hand" \ No newline at end of file +"The Pharisees watched Jesus closely to see if he would heal the man with the withered hand" + +# accuse him + +The Pharisees wanted to accuse Jesus of breaking the law by the working on the Sabbath, should he heal the man. AT: "accuse him of wrongdoing" or "accuse him of breaking the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/03.md b/mrk/03/03.md index 0cbaf230a8..ba2e108635 100644 --- a/mrk/03/03.md +++ b/mrk/03/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Get up and stand here in the middle of everyone. ## +# in the middle of everyone -"Get up and stand here in the middle of this crowd." +"in the middle of this crowd" -## Is it lawful...? ## +# Is it lawful to do good on the Sabbath ... or to kill? -Because the author notes that "they were silent," it seems that Jesus was challenging them and expecting an answer. Alternate translation: "You should know that it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath day and to do harm; to save a life, not to kill." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus said this to challenge them. He wanted them to acknowledge that it is lawful to heal people on the Sabbath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## lawful ## +# to do good on the Sabbath day or to do harm ... to save a life, or to kill -according to the Law of Moses \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases are similar in meaning, except that the second is more extreme. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# to save a life, or to kill + +It may be helpful to repeat "is it lawful," as that is the question Jesus is asking again in another way. AT: "is it lawful to save a life or to kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# a life + +This refers to physical life and is a metonym for a person. AT: "someone from dying" or "someone's life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But they were silent + +"But they refused to answer him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/05.md b/mrk/03/05.md index b67dee4a71..75782bb768 100644 --- a/mrk/03/05.md +++ b/mrk/03/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## "Stretch out your hand" ## +# He looked around + +"Jesus looked around" + +# was grieved + +"was deeply saddened" + +# their hardness of heart + +This metaphor describes how the Pharisees were unwilling to have compassion on the man with the withered hand. AT: "they were unwilling to have compassion on the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Stretch out your hand "Reach out with your hand" -## Jesus restored his hand ## +# his hand was restored -"Jesus healed his hand" or "Jesus made his hand the way it was before" +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "Jesus restored his hand" or "Jesus made his hand the way it was before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## held counsel with the Herodians ## +# began to plot -Alternate translation: "gathered with the Herodians" or "met and made plans with the Herodians" \ No newline at end of file +"began to make a plan" + +# the Herodians + +This is the name of an informal political party that supported Herod Antipas. + +# how they might put him to death + +"how they might kill Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/07.md b/mrk/03/07.md index f802f0ea67..929e003846 100644 --- a/mrk/03/07.md +++ b/mrk/03/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## heard all he was doing ## +# Connecting Statement: -"heard about the great miracles that Jesus was performing" +Jesus continued to heal people as great crowd of people followed him when he wanted to get away. -## they came to him ## +# the sea -"the crowd went to Jesus where he was" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the Sea of Galilee. + +# Idumea + +This is the region, previously known as Edom, which covered the southern half of the province of Judea. + +# the things he was doing + +This refers to the miracles Jesus was performing. AT: "the great miracles that Jesus was performing" + +# came to him + +"came to where Jesus was" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/09.md b/mrk/03/09.md index 913ed6f31b..f747b88127 100644 --- a/mrk/03/09.md +++ b/mrk/03/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## He said to his disciples to have a boat ready for him ## +# He asked his disciples to have a small boat ... not crush him -"Jesus said to his disciples: Get a boat ready for me.'" +As the large crowd was pushing forward toward Jesus, he was in danger of being crushed. In the UDB, verses 9-10 are bridged and state this implicit information clearly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## the pressure of the crowd was so great ## +# He asked his disciples -"the crowd pushed forward in order to touch him" (UDB) +"Jesus told his disciples" -## all who had afflictions pressed upon him ## +# For he healed many, so that -"All the sick pushed forward trying to touch him" \ No newline at end of file +The word "many" refers to the large number of people Jesus had already healed. AT: "Because Jesus had healed many people, everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# everyone who had afflictions eagerly approached him in order to touch him + +"all the sick people pushed forward eagerly trying to touch him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/11.md b/mrk/03/11.md index 0c4e396283..7bd8617953 100644 --- a/mrk/03/11.md +++ b/mrk/03/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## they...they...them ## +# saw him -the people who were under the control of the unclean spirits \ No newline at end of file +"saw Jesus" + +# they fell down ... cried out, and they said + +Here "they" refers to the unclean spirits. It is they who are causing the people they possess to do things. This can be made explicit. AT: "they caused the people they were possessing to fall down before him and to cry out to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they fell down before him + +The unclean spirits did not fall down before Jesus because they loved him or wanted to worship him. They fell down before him because they were afraid of him. + +# You are the Son of God + +Jesus has power over unclean spirits because he is the "Son of God." + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# He strictly ordered them + +"Jesus strictly ordered the unclean spirits" + +# not to make him known + +"not to reveal who he was" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/13.md b/mrk/03/13.md index 134a55e772..992e72fc6f 100644 --- a/mrk/03/13.md +++ b/mrk/03/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## so that they might be with him and he might send them to preach ## +# General Information: -"so that they would be with him and he would send them to preach" or "to be with him and for him to send them out to preach" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus chooses the men he wants to be his apostles. + +# so that they might be with him and he might send them to proclaim the message + +"so that they would be with him and he would send them to proclaim the message" + +# Simon, to whom he gave the name Peter + +The author begins to list the names of the twelve apostles. Simon is the first man listed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/17.md b/mrk/03/17.md index 6e36fcb7d8..d188ab4819 100644 --- a/mrk/03/17.md +++ b/mrk/03/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Thaddeus ## +# to whom he gave -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "to whom" refers to both James son of Zebedee and his brother John. + +# the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder + +Jesus called them this because they were like thunder. AT: "the name Boanerges, which means men who are like thunder" or "the name Boanerges, which means thunder men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Thaddaeus + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# who would betray him + +"who would betray Jesus" The word "who" refers to Judas Iscariot. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/20.md b/mrk/03/20.md index 81cfaa81ea..86fdfff554 100644 --- a/mrk/03/20.md +++ b/mrk/03/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## "the crowd gathered again so much so that they could not even eat" ## +# Then he went home -"again the crowd grew so large that they did not have time to eat" or "Again a crowd gathered where he was staying. Many people crowded around him. He and his disciples did not even have time to eat." (UDB) +"Then Jesus went to the house where he was staying." -## "they went out to seize him" ## +# they could not even eat bread -Members of his family went to the house so that they could take hold of him and force him to go home with them. \ No newline at end of file +The word "bread" represents food. AT: "Jesus and his disciples could not eat at all" or "they could not eat anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they went out to seize him + +Members of his family went to the house, so that they could take hold of him and force him to go home with them. + +# for they said + +Possible meanings for the word "they" are 1) his relatives or 2) some people in the crowd. + +# out of his mind + +Jesus' family uses this idiom to describe how they think he is acting. AT: "crazy" or "insane" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# By the ruler of the demons he drives out demons + +"By the power of Beelzebul who is the ruler of the demons, Jesus drives out demons" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/23.md b/mrk/03/23.md index cd9fc2085a..1ceedad9f9 100644 --- a/mrk/03/23.md +++ b/mrk/03/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## How can Satan cast out Satan? ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Satan would not cast himself out" or "Satan will not go against his own evil spirits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus explains with a parable why he is not controlled by Satan and that those who do the will of God are the same as being his brother, and sister, and mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# Jesus called them to him + +"Jesus called the people to come to him" + +# How can Satan cast out Satan? + +Jesus asked this rhetorical question in response to the scribes saying that he cast out demons by Beelzebul. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Satan cannot cast out himself!" or "Satan does not go against his own evil spirits!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# If a kingdom is divided against itself + +The word "kingdom" is a metonym for the people who live in the kingdom. AT: "If the people who live in a kingdom are divided against each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# cannot stand + +This phrase is a metaphor meaning that the people will no longer be united and they will fall. AT: "cannot endure" or "will fall"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# house + +This is a metonym for the people who live in a house. AT: "family" or "household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/26.md b/mrk/03/26.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8282898ef4 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/03/26.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# If Satan has risen up against himself and is divided + +The word "himself" is a reflexive pronoun that refers back to Satan, and it is also a metonym for his evil spirits. AT: "If Satan and his evil spirits were fighting one another" or "If Satan and his evil spirits have risen up against each other and are divided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# is not able to stand + +This is a metaphor meaning he will fall and cannot endure. AT: "will cease to be united" or "cannot endure and has come to an end" or "will fall and has come to an end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# plunder + +to steal a person's valuables and possessions \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/28.md b/mrk/03/28.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1c40ef32da --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/03/28.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Truly I say to you + +This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. + +# the sons of men + +"those who have been born of man." This expression is used to emphasize peoples' humanity. AT: "people" + +# utter + +"speak" + +# they were saying + +"the people were saying" + +# has an unclean spirit + +This is an idiom that means to be possessed by an unclean spirit. AT: "is possessed by an unclean spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/31.md b/mrk/03/31.md index cdd1f5f7fc..91c7fa213f 100644 --- a/mrk/03/31.md +++ b/mrk/03/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## They sent to him and they called for him. ## +# brothers -"Jesus' mother and younger brothers sent someone inside to tell him that they were outside and to have him come out to them." \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Jesus' siblings. + +# They sent for him, summoning him + +"They sent someone inside to tell him that they were outside and to have him come out to them" + +# are looking for you + +"are asking for you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/33.md b/mrk/03/33.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..80e79720cd --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/03/33.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# that person is my brother, and sister, and mother + +"those people are my brother, my sister, and my mother" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/03/intro.md b/mrk/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6d202b660b --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Mark 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sabbath ##### +It was against the law of Moses to do work on the Sabbath. The Pharisees believed healing a sick person on the Sabbath was "work" and they prohibited it. Because of his compassion, Jesus healed on the Sabbath and did not consider it to be "work." It is ironic that the Jewish leaders wanted to kill Jesus for saving people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +##### "Blasphemy against the Spirit" ##### + +There is a great deal of controversy regarding properly identifying this specific sin. However, it seems to involve insulting the Holy Spirit and his work. Since part of his work is to convince people that they are sinners and that they need God's forgiveness, anyone who rejected this truth would be unwilling to come in repentance to God. For this reason, they would not be forgiven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The twelve disciples ##### + +The following is the list of the twelve disciples: In Matthew: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot. + +In Mark: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee, and John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, + +In Luke: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James, the son of Alphaeus, Simon, who was called the Zealot, Judas, the son of James, and Judas Iscariot, + +It is probable that Thaddaeus and Jude, the son of James, are two names for the same person. + +##### Brothers and Sisters ##### +This chapter introduces the concept of "spiritual" brothers and sisters. Scripture often uses these terms to refer to the relationship between fellow Israelites. Here, those who follow Jesus are now referred to as brothers and sisters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/01.md b/mrk/04/01.md index ae15e15bdc..bff2156e24 100644 --- a/mrk/04/01.md +++ b/mrk/04/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## and pushed into the lake ## +# Connecting Statement: -"and pushed the boat into the lake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +As Jesus taught from a boat at the seaside, he told them the parable of the soils. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## he sat in it ## +# the sea -"he sat in the boat" \ No newline at end of file +This is the Sea of Galilee. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/03.md b/mrk/04/03.md index 1eff1ff59e..0591b69fe7 100644 --- a/mrk/04/03.md +++ b/mrk/04/03.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -Jesus starts telling a parable. \ No newline at end of file +# Listen + +"Pay attention" + +# As he sowed + +"As he threw the seeds over the soil." In different cultures people sow seeds differently. In this parable the seeds were sown by throwing the seeds over the land that was prepared for growing. + +# they sprang up + +"they began to grow quickly" + +# soil + +This refers to the loose dirt on the ground in which you can plant seeds. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/06.md b/mrk/04/06.md index 63a6f55353..2762161f87 100644 --- a/mrk/04/06.md +++ b/mrk/04/06.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues telling a parable. +# they were scorched -## they were scorched ## +This refers to the young plants. This may be stated in active form. AT: "it scorched the young plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"they were burned" \ No newline at end of file +# because they had no root, they dried up + +"because the young plants had no roots, they dried up" + +# choked them + +The word "them" refers to the young plants. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/08.md b/mrk/04/08.md index b8fd4d6ddd..2763e059be 100644 --- a/mrk/04/08.md +++ b/mrk/04/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Jesus continues telling a parable. +# some brought forth thirty times as much -## Whoever has ears to hear, let him hear ## +The amount of grain produced by each plant is being compared to the single seed from which it grew. AT: "Some plants bore thirty times as much as the seed that the man had planted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -"He who listens closely will understand the meaning" of this parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# thirty ... sixty ... a hundred + +"30 ... 60 ... 100." These may be written as numerals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# some sixty, and some a hundred + +Jesus continues to describe the amount of grain that was produced. Ellipsis is used here to shorten the phrases but they can be written out. AT: "some produced sixty times as much grain and some produced a hundred times as much grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Whoever has ears to hear + +This is a way of referring to everyone listening. AT: "Everyone who is listening to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let him hear + +Here the word "hear" means to pay attention. AT: "must pay careful attention to what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/10.md b/mrk/04/10.md index 9e3455651a..ad48319f2f 100644 --- a/mrk/04/10.md +++ b/mrk/04/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Jesus has just finished telling a parable. +# When Jesus was alone -## To you is given ## +This does not mean that Jesus was completely alone; rather, that the crowds were gone and Jesus was only with the twelve and some of his other close followers. -"God has given you" or "I have given you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# To you is given -## they look, but do not see ## +This can be stated in active form. "God has given you" or "I have given you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"they look and refuse to see" or "they look and do not understand" \ No newline at end of file +# to those outside + +"but to those who are not among you." This refers to all the other people who were not among the twelve or Jesus' other close followers. + +# everything is in parables + +It can be stated that Jesus gives the parables to the people. AT: "I have spoken everything in parables" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# when they look ... when they hear + +It is assumed that Jesus is speaking about the people looking at what he shows them and hearing what he tells them. AT: "when they look at what I am doing ... when they hear what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they look, but do not see + +Jesus speaks of people understanding what they see as actually seeing. AT: "they look and do not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# turn + +This refers to turning away from sin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/13.md b/mrk/04/13.md index 419d767102..b2dcb13a92 100644 --- a/mrk/04/13.md +++ b/mrk/04/13.md @@ -1,5 +1,31 @@ -Jesus explains the parable to his disciples. +# Connecting Statement: -## Do you not understand this parable? How then will you understand the rest of the parables? ## +Jesus explains the parable of the soils to his followers and then tells them about using a lamp to show that hidden things will become known. -"If you are unable to understand this parable, you will not be able to understand the rest of the parables." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Then he said to them + +"Then Jesus said to his disciples" + +# Do you not understand this parable? How then will you understand all the other parables? + +Jesus used these questions to show how sad he was that his disciples could not understand his parable. AT: "If you cannot understand this parable, think about how hard it will be for you to understand all the other parables." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The farmer who sows his seed is + +"The farmer who sows his seed represents" + +# the one who sows the word + +The "word" represents God's message. Sowing the message represents teaching it. AT: "the one who teaches people God's message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# These are the ones that fall beside the road + +"Some people are like the seeds that fall beside road" or "Some people are like the path where some of the seeds fell" + +# the road + +"the path" + +# when they hear it + +Here "it" refers to "the word" or "God's message." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/16.md b/mrk/04/16.md index 073a811999..a002083827 100644 --- a/mrk/04/16.md +++ b/mrk/04/16.md @@ -1 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues to explain the parable to his disciples. \ No newline at end of file +# These are the ones + +"And some people are like the seeds." Jesus begins to explain how some people are like the seeds that fell on the rocky soil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They have no root in themselves + +This is a comparison to the young plants that have very shallow roots. This metaphor means that the people were first excited when they received the word, but they were not strongly devoted to it. AT: "And they are like the young plants that have no roots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# no root + +This is an exaggeration to emphasize how shallow the roots were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# endure + +In this parable, "endure" means "believe." AT: "continue in their belief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because of the word + +It may be helpful to explain why tribulation comes. It came because people believed the word. AT: "because they believed the word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they stumble + +In this parable, "stumble" means "stop believing God's message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/18.md b/mrk/04/18.md index 0f2e03879d..41b2ec77e5 100644 --- a/mrk/04/18.md +++ b/mrk/04/18.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues to explain the parable to his disciples. +# The others are the ones that were sown among the thorns -## the cares of the world ## +Jesus begins to explain how some people are like the seeds that fell among the thorns. AT: "And other people are like the seeds that were sown among the thorns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "concerns about this present life" +# the cares of the world -## the deceitfulness of riches ## +"the worries in this life" or "the concerns about this present life" -AT: "pleasures from wealth that do not satisfy" +# the deceitfulness of riches -## the desires for other things ## +"the desires for riches" -"the desire for things other than riches" \ No newline at end of file +# enter in and choke the word + +As Jesus continues to talk about people who are like the seeds that fell among the thorns, he explains what the desires and worries do to the word in their lives. AT: "enter in and choke the word in their lives like thorns choke young plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it does not produce a crop + +"the word does not produce a crop in them" + +# those that were sown in the good soil + +Jesus begins to explain how some people are like the seeds that were sown in good soil. AT: "like the seeds that were sown in the good soil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# thirty, sixty, or a hundred times what was sown + +This refers to the grain that the plants produce. AT: "some produce thirty grains, some produce sixty grains, and some produce a hundred grains" or "some produce 30 times the grain that was sown, some produce 60 times the grain that was sown, and some produce 100 times the grain that was sown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/21.md b/mrk/04/21.md index 832da7e3de..53a1c1c47c 100644 --- a/mrk/04/21.md +++ b/mrk/04/21.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Jesus finished explaining the parable. He continues telling his disciples another parable. +# Jesus said to them -## "Do you bring a lamp inside the house to put it under a basket, or under the bed?" ## +"Jesus said to the crowd" -"You certainly do not bring a lamp inside the house to put it under a basket, or under a bed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Do you bring a lamp inside the house to put it under a basket, or under the bed? -## If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear. ## +This question may be written as a statement. AT: "You certainly do not bring a lamp inside the house to put it under a basket, or under a bed!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Translate this as you did in [Mark 4:8](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file +# For nothing is hidden that will not be known ... come out into the open + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "For everything that is hidden will be made known, and everything that is secret will come out into to open" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# nothing is hidden ... nothing is secret + +"there is nothing that is hidden ... there is nothing that is secret" Both of the phrases have the same meaning. Jesus is emphasizing that everything that is secret will be made known. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear + +See how you translated this in [Mark 4:9](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/24.md b/mrk/04/24.md index ee229c0b3e..42938fbf2c 100644 --- a/mrk/04/24.md +++ b/mrk/04/24.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Jesus continues telling his disciples another parable. +# He said to them -## for the measure you use, is the measure you will receive; and even more you will get ## +"Jesus said to the crowd" -"the better you listen, the more understanding God will give to you." +# for with the measure with which you measure -## whoever has ## +Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is talking about a literal measure and giving generously to others or 2) this is a metaphor in which Jesus speaks of "understanding" as if it were "measuring." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"whoever has understood my words." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# you will be measured, and it will be added to you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will measure you, and he will add it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to him will be given more ... from him will be taken away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to him God will give more ... from him God will take away" or "God will give more to him ... God will take away from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/26.md b/mrk/04/26.md index a8d646c36c..f5df5c4db9 100644 --- a/mrk/04/26.md +++ b/mrk/04/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -Jesus continues telling his disciples another parable. +# Connecting Statement: -## like a man who sows his seeds ## +Jesus then tells the people parables to explain the kingdom of God, which he later explained to his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -"like a farmer who is sowing his seeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# like a man who sows his seed -## sickle ## +Jesus likens the kingdom of God to a farmer who sows his seed. AT: "like a farmer who sows his seed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -a curved blade or a sharp hook used to cut grain \ No newline at end of file +# He sleeps at night and gets up by day + +"He rises in the morning and sleeps at night" + +# the blade + +the stalk or sprout + +# the ear + +the head on the stalk or the part of the plant that holds the fruit + +# he immediately sends out the sickle + +Here "the sickle" is a metonym that stands for the farmer or the people who the farmer sends out to harvest the grain. AT: "he immediately goes out with a sickle to harvest the grain" or "he immediately sends out people with sickles to harvest the grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sickle + +a curved blade or a sharp hook used to cut grain + +# because the harvest has come + +Here the phrase "has come" is an idiom for the grain being ripe for harvest. AT: "because the grain is ready to be harvested" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/30.md b/mrk/04/30.md index 43a2459c62..003c6fa0ae 100644 --- a/mrk/04/30.md +++ b/mrk/04/30.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Jesus continues telling his disciples another parable. +# To what can we compare the kingdom of God, or what parable can we use to explain it? -## "To what can we compare the kingdom of God and what parable can we use to explain it? ## +Jesus asked this question to cause his hearers to think about what the kingdom of God is. AT: "With this parable I can explain what the kingdom of God is like." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"With this parable I can explain what the Kingdom of God is like." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# when it is sown + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when someone sows it" or "when someone plants it" + +# it forms large branches + +The mustard tree is described as causing its branches to grow large. AT: "with large branches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/33.md b/mrk/04/33.md index ddbe95621e..39e8514d4f 100644 --- a/mrk/04/33.md +++ b/mrk/04/33.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## as much as they were able to hear ## +# he spoke the word to them -"as much as they could understand" \ No newline at end of file +The word "them" refers to the crowds. + +# as much as they were able to understand + +"and if they were able to understand some, he kept telling them more" + +# when he was alone + +This means that he was away from the crowds, but his disciples were still with him. + +# he explained everything + +Here "everything" is an exaggeration. He explained all his parables. AT: "he explained all his parables" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/35.md b/mrk/04/35.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6ec2750b25 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/04/35.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +As Jesus and his disciples take a boat to escape the crowds of people, a great storm arises. His disciples are afraid when they see that even the wind and the sea obey Jesus. + +# he said to them + +"Jesus said to his disciples" + +# the other side + +"the other side of the Sea of Galilee" or "the other side of the sea" + +# a violent windstorm arose + +Here "arose" is an idiom for "began." AT: "a violent windstorm began" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the boat was almost full of water + +It may be helpful to state that the boat was filling up with water. AT: "the boat was in danger of being filled with water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/38.md b/mrk/04/38.md index 751aa6365a..50a558d842 100644 --- a/mrk/04/38.md +++ b/mrk/04/38.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Jesus and his disciples were crossing the lake when a violent storm started. +# Jesus himself -## do you not care that we are about to die? ## +Here "himself" emphasizes that Jesus was alone in the stern. AT: "Jesus himself was alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -"you need to pay attention to this situation; we are all about to die!" - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# the stern -## we are about to die ## +This is at the very back of the boat. "the stern of the boat" -"We" includes the disciples and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +# They woke him up -## rebuked ## +The word "they" refers to the disciples. Compare a similar idea in the next verse, verse 39, "He got up." "He" refers to Jesus. -“sternly corrected” or “admonished” +# do you not care that we are about to die? -## Peace, be still. ## +The disciples asked this question to convey their fear. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "you need to pay attention to what is happening; we are all about to die!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"Peace" and "be still" are similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# we are about to die + +The word "we" includes the disciples and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# Peace! Be still! + +These two phrases are similar and used to emphasize what Jesus wanted the wind and the sea to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# a great calm + +"a great stillness over the sea" or "a great calm over the sea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/40.md b/mrk/04/40.md index 942c7d8dd3..23732db01b 100644 --- a/mrk/04/40.md +++ b/mrk/04/40.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Jesus and his disciples were crossing the lake when a violent storm started. +# Then he said to them -## Why are you afraid? ## +"And Jesus said to his disciples" -"I am disappointed that you are so afraid." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Why are you afraid? Do you still not have faith? -## Who then is this ## +Jesus asks these questions to make his disciples consider why they are afraid when he is with them. These questions can be written as statements. AT: "You should not be afraid. You need to have more faith." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"We need to think carefully about who this man really is!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Who then is this, because even the wind and the sea obey him? + +The disciples ask this question in amazement at what Jesus did. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "This man is not like ordinary men; even the wind and the sea obey him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/04/intro.md b/mrk/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4b9c458fb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Mark 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Format #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 4:12, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +4:3-10 forms one parable. The parable is explained in 4:14-23. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Parables ##### +There are many parables in this chapter. They are a way Jesus teaches about the kingdom of God. Jesus explains their meanings to the disciples, but not to the crowds. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Implicit knowledge ##### + +Implicit knowledge is needed in several parts of this chapter. The UDB can be quite effective in helping the reader to understand unknown words and figures of speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/01.md b/mrk/05/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1ef5930fba --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/05/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +After Jesus calms the great storm, he heals a man who has many demons, but the local people in Gerasa are not glad about his healing, and they beg Jesus to leave. + +# They came + +The word "They" refers to Jesus and his disciples. + +# the sea + +This refers to the Sea of Galilee. + +# Gerasenes + +This name refers to the people who live in Gerasa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# with an unclean spirit + +This is an idiom meaning that the man is "controlled" or "possessed" by the unclean spirit. AT: "controlled by an unclean spirit" or "that an unclean spirit possessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/03.md b/mrk/05/03.md index 74a09a03b7..017f4dd408 100644 --- a/mrk/05/03.md +++ b/mrk/05/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## shackles on his feet ## +# He had been bound many times -"iron chains on his feet" +This can be written in active form. AT: "People had bound him many times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## subdue him ## +# his shackles were shattered + +This can be written in active form. AT: "shattered his shackles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# shackles + +"bonds on his feet" or "metal bindings attached to his ankles to confine him" + +# chains + +"handcuffs" or "chains attached to his wrists to confine him" + +# No one had the strength to subdue him + +The man was so strong that no one could subdue him. AT: "He was so strong that no one was strong enough to subdue him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# subdue him "control him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/05.md b/mrk/05/05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..188799c9a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/05/05.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# cut himself with sharp stones + +Often times when a person is possessed by a demon, the demon will cause the person to do self-destructive things, such as cutting himself. + +# When he saw Jesus from a distance + +When the man first saw Jesus, Jesus would have been getting out of the boat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# bowed down + +This means that he knelt down before Jesus out of reverence and respect, not out of worship. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/07.md b/mrk/05/07.md index 550fda9c72..81944b62fd 100644 --- a/mrk/05/07.md +++ b/mrk/05/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## He cried out ## +# General Information: + +The UDB uses a verse bridge to combine these two verses in order to write the events in the order that they occurred. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# He cried out "The unclean spirit cried out" -## What do I have to do with you ## +# What do I have to do with you, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? -AT: "I have nothing to do with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The unclean spirit asks this question out of fear. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Leave me alone, Jesus, Son of the Most High God! There is no reason for you to interfere with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## do not torment me ## +# Jesus ... do not torment me -"do not torture me" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus has the power to torment unclean spirits. + +# Son of the Most High God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# I beg you by God himself + +Here the unclean spirit is swearing by God as he makes a request of Jesus. Consider how this type of request is made in your language. AT: "I beg you before God" or "I swear by God himself and beg you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/09.md b/mrk/05/09.md index 6d1d5768eb..4e2cf855d2 100644 --- a/mrk/05/09.md +++ b/mrk/05/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## He said to him, "My name is Army, for we are many." ## +# He asked him -The spirits inside of the man said to Jesus that there is not just one evil spirit in this man, but many evil spirits. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"And Jesus asked the unclean spirit" + +# He answered him, "My name is Legion, for we are many." + +One spirit was speaking for many here. He spoke of them as if they were a legion, a Roman army unit of about 6,000 soldiers. AT: "And the spirit said to him, 'Call us an army, for many of us are inside the man.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/11.md b/mrk/05/11.md index 12a5018e75..87d07411c6 100644 --- a/mrk/05/11.md +++ b/mrk/05/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## He permitted them ## +# they begged him -"Jesus allowed the unclean spirits" +"the unclean spirits begged Jesus" -## about two thousand pigs ## +# he allowed them -"about 2000 pigs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +It may be helpful to state clearly what Jesus allowed them to do. AT: "Jesus allowed the unclean spirits to do what they asked for" + +# they rushed + +"the pigs rushed" + +# into the sea, and about two thousand pigs drowned in the sea + +You can make this a separate sentence: "into the sea. There were about two thousand pigs, and they drowned in the sea" + +# about two thousand pigs + +"about 2,000 pigs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/14.md b/mrk/05/14.md index 4b9daaa9f4..ef2e16d09d 100644 --- a/mrk/05/14.md +++ b/mrk/05/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## in his right mind ## +# in the city and in the countryside -"of a normal mind" \ No newline at end of file +It can be stated clearly that the men gave their report to the people who were in the city and countryside. AT: "to people in the city and in the countryside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Legion + +This was the name of the many demons that were in the man. See how you translated this in [Mark 5:9](./09.md). + +# in his right mind + +This is an idiom meaning that he is thinking clearly. AT: "of a normal mind" or "thinking clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they were afraid + +The word "they" refers to the group of people who went out to see what had happened. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/16.md b/mrk/05/16.md index a6c48c7582..b06772e378 100644 --- a/mrk/05/16.md +++ b/mrk/05/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the man who was controlled by demons ## +# Those who had seen what happened -"the man that the demons controlled" \ No newline at end of file +"The people who had witnessed what had happened" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/18.md b/mrk/05/18.md index ecbe4de33e..8e8b585fc2 100644 --- a/mrk/05/18.md +++ b/mrk/05/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Decapolis ## +# the demon-possessed man -A region to the southeast of the Sea of Galilea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Though the man is no longer demon-possessed, he is still described in this way. AT: "the man who had been demon-possessed" + +# But Jesus did not permit him + +What Jesus did not allow the man to do can be stated clearly. AT: "But he did not allow the man to come with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Decapolis + +This is the name of a region that means Ten Cities. It is located to the southeast of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# everyone was amazed + +It may be helpful to state why the people were amazed. AT: "all the people who heard what the man said were amazed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/21.md b/mrk/05/21.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0b5b101e30 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/05/21.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +After healing the demon-possessed man in region of the Gerasenes, Jesus and his disciples return across the lake to Capernaum where the one of the rulers of the synagogue asks Jesus to heal his daughter. + +# the other side + +It may be helpful to add information to this phrase. AT: "the other side of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# beside the sea + +"on the seashore" or "on the shore" + +# the sea + +This is the Sea of Galilee. + +# Jairus + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# So he went with him + +"So Jesus went with Jairus." Jesus' disciples also went with him. AT: "So Jesus and the disciples went with Jairus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lay your hands + +"Laying on hands" refers to a prophet or teacher placing his hand on someone and imparting either healing or a blessing. In this case, Jarius is asking Jesus to heal his daughter. + +# that she may be made well and live + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and heal her and make her live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# pressed close around him + +This means they crowded around Jesus and pressed themselves together to be closer to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/25.md b/mrk/05/25.md index 87be459013..b0ac2b4101 100644 --- a/mrk/05/25.md +++ b/mrk/05/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## for twelve years ## +# Connecting Statement: -"for 12 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +While Jesus is on his way to heal the man's little 12-year-old girl, a woman who has been sick for 12 years interrupts by touching Jesus for her healing. + +# Now a woman was there + +"Now" indicates that this woman is being introduced to the story. Consider how new people are introduced into a story in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# who had a flow of blood for twelve years + +The woman did not have an open wound; rather, her monthly flow of blood would not stop. Your language may have a polite way to refer to this condition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# for twelve years + +"for 12 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# she grew worse + +"her sickness got worse" or "her bleeding increased" + +# the reports about Jesus + +She had heard reports about Jesus of how he healed people. AT: "that Jesus healed people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# cloak + +outer garment or coat \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/28.md b/mrk/05/28.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a183cd920f --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/05/28.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# I will be healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will heal me" or "his power will heal me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# she was healed from her affliction + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sickness had left her" or "she was no longer sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/30.md b/mrk/05/30.md index fc57df7b33..49b20aab90 100644 --- a/mrk/05/30.md +++ b/mrk/05/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## and you say, 'Who touched me?' ## +# that power had gone out from him -AT: "we are surprised to hear you say that someone has touched you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +When the woman touched Jesus, Jesus felt his power healing her. Jesus himself did not lose any of his power to heal people when he healed her. AT: "that his healing power had healed the woman" + +# this crowd pressed around you + +This means they crowded around Jesus and pressed themselves together to be closer to Jesus. See how you translated this in [Mark 5:24](./21.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/33.md b/mrk/05/33.md index f7e2636b6f..3c2c935f69 100644 --- a/mrk/05/33.md +++ b/mrk/05/33.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Daughter ## +# fell down before him -Jesus was using this term figuratively to refer to the woman as a believer. \ No newline at end of file +"knelt down before him." She knelt down before Jesus as an act of honor and submission. + +# told him the whole truth + +The phrase "the whole truth" refers to how she had touched him and became well. AT: "told him the whole truth about how she had touched him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Daughter + +Jesus was using this term figuratively to refer to the woman as a believer. + +# your faith + +"your faith in me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/35.md b/mrk/05/35.md index b0c0a5d42b..5b08d7669b 100644 --- a/mrk/05/35.md +++ b/mrk/05/35.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## Why trouble the teacher any more? ## +# While he was speaking -AT: "We should not bother the teacher any more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"While Jesus was speaking" + +# some people came from the leader of the synagogue + +Possible meanings are 1) these people had come from Jarius' house or 2) Jairus had previously given these people orders to go see Jesus or 3) these people had been sent by the man who was presiding as the synagogue leader in Jairus' absence. + +# the leader of the synagogue + +The "leader of the synagogue" is Jairus. + +# saying + +"saying to Jairus" + +# Why trouble the teacher any longer? + +This question can be written as a statement. AT: "It is useless to bother the teacher any longer." or "There no need to bother the teacher any longer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the teacher + +This refers to Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/36.md b/mrk/05/36.md index a629a36ab3..a8918838a2 100644 --- a/mrk/05/36.md +++ b/mrk/05/36.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## who wept and who wailed ## +# General Information: -The words "wept" and "wailed" share similar meanings. AT: "who cried aloud as they wept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The UDB uses a verse bridge to combine verses 37 and 38. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# Just believe + +If necessary, you can state what Jesus is commanding Jairus to believe. AT: "Just believe I can make you daughter live" + +# He did not ... he saw + +In these verses the word "he" refers to Jesus. + +# to accompany him + +"to come with him." It may be helpful to state where they were going. AT: "to accompany him to Jairus' house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/39.md b/mrk/05/39.md index ac5c911c15..aaf92710b9 100644 --- a/mrk/05/39.md +++ b/mrk/05/39.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Why are you upset and why do you weep? ## +# he said to them -AT: "You should not be upset and crying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Jesus said to the people who were weeping" + +# Why are you upset and why do you weep? + +Jesus asked this question to help them see their lack of faith. This may be written as a statement. AT: "This is not a time to be upset and crying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# put them all outside + +"sent all the other people outside the house" + +# those who were with him + +This refers to Peter, James, and John. + +# went in where the child was + +It may be helpful to state where the child is. AT: "went into the room where the child was lying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/41.md b/mrk/05/41.md index 05f0e7ef5b..79587de570 100644 --- a/mrk/05/41.md +++ b/mrk/05/41.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## she was twelve years of age ## +# Talitha, koum + +This is an Aramaic sentence, which Jesus spoke to the little girl in her language. Write these words as is with your alphabet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# she was twelve years of age "she was 12 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## He strictly ordered them ## +# He strictly ordered them that no one should know about this -"He strongly told them" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated as a direct quote. AT: "He ordered them strictly, 'No one should know about this!'" or "He ordered them strictly, 'Do not tell anyone about what I have done!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# He strictly ordered them + +"He strongly commanded them" + +# Then he told them to give her something to eat + +This can be stated as a direct quote. AT: "And he told them, 'Give her something to eat.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/05/intro.md b/mrk/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..373b4f39df --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Mark 05 General Notes # + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Past Events ##### +Parts of this chapter are a sequence of events that have already happened. In a given passage, Mark sometimes writes as if the events have already occurred while other events are still in progress (even though they are complete at the time he writes). This can cause difficulty in translation by creating an illogical order of events. It may be necessary to make these consistent by writing as if all the events have already happened. + +##### "Talitha koum" ##### +This is a phrase in Aramaic. Mark does not "translate" this phrase into Greek but chooses to "transliterate" or transfer it into Greek by substituting Greek letters for Aramaic letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this phrase either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this phrase without translating its meaning. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/01.md b/mrk/06/01.md index 6bcd57110e..79e776afce 100644 --- a/mrk/06/01.md +++ b/mrk/06/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary, and the brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon? Are his sisters not here with us? ## +# Connecting Statement: -"He is just an ordinary carpenter! We know him and his family! We know Mary his mother! We know his younger brothers James, Joses, Judas and Simon! And his younger sisters also live here with us!" (UDB) This is a rhetorical question raising doubt as to why Jesus would be able to do all these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus returns to his hometown where he is not accepted. + +# his hometown + +This refers to the town of Nazareth where Jesus grew up and where his family lives. This does not mean that he owns land there. + +# What is this wisdom that has been given to him? + +This question, which contains passive construction, can be asked in active form. AT: "What is this wisdom that he has gained?" + +# that he does with his hands + +This phrase emphasizes that Jesus himself does the miracles. AT: "that he himself works" + +# Is this not the carpenter, the son of Mary and the brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon? Are his sisters not here with us? + +These questions can be written as a statement. AT: "He is just an ordinary carpenter! We know him and his family. We know Mary his mother. We know his younger brothers James, Joses, Judas and Simon. And his younger sisters also live here with us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/04.md b/mrk/06/04.md index 2ac59d5e5c..dc0e2b38fa 100644 --- a/mrk/06/04.md +++ b/mrk/06/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## A prophet is not without honor except ## +# to them -"It is certainly true that people honor me and other prophets in other places, but not in our hometowns! Even our relatives and the people who live in our own houses do not honor us!"(UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +"to the crowd" + +# A prophet is not without honor, except + +This sentence uses a double negative to create emphasis of the positive equivalent. AT: "A prophet is always honored, except" or "The only place a prophet is not honored is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# to lay his hands on a few sick people + +"Laying on hands" refers to a prophet or teacher placing his hands on someone and imparting either healing or a blessing. In this case, Jesus is healing people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/07.md b/mrk/06/07.md index a105843454..6a9db2d4f2 100644 --- a/mrk/06/07.md +++ b/mrk/06/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## two by two ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus sends his disciples out in sets of two to preach and to heal. + +# General Information: + +The UDB uses a verse bridge to combine verses 8 and 9 in order to make Jesus' instructions clearer to read. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# he called the twelve + +Here the word "called" means that he summoned the twelve to come to him. + +# two by two "2 by 2" or "in pairs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## not to wear two tunics. ## +# no bread -"not to take an extra shirt." \ No newline at end of file +Here "bread" is a synecdoche for food in general. AT: "no food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# no money in their belts + +In that culture, men carried their money tucked into their belt. AT: "no money in their moneybag" or "no money" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/10.md b/mrk/06/10.md index 32bd53be0e..24b4e1db2f 100644 --- a/mrk/06/10.md +++ b/mrk/06/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## stay there until you leave ## +# He said to them -"stay in that house until you leave that town" \ No newline at end of file +"Jesus said to the twelve" + +# remain until you go away from there + +Here "remain" represents daily going back to that house to eat and sleep there. AT: "eat and sleep in that house until you leave that place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as a testimony to them + +"as a testimony against them." It may be helpful to explain how this action was a testimony to them. "as a testimony to them. By doing that, you will be testifying that they did not welcome you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/12.md b/mrk/06/12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..44c5a0b410 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/06/12.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# They went out + +The word "They" refers to the twelve and does not include Jesus. Also, it may be helpful to state that they went out to various towns. AT: "They went out to various towns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# turn away from their sins + +"repent of their sins" + +# They cast out many demons + +It may be helpful to state that they cast the demons out of people. AT: "They cast many demons out of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/14.md b/mrk/06/14.md index 36b779f0da..d1c5deac5e 100644 --- a/mrk/06/14.md +++ b/mrk/06/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## John the Baptist had been raised ## +# Connecting Statement: -"God raised John the Baptist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +When Herod hears about Jesus' miracles, he worries, thinking that someone has raised John the Baptist from the dead. (Herod had caused John the Baptist to be killed.) + +# King Herod heard this + +The word "this" refers to everything that Jesus and his disciples had been doing in various towns, including casting out demons and healing people. + +# Some were saying, "John the Baptist had been + +Some people were saying that Jesus was John the Baptist. This can be stated more clearly. AT: "Some were saying, 'He is John the Baptist who had been" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# John the Baptist had been raised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God raised John the Baptist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Some others said, "He is Elijah." + +It may be helpful to state why some people thought he was Elijah. AT: "Some others said, 'He is Elijah, whom God promised to send back again.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/16.md b/mrk/06/16.md index 893b14b7bd..2aa7919812 100644 --- a/mrk/06/16.md +++ b/mrk/06/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## his brother Philip's wife ## +# General Information: -"The wife of his brother Philip" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +In verse 17 the author begins to give background information about Herod and why he beheaded John the Baptist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## set herself against ## +# whom I beheaded -"held it against" \ No newline at end of file +Here Herod uses the word "I" to refer to himself. The word "I" is a metonym for Herod's soldiers. AT: "whom I commanded my soldiers to behead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has been raised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "has become alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Herod sent to have John arrested and he had him bound in prison + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Herod sent his soldiers to arrest John and had them bind him in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sent to have + +"ordered to have" + +# on account of Herodias + +"because of Herodias" + +# his brother Philip's wife + +"the wife of his brother Philip." Herod's brother Philip is not the same Philip who was an evangelist in the book of Acts or the Philip who was one of Jesus' twelve disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# because he had married her + +"because Herod had married her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/18.md b/mrk/06/18.md index 9c8db108cf..b540da70aa 100644 --- a/mrk/06/18.md +++ b/mrk/06/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## set herself against ## +# wanted to kill him, but she could not -"held it against" +Herodias is the subject of this phrase and "she" is a metonym as she wants someone else to execute John. AT: "she wanted someone to kill him, but she could not have him killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he was much perplexed ## +# for Herod feared John; he knew -"he was confused" \ No newline at end of file +These two clauses can be linked differently to show more clearly why Herod feared John. AT: "for Herod feared John because he knew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# he knew that he was a righteous + +"Herod knew that John was a righteous" + +# Listening to him + +"Listening to John" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/21.md b/mrk/06/21.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1613caeaa4 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/06/21.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +The author continues to give background information about Herod and the beheading of John the Baptist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# he made a dinner for his officials ... of Galilee + +Here the word "he" refers to Herod and is a metonym for his servant whom he would have commanded to prepare a meal. AT: "he had a dinner made for his officials ... of Galilee" or "he invited his officials ... of Galilee to eat and celebrate with him" + +# a dinner + +a formal meal or banquet + +# Herodias herself + +The word "herself" is a reflexive pronoun used to emphasize that it was significant that it was Herodias' own daughter who danced at the dinner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# came in + +"came into the room" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/23.md b/mrk/06/23.md index 3011215662..232f42658f 100644 --- a/mrk/06/23.md +++ b/mrk/06/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## upon a platter ## +# Whatever you ask ... my kingdom -"on a tray" \ No newline at end of file +"I will give you up to half of what I own and rule, if you ask for it" + +# went out + +"went out of the room" + +# on a wooden platter + +"on a board" or "on a large wooden dish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/26.md b/mrk/06/26.md index 77833e93aa..41aeeb7e81 100644 --- a/mrk/06/26.md +++ b/mrk/06/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## because of his oaths, and for his guests, ## +# because of the oath he had made and because of his dinner guests -"because his guests had heard him make the promise," +The content of the oath, and the relationship between the oath and the dinner guests can be stated clearly. AT: "because his dinner guests had heard him make the oath that he would give her anything she asked for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## on a platter ## +# on a platter -"on a tray" \ No newline at end of file +"on a tray" + +# When his disciples + +"And John's disciples" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/30.md b/mrk/06/30.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..92faec1e4a --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/06/30.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +After the disciples return from preaching and healing, they go somewhere to be alone, but there are many people who come to hear Jesus teach. When it becomes late, he feeds the people and then sends everyone away while he prays alone. + +# a deserted place + +a place where there are no people + +# many were coming and going + +This means that people were continually coming to the apostles and then going away from them. + +# they did not even + +The word "they" refers to the apostles. + +# So they went away + +Here the word "they" includes both the apostles and Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/33.md b/mrk/06/33.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0008f309eb --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/06/33.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# they saw them leaving + +"the people saw Jesus and the apostles leaving" + +# on foot + +The people are going on foot by land, which contrasts with how the disciples went by boat. + +# he saw a great crowd + +"Jesus saw a great crowd" + +# they were like sheep without a shepherd + +Jesus compares the people to sheep who are confused when they do not have their shepherd to lead them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/35.md b/mrk/06/35.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..673b61acd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/06/35.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# When the hour was late + +This means it was late in the day. AT: "When it was getting late" or "Late in the afternoon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a deserted place + +This refers to a place where there are no people. See how you translated this in [Mark 6:31](./30.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/37.md b/mrk/06/37.md index 62b8bc0917..06e04d7c9d 100644 --- a/mrk/06/37.md +++ b/mrk/06/37.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Five loaves and two fish. ## +# But he answered and said to them -"5 loaves and 2 fish." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]). \ No newline at end of file +"But Jesus answered and said to his disciples" + +# Can we go and buy two hundred denarii worth of bread and give it to them to eat? + +The disciples ask this question to say that there is no way they could afford to buy enough food for this crowd. AT: "We could not buy enough bread to feed this crowd, even if we had two hundred denarii!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# two hundred denarii + +"200 denarii." A denarius is a Roman silver coin worth one day's wages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# loaves + +"loaves of bread." A loaf of bread is a lump of dough that is shaped and baked. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/39.md b/mrk/06/39.md index 871da0d943..400d2741b3 100644 --- a/mrk/06/39.md +++ b/mrk/06/39.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## hundreds and fifties ## +# green grass -" around 100 and around 50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Describe the grass with the color word used in your language for healthy grass, which may or may not be the color green. -## five loaves and the two fishes ## +# groups of hundreds and fifties -"5 loaves and the 2 fishes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This refers to the number of people in each of the groups. AT: "about fifty people in some groups and about a hundred people in other groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## two fish ## +# looking up to heaven -"2 fish" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that he looked up toward the sky, which is associated with the place where God lives. + +# he blessed + +"he spoke a blessing" or "he gave thanks" + +# He also divided the two fish among them all + +"he divided the two fish so that everyone could have some" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/42.md b/mrk/06/42.md index aa89aabc68..ab38262da4 100644 --- a/mrk/06/42.md +++ b/mrk/06/42.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## twelve baskets ## +# They took up + +Possible meaning are 1) "The disciples took up" or 2) "The people took up." + +# broken pieces of bread, twelve baskets full + +"twelve baskets full of broken pieces of bread" + +# twelve baskets "12 baskets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## five thousand men ## +# five thousand men -AT: "5,000 men and their families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"5,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# There were five thousand men who ate the loaves + +The number of women and children was not counted. If it would not be understood that women and children were present, it can be made explicit. AT: "And there were five thousand men who ate the loaves. They did not even count the women and children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/45.md b/mrk/06/45.md index 7647bbd79f..74cb8c7de6 100644 --- a/mrk/06/45.md +++ b/mrk/06/45.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Bethsaida ## +# to the other side -A town on the northern shores of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the Sea of Galilee. This can be stated clearly. AT: "to the other side of the Sea of Galilee" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Bethsaida + +This is a town on the northern shores of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# When they were gone + +"When the people had left" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/48.md b/mrk/06/48.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8421f17bea --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/06/48.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +A storm arises while the disciples are trying to cross the lake. Seeing Jesus walking on the water terrifies them. They do not understand how Jesus can calm the storm. + +# fourth watch + +This is the time between 3 a.m. and sunrise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# a ghost + +the spirit of a dead person or some other kind of spirit + +# Be courageous! ... Do not be afraid! + +These two sentences are similar in meaning, emphasizing to his disciples that they did not need to be afraid. They can be combined into one if necessary. AT: "Do not fear me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/51.md b/mrk/06/51.md index bca2c72c5b..ca979a48ee 100644 --- a/mrk/06/51.md +++ b/mrk/06/51.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## their minds were slow to understand ## +# They were completely amazed -"they did not understand how powerful he was, as they should have." \ No newline at end of file +If you need to be more specific, it can stated what they were amazed by. AT: "They were completely amazed at what he had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# what the loaves meant + +The phrase "the loaves" refers to when Jesus had multiplied the loaves of bread. This can be stated more clearly. AT: "what it meant when he had multiplied the loaves of bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# their hearts were hardened + +Having a heart heart represents being too stubborn to understand. AT: "they were too stubborn to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/53.md b/mrk/06/53.md index 444b6078c1..2a781f8764 100644 --- a/mrk/06/53.md +++ b/mrk/06/53.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## stretchers ## +# Connecting Statement: -"mats to carry people on" \ No newline at end of file +When Jesus and his disciples arrive at Gennesaret in their boat, people see him and bring people for him to heal. This happens wherever they go. + +# Gennesaret + +This is the name of the region to the northwest of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they ran throughout the whole region + +It may be helpful to state why they ran through the region. AT: "they ran throughout the whole district in order to tell others that Jesus was there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they ran ... they heard + +The word "they" refers to the people who recognized Jesus, not to the disciples. + +# the sick + +This phrase refers to people. AT: "the sick people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/56.md b/mrk/06/56.md index 6e836ce7de..cbef2019da 100644 --- a/mrk/06/56.md +++ b/mrk/06/56.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## the fringe of his garment ## +# Wherever he entered -"the hem of his garment" or "the hem of his robe" \ No newline at end of file +"Wherever Jesus entered" + +# they would put + +Here "they" refers to the people. It does not refer to Jesus' disciples. + +# the sick + +This phrase refers to people. AT: "the sick people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# They begged him + +Possible meanings are 1) "The sick begged him" or 2) "The people begged him." + +# let them touch + +The word "them" refers to the sick. + +# the edge of his garment + +"the hem of his robe" or "the edge of his clothes" + +# as many as + +"all those who" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/06/intro.md b/mrk/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..06d9086b8a --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Mark 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Anointed with oil" ##### +In the ancient Near East, anointing or smearing with oil was done for people who were sick. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Mark uses many rhetorical questions in this chapter to show that people did not understand who Jesus was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Past Events ##### +Parts of this chapter are a sequence of events that have already happened. In a given passage, Mark sometimes writes as if the events have already occurred while other events are still in progress (even though they are complete at the time he writes). This can cause difficulty in translation by creating an illogical order of events. It may be necessary to make these consistent by writing as if all the events have already happened. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/01.md b/mrk/07/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6c37a57488 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/07/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus rebukes the Pharisees and scribes. + +# gathered around him + +"gathered around Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/02.md b/mrk/07/02.md index e45bf5a045..80ad1a523c 100644 --- a/mrk/07/02.md +++ b/mrk/07/02.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## copper vessels, and even the dining couches ## +# General Information: -When eating, the Jews at this time would recline on couches. AT: "containers, and even the seats for dining" \ No newline at end of file +Verses 3 and 4 give background information about the Pharisees' washing traditions. The UDB uses a verse bridge to rearrange the information in verses 3 and 4 to make it easier to understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# They saw + +"The Pharisees and the scribes saw" + +# that is, unwashed + +"that is, their hands were not washed" or "that is, they had not washed their hands" + +# elders + +Jewish elders were leaders in their communities and were also judges for the people. + +# copper vessels + +"copper kettles" or "metal containers" + +# the couches upon which they eat + +"benches" or "beds." At that time, the Jews would recline when eating. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/05.md b/mrk/07/05.md index 8812b1d07d..bd44d2bfc1 100644 --- a/mrk/07/05.md +++ b/mrk/07/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Why do your disciples not live according to the tradition of the elders, for they eat their bread with unwashed hands? ## +# Why do your disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders, for they eat their bread with unwashed hands? -"Your disciples disobey the traditions of our elders! They should wash their hands using our rituals!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The Pharisees and scribes asked this question to challenge Jesus' authority. This can be written as two statements. AT: "Your disciples disobey the traditions of our elders! They should wash their hands using our rituals." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## bread ## +# bread -food \ No newline at end of file +This is a synecdoche, representing food in general. AT: "food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/06.md b/mrk/07/06.md index f83676ee32..3a3446512a 100644 --- a/mrk/07/06.md +++ b/mrk/07/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## "Isaiah prophesied well about you hypocrites, he wrote," ## +# General Information: -The words are from Isaiah [Isaiah 29:13](../../isa/29/13.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here Jesus quotes the prophet Isaiah, who had written scripture many years before. + +# with their lips + +Here "lips" is a metonym for speaking. AT: "by what they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but their heart is far from me + +Here "heart" refers to a person's thoughts or emotions. This is a way of saying the people are not truly devoted to God. AT: "but they do not really love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Empty worship they offer me + +"They offer me useless worship" or "They worship me in vain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/08.md b/mrk/07/08.md index 9fcb133251..a29a96d1fd 100644 --- a/mrk/07/08.md +++ b/mrk/07/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## fast ## +# Connecting Statement: -strongly +Jesus continues to rebuke the scribes and Pharisees. -## who speaks evil of ## +# abandon -"who curses" \ No newline at end of file +"refuse to follow" + +# hold fast to + +"hold strongly to" or "only keep" + +# How well you reject the commandment ... keep your tradition + +Jesus uses this ironic statement to rebuke his listeners for forsaking God's commandment. AT: "You think you have done well in how you have rejected the commandment of God so you may keep your own traditions, but what you have done is not good at all!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# How well you reject + +"How skillfully you reject" + +# who speaks evil of + +"who curses" + +# will surely die + +"must be put to death" + +# He who speaks evil of his father or mother will surely die + +This may be stated in active form. AT: "The authorities must execute a person who speaks evil about his father or mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/11.md b/mrk/07/11.md index 2ddf34e0b5..a86f771577 100644 --- a/mrk/07/11.md +++ b/mrk/07/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## Whatever help you would have received from me is Corban ## +# General Information: + +The UDB uses a verse bridge to combine verses 11 and 12 in order to more clearly explain what Jesus is saying to the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# Whatever help you would have received from me is Corban The tradition of the scribes said that once money or other things were promised to the temple, they could not be used for any other purpose. -## Corban ## +# Corban -The author wants the reader to know how the word sounds, so write this using your language's alphabet as a word that sounds as close to this as you can. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the author refers to something by a Hebrew word. This word should be copied as is into your language using your alphabet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# Given to God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have given it to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# then you no longer permit him to do anything for his father or his mother + +By doing this, the Pharisees are allowing people to not provide for their parents, if they promise to give to God what they would have given to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# void + +canceled or done away with + +# many similar things you do + +"you are doing may other things similar to this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/14.md b/mrk/07/14.md index 2d9a1cd42f..31b4020f70 100644 --- a/mrk/07/14.md +++ b/mrk/07/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## "Listen to me, all of you, and understand ## +# Connecting Statement: -The words "Listen" and "understand" are related. Jesus uses them together to emphasize that his hearers should pay close attention to what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Jesus tells a parable to the crowd to help them understand what he has been saying to the scribes and Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -## It is what comes out of the person ## +# He called -"It is the person's inner being" or "It is what a person thinks, says, or does" +"Jesus called" -## v16: Many ancient authorities insert this text: If any man has ears to hear, let him hear. ## +# Listen to me, all of you, and understand -This phrase has Jesus adding his doctrinal authority and an emphasis of urgency for every faithful follower to observe what he just taught. \ No newline at end of file +The words "Listen" and "understand" are related. Jesus uses them together to emphasize that his hearers should pay close attention to what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# understand + +It may be helpful to state what Jesus is telling them to understand. AT: "try to understand what I am about to tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# nothing from outside of a person + +Jesus is speaking about what a person eats. This is in contrast to "what come out of the person." AT: "nothing from outside a person that he can eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It is what comes out of the person + +This refers to the things a person does or says. This is in contrast to "what is outside a person that enters into him." AT: "It is what comes out of a person that he says or does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/17.md b/mrk/07/17.md index 73d9a15dd5..1a3c367fde 100644 --- a/mrk/07/17.md +++ b/mrk/07/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## Are you still without understanding? ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "After all I have said and done, I would expect you to understand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The disciples still do not understand what Jesus has just said to the scribes, Pharisees, and crowds. Jesus explains his meaning more thoroughly to them. + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Jesus is now away from the crowd, in a house with his disciples. + +# Are you also still without understanding? + +Jesus uses this question to express his disappointment that they do not understand. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "After all I have said and done, I would expect you to understand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do you not see that whatever enters ... latrine? + +Jesus uses this question to teach his disciples something they should already know. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "Whatever enters ... latrine." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# because it + +Here "it" refers to what goes into a person; that is, what a person eats. + +# Jesus made + +"Jesus declared" + +# all foods clean + +It may be helpful to explain clearly what this phrase means. AT: "all foods clean, meaning that people can eat any food without God considering the eater defiled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/20.md b/mrk/07/20.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a5eaa6896c --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/07/20.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# He said + +"Jesus said" + +# It is that which comes out of + +It may be helpful to state clearly what "it" refers to. AT: "It is the thoughts and actions that come out of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sensuality + +not controlling one's lustful desires + +# come from within + +Here the word "within" describes a person's heart. AT: "come from within a person's heart" or "come from within a person's thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/24.md b/mrk/07/24.md index 644ab1c405..7e6c2876fb 100644 --- a/mrk/07/24.md +++ b/mrk/07/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## fell down ## +# Connecting Statement: -"knelt" +When Jesus goes away to Tyre, he heals the daughter of a Gentile woman with extraordinary faith. -## Syrophoenician by race ## +# had an unclean spirit -She was born in the city of Phoenicia in Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom meaning that she was possessed by the unclean spirit. AT: "was possessed by an unclean spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# fell down + +"knelt." This is an act of honor and submission. + +# Now the woman was a Greek, a Syrophoenician by descent + +The word "Now" marks a break in the main storyline, as this sentence gives us background information about the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Syrophoenician + +This is the name of the woman's nationality. She was born in the Phoenician region in Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/27.md b/mrk/07/27.md index b2270a0daf..178eb003a2 100644 --- a/mrk/07/27.md +++ b/mrk/07/27.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## Let the children first be fed ## +# Let the children first be fed. For it is not right ... throw it to the dogs -"The children must eat first" or "I must feed the children first." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here Jesus speaks about the Jews as if they are children and the Gentiles as if they are dogs. AT: "Let the children of Israel first be fed. For it is not right to take the children's bread and throw it to the Gentiles, who are like dogs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## children ## +# Let the children first be fed -the Jews. AT: "I must serve the Jews first." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We must first feed the children of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## bread ## +# bread -food +This refers to food in general. AT: "food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## dogs ## +# dogs -the Gentiles. - -## even the dogs under the table eat the children's crumbs ## - -"you can serve me, a gentile, in this small way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## crumbs ## - -very small pieces of bread \ No newline at end of file +This refers to small dogs kept as pets. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/29.md b/mrk/07/29.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1aebdabc00 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/07/29.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# you are free to go + +"you may go now" or "go home" + +# The demon has gone out of your daughter + +Jesus has caused the unclean spirit to leave the woman's daughter. This can be expressed clearly. AT: "I have caused the evil spirit to leave your daughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/31.md b/mrk/07/31.md index 9c95dffa20..66ba72da5b 100644 --- a/mrk/07/31.md +++ b/mrk/07/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## came through ## +# Connecting Statement: -"traveled through" +After healing people in Tyre, Jesus goes to the Sea of Galilee. There he heals a deaf man, which amazes the people. -## Decapolis ## +# went out again -“the Ten Towns” (see UDB), a region to the southeast of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"returned from" -## who was deaf ## +# up into the region + +Possible meanings are 1) "in the region" as Jesus is at the sea in the region of the Decapolis or 2) "through the region" as Jesus went through the region of the Decapolis to get to the sea. + +# Decapolis + +This is the name of a region that means Ten Cities. It is located to the southeast of the Sea of Galilee. See how you translated this in [Mark 5:20](../05/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They brought + +"And people brought" + +# who was deaf "who was not able to hear" -## had a speech impediment ## +# to lay his hand -"could not speak clearly" \ No newline at end of file +The "laying on of hands" refers to a prophet or teacher placing his hand on someone and imparting either healing or a blessing. In this case, the people are begging Jesus to heal a man. AT: "to put his hand on him to heal him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/33.md b/mrk/07/33.md index 89765d94f7..b62c825f39 100644 --- a/mrk/07/33.md +++ b/mrk/07/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,43 @@ -## Ephphatha ## +# He took him -The author wants the reader to know how the word sounds, so write this using your language's alphabet as a word that sounds as close to "effatha" as you can. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +"Jesus took the man" -## sighed ## +# he put his fingers into his ears -took in and let out a long breath to show he was not happy +Jesus is putting his own fingers in the man's ears. -## what had hold of his tongue was released ## +# after spitting, he touched his tongue -"Jesus released what had hold of his tongue" or "Jesus healed what had caused him not to speak clearly" \ No newline at end of file +Jesus spits and then touches the man's tongue. + +# after spitting + +It may be helpful to state that Jesus spit on his fingers. AT: "after spitting on his fingers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# looked up to heaven + +This means that he looked up toward the sky, which is associated with the place where God lives. + +# Ephphatha + +Here the author refers to something by an Aramaic word. This word should be copied as is into your language using your alphabet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# sighed + +to take in and then let out a long breath + +# said to him + +"said to the man" + +# his hearing was opened + +This means he was able to hear. AT: "his ears were opened and he was able to hear" or "he was able to hear" + +# what prevented his tongue was destroyed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus took away what prevented his tongue from speaking" or "Jesus loosened his tongue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what prevented his tongue + +"what prevented him from being able to speak" or "his speech impediment" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/36.md b/mrk/07/36.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3ee351cfae --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/07/36.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# the more he ordered them + +The refers to him ordering them not to tell anyone about what he had done. AT: "the more he ordered them not to tell anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the more abundantly + +"the more widely" or "the more" + +# extremely + +"utterly" or "exceedingly" or "beyond all measure" + +# the deaf ... the mute + +These refer to people. AT: "deaf people ... mute people" or "people who cannot hear ... people who cannot speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/07/intro.md b/mrk/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..13a968b2a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Mark 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Format #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 7:6-7, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Hand washing ##### +This was a practice done by the Pharisees, but it was not an obligation according to the law of Moses. The Pharisees had many rituals involving washing in an attempt to make themselves clean. This is ironic because no amount of water could make them spiritually clean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Ephphatha" ##### + +This is a phrase in Aramaic. Mark does not "translate" this phrase into Greek but chooses to "transliterate" or transfer it into Greek by substituting Greek letters for Aramaic letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this phrase either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this phrase without translating its meaning. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/01.md b/mrk/08/01.md index dea03fa36c..01e8ae6c8c 100644 --- a/mrk/08/01.md +++ b/mrk/08/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## three days ## +# Connecting Statement: -"3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +A great, hungry crowd is with Jesus. He feeds them using only seven loaves and a few fish before Jesus and his disciples get in a boat to go to another place. -## they may faint ## +# In those days -Possible meanings: 1) "they may lose consciousness temporarily" or 2) "they may become weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This phrase is used to introduce a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Where can we get enough loaves of bread in such a deserted place to satisfy these people? ## +# because they continue to be with me already for three days -The disciples are expressing surprise that Jesus would expect them to be able to find enough food. AT: "This place is so deserted that there is no place here for us to get enough loaves of bread to satisfy these people!" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"because this is this third day these people have been with me" + +# they may faint + +Possible meanings are 1) literal, "they may lose consciousness temporarily" or 2) hyperbolic exaggeration, "they may become weak." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Where can we get enough loaves of bread in such a deserted place to satisfy these people? + +The disciples are expressing surprise that Jesus would expect them to be able to find enough food. AT: "This place is so deserted that there is no place here for us to get enough loaves of bread to satisfy these people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# loaves of bread + +A loaf of bread is a lump of dough that is shaped and baked. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/05.md b/mrk/08/05.md index 4172f027cb..037d212119 100644 --- a/mrk/08/05.md +++ b/mrk/08/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## sit down ## +# He asked them + +"Jesus asked his disciples" + +# He commanded the crowd to sit down on the ground + +This can be written as a direct quote. "Jesus commanded the crowd, 'Sit down on the ground'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# sit down Use your language's word for how people customarily eat when there is no table, whether sitting or lying down. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/07.md b/mrk/08/07.md index 924820aaf6..56fc9d1e97 100644 --- a/mrk/08/07.md +++ b/mrk/08/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## Dalmanutha ## +# They also had -an area on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "they" is used to refer to Jesus and his disciples. + +# he gave thanks for them + +"Jesus gave thanks for the fish" + +# They ate + +"The people ate" + +# they picked up + +"the disciples picked up" + +# the remaining broken pieces, seven large baskets + +This refers to the broken pieces of fish and bread that were left over after the people ate. AT: "the remaining broken pieces of bread and fish, which filled seven large baskets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then he sent them away + +It may be helpful to clarify when he sent them away. AT: "After they ate, Jesus sent them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they went into the region of Dalmanutha + +It may be helpful to clarify how they got to Dalmanutha. AT: "they sailed around the Sea of Galilee to the region of Dalmanutha" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Dalmanutha + +This is the name of a place on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/11.md b/mrk/08/11.md index b01664e422..0e78c82b0c 100644 --- a/mrk/08/11.md +++ b/mrk/08/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,43 @@ -## sought ## +# Connecting Statement: -"tried to get" +In Dalmanutha, Jesus refuses to give the Pharisees a sign before he and his disciples get in a boat and leave. -## sighed ## +# They sought from him -See how you translated this in [Mark 7:33](../07/33.md). +"They asked him for" -## Why does this generation seek for a sign? ## +# from heaven -Jesus is scolding them. AT: "This generation should not seek a sign." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "heaven" refers to the place where God lives, and it is a metonym for God. AT: "from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## does this generation ## +# to test him -"do all you people" \ No newline at end of file +The Pharisees tried to test Jesus to make him prove that he was from God. Some information can be made explicit. AT: "to prove that God had sent him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sighed + +This means to take in and then let out a long breath. See how you translated this in [Mark 7:34](../07/33.md). + +# in his spirit + +"in himself" + +# Why does this generation seek for a sign? + +Jesus is scolding them. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "This generation should not seek a sign." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# this generation + +When Jesus speaks of "this generation," he is referring to the people who lived at that time. There Pharisees are included in this group. AT: "you and the people of this generation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# no sign will be given + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not give a sign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he left them, got into a boat again + +Jesus disciples went with him. Some information can be made explicit. AT: "he left them, got into a boat again with his disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to the other side + +This describes the Sea of Galilee, which can be stated clearly. AT: "to the other side of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/14.md b/mrk/08/14.md index 2245c596f7..15426df557 100644 --- a/mrk/08/14.md +++ b/mrk/08/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## "Keep watch and be on guard ## +# Connecting Statement: -These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Jesus uses them to emphasize this warning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +While Jesus and his disciples are in a boat, they have a discussion about the lack of understanding among the Pharisees and Herod, though they had seen many signs. -## yeast of the Pharisees and the yeast of Herod ## +# Now -AT: "false teachings of the Pharisees and the false teachings of Herod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the author tells background information about the disciples forgetting to bring bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# no more than one loaf + +The negative phrase "no more" is used to emphasize how small an amount of bread they had. AT: "only one loaf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Keep watch and be on guard + +These two terms have a common meaning and are repeated here for emphasis. They can be combined. AT: "Keep watch" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# yeast of the Pharisees and the yeast of Herod + +Here Jesus is speaking to his disciples in a metaphor they do not understand. Jesus is comparing the Pharisees' and Herod's teachings to yeast, but you should not explain this when you translate it because the disciples themselves did not understand it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/16.md b/mrk/08/16.md index e9a69215d0..c54b6b934e 100644 --- a/mrk/08/16.md +++ b/mrk/08/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Why are you reasoning about not having bread? ## +# It is because we have no bread -Jesus is frustrated because they do not understand. AT: "You should not be thinking that I am talking about physical bread." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +In this statement, it may be helpful to state that "it" refers to what Jesus had said. AT: "He must have said that because we have no bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# no bread + +The word "no" is an exaggeration. The disciples did have one loaf of bread ([Mark 8:14](./14.md)), but that was not much different from having no bread at all. AT: "very little bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Why are you reasoning about not having bread? + +Here Jesus is mildly rebuking his disciples because they should have understood what he had been talking about. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not be thinking that I am talking about actual bread." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do you not yet perceive? Do you not understand? + +These questions have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that they do not understand. This can be written as one question or as a statement. AT: "Do you not yet understand?" or "You should perceive and understand by now the things I say and do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have your hearts become so dull? + +This metaphor refers to them not being open or willing to understand what Jesus meant. This can also be written as a statement. AT: "How are your hearts not open to understanding what I say?" or "Your hearts are not willing to understand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/18.md b/mrk/08/18.md index fd336e3c83..92e5831750 100644 --- a/mrk/08/18.md +++ b/mrk/08/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## You have eyes, do you not see? You have ears, do you not hear? Do you not remember? ## +# You have eyes, do you not see? You have ears, do you not hear? Do you not remember? -Jesus is frustrated because they do not understand. AT: "You have eyes, but you do not understand what you see! You have ears, but you do not understand what you hear! You should remember!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]} \ No newline at end of file +Jesus continues to mildly rebuke his disciples. These questions can be written as statements. AT: "You have eyes, but you do not understand what you see. You have ears, but you do not understand what you hear. You should remember." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the five thousand + +This refers to the 5,000 people Jesus fed. AT: "the 5,000 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# how many baskets full of broken pieces of bread did you take up + +It may be helpful to state when they collected the baskets of pieces. AT: "how many baskets full of broken pieces of bread did you collect after everyone finished eating" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/20.md b/mrk/08/20.md index c8b6ab7b72..65f333102b 100644 --- a/mrk/08/20.md +++ b/mrk/08/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## "Do you not yet understand?" ## +# the four thousand -AT: "You should understand by now that I am not talking about physical bread." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the 4,000 people Jesus fed. AT: "the 4,000 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# how many basketfuls did you take up + +It may be helpful to state when they collected these. AT: "how many baskets full of broken pieces of bread did you collect after everyone finished eating" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Do you not yet understand? + +Jesus is mildly rebuking his disciples for not understanding. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should understand by now the things I say and do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/22.md b/mrk/08/22.md index db8b1500e0..62eb7bfc2b 100644 --- a/mrk/08/22.md +++ b/mrk/08/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Bethsaida ## +# Connecting Statement: -A city east of the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +When Jesus and his disciples get out of their boat at Bethsaida, Jesus heals a blind man. + +# Bethsaida + +This is a town on the northern shores of the Sea of Galilee. See how you translated the name of this town in [Mark 6:45](../06/45.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# to touch him + +It may be helpful to state why they wanted Jesus to touch the man. AT: "to touch him in order to heal him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When he had spit on his eyes ... he asked him + +"When Jesus had spit on the man's eyes ... Jesus asked the man" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/24.md b/mrk/08/24.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..474da8388b --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/08/24.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# He looked up + +"The man looked up" + +# I see men who look like walking trees + +The man sees men walking around, yet they are not clear to him, so he compares them to trees. AT: "Yes, I see people! They are walking around, but I cannot see them clearly. They look like trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Then he again + +"Then Jesus again" + +# and the man opened his eyes, his sight was restored + +The phrase "his sight was restored" can be written in active form. AT: "restoring the man's sight, and then the man opened his eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/27.md b/mrk/08/27.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b7787a65ec --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/08/27.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus and his disciples talk on their way to the villages of Caesarea Philippi about who Jesus is and what will happen to him. + +# They answered him and said + +"They answered him, saying," + +# John the Baptist + +This is the disciples' answer, which some people said Jesus was. This can be shown more clearly. AT: "Some people say that you are John the Baptist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Others say ... others + +The word "others" refers to other people. This refers to their responses to Jesus' question. AT: "Other people say you are ... other people say you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/29.md b/mrk/08/29.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..800d231952 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/08/29.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# He asked them + +"Jesus asked his disciples" + +# Jesus warned them not to tell anyone about him + +Jesus did not want them to tell anyone that he was the Christ. This can be made more explicit. Also, this can also be written as a direct quote. AT: "Jesus warned them not to tell anyone that he is the Christ" or "Jesus warned them, 'Do not tell anyone that I am the Christ'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/31.md b/mrk/08/31.md index 237ca982d0..2596056cfe 100644 --- a/mrk/08/31.md +++ b/mrk/08/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the Son of Man must suffer many things, be rejected by the elders and the chief priests and the scribes, be killed, and be raised back to life ## +# Son of Man -AT: "the elders and the chief priests and the scribes would reject the Son of Man and kill him, and that God would raise him back to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## three days ## +# would be rejected by the elders ... and after three days rise up -"3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the elders and the chief priests and the scribes would reject him, and that men would kill him and after three days he would rise up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He said this clearly + +"He said this in a way that was easy to understand" + +# began to rebuke him + +Peter rebuked Jesus for saying the things he said would happen to the Son of Man. This can be made explicit. AT: "began to rebuke him for saying these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/33.md b/mrk/08/33.md index ee7340d9e0..ae6a53fcf2 100644 --- a/mrk/08/33.md +++ b/mrk/08/33.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -Jesus is answering Peter's rebuke ([Mark 8:31](./31.md)). \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +After rebuking Peter for his not wanting Jesus to die and rise, Jesus tells both his disciples and the crowd how to follow him. + +# Get behind me, Satan! You are not setting + +Jesus means that Peter is acting like Satan because Peter is trying to prevent Jesus from accomplishing what God sent him to do. AT: "Get behind me Satan! I call you Satan because you are not setting" or "Get behind me, because you are acting like Satan! You are not setting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Get behind me + +"Get away from me" + +# follow me + +Following Jesus here represents being one of his disciples. AT: "be my disciple" or "be one of my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# must deny himself + +"must not give in to his own desires" or "must forsake his own desires" + +# take up his cross, and follow me + +"carry his cross and follow me." The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. AT: "must obey me even to the point of suffering and dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# follow me + +Following Jesus here represents obeying him. AT: "obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/35.md b/mrk/08/35.md index 715744bb9d..848650222c 100644 --- a/mrk/08/35.md +++ b/mrk/08/35.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## For ## +# For whoever wants -Jesus is telling his disciples the reason they need to think of themselves as criminals about to die ([Mark 8:33](./33.md)). \ No newline at end of file +"For anyone who wants" + +# life + +This refers to both physical life and spiritual life. + +# for my sake and for the gospel + +"because of me and because of the gospel." Jesus is talking about people who lose their lives because they follow Jesus and the gospel. This can be stated clearly. AT: "because he follows me and tells others the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What does it profit a person, to gain the whole world, and then forfeit his life? + +This can be written as a statement. AT: "Even if a person gains the whole world, it will not benefit him if he forfeits his life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to gain the whole world + +The words "the whole world" are an exaggeration for great riches. AT: "if he gains everything he ever wanted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# forfeit + +To forfeit something is to lose it or to have another person take it away. + +# What can a person give in exchange for his life? + +This can be written as a statement. AT: "There is nothing a person can give in exchange for his life." or "No one can give anything in exchange for his life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# What can a person give + +If in your language "giving" requires someone to receive what is given, "God" can be stated as the receiver. AT: "What can a person give to God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/38.md b/mrk/08/38.md index 630958e2a9..7de3d2fc1e 100644 --- a/mrk/08/38.md +++ b/mrk/08/38.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -Jesus had just told the crowd and his disciples how much more valuable following him is than having anything in this world. \ No newline at end of file +# in this adulterous and sinful generation + +Jesus speaks of this generation as "adulterous," meaning that they are unfaithful in their relationship with God. AT: "in this generation of people who have committed adultery against God and are very sinful" or "in this generation of people who are unfaithful to God and are very sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Son of Man + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# when he comes + +"when he comes back" + +# in the glory of his Father + +When Jesus returns he will have the same glory as his Father. + +# with the holy angels + +"accompanied by the holy angels" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/08/intro.md b/mrk/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..de0cfaaad6 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Mark 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Bread ##### +Bread is a special image in this chapter. Jesus gave the people their daily need for bread as God provided manna for Israel every day in the wilderness. Mark also spoke of yeast, the ingredient that causes bread to rise before it is baked. Yeast is used as a negative metaphor in scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### "Adulterous generation" ##### +This is a common image in scripture used to represent a generation of God's people who were unfaithful to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +Jesus uses many rhetorical questions in this chapter as a way of both teaching the disciples and of convicting the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [Mark 8:17-21](./16.md)) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd, and appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "Whoever wants to save his life will lose it" ([Mark 8:35-37](./35.md)). + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/01.md b/mrk/09/01.md index 3eb4736678..7ad3ab010a 100644 --- a/mrk/09/01.md +++ b/mrk/09/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -Jesus had just been talking to the people and his disciples about following him. +# Connecting Statement: -## he was transfigured ## +Jesus has just been talking to the people and his disciples about following him. Six days later, Jesus goes with three of his disciples up a mountain where his appearance changes, so he looks as he will one day in the kingdom of God. -"he changed into another form" or "he appeared very different" (UDB) +# He said to them -## radiantly brilliant ## +"Jesus said to his disciples" -"exceedingly white" +# the kingdom of God come with power -## bleacher on earth could bleach them ## +The kingdom of God coming represents God showing himself as king. AT: "God show himself with great power as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"Bleach" is a chemical used to remove stains from clothes and to make them white. A "bleacher" is someone who does the stain removal. \ No newline at end of file +# alone by themselves + +The author uses the reflexive pronoun "themselves" here to emphasize that they were alone and that only Jesus, Peter, James, and John went up the mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# he was transfigured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he appeared very different" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# before them + +"in front of them" + +# radiantly brilliant + +"shining" or "glowing." Jesus' garments were so white they were emitting or putting out light. + +# extremely + +"very, very" + +# whiter than any bleacher on earth could bleach them + +Bleaching describes the process of making natural white wool even whiter by using chemicals like bleach or ammonia. AT: "whiter than any person on earth could whiten them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/04.md b/mrk/09/04.md index c68b30f65d..024ec50c07 100644 --- a/mrk/09/04.md +++ b/mrk/09/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## terrified ## +# Elijah with Moses -"very frightened" \ No newline at end of file +It may be helpful to state who these men are. AT: "two prophets who had lived long ago, Moses and Elijah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they were talking + +The word "they" refers to Elijah and Moses. + +# Peter answered and said to Jesus + +"Peter said to Jesus." Here the word "answered" is used to introduce Peter into the conversation. Peter was not answering a question. + +# it is good for us to be here + +It is not clear whether "us" refers only to Peter, James, and John, or if it refers to everyone there, including Jesus, Elijah, and Moses. If you can translate so that both options are possible, do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# shelters + +"tents." This refers to simple temporary dwellings. + +# For he did not know what to say, for they were terrified + +This parenthetical sentence tells background information about Peter, James, and John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# terrified + +"very frightened" or "very afraid" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/07.md b/mrk/09/07.md index 295155e94f..24c0c29700 100644 --- a/mrk/09/07.md +++ b/mrk/09/07.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -Jesus had taken Peter, James, and John up a high mountain where Jesus appeared in bright white clothes. \ No newline at end of file +# came and overshadowed + +"appeared and covered" + +# Then a voice came out of the cloud + +The "voice" is a metonym for God. Also, the "voice" is described as "coming out of the cloud," meaning that they heard God speaking from the cloud. AT: "Then God spoke from the cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# This is my beloved Son. Listen to him + +God the Father expresses his love for his "beloved Son," the Son of God. + +# beloved Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# when they looked + +Here "they" refers to Peter, James, and John. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/09.md b/mrk/09/09.md index a5efbefbe7..ca9ce308a4 100644 --- a/mrk/09/09.md +++ b/mrk/09/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Jesus had taken Peter, James, and John up a high mountain where Jesus appeared in bright white clothes along with Moses and Elijah. +# he commanded them to tell no one ... until the Son of Man had risen -## So they kept the matter between themselves ## +This implies that he was permitting them to tell people about what they had seen only after he rose from being dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"So they did not talk about these things with anybody who did not also see them happen". +# risen from the dead ones ... to rise from the dead ones -## "to rise from the dead" ## +"risen from the dead ... to rise from the dead" or "risen from among the dead ones ... to rise from among the dead ones." This means to become alive again. The phrase "the dead ones" refers to "dead people" and is a metaphor for being dead. AT: "risen from being dead ... to rise from being dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"to come alive after dying" \ No newline at end of file +# So they kept the matter to themselves + +Here "kept the matter to themselves" is an idiom that means they did not tell anyone about what they had seen. AT: "So they did not tell anyone about what they had seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/11.md b/mrk/09/11.md index 039ab5dc45..ccd6a59555 100644 --- a/mrk/09/11.md +++ b/mrk/09/11.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -Jesus had just taken Peter, James, and John up a high mountain where Jesus appeared in bright white clothes along with Moses and Elijah. +# Connecting Statement: -## Elijah does indeed...people will hate him? ## +Though Peter, James, and John wondered what Jesus might mean by "rising from the dead," they asked him instead about Elijah's coming. -Prophecy foretold Elijah would come again from Heaven, then the Messiah, the Son of Man, would come to rule and reign. Other prophecies also foretold that the Son of Man would suffer and be hated by people. The disciples are confused how both could be true. +# General Information: -## Elijah has come ## +The UDB uses a verse bridge to combine verses 12 and 13, giving the information Jesus is telling them in an order that is easier to understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -In prophecy, there is often a double fulfillment. \ No newline at end of file +# They asked him + +The word "they" refers to Peter, James, and John. + +# Why do the scribes say that Elijah must come first? + +Prophecy foretold that Elijah would come again from heaven. Then the Messiah, who is the Son of Man, would come to rule and reign. Other prophecies also foretold that the Son of Man would suffer and be hated by people. The disciples are confused how both could be true. + +# that Elijah must come first + +The scribes taught that Elijah would come back to earth before the Messiah came. AT: "that Elijah must come first before the Messiah comes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Then why is it written ... who is worthless? + +As Jesus is teaching his disciples, he asks this question and then tells his disciples the answer. This may be expressed as a statement. AT: "But I also want you to consider what is written about the Son of Man. The scriptures say that he must suffer many things and be treated as one who is worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# be treated as one who is worthless + +This may be stated in active form. AT: "people will treat him as one who is worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they did whatever they wanted to him + +It may be helpful to state what people did to him. AT: "our leaders treated him very badly, just as they wanted to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/14.md b/mrk/09/14.md index 2316aaa704..2f59d7a236 100644 --- a/mrk/09/14.md +++ b/mrk/09/14.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Jesus had just taken Peter, James, and John up a high mountain where Jesus appeared in bright white clothes along with Moses and Elijah. +# Connecting Statement: -## arguing ## +When Peter, James, John, and Jesus came down from the mountain, they found the scribes arguing with the other disciples. -"discussing" or "disputing" or "questioning" \ No newline at end of file +# When they came to the disciples + +Jesus, Peter, James, and John returned to the other disciples who had not gone with them up the mountain. + +# they saw a great crowd around them + +"Jesus and those three disciples saw a great crowd around the other disciples" + +# scribes were arguing with them + +The scribes were arguing with the disciples who had not gone with Jesus. + +# was amazed + +It may be helpful to state why they were amazed. AT: "was amazed that Jesus had come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/17.md b/mrk/09/17.md index 5258a4a678..e7fcacb4bc 100644 --- a/mrk/09/17.md +++ b/mrk/09/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,39 @@ -Jesus had just arrived where he and his other disciples had been arguing with the lawyers. +# Connecting Statement: -## drive it out of him ## +To explain what the scribes and other disciples were arguing about, a father of a demon-possessed man tells Jesus that he has asked the disciples to send the demon out of his son, but they could not. Jesus then casts the demon out of the boy. Later the disciples ask why they were not able to send the demon away. -"drive the spirit out of my son" or "send the demon away" +# He has a spirit -## bear with you ## +This means the boy is possessed by an unclean spirit. "He has an unclean spirit" or "He is possessed by an unclean spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"endure you" or "put up with you" \ No newline at end of file +# he foams at the mouth + +When a person has a seizure, they can have trouble breathing or swallowing. This causes white foam to come out of the mouth. If your language has a way to describe that, you could use it. + +# becomes rigid + +"becomes stiff." This refers to the boy's body becoming stiff. AT: "his body becomes rigid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# they could not + +This refers to the disciples not being about to drive the spirit out of the boy. AT: "they could not drive it out of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# He answered them + +Though it was the boy's father who made a request of Jesus, Jesus responds to the whole crowd. This can be made clear. AT: "Jesus responded to the crowd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Unbelieving generation + +"You unbelieving generation." Jesus calls the crowd this, as he begins to respond to them. + +# how long will I have to stay with you? ... bear with you? + +Jesus uses these questions to express his frustration. Both questions have the same meaning. They can be written as statements. AT: "I have become weary by your unbelief!" or "Your unbelief tires me! I wonder how long I must bear with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# bear with you + +"endure you" or "put up with you" + +# Bring him to me + +"Bring the boy to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/20.md b/mrk/09/20.md index 87b3ebd1e7..9c2403eefb 100644 --- a/mrk/09/20.md +++ b/mrk/09/20.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -The boy's father had just told Jesus that his disciples could not heal his son. +# spirit -## have pity ## +This refers to the unclean spirit. See how you translated this in [Mark 9:17](./17.md). -"feel mercy" or "have kindness" \ No newline at end of file +# convulsion + +This is a condition where a person has no control over his body, and his body shakes violently. + +# Since childhood + +"Since he was a small child." It may be helpful to state this as a full sentence. AT: "He has been like this since he was a small child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# have pity + +"have compassion" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/23.md b/mrk/09/23.md index 949aeb805d..9d6b5b32cd 100644 --- a/mrk/09/23.md +++ b/mrk/09/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## Jesus said to him, "'If you are able'? All things...." ## +# 'If you are able'? -Jesus is rebuking the man's doubt. AT: "Jesus said to him, 'Why do you say, "If you are able"? All things....'" or "Jesus said to him, 'You should not have said, "If you are able"! All things....'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus repeated what the man had said to him. AT: "Do you say to me 'If you are able'?" or "Why do you say 'If you are able'?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# 'If you are able'? + +Jesus used this question to rebuke the man's doubt. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "You should not say to me, 'If you are able.'" or "You ask me if I am able. Of course I am able." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# All things are possible for the one who believes + +"God can do anything for people who believe in him" + +# for the one + +"for the person" + +# believes + +This refers to belief in God. AT: "believes in God" + +# Help my unbelief + +The man is asking Jesus to help him overcome his unbelief and increase his faith. AT: "Help me when I do not believe" or "Help me have more faith" + +# the crowd running to them + +This means that more people were running toward where Jesus was and that the crowd there was growing larger. + +# You mute and deaf spirit + +The words "mute" and "deaf" can be explained. AT: "You unclean spirit, you who are causing the boy to be unable to hear and unable to speak" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/26.md b/mrk/09/26.md index 4141f006b6..de73b2befe 100644 --- a/mrk/09/26.md +++ b/mrk/09/26.md @@ -1,5 +1,27 @@ -Jesus had just told the demon to come out of the boy. +# It cried out -## The boy looked like one who was dead ## +"The unclean spirit cried out" -"The boy appeared dead" or "The boy seemed dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +# convulsed the boy greatly + +"shook the boy violently" + +# came out + +It is implied that the spirit came out of the boy. AT: "came out of the boy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The boy looked like one who was dead + +The boy's appearance is compared to that of a dead person. AT: "The boy appeared dead" or "The boy looked like a dead person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# so that many + +"so that many people" + +# took him by the hand + +This means that Jesus grasped the boy's hand with his own hand. AT: "grasped the boy by the hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# lifted him up + +"helped him get up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/28.md b/mrk/09/28.md index 45add84856..770695f23b 100644 --- a/mrk/09/28.md +++ b/mrk/09/28.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -Jesus had just healed the demon possessed boy whom the disciples had not healed. \ No newline at end of file +# privately + +This means they were alone. + +# cast it out + +"cast the unclean spirit out." This refers to casting the spirit out of the boy. AT: "cast the unclean spirit out of the boy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# This kind cannot be cast out except by prayer + +The words "cannot" and "except" are both negative words. In some languages it is more natural to use a positive statement. AT: "This kind can be cast out only by prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# This kind + +This describes unclean spirits. AT: "This kind of unclean spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/30.md b/mrk/09/30.md index 18c56e47e2..d0bb162294 100644 --- a/mrk/09/30.md +++ b/mrk/09/30.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -Jesus and his disciples left the house where they had been after Jesus healed the demon possessed boy. +# Connecting Statement: -## passed through ## +Jesus and his disciples left the house where they had been after Jesus had healed the demon-possessed boy. He takes time to teach his disciples alone. -"went through" or "passed by" +# They went out from there -## three days ## +"Jesus and his disciples left that region" -"3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# passed through + +"traveled through" or "passed by" + +# for he was teaching his disciples + +Jesus was teaching his disciples privately, away from the crowd. This can be stated clearly. AT: "for he was teaching his disciples privately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The Son of Man + +Here Jesus refers to himself as the Son of Man. This is an important title for Jesus. "I, the Son of Man," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# into the hands of men + +Here "hands" is a metonym for control. AT: "into the control of men" or "to the control of men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# When he has been put to death, after three days + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "After they have put him to death and three days have passed," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they were afraid to ask him + +They were afraid to ask Jesus what his statement meant. AT: "they were afraid to ask him what it meant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/33.md b/mrk/09/33.md index 9e286675ff..fc2f6d590e 100644 --- a/mrk/09/33.md +++ b/mrk/09/33.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -Jesus and his disciples had just come from Galilee so he could teach them without the crowds. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +When they come to Capernaum, Jesus teaches his disciples about being humble servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# they came to + +"they arrived at." The word "they" refers to Jesus and his disciples. + +# discussing + +"discussing with one another" + +# they were silent + +They were silent because they were ashamed to tell Jesus what they had been discussing. AT: "they were silent because they were ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who was the greatest + +Here "the greatest" refers to "the greatest" among the disciples. AT: "who was the greatest among them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If anyone wants to be first, he must be last of all + +Here the words "first" and "last" are opposites of one another. Jesus speaks of being the "most important" as being "first" and of being the "least important" as being "last." AT: "If anyone wants God to consider him to be the most important person of all, he must consider himself to be the least important of all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# of all ... of all + +"of all people ... of all people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/36.md b/mrk/09/36.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f5af5f077d --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/09/36.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# in their midst + +"among them." The word "their" refers to the crowd. + +# He took him in his arms + +This means that he hugged the child or picked him up and placed him on his lap. + +# such a child + +"a child like this" + +# in my name + +This means to do something because of love for Jesus. AT: "because they love me" or "for my sake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the one who sent me + +This refers to God who has sent him to earth. AT: "God who has sent me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/38.md b/mrk/09/38.md index b838931116..4496703fe4 100644 --- a/mrk/09/38.md +++ b/mrk/09/38.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Jesus had just told his disciples again that they were not to think of themselves as more important than even children who believe in him. +# John said to him -## driving out demons ## +"John said to Jesus" -"sending away demons" \ No newline at end of file +# driving out demons + +"sending away demons." This refers to casting demons out of people. AT: "driving demons out of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in your name + +Here "name" is associated with Jesus' authority and power. AT: "by the authority of your name" or "by the power of your name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he does not follow us + +This means that he is not among their group of disciples. AT: "he is not one of us" or "he does not walk with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/40.md b/mrk/09/40.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b421e307da --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/09/40.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# is not against us + +"is not opposing us" + +# is for us + +It can be explained clearly what this means. AT: "is trying to achieve the same goals that we are" + +# gives you a cup of water to drink because you belong to Christ + +Jesus speaks about giving someone a cup of water as an example of how one person may help another. This is a metaphor for helping someone in any way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# not lose + +This negative sentence emphasizes the positive meaning. In some languages, it is more natural to use a positive statement. AT: "definitely receive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/42.md b/mrk/09/42.md index 92a41b5f8c..a37bacdac6 100644 --- a/mrk/09/42.md +++ b/mrk/09/42.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## millstone ## +# millstone -a huge stone on which to grind grain to flour +a large, round stone used for grinding grain into flour -## unquenchable fire ## +# If your hand causes you to stumble -"fire that cannot be put out" +Here "hand" is a metonym for desiring to do something sinful that you would do with your hand. AT: "If you want to do something sinful with one of your hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## 9:44 ## +# to enter into life maimed -Some early texts have this verse, but others do not. \ No newline at end of file +"to be maimed and then to enter into life" or "to be maimed before entering into life" + +# to enter into life + +Dying and then beginning to live eternally is spoken of as entering into life. AT: "to enter into eternal life" or "to die and begin to live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# maimed + +missing a body part as a result of having it removed or being injured. Here it refers to missing a hand. AT: "without a hand" or "missing a hand" + +# into the unquenchable fire + +"where the fire cannot be put out" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/45.md b/mrk/09/45.md index b66501204d..3f0573697b 100644 --- a/mrk/09/45.md +++ b/mrk/09/45.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## and be thrown into hell ## +# If your foot causes you to stumble -"and for God to throw you into hell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here the word "foot" is a metonym for desiring to do something sinful that you would do with your feet, such as going to a place you should not go to. AT: "If you want to do something sinful with one of your feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## 9:46 ## +# to enter into life lame -Some early texts have this verse, but others do not. \ No newline at end of file +"to be lame and then to enter into life" or "to be lame before entering into life" + +# to enter into life + +Dying and then beginning to live eternally is spoken of as entering into life. AT: "to enter into eternal life" or "to die and begin to live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lame + +"unable to walk easily." Here it refers not being able to walk well because of missing a foot. AT: "without a foot" or "missing a foot" + +# be thrown into hell + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for God to throw you into hell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/47.md b/mrk/09/47.md index 3b16691598..e86542f38c 100644 --- a/mrk/09/47.md +++ b/mrk/09/47.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## their worm ## +# If your eye causes you to stumble, tear it out -"the worms that eat their dead bodies" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "eye" is a metonym for either 1) desiring to sin by looking at something. AT: "If you want to do something sinful by looking at something, tear your eye out." or 2) Desiring to sin because of what you have looked at. AT: "If you want to do something sinful because of what you look at, tear your eye out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye than to have two eyes + +This refers to the state of a person's physical body when he dies. A person does not take his physical body with him into eternity. AT: "to enter into the kingdom of God, after having lived on earth with only one eye, than to have lived on earth and had two eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to be thrown into hell + +This can be stated in the active form. AT: "for God to throw you into hell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# where their worm does not die + +The meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "where worms that eat people there do not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/49.md b/mrk/09/49.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bde8d9c039 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/09/49.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# everyone will be salted with fire + +Here Jesus speaks of everyone being purified by experiencing suffering. Jesus speaks of suffering as if it were fire and giving suffering to people as if it were applying salt to them. This can be stated also in active form. AT: "Just as salt purifies a sacrifice, God will purify everyone by allowing them to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its saltiness + +"its salty taste" + +# how can you make it salty again? + +This can be written as a statement. AT: "you cannot make it salty again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# salty again + +"taste salty again" + +# Have salt among yourselves + +Jesus speaks of doing good things for one another as if good things were salt that people possess. AT: "Do good to each other, like salt adds flavor to food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/09/intro.md b/mrk/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8bb4247a22 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Mark 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Transfiguration ##### + +The glory of God is seen as a great, brilliant light in scripture. God's grandeur always produces fear in the person who sees it. Such an event is presented in this chapter. It is called the "transfiguration" because Jesus is changed or transfigured and he shows some of his divine glory. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]). + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "It would be better" ##### + +This phrase introduces teachings that are intended to be taken as hyperbole. Otherwise, the church would be full of people without any hands. It is best to ensure your readers know these instructions are general principles not to be taken "literally." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [Mark 9:42-48](./42.md)) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Elijah and Moses ##### +Elijah and Moses suddenly appear and disappear to Jesus, James, John and Peter. The translator may ask: is this a vision or did they actually appear to these men in physical form? It is best to translate this passage as if they appeared physically because thy were talking with Jesus. + +##### "Son of Man" ##### +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd or appears to contradict itself. For example, "If anyone wants to be first, he must be last of all and servant of all." (See: [Mark 9:35](./33.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/01.md b/mrk/10/01.md index af774ecd7b..9c68986d5c 100644 --- a/mrk/10/01.md +++ b/mrk/10/01.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -Jesus and his disciples had just left Capernaum. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +After Jesus and his disciples leave Capernaum, Jesus reminds the Pharisees, as well as his disciples, what God really expects in marriage and divorce. + +# Jesus left that place + +Jesus' disciples were traveling with him. They were leaving Capernaum. AT: "Jesus and his disciples left Capernaum" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# and to the area beyond the Jordan River + +"that was beyond the Jordan River" or "that was across the Jordan River" + +# He was teaching them again + +The word "them" refers to the crowds. + +# he was accustomed to do + +"was his custom" or "he usually did" + +# What did Moses command you + +Moses gave the law to their ancestors, which they now were also supposed to follow. AT: "What did Moses command your ancestors about this" + +# a certificate of divorce + +This was a paper saying that the woman was no longer his wife. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/05.md b/mrk/10/05.md index b357b458e1..cad846b170 100644 --- a/mrk/10/05.md +++ b/mrk/10/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## your hard hearts ## +# "It was because ... this law," Jesus said to them. "But -"your stubbornness" \ No newline at end of file +In some languages speakers do not interrupt a quote to say who is speaking. Rather they say who is speaking at the beginning or end of the complete quote. AT: "Jesus said to them, 'It was because ... this law. But" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) + +# your hard hearts that he wrote you + +Moses wrote the law for their ancestors, which they now were also supposed to follow. AT: "your ancestors' hard hearts that he wrote them this law" + +# your hard hearts + +This means that they were very stubborn. AT: "your stubbornness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# God made them male and female + +Jesus quoted this from what God said in the book of Genesis. + +# God made them + +"God made people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/07.md b/mrk/10/07.md index fadf709317..02f7aa4698 100644 --- a/mrk/10/07.md +++ b/mrk/10/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## So they are no longer two, but one flesh ## +# For this reason a man ... one flesh -This is a metaphor to illustrate their close physical union as husband and wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus continues to quote what God said in the book of Genesis. + +# For this reason + +"Therefore" or "Because of this" + +# cleave to + +"join with" or "cling to" + +# they are no longer two, but one flesh + +This is a metaphor to illustrate their close union as husband and wife. AT: "the two people will be like one person" or "they are no longer two, but together they are one body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Therefore what God has joined together, let no man tear apart + +This statement can be written more explicitly. AT: "Therefore since God joins together a husband and wife, let no man tear them apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/10.md b/mrk/10/10.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..707217c75d --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/10/10.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# When they were + +"When Jesus and his disciples were" + +# were in the house + +Jesus' disciples were speaking to him privately. AT: were alone in the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# asked him again about this + +The word "this" refers to the conversation that Jesus had just had with the Pharisees about divorce. + +# Whoever + +"If any man" + +# commits adultery against her + +Here "her" refers to the first woman he was married to. + +# she commits adultery + +In this situation she commits adultery again her previous husband. AT: "she commits adultery against him" or "she commits adultery against the first man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/13.md b/mrk/10/13.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..61d92f8a5c --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/10/13.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +When the disciples rebuke the people for bringing their little children to Jesus, he blesses the children and reminds the disciples that people must be as humble as a child to enter the kingdom of God. + +# Then they brought + +"Now people were bringing." This is the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) + +# he might touch them + +This means that Jesus would touch them with his hands and bless them. AT: "he might touch them with his hands and bless them" or "he might lay his hands on them and bless them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# rebuked them + +"rebuked the people" + +# Jesus noticed it + +The word "it" refers to the disciples rebuking the people who were bringing the children to Jesus. + +# was very displeased + +"became angry" + +# Permit the little children to come to me, and do not forbid them + +These two clauses have similar meanings, repeated for emphasis. In some languages it is more natural to emphasize this in another way. AT: "Be sure to allow the little children to come to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# do not forbid + +This is a double negative. In some languages it is more natural to use a positive statement. AT: "allow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# for the kingdom of God belongs to those who are like them + +The kingdom belonging to people represents the kingdom including them. AT: "the kingdom of God includes people who are like them" or "because only people like them are members of the kingdom of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/15.md b/mrk/10/15.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc23498cd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/10/15.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# whoever + +"if anyone" + +# as a little child + +Jesus is comparing how people must receive the kingdom of God to how little children would receive it. AT: "in the same manner as a child would" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# will not receive the kingdom of God + +"will not accept God as their king" + +# definitely not enter it + +The word "it" refers to the kingdom of God. + +# he took the children into his arms + +"he hugged the children" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/17.md b/mrk/10/17.md index 674841f752..29e319cfff 100644 --- a/mrk/10/17.md +++ b/mrk/10/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Why do you call me good? ## +# to inherit eternal life -AT: "You should consider carefully what you are implying(OR , that you are implying that I am God) by calling me good, because only God is good! See: ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the man speaks of "receiving" as if it were "inheriting." This metaphor is used to emphasize the importance of receiving. Also, "inherit" here does not mean that someone has to die first. AT: to receive eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why do you call me good? No one is good, except God alone + +Jesus is asking the man if he realizes that calling Jesus "good" implies that Jesus is God. AT: "You know that no one is good except God alone. Why do you call me good?" or "You know that no one is good except God alone. Do you understand what you are saying when you call me good?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# good, except God alone + +"good. Only God is good" + +# do not testify falsely + +"do not testify falsely against anyone" or "do not lie about someone in court" + +# honor + +This means to respect and obey. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/20.md b/mrk/10/20.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..df7fa409f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/10/20.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# One thing you lack + +"There is one thing you are missing." Here Jesus speaks of the act of "not doing something" as "lacking something." AT: "There is one thing you have not yet done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lack + +not having something + +# give it to the poor + +Here the word "it" refers to the things he sells and is a metonym for the money he receives when he sells them. AT: "give the money to the poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the poor + +This refers to poor people. AT: "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# treasure + +"riches" + +# had many possessions + +"owned many things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/23.md b/mrk/10/23.md index d5d7f7d02d..50c23491e9 100644 --- a/mrk/10/23.md +++ b/mrk/10/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## It is easier for a camel to go through a needle's eye, than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God. ## +# How difficult it is -It is impossible for a camel to go through the eye of a needle. It is almost as difficult[1]for rich people to decide to let God rule their lives." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"It is very difficult" -## eye of a needle ## +# Jesus said to them again -The "eye of a needle" is the hole at the top of a needle. \ No newline at end of file +"Jesus said to his disciples again" + +# Children + +"My children." Jesus refers to his disciples as "children," for he is teaching them as a father would teach his children. AT: "My friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# how hard it is + +"it is very hard" + +# It is easier ... kingdom of God + +Jesus uses an exaggeration to emphasize how very difficult it is for rich people to get into the kingdom of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# It is easier for a camel + +This speaks of an impossible situation. If you cannot state this in this way in your language, it can be written as a hypothetical situation. AT: "It would be easier for a camel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# a needle's eye + +"the hole of a needle." This refers to the small hole in the end of a sewing needle that thread passes through. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/26.md b/mrk/10/26.md index ca6441dee4..a88f4a92ca 100644 --- a/mrk/10/26.md +++ b/mrk/10/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Then who can be saved? ## +# They were -"Then no one can be saved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"The disciples were" + +# Then who can be saved? + +This can be written as a statement. AT: "If that is so, then no one will be saved!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# With people it is impossible, but not with God + +The understood information may be supplied. AT: "It is impossible for people to save themselves, but God can save them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Look, we have left everything and have followed you + +Here the word "Look" is used to draw attention to the words that come next. Similar emphasis can be expressed in other ways. AT: "We have left everything and have followed you!" + +# have left everything + +"have left everything behind" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/29.md b/mrk/10/29.md index 9c3b54db9e..deb121cf12 100644 --- a/mrk/10/29.md +++ b/mrk/10/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## there is no one who has left ….who will not receive ## +# there is no one who has left ... who will not receive -"anyone who has left…will receive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This can be stated positively. AT: "Everyone who has left ... will receive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## for my sake ## +# lands -"for my benefit" or "for my gain" +"plots of ground" -## this world ## +# for my sake + +"for my cause" or "for me" + +# for the gospel + +"to proclaim the gospel" + +# this world "this life" or "this present age" -## the world to come ## +# brothers, and sisters, and mothers, and children -"the life to come" or "the age to come" \ No newline at end of file +Like the list in verse 29, this describes the family in general. The word "fathers" is missing in verse 30, but it does not significantly change the meaning. + +# with persecutions, and in the world to come, eternal life + +This can be written more clearly. AT: "even though people will persecute them, in the world to come, they will have eternal life" + +# the world to come + +"the life to come" or "the age to come" + +# are first will be last, and the last first + +Here the words "first" and "last" are opposites of one another. Jesus speaks of being the "important" as being "first" and of being the "unimportant" as being "last." AT: "are important will be unimportant, and those who are unimportant will be important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the last first + +The phrase "the last" refers to people who are "last." Also, the understood verb in this clause may be supplied. AT: "those who are last will be first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/32.md b/mrk/10/32.md index eb26878ea5..1d64b82f65 100644 --- a/mrk/10/32.md +++ b/mrk/10/32.md @@ -1,3 +1,39 @@ -## the Son of Man will be delivered ## +# They were on the road ... and Jesus was going ahead of them -"people will deliver the Son of Man" or "people will hand over the Son of Man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Jesus and his disciples were walking on the road ... and Jesus was in front of his disciples" + +# those who were following behind + +"those who were following behind them." Some people were walking behind Jesus and his disciples. + +# See + +"Listen." Jesus uses this word to draw the people's attention, to let them know he is about to say something important. + +# the Son of Man + +Jesus is speaking about himself. This can be stated clearly. AT: "I, the Son of Man," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Son of Man will be delivered to + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone will deliver the Son of Man to" or "they will hand the Son of Man over to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will condemn + +The word "They" refers to the chief priests and the scribes. + +# deliver him + +"hand him over to." This means Jesus will be given over to the control of the Gentiles. + +# They will mock + +"People will mock" + +# put him to death + +"kill him" + +# he will rise + +This refers to rising from the dead. AT: "he will rise from being dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/35.md b/mrk/10/35.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..52412a63d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/10/35.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# we ... us + +These words refer only to James and John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# in your glory + +"when you are glorified." The phrase "your glory" refers to when Jesus is glorified and rules over his kingdom. AT: "when you rule in your kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/38.md b/mrk/10/38.md index d1fc885066..30a14453ee 100644 --- a/mrk/10/38.md +++ b/mrk/10/38.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ -James and John had just asked Jesus if they could sit next to Jesus when he ruled in his kingdom on earth. +# You do not know -## the cup which I will drink ## +"You do not understand" -Jesus uses this phrase to refer to the suffering which he is about to undergo. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# drink the cup -## the baptism with which I will be baptized ## +Here "cup" refers to what Jesus must suffer. Undergoing suffering is often referred to as drinking from a cup. AT: "the cup of suffering that I will drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Jesus uses this phrase to refer to the suffering which he is about to undergo. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# endure the baptism + +Here "baptism" also refers to what Jesus must suffer. Just as water covers a person during baptism, suffering will overwhelm Jesus. AT: "endure the baptism of suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We are able + +They respond this way, meaning that they are able to drink the same cup and endure the same baptism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# you will drink + +"you will drink as well" + +# with which I am baptized + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which I will endure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But who is to sit at my right hand ... is not mine to give + +"But I am not the one who allows people to sit at my right hand or my left hand" + +# but it is for those for whom it has been prepared + +"but those places are for those for whom they have been prepared." The word "it" refers to the places to his right hand and to his left hand. + +# it has been prepared + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has prepared it" or "God has prepared them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/41.md b/mrk/10/41.md index 0b686d04a2..1dcf0c7ea6 100644 --- a/mrk/10/41.md +++ b/mrk/10/41.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## those who are considered rulers ## +# heard about this -"those who are thought to be rulers" +The word "this" refers to James and John asking to sit at Jesus' right and left hands. -## dominate ## +# Jesus called them + +"Jesus called his disciples" + +# those who are considered rulers of the Gentiles + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom the people consider to be the rulers of the Gentiles" or "those who rule over the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# considered + +"recognized as" + +# dominate "have control of" or "have power over" -## exercise ## +# exercise authority -"make use of" \ No newline at end of file +"flaunt their authority." This means that they show or use their authority in an overbearing way. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/43.md b/mrk/10/43.md index 82fb28bde3..67d465ac6a 100644 --- a/mrk/10/43.md +++ b/mrk/10/43.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## become great ## +# But it shall not be this way among you -"be held in respect" or "be admired" +This refers back to the previous verse about the Gentile rulers. This can be stated clearly. AT: "But do not be like them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## whoever ## +# become great -"anyone" +"be highly respected" -## For the Son of Man did not come to be served ## +# to be first -"For the Son of Man did not come to have people serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a metaphor for being the most important. AT: "to be the most important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For the Son of Man did not come to be served + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "For the Son of Man did not come to have people serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to be served, but to serve + +The missing words may be added. AT: "to be served by people, but to serve people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# for many + +"for many people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/46.md b/mrk/10/46.md index e4853ee744..9706ee526a 100644 --- a/mrk/10/46.md +++ b/mrk/10/46.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Jesus and his disciples continued walking toward Jerusalem. +# Connecting Statement: -## Bartimaeus ## +As Jesus and his disciples continue walking toward Jerusalem, Jesus heals blind Bartimaeus, who then walks with them. -A man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# the son of Timaeus, Bartimaeus, a blind beggar -## Timaeus ## +"a blind beggar named Bartimaeus, the son of Timaeus." Bartimaeus is the name of a man. Timaeus is his father's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -The name of the father of the blind beggar (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# When he heard that it was Jesus + +Bartimaeus heard people saying that it was Jesus. AT: "When he heard people saying that it was Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Son of David + +Jesus is called the Son of David because he is a descendant of King David. AT: "You who are the Messiah descended from King David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Many + +"Many people" + +# all the more + +"even more" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/49.md b/mrk/10/49.md index 06fd09d382..07708ba4dd 100644 --- a/mrk/10/49.md +++ b/mrk/10/49.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -While Jesus and his disciples had been walking toward Jerusalem, the blind man outside of Jericho had been calling out to Jesus. +# commanded him to be called -## commanded him to be called ## +This can be translated in active form or as as a direct quote. AT: "commanded others to call him" or "commanded them, 'Call him to come over here.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -"commanded others to call him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# They called -## Be brave ## +The word "They" refers to the crowd. -"Don't be afraid" \ No newline at end of file +# brave + +"courageous" + +# He is calling for you + +"Jesus is calling for you" + +# sprang up + +"jumped up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/51.md b/mrk/10/51.md index 3659a51d40..85f675a9f6 100644 --- a/mrk/10/51.md +++ b/mrk/10/51.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Jesus and his disciples are going to Jerusalem. +# answered him -## sight ## +"answered the blind man" -"ability to see" +# to receive my sight -## immediately ## +"to be able to see" -"at once" or "without any delay" \ No newline at end of file +# Your faith has healed you + +This phrase is written this way to place emphasis on the man's faith. Jesus heals the man because he believes that Jesus can heal him. This can be made explicit. AT: "I am healing you because you believed in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he followed him + +"he followed Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/10/intro.md b/mrk/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a2c80cef4e --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Mark 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Format #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 10:7-9, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jesus' teaching about divorce ##### + +In this chapter, Jesus teaches about divorce in response to a challenge from the Pharisees. Jesus bases his teaching on God's original intentions in creating marriage. Jesus implicitly shows the mistakes the religious leaders made in their traditions about marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +There are many metaphors in this chapter. Jesus uses them in his teaching to explain difficult issues. He also uses metaphors to conceal the truth about his death because it has not yet occurred. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Paradox ##### + +This is a statement that seems absurd or appears to contradict itself. For example, "Whoever wishes to become great among you must be your servant." (See: [Mark 10:43](./43.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/01.md b/mrk/11/01.md index c8845decee..163b7c0b1a 100644 --- a/mrk/11/01.md +++ b/mrk/11/01.md @@ -1 +1,31 @@ -Jesus and his disciples are going to Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file +# Now as they came to Jerusalem ... Bethphage and Bethany, at the Mount of Olives + +"When Jesus and his disciples came near to Jerusalem, they came to Bethphage and Bethany near the Mount of Olives" They have come to Bethphage and Bethany in the vicinity of Jerusalem. + +# Bethphage + +This is the name of a village. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# opposite us + +"ahead of us" + +# a colt + +This refers to a young donkey that is large enough to carry a man. + +# that has never been ridden + +This can be written in active form. AT: "that no one has ever ridden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Why are you doing this + +It can be written clearly what the word "this" refers to. AT: "Why are you untying and taking the colt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# has need of it + +"needs it" + +# will immediately send it back here + +Jesus will send it back promptly when he is finished using it. AT: "will immediately send it back when he no longer needs it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/04.md b/mrk/11/04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d9dd36aca9 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/11/04.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# They went + +"The two disciples went" + +# colt + +This refers to a young donkey that is large enough to carry a man. See how you translated this in [Mark 11:2](./01.md). + +# They spoke + +"They responded" + +# as Jesus told them + +"as Jesus had told them to respond." This refers to how Jesus had told them to respond to people's questions about taking the colt. + +# let them go their way + +This means that they allowed them to continue doing what they were doing. AT: "let them take the donkey with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/07.md b/mrk/11/07.md index 521992f190..26928179b8 100644 --- a/mrk/11/07.md +++ b/mrk/11/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,51 @@ -## Hosanna ## +# threw their cloaks on it so Jesus could ride it -The meaning of this term is unclear, but is probably best translated as an expression of welcome and praise, as in "Hail" or "Praise God" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +"laid their cloaks on its back so Jesus could ride it." It is easier to ride a colt or a horse when there is a blanket or something similar on its back. In this case, the disciples threw their cloaks on it. + +# cloaks + +"coats" or "robes" + +# Many people spread their garments on the road + +It was a tradition to lay garments on the road in front of important people to honor them. This can be made explicit. AT: "Many people spread their garments on the road to honor him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# others spread branches they had cut from the fields + +It was a tradition to lay palm branches on the road in front of an important people to honor them. AT: "others spread branches on the road that they had cut from the fields, also to honor him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who followed + +"who followed him" + +# Hosanna + +This word means "save us" but can also mean "praise God!" Or it may be borrowed into your language. AT: "Praise God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# Blessed is the one + +This is referring to Jesus. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Blessed are you, the one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the name of the Lord + +This is a metonym for the Lord's authority. AT: "the authority of the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Blessed is the coming kingdom + +"Blessed is the kingdom that is coming." This refers to Jesus coming and ruling as king. AT: "Blessed be the coming of your kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Blessed is + +"May God bless" + +# of our father David + +Here David's ancestral line is referred to as himself. AT: "of the line of our father David" or "descended from our father David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Hosanna in the highest + +Possible meanings are 1) "Praise God who is in heaven" or 2) "Let those who are in heaven shout 'Hosanna'." + +# the highest + +Here heaven is spoken of as "the highest." AT: "the highest heaven" or "heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/11.md b/mrk/11/11.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0c70658be4 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/11/11.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# the time being late + +"because it was late in the day" + +# he went out to Bethany with the twelve + +"he and his twelve disciples left Jerusalem and went to Bethany" + +# when they returned from Bethany + +"while they were going back to Jerusalem from Bethany" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/13.md b/mrk/11/13.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3436d67d5e --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/11/13.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +This happens while Jesus and his disciples are walking to Jerusalem. + +# if he could find any fruit on it + +"if there was any fruit on it" + +# he found nothing but leaves + +This means that he did not find any figs. AT: "he found only leaves and no figs on the tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# the season + +"the time of year" + +# He spoke to it, "No one will ever eat fruit from you again + +Jesus speaks to the fig tree and curses it. He speaks to it so that his disciples hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# He spoke to it + +"He spoke to the tree" + +# his disciples heard it + +The word "it" refers to Jesus speaking to the fig tree. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/15.md b/mrk/11/15.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1c5e3a0871 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/11/15.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# They came + +"Jesus and his disciples came" + +# began to cast out the sellers and the buyers in the temple + +Jesus is driving these people out of the temple. This can be written clearly. AT: "began to drive the sellers and buyers out of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the sellers and the buyers + +"the people who were buying and selling" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/17.md b/mrk/11/17.md index bbf25fedb5..9758d96096 100644 --- a/mrk/11/17.md +++ b/mrk/11/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## Is it not written,'My house will be called a house of prayer for all the nations' ## +# General Information: -"It is written in the Scriptures that God said, 'I want my house to be called a house where people from all nations may pray', but you bandits have made it like a cave where you can hide! You know that!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +God said ahead of time in his word, through the prophet Isaiah, that his temple would be a house of prayer for all the nations. + +# Is it not written, 'My house will be called ... the nations'? + +Jesus is rebuking the Jewish leaders for their misuse of the temple. This can be written as a statement. AT: "It is written in the scriptures that God said, 'I want my house to be called a house where people from all nations may pray'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But you have made it a den of robbers + +Jesus compares the people to robbers and the temple to a robbers' den. AT: "But you are like robbers who have made my house into a robbers' den" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a den of robbers + +"a cave where robbers hide" + +# they looked for a way + +"they were seeking a way" + +# When evening came + +"In the evening" + +# they left the city + +"Jesus and his disciples left the city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/20.md b/mrk/11/20.md index 6def75d74b..a9236ea258 100644 --- a/mrk/11/20.md +++ b/mrk/11/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## the fig tree withered away to its roots ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "the fig tree dried up to its roots and died." \ No newline at end of file +Jesus uses the example of the fig tree to remind the disciples to have faith in God. + +# walked by + +"were walking along the road" + +# the fig tree withered away to its roots + +Translate this statement to clarify that the tree died. AT: "the fig tree withered away down to its roots and died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# withered away + +"dried up" + +# Peter remembered + +It may be helpful to state what Peter remembered. AT: "Peter remembered what Jesus had said to the fig tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/22.md b/mrk/11/22.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..966533f39b --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/11/22.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Jesus answered them + +"Jesus replied to his disciples" + +# Truly I say to you + +"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. + +# whoever says + +"if anyone says" + +# if he does not doubt in his heart but believes + +Here "not doubt" is a double negative meaning "truly believe." Jesus says it both ways for emphasis. AT: "if he truly believes in his heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# God will do + +"God will make happen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/24.md b/mrk/11/24.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..48061d3965 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/11/24.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Therefore I say to you + +"So I tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# it will be yours + +It is understood that this will happen because God will provide what you ask for. This can be stated clearly. AT: "God will do it for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When you stand and pray + +It is common in Hebrew culture to stand when praying to God. AT: "When you pray" + +# whatever you have against anyone + +"whatever grudge you have against anyone." Here the word "whatever" refers to any grudge you hold against someone for sinning against you or any anger you have against someone. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/27.md b/mrk/11/27.md index 4d9dd53ce0..3998f34aad 100644 --- a/mrk/11/27.md +++ b/mrk/11/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## By what authority do you do these things ## +# Connecting Statement: -The words "these things" refer to Jesus turning over the seller's tables in the temple and speaking against the things they did and taught. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The next day when Jesus returns to temple, he gives the chief priests, scribes, and elders an answer to their question about his casting the money changers out of the temple area, by asking them another question, which they were not willing to answer. -## By what authority do you do these things, and who gave you the authority to do them ## +# They came to -AT: "You do not have authority to do these things because we have not given you authority." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Jesus and his disciples came to" + +# Jesus was walking in the temple + +This means that Jesus was walking around inside of the temple; he was not walking into the temple. + +# They said to him + +The word "They" refers to the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders. + +# By what authority do you do these things, and who gave you the authority to do them? + +Both of these questions have the same meaning and are asked together to strongly question Jesus' authority. They can be combined. AT: "Who gave you authority to do these things?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# you do these things + +The words "these things" refer to Jesus turning over the sellers' tables in the temple and speaking against what the chief priests and scribes taught. AT: "you to do things like those you did here yesterday" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/29.md b/mrk/11/29.md index 016b041abe..3f70d02e78 100644 --- a/mrk/11/29.md +++ b/mrk/11/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## The baptism of John, was it from heaven or from men? ## +# Tell me -Even though Jesus knew the answer to this question, he asked it to test the religious leaders reasons for questioning him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Answer me" + +# The baptism of John + +"The baptism that John performed" + +# was it from heaven or from men + +"was it authorized by heaven or by men" + +# from heaven + +Here "heaven" refers to God. AT: "from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from men + +"from people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/31.md b/mrk/11/31.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b9a0d7faa9 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/11/31.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# If we say, 'From heaven,' + +This refers to the source of the baptism of John. AT: "If we say, 'It was from heaven,'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# From heaven + +Here "heaven" refers to God. See how you translated this in [Mark 11:30](./29.md). AT: "From God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# not believe him + +The word "him" refers to John the Baptist. + +# But if we say, 'From men,' + +This refers to the source of the baptism of John. AT: "But if we say, 'It was from men,'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# From men + +"From people" + +# But if we say, 'From men,' ... . + +The religious leaders imply that they will suffer from the people if they give this answer. AT: "But if we say, 'From men,' that would not be good." or "But we do not want to say that it was from men." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# They were afraid of the people + +The author, Mark, explains why the religious leaders did not want to say that John's baptism was from men. This can be stated clearly. "They said this to each other because they were afraid of the people" or "They did not want to say that John's baptism was from men because they were afraid of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# We do not know + +This refers to the baptism of John. This understood information may be supplied. AT: "We do not know where the baptism of John came from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/11/intro.md b/mrk/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f046dff6ac --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Mark 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Format #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 11:9-10, 17, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Colt ##### + +The way in which Jesus entered into Jerusalem, seated on an animal, was similar to the way a king would have entered into a city after a great victory. It was traditional for the kings of Israel to ride on a donkey. There was also a donkey present with the colt but it is unclear which animal Jesus rode. It is best to translate this as it appears in the ULB without trying to reconcile these two passages. (See:[Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/01.md b/mrk/12/01.md index a0ff5e28d3..fc1d5785b7 100644 --- a/mrk/12/01.md +++ b/mrk/12/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## leased the vineyard ## +# Connecting Statement: -The owner arranged for others to care for the grapes. \ No newline at end of file +Jesus speaks this parable against the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# Then Jesus began to teach them + +The word "them" here refers to the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders to whom Jesus has been talking to in the previous chapter. + +# put a hedge around it + +He put a barrier around the vineyard. It could have been a row of shrubs, a fence, or a stone wall. + +# dug a pit for a winepress + +This means that he carved a pit on the rock, which would be the bottom part of the winepress used for collecting the squeezed grape juice. AT: "carved a pit into rock for the winepress" or "he made a vat to collect the juice from the winepress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# leased the vineyard to vine growers + +This means that the owner of the vineyard arranged for others to care for the grapes. The vine growers would receive a share of the grapes as payment for their work. + +# At the right time + +This refers to the time of harvest. This can be made clear. AT: "When the time came to harvest the grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# But they took him + +"But the vine growers took the servant" + +# with nothing + +This means that they did not give him any of the fruit. AT: "without any grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/04.md b/mrk/12/04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ba5a2f1c8c --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/12/04.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# he sent to them + +"the owner of the vineyard sent to the vine growers" + +# they wounded him in the head + +This can be written more clearly. AT: "they beat that one on the head, and they hurt him terribly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# yet another ... many others + +These phrases refer to other servants. AT: "yet another servant ... many other servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# They treated many others in the same way + +This refers to servants that the owner sent. The phrase "in the same way" refers to them being mistreated. This can be written clearly. AT: "They also mistreated many other servants whom he sent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/06.md b/mrk/12/06.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a08f2cfb4e --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/12/06.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# a beloved son + +It is implied that this is the owner's son. AT: "his beloved son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the heir + +This is the owner's heir, who would inherit the vineyard after his father died. AT: "the owner's heir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the inheritance + +The tenants are referring to the vineyard as "the inheritance." AT: "this vineyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/08.md b/mrk/12/08.md index 45e09bceb4..1ac6578bcf 100644 --- a/mrk/12/08.md +++ b/mrk/12/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Therefore, what will the owner of the vineyard do? ## +# They seized him -AT: "So I will tell you what the owner of the vineyard will do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"The vine growers seized the son" + +# Therefore, what will the owner of the vineyard do? + +Jesus asks a question and then gives the answer to teach the people. The question may be written as a statement. AT: "So I will tell you what the owner of the vineyard will do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Therefore + +Jesus uses this word to mark a shift in his teaching, as he has finished telling the main part of the parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# destroy + +"kill" + +# will give the vineyard to others + +The word "others" refers to other vine growers who will care for the vineyard. AT: "he will give the vineyard to vine growers to care for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/10.md b/mrk/12/10.md index e0af37b183..b5d7916a69 100644 --- a/mrk/12/10.md +++ b/mrk/12/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,35 @@ -## Have you not read this scripture? ## +# General Information: -AT: "Now think carefully about these words, which you have read in the Scriptures:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This scripture was written long before in God's word. + +# Have you not read this scripture? + +Jesus reminds the people of a scripture passage. He uses a rhetorical question here to rebuke them. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Surely you have read this scripture." or "You should remember this scripture." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# has been made the cornerstone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Lord made into the cornerstone" + +# This was from the Lord + +"The Lord has done this" + +# it is marvelous in our eyes + +Here "in our eyes" stands for seeing, which is a metaphor for the people's opinion. AT: "we have seen it and think that it is marvelous" or "we think that it is wonderful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They sought to arrest Jesus + +"They" refers to the chief priests, scribes, and elders. This group may be referred to as the "Jewish leaders" . + +# sought + +"wanted" + +# but they feared the crowd + +They were afraid of what the crowd would do to them if they arrested Jesus. This can be made clear. AT: "but they feared what the crowd would do if they arrested him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# against them + +"to accuse them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/13.md b/mrk/12/13.md index 4de2f5276b..d95da6ff17 100644 --- a/mrk/12/13.md +++ b/mrk/12/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## Why do you test me? ## +# Connecting Statement: -"I know that you are just trying to make me say something wrong for which you can accuse me. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +In an effort to trap Jesus, some of the Pharisees and Herodians, and then the Sadducees, come to Jesus with questions. -## denarius ## +# Then they sent -a coin worth a day's wages. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Then the Jewish leaders sent" + +# the Herodians + +This is the name of an informal political party that supported Herod Antipas. + +# to trap him + +Here the author describes tricking Jesus as "trapping him." AT: "to trick him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# When they came, they said + +Here "they" refers to those sent from among the Pharisees and the Herodians. + +# you care for no one's opinion + +This means that Jesus is not concerned. The negation can modify the verb instead. AT: "you do not care about people's opinions" or "you are not concerned with earning people's favor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Jesus knew their hypocrisy + +They were acting hypocritically. This can be explained more clearly. AT: "Jesus knew that they did not really want to know what God wanted them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Why do you test me? + +Jesus rebukes the Jewish leaders because they were trying to trick him. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I know you are trying to make me say something wrong so you can accuse me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# denarius + +This coin was worth a day's wages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/16.md b/mrk/12/16.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e8e8a31495 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/12/16.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# They brought one + +"The Pharisees and the Herodians brought a denarius" + +# likeness and inscription + +"picture and name" + +# They said, "Caesar's + +Here "Caesar's" refers to his likeness and inscription. AT: "They said, 'They are Caesar's likeness and inscription'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Give to Caesar the things that are Caesar's + +Jesus is teaching that his people must respect the government by paying taxes. This figure of speech can be clarified by changing Caesar to Roman government. AT: "Give to the Roman government the things that belong to the Roman government" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# and to God + +The understood verb may be supplied. AT: "and give to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# They marveled at him + +They were amazed at what Jesus had said. This can be made explicit. AT: "They marveled at him and at what he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/18.md b/mrk/12/18.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f19281cd16 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/12/18.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# who say there is no resurrection + +This phrase explains who the Sadducees were. This can be written more clearly. AT: "who say there is no resurrection from the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Moses wrote for us, 'If a man's brother dies + +The Sadducees are quoting what Moses had written in the law. Moses' quote can be expressed as an indirect quote. AT: "Moses wrote for us that if a man's brother dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# wrote for us + +"wrote for us Jews." The Sadducees were a group of Jews. Here they use the word "us" to refer to themselves and all Jews. + +# the man should take the brother's wife + +"the man should marry his brother's wife" + +# have children for his brother + +This means the children will be considered the dead brother's descendants. This can be made explicit. AT: "have children for his brother who will be considered his descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/20.md b/mrk/12/20.md index 7de7ecd4ef..055b7c4970 100644 --- a/mrk/12/20.md +++ b/mrk/12/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## In the resurrection, when they rise again, whose wife will she be? ## +# There were seven brothers -AT: "In the resurrection, when they rise again, she can't possibly be the wife of all seven brothers!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The Sadducees propose a scenario to test Jesus. This is a hypothetical situation. AT: "Suppose there were seven brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# the first ... the second ... the third + +These numbers refer to each of the brothers and can be expressed as such. AT: "the first brother ... the second brother ... the third brother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# The seven + +This refers to all the brothers. AT: "The seven brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the first took a wife ... the second took her + +"the first married a woman ... the second married her." Here marrying a woman is spoken of as "taking" her. + +# the third likewise + +It may be helpful to explain what "likewise" means. AT: "the third brother married her as his other bothers did, and he also died leaving no children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The seven left no children + +Each of the brothers married the woman and then died before he had any children with her. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Eventually all seven brothers married that woman one by one, but none of them had any children with her, and one by one they died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# In the resurrection, when they rise again, whose wife will she be? + +The Sadducees are testing Jesus by asking this question. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Now tell us whose wife she will be in the resurrection, when they all rise again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/24.md b/mrk/12/24.md index 502cc4a50f..8744438cbb 100644 --- a/mrk/12/24.md +++ b/mrk/12/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## Is this not the reason you are mistaken…power of God? ## +# Is this not the reason you are mistaken ... power of God? -AT: "You are mistaken because…power of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus rebukes the Sadducees because they are mistaken about God's law. This may be written as a statement. AT: "You are mistaken because ... power of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you do not know the scriptures + +This means that they do not understand what is written in the Old Testament scriptures. + +# the power of God + +"how powerful God is" + +# For when they rise + +Here the word "they" refers to the brothers and the woman from the example. + +# rise from the dead ones + +This means to become alive again. The phrase "the dead ones" refers to "dead people" and is a metaphor for being dead. AT: "are risen from being dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they neither marry nor are given in marriage + +"they do not marry, and they are not given in marriage" + +# are given in marriage + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they do not marry, and no one gives them in marriage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# heaven + +This refers to the place where God lives. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/26.md b/mrk/12/26.md index d7af421c25..decbb964c8 100644 --- a/mrk/12/26.md +++ b/mrk/12/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,39 @@ -## they are raised ## +# that are raised -"God raises them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The missing information may be added. AT: "who are raised from being dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The Book of Moses + +"the book that Moses wrote" + +# the account about the bush + +This refers to the part of the Book of Moses that tells about when God spoke to Moses out of a bush that was burning but that did not burn up. AT: "the passage about the burning bush" or "the words about the fiery bush" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the bush + +This refers to a shrub, a woody plant that is smaller than a tree. + +# how God spoke to him + +"about when God spoke to Moses" + +# I am the God of Abraham ... Isaac ... Jacob + +This means that Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob worship God. These men have died physically, but they are still alive spiritually and still worship God. + +# of the dead, but of the living + +Here "the dead" refers to people who are dead and "the living" refers to people who are alive. Also, the understood information may be supplied. AT: "of people who are dead, but the God of people who are alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the living + +This includes people who are alive physically and spiritually. + +# You are quite mistaken + +It may be helpful to state what they are mistaken about. AT: "When you say that dead people do not rise again, you are quite mistaken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# quite mistaken + +"completely mistaken" or "very wrong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/28.md b/mrk/12/28.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7ab960d353 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/12/28.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# He asked him + +"The scribe asked Jesus" + +# the most important of all ... The most important is + +"The most important" refer to the most important commandment. AT: "the most important commandment of all ... The most important commandment says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Hear, Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one + +"Listen, O Israel! The Lord our God is one Lord" + +# with all your heart, with all your soul + +The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all ... being." See how you translated these two phrases in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../../deu/04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with all your mind + +The mind is what people use to think. + +# love your neighbor as yourself + +Jesus uses this simile to compare how people are to love each other with the same love as they love themselves. AT: "love your neighbor as much as you love yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# than these + +Here the word "these" refers to the two commandments that Jesus had just told the people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/32.md b/mrk/12/32.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f53d36e284 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/12/32.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# Good + +"Good answer" + +# God is one + +This means that there is only one God. AT: "there is only one God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# that there is no other + +The word "God" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "that there is no other God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# with all the heart ... all the understanding ... all the strength + +The "heart" is a metaphor for a person's inner being and his desires and feelings. "Understanding" refers to a person's thinking, and "strength" refers to a person's strength to do things. AT: "in all that we want and feel, in all that we think, and in all that we do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the heart ... the understanding ... the strength + +The word "the" is placed in these ellipses where the word "your" has been left out. It may be added. AT: "your heart ... your mind ... your strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to love one's neighbor as oneself + +This simile compares how people are to love each other with the same love that they love themselves. AT: "to love your neighbor as much as you love yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# is even more than + +This idiom means that something is more important than something else. In this case, these two commandments are more pleasing to God that burnt offering and sacrifices. This may be written clearly. AT: "is even more important than" or "is even more pleasing to God than" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You are not far from the kingdom of God + +This can be stated in positive form. Here Jesus speaks of the man being ready to submit to God as king as being physically close to the kingdom of God, as if it where a physical place. AT: "You are close to submitting to God as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# no one dared + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "everyone was afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/35.md b/mrk/12/35.md index 87d85b4045..c2680784ba 100644 --- a/mrk/12/35.md +++ b/mrk/12/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,39 @@ -## How is it that the scribes say the Christ is the son of David? ## +# Jesus responded, while he was teaching in the temple; he said -AT: "These men who teach the Jewish laws, they must be wrong when they say that the Christ is merely a human descendant of King David! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Some time has passed and Jesus is now in the temple. This is not part of the previous conversation. AT: "Later, while Jesus was teaching in the temple area, he said to the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## son of David ## +# How is it that the scribes say the Christ is the son of David? -The word “son” is used here to refer to a descendant. +Jesus uses this question to get the people to think deeply about the Psalm he is about to quote. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Consider why the scribes say the Christ is the son of David." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## so how is he David's son? ## +# the son of David -AT: "so he cannot be David's son!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"a descendant of David" + +# David himself + +This word "himself" refers to David and is used to place emphasis on him and what he said. AT: "It was David who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# in the Holy Spirit + +This means that he was inspired by the Holy Spirit, that is, the Holy Spirit directed David in what he said. AT: "inspired by the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# said, 'The Lord said to my Lord + +Here David calls God "The Lord" and calls the Christ "my Lord." This can be written more clearly. AT: "said about the Christ, 'The Lord God said to my Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool + +This is a quote within the psalm that Jesus is quoting. Here God is speaking to the Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) + +# until I make your enemies your footstool + +In this quote, God speaks of defeating enemies as making them into a footstool. AT: "until I completely defeat your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# calls him 'Lord,' + +Here the word "him" refers to the Christ. + +# so how can the Christ be David's son? + +This can be written as a statement. AT: "so consider how the Christ can be a descendant of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/38.md b/mrk/12/38.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7cf27b2269 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/12/38.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# the greetings they receive in the marketplaces + +The noun "greetings" can be expressed with the verb "greet." These greetings showed that the people respected the scribes. AT: "and to be greeted respectfully in the marketplaces" or "and for people to greet them respectfully in the marketplaces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They also devour widows' houses + +Here Jesus describes the scribes cheating widows and stealing their houses as "devouring" their houses. AT: "They also cheat widows in order to steal their houses from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# These men will receive greater condemnation + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will certainly punish them with greater condemnation" or "God will certainly punish them severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will receive greater condemnation + +The word "greater" implies a comparison. Here the comparison is to other men who are punished. AT: "will receive greater condemnation than other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/41.md b/mrk/12/41.md index fe3b8154a0..0046f5a268 100644 --- a/mrk/12/41.md +++ b/mrk/12/41.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## two mites ## +# Connecting Statement: -"two small coins" - the least valuable of coins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file +Still in the temple area, Jesus comments on the value of the widow's offering. + +# an offering box + +This box was a collection box for the temple offering for all the people. + +# two mites + +"two small copper coins." These were the least valuable coins available. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# worth about a penny + +"worth very little." A penny is worth very little. Translate "penny" with the name of the smallest coin in your language if you have one that is worth very little. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/43.md b/mrk/12/43.md index 16d4bdeaf3..6eaee667dd 100644 --- a/mrk/12/43.md +++ b/mrk/12/43.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## "Truly I say to you." ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Mark 11:22](../11/22.md). +The UDB uses a verse bridge to combine verses 42 and 43, giving the information Jesus is telling them in a order that is easier to understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## the offering box ## +# He called -This box was the collection box for the temple offering for all the people. +"Jesus called" -## abundance ## +# Truly I say to you -"plenty" +This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in [Mark 3:28](../03/28.md). -## poverty ## +# all of them who contributed to -"lack" or "poorness" \ No newline at end of file +"all of the people who put money into" + +# abundance + +"plenty." This refers to their wealth. + +# her poverty + +"lack" or "the little she had" + +# to live on + +"to survive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/12/intro.md b/mrk/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..98c5d9229f --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Mark 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and Format #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:10-11,36, 17, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Hypothetical Situations ##### +Jesus uses hypothetical situations when he tries to teach people. The Pharisees also use hypothetical situations to try to trap Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/01.md b/mrk/13/01.md index 0c36bdb359..a22e00884d 100644 --- a/mrk/13/01.md +++ b/mrk/13/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Do you see these great buildings? ## +# General Information: -AT: "You can see how great these buildings are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +As they leave the temple area, Jesus tells his disciples what will happen in the future to the wonderful temple that Herod the Great has built. + +# the wonderful stones and wonderful buildings + +The "stones" refer to the stones that the buildings were built with. AT: "the wonderful buildings and the wonderful stones that they are made of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Do you see these great buildings? Not one stone + +This question is used to draw attention to the buildings. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Look at these great buildings! Not one stone" or "You see these great buildings now, but not one stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Not one stone will be left on another which will not be torn down + +It is implied that enemy soldiers will tear down the stones. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Not one stone will remain on top of another, for enemy soldiers will come and destroy these buildings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/03.md b/mrk/13/03.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f587e4eb27 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/13/03.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +In answer to the disciples' questions about the temple's destruction and what was going to happen, Jesus tells them what was going to take place in the future. + +# As he sat on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple, Peter + +It can be expressed clearly that Jesus and his disciples had walked to the Mount of Olives. AT: "After arriving at the Mount of Olives, which is opposite the temple, Jesus sat down. Then Peter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# privately + +"when they were alone" + +# these things happen ... are about to happen + +This refers to what Jesus had just said will happen to the stones of the temple. This can be made clear. AT: "these things happen to the buildings of the temple ... are about to happen to the temple buildings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# when all these things + +"that all these things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/05.md b/mrk/13/05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..425b3bbdc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/13/05.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# to them + +"to his disciples" + +# leads you astray + +Jesus is warning his disciples not to be deceived by anyone about what will happen. Here "lead astray" is a metaphor for deceive. AT: "deceives you concerning what will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in my name + +Possible meanings are 1) AT: "claiming my authority" or 2) "claiming that God sent them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I am he + +"I am the Christ" + +# will lead many astray + +Here "lead astray" is a metaphor meaning deceive. AT: "will deceive many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/07.md b/mrk/13/07.md index c915359e11..ab7453c860 100644 --- a/mrk/13/07.md +++ b/mrk/13/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## rumors ## +# hear of wars and rumors of wars -"heresay" or "gossip" \ No newline at end of file +"hear of wars and reports about wars." Possible meanings are 1) "hear the sounds of wars close by and news of wars far away" or 2) "hear of wars that have started and reports about wars that are about to start" + +# but the end is not yet + +"but it is not yet the end" or "but the end will not happen until later" or "but the end will be later" + +# the end + +This probably refers to the end of the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will rise against + +This idiom means to fight against one another. AT: "will fight against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# kingdom against kingdom + +The words "will rise" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "kingdom will rise against kingdom" or "the people of one kingdom will fight against the people of another kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# These are the beginnings of birth pains + +Jesus speaks of these disasters as the beginnings of birth pains because more severe things will happen after them. AT: "These events will be like the first pains a woman suffers when she is about to bear a child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/09.md b/mrk/13/09.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5044357036 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/13/09.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Be on your guard + +"Be ready for what people will do to you" + +# deliver you up to + +This means to arrest someone and then put them under someone else's control. AT: "arrest you and give you over to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will be beaten + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will beat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will stand before + +This means to be put on trial and judged. AT: "You will be put on trial before" or "You will be brought to trial and judged by" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for my sake + +"because of me" or "on account of me" + +# as a testimony to them + +This means they will testify about Jesus. This can be made clear. AT: "and testify to them about me" or "and you will tell them about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# But the gospel must first be proclaimed to all the nations + +Jesus is still speaking about things that must happen before the end comes. This can be made clear. AT: "But the gospel must first be proclaimed to all the nations before the end will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/11.md b/mrk/13/11.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d70122fb38 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/13/11.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +# hand you over + +Here this means to put people under the control of the authorities. AT: "give you over to the authorities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# but the Holy Spirit + +The words "will speak" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "but the Holy Spirit will speak through you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Brother will deliver up brother to death + +This means that some people will betray their bothers, and this betrayal will cause their brothers to be killed. AT: "Brother will betray their brothers, handing them over to be put to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Brother ... brother + +This refers to both brothers and sisters. AT: "People ... their siblings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# a father his child + +The words "will deliver up to death" are understood from the previous phrase. This means that some fathers will betray their children, and this betrayal will cause their children to be killed. AT: "fathers will deliver up their children to death" or "fathers will betray their children, handing them over to be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Children will rise up against their parents + +This means that children will oppose their parents and betray them. AT: "Children will oppose their parents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# cause them to be put to death + +This means that the authorities will sentence the parents to be put to death. This can be stated in active form. AT: "cause the authorities to sentence the parents to die" or "the authorities will kill the parents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You will be hated by everyone + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Everyone will hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because of my name + +Jesus uses the metonym "my name" to refer to himself. AT: "because of me" or "because you believe in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whoever endures to the end, that person will be saved + +This may be stated in active form. AT: "whoever endures to the end, God will save that person" or "God will save whoever endures to the end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whoever endures to the end + +Here "endures" represents continuing to be faithful to God even while suffering. AT: "whoever suffers and stays faithful to God to the end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to the end + +Possible meanings are 1) "to the end of his life" or 2) "to the end of that time of trouble" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/14.md b/mrk/13/14.md index 12cb61f22f..dd21883f34 100644 --- a/mrk/13/14.md +++ b/mrk/13/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## abomination of desolation ## +# the abomination of desolation -"detestable idolatry" or "evil worthlessness" \ No newline at end of file +This phrase is from the book of Daniel. His audience would have been familiar with this passage and the prophesy about the abomination entering the temple and defiling it. AT: "the shameful thing that defiles the things of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# standing where it should not be standing + +Jesus' audience would have known that this refers to the temple. This can be made explicit. AT: "standing in the temple where it should not be standing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let the reader understand + +This is not Jesus speaking. Matthew added this to get the readers' attention, so that they would listen to this warning. AT: "may everyone who is reading this pay attention to this warning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# on the housetop + +Housetops where Jesus lived were flat, and people could stand on them. + +# not return + +This refers to returning to his house. This can be made explicit. AT: "not return to his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to take his cloak + +"to get his cloak" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/17.md b/mrk/13/17.md index 92d2c60b4e..6a6f8bca77 100644 --- a/mrk/13/17.md +++ b/mrk/13/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,35 @@ -## the elect, those he chose ## +# are with child -The phrase "those he chose" means the same thing as "the elect." Together, they emphasize God's choice of these people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite way to say that someone is pregnant. AT: "are pregnant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Pray that it + +"Pray that these times" or "Pray that these things" + +# winter + +"the cold season" or "the cold, rainy season." This refers to the time of year when it is cold and unpleasant and difficult to travel. + +# such as has not been + +"greater than there has ever been." This describes how great and terrible the tribulation will be. There has never been a tribulation as terrible as this one will be. + +# no, nor ever will be again + +"and greater than there will ever be again" or "and after that tribulation, there will never again be a tribulation like it" + +# had shortened the days + +"had shortened the time." It may be helpful to specify which "days" are referred to. AT: "had reduced the days of suffering" or "had shortened the time of suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# no flesh would be saved + +The word "flesh" refers to people, and "saved" refers to physical salvation. AT: "no one would be saved" or "everyone would die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for the sake of the elect + +"in order to help the elect" + +# the elect, those whom he chose + +The phrase "those whom he chose" means the same thing as "the elect." Together, they emphasize that God chose these people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/21.md b/mrk/13/21.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f6806bd419 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/13/21.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + +The UDB uses a verse bridge to combine verses 21 and 22, giving the information Jesus is telling them in an order that may be easier to understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# false Christs + +"people who claim they are Christ" + +# so as to deceive + +"in order to deceive" or "hoping to deceive" or "trying to deceive" + +# so as to deceive, if possible, even the elect + +The phrase "even the elect" implies that the false Christs and false prophets will expect to deceive some people, but they will not know if they will be able to deceive the elect. AT: "in order to deceive people, and even deceive the elect, if that is possible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the elect + +"the people whom God has chosen" + +# Be on guard + +"Be watchful" or "Be alert" + +# I have told you all these things ahead of time + +Jesus told them these things to warn them. AT: "I have told you all these things ahead of time to warn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/24.md b/mrk/13/24.md index dad1bcccd3..2d00d3bf17 100644 --- a/mrk/13/24.md +++ b/mrk/13/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,43 @@ -## the sun will be darkened ## +# the sun will be darkened -"God will make the sun dark." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sun will become dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the powers that are in the heavens will be shaken ## +# the moon will not give its light -"God will shake the powers that are in the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the moon is spoken of as if it were alive and able to give something to someone else. AT: "the moon will not glow" or "the moon will be dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the stars will fall from the sky + +This does not mean that they will fall to earth but that they will fall from where the are now. AT: "the stars will fall from their places in the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the powers that are in the heavens will be shaken + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the powers in the heavens will shake" or "God will shake the powers that are in the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the powers that are in the heavens + +"the powerful things in the heavens." Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the sun, moon, and stars or 2) this refers to powerful spiritual beings + +# in the heavens + +"in the sky" + +# Then they will see + +"Then people will see" + +# with great power and glory + +"powerfully and gloriously" + +# he will gather + +The word "he" refers to God and is a metonym for his angels, as they are the ones who will gather the elect. AT: "they will gather" or "his angels will gather" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the four winds + +The whole earth is spoken of as "the four winds," which refer to the four directions: north, south, east, and west. AT: "the north, south, east, and west" or "all parts of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the ends of the earth to the ends of the sky + +These two extremes are given to emphasize that the elect will be gathered from the entire earth. AT: "from every place on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/28.md b/mrk/13/28.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d12df66b3d --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/13/28.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus gives two short parables here to remind people to be aware when the things that he has been explaining happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# the branch becomes tender + +The phrase "the branch" refers to the branches of the fig tree. AT: "its branches become tender" + +# tender + +"green and soft" + +# puts out its leaves + +Here the fig tree is spoken of as if it were alive and able to willingly cause its leaves to grow. AT: "its leaves begin to sprout" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# summer + +the warm part of the year or the growing season + +# these things + +This refers to the days of tribulation. AT: "these things I have just described" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he is near + +"the Son of Man is near" + +# close to the gates + +This idiom means that he is very near and has almost arrived, referring to a traveler being close to arriving at the city gates. AT: "and is almost here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/30.md b/mrk/13/30.md index f9887746ab..d138579acd 100644 --- a/mrk/13/30.md +++ b/mrk/13/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,39 @@ -## Truly I say to you ## +# Truly, I say to you -Jesus is emphasizing that everything he is teaching them will really happen, just the way he says it will. +This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in [Mark 3:28](../03/28.md). -## pass away ## +# will not pass away -"end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite way to talk about someone dying. AT: "will not die" or "will not end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# until all of these things + +The phrase "these things" refers to the days of tribulation. + +# Heaven and earth + +The two extremes are given to refer to all of the sky, including the sun, moon, stars, and planets, and all of the earth. AT: "The sky, the earth, and everything in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# will pass away + +"will cease to exist." Here this phrase refers to the world ending. + +# my words will never pass away + +Jesus speaks of words not losing their power as if they were something that will never physically die. AT: "my words will never lose their power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that day or that hour + +This refers to the time that the Son of Man will return. AT: "that day or that hour that the Son of Man will return" or "the day or the hour that I will return" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son + +These are listed among those who do not know when the Son of Man will return. AT: "not even the angels in heaven or the Son know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the angels in heaven + +Here "heaven" refers to the place where God lives. + +# but the Father + +It is best to translate "Father" with the same word that your language naturally uses to refer to a human father. Also, this is an ellipsis, stating that the Father knows when the Son will return. AT: "but only the Father knows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/33.md b/mrk/13/33.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..affc2abedf --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/13/33.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# what time it is + +It can be stated clearly what "time" refers to here. AT: "when that time will come when all these events will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# each one with his work + +"telling each one what work he should do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/35.md b/mrk/13/35.md index 89a14f0061..4c305f8317 100644 --- a/mrk/13/35.md +++ b/mrk/13/35.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## rooster ## +# it could be in the evening -normally, the first bird to call out in the morning. +"he could return in the evening" -## crows ## +# rooster crows -"squawks" or "cackles" \ No newline at end of file +The rooster is a bird that calls out very early in the morning. The loud sound he makes is "crowing." + +# find you sleeping + +Here Jesus speaks of not being ready as "sleeping." AT: "find you not ready for his return" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/13/intro.md b/mrk/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f7a9e638d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Mark 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and format #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 13:24-25, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +There is a large section in this chapter which explains the circumstances surrounding the return of Christ (see: [Mark 13:6-37](./05.md)). It would have been natural for people to worry about this event happening because of the judgment associated with it. Jesus assures them that the time of judgment has not yet come. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "I am he" ##### +Before Jesus actually returns, many people will claim to be the returning Christ. But Jesus' return will be obvious to all. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/01.md b/mrk/14/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dc5e00068f --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/14/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Just two days before the Passover, the chief priests and scribes are secretly plotting to kill Jesus. + +# stealthily + +without people noticing + +# For they were saying + +The word "they" refers to the chief priests and the scribes. + +# Not during the feast + +This refers to them not arresting Jesus during the feast. AT: "We must not do it during the feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/03.md b/mrk/14/03.md index 89ca2b9f22..935c1f7e33 100644 --- a/mrk/14/03.md +++ b/mrk/14/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## Simon the leper ## +# Connecting Statement: -This man previously had leprosy but was no longer ill. +Though some were angry that the oil was used to anoint Jesus, Jesus says that the woman has anointed his body for burial before he will die. -## alabaster ## +# Simon the leper -This is a soft, "white stone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +This man previously had leprosy but was no longer ill. This is a different man than Simon Peter and Simon the Zealot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## What is the reason for this waste? ## +# he was reclining at the table -AT: "There is no good reason to waste such expensive perfume." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +In Jesus' culture, when people gathered to eat, they reclined on their sides, propping themselves up on pillows beside a low table. -## This perfume could have been sold ## +# alabaster jar -"We could have sold this perfume" or "She could have sold this perfume (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a jar made from alabaster. Alabaster was a very expensive yellow-white stone. AT: "beautiful white stone jar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# of very costly liquid, which was pure nard + +"that contained expensive, fragrant perfume called nard." Nard was a very expensive, sweet-smelling oil used to make perfume. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# on his head + +"on Jesus' head" + +# What is the reason for this waste? + +They asked this question to show that they disapproved of the woman pouring the perfume on Jesus. This can be written as a statement. AT: "It is terrible that she wasted that perfume!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# This perfume could have been sold + +Mark wants to show his readers that those present were more concerned about money. This can be stated in active form. AT: "We could have sold this perfume" or "She could have sold this perfume" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# three hundred denarii + +"300 denarii." Denarii are Roman silver coins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# given to the poor + +The phrase "the poor" refers to poor people. This refers to giving the money from the sale of the perfume to the poor. AT: "the money given to poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/06.md b/mrk/14/06.md index 525c12a98a..60afab713e 100644 --- a/mrk/14/06.md +++ b/mrk/14/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Why are you troubling her? ## +# Why are you troubling her? -AT: "You should not trouble her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus rebukes the guests for questioning this woman's action. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not trouble her!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the poor + +This refers to poor people. AT: "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in [Mark 3:28](../03/28.md). + +# wherever the gospel is preached + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "wherever my followers preach the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# what this woman has done will be spoken of + +"what this woman has done will also be spoken of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/10.md b/mrk/14/10.md index 2f69468ea7..aa2806539a 100644 --- a/mrk/14/10.md +++ b/mrk/14/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Judas Iscariot ## +# Connecting Statement: -See how you translated this in [Mark 3:17](../03/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +After the woman anoints Jesus with perfume, Judas promises to deliver Jesus to the chief priests. + +# so that he might deliver him over to them + +Judas did not deliver Jesus over to them yet, rather he went to make arrangements with them. AT: "in order to arrange with them to deliver Jesus to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# When the chief priests heard it + +It may be helpful to state clearly what the chief priests heard. AT: "When the chief priests heard what he was willing to do for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/12.md b/mrk/14/12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fbd8e155fb --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/14/12.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus sends two of the disciples to prepare the Passover meal. + +# when they sacrificed the Passover lamb + +At the beginning of the Festival of Unleavened Bread, it was customary to sacrifice a lamb. AT: "when it was customary to sacrifice the Passover lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# bearing a pitcher of water + +"carrying a large jar full of water" + +# The Teacher says, "Where is my guest room ... with my disciples?" + +This can be written as an indirect quote. Translate this so that it is a polite request. AT: "Our Teacher would like to know where the guest room is where he may eat the Passover with his disciples." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# guest room + +a room for visitors + +# eat the Passover + +Here the "Passover" refers to the Passover meal. AT: "eat the Passover meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/15.md b/mrk/14/15.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9bae3d5ca2 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/14/15.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Make the preparations for us there + +They were to prepare the meal for Jesus and his disciples to eat. AT: "Prepare the meal for us there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The disciples left + +"The two disciples left" + +# as he had said + +"as Jesus had said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/17.md b/mrk/14/17.md index 21e64a8a2c..8292af76de 100644 --- a/mrk/14/17.md +++ b/mrk/14/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## reclining at the table ## +# Connecting Statement: -It was the custom to have low tables with cushions where guests would sit forward in a half-lying position at the table during a dinner party. +That evening as Jesus and the disciples eat the Passover meal, Jesus tells them that one of them will betray him. -## one by one ## +# he came with the twelve + +It may be helpful to state where they came to. AT: "he came with the twelve to the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# lying down at the table + +In Jesus' culture, when people gathered to eat, they lay down on their sides, propping themselves up on pillows beside a low table. + +# Truly I say to you + +This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in [Mark 3:28](../03/28.md). + +# one by one This means that "one at a time" each disciple asked him. -## Surely not I ## +# Surely not I -"Surely, it won't be I who helps your enemies to arrest you!" See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) this was a question for which the disciples expected the answer to be "No" or 2) this was a rhetorical question that did not require a response. AT: "Surely, I am not the one who will betray you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/20.md b/mrk/14/20.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a93eede5c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/14/20.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# It is one of the twelve, the one now + +"He is one of the twelve of you, the one now" + +# dipping bread with me in the bowl + +In Jesus' culture, people would often eat bread, dipping it in a shared bowl of sauce or of oil mixed with herbs. + +# For the Son of Man will go the way that the scripture says about him + +Here Jesus refers to the scriptures prophesying about his death. If you have a polite way to talk about death in your language, use it here. AT: "For the Son of Man will die in the way that the scriptures say" + +# through whom the Son of Man is betrayed + +This can be stated more directly. AT: "who betrays the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/22.md b/mrk/14/22.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..433a77b066 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/14/22.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# bread + +This was a flat loaf of unleavened bread, which was eaten as part of the Passover meal. + +# broke it + +This means that he broke the bread into pieces for the people to eat. AT: "broke it into pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Take this. This is my body + +"Take this bread. It is my body." Though most understand this to mean that the bread is a symbol of Jesus' body and that it is not actual flesh, it is best to translate this statement literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# He took a cup + +Here "cup" is a metonym for wine. AT: "He took the cup of wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# This is my blood of the covenant, the blood that is poured out for many + +The covenant is for the forgiveness of sins. This can be written more explicitly. AT: "This is my blood that confirms the covenant, the blood that is poured out so that many may receive the forgiveness of sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# This is my blood + +"This wine is my blood." Though most understand this to mean that the wine is a symbol of Jesus' blood and that it is not actual blood, it is best to translate this statement literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# Truly I say to you + +This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in [Mark 3:28](../03/28.md). + +# fruit of the vine + +"wine." This is a descriptive way to refer to wine. + +# new + +Possible meanings are 1) "again" or 2) "in a new way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/26.md b/mrk/14/26.md index 290072f48a..8f3a1ffd15 100644 --- a/mrk/14/26.md +++ b/mrk/14/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## hymn ## +# hymn -A hymn is a type of song. It was traditional for them to sing an Old Testament Psalm at this point. \ No newline at end of file +A hymn is a type of song. It was traditional for them to sing an Old Testament psalm. + +# Jesus said to them + +"Jesus said to his disciples" + +# will fall away + +This is an idiom that means leave. AT: "will leave me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will strike + +"kill." Here "I" refers to God. + +# the sheep will be scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will scatter the sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/28.md b/mrk/14/28.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d363d4320d --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/14/28.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Jesus clearly tells Peter he will deny him. Peter and all of the disciples are certain they will not deny Jesus. + +# I am raised up + +This means that God will raise Jesus from the dead. This can be written in active form. AT: "God raises me from the dead" or "God makes me alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will go ahead of you + +"I will go before you" + +# Even if all fall away, I will not + +"I will not" can be fully expressed as "I will not fall away." The phrase "not fall away" is a double negative and carries a positive meaning. This can be expressed in the positive if needed. AT: "Even if everyone else leaves you, I will stay with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/30.md b/mrk/14/30.md index 8c5a2e5e49..409d83670e 100644 --- a/mrk/14/30.md +++ b/mrk/14/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Truly I say to you ## +# Truly I say to you -See how you translated this in [Mark 11:22](../11/22.md). +This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in [Mark 3:28](../03/28.md). -## deny me ## +# rooster crows -"say that you do not know me" \ No newline at end of file +The rooster is a bird that calls out very early in the morning. The loud sound he makes is "crowing." + +# twice + +"two times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# you will deny me + +"you will say that you do not know me" + +# If I must die + +"Even if I must die" + +# They all made the same promise + +This means that all of the disciples said the same thing that Peter said. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/32.md b/mrk/14/32.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..282c6a47b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/14/32.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +When they go to Gethsemane on the Mount of Olives, Jesus encourages three of his disciples to stay awake while he prays. Twice he awakens them, and the third time he tells them to wake up because it is time for the betrayal. + +# They came to the place + +The word "they" refers to Jesus and his disciples. + +# distressed + +overwhelmed with sorrow + +# deeply troubled + +The word "deeply" refers to Jesus being greatly troubled in his soul. AT: "extremely troubled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My soul is + +Jesus speaks of himself as his "soul." AT: "I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# even to the point of death + +Jesus is exaggerating because he feels so much distress and sorrow that he feels like he is about to die, though he knows he will not die until after the sun rises. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# watch + +The disciples were to stay alert while Jesus prayed. This does not mean that they were supposed to watch Jesus pray. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/35.md b/mrk/14/35.md index a4482864b6..f29b95d5c9 100644 --- a/mrk/14/35.md +++ b/mrk/14/35.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -At Gethsemane on the Mount of Olives Jesus has left Peter, James, and John to stay alert to pray. +# if it were possible -## this hour might pass ## +This means that if God would allow it to happen. AT: "if God would allow it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"he might be strengthened to endure the suffering he was experiencing" +# this hour might pass -## Abba ## +Here "this hour" refers to Jesus' time of suffering, both now in the garden and later. AT: "that he would not have to go through this time of suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"Abba" is a Greek term that is used by children to address their father. It implies a close relationship. Since it already addresses Father, it might be important to keep the Greek term, "Abba." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# Abba -## Remove this cup from me ## +"Abba" is a Greek term used by children to address their father. It implies a close relationship. Since it is followed by "Father," it is best to keep the Greek term "Abba" as is in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -The cup refers to the wrath of God Jesus must endure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Remove this cup from me + +Jesus speaks of the suffering that he must endure as if it were a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But not my will, but yours + +Jesus is asking God to do what he wants to be done and not what Jesus wants. AT: "But do not do what I want, do what you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/37.md b/mrk/14/37.md index b62bfc3571..0cb4d2d8c6 100644 --- a/mrk/14/37.md +++ b/mrk/14/37.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Jesus continues with his disciples, except for Judas, in the Garden of Gethsemane. +# found them sleeping -## and found them sleeping ## +The word "them" refers to Peter, James, and John. -"and found Peter, James, and John sleeping" +# Simon, are you asleep? Could you not watch for one hour? -## Simon, are you asleep ## +Jesus rebukes Simon Peter for sleeping. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Simon, you are asleep when I told you to stay awake. You could not even stay awake for one hour." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"Simon, you are asleep when I told you to stay awake" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# that you do not enter into temptation -## Could you not watch ## +Jesus speaks of being tempted as if it were entering into a physical place. AT: "that you are not tempted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"You could not even stay awake" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak -## The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak ## +Jesus warns Simon Peter that he is not strong enough to do what he wants to do in his own strength. AT: "You are willing in your spirit, but you are too weak to do what you want to do" or "You want to do what I say, but you are weak" -"Your body cannot do want your mind wants you to do." +# The spirit ... the flesh -## flesh ## +These refer to two different aspects of Peter. "The spirit" is his inmost desires. "The flesh" is his human ability and strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# used the same words + +"prayed again what he prayed before" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/40.md b/mrk/14/40.md index db269e4a0d..acb622d866 100644 --- a/mrk/14/40.md +++ b/mrk/14/40.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Jesus continues with his disciples, except for Judas, in the Garden of Gethsemane. +# found them sleeping -## found them sleeping ## +The word "them" refers to Peter, James, and John. -"found Peter, John, and James sleeping" +# for their eyes were heavy -## Are you still sleeping and taking your rest ## +Here the author speaks of a sleepy person having a hard time keeping his eyes open as having "heavy eyes." AT: "for they were so sleepy they were having a hard time keeping their eyes open" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "You are still sleeping! You are resting!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# He came the third time + +Jesus had gone and prayed again. Then he returned to them a third time. This can be made clear. AT: "Then he went and prayed again. He returned the third time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Are you still sleeping and taking your rest? + +Jesus rebukes his disciples for not staying awake and praying. You can translate this rhetorical question as a statement if needed. AT: "You are still sleeping and resting!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# The hour has come + +The time of Jesus' suffering and betrayal is about to begin. + +# Look! + +"Listen!" + +# The Son of Man is being betrayed + +Jesus warns his disciples that his betrayer is approaching them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I, the Son of Man, am being betrayed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/43.md b/mrk/14/43.md index 6423d62ea8..c17e4aba8a 100644 --- a/mrk/14/43.md +++ b/mrk/14/43.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -Jesus was still with his disciples, except for Judas, in the Garden of Gethsemane. +# Connecting Statement: -## laid hands on ## +Judas betrays Jesus with a kiss, and the disciples all flee. -"grabbed" \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Verse 44 gives background information about how Judas had arranged with the Jewish leaders to betray Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Now his betrayer + +This refers to Judas. + +# he is the one + +Here "the one" refers to the man that Judas was going to identify. AT: "he is the one you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he kissed him + +"Judas kissed him" + +# laid hands on him and seized him + +These two phrases have the same meaning to emphasize that they seized Jesus. AT: "grabbed Jesus and seized him" or "seized him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/47.md b/mrk/14/47.md index 580fe5ba0b..7e356ce09f 100644 --- a/mrk/14/47.md +++ b/mrk/14/47.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -Jesus had just been seized in the garden by those sent by chief priests, scribes, and elders. +# who stood by -## Do you come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs to capture me? ## +"who was standing nearby" -"You come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs to capture me." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Jesus said to them + +"Jesus said to the crowd" + +# Do you come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs to capture me? + +Jesus is rebuking the crowd. This can be written as a statement. AT: "It is ridiculous that you come here to seize me with swords and clubs, as if I were a robber!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# But this was done that + +"But this has happened so that" + +# All those with Jesus + +This refers to the disciples. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/51.md b/mrk/14/51.md index 2e10074a7b..fbd508b1f2 100644 --- a/mrk/14/51.md +++ b/mrk/14/51.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Jesus had just been seized in the garden by those sent by the chief priests, scribes, and elders. +# linen -## linen ## +cloth made from the fibers of a flax plant -A cloth made from a flax plant. \ No newline at end of file +# that was wrapped around him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that he had wrapped around himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# When the men seized him + +"When the men seized that man" + +# he left the linen garment + +As the man was trying to run away, the others would have grabbed at his clothing, trying to stop him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/53.md b/mrk/14/53.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b02b1cff8e --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/14/53.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +After the crowd of the chief priests, scribes, and elders lead Jesus to the high priest, Peter watches nearby while some stand to give false testimony against Jesus. + +# There were gathered with him all the chief priests, the elders, and the scribes + +This can be reordered so that it is easier to understand. "All of the chief priests, the elders, and the scribes had gathered there together" + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a shift in the storyline as the author begins telling us about Peter. + +# as far as the courtyard of the high priest + +As Peter followed Jesus, he stopped at the high priest's courtyard. This can be written clearly. AT: "and he went as far as the courtyard of the high priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He sat among the guards + +Peter sat with the guards who were working at the courtyard. AT: "He sat in the courtyard among the guards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/55.md b/mrk/14/55.md index 017948fec5..056da00892 100644 --- a/mrk/14/55.md +++ b/mrk/14/55.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -Jesus had just been seized in the garden by those sent by the chief priests, scribes, and elders. \ No newline at end of file +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a shift in the storyline as the author continues telling us about Jesus being put on trial. + +# they might put him to death + +They were not the ones who would execute Jesus; rather, they would order someone else to do it. AT: "they might have Jesus executed" or "they might have someone execute Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# But they did not find any + +They did not find testimony against Jesus with which they could convict him and have him put to death. AT: "But they did not find any testimony with which to convict him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# brought false testimony against him + +Here speaking false testimony is described as if it were a physical object that someone can carry. AT: "accused him by speaking false testimony against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their testimony did not agree + +This can be written in positive form. "but their testimony contradicted each other" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/57.md b/mrk/14/57.md index 4c0442145a..1a232cb78f 100644 --- a/mrk/14/57.md +++ b/mrk/14/57.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -Jesus had been arrested and brought before the Jewish high priest. +# brought false testimony against him -## We heard ## +Here speaking false testimony is described as if it were a physical object that someone can carry. AT: "accused him by speaking false testimony against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The word "we" refers to the people who brought false testimony against Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# We heard him say + +"We heard Jesus say." The word "we" refers to the people who brought false testimony against Jesus and does not include the people to whom they are speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# made with hands + +Here "hands" refers to men. AT: "made by men ... without man's help" or "built by men ... without man's help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in three days + +"within three days." This means that the temple would be built within a three-day period. + +# will build another + +The missing word may be added. AT: "will build another temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# did not agree + +"contradicted each other." This can be written in positive form. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/60.md b/mrk/14/60.md index 434bdd4081..9656127fd8 100644 --- a/mrk/14/60.md +++ b/mrk/14/60.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Jesus had been arrested and brought before the high priest. +# Connecting Statement: -## stood up among them ## +When Jesus answers that he is the Christ, the high priest and all of the leaders there condemn him as one who deserves to die. -"stood up among the chief priests, scribes, and elders" +# stood up among them -## I am ## +Jesus stands up in the middle of the angry crowd to speak to them. Translate this to show who was present when Jesus stood up to speak. AT: "stood up among the chief priests, scribes, and elders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -This is what God called himself in the Old Testament. \ No newline at end of file +# Have you no answer? What is it these men testify against you? + +The chief priest is not asking Jesus for information about what the witnesses said. He is asking Jesus to prove what the witnesses said is wrong. AT: "Are you not going to reply? What do you say in response to the testimony these men are speaking against you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the Son of the Blessed + +Here God is called "the Blessed." It is best to translate "Son" with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a "son" of a human father. AT: "the Son of the Blessed One" or "the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# I am + +This likely has a double meaning: 1) to respond to the high priest's question and 2) to call himself "I Am," which is what God called himself in the Old Testament. + +# at the right hand of power + +Here "power" refers to God. AT: "at the right hand of God, who is very powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# comes with the clouds of heaven + +Here the clouds are described as accompanying Jesus when he returns. AT: "when he comes down through the clouds in the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/63.md b/mrk/14/63.md index 0e2680a72b..b55ecd7159 100644 --- a/mrk/14/63.md +++ b/mrk/14/63.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -Jesus had been arrested and brought before the high priest. +# tore his garments -## tore his garments ## +The high priest tore his clothes purposefully to show his outrage and horror at what Jesus has said. AT: "tore his garments in outrage" -a sign of outrage at what Jesus had said - thought of as blasphemy. +# Do we still need witnesses? -## they all condemned him ## +This can be written as a statement. AT: "We certainly do not need any more people who will testify against this man!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"All members of the Council condemned Jesus" \ No newline at end of file +# You have heard the blasphemy + +This refers to what Jesus said, which the high priest called blasphemy. AT: "You have heard the blasphemy he has spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They all ... Some began to + +These phrases refer to the people in the crowd. + +# to cover his face + +They covered his face with a cloth or blindfold, so he could not see. AT: "to cover his face with a blindfold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Prophesy + +They mocked him, asking him to prophesy who was hitting him. AT: "Prophesy who hit you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# officers + +"guards" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/66.md b/mrk/14/66.md index 6e6ba67982..3b5ffeb076 100644 --- a/mrk/14/66.md +++ b/mrk/14/66.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -Jesus had been arrested and brought before the high priest. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +As Jesus had predicted, Peter denies Jesus three times before the rooster crows. + +# below in the courtyard + +"outside in the courtyard" + +# one of the servant girls of the high priest + +The servant girls worked for the high priest. AT: "one of the servant girls who worked for the high priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# denied + +This means to claim that something is not true. In this case, Peter was saying that what the servant girl said about him was not true. + +# neither know nor understand what you are talking about + +Both "know" and "understand" have the same meaning here. The meaning is repeated to add emphasis to what Peter is saying. AT: "I really do not understand what you are talking about!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/69.md b/mrk/14/69.md index 7ee9bf899e..3a5354a084 100644 --- a/mrk/14/69.md +++ b/mrk/14/69.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -At this time Peter had already once denied that he had been with Jesus. +# the servant girl -## one of them ## +This is the same servant girl who identified Peter previously. -"one of the disciples" \ No newline at end of file +# one of them + +The people were identifying Peter as one of Jesus' disciples. This can be made more clear. AT: "one of Jesus' disciples" or "one of those who have been with that man they arrested" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/71.md b/mrk/14/71.md index b843b1755d..dae2911343 100644 --- a/mrk/14/71.md +++ b/mrk/14/71.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -The people warming themselves at the fire with Peter had said that Peter had been with Jesus. +# to put himself under curses -## And he broke down ## +If in your language you have to name the person who curses someone, state God. AT: "to say for God to curse him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -To say that he "broke down" is a way to say that he was devastated or completely shocked. \ No newline at end of file +# rooster immediately crowed + +The rooster is a bird that calls out very early in the morning. The loud sound he makes is "crowing." + +# a second time + +"Second" is an ordinal number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# he broke down + +This idiom means that he was overwhelmed with grief and lost control of his emotions. AT: "he was overwhelmed with grief" or "he lost control of his emotions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/14/intro.md b/mrk/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3bd261b043 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# Mark 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and format #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 14:27, 62, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The eating of the body and blood ##### + +To this day, this symbolic action is practiced in nearly all churches in remembrance of Christ's sacrifice for the sins of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Past Events ##### + +Parts of this chapter are a sequence of events that have already happened. In a given passage, Mark sometimes writes as if the events have already occurred while other events are still in progress (even though they are complete at the time that he writes). This can cause difficulty in translation by creating an illogical order of events. It may be necessary to make these consistent by writing as if all the events have already happened. + +##### "Son of Man" ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. + +##### Abba ##### +This is a word in Aramaic. Mark does not "translate" this word into Greek but chooses to "transliterate" or transfer it into Greek by substituting Greek letters for Aramaic letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this word either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this word without translating its meaning. + +##### "I am" ##### +This is a reference to the name of God, Yahweh. Jesus is explicitly claiming to be Yahweh. (See: [Mark 14:62](./60.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/01.md b/mrk/15/01.md index af83f3969a..db29328de9 100644 --- a/mrk/15/01.md +++ b/mrk/15/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## You say so ## +# Connecting Statement: -"You yourself have said so" \ No newline at end of file +When the chief priests, elders, scribes, and the council gave Jesus over to Pilate, Pilate did not want to condemn him. Though the crowd brought many accusations against Jesus, he did not reply to them. + +# they bound Jesus and led him away + +They commanded for Jesus to be bound, but it would have been the guards who actually bound him and led him away. AT: "they commanded for Jesus to be bound and then he was led away" or "they commanded the guards to bind Jesus and then they led him away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They handed him over to Pilate + +They had Jesus led to Pilate and transferred control of Jesus over to him. + +# You say so + +Possible meanings are 1) by saying this, Jesus was saying that Pilate, not Jesus, was the one calling him the King of the Jews. AT: "You yourself have said so" or 2) by saying this, Jesus implied that he is the King of the Jews. AT: "Yes, as you said, I am" or "Yes. It is as you said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# were presenting many charges against Jesus + +"were accusing Jesus of many things" or "were saying that Jesus had done many bad things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/04.md b/mrk/15/04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c6032d79e --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/15/04.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Pilate again asked him + +"Pilate asked Jesus again" + +# Do you give no answer + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Do you have an answer" + +# See how many charges they are bringing against you? + +This can be written as a statement. AT: "They are bringing many charges against you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# See + +"Listen." This is a word used to direct Jesus' attention to the charges brought against him. + +# that amazed him + +It surprised Pilate that Jesus did not reply and defend himself. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/06.md b/mrk/15/06.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5f9c7ebb03 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/15/06.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Pilate, hoping the crowd would choose Jesus, offered to release a prisoner, but the crowd asked for Barabbas instead. + +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline as the author shifts to telling background information about Pilate's tradition of releasing a prisoner at feasts and about Barabbas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# There with the rebels in prison ... in the rebellion, was a man named Barabbas + +"At that time there was a man called Barabbas, who was in prison with some other men. They had committed murder when they rebelled against the Roman government" + +# to do for them as he had done in the past + +This refers to Pilate releasing a prisoner at feasts. This can be made clear. AT: "to release a prisoner to them as he had done in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/09.md b/mrk/15/09.md index bbaad3c4fa..d7abbc2a38 100644 --- a/mrk/15/09.md +++ b/mrk/15/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## released ## +# For he knew that it was because of envy ... Jesus over to him -"sent away" or "forgiven" or "let go" \ No newline at end of file +This is background information about why Jesus was handed over to Pilate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# it was because of envy that the chief priests + +They envied Jesus, probably because so many people were following him and becoming his disciples. AT: "the chief priests were envious of Jesus. This is why they" or "the chief priests were envious of Jesus' popularity among the people. This is why they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# stirred up the crowd + +The author speaks of the chief priests rousing or urging the crowd as if the crowd were a bowl of something that they were stirring. AT: "roused the crowd" or "urged the crowd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# released instead + +They requested Barabbas to be released instead of Jesus. AT: "released instead of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/12.md b/mrk/15/12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f06e2ae0c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/15/12.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +The crowd asks for Jesus' death so Pilate turns him over to the soldiers who mock him, crown him with thorns, strike him, and lead him out to crucify him. + +# What then should I do with the King of the Jews + +Pilate asks what he should do with Jesus if he releases Barabbas to them. This can be written clearly. AT: "If I release Barabbas, what then should I do with the King of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/14.md b/mrk/15/14.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..28a0f2f4bc --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/15/14.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Pilate said to them + +"Pilate said to the crowd" + +# satisfy + +"please" + +# He scourged Jesus + +Pilate did not actually scourge Jesus but rather his soldiers did. + +# scourged + +"flogged." This means to beat with an especially painful whip. + +# then handed him over to be crucified + +Pilate told his soliders to take Jesus away to crucify him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "told his soldiers to take him away and crucify him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/16.md b/mrk/15/16.md index 6c40f685e5..94589386b7 100644 --- a/mrk/15/16.md +++ b/mrk/15/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the barracks ## +# the courtyard (which is the government headquarters) -This is the place where the soldiers stayed. +This was where the Roman soldiers in Jerusalem lived, and where the governor stayed when he was in Jerusalem. AT: "the courtyard of the soldiers' barracks" or "the courtyard of the governor's residence." -## cohort ## +# the whole cohort of soldiers -"large amount" or "many" +"the whole unit of soldiers" -## They put a purple robe on Jesus ## +# They put a purple robe on Jesus -This was an act of mockery. Purple was a color attributed to royalty and by clothing him this way they were mocking his title, "King of the Jews." +Purple was a color worn by royalty. The soldiers did not believe that Jesus was king. They clothed him this way to mock him because others said that he was the King of the Jews. -## They began to salute him and said, "Hail, King of the Jews!" ## +# a crown of thorns -Again, the soldiers were mocking Jesus because they did not believe that he was the King of the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +"a crown made of thorny branches" + +# Hail, King of the Jews + +The greeting "Hail" with a raised hand was only used to greet the Roman emperor. The soldiers did not believe that Jesus was the king of the Jews. Rather they said this to mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/19.md b/mrk/15/19.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..56e6be756a --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/15/19.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# a reed + +"a stick" or "a staff" + +# bent their knees + +This means to kneel. AT: "knelt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They forced a passerby ... to carry Jesus' cross + +According to Roman law, a solider could force a man he came upon along the road to carry a load. In this case, they forced Simon to carry Jesus' cross. + +# from the country + +"from outside the city" + +# a man named Simon of Cyrene the father of Alexander and Rufus + +This is background information about who the passerby is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Simon of Cyrene ... Alexander ... Rufus + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/22.md b/mrk/15/22.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7c5ac6f95b --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/15/22.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +The soldiers brought Jesus to Golgotha where they crucified him with two others. Many people mocked him. + +# Place of a Skull + +"Skull Place" or "Place of the Skull." This the name of a place. It does not mean that there are lots of skulls there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Skull + +A skull is the head bones, or a head without any flesh on it. + +# wine mixed with myrrh + +It may be helpful to explain that myrrh is a pain-relieving medicine. AT: "wine mixed with a medicine called myrrh" or "wine mixed with a pain-relieving medicine called myrrh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/25.md b/mrk/15/25.md index 6bf6ceaa6e..0118d5f677 100644 --- a/mrk/15/25.md +++ b/mrk/15/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## robbers ## +# the third hour -"armed thieves" \ No newline at end of file +"Third" is a ordinal number. This refers to nine o'clock in the morning. AT: "nine o'clock in the morning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# On a sign + +The soldiers attached this sign to the cross above Jesus. AT: "They attached to the cross above Jesus' head a sign on which" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# charge + +"accusation" + +# robbers + +"armed thieves" + +# one on the right of him and one on his left + +This can be written more clearly. AT: "one on a cross on the right side of him and one on a cross on the left side of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/29.md b/mrk/15/29.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f66b5b5efd --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/15/29.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# shaking their heads + +This is an action people do to show disapproval. + +# Aha! + +This is a exclamation of mockery. Use the appropriate exclamation in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# You who would destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days + +The people refer to Jesus by what he earlier prophesied that he would do. AT: "You who said you would destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/31.md b/mrk/15/31.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9554968dd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/15/31.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# In the same way + +This refers to the way that the people who were walking by Jesus were mocking him. + +# were mocking him with each other + +"were saying mocking things about Jesus among themselves" + +# Let the Christ, the King of Israel, come down + +The leaders did not believe that Jesus is the Christ, the King of Israel. AT: "He calls himself the Christ and the King of Israel. So let him come down" or "If he is really the Christ and the King of Israel, he should come down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# believe + +The means to believe in Jesus. AT: "believe in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# taunted + +"mocked" or "insulted" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/33.md b/mrk/15/33.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6ee108f99c --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/15/33.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +At noon darkness covers the whole land until three o'clock when Jesus cries out with a loud voice and dies, and the temple curtain rips from the top to the bottom. + +# the sixth hour + +This refers to noon or 12 p.m. + +# darkness came over the whole land + +Here the author describes it becoming dark outside as if the darkness were a wave that moved over the land. AT: "the whole land became dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# At the ninth hour + +This refers to three o'clock in the afternoon. AT: "At three o'clock in the afternoon" or "In the middle of the afternoon" + +# Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani + +These are Aramaic words that should be copied as is into your language with similar sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# is interpreted + +"means" + +# Some of those standing by heard his words and said + +It can be stated clearly that they misunderstood what Jesus said. AT: "When some of those standing there heard his words, they misunderstood and said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/36.md b/mrk/15/36.md index 0eaf524c00..b4a1d7b0d7 100644 --- a/mrk/15/36.md +++ b/mrk/15/36.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## sour wine ## +# sour wine "vinegar" -## The curtain of the temple was split in two ## +# reed staff -God split in two the curtain of the temple (See: [[[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]]] \ No newline at end of file +"stick." This was a staff made from a reed. + +# gave it to him + +"gave it to Jesus." The man held up the staff so that Jesus could drink wine from the sponge. AT: "held it up to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The curtain of the temple was split in two + +Mark is showing that God himself split the temple curtain. This can be translated in active form. AT: "God split the curtain of the temple in two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/39.md b/mrk/15/39.md index bbfccbc160..2b8eff9955 100644 --- a/mrk/15/39.md +++ b/mrk/15/39.md @@ -1,3 +1,43 @@ -## Salome ## +# the centurion -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the centurion who supervised the soldiers who crucified Jesus. + +# who stood and faced Jesus + +"who stood in front of Jesus" + +# that he was dead in this way + +"how Jesus had died" or "the way Jesus had died" + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# looked on from a distance + +"watched from far away" + +# (the mother of James ... and of Joses) + +"who was the mother of James ... and of Joses." This can be written without the parentheses. + +# James the younger + +"the younger James." This man was referred to as "the younger" probably to distinguish him from another man named James. + +# Joses + +This Joses was not that same person as the younger brother of Jesus. See how you translated the same name in [Mark 6:3](../06/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Salome + +Salome is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# When he was in Galilee they followed him ... with him to Jerusalem + +"When Jesus was in Galilee these women followed him ... with him to Jerusalem." This is background information about the women who watched the crucifixion from a distance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# came up with him to Jerusalem + +Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for people to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/42.md b/mrk/15/42.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c2042cd7a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/15/42.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Joseph of Arimathea asks Pilate for the body of Jesus, which he wraps in linen and puts in a tomb. + +# evening had come + +Here evening is spoken of as if it were something that is able to "come" from one place to another. AT: "it had become evening" or "it was evening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Joseph of Arimathea came there. He was a respected + +The phrase "came there" refers to Joseph coming to Pilate, which is also described after the background information is given, but his coming is referenced before for emphasis and to help introduce him to the story. There may be a different way to do this in your language. AT: "Joseph of Arimathea was a respected" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# Joseph of Arimathea + +"Joseph from Arimathea." Joseph is the name of a man, and Arimathea is the name of the place his is from. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# He was a respected member of the council ... for the kingdom of God + +This is background information about Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# went in to Pilate + +"went to Pilate" or "went in to where Pilate was" + +# asked for the body of Jesus + +It can be stated clearly that he wanted to get the body so that he could bury it. AT: "asked for permission to get the body of Jesus in order to bury it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Pilate was amazed that Jesus was already dead; he called the centurion + +Pilate heard people saying that Jesus was dead. This surprised him, so he asked the centurion if it was true. This can be made clear. AT: "Pilate was amazed when he heard that Jesus was already dead, so he called the centurion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/45.md b/mrk/15/45.md index e16c3867f8..7d4b6648d9 100644 --- a/mrk/15/45.md +++ b/mrk/15/45.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## a tomb that previously had been dug ## +# he gave the body to Joseph -"a tomb that someone had previously dug" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"he permitted Joseph to take Jesus' body" -## linen ## +# linen -a cloth made from a flax plant (See how you translated this in 14:51-52.) +Linen is cloth made from the fibers of a flax plant. See how you translated this in [Mark 14:51](../14/51.md). -## where Jesus' body was placed ## +# He took him down ... Then he rolled a stone -"where Joseph and the others placed Jesus' body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Joseph had help from other people to take Jesus down from the cross, preparing it for the tomb, and closing the tomb. AT: "He and others took him down ... Then they rolled a stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a tomb that had been cut out of a rock + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a tomb that someone had previously cut out of solid rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a stone against + +"a huge flat stone in front of" + +# Joses + +This Joses was not that same person as the younger brother of Jesus. See how you translated the same name in [Mark 6:3](../06/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the place where Jesus was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the place where Joseph and the others buried Jesus' body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/15/intro.md b/mrk/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4798dcd9b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Mark 15 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The curtain of the temple was split in two" ##### +This is an important symbol. In the temple the curtain symbolically separated God and man. God could not be directly accessed because of his holiness. The death of Christ changed this. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "King of the Jews" ##### +This is sarcasm, which is the use of irony to insult someone. The phrases "save yourself and come down from the cross," "Let the Christ, the King of Israel, come down now from the cross, that we may see and believe" and "Let us see if Elijah comes to take him down" are also sarcasm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? ##### +This is a phrase in Aramaic. Mark does not "translate" this phrase into Greek but chooses to "transliterate" or transfer it into Greek by substituting Greek letters for Aramaic letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this phrase either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this phrase without translating its meaning. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/01.md b/mrk/16/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1da24a6f28 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/16/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +On the first day of the week, women come early because they expect to use spices to anoint Jesus' body. They are surprised to see a young man who tells them Jesus is alive, but they are afraid and do not tell anyone. + +# When the Sabbath day was over + +That is, when the sun had set on the seventh day and the first day of the week had begun. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/03.md b/mrk/16/03.md index 496c59103b..1982587895 100644 --- a/mrk/16/03.md +++ b/mrk/16/03.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/tomb]] \ No newline at end of file +# the stone had been rolled away + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone had rolled away the stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/05.md b/mrk/16/05.md index bbe099e555..a748123453 100644 --- a/mrk/16/05.md +++ b/mrk/16/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## He is risen! ## +# He is risen! -"He arose" or "God raised him from the dead!" or "He raised himself from the dead!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The angel is emphatically stating that Jesus has risen from the dead. This can be translated in active form. AT: "He arose!" or "God raised him from the dead!" or "He raised himself from the dead!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/09.md b/mrk/16/09.md index 1b1e81c754..c3bb681c39 100644 --- a/mrk/16/09.md +++ b/mrk/16/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## on the first day of the week ## +# Connecting Statement: -"on Sunday" \ No newline at end of file +Jesus appears first to Mary Magdalene, who tells the disciples, then he appears to two others as they walk in the country, and later he appears to the eleven disciples. + +# on the first day of the week + +"on Sunday" + +# They heard + +"They heard Mary Magdalene say" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/12.md b/mrk/16/12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1da717694f --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/16/12.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# he appeared in a different form + +Jesus was the person whom the "two of them" saw, but what they saw did not look like Jesus, so they did not know they were looking at Jesus. + +# two of them + +two of "those who were with him" ([Mark 16:10](./09.md)) + +# they did not believe them + +The rest of the disciples did not believe what the two who had been walking in the country said. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/14.md b/mrk/16/14.md index bee9e5e82c..5afa51f763 100644 --- a/mrk/16/14.md +++ b/mrk/16/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,35 @@ -## hardness of heart ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "refusal to believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +When Jesus meets with the eleven, he rebukes them for their unbelief and tells them to go out into all the world to preach the gospel. + +# the eleven + +These are the eleven disciples who remained after Judas left them. + +# they were reclining at the table + +This is a metonym for eating, which was the usual way people in that day ate meals. AT: "they were eating a meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# reclining + +In Jesus' culture, when people gathered to eat, they lay down on their sides, propping themselves up on pillows beside a low table. + +# hardness of heart + +Jesus is rebuking his disciples because they would not believe in him. Translate this idiom so it is understood that the disciples were not believing Jesus. AT: "refusal to believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Go into all the world + +Here "the world" is a metonym for the people in the world. AT: "Go everywhere there are people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the entire creation + +This is an exaggeration and a metonym for people everywhere. AT: "absolutely everybody" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# He who believes and is baptized will be saved + +The word "He" refers to anyone. This sentence can be made active. AT: "God will save all people who believe and allow you to baptize them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he who does not believe will be condemned + +The word "he" refers to anyone. This clause can be made active. AT: "God will condemn all people who do not believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/17.md b/mrk/16/17.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5f7a645096 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/16/17.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# These signs will go with those who believe + +Mark speaks of miracles as though they were people going along with the believers. AT: "People watching those who believe will see these things happen and know that I am with the believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# In my name they + +Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is giving a general list: "In my name they will do things like these: They" or 2) Jesus is giving an exact list: "These are the things they will do in my name: They." + +# In my name + +Here "name" is associated with Jesus' authority and power. AT: "By the authority of my name" or "By the power of my name." See how "in your name" is translated in [Mark 9:38](../09/38.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/19.md b/mrk/16/19.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b15988f3d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/16/19.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# he was taken up into heaven and sat + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God took him up into heaven, and he sat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# at the right hand of God + +"where the one to whom God gives the most honor and power sits" + +# confirmed the word + +This idiom means they proved that their message was true. AT: "showed that his message, which they were speaking, was true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/16/intro.md b/mrk/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c5bb19e6e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Mark 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Burial Practices ##### +It was customary in ancient Israel to place important or wealthy people in tombs and to close up the tombs with a large rock. Only wealthy families could usually afford this kind of burial place. + +=== Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter=== + +##### A young man ##### +The gospel accounts differ as to how many men or angels appeared in this interaction. It is likely that the men were angels, but how many of them were there is unclear. It is best to translate this as it appears in the ULB without trying to reconcile these passages. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md), [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md), and [John 20:1-2](../../jhn/20/01.md)) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Mark 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/front/intro.md b/mrk/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d366dd1646 --- /dev/null +++ b/mrk/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +# Introduction to the Gospel of Mark # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Mark #### + +1. Introduction (1:1––13) +1. The ministry of Jesus in Galilee + - Early ministry (1:14––3:6) + - Rising popularity (3:7––5:43) + - Moving away from Galilee and then returning (6:1––8:26) +1. Progress toward Jerusalem, repeated times when Jesus predicts his own death; the disciples misunderstand, and Jesus teaches them how difficult it will be to follow him (8:27––10:52) +1. Last days of ministry and preparation for final conflict in Jerusalem (11:1––13:37) +1. The death of Christ and the empty tomb (14:1––16:8) + +#### What is the Book of Mark about? #### + +The Gospel according to Mark is one of four books in the New Testament that describe aspects of the life of Jesus Christ, but that focus especially on his work. The four Gospels emphasize different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. It is probable that the book was written to defend Jesus's importance despite his shameful death like a criminal. This would have also encouraged the Christians who were being persecuted in Rome. It seems clear that Mark had mainly Gentile, non-Christian readers in mind. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "The Gospel of Mark," or "The Gospel according to Mark." They may also choose a title that may be clearer, for example, "The Good News about Jesus that Mark wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Mark? #### + +The book does not give the reader the name of the author. Since early Christian times, however, it has been generally believed that the author was Mark, also known as John Mark, a close friend of Peter. Although Mark may not have been an eyewitness to the life of Jesus, many believe that Peter's testimony provided Mark with the information for this book. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What were Jesus' teaching methods? #### + +Jesus came to be regarded as a rabbi, a teacher of God's law, by the people. He followed some standard methods of other religious teachers in Israel: he had students, called disciples; he also made up parables, fictional stories, in order to teach various principles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why does Mark often refer to Jesus as the "Son of Man"? #### + +Mark shows Jesus as adopting this title for himself. It is a reference to Daniel 7:13––14, where a person described as "a son of man," that is, someone who looked like a human being, received authority from God to rule over the nations forever, and was to be worshiped by all people forever. Besides being human, this person must also be God, because God would never allow someone other than himself to be worshiped. Because the Jews of Jesus' time did not use "Son of Man" as a title for anyone, Jesus used it for himself to help them come to understand who he was truly was. + +Translating the title "Son of Man" can be difficult in many languages. A literal translation might be very misunderstood by readers. Translators can consider alternatives, such as "The Human One." An explanatory footnote might be useful also. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +#### Why does Mark frequently use terms indicating short periods of time? #### + +The Gospel of Mark uses the word "immediately" some forty-two times. This emphasizes the quickness of the events. This gives the reader the impression that it is a fast-paced account of the events. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Mark? #### + +The texts of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of more accurate manuscripts. The following are the most significant issues in Mark: + +* "If any man has ears to hear, let him hear." (7:16) +* "where their worm never dies and the fire is never quenched" (9:44) +* "where their worm never dies and the fire is never quenched" (9:46) +* "And the scripture was fulfilled that says, 'He was counted with the lawless ones'" (15:28) +* "Early on the first day of the week, after he arose, he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, from whom he had cast out seven demons. She went and told those who were with him, while they were mourning and weeping. They heard that he was alive and that he had been seen by her, but they did not believe. After these things he appeared in a different form to two other people, as they were walking out into the country. They went and told the rest of the disciples, but they did not believe them. Jesus later appeared to the Eleven as they were reclining at the table, and he rebuked them for their unbelief and hardness of heart, because they did not believe those who saw him after he rose from the dead ones. He said to them, 'Go into all the world, and preach the gospel to the entire creation. He who believes and is baptized will be saved, and he who does not believe will be condemned. These signs will go with those who believe. In my name they will cast out demons. They will speak in new languages. They will pick up snakes with their hands, and if they drink anything deadly it will not hurt them. They will lay hands on the sick, and they will get well.' After the Lord had spoken to them, he was taken up into heaven and sat down at the right hand of God. The disciples left and preached everywhere, while the Lord worked with them and confirmed the word by the miraculous signs that followed." (16:9-–20) + +Translators are advised not to translate these passages. However, if older Bible versions exist in their region that have some of these verses, it is not wrong to translate them. If they are translated, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they are probably not original to Mark's Gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +#### What are the Synoptic Gospels? #### + +The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are called the Synoptic Gospels because they share a large amount of textual material. However, the authors often used the same accounts and the same teachings of Jesus to emphasize different aspects of his life, ministry, and message. + +When text is the same or almost the same among two or three gospels, it is said to be "parallel." When these parallel passages are translated, the wording in the project language should be kept the same as much as possible. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/01.md b/nam/01/01.md index 86092a7900..2121fc09ef 100644 --- a/nam/01/01.md +++ b/nam/01/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -Nahum describes the destruction of Nineveh in poetry. (See: UDB and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## The declaration about Nineveh ## +Nahum describes the destruction of Nineveh in poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"A message from God about the City of Nineveh." +# The declaration about Nineveh. The book of the vision of Nahum, the Elkoshite -## Elkoshite ## +These words are an introduction to the entire book. This can be stated as a complete sentence. AT: "This is the book of the vision of Nahum, the Elkoshite, which gives a declaration about Nineveh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Elkoshite A person from the village of Elkosh (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/02.md b/nam/01/02.md index 840a08a628..40c2a8a364 100644 --- a/nam/01/02.md +++ b/nam/01/02.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## he will by no means declare his enemies innocent ## +# General Information: -This means that Yahweh will judge and punish his enemies when they disobey him. +Nahum begins to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. The vision is full of metaphorical language and uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## makes his way in the whirlwind and the storm ## +# Yahweh -Like the strong wind and storm, Yahweh moves with power. Alternate translation: "comes in power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -## the dust of his feet ## +# full of wrath + +"very angry" + +# he continues his anger for + +"continues to be angry with" + +# slow to anger + +"slow to become angry" + +# he will by no means declare his enemies innocent + +This emphatic negative statement can be translated positively. AT: "he will always punish his enemies" + +# Yahweh makes his way in the whirlwind and the storm, and the clouds are the dust of his feet + +The biblical writers often associated Yahweh's presence with powerful storms. Here Yahweh rides in strong storm winds and his feet are creating clouds by kicking up dust as he is coming to judge the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the dust of his feet "the dust that his feet kick up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/04.md b/nam/01/04.md index 0c174ab6c2..1761a556fc 100644 --- a/nam/01/04.md +++ b/nam/01/04.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Nahum continues to describe the power of Yahweh over the whole world +# General Information: -## languishes...languish ## +Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. -Alternate Translation: "weakens...weaken" or "fades...fade" +# Bashan is weak, and Carmel also; the flowers of Lebanon are weak -## The mountains shake in his presence, and the hills melt; the earth collapses in his presence ## +The word translated as "weak" can also mean "wither" or "dry out." Bashan was known for its good pastureland where people tended sheep and cattle, "Carmel" refers to Mount Carmel, which was known for its tree orchards, and the snow from the mountains in Lebanon kept that place fertile. Since Yahweh dries up all the rivers and causes drought, these fertile places will no longer be fertile. AT: "The fields of Bashan wither, the trees of Mount Carmel die, and the flowers of Lebanon fade" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Alternate translation: "The mountains, the hills, and even the earth are afraid of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# the hills melt -## shake ## +Possible meanings are 1) the earthquake causing the hills to crumble to pieces is spoken of as if the hills were melting or 2) the water from the storms coursing down the hills and causing them to erode is spoken of as if the hills were melting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -like a person who is afraid +# the earth collapses -## collapses ## +Possible meanings are 1) the mountains and hills collapse or 2) the entire ground begins to move with violent motions. -"falls to the ground in fear" \ No newline at end of file +# the world and all people who live in it + +Here the word "world" refers to the inhabited places on the earth. The verb for this phrase is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "the world shakes and all the people who live in it collapse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/06.md b/nam/01/06.md index ffd9a78982..f39498e869 100644 --- a/nam/01/06.md +++ b/nam/01/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Nahum speaking about Yahweh's power +# General Information: -## fierceness of his anger ## +Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. + +# Who can stand before his wrath? Who can resist the fierceness of his anger? + +These two rhetorical questions mean basically the same thing. They can be translated with statements. AT: "No one can stand before his wrath! No one can resist the fierceness of his anger!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# fierceness of his anger "intensity of his anger" or "amount of his anger" -## His wrath is poured out like fire and the rocks are broken apart by him ## +# His wrath is poured out like fire -Alternate translation: "He pours out his anger like fire and breaks rocks apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Nahum speaks of Yahweh's anger as if it were a liquid that he pours out and which burns like fire. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He pours out his wrath like fire" or "He expresses his fierce anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the rocks are broken apart by him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he breaks apart the rocks" or "he causes the rocks to break apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/07.md b/nam/01/07.md index ec07262ccb..d4a68f6707 100644 --- a/nam/01/07.md +++ b/nam/01/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## stronghold ## +# a stronghold ... those who take refuge in him -a safe place built for protection against enemies (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Nahum speaks of Yahweh as if he were a place where people can be safe from those who wish to harm them, and of those who trust Yahweh to protect them as if they were taking refuge inside that safe place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## day of trouble ## +# in the day of trouble -when the enemy attacks. Alternate translation: "when bad things happen" \ No newline at end of file +"in times of trouble" or "when troubles happen." The word "day" here refers to a general period of time. + +# he will make a full end to his enemies + +The idiom "make a full end" refers to causing his enemies to die. AT: "he will completely destroy his enemies" or "he will kill all his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with an overwhelming flood + +Nahum speaks of Yahweh destroying his enemies in such a way that they will be powerless to avoid death as if Yahweh caused them to drown in a great flood of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will pursue them into darkness + +Here the word "darkness" represents the place of the dead, which is characterized as a dark place. Nahum speaks of Yahweh killing his enemies as if he were chasing them into this dark place. AT: "he will cause all his enemies to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/09.md b/nam/01/09.md index b8e441f31c..2cc3b988c6 100644 --- a/nam/01/09.md +++ b/nam/01/09.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Nahum tells the people of Nineveh how Yahweh will deal with them. -## make a full end to it ## +# What are you people plotting against Yahweh? -"completely stop what you do" +This rhetorical question emphasizes the futility of making evil plans against Yahweh. AT: "It is futile for you people to plot against Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## trouble will not rise up a second time ## +# He will make a full end to it -Alternate translation: "you people of Nineveh will not be able to attack again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The idiom "make a full end" refers to causing something to exist no longer. AT: "He will completely stop what you do" or "He will cause your plotting to fail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## they...they...their...they ## +# trouble will not rise up a second time -Nahum speaks briefly to the Israelites about the people of Nineveh. +Possible meanings are 1) "trouble" is a metonym for the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon the people. AT: "Yahweh will not have to punish you a second time" or 2) "trouble" refers to the trouble that the people cause by plotting against Yahweh. AT: "you will not cause trouble a second time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## become tangled up like thorn bushes ## +# they will become tangled up like thornbushes -"face many problems that will prevent them from attacking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) the people who plot against Yahweh will not be able to free themselves from the trouble that Yahweh will bring upon them, like a person who is tangled up in thornbushes cannot easily free himself or 2) just as thornbushes burn more quickly when they are tangled together, Yahweh will quickly destroy those who plot against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they will be completely devoured ## +# they will be saturated in their own drink -Yahweh will totally destroy Nineveh (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Nahum speaks of those who plot against Yahweh suffering the consequences of their plans as if they were completely drunk with alcohol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## promotes wickedness ## +# they will be completely devoured by fire like dry stubble -encourages people to do wicked things \ No newline at end of file +Nahum speaks of Yahweh completely destroying those who plot against him as if fire would burn them up like fire burns up dry stubble. This can be stated in active form. AT: "fire will completely devour them like it devours dry stubble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# devoured by fire + +Nahum speaks of fire burning something completely as if the fire were devouring that thing. AT: "burned up by fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# promoted wickedness + +encouraged people to do wicked things \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/12.md b/nam/01/12.md index 738afcdbf1..6321acbd3e 100644 --- a/nam/01/12.md +++ b/nam/01/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh speaks to the Israelites about Nineveh. -## they...they...their ## +# Even if they are at their full strength and full numbers -the people of Nineveh +This refers to the Assyrians or to the people of Nineveh. -## they will...be sheared ## +# they will nevertheless be sheared -Alternate translations: "I will take away their strength like a shepherd shears a sheep" or "I will cut them down like tall grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of destroying the people of Nineveh as if the were sheep that he will shear. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will nevertheless shear them" or "I will nevertheless destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## break that people's yoke from off you ## +# Now will I break that people's yoke from off you; I will break your chains -Alternate translation: "set you free from slavery to those people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## break your chains ## - -"break the chains with which they bound you as slaves" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of freeing Judah from Assyrian oppression as if he were breaking the yoke and chains that the Assyrians had placed on them. AT: "Now I will free you from that people and they will no longer oppress you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/14.md b/nam/01/14.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..05690fdb93 --- /dev/null +++ b/nam/01/14.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# I will cut off the carved figures and the cast metal figures from the houses of your gods + +Yahweh speaks of destroying the Assyrian idols as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. The word "house" is a metonym for the temples in which the people worshiped these idols. AT: "I will destroy the carved figures and the cast metal figures that are in the temples of your gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will dig your graves + +It is implied that Yahweh will also bury them in the graves that he digs for them. AT: "I will dig your graves and bury you in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/15.md b/nam/01/15.md index d6e57389c4..01f8962e62 100644 --- a/nam/01/15.md +++ b/nam/01/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## there is the feet of him who brings good news ## +# on the mountains there are the feet of someone who is bringing good news -"there is he who brings good news" or "someone is bringing good news" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "feet" represent the person who is running in order to declare a message. AT: "on the mountains there is someone who is bringing good news" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## wicked one...he ## +# wicked one ... he -Nahum refers to the Ninevites as though they were one person. +Nahum refers to the people of Nineveh as though they were one person. -## he is completely cut off ## +# he is completely cut off -Nahum speaks of a future event as though it has already happened see (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh being completely destroyed as if they had been cut off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he is completely destroyed" or "Yahweh has completely destroyed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/intro.md b/nam/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..00ccad9cc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/nam/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Nahum 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of this chapter) because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +Despite being divided into three chapters, this book consists of one long prophecy. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's anger against Nineveh ##### +This prophecy should be read in reference to the book of Jonah. That book described how the people of Niniveh, Assyria's capital city, repented when Jonah warned them that Yahweh was angry at them. The book of Nahum, written a little over one hundred years later than when Jonah was set, indicates that the Ninevites would be punished by God, but only after he had used them for his own purposes. These actions of Yahweh, although described as vengeance or anger, do not have the same sinful quality as they usually do with humans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Complete destruction ##### +At that time, Assyria controlled almost the entire Near East. Nahum prophesied that the Assyrians would be so completely destroyed as a nation that they would no longer even be a people group. This prophecy came true very suddenly. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nahum 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Nahum intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/01.md b/nam/02/01.md index 950448bd3a..5f58308728 100644 --- a/nam/02/01.md +++ b/nam/02/01.md @@ -1,29 +1,43 @@ -Nahum continues describing the destruction of Nineveh in poetry that began in [Nahum 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: UDB and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## He who will dash you to pieces ## +Nahum often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here he begins to describe the destruction of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -The picture is of someone breaking a pot. Alternate translation: "He who will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +# The one who will dash you to pieces -## He who will dash ## +The word "you" refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of an army or military leader destroying Nineveh as if he were to shatter Nineveh like one would shatter a clay pot. AT: "The one who will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). -Who this is is not clear, so translate using a general term: "Someone who will break you to pieces." +# The one who will dash you -## Man the city walls, guard the roads, make yourselves strong, assemble your armies. ## +The person who is "the one" is not clear, so translate using a general term. AT: "Someone who will break you" -prepare for war +# is coming up against you -## Man the city walls ## +The idiom to "come against" means to attack. AT: "is preparing to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"Set guards on the walls for protection" +# Man the city walls, guard the roads, make yourselves strong, assemble your armies -## For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Jacob, like the majesty of Israel ## +Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle, although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -This means that Yahweh will make Jacob and Israel great, and people will admire them again. +# Man the city walls -## plunderers ## +Nineveh had a large, thick wall surrounding it. This refers to placing soldiers on the top of the wall in order to fight off attackers. This can be translated with a more general phrase if necessary. AT: "Man the fortifications" or "Prepare the defenses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# guard the roads + +This refers to having soldiers watch the roads leading to the city so that they can keep track of the enemy's approach. + +# make yourselves strong + +This is an idiom that means to prepare oneself for action. Here it applies to military action. AT: "prepare yourselves for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Jacob, like the majesty of Israel + +The words "Jacob" and "Israel" are metonyms for the people who are descended from Jacob. Possible meanings are 1) the word "Jacob" refers to the southern kingdom and the word "Israel" refers to the northern kingdom. AT: "For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Judah, as he promised to restore the majesty of Israel" or 2) both "Jacob" and "Israel" refer to the nation as a whole, included both northern and southern kingdoms and the two lines are parallel. AT: "For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the plunderers people who steal things by force, usually in war -## emptied them out ## +# destroyed their vine branches -taken away everything, meaning 1) poured water out of a pot or 2) stripped the leaves off a tree or vine \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the Assyrians taking away Israel's possessions by force is spoken of as if Israel were a vine whose branches the Assyrians had stripped bare. AT: "robbed them of all of their possession, like one would strip bare vine branches" or 2) the words "vine branches" are a synecdoche for the agricultural fields throughout the nation. AT: "destroyed their fields of crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/03.md b/nam/02/03.md index ddabf01c69..e552045150 100644 --- a/nam/02/03.md +++ b/nam/02/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## his mighty men ## +# The shields of his mighty men are red + +Possible meanings are 1) the shields appear red as the light from the sun reflects upon their metal surfaces or 2) the shields are covered with leather that has been dyed red. + +# his mighty men the soldiers of the one "who will dash" Nineveh "to pieces" ([Nahum 2:1](./01.md)). -## cypress ## +# the chariots flash with their metal + +This likely refers to the light from the sun reflecting upon the metal chariots. + +# on the day that they are made ready + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the soldiers have made them ready" or "when the soldiers have prepared them to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the cypress spears are waved in the air + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the soldiers wave their cypress spears in the air" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cypress a type of tree whose wood is good for weapons (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## The chariots speed through the streets ## +# The chariots speed through the streets -"The chariot drivers drive crazily in the streets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"The soldiers drive the chariots wildly through the streets" -## to and fro ## +# They look like torches -Possible meanings 1) "back and forth" or 2) "side to side" +Nahum compares the way that the light from the sun reflects upon the chariots with torches whose fire gives light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## They look like torches ## +# they run like lightning -This refers to the brightness of the chariots as they reflect the light from the sun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Nahum compares the way that the light from the sun reflects upon the chariots, and the quickness with which the chariots move, with lightning that flashes quickly in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/05.md b/nam/02/05.md index 7269a04050..49c8c3b625 100644 --- a/nam/02/05.md +++ b/nam/02/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## dash you to pieces ## +# The one who will dash you to pieces -Translate this the same way you did in [Nahum 2:1](./01.md). +The word "you" refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of an army or military leader destroying Nineveh as if he were to shatter Nineveh like one would shatter a clay pot. See how you translated this in [Nahum 2:1](./01.md). AT: "The one who will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## remembers his officers ## +# in their march -Possible meaning: 1) "thinks of his officers" or 2) "summons his officers" +The word "march" can be translated as a verb. AT: "as they march" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## they...their...they ## +# The large shield is made ready to protect these attackers -the soldiers who will attack Nineveh +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The attackers make ready the large shield to protect themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in their eager march ## +# The large shield -"as they march" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to a large cover that those who besieged a city would set up over themselves and their battering rams to protect themselves against the arrows and other projectiles with which the people in the city would attack them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/06.md b/nam/02/06.md index 98e52c2afd..d3ad2db1ed 100644 --- a/nam/02/06.md +++ b/nam/02/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## So it has been decreed ## +# The gates at the rivers are forced open -"Yahweh has said this will happen" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy forces open the gates at the rivers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the queen is stripped ## +# The gates at the rivers -This can mean 1) "the soldiers take the queen's clothes off of her" or 2) "the queen has lost her authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the gates that controlled the flow and direction of the river. -## the queen ## +# Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away -This can be either 1) the queen of Assyria or 2) an idol of a goddess in the temple (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The enemy strips Huzzab of her clothes and takes her away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## her female servants moan like doves ## +# Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away -"the female servants of the queen sound like doves as they moan" to mourn her loss of power (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The exact meaning of the word "Huzzab" is uncertain. Two possible meanings are 1) it is the name of a queen in Nineveh and the sentence means that the attacking soldiers have stripped her of her clothes in order to humiliate her and then have carried her off into captivity or 2) it is the name of an idol and the sentence means that the attackers have stripped the gold and silver off the idol and have carried it away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# her female servants moan like doves + +The moaning sounds that the female servants make sound like the sounds that doves make. + +# her female servants + +If the word "Huzzab" refers to a queen, then this phrase refers to the young women who attended her. If the word "Huzzab" refers to an idol, then this phrase refers to the young women who worked as temple prostitutes. + +# beating on their breasts + +Beating one's breast was a gesture used to express great mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/08.md b/nam/02/08.md index 14c60b1aa7..a375bfd8fe 100644 --- a/nam/02/08.md +++ b/nam/02/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## plunder ## +# Nineveh is like a leaking pool of water, with its people fleeing away like rushing water -Things stolen by force, usually in war. +Nahum compares the way that the people flee from the city of Nineveh with the way that water gushes from a reservoir of water when the dam has been broken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## there is no end to it ## +# Take the silver plunder ... Nineveh's beautiful things -This is a way to say there is a huge amount of something. Alternate translation: "there is a huge amount of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +It is not clear who is speaking here. This may be an apostrophe in which Nahum gives directions to the attackers, or the attackers may be speaking and giving directions to one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## glory of all the beautiful things ## +# Take the silver plunder, take the gold plunder -Possible meanings: 1) "abundance of all the beautiful things" or 2) "amount of all the beautiful things" +The word "plunder" means things stolen by force, usually in war. AT: "Take the silver as plunder, take the gold as plunder" or "Take the silver, take the gold" -## One's heart melts ## +# there is no end to it -"The people lose their courage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "no end" are an exaggeration to express that there is a great amount of something. AT: "there is so much of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# to the splendor of all Nineveh's beautiful things + +This phrase refers to the silver, gold, and other treasures in Nineveh. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "there is no end to the splendor of all Nineveh's beautiful treasures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Everyone's heart melts + +Nahum speaks of the people losing courage as if their hearts melt like wax. AT: "Everyone loses courage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# everyone's knees strike together + +This describes a physical response to great fear. The people's legs shake so badly that their knees knock together and they are unable to walk or run. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/11.md b/nam/02/11.md index 2e08dff0b1..c8c20834e5 100644 --- a/nam/02/11.md +++ b/nam/02/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## lion's den ## +# General Information: -Nineveh is being compared to a lion's den because it is a place where killers live and a place where they bring back what they have stolen from the people they have killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +In these verses, Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were a group of lions, and of the city Nineveh as if it were their den. The metaphor speaks of the way in which the Assyrians would conquer other people and take their possessions as their own as if they were lions hunting prey and bringing the dead animals back to their den. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## strangled ## +# Where now is the lions' den ... afraid of nothing? -"choked." Lions bite their victims' throats to prevent them from breathing. +Nahum uses this rhetorical question to mock Nineveh, which has been destroyed. AT: "The lions' den is nowhere to be found ... afraid of nothing." or "Look at what has become of the lions' den ... afraid of nothing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## filled his cave with victims and his dens with his prey ## +# he strangled victims -These two phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. A lion's den would be in a cave and the prey are the animal victims the lion has killed. "filled his home with those he has killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"he choked victims." This is probably a reference to the way that lions usually kill their prey, by biting its throat. AT: "he killed his victims" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# filled his cave with victims, his dens with torn carcasses + +These two phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. The verb may be supplied for the second phrase. AT: "filled his cave with victims, and filled his dens with torn carcasses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/13.md b/nam/02/13.md index e7cfb2cc08..63607cb8ec 100644 --- a/nam/02/13.md +++ b/nam/02/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## See ## +# See, I am against you -"Understand this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here Yahweh begins to speak. -## the sword will devour your young lions. ## +# See -"your soldiers will die violent deaths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Look" or "Listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## the sword ## +# the sword will devour your young lions -"soldiers with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who attack with swords and is spoken of as if it were a person who eats its victims. Nahum also continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as if they were lions. AT: "attackers will kill your people with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## devour ## +# I will cut off your prey from your land -"eat all of" +Yahweh speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were lions who preyed upon the nations. Possible meanings are 1) the word "prey" is a metonym for the things that they have taken from those upon whom they preyed, and Yahweh speaks of taking those things away from them as if it were cutting off their prey. AT: "I will take away from your land all the things that you took from others" or 2) Yahweh speaks of the nations whom the people of Nineveh had plundered as if they were Nineveh's prey, and preventing Nineveh from plundering any more nations as if he were cutting off their prey. AT: "I will stop you from preying upon any other nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your young lions ## +# the voices of your messengers will be heard no more -"your best young men" - -## I will cut off your prey from your land ## - -The word "prey" refers to the nations Nineveh steals resources and treasure from. This means that Yahweh will destroy Nineveh's ability to steal from other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This likely refers to the messengers that the Assyrians sent out to other nations to demand surrender or payment of tribute. This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will ever hear the voices of your messengers again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/intro.md b/nam/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d4e91807df --- /dev/null +++ b/nam/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Nahum 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +Despite being divided into three chapters, this book contains one long prophecy. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Complete destruction ##### +At that time, Assyria controlled almost the entire Near East. Nahum prophesied that the Assyrians would be so completely destroyed as a nation that they would no longer even be a people group. This prophecy came true and did so very suddenly. At times, this chapter is very violent in describing the destruction of Assyria, and this violence should not be toned down through the use of euphemism. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nahum 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/01.md b/nam/03/01.md index b1ab727443..b4eaa38881 100644 --- a/nam/03/01.md +++ b/nam/03/01.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -Nahum continues describing the destruction of Nineveh in poetry that began in [Nahum 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: UDB and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## the city full of blood ## +Nahum often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here he continues to describe the destruction of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Nineveh's soldiers killed many people. Alternate translation: "the city responsible for many people's deaths" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the city full of blood + +Here the word "blood" represents bloodshed and refers to the people who have committed murder. AT: "the city full of murderers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It is all full of lies + +Here the word "lies" is a metonym for those who tell lies. AT: "It is full of liars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the noise of whips and the sound of rattling wheels, prancing horses, and bounding chariots + +These phrases describe the sound of chariots rushing through the streets as their drivers use their whips on the horses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/03.md b/nam/03/03.md index 149306dc81..87fa28da42 100644 --- a/nam/03/03.md +++ b/nam/03/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## corpses ## +# heaps of corpses, great piles of bodies + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and indicate that there were so many dead bodies that the attackers piled them in heaps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# corpses bodies of people who have died -## There is no end of the bodies ## +# There is no end to the bodies -"There are many bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +The words "no end" are an exaggeration for the great number of bodies that the attackers piled into heaps. AT: "There are too many bodies to count" or "There are a great number of bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## beautiful prostitute...expert in witchcraft ## +# the lustful actions of the beautiful prostitute -As prostitutes sell physical pleasure and witches sell knowledge and power gained through magic, the people of Nineveh sell people they have taken in war and take profit from their sin. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Nahum speaks of Nineveh causing other nations to be subject to her as if the city were a prostitute who seduces men with her beauty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the expert in witchcraft + +Nahum speaks of Nineveh causing other nations to be subject to her as if the city were a witch who casts a spells on others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who sells nations through her prostitution, and peoples through her acts of witchcraft + +Here the word "sells" implies that the people of Nineveh cause other nations and peoples to become slaves. Nineveh uses her beauty, power, and influence to make others her slaves. AT: "who by her prostitution and witchcraft causes the people of other nations to become her slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/05.md b/nam/03/05.md index de86f7ab16..477828a836 100644 --- a/nam/03/05.md +++ b/nam/03/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## See ## +# See -This word serves to draw attention to what comes next. +"Look" or "Listen." This word adds emphasis to what is said next. AT: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## who will weep for her?' Where can I find anyone to comfort you? ## +# I will raise up your skirt over your face and show your private parts to the nations -Alternate translation: "no one will cry for her,' and I cannot find anyone to comfort her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the practice of publicly humiliating prostitutes by stripping them naked in front of the community. This continues the metaphor of Yahweh speaking of the city of Nineveh as if it were a prostitute. AT: "I will publicly humiliate you, as one would humiliate a prostitute by raising up her skirt over her face and showing her private parts to all the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your shame to the kingdoms + +This phrase explains the purpose of lifting up Nineveh's skirt. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "I will show your shame to the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# I will throw disgusting filth on you + +The words "disgusting filth" refer to all kinds of garbage. Throwing garbage at a person was a sign of strong contempt. AT: "I will show my contempt for you, like a person would throw disgusting filth at another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# who will weep for her? + +The people ask this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer. AT: "no one will weep for her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Where can I find anyone to comfort you? + +Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there will be no one who will be able to comfort Nineveh. AT: "There will be no one to comfort you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/08.md b/nam/03/08.md index 35e605faa1..178a9e5d10 100644 --- a/nam/03/08.md +++ b/nam/03/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +# General Information: -## are you better than Thebes...? ## +Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "you are not better than Thebes...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# are you better than Thebes ... itself? -## Thebes ## +Nahum asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer that it anticipates. AT: "you are not better than Thebes ... itself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -the former capital of Egypt, which the Assyrians had conquered +# Thebes -## whose defense was the ocean, whose wall was the sea itself ## +This was the former capital of Egypt, which the Assyrians had conquered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -The Nile River surrounded Thebes and made attacking it difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# that was built on the Nile River -## defense...wall ## +"that was situated by the Nile River" -Ancient cities had a main "wall" to keep attackers out, and an outer line of "defense" to keep attackers from the wall. +# whose defense was the ocean, whose wall was the sea itself -## ocean...sea ## +These two phrases share similar meanings. The words "ocean" and "sea" both refer to the Nile River, which ran near the city. Nahum speaks of the Nile as if it were the wall that protected the city. AT: "which had the Nile river as its defenses, as some cities have a wall for theirs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -If these words are the same in your language, use a general term for a large body of water for "sea." \ No newline at end of file +# Cush and Egypt were her strength + +"Ethiopia and Egypt strengthened her" or "Cush and Egypt were her allies" + +# there was no end to it + +The word "it" refers to the "strength" that Cush and Egypt gave to Thebes. That there was no end to it is a hyperbole that expresses the great amount of strength. AT: "their strength was very great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Put and Libya + +These are the names of places in northern Africa that were close to Thebes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/10.md b/nam/03/10.md index e91a663095..588bccae35 100644 --- a/nam/03/10.md +++ b/nam/03/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +# General Information: -## Yet ## +Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This continues the comparison of Nineveh and Thebes from [Nahum 3:8](./08.md). Possible meanings: "nevertheless" (See: UDB) or "even so" +# Yet Thebes was carried away -## Thebes ## +The word "Thebes" represents the people who lived in Thebes. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yet those who attacked Thebes carried the people away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -the former capital of Egypt, which the Assyrians had conquered +# she went into captivity -## she...her ## +The word "she" refers to Thebes and represents the people who lived there. AT: "they went into captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Thebes. +# her young children were dashed in pieces -## dashed in pieces ## +This is a brutal description of the soldiers killing children. This can be stated in active form. AT: "enemy soldiers dashed her young children to pieces" or "enemy soldiers beat her young children to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -The invaders killed the children of Thebes as easily as one breaks a clay pot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# at the head of every street -## bound in chains ## +The beginning of a street is spoken of as if it were the head. Also, "every" is a generalization that means many places all over the city. AT: "on every street corner" or "in the streets all over the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -put into slavery. AT: "became slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# all her great men were bound in chains + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they bound all her great men in chains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You also will become drunk + +Here the word "You" refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh suffering and dying in battle as if they had become drunk from drinking too much wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/12.md b/nam/03/12.md index 6b4abc1325..84dc2fa3ac 100644 --- a/nam/03/12.md +++ b/nam/03/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,43 @@ -Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +# General Information: -## fortresses ## +Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This term, which could also be rendered as "strongholds" refers to all of Nineveh and the Assyrian empire. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# All your fortresses -## All your fortresses will be like fig trees with the earliest ripe figs: if they are shaken, they fall into the mouth of the eater ## +Possible meanings for the word "fortresses" are 1) it refers to Nineveh's fortifications, such as the wall that surrounded the city AT: "All of your fortifications" or "All of your defenses" or 2) it refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria's borders and prevented enemy armies from attacking Nineveh. AT: "All of your fortified cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -The city of Nineveh will be easy to take like fruit from a tree. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# All your fortresses will be like fig trees with the earliest ripe figs: if they are shaken, they fall into the mouth of the eater -## the people among you are like women ## +Nahum compares the ease with which the attackers will conquer Nineveh with the ease with which a person can cause ripe figs to fall from a tree. AT: "Your enemies will destroy your fortresses as easily as a person can shake a fig tree and eat the first ripe figs that fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -"your people are weak and cannot defend themselves" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# the earliest ripe figs -## bars of...gates ## +This refers to the figs that would ripen first on the tree. These figs fell from the tree easily, so that a person only had to shake the tree to make them fall. Figs that ripened later would require a person to climb the tree and pick them by hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -large beams of wood that give the gates strength and do not allow it to be opened from outside the city. Burning these would make it impossible to close the city again. \ No newline at end of file +# if they are shaken + +"if the trees are shaken." This can be stated in active form. AT: "if a person shakes the trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they fall into the mouth of the eater + +"the figs fall into the mouth of the eater." This is an exaggeration. By saying that the figs fall from the tree into the mouth of the one who eats it, Nahum emphasizes that the figs are ready to eat immediately. AT: "a person can eat the fig immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the people among you are women + +In this ancient culture, women were not warriors for a number of reasons, including their being generally weaker physically than men. Here Nahum speaks of Nineveh's warriors losing their strength and courage to fight as if the people in the city were all women. AT: "your people are all like women who are weak and cannot defend themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the gates of your land are wide open to your enemies" or "someone has opened wide to your enemies the gates of your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies + +Possible meanings are 1) if "fortresses" in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh's defenses, then "the gates of your land" refers to the gates in the walls around Nineveh. AT: "the gates of your city are wide open for your enemies to attack" or 2) if "fortresses" in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria's borders, then "the gates of your land" is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. AT: "your land is defenseless before your enemies because they have destroyed the cities that protected your borders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fire has devoured their bars + +Possible meanings are 1) if "fortresses" in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh's defenses, then "their bars" refers to the bars that locked the gates in the walls around Nineveh. AT: "fire has destroyed the bars that lock your city gates" or 2) if "fortresses" in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria's borders, then "their bars" is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were locked gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. AT: "the cities on your borders can no longer protect you, just as gates can no longer protect a city when fire has destroyed their bars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fire has devoured + +Nahum speaks of fire burning up and destroying as if fire were eating. AT: "fire has destroyed" or "fire has burned up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/14.md b/nam/03/14.md index bdfae25d41..e845fa171b 100644 --- a/nam/03/14.md +++ b/nam/03/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +# General Information: -## It will devour you like the locusts ## +Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -there will be nothing left. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# Go draw water for the siege ... pick up the molds for the bricks -## It ## +Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle and to repair the walls, although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -the "fire" and "sword" +# strengthen your fortresses -## Multiply yourselves like locusts, like grasshoppers ## +"repair the fortifications" -"Multiply yourself like locusts! Multiply yourself like grasshoppers!" These words seem to go more with [Nahum 3:16](./16.md) than with 3:15. +# go into the clay and tread the mortar; pick up the molds for the bricks -## Multiply...like locusts ## +These phrases refer to making mud bricks that they will use to repair the city's wall. -This means they would become a very large city with many people and destroy many lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Fire will devour you there + +Nahum speaks of fire burning and destroying as if it were eating. AT: "Fire will destroy you there" or "Your enemies will burn you with fire there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the sword will destroy you + +Here the word "sword" is a metonym for the enemies who will attack with swords. AT: "your enemies will kill you with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It will devour you as young locusts devour everything + +The word "It" refers to the "sword," which is personified as eating those whom it kills. The soldiers using their swords to kill everyone in Nineveh is compared with the way that a swarm of locusts eats every plant in its path. AT: "Your enemies' swords will kill all of you, just as easily as a swarm of locusts devours everything in its path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Make yourselves as many as the young locusts, as many as the full-grown locusts + +These words begin a new paragraph where Nahum compares the number of people in Nineveh with the large number of locusts in a swarm. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/16.md b/nam/03/16.md index 853c45611c..ca26a4349e 100644 --- a/nam/03/16.md +++ b/nam/03/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +# General Information: -## You have multiplied your merchants more than the stars in the heavens ## +Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -The merchants of Nineveh are as impossible to count as the stars in the sky. AT: "You have more merchants than anyone could count." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# You have multiplied your merchants more than the stars in the heavens -## merchants ## +This exaggeration emphasizes the great number of merchants who lived and worked in Nineveh. AT: "It is as if you have more merchants than there are stars in the sky" or "You have more merchants than anyone could count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -"traders" or "ones who buy and sell things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# they are like young locusts: they plunder the land and then fly away -## princes ## +Nahum compares the way that these merchants, who have made their profit by selling their goods in Nineveh, will flee from the city when the battle begins with the way that locusts fly away after they have eaten all of the plants in their path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -Use a word for political "leaders" (UDB). +# your generals are like swarms of them that camp in the walls on a cold day. But when the sun rises they fly away -## generals ## +Nahum compares the way that the officials in Nineveh will flee when the battle starts with the way that locusts will remain still while it is cold, but will fly away when the sun rises and the air becomes warm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -Use a word for military "leaders" or other government authorities. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +# to no one knows where + +"and no one knows where they have gone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/18.md b/nam/03/18.md index c57ed710ad..7205104df1 100644 --- a/nam/03/18.md +++ b/nam/03/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Who has escaped your constant wickedness? ## +# your shepherds are asleep; your rulers are lying down resting -AT: "Your constant wicked actions have hurt many people and nations." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two lines share similar meanings. Nahum speaks of the leaders of Assyria as if they were shepherd who are to care for their sheep. He speaks of the shepherds and rulers dying as if they had fallen asleep. AT: "your leaders who are like shepherds are dead; your rulers are all dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your people are scattered on the mountains + +Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were sheep that scatter after the shepherds have died. AT: "Your people are scattered like sheep on the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# No healing is possible for your wounds. Your wounds are severe + +Nahum speaks of the certainty of the destruction of Nineveh and the defeat of its king as if the king had suffered an incurable wound. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# No healing is possible for your wounds + +The word "healing" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "No one is able to heal your wounds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Who has escaped your constant wickedness? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. All of the nations that were near Assyria had suffered because of Assyria's constant wickedness. AT: "No one has escaped your constant wickedness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/03/intro.md b/nam/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6ca06dc8cd --- /dev/null +++ b/nam/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Nahum 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +Despite being divided into three chapters, the book contains one long prophecy. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Euphemism ##### +This chapter speaks about the evils of the Assyrians in violent ways. It is important to avoiding toning down this language through the use of euphemism, if at all possible. Although there is some hyperbole, the reader should not assume that the author intends this writing to be taken as completely hyperbolic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nahum 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/front/intro.md b/nam/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d56c51fa93 --- /dev/null +++ b/nam/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# Introduction to Nahum # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Nahum #### + +1. Introduction to "the book of the vision of Nahum" (1:1) +1. The coming destruction of Nineveh + - The power and goodness of Yahweh to conquer his enemies (1:2–8) + - The destruction of Nineveh because of its people's evil (1:9–15) +1. The fierceness of the coming attack on Nineveh (2:1–13) +1. The doom of Nineveh and the mockery of it by its enemies (3:1–19) + +#### What was the Book of Nahum about? #### + +The Book of Nahum was about the coming destruction of Nineveh, the capital city of the Assyrian Empire. The prophecy ended with a celebration by the prophet Nahum and the enemies of Assyria. The book's purpose was to give hope to Judah. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may decide to translate this traditional title, "The Book of Nahum," in a way that is clearer to the readers. They may decide to call it "The Sayings of Nahum." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Nahum? #### + +It is probable that Nahum wrote this book. He was a prophet from Elkosh, an unknown city which was probably in Judah. The book was written before the fall of Nineveh in about 612 B.C. The prophet also mentions the destruction of Thebes, a city in Egypt, which occurred about 663 B.C. These facts allow us to have an approximate date for the Book of Nahum. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is the importance of the descriptions of locusts in 3:15–17? #### + +Locust attacks occurred all too frequently in the ancient Near East. Certain kinds of grasshoppers would come in countless numbers, darkening the sky like a black cloud that blotted out the sunlight. They often came after a prolonged period without rain. They came down on whatever crops were surviving in the fields and stripped them bare of their leaves. The locusts were irresistible and always brought catastrophe with them. For this reason locust attacks served as a very powerful image of military attacks in the Old Testament. + +Locust attacks were frequently mentioned in the Old Testament, sometimes as threatened punishment from God, as, for example, one of the ten plagues that he inflicted on Egypt. + +There are various names for locusts in the original language of the Old Testament. It is uncertain whether these refer to different kinds of locusts or to the same kind of locust in different stages of growth. For this reason, versions of the Bible differ in how they translate these terms. +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What emotions were present in the various speakers in the Book of Nahum? #### + +Nahum's message presented the prophet speaking to the people of Israel and both the prophet and Yahweh speaking to the city of Nineveh. In speaking to the Israelites, the prophet wanted to comfort them. However, when speaking to the people of Nineveh, the prophet and Yahweh brought harsh judgment that was often mixed with mockery. This manner of speech was similar to speech in the custom of the ancient Near East, where it was usual for conquerors to laugh at their victims. It is important for translators to represent well both the emotions of comfort and of mockery in translation. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/01/01.md b/neh/01/01.md index a6ec8030fc..2db80509db 100644 --- a/neh/01/01.md +++ b/neh/01/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Nehemiah...Hacaliah...Hanani ## +# Nehemiah ... Hakaliah ... Hanani These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in the month of Kislev ## +# in the month of Kislev -This is the Jewish name for the ninth month of their calendar year. +"Kislev" is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in the twentieth year ## +# in the twentieth year -AT: "in the twentieth year of the reign of Artaxerxes, King of Persia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Nehemiah is referring to the number of years that Artaxerxes had been reigning as king. AT: "in the twentieth year of the reign of Artaxerxes, King of Persia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## fortress city of Susa ## +# fortress of Susa -This was a royal city of Persian kings, located in the country of Elam, far away from Judah. It was a large city with walls. +This was one of the royal cities of Persian kings, located in the country of Elam. It was a large, fortified city with high walls surrounding it. -## one of my brothers ## +# one of my brothers, Hanani -AT: "one of my fellow Jews" +Hanani was Nehemiah's biological brother. -## the Jews who had escaped ## +# Hanani, came with some people from Judah -AT: "the Jews who had returned to Jerusalem from the captivity" +"Hanani came from Judah with some other people" -## the remnant of the Jews ## +# the Jews who had escaped, the remnant of the Jews who were there -AT: "the Jews who had survived the Babylonian captivity" \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases refer to the same group of people. Possible meanings are 1) the few Jews who were taken as exiles to Babylon but escaped and returned to live in Jerusalem or 2) the few Jews who had escaped from those who were trying to take them into exile in Babylon and so remained in Jerusalem. Since it is unclear from where they escaped, it may be best not to specify in the translation. AT: "the Jews who had escaped the exile and who remained in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/01/03.md b/neh/01/03.md index e0031581de..4b3cc99ba2 100644 --- a/neh/01/03.md +++ b/neh/01/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## They said to me ## +# They said to me -Here "they" refers to Hanani and the other people who had come from Judah. (See [Nehemiah 1:1](./01.md)). +Here "They" refers to Hanani and the other people who had come from Judah. -## the province ## +# the province -This is an area of land controlled by a king or greater ruler. AT: "Judah" or "the land of Judah" +Here "province" refers to Judah as an administrative district under the Persian Empire. AT: "the province of Judah" or "Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the captivity ## +# the wall of Jerusalem has been broken open, and its gates have been set on fire -This refers specifically to the Babylonian captivity. - -## disgrace ## - -"dishonor" or "humiliation from enemies" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "armies have broken open the wall of Jerusalem and have set its gates on fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/01/04.md b/neh/01/04.md index 7ab94bd24c..a7bdc1282d 100644 --- a/neh/01/04.md +++ b/neh/01/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Yahweh, you are the God of heaven ## +# Then I said -AT: "O Yahweh, God of heaven" +Nehemiah tells what he prayed. AT: "Then I said to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the God who is great ## +# Yahweh -"the God who is important" or "the God who is powerful" +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -## who keeps ## +# who love him and keep his commandments -"who guards" or "who follows" or "who protects" God does not forsake his promise to Israel. \ No newline at end of file +Since Nehemiah is speaking to Yahweh, the pronouns "him" and "his" can be translated as "you" and "your." AT: "who love you and keep your commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/01/06.md b/neh/01/06.md index 9ff7e42d80..200cadfd85 100644 --- a/neh/01/06.md +++ b/neh/01/06.md @@ -1,31 +1,15 @@ -## Listen to my prayer and open your eyes ## +# open your eyes -"Let your ear be attentive and your eyes opened" +"look at me." Here "open your eyes" is a metaphor that represents paying attention to someone. AT: "pay attention to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Listen to ## +# so you may hear the prayer of your servant -AT: "give your attention to" or "please consider" or "give ear to" +"so that you may hear the prayer that I, your servant, am praying." The word "servant" refers to Nehemiah. This is how a person would address his superior in order to show humility and respect. -## open your eyes ## +# day and night -Nehemiah is speaking with God as if he has human attributes. AT: "see and respond" or "look at what is happening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +By saying that he prays both during the day and during the night, Nehemiah emphasizes the frequency of his prayers. AT: "all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## so that you may hear the prayer of your servant ## +# Both I and my father's house -The word "servant" refers to Nehemiah. This is how a person would address his superior. Referring to oneself in this way showed humility and respect. - -## day and night ## - -This phrase uses two extremes in time to convey all the time. - AT: "without stopping" or "all of the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) - -## confessing the sins ## - -AT: "admitting guilt for the sins" - -## And I and and the house of my father ## - -"Both I and my father's house" - -## We have acted very wickedly ## - -AT: "We have lived very sinful lives." \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "house" represents family. AT: "Both I and my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/01/08.md b/neh/01/08.md index 9c58ff2bfb..33800fd808 100644 --- a/neh/01/08.md +++ b/neh/01/08.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -Nehemiah continues his prayer to God and quotes the promise God had made to Moses much earlier. +# Connecting Statement: -## Please call to mind ## +Nehemiah continues praying to God. -AT: "Please remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# Please call to mind -## the word you commanded your servant Moses ## +To "call to mind" is an idiom that means to remember. AT: "Please remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the word you commanded your servant Moses The pronouns "you" and "your" refer to God. -## If you ... scatter you ... but if you return ... ## +# If you act unfaithfully ... scatter you ... if you return ... your people -These pronouns "you" refer to God's people. +The pronouns "you" and "your" are plural and refer to the Israelite people. -## I will scatter you ## +# I will scatter you among the nations -"I will disperse you" or "I will split you up" +Yahweh speaks of causing the Israelite people to live in other nations as if he scattered them like one would scatter seeds. AT: "I will cause you to live among the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## return to me ## +# though your people were scattered -"turn back to me" or "come back to me" or "become faithful to me again" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "though I scattered your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to that place ## +# under the farthest skies -"to the land of Israel" +Yahweh speaks of places on the earth that are very far away as being "under the farthest skies." AT: "to places very far away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## where I have chosen to make my name remain ## +# to that place where I have chosen ... remain -AT: "where I have decided to make my name dwell" or "where I make myself known" or "where I have shown the world who I am" \ No newline at end of file +This phrase refers to Jerusalem, where the temple was located. AT: "to Jerusalem, where I have chosen ... remain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# where I have chosen to make my name remain + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "where I have chosen to dwell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/01/10.md b/neh/01/10.md index 0d418cc78c..43561da792 100644 --- a/neh/01/10.md +++ b/neh/01/10.md @@ -1,37 +1,39 @@ -Nehemiah continues his prayer to God. +# General Information: -## Now they are your servants ## +Nehemiah continues his prayer. -The word "they" refers to the Israelites, and "your" refers to God. +# Now -## Now ## +This word is used here to mark a break in Nehemiah's prayer. Here he begins to make his request based on Yahweh's promise. -This word is used here to shift from words which God spoke to Moses (see [Nehemiah 1:8](./08.md)) to words which Nehemiah is speaking to God. +# they are your servants -## your strong hand ## +The word "they" refers to the Israelite people. -Nehemiah gives human characteristics to God. "Hand" here represents strength, power, or control. AT: "your great strength". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# by your great power and by your strong hand -## Listen now ## +Here "hand" represents strength or power. Together, these two phrases form a doublet that emphasizes the intensity of Yahweh's power. AT: "by your great power and by your mighty strength" or "by your very powerful strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -AT: "Let your ear be attentive" +# the prayer of your servant -## the prayer of your servant ## +Here "servant" refers to Nehemiah. This is how a person would address his superior in order to show humility and respect. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 1:6](./06.md). -The word "servant" refers to Nehemiah. This is how a person would address his superior. Referring to oneself in this way showed humility and respect. +# the prayer of your servants -## your servants who delight to... ## +Here "servants" refers to the rest of the Israelite people who would have been praying for Yahweh to act on behalf of his people and on behalf of Jerusalem. -AT: "your servants who are happy to..." OR "your servants who are pleased to..." +# who delight to honor your name -## to honor your name ## +Here "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "who delight to honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"to revere your name" OR "to lift up your reputation" +# grant him mercy in the sight of this man -## grant him ## +Here "him" refers to Nehemiah, who refers to himself in the third person to express his humility before God, and "this man" refers to Artaxerxes, the king of Persia. -Nehemiah is referring to himself in the third person to express his humility before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +# in the sight of this man -## in the sight of this man ## +Nehemiah speaks of the king's attitude or disposition as if it were how the king viewed something. AT: "grant that the king will have mercy on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"This man" refers to Artaxerxes, the King of Persia. \ No newline at end of file +# I served as cupbearer to the king + +This is background information about Nehemiah's role in the king's court. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/01/intro.md b/neh/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c1cc41f812 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Nehemiah 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### "The words of Nehemiah son of Hacaliah:" ##### +This phrase serves as an introduction to this entire book. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Repentance ##### +This chapter is a single long record of Nehemiah's repentance on behalf of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### I ##### +While the author of this book is probably Ezra, the word "I" always refers to Nehemiah. + +##### Israel ##### +It is uncertain to whom "Israel" refers. It probably does not refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. Neither does it likely refer to the twelve tribes of Israel. Instead, it is probably a reference to Israel in the sense of the surviving people group. At Nehemiah's time, this people group exclusively comprised the tribe of Judah because the other tribes had already been scattered throughout the entire Near East, where they lost their identity, for the most part. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Nehemiah intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/01.md b/neh/02/01.md index cb6080c489..b8d791cffd 100644 --- a/neh/02/01.md +++ b/neh/02/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## In the month of Nisan ## +# In the month of Nisan -Translators may write a footnote that says something like “Nisan is a month in the spring. It overlaps with March and April.” AT: “In the spring.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +"Nisan" is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) -## in the twentieth year ## +# in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"in the 20th year that Artaxerxes was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## But the king ## +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Nehemiah tells background information about his demeanor before the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# But the king "So the king" -## Why is your face so sad? ## +# Why is your face so sad -The face expresses one's emotions, so it is like saying "Why are you so sad?" +Here Nehemiah is referred to by his face because the face shows one's emotions. AT: "Why are you so sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## You do not appear to be ill ## +# This must be sadness of heart -"You do not look like you are sick" +This speaks of Nehemiah being sad as if his heart were sad, since the heart is often considered the center of emotions. AT: "You must be very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## This must be sadness of heart ## +# Then I became very much afraid -The heart is the center of emotions. AT: "You must be very sad." - -## Then I became very much afraid ## - -As Nehemiah prepares to answer, he does not know how the king will respond. \ No newline at end of file +As Nehemiah prepares to answer, he is afraid because he does not know how the king will respond. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/03.md b/neh/02/03.md index 0c82f1498f..e2b3a141f8 100644 --- a/neh/02/03.md +++ b/neh/02/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## May the king live forever! ## +# May the king live forever -"Long live the king!" or "May the king have a long life!" Nehemiah is showing honor to King Artaxerxes. +Nehemiah is showing honor to King Artaxerxes. Here "forever" is an exaggeration that refers to a long life. AT: "Long live the king" or "May the king have a long life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Why should not my face be sad? ## +# Why should not my face be sad? -"I am very sad." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Here Nehemiah uses this rhetorical question to tell the king that he has a reason to be sad. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I have very good reasons to be sad." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the place of my father's tombs ## +# the place of my fathers' tombs -AT: "the place of my ancestors" +"the place where my ancestors are buried" -## lies in ruins ## +# its gates have been destroyed by fire -"is destroyed" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fire has destroyed its gates" or "our enemy has burned its gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/04.md b/neh/02/04.md index 5bb336eb8a..69c3b5bdf5 100644 --- a/neh/02/04.md +++ b/neh/02/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## I replied to the king ## +# I replied to the king "Then I replied to the king" -## If it seems good to the king, and if your servant has done well in your sight ## +# your servant -Nehemiah is referring to himself in the third person to express his humility before the king. AT: "If it pleases you, and if I have earned your favor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +Nehemiah refers to himself this way to show his submission to the king. -## the city of my fathers' tombs ## +# in your sight -AT: "the city of my ancestors." \ No newline at end of file +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the city of my fathers' tombs + +"the city where my ancestors are buried" + +# that I may rebuild it + +Nehemiah does not plan to do all of the building himself, but he will be the leader of the work. AT: "that I and my people may rebuild it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/07.md b/neh/02/07.md index b9c86880a1..631e6d2287 100644 --- a/neh/02/07.md +++ b/neh/02/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## may letters be given to me ## +# may letters be given to me -This passive phrase expresses a servant speaking to a king. These letters would show that Nehemiah had the permission of the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This may be stated in active form. AT: "may you give letters to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## governors ## +# the Province Beyond the River -These were Persian government administrators. Persia controlled all the territory from Persia to Egypt, including Judah. +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. -## beyond the River ## +# Asaph -"beyond the Euphrates River" This was a largest river in the Near East. +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the fortress next to the temple ## +# the good hand of God was on me -"the fortress belonging to the temple" - -## the good hand of God was on me ## - -This phrase conveys God's guidance and favor. AT: "God's favor was upon me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +God's "good hand" represents his "favor." AT: "God's favor was upon me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/09.md b/neh/02/09.md index fb5ab12941..5e0c58700c 100644 --- a/neh/02/09.md +++ b/neh/02/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## beyond the River ## +# Sanballat the Horonite -"beyond the Euphrates River" +Sanballat is the name of a man, and the Horonites were a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Sanballat the Horonite ## +# Tobiah the Ammonite servant -Sanballat is the name of a man, and the Horonites were a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +This man was likely a freed slave now serving as an officer in Ammon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Tobiah the Ammonite servant ## +# heard this -This man was presumably a freed slave now serving as an officer in Ammon. \ No newline at end of file +"heard that I had arrived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/11.md b/neh/02/11.md index 3655612aa8..9ff9005213 100644 --- a/neh/02/11.md +++ b/neh/02/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## what my God had put into my heart to do for Jerusalem ## +# had put into my heart -"what my God had told me to do for Jerusalem" or "what my God had inspired me to do for Jerusalem" +Here Nehemiah's "heart" refers to his thoughts and will. AT: "had inspired me" or "had led me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## There was no animal with me ## +# There was no animal with me "There were no animals with me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/13.md b/neh/02/13.md index 4cb0d65a5c..1af54518b0 100644 --- a/neh/02/13.md +++ b/neh/02/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## I went out by night by the Valley Gate, toward the Jackal's Well, and to the Dung Gate ## +# General Information: -"At night, I went out through the Valley Gate, towards Jackal's well and the Dung Gate." +A few men accompanied Nehemiah on this inspection, but he speaks in the first person because he was the primary person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Valley Gate ## +# I went out by night by the Valley Gate -This gate was on the western or southwestern side of Jerusalem. +"At night, I went out through the Valley Gate" -## Jackal ## +# Jackal -"wild dog" +a wild dog -## Dung Gate ## +# Dung Gate -Presumably, refuse was removed from the city through this gate. \ No newline at end of file +Presumably, refuse was removed from the city through this gate. + +# which had been broken open, and the wooden gates were destroyed by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which Israel's enemies had broken open, and the wooden gates which their enemies had destroyed with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/15.md b/neh/02/15.md index 9665c69801..e6afb7a382 100644 --- a/neh/02/15.md +++ b/neh/02/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## So we went up ## +# So I went up ... and I turned back -The "we" can also be "I." AT: "So I went up" understanding that the other men with Nehemiah also followed him. +The other men with Nehemiah also followed him. AT: "So we went up ... and we turned back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## The rulers did not know ## +# by the Valley Gate -The rulers were the chief administrators or leaders. +"through the Valley Gate" -## the rest who did the work ## +# the rest who did the work -AT: "the others who would later do the work of rebuilding the walls" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the men who would later rebuild the walls. AT: "the others who would later do the work of rebuilding the walls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/17.md b/neh/02/17.md index b94de9b1ed..7c8d1ac549 100644 --- a/neh/02/17.md +++ b/neh/02/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## You see the trouble ## +# You see the trouble -Here "you" is plural, referring to all the people mentioned in [Nehemiah 2:15](./15.md). +Here "you" is plural, referring to all the people mentioned in [Nehemiah 02:16](./15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## so we will no longer be in disgrace ## +# its gates have been destroyed by fire -"so we will end this disgrace." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "how our enemies destroyed its gates by fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I told them ## +# so we will no longer be in disgrace -"Then I said to them" +"so we will no longer be ashamed" -## the good hand of my God was on me ## +# the good hand of my God was on me -Here "good hand" is a metonym for God's presence or power. AT: "the powerful help of God was upon me" or "God was with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +God's "good hand" represents his "favor." AT: "my God's favor was upon me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Let us rise up and build ## +# rise up and build -The phrase "rise up and build" is an idiom. AT: "Let us begin building." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "begin building" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## So they strengthened their hands for the good work ## +# So they strengthened their hands for the good work -"So they got ready to go to work" or "so they encouraged themselves to do the good work." \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "strengthened their hands" means to prepare to do something. AT: "So they prepared do this good work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/19.md b/neh/02/19.md index 550aad25e9..d886f5fb01 100644 --- a/neh/02/19.md +++ b/neh/02/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Sanballat...Tobiah...and Geshem ## +# Sanballat ... Tobiah -These are the names of men who resisted the effort to rebuild the walls and the gates. See [Nehemiah 2:9](./09.md). (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 02:9-10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Sanballat the Horonite ## +# Geshem -The Horonites were a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Are you rebelling against the king? ## +# What are you doing? Are you rebelling against the king? -The word "king" refers to Artaxerses, the King of Persia. +These rhetorical questions are used to mock Nehemiah. These can be written as statements. AT: "You are acting foolishly! You should not be rebelling against the king!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## We are his servants and we will arise and build ## +# the king -AT: "We his servants will begin rebuilding." +This refers to Artaxerses, the king of Persia. -## But you have no share, no right, and no historic claim in Jerusalem ## +# will arise and build -AT: “But you have no share, right, or religious claim in Jerusalem.” \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "will begin rebuilding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# But you have no share, no right, and no historic claim in Jerusalem + +"But you have no share, legal right, or religious claim to Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/02/intro.md b/neh/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..913dbf860c --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Nehemiah 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins the account of the construction of the wall. Many scholars believe these chapters teach valuable lessons on leadership. (See: [Nehemiah 2-6](./01.md)) + +##### Special concepts in this chapter ##### + +##### Nehemiah's character ##### +Apparently, Nehemiah's character made an impression on the king. It was very unusual for a king to be so concerned with one of his servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Cultural Customs ##### +In ancient Persia, they thought it was important for their conquered peoples to practice their own cultural customs. It was thought that this independence promoted peace in their vast kingdom. The rebuilding of Jerusalem may have been seen as a way to allow for the Jewish cultural practices. + +##### Yahweh's control ##### +Yahweh is seen as very powerful. He is able to provide for his people, even through a foreign king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/01.md b/neh/03/01.md index b9f337f79c..db09658b1c 100644 --- a/neh/03/01.md +++ b/neh/03/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Then Eliashib the high priest rose up ## +# Then Eliashib the high priest rose up with his brother priests -"Then Eliashib the high priest came forward" +"Then Eliashib the high priest came forward with his brothers, the priests" -## with his brother priests ## +# Eliashib ... Zaccur son of Imri -"with his brothers, the priests" \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Tower of the Hundred + +"Tower of the 100" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Tower of Hananel + +This is the name of a tower. It is likely named after a man named "Hananel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# men of Jericho + +This means that the men were from Jericho. AT: "men from Jericho" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/03.md b/neh/03/03.md index 82c5bd925b..54564bc850 100644 --- a/neh/03/03.md +++ b/neh/03/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Hassenaah...Meremoth...Uriah...Hakkoz...Meshullam...Berechiah...Meshezabel...Zadok...Baana ## +# Hassenaah ... Meremoth ... Uriah ... Hakkoz ... Meshullam ... Berechiah ... Meshezabel ... Zadok ... Baana -These are names of men who rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## they set its doors ## +# set its doors -"they installed its doors" or "they put its doors in place" +"installed its doors" or "put its doors in place" -## its bolts and its bars ## +# its bolts, and its bars -"its locking mechanisms" or "its locks" +"its locks and bars." These locked the gates securely. -## the Tekoites ## +# Meremoth repaired the next section ... Meshullam repaired ... Zadok repaired ... Tekoites repaired -These are workers from the town of Tekoa. +These phrases refer to repairing the wall. AT: "Meremoth repaired the next section of the wall ... Meshullam repaired the wall ... Zadok repaired the wall ... Tekoites repaired the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## their leaders refused to do the work ordered by their supervisors ## +# the Tekoites -The Hebrew word translated "supervisors" may have been intended to be a reference to the Lord their God. AT: "their noblemen refused to serve their Lord." \ No newline at end of file +These are people from the town of Tekoa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# ordered by their supervisors + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that their supervisors had ordered them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/06.md b/neh/03/06.md index 17d221da11..c88c56e1d7 100644 --- a/neh/03/06.md +++ b/neh/03/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Joiada...Paseah and Meshullam...Besodeia...Melatiah...Jadon ## +# Joiada ... Paseah and Meshullam ... Besodeiah ... Melatiah ... Jadon -These are all names of males. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## they set its doors ## +# set its doors -"they installed its doors" or "they put its doors in place" +"installed its doors" or "put its doors in place" -## its bolts and its bars ## +# its bolts, and its bars -"its locking mechanisms" or "its locks" +"its locks and bars." These locked the gates securely. -## Melatiah the Gibeonite...Jadon the Meronothite ## +# Gibeonite ... Meronothite -Gibeonites and Meronothites are people groups. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/peoplegroup]]) +Gibeonites and Meronothites are people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gibeon and Mizpah ## +# Gibeon and Mizpah These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the province beyond the River ## +# the Province Beyond the River -"the province near the Euphrates River" or "the near province at the Euphrates River" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 2:7](../02/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/08.md b/neh/03/08.md index f6c05d20dd..730cbfdcea 100644 --- a/neh/03/08.md +++ b/neh/03/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Uzziel...Harhaiah...Hananiah...Rephaiah...Hur...Jedaiah...Harumaph...Hattush...Hashabneiah ## +# Uzziel ... Harhaiah ... Hananiah ... Rephaiah ... Hur ... Jedaiah ... Harumaph ... Hattush ... Hashabneiah -These are names of males. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## goldsmith ## +# goldsmiths -a person who makes gold jewelry and other gold objects +A goldsmith is a person who makes gold jewelry and other gold objects. -## perfumes ## +# goldsmiths, repaired ... Hur repaired ... Harumaph repaired ... Hashabneiah repaired + +These phrases refer to repairing the wall. AT: "goldsmiths, repaired the wall ... Hur repaired the wall ... Harumaph repaired the wall ... Hashabneiah repaired the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# next to him was Hananiah, a maker of perfumes + +Hananiah repaired the wall as well. AT: "next to him Hananiah, a maker of perfumes, repaired the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# perfumes liquid substances that people put on their body in small amounts to smell pleasant -## He was the ruler ## +# ruler -"He was the chief administrator" or "He was the leader" \ No newline at end of file +"chief administrator" or "leader" + +# half the district + +"Half" means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/11.md b/neh/03/11.md index c23095999a..03ac51341f 100644 --- a/neh/03/11.md +++ b/neh/03/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Malchijah...Harim, and Hasshub...Pahathmoab...Shallum...Hallohesh ## +# Malchijah ... Harim ... Hasshub ... Pahath-Moab ... Shallum ... Hallohesh -These are all names of males (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## repaired another section ## +# repaired another section ... repaired, along with his daughters -"repaired another section of the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +These phrase refer to repairing the wall. AT: "repaired another section of the wall ... repaired the wall, along with his daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Tower of the Ovens ## +# Shallum son of Hallohesh, the ruler -Presumably, this wall section contained ovens for cooking and baking. +Shallum was the ruler, not Hallohesh. -## Next to them ## +# ruler -This refers to the person working on the next stretch of the wall. +"chief administrator" or "leader" -## ruler of half the district of Jerusalem ## +# half the district -The "ruler" was the chief administrator or leader. - -## along with his daughters ## - -Daughters, as well as sons, did the repair work. \ No newline at end of file +"Half" means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/13.md b/neh/03/13.md index f70c87f6a2..b8f3a1d234 100644 --- a/neh/03/13.md +++ b/neh/03/13.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## Hanun ## +# Hanun -This is the name of a male. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Zanoah ## +# the inhabitants of Zanoah + +"the people from Zanoah" + +# Zanoah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## They built it ## +# the Valley Gate -"They rebuilt it" or "They rebuilt the gate" +"the Gate of the Valley" or "the Gate that Leads to the Valley." Try to translate this expression as a name, not just as a description. -## Valley Gate ## +# set its doors -"the gate of the valley" or "the gate that leads to the valley" +"installed its doors" or "put its doors in place" -## they...set its doors ## +# its bolts, and its bars -"they installed its doors" or "they put its doors in place" +"its locks and bars." These locked the gates securely. -## its bolts and its bars ## +# They repaired a thousand cubits as far as the Dung Gate -"its locking mechanisms" or "its locks" +They repaired the portion of the wall between the Valley Gate and the Dung Gate. AT: "They repaired a thousand cubits of the wall, from the Valley Gate to the Dung Gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## They repaired a thousand cubits ## +# They repaired a thousand cubits -AT: "They repaired another thousand cubits of the wall beyond the Valley Gate” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +The missing words "of the wall" may be added. AT: "They repaired a thousand cubits of the wall" or "They repaired another thousand cubits of the wall beyond the Valley Gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## cubit ## +# a thousand cubits -a unit of measure roughly the length from the elbow to the tip of the fingers +"1,000 cubits." This may be written in modern measurements. AT: "460 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the Dung Gate ## +# the Dung Gate -Presumably, refuse was removed from the city through this gate. \ No newline at end of file +Presumably, refuse was removed from the city through this gate. Try to translate this expression as a name, not just as a description. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/14.md b/neh/03/14.md index 93c075c718..38a84ca604 100644 --- a/neh/03/14.md +++ b/neh/03/14.md @@ -1,35 +1,31 @@ -## Malchijah...Rechab ## +# Malchijah ... Recab ... Shallun ... Kol-Hozeh -These are names of males. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Bethhaccherem ## +# Malchijah son of Recab, the ruler -This is the name of a place. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Malchijah was the ruler, not Recab. -## he...set its doors ## +# ruler -"he installed its doors" or "he put its doors in place" +"chief administrator" or "leader" -## its bolts and its bars ## +# Beth Hakkerem -"its locking mechanisms" or "its locks" +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shallun...Colhozeh ## +# He ... set its doors -These are names of males. +"He installed its doors" or "He put its doors in place" -## the district of Mizpah ## +# its bolts, and its bars -Mizpah is a city to the northwest of Jerusalem. +"its locks, and its bars." These locked the gates securely. -## the Fountain Gate ## +# Shallun son of Kol-Hozeh, the ruler -"the gate that leads to the fountain” +Shallun was the ruler, not Kol-Hozeh. -## the wall of the Pool of Siloam ## +# the wall of the Pool of Siloam -"the wall that surrounded the Pool of Siloam" - -## king’s garden ## - -a known location along the wall that, at one time, enclosed the royal garden \ No newline at end of file +This means that the wall was beside the Pool of Siloam. AT: "the wall that surrounded the Pool of Siloam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/16.md b/neh/03/16.md index 385f2e6e77..2a9e439488 100644 --- a/neh/03/16.md +++ b/neh/03/16.md @@ -1,47 +1,35 @@ -## Nehemiah ## +# Nehemiah ... Azbuk ... Rehum ... Bani ... Hashabiah -A different Nehemiah from the person who authored this book +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## ruler ## +# Nehemiah son of Azbuk, the ruler + +Nehemiah was the ruler, not Azbuk. + +# Nehemiah + +This is a different man named Nehemiah from the person who authored this book. + +# ruler "chief administrator" or "leader" -## Nehemiah...Azbuk...David...Rehum...Bani...Hashabiah ## +# half the district -These are names of males. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Half" means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -## Bethzur...Keilah ## +# Beth Zur ... Keilah -These are names of places. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## repaired to the place ## +# repaired to the place ... Levites repaired -"repaired __the wall__ up to the place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +These phrases refer to repairing the wall. AT: "repaired the wall up to the place ... Levites repaired the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## tombs of David ## - -"the tombs of David's royal house" - -## the house of the mighty men ## - -This may refer to the barracks where David housed his best troops. - -## mighty men ## +# mighty men "warriors" -## After him ## - -"Just beyond him" or "In the next area" - -## the Levites repaired, including Rehum ## - -"the Levites repaired __the wall__. Among them was Rehum" - -## next to him Hashabiah ## - -"next to him Hashanah worked" - -## for his district ## +# for his district "representing his district" or "on behalf of his district" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/18.md b/neh/03/18.md index 3067bd6cb2..e031399d3e 100644 --- a/neh/03/18.md +++ b/neh/03/18.md @@ -1,35 +1,31 @@ -## After him their countrymen repaired ## +# After him their countrymen repaired ... repaired another section -The implied information here is that the wall was being repaired. AT: "On the next section of the wall, their brothers did the repairs." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +These phrases refer to repairing the wall. AT: "Next to him their countrymen repaired the wall ... repaired another section of the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Bavvai...Henadad...Ezer...Jeshua ## +# After him + +"Next to him" + +# Binnui ... Henadad ... Ezer ... Jeshua These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Bavvai the son of Henadad, the ruler of half the district of Keilah ## +# Binnui son of Henadad, the ruler -Bavvai was the leader of half the district, not Henadad. +Binnui was the ruler, not Henadad. -## district ## +# Keilah ... Mizpah -"governmental area" or "governmental region" +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Keilah...Mizpah ## +# Ezer son of Jeshua, the ruler -These are names of areas or regions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Ezer was the ruler, not Jeshua. -## Ezer the son of Jeshua, the ruler of Mizpah ## +# that faced the ascent to the armory -Ezer was the ruler of Mizpah, not Jeshua +"in front of the steps that went up to the armory" -## the ascent to the armory ## +# armory -"the steps which went up to the armory" (UDB) - -## armory ## - -the place where weapons are kept - -## buttress ## - -"supporting corner" or "turning of the wall." The corner of a building where a supporting structure is. \ No newline at end of file +the place where weapons are kept \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/20.md b/neh/03/20.md index e858728ef9..0e3c58630b 100644 --- a/neh/03/20.md +++ b/neh/03/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Baruch...Zabbai...Eliashib...Meremoth...Uriah...Hakkoz ## +# After him + +"Next to him" + +# Baruch ... Zabbai ... Eliashib ... Meremoth ... Uriah ... Hakkoz These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## buttress ## +# repaired another section -"supporting corner" or "turning of the wall." The corner of a building where a supporting structure is. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to repairing the wall. AT: "repaired another section of the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/22.md b/neh/03/22.md index 1410fcc204..e6f48e96d7 100644 --- a/neh/03/22.md +++ b/neh/03/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## the priests...repaired ## +# around Jerusalem, repaired ... Benjamin and Hasshub repaired ... Azariah ... repaired ... Binnui ... repaired -The implied information here is that the wall was being repaired. AT: "the priests fixed the wall" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +These phrases refer to repairing the wall. AT: "around Jerusalem, repaired the wall ... Benjamin and Hasshub repaired the wall ... Azariah ... repaired the wall ... Binnui ... repaired the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Benjamin and Hasshub repaired ## - -See above note for implied information. AT: "Benjamin and Hasshub fixed the wall" - -## Benjamin...Hasshub...Azariah...Maaseiah...Ananiah...Binnui...Henadad...Azariah ## +# Benjamin ... Hasshub ... Azariah ... Maaseiah ... Ananiah ... Binnui ... Henadad These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## buttress ## +# After them ... After him -"supporting corner" or "turning of the wall." The corner of a building where a supporting structure is. \ No newline at end of file +"Next to them ... Next to him" + +# opposite their own house + +"in front of their own house" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/25.md b/neh/03/25.md index 1776d7d307..6baedc8099 100644 --- a/neh/03/25.md +++ b/neh/03/25.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## Palal...repaired ## +# Palal ... repaired ... Parosh repaired ... servants ... repaired ... repaired another section -The implied information here is that the wall was being repaired. AT: "Palal...fixed the wall" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +These phrases refer to repairing the wall. AT: "Palal ... repaired the wall ... Parosh repaired the wall ... servants ... repaired the wall ... repaired another section of the wall" -## Palal...Uzai...Pedaiah...Parosh ## +# Palal ... Uzai ... Pedaiah ... Parosh These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## buttress ## - -"supporting corner" or "turning of the wall." The corner of a building where a supporting structure is. - -## the tower that extends upward ## +# the tower that extends upward "the tower that rises up" -## upper house of the king ## +# upper house of the king "higher palace of the leader of Israel" -## the court of the guard ## +# the court of the guard This is the place where the guards stayed. -## Ophel ## +# After him -This is the name of an area or region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Next to him" -## Water Gate ## +# Ophel -This is the name of an entranceway in the wall. +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the Tekoites ## +# opposite the Water Gate -This is the name of people who came from the town of Tekoa. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/peoplegroup]]) \ No newline at end of file +"in front of the Water Gate" + +# the projecting tower ... the great projecting tower + +"the tall tower ... the tall tower." The phrase "the projecting tower" means a tall tower that juts out from the wall. It is likely that both of these phrases refer to the same tower. + +# the Tekoites + +These are people from the town of Tekoa. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:5](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/28.md b/neh/03/28.md index b9a8ca20c4..6f8b94d495 100644 --- a/neh/03/28.md +++ b/neh/03/28.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## Horse Gate ## +# priests repaired ... repaired the section ... east gate, repaired ... repaired another section ... repaired opposite -This is an entranceway in the wall. +These phrases refer to repairing the wall. AT: "priests repaired the wall ... repaired the section of the wall ... east gate, repaired the wall ... repaired another section of the wall ... repaired the wall opposite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Zadok...Immer...Shemaiah...Shecaniah...Hananiah...Shelemiah...Hanun...Zalaph...Meshullam...Berechiah... ## +# above the Horse Gate -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The word "above" is used here because the priests' houses were likely located at a higher elevation than the Horse Gate. -## Shemaiah the son of Shecaniah, the keeper of the East Gate ## +# opposite his own house -Shemaiah was the keeper of the East Gate, not Shecaniah +"in front of his own house" -## the keeper of the East Gate ## +# After them ... After him -"the person who looked after the East Gate" or "the person who opened and closed the East Gate" +"Next to them ... Next to him" -## East Gate ## +# Zadok ... Immer ... Shemaiah ... Shecaniah ... Hananiah ... Shelemiah ... Hanun ... Zalaph ... Meshullam ... Berechiah -This is an entranceway in the wall. +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## his living chambers ## +# Shemaiah son of Shecaniah, the keeper of the east gate -"the rooms where Meshullam stayed" \ No newline at end of file +Shemaiah was the keeper of the east gate, not Shecaniah. + +# the keeper of the east gate + +"the person who looked after the east gate" or "the person who opened and closed the east gate" + +# the sixth son + +"the 6th son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# opposite his living chambers + +"in front of the rooms where he stayed." The word "his" refers to Meshullam. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/31.md b/neh/03/31.md index af3bd3f5d1..405c20f4dc 100644 --- a/neh/03/31.md +++ b/neh/03/31.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Malchijah ## +# After him -This is the name of a man (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Next to him" -## goldsmiths ## +# Malchijah -"people who worked with gold and made gold objects" +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## merchants ## +# goldsmiths + +A goldsmith is a person who makes gold jewelry and other gold objects. + +# repaired to the house ... merchants repaired + +These phrases refer to repairing the wall. AT: "repaired the wall to the house ... merchants repaired the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# merchants "sellers" or "traders" -## Appointment Gate ## +# upper living chambers -This is the name of an entranceway in the wall. +the higher-level rooms where people stayed -## upper living chambers ## - -"the higher level rooms where people stayed" - -## Sheep Gate ## +# Sheep Gate This is the name of an entranceway in the wall. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/03/intro.md b/neh/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cf521c0477 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Nehemiah 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Priests ##### +The priests worked on rebuilding the city. Normally, the priests were exempt from this type of work. Because they helped, it emphasizes that this is a holy work and something done for Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Cooperation ##### +Everyone worked on this project. Many names are mentioned to emphasize the cooperation between the different families. Each was given a section of the wall to rebuild. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/01.md b/neh/04/01.md index 7648b652a8..06267ab27f 100644 --- a/neh/04/01.md +++ b/neh/04/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## Now when Sanballat ## +# Now when Sanballat Here Nehemiah uses the word "now" to signal a new part of the story. -## it burned within him, and he was furiously angry ## +# Sanballat ... Tobiah -Here "it" refers to Sanballat's realization that the Jews are rebuilding the walls. AT: "the idea burned within him, and he became enraged" +These are the names of a men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 2:10](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## In the presence of his brothers ## +# it burned within him, and he was furiously angry + +Here "it" refers to Sanballat's realization that the Jews are rebuilding the walls. This speaks of Sanballat becoming very angry as if his anger were a burning fire. AT: "he became furiously angry" or "he became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In the presence of his brothers "In the presence of his kinsmen" or "In the presence of his clan" -## What are these feeble Jews doing? Will they restore the city...Will they offer sacrifices...Will they finish the work...Will they bring to life the stones from the piles of rubble after they were burned? ## +# What are these feeble ... Will they restore ... Will they offer ... Will they finish the work in a day? -Sanballat poses these questions not to receive an answer but to mock the Jews. AT: "These feeble Jews can accomplish nothing. They will never restore the city, offer sacrifices, finish the work, or bring to life the burned stones." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Sanballat poses these questions to mock the Jews. These can be written as statements. AT: "These feeble Jews can accomplish nothing. They will never restore the city for themselves. They will not offer sacrifices. They will not finish the work in a day." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## feeble Jews ## +# feeble Jews -"weak Jews" \ No newline at end of file +"weak Jews" + +# in a day + +This speaks of not finishing something quickly by saying that it cannot be accomplished in a day. AT: "quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Will they bring to life the stones from the piles of rubble after they were burned? + +Sanballat also poses this question to mock the Jews. This can be written as a statement. AT: "They will not bring to life again the stones from piles of rubble that were burned." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# bring to life the stones from the piles of rubble after they were burned + +This speaks of the people rebuilding the city as if they were bring it back to life. AT: "restore the city and rebuild its walls from the useless stones that were burned and turned into rubble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the piles of rubble after they were burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "from piles of rubble that someone had burned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# If only a fox went up on what they are building, it would break down their stone wall + +Sanaballat mocks the wall and exaggerates how weak it is by saying that a fox could knock it down. AT: "That wall they are building is so weak that even if a little fox climbed up on it, their stone wall would fall to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/04.md b/neh/04/04.md index b134ba5494..ea6e15a4f9 100644 --- a/neh/04/04.md +++ b/neh/04/04.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## Hear, our God, for we are despised ## +# Hear, our God, ... for they have provoked the builders to anger -Here Nehemiah refers to the Jews. AT: "Hear, our God, for our enemies despise us." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here Nehemiah is praying to God. This can be stated clearly and written with quotation marks. AT: "Then I prayed, 'Hear, our God, ... for they have provoked the builders to anger'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## give them up to be plundered ## +# Hear, our God, for we are despised -Nehemiah asks Yahweh to have their enemies rob them. AT: "let their enemies rob them" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here the word "we" refers to the Jews. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Hear, our God, for our enemies despise us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Turn back their taunts ## +# give them up to be plundered -The phrase "their taunts" refers to Sanballat's and Tobiah's insults. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let their enemies rob them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in a land where they are prisoners ## +# Turn back their taunts on their own heads -"in a land of captivity" +The phrase "their taunts" refers to Sanballat's and Tobiah's insults. Here the word "heads" refers to the whole people. AT: "Turn their taunts onto themselves" or "Cause their insulting words to mock themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Do not cover up ## +# Do not cover over -"Do not hide" +This speaks of a forgiving a person's sins as if they were a object that could be physically hidden. AT: "Do not forgive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they have provoked the builders to anger ## +# do not erase their sin from before you -"they hurled abusive remarks at the builders" +This speaks of forgetting a person's sins as if they were something written that could be erased. AT: "do not forget their sins -## so we built the wall ## +# they have provoked the builders to anger -"so we rebuilt the wall" \ No newline at end of file +"they have angered the builders" + +# So we built the wall + +"So we rebuilt the wall" + +# all the wall was joined together to half its height + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we joined the wall together and it was half its total height" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# half its height + +"Half" means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/07.md b/neh/04/07.md index 9c02dc72a6..2da6f64601 100644 --- a/neh/04/07.md +++ b/neh/04/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Arabians...Ammonites...Ashdodites ## +# a great anger burned within them -These are people groups. +This speaks of the people being very angry as if their anger were something that burned inside them. AT: "they became very angry" or "they became enraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Arabians ## +# against Jerusalem -AT: "Arabs" +Here "Jerusalem" refers to the people who live there. AT: "against the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a great anger burned within them ## +# set a guard as protection -"they became very angry" or "they became enraged" - -## But we prayed to our God and set a guard as protection against them day and night because of their threat ## - -AT: "Nevertheless, because of them, we asked our God to intervene and set a guard as protection against them day and night." \ No newline at end of file +"put men around the wall to guard the city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/10.md b/neh/04/10.md index 7f056687d4..df20e87f56 100644 --- a/neh/04/10.md +++ b/neh/04/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## There is too much rubble ## +# There is too much rubble Rubble is "burned stone" or "broken rock" or "unusable stone." -## They will not know or see until we come among them ## +# They will not know or see until we come among them "They will not see us coming until we are beside them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/12.md b/neh/04/12.md index e199e3d114..e847ff05a0 100644 --- a/neh/04/12.md +++ b/neh/04/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## the Jews...came from all different directions and spoke to us ten times ## +# from all directions -This is a figure of speech that exaggerates to make a point. It means, "the Jews came from many different directions and spoke to us many times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This represents many directions. The word "all" is an exaggeration for represents "many." AT: "from many directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## in the exposed areas ## +# spoke to us ten times + +Here the number 10 is used to represent "many." AT: "spoke to us many times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the exposed areas "in the vulnerable areas" -## Call to mind the Lord, who is great and awesome ## +# I positioned each family -"Remember the great and awesome Lord" or "Remember the Lord, who is great and awesome." +This refers to several people from each family, this likely does not include the women and children. AT: "I positioned people from each family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Fight for your families ## +# Call to mind the Lord -"Fight for your kinsmen" - -## and your homes ## - -"and your households" \ No newline at end of file +the phrase "call to mind" means to remember. AT: "Remember the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/15.md b/neh/04/15.md index 41d166cdc2..0af3e76384 100644 --- a/neh/04/15.md +++ b/neh/04/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## and God had frustrated ## +# It came about -AT: "and that God had frustrated" +"It happened that" -## my servants worked ## +# their plans were known to us -AT: "my young men worked" or "my administrative staff worked" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we knew about their plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the leaders stood behind all the people ## +# my servants worked -AT: "the leaders positioned themselves behind all the people" \ No newline at end of file +"my young men worked" + +# half of my servants ... half of them + +"Half" means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# the leaders stood behind all the people + +"the leaders positioned themselves behind all the people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/17.md b/neh/04/17.md index cef395020e..d295b1f22c 100644 --- a/neh/04/17.md +++ b/neh/04/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## who were building the wall and carrying loads. Everyone worked with one hand, and with the other hand he held his weapon ## +# Everyone worked with one hand, and with the other hand he held his weapon -A new sentence can begin here. AT: “Those who carried burdens loaded themselves, each doing his job with one of his hands, while the other hand was holding a weapon.” \ No newline at end of file +This is an exaggeration. They did not always work with only one hand, but they always had their weapon with them so that they were prepared to protect themselves and those around them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/19.md b/neh/04/19.md index 4124a1472b..30ebb9d815 100644 --- a/neh/04/19.md +++ b/neh/04/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Then I said ## +# I said Here "I" refers to Nehemiah. -## the nobles and the officials ## +# the nobles ... the officials -These are the officers referred to in [Nehemiah 4:15](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file +These are the leaders referred to in [Nehemiah 4:16](./15.md). + +# The work is great + +Here the word "great" means "large-scale" or "huge." + +# the trumpet sound + +This refers to someone blowing a trumpet. AT: "someone blowing a trumpet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/21.md b/neh/04/21.md index d8c2023f0a..5e22a10889 100644 --- a/neh/04/21.md +++ b/neh/04/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Half of them holding spears ## +# Half of them -"Half of them were holding spears" +Here "Half" means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -## from the rising of the dawn until the coming out of the stars ## +# from the rising of the dawn until the coming out of the stars -AT: "from the first light of day until the very beginning of the night" +This refers to the whole day, while it is light outside. AT: "from the first light of day until the very beginning of the night" -## in the middle of Jerusalem ## +# the rising of the dawn + +It is the point in time that the sun rises that is "dawn." Here the sun rising is spoken of as if the "dawn" rose. AT: "the rising of the sun" or "dawn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in the middle of Jerusalem "within Jerusalem" -## changed our clothes ## +# changed our clothes "took off our clothes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/04/intro.md b/neh/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a35ea7bc60 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Nehemiah 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Dedication ##### +The people were so dedicated to rebuilding the walls that they worked with their weapons ready for battle right next to them. Even when they were threatened with an attack, they continued to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### + +Sanballat uses a series of rhetorical questions. These are intended to show his intense anger against the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/01.md b/neh/05/01.md index 131305b490..c10c93cd7e 100644 --- a/neh/05/01.md +++ b/neh/05/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the men and their wives raised a great outcry ## +# Then the men and their wives raised a great outcry against their fellow Jews -"the men and their wives cried out" +Since they were working on the wall, the workers did not have enough time to work to buy and grow food for their families. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## We are mortgaging our fields ## +# the men and their wives -AT: "We are having to pledge" or "We are having to give in pledge" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the men who were working on building the wall. + +# raised a great outcry + +The word "outcry" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "cried out loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# We are mortgaging our fields + +"We are having to pledge" or "We are having to give in pledge" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/04.md b/neh/05/04.md index 6c2ce543b0..0dae97adac 100644 --- a/neh/05/04.md +++ b/neh/05/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Yet now our flesh and blood is the same as our brothers, and our children are the same as their children ## +# Yet now our flesh and blood is the same as our brothers, and our children are the same as their children -"We are of the same descent as our fellow Jews and our children are like theirs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the Jews are implying that they are of the same Jewish descent as the other Jews and that they of the same importance as the others. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "Yet our families are Jews just like the other Jew's families, and our children are just as important to us as their children are to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Some of our daughters have already been enslaved ## +# our flesh and blood -AT: "We have already sold some of our daughters into slavery." +This is an idiom which refers to their family members. AT: "our family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## But it is not in our power to help it because other men now own our fields and our vineyards ## +# Some of our daughters have already been enslaved -This text assumes information which the hearers would have understood: The Jews' fields and vineyards must be in their possession to produce the money they need. AT: "But it is not in our power to change this situation because other men now own our fields and our vineyards which we need to support our lives." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We have already sold some of our daughters into slavery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# But it is not in our power to help it because other men now own our fields and our vineyards + +Since the mens' fields and vineyards are not in their possession, they are unable to produce the money they need to support their families. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "But we are unable to change this situation because other men now own our fields and our vineyards which we need to support our lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# it is not in our power + +This is an idiom which means that they do not have the resources to do something. AT: "we are unable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/06.md b/neh/05/06.md index 6751bb73d2..7cd5fb8eb5 100644 --- a/neh/05/06.md +++ b/neh/05/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## when I heard their outcry ## +# when I heard their outcry -The word "their" refers to the poor Jews described in [Nehemiah 5:4](./04.md). +The word "outcry" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "when I heard them cry out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## You are exacting interest, each from his own brother ## +# You are exacting interest, each from his own brother -Every Jew would have known that it is wrong under the Law to charge interest to another Jew. AT: "Each of you is charging interest to your own brother, and that is wrong under the Law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Every Jew would have known that it is wrong under the Law to charge interest to another Jew. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "Each of you is charging interest to your own brother, and that is wrong under the Law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I held a great assembly against them ## +# I held a great assembly against them -AT: "I held a formal trial in which I charged them." +This means that he brought together a large group of people and brought these charges against them. The meaning of statement this can be made clear. AT: "I held a great assembly and brought these charges against them" or "I held them on trial in front of the assembly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## We, as much as we are able, have bought back from slavery our Jewish brothers who had been sold to the nations, but you even sell your brothers and sisters that they may be sold back to us! ## +# but you even sell your brothers and sisters that they may be sold back to us -AT: "As far as possible, we have bought back our fellow Jews who were sold to the pagan foreigners. Now you are selling your own people, only for them to be sold back to us!" \ No newline at end of file +This means that they are selling their family members as slaves to their fellow Jews. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Now you are selling your own people to be slaves of your fellow Jews, so that they might later sell them back to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who had been sold to the nations + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who people had sold as slaves to the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/09.md b/neh/05/09.md index 865eafa0a2..9d9a253a4d 100644 --- a/neh/05/09.md +++ b/neh/05/09.md @@ -1,39 +1,35 @@ -## Also I said ## +# Also I said The pronoun "I" refers to Nehemiah. -## What you are doing ## +# What you are doing "You" here refers to the Jewish nobles. -## Should you not walk in the fear of our God to prevent the taunts of the nations that are our enemies? ## +# Should you not walk in the fear of our God to prevent the taunts of the nations that are our enemies? -This is a rhetorical question that Nehemiah is using to scold the nobles. AT: "You should walk in the fear of our God to prevent the taunts of the nations that are our enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This is a rhetorical question that Nehemiah is using to scold the nobles. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should walk in the fear of our God to prevent the taunts of the nations that are our enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## walk in the fear of our God ## +# walk in the fear of our God -To "walk in" is a phrase used to talk about a person's lifestyle. AT: "live your life in a way that honors God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). +This is and idiom. Here "walk" refers to a person's behavior and the way he lives. AT: "live your life in a way that honors God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). -## taunts ## +# the taunts of the nations that are our enemies -"mocking" or "slander" or "reproach" +The word "taunt" means "slander" or "mockery" and it can be expressed as a verb. AT: "the nations who are our enemies from taunting us" or "the enemy nations from mocking us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## lending them ## +# lending -"letting them borrow" +borrowing or giving something to someone expecting repayment -## charging interest ## - -AT: "requiring pay back more than what was borrowed" - -## loans ## +# loans This is any money, food, or property that one person could let another person borrow in order to repay debts. The borrower would then be indebted to the lender. -## percentage ## +# percentage A part of the value of the loan that the borrower was charged in interest. -## you exacted from them ## +# you exacted from them "you charged them" or "you made them pay" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/12.md b/neh/05/12.md index 475aeae0aa..b7f0e51ed5 100644 --- a/neh/05/12.md +++ b/neh/05/12.md @@ -1,31 +1,23 @@ -## Then they said ## +# Then they said -Here "they" refers to the Jewish nobles. +Here "they" refers to the Jewish leaders. -## We will return what we took from them ## +# We will return what we took from them -The nobles are saying they will return the money which the poorer Jews paid in interest charges. +The Jewish leaders are saying they will return the money which the poorer Jews paid in interest charges. -## We will do as you say ## +# made them swear -"We" refers to the nobles who are speaking to Nehemiah. +Here the word "them" refers to the Jewish leaders. -## Then I called ## +# Then I called "I" refers to Nehemiah. -## and made them swear ## +# I shook out the fold of my robe -"and made the Jewish nobles take an oath" +"I shook out the pockets of my robe." Many times in the Old Testament, oaths were physically demonstrated as a witness to what was promised. Nehemiah is demonstrating to the Jewish leaders what will happen if they break the promise they had made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## I shook out the fold of my robe ## +# So may God shake out of his house ... So may he be shaken out and emptied -Many times in the Old Testament, oaths were physically demonstrated as a witness to what was promised. Nehemiah is demonstrating to the nobles what will happen if they break the promise they had made. - -## and they praised Yahweh ## - -AT: "and they worshipped Yahweh" - -## And the people did as they had promised ## - -AT: "and all the person kept their promises." \ No newline at end of file +Here Nehemiah speaks of God taking away all of a man's possessions as if God were shaking him out of his home and possessions like Nehemiah shook out his robe. AT: "So may God take away from every man who does not keep his promise all of his possessions and his home like I have taken everything out of the fold of my robe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/14.md b/neh/05/14.md index 725bffca24..99c4fb7fb7 100644 --- a/neh/05/14.md +++ b/neh/05/14.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# from the time I was appointed -## twentieth year until the thirty-second year of Artexerxes the king ## +Here "I" refers to Nehemiah. -second year of Artexerxes the king** - Years in the ancient Near East were measured by the year of a king's reign. +# from the twentieth year until the thirty-second year -## twelve years ## +"from the 20th year until the 32 year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -Nehemiah is restating the number of years for emphasis. AT: "during that entire time" +# of Artaxerxes the king -## neither I nor my brothers ate the food provided for the governor ## +"that Artaxerxes was king" -"Neither my brothers nor I ate the food provided for the governor." This food was provided by the king and was part of what a governor was paid by the people. Because the people were starving, Nehemiah chose not to make use of this privilege. +# twelve years -## former governors ## +"12 years" or "during those 12 years." Nehemiah is restating the number of years to emphasize that he did this continually for the full time he was governor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -"previous governors" or "governors from the past" Nehemiah was not the first governor of Judah. +# the food provided for the governor -## took from them forty shekels of silver for their daily food and wine ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "ate the food that the people provided for the governor" -AT: "from them forty shekels of silver in addition to daily food and wine." +# for their daily -## shekel ## +"every day for their" -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) \ No newline at end of file +# former governors + +"previous governors" or "governors from the past." Nehemiah was not the first governor of Judah. + +# forty shekels + +"40 shekels" or "40 silver coins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# But I did not do so because of the fear of God + +"But because my fear of God I did not take the food" or "But I did not take the food because I feared God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/16.md b/neh/05/16.md index 0e1056b585..3928caa29f 100644 --- a/neh/05/16.md +++ b/neh/05/16.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## I also continued ## +# I also continued "I" refers to Nehemiah. -## continued to work on the wall ## - -When the people returned to Jerusalem, they started rebuilding the walls, but didn't finish them. - -## we bought no land ## - -Working the land was the source of wealth. Again, Nehemiah did not make use of his privileges as governor. - -## we bought ## +# we bought The word "we" refers to Nehemiah and his servants. -## all my servants were gathered there for the work ## +# all my servants were gathered -"All my servants worked on the wall, too." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I gathered all of my servants there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## my table ## +# for the work + +"to work on the wall" + +# 150 men + +"one hundred and fifty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# At my table were the Jews ... from among the nations who were around us + +Nehemiah was responsible for providing food for all of these people. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Also, every day I was responsible to feed at our table the Jews and the officials, 150 people; and we also fed the visitors who came from other countries around us (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my table This refers to the governor's table. It was a communal table for the community and for discussion of issues. -## officials ## +# officials -AT: "other government employees" \ No newline at end of file +"government leaders" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/18.md b/neh/05/18.md index a65835c975..46b623aa56 100644 --- a/neh/05/18.md +++ b/neh/05/18.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# Now what was prepared each day was -## what was prepared ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Each day I told my servants to prepare" or "Each day I told my servants to serve us the meat from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "what was cooked for my table," or "what was made for our meal" +# six choice ... ten days -## one ox, six choice sheep, and also birds ## +"6 choice ... 10 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -This was the daily menu for the 150+ people mentioned in [Nehemiah 5:16](./16.md)) +# wine in abundance -## wine in abundance ## +"enough wine for everyone" -AT: "more than enough wine for everyone" +# yet for all this I did not demand the food allowance of the governor -## yet for all this I did not demand the food allowance of the governor ## +"yet I never asked for the governor's food allowance" -"yet I never asked for the governor's food allowance." All of this food and wine was supposed to be supplied by the people, but Nehemiah used his own food and wine to feed all of these people. +# Call me to mind -## food allowance ## +This is an idiom. It is a request for God to think about him and remember him. AT: "Remember me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -This is the portion that was owed the governor by the people. +# for good -## Call me to mind, my God, for good ## - -"Remember me, my God, for the good things that I have done," or "God, when you think about me, remember all the good I am doing for the people." Nehemiah is now praying to God and asking for help. \ No newline at end of file +This idiom is a request for God to reward him with good things because of the good that he has done for the people. AT: "and reward me" or "cause good to happen to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/05/intro.md b/neh/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fb5f39abda --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Nehemiah 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Equality ##### + +The rich made money from the poor. The rich oppressed the poor by charging interest on loans. Because Nehemiah wanted to treat everyone fairly, he did not collect any taxes from them. This chapter also emphasizes that it was wrong to enslave a fellow Jew. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]]) + +##### Governor ##### +Nehemiah was a governmental leader in Jerusalem, but he was not a king. Jerusalem had a great deal of independence, but it was under the authority of the Persian king. The term "governor" reflects this idea, but a different term may be used in translation. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/01.md b/neh/06/01.md index be7ace25d1..5396f8c8ca 100644 --- a/neh/06/01.md +++ b/neh/06/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Sanballat, Tobiah, and Geshem ## +# Sanballat, Tobiah, and Geshem -These are all male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 2:9-10](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## rebuilt the wall and that ## +# I had rebuilt the wall ... I had not yet -"rebuilt the wall so that" +Nehemiah supervised the rebuilding of the wall and did not build it by himself. AT: "we had rebuilt the wall ... we had not yet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## no longer any sections left broken open ## +# any sections -"no more breaks in the city wall" +This refers to sections of the wall. AT: "any sections of the wall" or "any gaps in the city wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Ono ## +# sent to me -This is the name of a valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that they sent a messenger with a message. AT: "sent a messenger to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Ono + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/03.md b/neh/06/03.md index 056b7dbc5b..29190a8105 100644 --- a/neh/06/03.md +++ b/neh/06/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## I sent a messenger to them ## +# I am doing a great work -Here (and in verse 4) "them" refers to Sanballat, Tobiah, and Geshem. (See: [Nehemiah 6:1](./01.md)) +Nehemiah supervised the rebuilding of the wall. He did not build it by himself. AT: "We are doing a great work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## and I cannot ## +# Why should the work stop while I leave it and come down to you? -"and I am unable to" or "and I am not able to" +This rhetorical question is used to challenge Sanballat's request. This can be written as a statement. AT: "I cannot let the work stop and come down to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why should the work stop while I leave it and come down to you? ## +# down to you -This is a statement posed as a question that does not expect (and does not get) an answer. The purpose of the question is to challenge Sanballat. AT: "I will not let the work stop while I leave it and come down to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "down" is used here because the plain of Ono where they were requesting Nehemiah to come is at a lower elevation than Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/05.md b/neh/06/05.md index 4461d7e73a..a2c69bee60 100644 --- a/neh/06/05.md +++ b/neh/06/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Sanballat sent his servant to me in the same way the fifth time ## +# Sanballat sent his servant to me in the same way the fifth time -Identifying this message separately means it is distinct in some way from the previous four messages and, therefore, should be noted. AT: "Sanballat sent his servant to me the fifth time" +Identifying this message separately means it is distinct in some way from the previous four messages and, therefore, should be noted. -## an open letter ## +# the fifth time + +"the 5th time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# an open letter The letter was an unsealed diplomatic communication. This was an insult to the recipient because the courier was free to read it and spread its contents among the people of the region. -## in his hand ## +# in his hand -AT: "in his possession" +This means he had the letter in his possession, but he did not necessarily carry it in his hand at all times. AT: "in his possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## It is reported among the nations that ## +# It is reported among the nations -AT: "The rumor in the region is that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The rumor in the region is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you and the Jews are planning to rebel, for that is why you are rebuilding the wall. From what these reports say, you are about to become their king ## +# are planning to rebel -Nehemiah is accused of plotting treachery against his benefactor, Artaxerxes, the Persian king whom Nehemiah served as cupbearer. (See: [Nehemiah 2:1](../02/01.md)) - -## for that is why you are rebuilding ## - -AT: "and that is why you are rebuilding" \ No newline at end of file +This means that they are planning to rebel against Artaxerxes, the Persian king, who was currently ruling the Jews. AT: "are planning to rebel against Artaxerxes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/07.md b/neh/06/07.md index 63e32337cd..3cc2249076 100644 --- a/neh/06/07.md +++ b/neh/06/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## There is a king in Judah ## +# the king will hear -Sanballat says that Nehemiah has spread the idea that he will be the king of Judah. +"King Artaxerxes will hear" -## You can be sure the king will hear these reports ## +# Therefore come -Here "the king" refers to Artaxerxes, the Persian king whom Nehemiah served as cupbearer. \ No newline at end of file +"Therefore come meet with us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/08.md b/neh/06/08.md index 57405333cd..05fe2ea57d 100644 --- a/neh/06/08.md +++ b/neh/06/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Then I sent word to him ## +# Then I sent word to him Here "I" refers to Nehemiah and "him" to Sanballat. -## "No such things have occurred as you say ## +# No such things have occurred as you say -"None of the things you say have occurred" +"None of the things you have written have occurred" -## for within your heart you invented them ## +# for within your heart you invented them -"you fabricated all of them yourself" +Here the "heart" refers to the "mind," that is, to one's desires and thoughts. AT: "for within your mind you invented them" or "for you have made this up in your own imagination" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## For they all wanted to make us afraid ## +# For they all wanted to make us afraid -Here "they" refers to Nehemiah's enemies, Sanballat, Tobiah, Geshem, and their followers. The word "us" refers to the people of God. +Here "they" refers to Nehemiah's enemies, Sanballat, Tobiah, Geshem, and their followers. The word "us" refers to the Jews. -## "They will drop their hands from doing the work, and it will not be done ## +# They will drop their hands from doing the work -"Out of fear, the workers on the wall will stop their work" +This is a descriptive phrase that means that they are stopping their work on the wall. AT: "The workers on the wall will stop doing the work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## But now, God, please strengthen my hands ## +# strengthen my hands -AT "Now I was even more determined to do the work." \ No newline at end of file +Here Nehemiah requests for God to strengthen him by asking him to strengthen his "hands." AT: "strengthen me" or "give me courage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/10.md b/neh/06/10.md index 34c0d89918..7130761b9e 100644 --- a/neh/06/10.md +++ b/neh/06/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## Shemaiah...Delaiah...Mehetabel ## +# Shemaiah ... Delaiah ... Mehetabel These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shemaiah ## +# who was confined in his home -one of the Jewish officials +The writer does not give the reason for him being confined, so it is best to say that he was staying at home using the most general words possible. AT: "who could not leave his house" or "whom the authorities had ordered to stay in his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## confined in his home ## +# Would a man like me run away? Would a man like me go into the temple just so he could save his own life? -"a shut-in," someone who cannot leave his house because of weakness or illness. - -## Let us meet together in the house of God, inside the temple, and let us close the doors of the temple, for they are coming to kill you. At night they are coming to kill you ## - -It would appear to Nehemiah's followers that he was hiding in the temple, a sign of weakness. - -## Would a man like me run away? And would a man like me go into the temple just so I might live? ## - -The questions do not expect an answer, but are used for emphasis. AT: "A man like me would not run away. And a man like me would not go into the temple just to stay alive." (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Nehemiah uses these rhetorical questions to emphasize that he will not do what Shemaiah has suggested. These questions may be written as statements. AT: "A man like me would not run away. A man like me would not go into the temple just to hide to stay alive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/12.md b/neh/06/12.md index f1a4805103..861bf324e7 100644 --- a/neh/06/12.md +++ b/neh/06/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## I realized that it was not God who sent him, but that he had prophesied against me ## +# but that he had prophesied against me -Here "I" refers to Nehemiah, and "him" refers to Shemaiah. AT: "I recognized that it was not God who sent Shemaiah because he had prophesied against me." (See: [Nehemiah 6:10](./10.md)) +"but that he had prophesied in order to oppose me" -## Tobiah and Sanballat had hired him ## +# and sin -Shemaiah was paid by and under the control of Tobiah and Sanballat. +Using the temple as a place to hide was sinful. It may be helpful to make this explicit. AT: "and sin by misusing the temple" -## so that I might do what he said and sin ## +# a bad name -AT: "so I might sin by misusing the temple" +This is an idiom. AT: "so that they could give me a bad reputation" or "so that they could give a bad report about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and so they could give me a bad name in order to humiliate me ## +# Call to mind -"so they would have an account that they could use to discredit me" +This is an idiom. AT: "Remember" -## Call to mind ## +# Noadiah -This phrase is ambiguous. It is unclear if Nehemiah is asking God to help him (Nehemiah) remember Tobiah and Sanballat or if Nehemiah is asking God to remember these men. AT: "Remember" - -## the prophetess Noadiah ## - -Here "Noadiah" is the name of a female (a prophetess), but the name can be male or female. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/15.md b/neh/06/15.md index a96832bc8b..22d92c979c 100644 --- a/neh/06/15.md +++ b/neh/06/15.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# So the wall was finished -## So the wall was finished ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We finished the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "We finished the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# the twenty-fifth day of the month of Elul -## the twenty-fifth day ## +"the 25th day of the month of Elul." Elul is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -fifth day** - "the 25th day" +# fifty-two days -## the month Elul ## +"52 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -This month was in the summer and early fall. It was the 6th month [or moon] of the Jewish calendar. +# they fell greatly in their own eyes -## fifty-two days ## +"they thought much less of themselves" or "they lost confidence in themselves" -two days** - "52 days" +# the work was done with the help of our God -## they fell greatly in their own esteem ## - -"they thought much less of themselves" or "they lost confidence." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it was our God who helped us complete this work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/17.md b/neh/06/17.md index 39b69871fe..21752453f3 100644 --- a/neh/06/17.md +++ b/neh/06/17.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## the nobles of Judah sent many letters to Tobiah, and Tobiah's letters came to them ## +# sent many letters -There was constant communication between the wealthy of Judah and the enemy of the Jews, Tobiah. +The nobles sent messengers to bring these letters to Tobiah. AT: "sent many messengers with letters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## There were many in Judah who were bound by an oath to him ## +# Tobiah's letters came -"There were many people in Judah who owed allegiance to Tobiah" +Here Tobiah's letters are personified as coming by themselves, when they were actually brought by messengers. AT: "Tobiah sent letters" or "Tobiah sent many messengers with letters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## he was the son-in-law of Shecaniah ## +# Tobiah -in-law of Shecaniah** - This means that Tobiah was married to the daughter of Shecaniah. +See how you translated this man's name in [Nehemiah 2:10](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Tobiah...Shecaniah...Arah...Jehohanan...Meshullam...Berechiah ## +# who were bound by an oath to him -These are the names of males. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This speaks of people being loyal to Tobiah because they had pledged an oath to him as if their oath were a rope that bound their bodies. AT: "who had sworn an oath to him" or "who had made an oath and were loyal to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They also spoke to me about his good deeds and reported my words back to him ## +# he was the son-in-law of Shecaniah -"The Jewish nobles told me about Tobiah's good deeds and then told him about my responses." +This means that Tobiah was married to the daughter of Shecaniah. See how you translated "Shecaniah" in [Nehemiah 3:29](../03/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Letters were sent to me from Tobiah to frighten me ## +# Arah ... Jehohanan -This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "Tobiah sent letters to me to scare me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## to frighten me ## +# Meshullam ... Berechiah -"to scare me." The continuing goal was to overcome Nehemiah using fear. \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:4](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They also spoke to me about his good deeds and reported my words back to him + +"The Jewish nobles told me about Tobiah's good deeds and then told him about my responses" + +# Letters were sent to me from Tobiah + +This can be stated in active form. Tobiah sent messengers to bring the letters to Nehemiah. AT: "Tobiah sent letters to me" or "Tobiah sent messengers to bring letters to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/06/intro.md b/neh/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a32691d92f --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Nehemiah 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The building of the wall is completed in this chapter. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 6:6-7, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Miracle ##### + +Completing this city wall in only fifty-two days was considered proof that God had helped the Jews, especially given the opposition that they had experienced from the people in surrounding areas. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/01.md b/neh/07/01.md index 1e44127c69..d203cd0c61 100644 --- a/neh/07/01.md +++ b/neh/07/01.md @@ -1,43 +1,35 @@ -## When the wall was finished ## +# When the wall was finished -This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "When we had finished the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When we had finished the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the gatekeepers and singers and Levites were appointed ## +# I had set up the doors in place -This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "I chose the gatekeepers and singers and Levites" +This was done with help. AT: "I and others hung the doors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## gatekeeper ## +# the gatekeepers and singers and Levites had been appointed -A person placed at each gate, armed or supported by armed guards (depending on the size of the city) whose responsibility was to identify those entering that were not citizens of the city, register them and note their business there. They also closed and opened the gates at times and for reasons set by the administrator. +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are: 1) Nehemiah appointed them. AT: "I assigned the gatekeepers and singers and Levites to their tasks" or 2) Someone else appointed them. AT: "they assigned the gatekeepers and singers and Levites to their tasks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## singers ## +# gatekeepers -This word refers to vocal musicians who led in worship, in processions, and ceremonies, producing music and chants that emphasized and enhanced the occasion. +people assigned to each gate, responsible to control access to the city or temple, as well as to open and close the gates at times and for reasons set by the administrator -## Levites ## +# singers -The priestly class of people established by God many centuries earlier and now restored by Nehemiah. +vocal musicians who led in worship, in processions, and ceremonies, producing music and chants that emphasized and enhanced the occasion -## Hanani...Hananiah ## +# Hanani ... Hananiah -These are names of males. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## I gave my brother Hanani charge ## +# I gave my brother Hanani charge -"I selected my brother Hanani to be the manager" +"I gave the order for my brother Hanani to be the manager" -## who had oversight of the citadel ## +# who had oversight of the fortress -"who was in charge of the citadel" +"who was in charge of the fortress" -## citadel ## +# feared God more than many -a fortified place where weapons or active soldiers or both were housed. A second meaning may be all fortifications for the city. - -## for he was a faithful man ## - -"because he was a dependable man" or "because he performed his duty" - -## feared God more than many ## - -"was more obedient to God than many other people." Nehemiah is giving an accurate and clear reason why Hananiah was appointed. \ No newline at end of file +"feared God more than many other people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/03.md b/neh/07/03.md index e9806d2123..c8a4b6533b 100644 --- a/neh/07/03.md +++ b/neh/07/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## I said to them ## +# I said to them -The word "them" refers to Nehemiah's brother, the manager of the city, and to Hananiah, who was responsible for the citadel. +The word "them" refers to Hanani and Hananiah. -## the sun is hot ## +# Do not open the gates of Jerusalem until the sun is hot. While the gatekeepers are on guard, you may shut the doors and bar them + +Possible meanings are 1) these actions were done by Hanani and Hananiah or 2) these actions were done by Hanani and Hananiah with the help of the gatekeepers or 3) the gatekeepers did these actions under the direction of Hanani and Hananiah. + +# the sun is hot "the sun is high in the sky" -## While the gatekeepers are on guard ## +# While the gatekeepers are on guard, you may shut the doors and bar them -"If the gatekeepers are guarding the gate." The meaning here is "if the gatekeepers are challenging those approaching." +"Shut the doors and bar them while the gatekeepers are still on guard" -## gatekeepers ## +# gatekeepers See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](./01.md) -## you may shut the doors and bar them ## +# shut the doors and bar them -"you may close the gates and lock them" +"close the gates and lock them" -## Appoint guards from those who live in Jerusalem, some at the place of their guard station, and some in front of their own homes. ## +# Appoint guards from those who live in Jerusalem -These are the criteria for guards: those who live here and those whose homes are nearby. These people were not just hired but have a special interest in the security of that part of the city. +"Assign guards from those people who live in Jerusalem" -## Now the city was wide and large, but there were few people within it, and no houses had yet been rebuilt ## +# guard station -The walled area was large but thinly populated, and people were still living in temporary shelters. +"guard post" or "guard duty place" -## no houses had yet been rebuilt ## +# no houses had yet been rebuilt -This may be an exaggeration to emphasize that the city was not in a finished state to house all the people. It is also a passive clause, which can be translated as an active clause. AT: "the people had not yet rebuilt many houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people had not yet rebuilt the houses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/05.md b/neh/07/05.md index 46211ccafb..9ec9097c59 100644 --- a/neh/07/05.md +++ b/neh/07/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## My God put into my heart ## +# put into my heart -Though God did not really put a thought into Nehemiah's physical heart, he caused Nehemiah to have this idea. AT: "My God made me think of an idea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here Nehemiah's "heart" refers to his thoughts and will. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 2:12](../02/11.md). AT: "inspired me" or "led me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to enroll them ## +# to enroll them -"to list, register, and organize them" +"to list and register them" -## book of the genealogy ## +# the book of the genealogy -an official book of parents and births that was part of Hebrew culture +This was a book that no longer exists. -## and found the following written in it ## +# found the following written in it -This can be expressed as a new sentence. "The items that follow are what I found and selected from those records." \ No newline at end of file +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "found that someone had written the following in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/06.md b/neh/07/06.md index 69ebdf1a2d..2a0501c3cd 100644 --- a/neh/07/06.md +++ b/neh/07/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## These are the people of the province ## +# These are the people of the province "These are the descendants of this region" -## who went up ## +# went up out of -"who returned" or "who came up" +"returned from" or "came back from" -## whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon took into exile ## +# went up -"whom Nebuchadnezzar, Ruler of Babylon took away from their home country" +This is an idiom that refers to traveling toward Jerusalem, which was on higher ground than the surrounding area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Nebuchadnezzar ...Zerubbabel...Jeshua...Nehemiah...Azariah...Raamiah...Nahamani...Mordecai...Bilshan... ## +# whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon took into exile -These are the names of males. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). \ No newline at end of file +"whom Nebuchadnezzar, ruler of Babylon, took away from their home country." The army of Babylon did this under the command of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Zerubbabel ... Jeshua ... Nehemiah ... Azariah ... Raamiah ... Nahamani ... Mordecai ... Bilshan ... Mispereth ... Bigvai ... Nehum ... Baanah + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). + +# The number of the men + +A census had been taken when the Israelites first returned to Jerusalem after the exile. The numbers represent how many men belonged to each family group. This sentence introduces the information in the following verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/08.md b/neh/07/08.md index 186039f1cc..f27018a6c6 100644 --- a/neh/07/08.md +++ b/neh/07/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -Nehemiah is recounting the number of people who returned from exile. The people were grouped by family according to the name of their patriarch. The number represents the number of males in each family. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# Connecting Statement: -## the number of the men ## +Nehemiah is recounting the number of people who returned from exile. The people were grouped by families according to the name of their patriarchs. The number represents the number of men in each family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -A census had been taken when the Israelites first returned to Jerusalem after the exile. The numbers represent how many men belonged to each family group. +# Parosh ... Shephatiah ... Arah -## Parosh...Shephatiah...Arah ## - -These are the names of the patriarch of each family group. Family groups would contain children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/11.md b/neh/07/11.md index 90fa77f446..823b7dec2d 100644 --- a/neh/07/11.md +++ b/neh/07/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. The people were grouped by family according to the name of their patriarch. The number represents the number of males in each family. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# Connecting Statement: -## Pahath Moab ## +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -Pahath Moab is a place name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# through the descendants of Jeshua and Joab -## the descendants of Jeshua and Joab ## +"that is, the descendants of Jeshua and Joab" -AT: "that is, the descendants of Jeshua and Joab" +# Pahath-Moab ... Jeshua ... Joab ... Elam ... Zattu ... Zakkai -## Jeshua...Joab...Elam...Zattu...Zaccai ## - -These are the names of the patriarchs of each family group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/15.md b/neh/07/15.md index cc8d45df52..e7a80a56ba 100644 --- a/neh/07/15.md +++ b/neh/07/15.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -14]].) +# Connecting Statement: -## Binnui...Bebai...Azgad...Adonikam ## +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -These are the names of the patriarchs of each family group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Binnui ... Bebai ... Azgad ... Adonikam + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/19.md b/neh/07/19.md index 1e63ec085f..1916099dfc 100644 --- a/neh/07/19.md +++ b/neh/07/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -14]].) +# Connecting Statement: -## Bigvai...Adin...Ater...Hashum ## +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -These are the names of the patriarchs of each family group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Bigvai ... Adin ... Ater ... Hashum -## The descendents of Ater, of Hezekiah ## +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "the descendants of Ater, who is a descendant of Hezekiah" \ No newline at end of file +# The descendants of Ater, of Hezekiah + +The writer has shortened this sentence. AT: "the descendants of Ater, who is a descendant of Hezekiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/23.md b/neh/07/23.md index 0088cd53fa..e4e64918c0 100644 --- a/neh/07/23.md +++ b/neh/07/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -14]].) +# Connecting Statement: -## Bezai...Hariph...Gibeon ## +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -These are the names of the patriarchs of each family group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Bezai ... Hariph ... Gibeon -## the men from ## +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "the people from" +# Bethlehem and Netophah -## Bethlehem and Netophah ## - -These are the names of two villages in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/27.md b/neh/07/27.md index b503892608..e4d7e03e2a 100644 --- a/neh/07/27.md +++ b/neh/07/27.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -14]].) +# Connecting Statement: -## The men from ## +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -AT: "The people from" +# Anathoth ... Beth Azmaveth ... Kiriath Jearim, Kephirah, and Beeroth ... Ramah and Geba -## Anathoth...Beth Azmaveth...Kiriath Jearim, Chephirah, and Beeroth...Ramah and Geba ## - -These are all place names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are all names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/31.md b/neh/07/31.md index f42fe2cbbb..5b0cde5c3e 100644 --- a/neh/07/31.md +++ b/neh/07/31.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -14]].) +# Connecting Statement: -## The men from ## +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -AT: "The people from" +# Michmas ... Bethel and Ai ... Nebo ... Elam -## Michmas...Bethel...Ai...Nebo...Elam ## - -These are all place names. See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are all names of places. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/35.md b/neh/07/35.md index c22af18511..f956eec52b 100644 --- a/neh/07/35.md +++ b/neh/07/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -14]].) +# Connecting Statement: -## The men of ## +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -AT: "The descendants of" +# Harim ... Jericho ... Lod, Hadid, and Ono ... Senaah -## Harim...Jericho...Lod, Hadid...Ono...Senaah ## - -These are village names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are all names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/39.md b/neh/07/39.md index 2006566587..5e76cb7418 100644 --- a/neh/07/39.md +++ b/neh/07/39.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -14]].) +# Connecting Statement: -## Jedaiah...Immer...Pashhur...Harim ## +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -These are all male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Jedaiah ... Jeshua ... Immer ... Pashhur ... Harim + +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# of the house of Jeshua + +The word "house" is a metonym for family. AT: "from the family of Jeshua" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/43.md b/neh/07/43.md index 0a18fb6bb7..e835b07fa2 100644 --- a/neh/07/43.md +++ b/neh/07/43.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -14]].) +# Connecting Statement: -## Jeshua...Kadmiel...Hodevah...Asaph...Shallum...Ater...Tlamon...Akkub...Hatita...Shobai ## +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -These are all male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Jeshua ... Kadmiel ... Binnui ... Hodevah ... Asaph ... Shallum ... Ater ... Talmon ... Akkub ... Hatita ... Shobai -## The singers ## +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "The musicians" +# singers -## gatekeepers ## +See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](./01.md). -These were individuals that guarded the gate of a village or city. If your language can translate "gatekeepers" then use that word. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](./01.md) \ No newline at end of file +# gatekeepers + +See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/46.md b/neh/07/46.md index a001656ab3..6e52f5713e 100644 --- a/neh/07/46.md +++ b/neh/07/46.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Sia ## +# General Information: -This is the same man known by the name Siaha in Ez. 2:44. +These verses continue the names of people whose descendants returned from the exile. -## Ziha…Hasupha…Tabbaoth…Keros…Sia…Padon…Lebana,…Hagaba…Shalmai…Hana…Giddel…Gahar ## +# Ziha ... Hasupha ... Tabbaoth ... Keros ... Sia ... Padon ... Lebana, ... Hagaba ... Shalmai ... Hanan ... Giddel ... Gahar -These are male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). \ No newline at end of file +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). + +# Sia + +This is the same man known by the name Siaha in Ezra 2:44. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/50.md b/neh/07/50.md index aafd9bf4f8..0172feb36e 100644 --- a/neh/07/50.md +++ b/neh/07/50.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Reaiah...Rezin...Nekoda...Gazzam...Uzza...Paseah...Besai...Meunim...Nephushesim ## +# General Information: -These are names of males. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These verses continue the names of people whose descendants returned from the exile. + +# Reaiah ... Rezin ... Nekoda ... Gazzam ... Uzza ... Paseah ... Besai ... Meunim ... Nephushesim + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/53.md b/neh/07/53.md index 23aa236a9e..f87c542cf1 100644 --- a/neh/07/53.md +++ b/neh/07/53.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Bakbuk....Hakupha...Harhur...Bazlith...Mehida...Harsha...Barkos...Sisera...Temah...Neziah...Hatipha. ## +# General Information: -These are male names (See: en:ta:workbench:translate:translatenames) +These verses continue the names of people whose descendants returned from the exile. -## Bazlith ## +# Bakbuk ... Hakupha ... Harhur ... Bazluth ... Mehida ... Harsha ... Barkos ... Sisera ... Temah ... Neziah ... Hatipha -This is the name of a man who is also called Bazluth in Ez. 2:52. \ No newline at end of file +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/57.md b/neh/07/57.md index dc5eff0633..78e0e3ff0a 100644 --- a/neh/07/57.md +++ b/neh/07/57.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -14]].) +# Connecting Statement: -## Solomon...Sotai...Sophereth...Perida...Jaala...Darkon...Giddel...Shephatiah...Hattil...Pochereth Hazzebaim...Amon. ## +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -These are male names. (See: en:ta:workbench:translate:translatenames) +# Sotai ... Sophereth ... Perida ... Jaala ... Darkon ... Giddel ... Shephatiah ... Hattil ... Pochereth Hazzebaim ... Amon -## Sophereth ## +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This is the name of a man who is called Hassophereth in Ez. 2:55. +# Sophereth -## Perida ## +This is the name of a man who is called Hassophereth in Ezra 2:55. -This is the name of a man who is also called Peruda in Ez. 2:55. \ No newline at end of file +# Perida + +This is the name of a man who is also called Peruda in Ezra 2:55. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/61.md b/neh/07/61.md index 4d413abeaf..0131d4426f 100644 --- a/neh/07/61.md +++ b/neh/07/61.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -14]].) +# Connecting Statement: -## Telmelah…Telharsha…Cherub…Addon…Immer…Israel ## +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -These are place names. (See: :en:ta:workbench:translate:translatenames) +# went up -## Delaiah, Tobiah and Nekoda, Hobaiah, Hakkoz, Barzillai ## +This is an idiom that refers to traveling toward Jerusalem, which was on higher ground than the surrounding area. AT: "returned" or "came back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -These are male names. (See: :en:ta:workbench:translate:translatenames) +# Tel Melah ... Tel Harsha ... Kerub ... Addon ... Immer -## And of the priests ## +These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -AT: "And from the priests" +# Delaiah ... Tobiah ... Nekoda ... Habaiah ... Hakkoz ... Barzillai -## Gileadite ## - -This word designates a person who came from Gilead, a mountainous region east of the Jordan River, where the Israelite tribes of Gad, Reuben, and Manasseh lived. (See: :en:ta:workbench:translate:translatenames) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/64.md b/neh/07/64.md index 7ed48947ef..fe5c40d43d 100644 --- a/neh/07/64.md +++ b/neh/07/64.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## These sought their records among those enrolled by their genealogy ## +# These sought their records among those enrolled by their genealogy -AT: "They sought their written genealogical records" or "They searched their written genealogical records." +"They sought their written genealogical records" or "They searched their written genealogical records" -## These sought ## +# These sought -"These" refers to the descendants of Hobaiah, Hakkoz and Barzillai. (See: [Nehemiah 7:61](./61.md)) +"These" refers to the descendants of Hobaiah, Hakkoz and Barzillai. (See: [Nehemiah 7:63](./61.md)) -## but they could not be found ## +# but they could not be found -AT: "but they could not find the records" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "but they could not find their records" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## so they were excluded from the priesthood as unclean ## +# they were excluded from the priesthood as unclean -"so the governor excluded them from the priesthood as unqualified." (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. The abstract noun "priesthood" can be translated as the verb "work as priests." AT: "the governor treated them as if they were unclean and did not allow them to work as priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## until there rose up a priest with Urim and Thummim ## +# until there rose up a priest with Urim and Thummim -"until there arose a priest skilled with the priestly marked stones used to discern God's selection." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until a priest with Urim and Thummim approved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Urim and Thummim + +These were sacred stones that the high priest carried on his breastplate and used at times to determine God's will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/66.md b/neh/07/66.md index 2e04769127..4a58b2de3f 100644 --- a/neh/07/66.md +++ b/neh/07/66.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -14]].) +# Connecting Statement: -## The whole assembly together ## +Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -"The entire congregation together" The word "congregation" would be a good choice to reflect the nature of the community. +# The whole assembly together -## singing men and women ## +"The whole group together" -"male singers and female singers" The sentence structure imitates "their male servants and their female servants" just before it. \ No newline at end of file +# was 42,360 + +"was 42,360 people" + +# singing men and women + +"male singers and female singers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/68.md b/neh/07/68.md index 7d8fff1240..248d63af29 100644 --- a/neh/07/68.md +++ b/neh/07/68.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -14]].) \ No newline at end of file +# 736 ... 245 ... 435 ... 6,720 + +"seven hundred and thirty-six ... two hundred and forty-five ... four hundred and thirty-five ... six thousand seven hundred and twenty." These are numbers of animals brought back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/70.md b/neh/07/70.md index eefcf341d5..ba3e34e8b8 100644 --- a/neh/07/70.md +++ b/neh/07/70.md @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ -14]].) +# the heads of ancestors' families -## darics of gold ## +"the chief patriarchs" or "the leaders of the clans" -A "daric" was a small gold coin used by the Persian Empire. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +# gave to the treasury -## the heads of ancestors' families ## +"put into the treasury" -AT "heads of the clans" or "heads of the families" +# one thousand darics -## basins ## +"1,000 darics" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -"large bowls" +# darics of gold -## garments ## +A daric was a small gold coin that people in the Persian Empire used. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -"items of clothing" +# 50 basins -## minas of silver ## +"fifty basins." These are large bowls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file +# 530 priestly garments + +"five hundred thirty priestly garments." These are items of clothing worn by the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# twenty thousand darics + +"20,000 darics" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 2,200 minas of silver + +"two thousand two hundred minas of silver." A mina is about one half of a kilogram in weight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# silver + +a shiny, gray precious metal used to make coins, jewelry, containers, and ornaments + +# two thousand minas + +"2,000 minas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# sixty-seven priestly garments + +"67 priestly garments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/73.md b/neh/07/73.md index efd3e9baa6..5f7a3630a6 100644 --- a/neh/07/73.md +++ b/neh/07/73.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## gatekeepers ## +# gatekeepers -See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](./01.md) +See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](./01.md). -## the seventh month ## +# singers -This refers to the seventh month of the Jewish year, which was September-October. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](./01.md). + +# some of the people + +The implied information is that this refers to some of the Israelites who were not priests or other temple workers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# all Israel + +Possible meanings are: 1) all the groups of Israelites that are listed in this verse or 2) the rest of the Israelites who did not work in the temple. + +# the seventh month + +"month 7." This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# were settled in their cities + +"lived in their own cities" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/07/intro.md b/neh/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b2f7559770 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Nehemiah 07 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Genealogy ##### + +The people who returned from Persia were counted according to their families. Nehemiah ensured that those who lived in Jerusalem had a completely Jewish ancestry. + +##### Different lists ##### +This list is paralleled in [Esra Ezra 2](../../ezr/02/01.md). The lists do contain some differences in numbers. This is probably due to the timing of their counting. They were likely counted at different times. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/01.md b/neh/08/01.md index e82ed096fc..6d0abe2599 100644 --- a/neh/08/01.md +++ b/neh/08/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## And all the people gathered themselves for one purpose ## +# All the people gathered as one man -AT: "The entire population gathered as one man" or "All the people gathered as one people." +The word "all" is a generalization that indicates the people as a whole came together. AT: "The people gathered all together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## On the first day of the seventh month ## +# Water Gate -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This was the name of a large opening or doorway in the wall. -## all who could hear and understand ## +# the book of the law of Moses -This is likely a different/additional category of people than the Jewish Assembly in the previous sentence. \ No newline at end of file +This would have been all or part of the first five books of the Old Testament. + +# On the first day of the seventh month + +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day of the seventh month is near the middle of September on Western calendars. AT: "On day 1 of month 7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# brought the law + +"brought The Book of the Law" + +# all who could hear and understand + +This would include children who were old enough to understand what was being read. + +# He faced the open area + +"He turned towards the open area" + +# he read from it + +Here "it" refers to the Book of the Law of Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/04.md b/neh/08/04.md index a0f38b69d4..7960fa7f45 100644 --- a/neh/08/04.md +++ b/neh/08/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Mattithiah, Shema, Anaiah, Uriah, Hilkiah, and Maaseiah...Pedaiah, Mishael, Malchijah, Hashum, Hashbaddanah, Zechariah, and Meshullam ## +# Mattithiah, Shema, Anaiah, Uriah, Hilkiah, and Maaseiah ... Pedaiah, Mishael, Malchijah, Hashum, Hashbaddanah, Zechariah, and Meshullam -These are all male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## when he opened it all the people stood up ## +# Ezra opened the book in the sight of all the people -The text is very clear that the opening of the book was the cue to stand. \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "sight" can be expressed with the verb "see." AT: "Everyone saw Ezra open the book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the book + +"The Book of the Law" + +# he was standing above the people + +"he was standing higher than the people" + +# when he opened it all the people stood up + +The people stood up out of respect for God's word. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/06.md b/neh/08/06.md index 0ce3c98fe1..b905c81aa6 100644 --- a/neh/08/06.md +++ b/neh/08/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Jeshua, Bani, Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, Pelaiah ## +# Ezra gave thanks to Yahweh -These are all male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The abstract noun "thanks" can be translated as a verb. AT: "Ezra thanked Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## And they read in the book, in the law of God, making it clear with interpretation and giving the meaning so they understood the reading. ## +# Jeshua, Bani, Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, Pelaiah -The sole purpose of the people was met in a very personal way. Levites answered questions and gave clarifying comments. \ No newline at end of file +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They read in the book + +The word "They" here refers to the Levites. + +# making it clear with interpretation and giving the meaning + +The abstract nouns "interpretation" and "meaning" can be translated as verbs. AT: "clearly interpreting and explaining it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the reading + +"what was read" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/09.md b/neh/08/09.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cd0b9cf8e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/08/09.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# For all the people wept + +This is a generalization that indicates there was great weeping among the people. AT: "For the people wept greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# eat the fat and have something sweet to drink + +The implied information is that the people were told to feast on rich food and sweet drinks. AT: "eat rich food and drink something sweet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Do not be grieved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the joy of Yahweh is your strength + +The abstract nouns "joy" and "strength" can be expressed as verbs or adjectives. AT: "rejoicing in Yahweh will protect you" or "being joyful in Yahweh will be your strong refuge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/11.md b/neh/08/11.md index e113861be6..ffd4847bca 100644 --- a/neh/08/11.md +++ b/neh/08/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Hush! ## +# Hush! -"Be quiet!" or "Do not make a sound!" +"Be quiet!" or "Be silent!" -## for this day is holy ## +# Do not be grieved -"for this day is set apart for God" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and to celebrate with great joy ## +# celebrate with great joy -"and to rejoice with great happiness" +The abstract noun "joy" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "rejoice greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## they had understood the words that were made known to them ## +# the words that were made known to them -This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "they had understood the words that the priest had explained to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the words that he declared to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/13.md b/neh/08/13.md index 737b15cff8..d09dd5a6e5 100644 --- a/neh/08/13.md +++ b/neh/08/13.md @@ -1,35 +1,31 @@ -## On the second day ## +# On the second day -"On day two" or "On the next day" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"On day 2" or "On the next day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## to gain insight from ## +# to gain insight from -"to understand" +The abstract noun "insight" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## how Yahweh had commanded through Moses that the people of Israel should live in tents during the feast of the seventh month ## +# should live in shelters -The reason for the Israelites living in the tents can be made explicit. AT: "how Yahweh had ordered Moses to command the people of Israel to live in temporary shelters that entire month, to remember that their ancestors lived in shelters when they walked in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +These were temporary shelters that people made out of branches and leaves. -## the seventh month ## +# the seventh month -"the 7th month" +"month 7." This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) -## They should make a proclamation ## +# They should make a proclamation "They should announce" -## myrtle ## +# myrtle -a type of tree with dark leaves and white flowers used for perfume. It was a symbol of peace and happiness. +a kind of small tree with colorful flowers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## shade trees ## +# shade trees -"trees with lots of thick leaves" +"leafy trees" -## to make temporary shelters ## +# as it is written -"to make tents which will last just for this festival" - -## as it is written ## - -This passive phrase can be translated as an active phrase. AT: "as Moses wrote about this" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "as Moses wrote about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/16.md b/neh/08/16.md index d0fd5be9bd..0e12dbce38 100644 --- a/neh/08/16.md +++ b/neh/08/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## in the open place by the Water Gate ## +# made themselves shelters -"in the square by the Water Gate" +"each built their own shelters" -## in the square at the Gate of Ephraim ## +# Water Gate ... Gate of Ephraim -"in the open place at the Gate of Ephraim" +These are names of large openings or doorways in the wall. -## Water Gate, Gate of Ephraim ## +# in the square at the Gate of Ephraim -These are the names of entranceways in the wall (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"in the open place by the Gate of Ephraim" -## Jeshua...Nun ## +# For since the days of Joshua -These are names of males. "Jeshua" can be translated as "Joshua." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"From the days of Joshua" -## And the joy was very great ## +# son of Nun -"And the people were very happy" \ No newline at end of file +"Nun" is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# their joy was very great + +The abstract noun "joy" can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "the people were very joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/18.md b/neh/08/18.md index 7c82f1f46b..ff719fe4b7 100644 --- a/neh/08/18.md +++ b/neh/08/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## on the eighth day was a solemn assembly ## +# day by day -"on the eighth day they called the people together" +This idiom means "each day." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the eighth day ## +# from the first day to the last -"the 8th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +The implied information is that it was during the entire week of the festival. AT: "from the first day to the last day of the week" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## in obedience to the decree ## +# They kept the festival -"as God had commanded" \ No newline at end of file +"They made a feast" or "They celebrated the festival" + +# on the eighth day + +"on day 8" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# solemn assembly + +This was a special religious gathering. + +# in obedience to the decree + +The implied information is that "the decree" was the command of Yahweh about how the Festival of Shelters was to end. AT: "as God had commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/08/intro.md b/neh/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..23529c77f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Nehemiah 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Reading of the Law ##### + +During the exile, the Hebrew language was no longer spoken. Only the priests and Levites still understood it. Ezra read the book of the law to the people in Hebrew and the Levites walked among the crowd translating it into Aramaic for the people to understand. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Festival of Shelters ##### + +After they heard Ezra read the Law of Moses, the people obeyed it by making temporary shelters for themselves with tree branches. They did this to remember that their ancestors slept in shelters when they came out of slavery in Egypt. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/01.md b/neh/09/01.md index bcef4b4ab1..f2c0b70ec5 100644 --- a/neh/09/01.md +++ b/neh/09/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## the twenty-fourth day ## +# the twenty-fourth day of the same month -fourth day** - "the 24th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"the twenty-fourth day of the seventh month" This is near the middle of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## the people of Israel were assembled ## +# the people of Israel were assembled -"the people of Israel came together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"the people of Israel came together" -## they were wearing sackcloth, and they put dust on their heads ## +# they were wearing sackcloth, and they put dust on their heads -This was in order to show how sorry they were for the wrong things they and their ancestors had done. +This was in order to show how sorry they were for the wrong things they and their ancestors had done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The descendants of Israel ## +# The descendants of Israel -"the sons and daughters of Israel" or "the Israelites" +"The Israelites" -## separated themselves apart from all the foreigners ## +# separated themselves from all the foreigners -"stood apart from those who were not sons and daughters of Israel" +"no longer had anything to do with those who were not Israelites" -## They stood and confessed their own sins and the evil actions of their ancestors ## +# They stood and confessed their own sins and the evil actions of their ancestors "They admitted the wrong things that they had done and also the wrong things their forefathers had done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/03.md b/neh/09/03.md index 053f73bcda..322a13e7b5 100644 --- a/neh/09/03.md +++ b/neh/09/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## They stood up in their places ## +# They stood up -The pronoun "they" here refers to all the Israelites. +All the Israelites stood up -## they were confessing ## +# they were confessing "they were admitting the wrong things they had done" -## and bowing down before ## +# bowing down before -"and worshipping" or "and praising" +"worshiping" or "praising" -## Jeshua, Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani, and Chenan ## +# The Levites, Jeshua, Bani ... stood on the stairs -These are the names of males who were the Levites (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Some versions translate, "Jeshua, Bani ... stood on the stairs built for the Levites" -## The Levites, Jeshua, Bani...stood on the stairs ## +# Jeshua, Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani, and Kenani -AT: "Jeshua, Bani...stood on the stairs built for the Levites" - -## they called out ## - -The pronoun "they" here refers to the Levites - Jeshua, Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani, and Chenan. \ No newline at end of file +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/05.md b/neh/09/05.md index f9dc2b4ff8..8e2ed3228d 100644 --- a/neh/09/05.md +++ b/neh/09/05.md @@ -1,35 +1,23 @@ -## Then the Levites...said, 'Stand up' ## +# Then the Levites ... said, "Stand up ... ever." Here the Levites are speaking to the people of Israel. -## give praise to Yahweh ## +# give praise to Yahweh "bless Yahweh" -## Jeshua, and Kadmiel, Bani, Hashabneiah, Sherebiah, Hodiah, Shebaniah, and Pethahiah ## +# Jeshua ... Kadmiel ... Bani ... Sherebiah ... Shebaniah -These are names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +men's names. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 9:3-4](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## forever and ever ## +# Hashabneiah ... Hodiah ... Pethahiah -This is an emphatic way of saying "for eternity" or "for all time." Israel is encouraged to praise Yahweh even after time ends. Here two words joined by "and" express a single idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) +men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## May they bless your glorious name ## +# May they bless your glorious name -Here the Levites are speaking to Yahweh. The word "they" refers to the people of Israel, and "your" refers to Yahweh. +the Levites are speaking to Yahweh. "May the people of Judah bless your glorious name, Yahweh" -## You made the sky ## +# the highest heavens, with all their host ... the host of heaven worship you -"You created the sky" - -## heaven, the highest heavens ## - -This is an emphatic way of saying "the entire universe" or "the sky and everything beyond it." - -## with all their angels arrayed for war ## - -This expression could refer to all the stars in the heavens or to the angels. It refers to everything in the universe. AT : "with all their host," or "with all their multitudes," or "everything in the heavens" - -## the angel armies of heaven ## - -AT: "the host of heaven" or "the multitudes of heaven." This could refer to the stars and planets or to the angels. \ No newline at end of file +A host is an army. The "host of heaven" speaks in a metaphor of the many stars as if they were an army. The stars in turn are a metaphor for the many angels. The stars worshiping Yahweh is a metaphor for the angels worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/07.md b/neh/09/07.md index bf040ef1dd..4d430370b6 100644 --- a/neh/09/07.md +++ b/neh/09/07.md @@ -1,25 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + The Levites continue their prayer before all the people. -## brought him out of Ur of the Chaldees ## +# Ur of the Chaldees -The implied information is that God brought Abram to the Promised Land, later named Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"Ur, where the Chaldean people group lived" -## gave him the name Abraham ## +# You found his heart was faithful before you -As part of his covenant with Abram, God gave him a new identity. Here the meaning of the names Abram and Abraham is important. AT: "changed his name to Abraham." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The heart, the inner being of the person, represents the person. AT: "You saw that he was completely faithful to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## You found his heart was faithful ## +# Canaanites ... Hittites ... Amorites ... Perizzites ... Jebusites ... Girgashites -Here "his heart" (part of a person) represents Abraham as a person. AT: "You saw that he was faithful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## before you ## - -"in your sight" or "in your presence" - -## the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, and the Girgashites ## - -These are people groups who are descended from the same ancestor and share a common language and culture. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/peoplegroup]]) - -## You have kept your promise ## - -"Your words are righteous" \ No newline at end of file +people group names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/09.md b/neh/09/09.md index 636cda24d0..db2b9ab794 100644 --- a/neh/09/09.md +++ b/neh/09/09.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## You saw the affliction ## +# You saw -Here "you" refers to God. +Yahweh saw -## You heard their cry ## +# you heard their cry -The implied information is that God was moved to action because of the Israelites' cries for help. (See: [[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])) +The implied information is that God was moved to action because of the Israelites' cries for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## signs and wonders against Pharaoh ## +# signs and wonders against Pharaoh -The plagues tested Pharaoh's heart, and they became a witness against his hardness of heart. AT: "signs and wonders that testified against Pharaoh" or "signs and wonders that condemned Pharaoh" +The plagues tested Pharaoh's heart, and they became a witness against his hardness of heart. AT: "signs and wonders that testified against Pharaoh" or "signs and wonders that condemned Pharaoh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## all the people of his land ## +# all the people of his land "all the Egyptians" -## acted with arrogance against them ## +# acted with arrogance against them "were arrogant toward the Israelites" or "mistreated God's chosen people" -## you made a name for yourself ## +# you made a name for yourself which stands to this day -This is another way of saying "you showed the world your character" or "you demonstrated your power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## which stands to this day ## - -"which people still remember" or "which endures even now" \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" represents a reputation. AT: "you made yourself famous and even now people still remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/11.md b/neh/09/11.md index 61ca549aac..aaec50c70d 100644 --- a/neh/09/11.md +++ b/neh/09/11.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## And you divided the sea ## +# you divided the sea -Here "you" refers to God. The Levites are telling the story of the Exodus from Egypt. (See: [Exodus 14:21](../../exo/14/21.md)) +God divided -## divided ## +# you ... threw those who pursued them into the depths, as a stone into deep waters -"ripped open" or "split open" - -## you...threw those who pursued them into the depths, as a stone into deep waters ## - -In this simile, the writer describes God throwing the Egyptians into the sea as a person would throw a stone into water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +In this simile, the writer describes God throwing the Egyptians into the sea as easily as a person would throw a stone into water, and the stone would disappear under the water completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/12.md b/neh/09/12.md index 80da65149d..66ad8580ad 100644 --- a/neh/09/12.md +++ b/neh/09/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## you led them ## +# You led them -Here "you" refers to Yahweh, and "them" refers to the Israelites. +Yahweh led the Israelites. -## to light up the way for them so they could walk in its light ## +# you came down -AT: "to light up the way they should go" +When God talks with his people, he is often described as "coming down" or "coming down from heaven." This is a descriptive way of saying that God appeared to that person. AT: "you appeared" or "you came down from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## you came down ## +# righteous decrees and true laws, good statutes and commandments -When God talks with his people, he is often described as "coming down" or "coming down from heaven." This is a descriptive way of saying that God appeared to that person. AT: "you appeared" or "you came down from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## righteous decrees and true laws, good statutes and commandments ## - -Both of these double phrases describe the same thing: God's Law or The Ten Commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these double phrases describe the same thing, the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/14.md b/neh/09/14.md index cf81803b53..a2a34722f9 100644 --- a/neh/09/14.md +++ b/neh/09/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## commandments and statutes and a law ## +# commandments ... statutes ... law -Three words are used for emphasis to describe the same thing: God's Law or The Ten Commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -## to go in to possess the land ## - -"to enter the land of Israel" or "to enter the Promised Land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Each of these three words refers to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/16.md b/neh/09/16.md index a60aaa10d5..47d2dc3963 100644 --- a/neh/09/16.md +++ b/neh/09/16.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## But they and our ancestors ## +# they and our ancestors -Here "they" refers to the Israelites at the time of Moses, and "our" refers to the people of Israel. +the Israelites at the time of Moses and the people of Israel after the time of Moses -## they were stubborn...became stubborn ## +# they were stubborn ... became stubborn -The literal statement is "they hardened their necks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The literal statement is "they hardened their necks." If your language has a different idiom for being stubborn, you may want to use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the wonders that you had done among them ## +# the wonders that you had done among them "the miracles that you had done among them" -## they appointed a leader to return to their slavery ## +# they appointed a leader to return to their slavery -"They appointed a leader to take them back to their slavery." After the Exodus from Egypt, the Israelites talked about appointing such a leader. (See: [Numbers 14:4](../../num/14/04.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The Israelites would know that this referred to their ancestors wanting to return to Egypt. AT: "they appointed a leader to take them back to Egypt where they had been slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## who is full of forgiveness ## +# who is full of forgiveness -"who is ready to forgive" \ No newline at end of file +The desire to forgive is spoken of as if it were a liquid that could fill a container. AT: "who is ready to forgive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# abounding in steadfast love + +Love is spoken of as if it were a food crop that Yahweh could share with people. AT: "loves his people very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/18.md b/neh/09/18.md index d85e37b014..2ae52175ec 100644 --- a/neh/09/18.md +++ b/neh/09/18.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## You did not abandon them even when they cast a calf out of molten metal and said, 'This is your God who brought you up out of Egypt,' while they committed great blasphemies. You, in your compassion, did not abandon them in the wilderness ## +# you ... did not abandon them -"Even when they made a calf out of molten metal and said, 'This is your God who brought you up out of Egypt,' and committed great blasphemies, you in your great mercies did not abandon them in the wilderness." +Yahweh did not abandon the Israelites. -## You did not abandon them ## +# cast a calf out of molten metal -Here "you" refers to Yahweh, and "them" refers to the Israelites at the time of Moses. +melted metal and molded it in the shape of a calf -## cast a calf out of molten metal ## +# The pillar of cloud ... the pillar of fire -"molded a calf out of melted metal" - -## The pillar of cloud...the pillar of fire ## - -See [Nehemiah 9:12](./12.md) - -## the road ## - -"the path" or "the way" \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 09:12](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/20.md b/neh/09/20.md index bc5997a2a7..deccc9e4c8 100644 --- a/neh/09/20.md +++ b/neh/09/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## You gave your good Spirit to instruct them ## +# Your good Spirit ... your manna ... water -Here "you" and "your" refer to Yahweh, and "them" refers to the Israelites at the time of Moses. +The writer changes the usual word order to emphasize the good things Yahweh gave his people. Your language may have another way of emphasizing these items. -## and your manna you did not withhold from their mouths ## +# instruct -"and you did not withhold your manna from their mouths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-order]]) +"teach" -## instruct ## +# your manna you did not withhold from their mouths -"teach" \ No newline at end of file +This litotes can be expressed positively. AT: "you generously gave them manna" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# from their mouths + +The mouth is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/22.md b/neh/09/22.md index 6ed18ccc9a..a2e711f08a 100644 --- a/neh/09/22.md +++ b/neh/09/22.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## You gave them kingdoms ## +# You gave them kingdoms -Here "you" refers to Yahweh, and "them" refers to the Israelites at the time of Moses. +Yahweh gave the Israelites kingdoms. -## you assigned them land in every distant corner ## +# gave them kingdoms and peoples -"you gave them possession of land in every corner" +"enabled them to conquer kingdoms and peoples" -## Sihon...Og ## +# assigning to them every corner of the land + +"enabling them to possess every part of the land" + +# Sihon ... Og These are the names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Heshbon...Bashan ## +# Heshbon ... Bashan These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/23.md b/neh/09/23.md index 2890da9b56..a42ea8ba59 100644 --- a/neh/09/23.md +++ b/neh/09/23.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## You made their children as numerous as the stars of heaven ## +# You made their children -"You multiplied their children as the stars of heaven" +Yahweh made the descendants of the Israelites at the time of Moses -## You made their ## +# gave them into their hands -Here "you" refers to Yahweh, and "their" refers to the Israelites at the time of Moses. - -## you brought them into the land. You told their ancestors to go in and possess it ## - -"you brought them into the land that you told their ancestors to enter and possess" - -## You gave them into their hands, with their kings and the peoples of the land ## - -Here "them" refers to the Canaanites, and "their" refers to the Israelites. "You handed the Canaanite kings and their people over to them" \ No newline at end of file +The Canaanites are spoken of as if they were small objects that a person could place in the hand of another person. To give something into a person's hand is to give that person complete control over that thing. AT: "enabled the Israelites to have complete control over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/25.md b/neh/09/25.md index 9c027b5378..dc1b00317d 100644 --- a/neh/09/25.md +++ b/neh/09/25.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## They captured ## +# They captured -Here "they" refers to the Israelites at the time of Moses. +The Israelites at the time of Moses captured -## a productive land ## +# a productive land "a fertile land" -## oliveyards ## +# cisterns -"olive orchards" +holes in the ground where people store water -## they ate and were filled and were satisfied ## +# grew fat -"they ate and they were satisfied, and they grew fat" - -## grew fat ## - -This is an idiom for "they prospered." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This might be a metaphor for "stopped thinking about Yahweh" or "became complacent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/26.md b/neh/09/26.md index 365422a246..4aa63eb3e4 100644 --- a/neh/09/26.md +++ b/neh/09/26.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## they threw your law behind their backs ## +# They threw your law behind their backs -This is a Hebrew idiom meaning "they disregarded your law" or "they paid no attention to your law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The law is spoken of as if it were a worthless item that a person could throw away. AT: "They considered your law worthless and paid no attention to it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they threw your law ## +# They threw your law -The word "they" refers to the Israelites, and "your" refers to Yahweh. +The Israelites threw Yahweh's law. -## you handed them over into ## +# you gave them into the hand of their enemies, who made them suffer -This is an idiom meaning "placed them under the control of" +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "you allowed their enemies to defeat them and cause them to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the hand of their enemies ## +# you sent them rescuers who rescued them out of the hand of their enemies -Here the word "hand" (a part) signifies the "enemies" (as a whole). AT: "their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## and many times you rescued them out of the hand of their enemies because of your great mercies ## - -"and because of your great mercies, you rescued them from out of the hand of their enemies" \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "you sent people to stop their enemies from harming them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/28.md b/neh/09/28.md index 6a4aeea83c..fd1d045a21 100644 --- a/neh/09/28.md +++ b/neh/09/28.md @@ -1,33 +1,23 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## after they had rest, they did evil before you ## +# they had rest, they did evil again before you Here "they" refers to the Israelites and "you" to Yahweh. -## you abandoned them to the hand of their enemies ## +# you abandoned them to the hand of their enemies -Here the word "hand" (a part) signifies the "enemies" (as a whole). AT: "you abandoned them to their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "you abandoned them and allow their enemies to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## so their enemies ruled over them ## +# did not listen to your commands -"so their enemies subdued them" +If your language has a word for "listen" that also means "obey," use it here. -## did not listen to your commands ## +# your decrees which give life to anyone who obeys them -"did not obey your commands" +Yahweh himself is spoken of as if he were the decrees themselves. AT: "you even though you give life to everyone who obeys your decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your decrees which give life ## +# They gave the stubborn shoulder-blade and stiffened their neck -The decrees do not give life but obeying the decrees causes God to bless the obedient person. - -## They did not obey them ## - -Here "them" refers to Yahweh's decrees. - -## but they paid them no attention ## - -The word "them" refers to Yahweh's decrees. "but they turned their backs and stiffened their necks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## and they refused even to listen to them ## - -"and refused to obey." \ No newline at end of file +These are images of an ox refusing to allow its owner to put a yoke on its shoulders. Here they are a metaphor that represents the people being stubborn. AT: "They became stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/30.md b/neh/09/30.md index ef5f08fa2e..9bda1e80d4 100644 --- a/neh/09/30.md +++ b/neh/09/30.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## you handed them over to ## +# you gave them into the hand of the neighboring peoples -This is an idiom meaning "placed them under the control of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "hand" represents power or control. See how you translated these words in [Nehemiah 9:27](./26.md). AT: "you allowed the neighboring peoples to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you handed ## +# you gave -Here "you" refers to Yahweh. +Yahweh gave -## you did not make a complete end of them, or forsake them ## +# you did not make a complete end of them -This is a figure of speech where two phrases say the same thing. The meaning is: "You did not abandon them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +"you did not destroy them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/32.md b/neh/09/32.md index 526a75ca2f..e597dc83cf 100644 --- a/neh/09/32.md +++ b/neh/09/32.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## Now therefore, our God, the great, the mighty, and the awesome God, who keeps his covenant and steadfast love ## +# do not let all this hardship seem little to you that has come on us ... until today -"Now, therefore, our God, you are great, mighty, and awesome, and you keep your covenant and steadfast love." +It is possible to divide this into two sentences. "Do not let all this hardship seem little to you. The hardship has come upon us ... until today" -## do not let all this hardship seem little to you that has come upon us...until today ## +# hardship ... has come on us ... everything that has come on us -Two new sentences should appear here. "Do not let all this hardship seem little to you. The hardship has come upon us...until today." - -## you are just in everything that has come on us ## - -AT: "you are just in sending us hardships" - -## and we have acted wickedly ## - -"but we have acted wickedly" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "come on us" speaks of bad things that happen as if they are people who cause harm. AT: "harm ... we have suffered ... everything we have suffered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/35.md b/neh/09/35.md index 085749e41a..34bc7c2c44 100644 --- a/neh/09/35.md +++ b/neh/09/35.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## while they enjoyed your great goodness ## +# while they enjoyed your great goodness to them -"while they enjoyed the richness of life you provided" +"while they enjoyed the good things you gave them" -## they did not serve you ## +# they did not serve you "they were not obedient to your law or teaching" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/36.md b/neh/09/36.md index e8934b131a..9698224583 100644 --- a/neh/09/36.md +++ b/neh/09/36.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## to enjoy, its fruit and its good gifts ## +# its good gifts -"to enjoy its fruit and its goodness" +"all the good things in it" or "all the good things we can get from it" -## The rich yield from our land goes to the kings ## +# The rich yield from our land goes to the kings -AT: "We pay tribute to kings for working our own land" +"We pay tribute to kings for working our own land" -## They rule over our bodies and over our livestock as they please ## +# They rule -"They" refers to the kings. \ No newline at end of file +The kings rule. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/38.md b/neh/09/38.md index a26b0ff3b6..371e633c4e 100644 --- a/neh/09/38.md +++ b/neh/09/38.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. -## Because of all this ## +# Because of all this -"This" refers to the Levites' account of Israel's disobedience and Yahweh's punishment given in the prior chapter. +because the people had disobeyed and Yahweh had punished them -## firm covenant in writing, on the sealed document ## +# On the sealed document are the names -"firm covenant in writing. On the sealed document" \ No newline at end of file +The reader should understand that the men wrote their names on the document before it was sealed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/09/intro.md b/neh/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ee90437468 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Nehemiah 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter and the next one form a single section. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prayer to God ##### + +The people prayed and thanked God for his care for them and the blessings he gave to them. They also confessed their sin of disobeying him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Learning from their ancestor's mistakes ##### +This chapter teaches that the Jews learned from the mistakes of their ancestors. They became determined to worship Yahweh alone, to not intermarry with other peoples, and to worship Yahweh as the law of Moses instructed them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +##### Recalling the great power of God ##### +It was common to recall the great things God did for Israel. This is a reminder to Israel of God's power. It is intended to bring the people to repentance and proper worship of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/01.md b/neh/10/01.md index 5bed1e15aa..75a95b40f4 100644 --- a/neh/10/01.md +++ b/neh/10/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## Nehemiah...Hacaliah...Zedekiah, Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah, Pashhur, Amariah, Malchijah ## +# On the sealed documents were -These are male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +You may need to fill in the missing words. "On the sealed documents were the names of the following people:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# sealed documents + +The documents were sealed after the names had been signed on the documents. + +# Nehemiah + +Some people believe that Nehemiah wrote this book and is speaking of himself as if he were someone else because this is an official list. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# Hakaliah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zedekiah, Seraiah ... Jeremiah, Pashhur, Amariah + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Azariah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:23](../03/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Malchijah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:11](../03/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/04.md b/neh/10/04.md index 603411525f..d088ea3063 100644 --- a/neh/10/04.md +++ b/neh/10/04.md @@ -1,9 +1,35 @@ -In these verses, Nehemiah lists the names of the priests who signed the sealed document. (See [Nehemiah 10:1](./01.md)) +# General Information: -## Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch, Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah, Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch, Meshullam, Abijah, Mijamin, Maaziah, Bilgai, and Shemaiah ## +In these verses, Nehemiah lists the names of the priests who signed the sealed document. (See: [Nehemiah 10:1](./01.md)) -These are male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Hattush -## These were the priests ## +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:10](../03/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This refers to the previous list of men who signed the document. “These were the names of the priests who signed the document.” \ No newline at end of file +# Shebaniah ... Meshullam + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 9:4](../09/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Malluk ... Obadiah, Daniel, Ginnethon ... Abijah, Mijamin, Maaziah, Bilgai + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Harim + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:11](../03/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Meremoth + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:4](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Baruch + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:20](../03/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shemaiah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:29](../03/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# These were the priests + +This refers to the previous list of men who signed the document. AT: "These were the names of the priests who signed the document" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/09.md b/neh/10/09.md index aaca994488..0d01704462 100644 --- a/neh/10/09.md +++ b/neh/10/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,63 @@ +# General Information: + In these verses, Nehemiah continues to list the names of the people who signed the sealed document. -## Jeshua, Azaniah, Binnui, Henadad, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Hodiah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan, Mica, Rehob, Hashabiah, Zaccur, Sherebiah, Shebaniah, Hodiah, Bani, and Beninu, Parosh, Pahath-Moab, Elam, Zattu, Bani ## +# The Levites were -Moab, Elam, Zattu, Bani** - These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This refers to those who put their names on the sealed documents. AT: "The Levites who put their names on the sealed documents were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## The Levites were ## +# Jeshua ... Henadad -"The Levites who signed the document were" +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:18-19](../03/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## The leaders of the people were ## +# Azaniah ... Rehob ... Beninu -“The leaders of the people who signed the document were” \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Binnui + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:24](../03/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kadmiel + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:43](../07/43.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shebaniah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 9:4](../09/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hodiah ... Kelita ... Pelaiah ... Sherebiah + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 8:7](../08/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hanan + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:49](../07/46.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mika + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 10:11](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hashabiah ... Bani + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:17](../03/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Zaccur + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:2](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The leaders of the people were + +This refers to those who put their names on the sealed documents. AT: "The leaders of the people who put their names on the sealed documents were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Parosh + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:25](../03/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Pahath-Moab + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:11](../03/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Elam ... Zattu + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:12](../07/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/15.md b/neh/10/15.md index f4e32ab3f2..17de6f754b 100644 --- a/neh/10/15.md +++ b/neh/10/15.md @@ -1,5 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + In these verses, Nehemiah continues to list the names of the people who signed the sealed document. -## Bunni, Azgad, Bebai, Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin, Ater, Hezekiah, Azzur, Hodiah, Hashum, Bezai, Hariph, Anathoth, Nobai, Magpiash, Meshullam, Hezir, Meshezabel, Zadok, Jaddua ## +# Bunni -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 9:4](../09/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Azgad, Bebai + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:16-17](../07/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Adonijah ... Azzur ... Nebai, Magpiash ... Hezir ... Jaddua + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bigvai + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:7](../07/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Adin, Ater, Hezekiah ... Hashum + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:20](../07/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hodiah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 8:7](../08/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Bezai, Hariph + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:23](../07/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anathoth + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:27](../07/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Meshullam ... Meshezabel, Zadok + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:4](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/22.md b/neh/10/22.md index 3de1f4601a..abb4f51c29 100644 --- a/neh/10/22.md +++ b/neh/10/22.md @@ -1,5 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + In these verses, Nehemiah continues to list the names of the people who signed the sealed document. -## Pelatiah...Baanah ## +# Pelatiah ... Hoshea ... Pilha ... Shobek ... Hashabnah ... Ahiah ... Anan ... Harim ... Baanah -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the name of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hanan + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:49](../07/46.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anaiah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 8:4](../08/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anaiah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:8](../03/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hasshub ... Hallohesh + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:11](../03/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Rehum + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:17](../03/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Maaseiah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:23](../03/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Malluk, Harim + +These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 10:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Baanah + +This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:6](../07/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/28.md b/neh/10/28.md index 1c9be2bd4d..c26f6ddb18 100644 --- a/neh/10/28.md +++ b/neh/10/28.md @@ -1,39 +1,31 @@ -## gatekeepers ## +# gatekeepers -These are people who looked after the opening in the wall and controlled who went in and out. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md) +This refers to the people assigned to each gate, responsible to control access to the city or temple, as well as to open and close the gates at times and for reasons set by the administrator. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md). -## singers ## +# singers "temple singers" -## all who had separated themselves from the people of the neighboring lands and pledged themselves to the law of God ## - -AT: "all who had separated themselves for the purpose of the Law of God" - -## all who had separated themselves ## - -This refers to the separate gathering of the Jews in [Nehemiah 9:1](../09/01.md). - -## all who have knowledge and understanding ## +# all who have knowledge and understanding This phrase can be made explicit. AT: "all who were old enough to understand what promising to obey God meant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## nobles ## +# their brothers, their nobles -"the group of people who are members of the highest social class" +"their fellow brothers the nobles" or "their brothers the leaders." These phrases refer to the same people. -## bound themselves with both a curse and an oath ## +# bound themselves with both a curse and an oath -The people did not physically tie themselves up with a curse and an oath. The phrase "curse and an oath" is a metonym for "a solemn promise. AT: "made a solemn promise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This speaks of the people taking an oath and a curse as if the oath and the curse were a rope that physically bound them. AT: "swore themselves to an oath and a curse" or "they took an oath and called for a curse to come on themselves if they failed to keep it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## with both a curse and an oath ## +# to walk in God's law -This says the same thing in two ways to emphasize the importance of the promise that the people were making. AT: "with a solemn oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "to live by God's law" or "to obey God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## to walk in God’s law ## +# which was given by Moses the servant of God -"to obey God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which Moses the servant of God had given to Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to observe ## +# to observe "to follow" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/30.md b/neh/10/30.md index f4e1652fa3..424c404fba 100644 --- a/neh/10/30.md +++ b/neh/10/30.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -In these verses, the people describe the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah 10:28](./28.md). +# General Information: -## We promised that we would not give our daughters to the people of the land or take their daughters for our sons ## +In these verses, the people describe the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah 10:29](./28.md). -"We made the commitment that we would not allow our daughters and sons to marry the people of the land who do not obey Yahweh" +# would not give our daughters to the people of the land or take their daughters for our sons -## We promised…we would not give…we would not buy…we will let…we will cancel… ## +This means that they would not allow their sons and daughters to marry them. AT: "would not give our daughters to marry the people of the land or take their daughters to marry our sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the people of the land + +This refers to the people who live in their land who do not worship Yahweh. AT: "the people of this land who do not worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# We promised ... we would not give ... we would not buy ... we will let ... we will cancel The pronoun "we" here includes Nehemiah and the Jewish people, but not the reader of this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## we will let our fields rest ## +# seventh year -"we will not plough our fields" or "we will not grow anything in our fields" +"7th year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## we will cancel all debts contracted by other Jews ## +# we will let our fields rest -"we will declare that Jewish people will no longer have to pay back what they owe us" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "we will not plow our fields" or "we will not grow anything in our fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# we will cancel all debts contracted by other Jews + +"we will cancel all debts to other Jews" or "we will forgive all debts owned to us by other Jews" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/32.md b/neh/10/32.md index e982d21221..4b9684874e 100644 --- a/neh/10/32.md +++ b/neh/10/32.md @@ -1,33 +1,27 @@ -In these verses, the people continue describing the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah 10:28](./28.md). +# General Information: -## We accepted the commands ## +In these verses, the people continue describing the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah 10:29](./28.md). -AT: "We promised ourselves" +# We accepted the commands -## We accepted ## +"We promised to obey the command" + +# We accepted The pronoun "we" here includes all the Israelites including Nehemiah except for the priest and Levites, and does not include the reader of this book (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## shekel ## +# a third of a shekel -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +"1/3 of a shekel." "A third" means one part out of three equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "5 grams of sliver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -## for the service of the house of our God ## +# for the service of -"to pay for the care of the temple" +"to pay for the care of" -## the bread of the presence ## +# the bread of the presence -This refers to the 12 loaves of bread baked without yeast kept in the temple and used to symbol God's presence with His people. +This refers to the 12 loaves of bread baked without yeast kept in the temple and used to symbolize God's presence with His people. -## the new moon festivals ## +# the new moon festivals -These were celebrations held when the moon was just a small crescent in the sky. - -## to make atonement for Israel ## - -"to pay for the sins of the Israelites" - -## as well as for all the work of the house of our God ## - -"as well as for taking care of the temple" \ No newline at end of file +These were celebrations held when the moon was just a small crescent in the sky. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/34.md b/neh/10/34.md index 950ce7e9d4..09d664ce5e 100644 --- a/neh/10/34.md +++ b/neh/10/34.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -In these verses, the people continue describing the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah 10:28](./28.md). +# General Information: -## the people cast lots ## +In these verses, the people continue describing the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah 10:29](./28.md). -"the people threw marked stones to decide who would be responsible" \ No newline at end of file +# to be burned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the Levites to burn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as it is written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as it states" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from our soil + +"in our soil" or "on our land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/37.md b/neh/10/37.md index 6848f662a3..2e37b1ebd2 100644 --- a/neh/10/37.md +++ b/neh/10/37.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -In these verses, the people continue describing the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah 10:28](./28.md). +# General Information: -## We will bring...We will bring ## +In these verses, the people continue describing the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah verse 29](./28.md). + +# We will bring ... We will bring The pronoun "we" here includes Nehemiah and the Israelites except for the priests and the Levites, and also does not include the reader of this book (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## the first of our dough ## +# the first of our dough Dough is "coarse flour" or "ground grain." -## the storerooms of the house of our God ## +# the new wine and the oil + +The missing words may be added. AT: "the first of the new wine and the oil" or "the best of the new wine and the oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the storerooms of the house of our God "the places where things are stored in the temple" -## the tithes from our soil ## +# the tithes from our soil -Here "our soil" refers to everything that is grown in the ground. AT: "one tenth of what we grow in the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "our soil" refers to everything that is grown in the ground. AT: "the tithes of what we grow in the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the storerooms of the treasury ## +# they receive the tithes -"the rooms where the priests stored the treasure" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people give them the tithes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a tenth + +This means one part out of ten equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# the storerooms of the treasury + +"the storerooms in the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/39.md b/neh/10/39.md index 90eb2903fb..11f1a31c9f 100644 --- a/neh/10/39.md +++ b/neh/10/39.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -In these verses, the people finish describing the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah 10:28](./28.md). +# General Information: -## the storerooms where the articles of the sanctuary are kept ## +In these verses, the people finish describing the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah 10:29](./28.md). -This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "the rooms where the priests keep the things that are used in the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# the storerooms where the articles of the sanctuary are kept -## gatekeepers ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the rooms where the priests keep the things that are used in the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -These are people who looked after the opening in the wall and controlled who went in and out. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md) +# We will not neglect the house of our God -## We will not neglect the house of our God ## +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "We will care for the temple" -This double negative statement is used to emphasize that the opposite idea is not true. AT: "We will look after the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +# We will -## We will ## - -The pronoun "we" here includes Nehemiah and all the people of Israel but does not include the reader of this book (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The pronoun "we" here includes Nehemiah and all the people of Israel but does not include the reader of this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/10/intro.md b/neh/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aa4c79ba2e --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Nehemiah 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter concludes the passage beginning in chapter 9. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The vow ##### + +By signing this document, the people vowed or agreed to obey God, not to buy things on the Sabbath and to pay their temple tax. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/01.md b/neh/11/01.md index 8b851e8627..518864872c 100644 --- a/neh/11/01.md +++ b/neh/11/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the people cast lots ## +# the people cast lots -"the people threw marked stones to decide who would be responsible" \ No newline at end of file +"the people threw marked stones" + +# to bring one of ten + +"to bring one family out of every ten families" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/03.md b/neh/11/03.md index db9782da9b..c7d08b86e8 100644 --- a/neh/11/03.md +++ b/neh/11/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## in their towns, including some Israelites ## +# on his own land, including some Israelites -"in their towns: Israelites" +"on his own land: Israelites" -## some of the people of Judah and the people of Benjamin ## +# some of the descendants of Judah and some of the descendants of Benjamin -"some of the Judahites and some of the Benjaminites" or "some of the descendants of Judah and some of the descendants of Benjamin" +"some of the people of Judah and some of the people of Benjamin" -## The people from Judah included: ## +# The people from Judah included: "From the descendants of Judah:" -## a descendant of Perez ## +# Judah ... Benjamin ... Athaiah ... Uzziah ... Zechariah ... Amariah ... Shephatiah ... Mahalalel ... Perez -"from the descendants of Perez" +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Benjamin…Athaiah…Uzziah…Zechariah…Amariah…Shephatiah…Mahalalel…Perez ## +# a descendant of Perez -These are male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"from the descendants of Perez" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/05.md b/neh/11/05.md index 779c315878..fbfaa8f3dc 100644 --- a/neh/11/05.md +++ b/neh/11/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## And there was Maaseiah ## +# Connecting Statement: -"and Maaseiah" +In these verses, Nehemiah continues to list the provincial officers who lived in Jerusalem. -## the sons of Perez ## +# Maaseiah ... Baruch ... Kol-Hozeh ... Hazaiah ... Adaiah ... Joiarib ... Zechariah ... Perez -"the descendants of Perez" +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## 468. They were outstanding men. ## +# Shilonite -"468 valiant men" or "468 courageous men." See how you translated numbers in [Nehemiah 7:11](../07/11.md). +This refers to a person who comes from the town of Shiloh. -## Maaseiah...Baruch...Colhozeh...Hazaiah...Adaiah...Joiarib...Zechariah...Shilonite...Perez ## +# All ... were 468 -These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"All ... were four hundred and sixty-eight." Perez had 468 descendants who lived in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# They were outstanding men + +"They were courageous men" or "They were valiant men" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/07.md b/neh/11/07.md index a6666f5bba..b8716209e0 100644 --- a/neh/11/07.md +++ b/neh/11/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + In these verses, Nehemiah continues to list the provincial officers who lived in Jerusalem. -## These are from the descendants ## +# These are the descendants -"These are the descendants" +"These are some of the descendants." Your language may need to specify that this is not a list of every descendant. -## Benjamin...Sallu...Meshullam...Joed...Pedaiah...Kolaiah...Maaseiah...Ithiel...Jeshaiah...Gabbai...Sallai...Joel, Zichri...Judah...Hassenuah ## +# Benjamin ... Sallu ... Meshullam ... Joed ... Pedaiah ... Kolaiah ... Maaseiah ... Ithiel ... Jeshaiah ... Gabbai ... Sallai ... Joel ... Zichri ... Judah ... Hassenuah -These are male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## a total of 928 men ## +# 928 men -See how you translated numbers in [Nehemiah 7:11](../07/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +"nine hundred and twenty-eight men." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/10.md b/neh/11/10.md index de2b41556c..a2b866c359 100644 --- a/neh/11/10.md +++ b/neh/11/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Jedaiah...Joiarib...Jachin...Seraiah...Hilkiah...Meshullam...Zadok...Meraioth...Ahitub...Adaiah...Jeroham...Pelaliah...Amzi...Zechariah...Pashhur...Malchijah ## +# Jedaiah ... Joiarib ... Jakin ... Seraiah ... Hilkiah ... Meshullam ... Zadok ... Meraioth ... Ahitub ... Adaiah ... Jeroham ... Pelaliah ... Amzi ... Zechariah ... Pashhur ... Malchijah -These are male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## ruler ## - -"official" or "overseer" - -## who did the work of the clan ## - -"who did the work of the temple" - -## their associates ## +# their associates "their brothers" or "their kinsmen" -## 822 men ## +# who did the work for the house -See how you translated numbers in [Nehemiah 7:11](../07/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +"who worked in the temple." The "house" referred to here is the "house of God" mentioned in the previous verse. + +# 822 men + +"eight hundred and twenty-two men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/13.md b/neh/11/13.md index b84c16bff0..5cde9ddaa2 100644 --- a/neh/11/13.md +++ b/neh/11/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## And there were his associates who were heads of families ## +# His brothers -"And his brothers were heads of clans" or "And his kinsmen were heads of clans" +the brothers of Adaiah, the son of Jeroham ([Nehemiah 11:12](./10.md)). -## his associates ## +# brothers -Here "his" refers to Adaiah, the son of Jeroham. (See [Nehemiah 11:10](./10.md)) +This word is a metaphor for 1) fellow Israelites or 2) people who did the same work. AT: "associates" or "fellow workers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## 242 men ## +# 242 men -See how you translated numbers in [Nehemiah 7:11](../07/11.md). +"two hundred and forty-two men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Amashsai…Azarel…Ahzai…Meshillemoth…Immer…Zabdiel…Haggedolim ## +# Amashsai ... Azarel ... Ahzai ... Meshillemoth ... Immer ... Zabdiel ... Haggedolim -These are male names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## courageous fighting men ## +# 128 courageous fighting men -"valiant warriors" or "courageous warriors" - -## 128 ## - -See how you translated numbers in [Nehemiah 7:11](../07/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +"one hundred and twenty-eight courageous fighting men". These were "valiant warriors" or "courageous warriors." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/15.md b/neh/11/15.md index 4576e06226..3183b4cfd8 100644 --- a/neh/11/15.md +++ b/neh/11/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Shemaiah...Hasshub...Azrikam...Hashabiah...Bunni... Shabbethai...Jozabad ## +# Shemaiah ... Hasshub ... Azrikam ... Hashabiah ... Bunni ... Shabbethai ... Jozabad -These are male names. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and Shabbethai and Jozabad, who were from the leaders of the Levites and were in charge of the outside work of the house of God ## +# who were from the leaders of the Levites and were in charge -"and Shabbethai and Jozabad, from the leaders of the Levites, were in charge of the outside work of the house of God" \ No newline at end of file +"from the leaders of the Levites, were in charge" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/17.md b/neh/11/17.md index 4f52de1d83..b7f448cdcc 100644 --- a/neh/11/17.md +++ b/neh/11/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Mattaniah...Mica...Zabdi...Asaph...Bakbukiah...Abda...Shammua...Galal...Jeduthun ## +# Mattaniah ... Mika ... Zabdi ... Asaph ... Bakbukiah ... Abda ... Shammua ... Galal ... Jeduthun -These are male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## his associates ## +# who began the thanksgiving in prayer -"his brothers" +That is, who directed the singers. -## In all the holy city were 284 Levites ## +# Bakbukiah, the second among his brothers -"All the Levites in the holy city were 284" or "There were, in all, 284 Levites in the holy city." See how you translated numbers in [Nehemiah 7:11](../07/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Bakbukiah was Mattaniah's kinsman and second in authority to Mattaniah or 2) "Bakbukiah, who led a second group of singers." + +# brothers + +Another possible meaning is "associates" or "fellow workers." + +# the holy city + +This expression refers to the city of Jerusalem. + +# numbered 284 + +"numbered two hundred and eighty-four." There were 284 Levites in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/19.md b/neh/11/19.md index 072a2d1db1..66355d6f6f 100644 --- a/neh/11/19.md +++ b/neh/11/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## gatekeepers ## +# gatekeepers -See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md) +people assigned to each gate, responsible to control access to the city or temple, as well as to open and close the gates at times and for reasons set by the administrator. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md). -## Akkub...Talmon...Ziha...Gishpa ## +# Akkub ... Talmon ... Ziha ... Gishpa -These are male names. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## their associates ## +# 172 men -"their brothers" +"one hundred and seventy-two men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## 172 men ## - -See how you translated numbers in [Nehemiah 7:11](../07/11.md). - -## The temple workers lived in Ophel, and Ziha and Gishpa were in charge of them ## - -"The temple workers lived in Ophel. Ziha and Gishpa were over the temple workers." - -## Ophel ## +# Ophel This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/22.md b/neh/11/22.md index 04131b8389..7995ef35e9 100644 --- a/neh/11/22.md +++ b/neh/11/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## The chief officer ## +# The chief officer over -"The overseer" +"The overseer of" -## who were serving in Jerusalem ## +# Uzzi ... Bani ... Hashabiah ... Mattaniah ... Mika ... Asaph ... Pethahiah ... Meshezabel ... Zerah ... Judah -"in Jerusalem" +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Uzzi...Bani...Hashabiah...Mattaniah...Mica, ...Asaph...Pethahiah...Meshezabel...Zerah...Judah ## +# They were under orders from the king -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"The king had told them what to do" -## They were under orders from the king ## +# firm orders were given for the singers -"For there was a commandment of the king concerning them" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the king had told them specifically what to do about the singers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## at the king’s side in all matters concerning the people ## +# at the king's side in all matters concerning the people -at the Persian king's side as an advisor in all matters concerning the Jewish people. \ No newline at end of file +"at the Persian king's side as an adviser in all matters concerning the Jewish people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/25.md b/neh/11/25.md index b7bd4e0d99..b9dd86fded 100644 --- a/neh/11/25.md +++ b/neh/11/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Kiriath Arba...Dibon...Jekabzeel...Jeshua...Moladah...Bethpelet...Hazar Shual...Beersheba ## +# Kiriath Arba ... Dibon ... Jekabzeel ... Jeshua ... Moladah ... Beth Pelet ... Hazar Shual ... Beersheba -These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/28.md b/neh/11/28.md index 2e5afd1722..fe1e4aae15 100644 --- a/neh/11/28.md +++ b/neh/11/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## they lived ## +# Ziklag ... Mekonah ... Enrimmon ... Zorah ... Jarmuth ... Zanoah ... Adullam ... Lachish ... Azekah ... Beersheba ... Valley of Hinnom -Here "they" refers to the people of Judah. +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Ziklag...Meconah...Enrimmon...Zorah...Jarmuth...Zanoah...Adullam...Lachish...Azekah...Beersheba...valley of Hinnom ## +# they lived -These are names of places. ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "they" refers to the people of Judah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/31.md b/neh/11/31.md index aee3c97ebd..2c7cfb496f 100644 --- a/neh/11/31.md +++ b/neh/11/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Geba...Michmash...Aija...Bethel...Anathoth, Nob, Ananiah, Hazor, Ramah, Gittaim, Hadid, Zeboim, Neballat, Lod...Ono...Judah ## +# The people of Benjamin also lived from Geba onward, at Mikmash and Aija -These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"The people of Benjamin lived in Geba, Mikmash and Aija" -## The people of Benjamin also lived from Geba onward, at Michmash and Aija ## +# Geba ... Mikmash ... Aija ... Bethel ... Anathoth, Nob, Ananiah, Hazor, Ramah, Gittaim, Hadid, Zeboim, Neballat, Lod ... Ono ... Judah -"The people of Benjamin lived in Geba, Michmash and Aija. +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Aija ## +# Aija This is possibly another name for the town of Ai. -## the valley of craftsmen ## +# the valley of craftsmen -This valley was called "Ge-harashim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this is a description of Ono or 2) it is "Craftsmen's Valley" or "the Valley of Craftsmen," another name for Ono, or 3) it is a different place from Ono, "and the Valley of Craftsmen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Some of the Levites who lived in Judah were assigned to the people of Benjamin ## +# Some of the Levites who lived in Judah were assigned to the people of Benjamin -"Some of the Judean divisions of Levites were assigned to live with the people of Benjamin." \ No newline at end of file +"Some of the Judean divisions of Levites were assigned to live with the people of Benjamin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/11/intro.md b/neh/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2def8e2be9 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Nehemiah 11 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The places where the Jews lived ##### + +Some people lived in Jerusalem, but most people lived in villages and towns away from Jerusalem. They lived there in order to farm the land and raise their animals. The city with its walls was there to provide all of the people with protection if enemies attacked them. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/01.md b/neh/12/01.md index d2d8fcff6d..b8f683af08 100644 --- a/neh/12/01.md +++ b/neh/12/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## who came up ## +# who came up "who arrived from Babylonia" -## with Zerubbabel ## +# with Zerubbabel "under the leadership of Zerubbabel" -## Zerubbabel...Shealtiel...Jeshua:Seraiah, Jeremiah, Ezra, Amariah, Malluch, Hattush, Shecaniah, Rehum, and Meremoth ## +# Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel ... Jeshua ... Seraiah ... Jeremiah ... Ezra ... Amariah ... Malluk ... Hattush ... Shecaniah ... Rehum ... Meremoth -These are male names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/04.md b/neh/12/04.md index 619dd6e82b..cfe1dd2cd4 100644 --- a/neh/12/04.md +++ b/neh/12/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Iddo, Ginnethoi, Abijah, Mijamin, Maadiah, Bilgah, Shemaiah, and Joiarib, Jedaiah, Sallu, Amok, Hilkiah, Jedaiah...Jeshua. ## +# Connecting Statement: -These are all male names (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +The list that began in [Nehemiah 12:1](./01.md) continues. -## Ginnethon ## +# There were -Ginnethoi may be another form of the name Ginnethon" +These words have been added for this translation. If you continue the list that began in [Nehemiah 12:1](./01.md), you can omit these words. -## Maadiah ## +# Iddo ... Ginnethon ... Abijah ... Mijamin ... Moadiah ... Bilgah ... Shemaiah ... Joiarib ... Jedaiah ... Sallu ... Amok ... Hilkiah ... Jedaiah ... Jeshua. -Moadiah may be another form of the name Maadiah. \ No newline at end of file +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ginnethon + +Ginnethoi may be another form of the name "Ginnethon". \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/08.md b/neh/12/08.md index c06169428c..2999f85053 100644 --- a/neh/12/08.md +++ b/neh/12/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Jeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, Sherebiah, Judah, and Mattaniah...Bakbukiah, and Unno ## +# Jeshua ... Binnui ... Kadmiel ... Sherebiah ... Judah ... Mattaniah ... Bakbukiah ... Unni -These are male names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Mattaniah...was in charge of the thanksgiving songs, along with his associates. Bakbukiah and Unno, their associates, stood opposite them during the service ## +# stood opposite them during the service -This means one person led two groups of singers in a musical form called 'call and response.' \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) this was during a worship service and these were two groups of singers or other worshipers, or 2) these groups guarded the temple at different times, or "took turns guarding the temple". \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/10.md b/neh/12/10.md index 299d44913c..19e4c11d9f 100644 --- a/neh/12/10.md +++ b/neh/12/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Jeshua...Joiakim...Eliashib...Joiada...Jonathan...Jaddua ## +# Jeshua ... Joiakim ... Eliashib ... Joiada ... Jonathan ... Jaddua -These are male names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] \ No newline at end of file +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Jeshua was the father of Joiakim + +If your reader will need to know that this Jeshua had been high priest many years before this time, you may want to follow the example of the UDB. AT: "Jeshua many years previously was the high priest. He was the father of Joiakim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/12.md b/neh/12/12.md index f83dea58bb..06452edcb2 100644 --- a/neh/12/12.md +++ b/neh/12/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## In the days of Joiakim these were the priests, the heads of fathers' families: Meraiah was the leader of Seraiah...Joseph was leader of Shebaniah ## +# Joiakim ... Meraiah ... Hananiah ... Meshullam ... Jehohanan ... Jonathan ... Joseph -This means there was a representative relative for each family. +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Joiakim...Meraiah...Seraiah, Hananiah...Jeremiah, Meshullam...Ezra, Jehohanan...Amariah, Jonathan...Malluchi, Joseph...Shebaniah ## +# Seraiah ... Jeremiah ... Ezra ... Amariah ... Malluk ... Shebaniah -These are male names. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of families named after men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/15.md b/neh/12/15.md index 71e778e9de..7bafe243ec 100644 --- a/neh/12/15.md +++ b/neh/12/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Adna was the leader of Harim... and Nethanel was leader of Jedaiah ## +# Connecting Statement: -This continues to list the representatives of each family. +The list that began in [Nehemiah 12:12](./12.md) continues. -## Meshullam was leader of Ginnethon ## +# Adna ... Helkai ... Zechariah ... Meshullam ... Zichri ... Piltai ... Shammua ... Jehonathan ... Mattenai ... Uzzi ... Kallai ... Eber ... Hashabiah ... Nethanel + +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Harim ... Meremoth ... Iddo ... Ginnethon ... Abijah ... Miniamin ... Moadiah ... Bilgah ... Shemaiah ... Joiarib ... Jedaiah ... Sallu ... Amok ... Hilkiah ... Jedaiah + +These are all names of families that are named after men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# was the leader of + +"was the leader of the family of" or "was the leader of the descendants of" + +# Meshullam was the leader of Ginnethon Ginnethon may be another form of the name Ginnethoi. -## There was also a leader of Miniamin. Piltai was leader of Moadiah ## +# of Miniamin -"Piltai was a leader of the family of Miniamin and Moadiah." +The Hebrew text mistakenly leaves out the name of the leader of the family of Miniamin. Some modern versions leave the expression incomplete, as the ULB does. Other versions provide a short explanation to make up for the omission of the leader's name, as the UDB does. -## Moadiah ## +# Moadiah -Maadiah may be another form of the name Moadiah. - -## Adna...Harim, Helkai...Meraioth, Zechariah...Iddo, Meshullam...Ginnethon, Zichri...Abijah...Miniamin. Piltai...Moadiah, Shammua...Bilgah, Jehonathan...Shemaiah, Mattenai...Joiarib, Uzzi...Jedaiah, Kallai...Sallai, Eber...Amok, Hashabiah...Hilkiah, and Nethanel...Jedaiah ## - -These are all male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Maadiah may be another form of the name Moadiah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/22.md b/neh/12/22.md index 94fcc8409d..01501d7f4a 100644 --- a/neh/12/22.md +++ b/neh/12/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## In the days of Eliashib, the Levites, Eliashib, Joiada, Johanan, and Jaddua, were recorded as the heads of families, and the priests were recorded during the reign of Darius the Persian ## +# Eliashib ... Joiada, Johanan ... Jaddua -This statement is ambiguous since it is not clear whether the Levites and priests represented one group or were two different groups. Here is one possible translation: "The family heads of the Levites in the days of Eliashib (Joiada, Johanan and Jaddua), as well as those of the priests, were recorded in the reign of Darius the Persian." +names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Eliashib...Joiada, Johanan, and Jaddua, were recorded as the heads of families ## +# during the reign of Darius -These males were recorded as heads of families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Another possible meaning is "until the reign of Darius" -## The descendants of Levi and their leaders of families ## +# recorded in the book of the annals -"The descendants of Levi, leaders of families" +This may refer to the Book of Chronicles. The scribes wrote the words in the verses above in a book that recorded the events of each day. -## recorded in the book of the annals ## - -This may refer to the Book of Chronicles. The scribes wrote the words in the verses above in a book that recorded the events of each day. - -## up to the days of Johanan the son of Eliashib ## +# up to the days of Johanan son of Eliashib The records in the temple recorded only up until Johanan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/24.md b/neh/12/24.md index 0d28698fd0..d33f4a7909 100644 --- a/neh/12/24.md +++ b/neh/12/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## who stood opposite them to give praise and to give thanks, responding section by section ## +# Hashabiah, Sherebiah ... Jeshua ... Kadmiel ... David ... Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub ... Joiakim ... Jeshua ... Jozadak ... Nehemiah ... Ezra -This refers to how worship was organized as "call and response." A leader-group may call to a single response-group or to two response-groups during worship. +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## obedience to the command of David ## +# who stood opposite them to give praise and to give thanks, responding section by section -King David directed how worship was to be organized and led by the Levites. +This refers to how they sang some of their songs in worship. A leader or one group would sing a phrase, then one or two groups that "stood opposite them" would sing a phrase in response. -## gatekeepers standing guard at the storerooms of the gates ## +# obedience to the command of David -"gatekeepers who guarded the temple storerooms by the gates" See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md) +King David had commanded the Levites how they were to organize and lead worship. -## in the days of ## +# in the days of Joiakim ... Jozadak, and in the days of Nehemiah the governor and of Ezra ... scribe -"during the leadership of" The date was fixed by listing those in charge at the time. - -## Hashabiah, Sherebiah...Jeshua...Kadmiel...David...Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub...Joiakim...Jeshua...Jozadak...Nehemiah...Ezra ## - -These are male names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The date was fixed by listing those who were leading the Jews at the time. "when Joiakim ... Jozadak was high priest, and when Nehemiah was governor and Ezra ... was the scribe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/27.md b/neh/12/27.md index 6dbab75239..26bd996b01 100644 --- a/neh/12/27.md +++ b/neh/12/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## At the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem ## +# At the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem -"For the dedication of Jerusalem's wall" Nehemiah records the dedication of the entire city wall. +Possible meanings are 1) "At the time when they dedicated the wall of Jerusalem" or 2) "So that the dedication of Jerusalem's wall could take place." -## the people sought out the Levites wherever they lived, to bring them to Jerusalem to celebrate the dedication with joy, with thanksgivings, singing, with cymbals, harps, and with lyres ## +# cymbals -"the people looked everywhere for Levites who could best celebrate the wall's dedication with joy, thanksgiving, singing, and their musical instruments." The people in charge of the dedication sought out those who were best qualified, spiritually, musically, and in all ways. \ No newline at end of file +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/29.md b/neh/12/29.md index 2b87e98c02..df5af85a2f 100644 --- a/neh/12/29.md +++ b/neh/12/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## Beth Gilgal...Geba and Azmaveth...Jerusalem ## +# Beth Gilgal ... Geba and Azmaveth -These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## for the singers had built for themselves villages around Jerusalem ## - -"for the singers lived in musical communities they had built in places surrounding Jerusalem." - -## The priests and the Levites purified ## - -This refers to a process of ritually purifying everything participating in the dedication ceremony: leaders, participants, instruments, buildings, even the walls themselves. \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/31.md b/neh/12/31.md index 232880c5f4..a01ca921e9 100644 --- a/neh/12/31.md +++ b/neh/12/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## Then I had the leaders of Judah ## +# the leaders of Judah -This refers to the leaders of the region of Judah. - -## I appointed two large choirs who gave thanks ## - -"I appointed two large processional thanksgiving choirs" - -## One went to the right on the wall toward the Dung Gate ## - -"One choir went to the right on top of the wall of the Dung Gate" \ No newline at end of file +the leaders of the people who lived in the region of Judah \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/32.md b/neh/12/32.md index 0b3d4b5329..577c25bbd9 100644 --- a/neh/12/32.md +++ b/neh/12/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Hoshaiah...Azariah, Ezra, Meshullam, Judah, Benjamin, Shemaiah, Jeremiah...Zechariah...Jonathan...Shemaiah...Mattaniah...Micaiah...Zaccur...Asaph ## +# Hoshaiah ... Azariah, Ezra, Meshullam, Judah, Benjamin, Shemaiah, Jeremiah ... Zechariah ... Jonathan ... Shemaiah ... Mattaniah ... Micaiah ... Zaccur ... Asaph These are the names of males. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## and after them went ## +# after them went -"and behind them followed" +"behind them followed" -## and some of the priests’ sons with trumpets, and Zechariah ## +# some of the priests' sons with trumpets, and Zechariah -AT: "and from among the priests with trumpets, Zechariah" +Some versions read, "from among the priests with trumpets, Zechariah" -## Zechariah the son of Jonathan, the son of Shemaiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micaiah, the son of Zaccur, a descendant of Asaph ## +# Zechariah son of Jonathan son of Shemaiah son of Mattaniah son of Micaiah son of Zaccur son of Asaph -All of the names after "Zechariah" are the ancestors of Zechariah. This list connects Zechariah with the famous singer Asaph. AT: "Zechariah who was the son of Jonathan, who was the son of Shemaiah, who was the son of Mattaniah, who was the son of Micaiah, who was the son of Zaccur, who was the son of Asaph" \ No newline at end of file +All of the names after "Zechariah" are the ancestors of Zechariah. This list connects Zechariah with the famous singer Asaph. "Zechariah who was the son of Jonathan, who was the son of Shemaiah, who was the son of Mattaniah, who was the son of Micaiah, who was the son of Zaccur son of Asaph" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/36.md b/neh/12/36.md index 0b9236421b..af90f234e9 100644 --- a/neh/12/36.md +++ b/neh/12/36.md @@ -1,35 +1,15 @@ -## There also were ## +# There also were "Along with them were" -## Zechariah...Shemaiah, Azarel, Milalai, Gilalai, Maai, Nethanel, Judah, Hanani...David...Ezra ## +# Zechariah ... Shemaiah, Azarel, Milalai, Gilalai, Maai, Nethanel, Judah, Hanani ... David ... Ezra These are the names of males. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hanani ## +# Ezra the scribe was in front of them -This male may not be a relative of Zechariah. +"Ezra the scribe was leading them" -## with the instruments of the music of David ## +# Fountain Gate ... Water Gate -"with the musical instruments of David" - -## Ezra the scribe was in front of them ## - -AT: "Ezra the scribe was leading them" - -## By the Fountain Gate they went straight up ## - -AT: "And by the Fountain Gate and opposite them, they went up" - -## Fountain Gate, Water Gate ## - -These are the names of openings in the wall. - -## they went straight up by the stairs of the city of David on the ascent of the wall, above David's palace, to the Water Gate on the east ## - -AT: "they went up to the heights of the city of David by means of the stair to the wall above the house of David and up to the Water Gate in the east" - -## on the ascent of the wall ## - -AT: "by the ascent to the wall" \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of openings in the wall. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/38.md b/neh/12/38.md index 4d002721d6..15e6db32e1 100644 --- a/neh/12/38.md +++ b/neh/12/38.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## choir ## +# choir "group of singers" -## went in the other direction ## +# I followed them -This is expressed in UDB as going to the left, but it means that they went in the opposite direction. AT: "went in the opposite direction" +Nehemiah followed them. -## I followed them ## +# Tower of Ovens ... Tower of Hananel ... Tower of the Hundred -Nehemiah is speaking here. AT: "I, Nehemiah, followed them" +These are the names of tall structures where people kept watch for danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Tower of Ovens, Tower of Hananel, Tower of Hammeah ## - -These are the names of tall structures where people kept watch for danger (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Broad Wall ## +# Broad Wall This is a name for part of the wall. -## Gate of Ephraim...Old Gate...Fish Gate...Sheep Gate...Gate of the Guard ## +# Gate of Ephraim ... Old Gate ... Fish Gate ... Sheep Gate ... Gate of the Guard These are the names of openings in the wall. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/40.md b/neh/12/40.md index 0e92f77b48..c958ab99df 100644 --- a/neh/12/40.md +++ b/neh/12/40.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## I also took my place ## +# I also took my place Nehemiah is speaking here. AT: "I, Nehemiah, also took my place" -## Eliakim, Maaseiah, Miniamin, Micaiah, Elioenai, Zechariah...Hananiah, Maaseiah, Shemaiah, Eleazar, Uzzi, Jehohanan, Malchijah, Elam, and Ezer ## +# Eliakim ... Maaseiah ... Miniamin ... Micaiah ... Elioenai ... Zechariah ... Hananiah ... Maaseiah ... Shemaiah ... Eleazar ... Uzzi ... Jehohanan ... Malchijah ... Elam ... Ezer These are the names of males who were the priests at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Jezrahiah ## +# Jezrahiah This is the name of a male who was the leader of the singers. -## The singers sang with Jezrahiah as director ## +# with the trumpets -AT: "The singers and Jezrahiah the director proclaimed" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) only the first seven priests listed from Eliakim to Hananiah carried trumpets or 2) all 15 priests listed from Eliakim to Ezer carried trumpets. + +# made themselves heard + +"sang loudly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/43.md b/neh/12/43.md index cd5d8708a6..15b0026be0 100644 --- a/neh/12/43.md +++ b/neh/12/43.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## for God had made them rejoice with great joy ## +# rejoice with great joy -"for God had made them celebrate with great joy" +"rejoice greatly" -## So the joy of Jerusalem could be heard far away ## +# So the joy of Jerusalem could be heard far away -"Jerusalem" means "the people of Jerusalem." AT: "the joy of the people of Jerusalem could be heard far away." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"The joy of Jerusalem" is a metonym for "the sound that the people of Jerusalem made." This can be translated in active form. AT: "people far away from Jerusalem could hear the sound that the people of Jerusalem made as they celebrated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/44.md b/neh/12/44.md index be06d06a8b..a2aa449d36 100644 --- a/neh/12/44.md +++ b/neh/12/44.md @@ -1,31 +1,19 @@ -## men were appointed to be in charge ## +# men were appointed to be in charge -This passive clause can be translated as an active clause. AT: "they appointed men to be in charge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. It is not clear who appointed the men. AT: "they appointed men to be in charge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the contributions ## +# the contributions -These were donations specifically for the priests. +things the people gave to the priests -## tithes to gather into them the portions required by the law for the priests and for the Levites. Each was assigned to work the fields near the towns ## +# For Judah rejoiced over the priests and the Levites -A new sentence can begin after the word "tithes." AT: "These men were also responsible for collecting from the fields outside the towns the portions that the Law required for the priests and Levites." +It seems that the people appointed the men because the people of Judah were grateful for the priests and Levites who were serving. -## For Judah rejoiced over the priests and the Levites ## +# who were standing before them -It seems that the men were appointed because the people of Judah were grateful for the priests and Levites who were serving. +The Levites and priests were not just standing, they were serving in their roles. The meaning can be made explicit. AT: "who were standing before them serving God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## who were standing before them ## +# gatekeepers -The Levites and priests weren't just standing, they were serving in their roles. The meaning can be made explicit. AT: "who were standing before them serving God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## They performed the service of their God, and the service of purification...and so did the singers and the gatekeepers ## - -Singing and gate keeping were both Levitical roles. AT: "they performed the service of their God and the service of purification, the duty of the singers and of the gatekeepers" - -## in keeping with the command of David and of Solomon his son ## - -AT: "just as the command of David was kept by Solomon his son" - -## gatekeepers ## - -See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md) \ No newline at end of file +These were people assigned to each gate, responsible to control access to the city or temple, as well as to open and close the gates at times and for reasons set by the administrator. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/46.md b/neh/12/46.md index f6250eb9ee..f4981aeea9 100644 --- a/neh/12/46.md +++ b/neh/12/46.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## there were directors of singers ## +# there were directors of singers -This sentence gives us more information about the time when David told people how to worship at the temple. +This sentence tells why the people did what they did in [Nehemiah 12:45](./44.md) and gives us more information about the time when David told people how to worship at the temple. -## In the days of Zerubbabel ## +# In the days of Zerubbabel Zerubbabel was a descendant of King David and one of the governors in the region of Judah. -## They set aside the portion ## +# They set aside the portion "All Israel set aside the portion" -## gatekeepers ## +# the descendants of Aaron -See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md) - -## the descendants of Aaron ## - -This refers to the priests in Israel, who descended from Aaron, the brother of Moses. \ No newline at end of file +the priests in Israel, who descended from Aaron, the brother of Moses \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/12/intro.md b/neh/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..830f15d59f --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Nehemiah 12 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Dedication of the wall ##### + +In the ancient Near East, it was common to dedicate an important structure to a god. When it was completed, the wall was dedicated to Yahweh. Long lists of people are present, indicating that "everyone" was present for this and praised Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/01.md b/neh/13/01.md index a45527a2ee..02cbefd691 100644 --- a/neh/13/01.md +++ b/neh/13/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## On that day they read the book of Moses in the hearing of the people ## +# in the hearing of the people -"In the hearing of the people that day, the priests read the book of Moses." Sometimes in earlier chapters the phrase "on that day" means "in olden times," but here the phrase refers to the actual day that the reading occurred. +"so that the people could hear it" -## the people ## +# should come into the assembly of God, forever -This refers to all the people who had gathered for this event, including those who had built the wall, lived in the city, and lived in the vicinity. +"should ever come into the assembly of God" -## an Ammonite and a Moabite should not come into the assembly of God, forever ## +# This was because -"no Ammonite or Moabite person should ever come into the congregation of God." - -## This was because ## - -"The historical reason for this was that" \ No newline at end of file +"They could not come into the assembly because" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/04.md b/neh/13/04.md index 38f95a79b2..7a3bd65db1 100644 --- a/neh/13/04.md +++ b/neh/13/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## He was related to Tobiah. ## +# Eliashib the priest was appointed -The context clearly shows that "he" refers to Eliashib. AT: "He was allied with Tobiah" or "He was closely associated with Tobiah." +This can be translated in active form. AT: "they appointed Eliashib the priest" or "the leaders appointed Eliashib the priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Tobiah ## +# He was related to Tobiah -He was the sworn enemy of these returning people. +"Eliashib and Tobiah worked closely together" -## Eliashib prepared for Tobiah a large storeroom ## +# Eliashib ... Tobiah -Eliashib prepared a large storeroom for Tobiah in an area that had always been purified to store offering supplies. +These are the names of men. -## gatekeepers ## +# Eliashib prepared for Tobiah a large storeroom -See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md) \ No newline at end of file +"Eliashib prepared a large storeroom for Tobiah to use" + +# gatekeepers + +people assigned to each gate, responsible to control access to the city or temple, as well as to open and close the gates at times and for reasons set by the administrator. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/06.md b/neh/13/06.md index a52b08715f..3a3e6d9a87 100644 --- a/neh/13/06.md +++ b/neh/13/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## But in all this time I was not in Jerusalem. ## +# But in all this time I was not in Jerusalem "During the time all this was happening, I was away from Jerusalem" -## the evil that Eliashib had done by giving Tobiah a storeroom in the courts of the house of God ## +# I was not -This was a room which had previously been purified to store offering supplies. (See [Nehemiah 13:4](./04.md)) \ No newline at end of file +Here "I" refers to Nehemiah. + +# a storeroom in the courts of the house of God + +This was a room which had previously been purified to store offering supplies ([Nehemiah 13:5](./04.md)). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/08.md b/neh/13/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index e5404cf594..0000000000 --- a/neh/13/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -## I was very angry and I threw all the household articles of Tobiah out of the storeroom. ## - -"I was furious and threw all Tobiah's household furnishings out of the storeroom. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/10.md b/neh/13/10.md index 5ef78a565c..fa0b91b9a9 100644 --- a/neh/13/10.md +++ b/neh/13/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## the portions assigned to give to the Levites had not been distributed to them ## +# the Levites' portions had not been given to them -AT: "the people of Israel had not been bringing into the storerooms their tithes and offerings of food for the temple priests" +The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. This can also be translated in active form. AT: "the people had not been bringing into the storerooms their tithes and offerings of food for the temple priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## so they hurried to leave the temple, each to his own field, as the singers who did the work also had done ## +# they had run away, each to his own field, the Levites and the singers who did the work -This can be written as a new sentence. "As a result, the priests and the singers who performed the service had gone away, each to his own field." +"the Levites and the singers who did the work had left the temple, each one going to his own field" -## the singers ## +# Why is the house of God neglected? -AT: "the musicians" - -## Why is the house of God neglected? ## - -This is a rhetorical question since Nehemiah uses it to challenge or even ridicule the officials who had not done their work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Nehemiah uses a rhetorical question to challenge or even ridicule the officials who had not done their work. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have neglected the house of God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/12.md b/neh/13/12.md index 289d91aada..ae31613cd5 100644 --- a/neh/13/12.md +++ b/neh/13/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## all Judah brought in the tithe ## +# all Judah -In response to Nehemiah's words in [Nehemiah 13:10](./10.md), the Jews are now keeping the law with regard to tithes and offerings for the priests. +The name of the land is a metonym for the people of the land. This is probably a generalization. AT: "all the people who lived in Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Shelemiah...Zadok...Pedaiah...Hanan...Zaccur...Mattaniah ## +# Shelemiah ... Zadok ... Pedaiah ... Hanan ... Zaccur ... Mattaniah -These are the names of males. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Call me to mind, my God, concerning this ## +# they were counted as trustworthy -"My God, remember me concerning this." Nehemiah gives his summary account of accomplishments to God, asks to be remembered, and closes that item to move on to the next. \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. The abstract noun "trustworthy" can be translated as a verb. AT: "I knew that I could trust them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Call me to mind, my God, concerning this + +"My God, remember me concerning this" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/15.md b/neh/13/15.md index eb5b19fc25..b1ac6b1b20 100644 --- a/neh/13/15.md +++ b/neh/13/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## treading wine presses on the sabbath ## +# treading winepresses -Jews were working on the sabbath in violation of the Law. +The word "winepresses" is a metonym for the grapes that were in the winepresses. The people were walking on grapes to get the juice out of them to make wine. AT: "walking on grapes in winepresses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## treading ## +# treading -walking on something to crush or press it - -## loading them on donkeys ## - -Jews were working their animals on the sabbath in violation of the Law. - -## they were selling food on that day ## - -Jews were selling on the sabbath in violation of the Law. \ No newline at end of file +walking on something to crush or press it \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/16.md b/neh/13/16.md index 699308f170..c91e992b79 100644 --- a/neh/13/16.md +++ b/neh/13/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Men from Tyre ## +# Tyre -Tyre was a city north of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## this evil thing ## +# What is this evil thing you are doing, profaning the Sabbath day? -"this thing against God's law" +Nehemiah is using a rhetorical question to scold the leaders of Judah. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are doing an evil thing by profaning the Sabbath day." or "God will punish you for doing this evil thing, for profaning the Sabbath day." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## profaning the sabbath day ## +# Did not your fathers do this? Did not our God bring all this evil on us and on this city? -"violating the sabbath day" - -## did not our God bring all this evil ## - -"did not our God bring all this punishment" \ No newline at end of file +Nehemiah is using these rhetorical questions to scold the leaders of Judah. These questions can be combined and translated as a statement. AT: "You know that your fathers did this, and that is why God brought all this evil on us and on this city." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/19.md b/neh/13/19.md index 55e2f13684..82b1ca7009 100644 --- a/neh/13/19.md +++ b/neh/13/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## As soon as it became dark at the gates of Jerusalem before the sabbath ## +# As soon as it became dark ... before the Sabbath -"At sundown at the gates of Jerusalem" or "At the official start of the sabbath at the gates of Jerusalem" +"When the sun went down ... and it was time for the Sabbath to begin" -## should not be opened until after the sabbath ## +# that the doors be shut and that they should not be opened until -"should not be opened until after the sabbath, at sundown the next day" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that the guards shut the doors and not open them until" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## all kinds of wares ## +# no load could be brought in -"all kinds of merchandise" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one could bring in things they wanted to sell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sellers of all kinds of wares + +"people who had brought many different things they wanted to sell" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/21.md b/neh/13/21.md index bb415e1b0e..f01e25843e 100644 --- a/neh/13/21.md +++ b/neh/13/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## "Why do you camp outside the wall? ## +# Why do you camp outside the wall? -Nehemiah poses this question not to receive an answer but to rebuke merchants and to emphasize his command. AT: "You are camping outside the wall and it is against my direction." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Nehemiah uses a rhetorical question to rebuke merchants and to emphasize his command. This question can be translated as a statement. The full meaning of this statement can also be made explicit. AT: "You are camping outside the wall against what I commanded." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I will lay hands on you! ## +# I will lay hands on you! -"I will send you away by force!" or "I will remove you by force!" +The word "hands" is a metonym for forceful action. AT: "I will send you away by force!" or "I will remove you by force!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Call me to mind for this also, my God ## +# Call me to mind for this also, my God -"My God, remember me also for this." For the second time, Nehemiah is giving an account of the things he did to make sure that the Law was followed. This is not directed to the people, but directed to God. He asks God to remember what he has done. - -## because of the covenant loyalty you have toward me ## - -"because of the promise of loyalty you have toward me." \ No newline at end of file +"My God, remember me concerning this also." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Nehemiah 13:14](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/23.md b/neh/13/23.md index 427babb413..a758efe46c 100644 --- a/neh/13/23.md +++ b/neh/13/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Jews that had married women of Ashdod, Ammon, and Moab ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Jews that had married foreign women" God had forbidden intermarriage. +These verses introduce the action that follows. -## Ashdod...Ammon...Moab ## +# Jews that had married women of Ashdod, Ammon, and Moab -These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Jews that had married foreign women." God had forbidden intermarriage. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Half their children ## +# Ashdod -"As a result, half their children" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Ammon ... Moab + +These are the names of nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Half of their children + +"As a result, half of their children" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/25.md b/neh/13/25.md index d32d62bec2..354b642d62 100644 --- a/neh/13/25.md +++ b/neh/13/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## I confronted them ## +# I confronted them -"I spoke directly to them about their offense" +"I spoke directly to them about what they had done" -## I hit some of them ## +# I hit some of them -"I physically assaulted them" or "I beat them up" +Nehemiah hit some of them with his hands. -## I made them swear by God ## +# I made them swear by God "I made them say a promise before God" -## Did not Solomon king of Israel sin on account of these women? ## +# Did not Solomon king of Israel sin on account of these women? -This is a statement that is given emphasis by being stated in the form a question. It does not expect an answer. AT: "Solomon king of Israel sinned on account of these women." (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Nehemiah uses a rhetorical question to scold the men. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that Solomon king of Israel sinned on account of these women." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Should we then listen to you and do all this great evil, and act treacherously against our God by marrying foreign women? ## +# Should we then listen to you and do all this great evil, and act treacherously against our God by marrying foreign women? -This is a statement that is given emphasis by being stated in the form a question. It does not expect an answer. AT: "We will not listen to you or do this great evil, nor act treacherously against our God by marrying foreign women" \ No newline at end of file +Nehemiah uses a rhetorical question to scold the men. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "We will not listen to you or do this great evil or act treacherously against our God by marrying foreign women." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/28.md b/neh/13/28.md index d826a3eb71..b039554a4a 100644 --- a/neh/13/28.md +++ b/neh/13/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Joiada...Eliashib...Sanballat ## +# Joiada ... Eliashib ... Sanballat -These are names of males. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the Horonite ## +# the Horonite -This is a people group. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/peoplegroup]]) +This refers to a person from the city of Beth Horon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Sanballat ## +# I caused him to flee from my presence -the sworn enemy of the Jews +"I chased him away" or "I made him leave Jerusalem" -## physically removed him ## +# Call them to mind -"physically dragged him out" +"Think about them" or "Remember what they have done." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Nehemiah 13:14](./12.md). -## Call them to mind, my God ## +# they have defiled the priesthood, and the covenant of the priesthood and the Levites -"My God, remember these people and what I have done*" - For the third time, Nehemiah is giving an account of the things he did to make sure that the Law was followed. He asks God to remember his deeds. \ No newline at end of file +Causing the priesthood to be dishonored and breaking the covenant is spoken of as if they made the priesthood and covenant physically unclean. AT: "they have dishonored the priesthood and broken the covenant you made with the priests and Levites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/30.md b/neh/13/30.md index 2534c5e10b..fa4b97fd20 100644 --- a/neh/13/30.md +++ b/neh/13/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Thus I cleansed them ## +# Thus I cleansed them "In this way I purified them" -## the duties ## +# established the duties of the priests and the Levites -"the responsibilities" +"told the priests and Levites what they were to do" -## I provided for the wood offering ## +# I provided for the wood offering "I arranged for a supply of wood for the wood offerings" -## for the firstfruits ## +# for the firstfruits "for the offering of firstfruits at harvest time" -## Call me to mind, my God, for good ## +# Call me to mind, my God, for good -"My God, remember me for good." One last time, Nehemiah is giving an account of the things he did to make sure that the Law was followed. This is not directed to the people, but directed to God. He asks God to remember his deeds. (See: [Nehemiah 13:12](./12.md) and [Nehemiah 13:21](./21.md) and [Nehemiah 13:28](./28.md)) \ No newline at end of file +"Think about all I have done, my God, and bless me because of the good things I have done." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Nehemiah 13:14](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/13/intro.md b/neh/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8789eb8322 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Nehemiah 13 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Nehemiah returns to Jerusalem ##### + +Nehemiah was eager to make sure that the Jews kept their promise to obey the law. When he returned from Persia, he found many things wrong: one of the store rooms in the temple had been converted into a guest room for Tobiah, the Levites had not received their portions for working in the temple, people were working on the Sabbath, and many had married heathen wives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Nehemiah 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/neh/front/intro.md b/neh/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ba038654d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/neh/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +# Introduction to Nehemiah # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Nehemiah #### + +1. Nehemiah's return to Jerusalem + - How Nehemiah receives permission to return to Jerusalem (1:1–2:8) + - Nehemiah begins to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem (2:9–2:20) +1. Rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem + - Beginning at the Sheep Gate and attracting notice of enemies (3:1–32) + - Sanballat and Tobiah threaten to stop the work on the walls (4:1–12) + - The work proceeds under Nehemiah's leadership (4:13–23) +1. Nehemiah addresses mistreatment of the poor and provides an example of unselfishness (5:1–19) +1. Samaritans seek to slow the work of rebuilding the walls, but the walls are completed in fifty-two days (6:1–19) +1. A repeat of the counting of the people (7:6–70) +1. The renewal of the covenant with Yahweh (10:1–39) +1. A counting of the Jewish leaders in the region (11:1–36) +1. A counting of the priests and Levites (12:1–26) +1. The dedication of the walls of Jerusalem (12:27–47) +1. Correcting abuses and bringing reforms (13:1–31) + +#### What is Nehemiah about? #### + +Nehemiah's mission was to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem. Nehemiah received a report about the condition of the wall around Jerusalem. In those times, the city wall was essential to the protection of the city against armies and invaders. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +It is suggested that translators use a self-explanatory title or follow the regional or the national language versions of the Bible. "Nehemiah" is named for the events of the book which focus on the leadership of Nehemiah. It is likely that the books of Ezra and Nehemiah were originally one book but were separated. One possible title is "The Book about Nehemiah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Why were Israelites not allowed to marry people from other nations? #### + +Yahweh knew that marry foreign wives would cause the people of Israel to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Did all of the people of Israel return to their homeland? #### + +Most of the people remained in Babylon and did not return to the Promised Land. They had a life in Babylon and desired to remain there but the were not able to sacrifice in the temple. The remnant who returned to Israel were very faithful because they returned. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +#### What was the religious environment like upon the people's return to Israel? #### + +Although the people returning to Israel committed significant sins, the word of God always brought them to repentance and restored their relationship with Yahweh. In addition to this, the religion of Israel became less centered on the temple and its sacrifices. The building of the walls in Ezra and Nehemiah show the separation of Israel from the world around it both physically and spiritually. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the meaning of the term Israel? #### + +Israel is used in many different ways in Scripture. The descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group is also the nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, which is a reference to the "kingdom of Israel." Nehemiah uses the term "Israel" to refer to the kingdom of Judah, since the people from the kingdom of Israel have lost their identity through intermarriage. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/israel]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/kingdomofisrael]]) + +#### Is the book in chronological order? #### + +No, there are parts of Nehemiah that do not follow a strict chronological sequence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/01.md b/num/01/01.md index 3d2b261545..96e2dd4500 100644 --- a/num/01/01.md +++ b/num/01/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Count them by name ## +# Yahweh -AT: "Count every single one of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -## record the number of men in their armed groups ## +# the first day of the second month + +"the 1st day of the 2nd month." This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the second year + +"the 2nd year" or "year 2" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Count them by name + +This means to count the men by recording their names. AT: "Count them, recording each man's name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# twenty years old + +"20 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# record the number of men in their armed groups This refers to assigning the men to their military divisions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/04.md b/num/01/04.md index 0ee239bcc5..8d1eeeebe3 100644 --- a/num/01/04.md +++ b/num/01/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## a clan head ## +# a clan head -AT: "a leader of a clan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"a leader of a clan" + +# serve with you + +"help you" + +# Elizur ... Shedeur ... Shelumiel ... Zurishaddai + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/07.md b/num/01/07.md index beb37c45f9..e277832c0a 100644 --- a/num/01/07.md +++ b/num/01/07.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -Yahweh continues to list the leaders of the tribes to Moses. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues to list the leaders of the tribes to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/10.md b/num/01/10.md index beb37c45f9..e277832c0a 100644 --- a/num/01/10.md +++ b/num/01/10.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -Yahweh continues to list the leaders of the tribes to Moses. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues to list the leaders of the tribes to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/12.md b/num/01/12.md index bc67d35fb2..e277832c0a 100644 --- a/num/01/12.md +++ b/num/01/12.md @@ -1,2 +1,3 @@ -Yahweh continues to list the leaders of the tribes to Moses. -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues to list the leaders of the tribes to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/16.md b/num/01/16.md index c6017e2aaf..b2cc73a1e4 100644 --- a/num/01/16.md +++ b/num/01/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the men appointed ## +# the men appointed -AT: "the men whom Yahweh appointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the men whom Yahweh appointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/17.md b/num/01/17.md index d46cdf772d..d543ac6b24 100644 --- a/num/01/17.md +++ b/num/01/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## took these men ## +# took these men "gathered these men together" -## who were recorded by name ## +# who were recorded by name -AT: "whose names they had recorded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whose names they had recorded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Then each man...identified his ancestry. He had to name the clans and families descended from his ancestors ## +# the first day of the second month + +"the 1st day of the 2nd month." This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of April on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Then each man ... identified his ancestry. He had to name the clans and families descended from his ancestors The second sentence means basically the same thing as the first and is added for clarification. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## He had to name ## +# He had to name -AT: "Each man had to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" means to "say." AT: "Each man had to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/20.md b/num/01/20.md index bcfb6c38f3..a4a19fde89 100644 --- a/num/01/20.md +++ b/num/01/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## were counted all the names ## +# were counted all the names -AT: "they counted all the names" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they counted all the names" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## 46,500 men ## +# able to go to war -AT: "forty-six thousand, five hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"who was able to go to war" + +# 46,500 men + +"forty-six thousand five hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/22.md b/num/01/22.md index e6180aa49e..d1d7ceb613 100644 --- a/num/01/22.md +++ b/num/01/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## were counted all the names...clans and families ## +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 59,300 men + +"fifty-nine thousand three hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/24.md b/num/01/24.md index e6180aa49e..fd55ec929e 100644 --- a/num/01/24.md +++ b/num/01/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## were counted all the names...clans and families ## +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 45,650 men + +"forty-five thousand six hundred and fifty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/26.md b/num/01/26.md index e6180aa49e..7cd96bb936 100644 --- a/num/01/26.md +++ b/num/01/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## were counted all the names...clans and families ## +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 74,600 men + +"seventy-four thousand six hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/28.md b/num/01/28.md index e6180aa49e..e1829190d8 100644 --- a/num/01/28.md +++ b/num/01/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## were counted all the names...clans and families ## +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 54,400 men + +"fifty-four thousand four hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/30.md b/num/01/30.md index e6180aa49e..698e5afd80 100644 --- a/num/01/30.md +++ b/num/01/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## were counted all the names...clans and families ## +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 57,400 men + +"fifty-seven thousand four hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/32.md b/num/01/32.md index e6180aa49e..a0bd757c13 100644 --- a/num/01/32.md +++ b/num/01/32.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## were counted all the names...clans and families ## +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 40,500 men + +"forty thousand five hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/34.md b/num/01/34.md index e6180aa49e..eafbf3e314 100644 --- a/num/01/34.md +++ b/num/01/34.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## were counted all the names...clans and families ## +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 32,200 men + +"thirty-two thousand two hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/36.md b/num/01/36.md index e6180aa49e..dee49bfcfb 100644 --- a/num/01/36.md +++ b/num/01/36.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## were counted all the names...clans and families ## +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 35,400 men + +"thirty-five thousand four hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/38.md b/num/01/38.md index e6180aa49e..0d6f29f524 100644 --- a/num/01/38.md +++ b/num/01/38.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## were counted all the names...clans and families ## +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They counted 62,700 + +"They counted sixty-two thousand seven hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/40.md b/num/01/40.md index e6180aa49e..36158a7646 100644 --- a/num/01/40.md +++ b/num/01/40.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## were counted all the names...clans and families ## +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They counted 41,500 + +"They counted forty-one thousand five hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/42.md b/num/01/42.md index e6180aa49e..94d193bae8 100644 --- a/num/01/42.md +++ b/num/01/42.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## were counted all the names...clans and families ## +# were counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families -See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "they counted all the names of each and every man ... clans and families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They counted 53,400 + +"They counted fifty-three thousand four hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/44.md b/num/01/44.md index 76e0eb6b8a..7c97f37659 100644 --- a/num/01/44.md +++ b/num/01/44.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## were counted ## +# So all the men of Israel ... were counted in each of their families -AT: "Moses and Aaron counted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "were counted" can be stated in active form. This long phrase is repeated multiple times in the census. See how you translated it in [Numbers 1:20](./20.md). AT: "So they counted all the men of Israel ... in each of their families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 603,550 men + +"six hundred and three thousand five hundred and fifty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/47.md b/num/01/47.md index b5a564cd52..93c5a13bae 100644 --- a/num/01/47.md +++ b/num/01/47.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## the men who were descended from Levi were not counted ## +# the men who were descended from Levi were not counted -AT: "Moses and Aaron did not count the men who were descended from Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses and Aaron did not count the men who were descended from Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who were descended from Levi + +In some languages this is a passive verb. If needed, this can be written differently. AT: "who were from the tribe of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# must not count the tribe of Levi + +Here the "tribe of Levi" refers to all of the men in the tribe of Levi. AT: "must not count the men of the tribe of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/50.md b/num/01/50.md index 7602afb78e..7c88d35309 100644 --- a/num/01/50.md +++ b/num/01/50.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## everything in it ## +# the tabernacle of the covenant decrees -Here the word "it" refers to the tabernacle. \ No newline at end of file +The tabernacle was also called by this longer name because the ark with the law of God was placed inside it. + +# everything in it + +Here "it" refers to the tabernacle. + +# The Levites must carry the tabernacle + +It was their job to carry the tabernacle when they traveled. AT: "When you travel, the Levites must carry the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# make their camp around it + +This means that they were to set up their tents around the tabernacle. AT: "set up their tents around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/51.md b/num/01/51.md index de0331c34c..f85cbdde0a 100644 --- a/num/01/51.md +++ b/num/01/51.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## When the tabernacle is to be set up ## +# When the tabernacle is to be set up -AT: "When it is time to set up the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When it is time to set up the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## any stranger...must be killed ## +# Any stranger ... must be killed -AT: "any stranger...must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Any stranger ... must die" or "You must kill any stranger who comes near the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## near the banner ## +# the banner -A "banner" is a large flag. +a large flag -## his armed group ## +# his armed group "his military division" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/53.md b/num/01/53.md index 68fd71876d..7f26421b05 100644 --- a/num/01/53.md +++ b/num/01/53.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## so that my anger does not fall on the people of Israel ## +# the tabernacle of the covenant decrees -AT: "so that I will not punish the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The tabernacle was also called by this longer name because the ark with the law of God was placed inside it. See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:50](./50.md). + +# so that my anger does not come upon the people of Israel + +Here Yahweh speaks of not punishing the Israelites as his anger not coming upon them. The phrase "come upon" refers to his anger being applied to them. AT: "so that in my anger I do not punish the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh commanded through Moses + +Yahweh had commanded Moses everything that the Israelites were to do, and then Moses had commanded the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/intro.md b/num/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8ded895b42 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Numbers 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or lists. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:5-15, which is an extended list. + +##### Census ##### + +They counted how many men of military age were in each tribe of Israel. These men would also become the heads of families. It is possible the numbers in this chapter are rounded to the nearest 100. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Numbers intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/01.md b/num/02/01.md index f70da76bd0..84897c226a 100644 --- a/num/02/01.md +++ b/num/02/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## banner ## +# around his standard -A “banner” is a large flag. +The "standards" were four larger groups that the tribes were divided into. Each standard was commanded to camp together. The standards was represented by a banner. -## his armed group ## +# with the banners of their fathers' houses -“his military division” \ No newline at end of file +Each extended family also had a banner under with the camp, which was within the area designated for their standard. + +# banners + +A banner is a large flag. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/03.md b/num/02/03.md index f72360d211..9ba63da270 100644 --- a/num/02/03.md +++ b/num/02/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## 74,600 men ## +# under their standard -AT: "seventy-four thousand, six hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +The "standards" were four larger groups that the tribes were divided into. Each standard was commanded to camp together, and was represented by a banner. See how you translated "standards" in [Numbers 2:2](./01.md). + +# Nahshon son of Amminadab + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:7](../01/07.md). + +# 74,600 + +"seventy-four thousand six hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/05.md b/num/02/05.md index a8f5a60ea2..67b5fe9484 100644 --- a/num/02/05.md +++ b/num/02/05.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Nethanel son of Zuar + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:8](../01/07.md). + +# division + +This is a military term for a large group of soldiers. Each tribe was its own "division." + +# 54,400 men + +"fifty-four thousand four hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/07.md b/num/02/07.md index a8f5a60ea2..85394cbc3a 100644 --- a/num/02/07.md +++ b/num/02/07.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Eliab son of Helon + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:9](../01/07.md). + +# 57,400 + +"fifty-seven thousand four hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "57,400 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/09.md b/num/02/09.md index a8f5a60ea2..08eacc426a 100644 --- a/num/02/09.md +++ b/num/02/09.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# All the number ... is 186,400 + +"All the number ... is one hundred and eighty-six thousand four hundred." This number includes all of the men in the tribes that camped under the standard of Judah. AT: "The number of the men camped under the standard of Judah is 186,400" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They will set out first + +This means that they will set out first when the Israelite camp moves. AT: "When travelling, they will set out first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# first + +"1st" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/10.md b/num/02/10.md index a8f5a60ea2..875da0703d 100644 --- a/num/02/10.md +++ b/num/02/10.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# under their standard + +The "standards" were four larger groups that the tribes were divided into. Each standard was commanded to camp together. The standards were represented by a banner. See how you translated "standards" in [Numbers 2:2](./01.md). + +# Elizur son of Shedeur + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:5](../01/04.md). + +# 46,500 + +"forty-six thousand five hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "46,500 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/12.md b/num/02/12.md index a8f5a60ea2..73b2ff6369 100644 --- a/num/02/12.md +++ b/num/02/12.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:6](../01/04.md). + +# 59,300 + +"Fifty-nine thousand three hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "59,300 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/14.md b/num/02/14.md index a8f5a60ea2..a0ef0ce7dd 100644 --- a/num/02/14.md +++ b/num/02/14.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Eliasaph son of Deuel + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:14](../01/12.md). + +# 45,650 + +"forty-five thousand six hundred and fifty." This refers to the number of men. AT: "45,650 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/16.md b/num/02/16.md index a8f5a60ea2..4c7cb2130e 100644 --- a/num/02/16.md +++ b/num/02/16.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# The number of all the men ... is 151,450 + +"The number of all the men ... is one hundred and fifty-one thousand four hundred and fifty." This number includes all of the men in the tribes that camped under the standard of Reuben. AT: "The number of all the men camped under the standard of Reuben, according to their divisions, is 151,450" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# second + +"2nd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/17.md b/num/02/17.md index 1b88637fe2..0a71129af7 100644 --- a/num/02/17.md +++ b/num/02/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## They must go out ## +# the tent of meeting must go out ... in the middle of all the camps -Here the word "They" refers to the twelve tribes. \ No newline at end of file +This means that the tent of meeting must be carried by the Levites in the middle of the tribes as they travel. + +# They must go out + +"They" refers to the twelve tribes. + +# by his banner + +Each man does not have his own personal banner; rather, this refers to the banner belonging to his tribe. AT: "by his tribe's banner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/18.md b/num/02/18.md index a8f5a60ea2..ba2cc8a98c 100644 --- a/num/02/18.md +++ b/num/02/18.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# under their standard + +The "standards" were four larger groups that the tribes were divided into. Each standard was commanded to camp together. The standards were represented by a banner. See how you translated "standards" in [Numbers 2:2](./01.md). + +# 40,500 + +"Forty thousand five hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "40,500 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/20.md b/num/02/20.md index a8f5a60ea2..9cebe3155d 100644 --- a/num/02/20.md +++ b/num/02/20.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Next to them + +This means that the tribe of Manasseh will set out next, after the tribe of Ephraim. + +# 32,200 + +"Thirty-two thousand two hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "32,200 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/22.md b/num/02/22.md index a8f5a60ea2..a54e95d3d4 100644 --- a/num/02/22.md +++ b/num/02/22.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Abidan son of Gideoni + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:11](../01/10.md). + +# 35,400 + +"Thirty-five thousand four hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "35,400 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/24.md b/num/02/24.md index a8f5a60ea2..57c80cdbdf 100644 --- a/num/02/24.md +++ b/num/02/24.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# All those numbered ... 108,100 + +"All those numbered ... one hundred and eight thousand one hundred." This number includes all of the men in the tribes that camped under the standard of Ephraim. AT: "The number of the men camped under the standard of Ephraim is 108,100" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# third + +"3rd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/25.md b/num/02/25.md index a8f5a60ea2..32300d33ca 100644 --- a/num/02/25.md +++ b/num/02/25.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the divisions of the camp of Dan + +The this refers to the divisions of Dan, Asher, and Naphthali that are under the standard of Dan. AT: "the divisions that camp under the standard of Dan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:12](../01/12.md). + +# 62,700 + +"Sixty-two thousand seven hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "62,700 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/27.md b/num/02/27.md index a8f5a60ea2..da8e851c6a 100644 --- a/num/02/27.md +++ b/num/02/27.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Pagiel son of Okran + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# 41,500 + +"forty-one thousand five hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "41,500 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/29.md b/num/02/29.md index a8f5a60ea2..2e51b5af69 100644 --- a/num/02/29.md +++ b/num/02/29.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Ahira son of Enan + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:15](../01/12.md). + +# 53,400 + +"fifty-three thousand four hundred." This refers to the number of men. AT: "53,400 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/31.md b/num/02/31.md index a8f5a60ea2..055044f3ba 100644 --- a/num/02/31.md +++ b/num/02/31.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Yahweh continues telling Moses where each tribe and its army will camp around the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# All those numbered ... 157,600 + +"All those numbered ... one hundred and fifty-seven thousand six hundred." This number includes all of the men in the tribes that camped under the standard of Dan. AT: "The number of the men camped under the standard of Dan is 157,600" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/32.md b/num/02/32.md index 72bb9d7ef4..3fafcbc8ae 100644 --- a/num/02/32.md +++ b/num/02/32.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## by their ancestor’s clans ## +# All those counted -Here the word "their" refers to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses and Aaron counted them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by their divisions + +Here "their" refers to the people of Israel. + +# are 603,550 + +"are six hundred and three thousand five hundred and fifty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/34.md b/num/02/34.md index a8f5a60ea2..49075b4da7 100644 --- a/num/02/34.md +++ b/num/02/34.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# They went out from the camp + +This refers to when they would travel to another place. AT: "When they traveled, they went out from the camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/02/intro.md b/num/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d008eee5e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Camping ##### + +Moses told each tribe where to camp. They were each given a specific area in which to stay. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/01.md b/num/03/01.md index a8f5a60ea2..1cb2bd27bc 100644 --- a/num/03/01.md +++ b/num/03/01.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Now + +Here the author uses the word "now" to shift to telling a new historical account. + +# Nadab the firstborn + +"Nadab, who was the firstborn" + +# Nadab ... Abihu ... Ithamar + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/03.md b/num/03/03.md index e615a33e25..8886268fe1 100644 --- a/num/03/03.md +++ b/num/03/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the priests who were anointed and who were ordained ## +# the priests who were anointed and who were ordained -AT: "the priests whom Moses anointed and ordained" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form AT: "the priests whom Moses anointed and ordained" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## fell dead before Yahweh ## +# Nadab ... Abihu ... Ithamar -AT: "died suddenly in the presence of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 3:2](./01.md). -## they offered to him unacceptable fire ## +# fell dead before Yahweh -AT: "they burned an incense offering to Yahweh in an improper way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "fell dead" means to suddenly die. AT: "suddenly died before Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# before Yahweh + +This refers to Yahweh's presence, meaning that Yahweh saw everything that happened. AT: "in Yahweh's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they offered to him unacceptable fire + +Here the word "fire" is used to refer to "burning incense." AT: "they burned an incense offering in a way that Yahweh did not approve of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/05.md b/num/03/05.md index 5ec6bea13d..0b4aa18016 100644 --- a/num/03/05.md +++ b/num/03/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Bring the tribe of Levi ## +# Bring the tribe of Levi -AT: "Bring the men of the tribe of Levi" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "tribe" refers to the men in the tribe. AT: "Bring the men of the tribe of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/07.md b/num/03/07.md index 897b88670a..fe308d82b2 100644 --- a/num/03/07.md +++ b/num/03/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## help the tribes of Israel ## +# on behalf of -AT: "help the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"for." This means to do something for someone else, as a representative for them. -## to carry out the tabernacle service ## +# help the tribes of Israel -"to perform the tabernacle service" \ No newline at end of file +Here the "tribes of Israel" refer to the people of Israel. AT: "help the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they must help the tribes of Israel to carry out the tabernacle service + +The phrase "carry out" means to "serve." AT: "they must help the tribes of Israel by serving in the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# tabernacle service + +"work of the tabernacle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/09.md b/num/03/09.md index 2eda129533..b60ef957a2 100644 --- a/num/03/09.md +++ b/num/03/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## You must give ## +# You must give -Here the word "You" refers to Moses. +"You" refers to Moses. -## They are wholly given ## +# They are wholly given -AT: "I have given them entirely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have given them entirely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## but any foreigner who comes near ## +# any foreigner who comes near must be put to death -AT: "but any foreigner who comes near the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must kill any foreigner who comes near" or "any foreigner who comes near must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## must be put to death ## +# but any foreigner who comes near -AT: "you must kill" or "must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "but any foreigner who comes near the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/11.md b/num/03/11.md index 2d66b7bb24..ed2f9b6657 100644 --- a/num/03/11.md +++ b/num/03/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Look ## +# Look -AT: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” \ No newline at end of file +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# I have taken the Levites + +"I have chosen the Levites" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/14.md b/num/03/14.md index 5873d74c31..7d744b1205 100644 --- a/num/03/14.md +++ b/num/03/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## following the directions given to them by Yahweh’s word, as Yahweh commanded ## +# Count the descendants -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh was commanding Moses to only count the male descendants. AT: "Count the male descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## given to them by Yahweh’s word ## +# in their ancestor's houses -AT: "that Yahweh had given to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here their "ancestor's houses" means their "ancestor's households." This is a metonym for their "clans." AT: "by their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# following the word of Yahweh, just as he was commanded to do + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize that he obeyed Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/17.md b/num/03/17.md index a8f5a60ea2..41a293b6d6 100644 --- a/num/03/17.md +++ b/num/03/17.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +This is a list of the descendants of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The clans coming from + +Here the author speaks of "descending" as if it were "coming." AT: "The clans descending from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/21.md b/num/03/21.md index a7417b5157..b88ebf7a9c 100644 --- a/num/03/21.md +++ b/num/03/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## All the males from a month old and older were counted ## +# come from Gershon -AT: "Moses counted all the males from a month old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here the author speaks of "descending" as if it were "coming." AT: "descend from Gershon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## totaling 7,500 ## +# Libnites ... Shimeites ... Gershonites -AT: "totaling seven thousand, five hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Libnites" and "Shimeites" are the name of clans, named after the head of their family. The "Gershonites" is the name of people who descended from Gershon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# All the males from a month old and older were counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses counted all the males from a month old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 7,500 + +"seventy-five hundred" or "seven thousand five hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/24.md b/num/03/24.md index a8f5a60ea2..259aa2833b 100644 --- a/num/03/24.md +++ b/num/03/24.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Eliasaph ... Lael + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the courtyard hangings + +"the curtains in the courtyard" + +# the courtyard that surrounds the sanctuary and the altar + +"that is, the courtyard that surrounds the sanctuary and the altar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/27.md b/num/03/27.md index 37eed70587..e2cfbaa487 100644 --- a/num/03/27.md +++ b/num/03/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## 8,600 males have been counted ## +# General Information: -AT: "Moses counted 8,600 males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is a list of clans that descended from Kohath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## 8,600 males ## +# Kohath -AT: "Eight thousand, six hundred males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 3:17](./17.md). + +# 8,600 males have been counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses counted 8,600 males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 8,600 males + +"eight thousand six hundred males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# aged one month old and older + +"from a month old and older" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/30.md b/num/03/30.md index a8f5a60ea2..a41df66e9c 100644 --- a/num/03/30.md +++ b/num/03/30.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +These verses give us information about the clans that descended from Kohath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the holy things that are used in their service + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the holy things which the priests use for service" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/33.md b/num/03/33.md index 1fa4e97679..84004092ce 100644 --- a/num/03/33.md +++ b/num/03/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## 6,200 males have been counted ## +# General Information: -AT: "Moses counted 6,200 males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is a list of clans that descended from Merari. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## 6,200 males ## +# 6,200 males have been counted -AT: "Six thousand, two hundred males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses counted 6,200 males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 6,200 males + +"six thousand two hundred males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/36.md b/num/03/36.md index e095d2bb7d..a577443926 100644 --- a/num/03/36.md +++ b/num/03/36.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## with their sockets ## +# the framing -Here the word "their" refers to the "pillars and posts." \ No newline at end of file +This to the panels that they made by joining together smaller pieces of wood. + +# crossbars + +These are support beams that give stability to the structure. + +# posts + +A post is a strong piece of wood set upright and used as a support. + +# bases + +The bases held the posts in place. + +# hardware + +This means everything used to join the crossbars, posts, and bases together. + +# with their sockets + +Here "their" refers to the "pillars and posts." + +# sockets, pegs, and ropes + +These are all items used secure the pillars and posts into place. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/38.md b/num/03/38.md index 7c7f96c340..f3221ac7fa 100644 --- a/num/03/38.md +++ b/num/03/38.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## his sons ## +# his sons -Here the word "his" refers to Aaron. +Here "his" refers to Aaron -## for the fulfillment of the duties ## +# toward the sunrise -AT: "to perform the duties" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +This is the east side of the tabernacle. AT: "on the east side, where the sun rises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## must be put to death ## +# for the fulfillment of the duties -AT: "you must kill" or "must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "fulfilment" is an abstract noun that can be expressed as a verb. AT: "to perform the duties" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## twenty-two thousand men ## +# Any foreigner who approaches the sanctuary must be put to death -two thousand men** - AT: "22,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must kill any foreigner who approaches the sanctuary" or "Any foreigner who approaches the sanctuary must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# twenty-two thousand men + +"22,000 men" or "22,000 males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/40.md b/num/03/40.md index a8f5a60ea2..0e0ebe3757 100644 --- a/num/03/40.md +++ b/num/03/40.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the livestock of the Levites + +This refers to all the Levites' livestock. AT: "you must take all the Levites' livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/42.md b/num/03/42.md index 2f38f7a510..6b77b46676 100644 --- a/num/03/42.md +++ b/num/03/42.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## 22,273 men ## +# all the firstborn people -AT: "twenty-two thousand, two hundred seventy-three men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"all the firstborn sons" + +# 22,273 men + +"twenty-two thousand two hundred and seventy-three men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/44.md b/num/03/44.md deleted file mode 100644 index a8f5a60ea2..0000000000 --- a/num/03/44.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/46.md b/num/03/46.md index 043a4ac1ce..f8917dc0bb 100644 --- a/num/03/46.md +++ b/num/03/46.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## five shekels ## +# for the redemption of -A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: “about 55 grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +The noun "redemption" can be translated with the verb "redeem." AT: "to redeem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the 273 firstborn ## +# 273 firstborn -AT: "the two hundred and seventy-three firstborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"two hundred and seventy-three firstborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## twenty gerahs ## +# firstborn people of Israel -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) \ No newline at end of file +"firstborn sons of Israel" + +# five shekels + +A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 55 grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# who exceed the number of the Levites + +This means that there are 273 more firstborn males among the other tribes of the Israelites than there are total number of Levite males. + +# You must use the shekel of the sanctuary as your standard weight + +This means that the shekel must weight the same as those in the sanctuary. AT: "You must use the weight of the shekels in the sanctuary as your stand weight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# twenty gerahs + +"20 gerahs." A gerah is a unit of weight equal to about .57 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# the price of redemption that you paid + +Here the word "price" refers to the shekels that Moses collected. AT: "the money that you collected for their redemption" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/49.md b/num/03/49.md index 8940871032..42a3264572 100644 --- a/num/03/49.md +++ b/num/03/49.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## 1,365 shekels ## +# of redemption from -AT: "about 15 kilograms of silver" (See [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +The noun "redemption" can be translated with the verb "redeem." AT: "to redeem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## and to his sons ## +# 1,365 shekels -Here the word "his" refers to Aaron +"one thousand three hundred and sixty-five shekels." A shekel is 11 grams. AT: "about 15 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -## he was told to do by Yahweh’s word, as Yahweh had commanded him ## +# the redemption money + +This refers to the money that Moses collected. + +# to his sons + +Here "his" refers to Aaron + +# he was told to do by Yahweh's word, as Yahweh had commanded him These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## he was told to do by Yahweh’s word ## +# he was told to do by Yahweh's word -AT: "that Yahweh had told him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Yahweh's word" refers to Yahweh who spoke to Moses. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Yahweh had told him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/03/intro.md b/num/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2845519dce --- /dev/null +++ b/num/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### The tribe of Levi ##### + +The Levites were given a special function in Israel. They belonged to or were specially dedicated to serve Yahweh. They were to be priests and because of this were held to a higher standard than the rest of Israel. Only one of Aaron's sons survived because the others offered improper sacrifices. This tribe had a lot of responsibility during this time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/01.md b/num/04/01.md index 3b68277bbe..466057dedb 100644 --- a/num/04/01.md +++ b/num/04/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## thirty to fifty years old ## +# Kohath -AT: "30 to 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md). -## join the company ## +# thirty to fifty years old + +"30 to 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# join the company The word "company" refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting. -## reserved for me ## +# reserved for me -AT: "that I have set apart for myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that I have specially selected for myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/05.md b/num/04/05.md index aff8d79f62..01e9d6a63b 100644 --- a/num/04/05.md +++ b/num/04/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## When the camp prepares to move forward ## +# When the camp prepares -AT: "When the people prepare to move forward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "camp" refers to all of the people in the camp. AT: "When the people prepare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## insert the poles ## +# to move forward -AT: "insert the poles into the rings on the ark's sides" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the people moving to another location. AT: "to move to another location" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# cover the ark of the testimony with it + +The word "it" refers to the curtain that separated the most holy place from the holy place. + +# insert the poles + +The poles were inserted into rings on the sides of the ark so that the poles could be used to carry the ark. This can be stated clearly. AT: "insert the poles into the rings on the ark's sides" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/07.md b/num/04/07.md index d6c115d3d0..94ae71f1e7 100644 --- a/num/04/07.md +++ b/num/04/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## On it they must put ## +# the bread of the presence -Here the word "it" refers to the "blue cloth." +This bread represents the presence of Yahweh. AT: "the bread of Yahweh's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## bowls, and jars for pouring ## +# On it they must put -AT: "bowls and jars used to pour out drink offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "it" refers to the blue cloth. -## They must cover them ## +# bowls, and jars for pouring -Here the word "them" refers to "the dishes, spoons, bowls, and jars." +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "bowls and jars used to pour out drink offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## scarlet cloth ## +# They must cover them -"red cloth" \ No newline at end of file +Here them refers to "the dishes, spoons, bowls, and jars." + +# Bread must always continue to be + +There must always be bread" + +# scarlet cloth + +"red cloth" + +# insert poles + +The poles were inserted into rings on the corners of the table so that the poles could be used to carry the table. This can be stated clearly. AT: "insert poles into the rings at the corners of the table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/09.md b/num/04/09.md index 301cbfdc65..9c577eb3d2 100644 --- a/num/04/09.md +++ b/num/04/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## They must put...into a covering of sea cow skins ## +# They must put ... into a covering of sea cow skins -"They must cover...with sea cow skins" \ No newline at end of file +"They must cover ... with sea cow skins" + +# they must put it on a carrying frame + +"they must place all of these things on a frame for carrying them" + +# insert the carrying poles + +The poles were inserted into rings on the sides of the altar so theys could be used to carry it. This can be stated clearly. AT: "insert the carrying poles into the rings one the sides of the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/12.md b/num/04/12.md index 8b469ac0c6..6799b0f8c6 100644 --- a/num/04/12.md +++ b/num/04/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## for the work in the sanctuary ## +# the carrying frame -AT: "used when serving Yahweh in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +a wooden rectangle made with poles used to carry things + +# for the work in the holy place + +The word "work" is an abstract noun that can be expressed with the verb "serving." AT: "used when serving Yahweh in the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in the work of the altar + +The word "work" is an abstract noun that can be expressed with the verb "serving." AT: "when serving at the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# insert the carrying poles + +The poles were inserted into rings on the sides of the altar so they could be used to carry it. This can be stated clearly. AT: "insert the carrying poles into the rings on the sides of the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/15.md b/num/04/15.md index b229705b0f..cc6eaea435 100644 --- a/num/04/15.md +++ b/num/04/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## when the camp moves forward ## +# to carry the holy place -AT: "when the people move forward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the holy place refers to all the items that make up the holy place that Aaron and his sons covered in cloth and skins. AT: "to carry all of the items of the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the holy instruments ## +# when the camp moves forward + +Here the word "camp" refers to all of the people in the camp. AT: "when the people move forward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Kohath + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md). + +# the holy instruments "the holy equipment" -## the oil for the light ## +# the oil for the light -AT: "the oil for the lamp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "light" is used to refer to the "lamps." AT: "the oil for the lamps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the care of + +Here the abstract noun "care" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "those who care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/17.md b/num/04/17.md index d0793348c0..dcaef39740 100644 --- a/num/04/17.md +++ b/num/04/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## to be removed from among the Levites ## +# Kohathites -This phrase refers to the death of the Kohathites. AT: "to perish from among the Levites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This refers to the descendants of Kohath. See how you translated this in [Numbers 3:27](../03/27.md). -## by doing this ## +# to be removed from among the Levites -This phrase refers to what is said next. (i.e. "they must not go in to see...") +This phrase refers to the death of the Kohathites. This can be stated in active form. AT: "to do anything that will cause me to completely remove them from among the Levites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to his work, to his special tasks ## +# by doing this + +This phrase refers to what Yahweh says next. Moses will protect the Kohathites by not allowing them to go in and see the holy place. + +# to his work, to his special tasks These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/21.md b/num/04/21.md index eabfa0251f..fde9617acf 100644 --- a/num/04/21.md +++ b/num/04/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## thirty years old to fifty years old ## +# of the descendants of Gershon -AT: “30 years old to 50 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This refers only to men. AT: "of the male descendants of Gershon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## join the company to serve in the tent of meeting ## +# Gershon -See how you translated this in [Numbers 4:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md). + +# thirty years old to fifty years old + +"30 years old to 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# join the company to serve in the tent of meeting + +The word "company" refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 4:3](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/24.md b/num/04/24.md index 141d345314..0e3090a676 100644 --- a/num/04/24.md +++ b/num/04/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Whatever should be done with these things ## +# This is the work of the clans ... when they serve and what they carry -AT: "Whatever work that these things require" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This sentence is a description that tells us what the following verses are about. This sentence may end in a colon instead of a period, as in the UDB. + +# Gershonites + +This refers to the descendants of Gershon. See how you translated this in [Numbers 3:21](../03/21.md). + +# the covering of sea cow skin that is on it + +This is an outer covering that is placed on top of the tent of meeting's covering. AT: "the covering of sea cow skin that is placed on top of that" or "the outer covering made of sea cow skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Whatever should be done with these things + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Whatever work that these things require" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/27.md b/num/04/27.md index 66ad9f7904..714cba4deb 100644 --- a/num/04/27.md +++ b/num/04/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## This is the service of the clans of the descendants of the Gershonites for the tent of meeting ## +# direct -Here the word "This" refers to what Yahweh just said. AT: "This is how the clans of the descendants of the Gershonites will serve in the tent of meeting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +"supervise" + +# This is the service of the clans of the descendants of the Gershonites for the tent of meeting + +Here the word "service" is an abstract noun that can be expressed by a verb. Here the word "This" refers to what Yahweh just said. AT: "This is how the clans of the descendants of the Gershonites will serve in the tent of meeting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Ithamar + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:2](../03/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/29.md b/num/04/29.md index 98106cafc4..da8e1a6c2e 100644 --- a/num/04/29.md +++ b/num/04/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## thirty years old...fifty years old ## +# the descendants of Merari -AT: "30 years old...50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This refers only to men. AT: "the male descendants of Merari" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## join the company to serve in the tent of meeting ## +# Merari -See how you translated this in [Numbers 4:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md). + +# order them + +"list them" + +# thirty years old ... fifty years old + +"30 years old ... 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# join the company and serve in the tent of meeting + +The word "company" refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 4:3](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/31.md b/num/04/31.md index 75c1a933a3..66d34436a4 100644 --- a/num/04/31.md +++ b/num/04/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## This is their responsibility ## +# This is their responsibility -Here the word "This" refers to what Yahweh says next. +"This" refers to what Yahweh says next. -## their sockets, pegs, and their ropes, with all their hardware ## +# their sockets, pegs, and their ropes, with all their hardware -Here the word "their" refers to "the posts of the court." \ No newline at end of file +Here "their" refers to the posts of the court. + +# crossbars, posts, and sockets ... and their ropes + +These are all parts of the framing of the tabernacle. See how you translated all of these parts in [Numbers 4:31-32](./31.md). + +# List by name the articles they must carry + +"List by each man's name the articles he must carry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/33.md b/num/04/33.md index 646b4f7118..036cc4b82a 100644 --- a/num/04/33.md +++ b/num/04/33.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## under the direction of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest ## +# under the direction of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest -AT: "as Ithamar son of Aaron the priest directs them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "direction" is an abstract noun that is expressed by a verb. AT: "as Ithamar son of Aaron the priest directs them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Ithamar + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:2](../03/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/34.md b/num/04/34.md index 2ed4832401..9a6185d337 100644 --- a/num/04/34.md +++ b/num/04/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## thirty years old...fifty years old ## +# the descendants of the Kohathites -AT: "30 years old...50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +The refers to men. AT: "the male descendants of the Kohathites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## join the company to serve in the tent of meeting ## +# Kohathites -See how you translated this in [Numbers 4:1](./01.md). +This refers to the descendants of Kohath. See how you translated this in [Numbers 3:27](../03/27.md). -## 2750 men ## +# thirty years old ... fifty years old -AT: "two thousand, seven hundred and fifty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"30 years old ... 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# everyone who would join the company + +Here the word "would" does not mean that the men "chose" to join the company but rather that they were "assigned" to the company. AT: "everyone who was assigned to join the company" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# join the company to serve in the tent of meeting + +The word "company" refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 4:3](./01.md). + +# 2,750 men + +"two thousand seven hundred and fifty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/37.md b/num/04/37.md deleted file mode 100644 index a8f5a60ea2..0000000000 --- a/num/04/37.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/38.md b/num/04/38.md index 4bb8017f51..e74f501176 100644 --- a/num/04/38.md +++ b/num/04/38.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## The descendants of Gershon were counted ## +# The descendants of Gershon -AT: "Moses and Aaron counted the descendants of Gershon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This refers to the men. AT: "The male descendants of Gershon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## from thirty to fifty years old ## +# The descendants of Gershon were counted -AT: "from 30 to 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses and Aaron counted the descendants of Gershon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## join the company to serve in the tent of meeting ## +# from thirty to fifty years old -See how you translated this in [Numbers 4:1](./01.md). +"from 30 to 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## counted by their clans ## +# everyone who would join the company -AT: "whom Moses and Aaron counted by their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "would" does not mean that the men "chose" to join the company but rather that they were "assigned" to the company. AT: "everyone who was assigned to join the company" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# join the company to serve in the tent of meeting + +The word "company" refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 4:3](./01.md). + +# counted by their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Moses and Aaron counted by their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 2,630 + +"two thousand six hundred and thirty." This refers to 2,630 men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/41.md b/num/04/41.md index a8f5a60ea2..2a9a6032a0 100644 --- a/num/04/41.md +++ b/num/04/41.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# they obeyed + +The word "they" refers to Moses and Aaron. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/42.md b/num/04/42.md index b946faf073..f63173a649 100644 --- a/num/04/42.md +++ b/num/04/42.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## The descendants of Merari were counted ## +# The descendants of Merari were counted -AT: “Moses and Aaron counted the descendants of Merari” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses and Aaron counted the descendants of Merari" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## from thirty to fifty years old ## +# from thirty to fifty years old -AT: “from 30 to 50 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"from 30 to 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## join the company to serve in the tent of meeting ## +# everyone who would join the company -See how you translated this in [Numbers 4:1](./01.md). +Here the word "would" does not mean that the men "chose" to join the company but rather that they were "assigned" to the company. AT: "everyone who was assigned to join the company" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## counted by their clans ## +# join the company to serve in the tent of meeting -AT: “whom Moses and Aaron counted by their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "company" refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 4:3](./01.md). + +# counted by their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Moses and Aaron counted by their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# numbered 3,200 + +"numbered three thousand two hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/45.md b/num/04/45.md index a8f5a60ea2..2a9a6032a0 100644 --- a/num/04/45.md +++ b/num/04/45.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# they obeyed + +The word "they" refers to Moses and Aaron. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/46.md b/num/04/46.md index e20dad7715..c10ed44c4f 100644 --- a/num/04/46.md +++ b/num/04/46.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## from thirty to fifty ## +# from thirty to fifty -AT: "from 30 to 50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to men. AT: "men from thirty to fifty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from thirty to fifty + +"from 30 to 50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 8,580 men + +"eight thousand five hundred and eighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/49.md b/num/04/49.md index e80766696c..078d2ea63a 100644 --- a/num/04/49.md +++ b/num/04/49.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## At Yahweh’s command ## +# At Yahweh's command "As Yahweh commanded" -## he was assigned ## +# keeping count of each by the type ... He counted each man by the kind of responsibility he would bear -Here the word "he" refers to each man whom Moses counted. +These two phrase have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize how Moses counted all the men. -## they obeyed what Yahweh had commanded them ## +# by the type of work he was assigned to do -Here the words "they" and "them" refer to Moses and Aaron. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "by his type of work assignment" or "by the type of work he had assigned each man to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he would bear + +"he would have" + +# they obeyed what Yahweh had commanded them + +Here "they" and "them" refer to Moses and Aaron. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/04/intro.md b/num/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0f23a55678 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Counting the Levites by clans ##### + +Moses gave special instructions for each of the families of the tribes of Levi. Each family was given a special role in the ministry of the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/01.md b/num/05/01.md index 63cdc1bc32..8f105e2f84 100644 --- a/num/05/01.md +++ b/num/05/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## infectious skin disease ## +# infectious skin disease -This refers to leprosy which is a sickness that affects the skin and easily spreads to other people. +This refers to leprosy, which is a sickness that affects the skin and easily spreads to other people. -## oozing sore ## +# oozing sore -This can refer to an open cut that is leaking bodily fluids. +This refers to an open cut that is leaking fluids. -## you must send ## +# whoever is unclean through touching a dead body -Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +If a person touched a dead body they were considered unclean. A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you must send + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# The people of Israel did so + +This means that they sent the unclean people away. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "The people of Israel sent those who were unclean out of the camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/05.md b/num/05/05.md index e76627233d..26ff1d56b0 100644 --- a/num/05/05.md +++ b/num/05/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## any sin such as people do to one another ## +# any sin such as people do to one another -"any sin that people usually commit against one another" \ No newline at end of file +"any sin that people usually commit against one another" + +# is unfaithful to me + +If someone sins against another person, it means that they have also sinned against Yahweh and Yahweh considers that person as unfaithful to him. AT: "they have also wronged me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the price of his guilt + +Here the person's "sin" is referred to as his "guilt." AT: "what is considered a suitable amount of money for the wrong that he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# add to the price one-fifth more + +This means the person must pay an extra one-fifth of the price that he owes. + +# one-fifth + +This is one part out of five equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/08.md b/num/05/08.md index ba0516d167..37422504d8 100644 --- a/num/05/08.md +++ b/num/05/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## if the wronged person ## +# But if the wronged person has no close relative to receive the payment -AT: "if the person whom the guilty person has wronged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Usually the wronged person would receive the payment but if that person has died the payment goes to the closest relative. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "But if the wronged person has died and has no close relative to receive the payment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he must pay the price for his guilt...to atone for himself ## +# if the wronged person -Here the words "he," "his," and "himself" refer to the guilty person. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if the person whom the guilty person has wronged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Every offering presented ## +# he must pay the price for his guilt to me through a priest -AT: "Every offering that people present" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +If a person made a payment to a priest to pay for his guilt it was the same as if the person had made the payment to Yahweh. -## the things set aside for me by the people of Israel ## +# to atone for himself -AT: "the things that the people of Israel set aside for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The atonement is made for the man's sin. Here Yahweh refers to the man's sin as the man who committed it. AT: "to atone for his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Every man’s holy things will belong to the priest. Whatever a man gives to the priest will belong to that priest ## +# the things that are set aside and brought to the priest by the people of Israel -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the things that the people of Israel set aside and bring to the priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The offerings of every person will be for the priest; if anyone gives anything to the priest, it will belong to him + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and may be combined to state that the offerings that someone gives belong to the priest to whom they have been given. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/11.md b/num/05/11.md index 73128138e7..c77bc0195d 100644 --- a/num/05/11.md +++ b/num/05/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Suppose that a man’s wife turns away and sins against her husband ## +# Suppose that a man's wife turns away and sins against her husband -This is something that could possibly happen. Yahweh is telling Moses what to do if it does happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is something that could possibly happen. Yahweh is telling Moses what to do if it does happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# a man's wife turns away + +This means that she goes away from him and is unfaithful to him. AT: "a man's wife is unfaithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# sins against her husband + +This means that she is unfaithful to her husband and and sins against him by sleeping with another man. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "sins against her husband by sleeping with another man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/13.md b/num/05/13.md index 9c3145a9ea..d7aa22e86e 100644 --- a/num/05/13.md +++ b/num/05/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## a spirit of jealousy might still inform the husband ## +# Then suppose that another man sleeps with her -Here the word “spirit” refers to a person's attitude and emotions. AT: "the husband might feel jealous and become suspicious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"and another man sleeps with her." This sentence can be written as part of the previous sentence. This explains how she sinned against her husband. This is something that could possibly happen. Yahweh is telling Moses what to do if it does happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## a spirit of jealousy might falsely come on a man ## +# she is defiled ... his wife is defiled ... his wife is not defiled -AT: "a man might feel jealous for no reason" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +These phrases can be stated in active form. AT: "she has defiled herself ... his wife has defiled herself ... his wife has not defiled herself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the act + +This refers to the act of adultery. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "in the act of adultery" or "sleeping with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a spirit of jealousy might still inform the husband + +Here the word "spirit" refers to a person's attitude and emotions. His "jealously" is spoken of as if it were a person who spoke to him. AT: "the husband might feel jealous and become suspicious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a spirit of jealousy might falsely come on a man + +Here the word "spirit" refers to a person's attitude and emotions. The idea of the spirit "coming on him" means that he began to have these jealous feelings. AT: "a man might feel jealous for no reason" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/15.md b/num/05/15.md index 6d07a04fae..d9a0a8f75c 100644 --- a/num/05/15.md +++ b/num/05/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## a tenth of an ephah of barley flour ## +# a tenth -An "ephah" is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. AT: "about 2.2 liters of barley flour" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is one part out of ten equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# a tenth of an ephah + +This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "a tenth of an ephah (which is about 2 liters)" or "2 liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a grain offering of jealousy + +"a grain offering for jealousy" + +# indicator of sin + +An "indicator" is something that shows evidence of something. In this case, he made the offering to determine whether his wife had committed adultery or not. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/16.md b/num/05/16.md index a8f5a60ea2..66634d6116 100644 --- a/num/05/16.md +++ b/num/05/16.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# near and place her before Yahweh + +"in the presence of Yahweh." The priest would bring her near the altar. AT: "near the altar and place her in the presence of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/18.md b/num/05/18.md index e7e02b3753..9cbd84543d 100644 --- a/num/05/18.md +++ b/num/05/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## grain offering of jealousy ## +# before Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Numbers 5:15](./15.md). +"in the presence of Yahweh" -## if you have gone astray and committed impurity ## +# grain offering of suspicion -AT: "if you have been unfaithful to your husband and committed sexual sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 5:15](./15.md). -## you will certainly be free from this bitter water ## +# if you have not gone astray -AT: "this bitter water will not affect you" \ No newline at end of file +The words "gone astray" is an idiom that means "to be unfaithful." AT: "if you have not been unfaithful to your husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# and committed impurity + +"by committing impurity." This phrase refers to "committing adultery." + +# you will be free from this bitter water + +The phrase to "be free" from something means to not be harmed by it. AT: "this bitter water will not harm you, though it is able to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this bitter water that can bring a curse + +Here the bitter water is described as being able to bring a curse. This means that when the woman drinks the water it cause her to be unable to bear children, if she is guilty. AT: "this bitter water can be a curse to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/20.md b/num/05/20.md index eae72b9ec5..2b38b5a475 100644 --- a/num/05/20.md +++ b/num/05/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## under her husband ## +# under her husband -AT: "under her husband's authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase means that she is under her husband's authority. AT: "under her husband's authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## if some other man has slept with you... ## +# have gone astray -Here the speaker stops talking suddenly for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The words "gone astray" is an idiom that means "to be unfaithful." AT: "have been unfaithful to your husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Yahweh will make you into a curse that will be shown to your people to be such ## +# you are defiled -Possible meanings are 1) that people would curse her, or 2) that people would use the her name to curse others. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you have defiled yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that will be shown to your people to be such ## +# that can bring down a curse on her -AT: "that he will show to your relatives as a curse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The phrase "bring down a curse" is an idiom meaning for a curse to come upon her. AT: "that can cause a curse to come upon her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## your thigh to waste away and your abdomen to swell ## +# Yahweh will make you into a curse ... your people to be such -Possible meanings are 1) that the woman will become unable to bear children, or 2) that the woman will have a miscarriage. +Here the author speaks about the woman bearing the curse that Yahweh gives her, which causes other people to curse her. This is spoken of as if the woman herself becomes a curse. AT: "Because Yahweh curses you, other people will curse you as well, and Yahweh will show people that you are truly cursed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your thigh to waste away ## +# that will be shown to your people to be such -Here the word "thigh" may refer to the woman's sexual organs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that he will show to your people as a curse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your thigh to waste away and your abdomen to swell + +Possible meanings are 1) that the woman will become unable to have children or 2) that the woman's pregnancy will end too early and the baby will die. + +# your thigh to waste away + +Here the word "thigh" is a polite way of referring to the woman's womb or her private parts. AT: "your womb to be useless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/23.md b/num/05/23.md index 422305372e..5420ca3e8e 100644 --- a/num/05/23.md +++ b/num/05/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the written curses ## +# he must wash away the written curses -AT: "the curses that he has written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that he is to wash the ink off of the scroll. + +# the written curses + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the curses he has written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/24.md b/num/05/24.md index 08860f7cf6..96c3085fdb 100644 --- a/num/05/24.md +++ b/num/05/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the grain offering of jealousy ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Numbers 5:15](./15.md). +In these verses the order of events is somewhat confusing, it is written this way to emphasize how the water brings the curse. It seems that the woman drinks the water, the priest burns the offering, and then the woman drinks the water again. She only drinks the water once, as is make clear in the UDB translation. -## a handful of the grain offering, a portion of it ## +# The priest must make the woman drink ... the curse will enter her and become bitter -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +It may be helpful to reorder the information in these verses by placing verse 24, that give information about the woman drinking the water, after verse 26. The UDB translates these verses in a similar way. + +# a representative offering + +The handful of the grain offering represents the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. + +# grain offering of jealousy + +"a grain offering for jealousy." See how you translated this in [Numbers 5:15](./15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/27.md b/num/05/27.md index 0fc0153981..f4a0de1ddd 100644 --- a/num/05/27.md +++ b/num/05/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## The woman will be cursed among her people ## +# if she is defiled because she has committed -AT: "The woman's relatives will curse her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be written in active form. AT: "if she has defined herself by committing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## conceive children ## +# committed a sin + +Here the "sin" refers specifically to committing adultery. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "committed adultery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Her abdomen will swell and her thigh will waste away + +Possible meanings are 1) that the woman will become unable to have children or 2) that the woman's pregnancy will end too early and the baby will die. Here the word "thigh" is a polite way of referring to the woman's womb or her private parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]). See how you translated these concepts in [Numbers 5:21](./20.md). + +# The woman will be cursed among her people + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Her people will curse her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# is not defiled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "has not defiled herself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# if she is clean + +Here "being innocent" is spoken of as "being clean." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# then she must be free + +Possible meanings are 1) "then she will not be cursed" or 2) "then she is free from guilt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# conceive children "become pregnant" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/29.md b/num/05/29.md index ebe494c323..63439c20ef 100644 --- a/num/05/29.md +++ b/num/05/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## the law of jealousy ## +# the law of jealousy "the law for dealing with jealousy" -## who strays away from her husband ## +# who strays away from her husband -AT: "who is unfaithful to her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The words "strays away" is an idiom that means "to be unfaithful." AT: "who is unfaithful to her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## a spirit of jealousy ## +# is defiled -See how you translated this in [Numbers 5:13](./13.md). \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "defiles herself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a spirit of jealousy + +This phrase refers to the man's attitude and emotions of jealousy. See how you translated this in [Numbers 5:14](./13.md). AT: "who is jealous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when he is jealous of his wife + +This is an idiom that means that he suspects that his wife has been unfaithful to him by sleeping with another man. AT: "and suspects that his wife has been unfaithful to him" or "and suspects that his wife has slept with another man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# before Yahweh + +"in the presence of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/31.md b/num/05/31.md index a8f5a60ea2..33dace9536 100644 --- a/num/05/31.md +++ b/num/05/31.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# will be free from guilt for bringing his wife to the priest + +"will not be guilty of doing something wrong by bringing his wife to the priest" + +# must bear + +"must endure" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/05/intro.md b/num/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e37d86754c --- /dev/null +++ b/num/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Numbers 05 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +== Israel's camp== + +Israel's entire camp was to be a "clean" place. This meant that people who could not be made acceptable to God were not allowed inside the camp. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unclean]]) + +##### Vengeance ##### +There are several laws in this chapter regarding restitution. These laws were meant to limit the ways in which people who had been wronged could seek to be compensated. These laws were intended to make it difficult for such people to avenge a wrong when they were angry. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/01.md b/num/06/01.md index bc5a543cf0..e9985aa565 100644 --- a/num/06/01.md +++ b/num/06/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## separates himself ## +# separates himself ... he is separate -AT: "dedicates himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"To separate yourself to someone" means to "dedicate yourself" to that person. AT: "dedicates himself ... he dedicates himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## vinegar made from wine ## +# he must keep himself from -AT: "vinegar that people make from wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This idiom means that he must not eat or drink them. AT: "he must not consume" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## raisins ## +# vinegar made from wine -These are dried grapes. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "vinegar that people make from wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he is separate to me ## +# vinegar -AT: "he separates himself to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +a drink produced when wine and other strong drinks fermented too long and became sour -## nothing that is made from grapes ## +# or from strong drink -AT: "nothing that people make from grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "or vinegar that people make from strong drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# raisins + +"dried grapes" + +# he is separate to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he separates himself to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# nothing that is made from grapes + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nothing that people make from grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the seeds to their skins + +These two extremes are given to emphasize the entire grape may not be eaten. AT: "from any part of a grape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/05.md b/num/06/05.md index 9f1827c408..3ed3904fe9 100644 --- a/num/06/05.md +++ b/num/06/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## no razor is to be used on his head ## +# vow of separation -AT: "no one is to use a razor on his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is an idiom. Here "separation" means "dedication" AT: "vow of dedication" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the days of his separation to Yahweh ## +# no razor is to be used on his head -AT: "the time that he has separated himself to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one is to use a razor on his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## He must be separated ## +# the days of his separation to Yahweh -AT: "He must separate himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "separation" is an abstract noun that can be expressed as a verb. Here "separation" is an idiom that means "dedication." AT: "the days that he has separated himself to Yahweh" or "the days that he has dedicated himself to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to Yahweh are fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to Yahweh are complete" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He must be set apart to Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He must set himself apart to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/06.md b/num/06/06.md index 2b32df0ecf..3412c37e46 100644 --- a/num/06/06.md +++ b/num/06/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## he is separated ## +# separates ... separated ... separation -AT: "he has separated himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "separation" means "dedication." AT: "dedicates ... dedicated ... dedication" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## reserved for Yahweh ## +# unclean -"set apart for Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he is separated + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he has separated himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# of his separation + +The abstract noun "separation" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "that he has separated himself" + +# reserved for Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he has reserved himself for Yahweh" or "set apart for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/09.md b/num/06/09.md index a3cdc856f9..1f11700387 100644 --- a/num/06/09.md +++ b/num/06/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## on the day of his cleansing ## +# defiles his consecrated head -AT: "on the day when he purifies himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "head" represents the Nazirite man's hair, which symbolizes his vow. AT: "defiles his long hair which shows everyone he is separated to God" or "he becomes defiled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# on the day of his purification + +The abstract noun "purification" can be stated as the verbal phrase. AT: "on the day when he makes himself acceptable to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the seventh day + +"the 7th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/10.md b/num/06/10.md index a8f5a60ea2..a4823ea0ba 100644 --- a/num/06/10.md +++ b/num/06/10.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the eighth day + +"the 8th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/12.md b/num/06/12.md index 93bf67d58c..29d3e0b100 100644 --- a/num/06/12.md +++ b/num/06/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## He must rededicate himself ## +# for the days of his consecration -"He must dedicate himself again" +"during the time he is being set apart again" -## The days before he defiled himself must not be counted ## +# He must bring a male lamb ... as a guilt offering -AT: "He must not count the days before he defiled himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The man is to bring the lamb to the priest so that it can be sacrificed. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "He must bring a male lamb one year old to the priest as a guilt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he was defiled ## +# The days before he defiled himself must not be counted -AT: "he defiled himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "He must not count the days before he defiled himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his consecration was defiled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he defiled himself" or "he made himself unacceptable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/13.md b/num/06/13.md index b9572e7d97..09d0b40a48 100644 --- a/num/06/13.md +++ b/num/06/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## He must be brought ## +# of his separation -AT: "Someone must bring him" or "He must go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "separation" means "dedication." Also, this abstract noun can be expressed as a verb. AT: "of his dedication" or "that he has dedicated himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## wafers without yeast ## +# He must be brought -A "wafer" is a small, flat piece of bread. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone must bring him" or "He must go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He must present his offering to Yahweh + +He must bring his offering to the priest to be sacrificed to Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "He must present his offering to Yahweh by bringing it to the priest to be sacrificed" or "He must present his offering to Yahweh by bringing it to the priest who will sacrifice it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# bread made without yeast + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "bread he made without yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# wafers without yeast rubbed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "wafers without yeast which he rubbed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# wafers without yeast + +small pieces of flat bread + +# together with their grain offering and drink offerings + +The word "their" refers to the other offerings that the Nazirite man was told to bring. Often grain offerings and drink offerings were required to accompany other types of sacrifices. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "together with the grain offering and drink offering that Yahweh required to accompany the other offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/16.md b/num/06/16.md index 6724b530a1..bcd8e198f3 100644 --- a/num/06/16.md +++ b/num/06/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## He must offer his sin offering ## +# He must offer his sin offering -Here the word "He" refers to the priest and the word "his" refers to the man who took a vow. \ No newline at end of file +"He" refers to the priest and "his" refers to the man who took a vow. + +# the fellowship offering + +"as the fellowship offering" + +# The priest must present also ... drink offering + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "The priest must present also ... the drink offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/18.md b/num/06/18.md index a8f5a60ea2..3f11e6f124 100644 --- a/num/06/18.md +++ b/num/06/18.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# indicating his separation + +Here "separation" means "dedication." Also, this abstract noun may be written as a verb. AT: "indicating his dedication" or "indicating how he has separated himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/19.md b/num/06/19.md index 39df7484aa..923f1ce8bb 100644 --- a/num/06/19.md +++ b/num/06/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## shaved his head indicating separation ## +# the boiled shoulder of the ram -AT: "shaved his hair that indicates his separation to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This means that he had boiled the ram's shoulder. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the shoulder of the ram that he boiled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that was raised ## +# indicating separation -AT: "that the priest raised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "separation" means "dedication." Also, this abstract noun can be expressed with the verb "separated." AT: "indicating dedication" or "indicating that he has dedicated himself to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# The priest must wave them + +After handing the items to the Nazirite, the priest takes them back to offer them to Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Then the priest must take them back and wave them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# together with + +"as well as" + +# that was waved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the priest waved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that was presented + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that he presented" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/21.md b/num/06/21.md index 0967b968f5..fe908cea80 100644 --- a/num/06/21.md +++ b/num/06/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## he must keep the obligations of the vow he has taken, to keep the promise indicated by the law for the Nazirite ## +# his separation -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +- Here "separation" means "dedication." Also, this abstract noun may be written as a verb. AT: "his dedication" or "for having dedicated himself to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the promise indicated by the law for the Nazirite ## +# Whatever else he may give -AT: "the promise that the law for the Nazirite indicates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the Nazirite deciding to give other offering beyond what he has been commanded to give. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "If he decides to give any additional offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he must keep the obligations of the vow he has taken + +"he must still obey the requirements of the vow he has taken" + +# he must keep the obligations ... to keep the promise indicated by the law for the Nazirite + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize that he must obey the obligations of his vow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the promise indicated by the law for the Nazirite + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the promise that the law for the Nazirite indicates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/22.md b/num/06/22.md index c2d947f842..47a422464a 100644 --- a/num/06/22.md +++ b/num/06/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## You must bless the people of Israel ## +# You must bless the people of Israel -Here the word "You" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"You" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## May Yahweh bless you and keep you ## +# May Yahweh bless you and keep you -Here the word "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# keep you + +This is an idiom. Here "keep" means to "protect." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/25.md b/num/06/25.md index 120c0700ce..1b5bb5f73a 100644 --- a/num/06/25.md +++ b/num/06/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## May Yahweh shine his light on you...and give you peace ## +# make his face shine on you -Here the word "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +This is an idiom which means to have kind intentions towards someone. It can also be expressed by smiling. AT: "smile at you" or "look at you with kindness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## they must give my name ## +# look on you with favor -Giving Yahweh's name to the people of Israel indicates that they belong to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +Here the phrase "look on" means to show a certain attitude towards that person. AT: "show you favor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# May Yahweh make his face shine on you ... and give you peace + +Here "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# they must give my name + +Here Yahweh speaks about claiming the Israelites as his own by saying that he is giving them "his name." AT: "they must let the people of Israel know that they are mine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/06/intro.md b/num/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e92ffd3ec9 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Numbers 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Nazirite vow ##### +The Nazirite vow was a special type of vow between a person and Yahweh. This chapter gives the rules for people to be consecrated to God as Nazirites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/01.md b/num/07/01.md index d2b3d0b702..604cb59842 100644 --- a/num/07/01.md +++ b/num/07/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## the heads of their ancestor's families ## +# Moses completed the tabernacle -Here the word "heads" means "leaders." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Moses finished setting up the tabernacle" -## had overseen the counting of the men ## +# the leaders of Israel ... the heads of their ancestor's families -AT: "had helped Aaron and Moses to count the men" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +These two phrases describe the same group of people two different ways. AT: "the leaders of Israel who are also the heads of their ancestors families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## six covered carts and twelve oxen ## +# the heads of their ancestor's families -AT: "6 covered carts and 12 oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the leaders of the families are referred to as "heads." AT: "the leaders of their ancestor's families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# had overseen the counting of the men + +The abstract noun "counting" can be stated as a verb. AT: "had helped Aaron and Moses to count the men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# They brought their offerings before Yahweh ... They presented these things in front of the tabernacle + +This means that they gave their offerings to Yahweh and brought them to the tabernacle. These phrases may be combined to add clarity. AT: "They brought their offerings to Yahweh and presented them to him in front of the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# six covered carts and twelve oxen + +"6 covered carts and 12 oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/04.md b/num/07/04.md index c065f77e30..975a68c79c 100644 --- a/num/07/04.md +++ b/num/07/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## to each one as his work needs them ## +# to each one as his work needs them -"to each Levite according to the work that he will do" \ No newline at end of file +"to each man as he needs them for his work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/06.md b/num/07/06.md index 1d8594993b..01b4670bcd 100644 --- a/num/07/06.md +++ b/num/07/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## two carts and four oxen ## +# Gershon ... Merari -AT: "2 carts and 4 oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md). -## because of what their work needed ## +# because of what their work needed -AT: "because this is what they needed to do their work" +"because it was what they needed to do their work" -## four carts and eight oxen ## +# in the care of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest -AT: "4 carts and 8 oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"under the supervision of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest" or "Ithamar son of Aaron the priest oversaw their work" -## in the care of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest ## +# Ithamar -This means that Ithamar showed the descendants of Merari what to do as they worked. \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:2](../03/01.md). + +# He did this because + +The word "he" refers to Moses. + +# because of what their work required + +"because it was what they needed to do their work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/09.md b/num/07/09.md index af7e567100..07d6ad08e2 100644 --- a/num/07/09.md +++ b/num/07/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## none of those things ## +# none of those things This refers to the carts and oxen. -## equipment and objects reserved for the tabernacle ## +# Kohath -AT: "equipment and objects that Yahweh reserved for the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md). + +# theirs would be the work + +"their work would be" + +# the things that belong to Yahweh + +You can make explicit the implicit meaning of what belongs to Yahweh. AT: "the things that Yahweh reserved for the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/10.md b/num/07/10.md index 2b6d400556..43aa0f03f8 100644 --- a/num/07/10.md +++ b/num/07/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## offered their goods ## +# offered their goods "offered gifts" -## Each leader must offer on his own day his sacrifice ## +# Each leader must offer on his own day his sacrifice -AT: "Each day, one leader must offer his sacrifice" \ No newline at end of file +"Each day, one leader must offer his sacrifice" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/12.md b/num/07/12.md index 1e0fc1bb54..1e8c3b618f 100644 --- a/num/07/12.md +++ b/num/07/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## 130 shekels...seventy shekels...ten shekels ## +# the first day -A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. AT: "about 1.5 kilograms...about .8 kilograms...about 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the 1st day" or "day 1" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Nahshon son of Amminadab + +These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [Numbers 1:7](../01/07.md) + +# weighing 130 shekels + +"weighing one hundred and thirty shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. AT: "weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. If you are converting the weights to modern measures, here is another way to translate this phrase. AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish that weighed ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. AT: "one gold dish that weighed one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish that weighed 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/15.md b/num/07/15.md index d5da071507..20373db55f 100644 --- a/num/07/15.md +++ b/num/07/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## This was the gift of Nahshon son of Amminadab ## +# that were a year old -AT: "This was what Nahshon son of Amminadab gave" \ No newline at end of file +"that were each one year old" + +# This was the sacrifice of Nahshon son of Amminadab + +"This was what Nahshon son of Amminadab presented" + +# Nahshon son of Amminadab + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:7](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/18.md b/num/07/18.md index a8f5a60ea2..d7d1a4ed23 100644 --- a/num/07/18.md +++ b/num/07/18.md @@ -1 +1,23 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the second day + +"the 2nd day" or "day 2" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Nethanel son of Zuar + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:8](../01/07.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/20.md b/num/07/20.md index 56c53daabe..95c58d7893 100644 --- a/num/07/20.md +++ b/num/07/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## This was the gift of Nethanel son of Zuar ## +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels -AT: "This was what Nethanel son of Zuar gave" \ No newline at end of file +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# that were a year old + +"that were each one year old" + +# This was the sacrifice of Nethanel son of Zuar + +"This was what Nethanel son of Zuar presented" + +# Nethanel son of Zuar + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:8](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/24.md b/num/07/24.md index a8f5a60ea2..e716a1bb85 100644 --- a/num/07/24.md +++ b/num/07/24.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the third day + +"the 3rd day" or "day 3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Eliab son of Helon + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:9](../01/07.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/27.md b/num/07/27.md index 2f107ffdef..8166ae524b 100644 --- a/num/07/27.md +++ b/num/07/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## This was the sacrifice of Eliab son of Helon ## +# that were a year old -AT: "This was what Eliab son of Helon gave as a sacrifice" \ No newline at end of file +"that were each one year old" + +# This was the sacrifice of Eliab son of Helon + +"This was what Eliab son of Helon gave as a sacrifice" + +# Eliab son of Helon + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:9](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/30.md b/num/07/30.md index a8f5a60ea2..49ea771ec9 100644 --- a/num/07/30.md +++ b/num/07/30.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the fourth day + +"the 4th day" or "day 4" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Elizur son of Shedeur + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:5](../01/04.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/33.md b/num/07/33.md index 8d1883ddc7..548502ddca 100644 --- a/num/07/33.md +++ b/num/07/33.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## This was the sacrifice of Elizur son of Shedeur ## +# that were a year old -AT: “This was what Elizur son of Shedeur gave as a sacrifice” \ No newline at end of file +"that were each one year old" + +# This was the sacrifice of Elizur son of Shedeur + +"This was what Elizur son of Shedeur gave as a sacrifice" + +# Elizur son of Shedeur + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:5](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/36.md b/num/07/36.md index a8f5a60ea2..3285af0531 100644 --- a/num/07/36.md +++ b/num/07/36.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the fifth day + +"the 5th day" or "day 5" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:6](../01/04.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/39.md b/num/07/39.md index 77ed69e6f2..40ad55482e 100644 --- a/num/07/39.md +++ b/num/07/39.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## This was the sacrifice of Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai ## +# that were a year old -AT: “This was what Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai gave as a sacrifice” \ No newline at end of file +"that were each one year old" + +# This was the sacrifice of Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai + +"This was what Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai gave as a sacrifice." "Shelumiel" and "Zurishaddai" are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:6](../01/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/42.md b/num/07/42.md index a8f5a60ea2..f6ccf5d7e4 100644 --- a/num/07/42.md +++ b/num/07/42.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the sixth day + +"the sixth day" or "day 6" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Eliasaph son of Deuel + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:14](../01/12.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/45.md b/num/07/45.md index 9ee6284402..2add7e3c47 100644 --- a/num/07/45.md +++ b/num/07/45.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## This was the sacrifice of Eliasaph son of Deuel ## +# that were a year old -AT: “This was what Eliasaph son of Deuel gave as a sacrifice” \ No newline at end of file +"that were each one year old" + +# This was the sacrifice of Eliasaph son of Deuel + +"This was what Eliasaph son of Deuel gave as a sacrifice" + +# Eliasaph son of Deuel + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:14](../01/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/48.md b/num/07/48.md index a8f5a60ea2..d9426975df 100644 --- a/num/07/48.md +++ b/num/07/48.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the seventh day + +"the 7th day" or "day 7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Elishama son of Ammihud + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:10](../01/10.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/51.md b/num/07/51.md index 48a7e013c3..b5a7c103f9 100644 --- a/num/07/51.md +++ b/num/07/51.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## This was the sacrifice of Elishama son of Ammihud ## +# that were a year old -AT: “This was what Elishama son of Ammihud gave as a sacrifice” \ No newline at end of file +"that were each one year old" + +# This was the sacrifice of Elishama son of Ammihud + +"This was what Elishama son of Ammihud presented" + +# Elishama son of Ammihud + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:10](../01/10.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/54.md b/num/07/54.md index a8f5a60ea2..ed64d4531e 100644 --- a/num/07/54.md +++ b/num/07/54.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the eighth day + +"the 8th day" or "day 8" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Gamaliel son of Pedahzur + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:10](../01/10.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/57.md b/num/07/57.md index dc60dbd71c..0966bffe16 100644 --- a/num/07/57.md +++ b/num/07/57.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## This was the sacrifice of Gamaliel son of Pedahzur ## +# that were a year old -AT: “This was what Gamaliel son of Pedahzur gave as a sacrifice” \ No newline at end of file +"that were each one year old" + +# This was the sacrifice of Gamaliel son of Pedahzur + +"This was what Gamaliel son of Pedahzur gave as a sacrifice" + +# Gamaliel son of Pedahzur + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:10](../01/10.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/60.md b/num/07/60.md index a8f5a60ea2..a1f000b4f1 100644 --- a/num/07/60.md +++ b/num/07/60.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the ninth day + +"the 9th day" or "day 9" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Abidan son of Gideoni + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:11](../01/10.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mingled with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/63.md b/num/07/63.md index 34b902755b..91549026fe 100644 --- a/num/07/63.md +++ b/num/07/63.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## This was the sacrifice of Abidan son of Gideoni ## +# that were a year old -AT: “This was what Abidan son of Gideoni gave as a sacrifice” \ No newline at end of file +"that were each one year old" + +# This was the sacrifice of Abidan son of Gideoni + +"This was what Abidan son of Gideoni gave as a sacrifice" + +# Abidan son of Gideoni + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:11](../01/10.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/66.md b/num/07/66.md index a8f5a60ea2..40bdd1e34b 100644 --- a/num/07/66.md +++ b/num/07/66.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the tenth day + +"the 10th day" or "day 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:12](../01/12.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/69.md b/num/07/69.md index fd6e92cb0a..e637501ecb 100644 --- a/num/07/69.md +++ b/num/07/69.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## This was the sacrifice of Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai ## +# that were a year old -AT: “This was what Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai gave as a sacrifice” \ No newline at end of file +"that were each one year old" + +# This was the sacrifice of Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai + +"This was what Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai gave as a sacrifice" + +# Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:12](../01/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/72.md b/num/07/72.md index a8f5a60ea2..1def796498 100644 --- a/num/07/72.md +++ b/num/07/72.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the eleventh day + +"the 11th day" or "day 11" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Pagiel son of Okran + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mingled with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/75.md b/num/07/75.md index 9bb291d263..6e0b871da9 100644 --- a/num/07/75.md +++ b/num/07/75.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## This was the sacrifice of Pagiel son of Ochran ## +# that were a year old -AT: “This was what Pagiel son of Ochran gave as a sacrifice” \ No newline at end of file +"that were each one year old" + +# This was the sacrifice of Pagiel son of Okran + +"This was what Pagiel son of Okran gave as a sacrifice." "Pagiel" and "Okran" were names of men. See how you translated their names in [Numbers 1:13](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/78.md b/num/07/78.md index a8f5a60ea2..7c4c717bdb 100644 --- a/num/07/78.md +++ b/num/07/78.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the twelfth day + +"the 12th day" or "day 12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Ahira son of Enan + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:15](../01/12.md). + +# one silver platter weighing 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver platter weighing nearly one and a half kilograms" or "one silver platter weighing one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels + +"one silver bowl weighing 70 shekels." If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "one silver bowl weighing nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "one silver bowl weighting 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour that he had mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one gold dish weighing ten shekels + +If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "one gold dish weighing one tenth of a kilogram" or "one gold dish weighting 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/81.md b/num/07/81.md index 2cfaa8fc18..30c9803484 100644 --- a/num/07/81.md +++ b/num/07/81.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## This was the sacrifice of Ahira son of Enan ## +# that were a year old -AT: “This was what Ahira son of Enan gave as a sacrifice” \ No newline at end of file +"that were each one year old" + +# This was the sacrifice of Ahira son of Enan + +"This was what Ahira son of Enan gave as a sacrifice" + +# Ahira son of Enan + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:15](../01/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/84.md b/num/07/84.md index cb8a482b1f..38ff9661f8 100644 --- a/num/07/84.md +++ b/num/07/84.md @@ -1,3 +1,39 @@ -## on the day that Moses anointed the altar ## +# set all these apart -Here the word "day" refers to a general period of time. The leaders of Israel dedicated these things over the course of 12 days. AT: "when Moses anointed the altar" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "set apart" means to be dedicated to a specific purpose. In this case, the offerings were dedicated to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# on the day that Moses anointed the altar + +Here the word "day" refers to a general period of time. The leaders of Israel dedicated these things over the course of 12 days. AT: "when Moses anointed the altar" + +# Each silver platter weighed 130 shekels + +If necessary, these weights can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated this same weight in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "each silver platter weighed nearly one and a half kilograms" or "each silver platter weighed one kilogram and 430 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# each bowl weighed seventy shekels + +"each bowl weighted 70 shekels." If necessary, these weight can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated this same weight in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "each bowl weighed nearly eight tenths of a kilogram" or "each bowl weighed 770 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 2,400 shekels + +"two thousand four hundred shekels" or "twenty-four hundred shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# by the standard weight of the sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 7:13](./12.md). AT: "measured by the standard weights used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# All the silver vessels weighed ... All the gold dishes weighed + +"All the silver vessels together weighed ... All the gold dishes together weighed" + +# the silver vessels + +This refers to all of the offerings that were made of silver, both the platters and the bowls. + +# Each of the twelve gold dishes ... weighed ten shekels + +"Each of the 12 gold dishes ... weighed 10 shekels." If necessary, this can be written in modern measurements. See how you translated these same weights in [Numbers 7:14](./12.md). AT: "Each of the 12 gold dishes ... weighed one tenth of a kilogram" or "Each of the 12 gold dishes ... weighed 110 grams" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 120 shekels + +"one hundred and twenty shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/87.md b/num/07/87.md index 45dc6c90ec..ff7f4a38f4 100644 --- a/num/07/87.md +++ b/num/07/87.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## when it was annointed ## +# twelve ... twenty-four ... sixty -AT: "when Moses annointed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"12 ... 24 ... 60." These numbers may be written with numerals instead of with words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# a year old + +"that were one year old" + +# after it was anointed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "after Moses had anointed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/89.md b/num/07/89.md index 8b890d59bc..13c6d73882 100644 --- a/num/07/89.md +++ b/num/07/89.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## he heard his voice speaking to him ## +# he heard his voice speaking to him -AT: "Moses heard Yahweh speaking to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "his voice" refers to Yahweh. AT: "he heard Yahweh speaking to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## from above the atonement lid on the ark of the covenant decrees, from between the two cherubim ## +# from above the atonement lid ... from between the two cherubim -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases describe the same location. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## He spoke to him ## +# ark of the testimony -AT: "Yahweh spoke to Moses" \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 4:5](../04/05.md). + +# He spoke to him + +"Yahweh spoke to Moses" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/07/intro.md b/num/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c3ac71207e --- /dev/null +++ b/num/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Consecrating the altar ##### + +When the tabernacle was completed, they consecrated the altar. Each tribe brought an offering to consecrate the altar. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/01.md b/num/08/01.md index a8f5a60ea2..c5d7eda5bc 100644 --- a/num/08/01.md +++ b/num/08/01.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# must give light in front + +"must shine towards the front" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/03.md b/num/08/03.md index 07c20d9ec5..cbd327c3e5 100644 --- a/num/08/03.md +++ b/num/08/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## The lampstand was made ## +# to give light -AT: "Bezalel and Oholiab had made the lampstand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"to shine" + +# The lampstand was made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They had made the lampstand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with hammered cups like blossoms + +They were commanded to form the hammered cups so that they resembled flower blossoms. AT: "with hammered cups that resemble flower blossoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/05.md b/num/08/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index a8f5a60ea2..0000000000 --- a/num/08/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/07.md b/num/08/07.md index 649e60d817..a619b8c8b0 100644 --- a/num/08/07.md +++ b/num/08/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## to purify them ## +# to purify them -Here the word "them" refers to the Levites. \ No newline at end of file +Here "them" refers to the Levites. + +# Sprinkle the water of atonement on them + +Moses sprinkling water on them was symbolic of their atonement. AT: "Sprinkle on their the water that symbolizes atonement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# wash their clothes + +The Levites are supposed to wash their own clothes. You can make clear the understood information. AT: "then make them wash their clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# a young bull and its grain offering + +When offering a young bull, a grain offering was usually required to accompany it. + +# of fine flour mingled with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "of fine flour that they have mingled with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/09.md b/num/08/09.md index 28addd6da9..bb7861d80f 100644 --- a/num/08/09.md +++ b/num/08/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## assemble the whole community ## +# assemble the whole community "gather the whole community" -## as if they were raised high before him ## +# before Yahweh -Aaron was to present the Levites to Yahweh as if he was lifting up a sacrifice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh refers to himself by his own name. + +# the people of Israel must lay their hands on the Levites + +The action "laying on hands" on someone was often done to dedicate them to Yahweh's work or service. AT: "The people Israel must lay their hands on the Levites, dedicating them to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# as a wave offering + +Aaron was to present the Levites to Yahweh with the same amount of dedication as if they were a sacrifice given to him. AT: "if they were a wave offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/12.md b/num/08/12.md index bc888bf25c..4908f4fc54 100644 --- a/num/08/12.md +++ b/num/08/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## lift them up as an offering ## +# The Levites must place their hands on the heads of the bulls -Aaron was to present the Levites to Yahweh as if he was lifting up a sacrifice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a symbolic action that identifies the Levites with the animals being offered. In this way the person is offering himself through the animal to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# lift them up as a wave offering to me + +Aaron was to present the Levites to Yahweh as if he were lifting up an offering to Yahweh. AT: "dedicate them to me, as if you were lifting them up a wave offering to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/14.md b/num/08/14.md index a8f5a60ea2..8534af86ca 100644 --- a/num/08/14.md +++ b/num/08/14.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# You must purify them. You must offer them as a wave offering + +Yahweh repeats these things to emphasize their importance. This must happen before the Levites go to serve at the tent of meeting. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "But first, you must purify them. You must offer them as a wave offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You must offer them as a wave offering + +Aaron was to present the Levites to Yahweh as if they were a wave offering to him. AT: "You must dedicate them to me, as if you were presenting a wave offering to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/16.md b/num/08/16.md index b5a38b6bb5..4e8eaaa4d4 100644 --- a/num/08/16.md +++ b/num/08/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## each male child who opens the womb, the firstborn ## +# each male child who opens the womb, the firstborn -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasize the firstborn sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## male child who who opens the womb ## +# male child who opens the womb -This refers to the first male child to which a mother gives birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. "To open the womb" means to give birth for the first time. Here this refers to the first male child to which a mother gives birth. AT: "child who is the firstborn son of his mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I took the lives ## +# I took the lives -AT: "I killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a polite way of referring to when a person kills someone. AT: "I killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## I set them apart ## +# I set them apart -Here the word "them" refers to "the firstborn from among the people of Israel." \ No newline at end of file +Here "them" refers to "the firstborn from among the people of Israel." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/18.md b/num/08/18.md index ab9460fa7a..8a0282aa75 100644 --- a/num/08/18.md +++ b/num/08/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## I have taken them...I have given them ## +# I have given the Levites as a gift to Aaron and his sons -Here the word "them" refers to the Levites. +Yahweh appointing the Levites to help Aaron and his sons is spoken of as if they were a gift that Yahweh were giving to Aaron and his sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## when they come near ## +# I have taken them ... I have given them -Here the word "them" refers to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +Here "them" refers to the Levites. + +# instead of all the firstborn + +The missing words may be added to make the meaning clear. AT: "instead taking all of the firstborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# when they come near + +Here "they" refers to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/20.md b/num/08/20.md index a8f5a60ea2..a2f0839068 100644 --- a/num/08/20.md +++ b/num/08/20.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Moses, Aaron, and the whole community of the people of Israel ... The people of Israel did this with them + +Here there are three parallel sentences that give the same information. It is repeated to emphasize that the people did to the Levites as Yahweh had commanded. AT: "Moses, Aaron, and the whole community of the people of Israel did with the Levites everything that Yahweh had commanded Moses concerning the Levites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/22.md b/num/08/22.md index 5a7ba526c2..7964a052fd 100644 --- a/num/08/22.md +++ b/num/08/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## to do their service ## +# to do their service -AT: "to serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The word "service," an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. AT: "to serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## before Aaron and before Aaron's sons ## +# before Aaron and before Aaron's sons -AT: "in the presence of Aaron and his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"in the presence of Aaron and his sons" -## They treated all the Levites ## +# This was -Here the word "They" refers to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +"What they did was" + +# They treated all the Levites in this way + +"They did to the Levites what Yahweh commanded." The word "They" refers to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/23.md b/num/08/23.md index 12d45315b4..15f58c80a8 100644 --- a/num/08/23.md +++ b/num/08/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## All of this is for the Levites ## +# All of this is for the Levites "All of these commandments are for the Levites" -## twenty-five years old ## +# twenty-five years old -five years old** - Verse 25 says that the Levites must stop serving in this way when they reach fifty years of age, so it is possible to translate either "25 years old" or "between 25 and 50 years old." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"25 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## must join the company to serve in the tent of meeting ## +# must join the company to serve in the tent of meeting -See how you translated this in [Numbers 4:1](../04/01.md) \ No newline at end of file +The word "company" refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 4:3](../04/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/25.md b/num/08/25.md index 5f114f2362..1a7ec7c395 100644 --- a/num/08/25.md +++ b/num/08/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## fifty years ## +# at the age of fifty years -"50 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"at 50 years old" or "when they become 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/08/intro.md b/num/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..69700472b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Numbers 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The consecration of the tabernacle continues in this chapter. The people obeyed Yahweh's exact instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/01.md b/num/09/01.md index f1e7f5d252..25616691b3 100644 --- a/num/09/01.md +++ b/num/09/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## after they came out from the land of Egypt ## +# in the first month -Here the word "they" refers to the people of Israel. +"in the 1st month." This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It marks when God brought the people of Israel out of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## at its fixed time of year ## +# the second year -AT: "at the time of each year that I have determined" +"the 2nd year" or "year 2" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## follow all the regulations, and obey all the decrees​ ## +# after they came out from the land of Egypt -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "they" refers to the people of Israel. The phrase "came out" means to leave. AT: "after they left the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Let the people ... at its fixed time of year + +The word "fixed" means "previously set." This means that this is when the observe it every year. AT: "Let the people ... at the time of year they currently observe it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# On the fourteenth day ... at its fixed time of year + +This is the set time of year that they celebrate the Passover. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "On the fourteenth day ... and observe it, for this is the time you do celebrate it every year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the fourteenth day + +"the 14th day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# follow all the regulations, and obey all the decrees + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize that they needed to obey the commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You must keep it + +Here the phrase "keep it" is an idiom which means to observe it. AT: "You must observe it" or "You must celebrate it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/04.md b/num/09/04.md index a8f5a60ea2..b3d83460be 100644 --- a/num/09/04.md +++ b/num/09/04.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# keep the Festival of the Passover + +Here the word "keep" means to observe. AT: "observe the Festival of the Passover" or "celebrate the Festival of the Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month + +"in the 1st month, on the 14th day of the month." This refers to time in the Jewish calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/06.md b/num/09/06.md index 850af8bc86..cfaf893d09 100644 --- a/num/09/06.md +++ b/num/09/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## because of the dead body of a man ## +# became unclean by the body of a dead man -"by touching the body of a dead man" +This implies that they touched the dead man, which made them unclean. You can make clear the full meaning of this statement. AT: "became unclean because they touched the body of a dead man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Why do you keep us from offering the sacrifice...among the people of Israel? ## +# unclean -The men ask this question in order to complain that they are not allowed to participate in celebrating the Passover. AT: "It is not fair that you keep us away from offering the sacrifice...among the people of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# keep the Passover + +Here the word "keep" means to observe. AT: "observe the Passover" or "celebrate the Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# because of the dead body of a man + +This means that they had touched a dead man's body. You can make the full meaning of this statement clear. AT: "because we have touched the body of a dead man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Why do you keep us from offering the sacrifice ... among the people of Israel? + +The men ask this question in order to complain that they are not allowed to participate in celebrating the Passover. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "It is not fair that you keep us away from offering the sacrifice ... among the people of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# fixed + +set or predetermined \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/09.md b/num/09/09.md index a8f5a60ea2..c736288ee1 100644 --- a/num/09/09.md +++ b/num/09/09.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# unclean + +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because of a dead body + +This refers to someone touching a dead body. AT: "because you have touched a dead body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# keep the Passover + +Here the word "keep" means to observe. AT: "observe the Passover" or "celebrate the Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/11.md b/num/09/11.md index cfcd888daa..709aaf2cf8 100644 --- a/num/09/11.md +++ b/num/09/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## with bread without yeast ## +# eat the Passover -"with bread made without yeast" +Here the word "eat" means to observe. AT: "observe the Passover" or "celebrate the Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## bitter herbs ## +# the second month on the fourteenth day + +"the 2nd month on the 14th day." This refers to time in the Jewish calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# at evening + +"at sunset" + +# with bread that is made without yeast + +"with bread that contains no yeast" + +# bitter herbs These are small plants that have a strong and usually bad taste. -## break a bone of animals ## +# or break any of its bones -This refers to the lamb that they are eating. \ No newline at end of file +"and they must not break any of its bones" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/13.md b/num/09/13.md index 49ef8c454c..9a41c565d4 100644 --- a/num/09/13.md +++ b/num/09/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## that person must be cut off ## +# any person who is clean -AT: "you must cut that person off" or "I will cut that person off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## That man must carry his sin ## +# keep the Passover -Here the word "sin" refers to the punishment for sin. AT: "That man must accept the punishment for his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "keep" means to observe. AT: "observe the Passover" or "celebrate the Passover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## lives among you ## +# that person must be cut off -Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here the phrase "cut off" means to be disowned and sent away. AT: "that person must be sent away" or "you must send that person away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he must keep it and do all he commands ## +# fixed -AT: "that stranger must keep it and do all that Yahweh commands" +set or predetermined -## keeping the rules of the Passover, and obeying the laws for it ## +# That man must carry his sin -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the concept of the man having to bear the consequences of his sin is spoken of as if his sin were a heavy object object that he had to carry. AT: "That man must bear the punishment for his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lives among you + +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# he must keep it and do all he commands + +"that stranger must keep it and do all that Yahweh commands" + +# keeping the rules of the Passover, and obeying the laws for it + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize that the stranger must obey all of the rules about the Passover. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# in the land + +"in the land of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/15.md b/num/09/15.md index fc120ab4ea..bf382a52a8 100644 --- a/num/09/15.md +++ b/num/09/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## the tabernacle was set up ## +# the tabernacle was set up -AT: "the Levites set up the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Levites set up the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the cloud was taken up ## +# the tent of the covenant decrees -AT: "the cloud rose up" (UDB) or "Yahweh took up the cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated the phrase "the tabernacle of the covenant decrees" in [Numbers 1:50](../01/50.md). + +# It appeared like fire until morning + +This refers to the cloud's appearance during the night. Here the cloud is compared to looking like a fire. AT: "During the night the cloud looked like a huge fire until morning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# It continued that way + +It may be helpful to explain that this refers to the cloud being over the tabernacle. AT: "The cloud remained this way over the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# appeared like fire at night + +The cloud's appearance is compared to a huge fire. AT: "it looked like a huge fire at night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the cloud was taken up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "moved" or "Yahweh took up the cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the cloud stopped + +"the cloud stopped moving" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/18.md b/num/09/18.md index e32c8cad4f..55e2811957 100644 --- a/num/09/18.md +++ b/num/09/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## At Yahweh’s command ## +# At Yahweh's command -"When Yahweh commanded" \ No newline at end of file +The word "command" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "When Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/20.md b/num/09/20.md index 232e563d31..3542e0becb 100644 --- a/num/09/20.md +++ b/num/09/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## If it continued ## +# on the tabernacle -"If the cloud stayed on the tabernacle" \ No newline at end of file +"over the tabernacle" + +# make camp + +Here the word "make" means to "set up." AT: "set up their camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# from evening until morning + +This means that the cloud only stayed over the tabernacle for one night. You make make clear the full meaning of this statement. AT: "only from evening until morning" or "over the tabernacle for only one night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If it continued + +The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. "If the cloud stayed over the tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# only when the cloud lifted would they journey on + +"then after the cloud moved they would travel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/22.md b/num/09/22.md index 8048d08889..c9961599c0 100644 --- a/num/09/22.md +++ b/num/09/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the cloud was taken up ## +# the cloud was taken up -AT: “the cloud rose up” (UDB) or “Yahweh took up the cloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the cloud rose up" or "Yahweh took up the cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## at Yahweh's command ## +# at Yahweh's command -“when Yahweh commanded” +The word "command" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "what Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Yahweh's command given through Moses ## +# Yahweh's command given through Moses -AT: "the command that Yahweh had given through Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the command that Yahweh had given through Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/09/intro.md b/num/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..121e478086 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Numbers 09 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +==Passover == + +This chapter records the celebration of the Passover for the first time since it began. The people kept the Passover as directed by the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/01.md b/num/10/01.md index a8f5a60ea2..4fee5cf558 100644 --- a/num/10/01.md +++ b/num/10/01.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Make two silver trumpets + +This means that Yahweh commanded Moses to have someone make the trumpet. He did not make them himself. AT: "Tell someone to make two silver trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You must use the trumpets + +Moses will not blow the trumpets himself, but he will command the priests to blow them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/03.md b/num/10/03.md index a5d7610ec0..05192cfddf 100644 --- a/num/10/03.md +++ b/num/10/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the leaders, the clan heads of Israel ## +# in front of you -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"while you are present." This means that Moses was to be there with the priest when he blew the trumpets. -## When you blow a loud signal ## +# the leaders, the heads of the clans of Israel -Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases refer to the same group of people. Here the second phrase is used to describe the first phrase. AT: "the leaders, who are the heads of the clans of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# When you blow a loud signal + +Here the word "you" is plural. Yahweh is speaking to Moses, but he his referring to the priests. The priests will blow the trumpets, Moses will not. AT: "When they blow a loud signal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/06.md b/num/10/06.md index 8ad8e89f36..5f5a4edf50 100644 --- a/num/10/06.md +++ b/num/10/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## When you blow a loud signal ## +# When you blow a loud signal -Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here the word "you" is plural. Yahweh is speaking to Moses, but he is referring to the priests. The priests will blow the trumpets, Moses will not. AT: "When they blow a loud signal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They must blow a loud signal for their journeys ## +# When the community gathers together -Here the word "They" refers to the priests and the word "their" refers to the people of Israel. +"To gather the community together" -## be a regulation for you ## +# second -"be a rule for you." Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +"2nd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# They must blow a loud signal for their journeys + +"They" refers to the priests and the word "their" refers to the people of Israel. + +# be a regulation for you + +"be a rule for you." Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/09.md b/num/10/09.md index ba4ee1cb8a..1e3a68e8cb 100644 --- a/num/10/09.md +++ b/num/10/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## will call you to mind ## +# When you go to war ... oppresses you -AT: "will remember you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is speaking to Moses and uses the word "you," but he is actually referring the people of Israel going to war. AT: "When the people of Israel to war ... oppresses Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# then you must sound an alarm with the trumpets + +Here Yahweh again speaks to Moses using the word "you" but actually wants Moses to have the priests blow the trumpets. AT: "then you must command the priests to sound an alarm with the trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# call you to mind + +This phrase "call to mind" means to remember. AT: "remember you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/10.md b/num/10/10.md index a42ab3432d..6015735886 100644 --- a/num/10/10.md +++ b/num/10/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## These will act as a reminder of you to me ## +# of celebration -The people and Yahweh will both have the reminder of their relationship. \ No newline at end of file +The noun "celebration" can be expressed with the verb "celebrate." AT: "when you celebrate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you must blow the trumpets + +Here Yahweh again speaks to Moses using the word "you," but actually wants him to have the priests blow the trumpets. AT: "you must command the priests to blow the trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]), + +# at the beginnings of the months + +There are 12 months on the Hebrew calendar. The beginning phase of the moon with its sliver of light marked the beginning of each month in the lunar calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# your burnt offerings ... your fellowship offerings ... you to me + +In these phrases the words "your" and "you" are plural and refer to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# over the sacrifices + +"in honor of the sacrifices" + +# will act as a reminder of you to me + +"will act as a memorial for you of me." The word "reminder" can be expressed with the verb "remind." AT: "will always remind you of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# These will act + +The word "these" refers to the trumpets and the sacrifices. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/11.md b/num/10/11.md index 6f20770742..62d765f54a 100644 --- a/num/10/11.md +++ b/num/10/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## the cloud was lifted ## +# In the second year -AT: “the cloud rose up” (UDB) or “Yahweh lifted the cloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"In the 2nd year" or "In year 2." This is the second year after Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Yahweh's command given through Moses ## +# in the second month, on the twentieth day of the month -AT: “the command that Yahweh had given through Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"in the 2nd month, on the 20th day of the month." This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the cloud was lifted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the cloud rose up" or "Yahweh lifted the cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the tabernacle of the covenant decrees + +The tabernacle was also called by this longer name because the ark with the law of God was placed inside it. See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:50](../01/50.md). + +# Yahweh's command given through Moses + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the commands that Yahweh had given through Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/14.md b/num/10/14.md index a8f5a60ea2..c0709ca42d 100644 --- a/num/10/14.md +++ b/num/10/14.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# The camp under the banner of Judah's descendants + +This camp includes the three tribes under the division of Judah: Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun. + +# went out first + +"went out 1st." The phrase "went out" means that they packed up their camp and began moving. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Nahshon son of Amminadab + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:7](../01/07.md). + +# Nethanel son of Zuar + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:8](../01/07.md). + +# Eliab son of Helon + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:9](../01/07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/17.md b/num/10/17.md index a8f5a60ea2..ea8598399b 100644 --- a/num/10/17.md +++ b/num/10/17.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Gershon ... Merari + +See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md). + +# the armies under the banner of Reuben's camp + +This refers to the armies of the tribes under the division of Reuben: Reuben, Simeon, and Gad. + +# Elizur son of Shedeur + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:5](../01/04.md). + +# Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai + +See how you translated this man's name [Numbers 1:6](../01/04.md). + +# Eliasaph son of Deuel + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:14](../01/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/21.md b/num/10/21.md index a8f5a60ea2..3481f25e26 100644 --- a/num/10/21.md +++ b/num/10/21.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Kohathites + +This refers to the descendants of Kohath. See how you translated this in [Numbers 3:27](../03/27.md). + +# The armies under the banner of Ephraim's descendants + +This refers to the armies of the tribes under the division of Ephraim: Ephraim, Manasseh, and Benjamin. + +# Elishama son of Ammihud + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:10](../01/10.md). + +# Gamaliel son of Pedahzur + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:10](../01/10.md). + +# Abidan son of Gideoni + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:11](../01/10.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/25.md b/num/10/25.md index a8f5a60ea2..79f4bc3dc3 100644 --- a/num/10/25.md +++ b/num/10/25.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# The armies that camped under the banner of Dan's descendants + +This refers to the armies of the tribes under the division of Dan: Dan, Asher, and Naphtali. + +# Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:12](../01/12.md). + +# Pagiel son of Okran + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# Ahira son of Enan + +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 1:15](../01/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/29.md b/num/10/29.md index efee83cf5a..8b97f7552e 100644 --- a/num/10/29.md +++ b/num/10/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## we will do you good ## +# Hobab son of Reuel + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# that Yahweh described + +"that Yahweh described to us" + +# we will do you good "we will treat you well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/31.md b/num/10/31.md index f182693b8a..a17e0aa66a 100644 --- a/num/10/31.md +++ b/num/10/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## You must watch out for us ## +# You must watch out for us -AT: "You can guide us" (UDB) or "You can give us advice on where to camp and how to live in the desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "watch out" means to guide and to take care of. AT: "You can guide us and show us how to live in the desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/33.md b/num/10/33.md index 5da62de43c..9086871ee4 100644 --- a/num/10/33.md +++ b/num/10/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## They journeyed ## +# They journeyed -Here the word "They" refers to the people of Israel. +"They" refers to the people of Israel. -## The ark of the covenant of Yahweh went before them ## +# the mountain of Yahweh -AT: "The men carrying the ark of the covenant of Yahweh went before them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to Mount Sinai. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "Mount Sinai, the mountain of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## by daylight ## +# The ark of the covenant of Yahweh went before them + +The group of Levites carrying the ark of the covenant went before the people of Israel as the traveled. AT: "Men carried the ark of the covenant of Yahweh before them as they traveled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# by daylight "every day" or "during the day" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/35.md b/num/10/35.md index 05ae3be996..2cad16ddd8 100644 --- a/num/10/35.md +++ b/num/10/35.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Whenever the ark set out ## +# Whenever the ark set out -AT: "Whenever the people carrying the ark set out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the ark is spoken of as if were a person traveling. The ark was really being carried by men. AT: "Whenever the people carrying the ark set out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## many tens of thousands ## +# Rise up, Yahweh -"many tens of thousands of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the phrase "rise up" is a request for Yahweh to act, in this case Moses is asking him to scatter their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Make those who hate you run from you + +Here Moses speaks about Yahweh causing their enemies to flee from the people of Israel as if they were fleeing from Yahweh himself. AT: "Make those who hate you run away from your ark and your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Whenever the ark stopped + +Here the ark is spoken of as if were a person traveling. The ark was really being carried by men. AT: "Whenever the people carrying the ark stopped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# many tens of thousands + +This refers to people. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "many tens of thousands of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/10/intro.md b/num/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5001a01d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Numbers 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trumpets ##### +In the ancient Near East, trumpets were used for many purposes. They were used to call people together. They were also used to lead people into battle. + +##### Israel starts to move ##### + +Each tribe had its place in line as did the tabernacle. Their movements through the desert were very deliberate and ordered. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/01.md b/num/11/01.md index e0d0f7c59c..73d83a5e8e 100644 --- a/num/11/01.md +++ b/num/11/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Fire from Yahweh burned ## +# Fire from Yahweh burned -AT: "Yahweh sent fire that" +"Yahweh sent fire that burned" -## That place was named ## +# That place was named -AT: "They named that place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in the active form. AT: "They named that place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/04.md b/num/11/04.md index 55900cf7ed..93b05d7993 100644 --- a/num/11/04.md +++ b/num/11/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Who will give us meat to eat? ## +# Who will give us meat to eat? -The Israelites ask this question in order to complain and to express their desire for something other than manna to eat. AT: "We wish that we had meat to eat." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The Israelites ask this question in order to complain and to express their desire for something other than manna to eat. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "We wish that we had meat to eat." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# our appetite is gone + +"we do not want to eat" or "we cannot eat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/07.md b/num/11/07.md index 028fef41a9..cad48af1a4 100644 --- a/num/11/07.md +++ b/num/11/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## coriander seed ## +# coriander seed -Coriander is also known as cilantro. This seed is a spice when dried. +Coriander is also known as cilantro. This seed serves as a spice when dried. -## resin ## +# resin -This refers to a sticky substance with a pale yellow color. \ No newline at end of file +This is a sticky substance with a pale yellow color. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/09.md b/num/11/09.md index db18801197..8508e005e6 100644 --- a/num/11/09.md +++ b/num/11/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## in Moses' eyes ## +# in Moses' eyes -AT: "in Moses' opinion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +he eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "in Moses' opinion" or "in Moses' judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/11.md b/num/11/11.md index 1757ce17db..e7dab3c1ce 100644 --- a/num/11/11.md +++ b/num/11/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses complains to Yahweh using several rhetorical questions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why have you treated your servant so badly? Why are you not pleased with me? ## +# Why have you treated your servant so badly? Why are you not pleased with me? -AT: "What have I done wrong to deserve to be treated like this?" or "I have done nothing wrong to deserve this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses used these questions to complain about the way God was treating him. They can be expressed as statements. AT: "You should not treat me, your servant, so badly. You should not be angry with me!" or "I, your servant, have done nothing wrong for you to treat me so badly!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## carry the load of all these people ## +# You make me carry the load of all these people -Moses is complaining that it is too difficult to be responsible for all these people. +Moses complains and speaks of leading the people and providing for them as if he were carrying a heavy load. AT: "You make me responsible for all these people, but it's too hard for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Did I conceive all these people? Have I given them birth so that you should say to me ## +# Did I conceive all these people? Have I given them birth so that you should say to me -AT: "I am not the father of all these people, so it is not fair that you should say to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses used these questions to get God to think about the fact that Moses was not their father. AT: "I am not the father of all these people. So it is not fair that you should say to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Carry them closely to your chest as a father carries a baby ## +# Carry them closely to your chest as a father carries a baby -This means that Moses is to be responsible for the people who cannot take care of themselves, like a parent must care for an infant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This means that Moses is to be responsible for the people who cannot take care of themselves, as a parent must care for an infant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Should I carry them...to give them? ## +# Should I carry them ... to give them? -AT: "I am not able to carry them...to give them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not expect me to carry them ... to give them!" or "I am not able to carry them ... to give them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/13.md b/num/11/13.md index da6f49f11f..bf272a409a 100644 --- a/num/11/13.md +++ b/num/11/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Where can I find meat to give to all this people? ## +# Where can I find meat to give to all this people? -AT: "I can't possibly find enough meat to give to all these people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses used this question to complain that it was impossible for him to give meat to all the people. AT: "I cannot possibly find enough meat to give to all these people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## They are too much for me ## +# I cannot bear all these people alone -AT: "This responsibility is too much for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks of leading and providing for the people as if he were carrying them. AT: "I cannot provide for all these people alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They are too much for me + +This is an idiom. AT: "This responsibility is too difficult for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/16.md b/num/11/16.md index 0f3d56ca19..427006d7e5 100644 --- a/num/11/16.md +++ b/num/11/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## some of the Spirit ## +# some of the Spirit that is on you -Here the word "Spirit" refers to the ability that Yahweh had given to Moses to perform the duties that Yahweh had assigned to him. \ No newline at end of file +The "Spirit" here represents the power that God's Spirit had given to Moses so that Moses could do what God told him to do. AT: "some of the power that the Spirit has given you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will bear the burden of the people with you + +God speaks of the responsibility of leading and providing for the people as if it were a burden that Moses and the leaders would carry. AT: "They will help you care for the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You will not have to bear it alone + +God speaks of the responsibility of leading and providing for the people as if it were a burden that Moses and the leaders would carry. AT: "You will not care for them alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/18.md b/num/11/18.md index c1ddf1fe62..a0de6d3b8c 100644 --- a/num/11/18.md +++ b/num/11/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## prepare for Yahweh’s coming ## +# General Information: -"prepare yourselves for when Yahweh comes" +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## for you have wept in Yahweh’s hearing ## +# Who will give us meat to eat? -"for Yahweh has heard you weeping" +The Israelites had asked this question in order to complain and to express their desire for something other than manna to eat. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "We wish that we had meat to eat." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Who will give us meat to eat? ## +# until it comes out of your nostrils -The Israelites ask this question in order to complain and to express their desire for something other than manna to eat. AT: “We wish that we had meat to eat.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) God speaks of vomiting as if the food would come out through their nostrils. AT: "until you are sick and vomit" or 2) they would eat so much meat that it would be as if it would come out of their nostrils. AT: "until it feels like it would have to come out of your nostrils" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## until it comes out of your nostrils ## +# Why did we leave Egypt? -AT: "until you are nauseated and vomit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## Why did we leave Egypt? ## - -AT: "We never should have left Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people had used this question to express regret and to complain. AT: "We never should have left Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/21.md b/num/11/21.md index 575691bfed..05c7a56f98 100644 --- a/num/11/21.md +++ b/num/11/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## 600,000 people ## +# 600,000 people -AT: "six-hundred thousand people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"six hundred thousand people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Will we kill flocks and herds to satisfy them? Will we catch all the fish of the sea to satisfy them? ## +# Should we kill flocks and herds to satisfy them? Should we catch all the fish in the sea to satisfy them? -Moses asks these questions to express his doubt that there could be enough meat to feed all of the people. AT: "We would have to kill entire flocks and herds and catch all the fish of the sea to satisfy them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Moses uses these questions to express his doubt that there could be enough meat to feed all of the people. AT: "We would have to kill entire flocks and herds and catch all the fish in the sea to satisfy them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## flocks and herds ## +# flocks and herds -These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two words mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize a great number of animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## to satisfy them ## +# all the fish in the sea + +The word "all" is an exaggeration to show how impossible it was to provide food for all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# to satisfy them "to satisfy their hunger" -## Is my hand short? ## +# Is my hand short? -Here the word "hand" refers to power. AT: "Do you think that I am not powerful enough to do this?" or "I am more than strong enough to do this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hand" represents God's power. God uses this question to rebuke Moses for thinking that God did not have the power to provide enough meat for the people. AT: "Do you think that I am not powerful enough to do this?" or "You should know I am more than strong enough to do this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/24.md b/num/11/24.md index 705a92a31e..dfd6b6a276 100644 --- a/num/11/24.md +++ b/num/11/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## some of the Spirit...put it on the seventy elders ## +# Yahweh's words -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 11:16](./16.md). \ No newline at end of file +"what Yahweh had said" + +# some of the Spirit that was on Moses + +The "Spirit" here represents the power that God's Spirit had given to Moses. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 11:17](./16.md). AT: "some of the power that the Spirit had given to Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# put it on the seventy elders + +Giving power to the elders is spoken of as putting the Spirit on them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 11:17](./16.md). AT: "gave it to the seventy elders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# When the Spirit rested on them + +Having power from the Spirit is spoken of as if the Spirit rested on them. AT: "When they had power from the Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/26.md b/num/11/26.md index 06ba8082bc..a38ee3361f 100644 --- a/num/11/26.md +++ b/num/11/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Their names were written on the list ## +# The Spirit also rested on them -AT: "Moses had written their names on the list" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The Spirit giving them power is spoken of as if the Spirit rested on them. AT: "The Spirit also gave them power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Their names were written on the list + +This can be written in active form. AT: "Moses had written their names on the list" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/28.md b/num/11/28.md index 9429b0ac4f..5ab2198500 100644 --- a/num/11/28.md +++ b/num/11/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## stop them ## +# stop them -AT: "tell them to stop prophesying" +"tell them to stop prophesying" -## Are you jealous for my sake? ## +# Are you jealous for my sake? -Moses uses this question to rebuke Joshua. AT: "Do not be jealous for my sake." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses uses this question to rebuke Joshua. It can be translated as a statement, if necessary. AT: "You should not be jealous for my sake." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## jealous for my sake ## +# Are you jealous for my sake? -This means that Joshua was worried that Eldad and Medad posed a threat to Moses' authority. \ No newline at end of file +What Joshua might have been jealous about can be stated clearly if needed. AT: "Are you concerned that they might be taking away something that belongs to me?" or "Are you concerned that people will not respect my authority?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# that he would put his Spirit on them all + +Moses speaks of God's Spirit giving people power as if God were to put his Spirit on them. AT: "that God's Spirit would give them all power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/31.md b/num/11/31.md index bed99f43c6..0cbe55ba79 100644 --- a/num/11/31.md +++ b/num/11/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## about a day’s journey on one side and a day’s journey on the other side ## +# quail + +a small bird (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# about a day's journey on one side and a day's journey on the other side "in each direction for as far as a person could walk in one day" -## about two cubits ## +# about two cubits -A cubit is a unit of measurement equal to about 46 centimeters. AT: "about 92 centimeters" or "about 1 meter" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) +A cubit is a unit of measurement equal to about 46 centimeters. AT: "about 92 centimeters" or "about 1 meter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## No one gathered less than ten homers of quails ## +# No one gathered less than ten homers of quail -AT: "Everyone gathered at least ten homers of quails" +This is a double negative which can be expressed as a positive statement. AT: "Everyone gathered at least ten homers of quail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## ten homers ## +# ten homers -A homer is a unit of volume equal to about 220 liters. AT: "2,200 liters" or "2.2 cubit meters" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +A homer is a unit of volume equal to about 220 liters. AT: "2,200 liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/33.md b/num/11/33.md index b90309afb8..c85c3f7efa 100644 --- a/num/11/33.md +++ b/num/11/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## While the meat was still between their teeth, while they were chewing it ## +# While the meat was still between their teeth, while they were chewing it -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. AT: "While they were still eating the meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that God punished them immediately, even while they were eating the meat. AT: "While they were still eating the meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## between their teeth...were chewing it ## +# That place was named Kibroth Hattaavah -AT: "as they were eating it" These phrases describe the act of eating. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They named that place Kibroth Hattaavah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## That place was named Kibroth Hattaavah ## +# Hazeroth -AT: "They named that place Kibroth Hattaavah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/11/intro.md b/num/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7363c8624b --- /dev/null +++ b/num/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Numbers 11 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Complaining ##### +Moses complained about having too much responsibility. Therefore, God gave seventy men the spirit of prophecy to help Moses. The people complained about food, even though Yahweh was miraculously providing them with their food. The people complained because they did not have meat or fish to eat. God sent them quail. He punished some of the people, but it does not say why God did this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/12/01.md b/num/12/01.md index c6fec548d4..425a797d99 100644 --- a/num/12/01.md +++ b/num/12/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Has Yahweh spoken only with Moses? Has he not spoken also with us? ## +# Has Yahweh spoken only with Moses? Has he not spoken also with us? -Miriam and Aaron ask these questions to emphasize that Yahweh has spoken to them, also, and that they should have authority like Moses. AT: "Yahweh has not spoken only with Moses. He has also spoken with us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Miriam and Aaron use these questions to complain that Moses had so much authority and they did not. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "Yahweh has not spoken only with Moses. He has also spoken with us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Now Yahweh heard ## +# Now Yahweh heard -Here the word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. +The word "Now" hear draws attention to the important point that follows. -## Now the man Moses ## +# Now the man Moses -Here the word “now” is used to mark a break in the main storyline. The narrator tells background information about Moses' character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Now" is used to mark a break in the main story line. The narrator tells background information about Moses' character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/12/04.md b/num/12/04.md index a8f5a60ea2..465e594f4a 100644 --- a/num/12/04.md +++ b/num/12/04.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# a pillar of cloud + +The shape of the cloud is spoken of as if it were a pillar. AT: "a cloud shaped like a pillar" or "a tall cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/12/06.md b/num/12/06.md index 5f164e2d85..fbe12c9755 100644 --- a/num/12/06.md +++ b/num/12/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## My servant Moses is not like that ## +# My servant Moses is not like that -AT: "I do not speak to Moses like that" +"I do not speak to Moses like that" -## He is faithful in all my house ## +# He is faithful in all my house -Here the word "house" refers to the nation of Israel. AT: "Moses is the one whom I trust to lead Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "my house" represents the nation of Israel. Being faithful in God's house represents being faithful in leading Israel. AT: "Moses leads my people faithfully" or "Moses is the one whom I trust to lead my people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## So why are you unafraid to speak against my servant, against Moses? ## +# So why are you unafraid to speak against my servant, against Moses? -Yahweh asks this question to rebuke Miriam and Aaron. AT: "You should be afraid to speak against my servant, against Moses." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh asks this question to rebuke Miriam and Aaron. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should be afraid to speak against my servant, against Moses." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## against my servant, against Moses? ## +# against my servant, against Moses -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "against Moses" clarifies that he is the "servant" of whom Yahweh speaks. AT: "against my servant, Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/12/09.md b/num/12/09.md index db4058654b..87d7c93a64 100644 --- a/num/12/09.md +++ b/num/12/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Yahweh’s anger burned against them ## +# Yahweh's anger burned against them -AT: "Yahweh became very angry with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were a fire. AT: "Yahweh became very angry with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## as white as snow ## +# was as white as snow -Leprosy turned Miriam's skin white. \ No newline at end of file +Leprosy turned Miriam's skin white. AT: "became very white" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/12/11.md b/num/12/11.md index b6ac3ce03a..b8c98bea1d 100644 --- a/num/12/11.md +++ b/num/12/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Please do not let her be like a dead newborn whose flesh is half consumed when it emerges from its mother’s womb ## +# do not hold this sin against us -Aaron compares Miriam to a stillborn baby whose body is already decaying because the leprosy would cause her body to decay until she dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +To hold people's sin against them is to say that they are guilty for their sin. Here it represents punishing them for their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Please do not let her be like a dead newborn whose flesh is half consumed + +Miriam's leprosy would cause her body to decay until she died. The flesh being decayed is spoken of as if it were eaten. AT: "Please do not let her be like a dead newborn baby whose flesh is half decayed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/12/13.md b/num/12/13.md index 37e805fa49..66d9c47469 100644 --- a/num/12/13.md +++ b/num/12/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Please heal her, God, please ## +# Please heal her, God, please -Here the word "please" is repeated for emphasis. +Here "please" is repeated for emphasis. -## If her father had spit in her face ## +# If her father had spit in her face -This describes something that could have happened but did not. Spitting in someone's face was an act of insult and made the person who was spit upon unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +This describes something that could have happened but did not. Spitting in someone's face was a terrible insult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Miriam was shut outside the camp ## +# Miriam was shut outside the camp -AT: "Moses shut Miriam outside the camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Being sent out of the camp and not being allowed to go back in is spoken of as if there were a door that was closed behind her. AT: "Miriam was sent outside the camp" or "Miriam was kept outside the camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Miriam was shut outside the camp + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Moses shut Miriam outside the camp" or "Moses sent Miriam outside the camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/12/16.md b/num/12/16.md index a8bc220e5e..0cf0193b2e 100644 --- a/num/12/16.md +++ b/num/12/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Hazeroth ## +# Hazeroth -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a place in the desert. See how you translated it in [Numbers 11:35](../11/33.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/12/intro.md b/num/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cce2f05a99 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Numbers 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:6-8, which are an important quotation. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Idiom ##### + +God used the idiom "mouth to mouth" meaning "speaking directly with both people present." This indicated that Moses was more than just a prophet and greater than other prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/01.md b/num/13/01.md index 0133abd0fd..cef10b1ff2 100644 --- a/num/13/01.md +++ b/num/13/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Each man must be a leader among them ## +# which I have given + +God had decided that the land of Canaan would belong to the people of Israel, but they had not yet moved into it. AT: "which I have decided to give" or "which I will soon give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) + +# Each man must be a leader among them "Each man whom you send must be a leader among his tribe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/03.md b/num/13/03.md index 5858cd30e7..098cc48769 100644 --- a/num/13/03.md +++ b/num/13/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Shammua son of Zaccur ## +# Shammua son of Zaccur -These are men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/05.md b/num/13/05.md index 18cf42208d..6490118c21 100644 --- a/num/13/05.md +++ b/num/13/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## Shaphat, Hori, Jephunneh, Igal, Joseph, Nun ## +# Shaphat ... Hori ... Jephunneh ... Igal ... Joseph ... Nun -These are all men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -## Hoshea ## - -This is another spelling for "Joshua." \ No newline at end of file +These are all men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/09.md b/num/13/09.md index c5391aff7f..b0d4078b57 100644 --- a/num/13/09.md +++ b/num/13/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Palti, Raphu, Gaddiel, Sodi, Gaddi, Susi, Ammiel, Gemalli ## +# Palti ... Raphu ... Gaddiel ... Sodi ... Gaddi ... Susi ... Ammiel ... Gemalli These are all men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## namely ## +# from the tribe of Joseph (that is to say, from the tribe Manasseh) -"that is" \ No newline at end of file +The relationship between between Joseph and Manasseh can be stated clearly. AT: "from the tribe of Joseph's son Manasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/13.md b/num/13/13.md index 6c4a6e3af0..af64c74f08 100644 --- a/num/13/13.md +++ b/num/13/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Sethur, Michael, Nahbi, Vophsi, Geuel, Machi ## +# Sethur ... Michael ... Nahbi ... Vophsi ... Geuel ... Maki -These are all men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are all men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Hoshea son of Nun + +See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 13:8](./05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/17.md b/num/13/17.md index dcf1a2c634..b703f38c44 100644 --- a/num/13/17.md +++ b/num/13/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Is it good or bad? What cities are there? Are they like camps, or are they fortified cities? ## +# Is it good or bad? What cities are there? Are they like camps, or are they fortified cities? -Moses asks these questions to explain the kind of information that the men were to report back to him. AT: "See if the land is good or bad, what kind of cities are there, and whether those cities are only camps, or whether they have defensive walls around them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses asks these questions to explain the kind of information that the men were to report back to him. These can be expressed as a statement. AT: "See if the land is good or bad, what kind of cities are there, and whether those cities are only camps, or whether they have defensive walls around them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Are they like camps, or are they fortified cities + +Fortified cities had strong walls around them to protect them from enemy armies. Camps did not have these walls. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/21.md b/num/13/21.md index 456151417e..e9e72c9221 100644 --- a/num/13/21.md +++ b/num/13/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Zin, Rehob, Zoan ## +# Zin ... Rehob ... Zoan These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Hebron had been built seven years before Zoan in Egypt ## +# the wilderness of Zin -AT: "the Canaanites had built Hebron 7 years before the Egyptians built Zoan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +The word "Zin" here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -## Ahiman, Sheshai, Talmai, Anak ## +# Hebron had been built seven years before Zoan in Egypt -These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Canaanites had built Hebron 7 years before the Egyptians built Zoan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Ahiman ... Sheshai ... Talmai + +These are names of clans that were named after their ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Anak + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/23.md b/num/13/23.md index 6e81f78cb2..36b9376fdd 100644 --- a/num/13/23.md +++ b/num/13/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Eshcol ## +# Eshkol This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## between two of their group ## +# between two of their group "between two men of their group" -## That place was named ## +# That place was named -AT: "They named that place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They named that place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/25.md b/num/13/25.md index 13a651fd66..482e3f174a 100644 --- a/num/13/25.md +++ b/num/13/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## After forty days ## +# After forty days -AT: "After 40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"After 40 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## brought back word to them ## +# They brought back word -Here the word "them" refers to Moses and Aaron. \ No newline at end of file +Here "word" refers to a report. AT: "They brought back their report" or "They reported what they had seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/27.md b/num/13/27.md index c912cc8356..a1656f68d3 100644 --- a/num/13/27.md +++ b/num/13/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## It certainly flows with milk and honey ## +# It certainly flows with milk and honey -This means that the land will be rich and productive, so there will be enough food for everyone. AT: “It certainly is a land that is excellent for delicious food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Milk and honey certainly flow there." They spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. AT: "It is certainly excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" or "It is certainly very fertile land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# milk + +Since milk comes from cows and goats, it represents livestock and the food produced from the the livestock. AT: "food from livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# honey + +Since honey is produced from flowers, it represents crops and the food produced from the crops. AT: "food from crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/30.md b/num/13/30.md deleted file mode 100644 index a8f5a60ea2..0000000000 --- a/num/13/30.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/32.md b/num/13/32.md index a951f6e73d..c061980395 100644 --- a/num/13/32.md +++ b/num/13/32.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## they spread around...They said ## +# they spread around ... They said -Here the word "they" refers to all of the men who examined the land except for Caleb and Joshua. +Here "they" refers to all of the men who examined the land except for Caleb and Joshua. -## the land that they had examined ## +# the land that they had examined -Here the word "they" refers to all of the men who examined the land including Caleb and Joshua. +Here "they" refers to all of the men who examined the land including Caleb and Joshua. -## a land that eats up its inhabitants ## +# a land that eats up its inhabitants -The men say this in order to frighten the rest of the people. "Eats up" means to destroy. AT: "a land where the people will kill us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The men speak of the land, or the people of the land, being very dangerous as if the land ate up people. AT: "a very dangerous land" or "a land where the people will kill us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Anak ## +# Anak This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## In our own sight...in their sight ## +# In our own sight ... in their sight -AT: "In our own opinion...in their opinion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here sight represents evaluation and judgement. AT: "In our own opinion ... in their opinion" or "In our own judgement ... in their judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## we were like grasshoppers in comparison with them ## +# we were like grasshoppers in comparison with them -AT: "we are as small as grasshoppers in comparison with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The men speak of grasshoppers to show how very small they thought themselves to be compared to the people of the land. AT: "we are as small as grasshoppers in comparison with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/13/intro.md b/num/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..25d69af582 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 13 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Spies ##### + +Leaders from each of the tribes went to spy on the Promised Land in Canaan. Yahweh was not concerned with how many people were there, because he could defeat them. It appears that he is testing the faith of the people. The people were supposed to be excited to enter this wonderful land, instead they were afraid. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/01.md b/num/14/01.md index 5d7a910871..825cf5a6a0 100644 --- a/num/14/01.md +++ b/num/14/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Why did Yahweh bring us to this land to die by the sword? ## +# Why did Yahweh bring us to this land to die by the sword? -The people ask this question in order to complain and accuse Yahweh of treating them unfairly. AT: "Yahweh should not have brought us to this land only to die by the sword." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The people use this question in order to complain and accuse Yahweh of treating them unfairly. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Yahweh should not have brought us to this land only to die by the sword." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## to die by the sword ## +# to die by the sword -AT: "to die in battle" or "to have people kill us with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "the sword" represents either being killed by the sword or being killed in battle. AT: "to die when people attack us with swords" or "to die in battle" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Is it not better for us to return to Egypt? ## +# Is it not better for us to return to Egypt? -AT: "It is better for us to return to Egypt than to try to conquer Canaan." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people use this question to encourage people to agree with them that it would be better to return to Egypt. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "It would be better for us to return to Egypt than to try to conquer Canaan." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/04.md b/num/14/04.md index 9b65c28d9d..831ab7323c 100644 --- a/num/14/04.md +++ b/num/14/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## They said to each another ## +# They said to each another This refers to the people of Israel. -## lay face down ## +# lay facedown -This was a posture of submission and indicates that Aaron and Moses were praying to Yahweh and fearful of how he might react to the people's rebelling. \ No newline at end of file +"lay down with their faces touching the ground." Moses and Aaron did this to show that they were humbling themselves before God. They feared that God might punish the people for rebelling against him. AT: "lay facedown in humility to God" or "lay facedown to pray to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/06.md b/num/14/06.md index 9a9b21ab88..ec531bb41e 100644 --- a/num/14/06.md +++ b/num/14/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Nun, Jephunneh ## +# Nun ... Jephunneh These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## who were some of those sent ## +# who were some of those sent -AT: "who were some of those whom Moses sent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who were some of those whom Moses sent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## tore their clothes ## +# tore their clothes -Tearing one's clothes was a gesture of deep mourning. +Tearing one's clothes was a gesture indicating the person is very troubled and is mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## flows with milk and honey ## +# The land flows with milk and honey -See how you translated this in [Numbers 13:27](../13/27.md). \ No newline at end of file +They spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants flowed through it. See how you translated this in [Numbers 13:27](../13/27.md). AT: "It is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" or "It is very fertile land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/09.md b/num/14/09.md index 381b4f84f5..ebce9de623 100644 --- a/num/14/09.md +++ b/num/14/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## We will consume them as easily as food ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "We will destroy them as easily as we can eat food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Joshua and Caleb continue speaking to the people of Israel. -## Their protection will be removed from them ## +# We will consume them as easily as food -AT: "Yahweh will remove their protection from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Joshua and Caleb speak of destroying their enemies as if they were to eat them. AT: "We will destroy them as easily as we can eat food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Their protection will be removed from them + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will remove their protection from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Their protection + +The abstract noun "protection" can be stated as "protect." AT: "Anyone that might protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/11.md b/num/14/11.md index 05bded715e..050991aa20 100644 --- a/num/14/11.md +++ b/num/14/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## How long must this people despise me? How long must they fail to trust me, despite all the signs...? ## +# How long must this people despise me? How long must they fail to trust me, despite all the signs ... them? -Yahweh asks these questions because he has lost patience with the people. AT: "This people has despised me for too long. They have failed to trust me for too long, despite all the signs..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses these questions to show that he was angry and had lost patience with the people. They can be translated as statements. AT: "This people has despised me for too long. They have failed to trust me for too long, despite all the signs ... them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## disinherit them ## +# disinherit them -Possible meanings are "reject them from being my people" or "destroy them." +"reject them from being my people." This may imply that he would destroy them, and some versions translate it that way. -## make from your own clan ## +# make from your own clan -Here the word "your" is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "your" is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/13.md b/num/14/13.md index 9fc3a9142d..5d60acbe5f 100644 --- a/num/14/13.md +++ b/num/14/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## you are seen face to face ## +# you are seen face to face -AT: "they see you in person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) Moses speaks of God showing himself to his people as if God had allowed them to actually see his face. AT: "they have seen you" or 2) Moses speaks of the intimate relationship between him and God as if Moses could see God's face when God spoke to him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you speak directly to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/15.md b/num/14/15.md index 2a59be68ed..901b57d412 100644 --- a/num/14/15.md +++ b/num/14/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## as one person ## +# as one man -AT: "all at one time" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Killing them all at the same time is spoken of as killing them as one person. AT: "all at one time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/17.md b/num/14/17.md index a41a0333b9..172fbd3bd5 100644 --- a/num/14/17.md +++ b/num/14/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## He will by no means clear the guilty ## +# abundant in covenant faithfulness -AT: "He will always punish the guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "faithfully." AT: "always faithful to his covenant" or "always faithfully loves his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# He will by no means clear the guilty + +"he will certainly not clear guilty people." Clearing away people's sin is a metaphor for refusing to punish them. God would not clear away the sin of guilty people. AT: "He will always punish the guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when he brings the punishment of the ancestors' sin on their descendants + +Punishing people is spoken of as if punishment were an object that could be brought and put on people. AT: "when he punishes the guilty people's descendants for the guilty people's sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/20.md b/num/14/20.md index a85953dca8..5a313d3ae3 100644 --- a/num/14/20.md +++ b/num/14/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## all the earth will be filled with my glory ## +# all the earth will be filled with my glory -AT: "my glory will fill all the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "my glory will fill all the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## have not listened to my voice ## +# they have still tempted me -AT: "have not obeyed what I have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"they have continued to test me" + +# these ten times + +Here the number 10 represents too many times. AT: "too many times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# have not listened to my voice + +Here "listened" represents obedience, and God's voice represents what he said. AT: "have not obeyed what I have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/23.md b/num/14/23.md index ff82f2c35e..034fcb2134 100644 --- a/num/14/23.md +++ b/num/14/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## they will certainly not see the land...will see it ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "they will certainly not live in the land...will live in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## because he had another spirit ## +# because he had another spirit -Here the word “spirit” refers to Caleb's attitude. AT: “because he had a different attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "spirit" represents his attitude. Caleb was willing to obey God. What his attitude was can be stated clearly. AT: "because he had a different attitude" or "because he was willing to obey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/26.md b/num/14/26.md index e9aafd5583..ba6757418e 100644 --- a/num/14/26.md +++ b/num/14/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## How long must I tolerate this evil community that criticizes me? ## +# How long must I tolerate this evil community that criticizes me? -Yahweh asks this question because he has lost patience with the people. AT: "I have tolerated this evil community who criticizes me for long enough" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh asks this question because he has lost patience with the people. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "I have tolerated this evil community who has criticized me long enough." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I have heard the complaining of the people of Israel ## +# I have heard the complaining of the people of Israel -AT: "I have heard the people of Israel complain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "complaining," an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. AT: "I have heard the people of Israel complain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/28.md b/num/14/28.md index f0e2064292..8c4d0179bb 100644 --- a/num/14/28.md +++ b/num/14/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## as you have spoken in my hearing ## +# as you have spoken in my hearing -AT: "as I have heard what you have spoken" +"as I have heard you say" -## Your dead bodies will fall ## +# Your dead bodies will fall -AT: "You will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Their dead bodies falling represents them dying. AT: "You will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you who were counted in the census ## +# you who were counted in the census -AT: "you whom Moses counted in the census" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you whom Moses counted in the census" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from twenty years old and upward + +"twenty years old and older" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/31.md b/num/14/31.md index f06e93593e..c0ffc132cc 100644 --- a/num/14/31.md +++ b/num/14/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## your dead bodies will fall ## +# your dead bodies will fall -AT: "you will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Their dead bodies falling represents them dying. AT: "you will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## until the wilderness kills your bodies ## +# Your children will be shepherds in the wilderness -AT: "until you all are dead in the wilderness" \ No newline at end of file +Some modern versions choose to translate, "Your children will wander in the wilderness." This is because in ancient times, shepherds usually wandered from place to place so their flocks and herds could find pasture. + +# They must bear the consequences of your acts + +"They must suffer the consequences of your acts" or "They must suffer because of your acts" + +# until the end of your corpses + +A corpse is a dead body. The end of their corpses represents the last of the them dying. AT: "until the last one of you dies" or "until all of you die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/34.md b/num/14/34.md index e72fba8c0c..ee3223e8c9 100644 --- a/num/14/34.md +++ b/num/14/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## They will be consumed in this wilderness. Here they will die ## +# bear the consequences of your sins -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"suffer the consequences of your sins" or "suffer because of your sins" -## They will be consumed in this wilderness ## +# They will be completely cut off -AT: "This wilderness will cause them to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This probably means that they will no longer exist. AT: "they will come to an end" or "they will all be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/36.md b/num/14/36.md index 20623d4bb8..4e1664f62f 100644 --- a/num/14/36.md +++ b/num/14/36.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## by the plague before Yahweh ## +# General Information: -AT: "in the plague that Yahweh sent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The information in 14:36-37 has been rearranged in the UDB so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) + +# died of a plague before Yahweh + +"died by the plague in his presence." Because it says that they died in his presence, it is implied that he caused them to die. AT: "died in Yahweh's presence by the plague that he caused" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/39.md b/num/14/39.md index f8383ac225..f200f2cf8b 100644 --- a/num/14/39.md +++ b/num/14/39.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Look ## +# Look -The word “Look” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” \ No newline at end of file +"Look" here adds emphasis to what follows. "Indeed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/41.md b/num/14/41.md index b0641a5600..ae32a82477 100644 --- a/num/14/41.md +++ b/num/14/41.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Why are you now violating Yahweh’s command? ## +# Why are you now violating Yahweh's command? -Moses asks this question to rebuke the people of Israel. AT: "You should not be violating Yahweh's command again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses asks this question to rebuke the people of Israel. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not be violating Yahweh's command again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## to prevent you from being defeated by your enemies ## +# Yahweh is not with you -AT: "to prevent your enemies from defeating you" or "to give you victory over your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Helping them is spoken of as being with them. AT: "Yahweh will not help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you will die by the sword ## +# to prevent you from being defeated by your enemies -AT: "they will kill you with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to prevent your enemies from defeating you" or "to give you victory over your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you will die by the sword + +Here "the sword" refers to battle. AT: "you will die in battle" or "they will kill you when you fight against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you turned back from following Yahweh + +Obeying Yahweh is spoken of as following him, and stopping doing that is spoken of as turning away from him. AT: "you stopped obeying Yahweh" or "you have decided not to obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will not be with you + +Helping them is spoken of as being with them. AT: "he will not help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/44.md b/num/14/44.md index a7037ebad8..7bed2819e7 100644 --- a/num/14/44.md +++ b/num/14/44.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## they presumed to go up ## +# they presumed to go up into the hill country -"they dared to go up without Yahweh's approval" +"they dared to go up into the hill country even though God did not approve" -## into the hill country ## +# into the hill country Much of the land of Israel is elevated. When the Israelites crossed the Jordan River valley to attack the Canaanites, there were hills that they had to climb in order to go farther into the land of Canaan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/14/intro.md b/num/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..73d14d5e08 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Numbers 14 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +The author uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. These questions indicate that people did not have faith in Yahweh. Yahweh also uses rhetorical questions to show the people's lack of faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/01.md b/num/15/01.md index 4d93fd565d..3c82c4d02c 100644 --- a/num/15/01.md +++ b/num/15/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh ## +# General Information: -"to produce a smell that pleases Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +Numbers 15:1-32 tells what God told Moses to tell the people of Israel. + +# to produce a pleasing aroma for Yahweh from the herd or the flock + +"to produce from the herd or flock a smell that pleases Yahweh." The Lord's pleasure with the aroma represents his pleasure with the person who burns the offering. AT: "to please Yahweh by burning a sacrifice from the herd or the flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/04.md b/num/15/04.md index eef50de437..bb5287152e 100644 --- a/num/15/04.md +++ b/num/15/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## a tenth of an ephah ## +# a burnt offering -An ephah is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. AT: "about 2 liters" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +This refers to the offerings spoken of in [Numbers 15:3](./04.md). -## a fourth of a hin ## +# a tenth of an ephah -A hin is a unit of volume equal to about 3.7 liters. AT: "about 1 liter" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +An ephah is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. AT: "about 2 liters" or "two liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# one-fourth of a hin + +A hin is a unit of volume equal to about 3.7 liters. AT: "about 1 liter" or "one liter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/06.md b/num/15/06.md index 2fc3106eaa..5f94d9ab59 100644 --- a/num/15/06.md +++ b/num/15/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh ## +# two-tenths of an ephah -See how you translated this in [Numbers 15:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +An ephah is a unit of volume equal to about 22 liters. AT: "4 liters" or "four and a half liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a third of a hin + +A hin is a unit of volume equal to about 3.7 liters. AT: "one liter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# It will produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +"It will produce a smell that pleases Yahweh." The Lord's pleasure with the aroma represents his pleasure with the person who burns the offering. AT: "You will please Yahweh by offering it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/08.md b/num/15/08.md index da11797e48..0a78328b6f 100644 --- a/num/15/08.md +++ b/num/15/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## made by fire ## +# three-tenths of an ephah -AT: "that you burned on the altar" \ No newline at end of file +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "six and one half liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# half a hin + +You may convert this to a modern measure AT: "two liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you burn on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +"to produce a smell that pleases Yahweh." The Lord being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offers the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. AT: "to please Yahweh by offering it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/11.md b/num/15/11.md index 05789cc805..009db964c5 100644 --- a/num/15/11.md +++ b/num/15/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## It must be done ## +# It must be done -AT: "You must do it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must do it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## must be done as described ## +# must be done as described -AT: "you must do as I have described" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must do as I have described" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## made by fire ## +# made by fire -AT: "that you burned on the altar" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that they burn on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to produce an aroma that is pleasing to Yahweh + +"to produce a smell that pleases Yahweh." Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offers the sacrifice is spoken of as if Yahweh were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. AT: "to please Yahweh by offering it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/14.md b/num/15/14.md index c0be0730c5..8fd3dc3a55 100644 --- a/num/15/14.md +++ b/num/15/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## As you are, so also must be the traveler ## +# he must make an offering made by fire -AT: "You and the traveler are alike before Yahweh" or "The same law applies to both you and the traveler" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he must burn an offering on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## before Yahweh ## +# to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh -In order to obey Yahweh and please him. +"to produce a smell that pleases Yahweh." The Lord being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offers the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. AT: "to please Yahweh by offering it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## law and decree ## +# As you are, so also must be the traveler -These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "You and the traveler staying with you are alike before Yahweh" or 2) "The same law applies to both you and the traveler" + +# He must act as you act before Yahweh + +"He must act as you act in Yahweh's presence." Because it says that they must act as the Israelites in Yahweh's presence, it is implied that they must obey all of Yahweh's commands. AT: "he must act as you act and obey all of Yahweh's commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/17.md b/num/15/17.md index faac570479..11290f5a03 100644 --- a/num/15/17.md +++ b/num/15/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the food produced in the land ## +# the food produced in the land -AT: "the food that the land produces" or "the food that you produce in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the food that the land produces" or "the food that you produce in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/20.md b/num/15/20.md index 012b860aa5..4a353138ed 100644 --- a/num/15/20.md +++ b/num/15/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## to raise it up as a raised offering ## +# the first of your dough -AT: "to offer it as a contribution" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) the first grain that they would gather during the harvest or 2) the dough that they would make from the first of their grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a loaf + +Calling it a loaf implies that they would cooked the dough first. + +# to raise it up as a raised offering + +This idiom "raise it up" refers to offering it as a gift. AT: "to offer it as a gift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a raised offering from the threshing floor + +The offering is spoken of as being from the threshing floor because this is where they would separate the grain from the other parts of the plant. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/22.md b/num/15/22.md index d1059a12cd..9b71375e28 100644 --- a/num/15/22.md +++ b/num/15/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## must be made a grain offering ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "you must make a grain offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +God continues telling Moses what he must tell the people. -## as commanded by the decree ## +# General Information: -AT: "as the decree commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "you" here refers to Israelite people. + +# to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh + +"to produce a smell that pleases Yahweh." The Lord being pleased with the sincere worshipers who offer the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. AT: "to please Yahweh by burning it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# must be made a grain offering and drink offering + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must make a grain offering and drink offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as commanded by the decree + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as the decree commands" or "as I commanded when I made the decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/25.md b/num/15/25.md index 8fc6730781..aa38db3301 100644 --- a/num/15/25.md +++ b/num/15/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## They will be forgiven ## +# They will be forgiven -AT: "I will forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## made by fire ## +# made by fire -AT: "that you burned on the altar" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that they made by fire" or "that they burned on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## all the community of the people of Israel will be forgiven ## +# all the community of the people of Israel will be forgiven -AT: "I will forgive all the community of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will forgive all the community of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/27.md b/num/15/27.md index 7c16d4fdb6..5dee843f9e 100644 --- a/num/15/27.md +++ b/num/15/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## That person will be forgiven when atonement has been made ## +# a female goat a year old -AT: "I will forgive that person when the priest has made atonement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"a 1-year-old female goat" + +# That person will be forgiven when atonement has been made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will forgive that person when the priest has made atonement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/30.md b/num/15/30.md index 1bd9e17ae7..383dc00951 100644 --- a/num/15/30.md +++ b/num/15/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## That person must be cut off ## +# That person must be cut off from among his people -AT: "You must cut that person off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The metaphor "cut off" has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) "his people must send him away" or 2) "I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel" or 3) "his people must kill him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## His sin will be on him ## +# has broken my commandment -Here the word "sin" refers to the consequences of sin. AT: "He will suffer the consequences for his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Not obeying a commandment is spoken of as breaking it. AT: "has disobeyed my commandment" or "has not obeyed what I commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# His sin will be on him + +Here "sin" represents either 1) punishment for that sin or 2) guilt of that sin. Sin being on him is a metaphor for either 1) being punished or 2) being guilty. AT: 1) "I will punish him because of his sin" or 2) "I will consider him guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/32.md b/num/15/32.md index d514ad9f9c..ac26f22e20 100644 --- a/num/15/32.md +++ b/num/15/32.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## it had not been declared what should be done with him ## +# it had not been declared what should be done with him -AT: "Yahweh had not declared what they should do with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh had not declared what they should do with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/35.md b/num/15/35.md index c9dba82471..f3a83976a0 100644 --- a/num/15/35.md +++ b/num/15/35.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## The man must surely be put to death ## +# The man must surely be put to death -AT: "You must surely put the man to death" or "The man must surely die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must surely put the man to death" or "The man must surely die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/37.md b/num/15/37.md index b25fb963cc..af4c1b5470 100644 --- a/num/15/37.md +++ b/num/15/37.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## follow after your own heart and your own eyes ## +# the descendants of Israel -Here the words "heart" and "eyes" refer to what a person wants and thinks is right. AT: "do whatever you desire or think is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"the people of Israel" -## act like spiritual prostitutes ## +# to carry them out -AT: "act unfaithfully" or "worship false gods" \ No newline at end of file +"to obey them" + +# so that you do not look to your own heart and your own eyes + +"Look to" here is a metaphor for think about. The heart represents what a person wants, and the eyes represent what a person sees and wants. AT: "so that you do not think about whatever you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# prostitute yourselves to them + +Being unfaithful to God by choosing to do whatever they want is spoken of as if they were women who were unfaithful to their husband by choosing to have sinful relationships with other men. It can be stated clearly that this was a shameful thing to do. AT: "be shamefully unfaithful to me" or "do those things instead of obeying me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/40.md b/num/15/40.md index 2f28b1221c..52b4614530 100644 --- a/num/15/40.md +++ b/num/15/40.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## call to mind ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +God continues telling Moses what to tell the people of Israel. The word "you" refers to the people. -## I am Yahweh your God ## +# call to mind -This phrase is repeated for emphasis. \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I am Yahweh your God + +This clause is repeated for emphasis. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/15/intro.md b/num/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8936d34644 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Numbers 15 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Purifying the people ##### +As the people travel through the wilderness, Yahweh is purifying them. He is doing this so that they are able to enter into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Prostitution ##### + +The imagery of prostitution is commonly used in Scripture to indicate that Yahweh alone is to be worshiped. The people are compared to the prostitute because a husband is to only have a sexual relationship with his wife. Both the prostitute and the worship of other gods are violations of this exclusive relationship. Many cultures will struggle with this imagery because of a desire to use euphemisms. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/01.md b/num/16/01.md index bf39b5bb03..dd55829065 100644 --- a/num/16/01.md +++ b/num/16/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## rose up against Moses ## +# Kohath -AT: "rebelled against Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md). -## two hundred and fifty ## +# rose up against Moses + +Rebelling or criticizing someone in authority is spoken of as if they were standing up to fight. AT: "rebelled against Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# two hundred and fifty "250" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## who were well known members in the community ## +# well-known members in the community -AT: "members in the community whom everyone knew well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"famous members of the community" or "important men in the community" -## You take too much on yourselves ## +# You have gone too far -AT: "You take too much authority" +This represents doing more than one should. AT: "You have done more than you should" or "You assume to have more authority than you should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Why do you lift up yourselves above the rest of Yahweh’s community? ## +# Why do you lift up yourselves above the rest of Yahweh's community? -The men ask this question to rebuke Moses and Aaron. AT: "You are wrong to lift up yourselves above the rest of Yahweh's community." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The men ask this question to rebuke Moses and Aaron. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are wrong to lift up yourselves above the rest of Yahweh's community." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## lift up yourselves above ## +# lift up yourselves above the rest -AT: "make yourselves the only leaders of" or "make yourselves more important than" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Considering someone to be important is spoken of as lifting it up. AT: "consider yourselves more important than the rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/04.md b/num/16/04.md index cc449c117e..8d15d13075 100644 --- a/num/16/04.md +++ b/num/16/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## he lay face down ## +# he lay facedown -This was a posture of submission and indicates that Moses was praying to Yahweh and fearful of how he might react to the people's rebellion. +This indicates that Moses was humbling himself before God. He was afraid that God would punish the people for rebelling against God and his chosen leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## who is reserved for Yahweh ## +# who is set apart to him -AT: "whom Yahweh has reserved for himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## bring him up to himself ## - -Here the word "him" refers to the man whom Yahweh chooses and "himself" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Yahweh has set apart for himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/06.md b/num/16/06.md index c3f6e3ee59..ed4c9f2c7c 100644 --- a/num/16/06.md +++ b/num/16/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## censers ## +# Connecting Statement: -A censer is a container that people use to burn incense. +Moses continues speaking to Korah and the men who were with Korah. -## before Yahweh ## +# censers -AT: "in Yahweh's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +containers in which to burn incense -## the one reserved for him ## +# before Yahweh -AT: "the one whom Yahweh has reserved for himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "in Yahweh's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## You have gone too far ## +# that man will be set apart to Yahweh -These are the same words that the men use to accuse Moses and Aaron in [Numbers 16:1](./01.md). AT: "It is you who are trying to use more authority than you should" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will set apart that man for himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You have gone too far + +This represents doing more than one should. AT: "You have done more than you should" or "You assume to have more authority than you should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/08.md b/num/16/08.md index ea4871156f..d4390173bb 100644 --- a/num/16/08.md +++ b/num/16/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## is it a small thing for you...to serve them? ## +# is it a small thing for you ... to serve them? -Moses asks this question to rebuke Korah. AT: "it is a great thing for you...to serve them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses uses this question to rebuke Korah and the men with him. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You behave as though it it is a small thing for you ... to serve them!" or "You should not consider it a small thing ... to serve them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## you are seeking the priesthood also ## +# a small thing for you -Moses uses this phrase as a rebuke, since this is something that they should not be doing. AT: "you want to be priests also" +"not enough for you" or "unimportant to you" -## So why are you complaining about Aaron, who obeys Yahweh? ## +# you are seeking the priesthood also -AT: "You should not be complaining about Aaron, who obeys Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Wanting to have the priesthood is spoken of as if they were looking for it. AT: "you want to have the priesthood too" or "you want to be priests also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# So why are you complaining about Aaron, who obeys Yahweh? + +Moses uses this question to show them that when they complain about what Aaron does, they are really complaining against Yahweh, because Aaron was doing what Yahweh told him to do. AT: "You are not really complaining about Aaron, but about Yahweh, whom Aaron obeys!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/12.md b/num/16/12.md index ed1d16ec4c..716b30e3a6 100644 --- a/num/16/12.md +++ b/num/16/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Is it a small thing that you have brought us up out of a land flowing with milk and honey, to kill us in the wilderness ## +# Is it a small thing that you have brought us ... to kill us in the wilderness -Dathan and Abiram ask this question to rebuke Moses. AT: "You act as if it was not enough for you to bring us up out of a land flowing with milk and honey in order to kill us in the wilderness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Dathan and Abiram use this question to rebuke Moses. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You behave as though it was a small thing for you to bring us ... so that we can die in the wilderness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## flowing with milk and honey ## +# a small thing -See how you translated this in [Numbers 13:27](../13/27.md). +"not enough" or "unimportant" -## Now do you want to blind us with empty promises? ## +# a land flowing with milk and honey -AT: "Now we think that you want to blind us with empty promises." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +They spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Numbers 14:08](../14/06.md). AT: "that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" or "a very fertile land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## blind us with empty promises ## +# as an inheritance -AT: "deceive us with promises that you can't keep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +They spoke of what God would give them to be theirs forever as if it were an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Now do you want to blind us with empty promises? + +The people used this question to accuse Moses. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Now you want to blind us with empty promises." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to blind us + +Deceiving people is spoken of as making them blind. AT: "to deceive us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with empty promises + +They speak of promises that are not kept as if they are empty containers. AT: "with promises that you do not keep" or "by promising to do things that you do not do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/15.md b/num/16/15.md index 12c435c68d..7e25746c2e 100644 --- a/num/16/15.md +++ b/num/16/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Each of you must take ## +# I have not taken one donkey from them -Here the word "you" is plural and refers to Korah, his company, and Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +One donkey here represents anything that a person my take from someone else. AT: "I have not taken anything from them, not even one donkey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## censer ## +# censer -A censer is a container that people use to burn incense. \ No newline at end of file +a container in which to burn incense \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/18.md b/num/16/18.md deleted file mode 100644 index a8f5a60ea2..0000000000 --- a/num/16/18.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/20.md b/num/16/20.md index 1e1f9d91b3..7964fb5b87 100644 --- a/num/16/20.md +++ b/num/16/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## from among this community ## +# that I may consume them -Here the word "community" refers to the 250 men whom Korah gathered at the tabernacle. +Destroying them is spoken of as if God were to eat them. AT: "that I may destroy them" or "and I will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## lay face down ## +# lay facedown -This was a posture of submission and indicates that Moses and Aaron were praying to Yahweh. +This shows that Moses and Aaron were humbling themselves before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## the God of the spirits of all humanity ## +# the God of the spirits of all humanity -Here the word "spirits" refers either to breath or life-force. AT: "the God who gives life to all humanity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "spirits" represents the ability to live. AT: "the God who gives life to all humanity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## if one man sins, must you be angry with all the community? ## +# if one man sins, must you be angry with all the community? -AT: "please do not be angry with all the community because one man sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses and Aaron use this question to plead with God for the people. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "please do not be angry with all the community because one man sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/23.md b/num/16/23.md deleted file mode 100644 index a8f5a60ea2..0000000000 --- a/num/16/23.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/25.md b/num/16/25.md index 21f7a71571..15a54554ef 100644 --- a/num/16/25.md +++ b/num/16/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## you will be consumed by all their sins ## +# you will be consumed -AT: "all their sins will destroy you" or "Yahweh will destroy you because of all their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Being destroyed is spoken of as if they would be eaten. AT: "you will be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will be consumed by all their sins + +Being destroyed because of their sins is spoken of as if the sins would destroy them. AT: "you will be destroyed because of all their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will be consumed by all their sins + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all their sins will destroy you" or "Yahweh will destroy you because of all their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/28.md b/num/16/28.md index 5630d61f34..f7a4d8121c 100644 --- a/num/16/28.md +++ b/num/16/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## By this you will know ## +# By this you will know -Here the word "this" refers to what Moses will say next. +Here "this" refers to what Moses will say next. -## swallows them up like a large mouth ## +# that swallows them up like a large mouth -Moses compares the opening in the ground into which these people will fall with a large mouth that will eat them as if they were food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks as if the earth were alive and the opening in the ground into which these people would fall were a large mouth that would eat them. AT: "and they fall into it and are buried underneath the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/31.md b/num/16/31.md index c63a95b282..7039497c2d 100644 --- a/num/16/31.md +++ b/num/16/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## The earth opened its mouth and swallowed them ## +# The earth opened its mouth and swallowed them -Moses speaks of the earth as if it were a person eating food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses speaks of the earth as if it were alive, and the hole that the people fell into as if it were the earth's mouth. AT: "The earth opened up like a large mouth, and they fell into it and were buried in it" or "There was a giant hole in the ground, and they fell into it and were buried in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/33.md b/num/16/33.md index 807c97309a..d0f169f62f 100644 --- a/num/16/33.md +++ b/num/16/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## down alive into sheol ## +# went down alive into Sheol -See how you translated this in [Numbers 16:28](./28.md). +A similar phrase occurs in [Numbers 16:30](./28.md). See how you translated it there. -## They exclaimed ## +# They exclaimed -Here the word "They" refers to "All Israel." \ No newline at end of file +"They" refers to "All Israel." + +# The earth may swallow us up also + +The people speak of the earth as if it were alive. AT: "The earth might open up and we too will fall into it" or "If the earth opens up again, we too will fall into it and be buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fire flashed out from Yahweh and devoured the 250 men + +Being destroyed by fire is spoken of as if they were eaten by the fire. AT: "fire flashed out from Yahweh and destroyed the 250 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# 250 men + +"two hundred and fifty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/36.md b/num/16/36.md index c79d77c6a8..ee432cae6e 100644 --- a/num/16/36.md +++ b/num/16/36.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## those who lost their lives ## +# out of the flames -AT: "those who died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] ) +This refers to the flames that burned the 250 men. -## Let them be made ## +# those who lost their lives -Here the word "them" refers to the censers. AT: "Let Eleazar make them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Losing their lives represents dying. AT: "those who died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## they are holy…They will be a sign ## +# Let them be made -Here the word "they" refers to the censers. \ No newline at end of file +Here "them" refers to the censers. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let Eleazar make them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they are set apart ... They will be a sign + +Here "they" and "They" refer to the censers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/39.md b/num/16/39.md index 0c364bb9e6..e855310eed 100644 --- a/num/16/39.md +++ b/num/16/39.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## that had been used by the men who were burned up ## +# that had been used by the men who were burned up -AT: "that the men whom the fire had burned up had used" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the men whom the fire had burned up had used" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## become like Korah and his group ## +# become like Korah and his group -AT: "die like Korah and his group had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +How they might become like them can be stated clearly. AT "die as Korah and his group had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/41.md b/num/16/41.md index 230c76f352..ce6aea7f7e 100644 --- a/num/16/41.md +++ b/num/16/41.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Then it happened ## +# Then it happened This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## behold ## +# had assembled against Moses and Aaron -The word "behold" here shows that the people were surprised by what they saw. AT: “Suddenly” \ No newline at end of file +"had assembled to complain against Moses and Aaron" + +# behold + +"suddenly." Here "behold" shows that the people were surprised by what they saw. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/44.md b/num/16/44.md index d10927e97d..d2a146d4ac 100644 --- a/num/16/44.md +++ b/num/16/44.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## lay face down ## +# so that I may consume them -This was a posture of submission and indicates that Moses and Aaron were praying to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +God speaks of destroying them as if he would eat them. AT: "so that I may destroy them" or "and I will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lay down with their faces to the ground + +This indicates that Moses and Aaron are humbling themselves before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# anger is coming from Yahweh + +Anger coming from God represents God showing his anger. AT: "Yahweh is showing us his anger" or "Yahweh is very angry and is acting according to his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/47.md b/num/16/47.md index fc6b1c8a42..38ceed4352 100644 --- a/num/16/47.md +++ b/num/16/47.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the plague was stopped ## +# he put in the incense -AT: "Aaron stopped the plague" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Putting the incense in the censer here represents burning it. AT: "he burned the incense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the plague was stopped + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the plague stopped spreading" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/49.md b/num/16/49.md index a8f5a60ea2..b3b33a4eb6 100644 --- a/num/16/49.md +++ b/num/16/49.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# 14,700 in number + +"fourteen thousand seven hundred in number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/16/intro.md b/num/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f2a404200e --- /dev/null +++ b/num/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 16 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Rebellion and punishment ##### + +A certain Levite and a few men from the tribe of Reuben claimed that they were just as good as Moses and Aaron, and they also could do the work of sacrificing animals at the sacred tent. So Moses told them to come to the sacred tent and burn incense to Yahweh. God then made the earth open and swallow up these leaders and their families. He also sent fire to destroy 250 other men who had joined with those leaders. These actions showed that only the Levites, those whom Yahweh appointed, could be priests. Also, it taught the people that to rebel against Yahweh's anointed was to rebel against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/17/01.md b/num/17/01.md index 21e1f47272..df084c2bcc 100644 --- a/num/17/01.md +++ b/num/17/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## Take twelve staffs, one from each leader chosen from each tribe ## +# twelve -This sentence repeats the previous sentence for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## chosen from each tribe ## - -AT: "whom you will choose from each tribe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/17/03.md b/num/17/03.md index bf74aaa5e9..b2cd0b15a0 100644 --- a/num/17/03.md +++ b/num/17/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## for each leader from his ancestors’ tribe ## +# Connecting Statement: -Here the word "his" refers to "each leader." +Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## the staff...will bud ## +# Levi's staff -"the staff...will blossom" +The name Levi here refers to the tribe of Levi. -## cause the complaints from the people of Israel to stop, which they are speaking against you ## +# for each leader from his ancestors' tribe -AT: "make the people of Israel stop complaining against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "his" refers to "each leader." + +# the covenant decrees + +The phrase "the covenant decrees" refers to the box that held the tablets that the covenant decrees were written on. AT: "the ark of the covenant" or "the box that holds the covenant decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the staff of the man whom I choose will bud + +"buds will start to grow on the staff of the man whom I choose" + +# cause the complaints from the people of Israel to stop, which they are speaking against you + +Here "complaints" is an abstract noun that can be expressed as a verb. AT: "make the people of Israel stop complaining against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/17/06.md b/num/17/06.md index a53c9a81f8..6089faac04 100644 --- a/num/17/06.md +++ b/num/17/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## selected from each of the ancestor's tribes ## +# selected from each of the ancestral tribes -AT: "whom Moses selected from each of the ancestor's tribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Moses selected from each of the ancestor's tribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the tent of the covenant decrees + +The phrase "the covenant decrees" refers to the box that held the tablets that the covenant decrees were written on. AT: "the tent of the covenant box" or "the tent that the covenant decrees are in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/17/08.md b/num/17/08.md index e4034cb418..0a70ee2633 100644 --- a/num/17/08.md +++ b/num/17/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here shows that something especially important has happened. You might have a similar word in your language. \ No newline at end of file +The word "behold" here shows that something especially important has happened. You might have a similar word in your language. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/17/10.md b/num/17/10.md index 21d07cf7ab..a632a947f9 100644 --- a/num/17/10.md +++ b/num/17/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## so that you may end complaints against me ## +# the covenant decrees -AT: "so that you may stop them from complaining against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "the covenant decrees" refers to the box that held the tablets that the covenant decrees were written on. AT: "the ark of the covenant" or "the box that holds the covenant decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# so that you may end complaints against me + +The word "complaints" is an abstract noun that can be expressed as a verb. AT: "so that you may stop them from complaining against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# or they will die + +This is what would happen if the people were to continue complaining. God wanted to prevent this. AT: "so that they will not die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/17/12.md b/num/17/12.md index 4101c80798..051fe9a8ec 100644 --- a/num/17/12.md +++ b/num/17/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## We will die here. We will all perish! ## +# We will die here. We will all perish! -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## Must we all perish? ## - -The people ask this question out of fear. AT: "We are afraid that we will all perish." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/17/intro.md b/num/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..64bbf54d88 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 17 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Which tribe should be special workers for God? ##### + +God told Moses that each tribe should bring one wooden staff and leave it overnight at the temple. The next day Aaron's staff representing the tribe of Levi bloomed and produced ripe almond nuts. This showed that the tribe of Levi was still the tribe chosen to be Yahweh's priests. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/01.md b/num/18/01.md index dad8b1e6db..f7b7567b94 100644 --- a/num/18/01.md +++ b/num/18/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## all sins committed ## +# all sins committed against the sanctuary -AT: "all sins that anyone commits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all sins that anyone commits against the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## anyone in the priesthood ## +# all sins committed by anyone in the priesthood -AT: "any priest" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all sins that anyone in the priesthood commits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# anyone in the priesthood + +"any priest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/03.md b/num/18/03.md index c21ea27a55..0bf1eb252f 100644 --- a/num/18/03.md +++ b/num/18/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## They must serve you...They must join you ## +# Connecting Statement: -Here the word "They" refers to members of the tribe of Levi; the word "you" is singular and refers to Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Yahweh continues speaking to Aaron. -## or they and also you will die ## +# They must serve you ... They must join you -Here the word "they" refers to any member of the tribe of Levi who comes "near to anything in the sanctuary"; the word "you" is plural and refers to both Aaron and the rest of the Levites who are serving in approved roles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pluralpronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"They" refers to members of the tribe of Levi; the word "you" is singular and refers to Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## not come near you. You must take responsibility ## +# or they and also you will die -Here the word "you" is plural and refers to both Aaron and the rest of the Levites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here "they" refers to any member of the tribe of Levi who comes "near to anything in the sanctuary;" the word "you" is plural and refers to both Aaron and the rest of the Levites who are serving in approved roles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## my anger does not come on the people of Israel again ## +# not come near you. You must take responsibility -Here the word "anger" refers to God's punishment. AT: "I do not punish the people of Israel again because I am angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "you" is plural and refers to both Aaron and the rest of the Levites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# so that my anger does not come on the people of Israel again + +Possible meanings are 1) this represents God being extremely angry with his people. AT: "so that I do not become very angry with the people of Israel again" or 2) this represents God punishing them because of his anger. AT: "so that I do not punish the people of Israel again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/06.md b/num/18/06.md index bf80a7a96f..df27a68970 100644 --- a/num/18/06.md +++ b/num/18/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## They are a gift to you, given to me ## +# Connecting Statement: -Yahweh has given the Levites as helpers to Aaron and his sons; as workers in the tent of meeting, the Levites give themselves to Yahweh. +Yahweh continues speaking to Aaron. -## given to me ## +# They are a gift to you -AT: "who also give themselves to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Yahweh appointing the Levites to help Aaron is spoken of as if they were a gift that Yahweh were giving to Aaron. AT: "They are like a gift to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## only you and your sons ## +# given to me -Here the words "you" and "your" are singular and refer to Aaron. Other occurrences of "you" and "your" are plural and refer to Aaron and his sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here "given" to God represents being set apart to serve God. This can be stated in active form. AT: "which I have set apart for myself" or "and I have set them apart for myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## exercise the priesthood ## +# only you and your sons -"carry out the responsibilities of a priest" +Here "you" and "your" are singular and refer to Aaron. Other occurrences of "you" and "your" are plural and refer to Aaron and his sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Any foreigner who approaches must be put to death ## +# exercise the priesthood -AT: "Any foreigner who approaches must die" or "You must put to death any foreigner who approaches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"do the work of priests" + +# everything inside the curtain + +Being inside the curtain represents being inside the room behind the curtain. AT: "everything in the room behind the curtain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Any foreigner who approaches must be put to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Any foreigner who approaches must die" or "You must put to death any foreigner who approaches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who approaches + +What they should not approach can be stated clearly. AT: "who approaches the sacred things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/08.md b/num/18/08.md index 86be14f410..d00359841f 100644 --- a/num/18/08.md +++ b/num/18/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the offerings raised up to me ## +# the offerings raised up to me -To raise something up is to make a contribution. AT: "the offerings that people contribute to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "raised up to me" represents giving or offering something to God. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the offerings that people give to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that are not completely burned up ## +# I have given these offerings to you -AT: "that you do not completely burn on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +God speaks as if he had already done this because it is a decision that he had already made. AT: "I give these offerings to you" + +# as your ongoing share + +A share is a portion of something that someone receives. AT: "as the portion that you will continually receive" + +# kept from the fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you do not completely burn on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/10.md b/num/18/10.md index 5e386b7a75..a15ca543c8 100644 --- a/num/18/10.md +++ b/num/18/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,3 @@ -## They must be regarded by you ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "You must regard them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## gifts that are set apart ## - -AT: "gifts that you have set apart" or "gifts that I have set apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## offerings that have been raised high before me and presented to me ## - -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## that have been raised high...and presented ## - -AT: "that you have raised high...and presented" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +God continues speaking to Aaron. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/12.md b/num/18/12.md index a8f5a60ea2..5aa2352bd1 100644 --- a/num/18/12.md +++ b/num/18/12.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +God continues speaking to Aaron. + +# the firstfruits + +This refers to the first of the best oil, wine, and grain that they harvest. + +# Everyone who is clean in your family + +Being acceptable to God is spoken of as if they were clean. AT: "Everyone in your family who is acceptable to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/14.md b/num/18/14.md index 6ce94be1c7..4d34761d3f 100644 --- a/num/18/14.md +++ b/num/18/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## Everything that opens the womb, all the firstborn ## +# Connecting Statement: -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +God continues speaking to Aaron. -## Everything that opens the womb ## +# Everything that opens the womb, all the firstborn -This refers to the first male to which a mother gives birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. AT: "Every firstborn male" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Those that are to be bought back by the people ## +# Everything that opens the womb -AT: "Those that the people are to buy back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The idiom "opens the womb" means to be the first male that a mother gives birth to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## must be bought back after becoming one month old ## +# the people must certainly buy back every firstborn son -AT: "the people must buy them back after the firstborn become one month old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Instead of sacrificing their firstborn sons, people had to pay the priests for their sons. -## five shekels ## +# Those that are to be bought back by the people must be bought back after becoming one month old -A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people must buy them back when they become one month old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## twenty gerahs ## +# Those that are to be bought back -One shekel equals 20 gerahs. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalweight]]) \ No newline at end of file +Most likely this refers only to firstborn humans that must be bought back and not to firstborn unclean animals. + +# five shekels ... which equals twenty gerahs + +If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. AT: "five pieces of silver ... each of which equals ten grams" or "fifty grams of silver, using the standard weights that are used in the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) + +# five shekels + +A shekel is a unit of weight. What was weighed can be stated clearly. AT: "five shekels of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# sanctuary shekel + +There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. It weighed twenty gerahs, which was about 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/17.md b/num/18/17.md index 01c103d1cd..9145c9d04b 100644 --- a/num/18/17.md +++ b/num/18/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## made by fire ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "that you burn with fire on the altar" +God continues speaking to Aaron. -## to produce a sweet aroma ## +# You must sprinkle their blood -See how you translated this in [Numbers 15:1](../15/01.md). +That he must kill the animals first can be stated clearly. AT: "You must kill them and sprinkle their blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the raised breast and the right thigh ## +# made by fire -AT: "the breast and the thigh that you raise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you make by fire" or "that you burn with fire on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# an aroma pleasing to Yahweh + +The Lord's pleasure with the aroma represents his pleasure with the person who burns the offering. AT: "and Yahweh will be pleased with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the raised breast and the right thigh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the breast and the right thigh that you lift up as a gift to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/19.md b/num/18/19.md index 7f0c254fee..cfafbf9d5d 100644 --- a/num/18/19.md +++ b/num/18/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## All the presented offerings of holy things that the people of Israel offer to me ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "All the offerings of holy things that the people of Israel present and offer to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +God continues speaking to Aaron. -## a covenant of salt, a binding covenant forever ## +# I have given to you -The two phrases say much the same thing. The first emphasizes the second. AT: "an agreement forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +God speaks as if he had already done this because it is a decision that he had already made. AT: "I give to you" + +# as a continual share + +A share is a portion of something that someone receives. AT: "as the portion that you will continually receive" + +# an everlasting covenant of salt ... a binding covenant forever + +The two phrases refer to the same thing. Together they emphasize that the covenant will endure forever. AT: "an agreement forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# an everlasting covenant of salt + +"a covenant made with salt." Salt represented permanence and was used in offerings and covenant meals. AT: "a permanent covenant" or "an everlasting covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# You will have no inheritance in the people's land + +God speaks of the land that the other people will possess as if they will inherit it. AT: "You will not possess any of the people's land" or "You will not receive any of the land that the Israelites will possess" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am your share and inheritance + +God speaks of the great honor that Aaron and his descendants will have by serving him as priests as if God were something that they will inherit. AT: "Instead, I am what you will have" or "Instead, I will allow you to serve me and I will provide for you through that service" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/21.md b/num/18/21.md index ab88bd695b..70d4c73003 100644 --- a/num/18/21.md +++ b/num/18/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## look, I have given ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "look" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "indeed, I have given" \ No newline at end of file +God continues speaking to Aaron. + +# look, I have given + +The word "look" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "indeed, I have given" + +# as their inheritance + +God speaks of what Aaron and his descendants will receive as if they will inherit it. AT: "as their portion of what I give to all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/23.md b/num/18/23.md index f8e660402b..ae9d548f1f 100644 --- a/num/18/23.md +++ b/num/18/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## which they offer as a presented offering to me ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "which they present to me as an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +God continues speaking to Aaron. + +# Among the people of Israel they must have no inheritance + +God speaks of the land that the other people of Israel will possess as if they will inherit it. The Levites would not receive any of the land. AT: "they must not have any of the land that the other people of Israel receive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as their inheritance + +God speaks of what Aaron and his descendants will receive as if they will inherit it. AT: "as their portion of what I give to all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/25.md b/num/18/25.md index 10059273af..a97d692bb1 100644 --- a/num/18/25.md +++ b/num/18/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Your presented offering must be considered by you ## +# When you receive from the people of Israel the tenth that I have given to you from them -AT: "You must consider the offering that you present" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people of Israel would offer Yahweh a tenth of their crops and animals, and Yahweh would give that to the Levites. + +# for your inheritance + +God speaks of what Aaron and his descendants will receive as if they will inherit it. AT: "as your portion of what I give to all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your contribution must be considered by you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must consider your contribution" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/28.md b/num/18/28.md index 3cf43b1d6b..183e28c11f 100644 --- a/num/18/28.md +++ b/num/18/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## must make a presented offering ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "must present an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +God continues tell Moses what he must tell the Levites. -## give his presented offering to Aaron ## +# you must give his contribution to Aaron the priest -Here the word "his" refers to Yahweh. +Here "his" refers to Yahweh. It was Yahweh's contribution in the sense that they had to give it to Yahweh. AT: "you must give Aaron the priest the contribution that you owe Yahweh" -## Out of all the gifts you receive, you must make ## +# that have been given to you -AT: "From every offering that you receive from the people, you must take 10 percent to offer to Yahweh as your own offering to Yahweh" - -## that have been given to you ## - -AT: "that the people of Israel have given to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the people of Israel give to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/30.md b/num/18/30.md index 6893f0a922..3bea2bd60e 100644 --- a/num/18/30.md +++ b/num/18/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## it must be considered by the Levites ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "the Levites must consider it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +God continues speaking to Moses. + +# the best of it + +"the best of what you have received from the people of Israel" + +# the rest of your gifts + +The "gifts" are the offerings that the Israelites give to God and that the Levites receive from them. + +# You will not incur any guilt by eating and drinking it + +"You will not be guilty when you eat and drink it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/18/intro.md b/num/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b17a4a2aa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 18 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Tithes and offerings ##### + +The tribes of Israel were required to bring a tithe to the Levites in order to free them to serve Yahweh as priests. There is a detailed description of what belonged to Yahweh in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/01.md b/num/19/01.md index 8f92f37436..116cff41b6 100644 --- a/num/19/01.md +++ b/num/19/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## a statute, a law ## +# a statute, a law -These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two words share similar meanings. AT: "a statute of the law" or "a legal statute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## bring to you ## +# bring to you -Here the word "you" is singular and refers to Moses. +Here "you" is singular and refers to Moses. -## flaw or blemish ## +# flaw or blemish -These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this animal is to have no imperfections. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/03.md b/num/19/03.md index a8f5a60ea2..b143b7e8af 100644 --- a/num/19/03.md +++ b/num/19/03.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# in his sight + +"in his view" or "so he could see it" + +# priest must take cedarwood + +"The priest" refers to Eleazar. + +# scarlet wool + +"red wool" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/07.md b/num/19/07.md index f3d7ee9c53..5f1af35e68 100644 --- a/num/19/07.md +++ b/num/19/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Then he must wash his clothes ## +# Then he must wash his clothes -Here the word "he" refers to Eleazar the priest. \ No newline at end of file +Here "he" refers to Eleazar the priest. + +# he will remain unclean + +Being unacceptable to God or unfit to do any sacred work is spoken of as not being clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/09.md b/num/19/09.md index c4dabdfc94..0b3d089a58 100644 --- a/num/19/09.md +++ b/num/19/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## These ashes must be kept ## +# Someone who is clean -AT: "You must keep these ashes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Being acceptable to God and fit to do sacred work is spoken of as being clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# These ashes must be kept + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must keep these ashes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in a clean place + +Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will remain unclean + +Being unacceptable to God or unfit to do any sacred work is spoken of as not being clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/11.md b/num/19/11.md index 5dfbd40afe..b38e4caad2 100644 --- a/num/19/11.md +++ b/num/19/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## a dead person, the body of a man who has died ## +# General Information: -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The ideas of "clean" and "purify" represent being acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## That person must be cut off ## +# General Information: -AT: "You must excommunicate that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The ideas of "unclean," "defile," "impurity," and "uncleanness" represent not being acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## cut ... off ## +# the dead body of any man -"consider them not to be part of the nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"the dead body of any person" -## the water for impurity was not sprinkled on him ## +# purify himself -AT: "no one sprinkled the water for impurity on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The person would ask someone who is clean to purify him by sprinkling on him some water mixed with the cows ashes. Asking someone to purify him is spoken of as if he were to purify himself. AT: "ask someone to purify him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He will remain unclean; his uncleanness will remain on him ## +# if he does not purify himself the third day, then he will not be clean on the seventh day + +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "he will be clean on the seventh day only if he purifies himself the third day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# That person must be cut off + +Here the phrase "be cut off" means to be disowned and sent away. See how you translated this in [Numbers 9:13](../09/13.md). AT: "That person must be sent away" or "you must send that person away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the water for impurity was not sprinkled on him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one sprinkled the water for impurity on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the water for impurity + +"the water that is sprinkled on impure things to make them pure" or "the water for making things pure" + +# He will remain unclean; his uncleanness will remain on him These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/14.md b/num/19/14.md index db23203d5f..9ca150ebc3 100644 --- a/num/19/14.md +++ b/num/19/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## someone who has been killed with a sword ## +# General Information: -AT: "someone whom someone else has killed with a sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The idea of "unclean" represents not being acceptable to God or fit for use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Every open container with no cover becomes unclean + +This can be stated in a positive form. AT: "Open containers will remain clean only if they have covers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# someone who has been killed with a sword + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone whom someone else has killed with a sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/17.md b/num/19/17.md index a8f5a60ea2..b29f413f54 100644 --- a/num/19/17.md +++ b/num/19/17.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The idea of "unclean" represents not being acceptable to God or fit for use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# General Information: + +The ideas of "clean" and "purify" here represent being acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/20.md b/num/19/20.md index 0c4e6d9a43..efb1c4b886 100644 --- a/num/19/20.md +++ b/num/19/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## that person will be cut off from the community ## +# General Information: -AT: "you will treat that person as no longer part of the community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The ideas of "clean" and "purify" represent being acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The water for impurity has not been sprinkled on him ## +# General Information: -AT: "No one has sprinkled the water for impurity on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The ideas of "unclean," "defile," and "impurity," represent not being acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# that person will be cut off + +Here the phrase "be cut off" means to be disowned and sent away. See how you translated this in [Numbers 9:13](../09/13.md). AT: "That person must be sent away" or "you must send that person away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The water for impurity has not been sprinkled on him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one has sprinkled the water for impurity on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the water for impurity + +"the water that is sprinkled on impure things to make them pure" or "the water for making things pure." See how you translated this in [Numbers 19:13](./11.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/19/intro.md b/num/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6c2bde0dd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 19 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ritually clean ##### + +This chapter talks about being clean. Some of these rituals were required to make a priest clean in order to set them apart to serve Yahweh. Other rituals were required because they prevented people from getting sick. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/01.md b/num/20/01.md index 198cac047e..cf52191e72 100644 --- a/num/20/01.md +++ b/num/20/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the first month ## +# the wilderness of Zin -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]]) +The word "Zin" here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -## and was buried ## +# the first month -AT: "and they buried her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It marks when God rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians. The first month is during the last part of March and the first part of April on the Western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# was buried + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they buried her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/02.md b/num/20/02.md index 8717a21fa5..017ee67063 100644 --- a/num/20/02.md +++ b/num/20/02.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## so they assembled ## +# they assembled -Here the word "they" refers to the community. +Here "they" refers to the community. -## assembled together against ## +# assembled together -"came as a mob against" \ No newline at end of file +"came as a mob" + +# in front of Yahweh + +This represents being in front of Yahweh's tent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/04.md b/num/20/04.md index ff48d6deda..2abcc0ddff 100644 --- a/num/20/04.md +++ b/num/20/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Why have you brought Yahweh’s community into this wilderness to die here, we and our animals? ## +# Connecting Statement: -The people ask this question in order to rebuke Moses. AT: "You should not have brought Yahweh's community into this wilderness to die here, we and our animals." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The people of Israel continue to complain to Moses and Aaron. -## And why did you make us come up out of Egypt to bring us to this horrible place? ## +# Why have you brought Yahweh's community into this wilderness to die here, we and our animals? -AT: "You should not have made us come up out of Egypt to bring us to this horrible place." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people use this question in order to complain against Moses and Aaron. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not have brought Yahweh's community into this wilderness to die here, we and our animals." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why did you make us come up out of Egypt to bring us to this horrible place? + +The people use this question in order to complain against Moses and Aaron. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not have made us leave Egypt to bring us to this horrible place." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/06.md b/num/20/06.md index e53c71ce1d..40a368058e 100644 --- a/num/20/06.md +++ b/num/20/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## lay face down ## +# lay facedown -This was a posture of submission and indicates that Moses and Aaron were praying to Yahweh. - -## Yahweh’s brilliant glory appeared ## - -AT: "Yahweh appeared to them" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This indicates that Moses and Aaron are humbling themselves before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/07.md b/num/20/07.md index 1659ca1dc1..b415a2938e 100644 --- a/num/20/07.md +++ b/num/20/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## before their eyes ## +# before their eyes -AT: "in their presence" or "where they can see you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. AT: "while they watch you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## from before Yahweh ## +# from before Yahweh -AT: "from Yahweh's tent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This represents Yahweh's tent. AT: "from Yahweh's tent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/10.md b/num/20/10.md index 07738bec70..65e03db553 100644 --- a/num/20/10.md +++ b/num/20/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Must we bring water out of this rock for you? ## +# Must we bring water out of this rock for you? -Moses asks this question out of frustration to rebuke the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses asks this question out of frustration to rebuke the people for complaining. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You complain that there is no water. Well, we will make water come out of this rock." or "You would not be happy even if we caused water to come out of this rock. But I will do it anyway." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Must we bring ## +# Must we bring -Here the word "we" refers to Moses and Aaron and may include Yahweh, but does not include the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "we" refers to Moses and Aaron and may include Yahweh, but does not include the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/12.md b/num/20/12.md index b493419718..dfd308fe87 100644 --- a/num/20/12.md +++ b/num/20/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## in the eyes of the people of Israel ## +# Because you did not trust me or honor me as holy in the eyes of the people of Israel -AT: "in the presence of the people of Israel" or "where the people of Israel could see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +How Moses showed that he did not trust and honor God can be stated clearly. AT: "Because you did not trust me or honor me as holy in the eyes of the people of Israel, but struck the rock instead of speaking to it as I told you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## This place was called ## +# in the eyes of the people of Israel -AT: "People called this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. AT: "while the people of Israel were watching you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# This place was called + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People called this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/14.md b/num/20/14.md index f5decd6345..74aa2e8371 100644 --- a/num/20/14.md +++ b/num/20/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Your brother Israel ## +# Your brother Israel Moses uses this phrase to emphasize that the Israelites and the Edomites are related because their ancestors, Jacob and Esau, were brothers. -## When we called out to Yahweh ## +# When we called out to Yahweh "When we prayed to Yahweh begging him to help us" -## he heard our voice ## +# he heard our voice -AT: "he heard what we said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "voice" represents their crying or what they said to him. AT: "he heard our cry" or "he heard what we asked for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Look ## +# Look -The word "Look" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” \ No newline at end of file +"Look" here marks a change in topic. They were just speaking about their past. Now they speak about their present situation as they prepare to ask the king to do something. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/17.md b/num/20/17.md index 38f3609b33..62e5ee74fd 100644 --- a/num/20/17.md +++ b/num/20/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## We will not turn aside to the right hand or to the left ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "We will not leave the road in any direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The messengers continue speaking to the king of Edom. + +# We will not turn aside to the right hand or to the left + +Here "turn aside" represents leaving the road. AT: "We will not leave the road in any direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the king's highway + +This is the main road that connects Damascus in the north to the Gulf of Aqabah in the south. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/18.md b/num/20/18.md index 71ef8f9fe2..35a05667b1 100644 --- a/num/20/18.md +++ b/num/20/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## You may not pass...to attack you ## +# You may not pass ... to attack you -Here the word "you" is singular and refers to Moses, who represents the people of Israel. AT: "Your people may not pass...to attack them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "you" is singular and refers to Moses, who represents the people of Israel. AT: "Your people may not pass ... to attack them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## I will come with the sword ## +# I will come with the sword -AT: "I will send my army" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the sword represents the king's army. AT: "I will send my army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the people of Israel ## +# the people of Israel -This phrase refers to the Israelite messengers. \ No newline at end of file +This phrase refers to the Israelite messengers. + +# walk through on foot + +This idiom means that they would simply travel through the area by walking. They would not come in chariots to attack the people of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/20.md b/num/20/20.md index 47c62f0a26..4d47137e81 100644 --- a/num/20/20.md +++ b/num/20/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the king of Edom came against Israel with a strong hand ## +# the king of Edom came against Israel with a strong hand with many soldiers -Here the word "hand" refers to power and represents the army. AT: "the king of Edom sent a strong army to attack Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the hand represents the king's powerful army. AT: "the king of Edom sent a strong army of many soldiers to attack Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## cross over their border ## +# cross over their border -Here the word "their" refers to the Edomites. \ No newline at end of file +Here "their" refers to the Edomites. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/22.md b/num/20/22.md index c356079abe..33b8c84617 100644 --- a/num/20/22.md +++ b/num/20/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## The people of Israel, the whole community ## +# The people of Israel, the whole community -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The phrase "the whole community" emphasizes that every person who was a part of "the people of Israel" was present, without exception. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Aaron must be gathered to his people ## +# Aaron must be gathered to his people -AT: "Aaron must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a gentle way to say that Aaron must die. It means that it is time for Aaron to die and for his spirit to go to the place where his ancestors are. AT: "Aaron must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## rebelled against my word ## +# rebelled against my word -AT: "refused to do what I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"refused to do what I said" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/25.md b/num/20/25.md index 9676b26066..5c82997f48 100644 --- a/num/20/25.md +++ b/num/20/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## must die and be gathered to his people ## +# Connecting Statement: -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +God continues speaking to Moses. + +# must die and be gathered to his people + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. They mean that it is time for Aaron to die and for his spirit to go to the place where his ancestors are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/27.md b/num/20/27.md index 1c388e46d9..37642b3268 100644 --- a/num/20/27.md +++ b/num/20/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## thirty days ## +# thirty days "30 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/20/intro.md b/num/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..baef987308 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Numbers 20 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Moses' sin ##### + +God told Moses to command water to come out of a rock for the people who were complaining that they had no water. Moses became angry with the people and hit the rock twice. God told him that he and Aaron would not be allowed to go into Canaan because he disobeyed by hitting the rock instead of just speaking to it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +##### "It would have been better if we had died when our fellow Israelites died in front of Yahweh" ##### +It is possible that this statement should be taken as hyperbole, but it does not have to be taken this way. The translator should probably avoid treating this as hyperbole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Wilderness of Sin ##### +Sin is the name of a place in this chapter. It is not a place that is known for its sin. The name is not related to the meaning of the word "sin." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/01.md b/num/21/01.md index 910c5e7bf3..fe8ad9f76d 100644 --- a/num/21/01.md +++ b/num/21/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## he fought against Israel ## +# he fought against Israel -AT: "his army fought against Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "he fought" means that his army fought. AT: "his army fought against Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## listened to Israel’s voice ## +# Israel vowed -AT: "listened to what Israel said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the people of Israel. AT: "The people of Israel vowed" or "The Israelites made a vow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They completely destroyed them and their cities ## +# listened to Israel's voice + +Here "listen" means that Yahweh did as they asked. AT: "did what Israel asked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Israel's voice + +Here "voice" is a metonym that refers to their request. AT: "what Israel asked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They completely destroyed them and their cities "The people of Israel completely destroyed the Canaanite army and their cities" -## That place was called Hormah ## +# That place was called Hormah -AT: "They called that place Hormah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "They called that place Hormah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/04.md b/num/21/04.md index 7cd29e0019..7d5dce96b6 100644 --- a/num/21/04.md +++ b/num/21/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? ## +# Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? -The people ask this question in order to rebuke Moses. AT: "You should not have brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people used this question in order to rebuke Moses. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not made us leave Egypt to die in the wilderness!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/06.md b/num/21/06.md index 0d346c462e..5acbac2bc2 100644 --- a/num/21/06.md +++ b/num/21/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## we have spoken against Yahweh and you ## +# we have spoken against Yahweh and you -AT: "we have said bad things about Yahweh and you" +"we have said bad things about Yahweh and you" -## we ## +# we have spoken ... from us -The word "we" here refers to the people but not to Yahweh or Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "we" and "us" here refer to the people but not to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/08.md b/num/21/08.md index d18b362c34..0fcdf65b82 100644 --- a/num/21/08.md +++ b/num/21/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## everyone who is bitten ## +# Make a snake -AT: "everyone whom a snake bites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Since it is impossible for Moses to make a real snake, it is implied that he was to make a model of a snake. This implied information can be made clear. AT: "Make a model of a snake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## if he looked at the bronze snake, he survived ## +# everyone who is bitten -Here the word "he" refers to "any person" whom a snake bites. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everyone whom a snake bites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a bronze snake + +"a snake out of bronze" + +# if he looked at the bronze snake, he survived + +Here "he" refers to "any person" who was bitten by a snake. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/10.md b/num/21/10.md index f0ca0d7641..91d0bd2861 100644 --- a/num/21/10.md +++ b/num/21/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## that faces Moab ## +# that faces Moab -AT: "that is next to Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "faces" is an idiom that means "is across from" or "is next to." AT: "that is next to Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/12.md b/num/21/12.md index 756ad54f72..4c55de986a 100644 --- a/num/21/12.md +++ b/num/21/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## forms the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites ## +# forms the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites -This means that the two peoples lived on different sides of the river. The Moabite people lived south of the rivier and the Amorites lived on the north. \ No newline at end of file +This means that the two peoples lived on different sides of the river, which was a boundary between them. The Moabite people lived south of the river and the Amorites lived on the north. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/14.md b/num/21/14.md index ed288a9ab5..1b4df378d1 100644 --- a/num/21/14.md +++ b/num/21/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Waheb in Suphah ## +# Waheb in Suphah These are both names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the slope of the valleys that lead toward the town of Ar and go down toward the border of Moab ## +# the slope of the valleys that lead toward the town of Ar and lie along the border of Moab -AT: "downhill to the town of Ar and the border of the country of Moab" \ No newline at end of file +"the valleys that go downhill to the town of Ar and lie along the border of Moab" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/16.md b/num/21/16.md index a8f5a60ea2..7476d07538 100644 --- a/num/21/16.md +++ b/num/21/16.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# to Beer, the well + +This can be stated as two sentences. AT: "to Beer. There was a well there" + +# where Yahweh said to Moses, "Gather the people together for me to give them water." + +This can be stated as an indirect quote. AT: "where Yahweh told Moses to gather the people together for him to give them water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/17.md b/num/21/17.md index 9cd1ce0412..991fdc356d 100644 --- a/num/21/17.md +++ b/num/21/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Spring up ## +# Spring up, well -AT: "Fill up with water" +Here "well" represents the water in the well. The Israelites are speaking to the water as if it were a person who could hear them, and they are asking for it to fill the well. AT: "Water, fill up the well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## The well that our leaders dug, the well the people's nobles dug ## +# the well that our leaders dug, the well the nobles of the people dug -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the role of the leaders in digging the well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## with the scepter ## +# with the scepter and their staffs -The scepter is a sign of authority. AT: "by their authority" \ No newline at end of file +A scepter was carried by those with authority, and the staff was carried by everyone. Neither of these are digging tools. These two items emphasize that they were not too proud to use any means available. AT: "using even their scepter and staffs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/19.md b/num/21/19.md index f0a6d3594d..b5893bbf4f 100644 --- a/num/21/19.md +++ b/num/21/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## looks down on the wilderness ## +# Nahaliel ... Bamoth -AT: "rises above the wilderness" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Mount Pisgah + +This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# looks down on the wilderness + +This is an idiom. It is a way of saying that the mountain is high, and speaks of the mountain as if it were a person who looks down to see the wilderness below him. AT: "rises above the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/21.md b/num/21/21.md index f4560c1c91..14e485c862 100644 --- a/num/21/21.md +++ b/num/21/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## not turn into any field or vineyard ## +# Then Israel -"not go into anywhere you are growing crops" +Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel, and especially to their leaders. AT: "Then the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the king's highway ## +# We will not turn into any field or vineyard -See how you translated this in [Numbers 20:17](../20/17.md). +"We will not go into any of your fields or vineyards" -## to pass through their border ## +# the king's highway -Here the word “their” refers to the Amorites. \ No newline at end of file +This is the main road that connects Damascus in the north to the Gulf of Aqabah in the south. See how you translated this in [Numbers 20:17](../20/17.md). + +# to pass through their border + +"to cross over their border." Here "their" refers to the Amorites. + +# Jahaz + +This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# he fought against Israel + +Here "he" refers to King Sihon who represents himself and his army. AT: "they fought against the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/24.md b/num/21/24.md index ab596dd6fc..2df51b21d5 100644 --- a/num/21/24.md +++ b/num/21/24.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## with the edge of the sword ## +# Israel attacked -AT: "with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "The Israelites attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## took their land ## +# with the edge of the sword -Here the word "their" refers to the Amorites. AT: "conquered their land" +"with the sharp part of the sword." The "edge of the sword" is associated with death and complete destruction. AT: "and completely defeated them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the border of the people of Ammon was fortified ## +# took their land -AT: "the people of Ammon fortified their border" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"conquered the land of the Amorites." Here the word "their" refers to the Amorites. -## Sihon had taken all his land ## +# the people of Ammon ... the Amorites -Here the word "his" refers to the king of Moab. \ No newline at end of file +"the Ammonites ... the Amorites" or "the people of Ammon ... the people of Amor." These names are similar, but they refer to two different people groups. + +# was fortified + +"was strongly defended." The Israelites did not attack the Ammonites. + +# Heshbon and all of its villages + +Here "its" is possessive to show that a relationship existed between the city of Heshbon and these nearby villages. AT: "Heshbon and the nearby villages that it controlled" + +# Sihon had taken all his land + +Here "his" refers to the king of Moab. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/27.md b/num/21/27.md index cb52648e8f..ad52eb02a3 100644 --- a/num/21/27.md +++ b/num/21/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Let the city of Sihon be rebuilt and established again ## +# Heshbon ... city of Sihon -AT: "Let someone rebuild and establish again the city of Sihon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These are two names that refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## A fire blazed from Heshbon, a flame from the city of Sihon ## +# Let the city of Sihon be rebuilt and established again -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) The fire refers to a destroying army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AT: "King Sihon led a strong army from the city of Heshbon" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let someone rebuild and establish again the city of Sihon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that devoured Ar of Moab ## +# rebuilt and established -The word "devour" is something a person does. AT: "that destroyed the town of Ar in the land of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two terms are very similar and emphasize that the city will be fully rebuilt. AT: "completely rebuilt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# A fire blazed from Heshbon, a flame from the city of Sihon + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that destruction will begin at Heshbon. The fire refers to a destroying army. AT: "King Sihon led a strong army from the city of Heshbon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# devoured Ar of Moab + +The army of Sihon is spoken of as if it was an animal that ate up the city of Ar. AT: "destroyed the town of Ar in the land of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/29.md b/num/21/29.md index e4fd86fe2c..ea185a0350 100644 --- a/num/21/29.md +++ b/num/21/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## people of Chemosh ## +# Moab ... people of Chemosh + +These two phrases refer to the same people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# people of Chemosh "Chemosh" was the name of the false god whom the Moabites worshiped. AT: "the people who worship Chemosh" -## He has made his sons ## +# He has made his sons -Here the words "He" and "his" refer to Chemosh. +"He" and "his" refer to Chemosh. -## Heshbon is devastated ## +# we have conquered -AT: "We have devastated Heshbon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "we" refers to the Israelites who defeated Sihon. -## Heshbon ... all the way to Dibon ... all the way to Nophah, which reaches to Medeba ## +# Heshbon is devastated -"everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "We have devastated Heshbon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Heshbon ... all the way to Dibon ... all the way to Nophah ... to Medeba + +These are all places in Sihon's kingdom. This means the Israelites destroyed Sihon's entire nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/31.md b/num/21/31.md index a8f5a60ea2..cd01b0e024 100644 --- a/num/21/31.md +++ b/num/21/31.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# drove out + +"chased away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/33.md b/num/21/33.md index 31c84a2498..b3fb6f08a9 100644 --- a/num/21/33.md +++ b/num/21/33.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites ## +# went out against them -AT: "Destroy him like you destroyed Sihon king of the Amorites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"attacked them" -## So they killed him ## +# Do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites + +The Israelites had completely destroyed Sihon. AT: "Destroy him like you destroyed Sihon king of the Amorites" + +# So they killed him "So the army of Israel killed Og" -## none of his people were left alive ## +# none of his people were left alive -AT: "all of his people were dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all of his people were dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they took over his land ## +# they took over his land -"they took possession of his land" \ No newline at end of file +"they took control of his land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/21/intro.md b/num/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc37c433b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Numbers 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 21:14-15, 17-18, 27-30, which are important quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ungrateful ##### + +The Israelites said, "Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? There is no bread, no water, and we hate this miserable food." After all Yahweh had done, they were very ungrateful. This showed their lack of faith and trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/01.md b/num/22/01.md index c78c994486..97b2a43052 100644 --- a/num/22/01.md +++ b/num/22/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## on the other side of the Jordan River from the city ## +# on the other side of the Jordan River from the city The Israelites were camped on the east side of the Jordan River. Jericho was on the west side of the river. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/02.md b/num/22/02.md index 175d976b47..5ceb6d2ac1 100644 --- a/num/22/02.md +++ b/num/22/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Balak son of Zippor ## +# Balak son of Zippor Balak was king of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Moab was very afraid ## +# Zippor -AT: "All of the Moabites were very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Zippor is the father of Balak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## This multitude will eat up all that is around us as an ox eats up the grass in a field ## +# Moab was very afraid of the people ... Moab was in terror of the people of Israel -This means the Israelites will easily destroy everything in the area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing, and emphasize how afraid Moab was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Now Balak son of Zippor was king of Moab at that time ## +# Moab was very afraid + +Here "Moab" refers to the people of Moab. AT: "All of the Moabites were very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because they were many + +"because there were many of them" + +# The king of Moab said to the elders of Midian + +The Moabites and the Midianites were two different groups of people, but the Midianites were living in the land of Moab at that time. + +# This multitude will eat up all that is around us as an ox eats up the grass in a field + +The way the Israelites will destroy their enemies is spoken of as if they were an ox eating up the grass in a field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Now Balak son of Zippor was king of Moab at that time This changes from the main story to background information about Balak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/05.md b/num/22/05.md index 418c4537a8..a4e4fb4d58 100644 --- a/num/22/05.md +++ b/num/22/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## He sent messengers ## +# He sent messengers "Balak sent messengers" -## Beor ## +# Beor This is the name of Balaam's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Pethor ## +# Pethor -This is the name of a city. +This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## of his nation and his people ## +# of his nation and his people "of Balaam's nation and people" -## He called him ## +# He called him -"Balak summoned Balaam" +"Balak called Balaam." Balak did not speak to Balaam directly, but did so through the messengers he sent. -## I know that whomever you bless will be blessed, and whomever you curse will be cursed ## +# They cover the face of the earth -AT: "I know you have the power to bring blessings or curses on people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an exaggeration to emphasize how many of them there were. AT: "They are extremely numerous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# the face of the earth + +This refers to the surface of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# drive them + +"chase them" + +# I know that whomever you bless will be blessed, and whomever you curse will be cursed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I know you have the power to bless or to curse people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/07.md b/num/22/07.md index 69fe983486..768154c8c3 100644 --- a/num/22/07.md +++ b/num/22/07.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# payment for divination + +The abstract noun "divination" can be stated as an action. AT: "money to pay Balaam to curse Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# They came to Balaam + +You may prefer to say "They went to Balaam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# spoke to him Balak's words + +"told him the message from Balak" + +# Balak + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](./02.md). + +# I will bring you + +Balaam's report is spoken of as if it were something that he would carry to the messengers. AT: "I will tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/09.md b/num/22/09.md index 04a45673ed..76d5a4521f 100644 --- a/num/22/09.md +++ b/num/22/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Who are these men who came to you? ## +# God came to Balaam -Yahweh uses a question to introduce a new topic of conversation. AT: "Tell me about these men who came to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"God appeared to Balaam" + +# Who are these men who came to you? + +Yahweh uses a question to introduce a new topic of conversation. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me about these men who came to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Balak ... Zippor + +These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Numbers 22:2](./02.md). + +# Look, the people ... drive them out + +Balaam restates the message that Balak sent to him. See how you translated many of these phrases in [Numbers 22:5-6](./05.md). + +# drive them out + +"chase them away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/12.md b/num/22/12.md index 97d509cff0..2c19c8a271 100644 --- a/num/22/12.md +++ b/num/22/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## because they have been blessed ## +# because they have been blessed -AT: "because I have blessed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because I have blessed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Balak + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](./02.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/15.md b/num/22/15.md index 69fe983486..5acd81eabc 100644 --- a/num/22/15.md +++ b/num/22/15.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# They came to Balaam + +You may prefer to say "They went to Balaam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# Balak + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](./02.md). + +# this people + +The singular noun refers to the Israelites as a group. AT: "this group of people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/18.md b/num/22/18.md index b3756fdfe7..996c88dbbe 100644 --- a/num/22/18.md +++ b/num/22/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Even if Balak would give me his palace full of silver and gold ## +# Balak + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](./02.md). + +# Even if Balak would give me his palace full of silver and gold Balaam is describing something that would never happen. He is emphasizing that there is nothing that could make him disobey Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## I cannot go beyond the word of Yahweh...and do less or more than what he tells me ## +# I cannot go beyond the word of Yahweh ... and do less or more than what he tells me This means Balaam cannot disobey Yahweh in any way. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/21.md b/num/22/21.md index e36335e1b8..689b0c7a51 100644 --- a/num/22/21.md +++ b/num/22/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## saddled his donkey ## +# saddled his donkey A saddle is a seat put on the back of an animal in order to ride it. -## God’s anger was kindled ## +# God's anger was kindled -AT: "God became angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The increase in God's anger is spoken of as if it was a fire starting to burn. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## as someone hostile to Balaam ## +# as someone hostile to Balaam -AT: "as an enemy to Balaam" or "in order to stop Balaam" +"as an enemy to Balaam" or "in order to stop Balaam" -## to turn her back ## +# with his drawn sword + +A sword is drawn from its sheath in order to be ready to use. AT: "with his sword ready to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The donkey turned off the road and went into a field + +The donkey did this to avoid the angel of Yahweh. + +# to turn her back Sometimes animals are referred to as "her" or "she." AT: "to turn it back" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/24.md b/num/22/24.md index 2f89f83d53..cfbc6bc970 100644 --- a/num/22/24.md +++ b/num/22/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## and pinned Balaam’s foot against it ## +# She went against the wall -AT: "and pushed Balaam's foot against it" or "and hurt Balaam's foot against it" \ No newline at end of file +This was an attempt to escape from the angel of Yahweh in the road. + +# She went + +Sometimes animals are referred to as "her" or "she." AT: "It went" + +# pinned Balaam's foot against it + +"pushed Balaam's foot against it" or "hurt Balaam's foot against it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/26.md b/num/22/26.md index e84bd0fc15..3898a74baf 100644 --- a/num/22/26.md +++ b/num/22/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Balaam’s anger was kindled ## +# Balaam's anger was kindled -This compares Balaam becoming angry to a person starting a fire. AT: "Balaam became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The increase in Balaam's anger is spoken of as if it was a fire starting to burn. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 22:22](./21.md). AT: "Balaam became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/28.md b/num/22/28.md index 08f4705a91..6fcd58161a 100644 --- a/num/22/28.md +++ b/num/22/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## opened the donkey’s mouth so she could talk ## +# Then Yahweh opened the donkey's mouth so she could talk -Yahweh gave the donkey the ability to speak like a human would speak. +Opening the mouth is associated with the ability to speak. AT: "Then Yahweh gave the donkey the ability to speak like a human would speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## She said to Balaam ## +# She said to Balaam "The donkey said to Balaam" -## Am not I your donkey on which you have ridden all your life long to this present day ## +# Am not I your donkey on which you have ridden all your life long to this present day? -AT: "I am your donkey on which you have ridden all your life, right up to the present moment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question was used to convict Balaam that his judgment of the donkey was unfair. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am your donkey on which you have ridden all your life, right up to the present moment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Have I ever been in the habit of doing such things to you before ## +# Have I ever been in the habit of doing such things to you before? -AT: "I have never been in the habit of doing such things to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question was used to further convict Balaam that his judgment of the donkey was unfair. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I have never been in the habit of doing such things to you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/31.md b/num/22/31.md index ba073b69eb..61ca0434b1 100644 --- a/num/22/31.md +++ b/num/22/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Then Yahweh opened Balaam's eyes ## +# Then Yahweh opened Balaam's eyes, and he saw the angel of Yahweh -AT: "Yahweh gave Balaam the ability to see" +To "open one's eyes" is associated with being able to see. AT: "Then Yahweh gave Balaam the ability to see the angel of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Balaam lowered his head and lay face down ## +# with his drawn sword -AT: "Balaam lowered his head and lay face down in humility" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +A sword is drawn from its sheath in order to be ready to use. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:23](./21.md). AT: "with his sword ready to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Why have you struck your donkey these three times? ## +# Balaam lowered his head and lay facedown -AT: "You should not have struck your donkey these three times." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This indicates that Balaam is humbling himself before the angel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## as someone hostile to you ## +# Why have you struck your donkey these three times? -"as an enemy to you" or "to oppose you" \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question is used to accuse Balaam of doing wrong. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should not have struck your donkey these three times." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# as someone hostile to you + +"as an enemy to you" or "to oppose you" + +# If she had not turned ... killed you and spared her life + +This hypothetical statement indicated what could have happened, but it did not because the donkey's actions saved Balaam. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/34.md b/num/22/34.md index e9a33fc0c9..48b6e105d1 100644 --- a/num/22/34.md +++ b/num/22/34.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Now then, if this trip displeases you ## +# So now, if it is displeasing to you -AT: "So if you do not want me to continue going" (UDB) +"So if you do not want me to continue going" -## with the leaders of Balak ## +# with the leaders of Balak -AT: "with the leaders whom Balak had sent." See how you translated "Balak" in [Numbers 22:2](./02.md). \ No newline at end of file +"with the leaders whom Balak had sent." See how you translated "Balak" in [Numbers 22:2](./02.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/36.md b/num/22/36.md index c33eb0f57d..fc551b25fe 100644 --- a/num/22/36.md +++ b/num/22/36.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Arnon ## +# Arnon -This is the name of a river. See how you translated it in [Numbers 21:12](../21/12.md). +This is the name of a river. See how you translated it in [Numbers 21:13](../21/12.md). -## Did I not send men to you to summon you ## +# Did I not send men to you to summon you? -AT: "Surely I sent men to summon you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Balaam for delaying to come. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely I sent men to summon you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why did you not come to me? ## +# Why did you not come to me? -AT: "You should have come to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Balaam for delaying to come. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You should have come to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Am I not able to honor you? ## +# Am I not able to honor you? -AT: "Surely you know that I am able to pay you money for coming to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Balaam for delaying to come. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely you know that I am able to pay you money for coming to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/38.md b/num/22/38.md index 3e4163f552..3761dbf189 100644 --- a/num/22/38.md +++ b/num/22/38.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Do I now have any power to say anything? ## +# Do I now have any power to say anything? -AT: "But I have no power to say anything I want." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). +Balaam uses this rhetorical question to tell Balak that he will not be able to do everything that Balak asks him to do. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "But I have no power to say anything I want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). -## the words that God puts into my mouth ## +# the words that God puts into my mouth -AT: "what God wants me to say" +The message is spoken of as if it is something that God put into his mouth. AT: "the message that God wants me to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Kiriath Huzoth ## +# Kiriath Huzoth -This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# some meat + +"some of the meat from the sacrifices" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/41.md b/num/22/41.md index 444d0b80a2..0808a6e28e 100644 --- a/num/22/41.md +++ b/num/22/41.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the shrines of Baal ## +# the high place of Baal -AT: "the shrines where people made sacrifices to Baal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the same place as Bamoth in [Numbers 21:19](../21/19.md). The word Bamoth means "the high place," or 2) this is another high place where people sacrificed to Baal. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/22/intro.md b/num/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..44d25346ca --- /dev/null +++ b/num/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Numbers 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +The chapter begins a section on Balaam. The king of Moab wanted the prophet Balaam to come and curse Israel. God told him not to go but he wanted to go; so God told him to say only what God wanted him to say. Yahweh was able to use Balaam, even though he was not a prophet of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/01.md b/num/23/01.md index 3f6b8638c5..22cede472c 100644 --- a/num/23/01.md +++ b/num/23/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Balak ## +# Balak -This is the king of Moab. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the king of Moab. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md). + +# prepare seven bulls and seven rams + +"kill seven bulls and seven rams as a sacrifice" + +# Stand at your burnt offering and I will go + +"Stay here with your burnt offering and I will go a distance away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/04.md b/num/23/04.md index ab0d33d28b..0ee6fcb77f 100644 --- a/num/23/04.md +++ b/num/23/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Yahweh put a message in Balaam’s mouth and said ## +# I have offered up a bull and a ram -AT: "Yahweh told Balaam what he wanted him to say. Then Yahweh said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +It has already been stated that he killed these animals as a burnt offering. AT: "I have killed a bull and a ram and burnt them as an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yahweh put a message in Balaam's mouth + +Here Yahweh giving Balaam a message to speak is spoken of as if Yahweh placed it in his mouth. AT: "Yahweh told Balaam what he wanted him to say to Balak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/07.md b/num/23/07.md index 0f5dc23076..4c0ce8c584 100644 --- a/num/23/07.md +++ b/num/23/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## 'Come, curse Jacob for me,’ he said. ‘Come, defy Israel.’ ## +# Balak has brought me from Aram ... the king of Moab from the eastern mountains + +These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# 'Come, curse Jacob for me,' ... 'Come, defy Israel.' Both of these statements mean the same thing. They emphasize that Balak wants Balaam to curse the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## How can I curse those whom God has not cursed? How can I oppose those whom Yahweh does not oppose? - ## +# How can I curse those whom God has not cursed? How can I oppose those whom Yahweh does not oppose? -** AT: "But I cannot curse those whom God has not cursed. I cannot fight against those against whom Yahweh does not fight." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +These rhetorical questions emphasize Balaam's refusal to disobey God. They can be translated as statements. AT: "But I cannot curse those whom God has not cursed. I cannot fight against those whom Yahweh does not fight!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/09.md b/num/23/09.md index 8fc5748a99..1b3453a0b1 100644 --- a/num/23/09.md +++ b/num/23/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## I see him…I look at him ## +# from the top of the rocks I see him ... from the hills I look at him -Here "him" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean the same thing. Balaam viewed Israel from the top of a hill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I see him ... I look at him + +Here "him" is a metonymy that refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# there is a people + +"there is a group of people" + +# do not consider themselves as just an ordinary nation + +This negative statement is used to stress that the opposite is true. AT: "they consider themselves to be a special nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/10.md b/num/23/10.md index ebd04bffe1..cfc78981f0 100644 --- a/num/23/10.md +++ b/num/23/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Who can count the dust of Jacob or number even only one fourth of Israel? ## +# Who can count the dust of Jacob or number even only one-fourth of Israel? -AT: "No one can count the Israelites. No one could count even a fourth of them because there are so many" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "dust of Jacob" is a metaphor that speaks of the number of Israelites as if they were as numerous as the specks of dust. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "There are too many Israelites to count. No one could count even a fourth of them because there are so many." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and let my life's end be like his ## +# the death of a righteous person -Here "his" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is understood that this will be a peaceful death. This can be stated. AT: "the peaceful death of a righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a righteous person ... like his + +These are metonymies that refer to the people of Israel as a single person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/11.md b/num/23/11.md index 57b302fecf..6ae133a3b5 100644 --- a/num/23/11.md +++ b/num/23/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Balak ## +# Balak -See how you translated this name in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md). +This is the king of Moab. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md). -## What have you done to me? ## +# What have you done to me? -AT: "I cannot believe you did this to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Balak uses this question to scold Balaam. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I cannot believe you did this to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Should I not be careful to say only what Yahweh puts in my mouth? ## +# but look -AT: "I must be very careful to say only what Yahweh tells me to say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This emphasizes the shocking action that follows. + +# Should I not be careful to say only what Yahweh puts in my mouth? + +Balaam uses this rhetorical question to defend his actions. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I must be very careful to say only what Yahweh tells me to say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# to say only what Yahweh puts in my mouth + +The message is spoken of as if it is something that God put into his mouth. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 22:38](../22/38.md). AT: "to say only what Yahweh wants me to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/13.md b/num/23/13.md index 04ab2d02b4..c1d7e54bcc 100644 --- a/num/23/13.md +++ b/num/23/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## field of Zophim ## +# There you will curse them for me + +"There you will curse the Israelites for me" + +# field of Zophim Translators may add a footnote that says: "The word 'Zophim' means 'to watch' or 'to spy.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Mount Pisgah ## +# Mount Pisgah -See how you translated this in [Numbers 21:19](../21/19.md). - -## There you will curse them for me ## - -"There you will curse the Israelites for me" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a mountain. See how you translated this in [Numbers 21:20](../21/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/16.md b/num/23/16.md index 794bc76bb5..cff228f22e 100644 --- a/num/23/16.md +++ b/num/23/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## and put a message in his mouth. He said ## +# put a message in his mouth -AT: "and told him what to say. Then Yahweh said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The message is spoken of as if it is something that God put into his mouth. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 22:38](../22/38.md). AT: "told him what to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## son of Zippor ## +# He said + +"Then Yahweh said" + +# Balak, and hear ... Listen to me, you son of Zippor + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how important it was for Balak to pay attention. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# son of Zippor This refers to Balak. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/19.md b/num/23/19.md index c00764c2d0..eaf0869e46 100644 --- a/num/23/19.md +++ b/num/23/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Has he promised anything without doing it? Has he said he would do something without carrying it out? ## +# Has he promised anything without doing it? Has he said he would do something without carrying it out? -Both of these questions mean the same thing. AT: "He has never promised a thing without fulfilling what he promised. He has always done exactly what he said he would." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Both of these questions mean the same thing and emphasize that God does what he says he will. These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. AT: "He has never promised a thing without fulfilling what he promised. He has always done exactly what he said he would do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I have been commanded to bless ## +# I have been commanded to bless -AT: "God has commanded me to bless the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has commanded me to bless the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/21.md b/num/23/21.md index d55d67088a..e5a09b19de 100644 --- a/num/23/21.md +++ b/num/23/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## He has seen no hardship in Jacob or trouble in Israel ## +# hardship in Jacob ... trouble in Israel -AT: "There is no hardship or trouble among the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) God has given Israel only good things or 2) there is no sin in Israel that would cause him to judge them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## and shouts for their king are among them ## +# shouts for their king are among them -AT: "and they shout with joy because Yahweh is their king" +"they shout with joy because Yahweh is their king" -## With strength like that of a wild ox ## +# with strength like that of a wild ox -This emphasizes Yahweh's great strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This simile says that Yahweh's great strength is equal to an ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/23.md b/num/23/23.md index 5527880a23..a864753cf6 100644 --- a/num/23/23.md +++ b/num/23/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Jacob...Israel ## +# There is no sorcery that works against Jacob ... no fortune-telling harms Israel -These both refer to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These two lines mean the same thing, that no curse that anyone puts on the nation of Israel will be effective. Here "Jacob" is a metonymy that refers to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## it must be said ## +# it must be said -AT: "people must say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. "people must say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Look what God has done! + +It is implied that what God did for them was good. AT: "Look at the good things God has done for them!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/24.md b/num/23/24.md index 1e5935be30..e56a477040 100644 --- a/num/23/24.md +++ b/num/23/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the people rise like a lioness...he has killed ## +# the people rise like a lioness ... he has killed -This means the Israelites are very strong and they will defeat their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This verse is a long metaphor that speaks of Israel defeating her enemies as if Israel was a lion devouring its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/25.md b/num/23/25.md index 1433ded639..57d3f7ed8a 100644 --- a/num/23/25.md +++ b/num/23/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Balak ## +# Balak -See how you translated this name in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md). +This is the king of Moab. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md). -## Did I not tell you that I must say all that Yahweh tells me to say? ## +# Did I not tell you that I must say all that Yahweh tells me to say? -AT: "I told you that I must say all that Yahweh tells me to say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Balaam uses this rhetorical question to remind Balak that Balaam refused to disobey God even before he came to Balak. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "I told you before that I must say all that Yahweh tells me to say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/28.md b/num/23/28.md index 69fe983486..9c1ac807b7 100644 --- a/num/23/28.md +++ b/num/23/28.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# which looks down on the wilderness + +It is understood that this wilderness was where Israel was camped. AT: "which looks down on the wilderness where Israel was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/23/intro.md b/num/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..60a156ee56 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Numbers 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +The story of Balaam continues in this chapter. + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 23:7-10 and 18-24, which are quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Cursing God's people ##### + +God does not allow others to curse his people. Balaam blessed Israel twice when he was supposed to curse them. This may be taken as humor or an ironic situation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/01.md b/num/24/01.md index 5e8a5f9a03..6d5f607c01 100644 --- a/num/24/01.md +++ b/num/24/01.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for this verse. \ No newline at end of file +# as at the other times + +"like he did the previous times" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/02.md b/num/24/02.md index d9718907d9..9fcc7acebe 100644 --- a/num/24/02.md +++ b/num/24/02.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## He raised his eyes ## +# He raised his eyes -AT: "He looked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "raised his eyes" is an idiom that means to look up. AT: "He looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Spirit of God came on him ## +# Spirit of God came on him This mean's God's Spirit took control of him to prophesy. -## son of Beor ## +# He received this prophecy -See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:5](../22/05.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave him this prophecy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## whose eyes are wide open ## +# Balaam son of Beor -This means he has received the spiritual power to know and understand God's will. \ No newline at end of file +Beor was Balaam's father. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:5](../22/05.md). + +# whose eyes are wide open + +This idiom means he sees and understands clearly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/04.md b/num/24/04.md index 2e8a84d094..15dee02859 100644 --- a/num/24/04.md +++ b/num/24/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Balaam continues the prophecy under the control of the Spirit of God. +# General Information: -## He speaks ## +Balaam continues to prophesy under the control of the Spirit of God. -Here Balaam refers to himself as "he." +# He speaks ... He sees ... he bows -## with his eyes open ## +Here Balaam refers to himself as "He." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -This means Balaam has received the spiritual power to know and understand God's will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# he bows down -## How beautiful are your tents, Jacob, the place where you live, Israel! ## +This is an act of humility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# with his eyes open + +Here "eyes open" is an idiom that means Balaam has received the ability to know what God wants to say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# How beautiful are your tents, Jacob, the place where you live, Israel! Both of these statements mean the same thing. They emphasize the Israelite camp was beautiful to Balaam. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/06.md b/num/24/06.md index bac1c0157c..03409475c4 100644 --- a/num/24/06.md +++ b/num/24/06.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Balaam continues the prophecy under the control of the Spirit of God. +# General Information: -## Like valleys they spread out...beside the waters ## +Balaam continues to prophesy under the control of the Spirit of God. -Balaam is emphasizing how beautiful and impressive the Israelite camp is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# Like valleys they spread out -## aloes planted by Yahweh ## +Balaam speaks of the Israelies as if they were numerous enough to cover entire valleys. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -Aloes are shrubs or trees with a pleasant smell. AT: "aloes which Yahweh has planted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +# like gardens by the riverside + +Balaam speaks of the Israelies as if they were well-watered gardens that produce an abundant harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# aloes planted by Yahweh + +Aloes are plants with a pleasant smell that grow well even in dry conditions. Balaam speaks of the Israelies as if they would thrive and be pleasant like aloe plants. This can be stated in active form. AT: "aloes which Yahweh has planted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# like cedars beside the waters + +Cedar trees were the largest trees in Israel. Balaam speaks of the Israelies as if they grew as large as well-watered cedar trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/07.md b/num/24/07.md index 32a15d3aad..3635531de7 100644 --- a/num/24/07.md +++ b/num/24/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -Balaam continues the prophecy under the control of the Spirit of God. +# General Information: -## Water flows from their buckets, and their seed is well-watered ## +Balaam continues to prophesy under the control of the Spirit of God. -watered** - This refers to God's blessing on his people when they enter the land he has promised them. They will have plenty of water and healthy crops. +# Water flows ... well-watered -## Their king will be higher than Agag ## +Abundant water is associated with God's blessing on the crops of the land. AT: "God will bless Israel with plenty of water for their crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This means the future king of Israel will have more honor and will be more powerful than Agag. Agag was king of the Amalekites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# their seed is well-watered -## their kingdom will be honored ## +Well-watered seed refers to God's blessing on his people so that they will have abundant crops. AT: "they will have plenty of water for their seed to grow healthy crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "other people will give honor to their kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Their king is to be higher ... their kingdom will be honored + +These two phrases have similar meaning, emphasizing how much God will bless them compared to other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Their king is to be higher than Agag + +Here "higher" refers to greater honor and power. This means the future king of Israel will have more honor and will be more powerful than Agag. Agag was king of the Amalekites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their kingdom will be honored + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "other people will give honor to their kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/08.md b/num/24/08.md index 7df10b299d..6ab4b59d0e 100644 --- a/num/24/08.md +++ b/num/24/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Balaam continues the prophecy under the control of the Spirit of God. +# General Information: -## God brings him ## +Balaam continues to prophesy under the control of the Spirit of God. + +# God brings him "God brings the Israelites" -## He has strength like a wild ox ## +# with strength like a wild ox -This emphasizes that the Israelites have great strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This simile emphasizes that the Israelites have great strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## He will eat up the nations ## +# He will eat up the nations -Balaam compares the Israelites to a wild animal. This means they will destroy their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Balaam speaks of the Israelites as if they are wild animals that eat their enemies. This means they will destroy their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/09.md b/num/24/09.md index a0aacf8ab6..2109276561 100644 --- a/num/24/09.md +++ b/num/24/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Balaam finishes the prophecy under the control of the Spirit of God. -## He crouches down like a lion, like a lioness ## +# He crouches down like a lion, like a lioness -Balaam compares the Israelites to both male and female lions. This means they are dangerous and always ready to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +In this simile, Balaam compares the Israelites to both male and female lions. This means they are dangerous and always ready to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Who dares disturb him? ## +# Who dares disturb him? -Balaam uses a question to warn all the people to not provoke the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Balaam uses a question to warn all the people to not provoke the Israelites. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one dares to disturb him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## May everyone who blesses him be blessed; may everyone who curses him be cursed ## +# May everyone who blesses him be blessed; may everyone who curses him be cursed -AT: "May God bless those who bless the Israelites; may he curse those who curse the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May God bless those who bless the Israelites; may he curse those who curse the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/10.md b/num/24/10.md index ded77c8ec6..4388a063c7 100644 --- a/num/24/10.md +++ b/num/24/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Balak’s anger was kindled ## +# Balak's anger was kindled -This compares Balack becoming angry to someone starting a fire. AT: "Balak’s anger stirred up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The increase in Balak's anger is spoken of as if it was a fire starting to burn. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Balak became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## struck his hands together ## +# struck his hands together in anger -This was a sign of great frustration and anger. \ No newline at end of file +This was a sign of great frustration and anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/12.md b/num/24/12.md index ddc83a6806..6c0c7fdc6d 100644 --- a/num/24/12.md +++ b/num/24/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Even if Balak gave me his palace full of silver and gold ## +# Even if Balak gave me his palace full of silver and gold Balaam is describing something that would never happen. This statement emphasizes that there is nothing that would make Balaam disobey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## Did I not say this to them? ## +# Did I not say this to them? -Balaam uses a question to remind Balak about what he said earlier. "AT: I said this to them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Balaam uses a question to remind Balak about what he said earlier. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. "AT: I said this to them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## this people ## +# this people "the Israelites" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/15.md b/num/24/15.md index ca11a75cfe..91ccfb2dba 100644 --- a/num/24/15.md +++ b/num/24/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## son of Beor ## +# Balaam son of Beor -See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:5](../22/05.md). +Beor was Balaam's father. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:5](../22/05.md). -## whose eyes are wide open ## +# whose eyes are wide open -This means Balaam has received the power to know and understand God's will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This idiom means he sees and understands clearly. See how you translated this in [Numbers 24:3](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# who has knowledge from the Most High + +The abstract term "knowledge" can be stated as an action. AT: "who knows things that God Most High has revealed to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# bows down + +This is a sign of submission to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/17.md b/num/24/17.md index 910437c75f..5d0d4703fc 100644 --- a/num/24/17.md +++ b/num/24/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Balaam continues the first of his four prophecies. -## I see him, but he is not here now. I look at him, but he is not near. ## +# I see him, but he is not here now. I look at him, but he is not near Both of these statements mean the same thing. Balaam is having a vision of a future event. The word "him" refers to a future leader of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## A star will come out of Jacob ## +# A star will come out of Jacob -Here "star" refers to an Israelite king that will rise in power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "star" refers to an Israelite king that will rise in power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## a scepter will rise out of Israel ## +# out of Jacob -This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. A king shall rise out of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Jacob" refers to the descendants of Jacob. AT: "from among the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## all the descendants of Seth ## +# a scepter will rise out of Israel -This refers to the Moabites, who were descendants of Seth. \ No newline at end of file +This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Here "scepter" refers to a powerful king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# out of Israel + +Here "Israel" refers to future Israelites. AT: "from among the Israelites in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# shatter Moab's leaders + +Possible meanings are 1) he will break the heads of the leaders of Moab or 2) he will destroy the leaders of Moab. + +# all the descendants of Seth + +This also refers to the Moabites, who were descendants of Seth. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/18.md b/num/24/18.md index 222b4f684f..aea549460d 100644 --- a/num/24/18.md +++ b/num/24/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Balaam finishes the first of his four prophecies. -## out of Jacob will come ## +# Edom will become a possession of Israel -Jacob was the ancestor of the Israelites. This refers to the whole people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Israelites will occupy Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## of their city ## +# Seir will also become their possession + +Here "Seir" refers to the people who lived near Mount Seir. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Israel will also conquer the people of Seir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Out of Jacob a king will come + +Jacob was the ancestor of the Israelites. "Jacob" is a metonymy that refers to the whole people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of their city This refers to the city of Ar where Balak met Balaam. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/20.md b/num/24/20.md index 41dfe4b217..93ab344921 100644 --- a/num/24/20.md +++ b/num/24/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Balaam looked at Amalek ## +# Balaam looked at Amalek -This continues Balaam's vision while turning to look in the direction of the Amalek nation, and then he prophecies about the Amalekites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Amalek" is a metonymy that refers to the people of Amalek. This continues Balaam's vision while turning to look in the direction of the Amalek nation, and then he prophecies about the Amalekites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his final end + +A singular pronoun is used because the Amalekites are spoken of as a single person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/21.md b/num/24/21.md index 5d6b79a45b..09c43c7e6c 100644 --- a/num/24/21.md +++ b/num/24/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the Kenites ## +# the Kenites This is the name of a people group who descended from Kain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## your nest is in the rocks ## +# The place where you live is strong -This means that they live in a secure place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"The place were you live is well defended" -## Nevertheless Kain will be ruined when Assyria carries you away captive ## +# your nest is in the rocks -AT: "Nevertheless the Assyrians will destroy the Kenites and take them as captives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a metaphor that means that they live in a secure place. AT: "your location is as secure as a nest high in the rocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Nevertheless you Kenites will be consumed by fire when Assyria carries you away captive + +Here the destruction of the Kenites is spoken of as if they were burned up in a fire. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Nevertheless the Assyrians will destroy you Kenites like a fire, and take you away as captives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/23.md b/num/24/23.md index 42555328f1..beaf1fc67e 100644 --- a/num/24/23.md +++ b/num/24/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Who will survive when God does this? ## +# Who will survive when God does this? -AT: "No one will survive when God does this!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one will survive when God does this!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Kittim ## +# Kittim -This is the name of a city on an island in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city on an island in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# they, too, will end in destruction + +The abstract noun "destruction" can be stated as an action. AT: "God will destroy them also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/25.md b/num/24/25.md index ba685af5e4..3e7c3d7f8e 100644 --- a/num/24/25.md +++ b/num/24/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Balak ## +# Balak -See how you translated this name in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the king of Moab. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/24/intro.md b/num/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0fcd9403b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Numbers 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Balaam continues in this chapter. + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 24:3-9 and 15-24, which are quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Cursing God's people ##### + +God does not allow others to curse his people. Balaam blesses Israel again and the king is angry and sends him home. This may be taken as humor or an ironic situation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/01.md b/num/25/01.md index 02914e10db..466aa4a11a 100644 --- a/num/25/01.md +++ b/num/25/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Shittim ## +# Shittim This is the name of a place in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Peor ## +# bowed down -See how you translated this in [Numbers 23:28](../23/28.md). +This was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Yahweh's anger was kindled against Israel ## +# Peor -This compares Yahweh becoming angry to someone starting a fire. As mentioned in 25:8-9, God sent a plague because of their sin. AT: "Yahweh became very angry with the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Peor was the name of a mountain. See how you translated this in [Numbers 23:28](../23/28.md). + +# Yahweh's anger was kindled + +The increase in Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it was a fire starting to burn. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 21:20](../21/19.md). AT: "Yahweh became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/04.md b/num/25/04.md index ee41b5fb76..adc5af15b2 100644 --- a/num/25/04.md +++ b/num/25/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## all the leaders of the people ## +# all the leaders of the people -AT: "all the leaders of the people who are guilty of idolatry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It is implied that this refers to the leaders who were guilty of idolatry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "all the leaders of the people who are guilty of idolatry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## ​to expose them in the daylight ## +# to expose them in the daylight -This means that they will be killed during the day, and hung up for Yahweh and the people of Israel to see. +This means that the leaders of Israel will kill these people and leave their dead bodies out where all the people can see them. -## to Israel’s leaders ## +# to Israel's leaders -AT: "to Israel's leaders who were not guilty of idolatry" \ No newline at end of file +"to Israel's leaders who were not guilty of idolatry" + +# Peor + +Peor was the name of a mountain. See how you translated this in [Numbers 23:28](../23/28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/06.md b/num/25/06.md index 6171085892..9d8d06700f 100644 --- a/num/25/06.md +++ b/num/25/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## brought among his family members a Midianite woman ## +# brought among his family members a Midianite woman -AT: "brought a Midianite woman to the Israelite camp to have sex with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It is implied that he brought her among his camp to have sex with her. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "brought a Midianite woman to the Israelite camp to sleep with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Eleazar ## +# in the sight of Moses and all the community of the people of Israel -This is the name of Aaron's son. See how you translated it in [Numbers 3:1](../03/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "in the sight of" is an idiom that means they heard about it, or found out about it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Eleazar + +This is the name of Aaron's son. See how you translated it in [Numbers 3:2](../03/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/08.md b/num/25/08.md index 522e29ab9f..ee7dd902f6 100644 --- a/num/25/08.md +++ b/num/25/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## He followed ## +# He followed "Phinehas followed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/10.md b/num/25/10.md index 5b46fdbef3..ab8a905278 100644 --- a/num/25/10.md +++ b/num/25/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## I have not consumed the people of Israel in my fierceness ## +# turned my rage away from the people of Israel -AT: "I have not destroyed the people of Israel in my terrible anger" \ No newline at end of file +God's rage is spoken of as if it were something that could be physically pushed aside in order to stop it. AT: "caused me to no longer be angry with the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have not consumed the people of Israel in my fierceness + +God is spoken of as if he were a fierce animal that could have eaten up the people of Israel. AT: "I have not destroyed the people of Israel in my terrible anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/12.md b/num/25/12.md index bc43c479b6..017ebdfff5 100644 --- a/num/25/12.md +++ b/num/25/12.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes to be added for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# Therefore say, 'Yahweh says, "Look, I am giving to Phinehas ... the people of Israel."' + +This continues Yahweh's speech from the previous verse. This has quotations within quotations. The direct quotations can be stated as indirect quotation. AT: "Therefore say to Phinehas that I am giving to him ... the people of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/14.md b/num/25/14.md index 8415413e15..b39a48a4cf 100644 --- a/num/25/14.md +++ b/num/25/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This switches from the main story line to background information about Zimri and Cozbi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +This switches from the main storyline to background information about Zimri and Kozbi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## who was killed ## +# who was killed -AT: "whom Phinehas killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Phinehas killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Zimri...Salu...Zur ## +# Zimri ... Salu ... Zur These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Cozbi ## +# Kozbi This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/16.md b/num/25/16.md index 6c31687811..98e9a44b55 100644 --- a/num/25/16.md +++ b/num/25/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## who was killed ## +# with their deceitfulness -AT: "whom Phinehas killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "deceitfulness" can be stated as a verb. AT: "by deceiving you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## They led you into evil ## +# They led you into evil -"They persuaded you to do this evil thing" \ No newline at end of file +"They persuaded you to do this evil thing" + +# in the case of Peor ... in the matter of Peor + +Both of these phrases mean that these things happened at Mount Peor. + +# Peor + +Peor was the name of a mountain. See how you translated this in [Numbers 23:28](../23/28.md). + +# who was killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Phinehas killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/25/intro.md b/num/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0f076451c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Numbers 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The story of Balaam concludes in this chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Foreign women ##### + +Balaam told the young women from Moab to act friendly to the Israelite men and invite them to feasts in honor of their god Baal. The men went to the feasts and worshiped Baal. God was angry and killed 24,000 Israelite men. Foreign women are often the source of problems in Israel. They caused the men to worship their false gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/01.md b/num/26/01.md index 6b22b209bb..396c4cc919 100644 --- a/num/26/01.md +++ b/num/26/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Eleazar ## +# Count all the community -See how you translated this name in [Numbers 3:1](../03/01.md). +They were only to count the men, not the women. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Count all the men of the community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## twenty years old ## +# twenty years old and up -"20 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]]) - -## by their ancestor's families ## - -AT: "according to their families" \ No newline at end of file +"20 years old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/03.md b/num/26/03.md index 4953b90101..b70bfb0ffc 100644 --- a/num/26/03.md +++ b/num/26/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## plain ## +# spoke to them -a large, flat area of land \ No newline at end of file +"spoke to the Israelite leaders" + +# plains + +A plain is a large flat area of land. + +# twenty years old and up + +"20 years old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/05.md b/num/26/05.md index 3e0741bdc4..2aa408197c 100644 --- a/num/26/05.md +++ b/num/26/05.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# was the firstborn of Israel + +Here "Israel" refers to the man also known as Jacob. + +# From his son + +The word "his" refers to Rueben. + +# 43,730 men + +"forty-three thousand seven hundred and thirty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/08.md b/num/26/08.md index eedcf6d794..425af6b11a 100644 --- a/num/26/08.md +++ b/num/26/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Eliab...Dathan...Abiram ## +# Eliab ... Dathan ... Abiram -See how you translated these names in [Numbers 16:1](../16/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 16:1](../16/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/10.md b/num/26/10.md index 0c3c99b86b..28dd529da2 100644 --- a/num/26/10.md +++ b/num/26/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## The earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up ## +# The earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up -AT: "Yahweh caused the earth to split open, and the men fell in the hole" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here the earth is spoken of as if it were a person opening its mouth and eating something. AT: "Yahweh caused the earth to split open, and the men fell in the hole" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## fire devoured 250 men ## +# fire devoured 250 men -AT: "Yahweh caused a fire to break out and kill 250 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Here the fire is spoken of as if it were a large animal devouring something. AT: "Yahweh caused a fire that killed 250 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Korah's line ## +# 250 men -AT: "all of Korah's family" \ No newline at end of file +"two hundred and fifty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Korah's line + +"all of Korah's family" + +# die out + +"end" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/12.md b/num/26/12.md index 3e0741bdc4..64879d317b 100644 --- a/num/26/12.md +++ b/num/26/12.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 22,200 men + +"twenty-two thousand two hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/15.md b/num/26/15.md index 3e0741bdc4..b2a2a32044 100644 --- a/num/26/15.md +++ b/num/26/15.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 40,500 men + +"forty thousand five hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/19.md b/num/26/19.md index 3e0741bdc4..d37b849589 100644 --- a/num/26/19.md +++ b/num/26/19.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 76,500 men + +"seventy-six thousand five hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/23.md b/num/26/23.md index 3e0741bdc4..17f302d1ea 100644 --- a/num/26/23.md +++ b/num/26/23.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 64,300 men + +"sixty-four thousand three hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/26.md b/num/26/26.md index 3e0741bdc4..e2d69e3871 100644 --- a/num/26/26.md +++ b/num/26/26.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 60,500 men + +"sixty thousand five hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/28.md b/num/26/28.md index b9e2d86f6a..cb9a3ef9c6 100644 --- a/num/26/28.md +++ b/num/26/28.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/30.md b/num/26/30.md index b9e2d86f6a..cb9a3ef9c6 100644 --- a/num/26/30.md +++ b/num/26/30.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/33.md b/num/26/33.md index 3e0741bdc4..c3d1db05df 100644 --- a/num/26/33.md +++ b/num/26/33.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 52,700 men + +"fifty-two thousand seven hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/35.md b/num/26/35.md index 3e0741bdc4..94c54e2700 100644 --- a/num/26/35.md +++ b/num/26/35.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 32,500 men + +"thirty-two thousand five hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# These were Joseph's descendants + +The word "these" refers to all of the men descended from Joseph's sons, Ephraim and Manasseh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "These were Joseph's descendants, descended from his sons Manasseh and Ephraim," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# counted in each of their clans + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they counted them in each of their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/38.md b/num/26/38.md index 3e0741bdc4..a0a1fce1c6 100644 --- a/num/26/38.md +++ b/num/26/38.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 45,600 men + +"forty-five thousand six hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/42.md b/num/26/42.md index 3e0741bdc4..f542320989 100644 --- a/num/26/42.md +++ b/num/26/42.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 64,400 men + +"sixty-four thousand four hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/44.md b/num/26/44.md index 3e0741bdc4..6ff8233411 100644 --- a/num/26/44.md +++ b/num/26/44.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 53,400 men + +"fifty-three thousand four hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/48.md b/num/26/48.md index 3e0741bdc4..45419e19c5 100644 --- a/num/26/48.md +++ b/num/26/48.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 45,400 men + +"forty-five thousand four hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/51.md b/num/26/51.md index 637e002c88..24ac4ef8bd 100644 --- a/num/26/51.md +++ b/num/26/51.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## 601,730 ## +# the complete count -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the total number" + +# 601,730 + +"six-hundred and one thousand, seven hundred and thirty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/52.md b/num/26/52.md index 5817403f44..bd95432b5d 100644 --- a/num/26/52.md +++ b/num/26/52.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## The land must be divided ## +# The land must be divided -AT: "You must divide the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must divide the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## these men ## +# these men -This refers to the each clan mentioned in 26:5-51. +This refers to all of the men that were counted in their clans, beginning in [Numbers 26:5](./05.md). -## to the number of their names ## +# according to the number of their names -AT: "to how many people are in each clan" \ No newline at end of file +"by the number of people in each clan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/54.md b/num/26/54.md index ee0c159afb..48864f9850 100644 --- a/num/26/54.md +++ b/num/26/54.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## give more inheritance ## +# give more inheritance -AT: "give more land as an inheritance" +In this passage, the word "inheritance" refers to land inherited. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "give more land as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## who were counted ## +# who were counted -AT: "whom the leaders of Israel counted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the leaders of Israel counted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the land must be divided ## +# the land must be divided -AT "you must divide the land" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must divide the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## by random lots ## +# by random lots -God would show his will by how sticks fell on the ground. AT: "as I show you how" +"by casting lots" -## it will be divided ## +# it will be divided -AT "you will divide it" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will divide it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## distributed to them ## +# distributed to them -AT: "and you must distribute the land to them" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and you must distribute the land to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/57.md b/num/26/57.md index b03ff8d84f..2305b14fad 100644 --- a/num/26/57.md +++ b/num/26/57.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + This is a list of the Levite clans. Moses counts the Levites separately from the other tribes because they did not receive any land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Gershon...Kohath...Merari...Amram ## +# counted clan by clan -See how you translated these names in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that the leaders also counted clan by clan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## She bore to Amram their children ## +# Gershon ... Kohath ... Merari ... Amram -AT: "She and Amram had children" \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these men's names you did in [Numbers 3:17-19](../03/17.md). + +# She bore to Amram their children + +"She and Amram had children" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/60.md b/num/26/60.md index 773bbb96c0..bd851da9d6 100644 --- a/num/26/60.md +++ b/num/26/60.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Nadab and Abihu, Eleazr and Ithamar ## +# Nadab ... Abihu ... Ithamar -See how you translated these names in [Numbers 3:1](../03/01.md). +See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 3:2](../03/01.md). -## who were counted ## +# they offered before Yahweh unacceptable fire -AT: "whom the leaders counted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here the word "fire" is used to refer to "burning incense." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 3:4](../03/03.md). AT: "they burned an incense offering to Yahweh in a way that he did not approve of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## 23,000 ## +# who were counted -"twenty three thousand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the leaders counted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## one month ## +# twenty-three thousand -"1 month" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]]) +"23,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## because no inheritance was given to them ## +# one month old and up -AT: "because Yahweh said they would not receive any land as an inheritance" \ No newline at end of file +"one month old and older" + +# they were not counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but the leaders did not count them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because no inheritance was given to them + +This can be stated in active form. Here "inheritance" refers to land inherited. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "because Yahweh said they would not receive any land as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/63.md b/num/26/63.md index 7e05263afb..ab3b728cb6 100644 --- a/num/26/63.md +++ b/num/26/63.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## who were counted by Moses and Eleazar the priest ## +# who were counted by Moses and Eleazar the priest -AT: "whom Moses and Eleazar the priest counted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Moses and Eleazar the priest counted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## who had been counted by Moses and Aaron the priest ## +# there was no man -AT: "whom Moses and Aaron the priest had counted" +"there were no men" -## when the descendants of Israel were counted ## +# who had been counted by Moses and Aaron the priest -AT: "when they counted the descendants of Israel" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Moses and Aaron the priest had counted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# when the descendants of Israel were counted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when they counted the descendants of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/65.md b/num/26/65.md index 8230d24875..85b32d08fa 100644 --- a/num/26/65.md +++ b/num/26/65.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## son of Jephunneh ## +# There was not a man left among them, except -See how you translated this in [Numbers 13:5](../13/05.md). +The word "them" refers to all of the people who were counted in the wilderness of Sinai. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "The only ones who were still alive were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## son of Nun ## +# son of Jephunneh -See how you translated this in [Numbers 11:28](../11/28.md). \ No newline at end of file +Jephunneh was Caleb's father. See how you translated this in [Numbers 13:6](../13/05.md). + +# son of Nun + +Nun was Joshua's father. See how you translated this in [Numbers 11:28](../11/28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/26/intro.md b/num/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e19b552805 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Numbers 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 26:12-18, 20-27, 29-39, 44-45, 48-49 and 57-58, which are lists. + +The people are counted in preparation for entering into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### A new generation ##### + +None of the adults who came out of Egypt with Moses were still alive except the two faithful spies, Joshua and Caleb. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/01.md b/num/27/01.md index 6b68a6dfda..d34cdba820 100644 --- a/num/27/01.md +++ b/num/27/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Zelophehad, son of Hepher...Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah ## +# Then to Moses came the daughters of Zelophehad ... son of Joseph -See how you translated these names in [Numbers 26:33](../26/33.md). +"Then the daughters of Zelophehad son of Hepher son of Gilead son of Machir son of Manasseh, of the clans of Manasseh son of Joseph came to Moses." This tells us the genealogy of Zelophehad. -## Gilead...Machir ## +# Zelophehad son of Hepher ... Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Tirzah -See how you transliterated these in [Numbers 26:28](../26/28.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 26:33](../26/33.md). + +# Gilead ... Machir + +See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 26:29](../26/28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/02.md b/num/27/02.md index 3268909047..fabb8dbfa4 100644 --- a/num/27/02.md +++ b/num/27/02.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## They stood ## +# They stood "The daughters of Zelophehad stood" -## Eleazar ## +# who conspired against Yahweh in the company of Korah -See how you translated this in [Numbers 3:1](../03/01.md). +The people in the company of Korah gathered together and rebelled against Yahweh. Yahweh caused them to die, because of their sin. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "who died because they were among Korah's followers who rebelled against Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## He died in his own sin; instead, it was because of his own sin that he died ## +# for his own sin -This statement is repeated to emphasize that their father died in the wilderness along with his generation, but not because he rebelled with Korah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"because of his own sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/04.md b/num/27/04.md index a1de701b2d..1e35da71a1 100644 --- a/num/27/04.md +++ b/num/27/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Why should our father’s name be taken away from among his clan members because he had no son? ## +# Why should our father's name be taken away from among his clan members because he had no son? -At that time, only sons received land as an inheritance. The daughters use this question to suggest that they should receive the inheritance and continue the family clan. AT: "You should not remove our father's name from the clan members just because he did not have a son." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +At that time, only sons received land as an inheritance. The daughters use this question to suggest that they should receive the inheritance and continue the family clan. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You should not remove our father's name from the clan members just because he did not have a son." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Give us land among our father's relatives + +This means that they are asking to inherit land near where their father's relatives are inheriting land. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "Give us land where our father's relatives live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/06.md b/num/27/06.md index 69fe983486..d535067746 100644 --- a/num/27/06.md +++ b/num/27/06.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# among their father's relatives + +This means that they will be inherit land where their father's relatives are inheriting land. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "where their father's relatives live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/09.md b/num/27/09.md index 9658c97203..aa59c8981f 100644 --- a/num/27/09.md +++ b/num/27/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + This continues God's law about who will receive land if a man does not have any sons. -## be a law established by decree for the people of Israel ## +# be a law established by decree for the people of Israel -AT: "be a law that all the people of Israel must obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "be a law that all the people of Israel must obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## has commanded me ## +# has commanded me Here "me" refers to Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/12.md b/num/27/12.md index 9f37bb67dc..a468f41b63 100644 --- a/num/27/12.md +++ b/num/27/12.md @@ -1,39 +1,39 @@ -## mountains of Abarim ## +# mountains of Abarim This is a range of mountains in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## that I have given to the people of Israel ## +# that I have given to the people of Israel -AT: "that I will give to the people of Israel" +Here Yahweh speaks about the land that his is giving the Israel as if he has already given it to them. He speaks this way to emphasize that his committed to give it to them. AT: "that I will give to the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you, too, must be gathered to your people ## +# you, too, must be gathered to your people -AT: "you must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a euphemism that means Moses will die and his spirit will go to the place where his ancestors are. AT: "you must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## like Aaron your brother ## +# like Aaron your brother -AT: "like your older brother Aaron died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +You can make clear the understood information that Aaron died. AT: "like your older brother Aaron died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## you two rebelled ## +# you two rebelled This refers to Moses and Aaron. -## wilderness of Zin ## +# wilderness of Zin -See how you translated this in [Numbers 13:21](../13/21.md). +See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 13:21](../13/21.md). -## when the water flowed from the rock, in your anger ## +# when the water flowed from the rock, in your anger This refers to an event when Yahweh made water miraculously flow out of a rock. God told Moses to speak to the rock. Instead, Moses hit the rock because he was angry with the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## you failed to honor me as holy ## +# you failed to honor me as holy -AT: "you did not treat me as I should be treated because I am holy" +"you did not treat me as holy" -## before the eyes of the whole community ## +# before the eyes of the whole community -AT: "where everyone could see what you did" +Here the people of the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they saw. AT: "in front of the whole community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## waters of Meribah ## +# waters of Meribah -Translator may add a footnote that says "The name 'Meribah' means 'to quarrel.'" See how you translated this in [Numbers 20:12](../20/12.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 20:13](../20/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/15.md b/num/27/15.md index 9ad8bf1b3d..264c44f8f4 100644 --- a/num/27/15.md +++ b/num/27/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the God of the spirits of all humanity ## +# the God of the spirits of all humanity -AT: "the God over all of humanity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Possible meaning are 1) here "spirits" refers to all people." AT: "the God over all of humanity" or 2) the reference to "spirits" refers to God having given life and breath to all people. AT: "the God who gives breath to all people" or "the God who give life to all humanity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## a man who may go out and come in before them and lead them out and bring them in ## +# a man over the community -This means a person who will lead all the people and also lead the army into battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +To be "over" a group of people means to have authority to lead them. AT: "a man to lead the community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## so that your community is not like sheep that have no shepherd ## +# a man who may go out and come in before them and lead them out and bring them in -This means without a leader the people will wander and be helpless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that means a person who will lead all the people and also lead the army into battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# so that your community is not like sheep that have no shepherd + +This is a simile that means without a leader the people will wander and be helpless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/18.md b/num/27/18.md index 8076730ff8..884e1ed9d6 100644 --- a/num/27/18.md +++ b/num/27/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Take Joshua son of Nun, a man in whom my Spirit lives ## +# Take Joshua son of Nun, a man in whom my Spirit lives Yahweh's Spirit is in Joshua, meaning that Joshua obeys Yahweh and follows his commands. -## lay your hand on him ## +# lay your hand on him -This is a sign of dedicating someone to God's service. +This is a sign of dedicating someone to God's service. AT: "lay your hand on him to appoint him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## and command him before their eyes to lead them ## +# command him before their eyes to lead them -AT: "and in front of all of them command Joshua to lead the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. AT: "in front of all of them command Joshua to lead the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/20.md b/num/27/20.md index e31bad52a9..f513624dc1 100644 --- a/num/27/20.md +++ b/num/27/20.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses about Joshua. -## You must put some of your authority on him ## +# You must put some of your authority on him -AT: "You should give him some of your authority" or "Let him decide what the people should do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here Yahweh speaks of Moses giving some of his authority to Joshua as if it were an article of clothing that he could put on him. AT: "You should give him some of your authority" or "Let him decide what the people should do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Urim ## +# Urim -This was a sacred stone that the High Priest wore on his chest plate. He used it to determine God's will. +This was a sacred stone that the High Priest wore on his chest plate. He used it to determine God's will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## will go out and come in ## +# It will be at his command that the people will go out and come in -AT: "will know all they should do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This means that Joshua will have authority to command the movements of the community of Israel. "Going out" and "coming in" are two opposite commands used to emphasize that he will have full command over their movements. AT: "He will command the community's movements" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## both he and all the people of Israel with him, the whole community ## +# both he and all the people of Israel with him, the whole community -Both of these phrases mean the same thing, and they are used together for emphasis. AT: "both he and the entire nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these phrases mean the same thing, and they are used together for emphasis. AT: "both he and the entire nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/22.md b/num/27/22.md index 665702210b..d528d7a4dd 100644 --- a/num/27/22.md +++ b/num/27/22.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## and placed him before ## +# placed him before -AT: "and told him to stand in front of" +"told him to stand in front of" -## Eleazar ## +# He laid his hands on him and commanded him to lead -See how you translated this in [Numbers 3:1](../03/01.md). +"He" refers to Moses, and "him" refers to Joshua. -## He laid his hands on him and commanded him to lead ## +# He laid his hands on him -“He” refers to Moses, and “him” refers to Joshua. +The laying on of hands was a way of setting a person apart to do a special task for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## He laid his hands on him ## +# to lead -The laying on of hands was a way of consecrating someone for the the work God had for him to do. (See: symbolic action) AT: "Moses consecrated Joshua to work for God" +You can make clear the understood information to lead the people. AT: "to lead the people" or "to be the leader of the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## to lead ## - -AT: "to lead the congregation" or "to be the leader of the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) - -## as Yahweh had commanded him to do ## +# as Yahweh had commanded him to do Here "him" refers to Moses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/27/intro.md b/num/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..13e263c1cf --- /dev/null +++ b/num/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Numbers 27 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Daughters ##### +The daughters of Korah received no land because their father was punished by Yahweh. Yahweh still graciously gave them their father's portion of land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) + +##### The new leader is Joshua ##### + +God told Moses to appoint Joshua as the new leader. Joshua became Yahweh's anointed leader. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/01.md b/num/28/01.md index 0828972090..f71d2ded0d 100644 --- a/num/28/01.md +++ b/num/28/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## at the appointed times ## +# at the appointed times -AT: "at the times that I choose" +"at the times that I haven chosen" -## the food of my offerings made by fire ## +# the food of my offerings made by fire to produce -AT: "food offerings that you will burn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the food offerings that you will burn on the altar produce" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## a sweet aroma for me ## +# a sweet aroma for me -AT: "a smell I enjoy" \ No newline at end of file +"a smell I enjoy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/03.md b/num/28/03.md index 0573362b2f..38d54bf13e 100644 --- a/num/28/03.md +++ b/num/28/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## the offering made by fire ## +# the offering made by fire -AT: “the burnt offering" +This can be stated in active form. "the burnt offering" or "the offering you have burned by fire on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## year...day ## +# mixed with -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]) +This can be stated in active form. "which you have mixed with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## mixed with a fourth of a hin of beaten oil ## +# a tenth of an ephah -AT: "which you have mixed with a fourth of a hin of pure olive oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"A tenth" means one part out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "2 liters" or "a tenth of an ephah (which is about 2 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## ephah ## +# one-fourth of a hin -An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +"One-fourth" means one part out of four equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "a liter" or "one-fourth of a hin (which is almost 1 liter)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## hin ## +# beaten oil -A hin is 3.7 liters. \ No newline at end of file +"pressed oil" or "pure olive oil." This refers to oil that has been pressed out of olives. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/06.md b/num/28/06.md index b97147c4b8..33eba6afc1 100644 --- a/num/28/06.md +++ b/num/28/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## that was commanded at Mount Sinai ## +# that was commanded at Mount Sinai -AT: "that Yahweh commanded at Mount Sinai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that Yahweh commanded at Mount Sinai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## made by fire ## +# made by fire -AT: “that you burned on the altar” +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you burned on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## hin ## +# one-fourth of a hin -A hin is 3.7 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +"One-fourth" means one part out of four equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "a liter" or "one-fourth of a hin (which is almost 1 liter)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## like the one offered ## +# You must pour out in the holy place a drink offering of strong drink to Yahweh -AT: "like the one you offered" \ No newline at end of file +This sentence describes the drink offering that is to accompany the lamb. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "It must be a drink offering of strong drink and you must pour it out in the holy place to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# like the one offered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "like the one you offered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/09.md b/num/28/09.md index 9a087830fd..8fa8fae938 100644 --- a/num/28/09.md +++ b/num/28/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## year ## +# two-tenths of an ephah -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]]) +"Two-tenths" means two parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "four and a half liters" or "two tenths of an ephah (which is about 4.5 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## two tenths ## +# mixed with oil -AT: “2/10” (See: Biblical Numbers) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## mixed with oil ## +# the drink offering with it -AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## ephah ## - -An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +Many offerings had a drink offering that was required to be offered with them. The full meaning of the can be made clear. AT: "the drink offering that accompanies it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/11.md b/num/28/11.md index 611f7151fb..c71c57010a 100644 --- a/num/28/11.md +++ b/num/28/11.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## month...year ## +# three-tenths of an ephah -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]) +"Three-tenths" means three parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "six liters" or "three-tenths of an ephah (which is about six liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## ephah ## +# two-tenths -An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +The words "of an ephah" are missing and may be added. "Two-tenths" means two parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "four and a half liters" or "two-tenths of an ephah (which is about 4.5 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## mixed with oil ## +# a tenth of an ephah -AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"A tenth" means one part out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "2 liters" or "a tenth of an ephah (which is about 2 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## made by fire ## +# mixed with oil -AT: “that you burned on the altar” \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that you burned on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/14.md b/num/28/14.md index b29a3d9a92..e4c5421803 100644 --- a/num/28/14.md +++ b/num/28/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## hin ## +# half a hin -A hin is 3.7 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +"Half" means one part out of two equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "two liters" or "half a hin (which is two liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## One male goat as a sin offering to Yahweh must be offered ## +# a third of a hin -AT: "You must offer one male goat to Yahweh as a sin offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"One third of a hin." "A third" means one part out of three equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "1.2 liters" or "One and one-fifth liters" or "half a hin (which is 1.2 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# one-fourth of a hin + +"One-fourth" means one part out of four equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "a liter" or "one-fourth of a hin (which is almost 1 liter)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# One male goat as a sin offering to Yahweh must be offered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must offer one male goat to Yahweh as a sin offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/16.md b/num/28/16.md index 21ee86b207..ba552e65f4 100644 --- a/num/28/16.md +++ b/num/28/16.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## fourteenth ## +# the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month ... the fifteenth day of this month -"14th" +"the 1st month, on the 14th day of the month ... the 15th day of this month." This refers to the first month of the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## month...day ## +# comes Yahweh's Passover -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]) +"you must celebrate Yahweh's Passover" -## comes Yahweh's Passover ## +# a feast is to be held -AT: "you must celebrate Yahweh's Passover" +This can be stated in active form. "you must have a feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## fifteenth ## +# bread without yeast must be eaten -"15th" +This can be stated in active form. "you must eat bread without yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## a feast is to be held ## +# the first day -AT: "you must have a feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"the 1st day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## bread without yeast must be eaten ## +# there must be a holy assembly to honor Yahweh -AT: "you must eat bread without yeast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"you must gather together to worship and honor Yahweh." The phrase "a holy assembly" means the people gather together to worship Yahweh. Worshiping Yahweh is a holy event. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/19.md b/num/28/19.md index 0c3690fbb0..567ef102ef 100644 --- a/num/28/19.md +++ b/num/28/19.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## you must offer a sacrifice made by fire, a burnt offering ## +# you must offer a sacrifice made by fire, a burnt offering -AT: “you must burn an offering on the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must burn an offering on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## mixed with oil ## +# three-tenths of an ephah -AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Three-tenths" means three parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "six liters" or "three-tenths of an ephah (which is about six liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -## ephah ## +# mixed with oil -An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# two-tenths + +The words "of an ephah of fine flour" are missing and may be added. "Two-tenths" means two parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "four and a half liters of fine flour" or "two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour (which is about 4.5 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a tenth of an ephah + +"A tenth" means one part out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "2 liters" or "a tenth of an ephah (which is about 2 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# to make atonement + +The word "atonement" may be expressed as a verb. AT: "to atone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/23.md b/num/28/23.md index e03a2f60b6..72d196bbdc 100644 --- a/num/28/23.md +++ b/num/28/23.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## required each morning ## +# required each morning -AT: "which Yahweh requires each morning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which Yahweh requires each morning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## As described here ## +# As described here -AT: "As I, Yahweh, have described here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "As I, Yahweh, have described here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the food of the offering made ## +# the food of the offering made by fire -AT: "the food offering you burned on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must burn the food offering on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## It must be offered ## +# a sweet aroma for Yahweh -AT: "You must offer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"as a sweet aroma for Yahweh" -## and you must do no normal work on that day ## +# It must be offered -AT: "and you must not work on that day" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must offer it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# have a holy assembly to honor Yahweh + +"gather together to worship and honor Yahweh." The phrase "a holy assembly" means the people gather together to worship Yahweh. Worshiping Yahweh is a holy event. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/26.md b/num/28/26.md index 20ccbad6b9..80936299e9 100644 --- a/num/28/26.md +++ b/num/28/26.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## mixed with oil ## +# the day of the firstfruits -AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"the day of the firstfruits, that is the day." This refers to the day during the Festival of Weeks when they offer the grain offering to Yahweh. -## ephah ## +# have a holy assembly to honor Yahweh -An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +"gather together to worship and honor Yahweh." The phrase "a holy assembly" means the people gather together to worship Yahweh. Worshiping Yahweh is a holy event. + +# mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# three-tenths of an ephah + +"Three tenths" means three parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "six liters" or "three-tenths of an ephah (which is about six liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# three-tenths of an ephah + +"Three tenths" means three parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "six liters" or "three-tenths of an ephah (which is about six liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# two-tenths + +The words "of an ephah of fine flour" are missing and may be added. "Two-tenths" means two parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "four and a half liters of fine flour" or "two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour (which is about 4.5 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/29.md b/num/28/29.md index 03860227b8..ac2875a185 100644 --- a/num/28/29.md +++ b/num/28/29.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## ephah ## +# a tenth of an ephah -An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +"A tenth" means one part out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "2 liters" or "a tenth of an ephah (which is about 2 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# fine flour mixed with oil + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "fine flour which you mix with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to make atonement + +The word "atonement" can be expressed with the verb "atone." AT: "to atone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# their drink offerings + +This refers to the drink offerings that are required to accompany each of the animals when they are sacrificed. AT: "the drink offerings that are offered with them" or "the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/28/intro.md b/num/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..769577e4ff --- /dev/null +++ b/num/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 28 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Offerings for special days ##### + +God commanded the Israelites to make special offerings for Sabbaths, new months, Passover and firstfruits. On each of these occasions, specific sacrifices were required. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/firstfruit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/01.md b/num/29/01.md index 30fa082787..94146fd97d 100644 --- a/num/29/01.md +++ b/num/29/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## month...day ## +# the seventh month, on the first day of the month -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]) +"the 7th month, on the 1st day of the month." This refers to the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## It will be a day when you blow trumpets ## +# have a holy assembly to honor Yahweh -The trumpets were rams' horns with a small hole near the tip of the horn. The priests blew the trumpet to begin a worship service. (See: symbolic action) \ No newline at end of file +"gather together to worship and honor Yahweh." The phrase "a holy assembly" means the people gather together to worship Yahweh. Worshiping Yahweh is a holy event. + +# It will be a day when you blow trumpets + +The word "you" refers to the people of Israel who here represent the priests. The priests blew the trumpet to begin a worship service or to gather the community together. AT: "It will be a day when the priests blow trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/02.md b/num/29/02.md index 8c658b3d73..bc810681f8 100644 --- a/num/29/02.md +++ b/num/29/02.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/03.md b/num/29/03.md index 26ee5652b0..cf000bc403 100644 --- a/num/29/03.md +++ b/num/29/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## mixed with oil ## +# their grain offering -AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This refers to the grain offerings that are required to accompany each of the animals when they are sacrificed. AT: "the grain offerings that are offered with them" or "the grain offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) -## ephah ## +# mixed with oil -An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# three-tenths of an ephah + +"Three-tenths" means three parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "six liters" or "three-tenths of an ephah (which is about six liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# two-tenths + +The words "of an ephah" are missing and may be added. "Two tenths" means two parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "four and a half liters" or "two-tenths of an ephah (which is about 4.5 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# one-tenth + +"one-tenth" means one part out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "2 liters" or "a tenth of an ephah (which is about 2 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# to make atonement + +The word "atonement" can be expressed with the verb "atone." AT: "to atone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/06.md b/num/29/06.md index 16447b9133..b4775ab0db 100644 --- a/num/29/06.md +++ b/num/29/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Make these offerings in the seventh month in addition to ## +# the seventh month ... the first of each month -The special offerings in the 7th month that Moses just described are made in addition to their normal sacrifices they made at the beginning of each month and the daily sacrifices. +"the 7th month ... the 1st day of each month" The word "month" refer to those in the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## month ## +# of each month: the special burnt offering ... with it -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth]]) +"of each month--the special burnt offering ... with it." This is the offering that is made on the first day of each month. -## the special burnt offering and the grain offering to go with it ## +# the regular burnt offering, its grain offering, and its drink offerings -AT: "the burnt offering and the grain offering at the beginning of each month" +This refers to the offerings the priests were to give every day. The grain offering and drink offering were to be offered with the regular burnt offering. AT: "the regular burnt offering, with the grain offering and drink offerings that accompany it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) -## the regular burnt offering, its grain offering, and its drink offerings ## +# you will obey what has been decreed -This refers to the offerings to be made every day. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will obey Yahweh's decree" or "you will obey what Yahweh had decreed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you will obey what has been decreed ## +# an offering made by fire to Yahweh -AT: "you will obey Yahweh's decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## an offering made by fire to Yahweh ## - -AT: "an offering you burnt on the altar to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "an offering you burnt on the altar to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/07.md b/num/29/07.md index 43f3af6bfc..92d8a39433 100644 --- a/num/29/07.md +++ b/num/29/07.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## a year old ## +# the tenth day of the seventh month -"each a year old" \ No newline at end of file +"the 10th day of the 7th month" The word "month" refers to those in the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# have a holy assembly to honor Yahweh + +"gather together to worship and honor Yahweh." The phrase "a holy assembly" means the people gather together to worship Yahweh. Worshiping Yahweh is a holy event. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/09.md b/num/29/09.md index 91060742ec..7058e0d928 100644 --- a/num/29/09.md +++ b/num/29/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## mixed with oil ## +# mixed with oil -AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## ephah ## +# three-tenths of an ephah -A ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Three-tenths" means three parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "six liters" or "three-tenths of an ephah (which is about six liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# two-tenths + +The words "of an ephah" are missing and may be added. "Two-tenths" means two parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "four and a half liters" or "two-tenths of an ephah (which is about 4.5 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a tenth of an ephah + +"A tenth" means one part out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "2 liters" or "a tenth of an ephah (which is about 2 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# of atonement + +The word "atonement" can be expressed with the verb "atone." AT: "that atones for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# its grain offering, and their drink offerings + +The grain offering was to be offered with the burnt offering. The drink offerings were to be offered with both the sin offering and the burnt offering. AT: "along with the grain offering and the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/12.md b/num/29/12.md index eea5665f71..8f220e50dc 100644 --- a/num/29/12.md +++ b/num/29/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## day...month...year ## +# the fifteenth day of the seventh month -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]) +"the 15th day of the 7th month." The word "month" refer to those in the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## thirteen...fourteen ## +# have a holy assembly to honor Yahweh -"13...14" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"gather together to worship and honor Yahweh." The phrase "a holy assembly" means the people gather together to worship Yahweh. Worshiping Yahweh is a holy event. -## a year old ## +# you must keep the festival for him -"each a year old" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. Here the word "keep" means to observe or celebrate. The word "him" refers to Yahweh. AT: "you must observe the festival for Yahweh" or "you must celebrate the festival for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a sacrifice made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. "you must burn it on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# thirteen young bulls, two rams, and fourteen male lambs + +"13 young bulls, 2 rams, and 14 male lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/14.md b/num/29/14.md index 26ee5652b0..b85e8ff927 100644 --- a/num/29/14.md +++ b/num/29/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## mixed with oil ## +# mixed with oil -AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which you have mixed with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## ephah ## +# three-tenths of an ephah -An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Three-enths" means three parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "six liters" or "three-tenths of an ephah (which is about six liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# thirteen bulls ... fourteen lambs + +"13 bulls ... 14 lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# two-tenths + +The words "of an ephah" are missing and may be added. "Two-tenths" means two parts out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "four and a half liters" or "two-tenths of an ephah (which is about 4.5 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# a tenth of an ephah + +"A tenth" means one part out of ten equal parts. This can be written in modern measurements. AT: "2 liters" or "a tenth of an ephah (which is about 2 liters)" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# its grain offering, and the drink offering with it + +The grain offering and drink offering accompany the regular burnt offering. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/17.md b/num/29/17.md index 8f27d47f5a..bf75e3aa00 100644 --- a/num/29/17.md +++ b/num/29/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## twelve...fourteen ## +# the second day of the assembly -"12...14" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"the 2nd day of the festival." Here the word "assembly" refers to the Festival of Weeks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## a year old ## +# twelve young bulls, two rams, and fourteen male lambs -"each a year old" +"12 young bulls, 2 rams, and 14 male lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## as were commanded ## +# as were commanded -AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its grain offering, and their drink offerings + +The grain offering was to be offered with the burnt offering. Drink offerings were to be offered with both the sin offering and the burnt offering. AT: "along with the grain offering and the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/20.md b/num/29/20.md index 1f47ba3991..70be152978 100644 --- a/num/29/20.md +++ b/num/29/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## eleven...fourteen ## +# the third day of the assembly -"11...14" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"the 3rd day of the festival." Here the word "assembly" refers to the Festival of Weeks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## a year old ## +# eleven bulls, two rams, and fourteen male lambs -"each a year old" +"11 bulls, 2 rams, and 14 male lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## as were commanded ## +# as were commanded -AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its grain offering, and their drink offerings + +The grain offering was to be offered with the burnt offering. The drink offerings were to be offered with both the sin offering and the burnt offering. AT: "along with the grain offering and the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/23.md b/num/29/23.md index dda142987f..0cbe660a93 100644 --- a/num/29/23.md +++ b/num/29/23.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do during the festival in the seventh month. -## a year old ## +# the fourth day of the assembly -"each a year old" +"the 4th day of the festival." Here the word "assembly" refers to the Festival of Weeks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## as were commanded ## +# fourteen male lambs -AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"14 male lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# as were commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its grain offering, and their drink offerings + +The grain offering was to be offered with the burnt offering. The drink offerings were to be offered with both the sin offering and the burnt offering. AT: "along with the grain offering and the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/26.md b/num/29/26.md index ef0cf06e9e..db6fdca39a 100644 --- a/num/29/26.md +++ b/num/29/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## a year old ## +# the fifth day of the assembly -"each a year old" +"the 5th day of the festival." Here the word "assembly" refers to the Festival of Weeks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## as were commanded ## +# fourteen male lambs -AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"14 male lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# as were commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its grain offering, and their drink offerings + +The grain offering was to be offered with the burnt offering. The drink offerings were to be offered with both the sin offering and the burnt offering. AT: "along with the grain offering and the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/29.md b/num/29/29.md index ef0cf06e9e..fc7dd48428 100644 --- a/num/29/29.md +++ b/num/29/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## a year old ## +# the sixth day of the assembly -"each a year old" +"the 6th day of the festival." Here the word "assembly" refers to the Festival of Weeks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## as were commanded ## +# fourteen male lambs -AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"14 male lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# as were commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its grain offering, and their drink offerings + +The grain offering was to be offered with the burnt offering. The drink offerings were to be offered with both the sin offering and the burnt offering. AT: "along with the grain offering and the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/32.md b/num/29/32.md index ef0cf06e9e..2f0280f808 100644 --- a/num/29/32.md +++ b/num/29/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## a year old ## +# the seventh day of the assembly -"each a year old" +"the 7th day of the festival." Here the word "assembly" refers to the Festival of Weeks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## as were commanded ## +# fourteen male lambs -AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"14 male lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# as were commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its grain offering, and their drink offerings + +The grain offering was to be offered with the burnt offering. The drink offerings were to be offered with both the sin offering and the burnt offering. AT: "along with the grain offering and the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/35.md b/num/29/35.md index c4d035f5b7..52bc3697a5 100644 --- a/num/29/35.md +++ b/num/29/35.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -day festival in the seventh month. +# General Information: -## a year old ## +Yahweh tells Moses what the people must do after the seven-day festival in the seventh month. -"each a year old" \ No newline at end of file +# eighth day + +This "eighth" is the ordinal number for eight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# have another solemn assembly + +"gather together again to worship Yahweh." This is another assembly similar to the one on the first day of the festival. + +# an offering made by fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must burn it on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/37.md b/num/29/37.md index 338540e98b..e6ffbd01d4 100644 --- a/num/29/37.md +++ b/num/29/37.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## as were commanded ## +# their grain offering and their drink offerings -AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +These offerings were to be offered with the bull, the ram, and the lambs. AT: "the grain offerings and the drink offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) + +# as were commanded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# its grain offering, and their drink offerings + +The grain offering was to be offered with the burnt offering. The drink offerings were to be offered with both the sin offering and the burnt offering. AT: "along with the grain offering and the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/39.md b/num/29/39.md index 0ee5b1afca..2862ce024c 100644 --- a/num/29/39.md +++ b/num/29/39.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## fixed festivals ## +# These are what you must offer -AT: "planned festivals" or "festivals that Yahweh has appointed" \ No newline at end of file +"These offerings are what you must offer" + +# fixed festivals + +"planned festivals." These are festivals that occurred at regularly scheduled times. The word "fixed" means "set" or "predetermined." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/29/intro.md b/num/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b9d9e6e4e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Numbers 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +This chapter continues the material from the previous chapter about offerings on specific days. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/01.md b/num/30/01.md index 4e4a56f5e7..f2d6f80b9c 100644 --- a/num/30/01.md +++ b/num/30/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## When anyone makes a vow to Yahweh, or swears an oath to bind himself with a promise ## +# When anyone makes a vow to Yahweh, or swears an oath -These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens thought in the first. AT: "When anyone promises Yahweh he will do something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two sentences have similar meanings and are combined to emphasize making a vow or promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## to bind himself with a promise ## +# to bind himself with a promise -"promises to do something" +Here Moses speaks of a person promising to do something as if his promise were a physical object that he ties to himself. AT: "committing to fulfill a promise" or "promising to do something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he must not break his word. He must keep his promise ## +# he must not break his word. He must keep his promise to do everything that comes out of his mouth -These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens thought in the first. AT: "he must do what he promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two sentences have similar meanings and are combined to emphasize that he must fulfill his promises. Here "word" is a metonym that refers to what he said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## he must not break his word ## +# he must not break his word -AT: "he must do what he promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The phrase "his word" refers to a man's oaths and vows. Here Moses speaks of not fulfilling these as if they were physical objects that the man could break. AT: "he must fulfill his promises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## that comes out of his mouth ## +# everything that comes out of his mouth -AT: "that he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "mouth" is a metonym for the things that the man says. AT: "to do everything that he says he will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/03.md b/num/30/03.md index 2b0ee3476e..67a10bc050 100644 --- a/num/30/03.md +++ b/num/30/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## has bound herself ## +# binds herself with a promise -"has committed herself" +Here Moses speaks of a woman promising to do something as if her promise were a physical object that she ties to herself. AT: "commits herself to fulfilling a promise" or "promises to do something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## if he says nothing to reverse her ## +# the vow and the promise -AT: "if he does not cancel her vow" +These two phrases have very similar meanings. They emphasize what she has promised to do. AT: "the vow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## then all her vows will remain in force. Every promise by which she has bound herself will remain in force ## +# by which she has bound herself -AT: "then she must keep every vow and promise she made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Moses speaks of how a woman has committed herself to fulfilling a promise as if her promise were a physical object that she had bound to her body. AT: "which she has committed herself to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to reverse her + +"to cancel what she has said" + +# then all her vows will remain in force. Every promise ... will remain in force + +These two statements say basically the same thing and emphasize that she must keep all of her vows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# will remain in force + +This is an idiom. It means that her vows will remain in effect and that she will be required to fulfill them. AT: "she will be obligated to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/05.md b/num/30/05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9232819961 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/30/05.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# her vow and her promise + +These two phrases have very similar meanings. They emphasize what she has promised to do. AT: "her vow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# she took on herself + +Here the woman committing herself to fulfilling her vows is spoken of as if her vows were a garment that she placed on herself. AT: "that she committed herself to" or "that she made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will remain in force + +This is an idiom. It means that her vows will remain in effect and she will be required to fulfill them. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 30:4](./03.md). AT: "she will be obligated to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/06.md b/num/30/06.md index 3dd7b07b1c..5eb8bc72d8 100644 --- a/num/30/06.md +++ b/num/30/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## If she marries a man while she is under those vows ## +# her solemn promises with which she has bound herself -AT: "If she gets married after she makes her vows" +Here Moses speaks of how a woman has committed herself to fulfilling a promise as if her promise were a physical object that she had bound to her body. AT: "her solemn promises which she has committed herself to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## she makes rash utterances with which she obligates herself ## +# if he overrules her -AT: "she promises something without thinking carefully about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the father overruling the woman's promise is spoken of as if he were overruling "her." AT: "if her overrules her promise" or "if he cancels her promise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will not remain in force + +This is an idiom. It means that her vows will not remain in effect and she will be not required to fulfill them. AT: "she will not be obligated to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh will forgive her + +This refers to Yahweh forgiving her for not fulfilling her vows. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Yahweh will forgive her for not fulfilling her vows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# while she is under those vows + +This is an idiom. Being "under" her vows means that she is committed to them and that they are still in effect. AT: "while she is still committed to those vows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# rash + +something done without thinking + +# those obligations + +The word "obligations" can be expressed with the verb "obligate." AT: "the things she has obligated herself to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/08.md b/num/30/08.md index b496742c7b..9dbf753d8c 100644 --- a/num/30/08.md +++ b/num/30/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## the rash talk of her lips with which she has bound herself ## +# the vow that she has made ... the rash talk of her lips -AT: "the promise she made without thinking carefully about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the vow that she has made ... that is, the rash talk of her lips." These two phrases refer to the same thing. The second phrase describes the vow that the woman made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the rash talk of her lips + +The phrase "the rash talk" refers to the rash promise that she made. Here "her lips" means the woman herself. She is referred to as "her lips" because lips are related to what she says. AT: "the rash things she has said" or "her rash promise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# with which she has bound herself + +Here Moses speaks of how a woman has committed herself to fulfilling a promise as if her promise were a physical object that she had bound to her body. AT: "which she has committed herself to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh will release her + +Here Moses speaks about Yahweh forgiving the woman for not fulfilling her vow as if he were releasing her from something that bound her. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Yahweh will forgive her" or "Yahweh will forgive her for not fulfilling her vow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/09.md b/num/30/09.md index 7514b600e2..dfcb923045 100644 --- a/num/30/09.md +++ b/num/30/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues telling the leaders of the tribes what Yahweh has commanded. -## widow ## +# a divorced woman -This refers to a woman whose husband has died. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a woman who has been divorced by a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## And if a woman in her husband’s family makes a vow ## +# by which she has bound herself -AT: "And if a married woman makes a vow" +Here Moses speaks of how a woman has committed herself to fulfilling a promise as if her promise were a physical object that she had bound to her body. AT: "which she has committed herself to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## then all her vows must remain in force. Every promise with which she has bound herself remains in force ## +# will remain in force against her -AT: "then she must keep every vow and promise she made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. It means that her vows will remain in effect and she will be required to fulfill them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 30:4](./03.md). AT: "she will be obligated to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# If a woman made a vow in her husband's house + +This refers to a married woman. You can make the meaning of this statement clear. AT: "If a married woman makes a vow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# then all her vows must stand ... remain in force + +This is an idiom. The phrase "remain in force" means that her vows will remain in effect and she will be required to fulfill them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 30:4](./03.md). AT: "then she must fulfill all her vows ... she must fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all her vows must stand ... the obligations she made must remain in force + +These two statements say basically the same thing twice for emphasis and can be combined. AT: "then all of her vows and promises with which she has made must remain in force" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/12.md b/num/30/12.md index 4bf6631597..0abe833679 100644 --- a/num/30/12.md +++ b/num/30/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## then whatever came out of her lips about her vows or promises will not remain in force ## +# then whatever came out of her lips -AT: "then she no longer must keep any promise or vow she made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here what the woman said is referred to as something that came out of her lips. AT: "then whatever she said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will not remain in force + +This is an idiom. It means that her vows will not remain in effect and she will be not required to fulfill them. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 30:6](./06.md). AT: "she will not be obligated to fulfill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh will release her + +Here Moses speaks about Yahweh forgiving the woman for not fulfilling her vow as if he were releasing her from something that bound her. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Yahweh will forgive her" or "Yahweh will forgive her for not fulfilling her vow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/13.md b/num/30/13.md index 9bdf959572..c1df0727fd 100644 --- a/num/30/13.md +++ b/num/30/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Every vow or oath a woman takes that binds her to deny herself something may be confirmed or cancelled by her husband ## +# Every vow or oath ... may be confirmed or canceled by her husband -AT: "A woman's husband may confirm or cancel any of the vows or oaths that she made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "A woman's husband may confirm or cancel any vow or oath she has taken that binds her to deny herself something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that binds her + +Here Moses speaks of a woman's promise that she is committed to as if it were something physically binding her body. AT: "that she is committed to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# binding promises + +Moses describes a woman's promises as if they were something that she is physically bound by. AT: "obligations" or "promises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because he has said nothing to her + +You can make clear the understood information. AT: "because he has said nothing to her about them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/15.md b/num/30/15.md index 69fe983486..38928cff83 100644 --- a/num/30/15.md +++ b/num/30/15.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# then he will be responsible for her sin + +This means that he will be guilty of her sin instead of her if she does not fulfill her vow. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "if she does not fulfill her vow, she will not be guilty of her sin, and he will be guilty instead of her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/30/intro.md b/num/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..efef51e908 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 30 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Vows ##### + +Because a vow is a type of promise, men must do what they have vowed to do. A father or a husband has one day in which to cancel a woman's vow. Otherwise, she must do what she vowed she would do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/01.md b/num/31/01.md index 31f3af86b7..76621268e6 100644 --- a/num/31/01.md +++ b/num/31/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Avenge the people of Israel against the Midianites ## +# Take vengeance on the Midianites for what they did to the Israelites -Yahweh held the Midianites responsible for convincing the Israelites to worship idols. +Yahweh was punishing the Midianites for convincing the Israelites to worship idols. -## be gathered to your people ## +# you will die and be gathered to your people -This means Moses' spirit will go to same place as his relatives who died before him. AT: "join your relatives who have also died" \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. This is a polite way to emphasize that it is time for Moses to die and for his spirit to go to the place where his ancestors are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/03.md b/num/31/03.md index a199a6b122..6067972bec 100644 --- a/num/31/03.md +++ b/num/31/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Arm some of your men for war ## +# Arm some of your men for war -AT: "Give weapons to some of your men" +"Give weapons to some of your men" -## go against Midian and carry out Yahweh’s vengeance on it ## +# go against Midian and carry out Yahweh's vengeance on it -AT: "go fight a war against the Midianites and punish them for what they did to Yahweh" +"go fight a war against the Midianites and punish them for what they did to us" -## a thousand...twelve thousand ## +# a thousand ... twelve thousand -"1,000...12,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"1,000 ... 12,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Israel’s thousands and thousands of men ## +# Israel's thousands and thousands of men -AT: "Israel's many men" +"Israel's many men" -## one thousand were provided from every tribe for war ## +# one thousand were provided from every tribe for war -AT: "every tribe sent 1,000 men to war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "every tribe sent 1,000 men to war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# twelve thousand men in all + +All 12 tribes sent men, including the tribe of Levi. They all sent 1,000 men into battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/06.md b/num/31/06.md index 7c2c01a202..9d1c8151d3 100644 --- a/num/31/06.md +++ b/num/31/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba ## +# Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba -These are names of kings of Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of kings of Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Balaam son of Beor + +Beor was Balaam's father. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:5](../22/05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/09.md b/num/31/09.md index f878fc8538..66d16174dc 100644 --- a/num/31/09.md +++ b/num/31/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## They took these as plunder ## +# They took these as plunder -AT: "They took the Midianites' possessions as their own" \ No newline at end of file +"They took the Midianites' possessions as their own" + +# They burned all their cities where they lived and all their camps + +"Israel's army burned all the Midianites' cities where the Midianites lived and all the Midianites' camps" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/11.md b/num/31/11.md index 4ae34c4a30..452412778d 100644 --- a/num/31/11.md +++ b/num/31/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## They took ## +# They took "The army of Israel took" -## plains ## +# plunder + +This refers to the material goods they recovered from killing the Midianite men. + +# plains a large area of flat land \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/13.md b/num/31/13.md index 93a230f53a..c3d9de73d5 100644 --- a/num/31/13.md +++ b/num/31/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## the commanders of thousands ## +# the commanders of thousands and the captains of hundreds -AT: "the men who commanded 1,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. AT: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the captains of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "the commanders of large military divisions and the captains of smaller military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the captains of hundreds ## +# Have you let all the women live? -AT: "the men who commanded 100 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## Have you let all the women live? ## - -Moses uses a question to scold the commanders of the army. AT: "You should not have let all these women live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The law was explicit on who would be permitted to live. The army violated the law by allowing all the women and children to live. This was a rebuke to the army leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/16.md b/num/31/16.md index 5088578ec0..26bca0b4f8 100644 --- a/num/31/16.md +++ b/num/31/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## who has ever slept with a man ## +# Look -AT: "who has ever had sex with a man." Be sure to translate this in a way that it could be read aloud in church without embarrassment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This word is used here to draw the audience's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# slept with a man + +had sexual relations with a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/18.md b/num/31/18.md index fb2e229538..9de6233fc6 100644 --- a/num/31/18.md +++ b/num/31/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Moses continues speaking to the commanders of the Israelite army. +# General Information: -## All of you ## +Moses speaks to the commanders of the Israelite army about becoming clean before God. + +# who have never slept with a man + +This refers to girls who were virgins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# All of you Moses is referring to anyone who fought in battle, not just the commanders. -## everything made of animal hide and goats’ hair, and everything made of wood ## +# you must purify yourselves -AT: "everything that someone has made of animal hide, goats' hair, or wood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +They must become spiritually clean again before entering the camp. + +# everything made of animal hide and goats' hair, and everything made of wood + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "everything that someone has made of animal hide, goats' hair, or wood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/21.md b/num/31/21.md index 2abe3606df..8a6eb7adb6 100644 --- a/num/31/21.md +++ b/num/31/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## that resists fire ## +# General Information: -AT: "that will not burn" +Eleazar teaches the soldiers the customs of becoming ceremonially clean before Yahweh after going to war. -## put it through the fire ## +# gold, silver, bronze, iron, tin, and lead -AT: "put it into the fire" +metals that were used during that time period -## water of cleansing ## +# that resists fire -This refers to water that someone has mixed with ashes from a sin offering. See: [Numbers 19:17](../19/17.md). \ No newline at end of file +"that will not burn" + +# put it through the fire + +"put it into the fire" + +# water of cleansing + +This refers to water that someone has mixed with ashes from a sin offering. See: [Numbers 19:17-19](../19/17.md). + +# then you will become clean + +These are the customs of becoming ceremonially clean before Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/25.md b/num/31/25.md index 1e1d2a1078..0bc1623c6c 100644 --- a/num/31/25.md +++ b/num/31/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Count all the plundered things that were taken ## +# Count all the plundered things that were taken -AT: "Count all of the possessions that the soldiers took" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Count all of the possessions that the soldiers took" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the leaders of the community’s ancestor’s clans ## +# plunder -AT: "the leaders of each clan" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to all the items taken from the people Israel killed or captured in battle. + +# the leaders of the community's ancestor's clans + +"the leaders of each clan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/28.md b/num/31/28.md index 2a609240b8..d9c9a439db 100644 --- a/num/31/28.md +++ b/num/31/28.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## Then levy a tax to be given to me from the soldiers who went out to battle ## +# General Information: -AT: "Collect a tax from the soldiers' plunder and give it to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"me" refers to Yahweh. -## every five hundred ## +# Then levy a tax to be given to me from the soldiers who went out to battle + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Collect a tax from the soldiers' plunder and give it to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# every five hundred "every 500" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## from their half ## +# from their half "from the soldiers' half" -## to be presented to me ## +# to be presented to me -AT: "which he will present to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which he will present to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/30.md b/num/31/30.md index e96ed96658..756243b110 100644 --- a/num/31/30.md +++ b/num/31/30.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. -## Also from the people of Israel’s half ## +# Also from the people of Israel's half -"Also from the people's half of the plunder" +"Also from the people of Israel's half of the plunder" -## every fifty ## +# every fifty -"every 50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"every 50" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who take care + +those who oversee and maintain the tabernacle and sacrifices to Yahweh \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/32.md b/num/31/32.md index 590e4e537e..0b69f48e5d 100644 --- a/num/31/32.md +++ b/num/31/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Moses begins listing the amount of plunder and how much went to the solders, to the people, and to Yahweh. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Moses begins listing the amount of plunder and how much went to the soldiers, to the people, and to Yahweh. -## 675,000 sheep, 72,000 oxen, 61,000 donkeys, and 32,000 women ## +# 675,000 sheep -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"six hundred and seventy-five thousand sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seventy-two thousand oxen, sixty-one thousand donkeys, and thirty-two thousand women + +"72,000 oxen, 61,000 donkeys, and 32,000 women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# women who had never slept with any man + +This refers to women who are virgins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/36.md b/num/31/36.md index 36f788a457..9825aaced0 100644 --- a/num/31/36.md +++ b/num/31/36.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the soldiers and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## The half that was kept for the soldiers ## +# The half that was kept for the soldiers -AT: "The soldiers' part of the sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The soldiers' part of the sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# 337,000 sheep + +"three hundred and thirty-seven thousand sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# was 675 + +"was six hundred and seventy-five" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# thirty-six thousand + +36,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# seventy-two + +72 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/39.md b/num/31/39.md index 9ac5efc092..125ecc3929 100644 --- a/num/31/39.md +++ b/num/31/39.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the soldiers and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## to be an offering presented to Yahweh ## +# were 30,500 -AT: "to be an offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"were thirty thousand five hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# sixty-one + +61 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# sixteen thousand + +16,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# thirty-two + +32 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to be an offering presented to Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "to be an offering to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/42.md b/num/31/42.md index 9d8cefdc00..2108432923 100644 --- a/num/31/42.md +++ b/num/31/42.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the people and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the people and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# 337,500 sheep + +"three hundred and thirty-seven thousand five hundred sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# thirty-six thousand oxen + +36,000 oxen (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# sixteen thousand women + +"16,000 women". It has been stated earlier that all the males and the married women captives were put to death (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/47.md b/num/31/47.md index 9d8cefdc00..5add2aabbe 100644 --- a/num/31/47.md +++ b/num/31/47.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the people and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the people and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# General Information: + +The tax on the people's portion was higher than the tax on the soldiers' portion. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/48.md b/num/31/48.md index 3fb3e092d4..00f6ca1c3c 100644 --- a/num/31/48.md +++ b/num/31/48.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the commanders over thousands ## +# the commanders over thousands and the captains over hundreds -AT: "the men who commanded 1,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. AT: "the commanders over 1,000 soldiers and the captains over 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "the commanders over large military divisions and the captains over smaller military divisions" See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 31:14](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## the commanders over hundreds ## +# Your servants have counted -AT: "the men who commanded 100 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +The commanders refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority. -## Your servants have counted ## +# not one man is missing -The commanders refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in a positive statement. "we know for certain that every man is here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/50.md b/num/31/50.md index 6e33d355a8..09f6d8672b 100644 --- a/num/31/50.md +++ b/num/31/50.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The officers of the army continue speaking to Moses. -## armlets and bracelets, signet rings, earrings, and necklaces ## +# armlets and bracelets, signet rings, earrings, and necklaces These are all types of jewelry that people wore. -## the gold and all the articles of craftmanship ## +# to make atonement for ourselves before Yahweh -AT: "all the articles of gold" or "all the golden jewelry" +"to thank God for saving our lives" -## to make atonement for ourselves before Yahweh ## +# the gold and all the articles of craftsmanship -AT: "to thank God for saving our lives" \ No newline at end of file +"all the articles of gold" or "all the golden jewelry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/52.md b/num/31/52.md index 487616e482..d4801a1d97 100644 --- a/num/31/52.md +++ b/num/31/52.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## All the gold of the offering that they gave to Yahweh—the offerings from the commanders of thousands and from the captains of hundreds—weighed ## +# All the gold of the offering that they gave to Yahweh—the offerings from the commanders of thousands and from the captains of hundreds—weighed -AT: "All the gold which the commanders of the army gave to Yahweh weighed" +"All the gold of the offering that the commanders of thousands and the captains of hundreds gave to Yahweh weighed" -## 16,750 ## +# from the commanders of thousands and from the captains of hundreds -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. AT: "from the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and from the captains of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. AT: "from the commanders of large military divisions and from the captains of smaller military divisions" See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 31:14](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## shekel ## +# 16,750 -A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +"sixteen thousand, seven hundred and fifty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## as a reminder of the people of Israel for Yahweh ## +# shekels + +A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# as a reminder of the people of Israel for Yahweh The gold will remind the people that Yahweh gave them victory. It will also remind Yahweh that the people fulfilled his revenge on the Midianites. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/31/intro.md b/num/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2cec412c57 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 31 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Midianites ##### + +Israel killed the Midianites, including Balaam, for tempting them to worship Baal. This battle was at Yahweh's command. Yahweh would bring justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/01.md b/num/32/01.md index 479e3bcc22..827f3d7139 100644 --- a/num/32/01.md +++ b/num/32/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Now ## +# Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main storyline. Here Moses tells background information about the tribes of Reuben and Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon ## +# Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/04.md b/num/32/04.md index 1cf4da3519..4716e7f722 100644 --- a/num/32/04.md +++ b/num/32/04.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The people from Reuben and Gad continue speaking to Moses, Eleazar, and the other leaders. -## the lands that Yahweh attacked before the community of Israel ## +# the lands that Yahweh attacked before the community of Israel -AT: "the lands where Yahweh enabled us to defeat the people living there" +Yahweh enabling the Israelites to conquer the people who lived in the land is spoken of as if Yahweh went before the Israelites and attacked the people. AT: "the lands where Yahweh enabled us to defeat the people living there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## We, your servants ## +# We, your servants -This is a polite way to show respect to a person of higher authority. +The people of the tribes of Reuben and Gad refer to themselves in this way to show respect to a person of higher authority. -## If we have found favor in your sight ## +# If we have found favor in your eyes -This is a way to make a very polite request. AT: "Please" +Here "found favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that the leaders are pleased with them. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "If we have found favor with you" or "If you are pleased with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## let this land be given to us ## +# let this land be given to us -AT: "give this land to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "give this land to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Do not make us cross over the Jordan ## +# Do not make us cross over the Jordan -AT: "Do not give us land across (east of) the Jordan River" \ No newline at end of file +They wanted the land on the east side of the Jordan River instead of crossing over to the west side and claiming land there. AT: "Do not make us cross over the Jordan to take possession of land on that side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/06.md b/num/32/06.md index b6c1cbadb3..126ce2d512 100644 --- a/num/32/06.md +++ b/num/32/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Should your brothers...Yahweh has given them? ## +# Should your brothers go to war while you settle down here? -Moses uses questions to emphasize that the people from Gad and Reuben need to help the other tribes take the land that Yahweh has promised them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses asks this question to rebuke the people from the tribes of Gad and Reuben. AT: "It is wrong for you to settle down in this land while your brothers go to war." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## discourage the hearts of the people of Israel from going ## +# Why discourage the hearts ... the land that Yahweh has given them? -AT: "cause the people of Israel to lose confidence about going" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Moses asks this question to correct the people from the tribes of Gad and Reuben. AT: "Do not discourage the hearts ... the land that Yahweh has given them." or "Your actions would discourage the hearts ... the land that Yahweh has given them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# discourage the hearts of the people of Israel from going + +Here the word "hearts" represents the people themselves and refers to the seat of their emotions. AT: "discourage the people of Israel from going" or "cause the people of Israel to not want to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/08.md b/num/32/08.md index 7de1f83ce5..f0f247e77c 100644 --- a/num/32/08.md +++ b/num/32/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Moses continues speaking to the people of Reuben and Gad. -## Valley of Eshcol ## +# Valley of Eshkol -See how you translated this in [Numbers 13:23](../13/23.md). +This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Numbers 13:23](../13/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## They saw the land ## +# They saw the land -"They saw the strong people and cities in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This refers to seeing what was in the land. AT: "They saw the strong people and cities in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## then discouraged the hearts of the people of Israel ## +# discouraged the hearts of the people of Israel -AT: "then caused the people to lose confidence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hearts" represents the people themselves and refers to the seat of their emotions. See how you translated this in [Numbers 32:7](./06.md). AT: "discouraged the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/10.md b/num/32/10.md index 961174774e..843e43c613 100644 --- a/num/32/10.md +++ b/num/32/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Yahweh's anger was kindled on that day ## +# Yahweh's anger was kindled -This compares Yahweh's anger to someone starting a fire. AT: "Yahweh became angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Yahweh becoming angry is spoken of as if his anger was a fire that begins to burn. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## none of the men ## +# none of the men -AT: "no man or woman" +"none of the people." This phrase refers to both men and women. -## twenty years old and up ## +# twenty years old and up "20 years old or older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## completely followed me ## +# completely followed me -AT: "completely obeyed me" or "believed that I could cause them to conquer the land" +Being devoted to Yahweh and obeying him are spoken of as if they were following Yahweh. AT: "completely obeyed me" or "been completely devoted to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Jephunneh...Nun ## +# Jephunneh ... Nun These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Kenizzite ## +# Kenizzite This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/13.md b/num/32/13.md index 485cecd31a..90dfb958e0 100644 --- a/num/32/13.md +++ b/num/32/13.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## So Yahweh’s anger was kindled against Israel ## +# Yahweh's anger was kindled against Israel -AT: "So Yahweh was angry with the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Yahweh becoming angry is spoken of as if his anger was a fire that begins to burn. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh became very angry with Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## forty years ## +# forty years -"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]]) +"40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## who had done evil in his sight ## +# all the generation ... sight was destroyed -AT: "who had done evil before Yahweh" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he destroyed all the generation ... sight" or "all the generation ... sight had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## was destroyed ## +# who had done evil in his sight -AT: "had died" +Being in someone's sight means to be in front of that person where he can see. AT: "who had done evil before Yahweh" or "who had done evil in Yahweh's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you have risen up in your fathers’ place ## +# you have risen up in your fathers' place -Moses is speaking to the people of Reuben and Gad. AT: "you have taken your ancestors' place" +The people of Reuben and Gad acting like their ancestors did is spoken of as if they were standing in the place where their ancestors did. AT: "you have begun to act just like your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to add to Yahweh’s burning anger ## +# to add to Yahweh's burning anger toward Israel -AT: "to increase Yahweh's terrible anger" +The people causing Yahweh to become angrier is spoken of as if his anger was a fire and the people are adding more fuel to that fire. AT: "to cause Yahweh to be even more angry with Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## all this people ## +# all this people -AT: "this entire people" or "all this generation of people" \ No newline at end of file +"this entire people" or "all this generation of people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/16.md b/num/32/16.md index 9f48ac657b..14ebb3bf17 100644 --- a/num/32/16.md +++ b/num/32/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## will be ready and armed ## +# will be ready and armed "will be ready with weapons" or "will be ready to fight a war" -## in the fortified cities ## +# in the fortified cities "in the secured cities" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/18.md b/num/32/18.md index dfd1e65dea..3cd201b82c 100644 --- a/num/32/18.md +++ b/num/32/18.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + The leaders of Gad and Reuben continue speaking. -## has obtained his inheritance ## +# has obtained his inheritance -AT: "has received the land he is to inherit" \ No newline at end of file +The land that the people were to receive as a permanent possession is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they were to obtain. AT: "has taken possession of his portion of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/20.md b/num/32/20.md index 88a547d126..c66567354c 100644 --- a/num/32/20.md +++ b/num/32/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## if you arm yourselves ## +# if you arm yourselves -AT: "if you take your weapons" +"if you take your weapons" -## before Yahweh ## +# before Yahweh -This means Yahweh will go with them to battle and enable them to defeat their enemy and take their land. AT: "in the presence of Yahweh" +This means Yahweh will go with them to battle and enable them to defeat their enemy and take their land. AT: "in the presence of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## until he has driven out his enemies from before him ## +# until he has driven out his enemies from before him -AT: "until Yahweh has enabled your soldiers to defeat the enemy and drive them from his presence" +"until Yahweh has driven out his enemies from his presence." The pronouns here all refer to Yahweh. Yahweh enabling the Israelites to defeat their enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh were fighting their battles. AT: "until Yahweh has enabled your soldiers to defeat the enemy and force them away from his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and the land is subdued before him ## +# the land is subdued before him -AT: "and the Israelites have taken the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here the word "land" refers to the people who live there. This can be stated in active form. AT: "in his presence the Israelites have subdued the people who live in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you may return ## +# you may return -AT: "you may return to your land on the east side of the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +It is implied that they will return to the east side of the Jordan. AT: "you may return to this land on the east side of the Jordan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## You will be guiltless towards Yahweh and towards Israel ## +# You will be guiltless toward Yahweh and toward Israel -"Yahweh and the people of Israel will consider this fair" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "You will have fulfilled your obligation to Yahweh and to Israel" or 2) "There will be nothing for which Yahweh or the people of Israel can blame you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/23.md b/num/32/23.md index bfd9a6505f..b5b7ecd728 100644 --- a/num/32/23.md +++ b/num/32/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Be sure that your sin will find you out ## +# Be sure that your sin will find you out -This means Yahweh will hold them responsible for their sin and he will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Moses speaks of sin as if it were a person who will condemn the guilty person. This means that the people cannot escape the punishment that their sin deserves. AT: "Know for sure that Yahweh will punish you for your sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Your servants ## +# Your servants The people of Gad and Reuben refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a polite way of speaking to someone with greater authority. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/26.md b/num/32/26.md index aafb6cc2f2..ba052dbd3c 100644 --- a/num/32/26.md +++ b/num/32/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## will cross over ## +# will cross over -AT: "will cross over the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +You can make it clear that they will cross over the Jordan. AT: "will cross over the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## every man who is armed for war ## +# every man who is armed for war "every man prepared for war" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/28.md b/num/32/28.md index 8a4b0af487..5e44bb20c0 100644 --- a/num/32/28.md +++ b/num/32/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## every man who is armed ## +# every man who is armed -AT: "every man who is ready with his weapon" +"every man who is ready with his weapon" -## if the land is subdued before you ## +# if the land is subdued before you -AT: "if they help you defeat the people living in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here the word "land" refers to the people who live there. This can be stated in active form. AT: "if Yahweh subdues before you the people living in the land" or "if they help you subdue the people living in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## then they will acquire their possessions among you in the land of Canaan ## +# then they will acquire their possessions among you in the land of Canaan -AT: "then the descendants of Gad and Reuben will receive land with you in Canaan and not be allowed to stay east of the Jordan River" \ No newline at end of file +"then the descendants of Gad and Reuben will receive land with you in Canaan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/31.md b/num/32/31.md index 598ae0e1fb..710c4c5bc1 100644 --- a/num/32/31.md +++ b/num/32/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## cross over armed ## +# We will cross over armed -AT: "cross over the Jordan River ready to fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +You can make it clear that they will cross the Jordan. AT: "We will cross over the Jordan ready to fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## our possessed inheritance ## +# our possessed inheritance -AT: "the land we will inherit" \ No newline at end of file +The land that the people were to receive as a permanent possession is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they were to obtain. AT: "the portion of land that we will possess" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will remain with us + +This idiom refers to ownership. AT: "will be ours" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/33.md b/num/32/33.md index 2efe61aeb0..b499118d20 100644 --- a/num/32/33.md +++ b/num/32/33.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Sihon...Og ## +# the kingdom of Sihon ... and of Og -These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are names of kings who ruled two separate kingdoms. AT: "the kingdom of Sihon ... and the kingdom of Og" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/34.md b/num/32/34.md index 668b7070af..aab8cb40d8 100644 --- a/num/32/34.md +++ b/num/32/34.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Dibon, Ataroth, Aroer, Atroth Shophan, Jazer, Jogbehah, Beth Nimrah, and Beth Haran ## +# Dibon, Ataroth, Aroer, Atroth Shophan, Jazer, Jogbehah, Beth Nimrah, and Beth Haran These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/37.md b/num/32/37.md index 27a83fe85a..6198c59580 100644 --- a/num/32/37.md +++ b/num/32/37.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Heshbon, Elealeh, Kiriathaim,Nebo, Baal Meon...and Sibmah ## +# Heshbon, Elealeh, Kiriathaim, Nebo, Baal Meon ... Sibmah These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Machir ## +# their names were later changed -See how you translated this name in [Numbers 26:28](../26/28.md). \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "people later changed the names of these cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Machir + +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Numbers 26:29](../26/28.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/40.md b/num/32/40.md index ff9a2750d6..59ca7c6e4f 100644 --- a/num/32/40.md +++ b/num/32/40.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Jair...Nobah ## +# Jair ... Nobah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Havvoth Jair...Kenath ## +# Havvoth Jair ... Kenath These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/32/intro.md b/num/32/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c46153b565 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/32/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 32 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Reuben and Gad's inheritance ##### + +Reuben and Gad were given the land conquered east of the Jordan River. This land had good pastures, and suited these tribes because they had many sheep, goats and cattle. They had not yet entered into the Promised Land, and it would have been sinful to not fight with the rest of Israel. So they promised to enter the land to fight with the other tribes, and then return to their own land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/01.md b/num/33/01.md index beb294fbed..abc1a69816 100644 --- a/num/33/01.md +++ b/num/33/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## by their armed groups ## +# by their armed groups -This means that each tribe had their own men, who were armed, to protect them. AT: "by their military group" or "by their armies" +"by their military divisions." This means that each tribe had their own men, who were armed, to protect them. See how you translated "armed groups" in [Numbers 1:3](../01/01.md). -## as commanded by Yahweh ## +# as commanded by Yahweh -AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## departure after departure ## +# departure after departure -AT: "from one place to another place" \ No newline at end of file +"from one place to another place" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/03.md b/num/33/03.md index 097fd956f5..8c3c533df8 100644 --- a/num/33/03.md +++ b/num/33/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## They traveled from Rameses during the first month, leaving on the fifteenth day of the first month ## +# during the first month, leaving on the fifteenth day of the first month -AT: "They traveled from Rameses, leaving on the 15th day of the 1st month" +Here "first" is the ordinal number one and "fifteenth" is the ordinal number fifteen. This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## month...day ## +# the people of Israel left openly, in the sight of all the Egyptians -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]) +"the Israelites left in plain view of the Egyptians" -## the people of Israel left openly, in the sight of all the Egyptians ## +# their firstborn -AT: "the Israelites left in plain view of the Egyptians" +This refers to the firstborn sons. AT: "their firstborn sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## their firstborn ## +# he also inflicted punishment on their gods -AT: "their firstborn son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) - -## for he also inflicted punishment on their gods ## - -This means that when Yahweh caused the plagues in Egypt, he proved that he was more powerful than all the false gods that the Egyptians worshiped. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh proving that he is more powerful than all of the false gods that the Egyptians worshiped is spoken of as if Yahweh punished those false gods. AT: "he also proved that he is greater than their gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/05.md b/num/33/05.md index 3f590cbc8c..6a8dfb818e 100644 --- a/num/33/05.md +++ b/num/33/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## set out from ## +# set out from "departed from" -## on the edge of the wilderness ## +# on the edge of the wilderness "on the border of the wilderness" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/08.md b/num/33/08.md index 24a391dd8a..7ecbb3ccb3 100644 --- a/num/33/08.md +++ b/num/33/08.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## passed through the middle of the sea ## +# passed through the middle of the sea This refers to when Yahweh divided the Red Sea so that the Israelites could escape from the Egyptian army. -## twelve springs...seventy palm trees ## +# twelve springs ... seventy palm trees -"12 springs...70 palm trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"12 springs ... 70 palm trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/11.md b/num/33/11.md index 07cc2346e0..a5335c56cd 100644 --- a/num/33/11.md +++ b/num/33/11.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## where no water was found for the people to drink ## +# where no water was found for the people to drink -AT: "where the people could not find water to drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where the people could not find water to drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/15.md b/num/33/15.md index 87ca16c8f2..9b0860cdfb 100644 --- a/num/33/15.md +++ b/num/33/15.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/19.md b/num/33/19.md index 87ca16c8f2..9b0860cdfb 100644 --- a/num/33/19.md +++ b/num/33/19.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/23.md b/num/33/23.md index 87ca16c8f2..9b0860cdfb 100644 --- a/num/33/23.md +++ b/num/33/23.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/27.md b/num/33/27.md index 87ca16c8f2..9b0860cdfb 100644 --- a/num/33/27.md +++ b/num/33/27.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/31.md b/num/33/31.md index 87ca16c8f2..9b0860cdfb 100644 --- a/num/33/31.md +++ b/num/33/31.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/35.md b/num/33/35.md index 87ca16c8f2..9b0860cdfb 100644 --- a/num/33/35.md +++ b/num/33/35.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/38.md b/num/33/38.md index 7d5e861f3c..69c9ab49b8 100644 --- a/num/33/38.md +++ b/num/33/38.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## in the fortieth year after ## +# in the fortieth year after -AT: "40 years after" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Here "fortieth" is the ordinal number for forty. AT: "40 years after" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## year...month...day ## +# in the fifth month, on the first day of the month -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltime]]) \ No newline at end of file +This "fifth" is the ordinal number for five. This "first" is the ordinal number for one. This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# 123 years old + +"one hundred and twenty-three years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/40.md b/num/33/40.md index 50d29160fc..34131de59e 100644 --- a/num/33/40.md +++ b/num/33/40.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## The Canaanite, the king of Arad ## +# The Canaanite, the king of Arad -AT: "The Canaanite king of Arad" +"The Canaanite king of Arad" -## Arad ## +# Arad -This was the name of a Canaanite city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This was the name of a Canaanite city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# heard of the coming of the people of Israel + +"heard that the people of Israel were coming" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/41.md b/num/33/41.md index 87ca16c8f2..9b0860cdfb 100644 --- a/num/33/41.md +++ b/num/33/41.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/44.md b/num/33/44.md index 87ca16c8f2..9b0860cdfb 100644 --- a/num/33/44.md +++ b/num/33/44.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/47.md b/num/33/47.md index cb9a01dd97..068acaea92 100644 --- a/num/33/47.md +++ b/num/33/47.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## plains ## +# plains a large area of flat land \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/50.md b/num/33/50.md index 08fe83c4ef..58ea2fe8ff 100644 --- a/num/33/50.md +++ b/num/33/50.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## demolish all their shrines ## +# demolish all their high places -"destroy all of their shrines" \ No newline at end of file +"destroy all of their high places" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/53.md b/num/33/53.md index f745d298f9..11ae381d73 100644 --- a/num/33/53.md +++ b/num/33/53.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## Wherever the lot falls to each clan, that land will belong to it ## +# inherit the land -AT: "Each clan will receive the land according to how the lot falls" \ No newline at end of file +The Israelites claiming the land as their permanent possession is spoken of as if they were inheriting the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Wherever the lot falls to each clan, that land will belong to it + +"Each clan will receive the land according to how the lot falls" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/55.md b/num/33/55.md index bdb01cb5ea..4947ae8d84 100644 --- a/num/33/55.md +++ b/num/33/55.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## like objects in your eyes and thorns in your sides ## +# like objects in your eyes and thorns in your sides -This means that the people allowed to stay on their land will cause trouble for the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Just like a small object in a person's eye or a small thorn that sticks into a person skin can cause great irritation, so even a small portion of the Canaanites, if left in the land, would cause great trouble for the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/33/intro.md b/num/33/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..97a5289d7b --- /dev/null +++ b/num/33/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Numbers 33 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a summary of Israel's exodus from Egypt to the Promised Land, including their wandering through the desert. The phrase "they set out" means "they left." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/01.md b/num/34/01.md index 693bf8422b..d8e9c900f8 100644 --- a/num/34/01.md +++ b/num/34/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Wilderness of Zin ## +# wilderness of Zin -See how you translated this in [Numbers 33:11](../33/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 33:12](../33/11.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/04.md b/num/34/04.md index 034fe6ef36..585cdfc462 100644 --- a/num/34/04.md +++ b/num/34/04.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/06.md b/num/34/06.md index be57149738..bf197fef2f 100644 --- a/num/34/06.md +++ b/num/34/06.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/07.md b/num/34/07.md index 4199f7386e..5ee6f2df8a 100644 --- a/num/34/07.md +++ b/num/34/07.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Mount Hor ## +# Mount Hor -See how you translated this in [Numbers 20:22](../20/22.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this name in [Numbers 20:22](../20/22.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/10.md b/num/34/10.md index c3151d5fbd..585cdfc462 100644 --- a/num/34/10.md +++ b/num/34/10.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# General Information: -## sea of Kinnereth ## - -This is another name for the Sea of Galilee. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/13.md b/num/34/13.md index cd5bc101be..88643afac8 100644 --- a/num/34/13.md +++ b/num/34/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## to the nine tribes and to the half tribe ## +# to the nine tribes and to the half tribe This means the remaining tribes of Israel who will live on the west side of the Jordan River in the land of Canaan. The tribes of Reuben and Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh had already received their land on the east side of the Jordan River. -## following the assignment of property to their ancestor's tribe ## +# following the assignment of property to their ancestor's tribe -AT: "have received land according to their ancestor's tribe" +"according to how Yahweh assigned the property to their ancestor's tribe" -## The two tribes and the half tribe ## +# The two tribes and the half tribe -AT: "The tribes of Reuben, Gad, and half of the tribe of Manasseh" \ No newline at end of file +"The tribes of Reuben and Gad, and half of the tribe of Manasseh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/16.md b/num/34/16.md index 79173905d0..1990b78c83 100644 --- a/num/34/16.md +++ b/num/34/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## divide the land for your inheritance ## +# divide the land for your inheritance Here "your" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. These men will cast lots to divide the land. Then they will distribute it to the tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/19.md b/num/34/19.md index 061ef794da..dc66c06bc0 100644 --- a/num/34/19.md +++ b/num/34/19.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + This is the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/21.md b/num/34/21.md index f3fcd3cbbb..197828d215 100644 --- a/num/34/21.md +++ b/num/34/21.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/24.md b/num/34/24.md index f3fcd3cbbb..197828d215 100644 --- a/num/34/24.md +++ b/num/34/24.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + This continues the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/27.md b/num/34/27.md index b09dacf70a..b8455b2ae4 100644 --- a/num/34/27.md +++ b/num/34/27.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + This concludes the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/34/intro.md b/num/34/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b8941c83a --- /dev/null +++ b/num/34/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Numbers 34 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 34:19-28, which are a list. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### The boundaries ##### +Moses told them all of the land they would inherit and live in and said that they should divide it up by casting lots. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/01.md b/num/35/01.md index 978080be12..cca5efc56e 100644 --- a/num/35/01.md +++ b/num/35/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## plains ## +# plains a large area of flat land -## give some of their own shares of land to the Levites ## +# give some of their own shares of land to the Levites -The Levites did not receive land by lot like the other tribes. Each tribe gave some of their land to the Levites. +Yahweh did not give the Levites their own land, so they had to live in cities that belonged to other tribes. -## pastureland ## +# pastureland an area of land where animals feed on grass \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/03.md b/num/35/03.md index 5b7a4ed840..8ce594bbdf 100644 --- a/num/35/03.md +++ b/num/35/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## one thousand cubits ## +# one thousand cubits -"1,000 cubits." A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"1,000 cubits." If it is necessary to use modern distance units, here is a way of doing it. AT: "457 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/05.md b/num/35/05.md index 2c859a0262..8ab7445b42 100644 --- a/num/35/05.md +++ b/num/35/05.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## two thousand cubits ## +# two thousand cubits -"2,000 cubits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaldistance]]) \ No newline at end of file +"2,000 cubits." A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/06.md b/num/35/06.md index 1f7048c77b..ebbcbd25fc 100644 --- a/num/35/06.md +++ b/num/35/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## accused murderers ## +# a person who has killed someone -This refers to a person who has killed someone, but it had not yet been proven that it was not an accident. +This refers to people who have killed someone, but it had not yet been determined whether they killed the person intentionally or accidentally. -## forty-two...forty-eight ## +# forty-two ... forty-eight -two...forty-eight** - "42...48" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"42 ... 48" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/08.md b/num/35/08.md index 8c658b3d73..bc810681f8 100644 --- a/num/35/08.md +++ b/num/35/08.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/09.md b/num/35/09.md index dd9dba6457..1645406eac 100644 --- a/num/35/09.md +++ b/num/35/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## unintentionally ## +# unintentionally "accidentally" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/12.md b/num/35/12.md index 43cc7bc2dc..46aedd3735 100644 --- a/num/35/12.md +++ b/num/35/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the avenger ## +# the avenger This refers to a close relative that seeks vengeance by killing the accused man. -## so that the accused man will not be killed without standing on trial before the community first ## +# so that the accused man will not be killed without first standing trial before the community -AT: "so that no one will kill the accused man before the community is able to judge him in court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that no one will kill the accused man before the community is able to judge him in court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/14.md b/num/35/14.md index 8c658b3d73..bc810681f8 100644 --- a/num/35/14.md +++ b/num/35/14.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/16.md b/num/35/16.md index ca60960aee..33381240aa 100644 --- a/num/35/16.md +++ b/num/35/16.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## He must certainly be put to death ## +# He must certainly be put to death -AT: "You must certainly execute him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must certainly execute him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/19.md b/num/35/19.md index 79b95b1c7e..d3dbde3f2a 100644 --- a/num/35/19.md +++ b/num/35/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## The blood avenger ## +# The avenger of blood -AT: "The relative seeking vengeance" +Here the word "blood" is a metonym for the murder. AT: "The one who avenges the murder" or "The relative seeking vengeance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## manhandles a victim ## +# the accused who struck him must surely be put to death -AT: "overpowers a victim" or "acts violently towards a victim" - -## then the accused who struck him must surely be put to death ## - -AT: "the relative must certainly execute the accused man" or "the accused man must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the relative must certainly execute the accused man" or "the accused man must die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/22.md b/num/35/22.md index 71cb97110c..4034fbe4bf 100644 --- a/num/35/22.md +++ b/num/35/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## without premeditated hate ## +# without premeditated hate -AT: "without hate and without planning it ahead of time" +"without planning it out of hate ahead of time" -## without lying in wait ## +# without lying in wait -AT: "accidentally" \ No newline at end of file +Someone intentionally seeking a way to harm another person is spoken of as if someone were hiding in order to ambush that other person. AT: "without intentionally having tried to harm the victim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/24.md b/num/35/24.md index 6e60f7665b..c01d5ec52e 100644 --- a/num/35/24.md +++ b/num/35/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the blood avenger ## +# the avenger of blood -AT: "the relative seeking vengeance" +Here the word "blood" is a metonym for the murder. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 35:19](./19.md). AT: "the one who avenges the murder" or "the relative seeking vengeance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## The community must rescue the accused ## +# The community must rescue the accused -This means if the community judges that the death was accidental. If the community judges that the death was not accidental, then the relative must execute the accused man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This means if the community judges that the death was accidental then they must save the accused man from the relative who wants to kill him. If the community judges that the death was not accidental, then the relative must execute the accused man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the one who was anointed with the holy oil ## +# the one who was anointed with the holy oil -AT: "the one you anointed with holy oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one you anointed with holy oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/26.md b/num/35/26.md index f13c757e76..f4a3195016 100644 --- a/num/35/26.md +++ b/num/35/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## the blood avenger ## +# the avenger of blood -AT: "the relative seeking vengeance" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "blood" is a metonym for the murder. See how you translated these words in [Numbers 35:19](./19.md). AT: "the one who avenges the murder" or "the relative seeking vengeance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/29.md b/num/35/29.md index 33964c0c79..2b03dc0477 100644 --- a/num/35/29.md +++ b/num/35/29.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -## These laws must be for you statutes through all your people’s generations ## +# through all your people's generations -AT: "These are laws for you and all of your descendants" +"and all of your descendants who will live after you" -## the murderer must be killed ## +# the murderer must be killed -AT: "you must execute the murderer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone must execute the murderer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## as testified to by the words of witnesses ## +# as testified to by the words of witnesses -AT: "according to the testimony of witnesses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "according to the testimony of witnesses" or "as witnesses testify to the murder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## But one witness' word alone may not cause any person to be put to death ## +# But one witness' word alone may not cause any person to be put to death -AT: "But if only one witness testifies, then you will not execute the accused man" \ No newline at end of file +The testimony of one witness is not enough to execute a person for murder. This can be stated in active form. AT: "But the word of only one witness is not enough for you to execute a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/31.md b/num/35/31.md index 55197499bf..80a5977fc9 100644 --- a/num/35/31.md +++ b/num/35/31.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He must certainly be put to death ## +# He must certainly be put to death -AT: "You must execute him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must execute him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## You must not in this way allow him to reside on his own property ## +# You must not ... allow him to reside on his own property -AT: "You must not allow him to return to his home to live on his own property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +This implied that the man would have left the city of refuge and returned home. AT: "You must not ... allow him to leave the city of refuge and return home to live on his own property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in this way + +"by accepting a ransom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/33.md b/num/35/33.md index 5470fc5f46..e90a65cc4f 100644 --- a/num/35/33.md +++ b/num/35/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Do not pollute in this way the land where you live ## +# Do not pollute in this way the land where you live, because blood from murder pollutes the land -Here "pollute" means to make the land unacceptable to God. "Do not defile the land where you live in this way" or "Do not make the land where you live unclean in this way" +Making the land unacceptable to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were physically polluting the land. AT: "Do not make the land where you live unacceptable to me in this way, because blood from murder makes the land unacceptable to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in this way ## +# in this way This means by disobeying the laws concerning a person who kills someone. -## No atonement can be made for the land when blood has been shed on it, except by the blood of the one who shed it ## +# No atonement can be made for the land when blood has been shed on it, except by the blood of the one who shed it -This refers to when a person intentionally kills another person. AT: "Only the execution of the murderer can make the land acceptable to God again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to when a person intentionally kills another person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When someone has shed blood in the land, only the execution of the murderer can make atonement for the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/35/intro.md b/num/35/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1ee37ef23b --- /dev/null +++ b/num/35/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Numbers 35 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### +This chapter continues the material from the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Revenge ##### +Yahweh told Moses to establish safe places for people who accidentally killed other people. This prevented revenge killings. Justice is an important concept in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/36/01.md b/num/36/01.md index 43ccd48999..7c7af6a6e6 100644 --- a/num/36/01.md +++ b/num/36/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## Then the leaders of their ancestor’s families in the clan founded by Gilead ## +# Machir -AT: "Then the leaders of the families in the clan of Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 26:29](../26/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the leaders of the clans of Joseph’s descendants ## +# You were commanded by Yahweh -AT: "the descendants of Joseph" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh commanded you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Machir ## +# Zelophehad -See how you translated this name in [Numbers 26:28](../26/28.md). - -## You were commanded by Yahweh ## - -AT: "Yahweh commanded you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## to give the share of Zelophehad our brother to his daughters ## - -Zelophehad's daughters received the land since he died and had no sons. See 27:1-8. - -## Zelophehad ## - -See how you translated this name in [Numbers 26:33](../26/33.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 26:33](../26/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/36/03.md b/num/36/03.md index cdaa2d51aa..41c7ab3906 100644 --- a/num/36/03.md +++ b/num/36/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## will be removed from our ancestor’s share ## +# will be removed from our ancestor's share -AT: "will no longer belong to our ancestor's share" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will no longer belong to our ancestor's share" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## It will be added ## +# It will be added -AT: "It will belong to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It will belong to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## it will be removed from the assigned share of our inheritance ## +# it will be removed from the assigned share of our inheritance -AT: "it will no longer be a part of our inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will no longer be a part of our inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## jubilee of the people ## +# the year of Jubilee of the people -This refers to a celebration which happens once every 50 years. In this celebration, all land that someone sold or traded must return to the original owner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This refers to a celebration which happens once every fifty years. In this celebration, all land that someone sold or traded must return to the original owner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## their share will be joined ## +# their share will be joined -AT: "their share will belong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "their share will belong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## their share will be taken away from the share of our ancestors’ tribe ## +# their share will be taken away from the share of our ancestors' tribe -AT: "they will take our tribe's share of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will take our tribe's share of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/36/05.md b/num/36/05.md index 69b56b1afd..a72d128f01 100644 --- a/num/36/05.md +++ b/num/36/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## at Yahweh’s word ## +# at Yahweh's word -AT: "according to what Yahweh said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"according to what Yahweh said" -## Let them be married to whom they think best ## +# Let them be married to whom they think best -AT: "Let them marry whom they want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let them marry whom they want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## but they must be married only within their father's tribe ## +# but they must be married only within their father's tribe -AT: "but they may only marry someone from their father's tribe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but they may only marry someone from their father's tribe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/36/07.md b/num/36/07.md index 5593f388ee..469b450b3a 100644 --- a/num/36/07.md +++ b/num/36/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## No share ## +# No share -"No portion of the land" \ No newline at end of file +The word "share" represents the portion of land that each tribe received as an inheritance. AT: "No portion of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/36/08.md b/num/36/08.md index 14c0bb3a85..84f0d72d41 100644 --- a/num/36/08.md +++ b/num/36/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## No share may change hands ## +# who owns a share in her tribe -AT: "No one may give land to another tribe permanently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"who owns a share of land in her tribe" + +# may own an inheritance + +The land that each clan possesses is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# No share may change hands from one tribe to another + +Transferring ownership from one tribe to another is spoken of as if the property passed from one person's hands to another person's hands. AT: "No one may transfer the ownership of any share of land from one tribe to another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/36/10.md b/num/36/10.md index b8356a58c9..239b5d7f2d 100644 --- a/num/36/10.md +++ b/num/36/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Mahlah, Tirzah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Noah ## +# Mahlah, Tirzah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Noah -See how you translated these names in [Numbers 26:33](../26/33.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated these women's names in [Numbers 26:33](../26/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# their inheritances + +The land that each of Zelophehad's daughters possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received. AT: "the lands that they received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/36/13.md b/num/36/13.md index 33c2b163ef..6f7afecdd5 100644 --- a/num/36/13.md +++ b/num/36/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## plains ## +# plains a large area of flat land \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/36/intro.md b/num/36/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b11079301 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/36/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Numbers 36 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### Female heirs ##### + +Women who inherited land from their father must marry men from their tribe so the inheritance does not leave the tribe. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Numbers 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../35/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/front/intro.md b/num/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cfe61cb834 --- /dev/null +++ b/num/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +# Introduction to Numbers # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Numbers #### + +1. Preparing to leave Sinai (1:1–10:10) + - Census and calling the tribes together (1:1–4:49) + - Regulations (5:1–6:27) + - Dedication of the Altar (7:1-89) + - Candlestick, setting apart the Levites (8:1–29); + - Second Passover, the cloud to lead them, trumpets (9:1–10:10) +1. Sinai to Moab, through the wilderness (10:11–17:13) + - Complaining and murmuring (10:11–11:15); the quails (11:16–35) + - Miriam's leprosy (12:1–16) + - The spies selected and sent (13:1–14:45) + - Commands (15:1-41) + - Korah's rebellion (16:1–17:13); +1. The Priests and purification (18:1-19:22) + - Priests and Levites (18:1–32) + - The law of purification (19:1–22) +1. Conflicts (20:1–21:35) + - Miriam's death (20:1–13) + - Edom's refusal and Aaron's death (20:14–29) + - Journey to Moab (21:1–35) +1. The Plains of Moab (22–36) + - Balaam (22:1–24:25) + - Baal Peor (25:1–18) + - Second census (26:1-65) + - Inheritance rights for daughters, and Joshua's succession to Moses' place (27:1–23) + - Offerings and women's vows (28:1–30:16) + - Midianite war (31:1–54) + - Across the Jordan (32:1–42) + - The people set up camp (33:1–56) + - Territory of West Jordan; Levitical cities and cities of refuge (34:1–35:34) + - Marriage of female heirs (36) + +#### What is the Book of Numbers about? #### + +Numbers is the story of the people of Israel as they traveled from Mount Sinai in the wilderness to the Jordan River. After many hardships, the Israelites were very discouraged, and they rebelled against the leaders whom God had given them. It was at the Jordan River that the people of Israel refused to enter the Promised Land. Because the Israelites were afraid to follow Yahweh's guidance, he delayed Israel's entry for forty years (13:1–14:45). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The title of this book, "Numbers," refers to the census that was to be taken of the Israelites. Unless the people of the project language are already familiar with the name "Numbers" from other Bible versions, the translator should consider creating a modified name, such as "The Counting of the People of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/census]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Numbers? #### + +The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the Book of Numbers. However, later scribes and priests probably put the book into its present form; they included material from other sources such as eyewitness accounts and books of history (21:14). One such book was "The Book of the Wars of Yahweh," which may have been completed after Moses' death and which was known to later scribes who worked on the book of Numbers. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What importance does collective or group responsibility play in the Book of Numbers? #### + +The tendency was to assume that the entire community of Israel would suffer God's punishment if some of them rebelled against him. Indeed, divine punishment often did fall across the entire nation. This would, in fact, have been the expectation among all peoples in the Ancient Near East. At the same time, Moses and Aaron, the leaders of Israel, are shown as praying to God for him to punish only the guilty. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why does Moses speak using third person pronouns about himself? #### + +When an author wrote about something he was involved in, it was common for him to use the pronoun "he" instead of "I," or "they" instead of "we." The translator may decide to use the project's normal pronouns instead. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/01.md b/oba/01/01.md index b750bd7b8b..c32994d27a 100644 --- a/oba/01/01.md +++ b/oba/01/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,43 @@ -## ambassador has been sent ## +# The vision of Obadiah -AT: "God had sent an ambassador" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is the title of the book. Here "vision" is used in the general sense of a message from Yahweh, rather than to indicate how Obadiah received the message. AT: "The message of Obadiah" or "The prophesy of Obadiah" -## Rise up ## +# The Lord Yahweh says this concerning Edom -"stand up" This phrase is used to tell people to get ready. +This tells the reader that the entire book is a message about Edom. -## Behold ## +# Yahweh -AT: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -## you will be greatly despised ## +# an ambassador has been sent -"the people of other nations will hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has sent an ambassador" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Rise up + +"Stand up." This phrase is used to tell people to get ready. + +# rise up against her + +Here "her" refers to Edom. This is a metonym for the people of Edom, so it could also be translated as "them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Behold, I will make you + +Beginning in verse 2, Obadiah records the words that Yahweh speaks directly to Edom. + +# Behold + +This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Look" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# I will make you small among the nations, you will be greatly despised + +These two phrases mean similar things and are used to emphasize that Edom will lose its important status. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will make you small among the nations + +Something that is insignificant is spoken of as if it is of small size, and can easily be overlooked. AT: "I will make you insignificant among the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will be greatly despised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the people of other nations will hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/03.md b/oba/01/03.md index 5564837518..bca429db22 100644 --- a/oba/01/03.md +++ b/oba/01/03.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + Obadiah's vision concerning Edom continues. -## The pride of your heart ## +# The pride of your heart has deceived you -Yahweh uses the part of a person's body that is associated with emotions to refer to the people of Edom feeling pride. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The "heart" was associated with emotions. The Edomites' pride caused them to be deceived about their security. AT: "Your pride has deceived you" or "Your pride causes you think you are safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in the clefts of the rock ## +# in the clefts of the rock -"in the cracks in the rock" +"in the cracks in the rock." This here has the sense of a place that is protected because it is surrounded by rocks. -## in your lofty home ## +# in your lofty home "in your home that was built in a high place" -## Who will bring me down to the ground? ## +# say in your heart -This question is showing how the Edomites were proud and felt safe. AT: "I am safe from all attackers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "in your heart" is an idiom that means "to yourself." AT: "say to yourselves" or "think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Though you tower high like the eagle, and though your nest is set among the stars ## +# Who will bring me down to the ground? -Both of these phrases are saying Edom is built much higher than possible, to say it was built in a very high place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This question expresses that the Edomites were proud and felt safe. AT: "No one can bring me down to the ground." or "I am safe from all attackers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## tower ## +# Though you soar high like the eagle and though your nest is set among the stars -to be much taller than other things. +Both of these exaggerations say that Edom is built in a very high place by saying it is built much higher than possible. AT: "And I tell you that even if you had wings and could fly higher than eagles fly, and if you could make your homes among the stars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## I will bring you down from there ## +# I will bring you down from there -Pride is associated with height and humility is associated with being low. Yahweh says he will bring Edom down to say he will humble it. AT: "I will humble you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Pride is associated with height while humility is associated with being low. To "bring down" is an idiom that means to humble someone. AT: "I will humble you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/05.md b/oba/01/05.md index 7b225f791c..95ae177919 100644 --- a/oba/01/05.md +++ b/oba/01/05.md @@ -1,25 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom. -## if robbers by night ## +# If thieves came to you ... would they not steal only as much as they needed? + +This question is used to imply that Yahweh's punishment of Edom would be worse than what thieves would do when they steal. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "If thieves came to you ... they would only steal as much as they needed, but I will take everything from you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If thieves came to you, if robbers came by night + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are used to emphasize people who steal. They can be combined. AT: "When thieves break into someone's house during the night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# if robbers came by night "or if robbers came during the night" -## robbers ## +# robbers -people who steal things by being violent to other people +people who steal things from other people -## how are you cut off ## +# how you will be ruined! -Yahweh adds this phrase in the middle of another sentence to express that the punishment of Edom is shocking. AT: "ah, you are completely destroyed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh adds this phrase in the middle of another sentence to express that the punishment of Edom is shocking. AT: "you are completely destroyed!" -## would they only steal enough for themselves ## +# If grape gatherers came to you, would they not leave the gleanings? -AT: "They would only steal enough for themselves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is used to imply that Yahweh's punishment of Edom would be more thorough than what grape gatherers would do when they harvest grapes. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "If grape gatherers came to you, they would leave some grapes, but I will take everything from you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## How Esau has been ransacked, and his hidden treasures sought out ## +# How Esau has been ransacked, his hidden treasures will be searched out -AT: "Ah, enemies have searched Esau; they have looked for his hidden treasure." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Ah, enemies have stolen everything from Esau; they have found his hidden treasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## ransacked ## +# Esau -searching for things in order to steal them \ No newline at end of file +The people of Edom were the descendants of Esau. Therefore, in this book "Edom" and "Esau" refer to the same group of people. + +# has been ransacked + +This means the enemies have search through Esau's things, taken everything valuable, and left everything else in a mess or damaged. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/07.md b/oba/01/07.md index 6d8e2d2e5e..0b9529e37a 100644 --- a/oba/01/07.md +++ b/oba/01/07.md @@ -1,33 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom. -## your alliance ## +# All the men of your alliance ... The men who were at peace with you ... They who eat your bread + +All three of these phrases refer to Edom's allies. + +# your alliance The word "your" refers to the nation of Edom. -## will send you on your way to the border ## +# will send you on your way to the border "will send you out of their land." The people of Edom will try to take refuge in the land of their allies, but their allies will not let the people of Edom stay in their land. -## There is no understanding in him ## +# There is no understanding in him -"Edom cannot understand." +Possible meanings are 1) the allies say this about Edom. AT: "They say, 'Edom does not understand anything'" or 2) this is a statement about the betrayal of the allies. AT: "No one can understand why they did this" -## Will I not on that day, says Yahweh, destroy... ## +# Will I not on that day," says Yahweh, "destroy ... mountain of Esau? -"On that day, says Yahweh, I surely will destroy..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Yahweh uses this question to emphasize the certainty of the destruction of Edom. AT: "'On that day,' says Yahweh, 'I surely will destroy ... mountain of Esau." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## your mighty men will be dismayed ## +# the mountain of Esau -"your strong warriors will be afraid" +Most of the land of Esau was mountains, so this is one way of referring to the land of Edom. -## Teman ## +# Your mighty men will be dismayed -the name of a region in the land of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Your strong warriors will be afraid" -## so that every man may be cut off from the mountain of Esau by slaughter ## +# Teman -AT: "so that there will be no more people in the mountains of Esau because enemies killed them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is the name of a region in the land of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## mountain of Esau ## +# so that every man may be cut off from the mountain of Esau by slaughter -Most of the land of Esau was mountains, so this is one way of referring to the land of Esau. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that there will be no more people in the mountains of Esau because enemies killed them" or "so that they will slaughter every person in the mountain of Esau" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be cut off + +"be destroyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/10.md b/oba/01/10.md index 748faa3293..e304c26be0 100644 --- a/oba/01/10.md +++ b/oba/01/10.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom. -## your brother Jacob ## +# your brother Jacob -AT: "your relatives who are the descendants of Jacob." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Jacob" represents his descendants. Because Jacob was the brother of Esau, the people of Edom are spoken of as if they were the brothers of the descendants of Jacob. AT: "your relatives who are the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you will be covered with shame ## +# you will be covered with shame -"you will be completely ashamed" +To be covered with something is an idiom for fully experiencing it. AT: "you will be completely ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## will be cut off forever ## +# will be cut off forever -"will never exist again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will never exist again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## stood aloof ## +# stood aloof "watched and did nothing to help" -## strangers ## +# strangers people from other nations -## his wealth ## +# his wealth The word "his" refers to "Jacob," which is another way of referring to the people of Israel. -## cast lots upon Jerusalem ## +# cast lots for Jerusalem -This phrase means "they cast lots to decide who would get the valuable things that they took from Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase means "they cast lots to decide who would get the valuable things that they took from Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## you were like one of them ## +# you were like one of them -"it was as though you were one of these strangers and foreigners" \ No newline at end of file +"it was as though you were one of these strangers and foreigners." This implies that they did not help the Israelites. This can be made explicit. AT: "you were like one of the enemies and did not help Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/12.md b/oba/01/12.md index 45bb2a4c2b..3c3c9e9f2a 100644 --- a/oba/01/12.md +++ b/oba/01/12.md @@ -1,49 +1,55 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom. -## do not gloat over ## +# General Information: + +Verses 12-14 consist of a series of negative commands that Yahweh gives to tell the people of Edom how not to treat the Israelites. + +# do not gloat over "do not be happy because of" or "do not take pleasure in" -## your brother's ## +# your brother's day -This was a way of referring to the people of Israel because Jacob and Esau were brothers. +Here "your brother" refers to the people of Israel because Jacob and Esau were brothers. -## day ## +# the day -AT: "day of punishment" or "time of punishment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Each of the several occurrences of "day" refer to the time when Babylon attacked and destroyed Jerusalem. -## misfortune ## +# misfortune "disaster" or "trouble" -## in the day of their destruction ## +# in the day of their destruction -"in the day that their enemies destroy them" +"at the time when their enemies destroy them" -## in the day of their distress ## +# in the day of their distress -"because of the time that they are suffering" +"at the time when they suffer" -## calamity..disaster...ruin ## +# calamity ... disaster ... ruin -These are all different translations of the same word. Translators should use one word to translate all three of these. +These are all different translations of the same word. If your language has one word that can translate all three of these ideas, you could use it here. -## over their affliction ## +# over their affliction "because of the bad things that happen to them" -## do not loot their wealth ## +# do not loot their wealth "do not take their wealth" "or "do not steal their wealth" -## crossroads ## +# crossroads a place where two roads come together -## to cut off his fugitives ## +# to cut off his fugitives -"to kill the people of Israel who are trying to escape" or "to catch those who were trying to escape" (UDB) +"to kill the people of Israel who are trying to escape" or "to catch those who were trying to escape" -## do not hand over his survivors ## +# do not hand over his survivors "do not capture those who are still alive and give them to their enemies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/15.md b/oba/01/15.md index 67e2abe812..502eeb29ee 100644 --- a/oba/01/15.md +++ b/oba/01/15.md @@ -1,29 +1,39 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom. +# General Information: -## For the day of Yahweh is near upon all the nations ## +Yahweh concludes his message to Edom in verse 15. In verses 16-21, Yahweh speaks through Obadiah to tell the people of Judah that they will possess the land of Edom. -"Soon the time will come when Yahweh will show all the nations that he is Lord." +# For the day of Yahweh is near ... will return on your own head -## As you have done, it will be done to you ## +Bible experts are not certain whether verse 15 goes with verse 14 as the end of the previous section, or goes with verse 16 as the beginning of the new section. -"I will do to you the same things that you did to others." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# For the day of Yahweh is near upon all the nations -## your deeds will return on your own head ## +"Soon the time will come when Yahweh will show all the nations that he is Lord" -AT: "you will suffer the consequences for the things you have done." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# As you have done, it will be done to you -## For as you ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will do to you the same things that you did to others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -The word "you" to the people of Edom. +# your deeds will return on your own head -## as you have drunk ## +Here "return on your own head" means they will be punished for those things. AT: "you will suffer the consequences for the things you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -The prophets describe people whom Yahweh punished as drinking the punishment from Yahweh AT: "as I have punished you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# For as you -## my holy mountain ## +The word "you" is plural and probably refers to the people of Judah. + +# as you have drunk + +The punishment that Judah received from the enemy nations is spoken of as if a bitter liquid that they drank. AT: "as you have drunk suffering" or "as I have punished you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my holy mountain This was a way of referring to Jerusalem. -## will all the nations drink continually ## +# so will all the nations drink continually -AT: "I will punish all of the nations without stopping." Yahweh punished Jerusalem, but he stopped before he destroyed all of the people. However, he will punish the rest of the nations until they no longer exist. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh's punishment of the other nations is spoken of as if it was a bitter liquid that he will cause them to drink continually. AT: "so all the nations will drink in suffering continually" or "so I will punish all of the nations without stopping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will drink and swallow and it will be as though they had never existed + +Yahweh continues the metaphor of drinking punishment. Here "swallow" expresses that they will fully experience the punishment, with the result that it will destroy them completely. AT: "They will drink in my punishment fully until they cease to exist" or "I will continue to punish them fully until I completely destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/17.md b/oba/01/17.md index 2f6a089e76..63e5202876 100644 --- a/oba/01/17.md +++ b/oba/01/17.md @@ -1,29 +1,43 @@ -Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message. +# General Information: -## escape ## +In verses 16-21, Yahweh speaks through Obadiah to tell the people of Judah that they will possess the land of Edom. -"escape the punishment of Yahweh." These are the people that are still alive after Yahweh has punished. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# those that escape -## and it ## +These are the people of Jerusalem that are still alive after Yahweh has finished punishing the city. This can be made explicit. AT: "some of the Israelites who escape the punishment of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# it will be holy The word "it" refers to "mount Zion." -## house of Jacob ... Joseph a flame ## +# house of Jacob will be a fire ... Joseph a flame -Yahweh compares the houses of Jacob and Joseph to fire because they will destroy Esau like a fire that quickly and completely burns up straw. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of the houses of Jacob and Joseph as if they were fire because they will destroy Esau like a fire that quickly and completely burns up straw. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## stubble ## +# the house of Jacob + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. AT: "descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# stubble "straw" or "chaff." The dry pieces of plant that are left after grain is harvested. -## and they ## +# and they The word "they" refers to the house of Jacob and the house of Joseph. -## will burn them ## +# will burn them The word "them" refers to the descendants of Esau, who are the nation of Edom. -## There will be no survivors to the house of Esau ## +# There will be no survivors to the house of Esau -"Not one person of the house of Esau will survive" \ No newline at end of file +"Not one person of the house of Esau will survive" + +# the house of Esau + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Esau's descendants. AT: "descendants of Esau" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for Yahweh has spoken it + +This is an oath formula that means it will certainly happen because Yahweh said it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/19.md b/oba/01/19.md index f263f8145b..e992eb3383 100644 --- a/oba/01/19.md +++ b/oba/01/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## they will possess ## +# General Information: -The word "they" possibly refers to 1) "those of the Shepelah" or 2) those who live in the mountains of Israel surrounding Jerusalem. +In verses 16-21, Yahweh speaks through Obadiah to tell the people of Judah that they will possess the land of Edom. -## Benjamin ## +# Those from the Negev will possess the mount of Esau -"the tribe of Benjamin" or "the people of Benjamin" \ No newline at end of file +"The Israelites in the Negev will take the land of the Edomites" + +# those of the Shepelah + +This refers to Israelites in the western foothills of Israel who will capture the land of the Philistines in battle. + +# They will possess + +Here "They" appears to refer to the people of Israel in general. + +# Benjamin + +"the tribe of Benjamin" or "the descendants of Benjamin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/01/20.md b/oba/01/20.md index 52cc93681f..f76c94b1f1 100644 --- a/oba/01/20.md +++ b/oba/01/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## The exiles of this host of the people of Israel ## +# General Information: -"Those of the host of the people of Israel who were in exile" +In verses 16-21, Yahweh speaks through Obadiah to tell the people of Judah that they will possess the land of Edom. -## host ## +# The exiles of this host of the people of Israel + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the exiles taken to Assyria from the northern kingdom of Israel or 2) this refers to the people of Judah who lived outside of Jerusalem and were taken to exile in Babylon. + +# host a very large group of people -## Zarephath ## +# as far as Zarephath -the name of a Phoenician city on the coast of the Mediterranean between Tyre and Sidon (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Zarephath was a Phoenician city north of Israel on the coast of the Mediterranean between Tyre and Sidon. At: "as far north as Zarephath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Sepharad ## +# The exiles of Jerusalem -the name of a place whose location is unknown. \ No newline at end of file +This group is contrasted with either the Israelites from the northern kingdom, or with the people of Judah who lived outside of Jerusalem. + +# Sepharad + +This is the name of a place whose location is unknown. Some experts suggest it refers to the city of Sardis in the region of Lydia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Deliverers will go up to Mount Zion to rule over the hill country of Esau + +"Deliverers will go up to Jerusalem and rule over Edom from there" + +# Deliverers + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to various Israelite military leaders whom God will use to defeat the nation of Edom or 2) the text should read "Those who will be delivered" and refers to the returning Jewish exiles. + +# the kingdom will belong to Yahweh + +This phrase emphasizes that Yahweh will personally rule over the kingdom. AT: "Yahweh will be their king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/front/intro.md b/oba/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8e215ab4bf --- /dev/null +++ b/oba/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# Introduction to Obadiah # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +===Outline of the Book of Obadiah=== + +1. God's judgments on the nation of Edom + - The destruction of Edom is predicted (1:1–4) + - The complete desolation and destruction of the city is predicted (1:5–9) + - The hatred of Edom for Israel (1:10–14) + - Edom and the other nations will be punished (1:15–16) +1. God promises to rescue his people; they will live in their land again (1:17–19) +1. Yahweh promises to restore his kingdom (1:20–21) + +#### What is the Book of Obadiah about? #### + +After Jerusalem was destroyed, the Edomites captured fleeing people and gave them to Babylon. The Edomites came under Yahweh's judgment for mistreating the children of Israel. The book was intended to give comfort to the people of Judah in exile. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may decide to translate this traditional title, "The Book of Obadiah," in a way that is more clear to the readers. They may decide to call it, "The Sayings of Obadiah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Obadiah? #### + +Obadiah probably wrote this book. We know nothing more about the writer than that his name in Hebrew means, "Servant of Yahweh." + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## +===What was Edom's relationship to Israel?=== + +Obadiah refers to Edom as Israel's brother. This is because the Edomites were descendants of Esau, while the Israelite's were descendants of Jacob (Esau's brother). This made Edom's betray of Israel much worse. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How do I translate the concept of "pride"? #### + +Pride is a major issue in Obadiah. This word is usually used in reference to people. When Obadiah speaks about the "pride" of Edom, this means that the nation thought they were more powerful than Yahweh and that he would not or was not able to punish them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/01/01.md b/phm/01/01.md index a0f1623dc1..740831de46 100644 --- a/phm/01/01.md +++ b/phm/01/01.md @@ -1,41 +1,51 @@ -This book is a letter that Paul wrote to a man named Philemon. +# General Information: -## Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus, and Timothy our brother, to Philemon ## +Three times Paul identifies himself as the author of this letter. Evidently Timothy was with him and probably wrote the words down as Paul said them. Paul greets others who meet for church at Philemon's house. -Your language may have a particular way of introducing the authors of a letter. This could be translated as “We, Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus, and Timothy, our brother, write this letter to Philemon.” +# General Information: -## a prisoner of Christ Jesus ## +All instances of "I," "me," and "my" refer to Paul. Philemon is the main person to whom this letter is written. All instances of "you" and "your" refer to him and are singular unless otherwise noted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -"who is in prison for teaching about Jesus Christ." People who did not like Jesus punished Paul by putting him in prison. +# Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus, and the brother Timothy to Philemon -## our beloved brother ## +Your language may have a particular way of introducing the authors of a letter. AT: "I, Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus, and Timothy, our brother, are writing this letter to Philemon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -"our dear fellow believer" or "our spiritual brother whom we love" +# a prisoner of Christ Jesus -## and fellow-worker ## +"a prisoner for the sake of Christ Jesus." People who opposed Paul's preaching had punished him by putting him into prison. -worker** - "who, like us, works to spread the gospel" +# brother -## Apphia, our sister ## +Here this means a fellow Christian. -This means "Apphia, our fellow believer" or "Apphia, our spiritual sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Philemon, our dear friend ... Apphia our sister ... Archippus our fellow soldier -## Archippus ## +The word "our" here refers to Paul and those with him but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -This is the name of man. +# and fellow worker -## our fellow-soldier ## +"who, like us, works to spread the gospel" -soldier** - Here "soldier" is a metaphor that describes a person who struggles to spread the Gospel. This may be translated as "our fellow-spiritual warrior" or "who also fights the spiritual battle with us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Apphia our sister -## the church in your house ## +Here "sister" means she was a believer, and not a relative. AT: "Apphia our fellow believer" or "Apphia our spiritual sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -"the group of believers that meets in your house" (UDB) +# Archippus -## your house ## +This is the name of a man in the church with Philemon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -The word "your" is singular and refers to Philemon. +# our fellow soldier -## Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ ## +Paul speaks here of Archippus as if they were both soldiers in an army. He means that Archippus works hard, as Paul himself works hard, to spread the gospel. AT: "our fellow spiritual warrior" or "who also fights the spiritual battle with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"May God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ give you grace and peace." This is a blessing. The word "you" is plural and refers to all the people Paul greeted in verses 1 and 2. \ No newline at end of file +# May grace be to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ + +"May God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ give you grace and peace." This is a blessing. + +# God our Father + +The word "our" here refers to Paul, those with him, and the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# our Father + +This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/01/04.md b/phm/01/04.md index d1a39ae164..19eb7ae46d 100644 --- a/phm/01/04.md +++ b/phm/01/04.md @@ -1,31 +1,23 @@ -## I thank my God always, making mention of you in my prayers ## +# General Information: -"When I pray for you, I always thank God (UDB). +The word "us" is plural and refers to Paul, those with him, and all Christians, including the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## I ## +# that the fellowship of your faith -Paul wrote this letter. The words "I" and "me" in this letter all refer to Paul. +"that your working together with us" -## you ## +# be effective for the knowledge of everything good -Here and in most of the letter, the word "you" refers to Philemon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"result in knowing what is good" -## that your participation in the faith may be effective for the knowledge ## +# in Christ -This could also be translated as "that your trusting in Christ as we do will make you able to know" or "that because you joined us in trusting in Christ, you will be able to know" +"because of Christ" -## your participation in the faith ## +# the hearts of the believers have been refreshed by you -"because you trust in Christ the same as we do" (UDB) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you encouraged believers" or "you have helped the believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that is in us in Christ ## +# brother -The most likely meaning is "that we have because of Christ." - -## the hearts of the saints have been refreshed by you ## - -Here the word "hearts" refers to the courage of the believers. Also, "have been refreshed" is a passive clause. This could be translated as an active clause: "you have encouraged the believers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## brother ## - -Paul called Philemon "brother" because they were both believers. He was also probably emphasizing their friendship. It can also be translated here as "dear brother" or "dear friend." \ No newline at end of file +"dear brother" or "dear friend." Paul called Philemon "brother" because they were both believers and he emphasizing their friendship. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/01/08.md b/phm/01/08.md index 311d3eb343..ec3e44e894 100644 --- a/phm/01/08.md +++ b/phm/01/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## all the boldness in Christ ## +# Connecting Statement: -Possible meanings are "authority because of Christ" or "courage because of Christ." This can also be translated as "authority because I am an apostle of Christ." +Paul begins his plea and the reason for his letter. -## yet for love's sake I am asking you instead ## +# all the boldness in Christ -"but because of love I would rather ask you" +Possible meanings are 1) "authority because of Christ" or 2) "courage because of Christ." AT: "courage because Christ has given me authority" -## for love's sake ## +# yet because of love -Possible meanings are 1) "because I know that you love God's people" (UDB), 2) "because you love me," or 3) "because I love you." - -## being such a one as Paul the old man, and now also a prisoner because of Christ Jesus ## - -These are reasons for Philemon to do what Paul was about to ask him to do. It can also be translated as "because I am Paul, I am an old man, and I am now a prisoner because of Christ Jesus." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings: 1) "because I know that you love God's people" 2) "because you love me" or 3) "because I love you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/01/10.md b/phm/01/10.md index b60f1e58ad..eafb4666a9 100644 --- a/phm/01/10.md +++ b/phm/01/10.md @@ -1,47 +1,35 @@ -## Onesimus ## +# General Information: -This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Onesimus is the name of a man. He was apparently Philemon's slave and had stolen something and ran away. -## my child Onesimus ## +# my child Onesimus -"my son Onesimus." Paul compared his close relationship with Onesimus to the relationship that a father and his son have. Onesimus was not Paul's actual son, but he received spiritual life when Paul taught him about Jesus, and Paul loved him. This can be translated as “my dear son Onesimus” or "my spiritual son Onesimus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"my son Onesimus." Paul speaks of the way he is friends with Onesimus as if it were the way a father and his son love each other. Onesimus was not Paul's actual son, but he received spiritual life when Paul taught him about Jesus, and Paul loved him. AT: "my spiritual son Onesimus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## whom I have fathered ## +# Onesimus -This can be translated as "who became a son to me" or "who became like a son to me." How Onesimus became like a son to Paul can be made explicit: "who became my spiritual son when I taught him about Christ and he received new life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The name "Onesimus" means "profitable" or "useful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## in my bonds ## +# whom I have fathered in my chains -"in my chains." This can be translated as "while being in prison." Prisoners were often bound in chains. Paul was in prison when he taught Onesimus, and he was still in prison when he wrote this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "fathered" is a metaphor that means Paul converted Onesimus to Christ. AT: "who became my spiritual son when I taught him about Christ and he received new life while I was in my chains" or "who became like a son to me while I was in my chains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who once was unprofitable ## +# in my chains ... while I am in chains -This could be translated as a new sentence: "Before he was useless." +Prisoners were often bound in chains. Paul was in prison when he taught Onesimus and was still in prison when he wrote this letter. AT: "while I was in prison ... while I am in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## but now is profitable ## +# I have sent him back to you -"but now he is is useful." Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Onesimus means 'profitable' or 'useful'." +Paul was probably sending Onesimus with another believer who carried this letter. -## I have sent him, himself, back to you ## +# who is my very heart -"I have sent Onesimus back to you". Since Paul was probably writing the letter just before sending Onesimus, it could also be translated as "I am sending him back to you" (UDB). +Here the word "heart" is used for someone who is dearly loved. Paul was saying this about Onesimus. AT: "whom I love dearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## him who is my very heart ## +# so he could serve me for you -Here the word "heart" is used for someone who is dearly loved. This phrase could be translated as "whom I love dearly." Paul was saying this about Onesimus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"so that, since you cannot be here, he might help me" or "so that he could help me in your place" -## whom I would rather have kept with me ## +# for the sake of the gospel -This could be translated as a new sentence: "I would rather have kept him with me." - -## that on your behalf he might help me ## - -"that, since you cannot be here, he might help me." It could also be translated as a separate sentence: He would be helping me in your place." - -## who am in chains ## - -This can also be translated as "while I am in prison" or "because I am in prison." - -## for the gospel ## - -This can be translated here as "because I preach the gospel." \ No newline at end of file +Paul was in prison because he preached the gospel publicly. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "because I preach the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/01/14.md b/phm/01/14.md index 4c54bee6b3..3aa994e913 100644 --- a/phm/01/14.md +++ b/phm/01/14.md @@ -1,51 +1,39 @@ -## But without your consent I did not want to do anything ## +# But I did not want to do anything without your consent -"But I did not want to keep him here without your approval" or "But I wanted to keep him with me only if you approved" +Paul states a double negative to mean the opposite. AT: "But I wanted to keep him with me only if you approved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## your...you ## +# I did not want your good deed to be from necessity but from good will -In verses 14-16 these pronouns are singular and refer to Philemon (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"I did not want you to do this good deed because I commanded you to do it, but because you wanted to do it" -## so that your goodness should not be as forced ## +# but from good will -This can be translated as "so that you will do what is right, not because I am forcing you." +"but because you freely chose to do the right thing" -## but as free will ## +# Perhaps for this he was separated from you for a time, so that -"but because you want to" or "but because you freely choose to do the right thing" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Perhaps the reason God took Onesimus away from you for a time was so that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## perhaps he was separated from you ## - -This passive clause could be translated as an active clause: "perhaps God took Onesimus away from you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## perhaps ## - -"maybe" - -## for a while ## +# for a time "during this time" -## more than a slave ## +# better than a slave -"better than a slave" or "more valuable than a slave" +"more valuable than a slave" -## a beloved brother ## +# a beloved brother -"a dear brother" or "a precious brother" +"a dear brother" or "a precious brother in Christ" -## a brother ## +# much more so to you -"a brother in Christ" +"he means even more to you" -## and yet how much even more so to you ## +# in both the flesh -"and certainly even more to you" +"both as a man." Paul is referring to Onesimus' being a trustworthy servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the flesh ## +# in the Lord -This can be translated as "as a man" or "in your human relationship." This human relationship can be stated more explicitly: "because he is your slave." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## and in the Lord ## - -This can be translated as "and as a brother in the Lord" or "and because he belongs to the Lord." \ No newline at end of file +"as a brother in the Lord" or "because he belongs to the Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/01/17.md b/phm/01/17.md index 985c6d6d20..057f3d65fb 100644 --- a/phm/01/17.md +++ b/phm/01/17.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## If then you regard me a partner ## +# if you have me as a partner -"If you think of me as a fellow worker for Christ" +"if you think of me as a fellow worker for Christ" -## charge that to my own account ## +# charge that to me -This can be translated as "charge it to me" or "say that I am the one who owes you." +"say that I am the one who owes you" -## I, Paul, write with mine own hand ## +# I, Paul, write this with my own hand -This could be translated as "I, Paul, write this myself." Paul wrote this so that Philemon would know that the words were true; Paul really would pay him. +"I, Paul, write this myself." Paul wrote this part with his own hand so that Philemon would know that the words were really from Paul. Paul really would pay him. -## I will repay it ## +# not to mention -"I will pay you what he owes you" +"I do not need to remind you" or "You already know." Paul says he does not need to tell Philemon this, but then continues to tell him anyway. This emphasizes the truth of what Paul is telling him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## I do not mention to you ## +# you owe me your own self -This can be translated as "I do not need to remind you" or "You know." +"you owe me your own life." Paul was implying that Philemon should not say that Onesimus or Paul owed him anything because Philemon owed Paul even more. The reason Philemon owed Paul his life can be made explicit. AT: "you owe me much because I saved your life" or "you owe me your own life because what I told you saved your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## you owe me your very life ## +# refresh my heart -"you owe me your own life." The reason Philemon owed Paul his life can be made explicit: "you owe me much because I saved your life" or "you owe me your own life because what I told you saved your life." Paul was implying that Philemon should not say that Onesimus or Paul owed him anything because Onesimus owed Paul even more. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## refresh my heart ## - -This can be translated as "make my heart glad" or "make me glad" or "comfort me." How Paul wanted Onesimus to do this can be made explicit: "refresh my heart by accepting Onesimus kindly." \ No newline at end of file +Here "refresh" is a metaphor for comfort or encourage. How Paul wanted Philemon to do this can be made explicit. AT: "encourage me" or "comfort me" or "refresh my heart by accepting Onesimus kindly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/01/21.md b/phm/01/21.md index 099f3123a3..6f70684531 100644 --- a/phm/01/21.md +++ b/phm/01/21.md @@ -1,35 +1,23 @@ -## Having confidence in your obedience ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul closes his letter and gives a blessing on Philemon and the believers that met for church in Philemon's house. + +# General Information: + +Here the words "your" and "you" are plural and refer to Philemon and the believers that met at his house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Confident about your obedience "Because I am sure that you will do what I ask" -## your obedience … writing to you, … you will do" ## - -Paul was writing this to Philemon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) - -## knowing ## - -"and I know" - -## what I say ## - -"what I ask" - -## By the way ## +# At the same time "Also" -## prepare a guest room for me ## +# prepare a guest room for me -"make a room in your house ready for me." Paul asked Philemon to do this. +"make a room in your house ready for me." Paul asked Philemon to do this for him. -## through your prayers … to come to you ## +# I will be given back to you -The words "your" and "you" here refer to Philemon and the believers that met at his house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) - -## through your prayers ## - -This can be translated as "as a result of your prayers" or "because you all are praying for me." - -## I shall be allowed to come to you ## - -This can be translated as an active clause: "God will allow me to go to you" or "God will make those who are keeping me in prison to set me free so that I can go to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"those who are keeping me in prison will set me free so that I can go to you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/01/23.md b/phm/01/23.md index f3ac0d3209..ab1ff42a43 100644 --- a/phm/01/23.md +++ b/phm/01/23.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## Epaphras,…Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, Luke ## +# Epaphras + +This is a fellow believer and prisoner with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# my fellow prisoner in Christ Jesus + +"who is in prison with me because he serves Christ Jesus" + +# So do Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, my fellow workers + +"Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, my fellow workers, also greet you" + +# Mark ... Aristarchus ... Demas ... Luke These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## my fellow-prisoner in Christ Jesus ## +# my fellow workers -prisoner in Christ Jesus** - "who is in prison with me because he serves Christ Jesus" +"the men who work with me" or "who all work with me." -## greets you ## +# May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit -The word "you" refers to Philemon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) - -## and so do Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, Luke, my fellow-workers. ## - -workers.** - This means "and my fellow workers Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke also greet you." - -## my fellow-workers ## - -workers** - This can be translated as "the men who work with me" or "who all work with me." - -## May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. ## - -This can be translated as "May our Lord Jesus Christ be kind to your spirit." - -## your spirit ## - -The word "your" here refers to Philemon and all who met in his house. The word "spirit" here refers to the whole person; The phrase can be translated as "you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "your" here refers to Philemon and all who met in his house. The words "your spirit" are a synecdoche and represent the people themselves. AT: "May our Lord Jesus Christ be kind to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/front/intro.md b/phm/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bdb42344a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/phm/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# Introduction to Philemon # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Philemon #### + +1. Paul greets Philemon (1:1-3) +1. Paul makes requests of Philemon about Onesimus (1:4-21) +1. Conclusion (1:22-25) + +#### What is the Book of Philemon about? #### + +Paul writes this letter to a man named Philemon. Philemon was a Christian who lived in the city of Colossae. He owned a slave named Onesimus. Onesimus had run away from his owner and in some way was able to visit Paul in prison. + +Paul tells Philemon that he is sending Onesimus back to him, and says that Philemon should welcome him back as a brother in Christ. By Roman law, Philemon had the right to put Onesimus to death. But Paul argues that Philemon should accept Onesimus back as a Christian brother and even suggests that Onesimus should be allowed to come back to Paul and help him in prison. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Philemon." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Letter to Philemon" or "The Letter Paul wrote to Philemon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Does this letter approve of the practice of slavery? #### + +While Paul instructs Onesimus to return to his former master, this does not mean that he regarded slavery as an acceptable practice. Instead, Paul's lesson focuses on the importance of serving God no matter the circumstances in which people find themselves. + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +Paul means to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +##### Singular and plural "you" ##### +In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. Also, the word "you" is almost always singular and refers to Philemon. The two exceptions to this are 1:22 and 1:25. There "you" refers to Philemon and the believers that met at his house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/01.md b/php/01/01.md index d2d99ec2fc..5784d3944b 100644 --- a/php/01/01.md +++ b/php/01/01.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## Paul and Timothy ## +# General Information: -If your language has a particular way of introducing the authors of a letter, use it here. AT: "From Paul and Timothy" or "We, Paul and Timothy, wrote this letter" +Paul and Timothy wrote this letter to the church at Philippi. -## servants of Christ Jesus ## +# General Information: -“We are servants of Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Because Paul writes later in the letter saying "I," it is generally assumed that he is the author and that Timothy, who is with him, writes as Paul speaks. All instances of "you" and "your" in the letter refer to the believers in the Philippian church and are plural. The word "our" probably refers to all believers in Christ, including Paul, Timothy, and the Philippian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## to all the ones set apart in Christ Jesus ## +# Paul and Timothy ... and deacons + +If your language has a particular way of introducing the authors of a letter, use it here. + +# Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus + +"Timothy, who are servants of Christ Jesus" + +# to all those set apart in Christ Jesus "to all the believers in Christ Jesus" -## the overseers and deacons ## +# the overseers and deacons -AT: "the leaders of the church" - -## Grace to you ## - -This is a way to wish a blessing upon other people. - -## to you ## - -Here “you” refers to the believers in the Philippian church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) - -## God our Father ## - -Here "our" probably refers to all believers in Christ, including Paul, Timothy, and the Philippian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the leaders of the church" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/03.md b/php/01/03.md index 4c8e135792..c2f1c363d1 100644 --- a/php/01/03.md +++ b/php/01/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## I thank...I pray...I give thanks ## +# I give thanks for your fellowship in the gospel -Here "I" refers to Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-singularpronouns]]) +Paul is expressing thanks to God that the Philippians are also preaching the gospel. AT: "I give thanks to God that you are proclaiming the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you ## - -Here "you" refers to the Philippian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) - -## I give thanks for your fellowship in the gospel ## - -Paul is expressing thanks to God that the Philippians are also preaching the gospel. AT: "I give thanks to God for you proclaiming the gospel" - -## I am confident ## +# I am confident "I am sure" -## he who began ## +# he who began -"the God who began" or "God who began" - -## will complete it ## - -"will continue to complete it" \ No newline at end of file +"God, who began" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/07.md b/php/01/07.md index 42429e2d57..69277f5a62 100644 --- a/php/01/07.md +++ b/php/01/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## It is right for me ## +# It is right for me "It is proper for me" or "It is good for me" -## I have you in my heart ## +# I have you in my heart -AT: "I love you very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom expresses strong affection. AT: "I love you very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## have been my partners in grace ## +# have been my partners in grace -AT: "have been partakers of grace with me" or "share in grace with me" +"have been partakers of grace with me" or "have shared in grace with me" -## God is my witness ## +# God is my witness -AT: "God knows" or "God understands" +"God knows" or "God understands" -## in the depths of the love of Christ Jesus ## +# with the compassion of Christ Jesus -The phrase "in the depths of the love" refers to the place inside of us where our emotions come from. AT: "with all the love that Christ Jesus has given me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "compassion" can be translated with the verb "love." AT: "and I love you as Christ Jesus dearly loves us all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/09.md b/php/01/09.md index cc8ec7c3d7..f9010b6a1b 100644 --- a/php/01/09.md +++ b/php/01/09.md @@ -1,39 +1,35 @@ -## may abound ## +# Connecting Statement: -"may overflow" +Paul prays for the believers in Philippi and talks about the joy there is in suffering for the Lord. -## in knowledge and complete understanding ## +# may abound -AT: "as you learn and understand more clearly what pleases God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Paul speaks of love as if it were objects that people could obtain more of. AT: "may increase" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I do this ## +# in knowledge and all understanding -"I pray this" +Here "understanding" means about God and can be made explicit. AT: "as you learn and understand more about what pleases God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the things that are excellent ## +# approve -AT: "what is most pleasing to God" +This refers to examining things and taking only those that are good. AT: "test and choose" -## sincere and without offense ## +# what is excellent + +"what is most pleasing to God" + +# sincere and without offense The words "sincere" and "without offense" mean basically the same thing. Paul combines them to emphasize moral purity. AT: "completely blameless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## in the day of Christ ## +# you also will be filled -"in the day of the Lord" or "on the day of judgement" +Paul is speaking of the believers as if they were containers that could be filled with fruit. AT: "This is also so that Jesus Christ may cause you to obey God more and more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Also ## +# filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes -"I also pray" +The good deeds of a believer whom God has declared good please God as does the way fruit growing on a tree is sweet to those who eat it. AT: "able to please God and other people by the way you live now that God has forgiven your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you will be filled ## +# to the glory and praise of God -AT: "Jesus Christ may cause you to obey God more and more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## filled with the fruits of righteousness ## - -This compares fruit growing on a tree to a believer obeying God more and more. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## to the glory and praise of God ## - -This can be translated as a separate sentence. AT: "Then people will praise and give honor to God because of the good things they see you do" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "Then other people will see how you honor God" or 2) "Then people will praise and give honor to God because of the good things they see you do." These alternate translations would require a new sentence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/12.md b/php/01/12.md index c5bc495b02..42e35ebf22 100644 --- a/php/01/12.md +++ b/php/01/12.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## Now I want ## +# General Information: -Here the word "now" is used to mark a new part of the letter. +Paul says that two things have happened because of "the progress of the gospel": many people inside and outside the palace have found out why he is in prison, and other Christians are no longer afraid to proclaim the good news. -## that the things which happened to me ## +# Now I want -Paul is talking about his time in prison. AT: "that the things I suffered because I was put into prison for preaching about Jesus" ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here the word "Now" is used to mark a new part of the letter. -## have advanced the progress of the gospel ## +# brothers -AT: "have caused more people to believe in Christ" +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women, because all believers in Christ are members of one spiritual family, with God as their heavenly Father. -## my bonds in Christ ## +# that what has happened to me -AT: "my imprisonment because of my preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ" +Paul is talking about his time in prison. AT: "that the things I suffered because I was put into prison for preaching about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## my bonds in Christ became known...to everyone else ## +# has really served to advance the gospel -AT: "the palace guards and many other people in Rome know I am here because I tell others about Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"has caused more people to hear the gospel" -## palace guards ## +# my chains in Christ came to light -This is a group of soldiers that helped protect the Roman emperor. +"Chains in Christ" is a metonym for being in prison for the sake of Christ. "Came to light" is a metaphor for "became known." AT: "It became known that I am in prison for the sake of Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## And also so that most of the brothers...speak the word of God ## +# my chains in Christ came to light ... guard ... everyone else -AT: "Also, because of my imprisonment, most of the brothers in the Lord speak the word of God" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the palace guards and many other people in Rome know that I am in chains for the sake of Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## with more boldness and without fear ## +# my chains in Christ -Paul expresses the same idea both positively and negatively to emphasize the great courage that they showed by preaching in dangerous circumstances. AT: "with great boldness and courage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Paul uses the preposition "in" to mean "for the sake of." AT: "my chains for the sake of Christ" or "my chains because I teach people about Christ" + +# my chains + +Here the word "chains" is a metonym for imprisonment. AT: "my imprisonment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# palace guard + +This is a group of soldiers that helped protect the Roman emperor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/15.md b/php/01/15.md index 74eb70ece2..932542dfaf 100644 --- a/php/01/15.md +++ b/php/01/15.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## Some indeed even proclaim Christ ## +# Some indeed even proclaim Christ -AT: "Some people preach the good news about Christ" +"Some people preach the good news about Christ" -## out of envy and strife ## +# out of envy and strife -AT: "because they do not want people listening to me and they want to cause trouble" +"because they do not want people listening to me, and they want to cause trouble" -## and others also out of good will ## +# and also others out of good will -AT: "but other people do it because they are kind and they want to help" +"but other people do it because they are kind and they want to help" -## The ones who ## +# The latter -"The people who" +"Those who proclaim Christ out of good will" -## I have been assigned ## +# I am put here for the defense of the gospel -AT: "God chose me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are AT: 1) "God chose me to defend the gospel" or 2) "I am in prison because I defend the gospel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to defend the gospel ## +# for the defense of the gospel -AT: "to teach everyone that the message of Jesus is true" +"to teach everyone that the message of Jesus is true" -## But the others proclaim Christ ## +# But the former -"But other people teach about Christ" +"But the others" or "But the ones who proclaim Christ out of envy and strife" -## out of selfish and insincere motives. They think they are adding to the affliction I suffer in my imprisonment ## +# while I am in chains -AT: "not because they love Jesus, but because they think they are causing me more trouble while I am in prison" \ No newline at end of file +Here the phrase "in chains" is a metonym for imprisonment. AT: "while I am imprisoned" or "while I am in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/18.md b/php/01/18.md index 98728a7ae8..b9b259b844 100644 --- a/php/01/18.md +++ b/php/01/18.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## So what ## +# What then? -Paul is stating that it is not important why some of them are teaching about Jesus. AT: "I do not care" +Paul uses this question to tell how he feels about the situation he wrote about in [Philippians 15-17](./15.md). Possible meanings are 1) this is an idiom that means "It does not matter." or 2) the words "shall I think about this" are understood as part of the question. AT: "What then shall I think about this?" or "This is what I think about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Either way, whether in pretense or in truth, Christ is proclaimed ## +# Only that in every way—whether from false motives or from true—Christ is proclaimed -AT: "As long as people preach about Christ, it does not matter if they do it for good reasons or for bad reasons" +"As long as people preach about Christ, it does not matter if they do it for good reasons or for bad reasons" -## I rejoice in that ## +# in this I rejoice -AT: "I am happy because people are preaching about Jesus" +"I am happy because people are preaching about Jesus" -## yes indeed ## - -AT: "absolutely" or "certainly" - -## I will rejoice ## +# I will rejoice "I will celebrate" or "I will be glad" -## this will lead to my deliverance ## +# this will result in my deliverance -AT: "God will free me from prison" +"because people proclaim Christ, God will deliver me" -## because of your prayers and the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ ## +# in my deliverance -AT: "because you are praying and the Spirit of Jesus Christ is helping me" +The exact meaning of "deliverance," what God will deliver Paul from, is not clear. Possible meanings are that 1) Paul was referring to being helped out of a bad situation or 2) Paul was referring specifically to being set free from prison. -## Spirit of Jesus Christ ## +# through your prayers and the help of the Spirit of Jesus Christ -AT: "Holy Spirit" \ No newline at end of file +"because you are praying and the Spirit of Jesus Christ is helping me" + +# Spirit of Jesus Christ + +"Holy Spirit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/20.md b/php/01/20.md index 7bcffb2eb4..85d8fdd55e 100644 --- a/php/01/20.md +++ b/php/01/20.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## It is my confident expectation and certainty ## +# It is according to my eager expectation and certain hope -Here the words "confident expectation" and "certainty" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how strong his expectation is. AT: "I am completely convinced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here the phrases "eager expectation" and "certain hope" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how strong his expectation is. AT: "I am completely convinced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## But with all courage, as always and especially right now ## +# and yet with all boldness, now as always, Christ will be exalted -AT: "But I will have enough courage right now, as I have always had" +This is part of Paul's expectation and hope. AT: "but I expect and hope that with all boldness, now as always, Christ will be exalted" -## I will bring glory to Christ in my body ## +# with all boldness, now as always, Christ -Paul uses the physical "body" to represent his life or the way he lives. AT: "so that I will honor Christ with all that I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will be very bold now, as I always have been, and Christ" -## whether by life or by death ## +# Christ will be exalted in my body -AT: "if I go on living or if I die" +The phrase "my body" is a metonym for what Paul does with his body. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "I will honor Christ by what I do" or 2) "people will praise Christ because of what I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain ## +# whether by life or by death -AT: "Because if I go on living, I will live for Christ, and if I die, that is even better" \ No newline at end of file +"if I go on living or if I die" + +# For to me + +These words are emphatic. They indicate that this is Paul's personal experience. + +# to live is Christ + +Here pleasing and serving Christ is spoken of as Paul's only purpose for living. AT: "to go on living is an opportunity to please Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to die is gain + +Here death is spoken of as "gain." Possible meanings for "gain" are 1) Paul's death will help spread the message of the gospel or 2) Paul will be in a better situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/22.md b/php/01/22.md index 119468c363..93aced984a 100644 --- a/php/01/22.md +++ b/php/01/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## But if to live in the flesh produces fruit from my labor ## +# But if I am to live in the flesh -The word "fruit" here refers to the good results of Paul's work. AT: "But if living in my physical body gives me more chances to encourage people to believe in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "flesh" here is a metonym for the body, and "living in the flesh" is a metonym for being alive. AT: "But if I am to remain alive in my body" or "But if I continue to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## For I am pulled by both of these choices ## +# Yet which to choose? -AT: "I am under tension, if I should choose to live or to die" +"But which should I choose?" -## I have the desire to depart and be with Christ ## +# that means fruitful labor for me -AT: "I would like to die because I will go to be with Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The word "fruit" here refers to the good results of Paul's work. AT: "that means I will be able to work and my work will produce good results" or "then I will have more chances to encourage people to believe in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Yet to remain in the flesh is more necessary for your sake ## +# For I am hard pressed between the two -AT: "Yet to live on in my physical body is more helpful to you" \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of how hard it is for him to choose between living and dying as if two heavy objects, like rocks or logs, were pushing on him from opposite sides at the same time. Your language might prefer the objects to pull rather than push. AT: "I am under tension. I do not know if I should choose to live or to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My desire is to depart and be with Christ + +Paul uses a euphemism here to show that he is not afraid of dying. AT: "I would like to die because I will go to be with Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/25.md b/php/01/25.md index fff0235e4a..5698dcb24f 100644 --- a/php/01/25.md +++ b/php/01/25.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Since I am confident about this ## +# Being convinced of this -"Since I am sure of this" +"Since I am sure that it is better for you that I stay alive" -## I know that I will remain ## +# I know that I will remain "I know that I will continue to live" or "I know that I will keep on living" -## and that I will continue with you all ## +# so that in me -"and that I will keep on serving all of you" +"so that because of me" or "so that because of what I do" -## As a result, you should be proud of me in Christ Jesus when I am present with you again ## +# that you are standing firm in one spirit, with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel -AT: "So, when I come to you again, you will be proud of me because of what I have done for Christ Jesus" +The phrases "standing firm in one spirit" and "with one mind striving together" share similar meanings and emphasize the importance of unity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Only conduct your lives in a manner worthy ## +# with one mind striving together -"Only live your lives in a way that is worthy" +"striving together with one mind." Agreeing with one another is spoken of as having one mind. AT: "agreeing with one another and striving together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## stand firmly in one spirit, with one soul striving together ## +# striving together -These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize the importance of unity. The words "spirit" and "soul" refer to the mind and emotions. AT: "all have the same determined purpose and are working together with the same desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"working hard together" -## for the faith of the gospel ## +# for the faith of the gospel -AT: "to spread the faith that is based on the gospel" or "to believe and live as the good news teaches us" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "to spread the faith that is based on the gospel" or 2) "to believe and live as the gospel teaches us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/28.md b/php/01/28.md index cbebe5d612..9bf94a0a1c 100644 --- a/php/01/28.md +++ b/php/01/28.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## And do not be frightened by anything ## +# Do not be frightened in any respect -This is a command to the Philippian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]]) +This is a command to the Philippian believers. If your language has a plural command form, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## from those opposing you ## +# This is a sign to them of their destruction, but of your salvation—and this from God -"from those who are against what you do” +"Your courage will show them that God will destroy them. It will also show you that God will save you" -## which is for them a sign of their destruction but of your salvation, salvation that is from God ## +# and this from God -AT: "because your courage will show them that God will destroy them, but God will save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"and this is from God." Possible meanings are the word "this" refers to 1) the believers' courage or 2) the sign or 3) destruction and salvation. -## Because to you it has been granted on the behalf of Christ, not only to believe on him, but also to suffer in his behalf ## +# having the same conflict which you saw in me, and now you hear in me -AT: "Because God has given you not only the honor of believing in Christ, but also the honor of suffering for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## since you have to suffer the same conflict that you saw in me, and now hear to be in me ## - -AT: "That is why you are having the same struggles which you saw me have and you hear that I still have now" \ No newline at end of file +"suffering in the same way that you saw me suffer, and that you hear I am still suffering" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/intro.md b/php/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..25f8cac0a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/php/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Philippians 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +It was possible at this time to begin an informal letter from a religious leader with a prayer. This is how Paul begins this letter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The day of Christ ##### +This is probably a reference to the day when Christ returns. It was common for Paul to connect the return of Christ with motivation for godly living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a seemingly absurd statement, which appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: Paul rejoices in his suffering. This is a counter-intuitive reaction to difficulties. Paul's statement, "to die is gain" is another apparent paradox. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Philippians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Philippians intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/01.md b/php/02/01.md index ec3a6c8958..862fafab84 100644 --- a/php/02/01.md +++ b/php/02/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## If there is therefore any…if any…if any…if any ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul is using the "if" constructions here to emphasize that all of these certainly do exist. AT: "Since there is..." +Paul advises the believers to have unity and humility and reminds them of Christ's example. -## fellowship of the Spirit ## +# If there is any encouragement in Christ -"fellowship with the Spirit" \ No newline at end of file +"If Christ has encouraged you " + +# if there is any comfort from his love + +"if his love has given you any comfort" + +# if there is any fellowship of the Spirit + +"if you have fellowship with the Spirit" + +# if there are any tender mercies and compassions + +"if you have experienced many of God's acts of tender mercy and compassion" + +# make my joy full + +Paul speaks here of joy as if it were a container that can be filled. AT: "cause me to rejoice greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/03.md b/php/02/03.md index 30f789aff2..05de04eeac 100644 --- a/php/02/03.md +++ b/php/02/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Do nothing through selfishness or empty pride ## +# Do nothing out of selfishness or empty conceit -AT: "Never do anything that only makes you happy or makes you feel more important than other people" +"Do not serve yourselves or think of yourselves as better than others" -## in lowliness of mind count others ## +# Each of you should take care not only for your own needs, but also for the needs of others -Here the word "mind" refers to a person's attitude and how they think about other people. AT: "be humble and consider others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## Do not look out for each of your own needs ## - -AT: "Do not only be concerned with your own needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Do not care only about what you need, but also about what others need" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/05.md b/php/02/05.md index 649d56a2aa..7295d73ba0 100644 --- a/php/02/05.md +++ b/php/02/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## Have this mind in you, which was also in Christ Jesus ## +# Think in the way that was also in Christ Jesus -Here "mind" refers to a person's attitude or how they think. AT: "Have the same attitude as Christ Jesus" or "Think about things the way Christ Jesus did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Have the same attitude that Christ Jesus had" or "Think about things the way Christ Jesus did" + +# he did not consider his equality with God as something to hold on to + +Paul is speaking here of equality with God the Father as if it were something that Christ could grasp with his hands. As the UDB makes clear, during Christ's time on earth, he did not cease to be God; instead, he ceased to act as God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he emptied himself + +Paul speaks of Christ as if he were a container in order to say that Christ refused to act with his divine powers during his ministry on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He was found in appearance as a man. He humbled + +The words "was found ... as" is an idiom for "was" or "became." "Having become a human being, he humbled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). Your language might have a similar idiom, such as "Everyone could see he was a human being. He humbled." + +# became obedient to the point of death + +Paul speaks of death here in a figurative way. The translator can understand it either as a metaphor of location (Christ went all the way to death) or as a metaphor of time (Christ was obedient even until the time that he died). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# even death of a cross + +"even death on a cross" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/09.md b/php/02/09.md index 4119c2b79f..b7ef7abf36 100644 --- a/php/02/09.md +++ b/php/02/09.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -Paul continues to describe the attitude Jesus Christ had +# the name that is above every name -## God highly exalted him ## +Here "name" is a metonym that refers to rank or honor. AT: "the rank that is above any other rank" or "the honor that is above any other honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"God highly exalted Jesus" +# above every name -## name above every name ## +The name is more important, more to be praised than any other name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Here "name" refers to rank or honor. AT: "rank above any other rank" or "honor above any other honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# in the name of Jesus -## every knee ## +Possible meanings are 1) "when everyone hears the name Jesus" or 2) "in honor of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Here "knee" refers to the whole person. AT: "every person" or "every being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# every knee should bend -## under the earth ## +Here "knee" refers to the whole person, and bending the knee to kneel on the ground is a metonym for worship. AT: "every person will worship God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -This refers to the place where people go when they die, which is called "Hades," and also the place where demons dwell, which is called "the abyss." +# under the earth -## every tongue ## +Possible meanings are 1) the place where people go when they die or 2) the place where demons dwell. -Here "tongue" refers to the whole person. AT: "every person" or "every being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# every tongue + +Here "tongue" refers to the whole person. AT: "every person" or "every being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to the glory of God the Father + +Here the word "to" expresses result: "with the result that they will praise God the Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/12.md b/php/02/12.md index e2466fda84..f05df88cf3 100644 --- a/php/02/12.md +++ b/php/02/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## my beloved ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "my dear fellow believers" +Paul encourages the Philippian believers and shows them how to live the Christian life before others and reminds them of his example. -## in my presence ## +# my beloved -AT: "when I am there with you" +"my dear fellow believers" -## in my absence ## +# in my presence -AT: "when I am not there with you" +"when I am there with you" -## work out your own salvation ## +# in my absence -AT: "continue obeying God" +"when I am not there with you" -## fear and trembling ## +# work out your own salvation -The words "fear" and "trembling" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize reverence before God. AT: "deep reverence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"continue obeying God" -## both to will and to work ## +# with fear and trembling -God both motivates us and enables us to do his work. \ No newline at end of file +The words "fear" and "trembling" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize reverence before God. AT: "trembling with fear" or "with deep reverence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# both to will and to work + +"God acts so that you will desire to obey him and then so that you will obey him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/14.md b/php/02/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index b0170863f6..0000000000 --- a/php/02/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -## blameless and honest ## - -Paul expresses the same idea using both positive and negative words. AT: "completely innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -## without blemish ## - -AT: "without fault" or "perfect" - -## shine as lights ## - -This compares believers living in a way that honors God among people who dishonor God to a light shining in the dark. AT: "live in a way that honors God" - -## in the world ## - -Here "world" refers to all values and behaviors that do not honor God. - -## crooked and depraved ## - -These two words mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize how wicked the generation is. AT: "completely wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -## to glory ## - -"to rejoice" or "to be glad" - -## in the day of Christ ## - -This refers to when Jesus comes back to set up his kingdom and rule over the earth. AT: "when Christ returns" - -## I did not run in vain nor labor in vain ## - -The phrases "run in vain" and "labor in vain" here mean the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how hard he has worked to help the people believe in Christ. AT: "I did not work so hard for nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/17.md b/php/02/17.md index c878346c35..e0b97bc658 100644 --- a/php/02/17.md +++ b/php/02/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## But even if my life is poured out as an offering upon the sacrifice and service of your faith, I rejoice with great joy with you all ## +# But even if I am poured out as an offering on the sacrifice and service of your faith, I rejoice, and I rejoice with you all -Paul is comparing his death with the Old Testament ritual where wine or olive oil is poured on top of or beside the animal sacrifice that a worshiper would offer to God. What Paul means is that he would gladly die for the Philippians if that would make them more pleasing to God. AT: "But, even if the Romans decide to execute me, I will greatly rejoice if my death will make your faith and obedience more pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Paul speaks of his death as if he were a drink offering which is poured upon the animal sacrifice to honor God. What Paul means is that he would gladly die for the Philippians if that would make them more pleasing to God. Also, this can be expressed in active form. AT: "But, even if the Romans decide to execute me, I will greatly rejoice if my death will make your faith and obedience more pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## And in the same manner ## +# you also rejoice, and you rejoice with me -AT: "Likewise" - -## you also must rejoice with great joy with me ## - -The phrase "rejoice with great joy" is used for emphasis. AT: "I want you to greatly rejoice with me" \ No newline at end of file +These two expressions together signal intense joy. AT: "I want you to greatly rejoice with me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/19.md b/php/02/19.md index 03aa5b50a8..0d1b30f3f2 100644 --- a/php/02/19.md +++ b/php/02/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## But I expect in the Lord Jesus ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "But, if the Lord Jesus is willing, I expect" +Paul tells the Philippian believers about his plan to send Timothy soon and that they should treat Epaphroditus as special. -## For they all ## +# But I hope in the Lord Jesus -Here the word "they" refers to a group of people Paul does not feel he can trust to send to Philippi. Paul is also expressing his displeasure with the group, who should have been able to go, but Paul does not trust them to fulfill their mission. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +"But, if the Lord Jesus is willing, I hope" + +# For I have no one else with his same attitude + +"No one else here loves you as much as he does" + +# For they all + +Here the word "they" refers to a group of people Paul does not feel he can trust to send to Philippi. Paul is also expressing his displeasure with the group, who should have been able to go, but Paul does not trust them to fulfill their mission. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/22.md b/php/02/22.md index f27e2a560c..500571a821 100644 --- a/php/02/22.md +++ b/php/02/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Timothy has proven himself ## +# as a child serves his father, so he served with me -AT: "Timothy has shown that he cares about the things of Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Paul speaks of Timothy, who served Christ with Paul, as if he were a child serving his father. Paul is emphasizing the close father-son relationship he has with Timothy in serving Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## as a child serves his father, so he served with me ## +# in the gospel -Paul compares Timothy's service with him to a child serving his father. Paul is emphasizing the close father-son relationship he has with Timothy in serving Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "the gospel" stands for the activity of telling people about Jesus. AT: "in telling people about the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in the spread of the gospel ## +# I am confident in the Lord that I myself will also come soon -AT: "in telling people about the gospel" - -## I am confident in the Lord that I myself will come soon, also ## - -AT: "I am sure, if it is the Lord's will, that I will also come soon" \ No newline at end of file +"I am sure, if it is the Lord's will, that I will also come soon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/25.md b/php/02/25.md index c625664936..0ef9a2854f 100644 --- a/php/02/25.md +++ b/php/02/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Epaphroditus ## +# Epaphroditus This is the name of a man sent by the Philippian church to minister to Paul in prison. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## fellow worker and fellow soldier ## +# fellow worker and fellow soldier -Here “soldier” is comparing a person who fights physical battles with a believer who fights spiritual battles. Paul is emphasizing that a believer has to struggle against evil in order to spread the gospel. AT: "fellow believer who works and struggles along with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here Paul is speaking of Epaphroditus as if he were a soldier. He means that Epaphroditus is trained and is dedicated to serving God, no matter how great the hardship he must suffer. AT: "fellow believer who works and struggles along with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and your messenger and minister to my need ## +# your messenger and servant for my needs -AT: "and who brings your messages to me and helps me when I am in need" +"who brings your messages to me and helps me when I am in need" -## he was deeply distressed and longed to be with you all ## +# he was very distressed, and he longed to be with you all -AT: "he was very worried and wanted to be with you all" +"he was very worried and wanted to be with you all" -## sorrow upon sorrow ## +# sorrow upon sorrow -AT: "sorrow added to the sorrow I already have from being in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The cause of the sorrow can be made explicit. AT: "the sorrow of losing him added to the sorrow I already have from being in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/28.md b/php/02/28.md index 1069e1dab1..c9b81135e5 100644 --- a/php/02/28.md +++ b/php/02/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Welcome Epaphroditus ## +# I can be free from anxiety -"Receive Epaphroditus" +"I will be less anxious" or "I will not worry as much as I have been" -## in the Lord with all joy ## +# Welcome Epaphroditus -AT: "as a fellow believer in the Lord with all joy" or "with the great joy we have because the Lord Jesus loves us" (UDB) +"Gladly receive Epaphroditus" -## doing the work of Christ ## +# in the Lord with all joy -AT: "working for Christ" (UDB) +"as a fellow believer in the Lord with all joy" or "with the great joy we have because the Lord Jesus loves us" -## supply my needs ## +# he came near death -AT: "provide what I needed" \ No newline at end of file +Paul here speaks of death as if it were a place that one could go to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fill up what you could not do in service to me + +Paul speaks of his needs as if they were a container that Epaphroditus filled with good things for Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/02/intro.md b/php/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9eb875b24d --- /dev/null +++ b/php/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Philippians 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations, like the ULB, prefer to set apart the lines of 2:6-11. This is a description of the "mind of Christ." This is an important teaching on the person of Jesus. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Practical instructions ##### +This chapter contains many practical instructions that Paul gives to the church in Philippi. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "If any" ##### +This appears to be a type of hypothetical statement, but it is not because it is assumed to be true. The translator may also translate as "since." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Philippians 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/01.md b/php/03/01.md index fa3e70b905..9a71c6d381 100644 --- a/php/03/01.md +++ b/php/03/01.md @@ -1,43 +1,51 @@ -## Finally, my brothers ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Now moving along, my brothers" or "concerning other matters my brothers" +In order to warn his fellow believers about Jews who would try to get them to follow the old laws, Paul gives his own testimony about when he persecuted believers. -## rejoice in the Lord ## +# Finally, my brothers -"Be happy because of all the Lord has done." +"Now moving along, my brothers" or "Concerning other matters, my brothers" -## For me to write these same things to you is not a problem ## +# brothers -"I gladly write these same teachings to you" +See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md). -## and they will keep you safe ## +# rejoice in the Lord -The pronoun "they" refers to Paul's teachings. How they will keep the believers safe can be translated more explicitly "because these teachings will protect you from those who teach what is not true." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"be happy because of all the Lord has done" -## Watch out for ## +# For me to write these same things again to you is no trouble for me + +"It is no trouble for me to write these things again to you" + +# and it keeps you safe + +Here "these things" refers to Paul's teachings. You can add this alternate translation to the end of the previous sentence. AT: "because these teachings will protect you from those who teach what is not true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Watch out for "Beware of" or "Look out for" -## the dogs…the evil workers…the mutilators ## +# the dogs ... the evil workers ... those who mutilate the flesh -These are three different ways of describing the same group of false teachers. +These are three different ways of describing the same group of false teachers. Paul is using strong expressions to convey his feeling about these Jewish Christian teachers. -## for the dogs ## +# dogs -The word "dogs" was used by the Jews to refer to those who were not Jews. They were considered unclean. Paul compares the false teachers to dogs as an insult. If you have a different animal in your culture that is considered unclean or used as an insult, you could use this animal instead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "dogs" was used by the Jews to refer to those who were not Jews. They were considered unclean. Paul speaks of the false teachers as though they were dogs, to insult them. If you have a different animal in your culture that is considered unclean or whose name is used as an insult, you could use this animal instead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## the mutilators ## +# mutilate -To "mutilate" means to butcher or to cut in a violent way. Paul is exaggerating about the act of circumcision to insult the false teachers. The false teachers said God will only save a person who is circumcised or cuts off the foreskin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Paul is exaggerating about the act of circumcision to insult the false teachers. The false teachers said God will only save a person who is circumcised, who cuts off the foreskin. This action was required by the law of Moses for all male Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## For we are ## +# For we are -Paul uses "we" to refer to Himself and all true believers in Christ, including his the Philippian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Paul uses "we" to refer to himself and all true believers in Christ, including the Philippian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## the true circumcision ## +# the circumcision -Paul uses this phrase to refer to believers in Christ who are not physically circumcised but are spiritually circumcised, which means they have received the Holy Spirit through faith. This can be translated as "truly God's people." +Paul uses this phrase to refer to believers in Christ who are not physically circumcised but are spiritually circumcised, which means they have received the Holy Spirit through faith. "truly God's people" -## have no confidence in the flesh ## +# have no confidence in the flesh -"do not trust that just cutting our flesh will please God" \ No newline at end of file +"do not trust that only cutting our flesh will please God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/04.md b/php/03/04.md index a0ef31ef07..2c5083673b 100644 --- a/php/03/04.md +++ b/php/03/04.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Even so ## +# Even so "Yet" or "However" -## I myself could have confidence in the flesh. If anyone thinks he has confidence in the flesh, I could have even more ## +# I myself could have confidence in the flesh. If anyone thinks he has confidence in the flesh, I could have even more -This is a hypothetical situation that Paul does not believe is possible. Paul says if it were possible that God would save people based on what they did, then God would have certainly saved him. This could be translated as "If anyone could have done enough things to please God, it would have been me" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +This is a hypothetical situation that Paul does not believe is possible. Paul says if it were possible that God would save people based on what they did, then God would certainly have saved him. AT: "No one can do enough things to please God, but if anyone could do enough things to please God, I could do more good things and please God more than anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## I myself ## +# I myself -Paul uses "myself" for emphasis. Alternate translation: "certainly I". +Paul uses "myself" for emphasis. AT: "certainly I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## I was circumcised ## +# I was circumcised -This can be translated with an active verb: "A priest circumcised me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "A priest circumcised me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the eighth day ## +# the eighth day -"seven days after I was born" (UDB). +"seven days after I was born" -## a Hebrew of Hebrews ## +# a Hebrew of Hebrews -"a Hebrew son with Hebrew parents" +Possible meanings are 1) "a Hebrew son with Hebrew parents" or 2) "the purest Hebrew." -## in respect to the law, a Pharisee ## +# with regard to the law, a Pharisee -"as a Pharisee I was completely devoted to the law." \ No newline at end of file +"as a Pharisee, I was completely devoted to the law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/06.md b/php/03/06.md index 066c97ee61..74e5462f9c 100644 --- a/php/03/06.md +++ b/php/03/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## I zealously persecuted the church ## +# As for zeal, I persecuted the church -"I was very determined to hurt Christian believers" +Paul says here that he had been very eager to punish people for following Christ. "I was very determined to hurt Christian believers" -## was blameless in respect to the righteousness of the Law ## +# as for righteousness under the law, I was blameless -"obeyed the law completely" +"I obeyed the law completely" -## I have counted them as worthless ## +# whatever things were a profit for me -Paul concludes that all his religious acts of righteousness as being worthless before Christ. \ No newline at end of file +Paul is referring here to the praise he received for being an eager Pharisee. He speaks of this praise as if he had viewed it in the past as a businessman's profit. AT: "anything that other Jews praised me for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I considered them as loss + +Paul speaks of that praise as if he were now viewing it as a business loss instead of a profit. In other words, Paul says that all his religious acts of righteousness are worthless before Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/08.md b/php/03/08.md index 6e4570139e..95beb75d28 100644 --- a/php/03/08.md +++ b/php/03/08.md @@ -1,63 +1,51 @@ -## In fact ## +# In fact -"Really," or "Truly," +"Really" or "Truly" -## now I count ## +# now I count -The word "now" emphasizes how Paul has changed since he quit being a Pharisee and became a believer in Christ. This can made explicit: "now that I have trusted in Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The word "now" emphasizes how Paul has changed since he quit being a Pharisee and became a believer in Christ. AT: "now that I have trusted in Christ, I count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I count all things to be loss ## +# I count all things to be loss -Paul states it is worthless to trust in anything other than Christ. This can be translated as "I consider everything to be worthless." +Paul is continuing the business metaphor from [Philippians 3:7](./06.md), saying it is worthless to trust in anything other than Christ. AT: "I consider everything to be worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## because of the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord. ## +# because of the surpassing value of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord -"because knowing Christ Jesus my Lord is worth so much more." +"because knowing Christ Jesus my Lord is worth so much more" -## For him I have discarded all things ## +# I have given up all things -This could be translated as "Because of him I have willingly rejected everything else." +Use your usual way of expressing the willingness to give up everything you have for Christ, if that is God's will for you. -## I consider them garbage ## +# I consider them rubbish -Paul compares anything a person may trust in to waste that is thrown out. He is emphasizing how worthless they really are. It could be translated as "I think of them as trash" or "I think of them as completely worthless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of the things a person may trust in as if it were waste that is thrown out. He is emphasizing how worthless they really are. AT: "I think of them as trash" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## so that I may gain Christ ## +# so that I may gain Christ -"so that I may have Christ alone" +"so that I may have only Christ" -## and now I am found in him ## +# be found in him -The phrase "found in him" means to have a close relationship or to be united with him. This can be translated with an active verb: "and now I have a relationship with christ" or "and now I am united with christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The phrase "be found" is an idiom that emphasizes the idea of "to be." AT: "be truly united with Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I do not have a righteousness of my own from the law. ## +# I do not have a righteousness of my own from the law -"I am not trying to please God on my own by obeying the law." +"I am not trying to please God on my own by obeying the law" -## Instead, I have ## +# the power of his resurrection -"Rather, I have" or "Exactly the opposite, I have" +"his power that gives us life" -## I have the righteousness from God that is through faith in Christ. ## +# the fellowship of his sufferings -"God has accepted me because I have put my trust in Christ." +"what it is like to suffer as he suffered" or "what it is like to participate in suffering with him" -## It is a righteousness of knowing him ## +# I want to be transformed into the likeness of his death -This can be translated as "I only want Christ so that I might know him" +Possible meanings are 1) Paul wants Christ to change him so that he can die as Christ died or 2) he wants his desire to sin to become as dead as Jesus was before he was raised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the power of his resurrection ## +# so somehow I may experience the resurrection from the dead -"and know his power that gives us life" - -## the fellowship of his sufferings ## - -"and share in his sufferings" - -## and I am transformed by Christ into the likeness of his death ## - -The word "transform" means to change one thing into something else. The way Jesus died resulted in eternal life. So, Paul wants his death to be like Jesus' death so he may also receive eternal life. This can be translated with an active clause: "and Christ has changed me into the likeness of his death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## so somehow I may experience the resurrection from the dead ## - -The word "somehow" means Paul does not know what is going to happen to him in this life, but whatever happens it will somehow result in eternal life. This could be translated as "so that, no matter what happens to me now, I will come back to life after I die." \ No newline at end of file +The word "somehow" means Paul does not know what is going to happen to him in this life, but whatever happens, it will result in eternal life. "so that, no matter what happens to me now, I will come back to life after I die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/12.md b/php/03/12.md index 1a250139f7..4ab30e338a 100644 --- a/php/03/12.md +++ b/php/03/12.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## received these things ## +# Connecting Statement: -These include knowing Christ, knowing the power of his resurrection, sharing in Christ's suffering, and being united with Christ in his death and resurrection. +Paul urges the believers at Philippi to follow his present example because of heaven and the new bodies that wait for believers. He speaks of how he works as hard as he can to be like Christ, knowing that God will allow him to live forever in heaven, as if he were a runner racing for the finish line. -## so I am not yet complete ## +# received these things + +These include knowing Christ, knowing the power of his resurrection, sharing in Christ's suffering, and being united with Christ in his death and resurrection ([Philippians 3:8-11](./08.md)). + +# or that I have become complete "so I am not yet perfect" or "so I am not yet mature" -## But I continue pressing on ## +# But I press on -"But I keep trying" (UDB) +"But I keep trying" -## I may grasp ## +# I may grasp that for which I was grasped by Christ Jesus -"I may receive these things" +Receiving spiritual things from Christ is spoken of as if Paul could grasp them with his hands. And, Jesus choosing Paul to belong to him is spoken of as if Jesus grasped Paul with his hands. This can be stated in an active form. AT: "I may receive these things because that is why Jesus claimed me as his own" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that for which I was grasped by Christ Jesus ## +# Brothers -This can be translated with an active verb: "because that is why Jesus claimed me as his own" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). +See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md). -## Brothers, ... ## +# I myself have yet grasped it -Paul is referring to the Philippian believers. Alternate translation: "Fellow believers" +Receiving spiritual things from Christ is spoken of as if Paul could grasp them with his hands. AT: "all these things belong to me yet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I myself have taken possession of it ## +# I forget what is behind and strain for what is ahead -"all these things belong to me yet" +Like a runner in a race is no longer concerned about the part of the race that is completed but only focuses on what is ahead, Paul speaks of setting aside his religious works of righteousness and only focusing on the race of life that Christ has set before him to complete. AT: "I do not care what I have done in the past; I only work as hard as I can on what is ahead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I forget what is behind and strive for what is ahead ## +# I press on toward the goal to win the prize of the upward calling of God in Christ Jesus -Like a runner in a race is no longer concerned about the sections of the race complete, but only focuses on those sections that are to come, Paul speaks of setting aside his religious works of righteousness and only focuses on the race of life that Christ as set before him to complete. Alternate Translation "I do not care what I have done in the past."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +As a runner presses onward to win the race, Paul presses onward in serving and living in obedience to Christ. AT: "I do all I can to be like Christ, like a runner racing to the finish line, so that I may belong to him, and God may call me to himself after I die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I continue pressing on toward the goal to win the prize of the upward calling of God in Christ Jesus. ## +# the upward calling -Paul continues the comparison, as a runner presses onward to win the race, Paul presses onward in serving and walking in obedience to Christ. "I continue believing in Christ so that I may belong to him and God may call me to himself after I die." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are that Paul speaks of living eternally with God as if God were to call Paul to ascend 1) to heaven as Jesus did or 2) the steps to the podium where winners of races received prizes, as a metaphor for meeting God face to face and receiving eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/15.md b/php/03/15.md index 122f267eed..ac3fae29b2 100644 --- a/php/03/15.md +++ b/php/03/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## Let us therefore, as many as are mature, think like that ## +# All of us who are mature, let us think this way -"I encourage all of us believers who are strong in the faith to think the same way." Paul wants his fellow believers to have the same desires he listed in [Philippians 3:8](./08.md). +Paul wants his fellow believers to have the same desires he listed in [Philippians 3:8-11](./08.md). AT: "I encourage all of us believers who are strong in the faith to think the same way" -## If you think ## +# God will also reveal that to you -The word "you" here refers to believers who may think differently or disagree with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +"God will also make it clear to you" or "God will make sure you know it" -## God will also reveal that to you. ## +# whatever we have reached, let us hold on to it -"God will also make it clear to you." - -## Whatever the case ## - -Paul is finishing this section of his letter and emphasizing the main point. It could be translated as: "No matter what." - -## if we have reached this point, we must walk in an orderly fashion according to it. ## - -This can be translated as "let us all continue obeying the same truth we have already received." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul uses "we" to include the Philippian believers. AT: "let us all continue obeying the same truth we have already received" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/17.md b/php/03/17.md index c0fc98395a..fa51b4386d 100644 --- a/php/03/17.md +++ b/php/03/17.md @@ -1,43 +1,51 @@ -## Brothers, join me ## +# Be imitators of me -Paul is expressing that he considers the Philippian believers as his brothers in Christ. +"Do what I do" or "Live as I live" -## imitate me ## +# brothers -"do what I do" or "live as I live" +See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md). -## watch closely ## - -"look carefully at" - -## those who are walking by our example ## +# those who are walking by the example that you have in us "those who already are living as I live" or "those who already are doing what I do" -## I have often told you ## +# Many are walking ... as enemies of the cross of Christ + +These words are Paul's main thought for this verse. + +# Many are walking + +A person's behavior is spoken of as if that person were walking along a path. AT: "Many are living" or "Many are conducting their lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those about whom I have often told you, and now I am telling you with tears + +Paul interrupts his main thought with these words that describe the "many." You can move them to the beginning or end of the verse if you need to. + +# I have often told you "I have told you many times" -## and tell you now with tears, ## +# am telling you with tears -"and tell you now with great sadness" +"am telling you with great sadness" -## that many are living as enemies of the cross of Christ ## +# as enemies of the cross of Christ -Here, "the cross of Christ" refers to Christ's suffering and death. The enemies are those who say they believe in Jesus but are not willing to suffer or die like Jesus did. This can be translated as "that many people say they believe in Jesus, but the way they act shows they are actually against Jesus who was willing to suffer and die on a cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "the cross of Christ" refers to Christ's suffering and death. The enemies are those who say they believe in Jesus but are not willing to suffer or die like Jesus did. AT: "in a way that shows they are actually against Jesus, who was willing to suffer and die on a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Their destiny is destruction ## +# Their destiny is destruction "Someday God will destroy them" -## their god is their belly ## +# their god is their stomach -Here, the word "belly" refers to a person's desires for physical pleasure. This could be translated as "they desire food and other physical pleasures more than they desire to obey God." +Here "stomach" refers to a person's desires for physical pleasure. Calling it their god means that they want these pleasures more than they want to obey God. AT: "they desire food and other physical pleasures more than they desire to obey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## their glory is their shame ## +# their pride is in their shame -"they are proud of the things that should cause them shame" +Here "shame" stands for the actions that the people should be ashamed about but are not. AT: "they are proud of the things that should cause them shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They are thinking about earthly things ## +# They think about earthly things -Here "earthly" refers to everything that gives physical pleasure and does not honor God. This could be translated as "All they think about is what will please themselves rather than what will please God." \ No newline at end of file +Here "earthly" refers to everything that gives physical pleasure and does not honor God. AT: "All they think about is what will please themselves rather than what will please God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/20.md b/php/03/20.md index ba82f958ce..073a8aea8b 100644 --- a/php/03/20.md +++ b/php/03/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Because as for us ## +# General Information: -Paul is including his audience in the use of "us". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +By Paul's use of "our" and "we" here, he includes himself and the believers in Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## our citizenship is in heaven ## +# our citizenship is in heaven -"our homeland is in heaven" or "our true home is in heaven" +Possible meanings are 1) "we are citizens of heaven" or 2) "our homeland is heaven" or 3) "our true home is heaven." -## from where we also wait for a savior, the Lord Jesus Christ ## - -"and we are waiting for a savior, the Lord Jesus Christ, to return to earth from heaven" - -## He will transform our lowly bodies ## +# He will transform our lowly bodies "He will change our weak, earthly bodies" -## into bodies formed like His glorious body ## +# into bodies formed like his glorious body "into bodies like his glorious body" -## formed by His power to control all things ## +# body, formed by the might of his power to subject all things to himself -This can be translated as a new sentence and with an active clause: "He will change our bodies with the same power He uses to control all things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "body. He will change our bodies with the same power he uses to control all things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/03/intro.md b/php/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f996a4aaba --- /dev/null +++ b/php/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Philippians 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Philippians 3:4-8 contains a list of Paul's "qualifications" for being considered a righteous Jew. In every conceivable way, Paul was an exemplary Jew. He uses this to contrast with the greatness of knowing Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Dogs ##### +In the ancient Near East, dogs were used as an image to refer to people in a negative way. Not all cultures will use the term "dogs" in this way and some cultures may have positive connotations associated with dogs. + +##### Resurrected Bodies ##### +Very little is known about what people will look like in heaven. It is apparent from this chapter, people will have bodies and they will be free from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Prize ##### +Paul uses an extended illustration to describe the Christian life. The goal of the Christian life is attempting to grow in likeness to Christ until a person dies. This goal can never be perfectly achieved but must be strived for. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Philippians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/04/01.md b/php/04/01.md index f6af48654f..2dd0fceb86 100644 --- a/php/04/01.md +++ b/php/04/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,47 @@ -## Therefore, my beloved brothers whom I long for ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul continues with some specific instructions to the believers in Philippi on unity and then gives instructions to help them live for the Lord. + +# General Information: + +When Paul says, "my true yokefellow," the word "you" is singular. Paul does not say the name of the person. He calls him that to show he worked with Paul to spread the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Therefore, my beloved brothers whom I long for "My fellow believers, I love you and I greatly desire to see you" -## my joy and crown, ## +# brothers -Paul uses the word "joy" to mean that the Philippian church is the cause of his happiness. A "crown" was made of leaves and a person wore it on their heads as a sign of honor after they won an important game. Here the word "crown" means the Philippian church brought honor to Paul before God. This can be translated as a new sentence: "You give me joy because you have believed in Jesus and you are my reward and honor for my work." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md). -## in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved friends. ## +# my joy and crown -This can be translated as a new sentence: "So continue living for the Lord in the way that I have taught you, dear friends." +Paul uses the word "joy" to mean that the Philippian church is the cause of his happiness. A "crown" was made of leaves, and a man wore it on his head as a sign of honor after he won an important game. Here the word "crown" means the Philippian church brought honor to Paul before God. AT: "You give me joy because you have believed in Jesus, and you are my reward and honor for my work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I am pleading with Euodia, and I am pleading with Syntyche, ## +# in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved friends -these are women who were believers and helped Paul in the church at Philippi. This can be translated as "I beg Euodia and I beg Syntyche." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"so continue living for the Lord in the way that I have taught you, dear friends" -## be of the same mind in the Lord. ## +# I am pleading with Euodia, and I am pleading with Syntyche -The phrase "be of the same mind" means to have the same attitude or opinion. This can be translated as "agree with each other because you both believe in the same Lord." +These are women who were believers and helped Paul in the church at Philippi. AT: "I beg Euodia, and I beg Syntyche" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Indeed, I am entreating you too, my true yoke-fellow, ## +# be of the same mind in the Lord -fellow,** - Here the word "you" is singular. Paul does not tell the name of the person. He just calls him "my true yoke-fellow" which refers to someone who has worked with Paul to spread the Gospel. This could be translated as "Yes, I ask you too, my true fellow-worker." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The phrase "be of the same mind" means to have the same attitude or opinion. AT: "agree with each other because you both believe in the same Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## along with Clement ## +# Yes, I ask you, my true companion -A man who was a believer and worker in the church at Philippi. +Here "you" refers to the "true fellow worker" and is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## whose names are in the book of life. ## +# true companion -"whose names are written in the Book of Life." \ No newline at end of file +This metaphor is from farming, where two animals would be bound to the same yoke, and so they work together. AT: "fellow worker" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# along with Clement + +Clement was a man who was a believer and worker in the church at Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# whose names are in The Book of Life + +"whose names God has written in The Book of Life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/04/04.md b/php/04/04.md index 85386da764..3a76df3ea1 100644 --- a/php/04/04.md +++ b/php/04/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, rejoice. ## +# Rejoice in the Lord -Paul is talking to all the Philippian believers. He repeats the command to rejoice to emphasize how important it is. This can be translated as: "Be glad because of what the Lord has done! Again I tell you be glad!" +See how you translated this in [Philippians 3:1](../03/01.md). -## Your gentleness needs to be known to all people. ## - -"All people need to see how kind you are." - -## The Lord is near ## +# The Lord is near Possible meanings are 1) The Lord Jesus is near to the believers in spirit or 2) the day the Lord Jesus will return to the earth is near. -## in everything by prayer in requests tell God what you need and thank him ## +# in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God -"ask God for everything you need with prayer and thanks." +"whatever happens to you, ask God for everything you need with prayer and thanks" -## which exceeds all understanding ## +# which surpasses all understanding "which is more than we can understand" -## will guard your hearts and your thoughts ## +# will guard your hearts and your thoughts -This presents God's peace as a soldier that protects our emotions and thoughts from worrying. This full meaning could be made explicit: "will be like a soldier and guard your emotions and thoughts from worrying about the troubles of this life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This presents God's peace as a soldier who protects our emotions and thoughts from worrying. AT: "will be like a soldier and guard your emotions and thoughts from worrying about the troubles of this life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/04/08.md b/php/04/08.md index a727ff8dfc..7adda8ef9c 100644 --- a/php/04/08.md +++ b/php/04/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Finally ## +# Finally -This ends this section of the letter. Paul now goes on to give a summary of how believers should live to have peace with God. +As Paul ends his letter, he gives a summary of how believers should live to have peace with God. -## whatever things are lovely ## +# brothers + +See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md). + +# whatever things are lovely "whatever things are pleasing" -## whatever things are of good report ## +# whatever things are of good report -"whatever things that people admire" or "whatever things that people respect" +"whatever thing people admire" or "whatever things people respect" -## if there is any excellence in them ## +# if there is anything excellent "if they are morally good" -## and if there is any praise in them ## +# if there is anything to be praised -"and if they are a cause for praise" +"and if they are things that people praise" -## think on these things ## - -"think about these things" - -## that you have learned, received, heard, and have seen in me ## +# that you have learned and received and heard and seen in me "that I have taught and shown you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/04/10.md b/php/04/10.md index b8b4b31289..2271f9a353 100644 --- a/php/04/10.md +++ b/php/04/10.md @@ -1,31 +1,23 @@ -## Although previously you were thinking of me, there was no opportunity for you to help. ## +# Connecting Statement: -"I know you were thinking about me before now, but there had been no reason for you to send me help." +Paul talks about the Philippian believers having supported him financially and ends with greetings and thanks. -## to be content ## +# to be content "to be satisfied" or "to be happy" -## in all circumstances ## +# in all circumstances "no matter what my situation is" -## I know how to live ## +# I know what it is to be poor ... to have plenty -Alternate translation: "I know how to have the right attitude" +Paul knows how to live happily having either no possessions or many possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## in times of need ## - -"when I do not have all I need" - -## in times of abundance ## - -"when I have more than I need" - -## how both to have plenty and to be hungry, how both to abound and to need ## +# how to be well-fed or to be hungry, and how to have an abundance or to be in need These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize that he has learned how to be content in any situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## I can do all things through him who strengthens me. ## +# I can do all things through him who strengthens me -"I can do all things because Christ gives me strength." \ No newline at end of file +"I can do all things because Christ gives me strength" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/04/14.md b/php/04/14.md index b5b9b5fef7..6f4857a251 100644 --- a/php/04/14.md +++ b/php/04/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## in my difficulties ## +# in my difficulties -"when things became difficult" +Paul speaks of his hardships as if they were a place that he was in. AT: "when things became difficult" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## gospel mission ## +# the beginning of the gospel -This refers to when Paul would travel to different cities to tell people about Jesus. +Paul refers to the gospel here as meaning his preaching of the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## no church had supported me in the matter of giving and receiving except you only ## +# no church supported me in the matter of giving and receiving except you alone -"you were the only church that sent me money or helped me." +This can be stated in the positive. AT: "you were the only church that sent me money or helped me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## I do seek the fruit that increases to your account ## +# I seek the fruit that increases to your credit -Paul is comparing the church's gift to a person's wealth that increases more and more. Paul wants to see the Philippians to give gifts so they can receive spiritual blessings. Alternate translation: "I do want to see God give you more and more spiritual blessings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul is speaking of the Philippians' gift as if it were a person's bank account that increases more and more. In this case, it is God who acknowledges the good things done by the Philippian believers. Paul wants the Philippians to give gifts so they can receive spiritual blessings. AT: "I do want to see God give you more and more spiritual blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/04/18.md b/php/04/18.md index 1aa295c45d..fbeb400ff9 100644 --- a/php/04/18.md +++ b/php/04/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## I have all things in abundance. I am filled. ## +# I have received everything in full -"I have everything I need and more." +Possible meanings are 1) Paul has received everything that the Philippians sent or 2) Paul is using humor to continue the business metaphor from [Philippians 3:8](../03/08.md) and saying that this part of the letter is a receipt for commercial goods that Epaphroditus delivered. -## They are a sweet smelling aroma, an acceptable sacrifice that pleases God ## +# even more -Paul is comparing the gift from the Philippian church to the sacrifices in the Old Testament. The priests would burn the sacrifice and it had a pleasing smell to God. Paul is emphasizing that the church's gift is of great value to God. This could be translated as "I assure you these gifts are very pleasing to God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul means plenty of the things that he needs for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## will supply every need of yours ## +# They are a sweet-smelling aroma, a sacrifice acceptable and pleasing to God -"will provide everything you need" +Paul speaks of the gift from the Philippian church as if it were a sacrifice offered to God on an altar. Paul implies that the church's gift is very pleasing to God, like the sacrifices that the priests burned, which had a smell that pleased God. AT: "I assure you these gifts are very pleasing to God, like an acceptable sacrifice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## according to his riches in glory in Christ Jesus ## +# will meet all your needs -This could be translated as "from his glorious riches that he gives through Christ Jesus." +This is the same word translated "have been well-supplied" in verse 18. It is an idiom meaning "will provide everything you need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Now to our God ## +# according to his riches in glory in Christ Jesus -The word "now" marks the closing prayer and the end of this section of the letter. \ No newline at end of file +"from his glorious riches that he gives through Christ Jesus" + +# Now to our God + +The word "Now" marks the closing prayer and the end of this section of the letter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/04/21.md b/php/04/21.md index 079197676e..494b0eddf2 100644 --- a/php/04/21.md +++ b/php/04/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Greet every person belonging to Christ Jesus ## +# The brothers -"Greet every person there who belongs to Christ Jesus" +This refers to those people who were either ministering with or to Paul. -## The brothers ## +# brothers -These are those who were either ministering with Paul or ministering to Paul. Alternate translation "The fellow believers." +See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md). -## especially those of Caesar’s household ## +# every believer ... All the believers -These are servants who worked in Caesar's palace. This could be translated as "especially the fellow believers who work in the palace of Caesar" (UDB). +Some versions translate this as "every holy person ... All the holy people." -## with your spirit ## +# especially those of Caesar's household -Paul refers to the believers by using the word "spirit" which is what enables humans to relate to God. This can be translated as "with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to servants who worked in Caesar's palace. "especially the fellow believers who work in the palace of Caesar" + +# with your spirit + +Paul refers to the believers by using the word "spirit," which is what enables humans to relate to God. AT: "with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/04/intro.md b/php/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d99338e6fb --- /dev/null +++ b/php/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Philippians 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "My joy and my crown" ##### +Paul considered the Philippians' spiritually maturity an important achievement that he helped to achieve. He takes pride in discipling other Christians and encouraging spirtual growth as an important part of the Christian life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Euodia and Syntyche ##### +Apparently, there was a disagreement between these two women and Paul was encouraging unity and harmony between them. The exact details of their disagreement is insignificant (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Philippians 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/front/intro.md b/php/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..88ec5e63ef --- /dev/null +++ b/php/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +# Introduction to Philippians # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of the Philippians #### + +1. Greeting, thanksgiving and prayer (1:1-11) +1. Paul's report on his ministry (1:12-26) +1. Instructions + - To be steadfast (1:27-30) + - To be united (2:1-2) + - To be humble (2:3-11) + - To work out our salvation, and God working in you (2:12-13) + - To be innocent and light (2:14-18) +1. Timothy and Epaphroditus (2:19-30) +1. Warning about false teachers (3:1-4:1) +1. Personal instruction (4:2-5) +1. Rejoice and do not be anxious (4:4-6) +1. Final remarks + - Values (4:8-9) + - Contentment (4:10-20) + +#### What is the Book of Philippians about? #### + +The Book of Philippians is a letter that the Apostle Paul wrote to the Christians in the area of Philippi, a city in Macedonia. The Philippians had sent Epaphroditus, one of their beloved church members, to take a gift to Paul in Rome and to help him. Epaphroditus planned to stay in Rome with Paul, but he became very ill. The Philippians had written Paul to ask about Epaphroditus; the Book of Philippians may have been Paul's reply. + +This letter also gave Paul the opportunity to write the Philippian church about matters of importance. He sent the letter to them by means of Epaphroditus. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Philippians." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Letter to the Church in Philippi," or "A Letter to the Christians in Philippi." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +=== What was the city of Philippi like?=== + +Philippi was founded in the region of Macedonia by Philip, who was the father of Alexander the Great. The city was honored with special privileges of citizenship within the Roman Empire. This is why the idea of citizenship plays an important role in Paul's letter to the church there. He says that Christians have their "citizenship in heaven" (3:20). + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +##### Singular and plural "you" ##### +In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. Also, the word "you" is almost always plural and refers to the believers who may read this letter. The exception to this is 4:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +#### Who does Paul mean as the "enemies of the cross of Christ" (3:18) in this letter? #### + +It seems likely from 3:19 that these were probably people who taught that having freedom in Christ meant that one could live however they desire to as Christians without consequences. + +#### Why are the words "joy" and "rejoice" frequently used in this letter? #### + +Paul was in prison when he wrote this letter (See: 1:7). Despite his suffering, Paul repeated said that he was joyful because of the grace of God shown through Jesus. He wanted to encourage his readers to have the same trust in Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### + +This kind of expression occurs in 1:1, 8, 13, 14, 26, 27; 2:1, 5, 19, 24, 29; 3:1, 3, 9, 14; 4:1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 13, 19, 21. Paul means to express the idea of very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Philippians? #### + +The text of some English translations do not agree concerning what to include. This is because of the discovery of manuscripts that many believe are more accurate. The following are the most significant issues in the Book of Philippians: + +* Some versions have "Amen" at the end of the final verse in the letter (4:23). The ULB, and UDB, and other many modern versions do not. + +If "Amen" is translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is probably not original to the Book of Philippians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/01.md b/pro/01/01.md index 2fb7f65141..a500fc50f8 100644 --- a/pro/01/01.md +++ b/pro/01/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -33 are poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## teach words of insight ## +Verses 2-33 are poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) -"teach the true nature of things" +# to teach wisdom and instruction -## doing what is right, just, and fair ## +This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns "wisdom" and "instruction" can be stated as adjectives or verbs. AT: "to teach you how to be wise and to instruct you about how to live moral lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"doing what is correct, what God's law says to do, and what is thought to be good or acceptable" \ No newline at end of file +# to teach words of insight + +"to help you understand wise teachings" + +# that you may receive + +Here "you" refers to the readers. If it is more natural in your language you can state it as an inclusive "we." AT: "that we may receive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# may receive instruction in order to live + +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "instruction" is stated as a verb. AT: "may be instructed how to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/04.md b/pro/01/04.md index f48b009eb8..5d1e46007b 100644 --- a/pro/01/04.md +++ b/pro/01/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## those who have not been taught ## +# are also to give wisdom to the naive -"people who are lacking in experience or understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "wisdom" can be stated as the adjective "wise." This can also be stated in active form. AT: "also teach to those who are naive how to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## discretion ## +# naive -knowing how to speak and act without making people uncomfortable +"inexperienced, immature" -## Let the wise listen ## +# to give knowledge and discretion to young people -"People who are already wise should also pay attention" +The abstract nouns "knowledge" and "discretion" can be stated as verbs. AT: "and to teach to young people what they need to know and how to discern the right thing to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## let the discerning get guidance ## +# discretion -"people who have understanding should let these words guide them" +knowing what should be done in a particular situation -## riddles ## +# Let wise people listen and increase their learning + +"Let those who are wise pay attention and learn even more" + +# let discerning people get guidance + +"let people who have understanding learn from these proverbs how to make good decisions" + +# riddles sayings that one can understand only after thinking about them \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/07.md b/pro/01/07.md index c5bf74a7b8..fb99462aed 100644 --- a/pro/01/07.md +++ b/pro/01/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + A father teaches his child. -## despise ## +# The fear of Yahweh is the beginning of knowledge -"hate" (UDB) or "dislike very much" or “think of as unimportant” +The abstract nouns "fear," "beginning," and "knowledge" can be stated as verbs. AT: "You must first fear Yahweh in order to begin to know what is wise" or "You must first honor and respect Yahweh in order to learn what is wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## they will be ## +# Yahweh -the teachings of the father and mother will be +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -## wreath...pendants ## +# fools despise wisdom and instruction -These show that the person who wears them is worthy of honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"those who do not value what is wise and instructive are fools" -## wreath ## +# do not lay aside -a circle made of leaves or flowers \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that means "do not ignore" or "do not reject" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they will be a graceful wreath for your head and pendants hanging from your neck + +The rules and instructions that parents teach their children are so valuable and important that they are spoken of as if they were a beautiful wreath or pendant that a person wears. AT: "they will make you wise just as wearing a wreath on your head or a pendant around your neck makes you beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# wreath + +an woven circle made of leaves or flowers + +# pendants + +jewelry that is worn around the neck \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/10.md b/pro/01/10.md index a58acf69ec..d5c04c62c7 100644 --- a/pro/01/10.md +++ b/pro/01/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## entice ## +# try to entice you into their sin -attract +"try to persuade you to sin as they do" -## if they say ## +# refuse to follow them -What follows is what sinners might say. (See: UDB and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +"refuse them" or "do not listen to them" -## lie in wait ## +# If they say -"hide and wait for the right time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the speaker gives an example of what sinners may try to entice someone to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# lie in wait + +"hide and wait for the right time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/12.md b/pro/01/12.md index cf79356e46..c2d36b4e18 100644 --- a/pro/01/12.md +++ b/pro/01/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -14 ends the imagined statement of the sinners who are trying to get others to want to sin. +# General Information: -## Let us swallow them up alive ## +Verses 12-14 end the imagined statement of the sinners who are trying to entice others to sin. -Like an animal might swallow its food, the wicked expect to destroy their victims. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Let us swallow them up alive, like Sheol takes away those who are healthy -## like Sheol takes away those who are healthy ## +The sinners speak of murdering innocent people as if they were Sheol and they would take a living and healthy person down to the place where dead people go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -. The wicked expect to destroy their victims in the same way Sheol, the place of the dead, takes away even healthy people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# Let us swallow ... like Sheol takes away -## purse ## +This speaks of the grave as if it were a person that swallows humans and takes them down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -bag for carrying money \ No newline at end of file +# like Sheol takes away those who are healthy + +The wicked expect to destroy their victims in the same way Sheol, the place of the dead, takes away even healthy people. + +# make them like those who fall into the pit + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to travelers who fall into a deep hole where no one will ever find them or 2) here "pit" is another word that means Sheol or the place where dead people go. + +# Throw in your lot with us + +This is an idiom. AT: "Join us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# we will all have one purse together + +Here "purse" represents everything that they steal. AT: "we will equally share everything that we steal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# purse + +a bag for carrying money \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/15.md b/pro/01/15.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..71986690d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/01/15.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# do not walk down that road with them; do not let your foot touch where they walk + +To avoid behaving the same way as the sinners do is spoken of as if the son were to avoid walking on or even touching the roads that sinners walk on. AT: "do not go with the sinners or do what they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their feet run to evil + +The sinners having an eager interest in doing evil things is spoken of as if they were running to evil. AT: "they are eager to do wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their feet run + +Here "feet" represents the whole person. AT: "they run" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# to shed blood + +Here "blood" represents a person's life. To "shed blood" means to murder someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For it is useless to spread ... is watching + +This begins a comparison that ends in 1:18. It compares the wisdom of birds who avoid traps that they see to the foolishness of sinners who get caught in traps they make for themselves. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/18.md b/pro/01/18.md index 168af60315..de35d41e59 100644 --- a/pro/01/18.md +++ b/pro/01/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## These men ## +# These men lie in wait to kill themselves—they set a trap for themselves -the "sinners" of [Proverbs 1:10](./10.md) +This finishes the comparison started in [Proverbs 1:17](./15.md). The men destroying themselves by doing sinful things is spoken of as if they set a trap and kill themselves. AT: "But these men are more foolish than the birds. They kill themselves with their own traps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## lie in wait ## +# So are the ways of everyone -Translate as you did in [Proverbs 1:10](./10.md). +A person's fate or destiny is spoken of as if it were a road a person walks on. AT: "This is what happens to everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they set a trap for themselves ## +# unjust gain takes away the lives of those who hold on to it -"they make plans to ruin the innocent, but they end up being ruined themselves" \ No newline at end of file +A person destroying themselves by trying to gain wealth through violence, theft, and deceit is spoken of as if the unjust gains will kill those who take it. AT: "it is like the unjust gains will destroy those who hold on to it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/20.md b/pro/01/20.md index bba7f31e15..c9828fef50 100644 --- a/pro/01/20.md +++ b/pro/01/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Wisdom cries aloud ## +# General Information: -If your language does not allow you to treat wisdom as a woman shouting to the people in the city, you might try something like "Grandmother Wisdom" or "Honored Miss Wisdom" or "wisdom is like a woman" (see UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +In 1:20-1:33 Wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman speaking to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## raises her voice ## +# Wisdom cries aloud -"speaks with a loud voice" +If your language does not allow you to treat wisdom as a woman shouting to the people in the city, you might try something like "Grandmother Wisdom cries aloud" or "Honored Miss Wisdom cries aloud" or "Wisdom is like a woman who cries aloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## head of the noisy streets ## +# raises her voice -"place where busy streets meet" +This is an idiom. AT: "speaks with a loud voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## How long...will you...? ## +# in the open places -AT: "You have...too long!" or "You should no longer...!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means places where there would be a lot of people. AT: "in the markets" or "in the town squares" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# at the head of the noisy streets + +Possible meanings are 1) "head" refers to the place where busy streets intersect or 2) "head" refers to the top of a wall where people on noisy streets could see and hear wisdom speaking. + +# How long, you naive people, will you love being naive? + +Wisdom uses this question to rebuke those who are not wise. AT: "You who are naive must stop loving being naive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# naive + +"inexperienced, immature" + +# How long, you mockers, will you delight in mockery, and how long, you fools, will you hate knowledge? + +Wisdom uses this question to rebuke the mockers and the fools. AT: "You who mock must stop delighting in mockery, and you fools must stop hating knowledge." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/23.md b/pro/01/23.md index f0e0913961..a4e70b7c3b 100644 --- a/pro/01/23.md +++ b/pro/01/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -The wise woman wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# General Information: -## Pay attention ## +Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -"Listen carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# Pay attention -## I will pour out my thoughts to you ## +"Listen carefully" -The thoughts of wisdom are like liquid being poured out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# I will pour out my thoughts to you -## I reached out with my hand ## +Wisdom telling the people everything she thinks about them is spoken of as if her thoughts were a liquid that she would pour out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "I offered my help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I will make my words known to you + +"I will tell you what I think" + +# I reached out with my hand + +This phrase is an idiom that means to beckon someone or to invite a person to come. AT: "I invited you to come to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/26.md b/pro/01/26.md index 46c01c5a9a..98dfa4fc2c 100644 --- a/pro/01/26.md +++ b/pro/01/26.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -The wise woman wisdom continues to speak, describing what happens to those who refuse her offer of wisdom. +# General Information: -## calamity ## +Wisdom continues to speak, describing what happens to those who ignore her. -An event that causes great harm and suffering. +# I will laugh -## your fearful dread ## +This can be stated with the word "therefore" to show that the woman wisdom laughs at them because they ignored her. AT: "Therefore I will laugh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -"terror" +# at your calamity -## whirlwind ## +"when bad things happen to you" -a damaging wind that blows things in circles +# when the terror comes -## distress ## +The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "when you are terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"pain" +# when your fearful dread comes like a storm ... like a whirlwind ... come upon you -## anguish ## +Terrible things happening to the people is compared to a storm hitting them and causing fear and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -"extreme suffering" \ No newline at end of file +# whirlwind + +a very strong wind storm that causes damage \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/28.md b/pro/01/28.md index 9505997cc8..97854897f3 100644 --- a/pro/01/28.md +++ b/pro/01/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Then they will call upon me ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Then the sinners will cry out to me, wisdom, for help" +Wisdom continues speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## desperately ## +# Then they will call upon me -with much worry and little hope +"Then those who ignored me will cry out to me for help" -## Because they hate knowledge...they despised all my reproof ## +# Because they hate knowledge -Possible meanings: 1) This is why they will "eat the fruit of their ways" ([Proverbs 1:31](./31.md)) (see UDB) or 2) this is why wisdom "will not answer" (1:28) or 3) 1:29 gives the reason for 1:30. +The abstract noun "knowledge" can be stated as the verb "learn." AT: "Because they refused to learn to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## despised ## +# did not choose the fear of Yahweh -Translate as you did in [Proverbs 1:7](./07.md) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "fear" can be stated as a verb. AT: "did not fear Yahweh" or "did not honor and respect Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# would not follow my instruction + +"would not accept my instruction" or "rejected my advice" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/31.md b/pro/01/31.md index 4be7a5c2a8..fe699d6316 100644 --- a/pro/01/31.md +++ b/pro/01/31.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Verse 33 ends Wisdom's statement that began in [Proverbs 1:20](./20.md). +# General Information: -## eat the fruit of their ways ## +Verse 33 ends wisdom's statement that began in [Proverbs 1:22](./20.md). -"live with the results of what they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# eat the fruit of their ways -## with the fruit of their schemes they will be filled ## +Here a person's behavior is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Also, a person receiving the results of their behavior is spoken as if the person were eating the fruit of their behavior. AT: "experience the consequences of their actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"the results of their plans will be all they possess" +# with the fruit of their schemes they will be filled -## are killed when they turn away ## +"they will eat the fruit of their schemes until they are full." A person receiving the results of their own evil plans is spoken of as eating the fruit of their schemes. AT: "they will suffer the consequences of their own evil plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"die because they refuse to learn" +# naive -## indifference ## +"inexperienced, immature" -refusal to do what needs to be done \ No newline at end of file +# are killed when they turn away + +A person rejecting wisdom is spoken of as if the person physically turns away from wisdom. This can be stated in active form. AT: "die because they refuse to learn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the indifference of fools will destroy them + +The abstract noun "indifference" can be stated as a verb. AT: "fools will die because they do not care about what should be done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# indifference + +a lack of interest about something \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/01/intro.md b/pro/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d061b793bb --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Proverbs 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The first chapter of proverbs begins with a type of introduction in verses 1-7. It mentions Solomon, son of David. Verse 7 contains a foundational verse for the whole book. It defines wisdom. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Parallelism ##### + +Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Proverbs intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/01.md b/pro/02/01.md index e16fcf25a2..1063ded1b8 100644 --- a/pro/02/01.md +++ b/pro/02/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + A father teaches his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## receive ## +# if you receive my words -"accept" or "welcome" +"if you listen to what I am teaching you" -## treasure up my commandments with you ## +# if you receive -"have the same zeal to learn my commandments that you have to gain treasures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This begins a series of conditional statements that concludes in 2:5. If it is more natural for your language, you can translate these conditional statements as commands as in the UDB. -## incline your heart to understanding ## +# treasure up my commandments with you -"strongly desire to gain understanding" \ No newline at end of file +Valuing what is commanded is spoken of as if the commandments were a treasure and the person were a safe place to store the treasure. AT: "consider my commands to be as valuable as a treasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# make your ears pay attention to wisdom and incline your heart to understanding + +If you translated 2:1 as a command, you can translate 2:2 as a command, as in the UDB. Or, if you translated 2:1 as a conditional statement, you could translate 2:2 as a conditional statement also. AT: "if you make your ears pay attention to wisdom and incline your heart to understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# make your ears pay attention + +This is an idiom. AT: "force yourself to listen carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# to wisdom + +This abstract noun can be stated as an adjective. AT: "to the wise things I am teaching you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# incline your heart to understanding + +Here "heart" represents a person's mind. The phrase "incline your heart" is an idiom that means to commit or fully dedicate one's mind to a task. AT: "try hard to understand what is wise" or "fully dedicate yourself to understanding wise teachings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/03.md b/pro/02/03.md index 24300156fa..111df1b3d1 100644 --- a/pro/02/03.md +++ b/pro/02/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## If you cry out for understanding and raise your voice for it ## +# If you cry out for understanding and raise your voice for it -Both parts of the verse mean “If you urgently ask God for understanding.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Both of these statements have the same meaning. It is implied that the person is strongly asking Yahweh for understanding. AT: "If you urgently ask God and plead for understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## if you seek it like you would seek silver and search for understanding as you would seek hidden treasures ## +# If you cry ... if you seek -Both parts of the verse mean “if you seek understanding with as much effort as you search for a valuable object” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This continues the series of conditional statements started in [Proverbs 2:1](./01.md). If you translated the statements in 1:1-2 as commands, you should translate these as commands also as in the UDB. + +# raise your voice + +This is an idiom that means to speak loudly or to shout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# if you seek it like you would seek silver and search for understanding as you would seek hidden treasures + +Both statements have the same meaning. These similes emphasize the great effort a person should make to understand what is wise. AT: "if you seek understanding with as much effort as you search for a valuable object" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you seek it ... search for understanding + +Trying very hard to understand what is wise is spoken of as if understanding were an object for which a person must search. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will find the knowledge of God + +To succeed in knowing God is spoken of as if the knowledge of God were an object that a person finds after searching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/06.md b/pro/02/06.md index f0620f06a2..1f92c746d7 100644 --- a/pro/02/06.md +++ b/pro/02/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## from his mouth comes knowledge and understanding ## +# from his mouth comes knowledge and understanding -"God's words give us knowledge and understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here "mouth" represents Yahweh himself or what he says. AT: "from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding" or "Yahweh tells us what we need to know and understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## sound ## +# He stores up sound wisdom for those who please him + +Yahweh teaching wisdom to people is spoken of as if wisdom were an item that Yahweh stores and gives to people. AT: "He teaches what is truly wise to those who please him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sound "dependable" -## he is a shield for those ## +# he is a shield for those -"God protects those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh being able to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. AT: "God protects those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he guards the paths of justice ## +# who walk in integrity -Possible meanings: 1) "God makes sure that people act justly" (see UDB) or 2) "God protects those who act justly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +A person behaving with integrity is spoken of as if they were walking in integrity. AT: "who behave with integrity" or "who live their lives as they should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## preserve the way of ## +# he guards the paths of justice -"protect" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. AT: "God makes sure that people act justly" or 2) a person's life is spoken of as if it were a path. AT: "God protects those who act justly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# preserve the way of those + +A person's life is spoken of as if it were a way or road. AT: "protect those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/09.md b/pro/02/09.md index cc5725e94a..d9dac5acd1 100644 --- a/pro/02/09.md +++ b/pro/02/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## equity ## +# equity "fairness" -## every good path ## +# every good path -"ways to live that are pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +A behavior that is wise and pleases Yahweh is spoken of as if it were a good path. AT: "ways to live that are pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## wisdom will come into your heart ## +# wisdom will come into your heart -"you will gain much wisdom" or "you will learn how to be truly wise" +Here "heart" represents a person's inner being. A person becoming wise is spoken of as if wisdom would enter into a person's heart. AT: "you will gain much wisdom" or "you will learn how to be truly wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## pleasant ## +# pleasant to your soul -"pleasing" or "enjoyable" \ No newline at end of file +Here "soul" represents the whole person. AT: "pleasing to you" or "enjoyable to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/11.md b/pro/02/11.md index 3187bd3718..8cdbffae69 100644 --- a/pro/02/11.md +++ b/pro/02/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Discretion will watch over you, understanding will guard you ## +# Discretion will watch over you, understanding will guard you -AT: "Because you know what is right and wrong you will not be making mistakes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This speaks of "discretion" and "understanding" as if they were persons who could watch over someone else. Both statements mean basically the same thing. AT: "Because you think carefully and understand what is right and wrong you will be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Discretion ## +# Discretion -being careful in actions and speech +the quality of being careful in actions and speech -## They will rescue you ## +# watch over -AT: "Discretion and understanding will rescue you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +to guard, protect or take care of someone or something -## from the way of evil, from those who speak perverse things ## +# They will rescue you from the way of evil -These two phrases refer to two different aspects of evil to describe the full range of evil. AT: "from doing evil and talking in an evil way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"They" refers to discretion and understanding, which are spoken of as if they were persons who could rescue someone else. AT: "You will know to stay away from what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## they abandon ## +# from the way of evil -The word "they" refers to the people who speak perverse things. +Evil behaviors are spoken of as if evil were a way or path on which a person walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## abandon ## +# who abandon the right paths and walk in the ways of darkness -leave and never return to someone or something \ No newline at end of file +A person no longer doing what is right but deciding to do what is evil is spoken of as if the person stops walking on the correct path and chooses to walk down a dark path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who abandon + +The word "who" refers to the people who speak perverse things. + +# abandon + +to leave and never return to someone or something \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/14.md b/pro/02/14.md index a38fe10437..66bd10c5e2 100644 --- a/pro/02/14.md +++ b/pro/02/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## They rejoice ## +# They rejoice -the evil people ([Proverbs 2:11](./11.md)) rejoice +"They" refers to the same people as in [Proverbs 2:12](./11.md). -## crooked ## +# delight in the perversities of evil -"bent" or "not straight" \ No newline at end of file +This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. AT: "delight in doing what they know is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# They follow crooked paths + +People who lie to others are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. AT: "They deceive other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# using deception they hide their tracks + +People lying so that others will not find out what they did is spoken of as if they covered the tracks on a path so that no one could follow them. AT: "they lie so that no one will know what they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/16.md b/pro/02/16.md index b5f7ec6fc3..2f62898273 100644 --- a/pro/02/16.md +++ b/pro/02/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The father continues to teach his child how wisdom will protect him. -## immoral ## +# Wisdom and discretion will save you -violating God's rules of behavior +The writer speaks of wisdom and discretion as if they were people who save the one who possesses them. AT: "If you have wisdom and discretion, you will save yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## entice ## +# the companion of her youth -lead on by increasing hope or desire +This refers to her husband, whom she married when she was young. -## and her flattering words ## +# the covenant of her God -"when she gives you praise she does not believe" \ No newline at end of file +This likely refers to the marriage covenant that she made with her husband in the presence of God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/18.md b/pro/02/18.md index 3312db9e44..b66b46b1b1 100644 --- a/pro/02/18.md +++ b/pro/02/18.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## her house bows down to death ## +# her house leads down to death -Possible meanings: 1) "those who worship in her house die young" (see UDB) or 2) "those who go to where she is die young" or 3) "the road to her house is the road to death." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "going to her house leads to death" or 2) "the road to her house is the road to death." -## her tracks ## +# her tracks will lead you -"her way of life" or "the paths to her house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "the paths to her house will lead you." This refers to the tracks or path that lead to her house, or 2) this is a metaphor that speaks of her way of life as if it were a path on which she walks. AT: "her way of life will lead you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## those in the grave ## +# to those in the grave -"the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the spirits of dead people and is a metonym for the place of the dead. AT: "to the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## go in to her ## +# go in to her -go into her house to have sexual relations with her, as one would with a prostitute (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This means to go into her house to sleep with her, as one would with a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## will not return again ## +# they will not find the paths of life -"will never again be part of society" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "they will not return to the land of the living" or 2) "they will never live a happy life again." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/20.md b/pro/02/20.md index 3f41bb3538..41453f3945 100644 --- a/pro/02/20.md +++ b/pro/02/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## So ## +# So -because of being watched over and guarded by discretion and understanding ([Proverbs 2:11](./11.md)) and so having been rescued from evil ways ([Proverbs 2:16](./16.md)) and kept from the adulterous woman ([Proverbs 2:20](./20.md)) +The writer tells the result of getting understanding and discretion. -## the faithless ## +# you will walk in the way ... follow the paths -"people who do not keep promises" \ No newline at end of file +A person's conduct is spoken of as if it were walking on a path. AT: "you will live in the way ... follow the example" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wicked will be cut off from the land + +The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will remove the wicked from the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the wicked ... the faithless + +These are nominal adjectives that can be stated as adjectives. AT: "those who are wicked ... those who are faithless" or "wicked people ... faithless people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the faithless will be cut off from it + +The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he will remove the faithless from it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/intro.md b/pro/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b3a3feff7f --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Proverbs 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 2 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### My Son ##### +Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/01.md b/pro/03/01.md index 0547d006ad..d12335cee5 100644 --- a/pro/03/01.md +++ b/pro/03/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -The writer uses again the form of a father teaching his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## do not forget my commands ## +The writer speaks as a father teaching his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -remember my commands (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +# do not forget my commands -## length of days and years of life, and peace they will add to you ## +The word "commands" can be translated as a verb. AT: "do not forget what I command you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -AT: "they will give you a long, peaceful life." \ No newline at end of file +# keep my teachings in your heart + +This phrase says in positive terms what the previous phrase says in negative terms. Here the word "heart" represents the mind. The word "teachings" can be translated as a verb. AT: "always remember what I teach you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# length of days and years of life + +These two phrases share similar meanings and refer to living a long life. AT: "a long life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/03.md b/pro/03/03.md index 4787e4ba81..3c4304dc42 100644 --- a/pro/03/03.md +++ b/pro/03/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Do not let covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness ever leave you ## +# Do not let covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness ever leave you -"Always be faithful and trustworthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +The writer speaks of "covenant faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" as if they were people who could leave someone. The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be stated as "faithful" and "trustworthy." And, the negative command can be stated positively. AT: "Always be trustworthy and be faithful to the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## write them on the tablet of your heart ## +# tie them together about your neck -"make them part of your inner being so you do not forget them as if they were words written on stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. AT: "display them proudly like one would wear a necklace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you will find favor...in the sight of God ## +# write them on the tablet of your heart -"God will show you how happy he is with you" (see UDB) +Here the heart represents a person's mind. The mind is spoken of as if it were a tablet upon which someone can write messages and commands. AT: "always remember them, as if you had written them permanently on a tablet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you will find...a good reputation...in the sight of...man ## +# in the sight of God and man -"people...will think that you are a good person" \ No newline at end of file +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in the judgment of God and man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/05.md b/pro/03/05.md index a7f26a6fb7..c30be6748c 100644 --- a/pro/03/05.md +++ b/pro/03/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## all your heart ## +# all your heart -AT: "your whole being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "heart" represents the inner person. AT: "your whole being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## lean on ## +# do not lean on your own understanding -"depend on" +The writer speaks of relying on one's own understanding as if "understanding" were an object on which a person can lean. AT: "do not rely on your own understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## acknowledge him ## +# in all your ways -"recognize his authority" +The writer speaks of a person's actions as if they were paths on which the person walks. AT: "in everything you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he will make your paths straight ## +# he will make your paths straight -AT: "he will direct your life in the best way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of Yahweh making a person's actions prosperous as if that person's actions were paths on which he walks and which Yahweh makes free of obstacles. AT: "he will give you success" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/07.md b/pro/03/07.md index 04da2612ad..178d5b5de0 100644 --- a/pro/03/07.md +++ b/pro/03/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Do not be wise in your own eyes ## +# Do not be wise in your own eyes -"Do not have too high an opinion of your own wisdom" or "Do not think of yourself as wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of a person's opinion as if that person were seeing something with his eyes. AT: "Do not be wise in your own opinion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# turn away from evil + +The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if it were turning away from evil. AT: "do not commit evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It will be healing to your flesh + +The word "it" refers to the instructions that the writer gives in the previous verse. The full meaning of this can be made clear. The word "flesh" represents the whole body. AT: "If you do this, it will be healing for your body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/09.md b/pro/03/09.md index 2f5a8ebbd3..fdbdcfc123 100644 --- a/pro/03/09.md +++ b/pro/03/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## produce ## +# produce "harvest" -## storehouses ## +# your storehouses will be filled up -houses where food is stored +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your storehouses will be full" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## bursting ## +# storehouses -extremely full, as if ready to break open. \ No newline at end of file +buildings or rooms where food is stored + +# your vats will be bursting + +your storage containers will be extremely full, as if ready to break open. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/11.md b/pro/03/11.md index 9acede3232..58593f2222 100644 --- a/pro/03/11.md +++ b/pro/03/11.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -The writer writes as a father teaching his child. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The writer writes as a father teaching his son. + +# a son who pleases him + +"a son in whom he delights." This refers to the father's affection for the son, and not to the father's approval of the son's behavior. AT: "a son whom he loves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/13.md b/pro/03/13.md index 959cc4a361..72e9153b6a 100644 --- a/pro/03/13.md +++ b/pro/03/13.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -Silver and gold are both referring to money. \ No newline at end of file +# The one who finds wisdom + +The writer speaks of "wisdom" as if it were an object that one finds. AT: "The one who attains wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# what silver will give in return + +This refers to the profit that one can make from trading or investing silver. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/15.md b/pro/03/15.md index 8a3ff02f3d..27e7f5b47d 100644 --- a/pro/03/15.md +++ b/pro/03/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -The author describes wisdom as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# General Information: -## precious ## +The author speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -"very valuable" or "costly" +# precious -## nothing you desire can compare to her ## +"valuable" or "costly" -"wisdom is better than anything else you desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +# She has length of days in her right hand; in her left hand are riches and honor -## her right hand...her left hand ## +The writer speak of the benefits that one gains from having wisdom as if wisdom were a woman who held these qualities in her hands and offered them to people. AT: "Wisdom gives a person length of days and riches and honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"one hand...her other hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# length of days + +This idiom refers to a long life. AT: "long life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/17.md b/pro/03/17.md index 32d6c817e3..46f57a5c98 100644 --- a/pro/03/17.md +++ b/pro/03/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -The writer continues to picture wisdom as a woman. +# Her ways are ways of kindness and all her paths are peace -## She is a tree of life to those who take hold of it ## +The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of the benefits that wisdom gives a person as if wisdom were leading that person along a path. AT: "Wisdom will always treat you kindly and give you peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"Wisdom gives life to those who have it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# She is a tree of life to those who take hold of it -## tree of life ## +The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a tree that bears life-giving fruit and of a person who benefits from wisdom as if that person ate of the fruit. AT: "Wisdom is like a tree that sustains the life of those who eat of its fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"tree that gives life" as trees give fruit \ No newline at end of file +# a tree of life + +"a tree that gives life" or "a tree whose fruit sustains life" + +# those who hold on to it + +"those who hold on to its fruit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/19.md b/pro/03/19.md index 2eb873df7a..f1a484648c 100644 --- a/pro/03/19.md +++ b/pro/03/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## founded the earth ## +# Yahweh founded the earth ... established the heavens -"created the world" +The writer speaks of Yahweh creating the earth and the heavens as if he were laying the foundation of a building. AT: "Yahweh created the earth ... made the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## dew ## +# the depths broke open + +In ancient thought, water existed under the earth. This phrase refers to Yahweh causing that water to come out of the earth and make the oceans and rivers exist. AT: "he caused the rivers to flow" or "he caused the oceans to exist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# dew water that forms on the ground at night \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/21.md b/pro/03/21.md index 763f35e3d6..a695808216 100644 --- a/pro/03/21.md +++ b/pro/03/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## do not lose sight of them ## +# do not lose sight of them -"do not forget them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The writer speaks of not forgetting something as if it were always being able to see it. AT: "do not forget them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## adornment of favor ## +# They will be life to your soul -a necklace that shows that God is pleased with the wearer \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "soul" represents the person. AT: "They will be life for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# an adornment of favor to wear around your neck + +The writer speaks of "sound judgment" and "discernment" as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. AT: "a display of favor like one would adorn themselves with a necklace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# adornment of favor + +Possible meanings are 1) "a favorable adornment" or 2) "an adornment that displays Yahweh's favor." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/23.md b/pro/03/23.md index f55f0f3c60..d3572ca3df 100644 --- a/pro/03/23.md +++ b/pro/03/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## your foot will not stumble ## +# you will walk on your way in safety -AT: "you will not do things that are wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of living one's life as if the person were walking along a path. AT: "you will live your life in safety" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your sleep will be sweet ## +# your foot will not stumble -"your sleep will be pleasant" or "you will sleep peacefully" \ No newline at end of file +The word "foot" represents the whole person. The writer speaks of doing wrong as if a person stumbled over an object in his path. AT: "you will not do things that are wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# when you lie down + +It is implied that a person lies down in order to sleep. The meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "when you lie down to sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your sleep will be sweet + +The writer speaks of sleep that is peaceful and refreshing as if it tasted sweet to the person sleeping. The word "sleep" can be translated as a verb. AT: "your sleep will be pleasant" or "you will sleep peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/25.md b/pro/03/25.md index 2d0db4459a..1ab19c03a6 100644 --- a/pro/03/25.md +++ b/pro/03/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## will be on your side ## +# devastation caused by the wicked, when it comes -"will act to support and defend you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the wicked cause devastation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## keep your foot from being caught in a trap ## +# Yahweh will be on your side -"protect you from those who want to harm you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Yahweh will be by your side." A person standing by another person's side is an idiom that means that the one person will help and support the other. AT: "Yahweh will support and defend you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will keep your foot from being caught in a trap + +The writer speaks of a person experiencing harm from "terror" and "devastation" as if the person were caught in a trap. The word "foot" represents the whole person. AT: "will protect you from those who want to harm you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/27.md b/pro/03/27.md index 5cddfbad39..51e311e815 100644 --- a/pro/03/27.md +++ b/pro/03/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Do not withhold good from ## +# Do not withhold good -"Do good to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +"Do not withhold good things" or "Do not withhold good actions" -## withhold ## +# when it is in your power to act -"hold back" +"when you are able to help" -## those who deserve it ## +# when you have the money with you -"those to whom you should give it" \ No newline at end of file +"when you have the money with you now." The meaning here is that the person has the money to help today, but tells his neighbor to come back tomorrow. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/31.md b/pro/03/31.md index 4a21421f0e..feae1af756 100644 --- a/pro/03/31.md +++ b/pro/03/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## devious ## +# Do not ... choose any of his ways -going away from the proper way; lying +It is implied that he is not to choose to imitate the actions of the violent person. AT: "Do not ... choose to imitate any of his ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## detestable ## +# the devious person is detestable to Yahweh -a person who should be hated +"Yahweh detests the devious person" -## he brings the upright into his confidence ## +# the devious person -Yahweh shares his thoughts with the those who do right as with a close, trusted friend. +the person who is dishonest or deceitful -## the upright ## +# he brings the upright person into his confidence -"the righteous" or "the honest" or "the just" This word should be understood as a plural. AT: "the upright people" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh shares his thoughts with the those who do right as with a close, trusted friend. AT: "Yahweh is a close friend to the upright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/33.md b/pro/03/33.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..24ac8fc05f --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/03/33.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# The curse of Yahweh is on the house of the wicked person + +The writer speaks of Yahweh's curse as if it were an object that he placed on top of the wicked person's house. The word "house" is a metonym for family. AT: "Yahweh has cursed the family of the wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he blesses the home of righteous people + +The word "home" represents the family. AT: "he blesses the families of righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he gives his favor to humble people + +The writer speaks of Yahweh's favor as if it were an object that he gives to people. AT: "he shows his favor to humble people" or "he is gracious to humble people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/35.md b/pro/03/35.md index 469802c5ef..8504d0f819 100644 --- a/pro/03/35.md +++ b/pro/03/35.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## fools will be lifted up in their shame ## +# Wise people inherit honor -God will put fools where everyone can see how shameful they are (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of wise people obtaining a reputation of honor as if they inherited honor as a permanent possession. AT: "Wise people will obtain honor" or "Wise people will gain an honorable reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fools will be lifted up in their shame + +The writer speaks of Yahweh making the shame of fools evident to everyone as if Yahweh were lifting fools up for everyone to see them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will cause everyone to see the shame of fools" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/03/intro.md b/pro/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a2e64e91b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Proverbs 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 3 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### My Son ##### +Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son. + +##### Wisdom is feminine ##### + +You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/01.md b/pro/04/01.md index 3f64cfa313..3902d80a9c 100644 --- a/pro/04/01.md +++ b/pro/04/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## pay attention ## +# General Information: -"listen carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The writer speaks as a father teaching his children. -## know what understanding is ## +# pay attention -"understand what is wise" +"listen carefully" -## I am giving you good instructions ## +# you will know what understanding is + +"you will know how to understand" or "you will gain understanding" + +# I am giving you good instructions "What I am teaching you is good" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/03.md b/pro/04/03.md index 4cc8b9744c..3327914492 100644 --- a/pro/04/03.md +++ b/pro/04/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## tender ## +# When I was a son of my father -weak, loving, easily damaged +This refers to the time when the writer was a child still living under his father's care. AT: "When I was still a boy learning from my father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Let your heart hold fast to my words ## +# the tender and only child -"Keep my teaching deep inside you" +Here the word "tender" refers to a young age at which the child is still weak. It forms a hendiadys with the word "only." AT: "the tender only child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) -## hold fast ## +# Let your heart hold fast to my words -"hold tightly" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "heart" represents the person's mind. The writer speaks of remembering words as if the heart were holding on tightly to them. AT: "Always remember what I am teaching you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/05.md b/pro/04/05.md index 4bfeb9e4e8..e7e60e5034 100644 --- a/pro/04/05.md +++ b/pro/04/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -The father continues teaching his children. +# General Information: -## acquire ## +The father continues to teach his children what his father taught him. -"work hard to gain for yourself" or "get" +# Acquire wisdom -## do not forget ## +"Work hard to gain for yourself wisdom" or "Get wisdom" -"remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +# do not forget -## do not reject ## +"remember" + +# do not reject "accept" -## do not abandon wisdom ## +# the words of my mouth -"hold tightly to wisdom" or "work hard to become wise +Here the word "mouth" represents the person who speaks. AT: "what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## she will watch...love her...she will keep ## +# do not abandon wisdom and she will watch over you; love her and she will keep you safe -Being wise is having a mother or loving woman to guard and protect you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman who protects the person who is faithful to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not abandon wisdom + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "hold tightly to wisdom" or "be faithful to wisdom" + +# love her + +"love wisdom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/07.md b/pro/04/07.md index c747ec42ff..1fb730b917 100644 --- a/pro/04/07.md +++ b/pro/04/07.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ -Verse 9 concludes the quote that started in verse 4. +# General Information: -## acquire ## +The father finishes teaching his children what his father taught him. -Translate as in [Proverbs 4:5](./05.md). - -## spend all you own so you can get understanding ## +# spend all you own so you can get understanding "value understanding more than all you own" -## cherish ## +# Cherish wisdom and she will exalt you + +The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of wisdom giving great honor to a person as if wisdom lifted that person to a high position. AT: "If you cherish wisdom, she will give you great honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Cherish to feel or show great love for someone or something -## she...she...She...she ## +# she will honor you when you embrace her -Translate the idea of wisdom as a mother or loving woman the way you did in [Proverbs 4:5](./05.md). +The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of a person valuing wisdom as if the person placed his arms around her. AT: "if you love wisdom greatly, wisdom will cause people to honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## she will honor you when you embrace her ## +# She will put a wreath of honor on your head -AT: "people will honor you when you enjoy working hard to become wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a wreath upon that person's head. AT: "Wisdom will be like a wreath on your head that shows your great honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## embrace ## +# wreath -to put one's arms around another person as a way of expressing love or friendship +a woven circle made of leaves or flowers -## wreath ## +# she will give you a beautiful crown -a circular arrangement of leaves or flowers used to honor a person" - -## She will put a wreath of honor on your head ## - -AT: "People will honor you greatly for your wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a crown upon that person's head. AT: "wisdom will be like a beautiful crown on your head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/10.md b/pro/04/10.md index a66092d3bf..6702a55e56 100644 --- a/pro/04/10.md +++ b/pro/04/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## pay attention to my words ## +# pay attention to my words -"listen to what I teach you" +"listen carefully to what I teach you" -## direct ## +# you will have many years in your life -to guide, or to show the way. +"you will live many years" -## I lead you down straight paths ## +# I direct you in the way of wisdom; I lead you down straight paths -AT: "I have taught you to think and do the right thing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of teaching his son to live wisely as if he were leading his son along the paths where one may find wisdom. AT: "I am teaching you how to live wisely; I am explaining the right way to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## When you walk, no one will stand in your way and if you run, you will not stumble ## +# When you walk, no one will stand in your way and if you run, you will not stumble -AT: "When you plan something you will succeed in doing it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two lines share similar meanings. The writer speaks of the decisions and actions that a person makes as if that person were walking or running along a path and of the person being successful as if the path were free of obstacles that might make the person stumble. AT: "When you plan something, you will succeed in doing it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/13.md b/pro/04/13.md index 7c6d1b96c4..6913083c13 100644 --- a/pro/04/13.md +++ b/pro/04/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Hold on to discipline, do not let it go ## +# Hold on to instruction, do not let it go -AT: Continue to obey what you have been taught." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of a person remembering what he has learned as if "instruction" were an object that the person can hold tightly. AT: "Continue to obey what I have taught you and never forget it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for it is your life ## +# for it is your life -This phrase emphasizes the importance of discipline by equating it to a person's life. +The writer speaks of discipline preserving a person's life as if it were that person's life. AT: "for it will preserve your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Avoid it, do not go on it; turn away from it and go another way ## +# Do not follow the path of the wicked and do not go along the way of those who do evil -AT: "Be careful not to do evil. Instead do good." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of a person's actions as if that person were walking along a path. AT: "Do not do what wicked people do and do not join in the actions of people who do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Avoid it + +"Avoid the path of the wicked" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/16.md b/pro/04/16.md index 17191a14a5..afeb99f1a9 100644 --- a/pro/04/16.md +++ b/pro/04/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## they cannot sleep until they do evil, and they are robbed of sleep until they cause someone to stumble ## +# they cannot sleep until they do evil -Both parts of the verse mean "the wicked are compelled by something inside them to do evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## they eat the bread of wickedness ## +# they are robbed of sleep -the wicked live by wickedness (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of people being unable to sleep as if sleep were an object that someone stole from them. They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. AT: "they are unable to sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until they cause someone to stumble + +The writer speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to stumble. AT: "until they harm someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of these people constantly committing wickedness and violence as if they ate and drank them like one would drink bread and wine. AT: "wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink" or 2) these people get their food and drink by committing wickedness and violence. AT: "they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and drink wine that they obtain through violence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/18.md b/pro/04/18.md index 5d431c2d93..c5760adc18 100644 --- a/pro/04/18.md +++ b/pro/04/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## the path of the one who does right is like the first light that grows brighter ## +# the path of righteous people ... The way of the wicked -"the path of the one who does right has light shining on it that grows brighter and brighter, like at sunrise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of righteous people and wicked people as if they were a "path" or "way" upon which they walk. AT: "the lifestyle of righteous people ... The lifestyle of the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the path of righteous people is like the first light that grows brighter + +The writer compares the path of righteous people to the sunrise, meaning that they are safe because they have light to see where they are walking. AT: "righteous people walk along their path safely because the morning sun shines on it and grows brighter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the first light + +This refers to the dawn or sunrise. + +# until the fullness of the day comes + +This refers to the time of day at which the sun shines the brightest. AT: "until the sun shines most brightly" or "until full daylight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The way of the wicked is like darkness + +The writer compares the way of wicked people to darkness, meaning that they are always in danger because they have no light to see where they are walking. AT: "Wicked people walk dangerously along their path because they have no light to be able to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they do not know what it is they stumble over + +The writer speaks of experiencing harm as if it were stumbling over an object in the path along which the person walks. AT: "they do not know why they experience harm and misfortune" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/20.md b/pro/04/20.md index ea4c8898f2..1f53bb341d 100644 --- a/pro/04/20.md +++ b/pro/04/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## pay attention ## +# pay attention -"listen carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"listen carefully" -## Do not let them turn away from your eyes ## +# incline your ear to my sayings -"Keep my words in mind so you do not forget them" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "ear" represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. The word "sayings" can be translated as a verb. AT: "listen attentively to the things that I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Do not let them turn away from your eyes + +The writer speaks of always thinking about something as if it were keeping it where one can see it. AT: "Do not stop thinking about them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# keep them in your heart + +The writer speaks of remembering something as if it were keeping it within one's heart. AT: "always remember them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/22.md b/pro/04/22.md index fe6acfe06d..d1f03f2337 100644 --- a/pro/04/22.md +++ b/pro/04/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## my words are life ## +# my words are life -"my words give life" +The writer speaks of his words preserving a person's life as if they were that person's life. AT: "my words give life" or "the things I say give life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## diligence ## +# to those who find them -constant and earnest effort; attention; care +The writer speaks of fully understanding his words as if the person searches for them and finds them. AT: "to those who understand and practice them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Keep your heart safe and guard it with all diligence ## +# health to their whole body -At: "The most important thing you can do is to think good thoughts.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "their" refers to "those who find them." The subject for this phrase can be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "my words will give health to the whole body of those who find them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## from it flow the springs of life ## +# Keep your heart safe and guard it -AT: "from your heart come all the things you say and do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "heart" represents a person's mind and thoughts. AT: "Keep your mind safe and guard your thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with all diligence + +with constant and earnest effort + +# from it flow the springs of life + +The word "it" refers to the heart, which is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person's life as if it were a flowing spring that originates from the heart. AT: "from your thoughts comes everything you say and do" or "your thoughts determine your course of life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/24.md b/pro/04/24.md index 2e3ea3de26..fef79495b2 100644 --- a/pro/04/24.md +++ b/pro/04/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## crooked ## +# Put crooked speech away from you and put corrupt talk far from you -not straight; deformed; dishonest; deceitful +The writer speaks of lying or deceitful speech as if it were crooked and of a person not using this kind of language as if it were removing it far away from oneself. AT: "Do not lie and do not speak deceitfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Put crooked speech away from you ## +# Let your eyes look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you -AT: "Never tell lies" - -## and put corrupt talk far from you ## - -AT: "don't ever say things that are not true" - -## Let your eyes look straight ahead ## - -AT: "keep remembering your goal" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## and fix your gaze straight before you ## - -AT: 'and plan to keep doing the right things" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "eyes" represents the person who is looking. The writer speaks of a person being committed to doing the right thing as if that person were constantly looking forward without turning his head to look in another direction. AT: "Always look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/26.md b/pro/04/26.md index bd91ac7e4b..185199f2e2 100644 --- a/pro/04/26.md +++ b/pro/04/26.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## Make a level path for your foot ## +# Make a level path for your foot -AT: "Make a level path to walk on" or "Prepare well what you want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the word "foot" represents the person who is walking. The writer speaks of a person's actions as if he were walking along a path, and of planning those actions carefully as if it were making that path level. AT: "Make a level path to walk on" or "Prepare well what you want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## level ## +# a level path -"smooth" or "even" AT: "easy to walk upon" +"a smooth path" or "an even path" -## a level path ... your ways ## +# then all your ways will be secure -A path or way refers to the manner in which you live. +The writer speaks of a person's actions as if the person were walking along a path and of those actions being successful as if the path were safe and secure. AT: "then everything that you do will be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## secure ## +# Do not turn aside to the right or to the left -"safe" +The directions "right" and "left" form a merism, meaning that the person is not to leave the level path in any direction. AT: "Walk straight ahead and do not leave the level path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## Do not turn aside to the right or to the left ## +# turn your foot away from evil -"Do not turn and go off the path" - -## turn your foot away from evil ## - -AT: "Turn away from evil" or "keep away from evil" - -## your foot ## - -"yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "foot" represents the person who walks. The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if the person were walking away from evil. AT: "turn away from evil" or "stay away from evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/04/intro.md b/pro/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7123b36295 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Proverbs 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 4 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### My Son ##### +Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son. + +##### Wisdom is feminine ##### + +You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/01.md b/pro/05/01.md index 09532fcf51..84b48311aa 100644 --- a/pro/05/01.md +++ b/pro/05/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## My son ... my wisdom ... my understanding ## +# General Information: -That is the son, wisdom, and understanding of the wise person who started teaching in chapter 1. +The writer speaks as a father teaching his children. -## pay attention to my wisdom; listen carefully to my understanding ## +# incline your ears -These two phrases express the same idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here the word "ears" represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ears are closer to the one speaking. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). AT: "listen attentively" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## discretion ## +# discretion -the quality of being careful with regard to one's actions and speech. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md). +Discretion is the quality of being careful with regard to one's actions and speech. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md). -## your lips ## +# your lips may protect knowledge -AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## may protect knowledge ## - -AT: "will say the right thing" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "lips" represents the person who speaks. The writer speaks of a person being careful only to say what is true as if the person's lips were protecting knowledge. AT: "you will speak only what is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/03.md b/pro/05/03.md index c5ef07553f..e1d3984170 100644 --- a/pro/05/03.md +++ b/pro/05/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## lips of an adulteress drop with honey ... her mouth is smoother than oil ## +# the lips of an adulteress drip with honey -These two phrases repeat the same idea to emphasize the danger. Possible meanings are 1) she will say what you want to hear 2) kissing her feels good in the beginning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the word "lips" represents the words of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the attractiveness of her words as if her lips dripped with honey. AT: "the words of an adulteress are sweet, as if dripping with honey" or 2) the writer speaks of the allure of kissing the adulteress as if her lips dripped with honey. AT: "the kisses of an adulteress are sweet, as if her lips dripped with honey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## an adulteress ## +# her mouth is smoother than oil -This is not one particular woman in history, but she stands for any kind of sexual temptation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the word "mouth" represents the speech of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the persuasiveness of her speech as if her mouth were smoother than olive oil. AT: "her speech is persuasive and smoother than olive oil" or 2) the writer speaks of the pleasure of kissing the adulteress as if her mouth were smoother than oil. AT: "her kisses are smoother than olive oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but in the end she is bitter as wormwood ## +# but in the end she is as bitter as wormwood -AT: "but in the end she will taste really bad" or "but later she will say very mean things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer speaks of the harm that comes from having a relationship with an adulteress as if she tasted as bitter as wormwood. AT: "but in the end, she is like bitter-tasting wormwood and will cause you harm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## wormwood ## +# wormwood -A plant that tastes bitter. +a plant that tastes bitter -## cutting like a sharp sword ## +# cutting like a sharp sword -AT: "speaking very hurtful words" or "causing a lot of pain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of the pain that the adulteress will cause to the one who has a relationship with her as if she were a sharp weapon that cuts the person. AT: "she wounds a person, as if she were a sharp sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/05.md b/pro/05/05.md index 8442070642..4bf5f297e0 100644 --- a/pro/05/05.md +++ b/pro/05/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Her feet go down to death ... her steps go all the way to Sheol ## +# Her feet go down to death -These two phrases repeat the same idea to emphasize how dangerous she is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here "her feet" represent the adulteress as she walks. The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. AT: "She is walking along a path that leads to death" or "Her lifestyle leads to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Her feet go ... her steps go ... her footsteps wander ## +# her steps go all the way to Sheol -AT: "She goes ... she goes ... she wanders" This is the adulteress from [Proverbs 5:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. AT: "she walks all the way to Sheol" or "her conduct takes her all the way to Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Sheol ## +# She gives no thought to the path of life -See how you translated this in [Proverbs 1:12](../01/12.md). +The writer speaks of behavior that gives a person long life as if it were a path that leads to life. AT: "She does not think about walking along the path that leads to life" or "She is not concerned about conduct that leads to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## She gives no thought to ## +# Her footsteps wander -"She does not follow" or "She does not care about" - -## Her footsteps wander ## - -AT: "She walks around randomly" or "She walks without a sense of direction" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "She wanders about as if she were lost" or 2) "She walks along the wrong path." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/07.md b/pro/05/07.md index b629f8cf8f..15c09dd55a 100644 --- a/pro/05/07.md +++ b/pro/05/07.md @@ -1,31 +1,23 @@ -## And now ## +# Now -Here the teacher shifts from warning about the adulteress to giving concrete advice. +Here the teacher shifts from warning about the adulteress to giving advice. -## listen to me … do not turn away from listening … ## +# listen to me ... do not turn away from listening These two phrases express the same idea to make the student pay attention. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## do not turn away from listening ## +# do not turn away from listening -AT: "always listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +The writer speaks of stopping an action as if the person physically turned away from it. AT: "do not stop listening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the words of my mouth ## +# the words of my mouth -AT: "my teachings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the word "mouth" represents the person who is speaking. AT: "my words" or "what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Keep your path away … do not come near ## +# Keep your path far away from her -These two phrases express the same idea to emphasize the importance of this advice. +Here the word "path" represents the person's daily conduct and circumstances. AT: "Keep yourself far away from her" or "Stay away from her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Keep your path far away from her ## +# do not come near the door of her house -Possible meanings are 1) keep a physical distance between you and the adulteress and 2) do not live in a similar way as her. - -## do not come near ## - -"do not come close to" AT: "stay far away from" - -## the door of her house ## - -AT: "her" or "the adulteress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "the door of her house" represents the house itself. It may be more appropriate to use the word "go" instead of "come" since the latter might imply that the speaker is at the door of her house. AT: "do not go near the door of her house" or "do not even go near her house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/09.md b/pro/05/09.md index 49077153f4..83eca6d5f3 100644 --- a/pro/05/09.md +++ b/pro/05/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Lest ## +# In that way -The word "lest" is used when someone says something in order to prevent something bad from happening. AT: "for fear that" +"If you do this." This phrase refers to what he has just said in previous verses. -## give away your honor to others ## +# you will not give away your honor to others -Possible meanings are 1) you will lose the respect of other people (UDB) 2) what is honorable about you is lost because of what you gave to the adulteress. +Possible meanings for the word "honor" are 1) it refers to one's reputation. AT: "You will not lose your good reputation among other people" or 2) it refers to one's wealth and possessions. AT: "You will not give away your wealth to other people" or 3) it refers to strength and represents the prime years of one's life. AT: "You will not give away the best times of your life to other people" -## give away years of your life to a cruel person ## +# or years of your life to a cruel person -The cruel person is the adulteress. +The writer speaks of a person dying prematurely, possibly by murder, as if the years of his life were items that he gives away to another person. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "or give years of your life to a cruel person" or "or cause a cruel person to kill you while you are still young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## strangers feast upon ... the house of a stranger ## +# a cruel person -Possible meanings are 1) strangers will take your possessions (UDB) 2) the children you will have with the adulteress will take your inheritance. AT: "your bastard children enjoy your wealth, and your inheritance claimed by a family that is not your own" +This may refer to the husband of the adulteress, who will deal cruelly with the person who sleeps with her. -## feast upon ## +# strangers will not feast on your wealth -AT: "hold a feast because they took" or "enjoy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of people taking and enjoying another person's wealth as if they were feasting on the wealth. AT: "strangers will not take all of your wealth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# what you have worked for will not go into the house of strangers + +Here the word "house" represents the person's family. AT: "the things that you have obtained will not end up belonging to the families of strangers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/11.md b/pro/05/11.md index a14a1ad92e..d119fbf71d 100644 --- a/pro/05/11.md +++ b/pro/05/11.md @@ -1,31 +1,19 @@ -## you will groan ## +# your flesh and your body waste away -AT: "you will say, "Oh, no!" " +The words "flesh" and "body" mean basically the same thing and represent the whole person. AT: "your body wastes away" or "you waste away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## your flesh and your body ## +# waste away -The words "flesh" and "body" mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how horrible death is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"physically wear down" or "become weak and unhealthy" -## waste away ## +# I hated instruction ... my heart despised correction -AT: "physically wear down" or "become weak and unhealthy" +These two phrases express the same idea and emphasize how much this person disliked what the teacher had said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## You will say ## +# How I hated instruction -AT: "You will think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The word "How" is an exclamation that emphasizes the strength of his hatred. The word "instruction" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I hated it so much when someone would instruct me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## I hated discipline ... my heart despised correction ## +# my heart despised correction -These two phrases repeat the same idea and are repeated to emphasize how much this person disliked what the teacher had said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## my heart ## - -AT: "I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## despised ## - -AT: "disliked very much" or "hated" - -## correction ## - -To correct someone is to point out a mistake he or she has made. AT: "that someone corrected me" or "the people who corrected me" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "heart" represents the person and his emotions. The word "correction" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I despised people when they corrected me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/13.md b/pro/05/13.md index ca119feb22..2db3c9b022 100644 --- a/pro/05/13.md +++ b/pro/05/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## obey my teachers … listen to my instructors ## +# incline my ear to my instructors -These two phrases are repeated to emphasize the important role teachers play in making someone wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here the word "ear" represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). AT: "listen to those who instructed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## assembly … gathering of the people ## +# in the midst of the assembly, among the gathering of the people -Both words refer to a group of people who may have come together 1) to worship God, or 2) to decide on a legal matter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the person's community that has gathered together either 1) to worship God or 2) to judge him for his offense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/15.md b/pro/05/15.md index 2043462c0a..d1b567b337 100644 --- a/pro/05/15.md +++ b/pro/05/15.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## water from your own cistern ... running water from your own well ... ## +# water from your own cistern ... running water from your own well -These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are meant to emphasize the importance of staying faithful. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The writer speaks of a man sleeping only with his wife as if he drank water only from his own cistern or well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## cistern ## +# running water -"well" A cistern is a man-made place to store water. +The writer speaks of fresh or flowing water as if the water were running. AT: "fresh water" or "flowing water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## running water ## +# Should your springs ... your streams of water flow in the public squares? -"flowing water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that his son should not do these things. AT: "Your springs should not ... your streams of water should not flow in the public squares." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Should your springs ... flow in the public squares? ## +# Should your springs ... your streams of water flow in the public squares? -Possible meanings are 1) a euphemism for immoral sexual behavior and/or 2) a metaphor for illegitimate children. At the same time it is also a hyperbole, since it exaggerates the number of people you have sex with and/or the amount of illegitimate children you have. And it is also a rhetorical question that needs to be answered with "no". AT: "So do not go out and have sex with everyone you meet, and do not fill the streets with your illegitimate children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here the words "springs" and "streams of water" are likely euphemisms for male reproductive fluids. Possible meanings for these metaphorical phrases are 1) sleeping with women other than one's wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one's water to flow in the public streets or 2) having children with women other than one's wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one's water to flow in the public streets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## public squares ## +# public squares Open areas in a city or town where two or more streets meet. A common place for people to meet each other and talk. -## Let them be ## +# Let them be The word "them" refers to the "springs" and "streams of water" and what they stand for. -## not for strangers with you ## +# not for strangers with you -AT: "not for both strangers and you" or "exclusively for you; not for strangers too" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +"do not share them with strangers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/18.md b/pro/05/18.md index 1f3e38225b..11c80338df 100644 --- a/pro/05/18.md +++ b/pro/05/18.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## May your fountain be blessed ## +# May your fountain be blessed -The student's wife is compared to a fountain. Possible meanings of "be blessed" are 1) that his wife will always give him joy 2) that his wife will bear him healthy children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of the son's wife as if she were a fountain. Here the word "blessed" refers to the sense of joy that the man has in his wife. AT: "May you always find joy with your wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the wife of your youth ## +# the wife of your youth -AT: "the woman you married when you were young" (UDB) or "your first-and-only wife" +Possible meanings are 1) "the wife whom you married when you were young" or 2) "your young wife." -## a loving deer and a graceful doe ## +# she is a loving deer and a graceful doe -These two terms mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. The student's wife is compared to a beautiful, kind animal as a compliment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The writer speaks of the son's wife as if she were "a loving deer and a graceful doe." Here "deer" and "doe" mean a female deer. They were symbols of beauty both in their appearance and in their movements. AT: "she is as beautiful and graceful as a deer or a doe" or "she is as beautiful and graceful as a female deer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## graceful ## +# graceful -This word does not mean "full of grace", but it means "looking beautiful while moving". +This word does not mean "full of grace," but "beautiful while moving." -## Let her breasts fill you with delight ## +# Let her breasts satisfy you -Possible reasons for focusing on her breasts are 1) seeing her breasts causes sexual desire, or 2) just as breasts give milk to feed babies, so they should feed your happiness. If you translate it according to the first reason, you can choose another part of a woman's body that causes sexual desire in your culture. If you translate it according to the second reason, you can translate it as a simile: "Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mother's breasts fill her child with food." +Possible meanings are 1) the wife's breasts excite the husband's sexual desire and possibly represent the wife's entire body. AT: "Let her breasts satisfy your desires" or "Let her body satisfy your desires" or 2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wife's breasts satisfying the husband's desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. AT: "Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mother's breasts fill her child with food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## be captivated always by her love ## +# may you be continually intoxicated by her love -AT: "let her love always hold your attention and interest" +Intense excitement and joy from the romantic love of one's wife is spoken of as if he was drunk from that love. This can be stated in active form. AT: "let her love control you as alcohol controls someone who is drunk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## by her love ## +# by her love -Possible meanings are 1) "by your love for her" or 2) "by her love for you." AT: "because you love her so much" or "because she loves you" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "by your love for her" or 2) "by her love for you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/20.md b/pro/05/20.md index f3e04db60c..499380db46 100644 --- a/pro/05/20.md +++ b/pro/05/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## For why should you ... the breasts of a strange woman? ## +# For why should you, my son, be captivated by an adulteress; why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman? -"My son, do not be captivated by an adulteress! Do not embrace the breasts of a strange woman!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The writer asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that his son must not do these things. AT: "My son, do not be captivated by an adulteress! Do not embrace the breasts of an immoral woman!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## why should you, my son, be captivated by an adulteress ## +# be captivated by an adulteress -AT: "why should an adulteress captivate you, my son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Intense excitement that arises from the desire for a woman is spoken of as if he were being held captive by that woman. This can be stated in active form. AT: "allow an adulteress to captivate you" or "allow an adulteress to fascinate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## adulteress ## +# why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman -See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 5:3](./03.md). +Here the word "breasts" represents the immoral woman and her sexual attractiveness. AT: "why should you embrace an immoral woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## a stranger ## +# an immoral woman -"a strange woman" AT: "a woman who is not your wife" +Possible meanings are 1) "a woman who is not your wife" or 2) "a woman who is another man's wife." -## ... sees everything ... watches all the paths ... ## +# sees everything ... watches all the paths -These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how carefully God pays attention to you. Therefore you can also translate in second person: "Yahweh sees everything you do and watches all the paths you take" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God knows everything that everyone does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## all the paths he takes ## +# all the paths he takes -AT: "everwhere he goes" or "everything he does" \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of a person's actions or lifestyle as if it were a path on which the person walks. AT: "everywhere he goes" or "everything he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/22.md b/pro/05/22.md index 8e57c99275..6bc52804a4 100644 --- a/pro/05/22.md +++ b/pro/05/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## A wicked person will be seized by his own iniquities ## +# A wicked person will be seized by his own iniquities -This implies that wicked people will die as a punishment for their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities as if those iniquities were people who capture the wicked person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "A wicked person's own iniquities will seize him" or "A wicked person will be unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the cords of his sin will hold him tight ## +# the cords of his sin will hold him tight -Sin is pictured here as a small trap for birds that works with cords. AT: "he is no longer free from his desire to sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his sin as if that sin were a trap made of cords in which the person is caught. AT: "because of his sin, he will be like an animal caught in a trap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he is led astray by his great foolishness ## +# he is led astray by his great foolishness -AT: "his great foolishness leads him astray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his great foolishness leads him astray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## by his great foolishness ## +# by his great foolishness -AT: "because he acted very stupidly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +"because he is very foolish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/05/intro.md b/pro/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ba5cf787dd --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Proverbs 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 5 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### My Son ##### +Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son. + +##### Adulteress ##### + +This chapter is unusual because it holds a theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/01.md b/pro/06/01.md index d0a1394bae..30a1fcfb71 100644 --- a/pro/06/01.md +++ b/pro/06/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## if … if … then ## +# set aside your money -These two verses present an if-then construction. +Implied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up your money. AT: "had to save up some of your money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## set aside your money ## +# a guarantee for your neighbor's loan -Implied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up. AT: "had to save up some of your money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Possible meanings are 1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or 2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot. -## a guarantee for your neighbor's loan ## +# neighbor -Possible meanings are 1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan 2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot. +This same Hebrew word can also mean "friend." -## neighbor ## +# you have laid a trap for yourself -this same Hebrew word can also mean "friend" +This is a figure of speech saying that you are going to trap yourself. AT: "you have made a trap in which you yourself are caught" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you have laid a trap for yourself ## +# the words of your mouth -AT: "you have made a trap in which you yourself are caught" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## the words of your mouth ## - -AT: "what you said" or "what you promised to do" \ No newline at end of file +"what you said" or "what you promised to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/03.md b/pro/06/03.md index 8309938690..6abb46f82e 100644 --- a/pro/06/03.md +++ b/pro/06/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## In that case ## +# save yourself -This is the result of the if-then construction that came before. +"protect yourself" or "help yourself out of these problems" -## save yourself ## +# you have fallen into the hand of your neighbor -AT: "protect yourself" or "help yourself out of these problems" +This is a figure of speech using the term "hand" to mean "harm." AT: "your neighbor can bring harm to you if he wants to" or "your neighbor has power over you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you are at the mercy of your neighbor ## - -AT: "your neighbor can bring harm to you if he wants to" or "you neighbor has power over you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## neighbor ## +# neighbor "friend" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/04.md b/pro/06/04.md index 54e6f7b6f3..4c66fc4b2d 100644 --- a/pro/06/04.md +++ b/pro/06/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Give your eyes no sleep and your eyelids no slumber ## +# Give your eyes no sleep and your eyelids no slumber "Do not let your eyes sleep; do not let your eyelids slumber." These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how important it is not to be lazy. It is also stated negatively for even more emphasis. AT: "Stay awake, and do what you can" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## your eyes ... your eyelids ## +# your eyes ... your eyelids -AT: "yourself ... yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This is a figure of speech using parts of your face to mean your whole body. AT: "yourself ... yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Save yourself like a gazelle from the hand of the hunter ## +# Save yourself like a gazelle from the hand of the hunter -AT: "Escape from your neighbor like a gazelle that flees from a hunter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"Escape from your neighbor like a gazelle that flees from a hunter" -## gazelle ## +# gazelle This is a big, lean animal that eats grass and that people often hunt for meat. It is famous for running away quickly. -## from the hand of the hunter ## +# from the hand of the hunter The hand of the hunter refers to the hunter's control. AT: "from the control of the hunter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## like a bird from the hand of the fowler ## +# like a bird from the hand of the fowler -AT: "and escape like a bird that flies away from a bird-hunter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +"and escape like a bird that flies away from a bird-hunter" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/06.md b/pro/06/06.md index 30f4acd4e6..1666ce0f4d 100644 --- a/pro/06/06.md +++ b/pro/06/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Look at … consider ## +# Look at ... consider -AT: "Study … think about" or "carefully observe … ponder" +"Study ... think about" or "carefully observe ... ponder" -## ant ## +# ant An ant is a small insect that lives underground or in a self-built hill. They usually live in groups of thousands, and they can lift things that are much bigger than they are. -## consider her ways ## +# consider her ways -AT: "consider how the ant behaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is a figure of speech using the "ways" of an ant to refer to the behavior of the ant. AT: "consider how the ant behaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## commander, officer, or ruler ## +# commander, officer, or ruler -These three words basically mean the same thing and are used to emphasized that no one has formal authority over an individual ant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These three words mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasized that no one has formal authority over an individual ant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## it prepares its food in the summer … during the harvest it stores up what it will eat ## +# it prepares its food in the summer ... during the harvest it stores up what it will eat -These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated to show how responsible the ant is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated to show how responsible the ant is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## summer ## +# summer Summer is the time of the year when some trees bear their fruit. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/09.md b/pro/06/09.md index e67e8b64d9..db02aa7bea 100644 --- a/pro/06/09.md +++ b/pro/06/09.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## How long will you sleep ... When will you rise from your sleep? ## +# How long will you sleep ... When will you rise from your sleep? -The teacher uses these questions to scold the lazy person for sleeping too much. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The teacher uses these questions to scold the lazy person for sleeping too much. AT: "Wake up, you lazy person! Get out of your bed!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## A little more sleep ... of the hands to rest ## +# A little sleep ... of the hands to rest These are the kinds of things that lazy people say. -## A little more sleep, a little more slumber ## +# A little sleep, a little slumber -AT: "I'll just sleep a little more. Let me sleep lightly a little" +Both of these statements mean the same thing. They can be stated as complete sentences. AT: "I will just sleep a little longer. Let me sleep lightly a little longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## folding of the hands to rest ## +# folding of the hands to rest -AT: "I'll just cross my arms comfortably and rest a little" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +People often fold their hands while reclining in order to rest more comfortably. AT: "I will just cross my arms comfortably and rest a little" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and your poverty will come ## +# and your poverty will come -The fact that this is a result of being lazy can be made clear. AT: "If you continue to be lazy, your poverty will come" or "While you sleep, poverty will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be stated as a new sentence to make clear that this is a result of being lazy. AT: "If you continue to be lazy, your poverty will come" or "While you sleep, poverty will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## your poverty will come to you like a robber ## +# your poverty will come like a robber The sudden way a lazy person becomes poor is like the sudden way a robber comes and steals things. AT: "you will suddenly become poor, just as if a robber came and stole everything you have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## your needs like an armed soldier ## +# and your needs like an armed soldier -AT: "and your needs will come to you like an armed soldier" or "and you will become needy just as if an armed soldier stole all your things" +The sudden way a lazy person becomes in need of things is like the sudden way an armed soldier takes things from a person. This can be stated as a complete sentence. AT: "and your needs will come to you like an armed soldier" or "and you will become needy just as if an armed soldier stole all your things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## an armed soldier ## +# an armed soldier -AT: "a soldier who is holding a weapon" or "a man with a weapon" \ No newline at end of file +"a soldier who is holding a weapon" or "a man with a weapon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/12.md b/pro/06/12.md index d532a54532..124f4a7a43 100644 --- a/pro/06/12.md +++ b/pro/06/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## A worthless person—a wicked man ## +# A worthless person—a wicked man -These two words have the same meaning and emphasize how bad this person is. AT: "A person with no value–an evil man" +These two words have the same meaning and emphasize how bad this person is. AT: "A person with no value—an evil man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## lives by the crookedness of his speech ## +# lives by the crookedness of his speech -AT: "constantly tells lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here lies are spoken of as speech that is crooked. AT: "constantly tells lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## winking his eyes ## +# winking his eyes, making signals with his feet and pointing with his fingers -If someone winks, he closes one eye very briefly as a secret signal to another person. This might be a sign of trust, of approval, or of something else. AT: "trying to gain your trust by a certain way of looking" +All three of these phrases describe a way in which the evil person communicates secretly to deceive other people. -## winking his eyes, making signals with his feet, and pointing with his fingers ## +# winking his eyes -All three of these phrases describe a way in which the evil person communicates secretly to deceive other people. \ No newline at end of file +If someone winks, he closes one eye very briefly as a secret signal to another person. This might be a sign of trust, of approval, or of something else. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/14.md b/pro/06/14.md index a92b034cb1..26b4334344 100644 --- a/pro/06/14.md +++ b/pro/06/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## He plots evil ## +# He plots evil -"He plans evil" AT: "He prepares to do evil deeds" +"He plans evil" or "He prepares to do evil deeds" -## he always stirs up discord ## +# he always stirs up discord -"he always causes discord" AT: "he is constantly looking for conflict and escalating it" +"he always causes discord" or "he is constantly looking for conflict and escalating it" -## Therefore ## +# Therefore "For that reason" -## his disaster ## +# his disaster will overtake him -That is the disaster that will happen to him, but also the disaster that he himself caused. +This implies that the disaster is chasing him like a person or an animal, and that it will catch him soon. AT: "his disaster will catch him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## overtake ## +# his disaster -That implies that the disaster is chasing him like a person or an animal, and that it will catch him soon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This refers to the disaster that will happen to him, but also the disaster that he himself caused. -## in an instant, in a moment ## +# in an instant; in a moment Both mean the same thing, and one or both of them can be replaced by "suddenly" or "very quickly". \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/16.md b/pro/06/16.md index d25ed01992..d514cd6f9f 100644 --- a/pro/06/16.md +++ b/pro/06/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## six things that Yahweh hates, seven that ## +# six things that Yahweh hates, seven that -"six things that Yahwah hates; seven things that" This whole verse is a parallelism that emphasizes that God hates several things and not just one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This whole verse is a parallelism that emphasizes that God hates several things and not just one. AT: "six things that Yahwah hates; seven things that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## that are disgusting to him ## +# that are disgusting to him -AT: "that make him feel disgust" or "that make you disgusting according to him" \ No newline at end of file +"that make him feel disgust" or "that make you disgusting according to him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/17.md b/pro/06/17.md index 20904c1ed3..78a0469618 100644 --- a/pro/06/17.md +++ b/pro/06/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## eyes ... tongue ... hands ... heart ... feet ## +# Connecting Statement: -All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with "people who." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This is the list of things that Yahweh hates that was introduced in [Proverbs 6:16](./16.md). -## shed the blood of ## +# eyes ... tongue ... hands ... heart ... feet -AT: "kill" or "murder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with "people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## wicked schemes ## +# shed the blood of + +"kill" or "murder" + +# wicked schemes "evil plans" -## breathes out lies ## +# breathes out lies -AT: "constantly lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This figure of speech uses "breathes" to refer to lying constantly. AT: "constantly lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## discord ## +# discord -See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 6:14](./14.md). +See how you translated this in [Proverbs 6:14](./14.md). -## one who sows discord ## +# one who sows discord -"a person who sows discord" AT: "a person who causes discord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This figure of speech is using "sows" to refer to causing or bringing about discord. AT: "a person who causes discord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/20.md b/pro/06/20.md index f7987c3f90..1b5bde63a9 100644 --- a/pro/06/20.md +++ b/pro/06/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## obey the command of your father ... do not forsake the teaching of your mother ## +# obey the command of your father ... do not forsake the teaching of your mother These two phrases on the one hand mean the same thing. On the other hand, the repeated emphasis on both "father" and "mother" explicitly includes women in the whole teaching-learning process. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## do not forsake the teaching of your mother ## +# do not forsake the teaching of your mother -AT: "obey the teaching of your mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This figure of speech is using the negative "forsake" to mean the positive "obey". AT: "obey the teaching of your mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## bind them on your heart; tie them about your neck ## +# bind them on your heart; tie them about your neck -These two phrases basically mean the same thing. They describe the commands and instructions as if they are written down so that you can put it in or on your body to remind yourself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. They describe the commands and instructions as if they are written down so that you can put it in or on your body to remind yourself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## bind them on your heart ## +# bind them on your heart -AT: "love them" or "think about them" \ No newline at end of file +"love them" or "think about them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/22.md b/pro/06/22.md index c6a35e38b3..087aaa7a75 100644 --- a/pro/06/22.md +++ b/pro/06/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## When you walk … when you sleep … when you wake up ## +# When you walk ... when you sleep ... when you wake up These three phrases are used together to emphasize that the lessons are valuable all the time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## they will guide you … they will watch over you … they will teach you ## +# they will guide you ... they will watch over you ... they will teach you -The repetition of these phrases is to show that the lessons are valuable for all sorts of things. It also speaks of those lessons as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The repetition of these phrases is to show that the lessons are valuable for all sorts of things. It also speaks of those lessons as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the commands … the teaching … the reproofs of discipline ## +# the commands ... the teaching ... the corrections that come by instruction -Threse three phrases basically mean the same thing and together show the various types of lessons a father and a mother teach. +These three phrases mean basically the same thing, and together they show the various types of lessons a father and a mother teach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## a lamp … a light … the way of life ## +# a lamp ... a light ... the way of life -All three of these mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the fact that the lessons make life better and easier. AT: "as useful as a lamp … as helpful as light in the darkness … as necessary to follow as the way of life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +All three of these mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the fact that the lessons make life better and easier. AT: "as useful as a lamp ... as helpful as light in the darkness ... as necessary to follow as the way of life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the way of life ## +# the way of life -AT: "the way that leads to life" or "the way of living that God approves of" \ No newline at end of file +"the way that leads to life" or "the way of living that God approves of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/24.md b/pro/06/24.md index 15a92e0d63..18e63a96af 100644 --- a/pro/06/24.md +++ b/pro/06/24.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## It keeps you from ## +# It keeps you from -"It saves you from" or "It protects you from" The word "it" here refers to the lessons taught by the father and mother in [Proverbs 6:20](./20.md). +Here the word "it" refers to the lessons taught by the father and mother in [Proverbs 6:20](./20.md). AT: "It saves you from" or "It protects you from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## the immoral woman … the adulteress ## +# the immoral woman ... an immoral woman -These two words basically mean the same thing. See how you translated the word "adulteress" in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md). +These two words mean basically the same thing. See how you translated the word "adulteress" in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md). -## immoral ## +# immoral "morally evil" -## her beauty ## +# in your heart -AT: "what is beautiful about her" or "her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "heart" represents the mind. AT: "in your thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## capture ## +# her beauty -AT: "gain control over" +"what is beautiful about her." This can also be a metonym for the woman. AT: "her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## her eyelashes ## +# capture -The eyelashes stand for the beautiful things about her body that she uses to catch a man's attention. AT: "her beautiful eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"gain control over" + +# her eyelashes + +The "eyelashes" stand for the beautiful things about her body that she uses to catch a man's attention. AT: "her beautiful eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/26.md b/pro/06/26.md index e207c1ea00..aa629f1921 100644 --- a/pro/06/26.md +++ b/pro/06/26.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Sleeping with ## +# the price of a loaf of bread -"having sex with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is talking about the material cost, not the spiritual cost or the moral cost. AT: "a little bit" -## the price of a loaf of bread ## +# may cost you your very life -AT: "a little bit" This is talking about the material cost, not the spiritual cost or the moral cost. +Possible meanings are 1) the wife of another man will destroy your life because she always wants more or 2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you. -## may cost you your very life ## +# Can a man carry a fire against his chest without burning his clothes? -Possible meanings are 1) the wife of another man will distroy your life because she always wants more 2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you. +This action would be very dangerous and would cause harm. The implied answer to the question is "no". AT: "Every man who carries a fire in his chest will burn his clothes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Can a man carry a fire against his chest without burning his clothes? ## +# without burning -This action would be very dangerous and would cause harm. The implied answer to the question is "no." AT: "Every man who carries a fire in his chest will burn his clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"without destroying" or "and not destroy" -## his clothes ## +# his clothes -His clothes stand for him as a whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## be burned ## - -AT: "be destroyed" \ No newline at end of file +His clothes stand for him as a whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/28.md b/pro/06/28.md index 99417162af..5f9037ecb6 100644 --- a/pro/06/28.md +++ b/pro/06/28.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## Can a man walk on hot coals without scorching his feet? ## +# Can a man walk on hot coals without scorching his feet? -Walking on hot coals will scorch a person's feet, so the implied answer is "no." AT: "Every man who walks on hot coals will have scorched feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Walking on hot coals will scorch a person's feet, so the implied answer is "no." AT: "Every man who walks on hot coals will have scorched feet." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## walk on hot coals ## +# walk on hot coals This stands for committing adultery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## walk ## +# walk That is to slowly walk a long distance, without using tricks or magic. -## scorching ## +# scorching -AT: "burning" - -## goes into … has relations with her ## - -"has sex with … has sex with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) - -## will not go unpunished ## - -"will be punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +"burning" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/30.md b/pro/06/30.md index 437c5e3107..855244efc4 100644 --- a/pro/06/30.md +++ b/pro/06/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## despise a thief ## +# despise a thief -AT: "regard a thief with contempt" or "think a thief is evil" +"do not regard a thief with contempt" or "do not think a thief is evil" -## if he is caught ## +# if he is caught -AT: "if someone catches him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "if someone catches him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in his house ## +# in his house -AT: "that he owns" ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This figure of speech is saying that everything in his house is all that he owns. AT: "that he owns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/32.md b/pro/06/32.md index 3c37404b8f..443b2f0776 100644 --- a/pro/06/32.md +++ b/pro/06/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## The one ## +# The one -AT: "The person" or "The man" +"The person" or "The man" -## what he deserves ## +# what he deserves -AT: "the appropriate punishment for what he has done" +"the appropriate punishment for what he has done" -## his disgrace ## +# his disgrace -AT: "the memory of his shameful act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This figure of speech is using the term "disgrace" to refer to the feeling of him acting shamefully. AT: "the memory of his shameful act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## will not be wiped away ## +# will not be wiped away -AT: "will not be forgotten" or "will always remain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This figure of speech is using the negative "will not be wiped away" to refer to it always being there. AT: "will always remain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/34.md b/pro/06/34.md index 5ad5de43ab..7f8869c0bb 100644 --- a/pro/06/34.md +++ b/pro/06/34.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## furious ## +# furious "very angry" -## he will show no mercy ## +# he will show no mercy The "he" is the neighbor whose wife has committed adultery with another man. AT: "he will not limit the pain he will cause you" or "he will hurt you as much as he can" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## when he takes his revenge ## +# when he takes his revenge -"in the moment of his revenge" AT: "when the moment arrives when he can take his revenge" +"in the moment of his revenge" or "when the moment arrives when he can take his revenge" -## takes his revenge ## +# takes his revenge If a person takes revenge, it is to cause hurt to the person who hurt him first. -## compensation ## +# compensation "payment" -## bought off ## +# he cannot be bought off -This happens when someone is paid money so he will not carry out a certain action +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you cannot pay him enough money to change his mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## though ## +# off, though -"even though" AT: "despite the fact that" +"off. This will be true even if" -## offer ## +# offer -"give" AT: "promise" \ No newline at end of file +"give" or "promise" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/06/intro.md b/pro/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1ed885197a --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# Proverbs 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 6 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### My Son ##### + +Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son. + +##### Adulteress ##### + +The latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]]) + +##### Numbers ##### + +Occasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +The author will use rhetorical questions to draw the reader's attention to important points. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Animals used as types ##### + +The gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/01.md b/pro/07/01.md index 4dcbfecddf..dffe999f95 100644 --- a/pro/07/01.md +++ b/pro/07/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## keep my words ## +# keep my words -AT: "remember my words" +Here keeping represents obeying. AT: "obey my words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## store up my commands within you ## +# store up my commands within yourself -"memorize my commands" +Here God's commands are spoken of as if they were objects that someone could put into a storeroom. AT: "memorize my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the apple of your eye ## +# keep my instruction -"a treasure" or "something you cherish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). +Here keeping represents obeying. AT: "obey my instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my instruction ## +# as the apple of your eye -AT: "what I have taught you" or "what I have commanded you" +The apple of the eye is the pupil inside the eye, which people normally instinctively protect when an object flies at their face. Here "the apple of the eye" represents whatever a person values and protects the most. AT: "as your most valuable possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). -## write them on the tablet of your heart ## +# Tie them on your fingers -See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:3](../03/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) that the writer wanted his son to engrave certain commands from God on a ring and wear it, or 2) that the writer wanted his son to always remember God's commands, as if he always wore a certain ring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# write them on the tablet of your heart + +Here the heart represents a person's mind, and remembering something well is spoken of as if the person were writing it on a stone tablet. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:3](../03/03.md). AT: "remember my commands well as if you were writing them in stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/04.md b/pro/07/04.md index bd8351045e..6cfe6897a4 100644 --- a/pro/07/04.md +++ b/pro/07/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Say to wisdom "You are my sister ## +# Say to wisdom, "You are my sister -Here wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person. AT: "Treat wisdom as you would treat your sister" or "Love wisdom as you would love your sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person. AT: "Value wisdom as you would love your sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## call understanding your kinsman ## +# call understanding your kinsman -Here kinsman is spoken of as if it were a person. AT: Treat understanding as you would treat your kinsman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here the quality of understanding is spoken of as if it were a kinsman or relative. AT: "treat understanding as you would treat your kinsman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## kinsman ## +# kinsman "relative" or "family member" -## the seductive woman ## +# the adulterous woman -"any woman who tries to get a man to commit adultery with her" +This refers to any woman to whom a man is not married. AT: "the woman whom you should have nothing to do with" -## with her smooth words ## +# the immoral woman -"whose words sound nice but are deceitful" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to any woman who is not known to a man. + +# with her smooth words + +Words intended to deceive are spoken of as if they were smooth objects. AT: "who says pleasant things, but wants to deceive you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/06.md b/pro/07/06.md index 27a944f970..8d5259e43d 100644 --- a/pro/07/06.md +++ b/pro/07/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## lattice ## +# lattice a covering over a window made of thin strips of wood that cross one another in a slanted pattern that forms square-shaped openings in the pattern -## judgment ## +# naive -"wisdom" or "the ability to make wise decisions" \ No newline at end of file +"inexperienced" or "immature" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/08.md b/pro/07/08.md index 1ce05a0e74..cc351221b0 100644 --- a/pro/07/08.md +++ b/pro/07/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## her corner ... her house ## +# her corner -The word "her" refers to the adulteress. +Here "her" refers to any female stranger, as referred to in [Proverbs 07:05](./04.md). She was standing at a certain corner, waiting for a suitable man to pass by. AT: "the corner where a female stranger was standing" -## corner ## +# corner This refers to where two roads meet. -## twilight ## +# twilight the time of day when it is getting darker and about to become night \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/10.md b/pro/07/10.md index 0f088d6013..9d58c69fec 100644 --- a/pro/07/10.md +++ b/pro/07/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## she knew why she was there ## +# with a false heart -"she went there with a definite purpose" +Here "heart" represents intentions or plans. AT: "she planned to deceive someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## She is loud and wayward ## +# She was loud and wayward -AT: "She is loud and has turned away from what is right" or "She spoke loudly and did not want to do what was right" +"She talked loudly and acted in the ways she wished to" -## her feet do not stay at home ## +# her feet did not stay at home -The phrase "her feet" refers to her. AT: "she does not stay at home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The phrase "her feet" represent the woman. AT: "she did not stay at home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## she lies in wait ## +# she waited in ambush -"She waits to trap a man" \ No newline at end of file +Here the woman is spoken of as if she were preparing to physically trap a person or an animal. Also, the idea of trapping someone here represents persuading someone to commit sin. AT: "she waited to trap someone" or "she waited to find someone she could persuade to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/13.md b/pro/07/13.md index 9f768fb1b5..56f4d1adfd 100644 --- a/pro/07/13.md +++ b/pro/07/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## she ## +# she -She is the woman that was introduced in [Proverbs 7:10](./10.md). +"She" refers to the woman that was introduced in [Proverbs 7:10](./10.md). -## grabs him ## +# grabbed him -"takes hold of him firmly" +"took hold of him firmly" -## with a bold face ## +# with a strong face -AT: "with a shameless expression on her face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "strong" represents "stubborn." A "strong face" means a stubborn expression on a person's face. This implies that the woman is acting in a stubborn way, that she is deliberately doing what she knows is wrong. AT: "with a shameless expression on her face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your face ## +# I paid my vows -AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "vows" represents what the person promised to sacrifice to God. AT: "I made the sacrifices I promised to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# seek your face + +Here "face" represents the person and especially the person's presence. AT: "look for you" or "find out where you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/16.md b/pro/07/16.md index 7a1fb0eab0..fac93a1880 100644 --- a/pro/07/16.md +++ b/pro/07/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## coverings on my bed ## +# sprinkled my bed with -"blankets on my bed" +"scattered on my bed" -## perfumed my bed ## - -"put sweet-smelling scents on my bed" - -## aloes ## +# aloes A type of wood from a tree that smells good. -## cinnamon ## +# cinnamon This is a spice made from the bark of a tree that smells and tastes good. -## let us take our fill of love till morning ## +# let us drink our fill of love -This means to make love the whole night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the pleasures of romantic love are spoken of as if they were something good to drink. AT: "let us make love to each other as much as we want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/19.md b/pro/07/19.md index da7f1426ae..a3114268a6 100644 --- a/pro/07/19.md +++ b/pro/07/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## her ... she ... him ## +# is not at his house -The female is the married woman who wants to have sex with "him," the young man. +"is not at home" -## full moon ## +# full moon -The moon is "full" when it is a perfectly round disk. +The moon is said to be full when it is a perfectly round disk, shining at its brightest. -## seductive talk ... smooth talk ## +# she turned him -Both of these words basically mean the same thing and describe the woman using words to tempt the young man to have sex with her. AT: "sensual talk ... sweet words" or "sexual way of talking ... flattering speech" +To persuade someone to act in a certain way is spoken of as if it were changing the direction that person was walking. AT: "she persuaded him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## she compels him ## +# her ... she ... him -"she seduces him" AT: "she convinces him to commit adultery" \ No newline at end of file +The female is the married woman who wants to sleep with "him," the young man. + +# smooth lips + +Here "lips" represents what a person says. When a person flatters someone else by saying things that are not sincere, these words are spoken of as if they were a smooth object. AT: "flattering, deceiving words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# she misled him + +"she persuaded him to do something evil" AT: "she convinced him to sin with her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/22.md b/pro/07/22.md index 31166bce63..cf2368c825 100644 --- a/pro/07/22.md +++ b/pro/07/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## like an ox going ... into a snare ## +# He went after her suddenly + +This seems to imply that the young man took very little time to think about what he should do. AT: "He quickly decided to go after her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# like an ox going ... into a snare The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way three animals are unaware of the danger they are in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## deer ## +# slaughter -See how you translated this animal in [Proverbs 5:18](../05/18.md). +This refers to killing an animal in order to eat its meat. -## it will cost him his life ## +# deer -AT: "it will kill him" or "that he will die soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 5:19](../05/18.md). + +# until an arrow pierces through its liver + +This passage implies that a hunter has trapped the deer in order to shoot it with arrows. AT: "until a hunter shoots it in its most important part" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# liver + +Here this organ represents a very important part of the deer's body. + +# it would cost his life + +This is a way of saying that this person will die as a result. AT: "it would kill him" or "he would die soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/24.md b/pro/07/24.md index eb98d45231..7e7c8ecf84 100644 --- a/pro/07/24.md +++ b/pro/07/24.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## And now ## +# Now -This is to focus the attention of the son on the conclusion of this lesson. +This is to focus the attention of the speaker's sons on the conclusion of this lesson. -## Do not let your heart turn aside to her ways ## +# May your heart not turn aside onto her paths -AT: "Let your heart stay far away from the ways of the adulterous woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) Possible meanings are 1) "Stay far away from her" or 2) "Do not behave as she does." +Here "ways" means the paths that a person chooses to walk on. It represents the person's behavior, the things that he decides to do in life. AT: "Make your heart stay far away from the ways of the adulterous woman" or "Do not let your heart want to do the things that the adulterous woman does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your heart ## +# your heart -AT: "yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "heart" represents a person, emphasizing his desires. AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## do not go astray into her paths ## +# do not be led astray onto her paths -This means the same as the sentence before it. It strengthens the first warning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## do not go astray into ## - -AT: "stay far away from" or "stay on the right path, and avoid" \ No newline at end of file +This means the same as the sentence before it. It strengthens the first warning. AT: "do not leave the right path in order to go on her paths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/26.md b/pro/07/26.md index 0f6ff4ffff..57cc6185a9 100644 --- a/pro/07/26.md +++ b/pro/07/26.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## brought down ## +# She has caused many people to fall down pierced -On the one hand it is an idiom for "ruined" (UDB) or "destroyed", but it also begins the metaphor of entering sheol which is always described as down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Being pierced by spears or arrows represents being killed. AT: "She has caused many people to fall dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Her house ## +# Her house is on the paths to Sheol ... they go down -AT: "She" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "paths" represents the kinds of behavior that foolish people participate in. Sheol was the name for the world of the dead. -## Her house is on the road to sheol, it goes ## +# on the paths to Sheol ... down to the dark bedrooms of death -AT: "Her destination is sheol; she is going down" +These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that the woman's victims will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the rooms of death ## +# the dark bedrooms of death -This expression pictures the dead as lying in many different rooms in sheol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## on the road to sheol ... down to the rooms of death ## - -These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that the adulteress will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This expression pictures the dead as sleeping in many different rooms in Sheol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/07/intro.md b/pro/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bdc16ebeb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Proverbs 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 7 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Parallelism ##### + +Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +Many of the proverbs are stated as promises or commands, but they are intended to be advice. + +##### My Son ##### + +Occasionally the author addresses a proverb to "my son". This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males, but is still given in the context of a father warning his son. + +##### Adulteress ##### + +This chapter continues the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/01.md b/pro/08/01.md index f3e4a84705..b05c873fd5 100644 --- a/pro/08/01.md +++ b/pro/08/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,27 @@ -In chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\\ +# General Information: + +In chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# General Information: + Many verses in chapter 8 have parallelisms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Does not Wisdom call out? ## +# Does not Wisdom call out? This question is used to remind the readers of something they should already know. AT: "Wisdom calls out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Does not Understanding raise her voice? ## +# Does not Wisdom call out? -AT: "Understanding shouts loudly" +Here wisdom is imagined as a woman. If a language does not allow this kind of metaphor, other possible translations are: 1) "Is not wisdom like a woman who calls out?" 2) "Does not a woman named Wisdom call out?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the city gate ## +# Does not Understanding raise her voice? -This is where people go in and out of a city that has a wall around it. +Here "Understanding" means the same as "Wisdom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## she calls out ## +# the gates at the entrance into the city -"Wisdom calls out for the people to listen to her" \ No newline at end of file +In ancient times, cities usually had outer walls with gates in them. + +# she calls out + +This continues to refer to Wisdom, personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/04.md b/pro/08/04.md index d56d3b6a44..f0a507c43c 100644 --- a/pro/08/04.md +++ b/pro/08/04.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ -Wisdom speaks to the people in verses 4 through 36. +# General Information: -## prudence ## +Wisdom speaks to the people in verses 4-36. -wisdom or good sense \ No newline at end of file +# my voice is for the sons of mankind + +Here "voice" represents the words that are spoken. AT: "my words are for the sons of mankind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the sons of mankind + +This is metonymy representing all human beings. AT: "all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# naive + +"inexperienced, immature" + +# learn wisdom + +The abstract word "wisdom' refers to what a wise person believes and to the way in which he acts. AT: "learn how a wise person acts" or "learn what it means to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you must get an understanding mind + +"you must begin to understand things with your mind" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/06.md b/pro/08/06.md index ddb158f8df..e8d287f9af 100644 --- a/pro/08/06.md +++ b/pro/08/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## when my lips open ## +# when my lips open -"when I open my mouth to speak" +Here "lips" represents a person's mouth, with which he speaks. AT: "when I open my mouth to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## right ## +# upright -"proper" or "just" \ No newline at end of file +"proper" or "just" + +# my mouth speaks + +Here "mouth" represents a person who speaks. AT: "I speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# what is trustworthy + +"what people should believe" + +# wickedness is disgusting to my lips + +Here "lips" represents a person who is speaking. AT: "wickedness is disgusting to me" or "saying wicked things would be disgusting to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# wickedness + +Here the abstract noun "wickedness" represents wicked speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/08.md b/pro/08/08.md index 25ed109bc0..7c8f6d4386 100644 --- a/pro/08/08.md +++ b/pro/08/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## my words are straight for the one who understands ## +# the words of my mouth -"my words are clear to those who are wise" \ No newline at end of file +The "mouth" stands for the person who is speaking. AT: "The things I teach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# twisted + +"false" + +# straight + +"honest and clear" + +# my words are upright for those who find knowledge + +This probably means that those who find knowledge will easily understand that the speaker's words are upright. Here "words" represent a message or teaching. AT: "those who know what is right and what is wrong consider what I teach to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# upright + +"honest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/10.md b/pro/08/10.md index 8d1d73c192..78ff57f8cd 100644 --- a/pro/08/10.md +++ b/pro/08/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Choose my instruction over silver ## +# Acquire my instruction rather than silver -AT: "Desire what I teach more than silver" \ No newline at end of file +"You should try much harder to understand my instructions than to get silver" + +# For Wisdom is better than jewels; no treasure is equal to her + +Here Wisdom, personified as a woman, is not speaking. However, it is possible to make Wisdom the speaker here as well. AT: "For I, Wisdom, am better than jewels; no treasure is equal to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/12.md b/pro/08/12.md index dff8c9a0d4..992f6d5f13 100644 --- a/pro/08/12.md +++ b/pro/08/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## I, Wisdom, live with Prudence ## +# I, Wisdom, live with Prudence -Prudence is also represented here as a person. +Prudence is also represented here as a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Prudence ## +# Prudence "caution" or "good judgment" -## I possess knowledge and discretion ## +# I possess knowledge and discretion -"I am knowledgeable and discreet" +The abstract ideas "knowledge" and "discrete" can be expressed in other ways. AT: "I am knowledgeable and discreet" or "I know many things, and I am careful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## discretion ## +# discretion being careful about what we say and do; being cautious not to cause hurt or harm to others -## perverted speech ## +# perverted speech "wicked talk" -## perverted ## +# perverted -turned from what is right; distorted \ No newline at end of file +turned from what is right \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/14.md b/pro/08/14.md index 6177ab3831..807c757581 100644 --- a/pro/08/14.md +++ b/pro/08/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## give good advice ## +# good advice -"make wise suggestions" +"wise suggestions" -## advice ## +# advice counsel that is given to help someone -## sound ## +# sound good, reliable -## noblemen ## +# I am insight -leading members of an important family \ No newline at end of file +Here Wisdom is spoken of as if she were insight. AT: "I have insight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# nobles + +noblemen, leading members of important families in the nation \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/17.md b/pro/08/17.md index d6d9740827..1764ae776c 100644 --- a/pro/08/17.md +++ b/pro/08/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## diligently ## +# love + +This refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives. + +# diligently with careful and continued effort -## With me are riches and honor ## +# With me are riches and honor -"I give riches and honor" +"I have riches and honor" -## enduring wealth and righteousness ## +# lasting wealth and righteousness -This explains what is meant by “riches and honor.” AT: "I give enduring wealth and righteousness" or “People who find me find enduring wealth and righteousness” \ No newline at end of file +This explains what is meant by "riches and honor." This can be made clear with the connecting statement "therefore." AT: "therefore, I will give lasting wealth and righteousness to those who find me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# righteousness + +"the ability to live in a right way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/19.md b/pro/08/19.md index 5874b8cdda..9d4c74987f 100644 --- a/pro/08/19.md +++ b/pro/08/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## my fruit ## +# My fruit what wisdom produces or causes -## what I produce ## +# my produce -the benefit or gain that wisdom produces or causes +the benefit or gain that wisdom causes -## I walk in the way that is right ## +# I walk in the path of righteousness -Living the right way is spoken of as walking on the right road. AT: "I live right" or “I do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Living the right way is spoken of as walking on the right road. AT: "I live right" or "I do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the paths that lead to justice ## +# in the midst of the paths of justice -This tells more of what is meant by “in the way that is right.” AT: “I do what is perfectly just” or “I only do what leads to justice” +This tells more of what is meant by "the path of righteousness." AT: "I do what is perfectly just" or "I only do what is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## treasuries ## +# treasuries -storehouses for valuable things \ No newline at end of file +storehouses for valuable things. Wisdom is spoken of as a woman who fills the storehouses of her followers with valuable things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/22.md b/pro/08/22.md index 8062fc0696..9a2ad054dc 100644 --- a/pro/08/22.md +++ b/pro/08/22.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the first of his doings in ancient time ## +# the first of his deeds then -"I was the first of the things he created long ago" +"I was the first of the things he created then" -## From ages long ago ## +# In ages long ago "Very long ago" -## I was set up ## +# ages -AT: "God set me up" or "God appointed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "age" refers to a general, extended period of time. + +# I was made + +This can be put into active form. AT: "God made me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# from the beginnings of the earth + +The idea of beginnings can be translated in a less abstract way. AT: "from when God created the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/24.md b/pro/08/24.md index 44835b64ec..d8167f6bba 100644 --- a/pro/08/24.md +++ b/pro/08/24.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## before the mountains were settled ## +# Before the mountains were settled -"before the mountains were formed" \ No newline at end of file +"Before the bases of the mountains were put into place." This can also be put into active form. AT: "Before God made the foundations of the mountains and put them into their proper places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/26.md b/pro/08/26.md index a7bff232c5..2391b60566 100644 --- a/pro/08/26.md +++ b/pro/08/26.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## I was born … I was there ## +# I was born ... I was there This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## was born ## +# was born -AT: "I was alive" +"I was alive" -## established ## +# established To establish something is to bring into being on a stable basis. AT: "created" or "made" -## drew the horizon ## +# when he drew a circle on the surface of the deep -This means to draw a round circle to show where the water and the sky meet when someone is looking at them. +This refers to setting a limit to how far someone in a ship at sea can see all around himself. AT: "when he marked on the ocean's surface how far a person at sea can see in every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the face of the deep ## +# the deep -"the surface of the ocean" - -## I was there ## - -"I existed" \ No newline at end of file +"the ocean" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/28.md b/pro/08/28.md index 400cf9596c..ceec996691 100644 --- a/pro/08/28.md +++ b/pro/08/28.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## established ## +# established -brought into being on a stable basis +brought into permanent being -## the skies above ## +# when the springs in the deep became fixed -As the UDB shows, this could be translated as either "skies above" or "clouds above." +This can be put into active form. AT: "when God fixed the springs in the deep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## when he made the fountains of the deep ## +# the springs in the deep -"when he made the water from the springs under the deep oceans to flow up strongly" +The ancient Hebrews thought that the ocean got its water from springs at the bottom of the sea. -## when he made limits for the sea ## +# when he made his limit for the sea -"when he created the shorelines for the oceans" +"when he created the shorelines for the oceans. The "limit for the sea" divided the oceans from the dry land. -## when he ordered where the foundations of the earth should be placed ## +# when there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry land -The "foundations of the earth" and the "limits for the sea" divided the oceans from "the land." The Hebrew word for "earth" also often means "land." \ No newline at end of file +The Hebrew word for "earth" also often means "land." + +# when there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry land + +This can be put into active form. AT: "when God set the limit for the foundations of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/30.md b/pro/08/30.md index 1cf4ee7d9e..8c75dbb861 100644 --- a/pro/08/30.md +++ b/pro/08/30.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## I was beside him ## +# I was beside him -This is still wisdom speaking. Wisdom now says she was right next to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This is still wisdom speaking. Wisdom now says she was right next to Yahweh, implying that she was his assistant in creating the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## master craftsman ## +# skilled craftsman This is a person who has trained for years to make useful things very well, like furniture or houses. -## delight ## +# delight -AT: "source of joy" or "reason to be glad" +"source of joy" or "reason to be glad" -## day after day ## +# day after day -AT: "continually" or "the whole time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is a way to express the idea of a habitual action or of a continuous condition. AT: "continually" or "the whole time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## his whole world ## +# his whole world -AT: "the whole world he created" (UDB) or "everything he created" +"the whole world he created" or "everything he created" -## mankind ## +# the sons of mankind -AT: "the people he brought into existence" (UDB) or "all human beings" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to human beings in general. AT: "the people he brought into existence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/32.md b/pro/08/32.md index c774973b4f..5c32093cf5 100644 --- a/pro/08/32.md +++ b/pro/08/32.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## And now ## +# Now -This is to focus the attention of the students to the conclusion of this lesson. +This is to focus the attention of the children to the conclusion of this lesson. -## my sons ## - -AT: "my children" or "my students" - -## listen to me ## +# listen to me This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## those who keep my ways ## +# those who keep my ways -AT: "those who do what I teach" or "the people who follow my example" +Here "my ways" represents wisdom's behavior. AT: "those who do what I teach" or "the people who follow my example" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## neglect ## +# do not neglect -"disregard" AT: "pay no attention to" or "do not follow" +"do not disregard" AT: "be sure to pay attention to" or "be sure to follow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## The one who ## +# watching every day at my doors, waiting beside the posts of my doors -"The person who" or "He who" - -## watching every day at my gates; waiting for me beside the doors of my home ## - -These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of "watching" are 1) a wise person waits for wisdom to come home to learn more 2) a wise person is at wisdom's house to be close to her and learn all the time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of "watching" are 1) a wise person waits outside wisdom's home in the morning in order to serve her, or 2) a wise person waits outside wisdom's house for her to come and teach him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/35.md b/pro/08/35.md index 1a6dd58637..956da43250 100644 --- a/pro/08/35.md +++ b/pro/08/35.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## finds me ... find me ... hate me ## +# finds me ... hate me -This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# he who fails + +The complete thought is, "he who fails to find me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his own life + +Here "life" represents the person's self. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/08/intro.md b/pro/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1955654a40 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 8 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. These chapters operate more as a unit then many of the following chapters in this book. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wisdom calls out ##### + +The addressee of this chapter is broader than "my son," but is personal like the previous chapters' use of "my son". In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5-7. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/09/01.md b/pro/09/01.md index 763cc93418..8340702756 100644 --- a/pro/09/01.md +++ b/pro/09/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Wisdom ## +# General Information: -The writer speaks about "wisdom" as if it were a woman who built her house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +These verses begin a parable in which wisdom is imagined to be a woman who is giving good advice to people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## her animals ## +# Wisdom has built -AT: "meat" or "animal meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The writer speaks about wisdom as if it were a woman who has built her own house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## mixed her wine ## +# She has slaughtered her animals -In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. AT: "prepared her drinks" +This refers to animals whose meat will be eaten in the dinner that Wisdom will give. AT: "She has killed the animals for meat at dinner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## she has set her table ## +# mixed her wine -"she has prepared her table" AT: "she has put the whole dinner on her table" \ No newline at end of file +In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. AT: "prepared her wine by mixing it with water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# she has set her table + +"she has prepared her table" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/09/03.md b/pro/09/03.md index f52b1a2be4..12b1f547dd 100644 --- a/pro/09/03.md +++ b/pro/09/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## She has sent out ## +# General Information: -The word "she" refers to Wisdom, which is compared to a woman from [Proverbs 9:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +These verses begin to give the message of Wisdom, who is personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## invitations ## +# She has sent out her maids -These invitations were either verbal messages that the maids were supposed to recite, or they were written letters addressed to the people wisdom wanted to invite. +These maids went out and invited people to come to the feast that Wisdom had prepared. -## her maids ## +# her maids -Young women or girls, in the service of a respectable, adult woman, like wisdom. +Young women or girls who are in the service of a respectable, adult woman, such as Wisdom. -## she calls out ## +# she calls out "she proclaims" or "she summons" AT: "she loudly recites her invitation" -## those who are unaught … those who do not have good judgment ## +# the highest points of the city -These two phrases describe the same group of people, namely people who need more wisdom in their lives. +The invitation is shouted from the highest points so that it will be best heard by all the people. -## who are not taught ## +# Who is naive? Let ... the one lacking good sense -This does not mean people who did not go to school, but people who do not yet know how to live. "who are young and naïve" +These two phrases describe the same group of people, those who need more wisdom in their lives. Here the question is addressed to all such people. AT: "Anyone who is naive, let ... anyone lacking good sense" -## come in here ## +# is naive -AT: "come into my house" or "are welcome in my house" +"is inexperienced or immature" -## do not have good judgement ## +# turn aside here -AT: "lacks wisdom" or "do not have common sense" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"leave his path and come into my house" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/09/05.md b/pro/09/05.md index 0c961d3b13..bedf9f8603 100644 --- a/pro/09/05.md +++ b/pro/09/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## my food ... I have mixed ## +# General Information: -This is still wisdom speaking like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +These verses continue the message of Wisdom. -## the wine I have mixed ## +# Come ... eat ... drink ... Leave ... live ... walk -In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. AT: "the drinks that I have prepared". +All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. -## your untaught ways ## +# the wine I have mixed -"your naïve ways" AT: "your young and naïve way of living" +In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. AT: "prepared her wine by mixing it with water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the way of understanding ## +# Leave your naive actions -AT: "the way of living that is full of understanding" or "the manner of living that shows you have understanding" \ No newline at end of file +Here naive actions are spoken of as if they were a place that a person could leave. AT: "Stop your naive behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# naive actions + +"inexperienced, immature actions" + +# the path of understanding + +Here the process of understanding wisdom is spoken of as if it were a path that a person could follow. AT: "the manner of living that a wise person has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/09/07.md b/pro/09/07.md index 8f026fc54a..cb2bded1c6 100644 --- a/pro/09/07.md +++ b/pro/09/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## Whoever corrects ... whoever reproves ... ## +# General Information: -These two phrases basically say the same thing and are repeated to show how hopeless this action is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These verses continue the message of Wisdom. -## a mocker ## +# Whoever disciplines ... whoever rebukes -Someone who constantly mocks people. AT: "someone who says insulting things about other people" (UDB) or "someone who likes to make other people look bad" +These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## abuse ## +# a mocker -the act of treating someone harshly +Someone who habitually mocks people. AT: "someone who says insulting things about other people" or "someone who likes to make other people look bad" -## reproves ## +# receives abuse -gently corrects someone +"receives harsh treatment" -## Give instruction to a wise man ... teach a righteous man ... ## +# whoever rebukes -These two phrases basically say the same thing and are repeated to show how hopeful this action is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"whoever corrects" + +# Do not reprove + +"Do not correct" + +# Give to a wise person, and he ... teach a righteous person, and he + +These two commands actually represent conditional statements. AT: "If you give to a wise person, he ... if you teach a righteous person, he" + +# Give to a wise person ... teach a righteous person + +These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Give to a wise person + +This refers to giving instruction to a wise person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/09/10.md b/pro/09/10.md index 13d5d3f27a..d947647629 100644 --- a/pro/09/10.md +++ b/pro/09/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## The fear of Yahweh ## +# General Information: + +These verses finish the message of Wisdom. + +# The fear of Yahweh See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md). -## through me your days will be multiplied ## +# through me your days will be multiplied -AT: "I will multiply your days" or "I will cause you to live many more days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This may be put into active form. AT: "I will multiply your days" or "I will cause you to live many more days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## through me ## +# through me -"through wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Wisdom, personified as a woman, continues to speak here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## your days will be multiplied and years added to your life ## +# your days will be multiplied, and years of life will be added to you These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are used to emphasize the great benefits wisdom has. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## years added to your life ## +# years of life will be added to you -AT: "I will add years to your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Wisdom speaks of years of life as if they were physical objects. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will add years of life to you" or "I will add years to your life" or "I will enable you to live longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## If you are wise ... but if you mock ... ## +# If you are wise ... and if you mock -These two statements are presented as opposite situations. People are either wise, or are mockers. \ No newline at end of file +These two statements seem to mean that wise people gain advantages for themselves because of their wisdom, and mockers suffer because of their behavior. + +# you will carry it + +This speaks of the consequence of one's bad behavior as if it were a heavy load that one had to carry on his back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/09/13.md b/pro/09/13.md index 7ba0d57929..d30f673bf4 100644 --- a/pro/09/13.md +++ b/pro/09/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## she is untaught and she knows nothing ## +# General Information: -Both of these expressions basically mean the same thing and are repeated to show how useless the foolish woman is. AT: "she does not know anything at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These verses begin to describe foolishness, which is also personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## she is untaught ## +# The woman of foolishness -AT: "she lacks experience" or "she is young and naïve" +It is possible to translate "foolishness" as a description such as "A foolish woman." However, if a language allows wisdom to be personified, as in the previous part of this chapter, it may also allow foolishness to be personified. AT: "The woman Foolishness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## people walking straight on their way ## +# she is untaught and knows nothing -"people who make their ways straight" AT: "people who walk straight on the way to life" or "people who live a righteous life" \ No newline at end of file +These two expressions basically mean the same thing, which is repeated to show how useless the foolish woman is. AT: "she does not know anything at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# she is untaught + +"she has not learned from experience" or "she is young and naive" + +# walking straight on their way + +This seems to be an idiom for "thinking only of their own affairs" or "minding their own business." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/09/16.md b/pro/09/16.md index 3ab22b1099..e0ea719ffa 100644 --- a/pro/09/16.md +++ b/pro/09/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## those who are untaught ## +# is naive -AT: "those who lack experience" or "those who have not learned" +"is inexperienced or immature" -## she says ## +# turn aside here + +"leave his path and come here" + +# she says This is the foolish woman who was introduced in [Proverbs 9:13](./13.md). -## those who have no sense ## +# those who have no sense -AT: "those who do not have wisdom" or "those who are not wise" +"those who do not have wisdom" or "those who are not wise" -## Stolen waters are sweet, and bread bread eaten in secret is pleasant ## +# Stolen waters are sweet, and bread of secrecy is delicious -The foolish woman speaks of the pleasure of stolen bread and water to tell men that sex with her is pleasurable. This can be stated clearly in a simile: "You can enjoy me just like you enjoy bread or water that you have stolen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The foolish woman speaks of the pleasure of stolen waters and bread of secrecy to tell men that if they sleep with her, they will have pleasure. This can be stated clearly in a simile: "You can enjoy me just as you enjoy water that you have stolen or bread that is secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that the dead are there ## +# that the dead are there "that the men who have gone to her are now dead" -## in the depths of sheol ## +# in the depths of Sheol -This here refers to the grave (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Sheol" refers to the world of the dead. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/09/intro.md b/pro/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a60c87b9ae --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 9 concludes a collection of proverbs that operate as a unit about wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Wisdom calls out ##### + +The addressee of chapters 8 and 9 is broader than "my son," but is personal like the previous chapters' use of "my son." In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/01.md b/pro/10/01.md index 4dfe85fd39..01fbebe5dd 100644 --- a/pro/10/01.md +++ b/pro/10/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + Many verses in Chapter 10 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## The proverbs of Solomon ## +# The proverbs of Solomon After the introduction of Chapters 1-9, Chapter 10 begins the collection of the proverbs; short sayings that teach wisdom. -## accumulated ## +# accumulated acquired over time -## Yahweh does not let those who do what is right to go hungry ## +# Yahweh does not let the soul of the righteous person go hungry -"Yahweh makes sure those who do what is right have food to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "soul" refers to the person. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Yahweh makes sure those who do what is right have food to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/04.md b/pro/10/04.md index 8ed222d0c0..905d8d099c 100644 --- a/pro/10/04.md +++ b/pro/10/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## A lazy hand ## +# A lazy hand -unwillingness to work (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Hand" represents the strength and ability of a person. AT: "A person unwilling to work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## hand of the diligent ## +# hand of the diligent -"a person who works hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Hand" represents the strength and ability of a person. AT: "person who works hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/06.md b/pro/10/06.md index f2ffe2afcd..9797a05cf3 100644 --- a/pro/10/06.md +++ b/pro/10/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## mouth of the wicked ## +# are upon the head -"words the wicked speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The "head" represents the whole person. AT: "are given to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## covers up ## +# mouth of the wicked -hides the truth \ No newline at end of file +The "mouth" represents what a person says. AT: "words the wicked speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# covers up + +hides the truth + +# name + +The word "name" represents a person's reputation. AT: "memory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/08.md b/pro/10/08.md index 84dafd1c91..6521528aae 100644 --- a/pro/10/08.md +++ b/pro/10/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## crooked ## +# come to ruin + +"be destroyed" or "be made useless" + +# crooked not straight; deformed; dishonest; deceitful \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/10.md b/pro/10/10.md index 6b2669c926..96113345d8 100644 --- a/pro/10/10.md +++ b/pro/10/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## the mouth of one ## +# He who winks the eye -"the words of a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Winking the eye" represents a secretive sign for being cruel to someone else. AT: "He who makes a signal with a gesture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## is a fountain of life ## +# will be thrown down -"is life-giving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +A person who is ruined is spoken of as if he were thrown down. AT: "others will ruin him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the mouth of the wicked ## +# The mouth of the righteous -"the words of a wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "mouth" represents what a persons says. AT: "The speech of a righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the righteous + +This refers to righteous people in general. AT: "righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# is a water spring of life + +This person's speech is spoken of as if it preserved living animals or people, as a water spring would do in a dry land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the mouth of the wicked covers up violence + +That is, the wicked person appears to say harmless things, but plans to violent things against other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the mouth of the wicked + +Here "mouth" represents what a persons says. AT: "the speech of a wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the wicked + +This refers to wicked people in general. AT: "wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/12.md b/pro/10/12.md index 5034c1365d..7f95728a7d 100644 --- a/pro/10/12.md +++ b/pro/10/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## covers over ## +# love covers over -"provides payment for" or "forgives" +Love acts like a person who quiets trouble between people instead of stirring it up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## on the lips of a discerning person ## +# on the lips of a discerning person -"in what a sensible person says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Lips" represents what a person says. AT: "in what a sensible person says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a rod is for the back + +"Rod" represents strong, physical punishment and "the back" represents the person who receives the punishment. AT: "a person who has no sense needs forceful punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/14.md b/pro/10/14.md index 2e3a7eec6d..4db0eb4db2 100644 --- a/pro/10/14.md +++ b/pro/10/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the mouth of a fool ## +# the mouth of a fool -"the words from a foolish person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Mouth" represents what a person says. AT: "the words from a foolish person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## destruction ## +# his fortified city -severe damage \ No newline at end of file +This represents wealth as a safe place. AT: "his safety" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/16.md b/pro/10/16.md index 04ea3e5259..522a5b1f2f 100644 --- a/pro/10/16.md +++ b/pro/10/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## The wage...the profit ## +# The wage ... the profit -These terms normally refer to a worker and the money he earns. Here it refers to the results of either doing what is right or doing what is wrong. +These terms normally refer to the money a worker earns. Here they represents the results of either doing what is right or doing what is wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## There is a path to life for the one who follows discipline ## +# There is a path to life for the one who follows discipline -"The person who listens to wise instruction will have a long and happy life" +"The person who obeys wise instruction will have a long and happy life" -## but the one who rejects a reproof is led astray ## +# but the one who rejects correction is led astray -AT: "but the one who does not listen to wise instruction will not have a good life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## reproof ## - -This is a correction or rebuke someone gives to another who is doing something bad. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but the one who does not obey wise instruction will not have a good life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/18.md b/pro/10/18.md index d54738cb4e..137d1fd127 100644 --- a/pro/10/18.md +++ b/pro/10/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## has lying lips ## +# has lying lips -tells lies (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Lips" represent what a person says. AT: "tells lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## transgression is not lacking ## +# transgression is not lacking -there is much sin (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. AT: "there is much sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/20.md b/pro/10/20.md index b025d0fe3a..398beb5b9b 100644 --- a/pro/10/20.md +++ b/pro/10/20.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## The tongue of him who does right ## +# The tongue of the righteous person -"The things a righteous person says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Tongue" represents what a person says. AT: "Whatever a righteous person says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## is pure silver ## +# is pure silver -"is valuable like pure silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Silver" represents valuable sayings. AT: "is extremely valuable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the lips of the one who does right ## +# The lips of the righteous -"the wise sayings of a righteous man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Lips" represents what a person says. AT: "The sayings of a righteous man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## nourish ## +# nourish cause them to develop or grow stronger \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/22.md b/pro/10/22.md index e4ee3372f8..6cba79ee96 100644 --- a/pro/10/22.md +++ b/pro/10/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## game ## +# Wickedness is a game a fool plays -a physical or mental activity people do for pleasure \ No newline at end of file +A game is an activity people do for pleasure. AT: "Fools find pleasure in wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/24.md b/pro/10/24.md index 273ad80296..87d9ab99a3 100644 --- a/pro/10/24.md +++ b/pro/10/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## overtake ## +# overtake -affect or happen to someone in a quick and unexpected way. +overcome someone -## The wicked are like the storm ## +# The wicked are like the storm -Like a storm that comes and sweeps everything away, wicked people are not safe or secure. They will be swept away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Just as storm comes and sweeps everything away so wicked people will disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# is a foundation that lasts forever + +"Foundation" represents the base or a beginning of something that people build over. AT: "is a start for something that lasts forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/26.md b/pro/10/26.md index cc212c7434..bc9b685428 100644 --- a/pro/10/26.md +++ b/pro/10/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Like vinegar on the teeth and smoke in the eyes, so is the sluggard to those who send him ## +# Like vinegar on the teeth and smoke in the eyes, so is the sluggard to those who send him -Sending a lazy person to accomplish a task is irritating and unpleasant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"Vinegar" and "smoke" represent things that hurt a person's teeth and eyes. AT: "Sending a lazy person to accomplish a task is irritating and unpleasant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## vinegar ## +# vinegar a sour liquid used to flavor or preserve foods -## the years of the wicked ## +# the years of the wicked -"the lifetime of the evil person" \ No newline at end of file +"Years" represent the time a person lives. AT: "the lifetime of the evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/28.md b/pro/10/28.md index 3cb9233aae..993e7d7751 100644 --- a/pro/10/28.md +++ b/pro/10/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the years of the wicked ## +# the years of wicked people -Translate as in [Proverbs 10:26](./26.md). +Here "years" represent the time a person lives. AT: "the lifetime of the evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will never be overthrown ## +# will never be overthrown -"will be secure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated as active and positive: AT: "will be secure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/31.md b/pro/10/31.md index e58d6dc76d..df28dc2ada 100644 --- a/pro/10/31.md +++ b/pro/10/31.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Out of the mouth of those doing right ## +# Out of the mouth of the righteous person -"From the righteous man's words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Mouth" represents what a person says. AT: "From the righteous man's words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the perverse tongue will be cut out ## +# the perverse tongue will be cut out -"God will shut the mouths of people who say what is not true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Tongue" represents what a person says. AT: "God will shut the mouths of people who say what is false" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## lips of those who do right know what is acceptable ## +# lips of the righteous person know what is acceptable -"righteous people know what to say that is acceptable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Lips" represent what a person says. AT: "righteous person knows how to speak acceptably" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## mouth of the wicked ## +# mouth of the wicked -"the words of the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Mouth" represents what a person says. AT: "the words of the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/10/intro.md b/pro/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..949757ffd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/01.md b/pro/11/01.md index 333b56c5ae..192c57af77 100644 --- a/pro/11/01.md +++ b/pro/11/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Many verses in Chapter 11 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Yahweh ## +# Yahweh hates scales that are not accurate -"God hates deceiving scales" or "God hates it when people are deceitful" +"Scales" represent measuring accurately in negotiating. AT: "God hates deceiving scales" or "God hates it when people are deceitful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but he delights in a precise weight ## +# but he delights in a precise weight -"but he delights in honest ways" or "but he is happy when people are honest" - -## When pride comes then comes disgrace ## - -"When a person is full of pride then he will suffer shame" - -## but with humility comes wisdom ## - -"but when a person is humble, he is wise" \ No newline at end of file +"Precise weight" represents accuracy in negotiating. AT: "but he delights in honest ways" or "but he is happy when people are honest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/03.md b/pro/11/03.md index c0cd14192f..682541c0aa 100644 --- a/pro/11/03.md +++ b/pro/11/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## the upright ## +# the treacherous -See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 3:31](../03/31.md). +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "treacherous people" or "those who are treacherous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## crooked ways of the treacherous ## +# Wealth is worthless on the day of wrath -AT: "evil ways of those who deceive" - -## Wealth is worthless on the day of wrath ## - -AT: "money is useless when God will judge" \ No newline at end of file +The "day of wrath" represents a specific event, such as the "day of Yahweh" or "judgment day" or "last days." AT: "A person's wealth will do him no good when God comes to judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/05.md b/pro/11/05.md index c1be2b79bb..9d68db583e 100644 --- a/pro/11/05.md +++ b/pro/11/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## makes his way straight ## +# makes his way straight "has clear direction" -## the treacherous are trapped by their cravings ## +# the wicked ... the treacherous + +These nominal adjectives can be stated as adjectives. AT: "those who are wicked ... those who are treacherous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the treacherous are trapped by their cravings "those who do evil are captured by their passions" -## treacherous ## +# treacherous ready to betray trust; traitorous; deceptive \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/07.md b/pro/11/07.md index b2502afeb8..840d3de948 100644 --- a/pro/11/07.md +++ b/pro/11/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## the hope that was in his strength ## +# the hope that was in his strength "the confidence he has in his own power" -## comes to nothing ## +# comes to nothing "disappears" -## The one who does what is right is kept away from trouble ## +# The righteous person is kept away from trouble -"God keeps away from trouble the one who does what is right." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God keeps away from trouble the person who does what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## it comes ## +# it comes "trouble comes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/09.md b/pro/11/09.md index 9d25ef5e61..8ba5a1a7e8 100644 --- a/pro/11/09.md +++ b/pro/11/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## With his mouth the godless ## +# With his mouth the godless -"The words of the godless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Mouth" represents what a person says. AT: "The words of the godless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the city becomes great ## +# the city becomes great -"the city prospers" or "the city becomes prosperous" +"City" represents the community or people group. AT: "the people group prospers" or "the community becomes prosperous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## by the mouth of the wicked ## +# by the mouth of the wicked -"the words of evil people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Mouth" represents what a person says. AT: "the words of evil people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/12.md b/pro/11/12.md index 024a54a576..69e7548800 100644 --- a/pro/11/12.md +++ b/pro/11/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## keeps a matter covered ## +# keeps a matter covered -"does not tell" or "does not speak about the matter" \ No newline at end of file +"Covered" represents keeping things concealed as much as possible. AT: "does not tell" or "does not speak about the matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/14.md b/pro/11/14.md index 0f00342343..31dc77e7e6 100644 --- a/pro/11/14.md +++ b/pro/11/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## advisors ## +# advisors those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/15.md b/pro/11/15.md index d2e67aef86..32ada2af35 100644 --- a/pro/11/15.md +++ b/pro/11/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## one who hates giving ## +# one who hates giving "one who refuses to give" -## ruthless ## +# ruthless people -without pity or compassion; cruel +people without pity or compassion; cruel people -## grasp for wealth ## +# grasp for wealth "are greedy for wealth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/17.md b/pro/11/17.md index fad17ec62a..114fff5b60 100644 --- a/pro/11/17.md +++ b/pro/11/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## one who ## +# one who "a person who" -## reaps the wages of truth ## +# sows what is right -AT: "will surely be rewarded" \ No newline at end of file +To "sow" represents spreading out to gain more. AT: "spreads out what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# reaps the wages of truth + +To "reap" represents acquiring or gathering in" AT: "will surely be rewarded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/19.md b/pro/11/19.md index e1814238b3..d129a89e8f 100644 --- a/pro/11/19.md +++ b/pro/11/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the one who ## +# the one who "the person who" -## pursues ## +# pursues evil -"chases after" +"chases after evil" or "seeks to do evil" -## whose hearts are perverse ## +# whose hearts are perverse -AT: "who have wicked thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Heart" represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. AT: "who have wicked thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/21.md b/pro/11/21.md index 9347a882ac..4f72a79451 100644 --- a/pro/11/21.md +++ b/pro/11/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## will not go unpunished ## +# will not go unpunished -AT: "will be punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) +This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. AT: "will certainly be punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## Like a gold ring ... without discretion ## +# Like a gold ring ... without discretion A beautiful woman without discretion is compared to a useless and unsuitable golden ring in a pig's nose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## discretion ## +# without discretion -AT: "common sense" or "understanding" \ No newline at end of file +"without common sense" or "who is foolish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/23.md b/pro/11/23.md index bb496c0252..ed674cc90d 100644 --- a/pro/11/23.md +++ b/pro/11/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## one who sows seed ## +# one who sows seed -AT: "a person who gives generously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Sowing seed" represents preparing for the future. AT: "a person who prepares for the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## accumulate ## +# will accumulate even more -AT: "gain" +"will gain even more" -## does not sow ## +# does not sow -AT: "does not give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Sow" represents preparing for a result. AT: "does not prepare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/25.md b/pro/11/25.md index 43053a91ea..d7f141e32c 100644 --- a/pro/11/25.md +++ b/pro/11/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## will prosper ## +# will prosper -AT: "will do well" +"will gain more" -## the one who ## +# the one who -"the person who" or "anyone who" +"the generous person who" or "anyone who" -## good gifts crown the head of him who sells it ## +# the man who refuses to sell -AT: "good gifts are given as a crown of honor to him who sells it" or "the person who sells it is honored with many blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This describes the person who hoards his wealth instead of helping those in need. + +# good gifts crown the head of him who sells it + +"Crown" represents the reward or award for the person who is willing to sell grain. AT: "good gifts are given as a crown of honor to him who sells it" or "the person who sells it is honored with many blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/27.md b/pro/11/27.md index 169511baf6..6a52f297be 100644 --- a/pro/11/27.md +++ b/pro/11/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## diligently ## +# The one who diligently seeks -with careful and continued effort +the one who seeks with careful and continued effort -## will fall ## +# will fall -AT: "will be destroyed" or "awaits a bad future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. Here "fall" represents destruction or failure. AT: "will be destroyed" or "awaits a bad future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## like the leaf, those who do right will flourish ## +# like the leaf, righteous people will flourish -AT: "those who do right will prosper in the same way a healthy green leaf grows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"Leaf" represents growth and prosperity. AT: "righteous people will prosper in the same way a healthy green leaf grows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## flourish ## +# righteous people will flourish -"thrive" or "prosper" \ No newline at end of file +This means that righteous people will thrive or prosper. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/29.md b/pro/11/29.md index 720cc7cbf6..761fa1e6a9 100644 --- a/pro/11/29.md +++ b/pro/11/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## inherit the wind ## +# inherit the wind -The "wind" is something that cannot be grasped. AT: "inherit nothing." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The "wind" is something that cannot be grasped. AT: "inherit nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/30.md b/pro/11/30.md index 3eeef9ba4a..5a224e5764 100644 --- a/pro/11/30.md +++ b/pro/11/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Those who do right will be like a tree of life ## +# The righteous person will be like a tree of life A person who does what is right is compared to a tree that produces life as its fruit. AT: "Those who do right will bring life to themselves and others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## tree of life ## +# tree of life -See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:17](../03/17.md). +See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/17.md). -## how much more ## +# how much more -AT: "even more so" \ No newline at end of file +"even more so" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/11/intro.md b/pro/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9709a5fed2 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 11 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/01.md b/pro/12/01.md index 24b5947966..34a2e66aed 100644 --- a/pro/12/01.md +++ b/pro/12/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,19 @@ -The author uses [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] throughout this chapter. -15 contrast wisdom and foolishness. +# General Information: -## Whosoever ## +The author uses [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] throughout this chapter. + +# General Information: + +Verses 1-15 contrast wisdom and foolishness. + +# Whoever "Any person who" -## hates correction ## +# the one who hates correction -"does not want to be told what to do" +"the person who does not want to be told what to do" -## stupid ## +# is stupid -"foolish" or "unwise" \ No newline at end of file +"is foolish" or "is unwise" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/03.md b/pro/12/03.md index 475c721222..597d8b3c42 100644 --- a/pro/12/03.md +++ b/pro/12/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## A person cannot be established by wickedness ## +# A person cannot be established by wickedness -"No one can become safe and secure by doing what is wicked" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one can become safe and secure by doing what is wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## cannot be uprooted ## +# cannot be uprooted -"are as stable as a tree with deep roots" (UDB) (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Uprooted" represents being pulled out of the ground like a plant or a tree. This cannot happen to those who do right. AT: "are as stable as a tree with deep roots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## A worthy wife is her husband's crown ## +# A worthy wife is her husband's crown -"A good wife is a sign of honor like a crown for her husband." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +A crown represents the greatest honor a person can receive. AT: "A good wife is a sign of great honor for her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## she who brings shame is like a disease that rots his bones ## +# she who brings shame is like a disease that rots his bones -"a wife's shameful acts destroy her husband's influence and happiness like a disease destroys his bones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +A disease that rots the bones represents the spoiling of a person's life. AT: "a wife's shameful acts destroy her husband's influence and happiness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/05.md b/pro/12/05.md index 13bbdfe903..2a4f1c7a6f 100644 --- a/pro/12/05.md +++ b/pro/12/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## words ## +# The words of wicked people are an ambush waiting for a chance to kill -what people say (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The deceitful things that wicked people say in order to harm other people are spoken of as if their words are waiting to kill someone by surprise. AT: "The deceitful things wicked people say are like a person who waits to kill someone by surprise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The words of the wicked are an ambush waiting for a chance to kill ## +# the words of the upright keep them safe -"What wicked people say is like a trap that kills people who pass by" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"the advice from an upright person keeps people safe" -## the upright ## +# the upright -See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 3:31](../03/31.md). \ No newline at end of file +"the righteous person" or "the honest person" or "the just person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/07.md b/pro/12/07.md index fe6eca9f9a..060106838d 100644 --- a/pro/12/07.md +++ b/pro/12/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## The wicked are overthrown ## +# Wicked people are overthrown -"People will overthrow the wicked" or "People will remove the wicked from power" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will overthrow the wicked people" or "People will remove the wicked people from power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## house ## +# house -The term “house” is often used figuratively in the Bible to refer to a person's ancestors, descendants or other relatives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AT: "family" or "descendents." +The term "house" is often used figuratively in the Bible to refer to a person's ancestors, descendants or other relatives. AT: "family" or "descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## A person is praised by how much wisdom he has ## +# A person is praised by how much wisdom he has -"People will praise those who have wisdom" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will praise those who have wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the one who makes perverse choices is despised ## +# the one who makes perverse choices is despised -"people will hate the one who always thinks evil thoughts" or "people will hate the one who takes good things and twists them into bad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will hate the one who always thinks evil thoughts" or "people will hate the one who takes good things and twists them into bad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/09.md b/pro/12/09.md index 05d7eebaab..e130810f2c 100644 --- a/pro/12/09.md +++ b/pro/12/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Better to have an unimportant position ## +# Better to have an unimportant position "It is better to be an ordinary person" -## is cruel ## +# is cruel "causes suffering" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/11.md b/pro/12/11.md index f3acbe5c14..0654aa9fe7 100644 --- a/pro/12/11.md +++ b/pro/12/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## projects ## +# projects -"plans" +"plans" or "tasks" -## judgment ## +# fruit -"intelligence" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to a person's actions and thoughts. Just as fruit on a tree shows what kind of tree it is, in the same way a person's words and actions reveal what his character is like. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/13.md b/pro/12/13.md index 8a252836d8..c9ec6fbf55 100644 --- a/pro/12/13.md +++ b/pro/12/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## An evil person is trapped by his wicked talk ## +# An evil person is trapped by his wicked talk -"The wicked things an evil person says will trap him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Trapped" represents being caught in a snare or being tricked. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The wicked things an evil person says will trap him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## just as the work of his hands rewards him ## +# just as the work of his hands rewards him -"just as the good work he does rewards him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase, "the work of his hands" represents work done by physical labor. AT: "just as the good work he does rewards him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/15.md b/pro/12/15.md index c88beb0fb9..b3cc4c8b57 100644 --- a/pro/12/15.md +++ b/pro/12/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## in his own eyes ## +# in his own eyes -"in his own opinion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase represents the idea he has from his own observation, imagination or memory. AT: "in his own opinion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## advice ## +# advice wise suggestions -## is prudent ## +# is prudent "is wise" or "has good sense." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/17.md b/pro/12/17.md index 86c3c4207f..27dc04e6ef 100644 --- a/pro/12/17.md +++ b/pro/12/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## The words of one who speaks rashly are like the thrusts of a sword ## +# The words of one who speaks rashly are like the thrusts of a sword -"What a person says without thinking can hurt as much as if he stabbed with a sword." (See: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The phrase, "thrusts of a sword" represents cruel words that hurt another. AT: "What a person says without thinking can hurt as much as if he stabbed with a sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## the tongue of the wise ## +# the tongue of the wise -"what wise people say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Tongue" represents what a person says. AT: "what wise people say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## brings healing ## +# brings healing "comforts and heals" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/19.md b/pro/12/19.md index 2a7dea193d..9851e91a5e 100644 --- a/pro/12/19.md +++ b/pro/12/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Truthful lips last forever ## +# Truthful lips last forever -"A truthful person endures forever" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Lips" represents what a person says. AT: "A truthful person endures forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a lying tongue is only for an moment ## +# a lying tongue is only for a moment -"the one who lies lasts only for a moment" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Tongue" represents what a person says. AT: "the one who lies lasts only for a moment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## advisors ## +# advisors those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/21.md b/pro/12/21.md index 8fce630b5c..3282374e6a 100644 --- a/pro/12/21.md +++ b/pro/12/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## No ill comes ## +# No ill comes -"Good things come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +The negative, "No" cancels out the idea of "ill" (bad things that happen). AT: "Good things come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## Yahweh hates lying lips ## +# Yahweh hates lying lips -Yahweh detests those who tell lies (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## delight ## - -something that gives great pleasure \ No newline at end of file +"Lips" represents what a person says. AT: "Yahweh detests those who tell lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/23.md b/pro/12/23.md index 30e6e6c2e6..c3693e831b 100644 --- a/pro/12/23.md +++ b/pro/12/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## prudent ## - -"wise" - -## conceals his knowledge ## +# conceals his knowledge "does not tell everything he knows" -## will be subject to forced labor ## +# The hand of the diligent -"will become a slave" \ No newline at end of file +"Hand" represents what a person does -- his works. AT: "Diligent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will be put to forced labor + +"Forced labor" describes what a person must do who is not free to do what he wants. AT: "will become a slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/25.md b/pro/12/25.md index bec2e61ea9..85c6504e9f 100644 --- a/pro/12/25.md +++ b/pro/12/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Anxiety ## +# Anxiety uneasy feeling of fear or dread, worry -## weighs him down ## +# weighs him down -This phrase means to make a person sad or depressed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Weighing down" represents the idea of putting a very heavy load on a person so he cannot move freely. This phrase means to make a person sad or depressed. AT: "causes him to become sad or depressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but a good word makes him glad ## +# but a good word makes him glad -"but when others speak kindly to him, he is cheerful again" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "word" can be stated as the verb "speak." AT: "but when others speak kindly to him, he is cheerful again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/27.md b/pro/12/27.md index 72935e7cc9..0f2c9d1e85 100644 --- a/pro/12/27.md +++ b/pro/12/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## precious wealth ## +# would not roast their own game + +"Game" means animals caught and killed while hunting. And "roast" is a way of cooking food. + +# precious wealth "valuable treasure" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/12/intro.md b/pro/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..01501b95ec --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 12 continues the section of the book (Chapter 10-22) which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/01.md b/pro/13/01.md index 482de34934..5cb2792209 100644 --- a/pro/13/01.md +++ b/pro/13/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## hears ## +# A wise son hears -AT: "obeys" +Here "hears" represents listening in order to do it. AT: "A wise son obeys" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## will not listen to rebuke ## +# will not listen to rebuke -AT: "will not learn from rebuke" or "will not obey, despite rebuke" +Here "listen" represents paying attention in order to do it. AT: "will not learn from rebuke" or "will not obey, despite rebuke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## fruit of his mouth ## +# From the fruit of his mouth -AT: "words from his mouth" or "what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "fruit" represents what a person says. AT: "From the words of his mouth" or "From what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## appetite ## +# the appetite -a desire or liking for something +the desire or liking for something -## treacherous ## +# the treacherous -willing to betray or deceive you \ No newline at end of file +This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective. AT: "the treacherous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/03.md b/pro/13/03.md index 2a2b2b2fb2..6dda25df9b 100644 --- a/pro/13/03.md +++ b/pro/13/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## his mouth ## +# his mouth -AT: "what he says" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "mouth" represents what a person says. AT: "what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## opens wide his lips ## +# opens wide his lips -AT: "speaks a lot" or "talks too much" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Opening the lips represents speaking, and opening them wide represents speaking too often or too much. AT: "speaks a lot" or "talks too much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## appetite ## +# The appetite ... the appetite -See how you translated this in [Proverbs 13:1](./01.md). +See how you translated this in [Proverbs 13:2](./01.md). -## craves ## +# craves but gets nothing -"strongly desires" +"strongly desires but gets nothing" -## the appetite of the diligent will be richly satisfied ## +# the appetite of diligent people will be richly satisfied -AT: "the diligent will have a richly satisfied life" or "being diligent will make you richly satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "appetite" represents desire. AT: "diligent people will have a richly satisfied life" or "being diligent will make people richly satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the diligent ## +# diligent people people who work with careful and continued effort \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/05.md b/pro/13/05.md index 4f9a7db898..06178d6c36 100644 --- a/pro/13/05.md +++ b/pro/13/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## repugnant ## +# repugnant causing a strong feeling of disgust -## faultless in their path ## +# Righteousness protects those -AT: "faultless in their way of living" or "lives a life of integrity" +"Righteousness" represents a way of life approved by Yahweh. This quality acts like a person who protects. AT: "A way of life approved by Yahweh protects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## wickedness turns away those who commit sin ## +# who are faultless in their path -"wickedness will turn sinners away from a successful path" or "wickedness ruins sinners' lives" \ No newline at end of file +Here "path" represents how a person directs his life. AT: "who are faultless in their way of living" or "who live lives of integrity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wickedness turns away those who commit sin + +Here "wickedness" represents an evil conduct of life. This quality acts like a person who turns away those who commit sin. AT: "wickedness turns sinners away from a successful path" or "wickedness ruins sinners' lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/07.md b/pro/13/07.md index f5339575fe..44bacf32a7 100644 --- a/pro/13/07.md +++ b/pro/13/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## who enriches himself ## +# who enriches himself -AT: "who makes himself rich" \ No newline at end of file +"who makes himself rich" + +# does not hear a threat + +Possible meanings are 1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or 2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. AT: "does not listen to rebuke" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/09.md b/pro/13/09.md index 2f5697126a..40c38867f7 100644 --- a/pro/13/09.md +++ b/pro/13/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## The light ... rejoices ## +# The light of righteous people rejoices -The light stands for the righteous person himself and is described as experiencing the human emotion of joy. This can also be expressed as a simile, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The light stands for the influence of righteous people and is described as experiencing the human emotion of joy. This can also be expressed as a simile as it is by the UDB. AT: "The influence of righteous people produces joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the lamp of the wicked will be put out ## +# the lamp of wicked people will be put out -The lamp of the wicked stands for the wicked person himself. The lamp being put out means that something bad will happen to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The lamp of wicked people stands for the influence of those wicked people. The lamp being put out means their influence will stop. AT: "wicked people will lose their influence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Pride only breeds conflict ## +# Pride only breeds conflict "Pride always causes conflict" -## listen to ## +# listen to -AT: "heed" or "follow" +"heed" or "follow" -## good advice ## +# good advice -suggestions that are helpful, profitable \ No newline at end of file +suggestions that are helpful and profitable \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/11.md b/pro/13/11.md index fc6f6f38e1..1d3c154ca6 100644 --- a/pro/13/11.md +++ b/pro/13/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Wealth dwindles away ## +# Wealth dwindles away "Wealth decreases" or "Wealth slowly disappears" -## vanity ## +# working with his hand -excessive pride in one's self +The phrase "working with his hand" refers to physical work instead of only mental or other types of work. Many people give physical work a low value. AT: "working with physical strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## by working with his hand ## - -AT: "by working hard" - -## make his money grow ## +# make his money grow Money is compared to a tree that grows. AT: "make his money increase" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## When hope is postponed ## +# When hope is postponed -"When hope is delayed" or "When God delays hope" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "hope" represents the thing a person hopes for. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When a person hopes for something but does not receive it for a very long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## it breaks the heart ## +# it breaks the heart -AT: "it causes intense sadness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Breaking a person's heart represents overwhelming that person with sadness. AT: "it causes intense sadness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## tree of life ## +# a longing fulfilled is a tree of life -See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:17](../03/17.md). \ No newline at end of file +Someone receiving what they hoped for and becoming very happy is spoken of as if the fulfillment of their hope were a tree that gives life. AT: "a longing fulfilled is like a tree of life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tree of life + +"a tree that gives life" or "a tree whose fruit sustains life." See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/17.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/13.md b/pro/13/13.md index a863e986a6..b51df1179d 100644 --- a/pro/13/13.md +++ b/pro/13/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the one who honors the command will be rewarded ## +# the one who honors the command will be rewarded -AT: "They will reward the one who honors the command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will reward the one who honors the command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## fountain of life ## +# fountain of life -See how you translated this in [Proverbs 10:10](../10/10.md). +A fountain is a good source of water and here represents a source of life. AT: "a bountiful source of life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## snares of death ## +# snares of death -"traps that lead to death" \ No newline at end of file +Here "snares" represent dangers that will kill. AT: "traps that lead to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/15.md b/pro/13/15.md index af4a6965f4..5315033271 100644 --- a/pro/13/15.md +++ b/pro/13/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## treacherous ## +# but the way of the treacherous is never-ending -ready to betray you +Here a person's behavior or conduct is spoken of as if it were a way or path that a person walks. A person being ruined by their own treachery is spoken of as if they are on a way or path that never ends. AT: "but the behavior of the treacherous will cause their own destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## is never-ending ## +# the treacherous -ending** - AT: "will go on forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]). +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "the treacherous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## a fool parades his folly ## +# a fool parades his folly -AT: "a fool displays his foolishness to everyone" \ No newline at end of file +To "parade" means to display in front of everyone. AT: "a fool displays his foolishness to everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/17.md b/pro/13/17.md index ce2ab7ad3d..d244f297ce 100644 --- a/pro/13/17.md +++ b/pro/13/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## falls into trouble ## +# falls into trouble -AT: "is unreliable" or "will do something evil" +"is unreliable" or "does something evil" -## envoy ## +# envoy "messenger" or "diplomat" -## learns from correction ## +# learns from correction -AT: "learns when someone corrects him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "correction" can be stated as an action. AT: "learns when someone corrects him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/19.md b/pro/13/19.md index dbbdb06d2e..bf4b25a10e 100644 --- a/pro/13/19.md +++ b/pro/13/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## is sweet ## +# is sweet -AT: "is a delight" or "brings joy" +"is a delight" or "brings joy" -## will suffer harm ## +# the appetite -AT: "will experience harm" or "will be ruined" \ No newline at end of file +the desire or liking for something + +# will suffer harm + +"will experience harm" or "will be ruined" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/21.md b/pro/13/21.md index ecfaa56e16..c9419e13c6 100644 --- a/pro/13/21.md +++ b/pro/13/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Disaster runs after sinners ## +# Disaster runs after sinners -Disaster is given human characteristics like the ability to run. AT: "Sinners have trouble wherever they go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"Disaster" is given human characteristics like the ability to run. AT: "Sinners have trouble wherever they go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## those who do right are rewarded with good ## +# righteous people are rewarded with good -"God rewards those who do right with good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God rewards righteous people with good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## his grandchildren ## +# his grandchildren -"the sons of his sons" or "the children of his children" AT: "his descendants" +"the sons of his sons" or "the children of his children" or "his descendants" -## a sinner's wealth is stored up for the one who does right ## +# a sinner's wealth is stored up for the righteous person -"the one who does right will receive the wealth that a sinner has stored up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one who does right will receive the wealth that a sinner has stored up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/23.md b/pro/13/23.md index b405363dce..182e5e9ebc 100644 --- a/pro/13/23.md +++ b/pro/13/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## An unplowed field ## +# An unplowed field -AT: "A field that is not prepared for food production" or "An empty and un-worked field" +"A field that is not prepared for food production" or "An empty field not ready for planting" -## but it is swept away by injustice ## +# but it is swept away by injustice -AT: "but injustice takes away that food" or "but unjust people take it away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Swept away" represents completely removing something. This can be stated in active from. AT: "but injustice takes away that food" or "but unjust people take the food away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## is careful to discipline him ## +# is careful to instruct him -"makes sure to discipline him" or "intents to discipline him" \ No newline at end of file +"makes sure to instruct him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/25.md b/pro/13/25.md index 12c644cfa7..2a34aaf154 100644 --- a/pro/13/25.md +++ b/pro/13/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## satisfy their appetites ## +# he satisfies his appetite -"are satisfied" or "have satisfied themselves" AT: "fulfill their desires" +"he has satisfied himself" or "he fulfills his desires" -## the stomach of the wicked is always hungry ## +# the stomach of the wicked is always hungry -AT: "the wicked person is always hungry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "stomach" represents the desires of a person. AT: "the wicked person is always hungry for more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/13/intro.md b/pro/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4bebbbbdf9 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/01.md b/pro/14/01.md index d52895609f..4bb43c7bf4 100644 --- a/pro/14/01.md +++ b/pro/14/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,27 @@ -## builds her house ## +# builds her house -"builds up her house" AT: "keeps her house safe" or "makes her house better" +"builds up her house" or "makes her house better" -## tears it down with her own hands ## +# house -AT: "destroys her own house with her own hands" +Possible meanings are 1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or 2) this may refer to her family. -## with her own hands ## +# with her own hands -AT: "by herself" or "by the way she behaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The woman is represented by her "hands." AT: "by herself" or "by the way she behaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## The one who ... the one who ## +# The one who ... the one who -AT: "The person who ... the person who" +"The person who ... the person who" -## walks uprightly ## +# walks uprightly -AT: "walks in a just and honest way" +"Walks" represents the conduct of life. AT: "conducts his life in a just and honest way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## dishonest ## +# despises -saying things that are not true, often with the intent to deceive +"grossly disrespects" or "indicates he hates" -## despises ## +# in his ways despises him -AT: "grossly disrespects" or "indicates he hates" - -## in his ways despises him ## - -The word "his" refers to the dishonest man and "him" refers to Yahweh. - -## his ways ## - -AT: "his way of living" \ No newline at end of file +The word "his" refers to the dishonest man and "him" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/03.md b/pro/14/03.md index b90be89f72..e7957999d1 100644 --- a/pro/14/03.md +++ b/pro/14/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## the mouth of ... the lips of ## +# the mouth of ... the lips of The mouth and the lips both refer to what a person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a fool ## +# an offshoot of his pride -AT: "a foolish person" or "an immoral person" +An offshoot is something that grows out of something else. AT: "what his pride produces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## an offshoot of his pride ## +# the wise -An offshoot is something that grows out of something else. AT: "what his pride produces" +This word is actually a plural. "the wise men" or "wise people" -## the wise ## - -This word is actually a plural. AT: "the wise men" or "wise people" - -## will preserve them ## +# will preserve them "will keep them from harm" or "will keep them safe" -## the feeding trough ## +# the feeding trough -the container in which you put the food for animals +A "trough" is a container in which you put the food for animals. -## an abundant crop ## +# an abundant crop "a good harvest" -## by the strength of an ox ## +# by the strength of an ox -AT: "because of the work an ox does" \ No newline at end of file +"Strength" represents the strong work an ox can do. AT: "because of the work an ox does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/05.md b/pro/14/05.md index cad82c08f2..4fab19ce1f 100644 --- a/pro/14/05.md +++ b/pro/14/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## breathes out lies ## +# breathes out lies -See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:17](../06/17.md). +This figure of speech uses "breathes" to refer to lying constantly. AT: "constantly lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/17.md). -## and there is none ## +# and there is none -"and it is not there" AT: "but he will not find it" (UDB) +"and wisdom is not there" or "but he will not find wisdom" -## comes easy to ## +# comes easy to -AT: "is easily found by" +"is easily found by" or "acquires without difficulty" -## the one who is discerning ## +# the one who is discerning -"the one who is wise" AT: "a person who has understanding" \ No newline at end of file +"the one who is wise" or "a person who has understanding" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/07.md b/pro/14/07.md index c09ac4c6db..042d7e1e79 100644 --- a/pro/14/07.md +++ b/pro/14/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## on his lips ## +# on his lips -AT: "on him" or "with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "lips" represents what a person says. AT: "from his speech" or "with his comments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the prudent ## +# the prudent a person who has good judgment or sense -## his own way ## +# his own way -AT: "himself" or "how he lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "way" represents the conduct of life of a person. AT: "his conduct" or "how he lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the folly of fools is deception ## +# the folly of fools is deception The foolishness of fools is that they think they are wise, when they are not. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/09.md b/pro/14/09.md index 28769803c6..f9bc991b0f 100644 --- a/pro/14/09.md +++ b/pro/14/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## when the guilt offering is sacrificed ## +# when the guilt offering is sacrificed "at guilt" or "at the guilt offering" The meaning behind this phrase is that fools do not apologize to God or men for the things they do wrong. -## the upright ## +# but among the upright favor is shared -See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 3:31](../03/31.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but the upright enjoy favor together" or "but God's favor is experienced together among the upright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## but among the upright favor is shared ## - -AT: "but the upright enjoy favor together" or "but God's favor is experienced together among the upright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## bitterness ## +# bitterness "sorrow" or "sadness" -## no stranger ## +# no stranger -"no one else" \ No newline at end of file +"those who do not know him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/11.md b/pro/14/11.md index 7837b232a0..59cf2d7640 100644 --- a/pro/14/11.md +++ b/pro/14/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## the tent ## +# the tent -AT: "the household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "tent" represents everything that happens within it. AT: "the household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the upright ## +# flourish -See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 3:31](../03/31.md). +The word "flourish" means vigorous blooming of flowers and so represents anything that grows strongly. AT: "to do well and last long" or "to be healthy" or "to be very successful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## flourish ## +# There is a way that seems right to a man -AT: "to do well and last long" or "to be healthy" or "to be very successful" - -## There is a way that seems right to a man ## - -AT: "People think that the way they are living is the right way" \ No newline at end of file +The word "way" represents the conduct of life a person follows. AT: "People think that the way they are living is the right way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/13.md b/pro/14/13.md index d2287d1d2c..cd084763bb 100644 --- a/pro/14/13.md +++ b/pro/14/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## be in pain ## +# A heart can laugh + +The word "heart" represents a person's feelings, attitudes and motivations. AT: "A person's feelings can show laughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be in pain "experience pain" or "hurt" -## grief ## +# The one who -sorrow, sadness +"The person who" -## The one who ## +# what his ways deserve -AT: "The person who" +The word "ways" represents a person's conduct of life. AT: "what he deserves, based on how he lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## what his ways deserve ## +# what is his -AT: "what he deserves, based on how he lived" - -## what is his ## - -AT: "what belongs to him" or "what he has a right to" \ No newline at end of file +"what belongs to him" or "what he has a right to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/15.md b/pro/14/15.md index 3a0d4b1b09..e7d9ea1e47 100644 --- a/pro/14/15.md +++ b/pro/14/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the one who has not been taught ## +# naive -"the simple" or "the naïve" AT: "the person who has not learned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"inexperienced, immature" -## prudent ## +# his steps -See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md). +Here the idea of footsteps represents a person's behavior. AT: "his actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## confidently dismisses ## +# turns away from evil + +Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place. AT: "avoids doing evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# confidently dismisses "boldly ignores" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/17.md b/pro/14/17.md index 0ebd8428e7..98551e8176 100644 --- a/pro/14/17.md +++ b/pro/14/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## One who ## - -AT: "A person who" - -## is quick to become angry ## +# is quick to become angry "becomes angry quickly" -## untaught ## +# naive -AT: "young and naïve" +"inexperienced, immature" -## inherit foolishness ## +# inherit foolishness -AT: "will only have foolishness" or "will always be foolish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "inherit" represents having permanent possession of something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the prudent ## +# foolishness -"the wise" AT: "prudent men" +The word "foolishness" is an abstract noun that represents foolish thinking and foolish actions. -## are surrounded by knowledge ## +# prudent people -AT: "always have the knowledge they need available" \ No newline at end of file +"wise people" + +# are crowned with knowledge + +Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were a beautiful ornament worn on one's head, such as a turban with jewels. AT: "wear knowledge as a turban" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/19.md b/pro/14/19.md index 23ce78867f..b72e1679fc 100644 --- a/pro/14/19.md +++ b/pro/14/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## at the gates of the righteous ## +# bow down -"at the door of the righteous person." This means the wicked will have to wait outside of the righteous person's house and beg to enter. +This means to bend over to humbly express respect and submission toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## The poor person is hated even by his own companions ## +# at the gates of the righteous -AT: "Everyone hates the poor person even his own neighbors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "gates" represents an entrance to meet with another. This means the wicked will have to wait for the righteous person and beg to enter his presence. AT: "to meet with the righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The poor person is hated even by his own companions + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Everyone hates the poor person even his own neighbors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/21.md b/pro/14/21.md index acf1ce754b..0c4c276975 100644 --- a/pro/14/21.md +++ b/pro/14/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## The one … the one ## +# The one ... the one -AT: "The person … the person" +"The person ... the person" -## the poor ## +# the poor "poor people" -## Do not those who plot evil go astray? ## +# Do not those who plot evil go astray? -The implicit answer to this question is "yes". AT: "Those who plot evil will go astray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The assumed answer to this question is "yes". AT: "Those who plot evil will go astray." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## who plot evil ## +# who plot evil -AT: "who make evil plans" or "who make plans to do evil things" +"who make evil plans" or "who make plans to do evil things" -## will receive covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness ## +# those who plan to do good will receive covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness -AT: "will receive God's covenant faithfulness and enjoy his trustworthiness" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be stated as "faithful" and "trustworthy." AT: "God will show himself to be trustworthy and faithful to his covenant to those who plan to do what is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/23.md b/pro/14/23.md index d07f5b8835..e35fdaec03 100644 --- a/pro/14/23.md +++ b/pro/14/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## but when there is only talk ## +# but when there is only talk -AT: "but if you only talk" or "but when all you do is talking" +"but if you only talk" or "but when all a person does is talking" -## The crown of the wise ## +# The crown of wise people -AT: "The reward of the wise" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "crown" represents the highest achievement possible and visible to all. AT: "The reward of wise people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the folly of fools ## +# the folly of fools -See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 14:7](./07.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 14:8](./07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/25.md b/pro/14/25.md index e56f7ac8b6..dcc64469a9 100644 --- a/pro/14/25.md +++ b/pro/14/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## breathes out lies ## +# breathes out lies -See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:17](../06/17.md). \ No newline at end of file +This figure of speech uses "breathes" to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/17.md). AT: "constantly lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/26.md b/pro/14/26.md index 4551aa5fd4..ae7d26d2ea 100644 --- a/pro/14/26.md +++ b/pro/14/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## fountain of life ## +# fountain of life -AT: "source of life" +A "fountain" is a bountiful source of water and represents here the source of life. AT: "source of life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## snare ## +# from the snares of death -a sort of trap used to hunt animals \ No newline at end of file +A "snare" is a sort of trap used to hunt animals and represents something tricky and dangerous that will kill. AT: "from the trap that will kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/28.md b/pro/14/28.md index ec3bfa5c73..a3737c154a 100644 --- a/pro/14/28.md +++ b/pro/14/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the great number of his people ## +# the great number of his people -AT: "how many people he rules" +"how many people he rules" -## the prince is ruined ## +# the prince is ruined -AT: "the prince has nothing and his kingdom will fall" +"the prince has nothing and his kingdom will fall" -## the quick-tempered ## +# the quick-tempered -tempered** - a person who is quick to become angry \ No newline at end of file +a person who is quick to become angry \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/30.md b/pro/14/30.md index cc568ec40e..968e32e9b0 100644 --- a/pro/14/30.md +++ b/pro/14/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## A tranquil heart ## +# A tranquil heart -AT: "A peaceful mindset" or "a mind that is at peace" +"A peaceful mindset" or "An attitude that is at peace" -## rots the bones ## +# rots the bones -Causes a person to be unhealthy in body and spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "rots" represents the decay of a person and "bones" represents the whole person. AT: "causes a person to be unhealthy in body and spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The one who ... the one who ## +# The one who ... the one who "The person who ... the person who" -## the poor ... the needy ## +# curses + +This means to express a desire that bad things will happen to someone. + +# the poor ... the needy "a poor person ... a needy person" -## shows favor to ## +# shows favor to -AT: "is kind to" or "helps" \ No newline at end of file +"is kind to" or "helps" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/32.md b/pro/14/32.md index b0701caf09..5453fe9b1a 100644 --- a/pro/14/32.md +++ b/pro/14/32.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## brought down ## +# is brought down by his evil actions -"pushed over" AT: "destroyed" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "evil actions push over" or "evil actions destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Wisdom rests in the heart ## +# Wisdom rests in the heart -AT: "Wisdom is found in the heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "heart" represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. AT: "Wisdom is in the attitude" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the heart ## - -AT: "with" or "by" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## the discerning ## +# the discerning "a discerning person" -## she lets herself be known ## +# she lets herself be known -AT: "she makes sure people know her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "she makes sure people know her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## she ## +# she The word "she" refers to wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/34.md b/pro/14/34.md index 43fc754c00..adad1231e2 100644 --- a/pro/14/34.md +++ b/pro/14/34.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## disgrace ## +# disgrace -"shame" +"bring shame upon" -## prudently ## +# prudently "wisely" -## the one who ## +# the one who -AT: "the servant who" \ No newline at end of file +"the servant who" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/14/intro.md b/pro/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..63e1f8533d --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/01.md b/pro/15/01.md index e0b3eb5fdc..244856a690 100644 --- a/pro/15/01.md +++ b/pro/15/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## A gentle answer ## +# A gentle answer turns away wrath -"A tender answer" AT: "a friendly answer" +Causing a person to stop being angry is spoken of as if it were turning that person's wrath away. AT: "Answering a person gently will calm that person's wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a harsh word stirs up anger ## +# but a harsh word stirs up anger -AT: "an offensive word causes anger" or "a painful word makes a person angry" +Causing a person to become more angry is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening anger. AT: "but speaking harshly causes that person to become more angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The tongue of the wise compliments ## +# The tongue of wise people compliments knowledge -"The tongue of wise people compliments" AT: "Wise people compliment" or "When wise people speak they compliment" ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "tongue" refers to the person who speaks. AT: "Wise people compliment knowledge when they speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## compliments knowledge ## +# compliments knowledge -"treats knowledge well" or "does good to knowledge" +"makes knowledge attractive" or "uses knowledge correctly" -## knowledge ## +# the mouth of fools pours out folly -This refers to both information and to the process of learning and teaching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) - -## the mouth of fools ## - -AT: "fools" or "foolish people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of fools' mouths as if they were containers and of folly as if it were the liquid that filled them. When fools speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word "mouth" represents those who speak. AT: "fools are always speaking folly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/03.md b/pro/15/03.md index 364b9edd18..695232f6bd 100644 --- a/pro/15/03.md +++ b/pro/15/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## The eyes of Yahweh are everywhere ## +# The eyes of Yahweh are everywhere -AT: "Yahweh sees everything" (UDB) (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "eyes" represents Yahweh and emphasizes his ability to see everything. AT: "Yahweh sees everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the evil and the good ## +# the evil and the good -"evil people and good people" AT: "everyone" +The words "evil" and "good" refer to people. AT: "evil people and good people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## A healing tongue ## +# A healing tongue is a tree of life -AT: "Healing words" or "Kind speech" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "tongue" refers to speech. The writer speaks of the words of a person who says things that help and encourage others as if they were a tree that provides life-giving nourishment. AT: "Kind words are like a tree that gives life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## is a tree of life ## +# a deceitful tongue crushes the spirit -AT: "is like a tree of life" or "is as spiritually healthy as a tree of life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -## a deceitful tongue ## - -AT: "a lying tongue" or "lying" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## crushes the spirit ## - -AT: "causes pain and hopelessness" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "a deceitful tongue" refers to speech that is deceitful or hurtful. The writer speaks of a person being hurt or in despair as if that person's spirit were an object that words have crushed. AT: "deceitful speech causes a person to despair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/05.md b/pro/15/05.md index f070303a5e..9c31c8dd9a 100644 --- a/pro/15/05.md +++ b/pro/15/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## correction ## +# he who learns from correction -AT: "being corrected" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The word "correction" can be translated as a verb. AT: "he who learns when someone corrects him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## prudent ## +# prudent "wise" -## great treasure ## +# the earnings of the wicked person give -AT: "a lot of wealth" - -## the earnings ## - -AT: "the earned wealth" or "the produce" or "the revenue" \ No newline at end of file +The word "earnings" can be translated as a verbal phrase. AT: "the wealth that a wicked person earns gives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/07.md b/pro/15/07.md index 87944aadd7..5a04cdd69d 100644 --- a/pro/15/07.md +++ b/pro/15/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## The lips of the wise scatter knowledge about ## +# The lips of wise people scatter knowledge about -AT: "Wise men spread knowledge everywhere by what they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "lips" represents what wise people say. The writer speaks of knowledge as if it were seeds that wise people scatter around when they speak. AT: "The speech of wise people spreads knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## not so the hearts of fools ## +# not so the hearts of fools -AT: "but the hearts of fools do not scatter knowledge about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the word "hearts" is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. AT: "fools do not scatter knowledge about" or 2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with "hearts" being a metonym for the thoughts. AT: "fools do not understand knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the hearts of fools ## +# upright people -AT: "fools" or "foolish people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"people who live rightly" -## Yahweh hates the sacrifices of the wicked ## +# is his delight -AT: "Yahweh hates it when wicked people sacrifice to him" or "Yahweh hates it when the wicked worship him" - -## the upright ## - -See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 3:31](../03/31.md). - -## is his delight ## - -AT: "pleases him" or "is Yahweh's delight" \ No newline at end of file +"pleases him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/09.md b/pro/15/09.md index 34bd7c5657..0c3392488e 100644 --- a/pro/15/09.md +++ b/pro/15/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## the one who ## +# Yahweh hates the way of wicked people -"the person who" +The lifestyles of wicked people are spoken of as if they are paths on which those people walk. AT: "Yahweh hates the way that wicked people live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## pursues what is right ## +# the one who pursues what is right -AT: "wants to do what is right" or "tries to live a righteous life" +Being diligent to live rightly is spoken of as if it were chasing after right things. AT: "the person who strives to live rightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Harsh discipline ## +# anyone who forsakes the way -"Strong discipline" AT: "Harsh corrections" +Here "the way" refers to the way of righteousness. A person who stops doing what is right is spoken of as if he has stopped walking on the correct path. AT: "anyone who stops living rightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## correction ## +# he who hates correction -AT: "being corrected" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "correction" can be translated as a verb. AT: "the person who hates it when others correct him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/11.md b/pro/15/11.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c07b7bbb62 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/15/11.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Sheol and destruction are open before Yahweh + +The words "Sheol and destruction" both refer to the place of the dead. Yahweh knowing everything about the place of the dead is spoken of as if it were open before Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh knows everything about the place where dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# how much more the hearts of the sons of mankind? + +This rhetorical question emphasizes that since Yahweh knows everything about the place of the dead, it is more obvious that he knows everything about the hearts of men. AT: "so he certainly knows the hearts of the sons of mankind!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the hearts of the sons of mankind + +Here the word "hearts" represents the thoughts and motivations. The phrase "the sons of mankind" is an idiom for humanity. AT: "the thoughts of humans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# The mocker resents correction + +The word "correction" can be translated with a verbal form. AT: "The mocker hates when others correct him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he will not go to the wise + +It is implied that he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel or advice. AT: "he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/13.md b/pro/15/13.md index 9718684d20..8cdaf0b7ca 100644 --- a/pro/15/13.md +++ b/pro/15/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## crushes the spirit ## +# A joyful heart makes the face cheerful -See how you translated this in [Proverbs 15:3](./03.md). +Here the word "heart" represents the person. AT: "When a person is joyful, his face is cheerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the discerning ## +# crushes the spirit -"a discerning person" AT: "a wise person" +The writer speaks of a person being discouraged as if that person's spirit were an object that is crushed. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 15:4](./03.md). AT: "makes a person discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the mouth of fools ## +# The heart of the discerning -AT: "foolish people" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "heart" represents the mind and thoughts. AT: "The mind of the discerning person" or "The discerning person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## feeds folly ## +# the mouth of fools feeds on folly -AT: "add to the folly that already exists" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "mouth" represents the person. The writer speaks of fools desiring foolish things as if they ate foolish things. AT: "foolish people desire folly as if it were the food that they eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/15.md b/pro/15/15.md index 8f537cfaae..40a8572d6b 100644 --- a/pro/15/15.md +++ b/pro/15/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## miserable ## +# All the days of oppressed people are miserable -"very unhappy" or "really bad" +"Oppressed people are miserable all of their days" -## a cheerful heart has an unending feast ## +# a cheerful heart has an unending feast -This compares the joy of a cheerful attitude to the joy of a feast. AT: "the person who has a cheerful heart enjoys life as if life were an unending feast" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here the word "heart" represents the person. The writer speaks of a cheerful person enjoying life as if that person were celebrating a feast that does not end. AT: "the cheerful person enjoys life, as if he were celebrating an unending feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## an unending feast ## +# an unending feast -AT: "a feast that will continue forever" +"a feast that never ends" -## great treasure ## +# confusion -See how you translated this in [Proverbs 15:5](./05.md). - -## confusion ## - -"trouble" or "panic" \ No newline at end of file +"anxiety" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/17.md b/pro/15/17.md index 6ce3f9d8d3..0dae6e7cdf 100644 --- a/pro/15/17.md +++ b/pro/15/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## fatted calf ## +# a meal with vegetables -The fattened calf represents a delicious meal or a feast. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The vegetables represent a small meal with very little food. AT: "a small meal" or "very little food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## fatted ## +# where there is love -This means that the calf has been given extra food so that when it is killed, it will give more meat. +The word "love" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "where people love one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## with hatred ## +# a fatted calf served with hatred -Possible meanings are 1) with people who hate you (UDB) 2) with people who hate each other and constantly quarrel. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "a fatted calf that someone serves with hatred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## stirs up arguments ## +# a fatted calf -AT: "causes arguments" or "stirs up dispute" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to a calf that has been fed a lot of food so that it will become fat. Here it represents a delicious meal or a feast. AT: "a luxurious meal" or "a feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with hatred + +The word "hatred" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "where people hate one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# stirs up arguments + +Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. The abstract noun "arguments" can be stated as "argue." AT: "causes people to argue more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/19.md b/pro/15/19.md index 285646c513..52ce0654fc 100644 --- a/pro/15/19.md +++ b/pro/15/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## The path of the sluggard is like a place with a hedge of thorns ## +# The path of the sluggard ... the path of the upright -The life of a lazy person has many painful obstacles like a path overgrown with thorns. AT: "The way of the sluggard is like a hedge of thorns" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer speaks of a person's life as if it were a path on which the person walks. AT: "The life of the sluggard ... the life of the upright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the path of the upright is a built-up highway ## +# The path of the sluggard is like a place with a hedge of thorns -up highway** - The life of those who live to please God is smooth and does not have barriers or obstacles. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer compares the lifestyle of the sluggard with trying to walk through a hedge of thorns. Both cause the person to suffer pain. AT: "The life of the sluggard is like a person trying to walk through a hedge of thorns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## the upright ## +# the path of the upright is a built-up highway -See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 3:31](../03/31.md). +The writer speaks of the blessings that upright people experience in life as if they were walking on a smooth road. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## built-up highway ## +# built-up highway -up highway** - This is a road that is wide, flat, and without obstacles or potholes. - -## despises ## - -See how you translated in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md) \ No newline at end of file +This is a road that is wide, flat, and without obstacles or potholes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/21.md b/pro/15/21.md index 8f3696b42a..e20a06f50c 100644 --- a/pro/15/21.md +++ b/pro/15/21.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## a person who lacks sense ## +# the one who has understanding walks a straight path -AT: "a person without wisdom" or "a fool" +The writer speaks of a person doing the right thing as if he were walking straight ahead on a path. AT: "the person who has understanding does what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the one who ## +# Plans go wrong -"the person who" +"Plans fail" -## walks a straight path ## +# where there is no advice -Walking a path is a metaphor for a way of living. A straight path is a righteous or wise path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"when there is no one to give advice" -## Plans go wrong ## +# advisors -"Plans fail" or "Plans are destroyed" +people who give recommendations as a guide to action -## advisors ## +# they succeed -people who give recommendations as a guide to action \ No newline at end of file +"plans succeed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/23.md b/pro/15/23.md index 935934217b..e9ac6b5405 100644 --- a/pro/15/23.md +++ b/pro/15/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## a pertinent reply ## +# a pertinent reply -"a good answer" (UDB) or "an answer" +"a fitting reply" or "an appropriate answer" -## how good is a timely word ## +# how good is a timely word -This is an exclamation that functions to emphasize that a timely word is very good. AT: "a word at the right time is very good" +This exclamation emphasizes that a word spoken at the right time is very good. AT: "a word that a person speaks at the right time is very good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## leads upward ## +# The path of life leads upward ... from Sheol beneath -This is a positive thing. AT: "makes life go better" - -## prudent ## - -"wise" \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of a lifestyle that results in life as if it were a path that goes upward towards life and of a lifestyle that results in death as if it were a path that leads down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/25.md b/pro/15/25.md index 4a7ea1d1e9..2ad319b080 100644 --- a/pro/15/25.md +++ b/pro/15/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## legacy ## +# legacy -"house" This refers to household, property, and wealth. +"house." This refers to household, property, and wealth. -## the words of kindness are pure ## +# the words of kindness are pure -"kind words are pure" AT: "kind words are morally good" or "Yahweh loves kind words" \ No newline at end of file +"kind words are pure" or "pleasant words are pure" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/27.md b/pro/15/27.md index 8757bf6cdc..c24cf028a4 100644 --- a/pro/15/27.md +++ b/pro/15/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the one who ## +# The heart of the righteous person ponders before it answers -"the person who" +Here the word "heart" is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. This represents the person who thinks. AT: "The person who does right ponders what to say before he answers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## pours out ## +# the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil -AT: "spreads everywhere" \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of wicked people's mouths as if they were containers and speaks of evil as if it were the liquid that filled them. When wicked people speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word "mouths" represents those who speak. AT: "wicked people are always saying evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil + +It may be more natural in you language to translate all these words as either singular or plural. AT: "the mouth of the wicked person pours out all its evil" or "the mouths of wicked people pour out all their evil" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/29.md b/pro/15/29.md index d7af1149d8..9d23d136ba 100644 --- a/pro/15/29.md +++ b/pro/15/29.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Yahweh is far away from ## +# Yahweh is far away from wicked people -AT: "Yahweh does not listen to" or "Yahweh does not answer" +The writer speaks of Yahweh not listening to wicked people as if he were physically far away from them. AT: "Yahweh does not listen to wicked people" or "Yahweh does not answer wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## hears ## +# The light of the eyes -AT: "responds to" +The writer speaks of an expression of joy on one's face as if the person's eyes emitted light. AT: "A cheerful expression" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## light of the eyes ## +# brings joy to the heart -AT: "look of happiness in the eyes" +The word "heart" represents the person. Possible meanings are 1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or 2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. AT: "causes a person to be joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## is health to the body ## +# good news is health to the body -AT: "brings health to the body" or "heals the body" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "body" represents the person. AT: "receiving good news makes a person feel good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/31.md b/pro/15/31.md index 01f0e8a0ff..873d1519a6 100644 --- a/pro/15/31.md +++ b/pro/15/31.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## pay attention ## +# you will remain among wise people -AT: “listen carefully” +Possible meanings are 1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or 2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people. -## you will remain among the wise ## +# listens to correction -Possible meanings are 1) wise people will want you to stay with them or 2) people will continue to see you as a wise person. - -## the one who ## - -"the person who" - -## despises ## - -See how you translated it in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md). - -## listens to correction ## - -AT: "receives correction" (UDB) or "follows correcting instructions" \ No newline at end of file +The word "correction" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "listens when others correct him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/33.md b/pro/15/33.md index e645131fc7..5c208ba5b8 100644 --- a/pro/15/33.md +++ b/pro/15/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## The fear of Yahweh teaches wisdom ## +# The fear of Yahweh teaches wisdom -AT: "Deep respect for Yahweh will teach you how to be wise" +The words "fear" and "wisdom" can be translated with verbal phrases. AT: "When one fears Yahweh, he will learn to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## humility comes before honor ## +# The fear of Yahweh -AT: "if someone is humble, people will honor him" \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md). + +# humility comes before honor + +This means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/15/intro.md b/pro/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b70fbdfe01 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/01.md b/pro/16/01.md index a7b203d6fb..88fbda385a 100644 --- a/pro/16/01.md +++ b/pro/16/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the answer from his tongue ## +# The plans of the heart belong to a person -what Yahweh says will happen (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "heart" represents the person's mind and thoughts. AT: "A person makes plans in his mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in his own eyes ## +# from Yahweh comes the answer from his tongue -"in his opinion" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person's plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person's plans or 2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## weighs ## +# the answer from his tongue -judges, evaluates +The person is represented by his "tongue" to emphasize his speech. AT: "the answer that he speaks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## spirits ## +# All of a person's ways are pure in his own eyes -"motives" or "intentions" \ No newline at end of file +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if that person were walking down a path. AT: "A person thinks that everything he does is pure" or "A person judges everything he does as pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh weighs the spirits + +Here the word "spirits" represents people's desires and motives. The writer speaks of Yahweh discerning and judging a person's desires and motives as if he were weighing that person's spirit. AT: "Yahweh judges the person's motives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/03.md b/pro/16/03.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c439483f97 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/16/03.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# even the wicked for the day of trouble + +The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "he has made even the wicked for the day of trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/05.md b/pro/16/05.md index 6b98f147e8..5e7f655308 100644 --- a/pro/16/05.md +++ b/pro/16/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## though they stand hand in hand ## +# everyone who has an arrogant heart -This is an idiom meaning “It is certain” or “Be sure of this” as when people shake hands to confirm an agreement or stand together in unity. See how you translated “It is certain” in [Proverbs 11:21](../11/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the word "heart" represents the person. AT: "everyone who is arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## they will not go unpunished ## +# they will not go unpunished -"they will be punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +The two negatives in this phrase strongly emphasize the positive. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will certainly punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# By covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness iniquity is atoned for + +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be stated as "faithful" and "trustworthy." This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) AT: "Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives people's sins" or 2) AT: "Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# people turn away from evil + +The writer speaks of people no longer doing evil things as if they were turning away from evil. AT: "people stop doing evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/07.md b/pro/16/07.md index 868b62fd0d..ecc7745782 100644 --- a/pro/16/07.md +++ b/pro/16/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## injustice ## +# he makes + +"Yahweh makes" + +# a large income + +"earning a lot of money" + +# injustice "wrongdoing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/09.md b/pro/16/09.md index a3f7adfd91..430210812e 100644 --- a/pro/16/09.md +++ b/pro/16/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## An oracle ## +# In his heart a person plans out his way -a decision from God, a divine verdict. +Here the word "heart" represents the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person's actions as if the person were walking on a path. AT: "A person plans in his mind what he will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## on the lips of a king ## +# Yahweh directs his steps -"in what a king says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The writer speaks of Yahweh determining the outcome of a person's plans as if Yahweh were telling that person where to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## does not speak deceitfully ## +# Insightful decisions are on the lips of a king -"speaks truth" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] ) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "lips" is a metonym for what the king says. AT: "What a king says are insightful decisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his mouth should not betray justice + +The word "mouth" represents the king himself. AT: "he should not speak deceitfully when he judges" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/11.md b/pro/16/11.md index f183c52226..1edfbafdb6 100644 --- a/pro/16/11.md +++ b/pro/16/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Honest scales come from Yahweh ## +# Honest scales come from Yahweh Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## a throne ## +# all the weights in the bag are his work -the government of a king or the decisions made by a king from the throne (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Merchants carried their weights in bags. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or 2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses. + +# that is something to be despised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that is something that people despise" or "that is something that Yahweh despises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for a throne is established by doing what is right + +Here the word "throne" represents the king's rule. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the king establishes his reign by doing what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/13.md b/pro/16/13.md index feab0684f3..9dd1720cc9 100644 --- a/pro/16/13.md +++ b/pro/16/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## lips that say what is right ## +# lips that say what is right -"a person who speaks the truth" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "lips" represents the person who speaks. AT: "a person who speaks the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## A king's wrath is a messenger of death ## +# A king's wrath is a messenger of death -If a king is angry, he may command that someone be killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of an angry king causing someone to die as if the king's wrath were a messenger that he sends out to kill someone. AT: "An angry king can put people to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/15.md b/pro/16/15.md index 3a69c1d8e4..f048700edb 100644 --- a/pro/16/15.md +++ b/pro/16/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Verse 15 contrasts with verse 14. -## the light of a king’s face ## +# In the light of a king's face is life -"a king's happy expression" +The writer speaks of an expression of joy on the king's face as if his face emitted light. AT: "When the king is cheerful, people live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## How much better it is to get wisdom than gold. ## +# his favor is like a cloud that brings a spring rain -AT: "It is better to get wisdom than gold." \ No newline at end of file +The writer compares the king showing favor towards someone with a cloud that brings rain to make crops grow. Both promise blessing to those who receive them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# How much better it is to get wisdom than gold + +This exclamation emphasizes that having wisdom is much better than having gold. AT: "It is much better to get wisdom than to get gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# To get understanding should be chosen more than silver + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "A person should choose to get understanding more than to get silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/17.md b/pro/16/17.md index b7d3654dad..c1e2ba94f9 100644 --- a/pro/16/17.md +++ b/pro/16/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## The highway of the upright ## +# The highway of upright people -"the right way of living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) and how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:31](../03/31.md). +The writer speaks of the lifestyle of upright people as if it were a well-built road, free of obstacles. AT: "The righteous way that upright people live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## downfall ## +# turns away from evil + +The writer speaks of avoiding or no longer doing evil things as if it were turning away from evil. AT: "keeps them from doing evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a haughty spirit + +Here the word "spirit" represents the person's attitude and temperament. AT: "an arrogant attitude" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a downfall "ruin" or "failure" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/19.md b/pro/16/19.md index 913ae81fde..1903033e8e 100644 --- a/pro/16/19.md +++ b/pro/16/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## spoil ## +# spoil -goods taken in battle. \ No newline at end of file +goods taken in battle + +# what they are taught + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what someone has taught them" or "what they have learned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/21.md b/pro/16/21.md index b6d551c734..bac8e8badb 100644 --- a/pro/16/21.md +++ b/pro/16/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## sweetness of speech ## +# The one who is wise in heart is called discerning -"speaking pleasantly" +This person will have a reputation of being a discerning person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will call the one who is wise in heart discerning" or "The one who is wise in heart will have a reputation of being a discerning person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Understanding is a fountain of life ## +# The one who is wise in heart -Understanding, or good sense, is a constant source of life and blessing, just as a fountain is a source of water that supports life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the heart represents the mind and thoughts. AT: "The one who is wise" or "The one who is wise in his thinking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sweetness of speech + +The writer speaks of kind or pleasant speech as if it were something that tastes sweet. AT: "kind speech" or "pleasant speech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Understanding is a fountain of life + +The writer speaks of "Understanding" as if it were a fountain that continuously flows with water and which sustains the life of those who drink from it. AT: "Understanding is like a fountain flowing with life-giving water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/23.md b/pro/16/23.md index 184bcd9a39..5c001eb18d 100644 --- a/pro/16/23.md +++ b/pro/16/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## gives insight to his mouth ## +# The heart of a wise person gives -"makes his speech wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "heart" represents the mind and thoughts. AT: "The thoughts of a wise person gives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to his lips ## +# gives insight to his mouth -"to what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "mouth" is a metonym for speech. AT: "makes his speech wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to his lips + +Here the word "lips" is a metonym for speech. AT: "to what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Pleasant words are a honeycomb + +The writer speaks of pleasant words being able to bring delight to the hearers as if the words were a honeycomb dripping with fresh honey. AT: "Pleasant words are like a honeycomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# sweet to the soul + +Possible meanings for the word "soul" are 1) it represents a person's inward desires and pleasures. AT: "sweet enough to make a person happy" or 2) it can mean "throat" and is a metonym for a person's tongue and ability to taste. AT: "sweet to a person's taste" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# healing to the bones + +Here the word "bones" represent a person's body. AT: "healing to the body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/25.md b/pro/16/25.md index 7c4a5e187a..55698a4ba0 100644 --- a/pro/16/25.md +++ b/pro/16/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## appetite ## +# There is a way that seems right to a man -a desire or liking for food. \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of a person's conduct or behavior as if it were a road on which the person is traveling. AT: "A person thinks that the way he is living is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but its end is the way to death + +The word "its" refers to "way" in the previous line. This "way" is the road that leads to death. + +# The laborer's appetite works for him + +The writer speaks of the appetite as if it were a person who works on behalf of the laborer. This means that the person who labors is motivated by his desire to eat. AT: "The laborer works to satisfy his appetite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# his hunger urges him on + +The writer speaks of "hunger" as if it were a person who urges the laborer to continue working. AT: "he keeps on working because he is hungry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/27.md b/pro/16/27.md index 0269ee8aa0..9a0a1f0aed 100644 --- a/pro/16/27.md +++ b/pro/16/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## worthless ## +# A worthless person digs up mischief -wicked, deceptive +The writer speaks of a person trying to find ways to harm other people as if that person were digging in the ground to find something buried. AT: "A worthless person looks for mischief as if he were digging for something in the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## mischief ## +# worthless -evil, trouble +"useless" or "wicked" -## his speech is like a scorching fire ## +# mischief -"his words injure people like a fire does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"evil" or "trouble" -## perverse ## +# his speech is like a scorching fire -turned away from what is right; wicked; corrupt \ No newline at end of file +The writer compares the way this person's words hurt others with the way that fire burns things. AT: "he hurts people with his words, like a fire scorches the things it touches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a gossip + +a person who gossips or spreads rumors \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/29.md b/pro/16/29.md index 19815cd518..2debc0c763 100644 --- a/pro/16/29.md +++ b/pro/16/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## those who purse the lips ## +# A man of violence lies to his neighbor -The face will often show signs when a person is plotting evil. \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that this man lies to his neighbor in order to get his neighbor to join him in violent actions. AT: "A man of violence entices his neighbor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# A man of violence + +"A violent man" or "A man who practices violence" + +# leads him down a path that is not good + +The writer speaks of a person's actions as if they were a road on which the person walks. AT: "gets him to do things that are not good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a path that is not good + +The writer uses an understatement to emphasize how bad this path is. AT: "a very bad path" or "a terrible path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The one who winks the eye ... those who purse the lips + +Both of these are facial gestures which people might use to signal their plans to others. See how you translated "winks the eye" in [Proverbs 10:10](../10/10.md). + +# will bring evil to pass + +"will do evil things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/31.md b/pro/16/31.md index 1885abdce7..9bb820bb56 100644 --- a/pro/16/31.md +++ b/pro/16/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Gray hair is a crown of glory ## +# Gray hair is a crown of glory -Old age is an honor, like a crown (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of gray hair as if it were a crown. "Gray hair" is a metonym for old age. AT: "A person who has lived long enough to have gray hair is like one who wears a glorious crown on his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# it is gained + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a person gains it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# one who rules his spirit + +The writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. AT: "one who controls his temper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/33.md b/pro/16/33.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bd56bd5e0e --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/16/33.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# The lots are cast into the lap + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "A person throws the lots into his lap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the decision is from Yahweh + +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or 2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/16/intro.md b/pro/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fa89875049 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Proverbs 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### King and royalty ##### + +Some of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers. + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/01.md b/pro/17/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..30e8e280e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/17/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# to have quiet + +Here "quiet" refers to "peace." AT: "to have peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# than a house full of feasting with strife + +There are words missing here; "to have" or "to be in" may be added. AT: "than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/03.md b/pro/17/03.md index f5d7c5a1e9..d6cd3c1517 100644 --- a/pro/17/03.md +++ b/pro/17/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## crucible ## +# The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold + +This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. AT: "The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# crucible a pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature -## Yahweh refines hearts ## +# Yahweh refines hearts -AT: "Yahweh tests hearts" Just as heating gold and silver removes whatever is impure, so testing by Yahweh removes evil and foolishness from hearts. \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of Yahweh testing people to help them stop being evil and foolish as if their hearts were a metal that Yahweh was refining to remove everything that is impure. AT: "Yahweh tests peoples' hearts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# hearts + +"Hearts" represent a person's thoughts and desires. AT: "people's thoughts and desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wicked lips + +The word "lips" can be translated as either 1) a synecdoche for the person or 2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. AT: "a wicked person" or "wicked talk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# gives ear + +This idiom means "listens." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# destructive tongue + +The word "tongue" can be translated as either 1) a synecdoche for the person or 2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. AT: "a destructive person" or "destructive talk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/05.md b/pro/17/05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ee0d20c640 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/17/05.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# the poor + +This refers to poor people. AT: "those who are poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# his Maker + +This is a name that refers to Yahweh. This is also an abstract noun that can be written as a verb. AT: "the one who made him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# at misfortune + +This refers to the misfortune of others. AT: "at others' misfortune" or "at other peoples' troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# are the crown of + +This speaks of older peoples' grandchildren being a sign of honor for them as if their grandchildren were a crown. AT: "bring honor and respect to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the aged + +This refers to older people. AT: "those who are older" or "older people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/07.md b/pro/17/07.md index b5a22ed012..5e4c047c8f 100644 --- a/pro/17/07.md +++ b/pro/17/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Eloquent speech ## +# Eloquent speech "Fine speech" or "Excellent speech" -## much less are lying lips suitable for royalty ## +# much less are lying lips suitable for royalty -It is not appropriate for honorable people to lie. \ No newline at end of file +This describes people lying as if it were actually their "lips" that were lying. AT: "even more it is not suitable for royalty to lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# A bribe is like a magic stone to the one who gives it + +This speaks of a person's bribe working by comparing it to a magical stone or amulet. AT: "A bribe works like a magical stone for the one who gives it" or "A bribe works like magic for the one who is giving the bribe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# wherever he turns + +Here "turning" refers to the various things the person does. Specifically, this refers to the different things the person does by bribery. AT: "in whatever he does" or "in everything he tries to do by giving bribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/09.md b/pro/17/09.md index 6f75d5ec2d..a8701eed7b 100644 --- a/pro/17/09.md +++ b/pro/17/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## offense ## +# offense something that hurts or angers a person -## alienates ## +# who repeats a matter + +This refers to bringing up a past situation in which a friend was hurt or offended. AT: "who repeats a past offense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# alienates "separates" -## a person who has understanding ## +# A rebuke goes deeper into a person ... than a hundred blows go into a fool -"a person who understands" or "a person who has good judgment" \ No newline at end of file +This compares how a rebuke effects a man of understanding to how a beating effects a fool. This speaks of the effect on these people as if it could be measured by the depth that it goes into them. AT: "A rebuke has more effect on a person ... than a hundred blows have on a fool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a person who has understanding + +"a person who has good judgment." The word "understand" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "a person who understands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a hundred blows go + +"a beating of a hundred blows goes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/11.md b/pro/17/11.md index 17661ae868..76a23dd8e4 100644 --- a/pro/17/11.md +++ b/pro/17/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## a cruel messenger will be sent against him ## +# seeks rebellion -AT: "a cruel messenger will come against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "rebellion" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "seeks to rebel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a cruel messenger will be sent against him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a cruel messenger will come against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be sent against him + +To be "sent against" someone means to be sent to harm them. AT: "will be sent to harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a bear robbed of her cubs + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a bear who has just lost her cubs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in his foolishness + +The word "foolishness" can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "who is acting foolish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/13.md b/pro/17/13.md index 72e0e78d4d..c6be58e381 100644 --- a/pro/17/13.md +++ b/pro/17/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## The beginning of conflict is like the one who releases water everywhere ## +# evil will never leave his house -A conflict is like spilled water that goes everywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "evil" is spoken of as if it were a person who would not leave the man's house. Here the word "house" may be taken literally, but it is also a metonym for his family. AT: "bad things will continue to happen to him and his family" or "bad things will never stop happening to him and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The beginning of conflict is like one who releases water everywhere + +This compares how easily a conflict spreads to how spilled water flows everywhere. AT: "Starting a conflict is like pumping water and letting it run everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# has broken out + +"starts"or "begins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/15.md b/pro/17/15.md index 29d9874f31..627230d6dd 100644 --- a/pro/17/15.md +++ b/pro/17/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Anyone who acquits the wicked or condemns those who do right ## +# The person who acquits the wicked person and the person who condemns the righteous person -AT: "The one who acquits the wicked and the one who condemns those who do right" +"The one who acquits wicked people and the one who condemns the righteous" -## Acquit ## +# acquits -justify, declare someone not guilty +justifies, declares someone not guilty -## Why should a fool pay money to learn about wisdom, when he has no ability to learn it? ## +# Why should a fool pay money to learn about wisdom, when he has no ability to learn it? -AT: "Money to buy wisdom is of no use to a fool since he has no sense." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question emphasizes that the fool should not do this. This question may be written as a statement. AT: "A fool should not pay money to learn about wisdom because he does not have the ability to learn it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/17.md b/pro/17/17.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d3c8acf302 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/17/17.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# a brother is born for times of trouble + +One of the purposes of a brother is to be there to help his brother or sister in times of trouble. AT: "a brother is there for times of trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# no sense + +"no good judgement" + +# binding promises + +This refers to promises that must be kept and are often a burden on the person who made them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/19.md b/pro/17/19.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a84968d058 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/17/19.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# causes bones to be broken + +This means that someone will trip on the threshold and break bones, probably in their foot. AT: "is sure to cause someone trip and break their the bones in their foot" or "is sure to cause someone to trip and injure himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who has a crooked heart + +The "heart" represents a person's feelings, attitudes and motivations. AT: "who is deceptive" or "who is dishonest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has a perverse tongue + +The "tongue" represents a person's speech. AT: "speaks perversely" or "speaks wickedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# falls into calamity + +"falls into trouble" To "fall into" something means to get into that situation. AT: "will have calamity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/21.md b/pro/17/21.md index 993047d001..9b2e945333 100644 --- a/pro/17/21.md +++ b/pro/17/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## beget ## +# A cheerful heart is good medicine -to generate offspring +This speaks of a cheerful heart as being good medicine because it makes you feel better. AT: "A cheerful heart is like medicine that makes you feel better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## dries up the bones ## +# A cheerful heart -makes a person unhealthy and lifeless (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The "heart" represents a person's feelings, attitudes and motivations. AT: "Being cheerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a broken spirit + +Here the "spirit" represents a person's feelings and emotional state. A broken spirit refers to a poor emotional state. AT: "depression" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dries up the bones + +A person's bones represent their physical health and strength. If a person's bones dry up it means that they are very sick and unhealthy. AT: "makes a person unhealthy and weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/23.md b/pro/17/23.md index 2d0d6a0a67..616be447bf 100644 --- a/pro/17/23.md +++ b/pro/17/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## the ends of the earth ## +# to pervert the ways of justice -a very long way away \ No newline at end of file +"to prevent justice from being rendered" or "to pervert justice" + +# sets his face toward wisdom + +This speaks of a person's focus on acting wisely as if he were looking at wisdom. AT: "focuses on acting wisely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the eyes of a fool are + +This refers to a fool by his eyes to emphasize what he is focusing on. AT: "the fool is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the ends of the earth + +This speaks of a fool's impossible dreams as if they were the ends of the earth to emphasize that they are unrealistic. AT: "strive for things that are as far from him as the ends of the earth" or "focus on impossible things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/25.md b/pro/17/25.md index 749bd74ba0..ea7064db53 100644 --- a/pro/17/25.md +++ b/pro/17/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## bitterness ## +# A foolish son is a grief to his father + +This speaks of a son causing his father grief as if the son himself were "grief." AT: "A foolish son brings grief to his father" + +# A foolish son ... and bitterness to the woman + +This speaks of a son causing his mother bitterness as if the son himself were "bitterness." AT: "A foolish son ... and brings bitterness to the woman" + +# who bore him + +"who gave birth to him" + +# bitterness emotional pain, sorrow -## Also, it is never good to punish one who does right, neither is it good to flog noble men who have integrity. ## +# it is never good ... neither is it good -AT: "It is wrong to punish one who does right, or to flog noble men who have integrity." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +These statements can be written in positive form. AT: "it is always wrong ... and it is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## flog ## +# the righteous person -whip severely \ No newline at end of file +Another possible meaning is "the innocent person," anyone whom others have accused of a crime that he did not commit. + +# flog + +whip severely + +# who have integrity + +The word "integrity" can be expressed with the adjective "honest." AT: "who are honest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/27.md b/pro/17/27.md index 305acba22b..c0a110cd26 100644 --- a/pro/17/27.md +++ b/pro/17/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## keeps his mouth shut ## +# uses few words -AT: "does not speak" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the way he speaks. AT: "speaks with few words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Even a fool is thought to be wise + +This can be written in active form. AT: "People even think a fool is wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# keeps his mouth shut + +This means that he does not speak. AT: "does not speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he is considered to be intelligent + +This can be written in active form. AT: "people consider him to be intelligent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/17/intro.md b/pro/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6c3f51d5b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Proverbs 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/01.md b/pro/18/01.md index 7a7149e7ac..517ee706c4 100644 --- a/pro/18/01.md +++ b/pro/18/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## quarrels ## +# isolates himself -"disagrees" +"keeps away from other people" -## sound judgment ## +# quarrels with all sound judgment -AT: "common sense" or "wise choices" +This speaks of a person disagreeing with sound judgment as if "sound judgment" were a person he fought with. AT: "he disagrees with all sound judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## revealing what is in his own heart ## +# sound judgment -AT: "talking about himself" \ No newline at end of file +"good judgment" or "wise choices" + +# A fool finds no pleasure in understanding, but only + +"A fool does not care about understanding, but only about" This means the fool considers "understanding" the opposite of pleasure. AT: "A fool detests understanding and only finds pleasure in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# but only in revealing what is in his own heart + +This means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. AT: "but only in telling others what is in his own heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# what is in his own heart + +The contents of a person's heart refers to the person's thoughts and feelings. AT: "what he thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/03.md b/pro/18/03.md index 4b716d2e71..5fb3c40a1e 100644 --- a/pro/18/03.md +++ b/pro/18/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## When a wicked person ... shame and reproach ## +# contempt comes with him—along with shame and reproach -AT: "When an evil person comes, he has contempt for other people; they will feel ashamed and start reproaching each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here "contempt," "shame," and "reproach" are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. Possible meanings are 1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. AT: "people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach" or 2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. AT: "he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## The words of ... a flowing stream ## +# shame and reproach -What a person says is compared to water in three different ways over two parallel lines, this is to emphasize how good it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two words have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the "shame" felt by either the wicked man or other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# The words of a man's mouth are deep waters; ... the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream + +These two lines are parallel and it is implied that the man in the first line is a wise man. AT: "The words of a wise man's mouth are deep waters; ... the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The words of a man's mouth are deep waters + +This speaks of a wise man's words being profound as if they were profound and as deep as deep waters. AT: "The words of a man's mouth are as profound as deep waters" or "The words of a man's mouth are deep and profound" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a man's mouth + +Here the man is referred to by his mouth to emphasize what he says. AT: "of a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream + +This speaks of the source of wisdom being plentiful as if it were a gushing spring. The gushing of the spring is spoken of as if it were a flowing stream. AT: "the source of wisdom is as plentiful as the water of a gushing spring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/05.md b/pro/18/05.md index 03e17a702f..86517e63f8 100644 --- a/pro/18/05.md +++ b/pro/18/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## It is not good to ... to those who do right ## +# It is not good to ... to the righteous person -AT: "It is good to condemn the wicked for his sins, and to be just to those who do right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +These phrases can be written in positive form. AT: "It is good to treat the wicked person as he deserves, and to be just to the righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## A fool’s lips bring ... invites a beating ## +# A fool's lips bring -These two lines repeat the same idea to emphasize the danger of speaking foolishly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here the fool is referred to by his "lips" to emphasize what he says. AT: "what a fool says brings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## A fool’s lips bring ## +# bring -AT: "what a fool says brings" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"cause" -## his mouth invites a beating ## +# his mouth invites a beating -AT: "what he says calls for someone to give him a beating" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the fool saying things that cause people to want to beat him as if he were inviting them to beat him. AT: "his mouth makes people want to beat him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his mouth + +Here what the fool says is referred to as his "mouth." AT: "what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/07.md b/pro/18/07.md index b719396417..8a85aedd57 100644 --- a/pro/18/07.md +++ b/pro/18/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## A fool’s mouth ... his lips ## +# A fool's mouth ... with his lips -Both of these phrases refer to what a fool says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Both of these phrases refer to what a fool says. AT: "What a fool says ... by what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## is his ruin ## +# is his ruin -AT: "will ruin him" +"will ruin him" -## he ensnares himself ## +# he ensnares himself -AT: "he will cause problems for himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of the man causing problems and trouble for himself as if he were trapping himself like a man traps an animal. AT: "he will cause problems for himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The words of a gossip ... of the body ## +# The words of a gossip are like delicious morsels -Gossip is compared to tasty food to show how willingly people believe it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This speaks of the words of a gossip being desirable to listen to as if they were delicious food to eat. AT: "The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## morsel ## +# The words of a gossip -"bite of food" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to what a gossiping person says. AT: "The words that a gossiping person speaks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) + +# morsels + +small bites of food + +# they go down into the inner parts of the body + +This speaks of the words of a gossip going into a person's mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. AT: "and they enter a person's mind and affect his thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/09.md b/pro/18/09.md index 33c1950409..8d956a47ac 100644 --- a/pro/18/09.md +++ b/pro/18/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## is slack ## +# one who is slack in his work is a brother to the one who destroys + +This speaks of the one who is slack being similar to the one who destroys as if they were actually related. AT: "is closely related to" or "is very similar to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# is slack "is lazy" or "is not interested" -## is a brother to ## +# the one who destroys the most -AT: "is closely related to" or "is very similar to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"the one who destroys everything" or "the one who is always destructive" -## The name of Yahweh is a strong tower ## +# The name of Yahweh is a strong tower -AT: "Yahweh protects like a strong tower" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of Yahweh protecting his people as if he were a strong tower in which they could take refuge. AT: "Yahweh protects like a strong tower" or "Yahweh protects his people like a strong tower" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## runs into it and is safe ## +# The name of Yahweh -This expands the metaphor of Yahweh as a strong tower. AT: "is like a person who runs into a tower to protect himself" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh is referred to by his name. AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the righteous + +This refers to righteous people. AT: "those who are righteous" or "righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# runs into it and is safe + +This speaks of people seeking safety from Yahweh and Yahweh protecting them as if he were a strong tower that they ran into for safety. AT: "run to him and they are safe" or "seek him and they are safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/11.md b/pro/18/11.md index 4b78e00f5a..0e80abe44b 100644 --- a/pro/18/11.md +++ b/pro/18/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## The wealth of the rich is his fortified city ## +# The wealth of the rich is his fortified city -AT: "A rich person will try to protect himself with his wealth" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of a rich person depending on his wealth as if his wealth were a fortified wall that protects him. AT: "The wealthy person depends on his wealth as a city depends on its fortified wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## fortified city ## +# the rich -city with strong defences like walls and towers +This refers to people who are rich. AT: "the rich person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## in his imagination it is like a high wall ## +# fortified city -The protection provided by wealth is not real but only imagined. +a city with strong defenses like walls and towers -## Before his downfall a person's heart is proud ## +# in his imagination it is like a high wall -AT: "First a person is proud, but then comes his downfall" +This speaks of the rich person believing his wealth will keep him safe like a high wall keeps those inside a city safe. AT: "he thinks it protects him as well as a high wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## his downfall ## +# Before his downfall a person's heart is proud -AT: "he falls down" or "he is humiliated" or "his life and reputation are destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"First a person's heart is proud, but then comes his downfall" -## humility comes before honor ## +# downfall -AT: "humility leads to honor" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to a significant decline in a person's reputation or health. + +# a person's heart + +Here a person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his thoughts and feelings. AT: "a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# humility comes before honor + +The word "humility" may be expressed as an adjective and the word "honor" may be expressed as a verb. AT: "a person must be humble before he can be honored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/13.md b/pro/18/13.md index 1754b28473..2635a0f07d 100644 --- a/pro/18/13.md +++ b/pro/18/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## it is his folly and shame ## +# it is his folly and shame -AT: "it is foolish of him, and he should be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The abstract nouns "folly" and "shame" may be expressed as adjectives. AT: "it is foolish of him, and he should be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## A person's spirit will survive sickness ## +# A person's spirit will survive sickness -A person's spirit stands for a person's desire to live. AT: "If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here a person is referred to by his spirit to emphasize his attitude. AT: "A person who is hopeful will survive sickness" or "If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## but a broken spirit who can bear it? ## +# but a broken spirit who can bear it? -This is a rhetorical question, expecting the answer that few can bear it. AT: "but it is very hard to bear a broken spirit" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This is a rhetorical question, expecting the answer that few can bear it. This can be written as a statement. AT: "but it is very hard to bear a broken spirit." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## a broken spirit ## +# a broken spirit -AT: "being depressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to being depressed. AT: "being depressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/15.md b/pro/18/15.md index 500f8d3028..b188f5aadf 100644 --- a/pro/18/15.md +++ b/pro/18/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## The heart of the intelligent ... the hearing of the wise ... ## +# The heart of the intelligent acquires -These two phrases are repeated for emphasis, because it is an important concept. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here the intelligent person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his desires. AT: "The intelligent desire to acquire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## The heart of the intelligent ## +# the intelligent -AT: "The intelligent person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This refers to people who are intelligent. AT: "those who are intelligent" or "intelligent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## acquires ## +# acquires "gains" or "obtains" -## the hearing of the wise ## +# the hearing of the wise seeks it out -"the ear of the wise" AT: "the wise person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the wise person is referred to by his hearing to emphasize what he desires to listen to. AT: "the wise seeks to learn about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## may open the way ## +# the wise -AT: "may create opportunities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This refers to people who are wise. AT: "those who are wise" or "wise people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## bring him before ## +# seeks it out -AT: "let him meet" or "let him be introduced to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "it" refers to "knowledge" + +# may open the way + +Here to "open the way" means to create an opportunity. AT: "may create an opportunity for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# bring him before + +This means to be allowed to see someone. AT: "let him meet" or "let him be introduced to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/17.md b/pro/18/17.md index 2b672e4db0..e7f720a85a 100644 --- a/pro/18/17.md +++ b/pro/18/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## and questions him ## +# The first -AT: "and investigates him" or "and critically examines his case" \ No newline at end of file +"The 1st." This refers to the first person to do something. AT: "The first person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Casting the lot + +"Casting lots" + +# separates strong opponents + +This refers to people who are fighting harshly over a dispute. When they are separated, they are no longer fighting over their dispute. AT: "causes opponents to stop fighting over their dispute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/19.md b/pro/18/19.md index 7feb7a57cf..9a4aa8b457 100644 --- a/pro/18/19.md +++ b/pro/18/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## castle ## +# An offended brother is harder to be won than a strong city + +This speaks of the difficulty of making peace with a brother you have offended by comparing it to the difficulty of winning a war against a strong city. AT: "If you offend your brother, finding a way to have peace with him again may be harder than waging a battle to win a city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# quarreling is like the bars of a castle + +This speaks of the difficulty of resolving quarreling by comparing it to the difficulty of breaking down the bars of a castle. AT: "resolving quarreling is as difficult as breaking down the bars of a castle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# castle a fortified palace -## the fruit of his mouth ## +# From the fruit of his mouth one's stomach is filled; with the harvest of his lips he is satisfied -AT: "his wise speech" or "his good words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These two lines have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize what is said. They can be combined. AT: "A person is satisfied by the results of the good things that he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## one's stomach is filled ## +# the fruit of his mouth -AT: "a person is satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that came from his mouth. AT: "his wise speech" or "his good words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the harvest of his lips ## +# one's stomach is filled -AT: "his wise speech" or "his good words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This speaks of a person being satisfied or content by the result of what they have said as if they had eaten and become satisfied" AT: "a person is satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he is satisfied ## +# the harvest of his lips -AT: "he is pleased" or "will make him happy" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that is harvested. AT: "his wise speech" or "his good words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he is satisfied + +"he is pleased" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/21.md b/pro/18/21.md index 7b12d53d65..3535c80e05 100644 --- a/pro/18/21.md +++ b/pro/18/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Death and life are in the power of the tongue ## +# Death and life are controlled by the tongue -AT: "What people say can lead to life or death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be written in active form. AT: "The tongue can lead to life of death" or "What people say can lead to life or death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## those who love it will eat its fruit ## +# by the tongue ... love the tongue -Eating the fruit of the power of the tongue means to experience the consequences, good or bad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the "tongue" refers to speech. AT: "by what people say ... love speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## love it ## +# will eat its fruit -"love the power of the tongue" or "love to talk" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of a person receiving the consequence for what he says as if the consequences were fruit that he receives. AT: "will receive its consequences" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/23.md b/pro/18/23.md index 2cdb6c885d..f2f8d23fe3 100644 --- a/pro/18/23.md +++ b/pro/18/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## is brought to ruin by them ## +# many friends is brought to ruin by them -AT: "they will bring him to ruin" or "they will destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "many friends--they will bring him to ruin" or "many friends--his friends will destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## comes closer than ## +# comes closer than "is more faithful than" or "stays more loyal than" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/18/intro.md b/pro/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..36ee53ed84 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/01.md b/pro/19/01.md index 60d0c90e10..b28e68a4b6 100644 --- a/pro/19/01.md +++ b/pro/19/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Better is a poor person ## +# Better is a poor person -AT: "It is better to be a poor person" +"It is better to be a poor person" -## is perverse in speech ## +# who walks in his integrity -AT: "speaks in an evil way" +This is an idiom. Here walking refers to living. AT: "who lives in his integrity" or "who lives an honest life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## to have desire without knowledge ## +# is perverse in speech -AT: "for a person to be without knowledge" or "to work hard without knowing what you are doing" +The word "speech" may be expressed as a verb. AT: "speaks perversely" or "speaks in an evil way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the one who runs too fast misses the path ## +# to have desire without knowledge -AT: "the one who acts too quickly makes mistakes" or "the one who acts too quickly makes poor choices" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to people trying to do something without the knowledge for how to correctly do it. AT: "to work hard without knowing what you are doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the one who runs too fast misses the path + +This speaks of a person doing something too quickly and making mistakes as if running too quickly and missing the path. AT: "the one who acts too quickly makes mistakes" or "the one who acts too quickly makes poor choices" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/03.md b/pro/19/03.md index 487e1afc23..cbe741488b 100644 --- a/pro/19/03.md +++ b/pro/19/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## his heart rages ## +# his heart rages -"he rages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here a person is referred to by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions. AT: "he rages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Wealth adds many friends + +This means that a person who is wealthy will have many friends because wealth attracts people. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "Those who are wealthy easily find many friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a poor person is separated from his friends + +A poor person is separated from many of his friends because of his poverty. The meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "poverty causes a person to lose his friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/05.md b/pro/19/05.md index 67fe766c1c..79aee2aa66 100644 --- a/pro/19/05.md +++ b/pro/19/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## will not go unpunished ## +# A false witness will not go unpunished -"will be punished" or "They will punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be written in positive and active form. AT: "They will certainly punish a false witness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## breathes out lies ## +# he who breathes out lies will not escape -See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:17](../06/17.md). +This means that he will be captured. AT: "they will capture the one who breathes out lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## will not escape ## +# breathes out lies -AT: "will be captured" or "they will capture him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is an idiom. Here "breathes" refers to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/17.md). AT: "constantly lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## a generous person ## +# a generous person -someone who often gives away things \ No newline at end of file +someone who often gives away things + +# everyone is a friend + +The word "everyone" is an exaggeration. AT: "it seems that everyone is a friend" or "almost everyone is a friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/07.md b/pro/19/07.md index e41e48d6d6..8536ac303b 100644 --- a/pro/19/07.md +++ b/pro/19/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## how much more do his friends who go far away from him! ## +# how much more do his friends who go far away from him! -This phrase is an exclamation to show that this is more likely than the previous phrase. AT: "therefore his friends will certainly go far away from him" +This phrase is an exclamation to show that this is more likely than the previous phrase. AT: "therefore his friends will certainly hate him and go far away from him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## loves his own soul ## +# loves his own life -AT: "loves himself" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the person is referred to by his "life" to emphasize himself being alive. AT: "loves himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# keeps understanding + +"has understanding" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/09.md b/pro/19/09.md index db49ae56ae..c49f430056 100644 --- a/pro/19/09.md +++ b/pro/19/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## A false witness ... breathes out lies ## +# A false witness will not go unpunished -See how you translated this whole phrase in [Proverbs 19:5](./05.md). +This can be written in positive and active form. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:5](./05.md). AT: "They will certainly punish a false witness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## luxury ## +# breathes out lies + +This figure of speech uses "breathes" to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/17.md). AT: "constantly lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# It is not fitting + +"It is not right" + +# luxury condition of wealth and pleasure -## much less for a slave ## +# much less for a slave -AT: "it is much less fitting for a slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +The missing words may be added. AT: "it is much less fitting for a slave" or "it is even worse for a slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/11.md b/pro/19/11.md index cbb9e0f81d..a0cf28e067 100644 --- a/pro/19/11.md +++ b/pro/19/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Discretion ## +# Discretion makes a person slow to anger -See how you translated in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md) +"A person who has discretion is slow to become angry" -## to overlook ## +# Discretion + +This means to know what should be done in a particular situation. See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md). + +# it is his glory to overlook + +"it will bring him glory to overlook" or "others will consider it honorable if he overlooks" + +# to overlook to forget on purpose -## The wrath of the king is like the roaring of a young lion ## +# The wrath of the king is like the roaring of a young lion -The wrath of a king is compared to the unpredictable and dangerous attack of a young lion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here the lion's roaring refers to attacking. The wrath of a king is compared to the unpredictable and dangerous attack of a young lion. AT: "The wrath of the king is as dangerous as the attack of a young lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the roaring of a young lion ## +# but his favor is like dew on the grass -Roaring refers to attacking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## but his favor is like dew on the grass ## - -The favor of the king is compared to the refreshing water that is on the grass in the morning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The favor of the king is compared to the refreshing water that appears on grass in the morning. AT: "but his favor is refreshing like dew on grass" or "but his favor is refreshing like the dew on the ground in the morning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/13.md b/pro/19/13.md index c5233b4c50..45f4fd37fa 100644 --- a/pro/19/13.md +++ b/pro/19/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## a quarreling wife is a constant dripping of water ## +# is ruin to his father -AT: "A quarreling wife is as annoying and distracting as a constant dripping of water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"will ruin a father" -## quarreling ## +# a quarreling wife is a constant dripping of water -"arguing" or "disagreeing" +This speaks of an annoying wife as if she were the constant dripping of water. AT: "a quarreling wife is as annoying and distracting as a constant dripping of water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## A house and wealth are inherited from parents ## +# a quarreling wife -AT: "Children inherit a house and wealth from their parents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"an arguing wife" or "a disagreeing wife" -## prudent ## +# A house and wealth are inherited from parents + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Children inherit a house and wealth from their parents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# prudent See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md). -## a prudent wife is from Yahweh ## +# a prudent wife is from Yahweh -AT: "Yahweh gives a prudent wife" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh gives a prudent wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/15.md b/pro/19/15.md index f5cbe73518..d375b4e35d 100644 --- a/pro/19/15.md +++ b/pro/19/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## throws a person into a deep sleep ## +# Laziness throws a person into a deep sleep -"throws you into a deep sleep" AT: "makes a person sleep a lot" +This speaks of how laziness causes a person to sleep a lot as if laziness forcefully throws the person into sleep. AT: "Laziness makes a person sleep a lot" or "A lazy person sleeps a lot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## guards his life ## +# go hungry + +This is an idiom which means to not eat. AT: "not eat" or "be hungry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the command + +"the command that he was taught" + +# guards his life "protects his life" -## his ways ## +# his ways -AT: "how he lives" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom which refers to how he lives. AT: "the way that he lives" or "how he lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/17.md b/pro/19/17.md index a5c0416ccb..be1fe13eaf 100644 --- a/pro/19/17.md +++ b/pro/19/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## while there is hope ## +# Whoever is kind to the poor lends to Yahweh -AT: "while he is young" or "while he can still be taught" +Yahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. AT: "The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## do not set your heart on putting him to death ## +# the poor -AT: "do not punish him so that he might die" or "you should always want your child to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This refers to poor people. AT: "those who are poor" or "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## set your heart on ## +# while there is hope -AT: "be determined to do something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "while he is young" or "while he can still be taught" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# and do not set your desire on putting him to death + +Possible meanings are 1) this phrase describes punishing your child. AT: "but do not punish him so severely that he might die" or 2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. AT: "for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# set your desire on putting him + +This idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. AT: "be determined to put him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/19.md b/pro/19/19.md index 8a35abd2dc..3ceeb75d81 100644 --- a/pro/19/19.md +++ b/pro/19/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## A hot-tempered person ## +# A hot-tempered person -tempered person** - AT: "A person who does not control his temper" or "A person who becomes angry quickly" +This idiom refers to a person who is easily angered. AT: "A person who does not control his temper" or "A person who becomes angry quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## if you rescue him ## +# must pay the penalty -"if you save him" +This refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "must bear the consequences of his anger" or "must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Listen to advice and accept instruction ## +# if you rescue him -These two phrases mean basically the same and are repeated to emphasize hoe important it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"if you save him." This refers to rescuing him when he has acted out of his anger. The meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "if you rescue him after he has had an outburst" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Listen to advice ## +# a second time -AT: "Pay attention to advice" or "Follow advice" \ No newline at end of file +"a 2nd time" or "again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# Listen to advice and accept instruction + +These two phrases mean basically the same and are repeated to emphasize how important it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Listen to advice + +This is an idiom. Here "listening" does not mean to merely listen, but to learn from the advice you are given and to follow it. AT: "Pay attention to advice" or "Follow advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/21.md b/pro/19/21.md index 67d37ccb79..e8a684a53c 100644 --- a/pro/19/21.md +++ b/pro/19/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## in a person's heart ## +# in a person's heart -AT: "in a person's mind" or "in a person's thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the "heart" is used to refer to the "mind" to emphasize a person's desire. AT: "in a person's mind" or "that a person desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## loyalty ## +# the purpose of Yahweh -AT: "faithfulness" \ No newline at end of file +"Yahweh's purpose" or "Yahweh's plans" + +# that will stand + +This idiom means to "happen." AT: "that will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/23.md b/pro/19/23.md index 8b8a0d34f2..999fc301d9 100644 --- a/pro/19/23.md +++ b/pro/19/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## he not afflicted by harm ## +# Honor for Yahweh leads people to life; anyone who has it will be satisfied -AT: "he will be safe" or "harm will not afflict him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that they will live a long time if they honor Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Those who honor Yahweh will live a long time; anyone who honors Yahweh will be satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# anyone who has it + +Here the word "it" refers to "honor for Yahweh." + +# satisfied and not afflicted by harm + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "satisfied; nothing will harm him" or "satisfied; he will be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sluggard + +See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 10:26](../10/26.md). + +# buries his hand in the dish + +"dips his hand in the dish" or "puts his hand in his plate." In the Biblical culture people usually ate with their hands as people do in many cultures today. + +# he will not even bring it back up to his mouth + +He does not bring his hand back to his mouth because he is too lazy. AT: "but he is too lazy to bring his hand up to his mouth to feed himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/25.md b/pro/19/25.md index f9c2a904cc..48fbd605a7 100644 --- a/pro/19/25.md +++ b/pro/19/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Hit a mocker ## +# Strike a mocker, and the naive person -"Strike a mocker" or "Beat a mocker" +"If you strike a mocker, the naive person" -## prudent ## +# Strike + +"Punish" + +# naive person + +"inexperienced person" or "immature person" + +# prudent See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md). -## gain knowledge ## +# discipline one who is discerning, and -AT: "increase his knowlegde" or "learn even more" \ No newline at end of file +"if you discipline one who is discerning," + +# he will gain knowledge + +The abstract noun "knowledge" can be stated as "know." AT: "he will know more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/26.md b/pro/19/26.md index 9a4fc07509..5edd58599c 100644 --- a/pro/19/26.md +++ b/pro/19/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## brings shame and reproach ## +# brings shame and reproach -Possible meanings are 1) he brings it to himself (UDB) or 2) to his family. +Possible meanings are 1) he brings it to himself. AT: "brings shame and reproach to himself" or 2) he brings it to his family. AT: "brings shame and reproach to his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## If you cease to hear instruction ## +# If you cease to hear instruction -"If you stop paying attention to instruction" or "if you stop obeying instruction" +Here "listening and obeying" is spoken of as if it were "hearing." AT: "If you stop paying attention to instruction" or "If you stop obeying instruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you will stray from ## +# you will stray from -AT: "you will abandon" or "you will turn your back on" \ No newline at end of file +"you will abandon" or "you will turn your back on" + +# the words of knowledge + +"knowledge" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/28.md b/pro/19/28.md index 6c85d56f71..64107641a5 100644 --- a/pro/19/28.md +++ b/pro/19/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## the mouth of the wicked swallows iniquity ## +# the mouth of the wicked swallows iniquity -AT: "wicked people enjoy doing evil as they enjoy eating food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This speaks of how wicked people enjoy doing evil by saying that they swallow iniquity as easily as they swallow food. AT: "the wicked enjoy doing evil as much as they enjoy eating food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Condemnation is ready for mockers ## +# the mouth of the wicked swallows -AT: "God is ready to condemn mockers" or "people are ready to condemn mockers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here wicked people are referred to by their "mouths." AT: "the wicked swallow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## flogging for the backs of fools ## +# the wicked -AT: "flogging is ready for the backs of fools" or "fools will soon be flogged" or "people will soon punish fools" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This refers to wicked people. AT: "the wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## flogging ## +# Condemnation is ready for mockers and flogging for + +The words "condemnation" and "flogging" may be expressed as verbs. AT: "Yahweh is ready to condemn mockers and to flog" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# flogging for the backs + +The missing words may be added. AT: "flogging is ready for the backs" or "he is ready to flog the backs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# flogging beating with a whip or stick \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/19/intro.md b/pro/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7752dea34a --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/01.md b/pro/20/01.md index eb4a8e384b..ff7731126b 100644 --- a/pro/20/01.md +++ b/pro/20/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## Wine is a mocker and strong drink is a brawler ## +# Wine is a mocker and strong drink is a brawler These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## wine is a mocker ## +# Wine is a mocker -AT: "a person who is drunk with wine mocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "wine" refers to the person who is drunk with wine. AT: "A person who is drunk with wine mocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## strong drink is a brawler ## +# strong drink is a brawler -AT: "a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "strong drink" refers to a person who is drunk with strong drink. AT: "a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## brawler ## +# a brawler a person who fights noisily, usually in a public place -## whoever is led astray by drink is not wise ## +# whoever is led astray by drink is not wise -AT: "whoever drink leads astray is not wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whoever drinks until they can no longer think clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## drink ## +# by drink -This refers to alcoholic drinks. \ No newline at end of file +Here "drink" refers to alcoholic drinks + +# is not wise + +This means the opposite of "wise" which is "foolish." AT: "is foolish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# The fear of a king is like the fear of a young lion that is roaring + +This compares how people fear a king's wrath to how they fear a young roaring lion. AT: "The king's wrath makes people as afraid as if they were facing a young lion roaring at them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# makes him angry + +"makes the king angry" + +# forfeits his life + +This refers to being killed. "Life" here refers to physical life. AT: "will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/03.md b/pro/20/03.md index 16b04c35e8..47fe19b8d4 100644 --- a/pro/20/03.md +++ b/pro/20/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## plow ## +# It is an honor -get the land ready for planting +"It is honorable." This means that a person will be honored. -## autumn ## +# every fool jumps into an argument -"the planting season" \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of entering an argument quickly as if the argument were something the fool physically jumped into. AT: "every fool quickly gets into an argument" or "every fool is quick to join an argument" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# plow + +to prepare land for planting + +# autumn + +"the planting season" + +# but will have nothing + +This means that there will be nothing growing in his field for him to harvest. AT: "but will have nothing to harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/05.md b/pro/20/05.md index a15206379d..68a6dcf89b 100644 --- a/pro/20/05.md +++ b/pro/20/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## The purposes in a human heart are like deep water ## +# The purpose in a human heart is like deep water -How difficult it is to guess the reasons for someone's actions is compared to how hard it is to see the bottem of a deep lake or river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This speaks of how difficult it is to understand the reasons for a person's actions by comparing it to the difficulty of reaching the water in a deep well. AT: "It is as difficult to understand the purpose in the human heart as it is to reach the water in a deep well" or "The purpose of in the human heart is very difficult to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## will draw them out ## +# someone with understanding -AT: "will cause the purposes to be known" or "will figure it out" +"a person who has understanding" -## loyal ## +# will draw it out + +This speaks of figuring out the purpose of the human heart as if it was water being drawn from a deep well. AT: "will cause the purpose to be known" or "will figure it out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# loyal "faithful" or "trustworthy" -## but who can find one who is faithful? ## +# but who can find one who is faithful? -The implicit answer is "few can find someone like that" AT: "but few men can find a person who is faithful" or "but it is hard to find a person who really is faithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The implicit answer is "few can find someone like that." This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "but few men can find a person who is faithful!" or "but it is hard to find a person who really is faithful!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/07.md b/pro/20/07.md index e161c3c340..6c6555945d 100644 --- a/pro/20/07.md +++ b/pro/20/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## walks in his integrity ## +# walks in his integrity -See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:1](../19/01.md). +Here walking refers to living. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:1](../19/01.md). AT: "lives by his integrity" or "lives an honest life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## winnowing with his eyes all the evil that is before him ## +# his sons who follow after him -AT: "seeing and sorting the different forms of evils" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This simply means that they "follow after him" since they are younger than he and his children. If this phrase is awkward in your language it may be left to be implied. AT: "his sons after him" or "his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# is winnowing with his eyes all the evil that is before him + +This speaks of the king judging between various types of evil as if he were separating them as a person winnows grain. AT: "sees and sorts the different kinds of evils that are brought before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/09.md b/pro/20/09.md index 6642e7f387..57e9ae86bd 100644 --- a/pro/20/09.md +++ b/pro/20/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Who can say, "I have kept my heart clean, I am free from my sin?" ## +# Who can say, "I have kept my heart clean; I am free from my sin"? -AT: "No one can say that his heart is clean and that he is free from sin" or "everyone has to say that his heart is not clean and that he is a sinner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The implicit answer to this question is, "No one can say that." This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can say that his heart is clean and that he is free from sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## my heart ## +# my heart -AT: "myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here a person's "heart" refers to his thoughts and desires. AT: "my thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I am free from sin ## +# clean -AT: "I have not sinned" \ No newline at end of file +A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person where physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am free from my sin + +"I am without sin" or "I have not sinned" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/11.md b/pro/20/11.md index 89503336a5..c188858e4c 100644 --- a/pro/20/11.md +++ b/pro/20/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## a youth is known by his actions ## +# Even a youth is known by his actions -AT: "people know a young man by his actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People know a young man by his actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## his conduct ## +# whether his conduct is pure and upright -"his deeds" AT: "what he does" +"whether his conduct is pure and upright or not" -## pure and upright ## +# his conduct -These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how good this young person is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"his deeds" or "what he does" -## Ears that hear and eyes that see ## +# pure and upright + +These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how good this young person is. They can be combined into one word if necessary. AT: "pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Ears that hear and eyes that see The same thought is repeated to emphasize that Yahweh made all our senses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/13.md b/pro/20/13.md index ff69057383..b48fe178fc 100644 --- a/pro/20/13.md +++ b/pro/20/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## open your eyes ## +# come to poverty -AT: "wake up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "come to" here means to transition into a new situation; to become. AT: "become poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# open your eyes + +Here "opening one's eyes" is spoken of as "being awake." AT: "stay awake" or "be alert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# "Bad! Bad!" says the buyer, but when he goes away he boasts + +Here a buyer is criticizing what someone is selling to get a low price from him. After he buys he boasts about the good price that he pursuaded the seller to give him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "'Bad! Bad!' says the buyer criticizing the seller's wares, but after he buys he goes away he boasting about the low price that he paid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/15.md b/pro/20/15.md index 82f6bdc8ac..32446e7b1a 100644 --- a/pro/20/15.md +++ b/pro/20/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## lips of knowledge are a precious jewel ## +# lips of knowledge are a precious jewel -Lips of knowledge are compared to a valuable jewel. AT: "lips of knowledge are as valuable as an expensive jewel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of the value of lips of knowledge by comparing them to a precious jewel. AT: "lips of knowledge are as valuable as an expensive jewel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## lips of knowledge ## +# lips of knowledge -AT: "wise words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "words" are referred to as "lips." AT: "wise words" or "words of knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## puts up money as security for a stranger's debt ## +# Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger -AT: "agrees to pay off the loan of a stranger if he does not pay" +When lending money, the lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## adulteresses ## +# puts up security -See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. It means that someone gives something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. AT: "guarantees that what has been borrowed will be paid back" or "promises to pay a loan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# hold it in pledge + +This is an idiom. To "hold something in pledge" means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. AT: "hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/17.md b/pro/20/17.md index 2909169586..09a9f3fc8c 100644 --- a/pro/20/17.md +++ b/pro/20/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Bread gained by deceit ## +# Bread gained by deceit -AT: "Food that someone gained by deceiving others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Bread that someone gained by deceit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## tastes sweet ## +# by deceit + +The word "deceit" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "by deceiving others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Bread + +Here "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "Food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tastes sweet "tastes good" -## gravel ## +# but afterward his mouth will be full of gravel + +This speaks of the food tasting unpleasant as if his mouth were actually full of gravel instead of food. AT: "but afterwards it tastes like gravel in his mouth" or "but soon it tastes like sand in his mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# gravel small pieces of rock -## Plans are established by advice ## +# Plans are established by advice -AT: "People establish plans by advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People establish plans based on advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/19.md b/pro/20/19.md index df06ce987b..3ab69e1e08 100644 --- a/pro/20/19.md +++ b/pro/20/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## not associate with ## +# A gossip -AT: "be friends with" +This means someone who gossips a lot. -## his lamp will be snuffed out in the middle of darkness ## +# you should not associate with -AT: "his life will end like when someone snuffs out a lamp and is left in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"you should not be friends with" + +# If a person curses + +This means if a someone express a desire that bad things will happen to someone else. + +# his lamp will be snuffed out in the middle of darkness + +This speaks of a person dying suddenly and unexpectedly as if his life were a lamp snuffed out in the dark. AT: "his life will end as suddenly as the light of a lamp that is snuffed out in the dark" or "he will die suddenly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his lamp will be snuffed out + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "his lamp will go out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his lamp + +This refers to a lamp with a burning flame. Here the lamp's flame is referred to as the lamp itself. AT: "the flame of his lamp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# snuffed out + +to cause a flame to go out \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/21.md b/pro/20/21.md index fa29978764..ce4670c51e 100644 --- a/pro/20/21.md +++ b/pro/20/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I will pay you back ## +# at the beginning -AT: "I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This refers to a person receiving his inheritance before he is supposed to receive it. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "before the right time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Wait for Yahweh ## +# I will pay you back -AT: "Have faith in Yahweh" or "Hope in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means to do wrong to someone because they have done wrong to you. AT: "I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Wait for Yahweh + +This means to have faith that Yahweh will deal with the situation. AT: "Have faith in Yahweh" or "Hope in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/23.md b/pro/20/23.md index cf8aed0eb2..7788464090 100644 --- a/pro/20/23.md +++ b/pro/20/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Yahweh hates unequal weights, and dishonest scales are not good ## +# Yahweh hates unequal weights and dishonest scales are not good These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize how bad this is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## A person's steps are directed by Yahweh ## +# A person's steps are directed by Yahweh -AT: "Yahweh direct a person's steps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh directs a person's steps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## how then can he understand his way? ## +# A person's steps -The implicit answer is that he cannot. AT: "therefore, a person cannot understand his way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This refers to the various things a person does. AT: "A person's actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## understand his way ## +# how then can he understand his way? -AT: "know why some things happen in his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The implicit answer is that he cannot understand it. This rhetorical question may be written as a statement. AT: "therefore, a person cannot understand his way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# understand his way + +This is an idiom. The phrase "his way" refers to the person's life. AT: "understand why some things happen in his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/25.md b/pro/20/25.md index ac2e8087b1..a101b787dd 100644 --- a/pro/20/25.md +++ b/pro/20/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## It is a snare ## +# It is a snare -AT: "It is dangerous" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of something being dangerous as if it were a trap or a snare. AT: "It is dangerous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## rashly ## +# to say rashly -quickly without thinking +to say something quickly and without careful consideration of what it might mean -## making his vow ## +# making his vow -AT: "saying that" or "declaring it holy" +The person has made a vow declaring that something is holy and dedicated to Yahweh. AT: "dedicating it to Yahweh" or "declaring it holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## winnows out the wicked ## +# winnows the wicked -"separates the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the king separating the wicked people as if they were grain that he was winnowing. AT: "separates the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wicked + +This refers to wicked people. AT: "those who are wicked" or "the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# he turns a threshing wheel over them + +This speaks of the king punishing the wicked as if he were driving a threshing wheel over them. AT: "he severely punishes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# threshing wheel + +"threshing cart." This is a tool used to crush grain and help separate it from the chaff. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/27.md b/pro/20/27.md index 5c1a757c1a..46def0037f 100644 --- a/pro/20/27.md +++ b/pro/20/27.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## The spirit of a person ... all his inmost parts ## +# The spirit of a person is the lamp of Yahweh, searching all his inmost parts -A person's spirit is like a lamp that Yahweh has given us to see. AT: "Yahweh has given us a spirit to understand our deepest selves, just as a lamp makes you see in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of a person's spirit as if it were a lamp. A person's spirit helps him to understand his inner self. AT: "Yahweh has given us a spirit to understand our deepest selves, just as a lamp makes you see in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## preserve ## +# Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness preserve the king -to keep safe from harm or loss +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be stated as "faithful" and "trustworthy." This can also be stated in active form. AT: "The king preserves himself by being trustworthy and faithful to the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## his throne is made secure by love ## +# preserve the king -AT: "love makes his throne secure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +keep the king safe from harm -## his throne ## +# his throne is made secure by love -AT: "his rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## secure ## - -"safe" \ No newline at end of file +Here "throne" represents the king's power to rule. The abstract noun "love" can be stated as a verb. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "a king ensures that he will rule for a long time by loving others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/29.md b/pro/20/29.md index 2c1674c08a..d1652930d3 100644 --- a/pro/20/29.md +++ b/pro/20/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## Blows that make a wound ... and beatings make ... ## +# Blows that make a wound cleanse away evil and beatings make the innermost parts clean -These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## cleanse away evil ## - -AT: "make a person less evil" - -## make the innermost parts clean ## - -AT: "make a person better in his innermost parts" \ No newline at end of file +Both statements mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. Using physical punishment to correct a person is spoken of as if the evil were dirt and the beatings cleansed him. AT: "Beating a person who has done wrong will correct him and cause him to be a better person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/20/intro.md b/pro/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..82ac6e8e8e --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/01.md b/pro/21/01.md index 7e405be483..e9b2e9a914 100644 --- a/pro/21/01.md +++ b/pro/21/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## The king's heart is a stream of water in the hand of Yahweh ## +# The king's heart is a stream of water in the hand of Yahweh -AT: "Yahweh controls the king's heart, as a man directs water for irrigation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of the king's heart as if it were an irrigation ditch in a dry area through which people direct water to plants that need it. AT: "Yahweh controls the king's heart as a man directs water for irrigation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The king's heart ## +# The king's heart -AT: "The king's thoughts and actions" or "The king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The heart is a metaphor for what a person thinks and what he wants to do. AT: "The king's thoughts and actions" or "What the king thinks and what he wants to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## right to him ## +# Every person's way is right in his own eyes -AT: "morally correct to him" +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if it that person were walking down a path. AT: "Every person thinks that what he does is good" or "Every person judges what he does as good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who weighs the hearts ## +# who weighs the hearts -AT: "who will judge the motives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of Yahweh deciding whether a person desires to do what is right as if Yahweh were looking at a physical object and deciding whether it is of good quality. AT: "who will judge the motives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/03.md b/pro/21/03.md index ed783b8990..0c5398407e 100644 --- a/pro/21/03.md +++ b/pro/21/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## right and just ## +# To do what is right -These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how important it is to be just. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"To do what Yahweh thinks is right" -## is more acceptable to Yahweh ## +# To do what is ... just -AT: "Yahweh wants this more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"To treat people the way Yahweh wants people to treat other people" -## haughty eyes and a proud heart ## +# just is more acceptable to Yahweh -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how bad pride is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"just—Yahweh wants this more" -## eyes ... heart ## +# Haughty eyes and a proud heart -Both these words refer to a whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The words "eyes" and "heart" are synecdoches for a person who considers himself better than other people and wants other people to know it. AT: "People who want others to think that they are better than other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the lamp of the wicked ## +# Haughty eyes -AT: "the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# proud heart + +This is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the lamp of the wicked + +The things that help the wicked are spoken of as a lamp. AT: "the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/05.md b/pro/21/05.md index 4cd0e84c8d..d07e3e38be 100644 --- a/pro/21/05.md +++ b/pro/21/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## the diligent ## +# the diligent -"a diligent man" AT: "a man who works hard" +This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "a diligent man" or "a man who works hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## comes only to poverty ## +# comes only to poverty -"only becomes poor" +The abstract noun "poverty" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "only becomes poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Acquiring riches ## +# Acquiring riches -"Obtaining riches" or "Gaining wealth" +"Gaining wealth" -## a lying tongue ## +# a lying tongue -AT: "speaking lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The tongue is a metonym for the words a person uses the tongue to speak. AT: "speaking lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a fleeting vapor ## +# a fleeting vapor -These riches are compared to a mist that quickly goes away in the morning. "a disappearing mist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer likens the riches a person gains by lying to a mist that quickly goes away in the morning. AT: "a disappearing mist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and a snare of death ## +# a snare that kills -Riches gotten dishonestly will kill the person who has them. \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of the riches that a person gains by lying as if it were the bait in a hunter's trap; the word "snare" is a metonym for the bait that attracts the animal into the snare. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/07.md b/pro/21/07.md index e0cda71215..732add3cb2 100644 --- a/pro/21/07.md +++ b/pro/21/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## will sweep them away ## +# The violence of the wicked will drag them away -Violence is compared to a flood. "will drag them away" or "will ruin them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks as though violence were a person who could drag other people away. God will punish wicked people who harm their innocent neighbors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## The way of a guilty person is crooked ## +# violence of the wicked -AT: "the way a guilty person lives is crooked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The abstract noun "violence" refers to violent deeds or things people do to harm their innocent neighbors. The word "wicked" is a nominal adjective that refers to wicked people. AT: "The violent actions of wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## crooked ## +# drag them away -“bent” or “not straight” AT: "wrong" \ No newline at end of file +This phrase refers to dragging a net through water to catch fish. The wicked being destroyed by their own actions is spoken of as if their actions trapped them in a net like one would catch fish. AT "drag them away like fish" or "destroy them as easily as one catches fish in a net" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The way of a guilty person is crooked + +This compares the way one lives to a crooked road one may travel. This is also an idiom. AT: "The way a guilty person lives is crooked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# crooked + +Here "crooked" means bent or not straight. This is a metaphor for morally wrong. AT: "wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/09.md b/pro/21/09.md index cd36785ddc..835d31c531 100644 --- a/pro/21/09.md +++ b/pro/21/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## a corner of the housetop ## +# a corner of the roof -"the edge of the roof" +Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## craves ## +# quarrelsome -"strongly desires" AT: "really wants to do something" +a person who often argues or complains -## no kindness in his eyes ## +# The appetite of the wicked craves evil -AT: "that he is not kind" or "that he is very mean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]], and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of a person's appetite, the physical desire for food and drink, as if it were a person who could desire something. The word "wicked" is a nominal adjective that refers to evil people, and the word "evil" is a nominal adjective that refers to evil deeds. AT: "Evil people desire to do evil deeds just as they desire to eat and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# craves + +"strongly desires" + +# his neighbor finds no favor in his eyes + +The idiom to "find favor" means to have someone approve of and act kindly towards the one who finds favor. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents a person's thoughts and attitude towards another person. AT: "his neighbor does not receive favor from him" or "he does not act kindly towards his neighbor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/11.md b/pro/21/11.md index db2225ec8b..33a6e4c069 100644 --- a/pro/21/11.md +++ b/pro/21/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## When the mocker is punished ## +# When the mocker is punished -AT: "When someone punishes the mocker" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "When someone punishes the mocker" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## when the wise person is instructed ## +# naive -AT: "when someone instructs the wise person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"inexperienced, immature" -## watches ## +# the mocker -AT: "carefully considers" or "pays attention to" +"the person who mocks others" -## overthrows ## +# when the wise person is instructed -"ruins" or "destroys" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "when someone instructs the wise person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he brings down the wicked to ruin ## +# lays hold of knowledge -"to ruin them" or "to destroy them" \ No newline at end of file +Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The righteous + +Possible meanings are 1) any righteous person or 2) "Yahweh the one who is righteous." + +# watches + +"pays careful attention to" + +# he brings wicked people to disaster + +Here disaster is spoken of as if it were a place that someone could be brought to. AT: "he destroys them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/13.md b/pro/21/13.md index c01fc29ef3..b187d8e53c 100644 --- a/pro/21/13.md +++ b/pro/21/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## not hear the cry of the poor ## +# The one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poor -"not listen to the outcry of the poor" AT: "not pay attention to how the poor suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he will not be heard ## +# he will not be answered -AT: "no one will hear him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "answered" is a metonym for a person hearing another person ask for help and acting to help. This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one will do anything to help him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## A gift in secret ... a concealed gift takes ... ## +# appeases anger -These two phrases repeat the same idea to emphasize how effective this can be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## appeases anger ## - -AT: "turns anger into peace" \ No newline at end of file +"makes an angry person feel better so he is no longer angry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/15.md b/pro/21/15.md index fbe74c69cc..ef3a5eed33 100644 --- a/pro/21/15.md +++ b/pro/21/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## When justice is done ## +# When justice is done -AT: "When rulers do what is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated as a noun phrase. These words can be translated in active form. AT: "When rulers do what is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## wanders from ## +# wanders from the way of understanding -AT: "walks away from" or "abandons" +This is an idiom. AT: "no longer lives wisely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the way of understanding ## +# he will rest in the assembly of the dead -AT: "the wise and just way of living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## he will rest in the assembly of the dead ## - -"he will remain in the assembly of dead spirits" AT: "he will rest in the place where dead spirits come together to rest" \ No newline at end of file +"he will remain in the assembly of dead spirits" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/17.md b/pro/21/17.md index c4caaaee72..ee0f3d5db8 100644 --- a/pro/21/17.md +++ b/pro/21/17.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -Both verse 17 and verse 18 are a parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# is ransom for -## becomes ransom for ... is ransom for ## +The word "ransom" is a metaphor for one person who takes the place of another person. Here the person who does what is wrong is punished instead of the person who does what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -To be or become the ransom for someone else means that you have to pay their financial debt or their moral penalty. AT: "will pay the debt of ... pays the debt of" or "will be punished instead of ... is punished instead of" +# the treacherous -## the treacherous ## +a person who harms those who trust him by lying and otherwise dealing falsely -someone who cannot be trusted +# upright people -## the upright ## - -See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:31](../03/31.md). \ No newline at end of file +"righteous people" or "honest people" or "just people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/19.md b/pro/21/19.md index 4dea8c98a4..817d402628 100644 --- a/pro/21/19.md +++ b/pro/21/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## stirs up strife ## +# wise -AT: "makes people angry with each other" or "causes strong disagreements between people" +This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "wise person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## wastes them ## +# wastes them -"swallows them up" AT: "spends them all" \ No newline at end of file +"uses them all" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/21.md b/pro/21/21.md index 903ec15b03..4486a11687 100644 --- a/pro/21/21.md +++ b/pro/21/21.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## goes up against the city ## +# scales the city -AT: "attacks the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"climbs up and over the wall that surrounds the city" -## the city of the mighty ## +# the city of the mighty ones -AT: "the city of mighty men" or "the city of mighty warriors" (UDB) +"a city in which mighty men are living" or "a city of mighty warriors" -## he brings down ## +# he brings down -AT: "he destroys" or "he first brings down" +This is an idiom. AT: "he destroys" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the stronghold that defended it ## +# the stronghold in which they trusted -AT: "the fortress that would have made it impossible to conquer the city" \ No newline at end of file +"the walls and towers around the city that they did not think anyone would be able to get past into the city, so they felt safe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/23.md b/pro/21/23.md index af0d2490f5..2df961081e 100644 --- a/pro/21/23.md +++ b/pro/21/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Whoever guards his mouth and tongue ## +# Whoever guards his mouth and tongue Both "mouth" and "tongue" refer to what a person says. AT: "Whoever is careful in what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## proud and haughty ## +# The proud and haughty person ... acts with arrogant pride + +"You can expect a proud and haughty people to act with arrogant pride" + +# proud and haughty These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful the person is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the "mocker" is his name ## +# "Mocker" is his name -This phrase refers to the proud and haughty person and is spoken as if speaking to someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) - -## is his name ## - -AT: "is his character" or "is what you should call him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "name" is a metonym for what people would call him. AT: "a mocker is what you should call him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/25.md b/pro/21/25.md index 5d5fa7e93b..225244551e 100644 --- a/pro/21/25.md +++ b/pro/21/25.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## The desire of the lazy ## +# The desire of the lazy kills him -AT: "What a lazy person wants to do" +The writer speaks of what a person wants as if it were a person who could kill a lazy person. Here the lazy person wants to be idle and not work. AT: "A lazy person only wants to be idle, and because of that he will die" or "A lazy person will die because he does not want to work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## his hand ## +# his hands refuse -AT: "he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The hand is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "he refuses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## craves ## +# craves "wants greatly" or "desires strongly" -## does not hold back ## +# gives and does not hold back -AT: "gives generously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "does not hold back" can be stated positively, and what he gives can be made explicit. AT: "gives everything he should" or "gives generously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/27.md b/pro/21/27.md index a0ac7f68b6..2c1ca04c0c 100644 --- a/pro/21/27.md +++ b/pro/21/27.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## is detestable ## +# The sacrifice of the wicked is detestable -"is disgusting" AT: "causes strong dislike" +The writer does not mention Yahweh here, as in [Proverbs 15:8](../15/07.md), but the reader should understand that it is Yahweh who detests the sacrifice of the wicked. -## it is even more detestable when ## +# the wicked -AT: "especially when" +The nominal adjective "wicked" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "the wicked person" or "wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## will speak for all time ## +# it is even more detestable -AT: "will speak unto the end" or "will always be allowed to speak" \ No newline at end of file +"Yahweh detests the sacrifice even more" + +# will speak for all time + +This is because people will never forget what he said. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/29.md b/pro/21/29.md index 5af24099d1..62e67277d5 100644 --- a/pro/21/29.md +++ b/pro/21/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## his face ## +# makes his face hard -AT: "himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "pretends to be courageous" or 2) "will not listen to correction." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## is careful about his actions ## +# is certain about his ways -AT: "acts with understanding." Other translations may read "acts only after planning" or "is deliberate in his actions." \ No newline at end of file +A person's actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which the person walks. AT: "is certain about what he does" or "is confident about what he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/30.md b/pro/21/30.md index 8e3d8315f7..22c79d127b 100644 --- a/pro/21/30.md +++ b/pro/21/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice ## +# There is no wisdom, there is no understanding, and there is no advice that -These three words refer to the same thing. AT: "Absolutely no human knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "there is" are repeated to emphasize the abstract nouns "wisdom," "understanding," and "advice." Yahweh is greater than anything that anyone can know or think or say. Your language may require that you not repeat "there is no." The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives or verbs. AT: "There is no wise person, there is no one who understands anything, and there is no one who tells others what to do who" or "There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## The horse is prepared for the day of battle ## +# stand against Yahweh -AT: "Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"defeat Yahweh" or "work against what Yahweh wants to do" or "show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong" -## the day of battle ## +# The horse is prepared for the day of battle -AT: "when there is a battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +These words can be translated in active form. AT: "Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the day of battle + +The word "day" refers to time that may be longer or shorter than a day. AT: "when there is a battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/21/intro.md b/pro/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7345e540f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/01.md b/pro/22/01.md index 1c30ed30fd..cca33d9320 100644 --- a/pro/22/01.md +++ b/pro/22/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## A good name is ... and favor is better ... ## +# A good name is to be chosen over great riches -These two lines say basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how important this is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These words can be translated in active form. AT: "A person should choose a good name rather than great riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## A good name is to be chosen over great riches ## +# A good name -AT: "A person should choose a good reputation over great riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"To have others think that one is a good person" -## have this in common ## +# have this in common -"share the fact that" \ No newline at end of file +"are alike in one way" or "are the same in this way" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/03.md b/pro/22/03.md index 931e25ab41..dbe9dc7a6e 100644 --- a/pro/22/03.md +++ b/pro/22/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## prudent ## +# A prudent man -See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:15](../12/15.md). +"A man who is wise" or "A man who has good sense." See how you translated "prudent" in [Proverbs 12:16](../12/15.md). -## push ahead ## +# the naive -"pass through" AT: "keep going" \ No newline at end of file +"the inexperienced and immature" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/05.md b/pro/22/05.md index 3d2e1dbada..b2f19d61ab 100644 --- a/pro/22/05.md +++ b/pro/22/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## thorns and snares ## +# Thorns and snares lie in the path of the perverse -These two words together describe the dangers of the path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The writer speaks of the way perverse people live as if it were a path on which the perverse will have trouble because of the natural "thorns" and man-made "snares." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## snare ## +# snares -a trap to catch animals +traps to catch animals -## whoever guards his soul ## +# the perverse -"anyone who protects himself" AT: "whoever is careful with himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "perverse people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## the way he should go ## +# whoever guards his life -AT: "how he should live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +A person doing what he needs to do so he can live a long time is spoken of as if that person were keeping thieves away from a physical object. AT: "people who want to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the way he should go + +How a person lives is spoken of as if it were a path on which he walks. AT: "how he should live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/07.md b/pro/22/07.md index 189a47e0f8..b79a198595 100644 --- a/pro/22/07.md +++ b/pro/22/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## borrows ... lends ## +# borrows ... lends -AT: "borrows money ... lends money" +You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. AT: "borrows money ... lends money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## He who sows wickedness will reap trouble ## +# He who sows injustice will reap trouble -AT: "A person who does bad things will get in trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. AT: "If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the rod of his fury ## +# the rod of his fury will fade away -AT: "his anger" or "becoming very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "rod" is a metonym for power over other people. Possible meanings are 1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or 2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. AT: "he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## will be of no use ## +# rod of his fury -"will not help him" \ No newline at end of file +The word "rod" is a metonym for power over other people. The unjust man was harming innocent people as if he were very angry with them. AT: "the rod he had used as if he were punishing people" or "the power he used to harm others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will fade away + +The word translated "fade away" is also used of plants drying up. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/09.md b/pro/22/09.md index 6b7e1b771d..ff72d37659 100644 --- a/pro/22/09.md +++ b/pro/22/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## The one who has a generous eye will be blessed ## +# The one who has a generous eye will be blessed -AT: "God will bless the one who has a generous eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These words can be translated in active form. AT: "God will bless the one who has a generous eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## has a generous eye ## +# one who has a generous eye -AT: "has a generous attitude" or "is generous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The eye is a metonym for seeing what other people need, and the "generous eye" not only sees but gives what the other people need. The eye is also a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "generous person" or "person who is willing to give things to other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## generous ## +# bread -giving, unselfish \ No newline at end of file +Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, it is often used to refer to food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# disputes and insults will cease + +The abstract nouns "disputes" and "insults" can be translated as verbs. AT: "people will no longer argue with each other or say things to hurt each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/11.md b/pro/22/11.md index 4c728ca20e..e28faa3525 100644 --- a/pro/22/11.md +++ b/pro/22/11.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## loves a pure heart ## +# loves a pure heart -AT: "loves having a pure heart" or "wants to be pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +It is his own heart that the person wants to be pure. The heart is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "loves having a pure heart" or "wants to be pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## whose speech is gracious ## +# gracious -AT: "who speak gracefully" +"kind" -## The eyes of Yahweh ## +# The eyes of Yahweh keep watch over -AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The eyes are a synecdoche for the person. The writer speaks as if Yahweh had physical eyes like a person. AT: "Yahweh keeps watch over" or "Yahweh guards knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## keep watch over knowledge ## +# keep watch over knowledge -AT: "protect knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Keeping watch is s metonym for protecting. AT: "protect knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## overthrows ## +# overthrows -"destroys" or "ruins" +"destroys" -## treacherous ## +# the treacherous -"a treacherous person." See how you translated this in [Proverbs 11:3](../11/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +The nominal adjective treacherous can be translated as a noun phrase. Translate "treacherous" as in [Proverbs 11:3](../11/03.md). AT: "a treacherous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/13.md b/pro/22/13.md index 52cdc818cf..b7bb3fb07a 100644 --- a/pro/22/13.md +++ b/pro/22/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## A lazy person says ## +# The lazy person says The quote that follows is a lie and an excuse for not working. If your language introduces false statements in a special way, you can use that here. -## The mouth of an adulteress is a deep pit ## +# The mouth of an adulteress is a deep pit -AT: "The mouth of an adulteress may cause you to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "mouth" is a metonym for the words that come out of the mouth. The writer speaks of a person being unable to escape having people punish him for evil deeds as if that person had fallen into a hole someone had dug in the ground from which he could not escape. AT: "The words spoken by an adulteress will draw you in, and it will be as if you have fallen into a deep and dangerous pit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The mouth of an adulteress ## +# an adulteress -AT: "What an adulteress says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +See how you translated this in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md). -## an adulteress ## +# Yahweh's anger is stirred up -See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md). +Here "stirred up" means that his anger increased. AT: "Yahweh is angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Yahweh's anger is stirred up ## +# falls into it -AT: "Yahweh is angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## falls into it ## - -AT: "sins because of the adulteress" \ No newline at end of file +Adultery is spoken of as if it is something that a person can fall into. AT: "sins because of the adulteress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/15.md b/pro/22/15.md index 076a027ab9..dea130707b 100644 --- a/pro/22/15.md +++ b/pro/22/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Foolishness is bound up in the heart of a child ## +# Foolishness is bound up in the heart of a child -AT: "The heart of a child is full of foolish things" +"The heart of a child is full of foolish things" -## the rod of discipline ## +# the rod of discipline -AT: "discipline" or "a strict upbringing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The writer speaks of a parent using any form of discipline as if that parent were hitting the child with a wooden rod. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## drives it far away ## +# drives it far away -AT: "will take away the foolishness" or "will make a child wise" +The writer speaks as if foolishness were a person that another person could use a physical rod to drive away. AT: "will make a child wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to increase his wealth ## +# to increase his wealth "to become richer" or "to gain more money" -## gives to the rich ## +# gives to rich people -AT: "gives money to the rich" +"gives money to rich people" -## will come to poverty ## +# will come to poverty -"will become poor" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "will become poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/17.md b/pro/22/17.md index e723f624a9..23800ed8c4 100644 --- a/pro/22/17.md +++ b/pro/22/17.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Pay attention and hear ## +# General Information: -These two verbs means the same thing and emphasize the importance of listening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Verse 17 begins the introduction to a new section of the Book of Proverbs. -## the words of the wise ## +# Incline your ear and listen -AT: "what wise people say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "ear" represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated "incline your ear" in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). AT: "Pay attention and listen" or "Listen attentively" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## apply your heart ## +# the words of the wise -AT: "do your best to remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"what wise people say" -## my knowledge ## +# apply your heart to -The person speaking is probably the same as the father from the first chapter. +This is an idiom. AT: "do your best to understand and remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## ready on your lips ## +# my knowledge -AT: "available in your memory" or "in your mind, ready for you to recite them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The person speaking is probably the same as the father from [Proverbs 1:8](../01/07.md). He may be speaking of "the words of the wise" as "my knowledge." The abstract noun "knowledge" can be stated as "know." AT: "the knowledge I have, which I am sharing with you" or "what I know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## even to you ## +# all of them are ready on your lips -This is repeated to emphasize the personal nature of this teaching. \ No newline at end of file +The person being ready to speak is spoken of as if it were the words that were ready. AT: "you are able to speak of them at any time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# today—even to you + +"today. Yes, I am teaching you," The speaker is emphasizing that it is the hearer, not someone else whom he is teaching, and he is teaching the hearer because the hearer needs to learn. If it is awkward in your language to emphasize in this way, you can emphasize in another way or the words "even to you" can be left untranslated. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/20.md b/pro/22/20.md index 6d8f9a02e2..67dec32128 100644 --- a/pro/22/20.md +++ b/pro/22/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Have I not written for you ## +# General Information: -The answer to this question is "yes." AT: "I have written for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These verses continue and end the introduction that began in [Proverbs 22:17](./17.md). -## instruction and knowledge ## +# Have I not written for you ... you? -These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the content of the thirty sayings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You need to know that I have written for you ... you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## to those who sent you ## +# thirty sayings -This implies that the person listening is or will be a messenger, a function similar to a diplomat or a negociator. \ No newline at end of file +Some translations read, "excellent sayings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +# to those who sent you + +This implies that the hearer is or will be one whom others send to gain and bring back information. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/22.md b/pro/22/22.md index 5eadcb080a..82cd18afaa 100644 --- a/pro/22/22.md +++ b/pro/22/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## crush the needy ## +# General Information: -AT: "oppress people who are in need" +These verses begin the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](./20.md)). -## at the gate ## +# Do not rob ... or crush -This refers to the place where business transactions and judgements were made. AT: "during negotiations" or "in legal disputes" +If your language has a way of showing that this is the way one person would speak strongly to another, different from a general rule that people are supposed to obey, you should use it here. -## Yahweh will plead their case ## +# the poor -AT: "Yahweh will defend people in need" +This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "any poor person" or "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## he will rob those of life who robbed them ## +# crush -This phrase means that Yahweh will destroy those who oppress poor people. AT: "he will kill those who oppress poor people" \ No newline at end of file +grind into powder. This is a metaphor for "treat unjustly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the needy + +This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "any needy person" or "any person who does not have what he needs to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# at the gate + +The place where people bought and sold items and settled legal arguments is used as a metonym for business and legal activity. AT: "in court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh will plead their case + +The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. AT: "Yahweh will defend the needy from those who oppress them" or "Yahweh will see that the needy receive justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will rob of life those who robbed them + +Yahweh is not a thief, but like a thief he will take life from those who do not choose to give it. AT: "he will destroy those who oppress poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/24.md b/pro/22/24.md index 04e22adc46..f6b663bff7 100644 --- a/pro/22/24.md +++ b/pro/22/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## rages ## +# General Information: + +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](./20.md)). + +# someone who is ruled by anger + +someone who is unable to control his anger (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rages shows violent anger -## entangle ## +# you will take bait for your soul -become involved or twisted up in a difficult situation +A person who wants to be like an angry person is like an animal taking the bait in a trap. AT: "you will be like an animal that eats the bait that closes a trap and is unable to escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## snare ## +# bait for your soul -a type of trap used to catch animals. See how you translated in [Proverbs 22:5](./05.md) \ No newline at end of file +The soul is a metonym for the person's life. AT: "bait that someone has put out so he can kill you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/26.md b/pro/22/26.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f58dd17a33 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/22/26.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](./20.md)). + +# strikes hands + +A person would strike his hand against another person's hand to bind himself to do what he had agreed to do. Here the speaker warns the hearer not to strike hands as a way to promise to pay off someone's debts. + +# in making a pledge + +"and agree to pay what someone owes to another person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/28.md b/pro/22/28.md index 34233e9e89..6a3f4a6e81 100644 --- a/pro/22/28.md +++ b/pro/22/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## ancient ## +# General Information: + +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](./20.md)). + +# ancient very old -## boundary stone ## +# boundary stone -a large stone to show the line that marks one area from another +a large stone that shows where one person's land ends and another person's land begins -## Do you see a man skilled at his work? ## +# fathers -AT: "Consider a man who is skilled at his work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +ancestors + +# Do you see a man skilled at his work? + +This rhetorical question is actually a command. AT: "Think of someone you know who is skilled at his work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# stand before + +This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/22/intro.md b/pro/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..12b525ded8 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Proverbs 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the "Wise Men." The exact identity of the men is unknown. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +##### Rhetorical questions ##### + +With this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/01.md b/pro/23/01.md index 356c979f10..87582173cf 100644 --- a/pro/23/01.md +++ b/pro/23/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -An unnamed wise person continues speaking +# General Information: -## put a knife to your throat ## +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -This means that a person should exercise self-discipline or self-control in the way he eats or speaks before a ruler. He should control his speech or appetite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# put a knife to your throat -## crave ## +Possible meanings of this exaggeration are 1) "be very careful not to eat too much" or 2) "do not eat anything at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"strongly desire" See how you translated this in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md) \ No newline at end of file +# Do not crave + +"Do not strongly desire." See how you translated "craves" in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md). + +# delicacies + +"special and expensive food" + +# it is the food of lies + +This is an idiom. "he is giving it to you so he can deceive you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/04.md b/pro/23/04.md index 34b03221a5..68b289f0f9 100644 --- a/pro/23/04.md +++ b/pro/23/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## your eyes light upon the money ## +# General Information: -AT: "you notice the money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## suddenly it takes up wings and flies off to the sky like an eagle ## +# Do not work too hard -This describes how quickly money or worldly riches can disappear, out of sight, as if it has grown wings like an eagle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Do not work so much that you are always tired" + +# light upon it + +land like a bird upon the wealth (verse 4). This is a metaphor for looking at the wealth for a short time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it will surely take up wings like an eagle and fly off + +A person losing his wealth is spoken of as if the wealth were a bird. AT: "the wealth will disappear as quickly as an eagle can fly away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# wings like an eagle + +wings like an eagle's wings \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/06.md b/pro/23/06.md index dae666ac9b..9302e22547 100644 --- a/pro/23/06.md +++ b/pro/23/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## crave ## +# General Information: -"strongly desire" See how you translated this in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md) +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## You will vomit up the little you have eaten ## +# one with an evil eye -AT: "You will feel disgusted when you eat with a selfish person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Possible meanings are 1) a stingy person, one who does not like to give things to other people, or 2) an evil person. -## compliment ## +# do not crave -something good or nice said about somebody or something \ No newline at end of file +"do not strongly desire." See how you translated "craves" in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md). + +# delicacies + +"special and expensive food." See how you translated this in [Proverbs 23:3](./01.md). + +# his heart is not with you + +This is an idiom. AT: "he really does not want you to enjoy the meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You will vomit up the little you have eaten + +This is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. AT: "You will wish that you had not eaten anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# you will have wasted your compliments + +Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. The abstract noun "compliments" can be translated as a verb. AT: "he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/09.md b/pro/23/09.md index e544af1a2d..6f0f70c2ed 100644 --- a/pro/23/09.md +++ b/pro/23/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## ancient boundary stone ## +# General Information: -very old and large stones to show the line that marks one area from another - See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md) +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## encroach ## +# in the hearing of a fool -slowly take or begin to use the land (or something) that belongs to someone else +The abstract noun "hearing" can be translated as a verb. AT: "where a fool can hear you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## orphans ## +# ancient -children whose parents are dead \ No newline at end of file +very old. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md). + +# boundary stone + +This is a large stone to show where one person's land ends and another person's land begins. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md). + +# encroach + +This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else. + +# orphans + +children whose parents are dead + +# their Redeemer + +Yahweh + +# he will plead their case against you + +The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. AT: "he will defend the orphans against you" or "he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/12.md b/pro/23/12.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4fe07fe315 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/23/12.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). + +# Apply your heart to + +This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:17](../22/17.md). AT: "Do your best to understand and remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# instruction + +Possible meanings are 1) "what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you" or 2) "what people say and do when they correct you." + +# your ears + +The ellipsis can be filled in. AT: "apply your ears" or "listen carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to words of knowledge + +"to me when I tell you what I know" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/13.md b/pro/23/13.md index 3305ea1300..58726aae6f 100644 --- a/pro/23/13.md +++ b/pro/23/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## Do not withhold discipline from a child ## +# General Information: -AT: "Discipline a child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). + +# Do not withhold instruction from a child + +The abstract noun "instruction" can be translated as a verb. AT: "Do not neglect to instruct a child" or "Do not refuse to instruct a child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# withhold + +refuse to give something that one knows another person needs + +# rod + +piece of wood + +# It is you who must beat him ... and save his soul + +"You are the one who must beat him ... and save his soul." No one else will do it. The hearer is responsible to save the child's soul from Sheol, and the way to save him is to beat him. + +# save his soul from Sheol + +If the hearer beats his children with the rod, they will not die young because they have done foolish or evil things. The word "soul" is a metonym for the person. Sheol is the world of the dead; going to the world of the dead is a euphemism for dying. AT: "you will keep him from the world of the dead" or "you will keep him from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/15.md b/pro/23/15.md index ebb85813b6..a95df27eb3 100644 --- a/pro/23/15.md +++ b/pro/23/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## when your lips speak ## +# General Information: -"Your lips" means the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). + +# when your lips speak + +"Your lips" means the whole person. AT: "when you speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/17.md b/pro/23/17.md index 0f9a286d99..ef8f8358ec 100644 --- a/pro/23/17.md +++ b/pro/23/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## your hope will not be cut off ## +# General Information: -"God's will keep the promises he made to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). + +# Do not let your heart envy sinners + +The word "heart" is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "Do not allow yourself to envy sinners" or "Make sure you do not envy sinners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# your hope will not be cut off + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "God will not allow anyone to cut off your hope" or "God will keep the promises he made to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/19.md b/pro/23/19.md index aab9b9028f..a1a92ef0fb 100644 --- a/pro/23/19.md +++ b/pro/23/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## drunkard ## +# General Information: -a person who gets drunk often +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## glutton ## +# Hear—you!—my son -a person who eats more than needed +"Listen carefully, my son." The speaker speaks an extra word to make sure the hearer is paying attention. -## slumber will clothe them with rags ## +# direct your heart in the way -This phrase describes how sleeping too much will cause the drunkard and the glutton to become poor and end up wearing rags. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Deciding to do what is right is spoken of as if one person were showing another person the correct path to follow. AT: "make sure you do what is wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# gluttonous eaters of meat + +Possible meanings are 1) "people who eat more meat than they need to" or 2) "meat" represents food in general. AT: "people who eat more food than they need to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# slumber will clothe them with rags + +The word "slumber" is an exaggeration for a person spending so much time enjoying food and drink that he does not do necessary work. This activity is spoken of as if it were a parent putting clothes on a child. AT: "because they spend so much time eating and drinking, they will do no work and so will become poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/22.md b/pro/23/22.md index 343cfc94fa..d1934f3607 100644 --- a/pro/23/22.md +++ b/pro/23/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## do not despise ## +# General Information: -"appreciate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## Buy the truth, but do not sell it; buy wisdom, discipline, and understanding ## +# do not despise -This phrase emphasizes the importance of having truth, wisdom, self-discipline and knowledge. These virtues are to be treasured and not sold. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated positively. AT: "show respect for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# Buy the truth, but do not sell it; buy wisdom, instruction, and understanding + +Another possible meaning is "Buy the truth, and do not sell wisdom, instruction, or understanding." The words "truth," "wisdom," "instruction," and "understanding" are abstract nouns that are spoken of as if they were physical items that a person can buy and sell in a market. They can be translated as verbs. AT: "Do what you need to do so you can know what is true, so you can be wise, so you can learn how to act, and so you can tell good from bad; never think of anything else as more important than these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/24.md b/pro/23/24.md index 5208d0bb88..578d586f45 100644 --- a/pro/23/24.md +++ b/pro/23/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## The father of the one who does right will greatly rejoice ... he that begets a wise child will be glad in him ## +# General Information: -These two phrases are saying the same thing and are used together for emphasis. AT: "The father of a righteous and wise son will be glad." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). + +# The father of the righteous person will greatly rejoice, and he who begets a wise child will be glad in him + +Another possible meaning is that "he that begets a wise child" explains who "the father of the righteous person" is. AT: "The father of the righteous person, he who begets a wise child, will greatly rejoice and will be glad in him." + +# will be glad in him + +"will be glad because of him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/26.md b/pro/23/26.md index 5b84c75896..6357835023 100644 --- a/pro/23/26.md +++ b/pro/23/26.md @@ -1,15 +1,43 @@ -## For a prostitute is a deep pit ## +# General Information: -AT: "Having sex with a prostitute is like falling into a dangerous trap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## another man's wife is a narrow pit ## +# give me your heart -AT: "Having sex with another man's wife is like falling into another kind of dangerous trap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "heart" is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. Possible meanings are 1) "pay careful attention" or 2) "trust me completely." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## She lies in wait ## +# let your eyes observe -AT: "she stays hidden while ready to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "observe" or "look carefully at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## traitor ## +# prostitute ... immoral woman -a person who deceives or harms someone who was trusting him \ No newline at end of file +There are two types of sexually immoral women. The "prostitute" is unmarried, "another man's wife" is married. Together they form a merism for any kind of sexually immoral woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# a prostitute is a deep pit + +The word "pit" is a metaphor for what happens to men who sleep with prostitutes. AT: "sleeping with a prostitute is like falling into a deep pit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# prostitute + +Here the word refers to any unmarried woman who engages in sexual activity, not only those who do so for money. + +# deep pit ... narrow well + +These are two places easy to fall into and hard to get out of, the "pit" because it is "deep" and the "well" because it is "narrow." + +# an immoral woman is a narrow well + +Doing evil for which one will be punished is spoken of as falling into a narrow place from which one cannot escape. AT: "Sleeping with another man's wife is like falling into a narrow well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# well + +a hole in the ground that people have dug to get to water + +# lies in wait + +stays hidden, ready to attack when a victim approaches + +# the treacherous + +This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective or verb. AT: "treacherous people" or "those who harm others by deceiving them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/29.md b/pro/23/29.md index b6c3a916bc..7fbb63b9ad 100644 --- a/pro/23/29.md +++ b/pro/23/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has fights? Who has complaining? Who has wounds for no reason? Who has bloodshot eyes? ## +# General Information: -The writer uses these questions to prepare the reader for the point he is about to make about a particular type of person. He does not expect an answer to each question (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## bloodshot eyes ## +# Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has fights? Who has complaining? Who has wounds for no reason? Who has bloodshot eyes? + +The writer uses these questions to prepare the reader for the point he is about to make about a particular type of person. He does not expect an answer to each question. Your language may have a different way of introducing a lesson. AT: "Listen to me while I tell you what kind of person has woe, sorrow, fights, complaining, wounds for no reason, and bloodshot eyes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# bloodshot eyes "eyes red, like the color of blood" -## Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wine ## +# Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wine -This describe people who drink too much wine and answer the questions in verse 29. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine. + +# linger over wine + +spend much time drinking wine and so drink much wine (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# the mixed wine + +Possible meanings are 1) different wines mixed together or 2) other drinks that are stronger than wine. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/31.md b/pro/23/31.md index 8f535566fc..9b2205cba0 100644 --- a/pro/23/31.md +++ b/pro/23/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## it bites like a serpent ... it stings like an adder ## +# General Information: -The word "it" refers to "the red wine". These two phrases describe the unpleasant effects of drinking wine; it feels like the bite or sting of a dangerous snake. The comparison is repeated twice to make it emphatic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## adder ## +# In the last + +"After you drink it" + +# it bites like a serpent ... it stings like an adder + +The word "it" refers to "the wine when it is red." "Bites" and "stings" are metaphors for the way too much wine makes people feel. AT: "it makes you feel as bad as if a serpent had bitten you or an adder had stung you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# adder a type of poisonous snake -## your heart will utter perverse things ## +# your heart will utter perverse things -This means that the person who is drunk will say unusual and strange things because he is not able to think clearly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The "heart" represents the person and emphasize what he thinks and decides to do. AT: "you will think about and decide to do perverse things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# perverse things + +things that God says are morally wrong and bad; things that are wicked \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/34.md b/pro/23/34.md index f300848d60..5277f74f1d 100644 --- a/pro/23/34.md +++ b/pro/23/34.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -This is the continuation of the description of a drunk person: +# General Information: -## rigging ## +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). It is the continuation of the description of a drunk person. -the ropes and chains used to support the sails of a ship or boat. +# lies on the top of a mast -## They hit me!" you will say, "but I was not hurt. They beat me, but I did not feel it. ## +The place on the mast where the person lies can be made explicit. AT: "lies in the basket near the top of a mast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him. Yet, he feels no pain or cannot remember it because he is drunk. +# mast -## When will I wake up? ## +the long wooden pole to which are attached the sails of a sailing ship + +# They hit me, ... but I was not hurt. They beat me, but I did not feel it. + +Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him, yet he feels no pain and cannot remember anything. + +# When will I wake up? The drunk person is wondering when he will be sober again; when the effect of the wine will stop. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/23/intro.md b/pro/23/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f314baaa44 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/23/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Proverbs 23 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. + +The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/01.md b/pro/24/01.md index 6d56950584..f0182ba875 100644 --- a/pro/24/01.md +++ b/pro/24/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## their hearts ## +# General Information: -"their hearts" means the whole persons (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## their lips ## +# their hearts -"their lips" means the whole persons (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The words "their hearts" refer to the whole person. AT: "they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## talk of trouble ## +# their lips -"talk of causing harm" or "talk of creating problems" \ No newline at end of file +The words "their lips" refer to the whole person. AT: "they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# talk about trouble + +"talk about causing harm" or "talk about creating problems" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/03.md b/pro/24/03.md index f65a821a27..b825b1cfca 100644 --- a/pro/24/03.md +++ b/pro/24/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Through wisdom a house is built ## +# General Information: -"People build a house with the help of wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## by understanding it is established ## +# Through wisdom a house is built -"People establish a house using understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "wisdom" can be translated as an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. AT: "People need to be wise if they are to build a good house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## established ## +# by understanding it is established -made stable and strong \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "understanding" can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. AT: "People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# it is established + +The word "established" means made stable and strong. The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# By knowledge the rooms are filled + +The abstract noun "knowledge" can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. AT: "People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/05.md b/pro/24/05.md index dafbe8c9ac..2fbb28465d 100644 --- a/pro/24/05.md +++ b/pro/24/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## valiant ## +# General Information: -boldly courageous; brave +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## you can wage your war ## +# warrior of wisdom -"you can carry out your war" +The abstract noun "wisdom" can be translated as "wise." AT: "wise warrior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## advisors ## +# a man of knowledge increases his strength -counselors \ No newline at end of file +The abstract nouns "knowledge" and "strength" can be translated as the verb "know" and the adjective "strong." AT: "a man who knows many things is stronger because he knows these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# by wise direction + +The abstract noun "direction" can be translated as a verb. AT: "if you have wise people telling you what to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# wage + +"fight" + +# advisors + +those who tell government officials what those officials should do \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/07.md b/pro/24/07.md index ef3c59d2d8..da9c8a05e4 100644 --- a/pro/24/07.md +++ b/pro/24/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## too high for a fool ## +# General Information: -"too difficult for a fool to understand" +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## open his mouth ## +# too high for a fool -AT: "speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. "too difficult for a fool to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# open his mouth + +The mouth is a metonym for the words that come from the mouth. AT: "speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/08.md b/pro/24/08.md index 11fb933f72..252533aea6 100644 --- a/pro/24/08.md +++ b/pro/24/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## a master of schemes ## +# General Information: + +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). + +# a master of schemes one who is skillful at making evil plans. AT: "a mischievous person" or "a troublemaker" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/10.md b/pro/24/10.md index f29078339c..4e367b9154 100644 --- a/pro/24/10.md +++ b/pro/24/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## show your cowardice ## +# General Information: -"are afraid to act" \ No newline at end of file +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). + +# your strength is small + +This is an idiom. AT: "you have very little strength" or "you are certainly weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/11.md b/pro/24/11.md index e0ede98ddc..8bf8d757f0 100644 --- a/pro/24/11.md +++ b/pro/24/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,47 @@ -## staggering ## +# General Information: -walking unsteadily and almost falling +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## slaughter ## +# those who are being taken away -violently killing +These words can be translated in active form by using the term "they" which could be anyone, but are probably government officials. AT: "those whom they are taking away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Does not the One who weighs the heart understand what you are saying? ## +# taken away -The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. AT: "The One who weighs the heart understands what you are saying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Another possible meaning is "dragged away." -## the One who ## +# staggering -The writer uses this word to mean Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +walking unsteadily and almost falling. This word would also describe the way a person walks when he is being dragged away. -## weighs the heart ## +# the slaughter -"tests or evaluates motives and desires" +The abstract noun "slaughter" can be translated as a verb. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. AT: "where people will kill them as they would kill animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the One who guards your life, does he not know it? ## +# If you say, "Behold, ... this," does -The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. AT: "the One who guards your life knows it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The writer is answering something that the reader may wrongly be thinking. AT: "You may say, 'Behold, ... this,' but does" -## will God not give to each one what he deserves? ## +# Behold, we + +"Listen to us! We" or "But we" or "We have done nothing wrong, because we" + +# does not the one who weighs the heart understand what you are saying? + +The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. AT: "the one who weighs the heart understands what you are saying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the one who + +The writer expects the reader to know that "the one" is Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh, who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# weighs the heart + +The word "heart" is a metonym for what a person thinks and desires. The writer speaks as if what a person thinks and desires were a physical object that a person could weigh, and weighing an object is a metaphor for looking closely at something to see how good it is. AT: "knows how good what people really think and desire is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The one who guards your life, does he not know it? + +The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. AT: "The one who guards your life knows it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Will God not give to each one what he deserves? The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. AT: "God will give to each one what he deserves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/13.md b/pro/24/13.md index c9d24cc59e..a4e8b27e62 100644 --- a/pro/24/13.md +++ b/pro/24/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## your hope will not be cut off ## +# General Information: -AT: "your hope will continue" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). + +# your hope will not be cut off + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. AT: "no one will take your hope away" or 2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. AT: "your hope will surely continue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/15.md b/pro/24/15.md index c0fb90adae..610ae57092 100644 --- a/pro/24/15.md +++ b/pro/24/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## lie in wait ## +# General Information: -Translate as you did in [Proverbs 1:10](../01/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## his home ## +# Do not lie in wait -The home of the righteous +The words "lie in wait" are an idiom. Translate "lie in wait" as in [Proverbs 1:11](../01/10.md). AT: "Do not hide and wait for the right time." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the wicked are overthrown by calamity ## +# his home -AT: "the wicked stumble in times of calamity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +the home of the righteous person + +# rises + +"gets back on his feet" or "stands up" + +# wicked people are brought down by calamity + +The writer speaks as if "calamity" were a person who could do bad things to other people. These words can be translated in active form. AT: "God will use calamity to bring down the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# are brought down + +This is a metaphor of a person who was standing but someone has brought him down to the ground or made him fall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# calamity + +times when bad things happen to people and their property \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/17.md b/pro/24/17.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6603d66720 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/24/17.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). + +# your enemy falls + +"something bad happens to your enemy" + +# let not your heart be glad + +This is a strong command. The word "heart" represents the person. AT: "do not allow yourself to be glad" or "stop yourself from being glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# turn away his wrath from him + +The words "turn away his wrath" are an idiom for no longer being angry. What Yahweh would do instead can be made explicit. AT: "stop being angry with him and be angry with you instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/19.md b/pro/24/19.md index e2cb6ee499..5a94e76f46 100644 --- a/pro/24/19.md +++ b/pro/24/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the lamp of the wicked will go out ## +# General Information: -The lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of the wicked will end just as a lamp goes out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). + +# the lamp of wicked people will go out + +The lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of wicked people will end just as a lamp goes out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/21.md b/pro/24/21.md index 98396b0ca5..d0d261d2d2 100644 --- a/pro/24/21.md +++ b/pro/24/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## who knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them? ## +# General Information: -AT: "no one knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -## both of them ## +# Fear -"Them" refers to both Yahweh and the king. \ No newline at end of file +a deep respect and awe for a person in authority + +# who knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them? + +The writer asks this question to emphasize the disaster. AT: "no one knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# both of them + +these words refer to Yahweh and the king \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/23.md b/pro/24/23.md index 8643c0acd3..e0b8bc495b 100644 --- a/pro/24/23.md +++ b/pro/24/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## These also are sayings of the wise ## +# These also are sayings of the wise -This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs. \ No newline at end of file +This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs. + +# a case at law + +a situation that is brought before a judge in which someone is accused of breaking the law \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/24.md b/pro/24/24.md index 7b468f2ea6..4455753fa5 100644 --- a/pro/24/24.md +++ b/pro/24/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## will have delight ## +# Whoever says to the wicked person, ... will be cursed by peoples and hated by nations -AT: "will be very happy" +The word "nations" is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. AT: "People will curse whoever says to the wicked person, ... , and the people of other nations will hate him" -## gifts of goodness ## +# the wicked person ... a righteous person -AT: "good things" or "blessings" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or 2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. AT: "a person guilty of a crime ... innocent" + +# will have delight + +"will be very happy" + +# gifts of goodness will come to them + +Gifts are spoken of as if they were people who could move by themselves. The abstract noun "goodness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "people will give them good gifts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# gifts of goodness + +"good things" or "blessings" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/26.md b/pro/24/26.md index b830683340..be994f0fa6 100644 --- a/pro/24/26.md +++ b/pro/24/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## gives a kiss on the lips ## +# gives a kiss on the lips -A kiss was a sign of respect and devotion in that culture. AT: "shows true friendship" \ No newline at end of file +A kiss was a sign of respect and devotion in that culture. AT: "shows true friendship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/28.md b/pro/24/28.md index 6321f6594f..a1ce694000 100644 --- a/pro/24/28.md +++ b/pro/24/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## with your lips ## +# with your lips -"Lips" means the person who is speaking. AT: "by what you say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The lips are a metonym for the words a person speaks. AT: "by what you say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## pay him back ## +# pay him back -AT: "take revenge against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. "take revenge against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/30.md b/pro/24/30.md index 36c2fb1201..deccc7dea2 100644 --- a/pro/24/30.md +++ b/pro/24/30.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## thorns ## +# Thorns -plants with sharp spines +useless plants with sharp spines -## nettles ## +# nettles -plants that are covered with stinging leaves and hairs \ No newline at end of file +plants that are covered with stinging leaves and hairs + +# was broken down + +"had fallen down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/32.md b/pro/24/32.md index 8b3cec0f54..e51f50cfc1 100644 --- a/pro/24/32.md +++ b/pro/24/32.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## and poverty comes upon you like a robber, and your needs will come to you like an armed soldier ## +# received instruction -The same idea is expressed in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"learned a lesson" -## poverty comes upon you like a robber ## +# A little sleep ... to rest—and poverty comes -Poverty is compared to a robber who steals from you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +You may need to fill in the omitted words. AT: "You may say to yourself, 'A little sleep ... to rest'—but then poverty will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## your needs will come to you like an armed soldier ## +# poverty comes marching upon you -Your needs are compared to an armed soldier, or an armed robber who comes upon you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Some translations read, "poverty comes upon you like a robber." Poverty is spoken of as if it were a person or animal that can attack a lazy person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# your needs like an armed soldier + +Needs are spoken of as if they were a person who could attack the lazy person. AT: "your needs will come to you like an armed soldier" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/24/intro.md b/pro/24/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d71a30d1fe --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/24/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Proverbs 24 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs. + +The second half of this chapter finishes the section. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Lazy man story ##### + +Unlike much of Proverbs, verses 30-34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb. + +##### Themes ##### +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/01.md b/pro/25/01.md index 34f79a30dc..bf729a235d 100644 --- a/pro/25/01.md +++ b/pro/25/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## to conceal a matter ## +# to conceal a matter -"to keep something secret" +"to keep some things secret" -## Like the heavens are for height and the earth is for depth, ## +# but the glory -AT: "Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The ellipsis can be filled in. AT: "but it is the glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# search it out + +"search that matter out" or "search for those things that God has concealed" + +# Like the heavens are for height and the earth is for depth, so the heart of kings is unsearchable + +The hearts of kings are compared to the size of the heavens and the earth. AT: "Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# heavens + +This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/04.md b/pro/25/04.md index 312963a038..44819633db 100644 --- a/pro/25/04.md +++ b/pro/25/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## dross ## +# dross -the unwanted material in a metal that is removed by heating the metal +the material in a metal that people do not want and they remove by heating the metal -## his throne will be established ## +# his throne will be established by doing -"the king will establish his throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The throne is a metonym for the power to rule. These words can be translated in active form. AT: "the king will establish his throne by doing" or "he will have the power to rule because he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/06.md b/pro/25/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 88a7836b8d..0000000000 --- a/pro/25/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -## designated for the great ## - -Here "the great" refers to the king. AT: "reserved for the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/07.md b/pro/25/07.md index 2e3a2a6a81..a7c45af748 100644 --- a/pro/25/07.md +++ b/pro/25/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## than for you to be humiliated ## +# It is better for him to say to you, "Come up here," than -"than for him to humiliate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "up" means to move to a place at the table that is closer to the king. It is a great honor for a person to sit closer to the king. AT: "It is better for someone to invite you to sit closer to the king than" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## in the presence of a noble ## +# before a nobleman "in front of a nobleman" -## For what will you do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame? ## +# For what will you do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame? -This question is asked to make the reader consider the possibility that they may have misunderstood the situation. AT: "For you will not know what to do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame." Or "For if your neighbor has an explanation, you will be put to shame." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This question is asked to make the reader consider the possibility that he may have misunderstood the situation. The way in which the neighbor might put the reader to shame can be stated plainly. AT: "For you will not know what to do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame." or "For if your neighbor has an explanation, he will put you to shame, and you will have nothing to say to defend yourself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/09.md b/pro/25/09.md index 47017c6f02..6a3a4004df 100644 --- a/pro/25/09.md +++ b/pro/25/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## your case ## +# your case "your disagreement" -## do not disclose another's secret ## +# do not disclose another's secret -AT: "do not share your neighbor's secrets with other people" +"do not share your neighbor's secret with other people" -## lest the one who hears you brings shame upon you ## +# an evil report about you that cannot be silenced -AT: "for the person who hears you may cause you to be ashamed" \ No newline at end of file +Here "evil report" refers to harmful things that the person will tell others. The phrase "cannot be silenced" can be stated in active form. AT: "you will not be able to stop him from telling other people harmful things about you" or "he will tell people evil things about you and you will never have a good reputation again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/11.md b/pro/25/11.md index 64f926f0f6..1ca62f1591 100644 --- a/pro/25/11.md +++ b/pro/25/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## listening ear ## +# Apples of gold in settings of silver is a word spoken in the right situation -"person who is willing to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The goodness of "a word spoken at the right time" is spoken of as if it were the physical beauty of "apples of gold in settings of silver." Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. AT: "A word spoken at the right time is beautiful like apples of gold in settings of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Speaking a well-chosen word, is like patterns of gold ... ## +# Apples of gold in settings of silver -chosen word, is like patterns of gold ...** - These two things are being compared because they both are pleasant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. Possible meanings are 1) "apples" should be translated as "design." AT: "a golden design carved into a silver bowl" or 2) "apples" refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. AT: "Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl" -## Like a gold ring or jewelry ... is a wise rebuke ... ## +# is a word spoken -These two things are being compared because they are both cherished and priceless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "is a message that someone speaks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# A gold ring or jewelry made of fine gold is a wise rebuke to a listening ear + +The value and importance of "a wise rebuke" is spoken of as if it had the beauty and value of gold. Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. AT: "A wise rebuke to a listening ear is beautiful and valuable like a golden ring or golden jewelry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# listening ear + +The ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "person who is willing to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/13.md b/pro/25/13.md index 260579b9cd..2929974d2b 100644 --- a/pro/25/13.md +++ b/pro/25/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Like the cold of snow at harvest time ... is a faithful messenger ... ## +# Like the cold of snow at harvest time is a faithful messenger Here a faithful messenger is being compared to the cold of snow, because both are pleasant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## snow ## +# the cold of snow + +Snow only fell on the tops of mountains, and the harvest took place in hot weather, so this is probably a metaphor for cool, fresh water from a clean stream. If your language has no word for snow, consider "cool, fresh, clean water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# snow white flakes of ice that fall from the sky like rain -## the soul of his masters ## +# brings back the life of his masters -"his master's soul" +This means he makes his masters, who are weak and tired, to be strong and rested again. -## Like clouds and wind ... is the one who boasts about a gift ... ## +# Clouds and wind without rain is the one who boasts ... not give -Here the clouds and wind are being compared to the person who boasts, because both boast of something and give nothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Rain was important to the Israelites because only small amounts of it fell, so a cloud without rain was useless and brought disappointment to the Israelites. AT: "The one who boasts ... not give is like clouds and wind without rain" or "The one who boasts ... not give is useless and a disappointment, like clouds and wind without rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/15.md b/pro/25/15.md index 3c6eedaa71..dc175089f6 100644 --- a/pro/25/15.md +++ b/pro/25/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## With patience a ruler can be persuaded ## +# With patience a ruler can be persuaded -AT: "With patience, someone can persuade a ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These words can be translated in active form. AT: "Someone who is patient can persuade a ruler" or "Someone who is patient can speak to a ruler and change his mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## a soft tongue can break a bone ## +# a soft tongue can break a bone -AT: "Gentle speech can overcome strong opposition." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "tongue" is a metonym for the words the person speaks using the tongue. The word "bone" is a metaphor for strong opposition. AT: "gentle speech can overcome strong opposition" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/16.md b/pro/25/16.md index 69fe983486..14bc76ada4 100644 --- a/pro/25/16.md +++ b/pro/25/16.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Verse 16 states a general principle, and verse 17 gives one specific example. The idea of eating too much honey and then vomiting it up is a metaphor for taking too much of any good thing and regretting it later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/18.md b/pro/25/18.md index 1b50555923..2a0e3200e1 100644 --- a/pro/25/18.md +++ b/pro/25/18.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -A man who bears false witness against his neighbor -A false witness is compared to three weapons that can kill people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# A man who bears false witness against his neighbor is like a club used in war, or a sword, or a sharp arrow -## An unfaithful man in whom you trust in a time of trouble is like a bad tooth or a foot that slips. ## +A false witness is compared to three weapons that can hurt or kill people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -AT: Trusting in an unfaithful man in time of trouble will bring you pain like a bad tooth or a foot that slips." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +# An unfaithful man in whom you trust in a time of trouble is like a bad tooth or a foot that slips + +A foolish man is compared to a part of the body that causes trouble for a person. AT: "Trusting in an unfaithful man in time of trouble will bring you pain like a bad tooth or a foot that slips" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/20.md b/pro/25/20.md index 8782e5c607..27b8052cd4 100644 --- a/pro/25/20.md +++ b/pro/25/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## a heavy heart ## +# carbonate of soda -AT: "a sad person: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a kind of mineral that hisses and bubbles violently when it comes into contact with acids like vinegar. Many translations translate this phrase as "a wound." + +# sings songs + +You may need to make explicit what kind of songs the singer sings. AT: "sings happy songs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a heavy heart + +The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "a sad person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/21.md b/pro/25/21.md index e633c950bf..2e29d20ee9 100644 --- a/pro/25/21.md +++ b/pro/25/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## shovel coals of fire on his head ## +# shovel coals of fire on his head -This means to cause shame or regret from a guilty conscience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. AT: "cause him to have a guilty conscience and be ashamed of what he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/23.md b/pro/25/23.md index db4fe78bd9..1f43016836 100644 --- a/pro/25/23.md +++ b/pro/25/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the north wind ## +# the north wind In Israel, wind from the north often brought rain. Translators are free to substitute different kinds of wind for the same effect, for example, "a cold wind." -## someone who tells secrets ## +# a tongue that tells secrets -Some versions read, "Someone who is angry." +Some versions read "someone who tells secrets." -## makes faces angry ## +# result in angry faces -AT: "makes other people angry." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The face is a synecdoche for the person. AT: "makes other people so angry you can see it in their faces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## a corner of the housetop ## +# a corner of the roof -This refers to the edge of the house's roof. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house. \ No newline at end of file +Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a quarreling wife + +a wife who often argues or complains \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/25.md b/pro/25/25.md index 75599dea23..f8b7d32979 100644 --- a/pro/25/25.md +++ b/pro/25/25.md @@ -1,6 +1,19 @@ -Like cold waters to one who is thirsty, -Cold water is compared to good news that are both refreshing and delightful (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# Like cold waters to one who is thirsty, so is good news from a far country -## Like a fouled spring or a ruined fountain is a good man who totters before the wicked ## +Cold water is compared to good news that is both refreshing and delightful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Like a fouled spring or a ruined fountain is a righteous person tottering before wicked people + +One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# tottering before wicked people + +Tottering is a metaphor for either 1) refusing to fight wicked people or 2) joining in their wickedness. AT: "who allows wicked people to do wickedness" or "who starts to do what wicked people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tottering + +This is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. AT: "unable to stand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# before wicked people + +Possible meanings are 1) "when wicked people attack him" or 2) "when wicked people urge him to do evil." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/27.md b/pro/25/27.md index 74b711dcae..067fb972ac 100644 --- a/pro/25/27.md +++ b/pro/25/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## It is not good to eat too much honey, that is like searching for honor upon honor. ## +# It is not good to eat too much honey; that is like searching for honor after honor. -Eating too much honey is compared to searching for more honor. Neither is good in excess. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## A person without self-control is like a city breached and without walls. ## +# It is not good -control is like a city breached and without walls.** - A person without self-control is compared to a city without walls. Both are weak and vulnerable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated positively. AT: "It is a bad thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# that is like searching for honor after honor + +"that is like always thinking about how others should honor you." The meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some versions of the Bible translate this as "that is like speaking too many compliments to people." + +# A person without self-control is like a city breached and without walls. + +Both a person without self-control and a city without walls are weak and vulnerable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# breached and without walls + +"whose walls an army has knocked down and destroyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/25/intro.md b/pro/25/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..67144178ca --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/25/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 25 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/01.md b/pro/26/01.md index bde55b8866..770fbdac6e 100644 --- a/pro/26/01.md +++ b/pro/26/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Like snow in summer or rain in harvest, so a fool does not deserve honor ## +# Like snow in summer or rain in harvest -AT: "so honor is not fitting for a fool" Honor is out of place for a fool, like the untimely arrival of snow and rain are out of place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Normally snow does not fall during the summer and rain does not fall during the harvest. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Just as it would be very strange to have snow in summer or rain during the harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## so an undeserved curse does not alight ## +# so an undeserved curse does not alight -AT: "so a causeless curse does not have power" \ No newline at end of file +A curse that does not harm a person is spoken of as if it were a bird that does not land. AT: "so an undeserved curse does not land on its mark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# an undeserved curse + +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "a curse on a person who does not deserve it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# alight + +land on someone or something \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/03.md b/pro/26/03.md index f706d12ad8..3955870576 100644 --- a/pro/26/03.md +++ b/pro/26/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## A whip is for the horse, a bridle is for the donkey, and a rod is for the back of fools ## +# A whip is for the horse, a bridle is for the donkey and a rod is for the back of fools -Fools must be disciplined by force like a horse or a donkey. Please refer to [Proverbs 10:12](../10/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +A whip, a bridle, and a rod are things that people use to make the horse, donkey, and fool do what they want. -## Do not answer a fool and join in on his folly ## +# a bridle is for the donkey -AT: "Answer not a fool according to his folly" \ No newline at end of file +A bridle is made of straps. People put it on a donkey's head and hold one of the straps to make the donkey go the way they want it to go. + +# a rod is for the back of fools + +In the Bible, people would hit their children or their slaves with a wooden rod in order to discipline them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/05.md b/pro/26/05.md index 1567873715..91c6dbc55b 100644 --- a/pro/26/05.md +++ b/pro/26/05.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Answer a fool and join in on his folly ## +# Answer a fool and join in on his folly -AT: "Answer a fool according to his folly" +Joining in on a fool's folly when answering him represents answering him in a foolish way. AT: "Answer a fool according to his folly" or "Answer a fool foolishly" -## so he will not become wise in his own eyes ## +# so he will not become wise in his own eyes -AT: "so he will not think he is wise" +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "so that he will not become wise according to his judgement" or "so that he does not consider himself to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Whoever sends a message by the hand of a fool cuts off his own feet and drinks violence ## +# Whoever sends a message by the hand of a fool -AT: "a person who sends a fool to deliver a message for him will cause harm to himself" +Here the hand represents the fool's responsibility to deliver the message. AT: "Whoever sends a fool to deliver a message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## cuts off his own feet ## +# cuts off his own feet -Trusting a fool with a message is as ridiculous as cutting off his own feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Cutting off one's own feet is an exaggeration for harming one's self. AT: "harms himself like a person who cuts off his own feet and drinks violence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## drinks violence ## +# drinks violence -Sending a message by a fool is compared to taking in what will damage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Violence is spoken of as if it were a poisonous liquid that someone might drink. AT: "harms himself by being violent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/07.md b/pro/26/07.md index cf31ebeb59..19cd3025df 100644 --- a/pro/26/07.md +++ b/pro/26/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## paralytic ## +# Like the legs ... is a proverb in the mouth of fools + +The phrases can be reordered. AT: "A proverb in the mouth of fools is like the legs of a paralytic which hang down" or "A proverb in the mouth of fools is as useless as the legs of a paralytic which hang down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a paralytic a person who is unable to move or feel all or part of his body -## Tying a stone in a sling is the same as giving honor to a fool ## +# in the mouth of fools -Tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown at a target is as foolish as honoring a foolish person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "mouth" is a metonym for speaking. AT: "in the speech of fools" or "that fools say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tying a stone in a sling + +In order to throw a stone very far, people put it into a sling and swing the sling so that the stone will fly from it very quickly. The result of tying a stone in a sling can be stated clearly. AT: "tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# giving honor to a fool + +"honoring a fool" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/09.md b/pro/26/09.md index f4bfa3e2f0..b2f5a82405 100644 --- a/pro/26/09.md +++ b/pro/26/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## A thornbush held in the hand of a drunk ## +# Like a thorn ... is a proverb in the mouth of fools -A drunk cannot control his motions, so will injure himself and others when he holds a thornbush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +How the two are alike can be stated clearly. AT: "A proverb in the mouth of fools is as dangerous as a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## is like a proverb in the mouth of a fool ## +# a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard -The writer compares the danger a drunk person with a thornbush can be to the proverb a fool will use wrongly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Possible meanings are 1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or 2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word "thorn" represents a thornbush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## a proverb in the mouth of fools ## +# in the mouth of fools -Translate as you did in [Proverbs 26:7](./07.md). +Here "mouth" is a metonym for speaking. AT: "in the speech of fools" or "that fools say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## hires ## +# hires a fool -"pays to do a job" \ No newline at end of file +"gives a job to a fool" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/11.md b/pro/26/11.md index 7ec430c702..655b23d034 100644 --- a/pro/26/11.md +++ b/pro/26/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Do you see someone who is wise in his own eyes? ## +# As a dog returns to his own vomit -AT: "Consider the person who thinks he is wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"As a dog eats its own vomit" + +# Do you see someone who is wise in his own eyes? + +This question is used to lead the reader to think about someone who is wise in his own eyes. The phrase "is wise in his own eyes" means "thinks he is wise," and here it implies that the person is not truly wise. AT: "Consider the person who thinks he is wise but is not." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# There is more hope for a fool than for him + +"A fool can become wise more easily than he can" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/13.md b/pro/26/13.md index af317e67bf..e57ea6062f 100644 --- a/pro/26/13.md +++ b/pro/26/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## There is a lion on the road! ## +# The lazy person says, "There is a lion ... between the open places!" -See how you translated this in Proverbs [Proverbs 22:13](../22/13.md). +The lazy person lies and says that he cannot go outside and work because there is a lion on the road or between the open places. -## hinges ## +# There is a lion on the road -metal pieces that attach a door to something and allows it to open and close +See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:13](../22/13.md). -## As the door turns on its hinges, so is the lazy person upon his bed ## +# the open places -The lazy person turning back and forth on his bed is compared to a door turning on its hinges. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the places in town where there is a lot of room for people to walk around or where people gather. AT: "the town plazas" or "the streets" + +# hinges + +metal pieces that attach a door to something and allow it to open and close + +# As the door turns on its hinges, so is the lazy person upon his bed + +Both the door and the lazy person move, but they do not go anywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/15.md b/pro/26/15.md index dfa86d9be4..589d93c906 100644 --- a/pro/26/15.md +++ b/pro/26/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## The lazy one puts his hand into the dish and yet he has no strength to lift it up to his mouth ## +# puts his hand into the dish -The extreme laziness of the person is shown by his putting his hand into the dish for food and then just leaving it there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) The first part of the sentence is equivalent to Proverbs [Proverbs 19:23](../19/23.md) +"puts his hand into the dish to get food" or "reaches for food" -## The lazy person is wiser in his own eyes than seven men with discernment ## +# he has no strength to lift it up to his mouth -AT: "The lazy person thinks he is wiser than 7 men who can give a reason" \ No newline at end of file +This is an exaggeration for doing necessary work that would clearly do him good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# The lazy person is wiser in his own eyes than seven men with discernment + +The phrase "his own eyes" represents his thoughts. AT: "The lazy person thinks he is wiser than seven men who can respond sensibly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/17.md b/pro/26/17.md index 88f67466d2..90a1562fd6 100644 --- a/pro/26/17.md +++ b/pro/26/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own ## +# Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog, is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own -A person who becomes angry at someone else's dispute causes himself needless hurt, like the person who pulls the ears of a dog. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be reordered. AT: "A passerby who becomes angry at some other people's dispute is like a person who grabs hold of a dog's ears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog + +The implied information is that the dog will get angry and bite the person. AT: "Like a person who angers a dog by grabbing its ears" or "Like a person who grabs a dog's ears and is bitten by the dog" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own + +The implied information is that the passerby will start arguing, and the people who were fighting will get angry with him and hurt him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/18.md b/pro/26/18.md index 65a3c309e6..704ad68514 100644 --- a/pro/26/18.md +++ b/pro/26/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Was I not telling a joke? ## +# Like a madman ... is the one who deceives ... telling a joke?" -The madman claims that his actions were only for fun, despite the potential harm they caused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both the madman and the deceiver hurt people but do not take responsibility for it. + +# Was I not telling a joke? + +The deceiver uses this question to imply that since he his joke was only for fun, he should not be blamed for any harm he has caused. AT: "I was only telling a joke." or "Do not blame me. I was only telling a joke." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/20.md b/pro/26/20.md index 20e37c398d..d206c6a355 100644 --- a/pro/26/20.md +++ b/pro/26/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## As charcoal is to burning coals and wood is to fire, so is a quarrelsome person for kindling strife ## +# gossiper -AT: "A quarrelsome person causes people to argue the same way charcoal is to burning coals and wood is to fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +a person who gossips a lot + +# As charcoal is to burning coals and wood is to fire + +What charcoal does to coals and what wood does to fire can be stated clearly. AT: "As charcoal helps coals burn and as wood helps fire burn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# kindling strife + +To kindle something means to set it on fire. Setting strife on fire is a metaphor for causing people to fight or argue. AT: "causing people to fight" or "causing people to argue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/22.md b/pro/26/22.md index 36246e282c..3d5b2b5467 100644 --- a/pro/26/22.md +++ b/pro/26/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## they go down to the inner parts of the body ## +# The words of a gossip are like delicious morsels -Words of gossip go down into the deepest part of a person. This sentence is equivalent to Proverbs [Proverbs 18:7](../18/07.md). +This speaks of gossip being desirable to listen to as if it were delicious food to eat. AT: "The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## The glaze overlaying an earthen vessel is like burning lips and an evil heart ## +# they go down into the inner parts of the body -AT: "People who say nice things while thinking about doing evil things are like a nice glaze covering a container made of earth or clay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the words that a gossip says going into a person's mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. This sentence is equivalent to [Proverbs 18:8](../18/07.md). AT: "and they enter a person's mind and affect his thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Like the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel so are burning lips and an evil heart + +This simile means that a person who says things to hide the evil in their heart are like a earthen vessel covered in glaze to make it look good. These phrases can be reordered. AT: "People who have burning lips and an evil heart are like an earthen vessel covered with glaze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel + +"the shiny glaze that covers a clay pot." A clay pot is cheap and common. So people covered it was a glaze to make it shiny and appear more expensive. + +# so are burning lips and an evil heart + +This represents a person who has burning lips and an evil heart. AT: "so is a person who has burning lips and an evil heart" or "so is a person who says nice things but whose heart is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# burning lips + +The word "burning" is a metaphor for "strongly emotional" and the word "lips" is a metonym for "speech." AT: "emotional speech" or "saying nice things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# an evil heart + +The heart represents a person's thoughts, attitudes, desires, or feelings. AT: "evil thoughts" or "evil desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/24.md b/pro/26/24.md index 0eabd7cd96..35b839238a 100644 --- a/pro/26/24.md +++ b/pro/26/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## for there are seven abominations in his heart ## +# disguises his feelings with his lips -AT: "for his heart is completely filled with evil thoughts and plans" The number "7" means completeness in this case. +Disguising his feelings represents keeping people from knowing what his feelings are. The phrase "his lips" is a metonym for what he says. AT: "hides his feelings with what he says" or "speaks in such a way that people cannot know his true feelings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Though his hatred is covered with deception ## +# he lays up deceit within himself -AT: "though deception covers his hatred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Being deceitful is spoken of as if he were storing deceit within himself. Possible meanings are that "deceit" refers to lies. AT: "he likes his many lies" or 2) deceit refers secret plans to harm people. AT: "he secretly plans to harm people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his wickedness will be exposed in public meetings ## +# but do not believe him -AT: "the community of Israel will discover his wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"but do not believe what he says" + +# for there are seven abominations in his heart + +The number seven represents completeness. Possible meanings are 1) "abominations" refers to attitudes that God hates. AT: "for his heart is completely filled with hateful things" or 2) "abominations" refers to his hatred for people. AT: "for his heart is completely filled with hatred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Though his hatred is covered with deception + +This can be stated actively. AT: "Though deception covers his hatred" or "Though he covers his hatred with deception" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Though his hatred is covered with deception + +Keeping people from knowing that he hates them is spoken of as covering his hatred. AT: "Though he lies to keep people from knowing that he hates them" or "Though he lies so that people will not know that he hates them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his wickedness will be exposed in the assembly + +Being exposed represents being discovered or becoming known. AT: "his wickedness will become known in the assembly" or "the assembly will discover his wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the assembly + +"the community of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/27.md b/pro/26/27.md index ded39d7f84..a2b8b299c7 100644 --- a/pro/26/27.md +++ b/pro/26/27.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## A lying tongue hates the people it crushes ## +# Whoever digs a pit will fall into it -AT: "A liar hates those he hurts by his lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +It is implied that the person digs the pit as a trap so that someone will fall into it. AT: "Whoever digs a pit to trap someone will fall into it" or "If someone digs a pit in order to trap someone, the one who dug it will fall into it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## flattering ## +# the stone will roll back on the one who pushed it -praising someone in a manner that is not sincere \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that the person pushed a large stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone there. AT: "if someone pushed a stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone, the stone will roll back on him instead" or "if someone maked a stone roll so that it would hurt someone, the stone will crush him instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# A lying tongue hates the people it crushes + +The phrase "a lying tongue" represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. AT: "A liar hates those he hurts by his lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a flattering mouth brings about ruin + +The phrase "a flattering mouth" represents a person who flatters people. Possible meanings are 1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or 2) a person who flatters others ruins them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# flattering + +praising someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praising someone about things that are not true \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/26/intro.md b/pro/26/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2a34200535 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/26/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 26 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/01.md b/pro/27/01.md index 32cde16567..6680325023 100644 --- a/pro/27/01.md +++ b/pro/27/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Let someone else praise you ... a stranger and not your own lips ## +# Do not boast about tomorrow -These two phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that it is better for praise to come from others and not from yourself. AT: "let someone else praise you and not your own mouth; let a stranger praise you and not your own lips." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +This is a warning not to brag about what you expect to happen tomorrow. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Do not speak proudly about your plans for tomorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## your own mouth ... your own lips ## +# what a day may bring -These two phrases refer to the "mouth" and "lips" as speaking because that is the part of the body you speak with. AT: See UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Something happening on a certain day is spoken of as if the day were to bring that event. AT: "what will happen on a day" or "what will happen tomorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your own mouth ... your own lips + +Here a person is represented by his "mouth" and "lips" becuase those are the parts of the body used to speak. AT: "yourself ... yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a stranger and not your own lips + +The missing words can be supplied from the phrase before this. AT: "let a stranger praise you and not your own lips" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/03.md b/pro/27/03.md index d01e7734d5..c8de39ed94 100644 --- a/pro/27/03.md +++ b/pro/27/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## provocation ## +# the provocation of a fool is heavier than both -actions or words that cause others to become angry +The difficulty of being patient with a fool who provokes you is spoken of as if that difficulty were heavy. AT: "the provocation of a fool is harder to tolerate than either of them" or "It is harder to be patient when a fool provokes you than it is to be patient while carrying them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## cruelty ## +# the provocation of a fool + +"the trouble caused by a fool." "Provocation" means actions or words that cause anger or irritation. + +# There is the cruelty of rage and the flood of anger, but who is able to stand before jealousy? + +The abstract nouns "rage", "anger" and "jealousy" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "A raging person is cruel and an angry person is overwhelming, but who can stand before a jealous person?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# cruelty "harshness" -## but who is able to stand before jealousy? ## +# the flood of anger -AT: "no one is able to keep from being harmed by a jealous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). \ No newline at end of file +"the destructiveness of anger." Anger is spoken of here as if it were a powerful flood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but who is able to stand before jealousy? + +This question implies that no one can stand before jealousy. It can be reworded as a statement. AT: "but no one is able to stand before jealousy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). + +# to stand before jealousy + +Here standing represents being strong and resisting being harmed by a jealous person who attacks. AT: "to resist a jealous person" or "to remain strong when a jealous person attacks him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/05.md b/pro/27/05.md index fed771da93..b9f360794d 100644 --- a/pro/27/05.md +++ b/pro/27/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend ## +# Better is an open rebuke -AT: "The wounds from a friend are trustworthy" +The abstract noun "rebuke" can be expressed with the verb "rebuke." AT: "It is better to be openly rebuked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the wounds caused by a friend ## +# than hidden love -The word "wounds" refers to the pain caused by rebuke or correction. AT: "the wounds caused by a friend's rebuke" or "the wounds of a friend's correction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"than love that is not openly shown." The abstract noun "love" can be translated as a verbal phrase. AT: "than to be loved secretly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## profusely ## +# Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend + +"The wounds that a friend causes are trustworthy." The word "wounds" here represents the pain and sadness that a person feels when a friend rebukes or corrects him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend + +The trustworthiness of a friend's rebuke is spoken of as if the sadness that his rebuke causes is trustworthy. AT: "Though it causes sadness, a friend's rebuke is trustworthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but an enemy may kiss you profusely + +It can be stated clearly that the enemy's kisses are not trustworthy. AT: "but the enemy's many kisses are not trustworthy" or "but an enemy may try to deceive you by kissing you profusely" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# profusely "abundantly" or "too much" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/07.md b/pro/27/07.md index 0c6398aa51..0279b32ec9 100644 --- a/pro/27/07.md +++ b/pro/27/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## rejects even a honeycomb ## +# A person who has eaten to the full -A honeycomb is sweet to the taste, but anyone who has eaten well might still not want to eat it. \ No newline at end of file +"A person who is satisfied" or "A person who has eaten enough to be full" + +# rejects even a honeycomb + +A honeycomb would normally be desirable, but not to the person who has already eaten enough to be satisfied. + +# every bitter thing is sweet + +"everything that is bitter tastes sweet" + +# Like a bird that wanders from its nest is a man who strays from where he lives + +The words "wanders" and "strays" mean the same thing in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/09.md b/pro/27/09.md index bfd7649195..78a9c2b2e0 100644 --- a/pro/27/09.md +++ b/pro/27/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## calamity ## +# Perfume -extreme troubles and misfortune +The word "perfume" here means a desirable oil or ointment. -## the sweetness ## +# make the heart rejoice -AT: "the sweet behavior" \ No newline at end of file +Here "the heart" represents the feelings or emotions of a person. AT: "make a person feel joyful" or "make a person glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the sweetness of a friend comes from his sincere counsel + +Possible meanings are 1) "sweetness" represents kindness. AT: "we recognize our friend's kindness by his counsel" or 2) "sweetness" represents what we appreciate about a person. AT: "what we appreciate about a friend is his advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your brother's house + +Here the word "brother" is a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group. + +# calamity + +extreme troubles and misfortune \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/11.md b/pro/27/11.md index f0a6052358..ca27fff4e6 100644 --- a/pro/27/11.md +++ b/pro/27/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## prudent ## +# make my heart rejoice -See how you translated this word in 22:3. +Here the "heart" represents the person's feelings or emotions. AT: "make me feel joyful" or "make me glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## push ahead ## +# then I will give back an answer to the one who mocks me -“pass through” AT: “keep going” \ No newline at end of file +Here "answer" does not mean to answer a question. It means to respond or to reply to someone who is mocking. How this relates to the clause before it can be made clear. AT "then I will reply to the one who mocks me by telling him about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# mocks + +makes fun of someone, especially in a cruel way + +# A prudent man sees trouble and hides himself, but the naive people go on and suffer because of it + +See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 22:3](../22/03.md). + +# A prudent man + +"A man who is wise" or "A man who has good sense" + +# the naive people + +"the inexperienced and immature people" + +# suffer + +experience something very unpleasant, such as illness, pain, or other hardships \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/13.md b/pro/27/13.md index 0ef23b7f5c..0a533ede8a 100644 --- a/pro/27/13.md +++ b/pro/27/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## if he puts up security for an adulteress ## +# Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger -See how you translated this same sentence is found in [Proverbs 20:15](../20/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +When lending money, a lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/15.md). AT: "Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# who has put up security + +This means for someone to give something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/15.md). AT: "who has guaranteed that what has been borrowed will be paid back" or "who has promised to pay a loan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# hold it in pledge + +To "hold something in pledge" means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/15.md). AT: "hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Whoever gives his neighbor a blessing + +"If anyone gives his neighbor a blessing" + +# that blessing will be considered to be a curse + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the neighbor will consider that blessing to be a curse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/15.md b/pro/27/15.md index 9b58cc12b7..9b1627aa60 100644 --- a/pro/27/15.md +++ b/pro/27/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## quarreling ## +# quarreling -"arguing" or "disagreeing" +This means making people angry with each other or causing strong disagreements between people. -## restraining the wind ## +# the constant dripping -AT: "keeping the wind under control" \ No newline at end of file +The implied information is that it is rain that is constantly dripping. AT: "the constant dripping of rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a rainy day + +"a day of continual rain" + +# restraining her is like restraining the wind, or trying to catch oil in your right hand + +The implied information is that it is as difficult or useless to try and restrain her as it is to try to restrain the wind or catch oil in your hand (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# restraining her + +"holding her back" or "keeping her under control." The implied information is that it is trying to stop her from quarreling. AT: "restraining her from quarreling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# restraining the wind + +"holding back the wind" or "keeping the wind under control" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/17.md b/pro/27/17.md index e483960a68..a24fefc908 100644 --- a/pro/27/17.md +++ b/pro/27/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Iron sharpens iron; in the same way, a man sharpens his friend. ## +# Iron sharpens iron; in the same way, a man sharpens his friend. -These two phrases are comparing how iron and a man can be improved. AT: "As iron becomes better when it is sharpened by another piece of iron, so a man becomes better when he is made better by his friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases are comparing how iron and a man can be improved. AT: "As iron can sharpen another piece of iron, so a man's character is improved by contact with his friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# tends + +"takes care of" + +# the one who protects his master will be honored + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "a master will honor the one who protects him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/19.md b/pro/27/19.md index ef73306b73..67ebf8fd95 100644 --- a/pro/27/19.md +++ b/pro/27/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Abaddon ## +# a person's heart -This is a name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) AT: "the Destroyer" +Here this means a person's thoughts. AT: "what a person thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a man's eyes are never satisfied ## +# Abaddon -This refers the lust a man has for what he sees. AT: "the lust of a man's eyes" or "the desires of a man's eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a name that means "destroyer." AT: "the Destroyer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# satisfied + +"filled up" + +# a man's eyes + +Here the "eyes" represent a man's desires. AT: "a man's desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/21.md b/pro/27/21.md index ccd54adf2a..da2b8e693e 100644 --- a/pro/27/21.md +++ b/pro/27/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## crucible ## +# A crucible is for silver and a furnace is for gold -a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures +This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. See how you translated the very similar phrase in [Proverbs 17:3](../17/03.md). AT: "A crucible is used to refine silver and a furnace is used to refine gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Even if you crush a fool ... yet his foolishness will not leave him ## +# crucible + +a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# furnace + +an oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# a person is tested when he is praised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when one praises a person, they are also testing that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Even if you crush a fool ... yet his foolishness will not leave him This means that even if a fool is made to suffer hardship or pain (being crushed is often a metaphor for suffering in Hebrew), he will remain foolish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## pestle ## +# pestle -a tool for grinding materials in a mortar \ No newline at end of file +a hard tool with a rounded end, used for crushing things in a bowl (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/23.md b/pro/27/23.md index 31bee73263..ad876aec19 100644 --- a/pro/27/23.md +++ b/pro/27/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Be sure you know the condition of your flocks, and be concerned about your herds ## +# Be sure you know the condition of your flocks and be concerned about your herds These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Does a crown endure for all generations? ## +# flocks -AT: "A crown does not last for all generations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"flocks of sheep" -## a crown ## +# herds -This refers to a king's rule over his kingdom. AT: "a king's rule" ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"herds of goats" -## the new growth appears ## +# Does a crown endure for all generations? + +This question expects a negative answer to make the point that the reign of earthly rulers does not last forever. This can be expressed as a statement. AT: "A crown does not endure for all generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# a crown + +Here "crown" is a metonym for a king's rule over his kingdom. AT: "a king's rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the new growth appears "the new sprouts appear" or "the new grass starts to grow" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/26.md b/pro/27/26.md index f6bb1da219..e4904179a3 100644 --- a/pro/27/26.md +++ b/pro/27/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## The lambs will provide your clothing ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "The lambs skin and wool will provide you with clothing" +Verses 26 and 27 go together with verses 23 to 25 as one proverb. -## the goats will provide the price of the field ## +# Those lambs will provide your clothing -AT: "selling your goats will provide the price of the field" +The implied information is that the wool (hair) from the lambs can be used to make clothing. AT: "The lambs' wool will provide you with clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and nourishment for your servant girls ## +# the goats will provide the price of the field -AT: "there will be goat's milk to nourish your servant girls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The implied information is that the money received by selling the goats will be enough to buy a field. AT: "selling your goats will provide the price of the field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for your household + +"for your whole family" + +# nourishment for your servant girls + +The implied information is that there will also be enough goats' milk to feed the servant girls. AT: "there will be goat's milk to nourish your servant girls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# nourishment + +"food" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/27/intro.md b/pro/27/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ce11b69758 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/27/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 27 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/01.md b/pro/28/01.md index 2b09409ef5..cca7d688f9 100644 --- a/pro/28/01.md +++ b/pro/28/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## as bold as a young lion ## +# Because of the transgression of a land -AT: "as fearless as a young lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "transgression" can be translated as a verb. AT: "Because of how a land transgresses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the transgression of a land + +This is a metonym for the sins of the people living in a land. AT: "the transgression of the people of a land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with a man of understanding and knowledge + +The implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns "understanding" and "knowledge" can be translated as verbs. AT: "with a man who understands and knows how to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/03.md b/pro/28/03.md index 0949b92589..3311001629 100644 --- a/pro/28/03.md +++ b/pro/28/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## like a beating rain that leaves no food ## +# oppresses -AT: "like a rain that falls so hard it leaves no crop to harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +"severely mistreats" + +# like a beating rain that leaves no food + +The poor man who oppresses other poor people is compared to a rain that falls so hard that it leaves no crop to harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# beating rain + +This is a metaphor for a rain coming down hard enough to cause crops to be driven down. AT: "damaging rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# forsake the law + +"forsake God's law" + +# those who keep the law + +To "keep the law" means to do what God's law requires. AT: "those who obey God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fight against them + +"struggle against them." This means to strongly oppose or resist them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/05.md b/pro/28/05.md index 4da69943e9..fed95ba92b 100644 --- a/pro/28/05.md +++ b/pro/28/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Evil men ## +# Evil men -People who do evil things +Here "men" means people in general. AT: "People who do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## understand everything ## +# do not understand justice -"understand what is just" +The abstract noun "justice" can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "do not understand what is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## who is crooked in his ways ## +# those who seek Yahweh -"who is not honest in what he does" \ No newline at end of file +Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# understand everything + +The implied information is that those who seek Yahweh understand all about justice. AT: "completely understand what is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It is better for a poor person ... than for a rich person + +"It is better to be a poor person ... than it is to be a rich person" + +# walks in his integrity + +This represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun "integrity" can be expressed as an adverb. AT: "walks honestly" or "lives honestly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# who is crooked in his ways + +Rich people who are dishonest are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. AT: "who is not honest in what he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/07.md b/pro/28/07.md index a414591dc1..1e5ffef078 100644 --- a/pro/28/07.md +++ b/pro/28/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,39 @@ -## interest ## +# He who keeps the law + +To "keep the law" means to do what God's law requires. AT: "He who obeys God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a son who has understanding + +The abstract noun "understanding" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "a son who understands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# gluttons + +"people who eat too much." A "glutton" is a person who often eats and drinks excessively. + +# shames his father + +"puts his father to shame" or "dishonors his father" + +# makes his fortune + +"increases his wealth" + +# charging too much interest + +"charging extra money to borrow" + +# interest money paid by a borrower for the use of someone else's money -## pity ## +# gathers his wealth + +"brings his wealth together" + +# for another + +"for another person" + +# pity a strong feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/09.md b/pro/28/09.md index e3ab984074..7aaf188104 100644 --- a/pro/28/09.md +++ b/pro/28/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## turns away his ear from hearing ## +# If one -AT: "does not listen" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"If a person" -## his prayer is detestable ## +# turns away his ear from hearing the law -"his prayer is offensive to God" +This represents the whole person turning away from and rejecting God's law. AT: "turns away from hearing and obeying the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## detestable ## +# even his prayer is detestable -See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 3:31](../03/31.md). +"even his prayer is offensive to God." This can be written in active form. AT: "God detests even his prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Whoever misleads the upright into an evil way ## +# detestable -"Any person who causes the upright to do what is evil" +See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/31.md). -## the upright ## +# Whoever misleads the upright into an evil way -See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 3:31](../03/31.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is a metaphor for leading upright people in an evil direction. AT: "Whoever causes the upright to go in an evil direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Whoever misleads ... evil way will fall + +"If anyone misleads ... evil way, he will fall" + +# the upright + +This refers to upright persons in general. AT: "upright persons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# will fall into his own pit + +"will fall into the trap that he has dug." This is a metaphor for ending up in the same bad place as others had been led toward. AT: "will end up in the same evil place toward which he guided other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the blameless + +This refers to blameless persons in general. AT: "blameless persons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# will have a good inheritance + +"will inherit what is good" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/11.md b/pro/28/11.md index 1c56164b30..89b9e86968 100644 --- a/pro/28/11.md +++ b/pro/28/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## will find him out ## +# be wise in his own eyes -AT: "will see his true nature" \ No newline at end of file +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "be wise in his own thoughts" or "think he is wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who has understanding + +The abstract noun "understanding" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "who understands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# will find him out + +This is an idiom that means the poor person will be able to determine whether or not the rich person is really wise. AT: "will see his true nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# When the righteous triumph + +"When righteous people succeed" + +# when the wicked arise + +This is an idiom that means when the wicked gain power or start to rule. AT: "when the wicked rise to power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the wicked + +This refers to wicked people in general. AT: "wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# people are sought out + +You may need to make explicit that those who "are sought out" have hidden themselves to escape from the wicked. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they seek people out" or "they seek out the people who hide from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/13.md b/pro/28/13.md index cf1ced4da0..d402a50a7a 100644 --- a/pro/28/13.md +++ b/pro/28/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## prosper ## +# hides his sins -become very successful +"covers his sins." This is the opposite of confessing and forsaking sins, and is spoken of as covering sins rather than bringing them into the open (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will be shown mercy ## +# prosper -AT: "God will show him mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"succeed" or "advance" + +# the one who confesses them and forsakes them will be shown mercy + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will show mercy to the one who confesses and forsakes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The one who always lives with reverence is blessed + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "God will bless the one who always lives with reverence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lives with reverence + +The abstract noun "reverence" can be expressed as an adjective. AT: "lives a reverent life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# reverence + +This refers to deeply respecting Yahweh and showing that respect by obeying him. + +# whoever hardens his heart + +"the one who hardens his heart" + +# hardens his heart + +This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. AT: "refuses to obey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will fall into trouble + +This represents ending up in misery and distress. AT: "will end up in trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/15.md b/pro/28/15.md index 179808c571..a0ace2a854 100644 --- a/pro/28/15.md +++ b/pro/28/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## Like a roaring lion or a charging bear, is a wicked ruler over a poor people ## +# Like a roaring lion or a charging bear is a wicked ruler over poor people -an evil person who rules over needy people is like a lion roaring or a bear attacking them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Poor people who are helpless against an evil ruler are compared to people who have a lion roaring at them or a bear attacking them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a charging bear + +A bear is a large, furry, dangerous animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# The ruler who lacks understanding + +The abstract noun "understanding" can be translated as a verb. AT: "The ruler who does not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# oppressor + +a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult + +# the one who hates dishonesty + +The abstract noun "dishonesty" can be translated as a verb. AT: "the one who hates being dishonest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# prolong his days + +Possible meanings are 1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. AT: "live longer" or 2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. AT: "rule for a longer time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/17.md b/pro/28/17.md index b397fc40aa..7f3671ca98 100644 --- a/pro/28/17.md +++ b/pro/28/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## he has shed someone's blood ## +# he has shed someone's blood -"he has killed another" or "he has murdered another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Here "blood" represents a person's life. To "shed blood" means to murder someone. AT: "he has killed someone" or "he has murdered someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## fugitive ## +# fugitive a person who is running away to avoid being captured -## will be kept safe ## +# until death -AT: "God will keep him safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"until he dies." This means for the rest of his life. AT: "all of his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Whoever walks with integrity will be kept safe + +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "God will keep safe anyone who walks with integrity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Whoever + +"Anyone who" + +# walks with integrity + +This represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun "integrity" can be expressed as an adverb. AT: "walks honestly" or "lives honestly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the one whose way is crooked + +A dishonest person is spoken of as if he walks on crooked or twisted paths. AT: "the one who does not live honestly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will suddenly fall + +What will happen to a dishonest person is spoken of as if he suddenly fell down. AT: "will suddenly be ruined" or "will suddenly perish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/19.md b/pro/28/19.md index bc51e21371..c7871521c5 100644 --- a/pro/28/19.md +++ b/pro/28/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## will not go unpunished ## +# works his land -AT: "will be punished" or "God will punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means to till, sow, and care for his crops. + +# whoever + +"anyone who" + +# follows worthless pursuits + +"chases after worthless projects." The person who is busy doing things that do not produce anything is spoken of as chasing after useless things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will have plenty of poverty + +The person following worthless pursuits is spoken of as getting the opposite of plenty of food. The abstract noun "poverty" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "will be very poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the one who gets rich quickly will not go unpunished + +The double negative "will not go unpunished" is used for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will certainly punish the one who gets rich quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the one who gets rich quickly + +The implied information is that this person gains wealth by unfaithful or dishonest means. AT: "the one who tries to get rich quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/21.md b/pro/28/21.md index e560806b73..64f4e9ea5d 100644 --- a/pro/28/21.md +++ b/pro/28/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## for a piece of bread a man will do wrong ## +# for a piece of bread a man will do wrong -AT: "a man will sin for very little gain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"A piece of bread" is an exaggeration for a very small bribe or reward. AT: "a man will sin for very little gain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## A stingy man ## +# do wrong -a person who does not like to share his possessions +"sin" -## hurries after riches ## +# A stingy man -is greedy for riches. \ No newline at end of file +"A selfish man." This is a person who does not like to share his possessions or spend money. + +# hurries after riches + +The stingy man is spoken of as if he was chasing after wealth. AT: "is greedy for riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# poverty will come upon him + +The result of being stingy is spoken of as if poverty was overtaking the stingy person. The abstract noun "poverty" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "he will suddenly become poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/23.md b/pro/28/23.md index 1ff9c9e8ce..15383dd33a 100644 --- a/pro/28/23.md +++ b/pro/28/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## flatters him with his tongue ## +# Whoever disciplines someone, afterward will find more favor from him than from the one who flatters him with his tongue -AT: "praises him with words that are not sincere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form, with the abstract noun "favor" being expressed as a verb. AT: "A person will favor the one who disciplines him more than he favors the person who flatters him with his tongue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the one who destroys ## +# Whoever disciplines -the person who causes destruction or damage \ No newline at end of file +"If a person disciplines" + +# disciplines + +trains people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior + +# flatters him with his tongue + +The tongue here represents speaking. AT: "flatters him with words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# flatters + +praises someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praises someone about things that are not true + +# Whoever robs + +"The one who robs" + +# says, "That is no sin," + +This can be expressed as an indirect quotation. AT: "says that it is not a sin," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# the companion of + +Possible meanings are: 1) "the friend of" or 2) an idiom that means having the same character as. AT: "the same kind of person as" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/25.md b/pro/28/25.md index eea94107ca..d529ab03b2 100644 --- a/pro/28/25.md +++ b/pro/28/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## A greedy man ## +# A greedy man -a person who wants more than he needs of something +a person who selfishly wants more things, money or food than what he needs -## stirs up ## +# stirs up conflict -causes something bad or unpleasant to happen \ No newline at end of file +The action of the greedy man is spoken of as if he were stirring up or awakening conflict. AT: "causes conflict" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# One who trusts in his own heart + +Depending on one's self is spoken of as trusting in one's own heart. AT: "The person who relies on himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# whoever + +"any person who" + +# walks in wisdom + +Possible meanings are 1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. AT: "lives wisely" or 2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. AT: "follows wise teachings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/27.md b/pro/28/27.md index b3edfba068..029fe2c42a 100644 --- a/pro/28/27.md +++ b/pro/28/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,39 @@ -## closes his eyes to them ## +# The one -"ignores them" or "chooses not to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"The person" + +# the poor + +This refers to poor people in general. AT: "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# lack nothing + +This double negative is used for emphasis. AT: "have everything they need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# whoever closes his eyes to them will receive many curses + +This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) they will receive many curses from the poor. AT: "the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them" or 2) they will receive many curses from people in general. AT: "people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor" or 3) they will receive many curses from God. AT: "God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# whoever + +"anyone who" + +# closes his eyes to + +Closing the eyes represents not responding to the needs of the poor. AT: "ignores" or "chooses not to help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# When the wicked arise + +This is an idiom that means when wicked people gain power or start to rule. AT: "When wicked people rise to power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# people hide themselves + +This is an exaggeration for doing everything they can to avoid having wicked people harm them. AT: "people go into hiding." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# perish + +Possible meanings are 1) "go away" or 2) "fall from power" or 3) "are destroyed." + +# increase + +Possible meanings are 1) "multiply" or 2) "rise to power." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/28/intro.md b/pro/28/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..76cc6706a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/28/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 28 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/01.md b/pro/29/01.md index ceaf869201..36414a113a 100644 --- a/pro/29/01.md +++ b/pro/29/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## stiffens his neck ## +# who stiffens his neck -resists the rebukes (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +A person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. AT: "who becomes stubborn" or "who refuses to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will suddenly be broken ## +# will be broken in a moment -AT: "God will suddenly break him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will suddenly break him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the people sigh ## +# beyond healing -the people let out long loud breaths that express weariness or sorrow. \ No newline at end of file +"and no one will be able to heal him." Sickness is a metaphor for any kind of bad situation. AT: "and no one will be able to help him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the people sigh + +The people let out long, loud breaths that show that they are weary and sad. AT: "the people will be weary and sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/03.md b/pro/29/03.md index 03f9a29f38..e1ed74b779 100644 --- a/pro/29/03.md +++ b/pro/29/03.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# by justice + +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "by doing what is just" or "by making just laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/05.md b/pro/29/05.md index ebcf703967..5ee92b55d1 100644 --- a/pro/29/05.md +++ b/pro/29/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## An evil person is caught in a trap by his own sin ## +# flatters his neighbor -"The sin of an evil person catches him in a trap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +knowingly tells his neighbor things that are not true so that the neighbor will do what the speaker wants him to do + +# spreading a net for his feet + +The writer compares the flattery of a person to setting that person up to being caught in a trap. AT: "setting a trap to catch that person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In the sin of an evil person is a trap + +When an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/07.md b/pro/29/07.md index 8fe093d63a..2c30ce9a9e 100644 --- a/pro/29/07.md +++ b/pro/29/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## set a city on fire ## +# set a city on fire -persuade the people of a city to cause trouble (See:(See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "city" represents the people who live in the city. Mockers causing the people to experience turmoil and possibly to become violent is spoken of as if they set the city on fire. AT: "create turmoil for the people of a city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# turn away wrath + +This idiom means to cause angry people no longer to be angry. AT: "calm the wrath of angry people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/09.md b/pro/29/09.md index bd86e62aa6..30dd36c986 100644 --- a/pro/29/09.md +++ b/pro/29/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## there will be no rest ## +# has an argument with -AT: "the disagreement will not be resolved" +Another possible meaning is "goes to court against." -## the upright ## +# he rages and laughs -See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:31](../03/31.md). \ No newline at end of file +The fool becomes very angry and tries to keep the wise person from speaking or the court judge from judging. + +# rages + +This means to be loud and excited and to move with powerful movements like a strong storm. This is a negative word. + +# there will be no rest + +"they will not be able to settle the problem" + +# seek the life of + +This idiom means to "want to kill." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/11.md b/pro/29/11.md index ed213068db..82f0fe43df 100644 --- a/pro/29/11.md +++ b/pro/29/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## pays attention ## +# pays attention -See how you translate this in [Proverbs 1:23](../01/23.md). +"listens." See how you translated this in [Proverbs 17:4](../17/03.md). -## all his officials will be wicked ## +# all his officials will be wicked -AT: "it is as if he is teaching his officials to be wicked." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \\ . \ No newline at end of file +The actions of the ruler are spoken of by stating the result they will cause. AT: "it is as if he is teaching his officials to be wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/13.md b/pro/29/13.md index af22dc14c5..1f90d1f4b8 100644 --- a/pro/29/13.md +++ b/pro/29/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## oppressor ## +# oppressor a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult -## Yahweh gives light to the eyes of them both ## +# Yahweh gives light to the eyes of them both -"Yahweh makes both of them alive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom means "Yahweh makes both of them alive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## his throne ## +# his throne -"his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The throne is a metonym for the kingdom he rules from his throne. AT: "his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/15.md b/pro/29/15.md index fc040ae1d7..4e8f19c47d 100644 --- a/pro/29/15.md +++ b/pro/29/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## their downfall ## +# The rod and reproof give wisdom -"the downfall of the wicked" \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks as if a rod and reproof were people who could give wisdom as a physical gift. AT: "If a parent uses the rod on his child and reproves him, the child will become wise" or "If parents discipline their child and tell him when he has done wrong, the child will learn to live wisely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The rod + +Parents in Israel used wooden rods as instruments to discipline children by striking them. AT: "discipline" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# reproof + +When a person gives reproof to another person, or reproves that person, he tells that person that he does not approve of what that other person is doing. + +# transgression increases + +The abstract noun "transgression" can be translated as a verb. AT: "more people will transgress and their sins will become worse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the downfall of those wicked people + +The abstract noun "downfall" can be translated with the verb "fall," which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. AT: "those wicked people fall" or "those wicked people lose their power to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/17.md b/pro/29/17.md index 03f9a29f38..872c94bcbb 100644 --- a/pro/29/17.md +++ b/pro/29/17.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the one who keeps the law is blessed + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "God will bless the one who keeps the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/19.md b/pro/29/19.md index 5f5f33e7c1..281f871ecc 100644 --- a/pro/29/19.md +++ b/pro/29/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## A slave will not be corrected by words ## +# A slave will not be corrected by words -"Words will not correct a slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form."You will not be able to correct a slave simply by talking to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## See a man who is hasty in his words? ## +# See a man who is hasty in his words? -"You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer is using a question to get the reader's attention. AT: "You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/21.md b/pro/29/21.md index 66e88ceb98..8cc2d9571d 100644 --- a/pro/29/21.md +++ b/pro/29/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## commits ## +# who pampers his slave -See how you translated this in [Proverbs 6:32](../06/32.md). +"who allows his slave to avoid work and who treats his slave better than he treats other slaves" -## at the end of it ## +# at the end of it -"at the end of his youth" or "when he is grown" \ No newline at end of file +"at the end of the slave's youth" or "when the slave is grown" + +# there will be trouble + +These words translate a Hebrew word whose meaning no one knows for sure. Some understand it to mean that the slave will be weak, others that the slave will rule the household. + +# stirs up strife + +Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. The abstract noun "strife" can be stated as "argue." See how you translated similar words in [Proverbs 15:18](../15/17.md). AT: "causes people to argue more" or "causes people to argue and fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a master of rage + +This idiom means "a person who becomes angry easily." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/23.md b/pro/29/23.md index 6fa81accd4..43a410ff8a 100644 --- a/pro/29/23.md +++ b/pro/29/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## will be given honor ## +# one who has a humble spirit will be given honor -AT: "men will give him honor" or "will receive honor from men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "men will give honor to a person who has a humble spirit" or "a person who has a humble spirit will receive honor from men" or "Yahweh will cause men to honor a person who has a humble spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## hates his own soul ## +# hates his own life -"becomes his own enemy" \ No newline at end of file +"becomes his own enemy" + +# he hears the curse and says nothing + +Possible meanings are 1) people have put the "one who shares with a thief" under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. AT: "he does not dare to testify under oath" or 2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the "one who shares" is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. AT: "he says nothing even after people have cursed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/25.md b/pro/29/25.md index d90e2c3394..1396c6aa6e 100644 --- a/pro/29/25.md +++ b/pro/29/25.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## The fear of man makes a snare ## +# The fear of man makes a snare -AT: "To be afraid of what others think of you is like a dangerous entanglement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Being afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. AT: "Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a snare ## +# a snare -a trap to catch animals +a trap that catches animals with ropes -## will be protected ## +# the one who trusts in Yahweh will be protected -AT: "is safe" (UDB) or "will receive protection from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will protect the one who trusts in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Many are those who seek the face of the ruler + +The word "face" is a metonym for the ruler listening to people telling him what they want him to do and then doing it. AT: "Many people want their ruler to pay attention to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from Yahweh is justice for a person + +It is Yahweh, not human rulers, who will see that people treat a person justly. The abstract noun "justice" can be stated as "just." AT: "it is Yahweh who is truly just towards a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/27.md b/pro/29/27.md index e5f111df00..05f5785f7a 100644 --- a/pro/29/27.md +++ b/pro/29/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## detestable ## +# detestable -See as you translated this in [Proverbs 3:31](../03/31.md). \ No newline at end of file +a person who should be hated. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/31.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/29/intro.md b/pro/29/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5b689bbb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/29/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Proverbs 29 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Themes ##### + +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/01.md b/pro/30/01.md index 3c086223e8..7b25ee3182 100644 --- a/pro/30/01.md +++ b/pro/30/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Agur ... Jakeh ...Ithiel ... Ucal ## +# Agur ... Jakeh ... Ithiel ... Ucal These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## oracle ## +# Agur son of Jakeh -a message from God +This is the literal son of Jakeh, not a grandchild. -## to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal ## +# the utterance -AT: "to Ithiel and Ucal" +"the message" -## Surely ## +# to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal -"Certainly" or "There is no doubt that" \ No newline at end of file +"to Ithiel—that is, to Ithiel and Ucal" + +# Surely + +"Certainly" or "There is no doubt that" + +# I do not have the understanding of a human being + +The abstract noun "understanding" can be translated as a verb. AT: "I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# nor do I have knowledge of the Holy One + +The abstract noun "knowledge" can be translated as a verb. AT: "nor do I really know anything about the Holy One" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/04.md b/pro/30/04.md index aa7dff035d..7765a8d891 100644 --- a/pro/30/04.md +++ b/pro/30/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Who has ...? ## +# Who has ... down? Who has ... hands? Who has ... cloak? Who has ... earth? -There are 4 questions in this verse beginning with "Who has". These can be written as a statement if necessary. AT: "No one has ..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The writer asks these questions to get the reader thinking about how much greater Yahweh is than people. AT: "No person has ever ... down. No person has ever ... hands. No person has ever ... cloak. No person has ever ... earth." or "Who has ... down? Who has ... hands? Who has ... cloak? Who has ... earth? No one has ever done any of these things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## gathered up the wind in hollow of his hands ## +# heaven -AT: "has caught the wind in his hands" +where God lives -## has established all the ends of the earth ## +# gathered up the wind in the hollow of his hands -AT: "has set up the limits for where the earth ends" or "has marked the boundaries for the ends of the earth" +The writer speaks of the wind as if it were something that a person could catch and hold in his hand. AT: "has caught the wind in his hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## What is his name and what is the name of his son? Surely you know? ## +# the hollow of his hands -AT: "Tell me his name and the name of his son, if you know them" \ No newline at end of file +the way his hands are shaped when he is scooping up, for example, water or sand. "his cupped hands" + +# gathered up + +brought small scattered objects into a pile so they can be lifted + +# has established all the ends of the earth + +"has set up the limits for where the earth ends" or "has marked the boundaries for the ends of the earth" + +# What is his name, and what is the name of his son? + +The writer uses these questions to command the reader to give an answer. AT: "Tell me his name and the name of his son, if you know them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Surely you know! + +The writer uses irony to show that neither he nor the reader know any person who can do what the "who" in the earlier questions can do. AT: "I do not think you really know anyone who can do those things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/05.md b/pro/30/05.md index 69fe983486..d00940ce39 100644 --- a/pro/30/05.md +++ b/pro/30/05.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# is tested + +Words are spoken of as if they were metals that need someone to clean the bad parts out of them. AT: "is like a precious metal from which someone has removed all the useless material" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he is a shield to those who take refuge in him + +The word "shield" is a metaphor for something that protects a person. AT: "he protects those who come and ask him to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# add to his words + +say more than he has said + +# you will be proved to be + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "he will prove that you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/07.md b/pro/30/07.md index 31833cc4d6..29739a8896 100644 --- a/pro/30/07.md +++ b/pro/30/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## vanity ## +# Put vanity and lies far away from me -pride in one's appearance, abilities, and wealth +Possible meanings are 1) "Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me" or 2) "Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## poverty ## +# vanity -being poor \ No newline at end of file +false, useless words + +# Give me neither poverty nor riches + +The writer speaks as if "poverty" and "riches" were physical objects that someone could give to another. They are also abstract nouns that can be stated as "poor" and "rich." AT: "Do not allow me to be either very poor or very rich" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# if I have too much, I might deny you and say + +This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes rich. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# if I become poor, I might steal and profane + +This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# I might steal and profane the name of my God + +"I might make people who know that I have stolen things think that there is no God" or "I might harm God's reputation by stealing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/10.md b/pro/30/10.md index 425aed8e6f..9376173af8 100644 --- a/pro/30/10.md +++ b/pro/30/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## you will be held guilty ## +# slander -AT: "people will hold you guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +speak falsely about another person with the desire to harm him + +# he will curse + +"the servant will curse" + +# you will be held guilty + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "people will hold you guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/11.md b/pro/30/11.md index 62037e2961..f6f1713b78 100644 --- a/pro/30/11.md +++ b/pro/30/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## A generation that curses their father and does not bless their mother ## +# a generation that curses ... and does not bless ... a generation that is -"A generation of people who curse their fathers and do not bless their mothers" +"a generation of people who curse ... and do not bless ... a generation of people that are" -## are pure in their own eyes ## +# generation -AT: "believes they are pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +type or class or group -## they are not washed of their filth ## +# is pure in their own eyes -AT: "they are not cleansed from their sins" or "they are still dirty with their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "considers themselves pure" or "believes they are pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are not washed of their filth + +The words "washed" and "filth" speak of God forgiving people who sin as if he were washing physical filth off of the people. This can be translated in active form. AT: "God has not forgiven them of their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# filth + +This should be translated with a polite term that includes human or animal vomit and waste. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/13.md b/pro/30/13.md index 6ac8d7e546..df8310159f 100644 --- a/pro/30/13.md +++ b/pro/30/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ -how haughty are their eyes -These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "their eyes show that they are haughty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# eyes are raised up ... their eyelids lifted up -## jawbones ## +This describes people who think that they are better than other people. Their eyes show that they are proud, and the way they look at others shows that they think they are better than those other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# There is a generation whose teeth are swords, and their jawbones are like knives, so they may devour the poor ... and the needy + +The people of the generation who speak very harmful things is spoken of as if they were wild animals with teeth and jawbones made of swords and knives, and they eat the poor and needy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# jawbones the bones of the face where teeth grow \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/15.md b/pro/30/15.md index 463e1d8749..253dffd9fd 100644 --- a/pro/30/15.md +++ b/pro/30/15.md @@ -1,27 +1,47 @@ -## The leech has two daughters ## +# The leech has two daughters This is an example of something that always wants more. AT: "Greed has two daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## leech ## +# leech a type of worm that attaches itself to the skin and sucks blood -## There are three things that are never satisfied, ## +# "Give and give" they cry -This use of the numbers 'three' and 'four' together here is likely a poetic device. AT: "There are four things that are never satisfied, who never say, "Enough"" +Another possible meaning is "and they are both named Give Me." -## never satisfied ## +# There are three things that are never satisfied, four that never say, "Enough" -AT: "always want more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This use of the numbers "three" and "four" together here is likely a poetic device. AT: "There are four things that are never satisfied, who never say, 'Enough'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) -## scorns obedience ## +# are never satisfied -"despises to obey" +This can be stated positively. AT: "always want more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## ravens ## +# land that is never satisfied with water + +Land that is no longer producing food because there has been no rain is spoken of as if it were a person who does not have enough water to drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# scorns obedience to a mother + +The word "obedience" is a metonym for the mother herself. It is also an abstract noun that can be stated as "obey." AT: "considers his mother worthless and will not obey her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his eyes ... the vultures + +The writer says that the person will die by giving two pictures of what happens to people who die away from where people live. + +# his eyes will be pecked out by the ravens of the valley + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the ravens of the valley will peck out his eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# ravens large, shiny, black birds that eat plants and dead animals -## vultures ## +# he will be eaten by the vultures + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "the vultures will eat him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# vultures any one of several large birds that eat dead animals and have small, featherless heads \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/18.md b/pro/30/18.md index fdc3f9f079..3bf663b9be 100644 --- a/pro/30/18.md +++ b/pro/30/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## There are three things that are ... four that I do not understand: ## +# There are three things that are ... four that I do not understand: -The use of the numbers 'three' and 'four' here is likely a poetic device. AT: "There are some things that are too wonderful for me that I do not understand--four of them are:" +The use of the numbers "three" and "four" here is likely a poetic device. AT: "There are some things that are too wonderful for me that I do not understand—four of them are:" -## in the heart of the sea ## +# in the heart of the sea The "heart" refers to the middle. AT: "in the middle of the sea" or "on the open sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/20.md b/pro/30/20.md index 83d2aca994..445a950d8f 100644 --- a/pro/30/20.md +++ b/pro/30/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## she eats and she wipes her mouth ## +# she eats and she wipes her mouth -This is an idiom for having sex. AT: "She commits adultery and washes herself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This seems to be both a euphemism and a metaphor for committing adultery and then taking a bath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/21.md b/pro/30/21.md index c9f76df13a..c9a73dbc5a 100644 --- a/pro/30/21.md +++ b/pro/30/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Under three things the earth trembles, and the fourth it cannot endure: ## +# Under three things the earth trembles, and under four it cannot bear up -The use of the numbers 'three' and 'four' here is likely a poetic device. AT: "There are some things that make the earth tremble, that it cannot endure. Four of there are:" +The use of the numbers "three" and "four" here is likely a poetic device. "There are some things that make the earth tremble, that it cannot endure. Four of these are:" -## a fool when he is filled with food ## +# a fool when he is filled with food -AT: "a fool when he fills himself with food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "a fool who has had enough to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a hated woman when she marries + +That is, people rightly hated her before she married; once she marries, she will be worse than she was before she married. This can be translated in active form. AT: "a woman whom good people have hated when she marries" or "an outcast woman when she marries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# takes the place of her mistress + +rules the household \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/24.md b/pro/30/24.md index e29c6a2ef3..a008356bd8 100644 --- a/pro/30/24.md +++ b/pro/30/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## rock badger ## +# rock badgers -This is an animal that resembles a large rabbit but has small, rounded ears, short legs, and no tail. \ No newline at end of file +an animal with small, rounded ears, short legs, and no tail \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/27.md b/pro/30/27.md index 6db4b55813..1bedf5160d 100644 --- a/pro/30/27.md +++ b/pro/30/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## lizard ## +# lizard -This is a reptile that has four legs, a long body slender, and a tail. \ No newline at end of file +a small reptile that has four legs, a long, slender body, and a tail \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/29.md b/pro/30/29.md index 82fe32534e..9e2db9524c 100644 --- a/pro/30/29.md +++ b/pro/30/29.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## There are three things that are ... four which are stately in their gait: ## +# There are three things that are ... four that are stately in how they walk -The use of the numbers 'three' and 'four' here is likely a poetic device. AT: "There are some things that walk stately. Four of these are:" +The use of the numbers "three" and "four" here is likely a poetic device. AT: "There are some things that walk stately. Four of these are:" -## stately ## +# stately -"majestic" or "dignified" +majestic or dignified, like a king -## strutting rooster ## +# strutting rooster an adult male chicken that walks proudly \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/32.md b/pro/30/32.md index cae7bc3bfe..f89d885a76 100644 --- a/pro/30/32.md +++ b/pro/30/32.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## churning ## +# churning -Strong stirring. +strongly stirring -## butter ## +# butter -A thick product made of animal milk, similar to curds made and eaten in some part of the world. \ No newline at end of file +Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/30/intro.md b/pro/30/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9788397f98 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/30/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Proverbs 30 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Agur ##### + +His full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means "gatherer" and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name. + +##### Three things and four ##### + +From verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like "small and yet wise." The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +##### Themes ##### +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/01.md b/pro/31/01.md index 24ffcf856d..18797d47d6 100644 --- a/pro/31/01.md +++ b/pro/31/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## King Lemuel ## +# King Lemuel This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## oracle ## +# What, my son? What is it, son of my womb? What do you want, son of my vows? -See how you translated this in [Proverbs 30:1](../30/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings of the rhetorical question "What" are 1) "What are you doing?" or "You should not be doing what you are doing" or 2) "What shall I tell you?" or "Listen to what I am telling you" or 3) "Do not do the things I am about to warn you against." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# my son ... son of my womb ... son of my vows + +The speaker wants the hearer to notice carefully and to respect the one who is talking to him. + +# son of my womb + +The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born. + +# son of my vows + +The "vows" could be 1) the mother's marriage vows or 2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God. + +# Do not give your strength to women + +"Do not work hard trying to have sex with women," either outside of marriage or with concubines. + +# or your ways to those who destroy kings + +"or allow those who destroy kings to advise you" + +# your ways + +Possible meanings are 1) "the way you live your life" or 2) "the work you do" + +# those who destroy kings + +probably the immoral "women" to whom he is not to give his strength \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/04.md b/pro/31/04.md index b20b5f31ca..38b135b9f7 100644 --- a/pro/31/04.md +++ b/pro/31/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Lemuel ## +# Lemuel -See how you translate this in [Proverbs 31:1](./01.md) +This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:1](./01.md). -## decreed ## +# what has been decreed -"ordered" +This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "what God has decreed" or 2) "what the kings themselves have decreed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## pervert ## +# pervert -"change" or "twist" \ No newline at end of file +"change" or "twist" or "deny" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/06.md b/pro/31/06.md index f6efa175fb..bb789078e2 100644 --- a/pro/31/06.md +++ b/pro/31/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## and wine ## +# and wine -"and give wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The ellipsis can be filled in. AT: "and give wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## in bitter distress ## +# in bitter distress -"who's souls are bitter" or "who are in misery" \ No newline at end of file +"who's souls are bitter" or "who are in misery" + +# his poverty + +The abstract noun "poverty" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "how poor he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his trouble + +The abstract noun "trouble" can be translated as a clause. AT: "the bad things that are happening to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/08.md b/pro/31/08.md index 8e7be88500..ea82f8e1ba 100644 --- a/pro/31/08.md +++ b/pro/31/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## for the causes ## +# Speak for those who cannot speak -"speak for the causes" or "speak out for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Speaking is a metonym for using words to defend innocent people. AT: "Defend those who cannot defend themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the poor and needy ## +# for the causes of all who are perishing -These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "those who are poor and in need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The cause represents the person whose cause it is. AT: "so that people will treat all who are perishing justly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for the causes + +The ellipsis can be filled in. AT: "speak for the causes" or "speak out for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# poor and needy people + +These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "people who are poor and cannot get the things that they need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/10.md b/pro/31/10.md index 9ca14db352..23a0814ff6 100644 --- a/pro/31/10.md +++ b/pro/31/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Who can find a capable wife? ## +# Who can find a capable wife? -AT: "Not many men can find a capable wife" or "Not many men can find a wife who is good at many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The writer asks a question to show that he is beginning a new section. AT: "Not many men can find a capable wife." or "Not many men can find a wife who is able to do many things well." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Her value is far more than jewels ## +# Her value is far more than jewels "She is more precious than jewels" -## he will never be poor ## +# he will never be poor -AT: "he will always have what he needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This litotes can be stated positively. AT: "he will always have what he needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/13.md b/pro/31/13.md index c86ed9d31a..25e5eac8f6 100644 --- a/pro/31/13.md +++ b/pro/31/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## wool ## +# wool sheep's hair that is used to make cloth -## flax ## +# flax a plant whose fiber is used to make linen -## merchant ## +# with the delight of her hands -someone who buys and sells \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are that the word "delight" describes 1) how she feels as she works, "gladly with her hands," or 2) how she feels about the wool and flax, "with her hands on things that she enjoys working with" + +# merchant + +someone who buys and sells + +# distributes the work for her female servants + +"tells her female servants what work each of them is to do that day" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/16.md b/pro/31/16.md index 45b23b851f..01edac842d 100644 --- a/pro/31/16.md +++ b/pro/31/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the fruit of her hands ## +# the fruit of her hands -AT: "the money she has earned" or "the result of her hard work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](./13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. AT: "the money she has earned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## She dresses herself with strength ## +# She dresses herself with strength -AT: "She prepares herself for hard work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Putting on clothes is a metonym for preparing for work. AT: "She prepares herself for hard physical work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and makes her arms strong ## +# makes her arms strong -AT: "and she strengthens her arms by doing her work" \ No newline at end of file +"she strengthens her arms by doing her work" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/18.md b/pro/31/18.md index b25ee2527a..1a2fcb7358 100644 --- a/pro/31/18.md +++ b/pro/31/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## perceives ## +# perceives -"discerns" or "identifies" +sees by looking carefully -## all night long her lamp is not extinguished ## +# all night long her lamp is not extinguished -This refers to her working long into the night while it is dark. She does not work the entire night, from dusk to dawn, this is an exaggeration. AT: "She burns a lamp through the night as she works" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This is probably an exaggeration: she works late into the night, but not from dusk to dawn. AT: "She burns a lamp through the night as she works" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## spindle ## +# spindle a thin rod or stick with pointed ends that is used in making thread \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/20.md b/pro/31/20.md index af489fc9b0..c0f0e39b4b 100644 --- a/pro/31/20.md +++ b/pro/31/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## reaches out with her hand ## +# reaches out with her hand to poor -AT: "helps" or "gives her help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The hand is a metonym for the help the woman uses her hand to give. AT: "helps poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## are clothed in scarlet ## +# reaches out with her hands to -Here "scarlet" does not refer to the color of the cloth, but that the clothing is expensive and warm. AT: "have expensive, warm clothing" \ No newline at end of file +These words translate the same words translated "puts her hands on" in [Proverbs 31:19](./18.md). + +# are clothed in scarlet + +Here "scarlet" does not refer to the color of the cloth, but that the clothing is expensive and warm. AT: "have expensive, warm clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# scarlet + +The color red, but with a hint of orange. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/22.md b/pro/31/22.md index 9194650932..c740819182 100644 --- a/pro/31/22.md +++ b/pro/31/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## linen ## +# linen cloth made of flax yarn -## Her husband is known ## +# Her husband is known -"People know her husband" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. The verb "know" is a metonym for respect. AT: "People respect her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when he sits with the elders of the land + +to make laws and settle arguments \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/24.md b/pro/31/24.md index 3af94d57d4..89610630cd 100644 --- a/pro/31/24.md +++ b/pro/31/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## linen ## +# linen cloth made from flax yarn -## sashes ## +# sashes long pieces of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder -## laughs at ## +# She is clothed with strength and honor -"is not fearful of" \ No newline at end of file +Having strength and honor is spoken of as if the woman were wearing them. This can be translated in active form. The abstract nouns "strength" and "honor" can be translated by an adjective and a verb, respectively. AT: "Everyone can see that she is strong, and so they honor her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# laughs at the time to come + +This is probably an exaggeration to show that she is not afraid. AT: "is not afraid of what will happen in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/26.md b/pro/31/26.md index 508c9b079b..587317bc26 100644 --- a/pro/31/26.md +++ b/pro/31/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the law of kindness is on her tongue ## +# opens her mouth with wisdom -The phrase "on her tongue" refer to her speaking, as the tongue is part of the mouth. The phrase "the law of kindness" refers to teachings of kindness. AT: "teachings of kindness are in here words" or "she speaks teachings of kindness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The act of opening her mouth is a metonym for speaking. The abstract noun "wisdom" can be translated as an adverb or an adjective. AT: "she speaks wisely" or "she speaks wise words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## does not eat the bread of idleness ## +# the law of kindness is on her tongue + +The phrase "on her tongue" refers to her speaking, as the tongue is part of the mouth. The phrase "the law of kindness" refers to her teaching people to be kind. AT: "she teaches people to be kind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# watches over the ways of her household + +The word "ways" refers to the way people live. AT: "makes sure her whole family lives in a way that pleases God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# does not eat the bread of idleness To "eat the bread of" something means to do something. AT: "she is not idle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## idleness ## +# idleness doing nothing and being lazy \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/28.md b/pro/31/28.md index 4a0f5bed04..55430f605d 100644 --- a/pro/31/28.md +++ b/pro/31/28.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## rise up ## +# rise up and -"stand up" +Possible meanings are 1) literally "stand up and" or 2) as a metonym, "actively." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## surpassed ## +# call her blessed + +saying that good things have happened to her because she has done good things. This can be translated as a direct quote. AT: "congratulate her" or "say, 'Yay, Mom!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# surpassed "have done better than" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/30.md b/pro/31/30.md index 09cf366515..4800108820 100644 --- a/pro/31/30.md +++ b/pro/31/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## elegance ## +# Elegance is deceptive -being charming and attractive +The abstract noun "elegance" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "A gracious woman can deceive people" or "A woman with good manners could really be evil" See how you translated this in [Proverbs 11:16](../11/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## she will be praised ## +# beauty is vain -AT: "praise is her's" or "she deserves praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The abstract noun "beauty" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "a woman who is beautiful now will not always be beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## let her works praise her in the gates ## +# she will be praised -She will be praised for her works, not by her works. AT: "may the people in the gates praise her because of the works she has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "people will praise her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the fruit of her hands + +The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](./13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:16](./16.md). AT: "the money she has earned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# let her works praise her in the gates + +She will be praised for her works, not by her works. Those "in the gates" are the important people of the city who conduct business and legal affairs near the gates of the city. AT: "may the important people of the city praise her because of the works she has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/31/intro.md b/pro/31/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c05dfae628 --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/31/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Proverbs 31 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +##### King Lemuel ##### + +This person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### An acrostic poem ##### + +Verse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife. + +##### Themes ##### +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Proverbs 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../30/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/front/intro.md b/pro/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4fa0f343dc --- /dev/null +++ b/pro/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +# Introduction to Proverbs # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Proverbs #### + + - Introduction and Solomon's place (1:1–7) +1. Collection of sayings (1:8–9:18) +1. First collection of Solomon (10:1–22:16) +1. First "Sayings of the Wise Men" (22:17–23:14) +1. Other sayings (23:15–24:22) +1. Second "Sayings of the Wise Men" (24:23–34) +1. Second collection of Solomon (25:1–29:27) +1. The Words of Agur (30:1–33) +1. The Words of Lemuel (31:1–9) +1. The Virtuous Woman (31:10–31) + +#### What is the book of Proverbs about? #### + +Most societies have their own proverbs, which are usually short sentences well-known for their meanings and understood by everyone who speaks that language. The book of Proverbs is a collection of this kind of statements, but it also includes general teaching about how to live wisely. It is classed as Old Testament wisdom literature, along with Ecclesiastes and certain Psalms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +The title of this book is often badly translated as "Proverbs." A more general translation would be "Words for Wise People," "Words that Give Wisdom," or something similar. + +=== Who wrote the book of Proverbs?=== + +Proverbs begins with the words, "The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel." But we understand that not all the proverbs were written by Solomon. Unnamed "wise men" seem to have written some of them, as did also "Agur the son of Jakeh." King Lemuel may be the writer of some portion of Proverbs (31:10-31). Solomon, clearly, did not write the whole of the book of Proverbs. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What is meant by "wisdom" and "foolishness" in the book of Proverbs? #### + +Here "wisdom" means the humility necessary to live in a way that honors Yahweh. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. The book of Proverbs also acknowledges that it is important to maintain one's honor or reputation in the opinion of other people. Those who fail to live in this way are called "foolish." For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]]) + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What form do the individual proverbs have? #### + +In general, the proverbs have two parts or two lines, "parallel" to each other. The second part may strengthen the first, may elaborate on the first, or may even contradict the first. But it is also true that these sayings are grouped together in larger units, so the translator should take this fact into account as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +#### How should personification be represented in translation? #### + +In Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and understanding are often represented as if they were wise women, as in [Proverbs 03:15-18](../03/15.md), [Proverbs 04:6-9](../04/05.md), and elsewhere. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, in many languages this kind of direct translation is not possible. In such a case, the translator may be able to use similes instead, presenting the idea that wisdom or understanding is like a wise woman whom people should obey. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/001/001.md b/psa/001/001.md index 9faa1434f8..757b7095cc 100644 --- a/psa/001/001.md +++ b/psa/001/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## who does not walk in the advice of the wicked ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -The word "advice" represents what wicked people say. AT: "who does not follow the advice of the wicked," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# who does not walk in the advice of the wicked -## stand in the pathway with sinners ## +The "advice of the wicked" is spoken of as if it were a path to follow. AT: "who does not follow the advice of the wicked" or "who does not do what wicked people advise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Here the word "pathway" represents the way sinful people live. AT: "imitate the behavior of sinful people," +# stand in the pathway with sinners -## delight ## +Here the word "pathway" represents the way people live. The word "stand" is in parallel with "walk." AT: "imitate the behavior of sinful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"contentment" or "joy" \ No newline at end of file +# or sit in the assembly of mockers + +Sitting with people who mock God represents joining people who mock God. AT: "or join those who mock God" or "or mock God with others who mock him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# delight + +"contentment" or "joy" + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/001/003.md b/psa/001/003.md index 107259b111..7c961d7648 100644 --- a/psa/001/003.md +++ b/psa/001/003.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## He will be like a tree planted by the streams of water that produces its fruit in its season, whose leaves do not wither ## +# General Information: -AT: "Wherever he finds himself, he will be productive and not get tired;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This passage introduces an elaborate image in which a righteous person is thought of in terms of a flourishing tree. + +# He will be like a tree ... fruit in its season + +In the Bible, people are often spoken of as trees. People who delight in Yahweh's law can do all God wants them to do just as a tree that is planted by water produces good fruit. AT: "He will be prosperous like a tree ... fruit in its season" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# planted by the streams of water + +A tree that is planted by a stream can get enough water to be healthy. + +# that produces its fruit in its season + +Healthy trees produce good fruit at the right time. + +# whose leaves do not wither + +If a tree gets enough water, its leaves do not dry out and die. + +# whatever he does will prosper + +"He will be successful at whatever he does" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/001/004.md b/psa/001/004.md index ca1d47a86a..2db31c7819 100644 --- a/psa/001/004.md +++ b/psa/001/004.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## The wicked are not so ## +# The wicked are not so -"The wicked do not have these good results" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +How they are not like that can be stated clearly. "The wicked are not prosperous" or "The wicked do not prosper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## instead like the chaff ## +# but are instead like the chaff -AT: "worthless like the chaff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +How they are like chaff can be stated clearly. AT: "but instead they are worthless like the chaff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## will not stand ## +# will not stand in the judgment -AT: "man will be condemned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Possible meanings are 1) not standing in the judgment is a metonym for being judged by God and having to leave his presence. AT: "will not continue to stay before God when he judges them" or "will have to leave God's presence when he judges them as guilty" or 2) not standing in the judgment is a metaphor for being condemned in the judgment. "AT: "will be condemned in the judgment" or "will be condemned when God judges them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## nor sinners ## +# in the judgment -AT: "neither will sinners stand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The noun judgment can be expressed as a verb. This probably refers to the final judgment when God judges all people. AT: "when God judges everyone" -## nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous ## +# nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous -"God will not consider sinners as righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Translators can supply the verb "stand." AT: "neither will sinners stand in the assembly of the righteous" or "and sinners will not stand in the assembly of the righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous + +Being accepted by God as righteous is spoken of as standing with the group of righteous people. AT: "and God will not accept sinners along with the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/001/006.md b/psa/001/006.md index 3b1273777c..f0d9ee2ff8 100644 --- a/psa/001/006.md +++ b/psa/001/006.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## For Yahweh approves of the way of the righteous ... way of the wicked will perish ## +# For Yahweh approves of the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish -These two clauses contrast what happens to righteous people with what happens to wicked people. \ No newline at end of file +These two clauses contrast what happens to righteous people with what happens to wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the way of the righteous + +How people live is spoken of as if it were a "way" or "road" that they are walking on. AT: "how the righteous live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the way of the wicked will perish + +How people live and what they do is spoken of as if it were a "way" or "road" that they walk on. Possible meanings are 1) the way perishing represents the wicked perishing because of how they live. AT: "The wicked will die because of how they live" or 2) the way perishing is a metaphor for no longer being able to live the way they do. AT: "the wicked will no longer be able to live the way they live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/001/intro.md b/psa/001/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4b244b8c15 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/001/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Psalm 001 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 1 is usually considered to be a "wisdom psalm," which gives advice to those who hear it read or sung. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Blessed ##### +A main theme in this psalm is what it means to be blessed. Here "blessed" refers to anyone who is well off because of a good relationship to God. The contrasting theme is that there are ungodly people, those who refuse to honor God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]) + +##### People who opposed Yahweh ##### + +There are several words in this psalm for those who oppose God: "the wicked" (those who do evil), "sinners" (those who ignore God's law), and "mockers" (those who mock God and the righteous people). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 1:1](./001.md)__ +* __[Psalms intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../002/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/002/001.md b/psa/002/001.md index 403e6306d9..8fb507d94e 100644 --- a/psa/002/001.md +++ b/psa/002/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## Why are the nations in rebellion, and why do the peoples conspire in vain? ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "The nations are rebelling and plotting against God in vain. " AT: "Why do the leaders of nations rage against Yahweh? Why do people rebel against him, even though it is in vain?" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# Why are the nations in turmoil, and why do the peoples make plots that will fail? -## The kings of the earth take their stand together ... rulers conspire together ## +These questions are used to show surprise that the people are doing things that are so wrong and foolish. AT: "The nations are in turmoil and the peoples are making plots that will fail." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -These clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# are the nations in turmoil -## take their stand together ## +This probably means that the nations were making a noisy and angry commotion. -AT: "unite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# the nations -## Let us tear off the shackles ... throw off their chains ## +This represents either the leaders or the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "We should free ourselves from their control; we should not let them rule over us any longer!" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# plots that will fail + +These are probably plots against God and his people. + +# The kings of the earth take their stand together ... the rulers conspire together + +These two clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# take their stand together ... conspire together + +These phrases mean the same thing, implying that the leaders stand together in order to fight against Yahweh and his Messiah. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "gather to fight ... plan together to revolt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Let us tear off the shackles ... throw off their chains + +The people of other nations speak of Yahweh and the Messiah's rule over them as if it were shackles and chains. AT: "We should free ourselves from their control; we should not let them rule over us any longer!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/002/004.md b/psa/002/004.md index 65a45f644b..db6622e9a1 100644 --- a/psa/002/004.md +++ b/psa/002/004.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## sits in the heavens ## +# He ... the Lord -AT: "rules in the heavens" or AT: "sits on the throne in heaven" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +These phrases refer to Yahweh. Yahweh is often called "the Lord" but the words for "Yahweh" and "the Lord" are different. -## sneer at them; the Lord mocks them ## +# sits in the heavens -AT: "The Lord mock them for their foolish idea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) +Here sitting represents ruling. What he sits on can be stated clearly. AT: "rules in the heavens" or "sits on his throne in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## terrify ## +# the Lord mocks them -"frighten" +"the Lord mocks those people." Why he mocks them can be stated clearly. AT: "The Lord mocks them for their foolish plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## He ## +# terrify them in his rage -This word refers to God. +The abstract noun "rage" can be stated as "furious." AT: "he will be furious and terrify them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## them ## +# terrify -This word refers to the rulers of the nations. See: [Psalms 2:1](./001.md). \ No newline at end of file +"frighten" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/002/006.md b/psa/002/006.md index 6c0111f5f1..e01728ce6a 100644 --- a/psa/002/006.md +++ b/psa/002/006.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## myself ## +# I myself -The word "myself" is added here for emphasis. AT: "Yahweh" (UDB) +Yahweh is emphasizing that he, and not someone else, has anointed his king. -## anointed my king ## +# anointed my king -"appointed my king" +"appointed my king to rule" -## He says to me ## +# I will announce a decree of Yahweh -means God says to the king +The person saying this is the king. This can be stated clearly. AT: "The king says 'I will announce a decree of Yahweh'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## You ## +# He said to me -This refers to "my king" from verse 6. +"Yahweh said to me" -## I will announce a decree of Yahweh ## +# You are my son! This day I have become your father -"I will announce a command of Yahweh." - -## I have become your father ## - -AT: "I announce that I am your Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Among many peoples in that part of the world then, men could decide to legally adopt children, who would become their heirs. Here Yahweh adopts a man and makes him king of Israel. AT: "I make you my son. This day I have become your father" or "Now you are my son and am your father" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/002/008.md b/psa/002/008.md index b1ab9104c2..f06f8878dd 100644 --- a/psa/002/008.md +++ b/psa/002/008.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## I will give you the nations for an inheritance ... and the farthermost regions of the earth for your possession ## +# Connecting Statement: -Both of these clauses express the same idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh continues speaking to the new king of Israel. -## the nations ## +# the nations for your inheritance ... the farthermost regions of the earth for your possession -AT: "rule over the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +These phrases express very similar ideas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the farthermost regions of the earth ## +# the farthermost regions of the earth -AT: "the lands that are very far away" +"the lands that are very far away" -## You will break them with an iron scepter; you will smash like a potter's jar ## +# You will break them with an iron rod; like a jar of a potter, you will smash them to pieces -AT: "You will defeat them completely; you will totally destroy them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - AT: "You will defeat them completely" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These phrases express very similar ideas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You will break them with an iron rod + +Defeating the nations is spoken of as breaking them, and his power is spoken of as an iron rod. AT: "You will defeat them completely by your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will smash them to pieces + +Destroying nations is spoken of as if they could be smashed like a clay jar. AT: you will completely destroy them like a clay pot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a jar of a potter + +A potter is a person who makes clay pots and jars. These are fragile and can be broken easily. AT: "a clay jar" or "a clay pot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/002/010.md b/psa/002/010.md index 3bd688b4c9..d9f03b0efb 100644 --- a/psa/002/010.md +++ b/psa/002/010.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## So now, you kings, be warned ... be corrected you rulers of the earth ## +# So now, you kings, be warned; be corrected, you rulers of the earth -These two phrases have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) AT: "you rulers be careful to obey God" * +These two phrases have similar meanings. AT: "So now, you kings and rulers of the earth, be warned and corrected" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## you kings ## +# be warned -AT: " you kings and other rulers" +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "listen to this warning" or "be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## be corrected ## +# be corrected -AT: "pay attention" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "listen to this correction" or "take this correction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/002/012.md b/psa/002/012.md index 4a35453c23..83d6e6177a 100644 --- a/psa/002/012.md +++ b/psa/002/012.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## allegiance ## +# Kiss the son -"loyalty" or "honor" +People would show their king that they were loyal to him by kissing him, perhaps on the feet. AT: "Show the son that you are truly loyal to him" or "Bow down humbly before his son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## his anger quickly ignites ## +# you will die in the way -AT: "when he suddenly becomes very angry." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This may refer to dying right there, before the person has a chance to go away. AT: "you will die immediately" -## take shelter ## +# when his anger burns for just a moment -AT: "find protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The king's anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that could burn. AT: "when he suddenly becomes very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seek refuge in him + +Asking the king for protection is spoken of as seeking refuge in him. AT: "ask the king to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/002/intro.md b/psa/002/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..03dc455248 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/002/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Psalm 002 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 2 is usually considered a royal psalm because it is about the king. It was probably first sung when a new person became the king. It is often thought to be about the Messiah because of verse 6 and 7 reference the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### + +The main theme of this psalm is that God is protecting and empowering the king he has appointed and that it is useless for the foreign nations to oppose God and his king. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +"Today I have begotten you" is a metaphor meaning that God acknowledges the king as his special person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 2:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../001/intro.md) | [>>](../003/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/003/001.md b/psa/003/001.md index 8b1323b461..d5b81e6a1c 100644 --- a/psa/003/001.md +++ b/psa/003/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a psalm that David wrote” +# A psalm of David -## turned away ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -"come against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# Yahweh, how many are my enemies! -## "There is no help for him from God." ## +This exclamation shows that David is afraid of his enemies. AT: "Oh Yahweh, I have so many enemies!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -TA: "God will not help him." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# have risen against me -## Selah ## +Fighting against someone is spoken of as rising against him. AT: "come against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -Possibly a music term meaning the instruments should play and the singing wait. \ No newline at end of file +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/003/003.md b/psa/003/003.md index d13fb35671..bae171ba22 100644 --- a/psa/003/003.md +++ b/psa/003/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## a shield around me ## +# you, Yahweh, are a shield around me -God is protecting him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +A shield protects a soldier. David speaks as if God were a shield protecting him. AT: "you, Yahweh, protect me like a shield" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my glory ## +# my glory -AT: "You give me victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"you are my glory." By calling God his glory, David says that God is the one who gives him glory. Since David has just spoken about his enemies and God being his protector, he probably meant that God gives him glory by giving him victory over his enemies. AT: "you are the one who gives me glory" or "you are the one who gives me victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the one who lifts my head ## +# the one who lifts up my head -AT: "the one who encourages me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"you are the one who lifts up my head." Giving someone courage is spoken of as lifting up his head. AT: "the one who encourages me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your holy hill ## +# I lift up my voice -AT: "the hill where your temple is" \ No newline at end of file +Using one's voice to cry out is spoken as as lifting up his voice. AT: "I cry out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in ([Psalms 3:1](./001.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/003/005.md b/psa/003/005.md index 008b7d016e..b46848642e 100644 --- a/psa/003/005.md +++ b/psa/003/005.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## set themselves against me on every side ## +# have set themselves against me on every side -"surrounded me to destroy me." \ No newline at end of file +"have surrounded me to destroy me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/003/007.md b/psa/003/007.md index 77c3e31159..17ea49fcda 100644 --- a/psa/003/007.md +++ b/psa/003/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## For you will hit all my enemies on the jaw ## +# Rise up -AT: "For you will disable all my enemies;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +David speaks of starting to do something as getting up. AT: "Take action" or "Do something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you will break the teeth of the wicked ## +# hit all my enemies ... break the teeth of the wicked -AT: "you will take away their power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These phrases say very similar things. The phrases "my enemies" and "the wicked" refer to the same group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Salvation comes from Yahweh ## +# For you will hit all my enemies on the jaw -AT: "Yahweh saves his people" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +This was a way of insulting people. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically hit his enemies. AT: "For you will insult all my enemies like someone hitting them on the jaw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will break the teeth of the wicked + +Animals attack with their teeth. Breaking their teeth takes away their power to attack. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically fight against the wicked. AT: "you will make the wicked unable to harm me like someone breaking the teeth of a ferocious animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Salvation comes from Yahweh + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be expressed with the verb "save." AT: "Yahweh saves his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/003/intro.md b/psa/003/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..85d9c9fe04 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/003/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 003 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 3 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a morning song intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during morning worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### +Although the psalmist has many enemies and is saying he is without help, God is protecting him and delivering him from danger. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 3:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../002/intro.md) | [>>](../004/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/004/001.md b/psa/004/001.md index ec4b3ab6fa..16463e1d18 100644 --- a/psa/004/001.md +++ b/psa/004/001.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## For the chief musician; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +# For the chief musician -## on string instruments ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -"people should play stringed instruments with this song." +# on stringed instruments -## A psalm of David ## +"people should play stringed instruments with this song" -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +# A psalm of David -## God of my righteousness ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -AT: "God, you enable us do good things" +# Answer me when I call -## give me room ## +"Respond to me when I call" or "Help me when I call" -AT: "set me free" or "make space for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# God of my righteousness -## when I am hemmed in ## +"God, who shows that I am righteous" -AT: " in a time of trouble." or "when I get trapped." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# give me room when I am hemmed in + +Being in danger is spoken of as being in a narrow space. AT: "rescue me when I am in danger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/004/002.md b/psa/004/002.md index 4daa066cf4..8b30f08038 100644 --- a/psa/004/002.md +++ b/psa/004/002.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## You people, how long will you turn my honor into shame? ## +# General Information: -AT: "You people continually bring me shame when you should be my honoring me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +David sings this part of the song as if he is speaking to his enemies. -## How long will you love that which is worthless and seek after lies? ## +# You people, how long will you turn my honor into shame? -AT: "You continue to love things that are worthless and seek after lies." or "You continue to love false gods. They are worthless and their claims are lies." \ No newline at end of file +David uses this question to rebuke his enemies. AT: "You people continually turn my honor into shame!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# turn my honor into shame + +Shaming him instead of honoring him is spoken of as making his honor become shame. AT: "shame me instead of honoring me" or "bring me shame when you should be honoring me" + +# How long will you love that which is worthless and seek after lies? + +David uses this question to rebuke his enemies. AT: "You continue to love things that are worthless and seek after lies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# love that which is worthless ... seek after lies + +These two phrases are very similar in meaning. The lies are worthless. AT: "love worthless lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Yahweh sets apart the godly for himself + +"Yahweh chooses godly people for himself" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/004/004.md b/psa/004/004.md index 99b2065bfa..86e955503e 100644 --- a/psa/004/004.md +++ b/psa/004/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Tremble in fear ## +# Tremble in fear -AT: “Fear me so much that you shake” or “Stand in awe of me” +The relationship between "tremble" and "fear" and who people should fear can be stated clearly. AT: "Fear Yahweh so much that you tremble" or "Stand in awe of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## tremble ## +# Tremble -"shake" +"Shake" -## offer the sacrifices of righteousness ## +# Meditate in your heart -AT: "offer the right sacrifices" \ No newline at end of file +The heart represents a person's thoughts. Thinking carefully is spoken of as meditating in one's heart. AT: "Think carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Offer the sacrifices of righteousness + +"Offer the right sacrifices" + +# put your trust in Yahweh + +Here "trust" is spoken of as if it were an object that could be put somewhere. The abstract noun "trust" can be stated as a verb. AT: "trust in Yahweh" or "trust Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/004/006.md b/psa/004/006.md index aa73cb6575..4906356c6a 100644 --- a/psa/004/006.md +++ b/psa/004/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## You have given my heart more gladness ## +# Who will show us anything good? -AT: "You have made me glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This question is used either to ask for something or to express a wish about something that has not happened. AT: "Please show us something good!" or "We wish someone would show us something good!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## lift up the light of your face on us ## +# Who will show us anything good? -AT: "continue to treat us kindly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) showing something good represents bringing good things. AT: "Who will bring good things to us?" or 2) showing something good represents saying that good things have happened. AT: "Who will say that anything good has happened?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## than others have when their grain and new wine abound ## +# lift up the light of your face on us -AT: "than other people have when they reap plentiful harvests of grain and grapes." +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh's face shone a light on them. AT: "act favorably towards us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## make me safe and secure ## +# You have given my heart more gladness -AT: "can keep me safe." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The heart represents the person. AT: "You have given me more gladness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# You have given my heart more gladness than others have + +Here "gladness" is spoken of as if it is an object that can be given. The abstract noun "gladness" can be stated as "glad." AT: "You have made me more glad than others are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# when their grain and new wine abound + +"New wine" may represent grapes. AT: "when they reap plentiful harvests of grain and grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# It is in peace that I will lie down and sleep + +Peace is spoken of as if it were a place. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "peace." AT: "I will be peaceful when I lie down and sleep" or "I will not be afraid of danger when I lie down and sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# make me safe and secure + +The words "safe" and "secure" mean basically the same thing and emphasize complete safety. AT: "make me completely safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/004/intro.md b/psa/004/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..85c021540a --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/004/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 004 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 4 is a psalm of deliverance. It is an evening song, intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during evening worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +God protects all those who truly trust in him for protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 4:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../003/intro.md) | [>>](../005/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/005/001.md b/psa/005/001.md index c484a80a78..bfe406f4d6 100644 --- a/psa/005/001.md +++ b/psa/005/001.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## For the chief musician; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +# For the chief musician -## with wind instruments ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# with wind instruments "This song should be accompanied by people who play wind instruments." -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## groan ## +# Listen to my call to you -This means to make a low sound with the voice as a result of physical or emotional stress. +This is a call for help. AT: "Listen to me as I call to you for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Listen to my call to you, Yahweh; think about my groanings. Listen to the sound of my call, my King and my God, ## +# groanings -AT: "Yahweh, you are my king and my God. Please pay attention to my desperate prayer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +low sounds that people make with the voice when they are suffering -## bring my petition ## +# in the morning you hear my cry ... in the morning I will bring my petition to you -AT: "make my request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These two phrases are very similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## expectantly ## +# I will bring my petition to you + +"I will make my request" or "I will ask you for what I need" + +# expectantly "hopefully" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/005/004.md b/psa/005/004.md index 8cb9cd19c4..8c824ee238 100644 --- a/psa/005/004.md +++ b/psa/005/004.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Yahweh despises violent and deceitful men ## +# Yahweh despises violent and deceitful men -AT: "Yahweh, you hate men who do violent acts and deceive others." \ No newline at end of file +Since David is speaking to God in this psalm, this sentence can be stated with the word "you." AT: "Yahweh, you despise violent and deceitful men" or "Yahweh, you hate men who do violent acts and deceive others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/005/007.md b/psa/005/007.md index 961e91fd91..738ca70560 100644 --- a/psa/005/007.md +++ b/psa/005/007.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## make your path straight before me ## +# because of your great covenant faithfulness -AT: "show me clearly what you want me to do." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your house + +This refers to God's temple. AT: "your temple" + +# lead me in your righteousness + +David speaks of righteousness as if it were a path and of teaching as leading. The phrase "your righteousness" means that God is righteous AT: "teach me to do what is righteous as you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# make your path straight before me + +David speaks of righteousness as if it were a path. A straight path is easy to see or walk on. AT: "show me clearly how to live in the right way" or "make it easy for me to do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/005/009.md b/psa/005/009.md index e88cd9f521..4557950149 100644 --- a/psa/005/009.md +++ b/psa/005/009.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## their...they ## +# General Information: -He is talking about his enemies. +David talks about his enemies. -## their inward being is wicked ## +# For there is no truth in their mouth -AT: "They want to destroy others;" +Truth being in the mouth represents speaking truthfully. AT: "For they never say what is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## their throat is an open sepulchre - ## +# their inward being is wicked -** AT: "their talk is cruel;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The inward being represents people's thoughts and desires. AT: "their thoughts and desires are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## schemes ## +# their throat -"plans" +The throat represents people's speech. AT: "their speech" or "what they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## downfall ## +# their throat is an open tomb -"destruction" \ No newline at end of file +Their throat is spoken of as if it were an open tomb, ready for dead bodies to put into it. Possible meanings are 1) "they say that they will kill people" or 2) "What they say kills people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they flatter with their tongue + +"they say nice things about people without really meaning it" + +# their tongue + +The tongue represents what people say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# may their schemes be their downfall + +"may their schemes cause them to experience disasters" or "may they become less important because of their schemes" + +# schemes + +plans to harm people + +# downfall + +This is something that causes a person to experience disasters or to lose power. Experiencing disaster or becoming less important is spoken of as falling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/005/011.md b/psa/005/011.md index 931cf1d8df..b8eb02e19b 100644 --- a/psa/005/011.md +++ b/psa/005/011.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## may all those who take refuge in you rejoice ## +# may all those who take refuge in you rejoice -AT: "Cause everyone who comes to you for protection to be very glad;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +God is spoken of as if he were a refuge, a place where people can be protected. AT: "May all those who go to you for protection rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## those who take refuge in you rejoice ... shout for joy because you defend them ## +# those who take refuge in you rejoice ... shout for joy because you defend them These two clauses express similar thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## those who love your name ## +# take refuge in you -AT: "those who love you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you will surround them with favor as with a shield ## +# those who love your name -"you protect them as a soldier protects himself with his shield." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +God's name represents him. At: "those who love you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you will surround them with favor as with a shield + +God's favor is spoken of as if it were a shield. AT: "you will favor them and protect them as a soldier protects himself with his shield" or "because you are kind to them, you will protect them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/005/intro.md b/psa/005/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..03231b3f0f --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/005/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 005 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 5 is a psalm of deliverance. Notice how the psalmist both praises God and asks Him for help in defeating the wicked. It was intended to be sung accompanied by flutes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +God does not help people who do evil but he blesses those who are good and trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 5:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../004/intro.md) | [>>](../006/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/006/001.md b/psa/006/001.md index 1d0cc9d602..9c318322ce 100644 --- a/psa/006/001.md +++ b/psa/006/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]. +# General Information: -## For the chief musician; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +# For the chief musician -## on stringed instruments, ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -"people should play stringed instruments with this song," +# on stringed instruments -## set to the Sheminith style ## +"people should play stringed instruments with this song" + +# set to the Sheminith style This may refer to a style of music. -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## my bones are shaking ## +# my bones are shaking -AT: "my whole body is shaking from fear." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The bones represent the whole body. His body may have been shaking because he was sick or extremely tired. AT: "my whole body is shaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/006/003.md b/psa/006/003.md index 36382d183b..6de89dd76a 100644 --- a/psa/006/003.md +++ b/psa/006/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Return ## +# very troubled -AT: "Have mercy" or "Come back for me" +"terrified" or "worried" -## in death there is no remembrance of you ... In sheol who will give you thanks? ## +# how long will this continue? -Both of these clauses express similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +David uses this question to show that he does not want to continue feeling weak and troubled. AT: please, do not let this continue!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## In sheol, who will give you thanks? ## +# Return, Yahweh -The speaker puts this remark in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "The dead cannot praise you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +David speaks of God being kind to him as God returning to him. AT: "Yahweh, come back to me" or "Have mercy on me, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Save me because of your covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "Save me because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# For in death there is no remembrance of you. In Sheol who will give you thanks? + +These two sentences express similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For in death there is no remembrance of you + +The abstract noun "remembrance" represents praise. AT: "For when people die, they no longer praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# In Sheol who will give you thanks? + +David uses this question to emphasize that no one in Sheol thanks God. AT: "No one in Sheol will give you thanks!" or "The dead cannot praise you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/006/006.md b/psa/006/006.md index fdb33e1c41..5cb5233d7f 100644 --- a/psa/006/006.md +++ b/psa/006/006.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## I drench my bed with tears ... I wash my couch away with my tears ## +# I am weary with my groaning -Both of these clauses express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +His groaning represents the pain or distress that he feels. AT: "I am very tired because of my pain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I drench my bed with tears ## +# I drench my bed with tears; I wash my couch away with my tears -"I wet my bed with my tears;" +These two sentences express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## My eyes grow dim from grief ## +# I drench my bed with tears -AT: "I am grieving so much that I cannot see well;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I make my bed wet with my tears" or "My bed is very wet because of my tears" + +# I wash my couch away with my tears + +"I make my couch wet with my tears" + +# My eyes grow dim + +The ability to see is spoken of in terms of the eyes. AT: "My vision is blurry" or "I cannot see clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from grief + +Grief here represents crying. AT: "from crying" or "because I cry so much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/006/008.md b/psa/006/008.md index 6e0b83c5a8..aeebcb993c 100644 --- a/psa/006/008.md +++ b/psa/006/008.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Yahweh has heard my appeal for mercy ... Yahweh has accepted my prayer ## +# Yahweh has heard my appeal for mercy ... Yahweh has accepted my prayer These two lines have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## humiliated ## +# Yahweh has accepted my prayer -This means to be disgraced. \ No newline at end of file +Being willing to do what David has prayed for is spoken of as accepting his prayer. AT: "Yahweh will respond to my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/006/intro.md b/psa/006/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8b5603037f --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/006/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Psalm 006 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 6 is a deliverance psalm: a call to God for help. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trouble ##### +He is in deep trouble and needs God to help him in his difficult situation. But then God hears his prayer and scatters his enemies. + +##### First Person ##### + +This psalm is written using first person making its perspective very personal. There are many uses of the first person in this Psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 6:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../005/intro.md) | [>>](../007/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/001.md b/psa/007/001.md index e5a0e9cbd2..050f3a8990 100644 --- a/psa/007/001.md +++ b/psa/007/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## A musical composition of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a song that David wrote” +# A musical composition of David -## concerning the words of Cush the Benjamite ## +"This is a song that David wrote" -AT: "about what Cush, a man from the tribe of Benjamin, said." +# concerning the words of Cush the Benjamite -## rip me apart like a lion, tearing me in pieces with no one else able to bring me to safety ## +"concerning what Cush the Benjamite said" or "about what Cush, a man from the tribe of Benjamin, said" -AT: "violently kill me with no one else to save me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +# take refuge in you! + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you for protection!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they will rip me apart like a lion, tearing me in pieces + +David speaks of his enemies attacking him as if they would rip his body apart and tear it in pieces as a lion would. AT: "they will violently kill me like a lion ripping apart its victim's body and tearing it in pieces" or "they will violently kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# with no one else able to bring me to safety + +"and no one else will be able to save me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/003.md b/psa/007/003.md index 78c0432617..28948348d8 100644 --- a/psa/007/003.md +++ b/psa/007/003.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## there is no injustice on my hands ## +# there is guilt on my hands -"I am not guilty of any crime." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The hands represent what a person does. Having guilt on them represents having done something wrong. AT: "I am guilty of doing something wrong" or "I have sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/005.md b/psa/007/005.md index 982ada6d9c..59fb6b8dc4 100644 --- a/psa/007/005.md +++ b/psa/007/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## let him trample my living body on the ground ## +# my life -AT: "allow my enemies to destroy me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The life represents the person. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## lying dishonored in the dust ## +# overtake me -This means lying dead and unburied in disgrace. \ No newline at end of file +This represents capturing him. AT: "capture me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let him trample my life to the ground + +Here "my life" represents the writer. AT: "allow him to destroy me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lay my honor in the dust + +This refers to lying dead and unburied in disgrace. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/006.md b/psa/007/006.md index 202d67caf0..dc1ff39888 100644 --- a/psa/007/006.md +++ b/psa/007/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## for my sake ## +# Arise, Yahweh, in your anger -"to help me" +Arising represents doing something or taking action. AT: "Do something in your anger" or "Be angry at my enemies and take action: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the countries are assembled ## +# stand up against the rage of my enemies -Here the word "countries" represents all of the armies that have gathered to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Fighting against people is spoken of as standing up against them. AT: "fight against the rage of my enemies" or "attack my enemies who rage against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the rage of my enemies + +Their rage represents their attacks. AT: "the attacks of my enemies" or "my enemies who attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wake up + +Waking up represents starting to do something or take action. AT: "Take action" or "Do something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for my sake + +"for me" or "to help me" + +# The countries are assembled + +Here the word "countries" represents all of the armies that have gathered to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# take once more your rightful place over them + +Ruling people is spoken of as being over them. Yahweh's rightful place refers either to heaven or to ruling in general. AT: "Rule over them from heaven" or "Rule over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/008.md b/psa/007/008.md index 837911ff9e..65f1cb24d8 100644 --- a/psa/007/008.md +++ b/psa/007/008.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## vindicate me ## +# vindicate me -AT: "free me" or "show that I am not guilty" +"show them that I am not guilty" -## you who examine hearts and minds ## +# establish the righteous people -AT: "you who know our inner thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"make the righteous people strong" or "make the righteous people prosper" + +# you who examine hearts and minds + +The hearts and minds represent people's desires and thoughts. AT: "you who know our inner thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/010.md b/psa/007/010.md index f1e78676e5..fbba0f19f2 100644 --- a/psa/007/010.md +++ b/psa/007/010.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## My shield comes from God ## +# My shield comes from God The word "shield" represents God's protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a God who is indignant each day ## +# a God who is indignant each day -AT: "a God who is angry with the wicked every day." \ No newline at end of file +Who God is angry with can be stated explicitly. AT: "a God who is angry with the wicked every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/012.md b/psa/007/012.md index 4c5dfa2d08..8fdc9cfb69 100644 --- a/psa/007/012.md +++ b/psa/007/012.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## If a person does not repent, God will sharpen his sword ## +# God will sharpen his sword and will prepare his bow for battle -AT: "If a person does not stop doing evil things, God will take actions against him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +In verses 12 and 13, David speaks of God deciding to punish the wicked as if God were a warrior preparing to fight against them with weapons. AT: "God will take action against him like a warrior who sharpens his sword and prepares his bow for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/014.md b/psa/007/014.md index 5f664c38d7..514f7dd193 100644 --- a/psa/007/014.md +++ b/psa/007/014.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## one who is pregnant with wickedness ... conceives destructive plans ... gives birth to harmful lies ## +# one who is pregnant with wickedness ... conceives destructive plans ... gives birth to harmful lies -These three clauses use symbolic language to express very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +David speaks of the things that a wicked person does as if the person were pregnant and wickedness was the baby. AT: "the wicked person. He makes plans to destroy people and produces harmful lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# His own destructive plans return to his own head, for his violence comes down on his own head + +Destruction and violence are spoken of as if they hit a person's head or fall down on it. AT: "His own destructive plans destroy him, for his violence attacks him" or "When he plans to destroy others, others destroy him; when he attacks others, others attack him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/007/intro.md b/psa/007/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..22dc2fc146 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/007/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 007 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 7 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### +The author had not wronged anyone, yet his enemy was trying to attack him. But he knew that God would protect him. + +##### Cush the Benjamite ##### +Note the superscription and the specific circumstances. There is no other reference to this incident in the Scriptures. But there are references to David being opposed by those of the tribe of Benjamin during the time he was serving King Saul. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 7:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../006/intro.md) | [>>](../008/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/008/001.md b/psa/008/001.md index ab332d9f40..3196db0fd6 100644 --- a/psa/008/001.md +++ b/psa/008/001.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]. +# General Information: -## For the chief musician; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +# For the chief musician -## set to the gittith style ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to the gittith style This may refer to a style of music. -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## Yahweh our Lord ## +# how magnificent is your name in all the earth -AT: "Yahweh, you who are our Lord," or "Yahweh, you who rule over us," +God's "name" represents his whole being. AT: "people all over the world know that you are very great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## how magnificent is your name in all the earth ## +# Out of the mouth of babies and infants you have created praise -God's "name" represents his whole being. AT: "people all over the world know that you are very great!" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## Out of the mouths of babies and infants you have created praise ## - -AT: "You have given babies and infants the ability to praise you" \ No newline at end of file +Causing babies to praise God is spoken of as if the praise were an object that God created in the babies' mouths and made come out. AT: "You have given babies and infants the ability to praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/008/003.md b/psa/008/003.md index 58bb9c6b24..312c38def1 100644 --- a/psa/008/003.md +++ b/psa/008/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## your heavens, which your fingers have made ## +# your heavens, which your fingers have made -AT: "the heavens which you have made," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +God's fingers represent him. AT: "the heavens which you have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Of what importance is the human race that you notice them, or mankind that you pay attention to them? ## +# Of what importance is the human race that you notice them, or mankind that you pay attention to them? These remarks have been expressed in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "It is amazing that you think about people and are concerned about them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## crowned them with glory and honor ## +# the human race ... mankind -The words "glory and honor" are similar in meaning. AT: "caused them to be like kings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these phrases refer to people in general. + +# have crowned them with glory and honor + +Glory and honor are spoken of as if they were crowns. The words "glory" and "honor" are similar in meaning. AT: "have given them glory and honor" or "have caused them to be like kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/008/006.md b/psa/008/006.md index 7a94233f5c..d74cbdfa32 100644 --- a/psa/008/006.md +++ b/psa/008/006.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## made him rule over the works ... put all things under his feet ## +# You make him to rule over the works ... you have put all things under his feet These two clauses express similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the works of your hands ## +# You make him ... under his feet -This means everything that God created. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"you make them ... under their feet." The words "him" and "his" here refer to people. -## put all things under his feet ## +# the works of your hands -This means that God gave his people authority over all creation. \ No newline at end of file +The hands represent what God has done. AT: "the things that you made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you have put all things under his feet + +Having authority to rule others or control things is spoken of as having them under one's feet. This means God gave people authority over all that he created. AT: "you have given him authority over all things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/008/009.md b/psa/008/009.md index e5597096c1..1fd96ecd8a 100644 --- a/psa/008/009.md +++ b/psa/008/009.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## magnificent ## +# how magnificent is your name in all the earth -"excellent" or "great" +With this exclamation, David shows his joy and awe about how great God is. AT: "your name is wonderfully magnificent in all the earth" or "people in all the earth know how magnificent you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## your name ## +# your name -God's "name" represents his whole being. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +God's "name" represents him or his reputation. AT: "your reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# magnificent + +"excellent" or "great" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/008/intro.md b/psa/008/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..121728ea86 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/008/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Psalm 008 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 8 is a psalm of worship and praise to God. This was to be sung by a choir. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's creation ##### +God has made awesome things in the universe and has exalted humans to be rulers over this creation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exalt]]) + +##### A Little Lower than the Heavenly Beings ##### + +[Psalms Psalm 8:4-6](./003.md) is quoted in [Hebrews 2:6-8](../../heb/02/05.md), where it is applied to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 8:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../007/intro.md) | [>>](../009/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/001.md b/psa/009/001.md index d39b35a986..d6e98155b0 100644 --- a/psa/009/001.md +++ b/psa/009/001.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]. +# General Information: -## For the chief musician; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +# For the chief musician -## set to Muth Labben ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to Muth Labben This may refer to a style of music. -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -“This is a psalm that David wrote." +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## I will give thanks to Yahweh with my whole heart ## +# I will give thanks to Yahweh with my whole heart -AT: " I will praise you Lord with all my heart;" +Since this song is addressed to Yahweh, Yahweh can be referred to as "you." AT: "Yahweh, I will give thanks to you with all my heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## all your marvelous deeds ## +# all your marvelous deeds -AT: "all the marvelous things you have done." +The noun "deeds" can be expressed with the verb "do." AT: "all the marvelous things you do" or "all the marvelous things you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## I will sing praise to your name ## +# I will sing praise to your name -Here "name" represents God's whole being. AT: "I will give you praise," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here God's name represents God. AT: "I will sing praise to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/003.md b/psa/009/003.md index 37f4aee2da..3c7a4b52b9 100644 --- a/psa/009/003.md +++ b/psa/009/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## turn back ## +# turn back "retreat" or "flee in fear" -## you sit on your throne ## +# you sit on your throne, a righteous judge -The words "your throne" represent God's rule of heaven and earth. AT: "you rule heaven and earth," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## a righteous judge ## - -AT: "judging everyone fairly" \ No newline at end of file +Kings had authority to judge people, and they would sit on their throne when they judged. David speaks as if God were an earthly king. AT: "you judge like a king who sits on his throne, and you are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/005.md b/psa/009/005.md index 1df558af42..cafff462dc 100644 --- a/psa/009/005.md +++ b/psa/009/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## blotted out ## +# you have blotted out their name forever and ever + +Causing people to be forgotten is spoken of as blotting out their name. AT: "you have caused them to be forgotten as if their name was blotted out" or "no one will ever remember them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# blotted out "erased" -## crumbled like ruins ## +# The enemy crumbled like ruins -"fell down during battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The enemy is spoken of as if it were a city full of broken down buildings. AT: "Our enemies were destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# when you overthrew their cities + +"when you destroyed their cities" + +# All remembrance of them has perished + +Here "remembrance" is spoken of as if it were a living being that could die. AT: "All remembrance of them has stopped" or "There is no longer any remembrance of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# All remembrance of them has perished + +The abstract noun "remembrance" can be expressed with the verb "remember." AT: "No one remembers them at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/007.md b/psa/009/007.md index 6c6db10129..e83b48b7f0 100644 --- a/psa/009/007.md +++ b/psa/009/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## he establishes his throne for justice ## +# Yahweh remains forever -The words "his throne" represent God's rule. AT: "He rules justly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Remain" probably represents sitting on the throne as king. AT: "Yahweh sits on his throne forever" or "Yahweh rules forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He judges the world fairly ... He makes just decisions for the nations ## +# he has established his throne for justice -These two sentences express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The phrase "his throne" represents God's rule. Possible meanings are 1) "He rules in order to judge people" or "He rules over people justly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He judges the world fairly ## +# He will judge the world with righteousness ... he will execute judgment for the nations with fairness -Here "the world" means all of the people. AT: "He judges everyone fairly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two clauses express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He will judge the world with righteousness + +Here "the world" refers to all the people in the world. AT: "He will judge all the people of the world righteously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/009.md b/psa/009/009.md index fbc4939135..f7bfab3032 100644 --- a/psa/009/009.md +++ b/psa/009/009.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## stronghold ## +# Yahweh also will be a stronghold for the oppressed -"shelter" or "refuge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God is spoken of as if he were a place that people could go to for safety. AT: "Yahweh will also protect the oppressed" or "Yahweh will also provide safety for those who are oppressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Those who know your name ## +# stronghold + +"refuge" or "shelter" + +# Those who know your name Here the words "your name" represent God. AT: "Those who know you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## abandon ## +# do not abandon -"forsake" or "leave" \ No newline at end of file +"do not forsake" or "do not leave" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/011.md b/psa/009/011.md index 79b1693f3b..a3cf606c05 100644 --- a/psa/009/011.md +++ b/psa/009/011.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## who rules in Zion ## +# who rules in Zion -"who lives in Jerusalem;" +"who lives in Jerusalem" -## tell the nations ## +# tell the nations -Here "the nations" represent all of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "the nations" represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For the God who avenges bloodshed remembers + +What he remembers can be stated clearly. AT: "For the God who avenges bloodshed remembers those who were killed" or "For God remembers those who were killed and he punishes the killers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# he does not forget the cry + +"He does not ignore the cry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/013.md b/psa/009/013.md index 2c7ca159ee..e282f984cf 100644 --- a/psa/009/013.md +++ b/psa/009/013.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## see how I am oppressed by those who hate me ## +# see how I am oppressed by those who hate me -AT: "see how badly my enemies treat me," +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "see how those who hate me oppress me" or "see how badly my enemies treat me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## snatch ## +# you who can snatch me from the gates of death -"keep" or "rescue" - -## the gates of death ## - -AT: "being killed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Death is spoken of as if it were a city that had gates through which people enter it. If someone is near the gates of death, it means that he will die soon. Keeping someone from dying is spoken of as taking him away from the gates of that city. AT: "you who can rescue me from death" or "you who can keep me from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/015.md b/psa/009/015.md index 9c6c852992..83f1c3fede 100644 --- a/psa/009/015.md +++ b/psa/009/015.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the nations have sunk down into the pit that they made; their feet are caught in the net that they hid ## +# The nations have sunk down into the pit that they made -The words "pit" and "net" represent the evil plans that wicked people made. AT: "The nations have failed and their own evil plans have destroyed them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +People dig pits in order to catch animals that fall into them. Here digging a pit represents making plans to destroy people. AT: "The nations are like people who dig a pit for others and then fall into it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## ensnared ## +# their feet are caught in the net that they hid -"trapped" or "caught" \ No newline at end of file +People hide nets in order to catch animals that get caught in them. Here hiding a net represents making plans to destroy people. AT: "they are like people who hide a net and get trapped in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# ensnared + +"trapped" or "caught." This represents being destroyed. AT: "destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/017.md b/psa/009/017.md index 9602553e6d..0d2d85a3c8 100644 --- a/psa/009/017.md +++ b/psa/009/017.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## turned back ## +# turned back "rejected" -## not always ## +# the destiny of all the nations that forget God -"never" +"where all the nations that forget God will be" -## forever dashed ## +# For the needy will not always be forgotten -AT: "ignored" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not always forget the needy" or "God will remember the needy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# nor will the hopes of the oppressed be forever dashed + +Hopes are spoken of as if they were objects that could be broken or destroyed. Hopes being destroyed represents the things that people hope for never happening. AT: "and the oppressed will not hope forever without results" or "and someday what the oppressed hope for will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/019.md b/psa/009/019.md index d07fc5aa94..7e59f8b51b 100644 --- a/psa/009/019.md +++ b/psa/009/019.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## man ## +# Arise -AT: "wicked people" +Getting up represents starting to do something. AT: "Do something" or "Take action" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## may the nations be judged in you sight ## +# man -AT: "judge the nations in your presence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"people" -## Terrify them, Yahweh ## +# be judged -AT: "Put fear in them, Yahweh," +Here judging represents punishing. AT: "be punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## may the nations know ## +# in your sight -AT: "and cause the nations to realize" \ No newline at end of file +Here sight represents presence. AT: "in your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# may the nations be judged in your sight + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "judge the nations in your presence" or "take the nations into your presence and punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/009/intro.md b/psa/009/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f4769ba79d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/009/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Psalm 009 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 9 is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### +God is a protector. He is all-powerful and his enemies cannot withstand him. + +##### Acrostic Psalm ##### + +This psalm along with Psalm 10 form an acrostic. Which means that each unit begins with a successive letter of the Hebrew alphabet. + +##### One Psalm or two ##### + +This psalm has a superscription but Psalm 10 doesn't. This fact and the acrostic nature of the two psalms has lead some scholars to believe these two psalms may have originally been written as one psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 9:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../008/intro.md) | [>>](../010/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/001.md b/psa/010/001.md index 9c71986985..d309dc2470 100644 --- a/psa/010/001.md +++ b/psa/010/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]. +# General Information: -## Why, Yahweh, do you stand far off? Why do you hide yourself in times of trouble? ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "Yahweh, it seems that you are very far away!" AT: "Yahweh, It seems as though you hide from me whenever I am in trouble." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Why, Yahweh, do you stand far off? Why do you hide yourself in times of trouble? -## schemes ## +The speaker uses these questions to express his distress that God has not helped him. AT: "Yahweh, it seems as though you are far away from me and you hide from me whenever I am in trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# schemes "plans" -## his deepest desires ## +# the wicked person -AT: "the evil things that he wants to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This refers to wicked people in general. AT: "wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## greedy ## +# his deepest desires -This is a when someone desires more things selfishly. \ No newline at end of file +The noun "desires" can be expressed with the verb "want. "AT: "the things that he wants very much to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the greedy + +"greedy people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/004.md b/psa/010/004.md index 88bc109dd0..6af0eb97b6 100644 --- a/psa/010/004.md +++ b/psa/010/004.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## the wicked man ## +# The wicked man -In this phrase, "the wicked man" is representing many wicked people. (See UDB) +This refers here to wicked people in general. AT: "the wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## he does not care at all about him ## +# has a raised face -AT: "he has no concern for him." or "they have no concern for him." +A raised face represents pride or arrogance. AT: "has an arrogant attitude" or "is proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He is secure at all times ## +# he does not seek God -He is not really secure, but he seems to be secure to others. (See UDB) +Seeking God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. AT: "he does not ask God for help" or "he does not think about God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## snorts ## +# He is secure at all times -This means to make an offensive sound with the nose and mouth. \ No newline at end of file +"He is safe at all times." He is not really safe, but he thinks that he is. + +# your righteous decrees are too high for him + +Something that is hard to understand is spoken of as if it were too high to reach. AT: "he cannot understand your righteous decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he snorts at all his enemies + +People snort at their enemies when they think that their enemies are weak and worthless. AT: "he thinks that all his enemies are weak and worthless" or "he sneers at all his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# he snorts + +This means that he blows air out noisily through his nose. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/006.md b/psa/010/006.md index 605c9292d3..61e05ef4f3 100644 --- a/psa/010/006.md +++ b/psa/010/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## He says ## +# He says "The wicked man says" -## adversity ## +# throughout all generations -This is a very difficult situation. +This probably simply means "forever." -## His mouth is full of cursing and deceptive, harmful words ## +# I will not meet adversity -The "mouth" represents a place where evil speech comes from. AT: "He is lying and saying evil things about people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Experiencing adversity is spoken of as meeting it. AT: "I will not have any troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his tongue injures and destroys ## +# His mouth is full of cursing and deceptive, harmful words -Here the "tongue" represents his evil speech. AT: "he speaks words that threaten and hurt people." \ No newline at end of file +What people say is spoken of as being in their mouth. AT: "He always curses people and says things that are deceptive and harmful" or "He always curses people, tells lies, and threatens to harm people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his tongue injures and destroys + +Here the tongue represents speaking. AT: or "what he says injures and destroys people" or "he speaks words that threaten and hurt people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/008.md b/psa/010/008.md index 0061879289..e6d81afc4c 100644 --- a/psa/010/008.md +++ b/psa/010/008.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## He waits in ambush ## +# He waits in ambush The word "he" refers to the wicked man. -## He lurks in secret like a lion in the thicket ## +# his eyes look for some helpless victim -The evil man hides in waiting for the weak, the same way the lion waits for its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The eyes represent him. AT: "he looks for some helpless victim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## lurk ## +# He lurks in secret like a lion in the thicket + +This speaks of the wicked person as if he were a lion. AT: "He hides while he waits for the weak to walk near him, the same way a lion quietly waits in the bush for the animal it wants to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# lurks This means to hide or wait with intent to harm or kill. -## strong nets ## +# he lies in wait -The word "nets" represents the plans the wicked man has made to destroy others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"lies down waiting" or "he hides and waits" + +# He catches the oppressed when he pulls in his net + +The writer speaks of the wicked person catching people as if he were a hunter using a net to catch animals. AT: "He catches the oppressed like a hunter that catches an animal in a net and drags it away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they fall into his strong nets + +The writer continues to speak of the wicked person catching people as if he were a hunter, his plans were nets, and the people were animals that fall into his net. AT: "his victims are caught by his plans like animals that fall into a hunter's strong nets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/011.md b/psa/010/011.md index 3ad1501e38..8003639acf 100644 --- a/psa/010/011.md +++ b/psa/010/011.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## He says ## +# He says -AT: "The wicked people say" +The word "He" refers to the wicked person, and to wicked people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## his heart ## +# God has forgotten -AT: "their hearts," +Refusing to pay attention to what people do is spoken of as forgetting. AT: "God does not pay attention" or "God does not care about what I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## God has forgotten ## +# he covers his face -AT: "God does not care;" +Refusing to pay attention to what someone does is spoken of as covering one's face. AT: "God refuses to see what is happening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he covers his face ## +# he will not bother to look -AT: "God refuses to see what is happening;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Paying attention to what someone does is spoken of as looking at it. AT: "he will not bother to pay attention" or "he will not care" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## lift up your hand ## +# Arise -Here "your hand" represents God's power to punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Starting to do something is spoken of as getting up. AT: "Do something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Lift up your hand + +Here lifting the hand to hit someone represents punishing him. AT: "Hit him hard" or "Punish the wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/013.md b/psa/010/013.md index e0841a0250..1899f26dd1 100644 --- a/psa/010/013.md +++ b/psa/010/013.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Why does the wicked man ## +# Why does the wicked man reject God and say ... "You will not hold me accountable"? -The words "wicked man" represent "wicked people." AT: "Wicked people are always rejecting God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The speaker uses this question to show that he is very sad that wicked people do these things. AT: "Wicked people are always rejecting God and saying ... 'You will not hold me accountable.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## his heart ## +# You will not hold me accountable -AT: "their hearts," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"You will not require me to tell you why I do what I do." Holding someone accountable here represents punishing him. AT: "You will not punish me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/015.md b/psa/010/015.md index 069fa7491b..741ae887b9 100644 --- a/psa/010/015.md +++ b/psa/010/015.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Break the arm of the wicked and evil man ## +# Break the arm of the wicked and evil man -Here "the arm" represents the power of wicked and evil people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "arm" represents power. AT: "Destroy the power of the wicked and evil man" or "Make the wicked and evil man weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## wicked and evil ## +# wicked and evil These words have the same meaning. You can use one word to express both concepts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## him ... his ... he ## +# Make him account for his evil deeds -These words may be written in the plural: "them ... their ... they" +Making someone account for his evil deeds represents punishing him. AT: "Punish him for the evil things he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the nations are driven out of his land ## +# the nations are driven out of his land -AT: "you will cause the wicked to leave your land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. "Yahweh forces the people of other nations to leave his land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/017.md b/psa/010/017.md index 0df2dcf12a..77ea713fbc 100644 --- a/psa/010/017.md +++ b/psa/010/017.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## needs ## +# you have heard the needs of the oppressed -"cries" +It is implied that the oppressed people cried out to God. AT: "when oppressed people cried out to you, you listened to them tell you what they need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## you strengthen their heart ## +# you strengthen their heart -AT: "you give them strength;" or "you make their hearts strong;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +A strong heart represents courage, and making people's hearts strong represents encouraging them. AT: "you encourage them" or "you make them confident" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## no man ## +# no man ... will cause terror again -"no one" - -## cause terror again ## - -AT: "cause people to be very afraid again." \ No newline at end of file +"no one ... will cause people to be afraid again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/010/intro.md b/psa/010/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..de80fb6318 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/010/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Psalm 010 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 10 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Evil people ##### +The wicked people are prospering and think that God does not care. They think that he is not involved in these affairs. They destroy the innocent. The godly need God to come to their rescue and to punish the wicked people for the evil that they are doing to the good people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) + +##### Second half of Psalm 9 ##### + +As noted in the intro to the last psalm, this one is part of an acrostic poem. This psalm covers the last half on the Hebrew alphabet. It also does not have a superscription to introduce it. However, the psalms do separate well on the subjects they address. One addresses thanksgiving and praise whereas Psalm 10 is a lament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 10:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../009/intro.md) | [>>](../011/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/011/001.md b/psa/011/001.md index 3737b537bf..ad1ea4aa2d 100644 --- a/psa/011/001.md +++ b/psa/011/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## I take refuge in Yahweh ## +# take refuge in Yahweh -A "refuge" is a kind of shelter. Here it represents the protection that Yahweh can provided. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to Yahweh for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## how will you say to me, "Flee like a bird to the mountain?" ## +# how will you say to me, "Flee like a bird to the mountain"? -AT: "So do not ask me to run away!" ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is asked to provide emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "So do not ask me to run away!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## For see! The wicked prepare their bows. They make ready their arrows on the strings to shoot in the darkness at the upright in heart ## +# For see! The wicked prepare their bows. They make ready their arrows on the strings to shoot in the darkness at the upright in heart -AT: "Look! the wicked are preparing to attack upright people." \ No newline at end of file +"Look! the wicked are preparing to attack upright people" + +# upright in heart + +Here "upright in heart" refers to godly or righteous people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/011/003.md b/psa/011/003.md index 51a9ce761a..3a6d429ef1 100644 --- a/psa/011/003.md +++ b/psa/011/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## For if the foundations are ruined, what can the righteous do? ## +# For if the foundations are ruined, what can the righteous do? -AT: "What can the righteous do when evil people are not punished when they disobey the laws?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "the foundations" may refer to law and order. This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Righteous people cannot do anything when evil people are not punished when they disobey the laws!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## children of men ## +# his eyes watch, his eyes examine the children of mankind -"humanity" +Here Yahweh is represented by his "eyes." Yahweh is aware of everything that happens. AT: "He examines all that humanity does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## his eyes watch, his eyes examine the children of men ## +# children of mankind -AT: "He examines all that humanity does." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"humanity" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/011/005.md b/psa/011/005.md index 3f989f1fb7..0485d9923c 100644 --- a/psa/011/005.md +++ b/psa/011/005.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## examines ## +# examines -AT: "watches carefully" +"watches carefully" -## do violence ## +# do violence -AT: "hurt others." +"hurt others" -## He rains burning coals and brimstone upon the wicked: a scorching wind will be their portion from his cup! ## +# He rains burning coals and brimstone upon the wicked; a scorching wind will be their portion from his cup! -AT: "He punishes the wicked; there will be no relief for them! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God's punishment is described as if it were burning coals and brimstone from a volcano. AT: "He punishes the wicked; there will be no relief for them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## brimstone ## +# brimstone This is another name for sulphur. -## see his face ## +# see his face -AT: "be in his presence forever." - -## Selah ## - -AT: "Think about these things." \ No newline at end of file +"be in his presence" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/011/intro.md b/psa/011/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..440460edde --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/011/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 011 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 11 is a worship psalm. It tells how great God is and that God delivers the good people from the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Justice ##### +The wicked people try to destroy the good people but God knows everything that is being done and he saves the good people and destroys the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 11:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../010/intro.md) | [>>](../012/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/012/001.md b/psa/012/001.md index cbb63fb5cc..4e96df1a4c 100644 --- a/psa/012/001.md +++ b/psa/012/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +# For the chief musician -## set to the Sheminith ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to the Sheminith This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 6:1](../006/001.md). -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## Help, Yahweh ## +# Help, Yahweh -AT: "Yahweh, come to my aid," +"Yahweh, come to my aid" -## faithful have vanished ## +# faithful have vanished -"faithful people have all vanished." \ No newline at end of file +"faithful people have all vanished" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/012/002.md b/psa/012/002.md index d994169996..20aa524b6a 100644 --- a/psa/012/002.md +++ b/psa/012/002.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## everyone says ... everyone speaks ## +# Everyone says ... everyone speaks -The word "everyone" in both clauses is used to emphasize that the problem is serious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +The two occurrences of "everyone" are exaggerations, used to emphasize that this is true of very many people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## flattering lips ## +# everyone speaks with flattering lips and a double heart -AT: "false praise" +Here "lips" is a metonym for what people say, and "a double heart" is a metaphor for deception. AT: "everyone speaks with flattering words and deception" or "everyone praises people falsely and tells lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a double heart ## +# cut off all flattering lips -AT: "words that deceive." +Here "flattering lips" is a metonym for people who flatter others. Possible meanings are 1) "cut off" is a metaphor for killing. AT: "kill all who flatter others" or 2) "cut off" is a metaphor for stopping something. AT: "stop all those who flatter others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## cut off all flattering lips ## +# every tongue declaring great things -"stop them from speaking false praise," +Here "every tongue" represents every person who declares great things. AT: "every person who boasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## every tongue declaring great things ## +# With our tongues will we prevail -"every person who is boasting," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "tongues" represents what people say. AT: "We will prevail because of what we say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## "With our tongues will we prevail ## +# will we prevail -Here "our tongues" represent the many words that they speak. AT: "Speaking many words will make us victorious." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"we will succeed" or "we will win" or "we will be victorious" -## who can be lord over us? ## +# When our lips speak -AT: "no one can rule over us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the "lips" represents the people who speak. AT: "When we speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# who can be master over us? + +This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that they believed no one could rule over them. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "no one can rule over us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/012/005.md b/psa/012/005.md index e37f596f15..c2d38c7730 100644 --- a/psa/012/005.md +++ b/psa/012/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## groans ## +# groans These are deep sounds that people make because of pain or some strong emotion. -## I will arise," says Yahweh ## +# I will arise," says Yahweh This means Yahweh will do something to help the people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/012/006.md b/psa/012/006.md index 6f4af29a5f..2daf5e1e3e 100644 --- a/psa/012/006.md +++ b/psa/012/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## like silver purified in a furnace on the earth, refined seven times ## +# like silver purified in a furnace on the earth, refined seven times -AT: "they are without any imperfection." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh's words are compared to silver that has been purified. AT: "they are without any imperfection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## You keep them ## +# You keep them -AT: "You keep the righteous people safe." +"You keep the righteous people safe" -## walk on every side ## +# walk on every side -AT: "surround us" +"surround us" -## when evil is exalted among the sons of men ## +# when evil is exalted among the children of mankind -AT: "when evil is praised among the people everywhere." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "when people everywhere are praising evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# children of mankind + +"human beings" or "people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/012/intro.md b/psa/012/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..065a47d0c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/012/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 012 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 12 is a judgment psalm, where the author asks God to judge and punish the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh saves ##### +There are so many wicked people now and they are proud of their evil. But God will save the poor who call out to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]]) + +##### Words ##### +This relatively short psalm focuses on the words people use. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 12:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../011/intro.md) | [>>](../013/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/013/001.md b/psa/013/001.md index 5ef56473d1..f6a7895e30 100644 --- a/psa/013/001.md +++ b/psa/013/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -“This is a psalm that David wrote." +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## How long, Yahweh, will ... forgetting about me? ## +# How long, Yahweh, will you keep forgetting about me? -AT: "Yahweh, it seems that you have forgotten about me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is asked to get the reader's attention and to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Yahweh, it seems that you have forgotten about me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## How long ... face from me? ## +# How long ... face from me? -The words "your face" represent God's whole being. AT: "It seems like you are hiding from me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The words "your face" represent God's whole being. This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "It seems like you are hiding from me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## How long will my enemy triumph over me? ## +# How long will my enemy triumph over me? -AT: "Surely my enemies will not always defeat me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely my enemies will not always defeat me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/013/003.md b/psa/013/003.md index cedc98fd9f..f193bbd62e 100644 --- a/psa/013/003.md +++ b/psa/013/003.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Look at me and answer me ## +# Look at me and answer me -AT: "Give me your attention and listen to me," +"Give me your attention and listen to me" -## Enlighten my eyes ## +# Give light to my eyes -This is a way of asking for strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is a way of asking for strength. AT: "Make me strong again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## or I will sleep in death ## +# or I will sleep in death -To "sleep in death" means "to die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +To "sleep in death" means to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## when I am brought down ## +# Do not let my enemy say ... so that my enemy may not say -AT: "when I fall" or "when I lose." +"Do not let my enemy say about me ... so that my enemy may not say about me" -## me, my, I, him ## +# when I am brought down -David is referring to himself as he speaks to God. \ No newline at end of file +"when I fall" or "when they defeat me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/013/005.md b/psa/013/005.md index b08e737417..48c5831457 100644 --- a/psa/013/005.md +++ b/psa/013/005.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## my heart rejoices in your salvation ## +# I have trusted in your covenant faithfulness -Here "my heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I will rejoice because you have rescued me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "I have trusted that you are faithful to your covenant" or "I have trusted you because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my heart rejoices in your salvation + +Here "my heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I will rejoice because you have rescued me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/013/intro.md b/psa/013/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0d480b210d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/013/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 013 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 13 is a psalm of deliverance because the psalmist is calling on God to deliver him from death and his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +The author needs God to help him because his enemies will rejoice if they are able to defeat him. The string of rhetorical questions is very effective at heightening the fear David is feeling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 13:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../012/intro.md) | [>>](../014/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/014/001.md b/psa/014/001.md index 67fb0ddbc1..9266131074 100644 --- a/psa/014/001.md +++ b/psa/014/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## They are corrupt ## +# A fool says in his heart -The word "they" refers to all human beings. \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that means to say to oneself or to think to oneself. AT: "A foolish person says to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# They are corrupt + +The word "they" refers to all foolish human beings who say there is no God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/014/002.md b/psa/014/002.md index 7e85007b7a..d0d5bba956 100644 --- a/psa/014/002.md +++ b/psa/014/002.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## sons of mankind ## +# children of mankind This phrase refers to all humans. -## who seek after him ## +# who seek after him -"who look for Yahweh" +This describes those who desire to know God as if they were actually following him on a path. AT: "who desire to know him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## has turned aside ## +# They have all turned away -AT: "has turned away from;" - -## filthy ## - -Here "filthy" refers to sinfulness, not physical filth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This describes people who have rejected God as if they had stopped walking on the right path and had gone in another direction. AT: "They have all turned away from Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/014/004.md b/psa/014/004.md index df3f7bc5d7..262a0675ff 100644 --- a/psa/014/004.md +++ b/psa/014/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Will they not know anything ... who do not call on Yahweh? ## +# Do they not know anything ... who do not call on Yahweh? -The writer puts this verse in the form of a question to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "They act as if they do not know anything ... who do not call on Yahweh. But they know what they are doing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## those who commit iniquity ## +# those who commit iniquity -AT: "those who behave in evil ways," +The abstract nouns "iniquity" can be stated as "evil deeds." AT: "those who do evil deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## those who eat up my people ## +# those who eat up my people -Just as people "eat" bread, those who do evil things destroy God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to those who do evil things and destroy God's people as if they were eating food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/014/005.md b/psa/014/005.md index bb289e6649..17aa8d4105 100644 --- a/psa/014/005.md +++ b/psa/014/005.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## They tremble ## +# They tremble The word "they" refers to those who do evil things. -## You want ## +# God is with the righteous assembly -The word "you" refers to the wicked. +To say that "God is with" those who are righteous means that he helps them. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "God helps those who act righteously" or "God helps those who do the right things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to humiliate the poor person ## +# You want -AT: "to make the poor person feel ashamed" +The word "you" here refers to the wicked people. -## Yahweh is his refuge ## +# to humiliate the poor person -AT: "Yahweh is like a shelter of protection to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"to make the person who is poor feel ashamed" + +# Yahweh is his refuge + +This speaks of the protection that Yahweh provides as if he were a shelter that one might seek in a storm. AT: "Yahweh is like a shelter of protection to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/014/007.md b/psa/014/007.md index 889b3c4b0c..852413f2d5 100644 --- a/psa/014/007.md +++ b/psa/014/007.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Oh, that the salvation of Isreal would come from Zion! ## +# Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion! -David is saying he longs for help from God in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is an exclamation. The writer is saying what he wishes or longs for God to do. AT: "I wish so much that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## Jacob ## +# Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion! -Here "Jacob" refers to the people of Isreal, the descendents of Jacob. \ No newline at end of file +Here "the salvation of Israel" is a metonym for Yahweh, the one who saves Israel. AT: "Oh, that Yahweh would come from Zion and save Israel!" or "I wish that Yahweh would come from Zion and rescue his people Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# then Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad + +These two phrases mean the same thing. Here both "Jacob" and "Israel" represent the people of Israel. The two phrases can be combined in the translation. AT: "then all the people of Israel will rejoice greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/014/intro.md b/psa/014/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e0d7820aff --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/014/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 014 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 14 is a deliverance psalm because he is trusting God to deliver the poor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Evil people ##### +Wicked people do not even consider God when they make their plans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 14:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../013/intro.md) | [>>](../015/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/015/001.md b/psa/015/001.md index 9801e91552..8c421ccb9d 100644 --- a/psa/015/001.md +++ b/psa/015/001.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +# A psalm of David -## who may live on your holy hill ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -ALT: "who may live in your holy place" \ No newline at end of file +# Who may live on your holy hill? + +God's "holy hill" represents God's temple, which was on Mount Zion. AT: "Who may live in your holy place?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# speaks truth from his heart + +"speaks honestly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/015/003.md b/psa/015/003.md index 61e1f92f90..0a7b447893 100644 --- a/psa/015/003.md +++ b/psa/015/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## He ## +# He -AT: "This kind of person" +This refers to the righteous person in [Psalms 15:02](./001.md). -## He does not slander with his tongue ## +# He does not slander with his tongue -Here "tongue" represents evil speech. ALT: "He does not say evil things about," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "tongue" represents what a person says. AT: "He does not slander people with his speech" or "He does not say evil things about innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## harm ## +# harm "hurt" or "damage" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/015/004.md b/psa/015/004.md index 7c7a65f031..e9099bb70b 100644 --- a/psa/015/004.md +++ b/psa/015/004.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## The worthless person is despised in his eyes, but he honors ... fear Yahweh ## +# The worthless person is despised in his eyes, but he honors those who fear Yahweh -AT: "Righteous people hate those who have rejected God, but they honor those who respect God." \ No newline at end of file +"Righteous people hate those who have rejected God, but they honor those who respect God" + +# The worthless person + +"The wicked person" or "The person who has rejected Yahweh" + +# will never be shaken + +Here "to be shaken" represents not living safely any longer. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "will live in safety" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/015/intro.md b/psa/015/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..293cd020b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/015/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Psalm 015 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 15 is a wisdom psalm telling how people who honor God should live. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Godliness ##### +This psalm outlines a person who is godly and sees others from a godly perspective. There are several good actions mentioned. Such a person treats his neighbor right, does not slander him, does not take a bribe or interest from him, and keeps his promises even when it is difficult to do so. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + +##### Moral Conditions for Worship ##### + +Scholars have noted that this psalm contains a list of ten different conditions for those who want to participate in worship at the temple. The list consists of three positives in verse 2, 3 negatives in verse 3, two positives in verse 4, followed by two negatives in verse 5. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + + + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 15:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../014/intro.md) | [>>](../016/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/016/001.md b/psa/016/001.md index de631200f6..573a8ab3b8 100644 --- a/psa/016/001.md +++ b/psa/016/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A michtam of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote." +# A michtam of David -## take refuge ## +The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote." -AT: "seek protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# take refuge in you -## As for the saints ## +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "As for the believers" \ No newline at end of file +# the holy people who are on the earth + +Here "holy people" refers to God's own people who trust him. AT: "your people who live in this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/016/004.md b/psa/016/004.md index 89235217f7..59b3aed678 100644 --- a/psa/016/004.md +++ b/psa/016/004.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Their troubles wil be increased ## +# Their troubles will be ... gods -AT: "The troubles of those who seek other gods will increase," +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The troubles of those who seek other gods will increase" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## lift up their names with my lips ## +# pour out ... blood to their gods -Lifting up "their names with my lips" represents praising the other gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"pour out blood as a sacrifice to their gods" + +# or lift up their names with my lips + +Lifting up their names is a metaphor for praising them, and "lips" is a metonym for what one says. AT: "or praise them with my words" or "and I will not praise their gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/016/005.md b/psa/016/005.md index 9808ee9652..926e677e7f 100644 --- a/psa/016/005.md +++ b/psa/016/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## my cup ## +# my chosen portion -The word "cup" represents the one who gives blessings. AT: "the one who blesses me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a portion of land that has been given to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Measuring lines have been laid for me ## +# my cup -AT: "The place you have provided for me is pleasant." +Here David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a cup that contains many blessings. AT: "the one who blesses me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You hold on to my destiny ## +# You hold onto my destiny -AT: "You determine my future." \ No newline at end of file +"You determine my future" + +# Measuring lines ... in pleasant places + +Here laying down measuring lines is a metonym for measuring land and giving it to someone, and here this is a metaphor for God blessing David in many great ways. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You have measured off land for me in pleasant places" or "You have given me land in pleasant places" or "You bless me like one who gives land in pleasant places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Measuring lines + +These are ropes that people use to measure a plot of land and mark its boundaries. + +# surely a pleasing inheritance is mine + +Here David speaks of Yahweh's blessings as if they were an inheritance that he has received. AT: "I am delighted with all the things that he has given me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/016/007.md b/psa/016/007.md index 4eeebc78f5..75b0bd35c6 100644 --- a/psa/016/007.md +++ b/psa/016/007.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no Translation Notes for this section. \ No newline at end of file +# I set Yahweh before me at all times + +"I always remember that Yahweh is with me" + +# so I will not be shaken from his right hand + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nothing will take me away from his side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/016/009.md b/psa/016/009.md index 2af93c2f53..67247eea3d 100644 --- a/psa/016/009.md +++ b/psa/016/009.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + David continues to speak to God. -## Therefore my heart is glad … my honored heart exalts him ## +# Therefore my heart is glad; my glory is rejoicing -The speaker is saying that it brings him honor to be able to praise God. Both of these clauses express very similar meanings. AT: "Therefore I am glad; I am honored to praise him," (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The speaker is saying that it brings him honor to be able to praise God. Both of these clauses express very similar meanings. AT: "Therefore I am glad; I am honored to praise him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## my heart … my honored heart ## +# my heart -Here the "heart" represents the speaker's thoughts and emotions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the "heart" represents the speaker's thoughts and emotions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my glory + +Many versions, including the UDB, interpret "my glory" to mean the heart of the writer, who is honored to rejoice because of God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/016/011.md b/psa/016/011.md index 9394ba391b..1732cc2547 100644 --- a/psa/016/011.md +++ b/psa/016/011.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## abundant ## +# abundant "great" or "a large amount of" -## joy resides in your presence ## +# joy resides in your presence The writer speaks of "joy" as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## in your right hand ## +# in your right hand The words "right hand" indicate being in God's special presence. AT: "when I am near you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/016/intro.md b/psa/016/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..60a571b6e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/016/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 016 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 16 is a psalm of praise, thanking God for all his mercies. The New Testament considers this psalm to be a messianic psalm: a psalm about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Messiah ##### +God has been so good to the psalmist, who will worship no other god. The New Testament considers the tenth verse to be about Christ's resurrection when it says that he is God's anointed one, and that God will not leave his body in the grave to decay. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +The term "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this term, but in the end no one is certain what it means. So it is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you are welcome to translate it as "psalm." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 16:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../015/intro.md) | [>>](../017/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/001.md b/psa/017/001.md index 5e69a33396..1997370bf1 100644 --- a/psa/017/001.md +++ b/psa/017/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A prayer of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# A prayer of David "This is a prayer that David wrote." -## Give ear to my prayer from lips without deceit ## +# Give ear to my prayer from lips without deceit -"Listen to my prayer which does not come from lying lips" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The phrase "give ear" is a metaphor for listening, and "lips without deceit" is synecdoche for a person who does not lie. AT: "Listen to my prayer for I speak without deceit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Let my vindication come from your presence ## +# Let my vindication come from your presence -AT "In your presence I will be declared innocent" +Vindication coming from God represents God judging someone and declaring him innocent. God's "presence" is a metonym for God himself. AT: "Let my vindication come from you" or "Declare that I am innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## let your eyes see what is right! ## +# let your eyes see what is right! -"you know what is true and right!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "your eyes" is synecdoche for God himself, and "see" is a metaphor for paying attention and firmly deciding to do something. AT: "please see what is right" or "do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/003.md b/psa/017/003.md index 066a0a6265..a62613381b 100644 --- a/psa/017/003.md +++ b/psa/017/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## If you test my heart, if you come to me in the night ## +# If you test my heart, if you come to me in the night -AT: "Though you examine my heart, when you know my thoughts in the night" +Here "test my heart" means to examine my thoughts and motives. AT: "If you examine my thoughts in the night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## my mouth will not transgress ## +# my mouth will not transgress -AT: "I will not tell lies or sin with my words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the mouth is spoken of as if it were capable of acting on its own. It also represents the words that a person speaks. AT: "I will not tell lies or sin with my words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/004.md b/psa/017/004.md index dd3c7043d7..892ac0615f 100644 --- a/psa/017/004.md +++ b/psa/017/004.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## it is at the words of your lips that I have kept myself from the ways of the lawless ## +# it is at the word of your lips that I have kept myself from the ways of the lawless -AT: "your instruction has caused me to avoid doing wicked things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "the word of your lips" is a metonym for God's instruction, and "the ways of the lawless" is a metaphor for the things that lawless people do. AT: "it is by obeying your instruction that I have kept myself from doing the things that lawless people do" or "your instruction has caused me to avoid doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my feet have not slipped ## +# My steps have held firmly to your tracks; my feet have not slipped -"I am determined to follow your ways." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these clauses mean the same thing. The repetition adds emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# my feet have not slipped + +The writer speaks of his obedience to God as if he were walking on a path. AT: "I am determined to follow your ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/006.md b/psa/017/006.md index b81c419fcb..0f3922e38a 100644 --- a/psa/017/006.md +++ b/psa/017/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## turn your ear to me ## +# turn your ear to me ... listen when I speak -AT: "pay attention to me" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These phrases mean the same thing. Here "your ear" refers to God's willingness to hear someone who prays to him. AT: "pay attention to me ... listen when I speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your right hand ## +# Show your covenant faithfulness in a wonderful way -AT: "your mighty power" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "Show in a wonderful way that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your right hand + +The "right hand" refers to God's power. AT: "your mighty power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# take refuge in you + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/008.md b/psa/017/008.md index b3b372ef4e..e98c0759a2 100644 --- a/psa/017/008.md +++ b/psa/017/008.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Protect me like the apple of your eye ## +# Protect me like the apple of your eye -"Protect me as you would something most valuable and precious;" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The "apple of your eye" refers to something that is valuable. AT: "Protect me as you would something most valuable and precious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## hide me under the shadow of your wings ## +# hide me under the shadow of your wings -"Keep me safe as a mother bird protects her babies by gathering them under her wing" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +David speaks of God's protection as if he were a bird protecting its young under its wings. AT: "Keep me safe as a mother bird protects her babies by gathering them under her wing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## their mouths speak with pride ## +# their mouths speak with pride -AT: "they are always boasting." "Their mouths" represents the people who speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "their mouths speak" represents his enemies when they speak. AT: "they speak with pride" or "they are always boasting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/011.md b/psa/017/011.md index 9f32051257..9333ffaa4a 100644 --- a/psa/017/011.md +++ b/psa/017/011.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## like a lion eager for a victim ... a young lion crouching in hidden places ## +# They have surrounded my steps -These two phrases express very similar ideas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here "surrounded my steps" represents how David's enemies have followed him everywhere he goes in order to capture him. AT: "My enemies have surrounded me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They are like a lion ## +# like a lion eager for a victim, like a young lion crouching in hidden places + +These two phrases express very similar ideas. The repetition adds intensity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# They are like a lion ... like a young lion The writer feels pursued the way a lion hunts its prey (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/013.md b/psa/017/013.md index dde99fad42..e8da7c5a6e 100644 --- a/psa/017/013.md +++ b/psa/017/013.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## by your sword! ## +# Rescue my life from the wicked by your sword ... Rescue me from men by your hand, Yahweh, from men of this world -"by your great power!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These two clauses have similar meanings. The repetition adds intensity to the writer's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## You will fill the bellies of your treasured ones with riches ## +# by your sword ... by your hand -AT: "You will bless your people richly;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "sword" and "hand" both represent the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You will fill the bellies of your treasured ones with riches + +The ancient text is hard to understand. Possible meanings are 1) "treasured" is a metaphor for loved, and "your treasured ones" refers to the people whom God loves. AT: "you will fill the bellies of the people you love with riches" or 2) "your treasured ones" refers to treasures that God gives to people, the "men of this world." AT: "you will fill their bellies with rich treasures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You will fill the bellies ... with riches + +Here "fill the bellies ... with riches" is a metaphor for giving them many valuable things. Possible meanings are 1) "You will give many riches to the people you love" or 2) "you will give the men of this world many riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/015.md b/psa/017/015.md index 21fde1f2d4..78860958e6 100644 --- a/psa/017/015.md +++ b/psa/017/015.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## I will see your face ## +# I will see your face in righteousness -David is confident he will see Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "face" represents Yahweh in all of his being. David is confident he will see Yahweh. AT: "because I act in the right way, I will be with you one day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## I will be satisfied, when I awake ## +# I will be satisfied, when I awake, with a sight of you -AT: "I will be happy to wake up in your presence," Possible meanings: 1) "when I wake up each day" or 2) "when I wake up after death" - -## with a sight of you. ## - -AT: "when I see you are still with me." \ No newline at end of file +David believes that after he dies, he will be with Yahweh. This can be made clear in the translation. AT: "After I die, I will be happy to wake up in your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/017/intro.md b/psa/017/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8e7e3d39e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/017/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 017 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 17 is a prayer for deliverance from all his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Innocence ##### +The psalmist is innocent and needs God to rescue him from these enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 17:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../016/intro.md) | [>>](../018/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/001.md b/psa/018/001.md index 07f1f9522d..931b2560ad 100644 --- a/psa/018/001.md +++ b/psa/018/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A psalm of David, ## +# A psalm of David -"This is a psalm that David wrote," +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## he sang to Yahweh the words of this song ## +# he sang to Yahweh the words of this song -AT: "he sang this song to Yahweh" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"he sang this song to Yahweh" -## on the day that Yahweh rescued him ## +# on the day that Yahweh rescued him "after Yahweh had rescued him" -## him from the hand ## +# from the hand of Saul -"from Saul's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" stands for the power of Saul. AT: "from Saul's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/002.md b/psa/018/002.md index 1e2400f3bf..cf5d72c9f4 100644 --- a/psa/018/002.md +++ b/psa/018/002.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Yahweh is my rock ## +# Yahweh is my rock -The word "rock" is a picture of a safe place. God is not an actual rock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock. The word "rock" is a picture of a safe place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my rock, my fortress ## +# my rock, my fortress -These two phrases contain similar ideas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here the words "rock" and "fortress" share similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh provides safety from enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my shield, the horn of my salvation, and my stronghold ## +# take refuge in him -A similar idea is repeated three ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to him for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my shield, the horn of my salvation, and my stronghold + +David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a "shield," "the horn" of his salvation, and his "stronghold." Yahweh is the one who protects him from harm. Here a similar idea is repeated three ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will be saved from my enemies + +"I will be rescued from my enemies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/004.md b/psa/018/004.md index cbd1133cfa..87653a17ed 100644 --- a/psa/018/004.md +++ b/psa/018/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## cords of death surround me ## +# The cords of death surrounded me -AT: "I was about to be killed.' (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +David speaks of death as if it were a person who could capture him and bind him with ropes. AT: "I was about to be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## rushing waters of worthlessness ## +# rushing waters of worthlessness -AT: I felt completely helpless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +David is as helpless as if he were being carried away by a rushing flood of waters. AT: "I felt completely helpless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The cords of sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me ## +# The cords of Sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me -These two clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) AT: "I thought I was going to die" \ No newline at end of file +Here "Sheol," the place of the dead, and "death" are spoken of as if they were people who could surround and trap him. These two clauses have similar meanings and the idea is repeated for emphasis. AT: "I felt trapped and thought I was going to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/006.md b/psa/018/006.md index 7e0a94b70c..7656b55136 100644 --- a/psa/018/006.md +++ b/psa/018/006.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## In my distress ## +# In my distress -"In my concern" +"In my great need" or "In my despair" -## my call for help went into his presence ## +# my call for help went into his presence -AT:"I prayed to him;" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here David speaks of his "call for help" as if it were a person who could come into the presence of Yahweh. AT: "I prayed to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## it went into his ears ## +# it went into his ears -AT: "he heard my appeal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here David speaks of how Yahweh heard his cry for help. The idea is repeated for emphasis. AT: "he heard my appeal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/007.md b/psa/018/007.md index e6f4879576..ef01886d66 100644 --- a/psa/018/007.md +++ b/psa/018/007.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## the earth shook and trembled; the foundations of the mountains also trembled and were shaken ## +# Then the earth ... shaken because God was angry -AT: "God was so angry it was like earth quakes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +God's being angry is spoken of as if the there was a terrible earthquake. AT: "God was so angry that it was as if the earth ... shaken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the earth shook and trembled ## +# the earth shook and trembled -"the land moved back and forth" or "the ground moved up and down" +The words "shook" and "trembled" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how greatly the earth shook. AT: "the land moved back and forth" or "the ground moved up and down" or "there was a violent earthquake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the foundations of the mountains also trembled ## +# the foundations of the mountains also trembled and were shaken -AT: "the foundations of the mountains also trembled and shook" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the foundations of the mountains also trembled and shook" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Smoke went up from out of his nostrils ... Coals were ignited by it ## +# Smoke went up from out of his nostrils ... Coals were ignited by it -This is a picture of how angry God was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +David speaks of Yahweh as if he were breathing fire. This is a picture of how angry God was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## blazing fire came of his mouth. Coals were ignited by it ## +# blazing fire came out of his mouth. Coals were ignited by it -"blazing fire came of his mouth and ignited coals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "blazing fire came out of his mouth and ignited coals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/009.md b/psa/018/009.md index 5bd903ff35..d64c532b62 100644 --- a/psa/018/009.md +++ b/psa/018/009.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## He opened ## +# He opened The word "He" refers to Yahweh. -## thick darkness was under his feet ## +# thick darkness was under his feet -Though Yahweh does not actually have feet, human characteristics are given to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Though Yahweh does not actually have feet, the Psalmist gives him human characteristics. AT: "thick darkness was beneath him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## wings of the wind ## +# wings of the wind -The wind does not actually have wings, but it treats the wind like an angel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the Psalmist speaks of the wind as if it had wings like an angel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/011.md b/psa/018/011.md index 5b800255aa..c5211cf007 100644 --- a/psa/018/011.md +++ b/psa/018/011.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## He made darkness ... him ## +# He made darkness ... him -The words “He” and "him" continue to refer to Yahweh. +Here the words "He" and "him" refer to Yahweh. -## He made darkness a tent ## +# He made darkness a tent -AT: "He made darkness a covering" or AT: "He made darkness a hiding place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here darkness is spoken of as if it were a tent. AT: "He made darkness a covering" or "He made darkness a hiding place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## heavy rain clouds ## +# heavy rainclouds -AT: "clouds heavy with rain" or AT: "thick, dark rain clouds" +"clouds heavy with rain" or "thick, dark rainclouds" -## From the lightning before him, hailstones and coals of fire fell ## +# Hailstones -AT: "From the brightness before him came hail and coals of fire through his thick clouds." - -## hail ## - -AT: "stones of ice" \ No newline at end of file +"stones made of ice" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/013.md b/psa/018/013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f56e2f2a4d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/018/013.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Yahweh thundered in the heavens + +Yahweh's voice sounded like thunder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the Most High + +"the Most High" refers to Yahweh. + +# He shot his arrows and scattered his enemies ... lightning bolts dispersed them + +Both of these clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He shot his arrows and scattered his enemies + +Here lighting strikes are being spoken of as if they were arrows (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dispersed them + +"sent them in different directions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/015.md b/psa/018/015.md index ab53f74341..1eb94e47bb 100644 --- a/psa/018/015.md +++ b/psa/018/015.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -The Psalmist continues to speak of Yaweh's great power. +# General Information: -## Then the water channels appeared; the foundations of the world were exposed ## +The writer continues to speak of Yaweh's great power. -"the bottom of the ocean was seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# Then the water channels appeared; the foundations of the world were exposed -## the foundations of the world were exposed at your battle cry, Yahweh ## +These two clauses have similar meanings. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then the water channels appeared and the bottom of the ocean became visible; you exposed the foundations of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -You, Yahweh, exposed the foundations of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# at the blast of the breath of your nostrils -## blast of the breath of your nostrils ## - -AT: "air forced out with strength through the nose." Though God does not have human physical characteristics, this pictures his mighty strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Though God does not have human physical characteristics as described here, this pictures his mighty strength. The wind is spoken of here as if it came as a mighty blast from God's nostrils. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/016.md b/psa/018/016.md index 4fec2df8ee..29f0e1a45d 100644 --- a/psa/018/016.md +++ b/psa/018/016.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## He reached down from above ## +# He reached down ... he took hold ... He pulled me -The word "He" in these verses continues to refer to Yahweh. +The word "He" in these verses refers to Yahweh. -## surging water ## +# surging water -"huge waves" or "forceful waters" \ No newline at end of file +Here the Psalmist speaks of the dangers of his enemies as if they were huge waves or forceful waters, from which Yahweh has rescued him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/018.md b/psa/018/018.md index beba342223..22aea575ab 100644 --- a/psa/018/018.md +++ b/psa/018/018.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## They came against me on the day of my distress ## +# They came against me -AT: "Strong enemies attacked me on a day when I already had many troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "They" refers to the strong enemies in verse 17. + +# They came against me on the day of my distress but Yahweh was my support + +The abstract noun "distress" can be stated as an adjective. The abstract noun "support" can be stated as "protected." AT: "Strong enemies attacked me on a day when I was distressed, but Yahweh protected me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/020.md b/psa/018/020.md index 1e64886d41..679525f190 100644 --- a/psa/018/020.md +++ b/psa/018/020.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## my hands were clean ## +# my hands were clean -AT: "all my actions were right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here having clean hands represents being innocent of wrongdoing. AT: "I was innocent" or "my actions were right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I have kept the ways of Yahweh ## +# I have kept the ways of Yahweh -"I have paid attention to the ways of Yahweh" AT: "I have obeyed Yahweh's laws" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The laws of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were the paths on which one should walk. AT: "I have obeyed Yahweh's laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## have not wickedly turned away from my God ## +# have not wickedly turned away from my God -"have not become wicked by turning away from my God" \ No newline at end of file +Here being wicked is spoken of as if one left the right path and took the wrong path. AT: "have not done wickedly by turning away from my God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/022.md b/psa/018/022.md index 4fb4778908..73e2aa8431 100644 --- a/psa/018/022.md +++ b/psa/018/022.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## have been before me ## +# For all his righteous decrees ... I have not turned away from them -AT: "have been my guide" or "I have remembered" +Both of these clauses have similar meanings. The writer repeats these ideas for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## innocent before him ## +# have been before me + +"have guided me" or "I have remembered" + +# I have also been innocent ... I have kept myself from sin + +Both of these clauses have similar meanings. The writer repeats these ideas for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# innocent before him "innocent according to him" -## I have kept myself from sin ## +# I have kept myself from sin -AT: "I have not sinned" +"I have not sinned" -## my hands were clean ## +# my hands were clean -See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:20](./020.md). +To have "clean hands" means that one is innocent of wrongdoing. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:20](./020.md): AT: "I was innocent" or "my actions were right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## before his eyes ## +# before his eyes -AT: "before him" or "according to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to God's presence. AT: "before him" or "according to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/025.md b/psa/018/025.md index d869ba3db4..a4845a4d25 100644 --- a/psa/018/025.md +++ b/psa/018/025.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## you ## +# General Information: -In this chunk the word "you" refers to Yahweh. +The writer speaks to Yahweh. -## you are clever toward anyone who is twisted ## +# To anyone who is faithful + +Here "faithful" means to do what God commands one to do. You can state this clearly. AT: "to those who faithfully obey your commandments" or "to those who faithfully do your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to a man who is blameless ... you show yourself pure + +Both of these clauses have similar meanings. The writer repeats these ideas for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# you are clever toward anyone who is twisted "you outwit anyone who is not honest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/027.md b/psa/018/027.md index e9796413ae..13460da3b2 100644 --- a/psa/018/027.md +++ b/psa/018/027.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## you bring down ## +# you bring down -"you humiliate" AT: "you destroy" +"you humiliate" -## proud, uplifted eyes ## +# with proud, uplifted eyes -AT: "who are proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This idiom refers to those who are proud. AT: "who are proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## For you give light to my lamp; Yahweh my God lights up my darkness. ## +# For you give light to my lamp; Yahweh my God lights up my darkness -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The writer speaks of Yahweh's presence as if he were a light. These clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## For by you I can run over a barricade ## +# For by you I can run over a barricade -AT: "For by you I can run through a military troop" \ No newline at end of file +"For with your help I can cross any obstacle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/030.md b/psa/018/030.md index 3251aa7ce5..70a372e4b5 100644 --- a/psa/018/030.md +++ b/psa/018/030.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## He is a shield ## +# He is a shield to everyone who takes refuge in him -See how you handled this metaphor in [Psalms 3:3](../003/003.md). +A shield protects a soldier. David speaks as if God were a shield protecting him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:3](../003/003.md). AT: "You, Yahweh, protect like a shield everyone who takes refuge in you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For who is God except Yahweh? Who is a rock except our God? ## +# For who is God except Yahweh? Who is a rock except our God? -The implicit answer is no one. AT: "Only Yahweh is God! Only our God is a rock!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The implied answer is no one. AT: "Only Yahweh is God! Only our God is a rock!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## a rock ## +# a rock -See how you handled this metaphor in [Psalms 18:2](./002.md). +David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock that he could climb to get away from his enemies. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:2](./002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who places the blameless person on his path ## - -AT: "who places the blameless person in his way" - -## puts strength on me like a belt ## +# puts strength on me like a belt God gives strength to David as if it were a piece of clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## places the blameless person on his path ## +# places the blameless person on his path -AT: "places the blamelss on a blameless path" or "causes the blameless person to live a righteous life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## on his path ## - -Possible meanings are 1) the blameless person is placed on God's path 2) he is placed on his own path. \ No newline at end of file +Here David speaks of living a life that is pleasing to God as if he were being placed on the right path. AT: "causes the blameless person to live a righteous life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/033.md b/psa/018/033.md index 14aeddded2..0115b558f2 100644 --- a/psa/018/033.md +++ b/psa/018/033.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## makes my feet swift ## +# makes my feet swift -"makes my feet very fast" AT: "makes me run very fast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This refers to enabling a person to run fast. AT: "makes me run very fast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## like a deer and places me on the mountains ## +# like a deer and places me on the heights The deer is especially quick and stable in the mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## He trains my hands ## +# He trains my hands -AT: "He trains me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "my hands" refers to the person. AT: "He trains me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## my arms ## +# my arms -AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -## to bend a bow of bronze ## - -AT: "to prepare a bow of bronze for shooting" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the person. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/035.md b/psa/018/035.md index 18022ba448..735eb33be6 100644 --- a/psa/018/035.md +++ b/psa/018/035.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## the shield ## +# the shield of your salvation -AT: "the protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the writer speaks of God's protection as if it were a shield. The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated with the verb "save." AT: "your protection and saved me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## your salvation ## +# Your right hand has supported me -AT: "that comes with the fact that you saved me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here God's right hand represents his power. AT: "Your power has supported me" or "You have supported me by your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Your right hand ... your favor ## +# your favor has made me great -Both these terms stand for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here God's favor represents him acting according to his favor. AT: "You have made me great according to your favor" or "By your kindness, you have made me great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a wide place for my feet beneath me ## +# a wide place for my feet beneath me -This refers to being safe from danger. AT: "a safe place for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of the safety that God has provided as if it were a wide place for him to stand. Here "my feet" represent the person. AT: "a safe place for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## my feet have not slipped ## +# my feet have not slipped -AT: "I have not slipped" or "I am doing well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "my feet" refers to the person. The writer refers to the safety of God's protection as if he were standing on a place where he will not slip or fall. AT: "I have not slipped" or "I am doing well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/037.md b/psa/018/037.md index 10f49f1b51..8aa0a2fd63 100644 --- a/psa/018/037.md +++ b/psa/018/037.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## I smashed them ## +# I smashed them "I crushed them" or "I broke them to pieces" -## unable to rise ## +# unable to rise "unable to stand" -## they have fallen under my feet ## +# they have fallen under my feet -AT: "they are defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom means the Psalmist has defeated his enemies. AT: "I have defeated all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## put strength on me like a belt ## +# put strength on me like a belt -See how you translated this simile in [Psalms 18:30](./030.md). +The Psalmist says that Yahweh has given him strength that surrounds and supports him like a belt. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:32](./030.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## you put under me ## +# you put under me -AT: "you defeat for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the Psalmist speaks of the defeat of his enemies as if he were standing on them. AT: "you defeat for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## those who rise up against me ## +# those who rise up against me -AT: "those who are my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to those who oppose the Psalmist. AT: "those who are my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/040.md b/psa/018/040.md index 17ad4301d9..afd59bd250 100644 --- a/psa/018/040.md +++ b/psa/018/040.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## the back of my enemies' necks ## +# You gave me the back of my enemies' necks -AT: "the victory over my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. AT: "You gave me victory over my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I annihilated those who hated me ## +# You gave me the back of my enemies' necks + +This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. Possible images are 1) David could cut his enemies' heads off at the neck or 2) David could put his foot down on his enemies' necks or 3) David could see his enemies' backs when they ran away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I annihilated those who hated me "I defeated those who hated me" or "I destroyed completely those who hated me" -## but he did not answer them ## +# but he did not answer them -AT: "but he did not help them" ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This means Yahweh did not provide any help. AT: "but he did not help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I beat them into fine pieces like dust before the wind ## +# I beat them into fine pieces like dust before the wind -David's enemies are compared to dust to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The psalmists enemies are compared to dust to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## I threw them out like mud in the streets ## +# I threw them out like mud in the streets -David's enemies are compared to mud in the streets to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist's enemies are compared to mud in the streets to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/043.md b/psa/018/043.md index 87e57e3653..ab23da82ca 100644 --- a/psa/018/043.md +++ b/psa/018/043.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## disputes ## +# disputes "disagreements" or "arguments" -## were forced to bow ## +# have made me the head over nations -AT: "someone forced them to bow" other versions may read: "pretended to submit to me" or "came to me cringing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "head" represents the ruler. AT: "appointed me to be the ruler over many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## foreigners came ​trembling ## +# foreigners were forced to bow -"foreigners came shaking" AT: "foreigners came while being very afraid" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God forced foreigners to bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# foreigners came trembling + +Here "trembling" shows that they were very afraid. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "foreigners came shaking, showing that they were very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/046.md b/psa/018/046.md index 5c3f0a5ec5..65c465fd58 100644 --- a/psa/018/046.md +++ b/psa/018/046.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## may my rock be praised ## +# may my rock be praised -AT: "he is my rock and he should be praised" or "may people praise my rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he is my rock and he should be praised" or "may people praise my rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## my rock ## +# my rock -See how you translated this metaphor in [Psalms 18:2](./002.md). +Here the writer speaks of Yahweh's protection as if he were a rock that prevented his enemies from reaching him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:2](./002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## May the God of my salvation be exalted ## +# May the God of my salvation be exalted -"May people exalt the God of my salvation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people exalt the God of my salvation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the God of my salvation ## +# the God of my salvation -AT: "the God who saved me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The abstract nouns "salvation" can be stated as "saved" or "rescued." AT: "the God who rescued me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the God who executes vengeance for me ## +# the God who executes vengeance for me -"the God who avenges for me" or "the God who is my avenger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +To "execute vengeance" means to punish people for their evil actions. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "vengeance." AT: "the God who punishes people for the evil things they have done to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/048.md b/psa/018/048.md index 112fad99fe..1dd9c60ddc 100644 --- a/psa/018/048.md +++ b/psa/018/048.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## I am set free ## +# I am set free -AT: "God has set me free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has set me free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you lifted me above ## +# you lifted me above -AT: "you made me more powerful than" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh's protection of the writer is spoken of as if he lifted the writer up so high that his enemies could not reach him to harm him. AT: "you put me in a safe place high above" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who rose against me ## +# who rose against me -AT: "who attacked me" or "who rebelled against me" +"who attacked me" or "who rebelled against me" -## violent men ## +# violent men "cruel men" or "savage men" -## among the nations ## +# among the nations -AT: "where the nations will hear it" +Here the writer means that he will give thanks to Yahweh so that all people will hear of Yahweh's greatness. AT: "so all the nations will hear about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to your name ## +# to your name -AT: "in honor of your name" or "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" represents God himself. AT: "in honor of your name" or "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/050.md b/psa/018/050.md index fa331a37e5..5a4353ff05 100644 --- a/psa/018/050.md +++ b/psa/018/050.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## victory to his king ## +# victory to his king -David is referring to himself as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +By using the words "his king," David is referring to himself as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## covenant loyalty ## +# he shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one ... to his descendants forever -"covenant faithfulness" \ No newline at end of file +"he faithfully loves me as he promised in his covenant, and he will love my descendants forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/018/intro.md b/psa/018/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..57eeade806 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/018/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 018 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 18 is a psalm of praise to God for his strengthening David for war. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's power ##### +God has tremendous power and he enabled David to prosper in war. This psalm, and its superscription, also appears in 1 Samuel 22 with some minor differences. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 18:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../017/intro.md) | [>>](../019/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/019/001.md b/psa/019/001.md index 8a11d6c85f..41dfe1b14a 100644 --- a/psa/019/001.md +++ b/psa/019/001.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## The heavens declare ## +# The heavens declare The heavens are described as if they were a person. AT: "The heavens show" or "The heavens look like they declare" -## the skies make his handiwork known ## +# the skies make his handiwork known The skies are described as if they were a teacher. AT: "The skies seem to make God's handiwork known to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## his handiwork ## +# his handiwork -AT: "his creation" or "the world that he has made" +"his creation" or "the world that he has made" -## speech pours out ## +# speech pours out -What is beautiful about creation is compared to speaking, as if creation is a person. Then those words are compared to water that flows everywhere. AT: "creation is like a person speaking to everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +What is beautiful about creation is compared to speaking, as if creation were a person. Then those words are compared to water that flows everywhere. AT: "creation is like a person speaking to everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## There is no speech or spoken words; their voice is not heard ## +# There is no speech or spoken words; their voice is not heard -These phrases make explicit that the first two verses were a metaphor. AT: "There is no real speech or spoken words; no one hears an actual voice with their ears" +These phrases express clearly that the first two verses were a metaphor. AT: "There is no real speech or spoken words; no one hears an actual voice with their ears" -## their voice is not heard ## +# their voice is not heard -Other translations read "where their voice is not heard", emphasizing that creation's "speech" is available everywhere. \ No newline at end of file +Other translations read "where their voice is not heard," emphasizing that creation's "speech" is available everywhere. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/019/004.md b/psa/019/004.md index c22f4a565a..87a36ad5e8 100644 --- a/psa/019/004.md +++ b/psa/019/004.md @@ -1,45 +1,47 @@ +# General Information: + David has just said that creation shows God's glory. -## their words ... their speech ## +# their words ... their speech This refers to the unspoken "words" of creation that show God's glory. -## their words go out ## +# their words go out -The metaphorical words are described as if they were people who go out with a message. AT: "the words that creation speaks are like people who go out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The words are described as if they were people who go out with a message. AT: "the words that creation speaks are like people who go out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## their speech to the end of the world ## +# their speech to the end of the world -AT: "their speech goes out to the end of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The implied words can be included in the translation. AT: "their speech goes out to the end of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## He has pitched a tent for the sun ## +# He has pitched a tent for the sun -AT: "God has set up a tent for the sun." Pitching a tent is creating a place where the sun can live and rest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the writer speaks of the place that Yahweh created for the sun as if it were a tent. AT: "He created a place for the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## among them ## +# among them -"in them." The word "them" probably refers to the heavens. AT: "in the heavens" +The word "them" probably refers to the heavens. -## The sun is like a bridegroom coming out of his chamber ## +# The sun is like a bridegroom coming out of his chamber -This describes a part of the wedding ceremony in ancient Israel. AT: "walking joyfully toward his bride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer speaks of the sun's coming out as if it were a bridegroom. AT: "The sun is like a bridegroom walking joyfully toward his bride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like a strong man who rejoices when he runs his race ## +# like a strong man who rejoices when he runs his race -This compares the sun to an athlete to emphasize the strength of the sun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This compares the sun to an athlete to emphasize the strength and brightness of the sun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## a strong man ## +# a strong man -AT: "a fast runner" +"a fast runner" -## horizon ## +# horizon the line where the earth and the sky meet -## to the other ## +# to the other -AT: "to the other horizon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +Here "other" refers to the other horizon. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "to the other horizon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## nothing escapes its heat ## +# nothing escapes its heat -AT: "everything feels its heat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "everything feels its heat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/019/007.md b/psa/019/007.md index 952224d844..20c91ece27 100644 --- a/psa/019/007.md +++ b/psa/019/007.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## the soul ... the heart ... the eyes ## +# the soul ... the heart ... the eyes All three of these words refer to the whole person. AT: "a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## are right ## +# the simple + +"those who have no experience" or "those who have not learned" + +# are right "are true" or "are correct" -## making the simple ## +# bringing light -AT: "to those who have no experience" or "those who have not been taught" - -## bringing light to the eyes. ## - -"helping a person understand what they previously could not understand" or "causing the eyes to shine" AT: "giving understanding to the eyes" \ No newline at end of file +"bringing understanding" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/019/009.md b/psa/019/009.md index 00bf18749a..eefa72a75f 100644 --- a/psa/019/009.md +++ b/psa/019/009.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## righteous decrees ## - -See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:22](../018/022.md). - -## altogether right ## +# altogether right "completely right" -## They are of greater value than gold ... they are sweeter than honey ## +# They are of greater value than gold ... they are sweeter than honey -Yahweh's decrees are spoken of as if they can be bought and tasted. AT: "If you could buy them, they would be of greater value than gold ... if you could taste them, they would be sweeter than honey" ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh's decrees are spoken of as if they could be bought and tasted. AT: "If you could buy them, they would be of greater value than gold ... if you could taste them, they would be sweeter than honey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## even more than much fine gold ## +# even more than much fine gold -AT: "even more valuable than a lot of fine gold" +The implied word "valuable" can be added in the translation. AT: "even more valuable than a lot of fine gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## fine gold ## +# fine gold "pure gold" or "expensive gold" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/019/011.md b/psa/019/011.md index 24d0a7a5dc..72d7f745d7 100644 --- a/psa/019/011.md +++ b/psa/019/011.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Yes ## +# Yes "Also" or "Indeed" -## by them your servant is warned ## +# by them your servant is warned -AT: "they warn your servant" or "they are a warning for your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they warn your servant" or "they are a warning for your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## by them ... in obeying them ## +# by them ... in obeying them The word "them" refers to Yahweh's righteous decrees. -## your servant ## +# your servant is warned -David calls himself "your servant" when speaking to God as a sign of respect. AT: "I" (UDB) or "I, who obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +David calls himself "your servant" when speaking to God as a sign of respect. AT: "I am warned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## from hidden faults ## +# Who can discern all his own errors? -AT: "from secret mistakes I have made" \ No newline at end of file +This appears in the form of a question to add emphasis and can be translated as a strong statement. AT: No one can be aware of his own errors!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# from hidden faults + +"from secret mistakes I have made" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/019/013.md b/psa/019/013.md index 8247859bc6..ded348a409 100644 --- a/psa/019/013.md +++ b/psa/019/013.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## Keep your servant also from ## +# Keep your servant also from -AT: "Also, protect your servant from doing" or "Also, make sure that I do not commit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom pictures the servant as being removed from the sins he does not wish to commit. AT: "Also, protect your servant from doing" or "Also, make sure that I do not commit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## your servant ## +# your servant -See how you translated this in [Psalms 19:11](./011.md). +David calls himself "your servant" when speaking to God as a sign of respect. See how you translated this in [Psalms 19:11](./011.md). AT: "I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## let them not rule over me ## +# let them not rule over me -Sins are described as if they are a king that decides what a person does. AT: "let my sins not become like a king who rules over me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Sins are described as if they were a king that could rule over someone. AT: "do not let my sins become like a king who rules over me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## innocent from many transgressions ## +# innocent from many transgressions -"innocent of great transgression" +"innocent of rebelling against you" or "innocent of committing many sins" -## the words of my mouth and the thoughts of my heart ## +# the words of my mouth and the thoughts of my heart -Both these expressions work together to describe everything a person says and thinks. AT: "the things I say and the things I think about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) +These expressions taken together describe everything a person says and thinks. AT: "the things I say and the things I think about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## be acceptable in your sight ## +# be acceptable in your sight -"receive approval in your sight" +"receive approval in your sight" or "be pleasing to you" -## in your sight ## +# in your sight -AT: "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Yahweh, my rock ## +# Yahweh, my rock -God is compared to a rock to show he is our protector. AT: "Yahweh, you are like my rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock that one could climb and be protected from his enemies. AT: "Yahweh, you are like my rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/019/intro.md b/psa/019/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3ee83c8fe0 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/019/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 019 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 19 is a praise psalm, praising God for his creation and for his law. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's law ##### +God's law keeps people from sinning. There are two distinct themes in this psalm. Verses 1-6 are God's glory in the heavens and the second is praising God for his law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 19:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../018/intro.md) | [>>](../020/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/020/001.md b/psa/020/001.md index 1669877fc8..bfdf6305f8 100644 --- a/psa/020/001.md +++ b/psa/020/001.md @@ -1,18 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + This Psalm begins with a group of people speaking to the king of Israel. -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## For the chief musician ## +# General Information: -"This is for the director of music to use in worship." +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## A psalm of David ## +# For the chief musician -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -## help you ## +# A psalm of David -The word "you" in this Psalm is singular. +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## the name of the God ## +# help you -AT: "the God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "you" in this Psalm is singular and refers to the king. + +# in the day of trouble + +"in times of trouble" or "when you are in trouble" + +# may the name of the God of Jacob protect you + +Possible meanings are 1) here "name" is a metonym for God's power. AT: "may the power of the God of Jacob protect you" or "may the God of Jacob protect you by his power" or 2) here "name" is a metonym for God himself. AT: "may the God of Jacob protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# send help from the holy place + +God helping from his holy place is spoken of as if God were sending help. AT: "may Yahweh help you from his holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# holy place ... Zion + +Both of these refer to God's temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/020/003.md b/psa/020/003.md index 77cfefef10..c201030240 100644 --- a/psa/020/003.md +++ b/psa/020/003.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## May he call to mind ## +# May he call to mind -AT: "May he remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The phrase "call to mind" is a way of saying "remember." It does not mean God forgot. It means to consider or think about. AT: "May he remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## May he ## +# May he -The word “he” refers to Yahweh. +The word "he" refers to Yahweh. -## Selah ## +# Selah -See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:1](../003/001.md). +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -## May he grant ## +# May he grant "May he give" -## your heart's desire ## +# your heart's desire -AT: "what your heart wants" or "your desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" stands for the entire person. The abstract noun "desire" can be stated as a verb. AT: "what you desire" or "what you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# fulfill all your plans + +The abstract noun "plans" can be stated as a verb. AT: "may he help you to accomplish everything that you plan to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/020/005.md b/psa/020/005.md index 941e54d578..63ea5ee28c 100644 --- a/psa/020/005.md +++ b/psa/020/005.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## we will rejoice in your victory ## +# we will rejoice in your victory -In the king's victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here "we" refers to the people. They will rejoice in the king's victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## in the name of our God ## +# in the name of our God -AT: "in honor of our God" or "for the reputation of our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "name" represents honor or reputation. AT: "in honor of our God" or "for the reputation of our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## we will raise banners ## +# we will raise banners -"we will raise flags" or "we will lift up banners" +"we will raise victory flags." They would do this to show that they were praising God because he gave their king victory over his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Now ## +# grant all your petitions -This word is used here to mark a break in the psalm. Here another person takes over. +"give you everything you request from him" -## I know ## +# Now + +This word is used here to mark a break in the psalm. It transitions from the people speaking to the king speaking. + +# I know The word "I" probably refers to the king who is speaking in this section. -## his anointed one ## +# his anointed one ... answer him ... rescue him -The king is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +The king is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in first person. AT: "me, his anointed one ... answer me ... rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## grant all your petitions ## +# from his holy heaven -"give you everything you request from him." +God dwells in heaven as well as in the temple in Jerusalem. (See: [Psalms 20:2](./001.md)) -## the saving strength of his right hand that can rescue him ## +# with the strength of his right hand that can rescue him -God's right hand represents his power to rescue the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +God's right hand represents his power. AT: "with his great strength he will rescue him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/020/007.md b/psa/020/007.md index 9f8f965e14..3a3cdfadce 100644 --- a/psa/020/007.md +++ b/psa/020/007.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## they will be brought down and fall ## +# Some trust in chariots and others in horses -AT: "God will bring them down and make them fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "chariots" and "horses" represent a king's army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## they will be brought down ## +# others in horses -The word "they" refers to the people who trust in chariots and horses. +The word "trust" is understood. AT: "other trust in horses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## brought down and fall ## +# we call ... we will rise -Both these verbs mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how sure their destruction will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here "we" refers to the writer and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## we will rise and stand upright ## +# They will be brought down and fall -"we will get up and stand up straight." These two words basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how strong they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "They" refers to the people who trust in chariots and horses. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will bring them down and make them fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# brought down and fall + +Both these verbs mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for losing in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# we will rise and stand upright + +"we will get up and stand up straight." These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for victory in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/020/009.md b/psa/020/009.md index a7ff8249ae..4ec481c2e8 100644 --- a/psa/020/009.md +++ b/psa/020/009.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Yahweh, rescue the king ## +# Yahweh, rescue the king -Possible interpretations are 1) the people ask God to protect the king 2) the king continues to speak about himself in the third person (UDB). +Possible interpretations are 1) the people ask God to protect the king or 2) the king continues to speak about himself in the third person. -## the king; help us when we call ## +# the king; help us when we call -Some translations understand the Hebrew differently. AT: "King, help us when we call you" \ No newline at end of file +Some translations understand the Hebrew differently. Some translate it as the people speaking to Yahweh their king. AT: "King, help us when we call you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/020/intro.md b/psa/020/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..604c01e0d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/020/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 020 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 20 is a royal psalm. It is probably a prayer for the king, perhaps when he first became king. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Trust ##### +Trusting God is much better than trusting in military might. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 20:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../019/intro.md) | [>>](../021/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/021/001.md b/psa/021/001.md index 7e30e49199..ca67a7c157 100644 --- a/psa/021/001.md +++ b/psa/021/001.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## How greatly he rejoices ## +# in your strength, Yahweh -AT: “He rejoices greatly” +It is implied that this is strength Yahweh has given the king to defeat his enemies. AT: because you, Yahweh, have made him strong enough to defeat his enemies" -## you provide ## +# How greatly he rejoices -“you give” +"He rejoices greatly" -## in your strength ## +# in the salvation you provide -"in your power" or "in your force" +It is implied that God has saved the king from his enemies. The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "because you have saved him from his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## his heart's desire ## +# his heart's desire -"his heart's wish" AT: "his desire" or "what he wished for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"his heart's wish." Here "heart" stands for the whole person. AT: "his desire" or "what he wished for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the request of his lips ## +# have not held back -AT: “his request” or “what he requested of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"have not refused him." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you have given him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## Selah ## +# the request of his lips -See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:1](../003/001.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "lips" stands for the whole person. AT: "his request" or "what he requested of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/021/003.md b/psa/021/003.md index 6418120a1b..5d3095af56 100644 --- a/psa/021/003.md +++ b/psa/021/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## long days ## +# you bring him rich blessings -AT: “many days to live” or “a long life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The abstract noun "blessings" can be stated as "bless" or "good things." AT: "you bless him greatly" or "you give him many good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## forever and ever ## +# you placed on his head a crown of purest gold -AT: "that will continue forever and ever" \ No newline at end of file +To place a crown on a person's head is a symbol of making him a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# a crown of purest gold + +Here "purest gold" represents the great honor given to the king. + +# He asked you for life; you gave it to him + +The abstract noun "life" can be stated as a verb. AT: "He asked that you cause him to live for a long time; you caused it to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# long days forever and ever + +Possible meanings are 1) a very long life or 2) eternal life or 3) a long line of descendants. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/021/005.md b/psa/021/005.md index b3f75994e1..18c76841ee 100644 --- a/psa/021/005.md +++ b/psa/021/005.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## you have bestowed on him ## +# His glory -"you have placed on him" or "you have put on him" +"The king's honor" or "The king's fame" -## you grant him ## +# you have bestowed on him splendor and majesty + +"you have placed on him splendor and majesty." Causing the king to be wealthy and powerful is spoken of as if splendor and majesty are objects that are placed on him. AT: "you have made him wealthy and powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you grant him "you allow him to have" or "you agree to give him" -## lasting blessing ## +# lasting blessings -“a blessing that will last” or “a blessing that will stay” +"a blessings that will last" or "a blessings that will stay" -## the joy of your presence ## +# the joy of your presence -AT: “the joy of being in your presence” or “the joy that comes from you being close” \ No newline at end of file +"the joy of being in your presence" or "the joy that comes from you being near to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/021/007.md b/psa/021/007.md index efb34fcaff..479e0ccdd0 100644 --- a/psa/021/007.md +++ b/psa/021/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## through the covenant faithfulness ## +# through the covenant faithfulness of the Most High -“because of the covenant faithfulness” +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "because the Most High is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## he will not be moved ## +# he will not be moved -AT: “circumstances will not make his rule insecure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will remove him as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Your hand will seize ## +# Your hand will seize -AT: “Your power will seize” or “You will seize” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" represents power. AT: "Your power will seize" or "You will powerfully seize" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Your hand ... hate you + +Possible meaning of all occurrences of "your" and "you" are 1) they refer to the king or 2) they refer to God. + +# your right hand will seize those who hate you + +This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. It emphasizes that God will give the king the power to stop his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/021/009.md b/psa/021/009.md index d2396891b8..20630daab7 100644 --- a/psa/021/009.md +++ b/psa/021/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## At the time of your anger ## +# At the time of your anger -AT: “When you are angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"When you appear in your anger" -## you will burn them up as in a fiery furnace ## +# your anger ... You will destroy -Yahweh is compared to an oven, and his enemies are compared to wood that will be burned. AT: “you, Yahweh, are like a fiery furnace and they are like wood that you will burn up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meaning for all occurrences of "your" and "you" are 1) they refer to God or 2) they refer to the king. -## consume them in his wrath ## +# you will burn them up as in a fiery furnace -AT: “destroy them because of his anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh or the king destroying their enemies is spoken of as if their enemies are wood and Yahweh or the king will throw them into a furnace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the fire will devour them ## +# Yahweh will consume them in his wrath, and the fire will devour them -AT: “the anger, which is like a fire, will destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both clauses mean basically the same thing. Yahweh completely destroying his enemies is spoken of as if his wrath is a fire that completely burns up his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from the earth ... from among the human race + +Both phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that absolutely none of their enemies will survive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/021/011.md b/psa/021/011.md index 70643827d3..99c5288f68 100644 --- a/psa/021/011.md +++ b/psa/021/011.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## they intended ## +# they intended -"they planned" +"they planned." The word "they" refers to the enemies of God and the king. -## they conceived a plot ## +# evil against you -“they made a plan” or “they created a scheme” +"to do evil things to you" -## you will draw your bow before them ## +# they conceived a plot -This describes Yahweh as a warrior with a bow and arrows. AT: "you will act like a man with a bow, who makes his bow ready to shoot them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"they made a plan" or "they created a scheme" + +# For you will turn them back; you will draw your bow before them + +Possible meanings for "you" and "your" are 1) they refer to the king or 2) they refer to God and speak about him as if he were a warrior with a bow and arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you will turn them back + +This is a way of saying that God and the king will defeat their enemies in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you will draw your bow before them + +This implies that he actually shoots his arrows at his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/021/013.md b/psa/021/013.md index bd6c957c7b..24ad53616e 100644 --- a/psa/021/013.md +++ b/psa/021/013.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## in your strength ## +# Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength -"in your force" AT: “because you are strong” +Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh, show us that you are very strong" or 2) "Yahweh, because you are strong we will exalt you" -## sing and praise ## +# we will sing and praise your power -These two words basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the enthusiasm of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "sing" and "praise" share similar meanings. Here the word "power" represents God and his power. AT: "with singing we will praise you because you are powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/021/intro.md b/psa/021/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dd5af32c53 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/021/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 021 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 21 is a royal psalm. The king is praying for victory. Victory in war comes from the power and help from God. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pronouns ##### +There is a shift in pronouns in this psalm. In verses 1-6 the psalm addresses Yahweh in second person but in verse 7 the psalmist uses third person before moving back to second person in the latter part. +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 21:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../020/intro.md) | [>>](../022/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/001.md b/psa/022/001.md index 160cfad932..1c749f65e3 100644 --- a/psa/022/001.md +++ b/psa/022/001.md @@ -1,33 +1,43 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +# For the chief musician -## The rhythm of the deer ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# The rhythm of the deer This may refer to a style of music. -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## my God, why have you abandoned me? ## +# My God, my God -The writer does not really expect an answer. AT: "my God, I feel very abandoned by you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The writer repeats "My God" to emphasize that he is desperate for God to hear him. -## you abandoned me ## +# my God, why have you abandoned me? + +The writer uses a question to emphasize that he feels like God has abandoned him. It may be best to leave this as a question. It can also be translated as a statement. AT: "my God, I feel like you have abandoned me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# you abandoned me "you left me all alone" -## Why are you so far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish? ## +# Why are you so far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish? -Again the writer does not expect an answer. AT: "you are far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Again the writer uses a question to emphasize that he feels like God is far away from him. It may be best to leave this as a question. It can also be translated as a statement. AT: "You are far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the words of my anguish ## +# far from the words of my anguish -"the words of my suffering" AT: "me while I am suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The writer feeling like God is not listening to him is spoken of as if God were far from his words of anguish. AT: "why do you not listen when I speak to you about the anguish I feel" or "I have told you about my suffering but you do not come to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I am not silent ## +# in the daytime ... at night -AT: "I still speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer uses the words "daytime" and "night" to mean he prays to God all the time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# I am not silent + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I still speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/003.md b/psa/022/003.md index 7d4519b915..b7bc2046ce 100644 --- a/psa/022/003.md +++ b/psa/022/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## you sit as king with the praises of Israel ## +# you sit as king with the praises of Israel -The praises of Israel are described as if they are a throne upon which God can sit and rule, or as a house in which God can live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"the praises of Israel are the throne on which you sit as king." The praises of Israel are described as if they are a throne upon which God can sit and rule, or as a house in which God can live. AT: "you are king and the people of Israel praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## were not disappointed ## +# of Israel -AT: "were saved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Israel" represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# were not disappointed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you did not disappoint them" or "you did not fail them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# were not disappointed + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you saved them" or "you did for them what they needed you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/006.md b/psa/022/006.md index 1d819f273f..eb3c81c0c4 100644 --- a/psa/022/006.md +++ b/psa/022/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## I am a worm ## +# I am a worm and not a man -The writer has not really changed to a worm but uses this word to show how alone he feels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of himself as if he were a worm. This emphasizes that he feels worthless or that the people treat him as if he were worthless. AT: "But it is like I am a worm and not a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## taunt me; they mock me; they shake their heads at me ## +# disgrace to humanity and despised by the people -These three phrases refer to the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how unrespected he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Both of these phrase mean basically the same thing. The phrase "despised by the people" can be stated in active form. AT: "everyone thinks I am worthless and the people hate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they shake their heads at me ## +# taunt me; they mock me; they shake their heads at me -This describes an action of mock and surprise. +These three phrases share similar meanings and emphasize how much people disrespect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Let him rescue him, for he delights in him ## +# they shake their heads at me -AT: "Let Yahweh rescue him, for he delights in Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +This describes an action used to mock someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# He trusts in Yahweh ... delights in him + +The people are saying this to mock the writer. They do not really believe Yahweh will rescue him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +# Let him rescue him + +"Let Yahweh rescue him" + +# for he delights in him + +Possible meanings are 1) "for Yahweh delights in him" or 2) "for he delights in Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/009.md b/psa/022/009.md index 449158a3ff..71d326b6fd 100644 --- a/psa/022/009.md +++ b/psa/022/009.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## you brought me from the womb ## +# For you -AT: "you caused me to be born" +The writer uses the word "For" to begin explaining why he is confused and asking God why he is not coming to help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## when I was on my mother’s breasts ## +# you brought me from the womb -AT: "when I drank from my mother's breasts" or "when my mother fed me of her milk" +This is a way of saying "you caused me to be born." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## thrown on you from the womb ## +# when I was on my mother's breasts -AT: "made dependent on you from the moment I was born" +This means that he has been trusting in Yahweh since he was very young. AT: "even from the time that I drank milk from my mother's breasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you are my God ## +# I have been thrown on you from the womb -AT: "you have been the God that I worship" +The phrase "have been thrown on" is a way of saying that Yahweh has taken care of him as if Yahweh had adopted him as his own child. This can be stated in active form. AT: "It was as though you had adopted me right when I was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## since I was in my mother's womb ## +# you are my God -AT: "since before I was born" \ No newline at end of file +This implies that Yahweh has always taken care of the writer. AT: "you, God, have taken care of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# since I was in my mother's womb + +"since before I was born" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/011.md b/psa/022/011.md index 9fb95a9610..9bfc8393d8 100644 --- a/psa/022/011.md +++ b/psa/022/011.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Do not be far away from me ## +# Do not be far away from me -AT: "Be very close to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Come close to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## there is no one to help ## +# for trouble is near + +The writer speaks about "trouble" as if it were an object that is near him. AT: "for my enemies are near me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is no one to help "there is no helper" -## Many bulls surround me; strong bulls of Bashan surround me ## +# Many bulls surround me; strong bulls of Bashan surround me -The bulls are a metaphor for enemies, and the second line makes the metaphor even more emphatic. AT: "I have many enemies and they are like bulls that surround me; they are like strong bulls from Bashan that surround me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were bulls. This emphasizes how dangerous and powerful his enemies are. AT: "I have many enemies and they are like bulls that surround me; they are like strong bulls from Bashan that surround me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## They open their mouths wide against me ## +# They open their mouths wide against me -Possible meanings are 1) they use lies to discredit him 2) they threaten him or 3) they attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions with the mouths open ready to eat him. His enemies may be speaking lies to discredit him. Or they may be threatening him and attacking him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## like a roaring lion ripping its victim ## +# like a roaring lion ripping its victim -The image of a lion is used to show how hard the enemies work to destroy me. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions. This emphasizes how powerful and dangerous his enemies are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/014.md b/psa/022/014.md index dbb358c452..e9ebf903da 100644 --- a/psa/022/014.md +++ b/psa/022/014.md @@ -1,35 +1,43 @@ -## I am being poured out like water ## +# I am being poured out like water -"Someone is pouring me out like water." The writer is comparing himself to water that is wasted on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is like someone is pouring me out like water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## all my bones are dislocated ## +# I am being poured out like water -"all my bones are out of place." This describes the emotional pain the writer experiences as if it were physical pain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks about feeling completely exhausted and weak as if he were water being poured out of a jar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## My heart is like wax ## +# all my bones are dislocated -This means his emotions and his willpower are extremely weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"all my bones are out of place." It is possible the writer is in some kind of physical pain. Or he may be speaking of his emotional pain as if it were physical pain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## wax ## +# My heart is like wax ... inner parts -Wax is a soft substance that melts at a relatively low temperature, for example when you rub it between your hands. +The writer speaks about no longer having courage as if his heart melted like wax. Here "heart" represents "courage." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## strength has dried up like a piece of pottery ## +# wax -This describes how little strength he has left. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +a soft substance that melts at a relatively low temperature -## piece of pottery ## +# within my inner parts + +"inside of me" + +# My strength has dried up like a piece of pottery + +The writer speaks about feeling weak as if his strength were like a dry piece of pottery that can easily break. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# piece of pottery an object made of baked clay that can be used in the house -## my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth ## +# my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth -He describes the dryness of his strength as if it were a physical dryness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"my tongue sticks to the top of my mouth." The writer may be describing his extreme thirst. Or he may be continuing to speak about being weak as if he were completely dry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You have laid me in the dust of death ## +# You have laid me in the dust of death -AT: “You have brought me very close to dying” or "You are about to let me die and become dust" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Possible meanings for "dust of death" are 1) it refers to a person turning to dust after they die. AT: "You are about to let me die and become dust" or 2) it is a way of speaking about the grave, which would mean God is causing the writer to die. AT: "You have laid me in my grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You have laid me ## +# You have laid me -The "you" is singular and refers to God. \ No newline at end of file +The "you" is singular and refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/016.md b/psa/022/016.md index 0e62945b79..64c709890c 100644 --- a/psa/022/016.md +++ b/psa/022/016.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## dogs ## +# dogs have surrounded me -This word refers to his enemies or evil people. AT: "my enemies are like dogs that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs. His enemies are coming close to him like wild dogs do to a dying animal. AT: "my enemies are like dogs that have surrounded me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a company of evildoers ## +# a company of evildoers "a group of evildoers" or "a gang of evildoers" -## encircled ## +# encircled "surrounded" -## pierced ## +# they have pierced my hands and my feet + +This continues the dog metaphor. The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs that are biting and piercing his hands and feet with their teeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pierced stabbed through something with a sharp object -## I can count all my bones ## +# I can count all my bones -AT: "I can see all of my bones" or "I can feel each of my bones" +Possible meanings are 1) the writer is so thin that he can see his bones. AT: "I can see all of my bones" or "I can feel each of my bones" or 2) this continues the dog metaphor and the writer can see his bones after the dogs have ripped his flesh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## look and stare at me ## +# look and stare at me -These two words mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how uncomfortable he is with people looking at him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "look" and "stare" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people look at him awkwardly and make fun of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/018.md b/psa/022/018.md index 7632d57b89..1f7cca45cb 100644 --- a/psa/022/018.md +++ b/psa/022/018.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## my garments ## +# my garments "my clothes" -## Do not be far away ## +# Do not be far away -AT: "Be very close" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Be very close" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## my Strength ## +# my strength -"my Power" or "my Help" \ No newline at end of file +Here "strength" represents Yahweh who gives him strength. AT: "you who give me strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/020.md b/psa/022/020.md index df08423877..b8c071f495 100644 --- a/psa/022/020.md +++ b/psa/022/020.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## my soul ## +# Rescue my soul -AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "soul" stands for the whole person. AT: "Rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the sword ## +# the sword -The sword is a common way of referring to a violent enemy. AT: "my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The sword is a common way of referring to a violent enemy. AT: "those who want to kill me" or "my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## my only life ## +# my only life "my precious life" or "the only life I have" -## claws of wild dogs ... lion's mouth ... horns of the wild ox ## +# claws of wild dogs ... lion's mouth ... horns of the wild oxen -Each of these is a double figure of speech. First, the claws, mouth, and horns stand for the animal as a whole in a synecdoche. Second, all three animals refer to David's enemies as a metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs, lions, and wild oxen to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the claws, mouth, and horns stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes these parts of the animals because they are the parts that the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the horns of the wild oxen ## +# wild dogs ... wild oxen -AT: "the strength of the wild oxen" or "the wild oxen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## wild oxen ## - -The word "wild" here means that has not been captured and tamed by humans. \ No newline at end of file +The word "wild" here means that no one has captured and tamed the animal. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/022.md b/psa/022/022.md index c619b22d1f..de633bdeef 100644 --- a/psa/022/022.md +++ b/psa/022/022.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## I will declare your name ## +# I will declare your name -AT: "I will make known your name" or "I will talk about your character" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will make known your name." Here "name" stands for God's character or reputation. AT: "I will talk about your character" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## my brothers ## +# my brothers -AT: "my fellow Israelites" (UDB) or "my fellow worshippers of Yahweh" +Here "brothers" means "my fellow Israelites" or "my fellow worshipers of Yahweh" -## in the midst of the assembly ## +# in the midst of the assembly -AT: "while I am at the assembly" or "when I am surrounded by my fellow worshippers of Yahweh" +"when my fellow Israelites and I gather together" or "when I am surrounded by my fellow worshipers of Yahweh" -## Stand in awe of him ## +# You who fear -AT: "Be full of awe for him" or "Let God's power amaze you" \ No newline at end of file +Here "You" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# you descendants of Jacob ... you descendants of Israel + +Both of these refer to the same group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Stand in awe of him + +"Be full of awe for him" or "Let God's power amaze you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/024.md b/psa/022/024.md index a56c43a1ef..d53dfa389f 100644 --- a/psa/022/024.md +++ b/psa/022/024.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## he has not despised or abhorred ## +# he has not despised or abhorred the suffering of the afflicted one -AT: "he has admired and cherished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Possible meanings are 1) he has not despised the afflicted one because he is suffering or 2) he has not belittled the suffering of the afflicted one -## despised or abhorred ## +# despised or abhorred -These two words mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize that God has not forgotten David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that God has not forgotten the one who is afflicted and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## despised ## +# despised -detested or hated +"detested" or "hated" -## abhorred ## +# abhorred -loathed or scorned +"loathed" or "scorned" -## the afflicted one ## +# the suffering of the afflicted one ... from him ... the afflicted one cried -AT: "an afflicted person" or "afflicted people" +Possible meanings are 1) the author was speaking about how God treats people who are suffering. AT: "those who suffer ... from them ... those who are suffering cried" or 2) the author was speaking specifically about how God treated him. AT: "my suffering because of my affliction ... from me ... I cried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## has not hidden his face ## +# has not hidden his face from him -AT: "has not turned his attention away" or "has not turned away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Hiding one's face from someone represents ignoring him. AT: "has not turned his attention away from him" or "has not ignored him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he heard ## +# he heard -"he listened" AT: "he answered" or "he helped" \ No newline at end of file +"he listened." It is implied that he responded when he heard their cry. AT: "he answered" or "he helped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# because of you + +Here "you" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# I will fulfill my vows + +This refers to sacrifices the writer promised to offer to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# before those who fear him + +Here "him" refers to Yahweh. It can be stated as "you." AT: "in the presence of those who fear you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/026.md b/psa/022/026.md index 3be5dc6f3f..1d0cde1587 100644 --- a/psa/022/026.md +++ b/psa/022/026.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## May your hearts live forever ## +# The oppressed will eat and be satisfied -AT: "May you live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This refers to the fellowship meal which occurs after the writer offers to God the sacrifices that he promised. He will invite those who were suffering to eat a part of the animal he sacrificed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## will remember and turn to Yahweh ## +# those who seek Yahweh -AT: "will remember Yahweh and return to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## all the families of the nations ## +# May your hearts live forever -AT: "everyone" \ No newline at end of file +Here "hearts" represent the whole person. AT: "May you live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# May your hearts + +Here "your" is plural and refers to the oppressed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# will remember and turn to Yahweh + +Starting to obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the people physically turn toward Yahweh. AT: "will remember Yahweh and obey him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the families of the nations will bow down before you + +This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. The writer is emphasizing that everyone from every place will worship and obey Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# will bow down before you + +This is a sign of giving honor and respect to someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# before you + +Here "you" refers to Yahweh. It can be translated in the third person to match the first part of the sentence. AT: "before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/028.md b/psa/022/028.md index 0879719ffe..17e05db745 100644 --- a/psa/022/028.md +++ b/psa/022/028.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## For the kingdom is Yahweh’s ## +# For the kingdom is Yahweh's -"For the kingdom belongs to Yahweh" AT: "For Yahweh is king" (UDB) +"For the kingdom belongs to Yahweh." Here "kingdom" represents God's rule as king. AT: "For Yahweh is king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## will feast ## +# he is the ruler over the nations -Imortant here is that the people eat together at the feast. AT: "will eat together" or "will eat a festive meal" +Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. AT: "he rules the people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## those who are descending into the dust ## +# will feast -AT: "those who are dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The people will eat together at the feast. AT: "will eat together" or "will eat a festive meal together" -## those who cannot preserve their own lives ## +# all those who are descending into the dust ... those who cannot preserve their own lives -AT: "those who cannot save themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both phrases refers to the same group. They both refer to all people because all people will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# those who are descending into the dust + +Here "dust" represents the grave. The phrase "descending into the dust" is a way of referring to someone dying. AT: "those who are dying" or "those who die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# those who cannot preserve their own lives + +"those who cannot save their own lives" or "those who cannot keep themselves from dying" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/030.md b/psa/022/030.md index 7821272b66..f3400b71da 100644 --- a/psa/022/030.md +++ b/psa/022/030.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## they will ## +# A generation to come -The word "they" in this chunk refers to a future generation that will serve Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +Here "A generation" represents the people of a generation. The phrase "to come" speaks about a future time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. AT: "People in the future generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the next generation + +Here "generation" represents the people of that generation. AT: "the people of the next generation" or "their children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# of the Lord + +"about the Lord" or "about what the Lord has done" + +# tell of his righteousness + +The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "tell of the righteous things he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/022/intro.md b/psa/022/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8f14fc720f --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/022/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 022 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 22 is a messianic psalm. It contains references to events during the crucifixion of Christ. It is also a psalm of individual lament and praise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/crucify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Messiah ##### +Christ was despised and taunted by his enemies; but finally people all over the earth will bow down to him. + +##### New Testament usage ##### +This psalm is quoted in different places in the New Testament. Verse 1a is cited in Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34 as the words of Christ on the cross. Many of the events in the narratives of the crucifixion are mentioned in this psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 22:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../021/intro.md) | [>>](../023/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/023/001.md b/psa/023/001.md index fc76a75ad1..1f576f5603 100644 --- a/psa/023/001.md +++ b/psa/023/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +# General Information: -## Yahweh is my shepherd ## +In much of this psalm, David writes as if he were a sheep and the Lord were his shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) -This psalm tells about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. AT: "Yahweh is like a shepherd to me" or "Yahweh cares for me as a shepherd cares for his sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). +# A psalm of David -## He makes me to lie down in green pastures ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -AT: He gives me rest like a shepherd who leads his sheep to lie down in green pastures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Yahweh is my shepherd -## he leads me beside tranquil water ## +The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. This emphasizes how God cares for people as a shepherd cares for his sheep. AT: "Yahweh is like a shepherd to me" or "Yahweh cares for me as a shepherd cares for his sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -He provides what I need like a shepherd who leads his sheep beside tranquil water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# I will lack nothing -## tranquil water ## +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I have everything that I need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# He makes me to lie down in green pastures + +The writer speaks about himself as if he were a sheep, and he speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. AT: He gives me rest like a shepherd who leads his sheep to lie down in green pastures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he leads me beside tranquil water + +The writer speaks about himself as if he were a sheep, and he speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. AT: "he provides what I need like a shepherd who leads his sheep beside tranquil water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tranquil water "calm water" or "water that flows gently." This water is safe to drink. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/023/003.md b/psa/023/003.md index 67d23e9163..4d4049114a 100644 --- a/psa/023/003.md +++ b/psa/023/003.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -This psalm continues to tell about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. +# General Information: -## he guides me along right paths ## +This psalm continues to tell about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) -The word "paths" represents how a person lives. AT: "he shows me how to live right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# He brings back my life -## for his name's sake ## +This means God makes a person who is weak and tired to be strong and rested again. -The phrase "his name" here refers to his reputation. AT: "for his reputation" or "so that people will honor him" \ No newline at end of file +# he guides me along right paths + +Showing a person how to live in a way that pleases God is spoken of as if it were a shepherd showing a sheep the right path to take. AT: "He shows me how to live right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for his name's sake + +The phrase "his name" here refers to his reputation. AT: "for his reputation" or "so that people will honor him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/023/004.md b/psa/023/004.md index 12b9a431e4..f04821e40e 100644 --- a/psa/023/004.md +++ b/psa/023/004.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -This psalm continues to tell about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. +# General Information: -## though I walk through a valley of darkest shadow ## +This psalm continues to tell about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) -A dark valley is a very dangerous place. "Though my life is like walking through a dark and dangerous valley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Even though I walk through a valley of darkest shadow -## I will not fear harm ## +The writer describes a person experiencing terrible trouble as if he were a sheep walking through a dark and dangerous valley. There a sheep could get lost or attacked by a wild animal. AT: "Though my life is like walking through a dark and dangerous valley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"I will not be afraid of being hurt" +# I will not fear harm -## your rod and your staff comfort me ## +The abstract noun "harm" can be stated as a verb. AT: "I will not be afraid of something harming me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -The rod and staff represent protection because shepherds use them to protect their sheep from danger. AT: "I am not afraid because you protect me like a shepherd who protects his sheep with his rod and staff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] \ No newline at end of file +# you are with me + +Here "you" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# your rod and your staff comfort me + +The rod and staff represent protection because shepherds use them to protect their sheep from danger. AT: "I am not afraid because you protect me like a shepherd who protects his sheep with his rod and staff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/023/005.md b/psa/023/005.md index 931e596789..c8991735a4 100644 --- a/psa/023/005.md +++ b/psa/023/005.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Now the psalm tells how God is like someone who welcomes a guest into his home and protects him. +# General Information: -## You prepare a table ## +Now the writer tells how God is like someone who welcomes a guest into his home and protects him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) + +# You prepare a table A table represents a feast because people would put all the food on a table. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## anointed my head with oil ## +# in the presence of my enemies -People sometimes put oil on their guest's heads in order to honor them. +The meaning here is that the writer is not worried about his enemies because he is an honored guest of the Lord and therefore protected from harm. AT: "despite the presence of my enemies" -## my cups runs over ## +# anointed my head with oil + +People sometimes put oil on their guests' heads in order to honor them. + +# my cup runs over Here a cup of wine that overflows represents many blessings. AT: "You fill my cup so much that it overflows" or "You give me many blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/023/006.md b/psa/023/006.md index f3dab94f3a..e64c1f3adf 100644 --- a/psa/023/006.md +++ b/psa/023/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Surely goodness and covenant faithfulness will pursue me ## +# Surely goodness and covenant faithfulness will pursue me -"Surely goodness and covenant faithfulness will be with me" or "Surely you will be good and faithful to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] ) +Yahweh being good and faithful to a person is spoken of as if goodness and covenant faithfulness are things that pursue after a person. The abstract nouns "goodness" and "faithfulness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "Surely you will be good and faithful to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## all the days of my life ## +# all the days of my life -AT: "as long as I live" (See UDB and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The abstract noun "life" can be stated as a verb. AT: "as long as I live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the house of Yahweh ## +# the house of Yahweh Possible meanings are that 1) this refers to Yahweh's eternal home, or 2) this refers to Yahweh's temple in Jerusalem. If possible, translate it so that both meanings could be understood. -## for a very long time ## +# for a very long time Possible meanings are 1) "forever" or 2) "as long as I live." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/023/intro.md b/psa/023/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..74713323cc --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/023/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Psalm 023 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 23 is a psalm of praise to God for his continued care and protection. The psalmist praises God for always being with him and for caring for him. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +Psalm 23 is an extended metaphor speaking of God as if he were a shepherd, and of the psalmist as if he were a sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 23:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../022/intro.md) | [>>](../024/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/024/001.md b/psa/024/001.md index e00e0b9de3..57e9682902 100644 --- a/psa/024/001.md +++ b/psa/024/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +# A psalm of David -## and its fullness ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -"and everything that fills it" +# its fullness -## For he has founded it upon the seas and established it on the rivers ## +The abstract noun "fullness" can be stated with the verb "fills." AT: "everything that fills it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -AT: For he formed its foundation on the seas and built it on the deep waters" +# For he has founded it upon the seas and established it on the rivers -## the seas ... the rivers ## +Here "founded it upon the seas" and "established it on the rivers" mean basically the same thing. The Hebrews of that time believed their land was supported by the oceans and deep underground rivers. AT: For he formed its foundation on the seas and built it on the deep waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -These phrases are used together to refer to the huge deep ocean below the earth. \ No newline at end of file +# the seas ... the rivers + +These phrases are used together to refer to the huge deep ocean below the earth. + +# on the rivers + +"the water that is deep below" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/024/003.md b/psa/024/003.md index c7b1879190..e43781cebf 100644 --- a/psa/024/003.md +++ b/psa/024/003.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## ascend ## +# Who will ascend the mountain ... in his holy place? + +Both of these questions mean basically the same thing. The speaker is asking about who is allowed to go and worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# ascend "go up" or "climb" -## the mountain of Yahweh ## +# the mountain of Yahweh This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem. -## his holy place ## +# his holy place -This refers Yahweh's temple (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This refers Yahweh's temple. His temple is on Mount Zion in Jerusalem. -## who has clean hands ## +# He who has ... who has ... and has not -The word "hands" refers to what a person does. AT: "whose actions are clean" or "who does what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "He" does not refer to a specific person. AT: "Those who have ... who have ... and have not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## who has not lifted up a falsehood ## +# who has clean hands -AT: "who has not taken a false oath" +The word "hands" represents what a person does. For his "hands" to be clean means he does what is right. AT: "who does what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## what is false ## +# a pure heart -This may refers to idols, in making oaths and promises \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" represents a person's thoughts or motives. AT: "thinks good thoughts" or "does not think about doing what is wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# who has not lifted up a falsehood + +Here "falsehood" represents a false idol. To "lift up" means to worship. AT: "who has not worshiped an idol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/024/005.md b/psa/024/005.md index 1737871aec..d0d74262b8 100644 --- a/psa/024/005.md +++ b/psa/024/005.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## He will receive a blessing ## +# He will receive a blessing from Yahweh -The word "he" refers to the ones with pure hearts mentioned in previous verse. +The word "he" does not refer to a specific person. It refers to the ones with pure hearts mentioned in previous verse. The abstract noun "blessing" can be stated as a verb. AT: "Yahweh will bless them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## and righteousness from the God of his salvation ## +# righteousness from the God of his salvation -AT: "and God will deal righteously with him and save him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as "righteously." And, "salvation" can be stated as "save." AT: "God will deal righteously with him and save him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## those who seek him ## +# Such is the generation of those who seek him -AT: "those who approach God" +Here "generation" represents people in general. AT: "The people who seek him are like this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## those who seek the face of the God of Jacob ## +# those who seek him, those who seek the face of the God of Jacob -AT: "those who worship the God of Jacob" \ No newline at end of file +Both statements mean the same thing. They both refer to those who go to the temple to worship God. AT: "the ones who approach God, they are the ones who may worship God, the one we Israelites worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# those who seek him + +Going to the temple to worship Yahweh is spoken of as if the person is literally seeking to find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the face of the God of Jacob + +Here "face" stands for the whole person. AT: "the God of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/024/007.md b/psa/024/007.md index f710313fb0..5f53aa2e61 100644 --- a/psa/024/007.md +++ b/psa/024/007.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors ## +# Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors -The two phases are very similar in meaning. The words "gates" and "doors" refer to the gates of the temple. AT: "Open up, you ancient gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The two phases are very similar in meaning. The words "gates" and "doors" refer to the gates of the temple. The writer is speaking to the gates as if they were a person. A gatekeeper would be the one to open the gates. AT: "Open up, you ancient gates" or "Open these ancient gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Lift up your heads + +It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the "head." But, it stands for the gate as a whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Yahweh, strong and mighty; Yahweh, mighty in battle + +The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a mighty warrior who fights in battles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/024/009.md b/psa/024/009.md index 587dd1fefb..6b15dc442f 100644 --- a/psa/024/009.md +++ b/psa/024/009.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors, so that the king of glory may come in ## +# Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors -See how you translated this in [Psalms 24:7](./007.md). +The two phases are very similar in meaning. The words "gates" and "doors" refer to the gates of the temple. The writer is speaking to the gates as if they were a person. A gatekeeper would be the one to open the gates. See how you translated this in [Psalms 24:7](./007.md). AT: "Open up, you ancient gates" or "Open these ancient gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Selah ## +# Lift up your heads -See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:1](../003/001.md). \ No newline at end of file +It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the "head." But, it stands for the gate as a whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/024/intro.md b/psa/024/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b1aede2084 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/024/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Psalm 024 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 24 is a psalm of praise to God as the almighty God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/almighty]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Righteous people ##### +Only the righteous come to worship God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +The psalmists uses several rhetorical questions. Each question forms a unit with a response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 24:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../023/intro.md) | [>>](../025/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/001.md b/psa/025/001.md index 7d72d544e2..37807f7705 100644 --- a/psa/025/001.md +++ b/psa/025/001.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +# A psalm of David -## I lift up my life ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -"I give my life to you" +# I lift up my life -## Do not let me be humiliated ## +The phrase "lift up my life" is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) the writer is giving himself to Yahweh, which means he is completely depending on Yahweh. AT: "I give myself to you" or 2) he is offering prayer and adoration to Yahweh. AT: "I worship and adore you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "Do not let my enemies humiliate me" +# Do not let me be humiliated -## humiliated ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not let my enemies humiliate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# humiliated "ashamed" -## rejoice triumphantly over me ## +# rejoice triumphantly over me -AT: "rejoice in triumph over me" or "defeat me and rejoice about it" +"rejoice in triumph over me." The phrase "over me" implies that his enemies have defeated him and stand above in victory. AT: "defeat me and rejoice about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## May no one who hopes in you be disgraced ## +# May no one who hopes in you be disgraced -"Do not let those who hope in you be disgraced." Disgrace could come from being defeated by their enemies. AT: "Do not let those who hope in you be defeated by their enemies and ashamed by it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"Do not let those who hope in you be disgraced." Disgrace could come from being defeated by their enemies. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not let enemies defeat those who hope in you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## act treacherously ## +# who hopes in you + +"who trusts you" + +# act treacherously "act deceitfully" or "act with trickery" -## without cause ## +# without cause "without a reason" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/004.md b/psa/025/004.md index 6d61d65c8d..6a61b86914 100644 --- a/psa/025/004.md +++ b/psa/025/004.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## your ways ... your paths ## +# Make known to me your ways, Yahweh; teach me your paths -"Ways" and "paths" represent behavior. "The phrases "your ways" and "your paths" refer to the way God wants people to behave. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Both statements mean the same thing. God teaching a person how they should behave is spoken of as if he were showing a person the correct path on which a person should travel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I hope in you ## +# I hope in you -"I depend on you" or "I wait patiently for you" \ No newline at end of file +"I depend on you" or "I wait patiently for you" + +# Guide me into your truth and teach me + +Guide and teach mean the same thing, to give instruction. AT: "Instruct me to conduct my life by obeying your truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the God of my salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as "saves." AT: "the one who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/006.md b/psa/025/006.md index 339a12b85e..67cce55485 100644 --- a/psa/025/006.md +++ b/psa/025/006.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Call to mind ## +# Call to mind -"Remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. This does not mean God forgot something. The writer is asking God to think about and consider his acts of compassion and faithfulness. AT: "Remember" or "Think about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Do not think about the sins of my youth ## +# your acts of compassion and of covenant faithfulness -AT: "Do not think about how I sinned against you when I was young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The abstract nouns "compassion" and "faithfulness" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "how you have been compassionate and faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## or my rebelliousness ## +# for they have always existed -AT: or about how I have rebelled against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here "they" personifies God's compassion and covenant faithfulness. AT: "for that is how you have always been" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Call me to mind ## +# Do not think about the sins of my youth -"Remember me" +The abstract noun "sins" can be stated as "sinned." AT: "Do not think about how I sinned against you when I was young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## with covenant faithfulness because of your goodness ## +# or my rebelliousness -AT: "and be faithful to me because of your covenant, because you are good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "rebelliousness" can be stated as "rebelled." AT: or about how I have rebelled against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Call me to mind + +This is an idiom. This does not mean God forgot something. The writer is asking God to think about him. AT: "Remember me" or "Think about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# with covenant faithfulness because of your goodness + +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "goodness" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "and be faithful to me because of your covenant, because you are good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/008.md b/psa/025/008.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6ff8b792b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/025/008.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# the way ... his way + +How God wants a person to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which a person travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the humble + +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "humble people" or "those who are humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/010.md b/psa/025/010.md index b9fce43b79..9061628fa2 100644 --- a/psa/025/010.md +++ b/psa/025/010.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## All the paths of Yahweh are made from covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness ## +# All the paths of Yahweh are steadfast love and faithfulness -The phrase "paths of Yahweh" refers to the way he lives and behaves. AT: Yahweh is always faithful because of his covenant and he is always trustworthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "paths" is a metaphor for ways. AT: "Yahweh always loves us because of his covenant and he is always trustworthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for your name's sake ## +# For your name's sake -The phrase “your name” here refers to Yahweh's reputation. AT: “for your reputation” or “so that people will honor you” +The phrase "your name" here refers to Yahweh's reputation. AT: "For your reputation" or "So that people will honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## pardon my sin for it is great ## +# pardon my sin, for it is great -AT: "Please pardon me, for I have sinned much" or "I have sinned terribly; please forgive me" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "sin" can be stated as "sinned." AT: "please forgive me, for I have sinned much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/012.md b/psa/025/012.md index 17a5b4380a..5f26268284 100644 --- a/psa/025/012.md +++ b/psa/025/012.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Who is the man who fears Yahweh? ## +# Who is the man who fears Yahweh? -This question introduces "the man who fears Yahweh" as a new topic. AT: "I will tell you about the man who fears Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question introduces "the man who fears Yahweh" as a new topic. AT: "I will tell you about the man who fears Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the man who fears Yahweh ## +# is the man who fears ... instruct him ... he should ... His life ... his descendants -"any person who fears Yahweh" +This does not refer to a specific person. AT: "are those who fear ... instruct them ... they should ... Their lives ... their descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## The Lord will instruct him in the way that he should choose ## +# The Lord will instruct him in the way that he should choose -"The Lord will teach him the way he should live" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh teaching people how they should behave is spoken of as if Yahweh were teaching the people what way or path they should travel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# His life will go along in goodness + +"God will cause him to prosper" or "God will cause them to prosper" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/014.md b/psa/025/014.md index 038b1f0ab8..7c62368bd9 100644 --- a/psa/025/014.md +++ b/psa/025/014.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## The friendship of Yahweh is for those ## +# The friendship of Yahweh is for those "Yahweh is a friend to those." Some translate it as "Yahweh confides in those." His confiding in them shows the intimate friendship he has with them. -## My eyes are always on Yahweh ## +# My eyes are always on Yahweh -AT: "I always look to Yahweh." Looking to Yahweh implies asking him for help. (See: UDB and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "eyes" represents looking. It is implied that he looks to Yahweh for help. AT: "I always look to Yahweh to help me" or "I always depend on Yahweh to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## for he will free my feet from the net ## +# for he will free my feet from the net -A net is a trap. Here it represents danger. AT: He will rescue me from danger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +A net is a trap. A person who is in danger is spoken of as if their feet are tangled in a net. AT: He will rescue me from danger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Turn toward me + +Yahweh paying attention to a person and considering him is spoken of as if Yahweh were physically turning towards the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/017.md b/psa/025/017.md index d769061324..a3257a3b86 100644 --- a/psa/025/017.md +++ b/psa/025/017.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## The troubles of my heart are enlarged ## +# The troubles of my heart are enlarged -AT: "The troubles of my heart have increased" or "I feel very troubled in my heart" +Here "heart" represents a person's emotions. AT: "I feel more and more troubled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## draw me out from my distress ## +# draw me out from my distress -"bring me out of my distress." AT: "rescue me from my distress" +"bring me out of my distress." This speaks of distress as if it were a place that a person can be brought out of. AT: "rescue me from my distress" or "relieve me of my distress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my distress ## +# my distress -AT: "the things that distress me" or "the things that cause me to be afraid" +The word "distress" is an abstract noun. AT: "the things that distress me" or "the things that cause me to be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## my affliction ## +# See my affliction -AT: "the things that afflict me" or "how afflicted I am" +"Notice my affliction" -## they hate me with cruel hatred ## +# my affliction -AT: "they hate me cruelly" or "they hate me fiercely" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "affliction" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the things that afflict me" or "how afflicted I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my toils + +The word "toils" is an abstract noun. AT: "the things that trouble me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they hate me with cruel hatred + +"they hate me cruelly" or "they hate me fiercely" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/020.md b/psa/025/020.md index b8dca903e3..fa15d83db7 100644 --- a/psa/025/020.md +++ b/psa/025/020.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## I will not be humiliated ## +# do not let me be humiliated -AT: "My enemies will not be able to humiliate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not let my enemies humiliate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## be humiliated ## +# take refuge in you! -"be ashamed" +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you for protection!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## May integrity and uprightness preserve me ## +# May integrity and uprightness preserve me -AT: "May being honest and doing what is right preserve me" or "Preserve me because I am honest and do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +This speaks about "integrity" and "uprightness" as if they were persons who could keep another person safe. These abstract nouns can be stated as adjectives. AT: "May being honest and doing what is right preserve me" or "Preserve me, Lord, because I am honest and do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## preserve me ## +# preserve me "keep me safe" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/022.md b/psa/025/022.md index 959a117c94..a1a96e91b7 100644 --- a/psa/025/022.md +++ b/psa/025/022.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Rescue Israel ## +# Rescue Israel -"Save Israel" or "Redeem Israel." This is a request. AT: "Please rescue Israel" \ No newline at end of file +"Save Israel" or "Redeem Israel" + +# Israel ... his troubles + +Here "Israel" represents the people of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel ... our troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/025/intro.md b/psa/025/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..60f5f4ce98 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/025/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 025 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 25 is a prayer for God's help. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The humble ##### +God is very good to humble people who seek to obey him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 25:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../024/intro.md) | [>>](../026/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/026/001.md b/psa/026/001.md index f730d22386..c45a740eac 100644 --- a/psa/026/001.md +++ b/psa/026/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +# A psalm of David -## without wavering ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -The idea of "wavering" here represents doubting. AT: "without doubting" +# I have walked -## Examine me ## +The word "walked" is a metaphor for behavior. AT: "I have behaved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"Test me" or "Try me" +# in Yahweh -## test the purity of my inner parts and my heart ## +The third person use of "Yahweh" can be stated in the second person. AT: "in you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -AT: "Test my inner parts and my heart to see if they are pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +# without wavering -## my inner parts and my heart ## +Doubting is spoken of as if it were losing balance and waving back and forth. AT: "without doubting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -These body parts represent David's thoughts and attitude. Some languages may use different body parts of these. \ No newline at end of file +# Examine me + +"Try me" + +# test the purity of my inner parts and my heart + +Here "inner parts" and "heart" mean motives. AT: "test whether my motives are good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# For your covenant faithfulness is before my eyes + +Here "eyes" represent a person's thoughts and having something before one's eyes represents being aware of that thing. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "For I am always aware of your covenant faithfulness" or "For I am always aware that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I walk about in your faithfulness + +The word "walk" is a metaphor for behavior. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "I conduct my life according to your faithfulness" or "I behave the way I do because you are faithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/026/004.md b/psa/026/004.md index 1c986073dc..ca596b2c50 100644 --- a/psa/026/004.md +++ b/psa/026/004.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## I do not associate with ## +# I do not associate with "I do not keep company with" or "I do not sit with" -## nor do I mingle with ## +# with deceitful people -"and I do not join with" +"with those who deceive others" -## dishonest people ## +# nor do I mingle with dishonest people -"people who lie" +This means the same as the first part of the sentence. AT: "and I do not join with dishonest people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## evildoers ## +# dishonest people -"people who do what is evil" \ No newline at end of file +"hypocrites" or "those who lie to others" + +# the assembly of evildoers + +"those who gather to do evil" + +# the wicked + +This is a nominal adjective. AT: "wicked people" or "those who are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/026/006.md b/psa/026/006.md index 81c7695f32..9e5ec1ce45 100644 --- a/psa/026/006.md +++ b/psa/026/006.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## I wash my hands in innocence ## +# I wash my hands in innocence -This seems to refer to a ritual washing of hands in water to symbolize freedom from sin and guilt. +This seems to refer to a ritual washing of hands in water to symbolize freedom from sin and guilt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## I go around your altar ## +# I go around your altar This was an action of worship that the Israelites were accustomed to doing. -## the house where you live ## +# the house where you live -This refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there. AT: "the holy tent where you live" or "your holy tent" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem or 2) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there. + +# the place where your glory lives + +Here "glory" represents the presence and power of God, which is similar to a very bright light. AT: "the place where people can see the glorious light of your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/026/009.md b/psa/026/009.md index a660cc3237..2da146e72e 100644 --- a/psa/026/009.md +++ b/psa/026/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## or with people who are bloodthirsty ## +# Do not sweep me away with sinners -AT: "and do not sweep away my life with bloodthirsty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +"Sweep away" is a metaphor for destruction. AT: "Do not destroy me along with sinners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## people who are bloodthirsty ## +# or my life -AT: "people who are eager to shed others' blood" or "people who are murderers" +The word "sweep" is understood. AT: "or sweep my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## in whose hands there is a plot ## +# people who are bloodthirsty -"people who plan to do wicked things" +The word "bloodthirsty" represents wanting to kill people. AT: "people who are eager to shed others' blood" or "murderers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a plot ## +# in whose hands + +"Hands" refers to the whole person. AT: "people in which" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a plot "a wicked plan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/026/011.md b/psa/026/011.md index caeccd07f0..475079266b 100644 --- a/psa/026/011.md +++ b/psa/026/011.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## But as for me ## +# But as for me -This phrase shows that David is changing from speaking about wicked people to talking about himself. +This phrase shows that the writer is changing from speaking about wicked people to talking about himself. -## level ground ## +# I will walk in integrity -Possible meanings are that "level ground" represents 1) a safe place or 2) right behavior (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Walk" is a metaphor for behavior. AT: "I will behave with integrity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# My foot stands + +Here "foot" represents the whole person. AT: "I stand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# level ground + +Possible meanings are that "level ground" represents 1) a safe place or 2) right behavior (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the assemblies will I bless Yahweh + +"when I gather with the people of Israel I will praise you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/026/intro.md b/psa/026/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f7658deb06 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/026/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 026 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 26 is a teaching psalm; showing people how they should live by the example of the psalmsist. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Praise ##### +The psalmist delights in praising God and doing good deeds. It is striking how this psalm uses the first person pronoun. This is an individual psalm of petition. Each of the four petitions are accompanied with various claims. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 26:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../025/intro.md) | [>>](../027/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/001.md b/psa/027/001.md index 1bcc9736e8..7010953cfd 100644 --- a/psa/027/001.md +++ b/psa/027/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +# A psalm of David -## whom should I fear? ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should fear. AT: "There is no one that I should be afraid of." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Yahweh is my light -## whom should I dread? ## +Here "light" represents life. AT: "Yahweh is the source of my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should be afraid of". AT: "There is no one that I should dread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# whom should I fear? + +This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should fear. AT: "I will not be afraid of anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Yahweh is my life's refuge + +This speaks about Yahweh as if he were a place where people can go for safety. AT: "Yahweh is the one who keeps me safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# whom should I dread? + +This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should be afraid of. AT: "I will not dread anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/002.md b/psa/027/002.md index d5cb958c87..e5dd198f48 100644 --- a/psa/027/002.md +++ b/psa/027/002.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## when evildoers drew near ## +# to devour my flesh -"when people who do evil came close" +Destroying someone completely is spoken of as if it were devouring a person's flesh. He did not mean that they wanted to eat his body. AT: "to destroy me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to devour my flesh ## +# my adversaries and my enemies -The idea of devouring something represents destroying something completely. AT: "to destroy me." He did not mean that they wanted to eat his body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These words mean the same thing. These are the evildoers who came near to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## my adversaries and my enemies ## +# stumbled and fell -These are the evildoers who came near to him. +This represents the writer's enemies failing to fulfill their plans to harm the writer. AT: "did not succeed" or "failed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Though an army encamps against me ## +# Though an army encamps against me -AT: "though an army surrounds me" or "though an army puts its tents around me" +"though an army surrounds me" or "though an army puts its tents around me" -## My heart will not fear ## +# my heart will not fear -AT: "I will not be afraid" +Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I will not be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## though war rises up ## +# though war rises up against me -AT: "though my enemies rise up to fight against me" +The writer's enemies are spoken of as if they themselves were a war. AT: "though my enemies come to fight against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## remain confident ## +# I will remain confident -AT: "trust God to help me" \ No newline at end of file +"I will continue to trust God to help me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/004.md b/psa/027/004.md index 1a361a05eb..b3940cf0e5 100644 --- a/psa/027/004.md +++ b/psa/027/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## I have asked of Yahweh ## +# have I asked of Yahweh "I have asked Yahweh to let me do" -## to see the beauty of Yahweh ## +# I will seek that -"to see how beautiful Yahweh is" or "to look at how wonderful Yahweh is" +A person really wanting something and continually asking God for it is spoken of as if he were seeking to find something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to meditate in his temple ## +# to see the beauty of Yahweh -Possible meanings are 1) "to ask God what he wants me to do" or 2) "to think carefully about God in his temple" \ No newline at end of file +The wonderful character of God is spoken of as if it were physical beauty. AT: "to see how wonderful Yahweh is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to meditate in his temple + +Possible meanings are 1) "to ask God what he wants me to do" or 2) "to think carefully about God in his temple." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/005.md b/psa/027/005.md index d7f3896f44..16f431bd5c 100644 --- a/psa/027/005.md +++ b/psa/027/005.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## in the day of trouble ## +# in the day of trouble -AT: "in the time of trouble" or "when I have troubles" +"in times of trouble" or "when I have troubles" -## he will shelter me ## +# he will hide me -"he will hide me" or "he will protect me" +"he will protect me" -## booth ## +# his shelter ... his tent -a temporary shelter +Both of these refer to the tabernacle where the writer is worshiping God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## in the cover of his tent ## +# in the cover of his tent The word "cover" represents something that hides and protects. -## my head will be lifted up ## +# He will lift me high on a rock -This represents pride or honor. AT: "People will honor me" or "I will be proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +God keeping the writer safe from his enemies is spoken of as if God were placing him on a high rock where his enemies cannot reach him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## above my enemies ## +# my head will be lifted up above my enemies -AT: "when I win the fight against my enemies" \ No newline at end of file +This represents the writer receiving pride or honor when he defeats his enemies. It can be stated in active form. AT: "people will honor me when I win the fight against my enemies" or "God will honor me by enabling me to defeat my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/007.md b/psa/027/007.md index ac53048c68..6d72163eff 100644 --- a/psa/027/007.md +++ b/psa/027/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## answer me ## +# Hear, Yahweh, my voice -AT: "answer my prayer" (UDB) or "do what I request of you" +The "voice" often represents a person who speak or calls out. AT: "Yahweh, hear me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## My heart says ## +# answer me -AT: "In my heart I say" or "I say to myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This implies that Yahweh hears the writer's prayer and Yahweh will do what the writer asks. AT: "answer my prayer" or "do what I request of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Seek his face ## +# My heart says -"Seek him" or "Seek Yahweh." This means to worship him. AT: "Worship him." \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" represents a person's mind or thoughts. AT: "In my heart I say" or "I say to myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Seek his face + +A person going to the temple to pray to Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking to find Yahweh. Here "face" represents all of God. AT: "Go and pray to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I seek your face, Yahweh + +A person going to the temple to pray to Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking to find Yahweh. Here "face" represents all of God. AT: "I will come to your temple to pray to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/009.md b/psa/027/009.md index 6e790f4488..f4cf3ff6a5 100644 --- a/psa/027/009.md +++ b/psa/027/009.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Do not hide your face from me ## +# Do not hide your face from me -The face here represents Yahweh's attention. AT: "Do not turn away from me" or "Do not take your attention away from me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The face here represents Yahweh's attention, and hiding the face represents rejecting someone. AT: "Do not reject me" or "Do not stop taking care of me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Do not strike your servant in anger ## +# do not turn your servant away in anger -David said "your servant" to refer to himself in a humble way. AT: "Do not be angry with me and hit me." +David said "your servant" to refer to himself in a humble way. AT: "do not be angry with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## or abandon me ## +# forsake me or abandon me -AT: "and do not abandon me" or "and do not leave me" or "and do not push me away" +The words "forsake" and "abandon" mean the same thing. The writer is emphasizing that he does not want God to leave him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## God of my salvation ## +# or abandon me -AT: God who saves me" or because you are the God who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The words "and do not" are understood. AT: "and do not abandon me" or "and do not leave me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Even if my father and my mother forsake me ## +# God of my salvation -Even if my father and my mother were to forsake me." He is not saying that they actually have done this or that they would do it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as "saves." AT: God who saves me" or "because you are the God who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Yahweh will take me in ## +# Even if my father and my mother forsake me -"Yahweh will keep me" \ No newline at end of file +"Even if my father and my mother were to forsake me." He is not saying that they actually have done this or that they would do it. His point is that even if they did that, God would not abandon him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# Yahweh will take me in + +"Yahweh will keep me" or "Yahweh will take care of me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/011.md b/psa/027/011.md index ef248c5177..8e123143ca 100644 --- a/psa/027/011.md +++ b/psa/027/011.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Teach me your way ## +# Teach me your way -The word "way" here refers to how a person lives. AT: "Teach me how you want me to live" or "Teach me to do what you want me to do" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +How a person should behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path that person should travel. AT: "Teach me how you want me to live" or "Teach me to do what you want me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## have risen up against me ## +# Lead me on a level path -AT: "have stood up in order to speak against me" +Yahweh keeping the writer safe from his enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh leads the writer on a level path where he will not stumble and fall. AT: "Keep me safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they breathe out violence ## +# Do not give me up to the desires of my enemies -AT: "they say that they will do violent things to me" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "desires" can be stated as a verb. AT: "Do not let my enemies do to me what they desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# have risen up against me + +"Risen up" is an idiom meaning that a witness stood in court to present testimony. AT: "have stood up in order to speak against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they breathe out violence + +Here violence is spoken for as if it was something a person could breathe out. AT: "they say that they will do violent things to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/013.md b/psa/027/013.md index 9d35a8fa5d..7e0b535e26 100644 --- a/psa/027/013.md +++ b/psa/027/013.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## What would have happened to me if... ## +# What would have happened to me -Some kind of information like this is implied by the Hebrew text, but versions differ on what they supply. AT: "Something bad would have happened to me if..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This rhetorical question can be stated positively. AT: "Something bad would have happened to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## let your heart be courageous ## +# the goodness of Yahweh -"be courageous" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "goodness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "the good things that Yahweh does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in the land of the living + +This refers to being alive. AT: "while I am alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Wait for Yahweh ... Wait for Yahweh! + +This verse may be 1) the writer speaking to himself or 2) the writer speaking to others or 3) someone speaking to the writer. + +# let your heart be courageous + +Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "be courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Wait for Yahweh! + +This line is repeated at the end of the psalm as a way of ending the psalm. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/027/intro.md b/psa/027/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cfcf3734f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/027/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 027 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 27 is a psalm of praise to God because God keeps the psalmist safe from all his enemies. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +Because of God's help, he has nothing to fear, no matter what happens. The psalmist shows his confidence in God; he also asks God for help. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 27:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../026/intro.md) | [>>](../028/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/028/001.md b/psa/028/001.md index 2d56166983..70780a28ba 100644 --- a/psa/028/001.md +++ b/psa/028/001.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +# A psalm of David -## I cry out ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# I cry out "I call out loudly" -## my Rock ## +# my rock -David called Yahweh "my Rock." A person could climb to the top of a large rock for protection from his enemies. AT: "You are like a rock that keeps me from my enemies" or "my Protector." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a metaphor for strength. AT: "my strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## do not ignore me ## +# do not ignore me "do not be silent to me" or "do not leave me alone" -## respond to me ## +# I will join those who go down to the grave -"answer me" +People who die are spoken of as if they are going down into the grave. AT: "I will die like those who are in the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will join those who go down to the grave ## +# Hear the sound of my pleading -"I will be like those who go down to the grave" or "I will die like those who are in the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "sound" refers to the content of his request. AT: "Hear my strong request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Hear the sound of my pleading ## +# I lift up my hands toward your most holy place -AT: "hear the sound of my strong request" \ No newline at end of file +Lifting up hands is a symbol of worship. The writer is not worshiping the holy place, but Yahweh who lives in the holy place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# your most holy place + +Possible meanings are 1) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there, or 2) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/028/003.md b/psa/028/003.md index facabc862d..a3e23d7cc6 100644 --- a/psa/028/003.md +++ b/psa/028/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,39 @@ -## Give them what their deeds deserve and repay them what their wickedness demands ## +# Do not drag me away -These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +God punishing people is spoken of as if he physically drags them away. In this metaphor Yahweh may be dragging them to prison, exile, or death. AT: "Do not remove me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the work of their hands ## +# who speak peace with their neighbors -This refers to what they have done with their hands. AT: "the things they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "neighbors" refers to people in general. AT: "who speak peacefully with other people" -## render to them their due ## +# but have evil in their hearts -"give them what they deserve" \ No newline at end of file +Here "hearts" represents a person's mind or thoughts. AT: "but are thinking something evil about them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Give them what their deeds deserve ... repay them what their wickedness demands + +These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used together to emphasize that they deserve for God to punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the work of their hands + +Here "hands" represent what the person has done. AT: "the things they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# render to them their due + +"give them what they deserve" + +# Because they do not understand ... never rebuild them + +Possible meanings are 1) David is confident about what God will do to wicked people or 2) David is asking God to destroy the wicked people. + +# they do not understand the deeds of Yahweh + +It is implied that "do not understand" means they ignore or do not honor Yahweh's works. AT: "they do not regard with honor what Yahweh has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the work of his hands + +Here "hands" represents what Yahweh has done or created. AT: "what he has created" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will tear them down and never rebuild them + +The punishment of the wicked people is spoken of as if they were a building or a city that God would destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/028/006.md b/psa/028/006.md index cecd2579e6..97e3a258c2 100644 --- a/psa/028/006.md +++ b/psa/028/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## my shield ## +# he has heard the sound of my pleading -This represents Yahweh's protection over David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "sound" represents what the writer said. AT: "has heard what I said when I pleaded to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he is the saving refuge of his anointed one ## +# Yahweh is my strength -AT: "he saves and gives refuge to his anointed one" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as "strong." AT: "Yahweh makes me strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my shield + +This represents Yahweh's protecting the writer. AT: "he protects me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my heart trusts + +Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I trust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I am helped + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he helps me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# my heart greatly rejoices + +Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I greatly rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Yahweh is the strength of his people + +The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as "strong." AT: "Yahweh makes his people strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# he is the saving refuge of his anointed one + +Yahweh keeping the king safe is spoken of as if Yahweh were a place that the king could go for safety. AT: "he keeps safe the one he appointed to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his anointed one + +The represents the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/028/009.md b/psa/028/009.md index 7038ac7bf5..3ed1589e82 100644 --- a/psa/028/009.md +++ b/psa/028/009.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## your inheritance ## +# your inheritance -This refers to God's people. AT: "your possession" or "those who belong to you" (UDB) +This speaks about the people of God as if they were something God inherited. AT: "your possession" or "those who belong to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## carry them forever ## +# Be their shepherd and carry them forever -"protect them forever" \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd and the people are his sheep. A shepherd would carry a sheep if it needed help or protection. AT: "Be like their shepherd and protect them forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/028/intro.md b/psa/028/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d4bb5c52f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/028/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 028 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 28 is a psalm of prayer to God that he is not be punished along with the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +The psalmist trusted God completely and God rescued him. This is similar to psalm 7 and 17 because it is an individual lament psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 28:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../027/intro.md) | [>>](../029/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/029/001.md b/psa/029/001.md index 310ab292b3..1bc616fdde 100644 --- a/psa/029/001.md +++ b/psa/029/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +# A psalm of David -## sons of the mighty ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -AT: "mighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# you sons of God -## that his name deserves ## +The phrase "sons of" is a way of saying "having the characteristics of." AT: "you mighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -The phrase "his name" refers to Yahweh or his reputation. AT: "as he deserves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]} +# ascribe to Yahweh glory and strength -## that is suitable ## +The abstract nouns "glory" and "strength" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "praise Yahweh because he is glorious and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"that is right" \ No newline at end of file +# Ascribe to Yahweh the glory his name deserves + +The abstract noun "glory" can be stated as a verb or adjective. AT: "Honor Yahweh just as his name deserves" or "Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his name deserves + +The phrase "his name" refers to Yahweh or his reputation. AT: "as is proper because of who he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Bow down to Yahweh + +The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. AT: "Bow down to worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# in the splendor of holiness + +The abstract nouns "splendor" and "holiness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "because he is gloriously beautiful and holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/029/003.md b/psa/029/003.md index ab460feed4..52e9ce4d2b 100644 --- a/psa/029/003.md +++ b/psa/029/003.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The psalm shows Yahweh's power and glory. -## The voice of Yahweh is heard over the waters ## +# The voice of Yahweh is heard over the waters -"The voice of Yahweh sounds over the waters" or "Yahweh shouts above the waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +God's voice is louder and clearer than all other sounds and noises. It can be heard over other loud sounds such as the sound of the waters. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When Yahweh speaks his voice is louder than the sound of the sea" or "Yahweh shouts louder than the sound of the waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the God of glory thunders ## +# over the waters -AT: "The God of glory rumbles like thunder" or "The voice of the God of glory is loud like thunder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to the seas or the oceans. These waters make a very loud noise as the waves rise and fall. -## over many waters ## +# The voice of Yahweh + +All occurrences of "voice" here represent Yahweh speaking. The writer is emphasizing that when Yahweh speaks, the sound is so loud it is heard over the waters, and it is so powerful it can destroy the largest trees. AT: "When Yahweh speaks, his voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the God of glory thunders + +This speaks about God speaking as if it were the sound of thunder. Just like the sound of thunder, Yahweh's voice can be heard over large distances. AT: "The voice of the glorious God is loud like thunder" or "When the glorious God speaks it rumbles like thunder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# over many waters "over the large bodies of water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/029/006.md b/psa/029/006.md index 41028e1179..3f28b65b9b 100644 --- a/psa/029/006.md +++ b/psa/029/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## He makes Lebanon skip like a calf ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: He makes the land of Lebanon shake like a calf skipping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer continues describing the power of God's voice. -## skip ## +# He makes Lebanon skip like a calf + +Lebanon is spoken of as if it were a young calf. This emphasizes that when Yahweh speaks, the power of his voice shakes the ground. AT: "He makes the land of Lebanon shake like a calf skipping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# skip jump lightly back and forth -## and Sirion like a young ox ## +# Sirion like a young ox -AT: "and he makes Sirion jump like a young ox" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +Sirion is spoken of as if it were a young ox. This emphasizes that when Yahweh speaks, the power of his voice shakes the ground. It may be helpful to add the missing words. AT: "he makes Sirion jump like a young ox" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Sirion ## +# Sirion -This is a mountain in Lebanon. It is also called Mount Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a mountain in Lebanon. It is also called Mount Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# The voice of Yahweh sends out flames of fire + +All occurrences of "voice" here represent Yahweh speaking. AT: "When Yahweh speaks he causes lightning to flash in the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# flames of fire + +This refers to lightning. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/029/009.md b/psa/029/009.md index cc29393038..fad1cd5b49 100644 --- a/psa/029/009.md +++ b/psa/029/009.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## to go into labor ## +# The voice of Yahweh causes -"to be ready to give birth" +Here "voice" represents Yahweh speaking. AT: "When Yahweh speaks, the sound causes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## strips the forests bare ## +# the oaks to twist -"removes everything from the forest" or "uncovers the forest" AT: "strips off the leaves" +"the large trees to shake" -## Yahweh sits as king ## +# strips the forests bare -This means that he rules. AT: "Yahweh rules" or "Yahweh is king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Removing the leaves of the trees is spoken of as if it was removing their clothing. AT: "strips off the leaves from the trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh sits as king + +This means that Yahweh rules. AT: "Yahweh rules" or "Yahweh is king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# over the flood + +Here "flood" refers to waters that cover the earth. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/029/011.md b/psa/029/011.md index 2000b9b410..37be77f01f 100644 --- a/psa/029/011.md +++ b/psa/029/011.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Yahweh blesses his people with peace ## +# Yahweh blesses his people with peace -"Yahweh blesses his people by giving them peace" \ No newline at end of file +The word "peace" is an abstract noun. AT: "Yahweh blesses his people by causing them to prosper and to live peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/029/intro.md b/psa/029/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..476222353c --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/029/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Psalm 029 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 29 is a worship psalm. It tells how Yahweh rules all nature. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's power ##### +God is powerful. All he has to do is to speak in order to control nature. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metonymy ##### + +The voice of the Yahweh stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 29:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../028/intro.md) | [>>](../030/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/030/001.md b/psa/030/001.md index 54cd0743c9..7071a770f9 100644 --- a/psa/030/001.md +++ b/psa/030/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## a song at the dedication of the temple ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This song was sung when the temple was dedicated." +# a song at the dedication of the temple -## A psalm of David ## +"This song was sung when the temple was dedicated" -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +# A psalm of David -## you have brought up my soul from sheol ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -AT: "you have kept my soul from going down to sheol" or "you have kept from from dying" \ No newline at end of file +# you have raised me up + +The writer speaks of God rescuing him and keeping him from dying as if God had drawn him up from a deep well. AT: "you rescued me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# brought up my soul from Sheol + +Since "Sheol" was the place where dead people go, it refers to death. AT: "kept me from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# brought up my soul + +Here "my soul" refers to the writer. AT: "brought me up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# from going down to the grave + +The "grave" represents death. AT: "from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/030/004.md b/psa/030/004.md index 24d736084d..6dd690098a 100644 --- a/psa/030/004.md +++ b/psa/030/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Give thanks when you remember his holiness ## +# Give thanks when you remember his holiness -AT: "Remember God's holiness and thank him" or "Remember what God has done because he is holy and thank him" +The abstract nouns "thanks" and "holiness" can be stated as "thank" and "holy." AT: "Remember that God is holy and thank him" or "Remember what God has done because he is holy and thank him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## his anger is only for a moment ## +# his anger is only for a moment -"his anger lasts only a moment" or "he is angry for only a moment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"his anger lasts only a moment." The abstract noun "anger" can be stated as "angry." AT: "he is angry for only a moment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## a moment ## +# a moment -"a short time" \ No newline at end of file +Here "moment" represents a short amount of time. AT: "a short time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# but his favor is for a lifetime + +The abstract noun "favor" can be stated as the adjective "good." AT: "but he is good to us all of our lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Weeping comes for a night, but joy comes in the morning + +This speaks about "weeping" and "joy" as if they were something that travels and arrives at a certain time. AT: "We may cry during the night, but the next morning we will be joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/030/006.md b/psa/030/006.md index 2e0b9e06d9..9911da86ab 100644 --- a/psa/030/006.md +++ b/psa/030/006.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## in confidence ## +# In confidence -AT: "When I was confident" or "When I felt safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The word "confidence" is an abstract noun. The writer recalls a time when he was prospering and felt confident and safe. AT: "When I was confident" or "When I felt safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## by your favor ## +# I will never be shaken -AT: "you showed me favor" or "you were kind to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The word "shaken" is a metaphor for defeat. AT: "No one will defeat me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you established me as a strong mountain ## +# by your favor -Possible meanings are 1) "you made my mountain stand strong so that I would be safe" or 2) "you made me as strong as a mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The abstract noun "favor" can be stated as the verb "favored" or the adjective "kind." AT: "when you favored me" or "when you were kind to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## when you hid your face ## +# you established me as a strong mountain -"when you turned away from me" +The writer's security is spoken of as if he were a strong mountain. AT: "you made me as secure as a high mountain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I was troubled ## +# when you hid your face + +This is an idiom. AT: "when you stopped helping me" or "when you rejected me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I was troubled "I was fearful" or "I was worried" -## sought favor from my Lord ## +# sought favor from my Lord -AT: "begged you, my Lord, to have favor on me" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "sought favor" means to ask for help. AT: "I pleaded for you to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from my Lord + +The writer is referring to Yahweh in third person. It can be stated in second person. AT: "from you, my Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/030/009.md b/psa/030/009.md index 789976f395..517a986374 100644 --- a/psa/030/009.md +++ b/psa/030/009.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## What advantage is there in my death... the grave? ## +# What advantage ... be my helper -David uses this question to emphasize that there is no advantage in his death. AT: "There is no advantage in my dying and going down to the grave." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be stated as a direct quotation as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## Will the dust praise you? Will it declare your trustworthiness? ## +# What advantage is there in my death, if I go down to the grave? -David uses these questions to emphasize that the dust will not do these things. AT: "The dust will certainly not praise you or declare your trustworthiness." +The writer uses this question to emphasize that he would be of no value to God if he were dead. AT: "There is no advantage in my dying and going down to the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## dust ## +# Will the dust praise you? Will it declare your trustworthiness? -This refers either to dead people or to dust that dead bodies become. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer uses these questions to emphasize that his dead and decayed body cannot praise God. AT: "My dust will certainly not praise you or tell others about how trustworthy you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the dust + +This refers to the body of the writer which will decay and become dust when he is dead. AT: "my decayed body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/030/011.md b/psa/030/011.md index 9a3a5fbe08..460d862a5a 100644 --- a/psa/030/011.md +++ b/psa/030/011.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## You have turned my mourning into dancing ## +# You have turned my mourning into dancing -AT: "You have caused me to stop mourning and to dance instead." People would dance when they were very happy. +It was customary for the Jews to dance when they were very happy. The abstract nouns "mourning" and "dancing" can be stated as verbs. AT: "You have caused me to stop mourning and to dance with joy instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## you have removed my sackcloth ## +# you have removed my sackcloth -AT: "You have caused me to take off the clothes that I wear when I mourn" +Sackcloth was associated with mourning and sorrow. AT: "You have caused me to no longer be sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## clothed me with gladness ## +# clothed me with gladness -Hebrew often speaks of emotions as if they were clothing. AT: "made me glad" or "caused me to put on clothes that show that I am very glad." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The writer speaks of gladness as if it were a garment that he could put on. AT: "caused me to be glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## So now my honored heart will sing praise to you ## +# my glory will sing praise to you -AT: "So now I am honored to sing praise to you" \ No newline at end of file +Here "my glory" refers to the writer's soul or heart or inner being. This represents the entire person of the writer, who worships God because God has made him glad. AT: "I will sing praise to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/030/intro.md b/psa/030/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a44b3c1051 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/030/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 030 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 30 is a psalm of praise and thanksgiving to God. The psalmist was near death but God rescued him. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The psalmist's death ##### +If he had died, it would not have been a help to God. But since God rescued him he can praise God. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 30:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../029/intro.md) | [>>](../031/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/001.md b/psa/031/001.md index 804a1637d2..f7fb07e5a3 100644 --- a/psa/031/001.md +++ b/psa/031/001.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## For the chief musician ## +# General Information: -"This is for the director of music to use in worship." +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## A psalm of David ## +# For the chief musician -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -## never let me be humiliated ## +# A psalm of David -AT: "do not let others humiliate me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## rock of refuge ## +# In you, Yahweh, I take refuge -AT: "like a huge rock on which I can be safe" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "I go to you, Yahweh, for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## be my rock of refuge, a stronghold to save me ## +# never let me be humiliated -The phrase "be my rock of refuge" is a request for protection. A second similar request is provided for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "do not let others humiliate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# be my rock of refuge, a stronghold to save me + +The phrase "be my rock of refuge" is a request for protection. The second phrase emphasizes the first phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# my rock of refuge + +Yahweh is spoke of as if he were a huge rock that would protect the writer from attack. AT: "like a huge rock on which I can be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a stronghold to save me + +Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a strong fortress in which the writer would be protected from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/003.md b/psa/031/003.md index 3cf23d8a82..5c6acbcf17 100644 --- a/psa/031/003.md +++ b/psa/031/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## for your name's sake ## +# my rock -In this phrase "name" represents God. AT: "so that your name may be honored" or AT: "so that I may worship you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh is spoke of as if he were a huge rock that would protect the writer from attack. AT: "like a huge rock on which I can be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## lead and guide me ## +# my fortress -AT: "lead me where you want me to go and always be by my side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a strong fortress in which the writer would be protected from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you are my refuge ## +# for your name's sake -AT: "you always protect me" or "you give me constant protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +In this phrase "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "so that your name may be honored" or "so that I may worship you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# lead and guide me + +The words "lead" and "guide" mean basically the same thing and strengthen the request that Yahweh lead him. AT: "lead me where you want me to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Pluck me out of the net that they have hidden for me + +The writer is spoken of as if he were a bird caught in a hidden net, and waiting for Yahweh to free him from the trap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you are my refuge + +Yahweh is spoken of as if he is a place where the writer can hide from people who are attacking him. AT: "you always protect me" or "you give me constant protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/005.md b/psa/031/005.md index 22f5fe9b5a..80fd5087ae 100644 --- a/psa/031/005.md +++ b/psa/031/005.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Into your hands I entrust my spirit ## +# Into your hands -AT: "so I put myself into your care" (UDB) or "I depend on you to take care of me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +God is spirit, but he is here spoken of as if he has hands. Here "your hands" refers to Yahweh's care. AT: "Into your care" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## God of trustworthiness ## +# I entrust my spirit + +Here "my spirit" refers to the writer. AT: "I place myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# God of trustworthiness "you are a God I can trust" -## I hate those who serve worthless idols ## +# I hate those who serve worthless idols -AT: "Idols are worthless. I hate those who serve them." (See: en:ta:workbench:translate:distinguish-versus-inform) +Here the word "worthless" refers to all idols. This can be clarified in translation. AT: "Idols are worthless. I hate those who serve them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) -## you saw my affliction ... you knew the distress of my soul ## +# I will be glad and rejoice in your covenant faithfulness -Both of these phrases express the idea that God knows about the writer's troubles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "glad" and "rejoice" share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of joy. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "I will be very glad because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you saw my affliction ... you knew the distress of my soul + +Both of these phrases express the idea that God knows about the writer's troubles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the distress of my soul + +Here "my soul" refers to the writer. AT: "my distress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/008.md b/psa/031/008.md index 0bb849a7be..a1503ad8f2 100644 --- a/psa/031/008.md +++ b/psa/031/008.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## You have set my feet in a wide open place ## +# You have set my feet -AT: "You have set me in a place where the enemy cannot capture me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "my feet" refers to the writer. AT: "You have set me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## I am in distress ## +# a wide open place -"I am suffering greatly;" +The Hebrews thought of wide open spaces as a metaphor for safety and freedom. AT: "a place where I am free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my soul and my body ## +# I am in distress -The terms "soul and body" are used to describe the complete person. \ No newline at end of file +"I am suffering greatly" + +# my soul and my body + +The terms "soul" and "body" are used to describe the complete person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/010.md b/psa/031/010.md index 900eac7401..ef2254d2b4 100644 --- a/psa/031/010.md +++ b/psa/031/010.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## For my life is weary with sorrow ## +# For my life is weary -AT: "I have become very weak because I am sorrowful." +Here "my life" refers to the writer. AT: "I have become very weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## My strength fails because of my sin ## +# with sorrow ... with groaning -AT: "I have become weak because of my sin," +"because of my sorrow ... because of my groaning" -## my bones are wasting away ## +# my years with groaning -AT: "my health is failing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The phrase "is weary" is missing, but is implied. AT: "my years are weary with groaning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## people disdain me ## +# My strength fails + +Here "My strength" refers to the writer. AT: "I have become weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my bones are wasting away + +Here "my bones" refers to the physical health of the writer. AT: "my health is failing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# people disdain me "people insult me" -## are appalled at my situation ## +# are appalled at my situation -"are shocked at my situation," \ No newline at end of file +"are shocked at my condition" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/012.md b/psa/031/012.md index efa5cbb5e7..83ce112ffc 100644 --- a/psa/031/012.md +++ b/psa/031/012.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## as a dead man ## +# as a dead man whom no one thinks about -This phrase stresses that the writer has no place among people. He is completely ignored. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +People do not think about dead people. The writer does not think people think about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like a broken pot ## +# like a broken pot -The writer feels that he is useless. +The writer speaks of himself as if he was completely useless. "as useless as a broken pot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## the whispering of many ## +# the whispering of many -AT: "many people talking about me," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +It is implied that "many" refers to people. AT: "many people talking about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## terrifying news from every side ## +# terrifying news from every side -AT: "scary reports from many sources" +"scary reports from many sources" -## take away my life ## +# take away my life -AT: "kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This idiom means to kill someone. AT: "kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/014.md b/psa/031/014.md index 2ed1c7fbab..19863a2910 100644 --- a/psa/031/014.md +++ b/psa/031/014.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## from those who pursue me ## +# My destiny is in your hand -AT: "from those who try to capture me" +Here "your hand" refers to Yahweh's power. AT: "You have the power to decide my future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## My destiny is in your hand ## +# from those who pursue me -AT: "You will decide my future." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"from people who try to capture me" -## Make your face shine on your servant ## +# Make your face shine on your servant -AT: "Treat me kindly;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards him as if Yahweh's face shone a light on him. AT: "Act favorably towards your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# save me in your covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "save me because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/017.md b/psa/031/017.md index 6dfdc9cc55..75b29ad62a 100644 --- a/psa/031/017.md +++ b/psa/031/017.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## let me be humiliated ## +# Do not let me be humiliated -AT: "let others make me feel ashamed," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not let others make me feel ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## May the wicked be humiliated! ## +# May the wicked be humiliated! -AT: "I wish that God would disgrace wicked people!" +"I wish that God would disgrace wicked people!" -## May they be silent in sheol. May lying lips be silenced ## +# the wicked + +This refers to "wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# May they be silent in Sheol. May lying lips be silenced This idea is repeated to emphasize the writer's desire that the voices of the wicked are not heard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## May they be silent in sheol ## +# May they be silent in Sheol -AT: "Let them die" +Here "in Sheol" represents death. AT: "Let them die so they cannot speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## that speak against the righteous defiantly ## +# lying lips -AT: "that say terrible things about righteous people" +These represent lying people. AT: "people who lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## with arrogance and contempt ## +# that speak against the righteous defiantly -These terms have similar meanings. AT: "with a complete lack of respect." \ No newline at end of file +Here "the righteous" refers to people who are righteous. AT: "that say terrible things about righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# with arrogance and contempt + +These terms have similar meanings. AT: "with a complete lack of respect" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/019.md b/psa/031/019.md index 5dad0b5639..aee49fc54e 100644 --- a/psa/031/019.md +++ b/psa/031/019.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## that you have stored up for those who revere you ## +# is your goodness -AT: "that you have provided for those who respect you greatly," +This can be expressed with a verb. AT: "are the good things you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## in the shelter of your presence ... you hide them in a shelter from the violence of tongues ## +# that you have stored up -AT: "You hide people in your presence where they are safe, and you protect them from the ones who criticize them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh's goodness is spoken of as if it was something that could be stored up like a harvest. AT: "that you are keeping ready to use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You hide them in a shelter ## +# those who revere you -AT: "You provide a safe place for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"those who respect you greatly" + +# take refuge in you + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 31:1](./001.md). AT: "those who go to you for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# In the shelter of your presence, you hide them ... You hide them in a shelter + +These phrases both mean that God protects them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# In the shelter + +Yahweh's presence is spoken of as if it is a strong building where the writer would be safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You hide them in a shelter + +Here a "shelter" represents a safe place. AT: "You provide a safe place for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the violence of tongues + +Here "tongues" refer to the people who are speaking violent things against the writer. AT: "where their enemies cannot speak evil at them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/021.md b/psa/031/021.md index e0d1637dbd..2751b4a47b 100644 --- a/psa/031/021.md +++ b/psa/031/021.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## I am cut off from your eyes ## +# he showed me his marvelous covenant faithfulness -AT: "You have removed me from your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "he showed me that he is wonderfully faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## you heard my plea for help ## +# I am cut off from your eyes -"You heard me plead for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You have removed me from your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your eyes + +Here Yahweh is represented by his "eyes." AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you heard my plea for help + +Here "plea" can be expressed with a verb. AT: "you heard me plead for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/023.md b/psa/031/023.md index 02df682cd3..ad1c72d593 100644 --- a/psa/031/023.md +++ b/psa/031/023.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## he pays back the arrogant in full ## +# the faithful -AT: "he gives them all of the punishment that they deserve." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the faithful people. AT: "the people who are faithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# he pays back the arrogant in full + +Here "pay back" is an idiom that refers to punishment. AT: "he gives the proud people all of the punishment that they deserve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/031/intro.md b/psa/031/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c5c9cd5a0d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/031/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 031 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 31 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist's enemies thought they had defeated him, but God protected him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Abandonment ##### +Even though everyone deserted and despised the psalmist, God did not abandon him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 31:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../030/intro.md) | [>>](../032/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/032/001.md b/psa/032/001.md index f447eb228b..90e195abd0 100644 --- a/psa/032/001.md +++ b/psa/032/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## A psalm of David ## +# General Information: -“This is a psalm that David wrote” +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## A maschil ## +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# A maschil This may refer to a style of music. -## whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered ## +# whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered -AT: "who God forgives his transgression and covers his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These phrases have similar meanings. They can be stated in active form. AT: "who God forgives his transgression and covers his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## whose sin is covered ## +# whose sin is covered -AT: "whose sin is ignored" or "whose sin is deliberately forgotten" +Here sin that is forgiven is spoken of as if it were covered so that it can not be seen. AT: "whose sin is ignored" or "whose sin is deliberately forgotten" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to whom Yahweh reckons no guilt ## +# to whom Yahweh reckons no guilt -AT: "whom Yahwey sees as innocent" or "who is not guilty according to Yahweh" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom Yahweh sees as innocent" or "who is not guilty according to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in whose spirit there is no deceit ## +# in whose spirit there is no deceit -AT: "in whom there is not deceit" or "who is completely honest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "spirit" refers to the person. AT: "in whom there is not deceit" or "who is completely honest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/032/003.md b/psa/032/003.md index 972501a0be..35552ae552 100644 --- a/psa/032/003.md +++ b/psa/032/003.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## my bones were wasting away ## +# my bones were wasting away -AT: "I was wasting away" or "I was getting weaker" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "my bones" refers to the writer. AT: "I was wasting away" or "I was getting weaker" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## all day long ## +# all day long -AT: "continually" or "all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom means "continually." AT: "all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## day and night ## +# day and night -AT: "all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +These extremes include everything in between. AT: "all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## your hand was heavy upon me ## +# your hand was heavy upon me -AT: "you made me suffer heavily" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "hand" refers to Yahweh. The entire phrase is an idiom that means "you afflicted me." AT: "you made me suffer greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## My strength withered as in summer drought ## +# My strength withered as in summer drought -David's strength is compared to a small, green plants that turns brown and crumbles in the dry season. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +David's strength is compared to a small, green plant that turns brown and crumbles in the dry season. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Selah ## +# Selah -See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:1](../003/001.md). \ No newline at end of file +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/032/005.md b/psa/032/005.md index 6f2d861d85..331ce66572 100644 --- a/psa/032/005.md +++ b/psa/032/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Selah ## +# Selah -See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:1](../003/001.md). +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -## at a time of great distress ## +# at a time of great distress -AT: "when they are in great trouble." Other translations may read "while you may be found." +"when they are in great trouble." -## Then when the surging waters overflow, they will not reach those people ## +# Then when the surging waters overflow, they will not reach those people -The waters are a metaphor for difficulties. AT: "Then when difficulties come like a flood of water, they will be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Difficulties are spoken of as if they were a flood of water. AT: "Then when difficulties come like a flood of water, those people will be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/032/007.md b/psa/032/007.md index 76ce77cfe5..87c9f39e64 100644 --- a/psa/032/007.md +++ b/psa/032/007.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## You are my hiding place ## +# You are my hiding place -AT: "You are like a place where I can hide myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh is spoken of as if he was a safe place from the attacks of the writer's enemies. AT: "You are like a place where I can hide myself from my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You will surround me with the songs of victory ## +# You will surround me with the songs of victory -AT: "Because of you I will sing songs of victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This metaphor apparently means that Yahweh's protection of the writer is the cause for songs of victory to be sung. AT: "Because of you I will sing songs of victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Selah ## +# Selah -See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:1](../003/001.md). +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -## I will instruct you and teach you ## +# I will instruct you and teach you in the way -These two verbs have the same meaning and are repeated to emphasize how important these lessons are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "instruct" and "teach" mean basically the same thing and emphasize careful instruction. AT: "I will teach you everything about the way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## I will instruct ## +# I will instruct Here the "I" is probably Yahweh who talks directly to David. -## in the way which you should go ## +# in the way which you should go -AT: "how you should live your life" +Living in the correct way is spoken of as if it were a path that the writer should walk. AT: "how you should live your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## with my eye upon you ## +# with my eye upon you -AT: "and direct my attention to you" or "and watch over you" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "my eye" refers to Yahweh's attention. AT: "and direct my attention to you" or "and watch over you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/032/009.md b/psa/032/009.md index c50b0a6977..290872e45a 100644 --- a/psa/032/009.md +++ b/psa/032/009.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## Do not be like a horse or like a mule, which have no understanding ## +# Do not be like a horse ... no understanding -A person whith no understanding is compared to farm animals, and David is told not to be like them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer compares people with no understanding to horses and mules. Possible meanings are 1) the writer is speaking Yahweh's words to his readers, "You all must not be like a horse ... no understanding" or 2) Yahweh is speaking to the writer as though to a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Do not be like ## +# bridle and bit -The implied audience is plural. AT: "You all must not be like" +Two tools that are used by people to guide horses and mules go where the rider wants them to go. -## bridle and bit ## +# where you want them to -Two tools that are used by people to make horses and mules do their work. +"where anyone wants them to go." The "you" here is singular and refers to no one in particular. -## where you want them to ## +# Yahweh's covenant faithfulness will surround the one who trusts in him -The "you" here is singular. - -## will surround ## - -AT: "will always be near to" or "will guide" or "will protect" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh being faithful to a person and protecting that person is spoken of as if Yahweh's covenant faithfulness surrounded the person. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant, he will protect the one who trusts in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/032/011.md b/psa/032/011.md index 9061040e36..11aae30980 100644 --- a/psa/032/011.md +++ b/psa/032/011.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Be glad in Yahweh ## +# Be glad in Yahweh -AT: "Be glad becaus of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "in Yahweh" refers to what Yahweh has done for them. "Be glad because of what Yahweh has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## shout for joy ## +# you righteous -AT: "shout joyfully" +This refers to people. AT: "you righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## who are upright in heart ## +# shout for joy -AT: "who are upright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"shout joyfully" or "shout because of joy" + +# who are upright in heart + +Here "heart" refers to the person. AT: "people who are upright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/032/intro.md b/psa/032/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..145daa1233 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/032/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 032 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 32 is a psalm of confession of sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Confession of sin ##### +This psalm tells of the sorrow of unconfessed sin; it also tells of the blessing of confession and of receiving God's forgiveness. It is such a blessing when God forgives sin. Trouble comes when sin is hidden and not confessed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 32:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../031/intro.md) | [>>](../033/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/001.md b/psa/033/001.md index b421b7d9b7..16f0bd7bf2 100644 --- a/psa/033/001.md +++ b/psa/033/001.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## Rejoice in Yahweh ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "Rejoice because of Yahweh" +# Rejoice in Yahweh -## praise is appropriate for the upright ## +Here "in Yahweh" refers to what Yahweh has done for them. "Rejoice because of what Yahweh has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "to praise Yahweh is appropriate for upright people" \ No newline at end of file +# praise is appropriate for the upright + +"to praise Yahweh is appropriate for upright people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/004.md b/psa/033/004.md index 2cc06f8313..b0229b2317 100644 --- a/psa/033/004.md +++ b/psa/033/004.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## He loves righteousness and justice ## +# General Information: -AT: "He loves doing what is right and just" or "He loves those who do what is right and just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## The earth is full of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness ## +# Yahweh's word is upright -AT: "Yahweh's covenant faithfulness can be experienced all over the world" or "The earth exists because of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness" +Here "upright" is used as a metaphor for something that is true. AT: "Yahweh always does what he says that he will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## By the word of Yahweh the heavens were made ## +# He loves righteousness and justice -AT: "By using his word, Yahweh made the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These abstract nouns can be stated as actions. AT: "He loves doing what is right and just" or "He loves those who do what is right and just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## by the breath of his mouth ## +# The earth is full of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness -AT: "by speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +People everywhere in the world being able to see evidence of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if his covenant faithfulness filled the earth. The abstract noun "covenant faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "People everywhere on earth can see that Yahweh is faithful to his covenant" or "Throughout the earth, there is evidence that Yahweh is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# By the word of Yahweh the heavens were made + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "By using his word, Yahweh made the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by the breath of his mouth + +This refers to Yahweh's word. AT: "by his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/007.md b/psa/033/007.md index ac34c4794b..4bea358eb3 100644 --- a/psa/033/007.md +++ b/psa/033/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## like a heap ## +# General Information: -"like a dam." The writer describes the creation of the sea as if God put all the waters on one heap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## he puts the oceans in storehouses ## +# like a heap -The writer describes the creation of the oceans as if God put them in a storehouse AT: "he puts the oceans in their place, just like a man puts grain in a storehouse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"like behind a dam." The writer describes the creation of the sea as if God piles up all the waters together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Let the whole earth ## +# he puts the oceans in storehouses -AT: "Let everyone on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer describes the creation of the oceans as if God put them in a storehouse. AT: "he puts the oceans in their place, just like a man puts grain in a storehouse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let the whole earth + +This refers to the people on the earth. AT: "Let everyone on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# stand in awe of him + +Here "stand in awe" is an idiom that means "be in awe." AT: "honor him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# stood in place + +Here "stood in place" is an idiom that means "was created." AT: "started to exist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/010.md b/psa/033/010.md index 2ea0141580..d56a6ff4bf 100644 --- a/psa/033/010.md +++ b/psa/033/010.md @@ -1,27 +1,47 @@ -## Yahweh frustrates ## +# General Information: + +Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Yahweh frustrates "Yahweh destroys" or "Yahweh breaks" -## alliances ## +# the alliances of nations + +Here "nations" refers to the people of these nations. AT: "the alliances of the people of different nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# alliances An alliance is an agreement between two or more nations to support each other in a war against a common enemy. -## the plans of the peoples ## +# the plans of the peoples "the intentions of the peoples" AT: "the evil plans of the peoples" -## the plans of his heart for all generations ## +# stand forever -AT: "the plans of his heart stand for all generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +Here "stand" is an idiom that means "endure." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the plans of his heart ## +# the plans of his heart for all generations -AT: "his plans" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The missing term "stand" is implied. AT: "the plans of his heart stand for all generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## for all generations ## +# the plans of his heart -AT: "for all future generations" or "forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "his heart" refers to Yahweh. AT: "his plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## whose God is Yahweh ## +# for all generations -AT: "for whom only Yahweh is God" or "who only worship Yahweh as God" \ No newline at end of file +"for all future generations." This is an idiom that means "forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Blessed is the nation + +Here "the nation" refers to the people of the nation. AT: "Blessed are the people of the nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whose God is Yahweh + +"who worship Yahweh as God" + +# as his own inheritance + +The people Yahweh has chosen to worship him are described here as if they were an inheritance that he has received. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/013.md b/psa/033/013.md index ee5c88b701..861fbf35c8 100644 --- a/psa/033/013.md +++ b/psa/033/013.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## shapes the hearts of them all ## +# he looks down -AT: "is the creator of all their hearts" or "forms them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The place where Yahweh lives is spoken of as if it is above the earth where people live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# shapes the hearts of them all + +Here "hearts" refers to the thinking of these people. The writer speaks of Yahweh guiding the thinking of the people as if he were a potter who was shaping a bowl. AT: "guides their thinking as a potter shapes a bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/016.md b/psa/033/016.md index bcc63172b8..30fb556ed6 100644 --- a/psa/033/016.md +++ b/psa/033/016.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## No king is saved by a vast army ## +# No king is saved by a vast army -"There is no king who is saved by a great army" AT: "Kings are not saved by their great strength" +This could be stated in active form. AT: "A large army is not what saves a king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## A horse is false security ## +# A horse is false security -The horse stands for the strongest part of the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "a horse" represents the strongest part of the army. AT: "Having an army with strong horses does not provide security" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/018.md b/psa/033/018.md index 8316f23793..6c453ced04 100644 --- a/psa/033/018.md +++ b/psa/033/018.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## See ## +# See -This word functions to show that a new theme begins in the Psalm. AT: "Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +This word shows that a new theme begins in this Psalm. AT: "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" -## Yahweh's eye ## +# Yahweh's eye -AT: "Yahweh's attention" or "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "eye" refers to Yahweh's attention. AT: "Yahweh's attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## who count on ## +# those who count on his covenant faithfulness -"who wait for" or "who hope for" +The idiom to "count on" means to "wait for" or to "expect." The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adverb. AT: "those who expect him to act faithfully because of his covenant" or "those who wait for him to act because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## to deliver their lives from death ## +# to deliver their lives from death -AT: "to keep them from dying" or "to protect them from danger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "their lives" refers to the people. AT: "to keep them from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/020.md b/psa/033/020.md index 2d7831be5e..e1f4759b88 100644 --- a/psa/033/020.md +++ b/psa/033/020.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## We wait for Yahweh ## +# We wait for Yahweh -AT: "We trust in Yahweh" (UDB) or "We hope in Yahweh" +Here "wait" is an idiom that refers to trust. AT: "We trust in Yahweh" or "We hope in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he is our help and our shield ## +# he is our help and our shield -AT: "he is our helper and protects us like a shield" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here Yahweh is spoken of as if he is a shield that protects soldiers in battle. AT: "he is our helper and protects us like a shield" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Our hearts rejoice ## +# Our hearts rejoice -AT: "We rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "hearts" refer to the people. AT: "We rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## in his holy name ## +# in his holy name -AT: "in his holy character" or "in him" or "him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "holy name" refers to Yahweh's holy character. AT: "in his holy character" or "in him because he is holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/022.md b/psa/033/022.md index 99e2d4477c..797aa26889 100644 --- a/psa/033/022.md +++ b/psa/033/022.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## be with us ## +# Let your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, be with us -AT: "work for our good" or "help us" or "protect us" +Yahweh acting faithfully towards the people is spoken of as if Yahweh's covenant faithfulness were with them. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adverb. AT: "May you always act faithfully towards us because of your covenant, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## as we put our hope in you ## +# as we put our hope in you -AT: "as we put our trust in you" or "as we hope for your help" \ No newline at end of file +"as we hope for your help" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/033/intro.md b/psa/033/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c38bbc931b --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/033/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 033 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 33 is a worship song. It tells how great God is. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's power ##### +God is the creator and also the God of his people, Israel. Whatever he plans works out. He alone provides safety in battle. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 33:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../032/intro.md) | [>>](../034/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/001.md b/psa/034/001.md index 4ce12f5592..b3a23afbb0 100644 --- a/psa/034/001.md +++ b/psa/034/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +# A psalm of David -## pretended to be insane ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -AT: "acted like a crazy person" +# pretended to be insane -## before Abimelech ## +"acted like a crazy person" -AT: "when he was in Abimelech's house" or "when he was Abimelech's prisoner" +# before Abimelech -## drove him out ## +This refers to a specific historical event that the Hebrews knew well. AT: "when he was in Abimelech's house" or "when he was Abimelech's prisoner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "forcefully sent him away" +# drove him out -## his praise will always be in my mouth ## +"forcefully sent him away" -AT: "his praise will aways be in my speech" or "I will always praise him out loud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# his praise will always be in my mouth + +Here "in my mouth" refers to David speaking about Yahweh. AT: "I will always praise him out loud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/002.md b/psa/034/002.md index 43cd49dab8..62fe1623e8 100644 --- a/psa/034/002.md +++ b/psa/034/002.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Praise Yahweh with me ## +# the oppressed + +This refers to people who are oppressed. AT: "the oppressed people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Praise Yahweh with me The verb "praise" is a command to a group. AT: "Everyone should praise Yahweh with me" -## let us lift up ## +# lift up his name -"let us exalt" AT: "let us describe as great" +Here "lift up" is an idiom that refers to exalting Yahweh. AT: "tell people how great he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## his name ## +# his name -AT: "his character" or "him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "his name" refers to Yahweh's character. AT: "his character" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/004.md b/psa/034/004.md index 2a8b373aa0..4bb3df686a 100644 --- a/psa/034/004.md +++ b/psa/034/004.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## I sought Yahweh ## +# I sought Yahweh -This does not mean that Yahweh was lost. AT: "I prayed to Yahweh" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "sought Yahweh" means David was asking Yahweh for help. AT: "I prayed to Yahweh" or "I asked Yahweh for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Those who look to him ## +# Those who look to him -AT: "Those who look at him for help" or "those who expect help only from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "look to" represents seeking help from him. AT: "Those who look at him for help" or "those who expect help only from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## are radiant ## +# are radiant -"shine" AT: "are joyful" (UDB) +This idiom refers to their appearance as being joyful. AT: "are joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and their faces are not ashamed ## +# their faces are not ashamed -AT: "and they are not ashamed" or "and their faces are bold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Here "their faces" refers to the people who look to Yahweh. It can also be stated in positive form. AT: "they are not ashamed" or "they are proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## This oppressed man ## +# This oppressed man David describes himself as an oppressed man. AT: "I was oppressed and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Yahweh heard him ## +# Yahweh heard him -AT: "Yahweh heard me" or "Yahweh helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "heard" means that Yahweh helped him. AT: "Yahweh heard me" or "Yahweh helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/007.md b/psa/034/007.md index fc4e303fb4..dbc5a45b9e 100644 --- a/psa/034/007.md +++ b/psa/034/007.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Taste and see that Yahweh is good ## +# camps around -Yahweh's goodness cannot be literally tasted and seen. AT: "Try and experience that Yahweh is good" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The angel of Yahweh is spoken of as if he were an army that camps around someone in order to protect them. AT: "guards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## there is no lack for those who fear him ## +# Taste and see that Yahweh is good -AT: "those who fear him will always have what they need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh's goodness is spoken of as something that can be tasted and seen. AT: "Try and experience that Yahweh is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# takes refuge + +Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a place where people can hide for protection from their enemies. AT: "trust him to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# There is no lack for those who fear him + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Those who fear him will always have what they need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/010.md b/psa/034/010.md index d1560f0a06..47a3999923 100644 --- a/psa/034/010.md +++ b/psa/034/010.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## will not lack anything good ## +# will not lack anything good -AT: "will always have the good things they need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "will always have the good things they need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# sons + +Here this does not refer to literal sons of the writer, but to the people he is teaching about Yahweh. AT: "my students" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/012.md b/psa/034/012.md index b101c82a11..87f00bf0f1 100644 --- a/psa/034/012.md +++ b/psa/034/012.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## What man desires life and desires to live many days and have a good life? ## +# What man is there who desires life and loves many days, that he may see good? -The implicit answer to this question is "every man." AT: "Every man desires life and desires to live many days and have a good life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The implicit answer to this question is "every man." This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Every man desires life and desires to live many days and have a good life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Then keep from speaking evil ## +# keep your tongue from evil ... keep your lips from speaking lies -AT: "Therefore, keep from speaking evil" +These two phrases refer to the same thing and it is said in different ways to emphasize its importance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## keep your lips from speaking lies ## +# Then keep your tongue from evil -AT: "keep yourself from speaking lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "tongue" refers to the whole person. AT: "Therefore, do not speak evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# keep your lips from speaking lies + +Here "lips" refers to the person speaking. AT: "do not speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Turn away from evil + +Here "Turn away" is a metaphor for avoiding evil. AT: "Refuse to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Seek peace + +Here "seek" means to be concerned about peace. AT: "Try hard to live in peace with other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/015.md b/psa/034/015.md index a4d88372cd..cd3b7ca336 100644 --- a/psa/034/015.md +++ b/psa/034/015.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## The eyes of Yahweh are on the righteous ## +# The eyes of Yahweh are on the righteous -AT: "Yahweh watches over the righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "the eyes of Yahweh" refer to his careful watching. "The righteous" is a reference to righteous people. AT: "Yahweh carefully watches over the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## his ears are directed toward their cry ## +# his ears are directed toward their cry -AT: "he directs his attention toward their cry" or "he pays attention to their cry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here Yahweh is represented by his "ears." To be directed toward something means to pay attention to it. AT: "he pays attention to their cry" or "he answers their cry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## in order to wipe out their memory from the earth ## +# to cut off the memory of them from the earth -AT: "so that when they are dead, people will forget them completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh will cause people to so completely forget them when they die that it is as if he used a knife to cut off any memory of them. AT: "so that when they are dead, people will forget them completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and Yahweh hears ## +# Yahweh hears -AT: "and Yahweh pays attention to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hears" means that Yahweh desires to respond to them. AT: "Yahweh pays attention to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/018.md b/psa/034/018.md index 16952de3ba..d393401435 100644 --- a/psa/034/018.md +++ b/psa/034/018.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Yahweh is near the brokenhearted ## +# Yahweh is close -AT: "Yahweh comforts those who are very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "is close" means "ready to help." AT: "Yahweh is always ready to help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## those with a crushed spirit ## +# the brokenhearted -AT: "those who feel like they are completely crushed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This is a nominal adjective that refers to people who are brokenhearted. Deep sadness is spoken of as if the person's heart is broken. AT: "people who are very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## He protects all his bones; not one of them will be broken ## +# those who are crushed in spirit -AT: "He provides complete protection for him; he will not be harmed in any way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +People who are deeply discouraged are spoken of as if their spirits are crushed. AT: "people who are deeply discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the righteous + +This refers to people who are righteous. AT: "the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# He keeps all his bones, not one of them will be broken + +Here "all his bones" is literal, but it also implies that Yahweh takes care of the entire person. AT: "He provides complete protection for him, he will not be harmed in any way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/021.md b/psa/034/021.md index 3df679868e..5c012848f8 100644 --- a/psa/034/021.md +++ b/psa/034/021.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Evil will kill the wicked ## +# Evil will kill the wicked -Evil is described as if it were a man who can kill people. AT: "Evil people will be killed because of their own wicked deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Evil is described as if it were a man who can kill people. AT: "The evil deeds of wicked people will kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## none of those who take refuge in him will be condemned ## +# the wicked -AT: "everyone who takes refuge in him will be forgiven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Those who hate the righteous will be condemned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will condemn those who hate the righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the righteous + +This refers to righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# None of those who take refuge in him will be condemned + +This can be stated in active form. It can also be stated in positive form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive everyone who takes refuge in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# take refuge in him + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to him for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/034/intro.md b/psa/034/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..515812dd19 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/034/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 034 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 34 is a teaching psalm and includes thanksgiving. It teaches that living right leads to a good life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) + +The psalm does not relate directly to the superscription given about Abimelech. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +Good people can have problems, but God brings them through these. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 34:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../033/intro.md) | [>>](../035/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/001.md b/psa/035/001.md index 114bd76cd9..b47aadfdde 100644 --- a/psa/035/001.md +++ b/psa/035/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +# A psalm of David -## Grab your small shield and ... your spear and battle axe ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# Grab your small shield and large shield ... your spear and battle ax These phrases describe God as a warrior who is preparing himself for battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## say to my soul ## +# small shield and large shield -AT: "say to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +these are defensive weapons -## I am your salvation ## +# spear and battle ax -AT: "I am your savior" or "I will save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +these are offensive weapons + +# those who chase me + +Possible meanings are 1) these enemies are literally chasing the writer or 2) this is a metaphor for people who are enemies of the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# say to my soul + +This refers to the writer. AT: "say to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I am your salvation + +This can be stated without the abstract noun. AT: "I am your savior" or "I will save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/004.md b/psa/035/004.md index fc1ed08788..2882143933 100644 --- a/psa/035/004.md +++ b/psa/035/004.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## May those who seek my life be shamed and dishonored ## +# May those who seek my life be shamed and dishonored -AT: "May Yahweh shame and dishonor those who seek my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh shame and dishonor those who seek my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## May ## +# May -AT: "I wish that" +"I wish that" -## who seek my life ## +# who seek my life -AT: "who are trying to kill me" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "seek my life" means they desire to kill the writer. The writer is represented by his "life." AT: "who are trying to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## May those who plan to harm me be turned back and confounded ## +# May those who plan to harm me be turned back and confounded -AT: "May Yahweh turn back and confound those who plan to harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh turn back and confound those who plan to harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## confounded ## +# be turned back + +"be turned back" is a metaphor for being unable to accomplish their goal. AT: "be unsuccessful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# confounded "confused" or "perplexed" -## as chaff before the wind ## +# as chaff before the wind -David's enemies are compared to chaff that is blown away. AT: "blown away by the wind like chaff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer's enemies are spoken of as if they are chaff that is easily blown away. AT: "blown away by the wind like chaff" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## their way be dark and slippery ## +# their way -AT: "may their life be dark and slippery" or "may their way be hidden and full of dangers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "their way" refers to their lives. AT: "their lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# dark and slippery + +This refers to a way that is hidden and dangerous. AT: "hidden and full of dangers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# chases them + +This refers to the angel of Yahweh being opposed to the writer's enemies. AT: "works against them" or "opposes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/007.md b/psa/035/007.md index f1636034ab..a6d6d059d5 100644 --- a/psa/035/007.md +++ b/psa/035/007.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## they set their net for me ## +# they set their net for me -AT: "they want to catch me in a net like a small animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a net that they set to catch the writer. AT: "they want to catch me in a net like a small animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they dug a pit for my life ## +# they dug a pit for my life -AT: "they wanted to capture me in a pit like a big animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a pit that they dug to catch the writer. AT: "they wanted to capture me in a pit like a big animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my life ## +# my life -AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the writer. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Let destruction overtake them by surprise ## +# Let destruction overtake them by surprise -AT: "Let them be destroyed by surprise" or "Let them be surprised because you destroy them suddenly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Destruction is spoken of as if it was a dangerous animal that would suddenly attack them. AT: "Let them be destroyed suddenly" or "Let them be surprised because you destroy them suddenly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the net that they have set ## +# the net that they have set -AT: "the net that they have set for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a net that they place to catch the writer. AT: "the net that they placed in order to capture me like an animal and harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Let them fall into it ## +# Let them fall into it -AT: "let them fall into the pit that they dug for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This is the same metaphor as in verse 7. The net is intended to catch the writer. AT: "Let them fall into the pit that they dug for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to their destruction ## +# fall into it -AT: "so that they will be destroyed" or "that is how you should destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) fall into the pit of verse 7 or 2) fall into destruction. + +# to their destruction + +The abstract noun "destruction" can be stated as a verb. AT: "so that they will be destroyed" or "that is how you should destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/009.md b/psa/035/009.md index 49f8d77fb7..d5384c70f9 100644 --- a/psa/035/009.md +++ b/psa/035/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## in his salvation ## +# in his salvation -AT: "in the salvation that he brings" or "because you save me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "because you save me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## With all my strength ## +# All my bones -AT: "With all my efford" +Here "bones" refers to the deepest inner being of a person. AT: "My whole inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Yahweh, who is like you ... those who try to rob them ## +# Yahweh, who is like you ... those who try to rob them? -The implicit answer to this question is that no one is like Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh, there is no one like you ... those who try to rob them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The implicit answer to this question is that no one is like Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh, there is no one like you ... those who try to rob them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## the poor and needy ## +# the poor and needy -these two words basically mean the same thing and are repeated to empahsize that Yahweh saves many who needs his help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "poor" and "needy" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh saves many who need his help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/011.md b/psa/035/011.md index 1d740548ae..7880a5cf6e 100644 --- a/psa/035/011.md +++ b/psa/035/011.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## witnesses rise up ## +# rise up -AT: "people volunteer to give a testimony" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This means they testify in a trial. AT: "volunteer to give a testimony" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I am sorrowful ## +# They repay me evil for good -AT: "I am extremely sad" \ No newline at end of file +This is a metaphor which means they give back evil in exchange for the good they have received. AT: "In return for my doing good things for them, they do evil things to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# evil ... good + +These abstract nouns can be stated in other forms. AT: "evil things ... good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I am sorrowful + +"I am extremely sad" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/013.md b/psa/035/013.md index c12a96a0de..de5744eeb2 100644 --- a/psa/035/013.md +++ b/psa/035/013.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## when they were sick ## +# when they were sick -the word "they" refers to the unrighteous witnesses from the previous chunk. +The word "they" refers to the "unrighteous witnesses" ([Psalms 35:11](./011.md)). -## with my head bowed on my chest ## +# I wore sackcloth -AT: "with my head bent down and my chin on my chest" +"I showed that I was sad" -## in grief as for my brother ## +# with my head bowed on my chest -AT: "grieving as if my own brother was ill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This was a symbol of prayer. "with my head bent down in prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## I bent down in mourning as for my mother ## +# in grief as for my brother -AT: "I mourned for them as if my own mother had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer was as sad as if his own brother had died. AT: "grieving as if my own brother was ill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I bent down in mourning as for my mother + +The writer mourned as if his own mother had died. AT: "I mourned as if my own mother had died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I bent down + +This was a symbol of pain and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/015.md b/psa/035/015.md index 6bfe4756cb..b7105dca8b 100644 --- a/psa/035/015.md +++ b/psa/035/015.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## gathered together ## +# gathered together -AT: "assembled together" or "came together" +"assembled together" or "came together" -## against me ## +# against me -AT: "to make plans against me" or "to plan my destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This means they came together for the purpose of attacking the writer. AT: "to make plans against me" or "to plan my destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## They tore at me ## +# They tore at me -Here David is compared to a piece of cloth that is torn to pieces. AT: "They were destroying me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the treated the writer as if he were a piece of cloth that they could tear to pieces. AT: "They attacked me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## With no respect at all ## +# With no respect at all they mocked me -Some translations may read: "Worthless people" +"With the worthless people they ridiculed me" or 2) "Without respect they made fun of me" -## they gnashed at me with their teeth ## +# they gnashed at me with their teeth -This is a sign of anger and hate. \ No newline at end of file +This is a sign of anger and hate. "they made grinding noises with their teeth at me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/017.md b/psa/035/017.md index c65ae07b9b..a39c64c0e7 100644 --- a/psa/035/017.md +++ b/psa/035/017.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## how long will you look on ## +# how long will you look on? -This is an exclamation, asking God to stop looking on. AT: "please stop just looking at me" or "please help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This rhetorical question indicates that the writer wants God to stop simply looking on and to start to help him. AT: "how long will you only watch them doing this?" or "when will you help me?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Rescue my soul ## +# Rescue my soul -AT: "Rescue me" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "soul" refers to the writer. AT: "Rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## my life from the lions ## +# my life from the lions -AT: "save my life from the lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The word "save" is implied. AT: "save my life from the lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## my life ## +# my life -AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This refers to the writer. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## from the lions ## +# from the lions -AT: "from my enemies who attack me like wild animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the writer speaks of his enemies as if they were vicious lions. AT: "from my enemies who attack me like wild animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/019.md b/psa/035/019.md index 37043ceec0..4b1f78af07 100644 --- a/psa/035/019.md +++ b/psa/035/019.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## my deceitful enemies rejoice over me ## +# Do not let my deceitful enemies -AT: "my enemies, who are deceitful, rejoice over me" +"Do not let my enemies, who tell lies about me," -## their wicked schemes ## +# their wicked schemes -AT: "their evil plans" +"their evil plans" -## they do not speak peace ## +# they do not speak peace -AT: "they do not try to make peace" +The abstract noun "peace" can be stated as "peacefully." AT: "they do not speak peacefully to people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## devise deceitful words ## +# devise deceitful words -AT: "plan to tell lies" +"look for ways to tell lies" -## those in our land who live in peace ## +# those in our land who live in peace -AT: "those who live peacefully in our land" \ No newline at end of file +"those who live peacefully in our land" + +# live in peace + +The abstract noun "peace" can be stated in other forms. AT: "live peacefully with others" or "do no harm to anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/021.md b/psa/035/021.md index e1c1b370c5..1462e38d8f 100644 --- a/psa/035/021.md +++ b/psa/035/021.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## They open their mouths wide against me ## +# They open their mouths wide against me -AT: "They loudly make fun of me" +The reason they open their mouths is to accuse the writer. AT: "They shout at me in order to accuse me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## our eyes have seen it ## +# Aha, Aha -AT: "we have seen it" or "we have seen your suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This is an exclamation that is used when something is suddenly seen or understood. It emphasizes the statement that follows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## do not be silent ## +# our eyes have seen it -AT: "do not ignore it" or "do something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Here "our eyes" refers to the enemies' eyes. It is implied that they are saying they saw the writer do something wrong. AT: "we have seen it" or "we saw the wrong things that you did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## do not be far from me ## +# You have seen it -AT: "be very close to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Here "it" refers to the false accusations of the writer's enemies. AT: "You have seen how they falsely accused me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Arouse yourself and awake ## +# do not be silent -This does not mean that God is actually asleep. Both words also mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the ugency of this request. AT: "I feel like you are sleeping! Wake up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"do not ignore what they did" This can be stated in positive form. AT: "judge them because of what they did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## to my defense ## +# do not be far from me -AT: "to defend me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "be very close to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## my cause ## +# Arouse yourself and awake -AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This does not mean that God is actually asleep. The writer wants God to intervene. Both words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the urgency of this request. AT: "I feel like you are sleeping! Wake up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# to my defense + +This abstract noun "defense" can be stated as "defend." AT: "to defend me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my cause + +This refers to the writer. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/024.md b/psa/035/024.md index 68cae06946..cc7015a364 100644 --- a/psa/035/024.md +++ b/psa/035/024.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## rojoice over me ## +# do not let them rejoice over me -AT: "be glad because I am suffering" +"do not let them be glad because I am suffering" -## in their heart ## +# say in their heart -AT: "to themselves" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This is an idiom that means to say to oneself. AT: "say to themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Aha, we have what we wanted ## +# Aha -AT: "Yes! we have destroyed him, just like we wanted" +This is an exclamation that is used when something is suddenly seen or understood. It emphasizes what follows. AT: "Yes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## We have devoured him ## +# we have what we wanted -"We have swallowed him up" or "We have destroyed him" +It is implied that the writer's enemies wanted him to be declared guilty. AT: "he has been declared guilty just as we desired!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## confound ## +# We have devoured him + +The writer's enemies speak of his destruction as if they were wild animals who had eaten him. AT: "We have swallowed him up" or "We have destroyed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# confound "humiliate" or "perplex" -## May those who taunt me be covered with shame and dishonor ## +# May those who taunt me be covered with shame and dishonor -AT: "May you cover those who taunt me with shame and dishonor" or "May those who taunt me be shamed and dishonored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May you cover with shame and dishonor those who taunt me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## taunt ## +# taunt -insulting someone to make him angry \ No newline at end of file +to insult someone to make them angry + +# covered with shame and dishonor + +Here shame and dishonor are spoken of as if they were shameful clothes that the writer could wear. These abstract nouns can be stated as verbs. AT: "shamed and dishonored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# shame and dishonor + +These terms mean about the same thing and are used to emphasize how degraded they will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/027.md b/psa/035/027.md index 3360d83b88..3c2d2160ee 100644 --- a/psa/035/027.md +++ b/psa/035/027.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## my vindication ## +# my vindication -See how you translated this term in [Psalms 17:1](../017/001.md). +Here "vindication" refers to Yahweh proclaiming or judging the psalmist innocent. -## may they say continually ## +# may they say continually "may they always say" -## Yahweh be praised ## +# Yahweh be praised -AT: "let us praise Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let us praise Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## who delights in ## +# who delights in -AT: "who is happy whith" or "who enjoys" +"who is happy with" or "who is glad for" -## welfare ## +# welfare -well-being, happiness \ No newline at end of file +well-being, happiness + +# tell of your justice + +The abstract noun "justice" can be stated as "right." AT: "proclaim that you act in the right way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/035/intro.md b/psa/035/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..75ce0343a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/035/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 035 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 35 is a prayer for deliverance. His enemies are coming against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Enemies ##### +When his enemies were sick, he tried to comfort them, but when he was in trouble his enemies use this as a time to attack him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 35:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../034/intro.md) | [>>](../036/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/036/001.md b/psa/036/001.md index 3bb5980c32..f3b9347423 100644 --- a/psa/036/001.md +++ b/psa/036/001.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A psalm of David the servant of Yahweh ## +# A psalm of David the servant of Yahweh -“This is a psalm that David the servant of Yahweh wrote.” +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## Sin speaks like an oracle ## +# An evil man -Sin is described as if it were a prophet speaking messages from a god. AT: "Sin is like a prophet who gives false messages from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This does not refer to a specific man, but to evil people in general. AT: "Evil people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## in the heart of the wicked man ## +# from deep in his heart -AT: "to the wicked man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "heart" refers to the inner being of a person. AT: "from his inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in his eyes ## +# in his eyes -AT: "in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "eyes" refers to the wicked person. AT: "in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## he comforts himself, thinking... ## +# he comforts himself, thinking -AT: "he prefers to believe..." or "he wants to think that..." +"he prefers to believe" or "he wants to think" -## his sin will not be discovered and be hated ## +# his sin will not be discovered and be hated -AT: "God will not discover and hate his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## and be hated ## - -AT: "and his sin will not be hated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not discover and hate his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/036/003.md b/psa/036/003.md index 3d18c859d5..2bab46c151 100644 --- a/psa/036/003.md +++ b/psa/036/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## His words are ## +# His words are -AT: "What he says is" +"What he says is" -## he sets out on an evil way ## +# do good -AT: "he begins an evil way of living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"do things that are good" + +# he sets out on an evil way + +The sinful actions of the man are spoken of as if he was walking along a path that was evil. AT: "he begins to do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he does not reject evil + +Here "evil" can be stated in another form. AT: "he does not reject evil behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/036/005.md b/psa/036/005.md index 9b0b5e8e66..860f9cf0fa 100644 --- a/psa/036/005.md +++ b/psa/036/005.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## reaches to the heavens ## +# Your covenant faithfulness ... reaches to the heavens -God's covenant faithfulness is metaphorically described as if it had a hight. AT: "is higher than the heavens" or "is enormously great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The greatness of God's covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if it were an object that reached as high as the heavens. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "Your covenant faithfulness ... is very great" or "You ... are as faithful to your covenant as the heavens are high above the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## reaches to the clouds ## +# reaches to the clouds -God's loyalty is metaphorically described as if it had a hight. AT: "is higher than the clouds" or "is enormously great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The greatness of God's loyalty is spoken of as if it was very high. AT: "is as high as the clouds" or "is enormously great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## like the highest mountains ... like the deepest sea ## +# like the mountains of God ... like the great deep -Both these phrases describe God's justice as if it had hight and depth. AT: "as high as the highest mountains ... as deep as the deepest sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +These phrases describe the greatness of God's righteousness and judgments as if they were very high and deep. AT: "as high as the highest mountains ... as deep as the deepest sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## you preserve ## +# you preserve "you help" or "you save" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/036/007.md b/psa/036/007.md index a6bb39db01..3a36a0c0fe 100644 --- a/psa/036/007.md +++ b/psa/036/007.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## Humanity takes refuge under the shadow of your wings ## +# How precious is your covenant faithfulness -God does not really have wings. AT: "Humanity takes refuge with you like young birds seek protection under the wings of their mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "precious" refers to how greatly the writer values Yahweh's covenant faithfulness. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "I greatly value how you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## They will be abundantly satisfied ## +# with the richness of the food of your house -AT: "You will abundantly satisfy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This does not mean that God has a house with food. This is a metaphor for abundant provision. AT: "as if they were eating the rich food from your house" or "with your rich blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## with the richness of the food of your house ## +# you will let them drink from the river of your precious blessings -This does not mean that God has a house with food. AT: "as if they were eating the rich food from your house" or "with your rich blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +There are two metaphors here. God's abundant blessings are spoken of as if they are the water in a flowing river. Also, those who receive those blessings are spoken of as if they are drinking them like water. AT: "your precious blessings are like a river from which you will let them drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you will let them drink from the river of your precious blessings ## - -AT: "your precious blessings are like a river from which you will let them drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## fountain of life ## +# fountain of life "source of life" -## in your light ## +# in your light we will see light -AT: "with your help" or "when you enlighten us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## we will see light ## - -AT: "we will live" or "we will know you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "light" is a metaphor for true knowledge. AT: "when you enlighten us, we will know the truth" or "your light is what enables us to know the truth about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/036/010.md b/psa/036/010.md index 18a68296b0..66b034f728 100644 --- a/psa/036/010.md +++ b/psa/036/010.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## Extend your covenant faithfulness fully ## +# Extend your covenant faithfulness fully to those who know you -"Continue your covenant faithfulness" +The writer speaks of Yahweh continuing to act faithfully towards the people as if Yahweh were to extend his covenant faithfulness or make it longer. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adverb. AT: "Continue to act faithfully to those who know you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## your defense to ## +# your defense to the upright of heart -AT: "defending" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The abstract noun "defense" can be stated as a verb. "Continue" is implied from the previous phrase. AT: "Continue to protect the upright of heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## the upright of heart ## +# the upright of heart -AT: "those who have an upright heart" or "the upright" or "upright people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "heart" refers to the people. AT: "the upright" or "people who act righteously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the foot of the arrogant man ... the hand of the wicked ## +# the foot of the arrogant man ... the hand of the wicked -AT: "the arrogant man ... the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "foot" and "hand" refer to the evil people. These are not specific men. This refers to evil people in general. AT: "arrogant people ... wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## drive me away ## +# drive me away -AT: "send me away" or "make me leave my place" +"send me away" or "make me leave my place" -## have fallen; they are knocked down and are not be able to get up ## +# evildoers have fallen; they are knocked down and are not able to get up All three phrases describe the evildoers as defeated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they are knocked down ## +# they are knocked down -AT: "they have been destroyed" or "you have knocked them down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you have knocked them down" or "you have destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# are not able to get up + +"cannot get up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/036/intro.md b/psa/036/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..443ec508bb --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/036/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 036 General Notes # + +#### Formatting in this chapter #### + +Psalm 36 is a psalm of praise. It speaks of how good God is to those who love him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God and man ##### +Evil people do not think about God; but he is such a pleasure to all who honor him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 36:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../035/intro.md) | [>>](../037/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/001.md b/psa/037/001.md index 82b0495bdb..4138d60ed9 100644 --- a/psa/037/001.md +++ b/psa/037/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +# A psalm of David -## Do not be irritated because of evildoers ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -AT: "Do not let wicked people upset you." +# Do not be irritated because of evildoers -## dry up as the grass ## +"Do not let wicked people upset you" or "Do not be bothered by what wicked people do" -In the hot and dry climate of the Bible, plants die quickly. AT: "come to an end". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# dry up as the grass ... wither as the green plants -## and wither as the green plants ## - -In the hot and dry climate of the Bible, plants die quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Evildoers are spoken of as if they are grass and plants that dry up and die in the hot weather. These two similes both mean they will die. AT: "die" or "come to an end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/003.md b/psa/037/003.md index 12bb456167..b922d6a2ce 100644 --- a/psa/037/003.md +++ b/psa/037/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## make faithfulness your business ## +# graze in faithfulness -AT: "be consistent and fulfill your commitments" +Faithfulness is spoken of as if it was an animal that would be strengthened by feeding in good pasture. AT: "nourish faithfulness" or "increase your faithfulness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Then delight yourself in Yahweh... the desires of your heart ## +# the desires of your heart -AT: "When you make Yahweh delightful to your own heart... God himself becomes your happiest wish" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" represents the person's inner being and thoughts. AT: "your deepest, inner desires" or "the things that you desire the most" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/005.md b/psa/037/005.md index 25d4e4b7ff..200afd46d9 100644 --- a/psa/037/005.md +++ b/psa/037/005.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Give your ways to Yahweh ## +# Give your ways to Yahweh -AT: "Ask Yahweh to guide your actions in life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "give your ways" is an idiom that means to ask Yahweh to control your life. AT: "Ask Yahweh to guide your actions in life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## like the daylight ... like the day at noon ## +# act on your behalf -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This is to represent another in legal issues. Here, when one trusts in Yahweh, he will defend that person and grant justice to that person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## like the daylight ## +# like the daylight ... like the day at noon -AT: "in full view of all." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Both of these phrases mean about the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## like the day at noon ## +# like the daylight -AT: "visible during the brightest time of day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means "in full view of everyone." AT: "as clear to see as the light of day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like the day at noon + +This means "as visible as the noon sun." AT: "as visible as the light at the brightest time of day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/007.md b/psa/037/007.md index 33b760b0a8..bf43142171 100644 --- a/psa/037/007.md +++ b/psa/037/007.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## makes his evil ways succeed...makes evil plots ## +# Be still -AT: "what evil men do is successful... wicked things that they plan" This emphasizes that the peace the righteous have is not effected by works of evil men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Be quiet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/008.md b/psa/037/008.md index 541454331c..9d6c777475 100644 --- a/psa/037/008.md +++ b/psa/037/008.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## but those who wait for Yahweh... ## +# will be cut off -AT: "but those who trust in Yahweh...". \ No newline at end of file +The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# but those who wait for Yahweh + +"but those who trust in Yahweh" + +# will inherit the land + +The possession of the land is spoken of as if it will be received as an inheritance. AT: "will receive the land as their own possession" or "will live safely in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will disappear + +This idiom refers to the death of the evil man. AT: "will die and you will no longer see him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/011.md b/psa/037/011.md index 6da4e950a0..c1fdc40cfb 100644 --- a/psa/037/011.md +++ b/psa/037/011.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## his day is coming ## +# the meek -AT: "the day is coming when Yahweh will judge and punish the wicked people" +This refers to the people who are meek. AT: "the meek people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## gnashes his teeth against him ## +# will inherit the land -This picture shows the hatred wicked people feel for righteous people so their teeth clench together. "Teeth" represents the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The possession of the land is spoken of as if it will be received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](./008.md). AT: "will receive the land as their own possession" or "will live safely in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The wicked man + +This does not refer to a specific man. It refers to wicked people in general. AT: "The wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# the righteous + +This does not refer to specific people. This refers to people who are righteous. AT: "the righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# gnashes his teeth + +The wicked man hates the righteous person so much that he grinds his teeth together to show his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# his day is coming + +It is implied that "his day" will be a day of judgment. AT: "the day is coming when Yahweh will judge and punish him" or "the day is coming when Yahweh will judge and punish the wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/014.md b/psa/037/014.md index 6abfc81e32..ad00b985b4 100644 --- a/psa/037/014.md +++ b/psa/037/014.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## The wicked have drawn out their swords and have bent their bows ## +# The wicked -AT: "The wicked have readied their weapons." Bows are examples of the weapons the wicked use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This refers to the wicked people. AT: "The wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## to cast down the oppressed and needy ## +# have drawn out their swords ... have bent their bows -AT: "ready to kill those they treat cruelly and the poor" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Both "swords" and "bows" are weapons used to attack people. The fact that they are "drawn" and "bent" means they are ready to start attacking. AT: "have prepared their weapons in order to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Their swords will pierce their own hearts, ## +# to cast down -AT: "Their weapons will be turned against them." Swords are examples of weapons and "hearts" represent the persons. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This destruction of the needy people is spoken of as if they were clay pots that would break into pieces when thrown down on the ground. AT: "to destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## their bows will be broken ## +# the oppressed and needy -AT: "The weapons they use against the righteous will be destroyed." Bows are examples of the weapons the wicked use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +These terms both refer to people who are powerless to defend themselves. AT: "people who are not able to resist them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Their swords will pierce their own hearts + +Swords are examples of weapons and "hearts" represent the people. To "pierce the heart" is an idiom that means "to kill." AT: "Their weapons will be turned against them and they will kill themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/016.md b/psa/037/016.md index 96aed838aa..3301bc1b1e 100644 --- a/psa/037/016.md +++ b/psa/037/016.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Better is the little that the righteous has ## +# Better is the little that the righteous has than the abundance of many wicked people -AT: "It is better to be righteous, even if it means that you are poor..." +"It is better to be poor and righteous than to be wicked with great wealth" -## than the abundance of many wicked people. ## +# Better is the little that the righteous has -AT: "...than to be wicked with great wealth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The nominal adjective "the little" refers to few possessions. The nominal adjective "the righteous" refers to a righteous person. AT: "Better are the few possessions that a righteous person has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## For the arms of the wicked people will be broken ## +# the abundance -AT: "For the power of the wicked people will be defeated." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the wealth of the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# For the arms of the wicked people will be broken + +Here "arms" represent the strength of the wicked people. Breaking their arms represents taking away their power. This could be stated in active form. AT: "For Yahweh will remove the strength of the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/018.md b/psa/037/018.md index 19728b071b..800c9d6060 100644 --- a/psa/037/018.md +++ b/psa/037/018.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## They will not be ashamed when times are bad ## +# watches over the blameless -AT: "They will not be humiliated when calamities occur" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +To "watch over" means to protect someone. Here "the blameless" refers to the blameless people. AT: "protects the blameless people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# day by day + +This is an idiom that means "continually." AT: "every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# when times are bad + +This phrase refers to disasters, such as famine. AT: "when calamities occur" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/020.md b/psa/037/020.md index dd47e8d5bb..66672dee15 100644 --- a/psa/037/020.md +++ b/psa/037/020.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Yahweh's enemies will be like the glory of the pastures ## +# Yahweh's enemies will be like the glory of the pastures -The writer compares Yahweh's enemies and the flowers blooming in the fields. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer compares Yahweh's enemies to the flowers blooming in the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## and disappear in the smoke ## +# be consumed and disappear in the smoke -The writer compares the fields that are burned off after the harvest with the wicked. AT:"his enemies will be defeated and cease to exist." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of the destruction of the wicked as if they were weeds or wilted flowers in the field that are burned off after the harvest. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will destroy them as fire turns the weeds of the field into smoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the righteous person is generous and gives. ## +# is generous and gives -(See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These mean the same thing and emphasize the generosity of the righteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/022.md b/psa/037/022.md index c087ecf931..137537bf35 100644 --- a/psa/037/022.md +++ b/psa/037/022.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## those who are cursed by him will be cut off. ## +# Those who are blessed by God will inherit the land; those who are cursed by him will be cut off -AT: "those who Yahweh curses will be removed from the land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is a contrastive form of Parallelism. Those who are blessed by God in contrast to those who are cursed by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## It is by Yahweh that a man's steps are established, ## +# Those who are blessed by God -AT: "Yahweh determines whether a man's ways are approved and accepted," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated as active. AT: "Those whom God blesses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## a man's steps ## +# will inherit the land -Steps represents a person's conduct of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The possession of the land is spoken of as if it had been received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](./008.md). AT: "will receive the land as their own possession" or "will be allowed to live safely in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Though he stumbles, he will not fall down, ## +# those who are cursed by him -AT: "Though he has difficult times, he will not utterly fail." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom Yahweh curses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## holding him with his hand. ## +# will be cut off -Yahweh is given a the human attribute of having hands. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](./008.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is by Yahweh that a man's steps are established ... commendable in God's sight + +These can be stated to show the logical connection and clarify the passive clause. AT: "If a man lives in a commendable way in Yahweh's sight, Yahweh will establish his steps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# It is by Yahweh that a man's steps are established + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh is the one who enables a man to be successful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a man ... the man + +This does not refer to a specific man, but to people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# a man's steps + +Steps represent the way a person lives. AT: "the way a man lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Though he stumbles, he will not fall down + +Here "stumble" and "fall" refer to the man's reaction to difficult times. AT: "Though he has difficult times, he will not utterly fail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# holding him with his hand + +Here "his hand" refers to Yahweh's power, and "holding him" refers to protecting him. AT: "protecting him with his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/025.md b/psa/037/025.md index 56ecfe6ce7..7766b2eebe 100644 --- a/psa/037/025.md +++ b/psa/037/025.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## the righteous person abandoned ## +# the righteous person abandoned -AT:"Yahweh will not forsake the godly person" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh forsake the righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## All the day long ## +# the righteous person -This figure of speech means this action is a habit of life. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## his children become a blessing ## +# begging for bread -AT: "his children grow up to bless others" \ No newline at end of file +Here "bread" represents food in general. AT: begging for food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# All the day long he is + +This idiom means this action is a habit of his life. AT: "He is always (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his children become a blessing + +"his children grow up to bless others" + +# Turn away from + +To stop doing something is spoken of as if the person turned away from it. AT: "Stop doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/028.md b/psa/037/028.md index 855b3feead..713545e067 100644 --- a/psa/037/028.md +++ b/psa/037/028.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## are preserved forever ## +# They are preserved forever -AT: "Yahweh will protect them forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will protect them forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The mouth of the righteous person speaks wisdom and increases justice ## +# will be cut off -The mouth represents the whole person who speaks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](./008.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the righteous + +This refers to the people who are righteous. AT: "the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# will inherit the land + +The possession of the land is spoken of as if it had been received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in [Psalms 37:9](./008.md). AT: "will receive the land as their own possession" or "will be allowed to live safely in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The mouth of the righteous person + +Here "mouth" represents the whole person who speaks. AT: "The righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# speaks wisdom + +The abstract noun "wisdom" can be stated as "wise." AT: "gives wise advice to others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# increases justice + +The abstract noun "justice" can be stated as an action. AT: "encourages other people to live rightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/031.md b/psa/037/031.md index 8f98f4b0d3..5cf0dd5bf1 100644 --- a/psa/037/031.md +++ b/psa/037/031.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## The law of his God is in his heart ## +# The law of his God is in his heart -AT:"The commands of his God have become guides he appreciates deeply" (For heart see:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "in his heart" refers to his deepest inner being. AT: "He treasures the commands of his God in his inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## his feet will not slip ## +# his feet will not slip -AT: "his walk through life will have sure footing" \ No newline at end of file +Here failure to obey Yahweh is spoken of as slipping off a safe path and falling. AT: "he will walk safely in the way God wants him to walk" or "he will safely do the things God wants him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The wicked person ... the righteous person ... the evil person + +These are not specific people. They refer to these kinds of people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# watches the righteous person + +Here the watching implies observing the righteous in order to do them harm. AT: "waits in ambush for the righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the evil person's hand + +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "the power of the evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# when he is judged + +This refers to Yahweh judging the righteous man. AT: "When Yahweh judges him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/034.md b/psa/037/034.md index eef421a0e4..7945d874b6 100644 --- a/psa/037/034.md +++ b/psa/037/034.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## he will raise you up ## +# he will raise you up to possess the land -"Raising up" represents growing in honor and capability. AT: "Yahweh will give you strength and ability" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "raise you up" refers to God giving honor to those who wait for him. AT: "he will honor you by giving you the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wicked + +This refers to wicked people. AT: "the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# are cut off + +The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 37:9](./008.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/035.md b/psa/037/035.md index c9cc233ab3..8ef6438c7a 100644 --- a/psa/037/035.md +++ b/psa/037/035.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## he could not be found ## +# the wicked and terrifying person -AT: "Yahweh had caused them to disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# spread out like a green tree in its native soil + +Here the prosperity of the wicked man is spoken of as if he were a healthy tree growing in good soil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he could not be found + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I could not find him" or "Yahweh had taken him away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/037.md b/psa/037/037.md index 8a21901c80..8819c99e9f 100644 --- a/psa/037/037.md +++ b/psa/037/037.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## mark the upright ## +# the man of integrity -AT: "note carefully the habits of good people" +This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## the future for the wicked man is cut off ## +# mark the upright -AT: "God will bring their family line to an end." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"note carefully the good people" or "notice the good people" + +# the future for the wicked man is cut off + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will end his family line" or "he will not have any descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the future + +This refers to his descendants. AT: "his descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the wicked man + +This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# is cut off + +The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 37:9](./008.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/039.md b/psa/037/039.md index f4cb02d654..5098851816 100644 --- a/psa/037/039.md +++ b/psa/037/039.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Yahweh helps them ## +# Salvation of the righteous comes from Yahweh -This same idea is repeated in four different ways to emphasize that God is dependable and able to give aid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The abstract noun "Salvation" can be expressed as an action. AT: "Yahweh rescues the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## they have taken refuge in him ## +# the righteous -AT: "they go to Yahweh for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the righteous people. AT: "the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# helps ... rescues ... saves + +This same idea is repeated in several different ways to emphasize that Yahweh is dependable and able to give aid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# they have taken refuge in him + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "they have gone to him for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/037/intro.md b/psa/037/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d205daea5c --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/037/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 037 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 37 is a teaching psalm. It provides guidance about how to live a moral and God-fearing life. It teaches that evil people do not prosper in the future. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Envy ##### +Do not envy evil people. Although it appears as though they prosper, soon they will be destroyed and the good people will continue on living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 37:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../036/intro.md) | [>>](../038/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/001.md b/psa/038/001.md index e094ff896c..631cb00434 100644 --- a/psa/038/001.md +++ b/psa/038/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David, to bring to remembrance ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a psalm that David wrote to remember what God had done in the past.” +# A psalm of David -## Yahweh, do not rebuke me in your anger; do not punish me in your wrath. ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# do not rebuke me in your anger ... do not punish me in your wrath -## For your arrows pierce me, - ## +These phrases mean basically the same thing and the idea is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -** AT: "Yahweh has penetrated my life with punishment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# your arrows pierce me -## and your hand presses me down. ## +The severity of Yahweh's punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh had shot arrows into the writer. AT: "Your punishment is as painful as if you had shot arrows into me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "Yahweh's power and authority pushes me down." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +# your hand presses me down + +Yahweh's punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh was smashing the writer with his hand. Here, "hand" refers to Yahweh's power. AT: "your power knocks me down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/003.md b/psa/038/003.md index 5cb6e2747e..4583ddcb17 100644 --- a/psa/038/003.md +++ b/psa/038/003.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize his lesson. +# General Information: -## there is no health in my bones because of my sin ## +David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize the effects of this lesson. -AT: " My whole body is diseased because of my sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# there is no health in my bones because of my sin -## they are a burden too heavy for me ## +Here "my bones" represents the body of the writer. AT: "my whole body is diseased because of my sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# my iniquities overwhelm me + +The writer's iniquities are spoken of as if they are a flood of water that covers him. AT: "my iniquities cover me like a flood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they are a burden too heavy for me + +The writer's iniquities are spoken of as if they are a heavy load that he cannot lift. AT: "they are like a load that is too heavy for me to lift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/005.md b/psa/038/005.md index b3148a98bb..3b99639247 100644 --- a/psa/038/005.md +++ b/psa/038/005.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize his lesson. +# General Information: -## My wounds are infected and smell ## +David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize the effects of this lesson. -"Wounds" here refer to the writer's guilt and shame that is the source of his sickness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# My wounds are infected and smell + +Here "smell" refer to his sores having a bad smell that is associated with rotting flesh. AT: "My wounds are infected and stink as they rot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I am stooped over + +The pain of the writer's wounds have caused him to be bent over as if he were an old, feeble man. AT: "I am bent over in pain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/007.md b/psa/038/007.md index f3268e5933..42769fa1f8 100644 --- a/psa/038/007.md +++ b/psa/038/007.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize his lesson. \ No newline at end of file +# I am filled with burning + +The writer's is so sick with fever that it is as if he is burning inside. AT: "My body is burning with fever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# there is no health in my flesh + +Here "my flesh" refers to the writer. AT: "I am completely sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# utterly crushed + +The writer's illness is so severe that it is as if a huge weight is pressing down on him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# anguish of my heart + +Here "my heart" refers to the writer. AT: "my anguish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/009.md b/psa/038/009.md index 119e6b134b..83e411c4ec 100644 --- a/psa/038/009.md +++ b/psa/038/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## you understand my heart's deepest yearnings ## +# my heart's deepest yearnings -AT: "you understand the strongest desires I have," +Here "my heart" refers to the writer. It may be helpful to state that the writer desires good health. AT: "My strongest desires" or "that I desire you to heal me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and my groanings are not hidden from you. ## +# my groanings are not hidden from you -AT: "and my moans of sorrow are not hidden from you." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you are able to see all my moans of sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## My heart pounds ## +# My heart pounds -AT: "My heart beats quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom means his heart beats intensely. AT: "My heart beats loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## my strength fades ## +# my strength fades -AT: "I become very weak" \ No newline at end of file +"I become very weak" + +# my eyesight dims + +"I can no longer see well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/011.md b/psa/038/011.md index ad12110c07..51f0ee4699 100644 --- a/psa/038/011.md +++ b/psa/038/011.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## They who seek my harm speak destructive words and say deceitful words all day long. ## +# lay snares for me -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The plots of the writer's enemies are spoken of as if they were traps that they had set to catch him like an animal. AT: "set traps to catch me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# speak destructive words and say deceitful words + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the hurtful nature of what these people say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/013.md b/psa/038/013.md index ec46a1492d..afbd2dc6f1 100644 --- a/psa/038/013.md +++ b/psa/038/013.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## I am like a deaf man ... who has no reply. ## +# I am like a deaf man ... hear nothing ... does not hear -David repeatedly compares his condition in guilt and shame to being unable to hear or speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The first lines of verse 13 and 14 use a simile to present the same image of the deaf man. The writer is so sick that he cannot hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I am like a mute man ... says nothing ... has no reply + +The second lines of verses 13 and 14 use a simile to present the image of the mute man. The writer is so sick that he cannot speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a mute man + +a person who cannot speak \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/015.md b/psa/038/015.md index efdc0bbb83..1c91e2fa24 100644 --- a/psa/038/015.md +++ b/psa/038/015.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## will not gloat over me ## +# you will answer -AT: "will not delight over me in my calamity." +Possible meanings are 1) "you will answer me" or 2) "you will answer my enemies." -## If my foot slips ## +# will not gloat over me -"If I make mistakes that cause me to fall." Foot represents the whole person in his walk of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"will not delight over my trouble" + +# If my foot slips + +Here "my foot" represents the writer. The slipping of his foot is a metaphor that refers to the writer's troubles and misfortunes. AT: "If I make mistakes that cause me trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/017.md b/psa/038/017.md index 61a7d38990..33ffeb99e2 100644 --- a/psa/038/017.md +++ b/psa/038/017.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## and I am in constant pain ## +# I am about to stumble -AT: "and I am always in pain." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) "I am so sick that I am about to die" or 2) "I will soon be ruined." It may be best not to interpret the metaphor in the text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am in constant pain + +"I am always in pain" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/019.md b/psa/038/019.md index ded19ce5be..d9ba100393 100644 --- a/psa/038/019.md +++ b/psa/038/019.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## But my enemies are numerous…are many ## +# But my enemies are numerous ... are many -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## They repay me evil for good ## +# They repay me evil for good -AT: They return bad actions for my good actions for them." \ No newline at end of file +The actions of the writer's enemies are spoken of as a financial transaction where they gave him evil things in exchange for good things. The abstract nouns "evil" and "good" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "They do evil thing to me after I was good to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# hurl accusations at me + +The way the writer's enemies accuse him is spoken of as if they were throwing accusations at him like rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# pursued what is good + +The writers desire for what is good is spoken of as if he were running after good things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/021.md b/psa/038/021.md index a22b132adb..9f344e3bc6 100644 --- a/psa/038/021.md +++ b/psa/038/021.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Yahweh, do not abandon me… stay far away from me. ## +# Do not abandon me ... do not stay far away from me -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# do not stay far away from me + +Because Yahweh has not yet answered the writer's request, he speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were standing far away from the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Come quickly to help me + +God is spoken of as if he is running to the writer to help him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as an action. AT: "you are the one who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/038/intro.md b/psa/038/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dbe9575288 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/038/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 038 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 38 is a confession of sin and a prayer for deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Author's sickness ##### +The author was very sick and his enemies were seeking ways to destroy him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 38:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../037/intro.md) | [>>](../039/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/039/001.md b/psa/039/001.md index 9e3c579a4f..7ef6d99ced 100644 --- a/psa/039/001.md +++ b/psa/039/001.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician, ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship," -## for Jeduthun ## +# Jeduthun -See how to translate names: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]. +One of David's chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## I will watch what I say- ## +# I will watch what I say -** AT: "I will pay attention to the things that I say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "watch" is an idiom that mean "pay attention to." AT: "I will pay attention to the things that I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## so that I do not sin with my tongue ## +# so that I do not sin with my tongue -AT: "so that I do not speak an offense against Yahweh." Tongue represents the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "tongue" refers to the writer's speech. AT: "so that I do not speak an offense against Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## muzzle ## +# muzzle To "muzzle" means to keep a mouth shut. Here David means that he will not speak while he is with an evil person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/039/002.md b/psa/039/002.md index 1d4ef4167e..5e70e48d16 100644 --- a/psa/039/002.md +++ b/psa/039/002.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I kept silent; I kept back my words even from saying anything good, ## +# I kept silent; I kept back my words -The writer emphasizes his effort to avoid talking by repeating. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the writer did not speak at all. AT: "I was completely silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## My heart became hot…it burned like a fire ## +# I kept back my words -AT - "I became very anxious when I thought about these things." Heart represents the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I did not speak" + +# My heart became hot ... it burned like a fire + +Here "heart" represents the whole person. The anxious thoughts of the writer are spoken of as if they were a fire burning inside him. AT: "I became very anxious when I thought about these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/039/004.md b/psa/039/004.md index 1f0f1b9101..83f51fd957 100644 --- a/psa/039/004.md +++ b/psa/039/004.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Yahweh, make me know … the extent of my days ## +# the end of my life ... the extent of my days -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Show me how transient I am ## +# Show me how transient I am -AT: "Show me how quick my life is" or "Show me how soon I will die" +"Show me how brief my life is" or "Show me how soon I will die" -## See, you have made my days only the width of my hand ## +# only the width of my hand -AT: "It seems that you have caused me to live only a short time;" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of his lifespan is if it could be measured by the width of his hand. AT: "only a very short time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Surely every man is a single breath. ## +# my lifetime is like nothing before you -AT: "The time that humans live is too short." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This simile states that the length of the writer's life is so short that it does not exist. This is an exaggeration to stress how short it is. AT: "the length of my life is barely any time at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Surely every man is a single breath + +The brevity of life is spoken of as if it was only as long as the time it takes for a person to breathe one breath. AT: "The time that humans live is as short as a single breath of a person." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/039/006.md b/psa/039/006.md index 0d6eb163c6..dbe79b1f98 100644 --- a/psa/039/006.md +++ b/psa/039/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Surely every man walks about like a shadow ## +# Surely every man walks about like a shadow -AT: "Our life disappears like a shadow does." (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The lives of people are spoken of as if they are as insignificant as shadows. AT: "Everyone disappears like shadows do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Now, Lord, for what am I waiting? ## +# although they do not know who will receive them -AT: "Lord, now I am waiting for you to act," The writer asks this question to emphasize that Yahweh is his only hope. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here it is implied that they do not know what will happen to their wealth after they die. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Now, Lord, for what am I waiting? + +The writer asks this question to emphasize that people cannot help him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "So now, Yahweh, I can expect to receive nothing from anyone else." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/039/008.md b/psa/039/008.md index 944e18fbdf..90d43a3242 100644 --- a/psa/039/008.md +++ b/psa/039/008.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## because of what you did ## +# I am silent ... cannot open my mouth -AT: "because my punishment comes from you." \ No newline at end of file +These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# because it is you who has done it + +"because my punishment comes from you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/039/010.md b/psa/039/010.md index 40f4d25bb8..64b49ee965 100644 --- a/psa/039/010.md +++ b/psa/039/010.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Stop wounding me ## +# Stop wounding me -AT: "O my God, stop your blows upon me" +God's punishment of the writer is spoken of as if God was wounding him with a weapon. AT: "please stop punishing me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I am overwhelmed ## +# I am overwhelmed -AT: "I am defeated completely" +"I am defeated completely" -## like a moth ## +# the blow of your hand -The writer compares the strength of people to cloth that the worm of a moth eats. AT: "like moths eat away at clothing" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +God's punishment of the writer is spoken of as if God was striking him with his fist. Here "hand" represents God's judgment. AT: "your judgment on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## people are nothing but vapor ## +# consume the things they desire like a moth -The writer compares people to mist or fumes that disappear quickly. AT: "Our lives are completely fragile" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +God will take away the things they value in the same way as a moth eats a piece of cloth. AT: "consume the things they desire like a moth eats away at clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# all people are nothing but vapor + +The writer speaks of the frailty of people as if they were mist that disappears quickly. AT: "everyone is completely fragile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/039/012.md b/psa/039/012.md index 056dbe73ba..236ef833db 100644 --- a/psa/039/012.md +++ b/psa/039/012.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Hear my prayer, Yahweh, and listen to me ## +# Hear my prayer ... listen to me ... listen to my weeping -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +These three phrases mean basically the same thing and show how strongly the writer wants God to respond to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## I am like a foreigner with you, a refugee ## +# Do not be deaf to me -AT: "I am a complete stranger to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer speaks of Yahweh's lack of response to him as if Yahweh was deaf. AT: "Do not ignore me as if you could not hear me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Turn your gaze from me so that I may smile again before I die. ## +# I am like a foreigner with you, a refugee -The writer is expressing how he feels like he is being punished by God, and, in his discouragement, wants God to stop dealing with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of Yahweh's lack of response as if Yahweh considered him to be a total stranger to him. AT: "I am like a complete stranger to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Turn your gaze from me + +Here "your gaze" represents Yahweh's punishment. AT: "Please stop punishing me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# so that I may smile again + +Here "smile" is associated with being happy. AT: "so that I can be happy again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/039/intro.md b/psa/039/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c0e2b18ff4 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/039/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 039 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 39 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Life ##### +Life on earth is short. The psalmist wanted God's healing so he can enjoy the rest of his life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) + +This psalm shares some characteristics of another wisdom book called Ecclesiastes or Koheleth but is more positive. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 39:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../038/intro.md) | [>>](../040/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/001.md b/psa/040/001.md index d0c7edc31d..0f4761049d 100644 --- a/psa/040/001.md +++ b/psa/040/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## I waited patiently for Yahweh ## +# I waited patiently for Yahweh -This implies that David had been praying to Yahweh and was waiting for Yahweh to help him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This means the writer was waiting for Yahweh to help him. -## out of the miry clay ## +# he listened to me ... heard my cry -"out of the muddy clay" \ No newline at end of file +These mean the same thing, and can be combined into one statement. AT: "he listened to me when I called out to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# out of a horrible pit, out of the miry clay + +These two metaphors mean the same thing. The writer's danger is spoken of as if it was a deadly pit full of mud. This emphasizes the danger. AT: "from being trapped in a horrible pit full of sticky mud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he set my feet on a rock + +Here "my feet" refers to the writer, and "a rock" refers a place of safety. AT: "he provided safety for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/003.md b/psa/040/003.md index becbc5210f..036123483d 100644 --- a/psa/040/003.md +++ b/psa/040/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## praise to our God ## +# He has put a new song in my mouth -AT: "a song of praise to our God" or "for us to praise our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "He has taught me the words to a new song" or 2) "He has given me a new reason to sing." -## Many will see it ## +# in my mouth -AT: "Many people will hear about what he has done" +Here "my mouth" refers to the writer. AT: "in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Blessed is the man who makes Yahweh his trust ## +# praise to our God -AT: "Blessed is the man who trusts in Yahweh" or "Those who trust in Yahweh are blessed" \ No newline at end of file +The noun "praise" can be stated as a verb. AT: "a song to praise our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Many will see it + +Here "see it" refers to hearing the writer sing his song about what God has done for him. AT: "Many people will hear me tell what Yahweh has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Blessed is the man who makes Yahweh his trust + +"Blessed is the man who trusts in Yahweh" or "Those who trust in Yahweh are blessed" + +# the proud + +This refers to the people who are proud. AT: "proud people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# to lies + +The Hebrew word is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) "lies" or 2) "false gods." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/005.md b/psa/040/005.md index b8345ba403..34818e514b 100644 --- a/psa/040/005.md +++ b/psa/040/005.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## your thoughts...cannot be numbered...more than could be counted ## +# your thoughts which are about us cannot be numbered -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one can count all the things you think about us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## your thoughts which are about us cannot be numbered ## +# cannot be numbered ... more than could be counted -AT: "no one can count all the things you think about us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These phrases mean essentially the same thing. The first is stated in negative form, and the second is stated in positive form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## You have no delight in sacrifice or offering ## +# You have no delight in sacrifice or offering -AT: "Sacrifices and offerings are not what make you happy" +This is an exaggeration to express that other things are much more important to God. AT: "Sacrifices and other offerings are not the things that delight you most" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## you have opened my ears ## +# you have opened my ears -AT: "you have caused me to hear and understand your commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "ears" refers to the ability to hear. AT: "you have enabled me to hear your commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you have not required burnt offerings or sin offerings ## +# you have not required burnt offerings or sin offerings -AT: "Burnt offerings and sin offerings are not what you require of us" \ No newline at end of file +This is an exaggeration to show that these things were not the most important to God. AT: "animals burned on the altar and other offerings for our sins are not what you require most" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/007.md b/psa/040/007.md index 6cccfb5ae6..b9b45c96c6 100644 --- a/psa/040/007.md +++ b/psa/040/007.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the scroll of the document ## +# the scroll of the document -This refers to a scroll on which was written the word of Yahweh. AT: "the written scroll" +This refers to a scroll on which was written the word of Yahweh. AT: "the written scroll" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I have proclaimed good news of your righteousness in the great assembly ## +# your laws are in my heart -AT: "I have told a large assembly of people the good news of your righteousness." +Here "my heart" refers to the inner being of the writer. AT: "I am always thinking about your laws within my inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the good news of your righteousness ## +# I have proclaimed good news of your righteousness in the great assembly -This refers to the good news that God rescues his people. AT: "the good news that because you are righteous, you rescue your people" +"I have told a large assembly of people the good news of your righteousness." -## my lips have not kept back from doing this ## +# good news of your righteousness -AT: "I have not stopped myself from proclaiming these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the good news that God rescues his people. AT: "good news that because you are righteous, you rescue your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# my lips have not kept back from doing this + +Here "my lips" represents the writer, emphasizing his speech. AT: "I have not stopped myself from proclaiming these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/010.md b/psa/040/010.md index 5971433317..bb37f26ed2 100644 --- a/psa/040/010.md +++ b/psa/040/010.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## I have not concealed your righteousness in my heart ## +# I have not concealed your righteousness in my heart -AT: "I have not hidden your righteousness in my heart" or "I have not kept your righteousness a secret" +"I have not kept your righteousness a secret." This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "I have openly told every one about your righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## I have not concealed your covenant faithfulness or your trustworthiness from the great assembly ## +# in my heart -This can be expressed positively. AT: "I have told the great assembly about your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness" +Here this refers to the writer's inner being. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your covenant faithfulness ## +# I have not concealed your covenant faithfulness or your trustworthiness from the great assembly -"how faithful you are to keep your promises" +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I have told everyone in the great assembly about your covenant faithfulness or your trustworthiness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## your trustworthiness ## +# your covenant faithfulness -"how trustworthy you are" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." AT: "how faithful you are to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## let your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness always preserve me ## +# your trustworthiness -AT: "because of your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness, preserve me always" \ No newline at end of file +This abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be stated as "trustworthy." AT: "how trustworthy you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# let your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness always preserve me + +Here "covenant faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" are spoken of as if they were living people who could protect the writer. AT: "I want your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness to always preserve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/012.md b/psa/040/012.md index 2b6518432f..ee6f45f26a 100644 --- a/psa/040/012.md +++ b/psa/040/012.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## innumerable troubles surround me ## +# Troubles that cannot be numbered surround me -Here troubles are spoken of as if they were objects that surround and trap the speaker. AT: "there are more troubles around me than I can count" or "more troubles come to me than I can count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here troubles are spoken of as if they were objects that surround and trap the speaker. AT: "there are more troubles around me than I can count" or "more troubles come to me than I can count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my iniquities ## +# that cannot be numbered -AT: "the consequences of my iniquities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is stated in negative form to intensify the number.See how you translated this in [Psalms 40:5](./005.md). AT: "that are vast in number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## have caught up with me ## +# my iniquities -The consequences of his iniquities are now harming him. Here iniquities are spoken of as if they were his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This refers to the consequences of his sin. AT: "the consequences of my iniquities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I am no longer able to see anything ## +# have caught up with me -Versions differ in how to understand this difficult passage. It may mean that the speaker is crying so much that he cannot see anything because of his tears (see UDB). +The writer's iniquities are spoken of as if they were his enemies who were harming him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## my heart has failed me ## +# I am no longer able to see anything -"I am very discouraged" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Versions differ in how to understand this difficult passage. It may mean that the speaker is crying so much that he cannot see anything because of his tears. + +# my heart has failed me + +Here "heart" refers to the writer's inner confidence. AT: "I am very discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/014.md b/psa/040/014.md index 91933486ac..960cf7d5d3 100644 --- a/psa/040/014.md +++ b/psa/040/014.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Let them…who pursue my life to take it away ## +# Let them ... who pursue my life to take it away -"Let those who pursue my life to destroy it be put to shame and confused together." AT: "Shame and confuse those who are trying to kill me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be reordered and stated in active form. AT: "Please make those who are trying to kill me become shamed and disappointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Let them … who delight in hurting me ## +# who pursue my life to take it away -"Let those who delight in hurting me be stopped and brought to dishonor." AT: "Stop those who delight in hurting me and dishonor them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "pursue my life" means they desire to kill the writer. The writer is represented by his "life." AT: "who are trying to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Let them … who say to me, "Aha, aha!" ## +# Let them ... who delight in hurting me + +This can be reordered and stated in active form. AT: "Please stop those who delight in hurting me and dishonor them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# turned back + +To be stopped or thwarted is spoken of as being turned back from their attack. AT: "stopped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let them ... who say to me, "Aha, aha!" "Let those who say to me, 'Aha, aha!' be shocked because of their shame" -## Let them be shocked because of their shame ## +# Let them be shocked because of their shame -AT: "I hope that they will be shocked when you shame them" +"I hope that they will be shocked when you shame them" -## those who say to me, "Aha, aha!" ## +# those who say to me, "Aha, aha!" "Aha, aha!" is something people say when they are ridiculing someone. If your language has something that people say when ridiculing someone, it can be used here. This can also be translated with a verb like "ridicule." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/016.md b/psa/040/016.md index 5fd7cc2924..220cefaff7 100644 --- a/psa/040/016.md +++ b/psa/040/016.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## rejoice and be glad ## +# rejoice and be glad -These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. AT: "be very joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the Lord thinks about me ## +# loves your salvation -AT: "the Lord cares for me" +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as an action. AT: "love you because you saved them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## You are my help ## +# poor and needy + +These words mean the same thing and emphasize how helpless the writer is. AT: "very needy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the Lord thinks about me + +"the Lord cares for me" + +# You are my help ... you come to my rescue + +These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You are my help "You are the one who helps me" -## you come to my rescue ## +# you come to my rescue -"you come to save me" \ No newline at end of file +"you come to save me" + +# do not delay + +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "respond quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/040/intro.md b/psa/040/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..13bc856f75 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/040/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 040 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### +Psalm 40 is a psalm of praise. Many also see it as a messianic psalm, a psalm about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sacrifices ##### +God is not interested in sacrifices but wants people to obey him and fulfill his plans for them. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 40:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../039/intro.md) | [>>](../041/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/041/001.md b/psa/041/001.md index 3d2c47a283..dcfc79e3dc 100644 --- a/psa/041/001.md +++ b/psa/041/001.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## the weak ## +# he ... him ... his + +These words refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak. + +# the weak "weak people" or "poor people" -## he...him...his ## +# Yahweh will support him on the bed of suffering -In verses 1-3 of the ULB, these words refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak. +The phrase "the bed of suffering" refers to when a person lies in bed because he is sick. AT: "When he is sick and in bed, Yahweh will support him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Yahweh will support him on the bed of suffering ## +# you will make his bed of sickness into a bed of healing -The phrase "the bed of suffering" refers to when a person in bed because he is sick. AT: "When he is sick and in bed, Yahweh will strengthen him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## you will make his bed of sickness into a bed of healing ## - -The phrase "a bed of healing" refers to when a person rests in bed and is healed. AT: "You, Yahweh, will heal him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "a bed of healing" refers to when a person rests in bed and recovers from his sickness. AT: "you, Yahweh, will heal him of his sickness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/041/004.md b/psa/041/004.md index 518f30b07d..a7bc2a54d0 100644 --- a/psa/041/004.md +++ b/psa/041/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## his name perish ## +# his name perish -If a person's name dies, it means that people forget that he had ever lived. AT: "when will his name perish" or "when will people forget about him" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +If a person's name dies, it means that people forget that he had ever lived. AT: "when will his name perish" or "when will people forget about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## he says worthless things ## +# If my enemy comes to see me -AT: "they pretend to be concerned about me" (UDB) Note that the ULB uses a singular pronoun meaning one enemy. The UDB uses a plural pronoun referring to any of his enemies. +The words "my enemy" refers to any enemy in general, and not to one specific enemy. -## his heart gathers up my disaster for itself ## +# he says worthless things -AT: "he eagerly listens to all the bad news about me" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "he says meaningless things" or 2) his enemies say things to make him think that they are his friends when they are not. AT: "he says deceitful things" or "they pretend to be concerned about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# his heart gathers up my disaster for itself + +His enemies try to learn all of the bad things about him. Here the word "heart" refers the whole person. Bad circumstances are spoken of as if they were objects that can be gathered. AT: "he tries to learn about all of my disasters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/041/007.md b/psa/041/007.md index e6b2e10ae9..e2706c6920 100644 --- a/psa/041/007.md +++ b/psa/041/007.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## against me they hope for my hurt ## +# against me they hope for my hurt -AT: "they hope that I will be hurt" or "they hope that very bad things will happen to me" (UDB) +Possible meanings are 1) "they hope that very bad things will happen to me" or 2) "they are planning to hurt me." -## An evil disease... holds tightly to him ## +# An evil disease ... to him -AT: He has an evil disease that will not leave him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +His enemies speak of "disease" as if it were a person who has captured him. AT: "He is sick with a fatal disease" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## An evil disease ## +# An evil disease Possible meanings are 1) "A fatal disease" or 2) "Something evil" -## has lifted up his heel against me ## +# now that he is lying down, he will rise up no more -AT: "has betrayed me" (See: UDB and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the words "lying down" refer to lying in bed because of illness. That he will not "rise up" means that he will continue to lie down, which is a euphemism for death. AT: "now that he is sick in bed, he will die there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# has lifted up his heel against me + +This is an idiom that means his friend betrayed him. AT: "has betrayed me" or "has turned against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/041/010.md b/psa/041/010.md index 935d34e84f..0169b6a38b 100644 --- a/psa/041/010.md +++ b/psa/041/010.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## But you, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up ## +# But you, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up -This is a request. AT: "Please, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raised me up" +This is a request. AT: "Please, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]]) -## raise me up ## +# raise me up -"make me well" +This means to raise him up from his bed, or to make him recover from his disease. AT: "make me well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## so that I may pay them back ## +# so that I may pay them back -"so that I may pay back my enemies" or "so that I may harm my enemies as they have harmed me" +The writer speaks of revenge on his enemies as if it were paying to them what he owes. AT: "so that I may take revenge on them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## By this I know that you delight in me, for my enemy does not triumph over me ## +# By this I know that you delight in me, for my enemy does not triumph over me -AT: "And because my enemy does not triumph over me, I know that you delight in me" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-order]]) +The word "this" refers to what the writer will say next. For clarity, the clauses may be reversed. AT: "Because my enemy does not triumph over me, I know that you delight in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) -## you delight in me ## +# By this I know that you delight in me, for my enemy does not triumph over me -"you are pleased with me" (UDB) +This can also be translated in future tense, since Yahweh has not yet healed him. AT: "If you enable me to do that, with the result that my enemies do not defeat me, I will know that you are pleased with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## you support me in my integrity ## +# you support me in my integrity -AT: "you support me because of my integrity" +"you support me because of my integrity" -## will keep me before your face ## +# will keep me before your face -AT: "will let me be with you" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of being in Yahweh's presence as being in a place where Yahweh can see him and he can see Yahweh's face. AT: "will keep me with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/041/013.md b/psa/041/013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1bbe36b85c --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/041/013.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + +This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 1 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 1 and ends with Psalm 41. + +# from everlasting to everlasting + +This refers to two extremes and means for all time. AT: "for all eternity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Amen and Amen + +The word "Amen" is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. AT: "May it certainly be so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/041/intro.md b/psa/041/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7ffd8b5112 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/041/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 041 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 41 is a psalm of deliverance. The author's friends had become his enemies who wanted to see him die but he trusted God to rescue him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Enemies ##### +The author's best friend had become an enemy. His enemies were happy because they were sure his sickness would result in death. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 41:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../040/intro.md) | [>>](../042/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/042/001.md b/psa/042/001.md index d2dbc6881d..a2bbf61667 100644 --- a/psa/042/001.md +++ b/psa/042/001.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## For the chief musician ## +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A maschil ## +# A maschil This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). -## As the deer pants ... so my soul pants after you ## +# As the deer pants after streams of water, so I thirst for you, God -The author's desire for God is compared to a thirsty deer that needs water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The author compares his desire for God to the desire of a thirsty deer for water. -## my soul pants after you ... My soul thirsts for God ## - -The author uses the eternal part of a person that relates to God to refer to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## pants ## +# pants heavy breathing from an animal or person that is very tired or thirsty -## thirsts for God ## +# I thirst for you, God ... thirst for God -The author uses the example of thirst to express a strong desire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The author speaks of his strong desire for God as if it were a strong thirst for water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## when will I come and appear before God? ## +# when will I come and appear before God? The author does not ask this question to get an answer but to show his strong desire to be before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/042/003.md b/psa/042/003.md index afdb50a6fa..b0d17e6b5a 100644 --- a/psa/042/003.md +++ b/psa/042/003.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## My tears have been my food ## +# My tears have been my food -The author refers to his tears as his food to express how great his sadness is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The author refers to his tears as if they are food that he eats. This means that he is so sad that he cannot eat. AT: "My tears are like my food and I eat nothing else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## day and night ## +# day and night -This phrase refers to the entire day by referring to both its beginning and end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This phrase refers to the entire day by referring to both its beginning and end. AT: "all day long" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## my enemies are always saying to me ## +# my enemies are always saying to me -This is an exaggeration; his enemies are not saying this constantly are saying it often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is an exaggeration. His enemies are not saying this constantly; they are saying it often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Where is your God? ## +# Where is your God? -The author's enemies use this question to express that they do not see his God helping him. AT: "Your God is not here to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The author's enemies use this question to mock him and to express that they do not see his God helping him. AT: "Your God is not here to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## call to mind ## +# call to mind -"remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom that means to remember or think about something. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I pour out my soul ## +# I pour out my soul -The author uses this phrase to say that he is expressing his inmost thoughts and desires in prayer to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the word "soul" refers to the emotions. The author speaks of his soul as if it is a liquid that he pours out. The phrase means that he is expressing his emotional grief. AT: "I express my sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## joy and praise ## +# the throng + +"the crowd of people" + +# joy and praise This phrase uses two different words to express one idea. AT: "joyful praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/042/005.md b/psa/042/005.md index 8248cf6bc5..5be1bb3470 100644 --- a/psa/042/005.md +++ b/psa/042/005.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Why are you bowed down, my soul? ## +# Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me? -The author refers to himself as "my soul". He asks a question meaning that he should not be discouraged. AT: "I should not be discouraged." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The author refers to his inner self as his "soul," which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. AT: "I should not be bowed down. I should not be worried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## for the help of his presence ## +# bowed down -"for being with me and helping me" +The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. AT: "discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## therefore I call you to mind ## +# Hope in God -"I think of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) -## from the land of the Jordan ## +# My God, my soul -"there in my homeland of Israel where the Jordan River flows down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The writer begins to speak to God about his soul. -## peaks ## +# I call you to mind + +This phrase means to remember or to think about something. AT: "I think of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the land of the Jordan + +This is probably a reference to northern Israel, where the Jordan river originates. AT: "the land where the Jordan river begins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# peaks mountain tops -## hill of Mizar ## +# hill of Mizar This is the name of a hill at the base of Mount Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/042/007.md b/psa/042/007.md index e14fadfa2b..80e41aa43e 100644 --- a/psa/042/007.md +++ b/psa/042/007.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Deep calls to deep ## +# Deep calls to deep at the noise of your waterfalls -The word "deep" refers to deep water and is a symbol of great misfortune and sadness. They "call" to another, in that they come quickly, one after another. AT: "I have continuous troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "deep" refers to deep waters, which here are likely the streams rushing down Mount Hermon. The writer speaks of them as if they are people calling out to one another as they hear the sound of their own descent from the mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## at the noise of your waterfalls ## +# all your waves ... have gone over me -"like the continuous noise of a waterfall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The author speaks of his great misfortune and sadness as if they are deep waters that drown him with one wave after another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## all your waves ... have gone over me ## +# your waves and your billows -The author uses the idea of being covered by waves to show that he is overwhelmed by his sadness and by everything that God is allowing to happen to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "billows" is another word for "waves." Together the two words emphasize the greatness of the waves. AT: "all of your great waves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## your waves and your billows ## +# Yahweh will command his covenant faithfulness in the daytime -Both of these phrases refer different types of waves. AT: "your waves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness as if it were a person whom he commands to be with him. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "Yahweh will show me his covenant faithfulness in the daytime" or "Yahweh will show me in the daytime how faithful he is to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his song + +Possible meanings are 1) "the song that he gives me" or "the song about him" + +# the God of my life + +"the God who gives me life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/042/009.md b/psa/042/009.md index dc6b54aab0..d9e1a0d8fa 100644 --- a/psa/042/009.md +++ b/psa/042/009.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## I will say to God, my rock ## +# I will say to God, my rock -The author sees God as his protection and refers to him as a rock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of God as if he were a huge rock that would provide protection from enemy attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Why do I go mourning ## +# Why do I go mourning -To go mourning is to perform customs related to being very sad. +To "go mourning" is to perform customs related to being very sad. -## As with a sword in my bones ## +# As with a sword in my bones -The author describes his adversaries' rebukes as receiving a fatal wound. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer describes his adversaries' rebukes as his receiving a fatal wound. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## they always say to me ## +# they always say to me This is an exaggeration; his enemies are not saying this constantly but are saying it often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Where is your God? ## +# Where is your God? -The author's enemies use this question to express that they do not see God helping him. AT: "Your God is not here to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer's enemies use this question to mock him and to express that they do not see God helping him. AT: "Your God is not here to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/042/011.md b/psa/042/011.md index 94ad6eeb35..0a59e62287 100644 --- a/psa/042/011.md +++ b/psa/042/011.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Why are you bowed down, my soul? ## +# Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me? -The author refers to himself as "my soul". The author speaks to himself as if he were speaking to another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The author refers to his inner self as his "soul," which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](./005.md). AT: "I should not be bowed down, I should not be worried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## he is the help of my face and my God ## +# bowed down -The author refers to himself as "my face". AT: "he is my help and he is my God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Also, this is written as two phases so that it has a stronger meaning. If necessary they can be combined. AT: "my God helps me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](./005.md). AT: "discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Hope in God + +The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](./005.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/042/intro.md b/psa/042/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b7dd6b45a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/042/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Psalm 042 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 42 is a psalm of praise for all that God has done and a prayer for deliverance from the psalmist's enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Yahweh's deliverance ##### +The psalmist praises God as he remembers what God has done for him in the past, and he puts his trust in him. He needs rescuing from his enemies. Scholars believe that this psalm is about a man in exile longing for Jerusalem. + +##### Psalm 42 and Psalm 43 ##### +Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm. + +##### Superscription ##### +This psalm is called "a Maschil of the sons of Korah." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 42:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../041/intro.md) | [>>](../043/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/043/001.md b/psa/043/001.md index 8f985e6821..c6035dad28 100644 --- a/psa/043/001.md +++ b/psa/043/001.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the God of my strength ## +# General Information: -AT: "the God who gives me strength" +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## thrown me away ## +# the God of my strength -The author feels that God has rejected him and compares it to being thrown away. AT: "rejected me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "the God who protects me" or 2) "the God who gives me strength." -## Why do I go mourning ## +# Why have you rejected me? Why do I go about in mourning because of the oppression of the enemy? -To go mourning is to perform customs related to being very sad. \ No newline at end of file +The writer asks these questions in order to complain to God and express his emotions, not to receive an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why do I go about in mourning + +To "go about in mourning" is to perform customs related to being very sad. + +# because of the oppression of the enemy + +The word "oppression" can be translated as a verb. AT: "because my enemy oppresses me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/043/003.md b/psa/043/003.md index 938f6a4a74..f3091919b5 100644 --- a/psa/043/003.md +++ b/psa/043/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Oh, send out your light ... let them lead me ## +# send out your light and your truth -The words your light and your truth have the same meaning. AT: "Please give me your truths to guide my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The writer speaks of God's deliverance as if it were a light that shows him the way and truth that teaches him how to live. AT: "guide me with your light and truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## holy hill ## +# holy hill -The Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by the hill it is built on. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where the temple is located and thus to the temple itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## exceeding joy ## +# to your dwelling -AT: "very great joy" \ No newline at end of file +"to the place where you live" + +# God my exceeding joy + +"God who is my very great joy" or "God who gives me very great joy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/043/005.md b/psa/043/005.md index 3f881940e3..1ae854db8b 100644 --- a/psa/043/005.md +++ b/psa/043/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Why are you bowed down, my soul? ## +# Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me? -The author refers to himself as "my soul". The author speaks to himself as if he were speaking to another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The author refers to his inner self as his "soul," which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). AT: "I should not be bowed down. I should not be worried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## disquieted ## +# bowed down -"not at peace" +The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). AT: "discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my help and my God ## +# Hope in God -This is written as two phases so that it has a stronger meaning. If necessary they can be combined. AT: "my God helps me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) + +# my salvation and my God + +The phrase "my salvation" refers to God. If necessary the two phrases can be combined. AT: "my God who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/043/intro.md b/psa/043/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..01c1188ab9 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/043/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 043 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 43 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a plea for rescue from the psalmist's enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Encouragement ##### +The author should not be discouraged because he trusts in God to deliver him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +##### Psalm 42 and Psalm 43 ##### +Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 43:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../042/intro.md) | [>>](../044/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/001.md b/psa/044/001.md index 0e328dc52f..7a0cfa9d82 100644 --- a/psa/044/001.md +++ b/psa/044/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## For the chief musician ## +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A psalm of the sons of Korah ## +# A psalm of the sons of Korah "This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote." -## A maschil ## +# A maschil -This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). -## did in their days, in the days of old ## +# We have heard with our ears, God + +The word "ears" adds emphasis to the statement that they have heard and understood the things that the writer is about to describe. The writer addresses this statement to God. AT: "God, we have heard clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in their days, in the days of old Both of these phrases use the word "days" to refer to the time period when the ancestors of the people of Israel were alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## drove out the nations ## +# You drove out the nations -"caused the people from other nations to leave" +"You forced the people from other nations to leave" -## planted our people ## +# with your hand -The word "planted" compares when Yahweh gave Israel to his people as their home to putting a plants roots in the soil so it can grow there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hand" refers to God's power. AT: "by your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you planted our people + +The writer speaks of God's causing the Israelites to live in the land as if he were planting them in the soil like he would a tree. AT: "you caused our people to live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/003.md b/psa/044/003.md index fc700603f6..c0af1b4605 100644 --- a/psa/044/003.md +++ b/psa/044/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## by their own sword ## +# by their own sword -The word "sword" refers to the military power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "sword" refers to military power. AT: "by fighting with their own swords" or "by their own army's strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your arm ## +# their own arm -Yahweh's arm refers to his power. AT: "your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "arm" refers to power. AT: "their own power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the light of your face ## +# the light of your face -This part of Yahweh refers to his guidance. AT: "your guidance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +You may supply a verb for this phrase. AT: "the light of your face obtained the land for their possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## victory for Jacob ## +# your right hand, your arm -The people of Israel are referred to by the name of their ancestor "Jacob". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the words "hand" and "arm" both refer to God's power. Combined, they emphasize the greatness of God's power. AT: "your great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the light of your face + +The writer speaks of Yahweh looking with favor upon them and being kind to them as if Yahweh's face shone a light on them. AT: "your kindness" or "your good favor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# victory for Jacob + +The people of Israel are referred to by the name of their ancestor "Jacob." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/005.md b/psa/044/005.md index 7c38774de7..95949ced97 100644 --- a/psa/044/005.md +++ b/psa/044/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## through you ... through your ## +# Through you ... through your -"by you" ... "by your" +"By you ... by your" -## push down... tread them under... rise up ## +# push down ... tread them under ... rise up -These phrases use up and down to refer to fighting their enemies. If they have been pushed down, they have been defeated. If they rise up, they prepare to fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The writer speaks of his enemies' defeat as if they are "down" and of their preparing to fight as if they are "up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## tread them under ## +# through your name -"walk on top of them" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "name" refers to God's power and authority. AT: "by your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tread them under + +"tread them under our feet" or "walk on top of them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/007.md b/psa/044/007.md index 69fe983486..57db9ffead 100644 --- a/psa/044/007.md +++ b/psa/044/007.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# we have made our boast + +The word "boast" can be translated with a verb. AT: "we have boasted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# we will give thanks to your name + +Here the word "name" refers to God, himself. AT: "we will give thanks to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/009.md b/psa/044/009.md index 595bd6a1ef..c81f1268df 100644 --- a/psa/044/009.md +++ b/psa/044/009.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## thrown us off ## +# thrown us off -This phrase compares God's rejection of the people of Israel like an unwanted piece of clothing he has thrown off. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of God's rejection of Israel as if he were discarding an unwanted piece of clothing. AT: "rejected us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## spoil ## +# spoil resources and treasures that an army collects after winning a battle -## like sheep destined for food ## +# You have made us like sheep destined for food -The Israelites compare themselves to sheep that are to be killed for food. AT: "you have allowed us to be unprotected" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer compares the Israelites to sheep that people kill and eat. As sheep are helpless before those who kill them, so the Israelites are helpless before their enemies. AT: "You have allowed our enemies to kill us like they would kill a sheep and eat it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## destined for food ## +# destined for food -"are for food" +"destined to become food that people eat" -## scattered us among the nations ## +# scattered us among the nations -AT: "caused us to live separately in different nations instead of living together in Israel" \ No newline at end of file +"caused us to live in many different nations" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/012.md b/psa/044/012.md index 5db84b485d..e3dc2f61d1 100644 --- a/psa/044/012.md +++ b/psa/044/012.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## sell your people for nothing ## +# sell your people for nothing -When Yahweh allows his people to be taken into slavery they compare it to being sold for no money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of Yahweh allowing Israel's enemies to conquer them as if he were selling the people of Israel to their enemies but does not require any payment from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You make us a rebuke ... a scoffing and a derision ... ## +# You make us a rebuke to our neighbors, scoffed and mocked by those around us -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - These two phrases are parallel emphasizing how they are mocked by the people they live among. +These two phrases are parallel emphasizing how the people among whom they live mock them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## a scoffing and a derision ## +# You make us a rebuke to our neighbors -These two words have the same meaning. They are both nouns meaning something that is mocked or ridiculed. AT: "a mockery and an object of ridicule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The word "rebuke" can be translated as a verb. AT: "You make us something that our neighbors rebuke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## an insult among ... a shaking of the head ... ## +# scoffed and mocked by those around us -These phrases are parallel emphasizing how wide-spread their ridicule is among the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those around us scoff at us and mock us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# an insult among ... a shaking of the head + +These phrases are parallel emphasizing how intensely the nations around them mock them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You make us an insult among the nations + +The word "insult" can be translated as a verb. AT: "You make the nations around us insult us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a shaking of the head among the peoples + +The phrase "a shaking of the head" can be translated in verbal form. AT: "something at which the peoples shake their heads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# a shaking of the head + +This was a gesture that people used to show scorn to others. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/015.md b/psa/044/015.md index 001cd8730a..81f338e583 100644 --- a/psa/044/015.md +++ b/psa/044/015.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## my dishonor is before me ## +# my dishonor is before me -This phrase means that he is always thinking about his dishonor, like you would think about something that was always in front of you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The writer speaks of his dishonor as if it were an object that is always in front of him for him to see. The phrase means that he is always thinking about his dishonor. AT: "I think about my dishonor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the shame of my face ## +# the shame of my face has covered me -The author refers to himself by his face, which is the part of his body that other people recognize him by. AT: "my shame" or "my shameful reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The writer speaks of his shame as if it is an object that covers him like a blanket would cover him. AT: "the shame of my face has overwhelmed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## has covered me ## +# the shame of my face -This phrase refers to how his shame has effected everything in his life. AT: "is all over me" or "has become very great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"the shame that shows on my face." This refers to his facial expressions that his shame causes. -## him who rebukes and insults ## +# because of the voice of him who rebukes and insults -Both of these words have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the words "the voice" represents the person insulting him. AT: "because of what the person says who rebukes and insults me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# rebukes and insults + +These words have similar meanings and emphasize the harsh nature of what this person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/018.md b/psa/044/018.md index d78c234cc0..8d5b6e6aa4 100644 --- a/psa/044/018.md +++ b/psa/044/018.md @@ -1,31 +1,51 @@ -## Our heart has…secrets of the heart ## +# Our heart has not turned back ... have not gone from your way -The people refer to themselves as the part of the body related to emotions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +These two phrases are parallel. The writer speaks of loyalty to God as if it were following him, and disloyalty as if it were turning away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## turned back…steps have not gone from your way ## +# Our heart has not turned back -These phrases compare continuing to follow a person to being loyal to him, and turning away as not being loyal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the word "heart" refers to the emotions, and specifically to loyalty and devotion. AT: "We have not stopped being loyal to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the place of jackals ## +# you have severely broken us -a wild, uninhabitable place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of God's punishment as if it were breaking a fragile object. AT: "you have punished us severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## jackals ## +# in the place of jackals + +The writer speaks of Israel after God's punishment as if it were a wild, uninhabitable place. AT: "and made our land like a place where jackals live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# jackals a type of wild dog -## the shadow of death ## +# covered us with the shadow of death -Having death's shadow near you or over you means death is as close as a person's shadow. +The writer speaks of death as if it is an object that casts a shadow over those who are about to die. AT: "made us so that we are about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## spread out our hands ## +# If we have forgotten the name of our God -This phrase refers to worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "name" refers to God, himself. To forget God is to stop worshiping him. This is something that did not happen. AT: "If we had forgotten our God" or "If we had stopped worshiping our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## would not God search this out? ## +# spread out our hands to a strange god -This question is used to express that God would know if they worshipped another god because he pays attention to what they do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Spreading out the hands is a gesture that people used to worship and pray to a god. AT: "worshiped a strange god" or "prayed to a strange god" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## sheep for the slaughter ## +# would not God search this out? -The writer compares the people of Israel to sheep that are supposed to be killed because they are not useful alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer uses this question to express that God would know if they worshiped another god. AT: "God would certainly find out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he knows the secrets of the heart + +Here the word "heart" refers to the mind and thoughts. AT: "he knows what a person secretly thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# we are being killed all day long + +The phrase "all day long" is an exaggeration to emphasize that their people are being killed frequently. This can be stated in active form. AT: "we are always in danger of people killing us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we are considered to be sheep for the slaughter + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people consider us to be sheep for the slaughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sheep for the slaughter + +The writer compares the Israelites to sheep that people kill and eat. As sheep are helpless before those who kill them, so the Israelites are helpless before their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/023.md b/psa/044/023.md index be560a6ca9..b4e6058e51 100644 --- a/psa/044/023.md +++ b/psa/044/023.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## why do you sleep...hide your face ## +# Awake, why do you sleep, Lord? -These phrases are used to refer to the Lord not doing anything to help. People who sleep and hide are not working to help. AT: "You should save us from our troubles." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This does not mean that God is actually asleep. The writer speaks of God's seeming inactivity as if God is sleeping. He asks the question to rebuke God for appearing not to be concerned about their troubles. AT: "Wake up! I feel like you are sleeping, Lord!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## throw us off ## +# do not throw us off -Taking off a piece of clothing is used to describe how God has rejected the people of Israel. +The writer speaks of God's rejection of Israel as if he were discarding an unwanted piece of clothing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 44:9](./009.md). AT: "do not reject us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Why do you hide your face ## +# Why do you hide your face ... our oppression? -The word "face" is used to refer to the Lord's attention since a person turns their face to what they would like to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AT: "You are not helping us" +The writer uses this question to complain that God appears to be ignoring them. AT: "Do not hide your face ... our oppression." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## our affliction and our oppression ## +# hide your face -"we are oppressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The writer speaks of God ignoring them as if God were hiding his face so that he could not see them. AT: "ignore us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## forget our affliction and our oppression ## +# forget our affliction and our oppression -"even though our enemies oppress us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "affliction" and "oppression" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the severity of their affliction. These words may also be translated as verbs. AT: "forget that people afflict us and oppress us" or "forget that people greatly afflict us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/025.md b/psa/044/025.md index 042d2cdbd5..21e6f54810 100644 --- a/psa/044/025.md +++ b/psa/044/025.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## For we have melted away into the dust ## +# For we have melted away into the dust; our bodies cling to the earth -When something melts it becomes smaller until it disappears. If what gives them life has become small and weak then they cannot take action to help themselves. Both fear and sadness can cause this feeling. AT: "We are so afraid it is like the part of us that helps us fight has melted away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These parallel phrases share similar meanings. The writer describes his people as lying on the ground in a posture of defeat and humiliation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## bodies cling to the earth ## +# For we have melted away into the dust -This is another way to say they have no energy to fight any longer. Like they are so weak they have fallen and lift themselves off the ground. +The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were objects, such as ice, that melt and soak into the dirt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Rise up ## +# our bodies cling to the earth -This is a command to stand. This phrase is used to refer to beginning to act on something. \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their their bodies were stuck to the ground and they could not raise themselves up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Rise up + +This is a command to stand. This phrase refers to beginning to act on something. AT: "Take action" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# for the sake of your covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "to show that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/044/intro.md b/psa/044/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a1136cce60 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/044/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 044 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 44 is a deliverance psalm. It is a prayer for God's help against enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Enemies ##### +When Israel entered the Promised Land, God fought for them and drove out their enemies. Since their enemies have now defeated them, they are in need of God's help. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +This psalm is called "a Maschil." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 44:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../043/intro.md) | [>>](../045/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/001.md b/psa/045/001.md index f76e502bca..f149046711 100644 --- a/psa/045/001.md +++ b/psa/045/001.md @@ -1,45 +1,47 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +# For the chief musician -## set to Shoshanim ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to Shoshannim This may refer to a style or the tune of the music. Sometimes it is translated as "set to the tune of 'Lilies.'" -## A psalm of the sons of Korah ## +# A psalm of the sons of Korah "This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote." -## A maschil ## +# A maschil This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). -## A song of loves ## +# A song of loves "A love song" -## overflows ## +# My heart overflows on a good subject -"is overwhelmed" or "is excited" +The writer speaks of his heart as if it were a container that overflows with liquid. The word "heart" represents his emotions, which are excited by the song that he sings. AT: "My emotions are excited about a good subject" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a good subject ## +# a good subject -"a noble theme" or "a good word" +"a noble theme" or "a beautiful word." This refers to the song that he has written. -## composed ## +# composed to have written or created a song -## my tongue is the pen of a ready writer ## +# my tongue is the pen of a ready writer -The author's tongue is compared to a pen. The author refers to himself by his tongue, because that is the part of his boy he speaks with. AT: "My tongue is like the pen of person who writes well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The writer speaks of his tongue as if it were a pen. He speaks words as skillfully as an experienced writer writes words. AT: "my tongue is like the pen of person who writes well" or "I speak words as skillfully as an experienced writer can write words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You are fairer than the children of men ## +# You are fairer than the children of mankind -This phrase exaggerates how the king looks, saying that he is better looking than all the children born of men. AT: "you are better looking than most other children born of men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This phrase is an exaggeration that emphasizes that the king is better looking than anyone else. The phrase "children of mankind" is an idiom and refers to all humans. AT: "You are more handsome than any other man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## grace is poured onto your lips ## +# grace is poured onto your lips -The lips of the king refers to his ability to speak. Poured grace expresses that God has greatly blessed the king's ability to speak. AT: "you speak gracefully" or "you speak beautifully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of grace as if it were oil that someone has used to anoint the king's lips. The word "lips" refers to the king's speech. The phrase means that the king speaks eloquently. AT: "it is as if someone has anointed your lips with oil" or "you speak eloquently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/003.md b/psa/045/003.md index a7a9c247c6..856d22252f 100644 --- a/psa/045/003.md +++ b/psa/045/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Put your sword on your thigh ## +# Put your sword on your side -A sword hung from a belt against the thigh. This phrase describes an action of someone preparing for battle. AT: "Prepare for battle" +Warriors carried their swords in a sheath that hung from a belt around their waist. The sword would rest against their side. This phrase describes an action of someone preparing for battle. AT: "Prepare yourself for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## thigh ## +# ride on triumphantly -the upper section of the leg +The writer tells the king to ride his horse or chariot to victory. -## because of trustworthiness, meekness, and righteousness ## +# because of trustworthiness, meekness, and righteousness -These are qualities of the mighty one. AT: because you fight for what is true and right" +The abstract nouns "trustworthiness," "meekness," and "righteousness" can be stated as adjectives. Possible meanings are 1) these are qualities of the mighty one. AT: "because you are trustworthy, meek, and righteous" or 2) these are virtues that he fights to uphold for the people whom he rules. AT: "in order to fight for what is trustworthy, meek, and right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## your right hand will teach you ## +# your right hand will teach you fearful things -The right hand is the hand most soldiers held a sword in. It could be said to teach them through the experience they gained in battle. AT: "You will become a great warrior by fighting in many battles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Most soldiers held their swords with their right hands when they fought. Here, the phrase "right hand" refers to his ability to fight, which the writer speaks of as if it were a person who can teach the king through the experience he gains in battle. AT: "You will learn to accomplish great military feats by fighting in many battles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# fearful things + +"awesome deeds." This refers to military victories that cause his enemies to fear him and his allies to revere him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/005.md b/psa/045/005.md index 2b1a00758f..3093946670 100644 --- a/psa/045/005.md +++ b/psa/045/005.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## the peoples fall under you ... hearts of the king’s enemies ## +# the peoples fall under you -This describes the king's enemies dying in battle. For AT see UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This phrase refers to the king defeating his enemies. Possible meanings are 1) "the peoples fall at your feet in surrender" or 2) "the peoples fall dead at your feet." -## Your throne, God, is forever and ever ## +# your arrows are in the hearts of the king's enemies -The author turns his attention from the king and speaks to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) The word "throne" is used to refer to rule as a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AT: "God you will rule on your throne forever and ever" +"your arrows have pierced the hearts of your enemies." The writer speaks to the king while referring to the king in the third person. -## forever and ever ## +# Your throne ... is forever and ever -Both of these words have the same meaning. They are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The word "throne" represents the kingdom and rule of the king. AT: "Your kingdom ... is forever and ever" or "You will reign ... forever and ever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## You have loved ## +# Your throne, God -The author returns to speaking to the king. +Possible meanings are that the word "God" 1) is a title for the king, who is God's representative or 2) modifies the word "throne" and means "Your kingdom that God has given you." -## oil of gladness ## +# a scepter of justice is the scepter of your kingdom -Gladness is referred to as an oil that can be poured on a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "scepter" represents the king's authority to rule his kingdom. AT: "you rule your kingdom with justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness + +The writer speaks of gladness as if it were an oil that God used to anoint the king. That God has anointed him is a symbolic action that represents God's choosing him to be king. AT: "when God appointed you as king, he made you very glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/008.md b/psa/045/008.md index bae1f8d0de..fd87321fe5 100644 --- a/psa/045/008.md +++ b/psa/045/008.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## myrrh, aloes, and cassia - ## +# General Information: -** These are substances collected from plants to make perfume. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +Here the writer begins to describe what appears to be the wedding ceremony of the king and his bride. -## ivory palaces ## +# myrrh, aloes, and cassia -Ivory is a hard white substance that forms animal's tusks. This phrase describes a palace decorated with items made of ivory. +These are aromatic plant substances that people used to make perfumes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## honorable women ## +# ivory palaces + +Ivory is a hard white substance that forms animal's tusks. This phrase describes a palace with walls and furniture that people have decorated with ivory. + +# stringed instruments have made you glad + +The words "stringed instruments" refers to the music that people make by playing the stringed instruments. AT: "the music of stringed instruments has made you glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# honorable women These women are wives of the king who receive his approval. -## Ophir ## +# the queen -This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a reference to the woman who will become queen. AT: "your bride, the queen" or "your bride, who will be the queen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Ophir + +This is the name of a place that had a reputation for its fine gold. The location is unknown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/010.md b/psa/045/010.md index 6bc203a452..bef84bea27 100644 --- a/psa/045/010.md +++ b/psa/045/010.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Listen, daughter ## +# Listen, daughter -The author begins to speak to the queen and refers to her as a daughter because she is a young woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +The writer begins to speak to the queen and refers to her as "daughter" because she is a young woman. -## incline your ear ## +# incline your ear -Incline means to bend forward and describes a person who leans forward to listen better. AT: "listen carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The writer speaks of listening carefully to something as if it were bending one's ear towards the person who is speaking. AT: "listen carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## forget your own people ## +# forget your own people -This phrase asks the queen to forget the customs and beliefs of the queen's people. AT: "do not follow the customs of your people" +The writer speaks of the queen no longer following the beliefs and customs of her native people as if it were forgetting them. AT: "no longer follow the customs of your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## In this way ## +# your father's house -AT: "and" or "so" +Here the word "house" refers to family. AT: "your relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the king will desire your beauty ## +# In this way -This is a polite way to say that the king will to sleep with the queen as his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"and" or "so" + +# the king will desire your beauty + +This is a polite way to say that the king will want to sleep with the queen as his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/012.md b/psa/045/012.md index 4bbb233dfa..10519ccccd 100644 --- a/psa/045/012.md +++ b/psa/045/012.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -The author continues to speak to the queen. +# General Information: -## The daughter of Tyre ## +The writer continues to speak to the queen. -This is a metaphor for the people of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# The daughter of Tyre -## royal daughter ## +The writer speaks of the people who live in Tyre as if they are Tyre's children. AT: "The people of Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "the young woman the king will marry" +# The royal daughter -## her clothing is worked with gold ## +This is a reference to the woman whom the king will marry. AT: "The king's bride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "tailors use gold to make her clothes" \ No newline at end of file +# all glorious + +"very beautiful." This refers to the woman's appearance. + +# her clothing is worked with gold + +Her clothing is decorated or embroidered with gold. This can be stated in active form. AT: "she wears clothing that someone has embroidered with golden thread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/014.md b/psa/045/014.md index 07a97d7e2a..9956bd84c4 100644 --- a/psa/045/014.md +++ b/psa/045/014.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -The author continues to speak about the queen. +# General Information: -## embroidered ## +The author continues to speak about the queen but begins to address the king again. + +# She will be led to the king in embroidered dress + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will lead her to the king as she wears an embroidered dress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# embroidered a design made by sewing colored threads into cloth -## They will be led by gladness and rejoicing ## +# the virgins, her companions who follow her, will be brought to you -This phrase describes "gladness and rejoicing" as a person who leads others to celebrate. AT: "The bride and her companions go forward, very glad and full of joy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "you" refers to the king. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will bring to you the virgins, her companions who follow her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will be led by gladness and rejoicing + +This phrase describes "gladness and rejoicing" as a person who leads others to celebrate. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Gladness and rejoicing will lead them" or "They will proceed with gladness and rejoicing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# gladness and rejoicing + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. AT: "great gladness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/016.md b/psa/045/016.md index a33cfa9d47..f54a52910e 100644 --- a/psa/045/016.md +++ b/psa/045/016.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## I will make your name ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "I" refers to the author. The word "your" refers to God. +The writer continues to address the king. -## forever and ever ## +# In the place of your fathers will be your children -These words have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that the king's sons will replace him as king, just as he replaced his ancestors as king. + +# you will make princes in all the earth + +The phrase "in all the earth" is an exaggeration to emphasize that they will rule over many nations. AT: "you will make rulers over many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# I will make your name to be remembered in all generations + +Here the word "I" refers to the writer. The word "name" refers to the king's character and reputation. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will cause people in every generation to know about your greatness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/045/intro.md b/psa/045/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fa9fca54b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/045/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 045 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 45 is a royal psalm written for the king's wedding day. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Beauty ##### +The king has a beautiful palace, and his bride is also beautiful. + +##### Superscription ##### +This psalm is called "a Maschil." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 45:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../044/intro.md) | [>>](../046/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/046/001.md b/psa/046/001.md index 7c8f778b90..b7f0b98ca3 100644 --- a/psa/046/001.md +++ b/psa/046/001.md @@ -1,26 +1,31 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -This psalm is a song of praise. +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A psalm of the sons of Korah; ## +# A psalm of the sons of Korah -This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote;" +"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote" -## set to Alamoth ## +# set to Alamoth -This may refer to a style of music. +This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## God is our refuge and strength ## +# God is our refuge and strength -God is described as a strong place, safe from attack. AT: "God is the reason we are safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. AT: "God gives us safety and strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the heart of the sea ## +# the mountains should be shaken into the heart of the seas -The sea depths are inside the sea like a heart is inside of a person or animal. AT: "into the depths of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of the deepest part of the sea as if it were the sea's heart. Here he describes an earthquake that causes the mountains to crumble and fall into the sea. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the mountains should shake so violently that they fall into the depths of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## mountains tremble with their swelling ## +# though its waters roar and rage -This phrase describes a volcano that is about to erupt. This is an event that would cause fear if a person did not have confidence they were protected by God. AT: "though the mountains tremble as they swell" or "though the volcanoes tremble as they swell" \ No newline at end of file +"though the waters of the sea roar and rage." The words "roar" and "rage" describe the violent movements of the sea during a strong storm. + +# mountains tremble with their swelling + +The phrase "their swelling" refers to the waters of the sea as they rise and crash against the mountains. AT: "the swelling waters cause the mountains to tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/046/004.md b/psa/046/004.md index dca2d30f8c..2daa03eed8 100644 --- a/psa/046/004.md +++ b/psa/046/004.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## There is a river, the streams of which make the city of God happy ## +# There is a river whose streams make the city of God happy -AT: "There is a river whose streams make glad the city of God" or "There is a river that causes the people in God’s city to be glad." +The imagery of a running river symbolizes peace and prosperity for the city of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## the city of God ## +# make the city of God happy -AT: "the people in the city of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The phrase "the city of God" refers to Jerusalem, and represents the people who live in that city. AT: "make the people who live in Jerusalem happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the holy place of the tabernacles of the Most High ## +# the holy place where the Most High dwells -"it is the city where the holy place of the tabernacles of the Most High is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +This phrase describes "the city of God." AT: "the holy place where the Most High lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## God is in the middle of her ## +# in the middle of her; she will not be moved ... help her -The word "her" refers to the "city of God" +The words "her" and "she" refer to "the city of God." -## moved ## +# she will not be moved -"shaken" \ No newline at end of file +Here, the word "moved" is the same word translated as "shaken" in [Psalms v. 2](./001.md). The writer speaks of the destruction of Jerusalem by armies as if an earthquake were to destroy it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "nothing will be able destroy her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/046/006.md b/psa/046/006.md index 6a1e902ad3..63b17bb236 100644 --- a/psa/046/006.md +++ b/psa/046/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## the kingdoms were shaken ## +# The nations raged -AT: "the kingdoms were shaken with fear (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here, the word "raged" is the same word that the writer used in [Psalms v. 3](./001.md) to describe the waters of the sea. The writer speaks of the fear of the nations as if it was the violent movements of the sea during a strong storm. AT: "The nations are terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the earth melted ## +# the kingdoms were shaken -AT: the earth melted in fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here, the word "shaken" is the same word that the writer used in [Psalms v. 2](./001.md) to describe the effect of an earthquake on the mountains. The writer speaks of the overthrow of kingdoms by armies as if an earthquake were to destroy them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "armies overthrew the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## lifted up his voice ## +# he lifted up his voice -To make a voice higher refers to making it louder. +"God lifted up his voice." The writer speaks of the "voice" as an object that a person can pick up and raise into the air. This means that the voice becomes louder. AT: "God shouted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## God of Jacob is our refuge ## +# the earth melted -AT: "God of Jacob is like a refuge because he protects us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of the earth as an object, such as ice, that can melt. Here "the earth" represents mankind, and to melt represents fear. AT: "the people of the earth tremble with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the God of Jacob is our refuge + +The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. AT: "the God of Jacob gives us safety" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the God of Jacob + +Possible meanings are 1) "the God whom Jacob worshiped" or 2) "Jacob" is a metonym for the nation of Israel and means "the God of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/046/008.md b/psa/046/008.md index 6d7ef13272..471ae0a0fb 100644 --- a/psa/046/008.md +++ b/psa/046/008.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes needed for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# He makes wars cease + +"He makes nations stop fighting wars" + +# to the ends of the earth + +This is an idiomatic expression that means everywhere in the word. AT: "everywhere in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he breaks the bow ... burns up the shields + +One way in which Yahweh will make all wars to cease is by destroying the weapons that the armies use to fight one another. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/046/010.md b/psa/046/010.md index f50bb08438..d452fea5f2 100644 --- a/psa/046/010.md +++ b/psa/046/010.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## I will be exalted among the nations; I will be exalted on the earth ## +# Be quiet and know that I am God -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize that God will be exalted everywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here, God begins to speak. -## God of Jacob is our refuge ## +# Be quiet -See how you translated this in [Psalms 46:6](./006.md). \ No newline at end of file +In this context, these words are likely a command to the nations to stop their wars. AT: "Stop fighting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# know that I am God + +Here the word "know" means to understand and to confess that Yahweh is the true God. + +# I will be exalted among the nations; I will be exalted on the earth + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people of every nation in the world will exalt God. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People from every nation will exalt me; people all over the earth will exalt me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge + +The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. See how you translated these lines in [Psalms 46:7](./006.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/046/intro.md b/psa/046/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..49f6fb4157 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/046/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 046 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 46 is a psalm of praise to God. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +God is all-powerful, controls nature, and protects his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 46:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../045/intro.md) | [>>](../047/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/047/001.md b/psa/047/001.md index e1c238fb62..9b26af10d3 100644 --- a/psa/047/001.md +++ b/psa/047/001.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -This psalm is a song of praise. +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship." +# For the chief musician -## A psalm of the sons of Korah ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -“This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote.” +# A psalm of the sons of Korah -## Clap your hands ## +"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote" -Clapping your hands is associated with celebration AT: "Celebrate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Clap your hands -## triumph ## +Clapping your hands is associated with celebration. AT: "Clap your hands in celebration" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -"victory" \ No newline at end of file +# shout to God with the sound of triumph + +"shout to God with joyful voices." Here the word "triumph" refers to the joy associated with victory. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/047/003.md b/psa/047/003.md index 357d27e670..5dfd03d3a0 100644 --- a/psa/047/003.md +++ b/psa/047/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## subdues ## +# He subdues peoples under us and nations under our feet -to control by force. +These two phrases are parallel and mean that God enabled Israel to conquer their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## under us...under our feet ## +# subdues -Authority is described as having a position over others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +to conquer and place under the authority of another -## with a shout...the sound of a trumpet ## +# under us ... under our feet -These phrases use actions associated with celebration to describe the people's celebration. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of conquering other nations as if it were putting those nations underneath their feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He chooses our inheritance for us + +The writer speaks of the land of Israel as if it were an inheritance that God has given the people as a permanent possession. AT: "He chooses this land as an inheritance for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the glory of Jacob + +Here the word "glory" refers to a source of pride and represents the land that God has given to his people as an inheritance. AT: "the land in which Jacob takes pride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Jacob whom he loved + +The word "Jacob" refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God has gone up with a shout + +The writer speaks of God's conquering the nations as if God were a king ascending his throne, which was located in the temple. AT: "God has gone up into the temple as people shouted" or "God has ascended to his throne as people shouted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Yahweh with the sound of a trumpet + +This phrase parallels the previous phrase. The verb may be supplied for clarity. AT: "Yahweh has gone up as people blew trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/047/006.md b/psa/047/006.md index 4de7aa84d1..c581680936 100644 --- a/psa/047/006.md +++ b/psa/047/006.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Sing praises to God, sing praises; sing praises to our King, sing praises. ## +# Sing praises to God, sing praises; sing praises to our King, sing praises -The phrase "sing praises" is repeated for emphasis. You may omit the repetition if it is awkward in your language. Or, you may translate it as "Sing, sing praises to God; sing, sing praises to our King." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "sing praises" is repeated for emphasis. You may omit the repetition if it is awkward in your language. AT: "Sing, sing praises to God; sing, sing praises to our King" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/047/008.md b/psa/047/008.md index fd42e38b52..a410d77266 100644 --- a/psa/047/008.md +++ b/psa/047/008.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## his holy throne ## +# The princes of the peoples -This throne is present and not invisible. +"The rulers of all the nations" -## The princes of the peoples ## +# gathered together to the people -"The princes of all the nations" +Possible meanings are that the rulers of the nations 1) "gather in front of the people" or 2) "gathered together with the people" so that all may worship God as king. -## to the people of the God of Abraham ## +# the shields of the earth belong to God -"with the people belonging to the God of Abraham" - -## shields of the earth belong to Yahweh ## - -The word "shields" refers to the protection of an army. AT: "armies of the earth are controlled by Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are that "shields" 1) refers to instruments of war. AT: "God has more power than the weapons of all the kings on the earth" or 2) refers to the rulers of the nations who are spoken of as shields who protect their nations. AT: "the kings of the earth are subject to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/047/intro.md b/psa/047/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5e20e6f628 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/047/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 047 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 47 is a psalm of praise to God. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's power ##### +God is powerful over all the nations in the world. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 47:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../046/intro.md) | [>>](../048/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/048/001.md b/psa/048/001.md index 1b2daf708d..ad6c477870 100644 --- a/psa/048/001.md +++ b/psa/048/001.md @@ -1,26 +1,39 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: + This psalm is a song about Jerusalem being God's dwelling place. -## a psalm of the sons of Korah ## +# General Information: -“this is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote.” +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## in the city of our God ## +# a psalm of the sons of Korah -AT: "in Jerusalem where the people worship God" +"this is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote" -## Beautiful in elevation, the joy ... is Mount Zion ... on the sides ... of the great King. ## +# greatly to be praised -AT: "Mount Zion looks so beautiful in elevation when she is looked at from her north side. The city of the great King is the joy of the whole earth." +This can be stated in active from. AT: "people are to praise him greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Beautiful in elevation ## +# the city of our God on his holy mountain -The word "elevation" refers to how high something is. AT: "beautiful and tall" +This is a reference to Jerusalem, which was built on Mount Zion. -## joy of the whole earth ## +# the city of our God -AT: "it is loved by all the people of the earth" +Possible meanings are 1) "the city where our God lives" or 2) "the city that belongs to our God" -## God has made himself known in her palaces as a refuge ## +# Beautiful in elevation -AT: "The people of Jerusalem's palaces know that God protects them" \ No newline at end of file +"Beautiful and high." The word "elevation" refers to how high mount Zion is. + +# the joy of the whole earth, is Mount Zion + +Here the word "earth" refers to everyone living on the earth. The word "joy" may be translated as a verb. AT: "Mount Zion gives joy to everyone on earth" or "everyone on earth rejoices because of Mount Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# on the sides of the north + +Possible meanings are that this phrase 1) refers to the direction of the north or 2) is another name for Mount Zion meaning "the mountain of God." + +# God has made himself known in her palaces as a refuge + +The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. AT: "God has made himself known as one who gives safety to the people in Mount Zion's palaces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/048/004.md b/psa/048/004.md index 128a9b4983..1efaa6774a 100644 --- a/psa/048/004.md +++ b/psa/048/004.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## assembled themselves ## +# see -AT: "assembled their armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -## They saw it ## +# assembled themselves -The word "it" refers to Jerusalem. +Here the kings represent their armies. AT: "assembled their armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## then they were amazed ## +# they passed by together -AT: "the city amazed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"together they passed by Jerusalem" -## dismayed ## +# They saw it + +"They saw Jerusalem" + +# dismayed "greatly troubled" -## Trembling ## +# Trembling took hold of them there -"shaking with fear" +The writer speaks of the kings' fear as if it were a person who caused the kings and their armies to tremble. AT: "There they trembled with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## pain as when a woman is in labor ## +# pain as when a woman is in labor -The word "pain" describes the emotion of being in uncontrollable pain. Like "trembling" in the previous phrase, "pain" is in control of them. It is compared to labor pain because it is severe. AT: "pain took hold of them, as when a woman is in labor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of the kings' fear as if it were the pain that a woman experiences in childbirth and speaks of that pain as if it were a person. The verb may be supplied from the previous clause. AT: "pain took hold of them, as when a woman is in labor" or "they became afraid, like a woman is afraid of experiencing labor pains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/048/007.md b/psa/048/007.md index 66b11391b1..5dbd3be7aa 100644 --- a/psa/048/007.md +++ b/psa/048/007.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## With the east wind you break the ships of Tarshish ## +# With the east wind you break the ships of Tarshish -This can be translated two different way: 1) As the author stops his description to address God and describe an example of his great power. (See: like you break [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) 2) As a simile. AT: "They shook like you shatter the ships of Tarshish with the east wind" +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the author describes the kings being afraid as if they were ships that shake because God destroys them with a strong wind. AT: "They shook with fear, as the ships of Tarshish shake when you break them with the east wind" or 2) this is an apostrophe in which the author describes God's great power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## the ships of Tarshish ## +# the east wind -This refers to large ocean ships. AT: "the strong ships of Tarshish" or "the strong ocean ships" +Possible meanings are 1) "a wind blowing from the east" or 2) "a strong wind." -## the east wind ## +# the ships of Tarshish -"a strong wind" +Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) ships that sail to or are built in the city of Tarshish or 2) any large ocean-going ship. -## As we have heard ## +# As we have heard -This refers to the stories of Yahweh's power like the example used in the previous sentence. AT: "As we have heard about your great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +It is implied that what they have heard is the great things that God has done in the past. AT: "As we have heard about the great things that God has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## in the city of Yahweh of hosts, in the city of our God ## +# so have we seen -Both of these phrases refer to the same city. AT: "in the city of our God, Yahweh of hosts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This means that they have seen the proof that the things that they have heard are true. AT: "so we have seen God do great things now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## establish it ## +# in the city of Yahweh of hosts, in the city of our God -This means to set something up and preserve it. AT: "make it last" \ No newline at end of file +Both of these phrases refer to Jerusalem. AT: "in the city of our God, Yahweh of hosts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# establish it + +"make it secure." Here the word "establish means to preserve and make something secure. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/048/009.md b/psa/048/009.md index e81c9976e2..6dc849e017 100644 --- a/psa/048/009.md +++ b/psa/048/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## in the middle of your temple ## +# your covenant faithfulness -"while in the middle of your temple" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "how faithful you are to your covenant" or "how faithful you are to us because of your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## As your name is ... so is your praise to the ends of the earth ## +# in the middle of your temple -These phrases are connected to say God is both praised and known in every place on earth. AT: "People know your name and praise you in every place on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +"as we are in your temple" -## to the ends of the earth ## +# As your name is ... so is your praise to the ends of the earth -See how you translated this in [Psalms 46:8](../046/008.md). +Here the word "name" represents God's character and reputation. The two phrases compare the greatness of God's reputation with how greatly people praise him. AT: "Your name is very great ... and so people throughout the world praise you greatly" or "People all throughout the world have heard of you ... so people throughout the world praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## your right hand is full of righteousness ## +# to the ends of the earth -Since God's right hand is full with righteousness, it cannot hold anything unrighteous. God's right hand refers to his actions. AT: "you only use your power to do righteous things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiomatic expression that means everywhere in the word. See how you translated this in [Psalms 46:9](../046/008.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# your right hand is full of righteousness + +The writer speaks of righteousness as if it were an object that God could hold in his hand. Here the word "hand" refers to God's power and authority to rule. AT: "you rule with righteousness" or "you are righteous as you rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/048/011.md b/psa/048/011.md index d0ec0a7898..821e728142 100644 --- a/psa/048/011.md +++ b/psa/048/011.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## the daughters of Judah ## +# Let Mount Zion be glad -Smaller cities in Judah are referred to as daughters because they developed within the nation. The smaller cities refer to the people who live in those cities. AT: "the smaller cities of Judah" or "the people who live in the smaller cities in Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of Mount Zion as if it were a person who could be glad. The phrase refers to the people who live in Jerusalem. AT: "Let those who live on Mount Zion be glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let the daughters of Judah rejoice + +The writer speaks of the towns in Judah as if they were Judah's children. The phrase refers to the people who live in those towns. AT: "let the people who live in the cities of Judah rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/048/012.md b/psa/048/012.md index 17c6d7d124..b6222e3bd9 100644 --- a/psa/048/012.md +++ b/psa/048/012.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Walk around Mount Zion, go round about her ## +# Walk around Mount Zion, go round about her -These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases are parallel. AT: "Walk all the way around Mount Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## notice well ## +# notice well "notice in detail" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/048/014.md b/psa/048/014.md index 844112b5c5..801e74ab3b 100644 --- a/psa/048/014.md +++ b/psa/048/014.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## forever and ever ## +# he will be our guide -Both of these words have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The word "guide" can be translated as a verb. AT: "he will guide us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## he will be our guide ## +# to death -"he will lead us" - -## to death ## - -AT: "for the rest of our lives" or "until we die" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "until we die" or 2) "forever." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/048/intro.md b/psa/048/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..94c3e24fe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/048/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Psalm 048 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 48 is a psalm of praise for Jerusalem. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jerusalem ##### +Jerusalem has mighty defenses. Foreign nations will be amazed. It is something to remember and testify about. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]]) + +It is helpful to know that "Mount Zion" is often used to refer to the city of Jerusalem. +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 48:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../047/intro.md) | [>>](../049/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/001.md b/psa/049/001.md index 57a98d31d6..2b8eddce9a 100644 --- a/psa/049/001.md +++ b/psa/049/001.md @@ -1,30 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -This psalm is a song that teaches people. +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship." +# For the chief musician -## A psalm of the sons of Korah ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -“This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote.” +# A psalm of the sons of Korah -## Hear this, all you peoples; give ear, all you inhabitants ... ## +"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote" -These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to get people's attention. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# Hear this, all you peoples; give ear, all you inhabitants -## Hear this, all you peoples ## +These two phrases are parallel. Together they strengthen the command for all people to listen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -The author begins to speak to everyone from every people group in the world. Even though the people cannot hear him he does this to express that his message is important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +# give ear -## give ear ## +This idiomatic expression means to use one's ears to listen. AT: "listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -The author asks for the people to listen by asking for the part of the body that listens. AT: "Listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# both low and high -## Both low and high ## +The writer speaks of people who are weak or insignificant in society as being low and of people who are important and powerful as being high. Together, the words "low" and "high" represent all people. AT: "both important people and unimportant people" or "people of every social class" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -A person's respect in their community is expressed by height. A person who is very respected in the community is high and a person who is not respected is considered low. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# rich and poor together -## low and high, rich and poor ## - -There two phrases include all people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Together the words "rich" and "poor" refer to all people, regardless of wealth. AT: "all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/003.md b/psa/049/003.md index 80bb20fce2..6fa379cd4a 100644 --- a/psa/049/003.md +++ b/psa/049/003.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## My mouth will speak wisdom ## +# My mouth will speak wisdom -The author is referred to by the part of the body that is used to speak. AT: "I will speak wise words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "mouth" refers to the whole person who speaks. AT: "I will speak wise words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## and the meditation of my heart will be of understanding. ## +# the meditation of my heart will be of understanding -"and in my deepest thoughts I will have understanding" +Here the word "heart" represents the mind and thoughts. The abstract nouns "meditation" and "understanding" can be translated as verbs. AT: "the thoughts upon which I meditate will help you to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## I will incline my ear to a parable ## +# incline my ear -The author describes a move of his ear to refer to his effort to hear. AT: "I will listen to a parable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The writer speaks of listening carefully to something as if it were bending one's ear towards the person who is speaking. AT: "listen carefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Why should I fear ...? ## +# with the harp -This question is used to emphasize that the author has no reason to be afraid when bad things are done to him. AT: "I have no reason to fear ..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"as I play the harp" -## iniquity surrounds me at my heels? ## +# Why should I fear ... heels? -Here "iniquity" is described as surrounding the author like a group of dangerous wild animals. AT: "the iniquity of my enemies surrounds me" or "my enemies surround me and act wickedly towards me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer asks this question to emphasize that he has no reason to fear when bad things happen. AT: "I have no reason to fear ... heels." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the days of evil + +"when evil things happen." Here the word "days" refers to general periods of time. + +# when iniquity surrounds me at my heels + +Possible meanings are 1) the writer speaks of the evil desires of his enemies as if it were a predator ready to overtake him. AT: "when the iniquity of sinful men is ready to overcome me" or 2) the writer's enemies surround him as they commit their iniquity. AT: "when my enemies surround me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/006.md b/psa/049/006.md index 3634add0c9..dd338f6d08 100644 --- a/psa/049/006.md +++ b/psa/049/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Those who trust in their wealth ## +# those who trust in their wealth These people trust their wealth will keep them from having to suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## about the amount of their riches ## +# about the amount of their riches a large amount of something -## It is certain that no one ## +# It is certain that no one "There is no way that any of them can" or AT: "No one can" -## redeem his brother or give God a ransom for him ## +# no one can redeem his brother or give God a ransom for him -Both of these phrases express that a person cannot pay to save his brother from God. It is understood that he is trying to save his brother from death. AT: "pay money so their brother will not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these phrases express that a person cannot give God enough money to be able to avoid death. AT: "no one can pay money to God so that their brother will not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the redemption of one's life is costly + +The word "redemption" can be translated with a verb. AT: "it costs too much to redeem a person's life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/009.md b/psa/049/009.md index a5c0fb6a1d..6070bb09d0 100644 --- a/psa/049/009.md +++ b/psa/049/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## decay ## +# so that his body should not decay -to be slowly rot +This refers to the body decomposing in the grave. -## he will see decay ## +# he will see decay -AT: "for he will die and his body will decay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The writer speaks of experiencing something as if it were seeing that thing. AT: "he will die and his body will decay" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Wise men die; the fool and the brute alike perish ## +# Wise men die; the fool and the brute alike perish -The author refers to all people by referring to those who have the most and least wisdom. AT: "All men perish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +The author refers to all people by referring to those who have the most and least wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## brute ## +# brute -a violent man \ No newline at end of file +This means a person who is stupid or unintelligent. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/011.md b/psa/049/011.md index 08716518da..d91956026d 100644 --- a/psa/049/011.md +++ b/psa/049/011.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Their inner thought ## +# Their inner thought "Their belief" -## and the places where they live, to all generations ## +# the places where they live, to all generations -AT: "and the places where they live will be passed down as an inheritance to all their future generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "the places where they live will continue to all generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## they call their lands ## +# they call their lands after their own names -"they name their lands" \ No newline at end of file +"they name their lands after themselves." This phrase expresses ownership. AT: "they own their own lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/012.md b/psa/049/012.md index 8c8db1ce91..cae9cde0ea 100644 --- a/psa/049/012.md +++ b/psa/049/012.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## But man, having wealth, does not remain alive ## +# But man, having wealth -AT: "But even is a man has wealth, it does not keep him alive" +"But man, even if he has wealth" -## This, their way, is their folly ## +# This, their way, is their folly -"This is the way of the foolish" +The writer speaks of the fate of fools as if it is the destination at the end of the path on which they walk. AT: "This is the fate of those who practice folly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## yet after them ## +# yet after them -AT: "yet after they die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## approve of their sayings ## - -AT: "agree with their opinions" \ No newline at end of file +"yet after they die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/014.md b/psa/049/014.md index fa0513379d..65e0ff00f0 100644 --- a/psa/049/014.md +++ b/psa/049/014.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + The author continues to describe people who believe their wealth will save them. -## like a flock ## +# Like sheep -People are compared to a flock of sheep because they will follow their shepherd. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer compares people who will all die to a flock of sheep. Just as sheep cannot escape when the butcher decides to slaughter them, so men will not escape when it is their time to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## death will be their shepherd ## +# they are appointed -This phrase refers to death and the person who leads sheep. This means the choices of the people will only result in their deaths. AT: "death will take them away as a shepherd leads away sheep to be slaughtered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has appointed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in the morning ## +# death will be their shepherd -Night is associated with death so the morning refers to after they die. AT: "after they die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of men dying by personifying death as a shepherd who leads them into the grave. AT: "death will take them away as a shepherd leads away sheep to be slaughtered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## sheol will consume their bodies ## +# in the morning -The world of the dead, called sheol, is here spoken of as if it were a person or an animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here the word "morning" is a metaphor that refers to a time when God will vindicate righteous people and save them from evil people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## from the power of sheol ## +# their bodies will be consumed in Sheol -AT: "and sheol will not have any power over me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]} \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of Sheol, the place of the dead, as if it were a person or animal. He speaks of the decay of dead bodies as if Sheol were eating them. AT: "their bodies will decompose in the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God will redeem my life from the power of Sheol + +The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. From the context, it is implied that this power refers to consuming the bodies of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# God will redeem my life + +Here the word "life" refers to the whole person. AT: "God will redeem me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/016.md b/psa/049/016.md index 16ab5fe5a8..7d7b8ec9a5 100644 --- a/psa/049/016.md +++ b/psa/049/016.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## he will take nothing away ## +# the glory of his house increases -"he will not keep anything" +The word "glory" here refers to wealth or riches. Possible meanings are 1) "when he gains more wealth in his house" or 2) "when his family becomes richer." -## his power will not descend with him ## +# he will take nothing away -The word "descend" refers to when a person dies. AT: "his power will not go with him when he dies" or "he will not keep his power when he dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"he will take nothing with him to the grave" + +# his glory will not go down after him + +The phrase "go down" refers to when the man dies. AT: "his glory will not go along with him when he dies" or "he will not keep his reputation when he dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/018.md b/psa/049/018.md index 334f0caec7..aa0fbb4b56 100644 --- a/psa/049/018.md +++ b/psa/049/018.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## He blessed his soul while he lived— ## +# He blessed his soul -The rich man is referred to by referring to his inner self. AT: "he did good things for himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "soul" refers to the whole person. This phrase means that he considered himself to be happy and successful because of his riches. AT: "He congratulated himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## live for yourself ## +# men praise you when you live for yourself -AT: "live to benefit yourself" +Here the writer offers a general statement about how people speak of other people who are successful according to worldly standards. -## and they will never see the light again ## +# live for yourself -"they" refers to all those who have died. AT: "and they will live no more" \ No newline at end of file +This phrase refers to living successfully according to worldly standards. AT: "do well for yourself" or "live successfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he will go to the generation of his fathers + +"he will go to where his fathers' generation is." This is a euphemism that means that the rich man will die and join his ancestors in the grave. AT: "he will join his ancestors in the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# they will never see the light again + +The word "they" refers to the rich man and his ancestors. The word "light" may refer to the sun or be a metaphor for life. AT: "they will never see the sun again" or "they will never live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/049/intro.md b/psa/049/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..13d5ad19a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/049/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 049 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 49 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Riches ##### +Riches do not last forever. They cannot save a person from death, and they cannot be taken from a person at death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forever]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 49:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../048/intro.md) | [>>](../050/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/001.md b/psa/050/001.md index 7fca0189e2..c3c7953f55 100644 --- a/psa/050/001.md +++ b/psa/050/001.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# General Information: + This psalm is a song that teaches people. -## A psalm of Asaph ## +# A psalm of Asaph -“This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." -## The Mighty One, God, Yahweh ## +# The Mighty One, God, Yahweh -The author refers to God in three different ways to add emphasis to his importance. +The author uses three different names to speak of God. -## from the rising of the sun to its setting ## +# called the earth -This refers to the whole earth and everyone in it. AT: "from where to the sun rises to where it sets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Here the word "earth" refers to the people who live on the earth. AT: "called all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the perfection of beauty ## +# from the rising of the sun to its setting -AT: "the most beautiful city" +This phrase refers to the directions east, where the sun rises, and west, where the sun sets. The writer uses these two extremes to represent everywhere on earth. AT: "everywhere on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## God has shone ## +# Zion, the perfection of beauty -AT: "The glory of God shines like the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "Zion, whose beauty is perfect" or 2) "Zion, the most beautiful city." + +# God has shone + +The writer speaks of God as if he were a light that shines. This refers to God causing people to know about his glory. AT: "God's glory shines like a light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/003.md b/psa/050/003.md index 929ab7ec9e..21d56e19e1 100644 --- a/psa/050/003.md +++ b/psa/050/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## does not stay silent ## +# does not stay silent -AT: "he is loud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +The writer uses this negative statement to emphasize the positive. AT: "speaks so that everyone can hear him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## Gather my faithful ones ## +# a fire devours before him -AT: "Let my faithful ones come" \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of a fire burning things as if it were eating them. AT: "a fire burns in front of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# it is very stormy around him + +"there is a great storm around him" + +# He calls to the heavens above and to the earth + +Possible meanings are 1) God is calling on all who live in heaven and on earth to be witnesses as he judges his people or 2) God is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses as he judges his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/006.md b/psa/050/006.md index e451745671..609a66f0f7 100644 --- a/psa/050/006.md +++ b/psa/050/006.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## heavens will declare his righteousness ## +# The heavens will declare -Possible meanings: 1) The angels in heaven are referred to by the place they are from. (UDB) or 2) AT: "The heavens show that God is righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the writer uses the word "heavens" to refer to the angels who live there or 2) the writer speaks of "the heavens" as if they are a person who testifies about God's righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/007.md b/psa/050/007.md index ae1304db4b..7815a1b800 100644 --- a/psa/050/007.md +++ b/psa/050/007.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## reprove ## +# I will not reprove you for your sacrifices -"correct" or "rebuke" +"I will reprove you, but not for your sacrifices." God explains that their sacrifices are not the reason that he is reproving them. -## always before me ## +# reprove -"continually presented to me" \ No newline at end of file +"rebuke" or "reprimand" + +# your burnt offerings are always before me + +This explains why God is not rebuking them for their sacrifices. The phrase "are always before me" refers to being in God's presence and means that his people are always sacrificing their burnt offerings to him. AT: "you are always sacrificing burnt offerings to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/009.md b/psa/050/009.md index b8921e8423..9df533e8f1 100644 --- a/psa/050/009.md +++ b/psa/050/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## folds ## +# folds "pens" or "fences" -## the cattle on a thousand hills ## +# the cattle on a thousand hills -God uses a great number of hills where cattle live to refer to all the cattle in the world. AT: "the cattle of every hilltop" +The phrase "on a thousand hills" does not represent the total number of cattle that God owns. The number is an exaggeration that emphasizes that God owns all of the cattle in the world. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "all the cattle in the world are mine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## thousand hills ## +# thousand hills "1,000 hills" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## I know all the birds ## +# I know all the birds -The Hebrew word translated "know" also implies legal ownership in this passage. AT: "I own all the birds" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "know" implies ownership. AT: "I own all the birds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/012.md b/psa/050/012.md index 69fe983486..acc26e0a94 100644 --- a/psa/050/012.md +++ b/psa/050/012.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# If I were hungry + +This describes something that could not happen, since God does not get hungry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# Will I eat the flesh of bulls or drink the blood of goats? + +God asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not do these things and so has no need for their sacrifices. AT: "I do not eat the flesh of bulls or drink the blood of goats." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/014.md b/psa/050/014.md index 69fe983486..804a8283be 100644 --- a/psa/050/014.md +++ b/psa/050/014.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# Offer to God + +Here God refers to himself. AT: "Offer to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# pay your vows to the Most High + +The writer speaks of "vows" as if they are currency which a person pays to God. AT: "fulfill your vows to the Most High" or "do what you have promised the Most High to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the day of trouble + +Here the word "day" refers to any period of time. AT: "whenever you have troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/016.md b/psa/050/016.md index 1d319166aa..96bb9154d3 100644 --- a/psa/050/016.md +++ b/psa/050/016.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## What have you to do with declaring my statutes ... and throw my words away? ## +# But to the wicked God says -This question can be turned into a statement. AT: "It does not make sense that you declare my statutes and my covenant, since you hate my instructions and throw away my words." or "It is not right for you to declare my statutes ..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here God is still speaking and speaks of himself in the third person. AT: "But to the wicked I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## have taken my covenant in your mouth ## +# to the wicked -AT: "talk about my covenant" or "claim my covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "wicked" refers to wicked people in general. AT: "to wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## throw my words away ## +# What have you to do with declaring my statutes ... and throw my words away? -Here, rejecting what God says, is being compared to throwing away trash. AT: "reject what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +God uses this question to rebuke wicked people. This question can be turned into a statement. AT: "It does not make sense that you declare my statutes and my covenant, since you hate my instructions and throw away my words." or "It is not right for you to declare my statutes ... away." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# have taken my covenant in your mouth + +God speaks of wicked people reciting the words of his covenant as if they are putting the covenant in their mouth. AT: "talk about my covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# throw my words away + +God speaks of the wicked people rejecting what he says as if they were throwing away trash. AT: "reject what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/018.md b/psa/050/018.md index dfd7512794..978a7209a7 100644 --- a/psa/050/018.md +++ b/psa/050/018.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## you agree with him ## +# you agree with him -AT: "you agree with him that it is good to steal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Possible meanings are 1) that they approve of the thief's actions. AT: "you approve or him" or 2) that they join the thief in their actions. AT: "you join him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## You give your mouth to evil...your tongue expresses deceit ## +# You give your mouth to evil -Both of these phrases refer to a person who allows himself to say evil things. AT: "With your mouth you say evil things, and with your tongue you express deceit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +God speaks of a person speaking evil things as if that person's mouth is a messenger whom the person sends to do evil things. AT: "You are always saying evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## speak against your brother...slander your own mother’s son ## +# your tongue expresses deceit -Both of these phrases have the same meaning but use different words. It is repeated to emphasize the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "tongue" represents the person who is speaking. AT: "you are always telling lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# You sit and speak against your brother; you slander your own mother's son + +These two phrases have the same meaning but use different words. God accuses them of speaking falsely against members of their own family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# You sit and speak + +To "sit and speak" against someone implies that this person deliberately thinks of bad things to say about someone. AT: "You always think of ways to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/021.md b/psa/050/021.md index a22646a8e5..99bd4c47fb 100644 --- a/psa/050/021.md +++ b/psa/050/021.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## I was someone just like yourself ## +# you thought that I was someone just like yourself -AT: "I was someone just like yourself who accepts the sins of adulterers and thieves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Since God had kept silent and not yet rebuked the wicked people for their actions, they thought that God approved of what they did. AT: "you thought that I was someone who acts just like you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## reprove ## +# reprove -See how you translated this word in [Psalms 50:7](./007.md). +"rebuke" or "reprimand" -## bring up, right before your eyes ## +# bring up ... all the things you have done -AT: "accuse you and show you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +God speaks of listing all of the evil things that they have done. AT: "list ... all the things you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I will tear you in pieces ## +# right before your eyes -This describes someone being killed in a very violent way. AT: "I will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here, to be "before your eyes" means that it is in a place where they can see. This means that they will not be able to deny the charges that God brings against them. AT: "right in front of you" or "so that you can not deny them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# you who forget God + +God speaks of the wicked rejecting him as if they have forgotten him. He speaks of himself in the third person. AT: "you who reject me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I will tear you to pieces + +God speaks of destroying the wicked as if he were a lion eating its prey. AT: "I will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/023.md b/psa/050/023.md index 8c09346f8e..822e8791d2 100644 --- a/psa/050/023.md +++ b/psa/050/023.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## plans his path in the right way ## +# plans his path in the right way -AT: "plans to live his life the right way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +God speaks of a the way a person lives as if it were a path that the person travels. AT: "lives his life the right way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will show God's salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as "save." God refers to himself in the third person. AT: "I will save him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/050/intro.md b/psa/050/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..164d8e4a43 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/050/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 050 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 50 is a wisdom psalm. It tells what pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sacrifices ##### +God does not need animal sacrifices; he does not eat meat or drink blood. The world and everything in it belong to God. He wants people to be thankful and to depend on him. God rejects evil people who reject his covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 50:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../049/intro.md) | [>>](../051/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/001.md b/psa/051/001.md index f140ab5880..946cee6d25 100644 --- a/psa/051/001.md +++ b/psa/051/001.md @@ -1,26 +1,51 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -This psalm is a prayer for forgiveness. +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# General Information: + +In this psalm David asks God for forgiveness. + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A psalm of David; ## +# A psalm of David -“This is a psalm that David wrote;” +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## had gone in to Bathsheba ## +# when Nathan the prophet came to him -This refers to having sex. AT: "he had committed adultery with Bathsheba" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +It can be stated clearly what Nathan did when he came to David, because this psalm is in response to that. AT: "when Nathan the prophet came to David and rebuked him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## because of your covenant faithfulness; for the sake of the multitude of your merciful actions ## +# after he had slept with Bathsheba -These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. AT: "because of your covenant love and many merciful actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"after David had slept with Bathsheba" -## wash me thoroughly from my iniquity and cleanse me from my sin ## +# because of your covenant faithfulness -These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## thoroughly ## +# for the sake of the multitude of your merciful actions -"completely" \ No newline at end of file +"because you do so many merciful things" + +# blot out my transgressions + +Forgiving sins is spoken of as either 1) blotting them out or 2) erasing a written record of the sins. AT: "forgive my sins like someone wiping something away" or "forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity ... cleanse me from my sin + +These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity + +Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. AT: "Wash away all my sin" or "Forgive all my sins so that I will be acceptable to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# thoroughly + +"completely" + +# cleanse me from my sin + +Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. AT: "Make me clean from my sin" or "forgive me for my sin so that I will be clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/003.md b/psa/051/003.md index d733f70746..511992f783 100644 --- a/psa/051/003.md +++ b/psa/051/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Against you, you only, ## +# my sin is always before me -AT: "Against only you God," +Not being able to forget his sins is spoken of as if they were always in front of him where he can see them. AT: "I am always aware of my sins" or "I cannot forget my sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and done what is evil ## +# what is evil in your sight -“and I have done what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "sight" here represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of David's actions. AT: "what you judge to be evil" or "what you consider to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/005.md b/psa/051/005.md index 357704ab34..d3cf2f887b 100644 --- a/psa/051/005.md +++ b/psa/051/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## See, ... ## +# See, I was born in iniquity ... See, you desire trustworthiness -"Indeed, ..." +The two uses of "See" here draw our attention to the contrast between these two situations. AT: "Truly I was born in iniquity ... But you desire trustworthiness" -## See, I was born in iniquity; as soon as my mother conceived me, I was in sin. ## +# See, I was born in iniquity ... as soon as my mother conceived me, I was in sin These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## See, you desire trustworthiness ... you will make me know wisdom ## +# I was born in iniquity -AT: "You desire honesty in my heart and you teach me wisdom" \ No newline at end of file +Being a sinner is spoken of as being in iniquity. AT: "I was already a sinner when I was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# as soon as my mother conceived me, I was in sin + +Being a sinner is spoken of as being in sin. AT: "even when my mother conceived me, I was a sinner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you desire trustworthiness in my heart + +The heart represents either 1) the person's desires or 2) the whole person. AT: "You want me to desire trustworthiness" or "you want me to be trustworthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/007.md b/psa/051/007.md index 52d448d9cb..3ae6dd972f 100644 --- a/psa/051/007.md +++ b/psa/051/007.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Purify me with hyssop, and I will be clean; wash me, and I will be whiter than snow ## +# Purify me ... I will be clean ... wash me ... I will be whiter than snow -These phrases have similar meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "Cleanse me from my sins, and I will be clean; wash me, and I will be whiter than snow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean or white. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## whiter than snow ## +# Purify me with hyssop -AT: "very, very white" +The writer speaks of God as if God were a priest who would sprinkle water on him to make him acceptable to God. AT: "Make me acceptable by sprinkling water on me with hyssop" or "Forgive me for my sins so that I will be acceptable to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## hyssop ## +# hyssop -a plant used in ceremonial sprinkling +This is a plant that the priests used to sprinkle water or blood on people or things to make them ceremonially clean, that is, acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## joy and gladness ## +# whiter than snow -These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Not having sin is spoken of as being white. AT: "very, very white" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## the bones that you have broken may rejoice ## +# joy and gladness -Here the author is referring to the pain in his inner being. AT: "for you have caused me great pain in my inner being. Let me rejoice again!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize his desire to hear joyful things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# so that the bones that you have broken may rejoice + +Feeling terrible sadness is spoken of as if his bones were broken. AT: "for you have caused me terrible sadness in my inner being. Let me rejoice again!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Hide your face from my sins + +Thinking about someone's sins is spoken of as seeing them. Forgiving or refusing to think about the sins is spoken of as choosing not to see them. AT: "Do not look at my sins" or "Do not remember my sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# blot out all my iniquities + +Forgiving or refusing to think about someone's sins is spoken of as either 1) blotting them out or 2) erasing a written record of the sins. AT: 1) "forgive my sins like someone wiping something away" or "forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/010.md b/psa/051/010.md index 74a878d70e..3a09e2b29e 100644 --- a/psa/051/010.md +++ b/psa/051/010.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## renew a right spirit within me ## +# Create in me a clean heart -Here "spirit" refers to a person's will and inner being. AT: "Make my will right within me" \ No newline at end of file +Here the "heart" represents the feelings and desires. Being completely devoted and obedient to God is spoken of as having a clean heart. AT: "Make me completely devoted to you" or "Make me want to obey you always" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# renew a right spirit within me + +Here "spirit" represents the attitude and desires of a David. AT: "make my attitude right" or "make me always want to do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do not drive me away from your presence + +"Do not force me to go away from you." Being rejected by God is spoken of as being forced to go away from him. AT: "Do not reject me as one of your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/012.md b/psa/051/012.md index 1394912e00..d43cdd0322 100644 --- a/psa/051/012.md +++ b/psa/051/012.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## and sustain me ## +# sustain me -AT: "and hold me up" or "assist me" +"hold me up" or "assist me" -## Then will I teach transgressors ... and sinners will be converted to you ## +# your ways -AT: Then I will teach sinners your ways, and they will be converted to you" \ No newline at end of file +"the way you want people to live" or "what you want people to do" + +# transgressors ... sinners + +These two words refer to the same people here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/014.md b/psa/051/014.md index 781a423e9b..31b1540fb8 100644 --- a/psa/051/014.md +++ b/psa/051/014.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## shedding blood ## +# shedding blood -This phrase refers to killing another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This phrase refers to killing another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will express your praise ## +# Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will express your praise -When David asks Yahweh to allow him to speak again, he refers to the part of his body he speaks with. Here not being able to speak is a symbol of being guilty of sin and not being able to make a defense. In this way, being allowed to speak means being forgiven of sin. AT: “Lord, allow me to speak, and I will be able to praise you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the person is represented by his "mouth." Being able to talk is spoken of as the lips being open. Here not being able to speak is a symbol of being guilty of sin and not being able to make a defense. AT: "Lord, make me able to speak, and I will praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you do not delight in sacrifice ... you have no pleasure in burnt offerings + +This means that God wants something more important than these things. AT: "A sacrifice is not enough to please you ... you want something more than burn offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/017.md b/psa/051/017.md index 34e44415b3..77bbf7b6de 100644 --- a/psa/051/017.md +++ b/psa/051/017.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## a broken spirit ## +# The sacrifices of God -This phrase describes and attitude of humility and repentence before God. The person acknowledges he is nothing apart from God. AT: "a person who is humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"The sacrifices that please God" -## you will not … your good pleasure ## +# a broken spirit -The words "you" and "your" refer to God. This is a prayer to God where David shows his understanding of what pleases God. +A broken spirit represents a humble attitude. AT: "humility" or "a person who becomes humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a broken and a contrite heart ## +# a broken and a contrite heart -The heart refers to a person's emotions. This phrase refers to a person who feels regret but understands he cannot do anything to correct what he has done wrong. AT: "a person who regrets his sin and admits he needs help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Being humble and sorry for one's sin is spoken of as having a broken and contrite heart. The heart represents the emotions and will. AT: "sorrow and humility" or "a person who is sorry for his sin and humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## rebuild the walls of Jerusalem ## +# rebuild the walls of Jerusalem -The walls of a city protect the city and help the people feel secure. This prayer asks for God's protection by asking him to rebuild the city's walls. AT: "protect Jerusalem and make the city great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The walls of a city protect the city and the people in it. Possible meanings are 1) "enable us to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem" or 2) "protect Jerusalem and make it strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## our people will offer bulls on your altar ## +# our people will offer bulls on your altar A bull is an adult male cow. Bulls were often used as sacrificial animals, according to God's instruction. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/051/intro.md b/psa/051/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d6db32be24 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/051/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 051 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 51 is a psalm of repentance from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Repentance ##### +The psalmist is truly sorry for having sinned. He repented and God forgave his sins. God wants true sorrow for having sinned, not sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]]) + +##### Author of Psalm ##### +Scholars are divided over whether this psalm was authored by King David as is mentioned by the superscription. If nothing else, we can assume the last two verses were added later since Jerusalem is intact with well-built walls during King David's reign. +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 51:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../050/intro.md) | [>>](../052/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/052/001.md b/psa/052/001.md index 7bffc2b6a4..db43ecd77f 100644 --- a/psa/052/001.md +++ b/psa/052/001.md @@ -1,29 +1,43 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# General Information: + +In this psalm the word "you" refers to Doeg. When Saul wanted to kill David, Doeg told Saul where David was so that Saul could find him. + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A maschil ## +# A maschil This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). -## Doeg ... Ahimelech ## +# Doeg ... Ahimelech These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## mighty man ## +# Why are you proud of making trouble, you mighty man? -This refers to Doeg the Edomite. +This question shows how angry David was at the one who made trouble. AT: "You should not be so proud of making trouble, you mighty man." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## razor ## +# you mighty man -A sharp blade used for cutting off hair on the face. +David may have been using irony when he called Doeg this. AT: "you, who think you are so mighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## Your tongue plans destruction like a sharp razor, working deceitfully ## +# The covenant faithfulness of God comes every day -Here the tongue is compared to a sharp razor which is capable of causing great harm. AT: "Your tongue harms people like a sharp razor does, when you plan destruction and deceive others." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +David speaks of God's covenant faithfulness as if it were something that could come. David was probably referring to God's promises to protect his people from wicked people. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective or an adverb. AT: "Every day, God is faithful to keep the promises of his covenant" or "Every day, God faithfully protects his people from wicked people like you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Your tongue ## +# a sharp razor -Here "your tongue" refers to the person the author is speaking to. AT: "You" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +a sharp blade + +# Your tongue plans destruction like a sharp razor, working deceitfully + +Here the tongue is compared to a sharp razor which is capable of causing great harm. AT: "Your tongue harms people like a sharp razor does, when you plan destruction and deceive others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Your tongue + +Here "your tongue" refers to the person David is speaking to. AT: "You" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/052/003.md b/psa/052/003.md index e3b0d39719..5c377ba0d1 100644 --- a/psa/052/003.md +++ b/psa/052/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## You love evil…good, lying…righteousness. ## +# Connecting Statement: -These sentences have similar meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +David continues speaking to the "mighty man" of [Psalms 5:1](./001.md) -## and lying rather than speaking righteousness ## +# lying rather than speaking righteousness -"and you love lying more than speaking righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +"you love lying more than speaking what is right" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/052/004.md b/psa/052/004.md index 171c8276de..a990e0cc8d 100644 --- a/psa/052/004.md +++ b/psa/052/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## that devour others ## +# words that devour others -Here "words" are being compared to an animal devouring people. AT: "that cause others great pain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here words that harm others are spoken of as if they were animals that devour people. AT: "words that harm others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## take you up…pluck you…root you ## +# you deceitful tongue -All three of these phrases are different ways of saying "to remove". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This refers to the person the author is speaking to. AT: "you speaker of deceit" or "you liar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## you deceitful tongue ## +# take you up ... pluck you ... root you -This refers to the person the author is speaking to. AT: "you speaker of deceit" or "you who speaks deceitful words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +All three of these phrases are different ways of saying "remove you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# root you out of the land of the living + +Being alive on earth is spoken of as if people are plants with roots in the ground. God killing someone is spoken of as digging up the plant's roots and taking it out of the ground. AT: "he will take you out the land of the living" or "He will kill you so that you will no longer be on earth with living people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/052/006.md b/psa/052/006.md index 3cc16a49bf..b2192203ed 100644 --- a/psa/052/006.md +++ b/psa/052/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## The righteous will also see it and fear ## +# The righteous will also see it and fear -AT: "The righteous will also see God remove him and they will fear" +"The righteous will also see God remove him and they will fear" -## See, ... ## +# See -"Indeed, ..." +"Indeed" -## did not make God his strength ## +# did not make God his refuge -"did not seek strength from God" - -## confirmed himself ## - -"strengthened himself" \ No newline at end of file +Here "refuge" represents a protector. AT: "did not make God his protector" or "did not ask God to protect him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/052/008.md b/psa/052/008.md index c3a9ed05d3..bde562aac7 100644 --- a/psa/052/008.md +++ b/psa/052/008.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## I am like a green olive tree ## +# a green olive tree -"I am strong like a green olive tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Green olive trees are strong and secure. They do not fall over. -## in your name, for it is good ## +# I am like a green olive tree in God's house -AT: "in you, for you are good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Being safe and secure is spoken of as being like a strong tree. AT: "I am strong in God's house, like a green olive tree" or "Because I worship in God's house, I am secure like a green olive tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## your faithful ones. ## +# in God's house -"your faithful people" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to God's temple. + +# I will trust in the covenant faithfulness of God forever and ever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "I will trust in God forever and ever because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I will wait for your name, because it is good + +God's name represents God himself. Waiting for God represents waiting for God to help him. AT: "I will wait for you, because you are good" or "I will wait for you to help me, because you are good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/052/intro.md b/psa/052/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ee3d07b809 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/052/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 052 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 52 is a wisdom psalm. It teaches that God will destroy evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Evil people ##### +Although the evil people feel secure with their wealth and evil deeds, God will destroy them. But people who do good are secure because God protects them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +This psalm is called "a Maschil of David." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 52:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../051/intro.md) | [>>](../053/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/053/001.md b/psa/053/001.md index bc237c6c1c..bb25dcafac 100644 --- a/psa/053/001.md +++ b/psa/053/001.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +# For the chief musician -## set to Mahalath ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -This may refer to a style of music. +# set to Mahalath -## A maschil ## +This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). +# A maschil -## the sons of mankind ## +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). -"the sons of man" or AT: "people" +# the children of mankind -## seek after him ## +This refers to all people. -AT: "follow God" +# who seek after him -## has gone back ## +Seeking God as a person would look for someone is spoken of as "seeking" God. Possible meanings are 1) wanting to know God. AT: "who want to know him" or 2) worshiping God. AT: "who worship him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "has gone back their own way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# They have all turned away -## filthy ## - -AT: "are dirty with sin" \ No newline at end of file +Rejecting God and what is right is spoken of as turning away. AT: "They have all turned away from doing what is right" or "They have all rejected God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/053/004.md b/psa/053/004.md index b26d5002ce..de315ac9c3 100644 --- a/psa/053/004.md +++ b/psa/053/004.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Do they not know anything, those who commit iniquity... ? ## +# Do those who commit iniquity have no understanding—those ... God? -This can be written as a statement. "They do not know anything, those who commit iniquity." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is used to show the shock that the writer feels because the people are so sinful. It can be written as two statements. "Those who commit iniquity act as though they do not know anything. They devour my people as if they were eating bread, and they do not call on God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## those who eat up my people as they eat bread ## +# those who devour my people as if they were eating bread -AT: "They harm my people greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Destroying people is spoken of as devouring them. Doing it as if they were eating bread implies that they did it very easily or without feeling guilty about it. AT: "those who destroy my people as freely as if they were eating bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## but they do not call on God ## +# God will scatter the bones of whoever will camp against you -"and they do not call on God" +Scattering people's bones represents killing them and allowing their bones to remain wherever they have died and not be buried properly. "God will completely destroy whoever will camp against you, and their bones will lie scattered on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## God will scatter the bones of ## +# whoever will camp against you -AT: "God will destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Camping against people represents attacking them. Enemy armies would travel and set up camps to live in temporarily near the people they wanted to attack. AT: "whoever will attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/053/006.md b/psa/053/006.md index 9e64c82211..c5e30fcbcd 100644 --- a/psa/053/006.md +++ b/psa/053/006.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## When God brings back his people from the captivity ## +# Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come + +The word "Oh" here introduces an exclamation that expresses a hope or prayer. AT: "I hope that the salvation of Israel will come" or "I pray that the salvation of will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# the salvation of Israel would come from Zion + +The salvation represents God, the savior, whose temple is in Zion. AT: "the savior of Israel would come from Zion" or "God would come from Zion and save Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# When God brings back his people from the captivity "When God saves his captive people" -## Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad! ## +# Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad! These two phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Jacob ## +# Jacob -Here "Jacob" refers to the descendants of Jacob, the Israelites. \ No newline at end of file +Here "Jacob" refers to the descendants of Jacob, the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/053/intro.md b/psa/053/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..760df67a0f --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/053/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 053 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 53 is a wisdom psalm. It warns people who do evil that God will judge them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### God's watching mankind ##### +God looks down from heaven and sees that all humans are evil and corrupt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +This psalm is called "a Maschil of David." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 53:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../052/intro.md) | [>>](../054/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/054/001.md b/psa/054/001.md index 979fb35d84..45cb1c9df5 100644 --- a/psa/054/001.md +++ b/psa/054/001.md @@ -1,34 +1,59 @@ +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# General Information: + This psalm is a prayer for help. -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## For the chief musician; ## +# For the chief musician -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -## on stringed instruments. ## +# on stringed instruments -“people should play stringed instruments with this song.” +"people should play stringed instruments with this song" -## A maschil ## +# A maschil -This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md) +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md) -## Ziphites ## +# Ziphites people from the city of Ziph in the Judean mountains, southeast of Hebron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Does David not hide himself with us? ## +# Does David not hide himself with us? -AT: "David is hiding himself with us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is used to show that this is something important that Saul should know. AT: "David is hiding himself with us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## judge me in your might ## +# Save me, God, by your name -AT: "decide if I have done what is right or wrong" +Here God's name represents his character. It may represent specifically his power or his justice. AT: "Save me, God, by your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## give ear ## +# judge me in your might -AT: "listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Judging David here represents showing people that David is not guilty. When God uses his might to save David, people will know that God has judged him as not guilty. AT: "In your might, show people that I am not guilty" or "Show people that I am not guilty by using your power to rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## pitiless men ## +# give ear to the words -"men who have no mercy" \ No newline at end of file +Giving one's ear represents listening. AT: "listen to the words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the words of my mouth + +Here the speaker is represented by his mouth. AT: "my words" or "what I am saying to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# have risen up against me + +Rising up against someone represents preparing to attack him or actually attacking him. AT: "have prepared to attack me" or "are attacking me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# pitiless men + +"men who have no mercy" + +# have sought after my life + +Seeking after someone's life represents trying to kill him. AT: "have tried to kill me" or "want to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they have not set God before them + +Setting God before them represents paying attention to God. AT: "they do not pay attention to God" or "they ignore God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/054/004.md b/psa/054/004.md index 6f7b0fae93..b1537200a5 100644 --- a/psa/054/004.md +++ b/psa/054/004.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## who upholds me ## +# who upholds me -AT: "who provides what I need" "he keeps me safe"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Defending David and keeping him safe is spoken of as upholding or supporting him. AT: "who defends me" or "who keeps me safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in your faithfulness, destroy them! ## +# He will repay my enemies with evil -Here David changes from talking about God to talking to God. AT: "God, destroy them because you are faithful to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) \ No newline at end of file +Punishment is spoken as if it were payment. AT: "He will do the evil to my enemies that they have done to me" or "He will cause the evil that my enemies have done to me to be done to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in your faithfulness, destroy them + +Here David changes from talking about God to talking to God. AT: "God, destroy them because you are faithful to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/054/006.md b/psa/054/006.md index 375d7413a5..9464fd81de 100644 --- a/psa/054/006.md +++ b/psa/054/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I will give thanks to your name, Yahweh ## +# I will give thanks to your name, Yahweh, for it is good -AT: "I will give thanks to you, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh's name represents him. AT: "I will give thanks to you, Yahweh, for you are good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## my eye has looked in triumph on my enemies ## +# my eye has looked -"I have looked in victory on my enemies" \ No newline at end of file +The eye represents the person. AT: "I have looked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# my eye has looked in triumph on my enemies + +Possible meanings are 1) seeing that his enemies have been defeated. AT: "I have seen that my enemies have been defeated" or 2) defeating his enemies. AT: "I have defeated my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/054/intro.md b/psa/054/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7e57e8451c --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/054/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 054 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 54 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Rescue ##### +Evil people want to kill David; but God has rescued him in the past and he trusts God to rescue him again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +This psalm is called "a Maschil of David." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 54:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../053/intro.md) | [>>](../055/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/001.md b/psa/055/001.md index cb040392a3..ed3e03651a 100644 --- a/psa/055/001.md +++ b/psa/055/001.md @@ -1,18 +1,31 @@ -This psalm is a prayer for help. -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +# For the chief musician -## on stringed instruments. ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -"people should play stringed instruments with this song." +# on stringed instruments -## A maschil ## +"people should play stringed instruments with this song" -This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md) +# A maschil -## Give ear to my prayer ## +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md) -AT: "Listen to my prayer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Give ear to my prayer + +Giving one's ear represents listening. AT: "Listen to my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# do not hide yourself from my plea + +Refusing to pay attention to his plea is spoken of as hiding himself from it. AT: "do not ignore my plea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# because of the voice of my enemies + +Here "voice" represents what they say. AT: "because of what my enemies say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they bring trouble on me + +Causing trouble is spoken of as bringing trouble. AT: "they cause me to have great troubles" or "they do wicked things to me and so I suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/004.md b/psa/055/004.md index 143136c712..94dc284e17 100644 --- a/psa/055/004.md +++ b/psa/055/004.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## My heart is very pained in me ## +# My heart trembles within me -Here, "heart" refers to his emotions. AT: "I am suffering because I am so afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here, "heart trembles" refers to his emotional pain and suffering. This suffering is because of fear. AT: "I am suffering because I am so afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## has overwhelm ## +# the terrors of death have fallen on me -"overcome" or "overpowered" \ No newline at end of file +Becoming very afraid, or terrified, is spoken of as if terror is a thing that falls on a person. AT: "I am very much afraid that I will die" or "I am terrified that I will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Fearfulness and trembling have come on me + +Becoming fearful and trembling is spoken of as if fearfulness and trembling are things that come on a person. AT: "I have become very fearful and I tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# horror has overwhelmed me + +Feeling horror is spoken of as if horror were a thing that can cover people. AT: "I feel terrible horror" or "I am extremely afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/006.md b/psa/055/006.md index 5275843888..4bfbdbc879 100644 --- a/psa/055/006.md +++ b/psa/055/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Oh ## +# Oh, if only I had wings like a dove! -This is used for emphasis of the statement. +This exclamation expresses something the writer wishes for very much. AT: "I wish very much that I had wings like a dove" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -## See,... ## +# Then would I fly away -"Indeed,..." \ No newline at end of file +"If I did have wings, I would fly away" + +# See + +"Indeed" + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/008.md b/psa/055/008.md index 79f5a954dc..a119d8afd5 100644 --- a/psa/055/008.md +++ b/psa/055/008.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## tempest ## +# General Information: -You can translate this as a type of strong storm. AT: "hurricane" or "cyclone" +The writer finishes telling about what he had said. -## Destroy them ## +# tempest -AT: "Destroy my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +a strong storm -## confuse their languages ## +# Devour them -AT: "do not let them understand each other" \ No newline at end of file +Destroying something is spoken of as eating all of it. Possible meanings are "Destroy my enemies' plans" or "Destroy my enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# confuse their language + +"Language" here represents what the people were saying to each other, and probably refers specifically to them talking about plans to do evil. Confusing it represents making the people unable to understand each other. AT: "confuse them when they speak to each other" or "confuse their plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/010.md b/psa/055/010.md index 933115e7d5..5825c781c4 100644 --- a/psa/055/010.md +++ b/psa/055/010.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## they go about on her walls ## +# they go about on its walls -AT: "my enemies go about on the city's walls" +"violence and strife go about on her walls." (See: [Psalms 55:9](./008.md)) Violence and strife are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who cause violence and strife. AT: "people walk about on the city's walls, being violent and fighting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## mischief ## +# on its walls -"crimes" +"along the tops of the city walls." Cities had thick walls around them to protect them from enemies. People could walk along the tops of the walls to see if any enemies were coming to the city. -## in the middle of it ## +# iniquity and mischief are in the middle of it -"in the middle of the city" +Iniquity and mischief are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who do iniquity and mischief. AT: "people do iniquity and cause mischief in the middle of the city" or "people do sinful things and cause trouble in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## do not leave its streets ## +# mischief -AT: "are in its streets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +"trouble" + +# Wickedness is in the middle of it + +Wickedness is spoken of as if it were a person. This can be expressed by telling about the people who do wicked things. AT: "People do wicked things in the middle of the city" or "people destroy things in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# oppression and deceit do not leave its streets + +Oppression and deceit are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who oppress and deceive others. AT: "People oppress and deceive others in the city streets, and they do not leave" or "People are always oppressing and deceiving others in the city streets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# its streets + +This may refer to the marketplaces in the city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/012.md b/psa/055/012.md index a56c942219..50643d1654 100644 --- a/psa/055/012.md +++ b/psa/055/012.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## could have borne it ## +# I could have borne it -"could have endured the rebuke" +Tolerating or enduring a rebuke is spoken of as bearing or carrying it. AT: "I could have tolerated the rebuke" or "I would not be so sad about the rebuke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my companion and my close friend ## +# raised himself up against me -AT: "you are my companion and my close friend" +Being proud of oneself and insulting another is spoken of as raising oneself up against another. AT: "insulted me" or "despised me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## We ## +# But it was you -The word "we" refers to David and his friend. +The psalmist speaks as though the person who had rebuked and taunted him were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## throng ## +# my companion and my close friend -"crowd" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated as a sentence. AT: "You were my companion and my close friend." + +# We + +The word "we" refers to the psalmist and his friend. + +# with the throng + +Possible meanings are 1) "together" or 2) "with the crowd." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/015.md b/psa/055/015.md index 46774a12bf..e91987f753 100644 --- a/psa/055/015.md +++ b/psa/055/015.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## them ## +# Let death come suddenly on them -"my enemies" or "David's enemies" +Death is spoken of as if it were a person that could attack people. AT: "Let my enemies die suddenly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## for wickedness is where they live, right among them ## +# let them go down alive to Sheol -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. AT: "for they live in wickedness, and wickedness is among them"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Dying suddenly is spoken of as if people were to go to Sheol so fast that they do not even die first. AT: "let them suddenly go to Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# wickedness is where they live + +Wickedness is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be in a certain place. The habitual wickedness of his enemies is spoken of as if wickedness were with them or near them. AT: "they always do wicked things where they live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# right among them + +This phrase intensifies the idea of wickedness being very near them. Here wickedness is spoken of as being not only in their homes, but right where they are. AT: "They always do wicked things wherever they are" or "wherever they are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/016.md b/psa/055/016.md index 1cf7c0c51d..11e7e9c4f7 100644 --- a/psa/055/016.md +++ b/psa/055/016.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## moan ## +# As for me + +This phrase shows that the writer has stopped talking about one thing and is now about to talk about himself. AT: "But I" + +# moan "cry out" -## hear my voice ## +# he will hear my voice -AT: "hear me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "voice" represents either 1) the psalmist or 2) the psalmist's complaints and moans. AT: "he will hear me" or "he will hear my moaning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for those who fought against me were many ## +# my life -AT: "for many people fought against me" \ No newline at end of file +Here "my life" represents the psalmist. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for those who fought against me were many + +"for many people fought against me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/019.md b/psa/055/019.md index e1d1ec36de..e0b656031d 100644 --- a/psa/055/019.md +++ b/psa/055/019.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## from ancient times ## +# will hear them -"from times long ago" +"will hear my enemies" or "will hear what my enemies say." Some versions say "will hear me." -## respond to them ## +# humiliate them -This can also be translated, "afflict them" or "humble them". \ No newline at end of file +How God will humiliate them can be stated clearly. AT: "will defeat and humiliate them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/020.md b/psa/055/020.md index 48d9a24648..42bd7832ec 100644 --- a/psa/055/020.md +++ b/psa/055/020.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## raised his hands against ## +# has raised his hands against those -This means to go against someone or to oppose them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Raising the hand against people represents attacking them. This may be a metaphor for saying things that put people in danger or cause them trouble. AT: "has attacked those" or "has betrayed those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## His mouth words was smooth ... his words were softer ... ## +# His mouth -These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Someone's "mouth" represents what he says. AT: "What my friend said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## his mouth ## +# His mouth was smooth as butter -AT: "what my friend said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Speech that is pleasant or nice to hear is spoken of as if it were smooth and easy to swallow. AT: "What he said was pleasant like smooth butter" or "He said nice things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## was smooth as butter ## - -If "butter" is not something commonly known in your language as being smooth, then substitute something else that is very smooth to eat. - -## hostile ## +# hostile "mean" or "hateful" -## his words were softer than oil ## +# his words -AT: "the words he said were as gentle to listen to as oil feels gentle on your skin" (See: [[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"what he said" + +# his words were softer than oil + +People put oil on their skin to make it feel nice, and they put it on wounds to help them heal. Speech that is kind or helpful is spoken of as if it were soft or soothing. AT: "what he said was kind and soothing like oil" or "he said kind things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they were actually drawn swords + +Speech that causes people trouble is spoken of as if it were swords that wound people. AT: "what he said wounded people as drawn swords do" or "what he said caused people trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# drawn swords + +The word "drawn" here means that the swords were pulled out of their covers and ready to be used. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/022.md b/psa/055/022.md index dcbfa752a4..ebbec28818 100644 --- a/psa/055/022.md +++ b/psa/055/022.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -The author turns his attention to speaking to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +# Place your burdens -## Place your burdens on Yahweh ## +Here the psalmist is speaking to other godly people. -Here the author is speaking to the other godly people. +# Place your burdens on Yahweh -## he will never allow ## +Here troubles are spoken of as if they were burdens that people have to carry. Trusting God to help us when we have troubles is spoken of as putting our burdens on him so that he can carry them for us. AT: "Give Yahweh your problems" or "Trust God to help you with all your troubles like someone who trusts a stronger person to carry his load" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The word "he" refers to God. +# he will sustain you -## a righteous person to totter ## +Taking care of someone or helping someone when he has troubles is spoken of as supporting him. AT: "he will take care of you" or "he will help you" -This refers to a person who is about to be severely harmed by some sort of disaster. He is spoken of as if he is tottering or swaying and is about to fall down. AT: "a righteous person to sway and then fall down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# he will never allow a righteous person to totter -## will bring the wicked down into the pit of destruction ## +A person who is about to be severely harmed by some sort of disaster is spoken of as if he is tottering or swaying and is about to fall down. AT: "he will not let a righteous person sway and fall down" or "he will not let a righteous person to be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This means that God will cause them to die and go where evil people go when they die. AT: will bring the wicked down into Sheol" +# But you, God -## the wicked ## +The author speaks to God now. -AT: "wicked people" +# the pit of destruction -## bloodthirsty ## +This probably refers to the grave or hell. -someone who is eager to kill people +# will bring the wicked down into the pit of destruction -## half as long as others ## +This represents causing people to die. AT: "will cause the wicked to die" or "will cause wicked people to die and go to the place where dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "half as long as other people live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# bloodthirsty and deceitful men + +"people who lie and who want to kill others" or "deceitful murderers" + +# even half as long as others + +"even half as long as other people live" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/055/intro.md b/psa/055/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bdbd3d45a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/055/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 055 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 55 is a deliverance psalm. The psalmist is praying that God will deliver him from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Betrayal ##### +The author wishes he could get far away from his enemies after his best friend betrayed him. He asks God to completely destroy his enemies. He is trusting God to save him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +This psalm is called "a Maschil of David." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 55:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../054/intro.md) | [>>](../056/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/056/001.md b/psa/056/001.md index 003bd6510b..af4a7d9509 100644 --- a/psa/056/001.md +++ b/psa/056/001.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -This psalm is a prayer for help. +# General Information: -## For the chief musician; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -## Jonath elem rehokim ## +# set to Jonath elem rehokim -This may refer to a style of music. +This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing this psalm. AT: "Sing this psalm using the tune of 'Jonath elem rehokim'" or "Sing this using the Jonath elem rehokim style" -## A psalm of David ## +# Jonath elem rehokim -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +This may mean "Dove on Distant Oak Trees." Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -## A michtam ## +# A psalm of David -See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## when the Philistines took him in Gath ## +# A michtam + +The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote." See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). + +# when the Philistines took him in Gath "when the Philistines captured him in Gath" -## for someone wishes to swallow me up ## +# press their assault -The phrase "to swallow up" means "to kill" as a animal would eat something and cause it's death. AT: "for my enemy wishes to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"come closer and closer in order to attack me" + +# My enemies trample me + +The enemies' fierce attack is spoken of as if they were crushing his body by marching on it. AT: "My enemies attack me severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/056/003.md b/psa/056/003.md index 45c8e2b9f3..56a687a01f 100644 --- a/psa/056/003.md +++ b/psa/056/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## you ## +# you -The words "you" refers to God. +The word "you" refers to God. -## what can mere man do to me? ## +# what can mere man do to me? -This question is not asked to receive an answer. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "mere man can do nothing to me!" This is more a statement than a question (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here a question is used to show that the psalmist is not afraid of people, because they cannot seriously harm him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "mere man can do nothing to me!" or "mere man cannot harm me badly!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## mere man ## +# mere man -Someone who no greater than a human being. Some versions translate literally "flesh," which stands for human beings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"just humans" or "people." This implies that people are not powerful, but God is powerful. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/056/005.md b/psa/056/005.md index 37ea53f5d2..317501f71e 100644 --- a/psa/056/005.md +++ b/psa/056/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## all their thoughts are against me for evil ## +# All the day long -"they always have evil thoughts against me" +"All the time" -## they mark my steps ## +# they twist my words -"they watch every move I make" +Repeating what someone says but changing it a little so that it means something different is spoken of as twisting their words. AT: "they say that I said things than I did not say" or "they claim that I said things, but they lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## just as they have waited for my life ## +# all their thoughts are against me for evil -AT: "as they wait to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"they always have evil thoughts against me" or "they always think of evil things to do to me" + +# they mark my steps + +Watching what a person does in order to see how to cause him trouble is spoken of as watching his steps, just as someone who wants to capture a person watches where that person walks. AT: "they watch everything I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# just as they have waited for my life + +Waiting to kill someone is spoken of as waiting for his life. AT: "as they wait to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/056/007.md b/psa/056/007.md index 052a1fdad2..0b79319c46 100644 --- a/psa/056/007.md +++ b/psa/056/007.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## escape doing iniquity ## +# Do not let them escape doing iniquity -"escape with the wicked things they have done" +What they might escape can be sued clearly. AT: "Do not let them escape your punishment for their iniquity" or "Do not let them escape when you punish them for the wicked things they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Bring down ## +# Bring down the peoples -"cast down" or "defeat" +Defeating the enemies is spoken of as bringing them down. AT: "Defeat the peoples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You number my wanderings ## +# You number my wanderings -This means God knows how often the psalm writer has walked in sadness and with no place to go for comfort. +God's concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if God counted each time that the psalmist has walked in sadness and with no place to go for comfort. AT: "You care about all the times that I have been wandering alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and put my tears into your bottle ## +# put my tears into your bottle -"and you keep all of my tears." This means that God knows how much the psalm writer has cried. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God's concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if God saved the psalmist's tears in a bottle. The tears represent crying. AT: "you know how much I have cried and you care about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## are they not in your book? ## +# are they not in your book? -This question is not asked to receive an answer. AT: "my wanderings and tears are written in your book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +God's concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if he wrote the number of the psalmist's tears in his book. This question is used to remind God about how greatly he cares for the psalmist. AT: "you have written about them in your book!" or "you remember my cries!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/056/009.md b/psa/056/009.md index e53454bf92..e89e9a0393 100644 --- a/psa/056/009.md +++ b/psa/056/009.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## will turn back ## +# will turn back -"will retreat" +"will retreat" or "will turn and run away" -## what can mere man do to me? ## +# God is for me -Some versions translate literally "flesh." AT: "mere man can do nothing to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that God favors him. In this context it implies that God fights against the psalmist's enemies in order to protect him. AT: "God is fighting for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# What can anyone do to me? + +Here a question is used to show that the psalmist is not afraid of people, because they cannot seriously harm him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "People can do nothing to me!" or "People cannot harm me badly!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/056/012.md b/psa/056/012.md index 1d954e64ab..d20f13ec4e 100644 --- a/psa/056/012.md +++ b/psa/056/012.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## The duty to fulfill my vows to you is on me, God ## +# The duty to fulfill my vows to you is on me -"I must preform my vows to you God" +Being obligated to do something is spoken of as if the duty to do something is on a person. AT: "I must fulfill my vows to you" or "I must do what I promised you I would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you have kept my feet from falling ## +# you have kept my feet from falling -"you have kept me from falling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The feet here represent the person. Falling here probably represents being killed by his enemies. AT: "you have kept me from falling" or "you have kept me from being killed by my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## the light of the living ## +# so that I may walk before God -The "light" refers to God's presence. The phrase "of the living" may refer to 1) the light of God's presence shines on those who are alive, or 2) the light of God's presence gives life to people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Living and being seen by God is spoken of as walking before God. AT: "so that I may live in God's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the light of the living + +Here "the light of the living" probably represents God's enabling people to live. AT: "with the life that you give" or "because you enable me to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/056/intro.md b/psa/056/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f7dc3263fe --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/056/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 056 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 56 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fear ##### +Although the psalmist's enemies are trying to harm him, he is not afraid because God is protecting him. + +##### Superscription ##### +The word "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as "psalm." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 56:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../055/intro.md) | [>>](../057/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/057/001.md b/psa/057/001.md index 0c88f9d524..a0e305ca3a 100644 --- a/psa/057/001.md +++ b/psa/057/001.md @@ -1,26 +1,39 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -This psalm is a prayer for help. +# General Information: -## For the chief musician; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +# For the chief musician -## set to Al Tashheth ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -This may refer to a style of music. +# set to Al Tashheth -## A psalm of David ## +This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. AT: "sing this psalm using the tune of 'Al Tashheth'" or "sing this using the Al Tashheth style" -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +# Al Tashheth -## A michtam ## +This means "Do Not Destroy." Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). +# A psalm of David -## when he fled from Saul, in the cave. ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -AT: "David sang this song after he hid in the cave, from Saul." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# A michtam -## I stay under your wings for protection ## +The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote." See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). -Here David compares how God protects him to how a mother bird protects her babies by huddling them under her wings. AT: "I stay under your protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# when he fled from Saul, in the cave + +The purpose of this phrase can be stated clearly along with some basic details about the situation. AT: "This is about when David hid in the cave from Saul" or "This is about when King Saul was chasing David, and David hid in a cave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I take refuge in you + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "I go to you for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I stay under your wings for protection + +The psalmist speaks of God as if he were a mother bird that protects its babies by huddling them under its wings. AT: "I trust you to protect me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until this destruction is over + +The abstract noun "destruction" can be stated as "destructive." AT: "until this destructive storm is over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/057/002.md b/psa/057/002.md index e6c6f9914a..aa4a09ff8d 100644 --- a/psa/057/002.md +++ b/psa/057/002.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## to God, who does all things for me ## +# who does all things for me -AT: "I will cry to God, who does all things for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +This explains why he will cry out to God. It can be translated with "because." AT: "because he does all things for me" -## swallow me up ## +# those who crush me -See how you translated this in [Psalms 56:1](../056/001.md). \ No newline at end of file +The enemies' fierce attack is spoken of as if they were crushing his body by marching on it. AT: "those who attack me severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God will send me his loving kindness and his faithfulness + +God's being kind and faithful is spoken of as if he were sending his kindness and faithful. The abstract nouns "kindness" and "faithfulness" can be stated as "kind" and "trustworthy." AT: "God will be kind to me and trustworthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/057/004.md b/psa/057/004.md index b08cff0831..230c66604c 100644 --- a/psa/057/004.md +++ b/psa/057/004.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## My life is among lions ## +# My life is among lions -Here "lions" refers to enemies who are as dangerous as lions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The psalmist speaks of his enemies as if they were lions. AT: "I live among fierce enemies" or "Fierce enemies surround me like lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## those who are ready to devour me ## +# those who are ready to devour me -Some versions understand the Hebrew text as, "fiery beasts." This still compares his enemies to wild beasts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Destroying is spoken of as devouring or eating something up. Some versions understand the Hebrew text to mean "fiery beasts." Both images speak of his enemies as if they were wild beasts. AT: "those who are ready to destroy me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## whose teeth are spears and arrows, and whose tongues are sharp swords ## +# people whose teeth are spears and arrows -These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The enemies' spears and arrows are spoken of as if they were lions' teeth. The psalmist continues to speak of his enemies as if they were lions. AT: "people who kill others with spears and arrows as lions kill with their sharp teeth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## whose teeth are spears and arrows ## +# spears and arrows -AT: "whose words cut people like spears," or "who hurt people by what they say" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Since both of these terms are weapons, if your culture knows only one, it is acceptable to use it alone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## spears and arrows ## +# whose tongues are sharp swords -Since both of these terms are weapons, if only one is known in your culture it is acceptable to use it alone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The tongue represents what someone says, and the enemies' cruel words are spoken of as if they were swords. AT: "whose cruel words are like sharp swords" or "who cause terrible trouble for me by what they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## whose tongues are sharp swords ## +# Be exalted, God, above the heavens -AT: "who injure people by what they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist is asking God to show that he is exalted. Being exalted above the heavens represents being great. AT: "God, show that you are exalted above the heavens" or "God, show that you are great in the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let your glory be above all the earth + +The psalmist is asking God to show his glory. AT: "show your glory over all the earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/057/006.md b/psa/057/006.md index 6e1036d3dd..d1529872af 100644 --- a/psa/057/006.md +++ b/psa/057/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## They have prepared ## +# They spread out a net for my feet -"my enemies have prepared" +His enemies' plans to capture him are spoken of as if they had spread out a net on the ground to trap him. AT: "It is as though my enemies have spread a net out to trap me" or "They planned to capture me like people who spread out a net to trap an animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a net for my feet ## +# They dug a pit in front of me -"a net to catch me" or "a trap for me to fall into" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +His enemies' plans to capture him are spoken of as if they had dug a pit for him to fall into. AT: "It is as though they dug a pit for me to fall into" or "They planned to capture me like people who dig a hole in the ground to trap an animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I was distressed ## +# They themselves have fallen into the middle of it -"my soul is bowed down in distress" - -## have fallen into the middle of it. ## - -AT: "fell into the pit they dug for me." \ No newline at end of file +The harm that came to his enemies when they tried to capture him is spoken of as if they fell into the trap that they had made for him. AT: "They themselves fell into the pit they had dug for me" or "But they themselves were hurt by what they planned to do to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/057/007.md b/psa/057/007.md index d728a3f619..0ce382956a 100644 --- a/psa/057/007.md +++ b/psa/057/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## My heart is fixed, God, my heart is fixed ## +# My heart is fixed, God, my heart is fixed -These two clauses are similar and are used together for emphasis. It means he has complete confidence in God and nothing will change his mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Being confident is spoken of as one's heart being firm rather than shaken or easily moved. The phrase is repeated to show that he has complete confidence in God and will not change. AT: "I am completely confident in you, God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will sing praises ## +# I will sing praises -AT: "I will sing praises to you, God" +Who he will sing to can be stated clearly. AT: "I will sing praises to you, God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I will wake up the dawn ## +# Wake up, my honored heart -AT: "the praises that I sing to you will wake up the dawn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +It can be stated clearly that the purpose of waking up is to sing praises to God. Waking up may be a metaphor for starting or preparing to do something. The heart represents the psalmist or his emotions. AT: "Wake up, my honored heart, to sing praises to God" or "I will prepare my honored heart to sing praises to God" or "I am honored to wake up and sing praises to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# wake up, lute and harp + +It can be stated clearly that the purpose of waking up is to sing praises to God. The psalmist speaks as though the lute and harp were people who could wake up to sing praises to God. AT: "Wake up, lute and harp, and sing praises to God" or "I will play the lute and harp while I sing praises to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will wake up the dawn + +The dawn is spoken of as if it were alive, and getting up before dawn happens is spoken of as waking it up. The purpose of getting up before dawn is to praise God. AT: "I will get up before dawn" or "I will get up before the sun rises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/057/009.md b/psa/057/009.md index 7eba66dde7..ab9d808c9b 100644 --- a/psa/057/009.md +++ b/psa/057/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## I will give thanks to you ... I will sing praises to you ... ## +# For great is your unfailing love, reaching to the heavens ... your faithfulness to the clouds -These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases are very similar in meaning. The greatness of God's unfailing love and the greatness of his faithfulness are spoken of as if they could be measured in distance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For your covenant faithfulness is great to the heavens, ## +# For great is your unfailing love, reaching to the heavens -These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. AT: "Your covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness are as great as the distance from the earth to the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The greatness of God's unfailing love is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance. AT: "Your unfailing love is as great as the distance from the earth to the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Be exalted, God, above the heavens ## +# your faithfulness to the clouds -AT: "God, may your creation exalt you as greater than the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The words "great is your" and "reaching" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "great is your faithfulness, reaching to the clouds" or "your faithfulness is as great as the distance from the earth to the clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## may your glory be exalted over all the earth ## +# Be exalted, God, above the heavens -AT: "may all the earth exalt your glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist is asking God to show that he is exalted. Being exalted above the heavens represents being great. AT: "God, show that you are exalted above the heavens" or "God, show that you are great in the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# may your glory be exalted over all the earth + +The psalmist is asking God to show his glory. AT: "show your glory over all the earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/057/intro.md b/psa/057/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2332b890d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/057/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 057 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 57 is a psalm of deliverance. It praises God for the many times he has delivered David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fear ##### +Since God is protecting the psalmist, he has nothing to fear from his enemies. + +##### Superscription ##### +The word "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as "psalm." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 57:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../056/intro.md) | [>>](../058/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/058/001.md b/psa/058/001.md index 3e6226b151..e897dbe9f8 100644 --- a/psa/058/001.md +++ b/psa/058/001.md @@ -1,45 +1,47 @@ +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# General Information: + This psalm is a song about wicked people. -## For the chief musician; ## +# For the chief musician -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -## set to Al Tashheth ## +# set to Al Tashheth -This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:1](../057/001.md). +This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:1](../057/001.md). -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## A michtam ## +# A michtam -See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). +The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote." See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). -## Do you rulers speak righteousness? ## +# Do you rulers speak righteousness? -The author is using this question to rebuke the people who are in political power. AT: "You rulers never make fair decisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The author uses this question to rebuke the rulers because they do not speak righteously. AT: "You rulers do not say what is right!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do you indeed ## +# you ... your -The words “you” and “your” refer to the mighty men who are judges. The “you” here is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +The words "you" and "your" refer to the mighty men who are judges. The "you" here is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## speak righteousness ## +# Do you judge uprightly, you people? -AT: "speak in a righteous way" +The author uses this question to rebuke the judges who do not judge uprightly. AT: "You people never judge people uprightly!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do you judge uprightly, you people? ## +# No -The author is using this question to emphasize that the mighty men judge unjustly. AT: "you sons of men never judge people uprightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The author answers the two questions he had just asked. -## you people ## +# you commit wickedness in your heart -Some versions read more literally, "you sons of men," but this expression in Hebrew means "people," "human beings." (See: (en:obe:kt:sonofman]]) +The heart refers to the people's thoughts or plans. AT: "you commit wickedness in your thoughts" or "you think about doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you commit wickedness ## +# you distribute violence throughout the land with your hands -AT: "you do wicked things" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## you distribute violence throughout the land with your hands ## - -AT: "you yourselves do violent deeds everywhere in the land." \ No newline at end of file +Doing violence in various places throughout the land is spoken of as distributing or spreading the violence throughout the land, as if violence were some kind of stuff or things. AT: "you yourselves do violent deeds everywhere in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/058/003.md b/psa/058/003.md index 51ce27025f..6a53f27e1f 100644 --- a/psa/058/003.md +++ b/psa/058/003.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## The wicked are estranged...they go astray ## +# The wicked go astray even when they are in the womb ... they go astray from birth -This is the same idea expressed in two different ways. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This is the same idea expressed in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## they go astray ## +# they go astray -"the wicked go astray" +Doing wrong things is spoken of as if people are walking on a road, and they turn off and go the wrong way. AT: "they do wrong things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Their poison is like snake's poison ## +# Their poison is like a snake's poison -The wicked's poisonous words are compared to snake's poison. AT: "Their words cause pain like a snake's poison" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The wicked things people say are spoken of as if they were poison. AT: "Their wicked words cause trouble as a snake's poison harms people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like a deaf adder that stops up its ears ## +# they are like a deaf adder that stops up its ears -The wicked are spoekn of as if they were snakes, which are deaf. AT: "They refuse to listen like a deaf adder that stops up its ears" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Wicked people who do not listen to advice or rebukes are spoken of as if they were snakes that do not respond to a charmer's music. AT: "they refuse to listen like a deaf adder that stops up its ears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## adder ## +# a deaf adder that stops up its ears -A kind of poisonous snake. +An adder that does not respond to a charmer's music is spoken of as as if it could put something in its ears so that it will not hear. AT: "an adder that does not listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## stops up its ears ## +# adder -AT: "cannot hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +a kind of poisonous snake -## how skillful they are ## +# charmers -"how skillful the snake charmers are at controlling snakes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +people who play or sing music in order to control snakes + +# no matter how skillful they are + +What the snake charmers were skillful at can be stated clearly. AT: "no matter how skillful the charmers are at controlling snakes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/058/006.md b/psa/058/006.md index 3361a79d2c..463d384dc4 100644 --- a/psa/058/006.md +++ b/psa/058/006.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Break their teeth ... break out the great teeth ... ## +# General Information: -These two phrase have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The author lists things that he would like God to do to wicked people. -## their ... them ... they ## +# Break their teeth ... break out the great teeth of the young lions -The words "their," "them," and "they" refer to "the wicked people." +In both of these phrases, the wicked people are spoken of as if they were lions, and making them powerless to kill people is spoken of as breaking their teeth. AT: "Take away their power to kill. Make them powerless like young lions whose teeth have been broken and fallen out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the young lions ## +# Let them melt away as water that runs off -AT: "the wicked who are like young lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The wicked people are spoken of as if they were ice or water. No longer existing is spoken of as melting or draining away into the dry ground. AT: "Make them disappear like water that runs off" or "Make them vanish like ice that melts and drains into the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## let them be as though they had no points ## +# let them be as though they had no points -"let the arrows be as though they had no points" +"let their arrows be as though they had no points" -## snail ## +# Let them be like a snail that melts and passes away + +No longer existing is spoken of as melting and disappearing. AT: "Let the wicked vanish like a snail that melts and no longer exists" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# snail "slug" -## like the untimely-born child of a woman that never sees the sunlight. ## +# like the untimely-born child of a woman that never sees the sunlight -born child of a woman that never sees the sunlight.** - It is the child that never sees the sunlight. AT: "let them be like the baby who is born early who never sees the sunlight" \ No newline at end of file +Not existing is spoken of as being like a baby that is born dead. AT: "like a baby who is born too early too live and see the sunlight" or "like a baby that was born dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/058/009.md b/psa/058/009.md index def5fcffbf..b3f10e8714 100644 --- a/psa/058/009.md +++ b/psa/058/009.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Before your pots can feel the thorns ... the green thorns and the burning thorns alike. ## +# Before your pots can feel the thorn's burning heat ... the green thorns and the burning thorns alike -This verse is difficult to translate because the original Biblical text is difficult to understand. AT: "He will quickly blow them away like thorns are blown away by a strong wind." +The wicked are spoken of as if they were thornbush branches, and God's swift punishment of them is spoken of as if he were to quickly blow them away or sweep them away. AT: "God will destroy wicked people faster than a whirlwind can blow away thornbush branches that have been put under a cooking pot and lit with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your ## +# your -David is speaking to God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +David is speaking to God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## he will take them away ## +# thorn -"God will take them away" +"thornbush branches" -## The righteous will rejoice ## +# The righteous will rejoice when he sees -"The righteous person will rejoice" +The phrase "the righteous" refers to righteous people in general. AT: "Righteous people will rejoice when they see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## he sees God’s vengeance ## +# he will wash his feet in the blood of the wicked -The word "he" refers to "the righteous". +Getting one's feet wet by walking on blood is spoken of as washing the feet in blood. AT: "the righteous will make their feet wet in the blood of the wicked" or "the righteous will march on the blood of the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he will wash his feet in the blood of the wicked ## +# he will wash his feet in the blood of the wicked -AT: "the wicked will die and fall all around him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This exaggeration expresses that a great number of wicked people will die. AT: "so many wicked people will die that when the righteous march on their blood, it will seem as if they could wash their feet in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/058/intro.md b/psa/058/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8783dc39b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/058/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 058 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 58 is a deliverance psalm. It asks God for deliverance from the unjust rulers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unjust]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Deliverance ##### +Although the leaders are very evil and unfair, God can deliver his people from their oppression. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +The word "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as "psalm." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 58:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../057/intro.md) | [>>](../059/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/001.md b/psa/059/001.md index bf0ff9281a..f639d14811 100644 --- a/psa/059/001.md +++ b/psa/059/001.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## For the chief musician; ## +# General Information: -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## set to Al Tashheth ## +# For the chief musician -This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:1](../057/001.md). +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -## A psalm of David ## +# set to Al Tashheth -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:1](../057/001.md). -## A michtam ## +# A psalm of David -See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## when Saul sent, and they watched the house to kill him ## +# A michtam + +The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote." See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). + +# when Saul sent, and they watched the house to kill him "from when Saul sent his soldiers to go and watch David's house for an opportunity to kill him" -## set me on high ## +# set me on high -AT: "put me in a safe place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +A high place represents a safe place where his enemies cannot reach him. AT: "put me in a safe place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## bloodthirsty men ## +# rise up against me -The word "bloodthirsty" contains "blood," which refers to murder and "thirsty," which refers to desire. AT: "the men who desire to kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Rising up against someone represents attacking him. AT: "attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bloodthirsty men + +The word "bloodthirsty" contains "blood," which refers to murder and "thirsty," which refers to desire. AT: "people who desire to kill" or "people who like to kill people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/003.md b/psa/059/003.md index 2cb500e4d7..1bfd3f1366 100644 --- a/psa/059/003.md +++ b/psa/059/003.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## they wait in ambush to take my life. ## +# they wait in ambush to take my life David's enemies are in hiding and are waiting quietly for the time when they can attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## because of my transgression or because of my sin ## +# awake -Both of these phrases mean same thing and are repeated to emphasis that it is true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Deciding to do something and beginning to do it is spoken of as waking up. AT: "do something" or "take action" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## awake ## +# and see -This word means the same thing as "rise up." It refers to deciding on a purpose and then beginning at act like a person who wakes and begins to do things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## to run at me ## - -This compares the authors enemies to soldiers who run towards their enemy in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## and see ## - -AT: "and see what is happening" \ No newline at end of file +What he wants God to see can be stated clearly. AT: "and see what is happening to me" or "and see what they are doing to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/005.md b/psa/059/005.md index e16d518adf..2d62ba7401 100644 --- a/psa/059/005.md +++ b/psa/059/005.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## arise ## +# arise -This phrase means the same thing as "rise up". It means to get up and begin doing something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Deciding to do something and beginning to do it is spoken of as getting up. AT: "do something" or "take action" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all the nations + +The word "nations" here represents the people of the nations that do not honor God. AT: "the people of all the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/006.md b/psa/059/006.md index f2535d9985..0bea426c02 100644 --- a/psa/059/006.md +++ b/psa/059/006.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## They return at evening ## +# They return at evening -The word "they" refers to the author's enemies. +The word "they" refers to the wicked transgressors. -## howl ## +# they howl like dogs -loud repetitive crying of an animal +The psalmist speaks of his enemies threatening to attack people as if they were dogs howling, growling, or barking at people. AT: "they threaten to attack people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## See... ## +# go around the city -Here the word "see" is being used to draw attention to something. AT: "Hear..." +Why they go around the city can be stated clearly. AT: "go around the city to attack anyone they find" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they belch out with their mouths ## +# See -This phrase compares their speech to a belch to say it is loud and uncontrolled. AT: "the loud uncontrolled speech coming from their mouths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the word "See" is being used to draw attention to something. AT: "Hear" -## belch ## +# they belch out with their mouths -the loud release of air from the stomach through the mouth +Saying terrible things is spoken of as belching. These terrible things may have been insults or threats. AT: "they say terrible things" or "they shout out terrible words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## swords are in their lips ## +# belch -The words spoken by wicked people are insults but are referred to as swords to express that they are harmful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +burp loudly; allow air from the stomach to come out of the mouth with a loud, rude noise -## Who hears us? ## +# swords are in their lips -This question expresses the people believe they are not heard by God. AT: "Your God does not hear us and will not save you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The cruel things that the wicked people were saying are spoken of as if they were swords. AT: "they say cruel things that cause people trouble as much as swords destroy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Who hears us? + +This question is used to show that they believed that God would not hear and punish them. AT: "No one can hear us!" or "Your God does not hear us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/008.md b/psa/059/008.md index 225233156f..06b3f665da 100644 --- a/psa/059/008.md +++ b/psa/059/008.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## laugh at them ## +# laugh at them -"laugh at my enemies" +"laugh at them scornfully" or "mock them." God would laugh at them because they are worthless and powerless. -## you hold all the nations in derision ## +# you hold all the nations in derision -"you ridicule all the nations" +"you ridicule all the nations" or "you know that the people of the nations are fools" -## derision ## +# derision "ridicule" or "mockery" -## my strength ## +# my strength -AT: "you are my strength" +God's being the psalmist's strength represents God protecting him. AT: "you are my strength" or "you are my protector" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## high tower ## +# you are my high tower -"watchtower" \ No newline at end of file +A high tower is a place that people could go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. AT: "you protect me like a high tower" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/010.md b/psa/059/010.md index a8addd3e6b..0df82bf045 100644 --- a/psa/059/010.md +++ b/psa/059/010.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## scatter them ## +# My God will meet me with his covenant faithfulness -"cause them to wander around" +This phrase implies that God will come to him in order to save him. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "My God, who is faithful to his covenant, will come to save me" or "My God will come to save me because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## make them fall ## +# my desire on my enemies -AT: "bring them down" +The abstract noun "desire" can be expressed with the verb "want." AT: "what I want to happen to my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## our shield ## +# Scatter them -AT: "our protection" or "the one who protects us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Cause them to wander around" + +# our shield + +God's protecting the righteous is spoken of as if God were a shield. AT: "our protector" or "the one who protects us like a shield" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/012.md b/psa/059/012.md index fad00bc6f5..b7bed15435 100644 --- a/psa/059/012.md +++ b/psa/059/012.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## For the sins of their mouths and the words of their lips ## +# For the sins of their mouths and the words of their lips -AT: "Because they sin by what they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The mouths and lips represent the things people say. AT: "Because they sin by what they say" or "Because of the sinful things they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## let them be captured in their pride ## +# let them be captured in their pride -AT: "let people capture them because of their pride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let people capture them because of their pride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that they express ## +# that they express "that they say" -## Consume them in wrath, consume them so that they will be no more ## +# Consume them in wrath, consume them so that they will be no more -These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Destroying them completely is spoken of either as burning them up or eating them. AT: "Be angry with them and destroy them completely so there will be no more of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in Jacob + +Jacob here refers to Israel. AT: "in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to the ends of the earth + +"to even the most distance places on earth." This represents all places on earth. AT: "everywhere on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/014.md b/psa/059/014.md index 12b82dcffa..e571c6cfa1 100644 --- a/psa/059/014.md +++ b/psa/059/014.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## howl ## +# howling like dogs -loud repetitive crying of an animal +The psalmist speaks of his enemies threatening to attack people as if they were dogs howling, growling, or barking at people. AT: "threatening to attack us" or "threatening to attack us like wild dogs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## wander up and down for food ## +# satisfied -AT: "wander up and down the streets searching for food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## satisfied ## - -"content" or AT: "happy" \ No newline at end of file +"content" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/016.md b/psa/059/016.md index 8d65b1429c..356bef56c2 100644 --- a/psa/059/016.md +++ b/psa/059/016.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## and a refuge ## +# you have been my high tower and a refuge -AT: "and you have been a refuge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +High towers and refuges are places that people can go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. AT: "you have protected me like a high tower and a refuge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## distress ## +# in the day of my distress -great pain, unhappiness, trouble +"whenever I have had troubles" -## for God is my high tower ## +# To you, my strength, I will sing praises -Here the author speaks about God instead of to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +"To you, my strength" can be combined as one clause. AT: "You are my strength, so I will sing praises to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]]) -## the God of covenant faithfulness ## +# my strength -AT: "he is the God of covenant faithfulness" \ No newline at end of file +God's being the psalmist's strength represents God protecting him. AT: "my protector" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for God is my high tower + +High towers are places that people can go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. AT: "you have protected me like a high tower" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the God of covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. This can be expressed in a separate sentence. AT: "He is the God who is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/059/intro.md b/psa/059/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cc363e8a01 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/059/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 059 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 59 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Protection ##### +The author prays for God to defeat his enemies. God is his protector. Therefore, he will praise God. + +##### Superscription ##### +The word "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as "psalm." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 59:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../058/intro.md) | [>>](../060/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/060/001.md b/psa/060/001.md index 466e8e1640..f07879e63f 100644 --- a/psa/060/001.md +++ b/psa/060/001.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## For the chief musician; ## +# General Information: -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## set to Shushan Eduth ## +# For the chief musician -This may refer to a style of music. +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -## A michtam ## +# set to Shushan Eduth -See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). +This probably tells what tune or musical style to use when singing the psalm. AT: "sing this psalm using the tune of 'Shushan Eduth'" or "sing this using the Shushan Eduth style" -## Aram Naharaim ... Aram Zobah ## +# Shushan Eduth -"Aram of the two rivers" ... "the Aramean nation of Zobah" These are places. (See: [[[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This means "Lily of the Promise." Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -## twelve thousand Edomites ## +# A michtam -"12,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote." See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). -## you have cast us off ## +# Aram Naharaim ... Aram Zobah -The Israelites express that they have been rejected by God like an unwanted piece of clothing that is taken off and thrown to the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Aram of the two rivers ... the Aramean nation of Zobah." These are places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## you have broken us down ## +# Joab -The Israelites express that they have been rejected by God like something unwanted that has been destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Joab and the army that he led. AT: "Joab and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# twelve thousand Edomites + +"12,000 Edomites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# you have cast us off + +God's rejecting people is spoken of as if he had thrown them away. AT: "you have rejected us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you have broken through our defenses + +God's allowing Israel's enemies to break through their defenses is spoken of as God himself had done it. AT: "you have allowed our enemies to break through our defenses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/060/002.md b/psa/060/002.md index ffef26b560..9a9054844b 100644 --- a/psa/060/002.md +++ b/psa/060/002.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## tremble ## +# Connecting Statement: -"shake" +The psalmist continues speaking to God. -## breaches ## +# You have made the land tremble; you have torn it apart -large cracks in earth and in walls \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist speaks of the disaster in his country as if it were an earthquake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# heal its fissures + +Making the people strong again is spoken of as repairing the fissures in the ground or walls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fissures + +large cracks in the ground or walls + +# You have made your people see difficult things + +Here "see" represents "experience" or "suffer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# drink the wine of staggering + +Being helpless is spoken of as staggering around, barely able to stand upright. The abstract noun "staggering" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the wine that makes us stagger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/060/004.md b/psa/060/004.md index 7219ea8ca7..0a58971570 100644 --- a/psa/060/004.md +++ b/psa/060/004.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## You have given a banner ... it may be displayed because of the truth. ## +# you have set up a banner -The most likely meaning of this sentence is what the UDB has chosen. +God's guiding his people in battle is spoken of as if God were a human king or commander who had set up a banner for the army. AT: "you are like a king who sets up a banner" or "you command us in battle like a king who raises up a banner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## banner ## +# banner -a small cloth placed at the top of a stick used by kings or military to identify who they are in battle or elsewhere \ No newline at end of file +"battle flag." This is a flag that a king or commander would raise up on a pole to show that the army should gather. + +# to be displayed against those who carry the bow + +This can be stated with an active clause. However some versions have different interpretations of this phrase. AT: "to display against those who carry the bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to be displayed against those who carry the bow + +The phrase "those who carry the bow" refers to the enemy soldiers in battle. AT: "to display when he takes his army into battle against your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with your right hand + +God's right hand represents his power. AT: "by your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# answer me + +Answering here represents responding to his request. AT: "respond to my request" or "answer my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/060/006.md b/psa/060/006.md index 21463c00ef..15de5df6d6 100644 --- a/psa/060/006.md +++ b/psa/060/006.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## helmet ## +# Ephraim also is my helmet -a protective head covering \ No newline at end of file +God speaks of the tribe of Ephraim as if it were his army. The helmet symbolizes equipment for war. AT: "Ephraim is like a helmet I have chosen" or "the tribe of Ephraim is my army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# helmet + +a hard hat that soldiers wear to protect their heads from injury + +# Judah is my scepter + +God chose men from the tribe of Judah to be the kings of his people, and he speaks of that tribe as if it were his scepter. AT: "the tribe of Judah is like my scepter" or "Judah is the tribe through whom I rule my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/060/008.md b/psa/060/008.md index 0c09494360..3d1a54422e 100644 --- a/psa/060/008.md +++ b/psa/060/008.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## my washbasin ## +# Moab is my washbasin -"my bowl used for washing" +God speaks of Moab being unimportant as if Moab were a washbasin or a lowly servant. AT: "Moab is like a bowl that I use for washing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Who will bring me into the strong city…to Edom? ## +# over Edom I will throw my shoe -David is expressing his need for directions in how to lead the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Who will bring me into the strong city? Who will lead me to Edom? ## - -God is asking these two questions. Both questions have the same meaning. "The strong city" refers to Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +God was probably speaking of taking ownership of Edom as if he were symbolically throwing his shoe onto that land to show that he owns it. However some versions have other interpretations. AT: "I take ownership of the land of Edom" or "I throw my shoe onto the land of Edom to show that it is mine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/060/010.md b/psa/060/010.md index 2d448d1579..9bb13dd47c 100644 --- a/psa/060/010.md +++ b/psa/060/010.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## futile ## +# But you, God, have you not rejected us? + +The psalmist uses this question to express his sadness that it seems that God has rejected them. AT: "But God, it seems like you have rejected us." or "God, you seem to have abandoned us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You do not go into battle with our army + +The psalmist speaks of God helping their army as if God were to go and fight with them. AT: "you do not help our army when we go into battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# futile "worthless" -## triumph ## +# triumph -"have victory" \ No newline at end of file +"have victory" + +# he will trample down our enemies + +The psalmist speaks of God helping their army defeat their enemies as if God were to trample down the enemies. AT: "he will enable us to trample down our enemies" or "he will make us able to defeat our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/060/intro.md b/psa/060/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..70c0400fd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/060/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 060 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 60 is a psalm of war. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Protection ##### +God has preserved the land of Israel, and now he will give them victory over the countries of Moab and Edom. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 60:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../059/intro.md) | [>>](../061/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/061/001.md b/psa/061/001.md index d9471201e5..e6c662921f 100644 --- a/psa/061/001.md +++ b/psa/061/001.md @@ -1,22 +1,39 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -This psalm is a song about God being faithful. +# General Information: -## For the chief musician; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +# General Information: -## on a stringed instrument ## +This is a song about God's faithfulness. -"people should play a stringed instrument with this song." +# For the chief musician -## A psalm of David ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +# on a stringed instrument -## overwhelmed ## +"people should play a stringed instrument with this song" + +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# Hear my cry, God; attend to my prayer + +These clauses have a similar meaning. AT: "God, listen to me and answer my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# overwhelmed "overcome" -## a strong tower from the enemy ## +# lead me to the rock that is higher than I -AT: "you have been like a strong tower safe from my enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the writer speaks of God as if he were a high rock that he could climb for protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a strong tower from the enemy + +The implied words "that keeps me safe" can be added to the translation. AT: "you have been like a strong tower that keeps me safe from my enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# a strong tower + +Here the writer speaks of God as if he were a "strong tower" that provides protection from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/061/004.md b/psa/061/004.md index 868dee35ca..3fdb6c3799 100644 --- a/psa/061/004.md +++ b/psa/061/004.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## in the hiding place under your wings ## +# take refuge under the shelter of your wings -This compares God to a mother bird who protects its baby under its wing. Here he means he will hide inside of God's tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Here there is a second metaphor that speaks of Yahweh's protection as if he was a hen protecting her baby chicks under her wings. AT: "go to you for protection as a chick is safe under the wings of its mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you have given me the inheritance + +The writer speaks of God's blessings as if they were an inheritance that he has received. AT: "you have given to me the blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who honor your name + +Here "your name" means God himself. AT: "who honor you" or "who have an awesome respect for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/061/006.md b/psa/061/006.md index be1f9e0a43..06481f490f 100644 --- a/psa/061/006.md +++ b/psa/061/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## You will prolong the king’s life ## +# You will prolong ... many generations -"You will extend the king's life" or "You will cause the king's life to last" +These two clauses have similar meanings. The idea is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## his years will be like many generations ## +# You will prolong the king's life -AT: "he will live for many generations" \ No newline at end of file +"You will extend the king's life" or "You will cause the king's life to last a long time" + +# his years will be like many generations + +Here "years" refers to how long the king will live. AT: "he will live for many generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He will remain before God forever + +Here "to remain before God" means to be in God's presence or to be with God. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "God will be with him forever" or "God will be with the king forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/061/008.md b/psa/061/008.md index 5e8a5f9a03..31c209aabc 100644 --- a/psa/061/008.md +++ b/psa/061/008.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this verse. \ No newline at end of file +# I will sing praise to your name forever + +Here "name" stands for God himself. AT: "I will always sing praise to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my vows + +These refer to the promise to offer sacrifices to God every day. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/061/intro.md b/psa/061/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..933d875088 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/061/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 061 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 61 is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Vow ##### +The author has vowed to praise God every day of his life because God has blessed him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 61:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../060/intro.md) | [>>](../062/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/062/001.md b/psa/062/001.md index d9b8121a2e..07cb61eae9 100644 --- a/psa/062/001.md +++ b/psa/062/001.md @@ -1,22 +1,35 @@ -This psalm is a song about God being faithful. -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +# General Information: -## Jeduthun ## +This psalm is a song about God's faithfulness. -See how you translated this in [Psalms 39:1](../039/001.md). +# For the chief musician -## A psalm of David ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +# Jeduthun -## from him comes my salvation ## +One of David's chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 39:1](../039/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -"for my salvation comes from him" +# A psalm of David -## I will not be greatly moved ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -This can also be translated: "I will never be moved" or AT: "nothing can move me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# my salvation comes from him + +"he is the one who rescues me" or "he is the one who saves me" + +# He alone is my rock and my salvation + +The writer speaks of God's ability to protect him as if God were a rock. AT: "He is the only one who can protect and rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he is my high tower + +The writer speaks of God's ability to protect him as if God were a high tower. AT: "he keeps me away from the grasp of my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will not be greatly moved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nothing can ever move me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/062/003.md b/psa/062/003.md index 89c904bd50..6b7135b39f 100644 --- a/psa/062/003.md +++ b/psa/062/003.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## all of you ## +# all of you -AT: "my enemies" or "all my enemies". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +"my enemies" or "all my enemies" -## How long will you attack a man … or a shaky fence? ## +# How long ... will you attack a man ... or a shaky fence? David uses a rhetorical question to express his frustration. No answer is expected. AT: "It seems like my enemies will never stop attacking me. I feel that I am as weak against you as a leaning wall or a broken-down fence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## attack a man ## +# attack a man -Here David refers to himself as "a man". AT: "attack me" +"attack me" -## They consult with him only to ## +# They consult with him only to -"They intend" or "They plan to" +"They intend to" or "They plan to" -## consult with him ... bring him ... bless me ... curse me ## +# consult with him ... bring him ... bless him ... curse him -In these verses David refers to himself as "him". AT: "consult with me ... bring me ... bless me ... curse me" \ No newline at end of file +In these verses, David is referring to himself by "him." + +# with their mouths + +This refers to their speech or their words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in their hearts + +This refers to their thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/062/005.md b/psa/062/005.md index 7505861987..810712bf32 100644 --- a/psa/062/005.md +++ b/psa/062/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## for my hopes are set on him ## +# for my hopes are set on him -"for I set my hopes on him" +"for I place my hope in him" -## He alone is my rock and my salvation; he is my high tower ## +# He alone is my rock and my salvation; he is my high tower -See how you translated this in [Psalms 62:1](./001.md). +The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock and a high tower. Both of these metaphors show how God provides protection from one's enemies. Here "salvation" means that God rescues the writer. See how you translated this in [Psalms 62:2](./001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I will not be moved ## +# I will not be moved -This can also be translated: “I will never be moved” or AT: “nothing can move me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "nothing can move me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/062/007.md b/psa/062/007.md index 687ff3506d..0353215278 100644 --- a/psa/062/007.md +++ b/psa/062/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the rock of my strength and my refuge are in God. ## +# the rock of my strength and my refuge are in God -AT: "God is my strength and my refuge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock that keeps one safe from his enemies. He also speaks of God as if he were a shelter that provides protection. AT: "God always gives me strength and protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## pour out your hearts ## +# pour out your heart -This refers to giving your deep and inmost feelings to God. It is compared to pouring out a liquid. AT: "give your deepest concerns to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This refers to telling God your inner feelings as if you were pouring out a liquid. AT: "give your deepest concerns to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## refuge for us ## +# refuge for us The word "us" refers to David and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/062/009.md b/psa/062/009.md index 73819d6906..458a74b70b 100644 --- a/psa/062/009.md +++ b/psa/062/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## men of low standing ... men of high standing ... ## +# men of low standing ... men of high standing are a lie -This refers to men of all levels of wealth. The phrases "are vanity" and "are a lie" have the same meaning. AT: "men that are poor are vanity, and men that are rich are a lie" or "all men, both low and high, are a lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This refers to men of all levels of wealth and importance. The phrases "are vanity" and "are a lie" have the same meaning. One cannot confidently trust in anyone. AT: "you cannot place your trust in men, no matter how important they are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## ... are vanity ... are a lie ... ## +# weighed together, they are lighter than nothing -This means that you can not rely on them or put your trust in them. AT: "... are unreliable ... are untrustworthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +If you put all of these kinds of men together on a scale, they would have no weight. This means that they have no real value to you. -## oppression or robbery ## +# oppression or robbery -These two words have basically the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two words have basically the same meaning. You cannot trust in money that you get by taking it from other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## for they will ... on them ## +# for they will bear no fruit -The words "they" and "them" refer to "riches". \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of riches as if they were trees or vines that could bear fruit. AT: "for they will provide nothing good for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not fix your heart on them + +Here "fix your heart" is an idiom that means to desire something greatly. AT: "do not desire them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/062/011.md b/psa/062/011.md index 69fe983486..45efb2fa10 100644 --- a/psa/062/011.md +++ b/psa/062/011.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# God has spoken once, twice have I heard this + +This means that God has said this more than once. + +# power belongs to God + +God being characterized by power is spoken of as if power belonged to him. The abstract noun "power" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "God is powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Also to you, Lord, belongs covenant faithfulness + +God being characterized by covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if covenant faithfulness belonged to him. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "You, Lord, are also faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# for you pay back every person for what he has done + +The writer speaks of God's rewards as if he were paying a wage for work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/062/intro.md b/psa/062/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..abd6377ff6 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/062/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 062 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 62 is a psalm of deliverance. It expresses trust that God will save the psalmist from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +Although the psalmist's enemies have attacked him when he was feeling weak, he trusts in God to deliver him. God is powerful and kind. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 62:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../061/intro.md) | [>>](../063/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/063/001.md b/psa/063/001.md index e5faee40d6..670d81c138 100644 --- a/psa/063/001.md +++ b/psa/063/001.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## A psalm of David ## +# General Information: -“This is a psalm that David wrote” +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## earnestly ## +# A psalm of David + +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. + +# earnestly "sincerely" -## weary ## +# my soul thirsts for you, and my flesh longs for you -"tiresome" or "thirsty" +These two clauses have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how greatly the writer desires to be with God. AT: "my whole being greatly desires to be with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## my soul thirsts for you, and my flesh longs for you ## +# dry and weary land -These two clauses have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"hot, dry desert" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/063/003.md b/psa/063/003.md index abce9e4a7d..312e961d56 100644 --- a/psa/063/003.md +++ b/psa/063/003.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## my lips will praise you ## +# Because your covenant faithfulness is better than life, my lips -AT: "I will praise you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adverb and the abstract noun "life" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I value you being faithful to your covenant more than I value living, so my lips" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my lips will praise you + +Here "my lips" represents the whole person. AT: "I will praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I will lift up my hands in your name + +Here "in your name" means "to you." AT: "I will worship you and pray to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/063/005.md b/psa/063/005.md index 298702dec6..f6fb7d4dd0 100644 --- a/psa/063/005.md +++ b/psa/063/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## It will be as if ate a meal of marrow and fatness ## +# It will be as if I ate a meal of marrow and fatness -AT: "I will be as happy as a person who eats a meal of fat and choice food" +Here the writer speaks of knowing and worshiping God as being more satisfying than eating a good meal. AT: "I will be happier than a person who eats a meal of fat and choice food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## with joyful lips my mouth will praise you ## +# with joyful lips my mouth will praise you -"I will praise you joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "with joyful lips my mouth" represents the whole person who will praise God joyfully. AT: "I will praise you joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# when I think about you on my bed ... in the night hours + +These two clauses have the same meaning. The ideas are repeated to emphasize how much the writer thinks about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/063/007.md b/psa/063/007.md index 5f1e149762..f880ef78c7 100644 --- a/psa/063/007.md +++ b/psa/063/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## in the shadow of your wings I rejoice ## +# in the shadow of your wings I rejoice -This compares God to a mother bird that protects her baby bird under her wing. AT: "I rejoice because you protect me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of God as if he were a bird protecting its young under his wings. AT: "I rejoice because you protect me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I cling to you ## +# I cling to you "I need you" or "I depend on you" -## your right hand supports me ## +# your right hand supports me -Here, the right hand is used as a symbol of strength. AT: "you support me" or "you uphold me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here, the right hand is used as a symbol of strength and power. AT: "you support me" or "you lift me up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/063/009.md b/psa/063/009.md index 742f21b210..8de55ad542 100644 --- a/psa/063/009.md +++ b/psa/063/009.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## They will be handed over to the power of the sword ## +# will go down into the lowest parts of the earth -AT: "They will be killed in battle" or "God will cause them to die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This means they will die and go to the place of the dead. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "will die and descend into the place of the dead" or "will die and go down into the place of the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and they will become food for the jackals ## +# they will be given over to those whose hands use the sword -AT: "jackals will eat their dead bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "the sword" represents death in battle, and "those whose hands use the sword" refers to enemies who kill them in battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will cause them to die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# they will become food for the jackals + +Here "they" refers to the corpses of those who die in battle. AT: "jackals will eat their dead bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the jackals + +"jackals" are a kind of long-legged wild dog. They feed on carrion, game, and fruit. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/063/011.md b/psa/063/011.md index b0bd1623bc..11b0ad6173 100644 --- a/psa/063/011.md +++ b/psa/063/011.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## the king ## +# the king -David is speaking about himself. AT: "I, the king of Israel" UDB +David is speaking about himself. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "I, the king of Israel," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## swears by him ... proud of him ## +# swears by him ... proud of him -The word "him" refers to "God". +The word "him" refers to "God." -## but the mouth of those who speak lies will be stopped up ## +# but the mouth of those who speak lies will be stopped up -AT: "but God will silence the mouths of liars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## the mouths of those who speak lies ## - -AT: "liars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "the mouth" represents the whole person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "but God will silence the liars" or "but God will silence those who lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/063/intro.md b/psa/063/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6180708a47 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/063/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 063 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 63 is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Praise ##### +The author praises God for who he is and for having protected him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 63:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../062/intro.md) | [>>](../064/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/064/001.md b/psa/064/001.md index 00846e52c3..51f6111a29 100644 --- a/psa/064/001.md +++ b/psa/064/001.md @@ -1,22 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# General Information: + This psalm is a prayer for help. -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## For the chief musician ## +# For the chief musician -"This is for the director of music to use in worship." +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## preserve ## +# preserve "save" -## from the commotion ## +# Hide me from the secret plotting ... commotion of the doers of iniquity -AT: "hide me from the commotion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +These two clauses have similar meanings. The second clause provides more detail by describing what the "secret plotting" sounds like. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## commotion ## +# from the commotion -a confusion of noise and excitement \ No newline at end of file +Here the implied words "hide me" can be added to the translation. AT: "hide me from the commotion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# commotion + +a confusing sound of noise and excitement \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/064/003.md b/psa/064/003.md index 5acda68502..346e18acb0 100644 --- a/psa/064/003.md +++ b/psa/064/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## They have sharpened ## +# They have sharpened their tongues like swords -AT: "my enemies" +The writer speaks of his enemies' tongues as if they were as sharp as swords. Here "tongues" represents the harsh words that the enemies speak. AT: "The harsh things that they say hurt me like a sharp sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## arrows, bitter words ## +# arrows, bitter words -Their "bitter words" are compared to arrows. AT: "arrows which are bitter words" or "bitter words which are like arrows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of his enemies' bitter words as if they were arrows being shot at him. AT: "bitter words which pierce me like arrows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/064/005.md b/psa/064/005.md index f58bc680b9..d4ae03d4e6 100644 --- a/psa/064/005.md +++ b/psa/064/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Who will see us? ## +# Who will see us? -The evildoers do not expect an answer to their question because they think no one will see them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The evildoers do not expect an answer to their question because they think no one will see them. AT: "No one will see what we are doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## “We have finished,” they say, “a careful plan." ## +# The inner thoughts and hearts of man are deep -""We have made a well thought out plan," they say." +The writer speaks of man's "inner thoughts" and "hearts of man" as if they were a deep body of water that no one can explore all the way to the bottom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## deep ## +# inner thoughts ... hearts of man -difficult to understand (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these phrases refer to man's private or inner thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/064/007.md b/psa/064/007.md index 4bfa722c97..c7b07773b0 100644 --- a/psa/064/007.md +++ b/psa/064/007.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -The writer continues to speak of the "evildoers" of [Psalms 64:1](./001.md). +# General Information: -## They will be made to stumble ## +The writer continues to speak of the "evildoers" of [Psalms 64:01](./001.md). -AT: "God will make them stumble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# But God will shoot them ... with his arrows -## since their own tongues are against them ## +The writer speaks of God's punishment of the evildoers as if God were shooting arrows at them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "since their own words they say are against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# They will be made to stumble -## what he has done ## +The writer speaks of God's causing the evildoers' plans to fail as if God were making them stumble in their paths. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will make them stumble" or "God will cause their plans to fail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# since their own tongues are against them + +Here "tongues" represents the words that they say. AT: "since the words that they say are against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# what he has done "what God has done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/064/010.md b/psa/064/010.md index 5e8a5f9a03..d4c2278c30 100644 --- a/psa/064/010.md +++ b/psa/064/010.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for this verse. \ No newline at end of file +# take refuge in him + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to him for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the upright in heart will take pride in him + +Here "upright in heart" is an idiom that means godly or righteous. AT: "all the people who are godly will praise him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/064/intro.md b/psa/064/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89ae3714c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/064/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 064 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 64 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Plotting of enemies ##### +The author's enemies have plotted against him but God has saved him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 64:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../063/intro.md) | [>>](../065/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/065/001.md b/psa/065/001.md index 02060ede13..579e8989d9 100644 --- a/psa/065/001.md +++ b/psa/065/001.md @@ -1,30 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# General Information: + This psalm is a song of praise. -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## For the chief musician ## +# For the chief musician -"This is for the director of music to use in worship." +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -## A psalm. A song of David ## +# A psalm. A song of David -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +"This is a psalm that David wrote" -## For you, God in Zion, our praise waits; ## +# For you, God in Zion, our praise waits -This may be translated: "To you, God in Zion, is silence and praise". +This speaks of praise as if it were a person who could act on its own. AT: "To you alone, God in Zion, we will offer our praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## our praise waits ## +# our vows will be carried out to you -AT: "we wait to praise you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "we will do what we have promised you that we would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## our vows will be carried out ## +# Iniquities prevail against us -AT: "we will bring our vows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +David speaks about iniquity as if it were a person that is able to defeat or oppress. AT: "It is as if our own sins were defeating us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Iniquities prevail over us ## +# you will forgive them -David speaks about iniquity as if it were a person that is able to defeat or oppress. AT: "It is like our iniquities prevail against us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) - -## you will forgive them ## - -The word "them" refers to our "iniquities". \ No newline at end of file +The word "them" refers to our "iniquities." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/065/004.md b/psa/065/004.md index b0ac5710a0..61576751e0 100644 --- a/psa/065/004.md +++ b/psa/065/004.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## whom you choose ... your courts ## +# whom you choose ... your courts The words "you" and "your" in this verse refer to Yahweh. -## live in your courts ## +# live in your courts -This doesn't mean that the man lives in the temple but that he is there very, very frequently. AT: "be very, very often in your courts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This exaggeration expresses that the man is in the temple very frequently to worship Yahweh. AT: "worship often in your courts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## We will be satisfied with the goodness of your house, your holy temple ## +# We will be satisfied with the goodness of your house, your holy temple -AT: "The goodness of your house, your holy temple, will satisfy us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The goodness of your house, your holy temple, will satisfy us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## We will be ## +# We will be -Here the word "we" refers to David and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here the word "we" refers to David and the people of Israel, but not to God, to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## your house, your holy temple ## +# your house, your holy temple "your house, which is your holy temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/065/005.md b/psa/065/005.md index fe0c2f6e41..d8042ae129 100644 --- a/psa/065/005.md +++ b/psa/065/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## In righteousness ## +# In righteousness -AT: "Because you are righteous" +"Because you are righteous" -## you who are ## +# you who are -AT: "you are" +"you are" -## of all the ends of the earth ... across the sea ## +# of all the ends of the earth ... across the sea -AT: "of all the people who live throughout the earth and across the sea" \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases have similar meanings. AT: "of all the people who live throughout the earth and across the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# of all the ends of the earth + +This refers to the people who live all over the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/065/006.md b/psa/065/006.md index c4777ff818..24970bcd9f 100644 --- a/psa/065/006.md +++ b/psa/065/006.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## you who are belted with strength ## +# you who are belted with strength -This phrase describes God. AT: "you who are clothed with strength" or "you who are very strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of God as if he wore his strength like a belt. AT: "showing that you are very powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the roaring of the seas, the roaring of their waves, ## +# the roaring of the seas, the roaring of their waves -These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "the roaring of the seas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to create a vivid impression on the hearer or reader. AT: "the continuous roaring of the seas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## roar ## +# roaring -a loud noise like the one made by a lion +a loud noise caused by the wind and waves -## and the commotion ## +# the commotion -AT: "and quiet the commotion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The implied word "quiet" can be added to the translation. AT: "quiet the commotion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## commotion ## +# commotion -a loud crowd \ No newline at end of file +loud noise \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/065/008.md b/psa/065/008.md index d9e5e74271..22c7a3c735 100644 --- a/psa/065/008.md +++ b/psa/065/008.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## the uttermost parts of the earth ## - -"the ends of the earth" - -## evidence ## +# evidence proof or something that shows that another thing is true -## help the earth ## +# you make the east and the west rejoice -This refers to the soil of the earth. AT: "the land" or "the soil" +The phrase "the east and the west" refers to the people who live all over the earth. AT: "you cause people everywhere to shout joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## you greatly enrich it ## +# help the earth -AT: "you make the soil dark" +This refers to the soil of the earth. -## the river of God is full of water ## +# you greatly enrich it -"Your river, God, is full of water." This phrase refers to the supply of water in the sky that God sends to water the earth and fill the steams. \ No newline at end of file +"you make the soil very good so that good things will grow in it" + +# the river of God is full of water + +This refers to the supply of water in the sky that God sends to water the earth and fill the streams. AT: "you fill the streams with water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/065/010.md b/psa/065/010.md index 6789e3d769..242ab85963 100644 --- a/psa/065/010.md +++ b/psa/065/010.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## You, your ## +# You ... your -The word "you" and "your" refer to Yahweh. +The words "You" and "your" refer to Yahweh. -## its furrows ## +# its furrows "the earth's furrows" -## furrow ## +# furrows -a long narrow trench made in the ground for planting seeds or for watering the field where grains have been planted +A furrow is a long narrow trench made in the ground for planting seeds or for watering the field where grains have been planted. -## ridges ## +# ridges edges -## You crown the year with goodness ## +# You crown the year with your goodness -Here the "year" is given the human quality of wearing a crown. AT: "You have honored the year with a good harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here the "year" is given the human quality of wearing a crown. AT: "You have honored the year with a good harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## drop fatness down to the earth ## +# drop fatness down to the earth -The word "fatness" suggests fertile or goodness. As used in this phrase, it points to how Yahweh makes the soil so good and fertile that it produces abundant harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "fatness" suggests fertility or goodness. As used in this phrase, it points to how Yahweh makes the soil so good and fertile that it produces abundant harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## It drops onto ## +# The pastures ... drip with dew -AT: "Your abundance fills" +There is so much dew in the pastures that they are said to drip with it. AT: "The pastures ... are full of dew" or "Much dew drips in the pastures of the wilderness" -## hills are dressed with a belt of joy ## +# the hills are clothed with joy -This phrase is a picture of hills that look beautiful. It is as though they are dressed and surrounded with joy. AT: "the hills are very joyful" or "the hills are very beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of the beauty of the hills as if they were joyful people, and of joy as if it were clothing. AT: "the hills are like people wearing joy" or "the hills are like joyful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/065/013.md b/psa/065/013.md index 7587a6acf8..2018027af6 100644 --- a/psa/065/013.md +++ b/psa/065/013.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## pastures ## +# The pastures are clothed with flocks + +The writer speaks of the pastures as being so covered with flocks that it is like the pastures are wearing a garment. + +# pastures a large field where animals feed on the grass -## flocks ## +# flocks group of animals, such as sheep and goats -## they shout for joy, and they sing ## +# they shout for joy, and they sing The pastures, hills and valleys are so bountiful, that they seem to shout and sing for joy. AT: "they are like joyful singing people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## they shout ## +# they shout The word "they" refers to the pastures and valleys. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/065/intro.md b/psa/065/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4d1b945b36 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/065/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 065 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 65 is a psalm of praise to God. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's power ##### +God answered prayers and gave the people justice and hope. God created nature and controls it, sending rain so the grain and pastures grow well. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 65:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../064/intro.md) | [>>](../066/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/001.md b/psa/066/001.md index 395d58ef8a..12bec0f4ea 100644 --- a/psa/066/001.md +++ b/psa/066/001.md @@ -1,14 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# General Information: + This psalm is a song of praise. -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## For the chief musician ## +# For the chief musician -"This is for the director of music to use in worship." +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -## make a joyful noise ... all the earth ## +# Make a joyful noise to God, all the earth -AT: "Everyone on earth, sing and shout joyfully to God." +A "joyful noise to God" represents singing and shouting praises to God. AT: "Let all the earth sing and shout joyfully to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Sing out the glory of his name; make his praise glorious ## +# all the earth -These phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. AT: "Sing about how wonderful God's name is; sing wonderful praise about how great God is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to all the people who live on the earth. AT: "everyone on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Sing out the glory of his name; make his praise glorious + +These phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize how wonderful God is. AT: "Sing about how wonderful God's name is; sing wonderful praise about how great God is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the glory of his name + +God's name here represents God himself. AT: "his glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/003.md b/psa/066/003.md index f2a8911177..b3e9e14cef 100644 --- a/psa/066/003.md +++ b/psa/066/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## How terrifying are your deeds ## +# How terrifying are your deeds The works of God cause us to be in awe and terrified because we know he is powerful and holy. -## By the greatness of your power ## +# By the greatness of your power -AT: "Because you have great power" \ No newline at end of file +"Because you have great power" + +# All the earth will worship you + +This refers to all of the people who live on the earth. AT: "All the people on earth will worship you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will sing to your name + +Here "your name" refers to God himself. AT: "they will praise and honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/005.md b/psa/066/005.md index 7855d983a1..36128d301c 100644 --- a/psa/066/005.md +++ b/psa/066/005.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## he ... him ... his ## +# he ... his ... him -These words refer to God. +Here all these words refer to God. -## fearsome ## +# fearsome "awesome" -## the children of men ## +# the sons of mankind -AT: "humanity" +"humanity" -## He turned the sea into dry land; they went through the river on foot; ## +# He turned the sea into dry land; they went through the river on foot -This refers to the crossing of the Red sea. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This refers to the crossing of the Red Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## they went ## +# they went -The word "they" refer to God's people, the Israelites. +The word "they" refers to God's people, the Israelites. -## we rejoiced ## +# we rejoiced -The word "we" refers to the Israelites, their ancestors, David, and the people he is speaking to. (See: en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_inclusive) +The word "we" refers to the Israelites, their ancestors, David, and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## his eyes observe ## +# his eyes observe -The phrase "his eyes" refers to God. AT: "he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The phrase "his eyes" refers to God himself. AT: "he sees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## let not the rebellious exalt themselves ## +# let not the rebellious exalt themselves -AT: "may the rebellious people not exalt themselves" \ No newline at end of file +"let not the rebellious people exalt themselves" or "let not the rebellious people be proud" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/008.md b/psa/066/008.md index 186b8a0eaa..7e96666ee6 100644 --- a/psa/066/008.md +++ b/psa/066/008.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## our ## +# Give blessing to God ... let the sound of his praise be heard -In these verses the word "our" includes David and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +These two clauses have similar meanings. The idea is repeated to emphasize the importance of praising God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## our feet ## +# us ... our -AT: "us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +These words refer to David and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# he does not permit our feet to slip + +The writer speaks of God's protection as preventing his people from slipping as they walk or falling off a cliff. AT: "he has not allowed us to fall into disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/010.md b/psa/066/010.md index c15cebd0d9..394652bcb3 100644 --- a/psa/066/010.md +++ b/psa/066/010.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## a net ## +# You brought us into a net + +The writer speaks of God's punishment as if God had captured his people in a net. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a net a trap for a bird or an animal -## you laid a severe burden on our waists ## +# you laid a heavy burden on our backs -A heavy load is a test of endurance. AT: "it is like you've put heavy loads on our backs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of what the people have endured as having to carry heavy loads on their backs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You made people ride over our heads ## +# You made people ride over our heads -This is a picture of being horribly defeated in battle. AT: "It if as if our enemies defeated us in battle and drove their chariots over our fallen bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a picture of being horribly defeated in battle. AT: "It is as if our enemies defeated us in battle and then drove their chariots over our fallen bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## went through fire and water ## +# went through fire and water God tested them with natural disasters like fires and floods. AT: "we suffered like people who suffer from fires and floods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## spacious place ## +# spacious place -AT: "safe place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of the blessings that the people of Israel now have as if they had been brought into a wide open space where they are safe. AT: "open place where we are safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/013.md b/psa/066/013.md index 6194d152e3..5983ca85c2 100644 --- a/psa/066/013.md +++ b/psa/066/013.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## which my lips promised and my mouth spoke ## +# which my lips promised and my mouth spoke -AT: "which I promised and spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "lips" and "mouth" refer to the words of promise that were spoken. AT: "which I promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## aroma of rams ## +# aroma of rams -AT: "smell of the smoke of sacrificed rams" \ No newline at end of file +"smell of the smoke of sacrificed rams" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/016.md b/psa/066/016.md index 3c058ac104..ba734ff7d2 100644 --- a/psa/066/016.md +++ b/psa/066/016.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## he was praised with my tongue ## +# I will declare what he has done for my soul -AT: "I praised him with my tongue" or "I praised him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "soul" represents the whole person. AT: "I will tell you what he has done for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## seen sin ## +# I cried to him with my mouth -"loved iniquity" or "held iniquity" or "found wicked, sinful things" +The word "mouth" represents the whole person who cries out to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## will not hear ## +# he was praised with my tongue -AT: "will not hear me call out to him" or "he will not hear my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "tongue" represents words or speech. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I praised him with my tongue" or "I praised him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# seen sin + +"loved sin" or "held iniquity" + +# would not have listened to me + +Here "would not have listened" implies that God would not have answered his prayer. This can be made clear in the translation. AT: "would not have heard me call out to him" or "he would not have answered my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/019.md b/psa/066/019.md index ca93cd5fcb..f91fe24963 100644 --- a/psa/066/019.md +++ b/psa/066/019.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## But God has truly heard; he has paid attention ... ## +# But God has truly heard; he has paid attention -These two phrase have similar meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "But God has truly heard me and paid attention to the voice of my prayer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two clauses have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize that God has heard his prayer. AT: "But God has truly heard my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the voice of my prayer ## +# the voice of my prayer -Here the author's prayer is given the quality of having a voice. AT: "my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here the author's prayer is given the personal quality of having a voice. AT: "my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## or his covenant faithfulness from me ## +# or his covenant faithfulness from me -AT: "or turned his covenant faithfulness away from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +The implied words can be added to the translation. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "or turned his covenant faithfulness away from me" or "or stopped being faithful to his covenant with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/066/intro.md b/psa/066/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f741a3a809 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/066/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 066 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 66 is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh saves ##### +Just as God brought Israel through the wilderness, he took the author through hard times but saved him. The author will worship God by sacrificing animals to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 66:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../065/intro.md) | [>>](../067/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/067/001.md b/psa/067/001.md index e308282323..a65526ab31 100644 --- a/psa/067/001.md +++ b/psa/067/001.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## For the chief musician; ## +# General Information: -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## on stringed instruments ## +# For the chief musician -“people should play stringed instruments with this song.” +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -## shine ## +# on stringed instruments -Besides reflecting light on an object, it can indicate a response of approval or pleasant actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"people should play stringed instruments with this song" -## your ways may be known on earth ## +# cause his face to shine on us -AT: "people may know your ways on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh's face shone a light on them. AT: "act favorably towards us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your ways may be known on earth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people may know your ways on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your salvation among all nations + +The writer desires for everyone to know that God has the power to save them. This can be made clear in the translation. AT: "and the people of all nations may know that you have the power to save them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/067/003.md b/psa/067/003.md index 03f9a29f38..3ac73793f1 100644 --- a/psa/067/003.md +++ b/psa/067/003.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Let the peoples praise you ... let all the peoples praise you + +The second clause intensifies the meaning of the first to emphasize the importance of praising God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# let the nations ... govern the nations + +Here "nations" represents the people who live in all the nations on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with justice + +"fairly" or "justly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/067/005.md b/psa/067/005.md index 03f9a29f38..1eb7e9340b 100644 --- a/psa/067/005.md +++ b/psa/067/005.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Let the peoples praise you ... let all the peoples praise you + +The second clause intensifies the meaning of the first to emphasize how important it is to praise God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# The earth has yielded its harvest + +Here the writer speaks of "the earth" as if it has chosen to provide a harvest to the people. AT: "We have reaped a bountiful harvest from our crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/067/007.md b/psa/067/007.md index c30fd9b865..c98db6ad26 100644 --- a/psa/067/007.md +++ b/psa/067/007.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## all the ends of the earth honor him ## +# all the ends of the earth honor him -AT: "all people everywhere on the earth" UDB (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that people everywhere should honor God because of his blessings. AT: "I desire that all people everywhere on the earth may have an awesome respect for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/067/intro.md b/psa/067/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..188837600a --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/067/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 067 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 67 is a worship psalm. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Praise ##### +People all over the world should be praising God. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 67:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../066/intro.md) | [>>](../068/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/001.md b/psa/068/001.md index eb328bf17c..9f9a129f06 100644 --- a/psa/068/001.md +++ b/psa/068/001.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## For the chief musician; ## +# General Information: -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## A psalm of David, a song ## +# For the chief musician -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -## let his enemies be scattered ## +# A psalm of David -AT: "Let God cause his enemies to go in different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## As smoke is driven away ## +# Let God arise -AT: "As wind drives away smoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +God beginning to act is spoke of as if he stands up. AT: "Let God begin to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let his enemies be scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "let God chase away his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# As smoke is driven away, so drive them away + +God's enemies are spoken of as if they are smoke that is easily blown away by the wind. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Drive them away as the wind blows away smoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# as wax melts before the fire + +God's enemies are spoken of as if they are wax that is easily melted by a fire. AT: "cause them to disappear as wax melts before a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the wicked + +This refers to the wicked people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the righteous + +This refers to the righteous people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# rejoice and be happy + +These means the same thing and emphasizes the amount of joy they feel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/004.md b/psa/068/004.md index 69a8e004ae..e5533a4264 100644 --- a/psa/068/004.md +++ b/psa/068/004.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## make a highway…valley ## +# to his name -AT: "Be glad in His power to move among us". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to God. AT: "to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a father of the fatherless ## +# the one who rides through the plains -AT: "God acts like a father to children who have no parents". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God's presence among people is spoken of as if he rides on the earth in a horse or chariot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a judge of the widows ## +# A father of the fatherless -AT: "God protects widows." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God is spoken of as a compassionate God who acts like a father to orphans. AT: "One who acts like a father to children who have no parents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the lonely into families ## +# a judge of the widows -AT: "Even when we have no earthly family, God treats us as family members." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God is spoken of as a merciful God who protects widows. AT: "a protector of widows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he brings out the prisoners with singing ## +# God puts the lonely into families -AT: "God frees prisoners to be successful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God is spoken of as if he places lonely people into families. "God provides families for those who have no one to live with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## rebellious live in a parched land ## +# he brings out the prisoners with singing -Those who rebel against God are alone, without family, and unprotected. They are prisoners of their sins, and have no resources to get out of their condition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +God is spoken of as the one who leads prisoners out of their confinement. AT: "God frees prisoners and makes them sing with happiness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the rebellious + +This nominal adjective refers to rebellious people and can be translated with either an adjective or a noun. AT: "rebellious people" or "people who rebel against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# a parched land + +God's punishment of the rebellious is spoken of as if he forces them to live in a hot desert land. AT: "a very hot and dry land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/007.md b/psa/068/007.md index c7554fb3f6..a85114278e 100644 --- a/psa/068/007.md +++ b/psa/068/007.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -David begins to tell the story of God leading the Children of Israel through the desert to Mt. Sinai. +# General Information: -## you went out before your people ## +David begins to tell the story of God leading the Israelites through the desert to Mt. Sinai. -AT: " you led your people." +# when you went out ... when you marched through -## the heavens also dropped rain … God's presence ## +These two phrases refer to the same event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "God caused it to rain." +# you went out before your people -## in the presence of God….the God of Israel ## +"you led your people" -AT: "When God blessed and revealed himself to his people, the descendants of Israel, when they arrived at Mt. Sinai. \ No newline at end of file +# when you marched through the wilderness + +God is spoken of as if he was a soldier marching ahead of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the heavens also dropped rain ... God's presence + +"God caused it to rain" + +# in the presence of God + +This idiom here refers to God's appearance before the Israelites. AT: "when God appeared to the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/009.md b/psa/068/009.md index cc339a58f3..6ad293a59f 100644 --- a/psa/068/009.md +++ b/psa/068/009.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## you strengthened your inheritance ## +# you strengthened your inheritance when it was weary -"you enabled good crops to grow again on that land that you gave to us Israelites." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The land of Israel is spoken of as if it was a person who could be weary, or could gain strength. AT: "you caused the land to produce good crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your inheritance + +The land that God gave to the Israelites is spoken of as if it was an inheritance that a father passed on to his children. AT: "the land that you gave to us Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the poor + +This refers to poor people in general. AT: "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/011.md b/psa/068/011.md index 3d1f7f4860..78bdec3331 100644 --- a/psa/068/011.md +++ b/psa/068/011.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + David continues the story of the journey of the Israelites through the desert. In this part of the story, the Israelites are victorious in war over their enemies. -## those who announced them...army ## +# those who announced them ... army -Many people heard and obeyed the Lord's commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The large number of people told the Lord's message to others. They are spoken of as if there were a large army. Since this phrase is feminine, some versions translate it as, "the women who announced them ... army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Kings of armies flee, they flee ## +# Kings of armies ... why did you do this? -The enemies of God's people were defeated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The information in [Psalms 68:12-13](./011.md) has been rearranged so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -## plunder ## +# Kings of armies flee, they flee + +The kings represent themselves and their entire armies. It is understood that they flee because they are defeated by Israel's army. AT: "Kings and their armies flee from us because they are defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# plunder things that are taken from the defeated army and brought to the victorious army's home. -## doves covered with silver...gold ## +# doves covered with silver ... gold -This means that some of the plunder is very valuable because it is covered with precious metals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This means that some of the plunder is very valuable because it is covered with precious metals. -## When some of you people stayed among the sheepfolds, why did you do this? ## +# When some of you people stayed among the sheepfolds, why did you do this? -AT: "Those who stayed among the sheepfolds should not have stayed; they should have gone to the battle." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This question is used to rebuke the people who did not participate in the battle. AT: "Those who stayed among the sheepfolds should not have stayed; they should have gone to the battle." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/014.md b/psa/068/014.md index 4b9b4cef9a..5361bf0e92 100644 --- a/psa/068/014.md +++ b/psa/068/014.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## scattered kings there..snowed on Mount Zalmon ## +# scattered kings there ... snowed on Mount Zalmon -"There were so many defeated enemy kings and soldiers there that it was like snowflakes covering Mount Zalmon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +There were so many dead kings and soldiers on the mountain that they are spoken of as if they were snow covering the mountain. AT: "defeated so many enemy kings and soldiers there that they were like snowflakes covering Mount Zalmon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Mount Zalmon ## +# scattered kings + +Here "kings" refers to their armies as well. AT: "scattered the enemy kings and their armies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Mount Zalmon This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## A mighty mountain is the ... a high mountain is the ... ## +# A mighty mountain is the ... a high mountain is the These two phrase have similar meanings and are used together to strengthen each other. AT: "a mighty and high mountain is the hill country of Bashan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Why do you look in envy, ... for the place he will live? ## +# Why do you look in envy ... for the place he will live? This question can be written as a statement. AT: "The high hill country of Bashan should not look in envy at the mountain which God desires for the place he will live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/017.md b/psa/068/017.md index 47fd918df3..8216ed07ad 100644 --- a/psa/068/017.md +++ b/psa/068/017.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## twenty thousands ## +# twenty thousand, thousands upon thousands -20,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +This is probably not meant to be an exact number, but to indicate a large number. AT: "many thousands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## ascend ## +# ascended -to move up, to go toward the sky \ No newline at end of file +To "ascend" is to to move up, to go toward the sky. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/019.md b/psa/068/019.md index aebead66a8..2e6e9a9356 100644 --- a/psa/068/019.md +++ b/psa/068/019.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## will strike through the heads of his enemies ## +# daily bears our burdens -This means that God will kill them. AT: 'will strike the head of his enemies, killing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"carries our heavy loads every day." The Lord's care for his people is spoken of as if he was physically carrying their troubles as a burden. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## through the hairy scalps ## +# the God who is our salvation ... Our God is a God who saves -It seems to have been the custom for soldiers not to cut their hair during the time of war. AT: "he will strike the hairy scalps of those people who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +These phrases mean the same thing. Here "is our salvation" can be translated with the verb "save." AT: "the God who saves us ... Our God is a God who saves us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## of those who walk in offenses against him ## +# will strike through the heads of his enemies -AT: "of those who habitually offend him" \ No newline at end of file +God is spoken of as a warrior who will kill his enemies by striking them in their heads in order to kill them. AT: "will kill his enemies by striking them in the head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the hairy scalps + +It seems to have been the custom for soldiers not to cut their hair during the time of war. AT: "the long-haired skulls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# walk in offenses against him + +Offending God is spoken of as walking among the offenses. AT: "habitually offend him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/022.md b/psa/068/022.md index e14cf0824f..b18b373c08 100644 --- a/psa/068/022.md +++ b/psa/068/022.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## I will bring them back ## +# I will bring them back The word "them" refers to God's enemies. -## so that you may crush your enemies, dipping your foot in blood, ## +# the depths of the sea -This describe the battle where their enemies are completely defeated. In a great battle like this, there is a lot of blood. Here it speaks of them stepping in that blood. AT: "so that you will totally defeat your enemies, stepping in their blood," \ No newline at end of file +This speaks of the most remote parts of the earth where people might try to escape from God as if they were the depths of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# crush your enemies + +The total destruction of Israel's enemies is spoken of as if the Israelites had crushed them under their feet. AT: "totally defeat your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dipping your foot in blood + +The violence of from the destruction of the enemies is spoke of in very graphic form, as if the Israelites would be standing in the blood of their dead enemies. AT: "stepping in their blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the tongues of your dogs may have their share + +The bloodshed from the battle against Israel's enemies is spoken of as if it is so extensive that the dogs will lap up the flowing blood with their tongues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/024.md b/psa/068/024.md index e9acc06054..08bc625240 100644 --- a/psa/068/024.md +++ b/psa/068/024.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## procession ## +# processions -a group of people walking together in an orderly manner as part of a ceremony +A procession is a group of people walking together in an orderly manner as part of a ceremony. -## minstrels ## +# minstrels people who play musical instruments \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/026.md b/psa/068/026.md index 79dbf4e524..8b732d50a2 100644 --- a/psa/068/026.md +++ b/psa/068/026.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Bless God in the assembly; praise Yahweh, you true descendants of Israel. ## +# Bless God in the assembly; praise Yahweh, you true descendants of Israel -AT: "You who are the true descendants of Israel, praise Yahweh, and bless God in the assembly" +It may be helpful to change the order of these phrases. AT: "You who are the true descendants of Israel, praise Yahweh and bless God in the assembly" -## their multitudes ## +# their multitudes -This can be translated "their council" or "their group". The word "their" refers to the leaders of Judah. \ No newline at end of file +"their group." The word "their" refers to the leaders of Judah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/028.md b/psa/068/028.md index e8d5023125..f18edd147c 100644 --- a/psa/068/028.md +++ b/psa/068/028.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Your God, Israel, has decreed your strength ## +# Your God, Israel, has decreed your strength -Some versions understand the Hebrew text differently: "Summon (or use) your strength, God." +Some versions understand the Hebrew text differently: "Summon your strength, God" or "Use your strength, God" -## to us ## +# Your God, Israel, has decreed -The word "us" refers to the people David is speaking to and to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +"People of Israel, your God has decreed" -## Reveal your power to us from your temple at Jerusalem ## +# to us ... to us -AT: "As you are present in your temple in Jerusalem, send out your power to help us." \ No newline at end of file +The word "us" refers to the writer and the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh, to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# Reveal your power to us from your temple at Jerusalem + +"When you are present in the temple at Jerusalem, show us your power" + +# Reveal your power + +The abstract noun "power" can be stated as "strong." AT: "Show us that you are strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/030.md b/psa/068/030.md index 6d215efcaf..b70f0315a0 100644 --- a/psa/068/030.md +++ b/psa/068/030.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Shout in battle against the wild beasts in the reeds ## +# the wild beasts in the reeds -AT: "God, shout in battle aganist the people who are like the wild beasts in the reeds" +Many scholars believe these wild beasts are a metaphor that refers to the people of Egypt. This can be made explicit. AT: "the people of Egypt who are like wild beasts in the reeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## scatter ## +# the peoples, that multitude of bulls and calves -to disperse or to cause something to spread quickly in different direction \ No newline at end of file +The peoples of other nations are spoken of as if they were a large group of cattle. AT: "the powerful nations, who are like herds of bulls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# scatter + +to disperse or to cause something to spread quickly in different direction + +# Princes will come out of Egypt + +It is implied that these princes come from Egypt in order to offer gifts to God in Jerusalem. AT: "Then the leaders of Egypt will bring gifts to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Cush + +This refers to the people of Cush. AT: "The Cushites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# reach out with her hands to God + +This is a symbolic action that represents worship to God. AT: "lift up her hands to praise God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/032.md b/psa/068/032.md index f3f57c7bc1..898fabe63d 100644 --- a/psa/068/032.md +++ b/psa/068/032.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## To him who rides on the heaven of heavens, which exist from ancient times ## +# you kingdoms of the earth -AT: "To him who soars high through the sky" or "Sing to God. He rides on the clouds like they are his chariot through the heavens, the heavens which exist from ancient times" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "kingdoms" refers to the citizens of the kingdoms. AT: "you people who are citizens of kingdoms all over the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## He lifts up his voice ## +# To him who rides on the heaven of heavens -AT: "He shouts" or "He speaks loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "Sing" is implied as the beginning of this verse. Here God is described as if he rides in a chariot in the sky. AT: "Sing to God who rides across the sky in his chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he lifts up his voice with power + +This idiom means he speaks powerfully. AT: "he shouts powerfully" or "he speaks loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/034.md b/psa/068/034.md index f1b60b8f3c..024386648c 100644 --- a/psa/068/034.md +++ b/psa/068/034.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Ascribe strength to God; ## +# Ascribe strength to God "Ascribe" means to give credit to someone. AT: "Strength belongs to God" -## God, you are fearsome in your holy place; ## +# his strength is in the skies -Here the author speaks directly to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as "powerful." AT: "in the skies he also shows that he is powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# God, you are fearsome in your holy place + +Here the author speaks directly to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# strength and power + +These two words mean basically these same thing. They emphasize how much strength God provides to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/068/intro.md b/psa/068/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2ac93829cc --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/068/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 068 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 68 is a worship psalm. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's greatness ##### +God is exceedingly great. He takes care of the weak and helpless. He is glorious in his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +##### No Common Theme ##### +Scholars have found this psalm the most difficult to interpret. There does not appear to be any unity to this psalm. +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 68:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../067/intro.md) | [>>](../069/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/001.md b/psa/069/001.md index e1c4fcd468..16a46b017f 100644 --- a/psa/069/001.md +++ b/psa/069/001.md @@ -1,26 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# General Information: + This psalm is a prayer for help. -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## For the chief musician; ## +# For the chief musician -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -## set to Shoshannim ## +# set to Shoshannim This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 45:1](../045/001.md). -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## for the waters have put my life in danger ## +# for the waters have put my life in danger -AT: "for it feels like I'm drowning in the waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer describes the troubles in his life as if he were drowning in a flood of water. AT: "for it feels like I am drowning in the waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## mire ## +# I sink in deep mire + +The writer describes the troubles in his life as if he were sinking in deep mud. AT: "For it feels like I am sinking in deep mud and will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# mire thick mud -## I have come into deep waters, where the floods flow over me ## +# there is no place to stand -This phrase is another way of saying that he feels hopeless and his problems appear to drown him. AT: "It feels like I am in deep waters, and the floodwaters flow over me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer uses a negative statement to stress how unstable and uncertain his condition is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# I have come into deep waters, where the floods flow over me + +The writer describes his problems as if he was drowning in a deep, raging river. AT: "t feels like I am in deep waters, and the floodwaters flow over me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/003.md b/psa/069/003.md index ad5cbe0c99..6e1c12d830 100644 --- a/psa/069/003.md +++ b/psa/069/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## weary ## +# weary very tired -## my eyes fail ## +# my eyes fail -AT: "I struggle to keep my eyes open" +This idiom means the writer has cried so much that his eyes do not see well any longer. AT: "my eyes are swollen from tears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## are more than the hairs on my head ## +# more than the hairs on my head -AT: "are more than I can count, like the hairs on my head" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is an exaggeration to express how many enemies the writer has. AT: "more than I can count, like the hairs on my head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## those who would cut me off, being my enemies for wrong reasons, are mighty; ## +# cut me off -"those who want to cut me off are strong; they are my enemies for wrong reasons." \ No newline at end of file +This idiom means "kill me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/005.md b/psa/069/005.md index d2ecc79061..d5d419ad81 100644 --- a/psa/069/005.md +++ b/psa/069/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## know my foolishness ## +# my foolishness -AT: "know how I have acted foolish" +The abstract noun "foolishness" can be stated as "foolish." AT: "the foolish things that I have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Let not those ## +# my sins are not hidden from you + +This can be expressed as a positive statement. AT: "you know all my sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# those who wait for you be put to shame ... those who seek you be brought to dishonor + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the writer's desire to have God protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Let not those who wait for you be put to shame because of me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Please do not put to shame because of me those who wait for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let not those "Do not let those" -## let not those who seek you ## +# let not those who seek you be brought to dishonor because of me -AT: "Do not let those who follow and worship you" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Please do not bring dishonor because of me on those who seek you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who seek you + +Seeking God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. AT: 1) "those who ask you for help" or 2) "those who worship and obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/007.md b/psa/069/007.md index beae37dce9..43d9300315 100644 --- a/psa/069/007.md +++ b/psa/069/007.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## For your sake ## +# For your sake "On your behalf" or "For you" -## I have borne rebuke ## +# I have borne rebuke -AT: "I have received rebuke" or "People have rebuked me" +The rebukes of the writer's enemies are spoken of as if they are a heavy load that he has had to carry. AT: "I have endured the insults of my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## shame has covered my face ## +# shame has covered my face -AT: "I feel the heat in my face from my shame" or "I have felt very ashamed" +The writer speaks of the shame that he feels as if it is a foul thing on his face that everyone can clearly see. AT: "I am thoroughly humiliated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## an alien ... ## +# I have become a stranger to my brothers -AT: "I have become an alien ..." or "I have become like a foreigner ..." +The writer speaks of himself as if he were not part of his own family. AT: "My brothers no longer know or accept me at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the zeal of your house has eaten me up ## +# a stranger to my brothers ... an alien to my mother's children -AT: "the zeal I have for your house consumes me" or "I am filled up by the zeal I have for your house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean the same thing. They are repeated to stress his separation from his own family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# an alien to my mother's children + +It is implied that "I have become" should be understood here. The writer speaks of himself as if he were not part of his own family. AT: "my brothers no longer know or trust me at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the zeal of your house has eaten me up + +The writer speaks of his zeal for God's temple as if it was a wild animal that devours the writer. AT: "the zeal I have for your house consumes me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# has eaten me up + +This idiom means that the writer's zeal for the temple takes over all of his thoughts and actions. AT: "completely controls all that I think and do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the rebukes ... have fallen on me + +The writer speaks of the rebukes of Gods' enemies as if they were rocks that were thrown at the writer. AT: "those who rebuke you have also thrown their rebukes at me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/010.md b/psa/069/010.md index e2ef2b5013..53ccb8bb28 100644 --- a/psa/069/010.md +++ b/psa/069/010.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## they insulted me ## +# I wept and did not eat food -AT: "my enemies rebuked me because of it" +The fact that the writer was fasting indicates that he was sad about the way people treated God's temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I became the object of a proverb to them ## +# they insulted me -AT: "I became the example of a sad person spoken of in their proverbs" \ No newline at end of file +"my enemies rebuked me because of it" + +# I made sackcloth my clothing + +Wearing rough, cheap clothing was a symbol of mourning over sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# I became the object of a proverb + +The writer speak of himself as if he was the sad or foolish person in a proverb. AT: "I became the example of a sad person spoken of in their proverbs" or "they laugh at me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Those who sit in the city gate + +Here "city gate" is associated with leadership of a town. AT: "The important people of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am a song of drunkards + +The writer speaks of himself as if he was the person about whom the drunkards sing mocking songs. AT: "the drunkards of the city sing disgusting songs about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/013.md b/psa/069/013.md index 69c74fd482..e1ccdab99d 100644 --- a/psa/069/013.md +++ b/psa/069/013.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## at a time that you will accept ## +# at a time that you will accept -AT: "hear my prayer in your accepted time" or "hear my prayer when you are willing" +"in your accepted time" or "when you are willing" -## let me be taken away ## +# answer me in the trustworthiness of your salvation -"take me away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The abstract nouns "trustworthiness" and "salvation" can be stated as "faithfully" and "rescue." AT: "rescue me because you faithfully love me, as you have promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## and rescued out ## +# Pull me out ... do not let me sink -"Let me be rescued" or "rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## overwhelm ## +# Pull me out of the mire, and do not let me sink -cover me completely +The writer speaks of his danger from his enemies as if he was sinking into a pit of mud. "Do not allow me to sink anymore in the mud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## neither let the deep ## +# let me be taken away -Here the phrase "the deep" can be translated as either referring to "the deep water" or "the deep mire". +Here "take away" refers to being removed from danger. This can be stated in active form. AT: "take me away" or "rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Do not let the pit shut its mouth on me ## +# rescued out -Here the "pit" is compare to having a mouth like a person and swallowing David. AT: "Do not let the pit consume me" or "Do not let the pit of death close over me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is understood that "let me be" is implied here. It can be stated in active form. AT: "please rescue me out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the deep water ... the floods of water ... the deep + +These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# rescued out of the deep waters + +The writer speaks about his danger from his enemies as if he was drowning in deep water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the floods of water overwhelm me + +The writer speaks about his danger from his enemies as if flood waters were covering him completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the deep swallow me up + +The writer speaks of the deep as if it was a deadly animal that was about to eat him. AT: "the deep waters swallow me up like a dangerous animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not let the pit shut its mouth on me + +Here the "pit" is spoken of as if it has a mouth like a person and could eat the writer. AT: "Do not let the pit consume me" or "Do not let the pit of death close over me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/016.md b/psa/069/016.md index 7b0c77f1ea..2efb1ad0b7 100644 --- a/psa/069/016.md +++ b/psa/069/016.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## because your mercies for me are many ## +# your covenant faithfulness is good -AT: "because you are very merciful to me" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "you are good and faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## turn to me ## +# your mercies for me are many + +"you are very merciful to me" + +# turn to me The idea of turning towards someone means to pay attention to them or help them. AT: "help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my distress ## +# Do not hide your face from your servant -See how you translated this in [Psalms 25:17](../025/017.md) \ No newline at end of file +To hide one's face means to refuse to hear or help someone. AT: "Please help your servant" or "Please help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in distress + +"in great trouble" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/018.md b/psa/069/018.md index 4fb9cdb0e4..4225a92ae9 100644 --- a/psa/069/018.md +++ b/psa/069/018.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## my rebuke, my shame, and my dishonor ## +# redeem me -AT: "how people have rebuke me, shame me, and dishonor me" \ No newline at end of file +The writer asks God to redeem him as if the writer were a slave whose freedom God could purchase. AT: "free me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# ransom me + +The writer asks God to ransom him as if the writer were a captive whose release could be paid for with money. AT: "rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my rebuke, my shame, and my dishonor + +These abstract nouns can be stated as actions. AT: "how people have rebuked me, shamed me, and dishonored me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my adversaries are all before you + +Here "before you" means that God sees and knows all about them. AT: "you know who all my enemies are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/020.md b/psa/069/020.md index 1a976b4f33..d579847163 100644 --- a/psa/069/020.md +++ b/psa/069/020.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## broken my heart ## +# broken my heart -AT: "hurt me deeply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom means a person is extremely sad. AT: "offended me deeply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I am full of heaviness ## +# I am full of heaviness -AT: "I am heavy with sorrow" +The writer's great sadness is spoken of as if he was full of a heavy weight. AT: "I am heavy with sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to take pity ## +# to take pity -to feel sorrow or sadness \ No newline at end of file +to feel sorrow or sadness + +# They gave me poison for my food + +This is probably figurative. The food that people gave to the writer was so bad that it tasted like poison. AT: "They gave me food that tasted like poison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/022.md b/psa/069/022.md index 3a24f6b365..71b817a323 100644 --- a/psa/069/022.md +++ b/psa/069/022.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## their loins ## +# Let their table before them become a snare ... let it become a trap -"their sides" \ No newline at end of file +The writer would like for his enemies' food to completely ruin them as if they were small animals caught in a snare or a trap. AT: "May their food ruin them like a snare ... may it destroy them like a trap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their table + +This refers to food that was served on the tables, possibly at a feast. AT: "their own food" or "sacrificial feasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let their eyes be darkened + +The writer speaks of eyes that cannot see well as if they were darkened. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Please make them unable to see anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# make their loins shake + +Weak backs are spoken of as if they are shaking in weakness. AT: "cause their backs to be too weak for them to do anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their loins + +"their sides" or "their backs" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/024.md b/psa/069/024.md index dd587bf270..d6b542ff59 100644 --- a/psa/069/024.md +++ b/psa/069/024.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## indignation ## +# Pour out your indignation on them + +God's demonstration of his anger is described as if he poured it out on his enemies like water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# indignation "rage" or "anger" -## the fierceness of your anger ## +# the fierceness of your anger -AT: "your burning anger" or "your strong anger" \ No newline at end of file +"your burning anger" or "your strong anger" + +# overtake them + +God's judgment on his enemies is described as if he ran after them and caught them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# be a desolation + +This abstract noun can be stated as "abandoned." AT: "become abandoned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/026.md b/psa/069/026.md index 204861805e..808e73a87a 100644 --- a/psa/069/026.md +++ b/psa/069/026.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## they persecute him ## +# they persecuted the one -AT: "they persecute the man" +"they persecuted the man" -## smitten ## +# you struck down -to have been struck with hard blows or punished +Here to be "struck down" refers to punishment. AT: "you punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Accuse them of having committed iniquity after iniquity; ## +# those you have wounded -This may also be translated: "Add iniquity to their iniquity" +Here to be "wounded" refers to causing them to suffer. AT: "those you have caused to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## iniquity after iniquity ## +# Accuse them of having committed iniquity after iniquity -AT: "much iniquity" +"Keep making a record of all their sins" -## come into your righteous victory ## +# iniquity after iniquity -AT: "receive your righteous reward" \ No newline at end of file +"very many sins" + +# do not let them come into your righteous victory + +To come into God's victory is an idiom that means to receive a reward from him. AT: "do not let them receive your righteous reward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/028.md b/psa/069/028.md index d502c10136..2f18a5b944 100644 --- a/psa/069/028.md +++ b/psa/069/028.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Let them be blotted out ## +# Let them be blotted out of -AT: "Blot them out" or "Wipe their names out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "them" refers to the names of the enemies. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Wipe out their names in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and not be written down ## +# not be written down -AT: " and let them not be written down" or "and do not write their names down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +It is inferred that "let them" is understood. This can be stated in active form. AT: "do not write down their names" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## let your salvation, God, set me up on high. ## +# let your salvation, God, set me up on high -AT: "God, by the salvation you give me, set me up on high" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated with the verb "save." Here "on high" refers to a place of safety." AT: "God, save me and put me in a safe place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/030.md b/psa/069/030.md index 50738e2686..a5a88ced04 100644 --- a/psa/069/030.md +++ b/psa/069/030.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the name of God ## +# the name of God -This refers to God, by saying his "name". AT: "God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "name" refers to God himself. AT: "God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## better than an ox or a bull ## +# with thanksgiving -AT: "better than sacrificing an ox or sacrificing a bull" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This abstract noun can be stated with the verb "thank." AT: "by thanking him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# better than an ox or a bull + +It is understood that the ox and the bull are to be offered to God as sacrifices. AT: "better than sacrificing an ox or sacrificing a bull" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a bull that has horns and hooves + +This phrase distinguishes the full grown bulls from other younger cows. AT: "a bull that is full grown with horns and hooves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/032.md b/psa/069/032.md index a0bea2f52d..728808e08c 100644 --- a/psa/069/032.md +++ b/psa/069/032.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## The meek ## +# The meek -AT: "Meek people" +This refers to meek people in general. AT: "Meek people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## let your hearts live ## +# you who seek after God -"let your heart be revived" or "may your hearts be full of life" \ No newline at end of file +Seeking God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. AT: "you who ask God for help" or "you who think about God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let your hearts live + +Here "hearts" refer to the people. Here "live" is an idiom that means to be encouraged. AT: "may you be encouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +# Yahweh hears + +Here "hears" means to respond. AT: "Yahweh answers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the needy + +This refers to needy people in general. AT: "needy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# his prisoners + +"those who have suffered for him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/034.md b/psa/069/034.md index 8cc268def5..ba1a757d07 100644 --- a/psa/069/034.md +++ b/psa/069/034.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## have it as a possession ## +# Let heaven and earth praise him ... the seas -The word "it" refers to the land of Judah. \ No newline at end of file +Here heaven and earth and the seas are spoken of as if they are people who are able to praise God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the seas and everything that moves in them + +It is implied that "Let ... praise him" should be understood here. AT: "let he seas and everything that moves in them praise him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# God will save Zion + +Here "Zion" refers to the people in Zion. AT: "God will save the people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# have it as a possession + +The word "it" refers to the land of Judah. + +# who love his name + +Here "name" refers to God himself. AT: "who love God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/069/intro.md b/psa/069/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..041bafd92c --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/069/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 069 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 69 is a psalm of deliverance. The author prays to be saved from his enemies and for them to be punished. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Deliverance ##### +The author prays for God to rescue him from his enemies. They show him no mercy, and he asks God to show them no mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 69:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../068/intro.md) | [>>](../070/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/070/001.md b/psa/070/001.md index 690a44a341..ecb4c9602b 100644 --- a/psa/070/001.md +++ b/psa/070/001.md @@ -1,37 +1,39 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship." +# For the chief musician -## A psalm of David, ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -“This is a psalm that David wrote,” +# A psalm of David -## to bring to remembrance ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -"this psalm was written to cause people to remember." +# to bring to remembrance -## confounded ## +"this psalm was written to cause people to remember" -"surprised and confused" +# those who -## those who ... ## +"the people who" -"the people who ..." +# take my life -## seek after my soul ## +This idiom means "kill me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "seek after my life" or "are trying to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +# be ashamed and humiliated -## be ashamed and humiliated ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may God put them to shame and bring disgrace upon them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "may God put them to shame and bring disgrace upon them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# let them be turned back and brought to dishonor -## let them be turned back and brought to dishonor ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may God turn them around and make them ashamed for what they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "may they turn around and find shame for what they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# turned back -## ​those who say, "Aha, aha" ## +To be stopped or thwarted is spoken of as being turned back from their attack. AT: "stopped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who say, "Aha, aha" This is an expression of mocking laughter. You may replace "Aha, aha" with whatever laughing sounds like in your language. AT: "those who mock and laugh at me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/070/004.md b/psa/070/004.md index a65742a0f7..a2980039ae 100644 --- a/psa/070/004.md +++ b/psa/070/004.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## rejoice and be glad ## +# seek you -These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Seeking God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. AT: "ask you for help" or "think about you and obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## May God be praised ## +# rejoice and be glad -AT: "Praise God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. AT: "rejoice greatly" or "be very glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## poor and needy ## +# love your salvation -These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "poor and in need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as an action. AT: "love you because you saved them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## my help and you rescue me ## +# always say -These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +This exaggeration emphasizes that it is important to praise God often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# May God be praised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let everyone praise God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# poor and needy + +Here the words "poor" and "needy" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is unable to help himself. AT: "very needy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# hurry to me + +The writer speaks of God as if he is running to the writer in order to help him. AT: "come quickly to help me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you are my help and you rescue me + +Here the phrase "you rescue me" explains how God is his "help." AT: "you help me by rescuing me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# do not delay + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "please come quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/070/intro.md b/psa/070/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc802a40b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/070/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 070 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 70 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist asks God to deliver him from his enemies. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Help ##### +The author needs help and needs it immediately. + +##### Psalm 40 ##### +This psalm is an almost exact duplicate of Psalm 40:13-17. +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 70:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../069/intro.md) | [>>](../071/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/001.md b/psa/071/001.md index fd1cb13aba..402a3da653 100644 --- a/psa/071/001.md +++ b/psa/071/001.md @@ -1,2 +1,43 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -This psalm is a prayer for help. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# General Information: + +This psalm is a prayer for help. + +# In you, Yahweh, I take refuge + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you, Yahweh, for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# let me never be put to shame + +This can be stated in active form. See how "do not let me be humiliated" is translated in [Psalms 25:2](../025/001.md). AT: "never let my enemies put me to shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# make me safe in your righteousness + +Possible meanings are 1) "make me safe because you always do what is right" or 2) "make me safe as I do what you want me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# turn your ear to me + +Here "your ear" refers to God's willingness to hear someone who prays to him. See how this is translated in [Psalms 17:6](../017/006.md). AT: "pay attention to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Be to me a rock for refuge + +The psalmist requests that Yahweh make him as safe as he would be if he were hiding in a large rock or cliff where his enemies could not find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# rock ... rock + +These are hills or mountains, not rocks one can hold in one's hand. + +# you have given a command + +"you have commanded your angels" + +# save me + +"keep me safe" + +# you are my rock and my fortress + +The psalmist believes that Yahweh will protect him and make him as safe as if he were hiding on top of a large mountain or inside a man-made fortress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/004.md b/psa/071/004.md index 335a26582b..9bd56a092e 100644 --- a/psa/071/004.md +++ b/psa/071/004.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## out of the hand of the unrighteous ## +# out of the hand of the wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous -AT: "rescue me out of the hand of the unrighteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the word "hand" is a metonym for power. AT: "from the power of the wicked, from the power of the unrighteous" or 2) "hand" refers to the person himself. AT: "from wicked people, from unrighteous ... people" or "so that wicked people and unrighteous ... people cannot harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous + +"wicked; rescue me out of the hand of the unrighteous." You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# wicked ... unrighteous ... cruel + +These adjectives can be translated as noun phrases. AT: "wicked people ... unrighteous people ... cruel people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# you are my hope + +Here "hope" is a metonym for the one in whom the psalmist hopes. AT: "you are the one whom I confidently expect to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/006.md b/psa/071/006.md index 9c686c09f3..dd41103f19 100644 --- a/psa/071/006.md +++ b/psa/071/006.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## By you I have been supported from the womb ## +# By you I have been supported from the womb -AT: “You have supported me from the womb” or "You have taken care of me ever since I came out of my mother's womb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You have supported me from the womb" or "You have taken care of me ever since I came out of my mother's womb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## you are he who ## +# you are he -AT: "you" +"you are the one" -## I am an example to many people ## +# I am an example to many people -This may also be translated, "I have become a wonder to many people". \ No newline at end of file +"Many people see how I live and want to live as I do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/008.md b/psa/071/008.md index 1a0aecb8e8..a43fe6d9a9 100644 --- a/psa/071/008.md +++ b/psa/071/008.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## My mouth will be filled with your praise and with your honor ## +# My mouth will be filled with your praise ... with your honor -AT: "I speak about your praise and your honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The psalmist speaks of his desire to praise and honor Yahweh with the words he speaks as if his mouth were full of words the way it can be full of food. AT: "My mouth will be filled with words that praise you ... that honor you" or "I will always praise you ... will always honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## all the day ## +# your praise -"all day long" +Here "praise" refer to the words that he will use to praise Yahweh. AT: "words that tell people how great you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Do not throw me away ... do not abandon me ... ## +# your honor + +Here "honor" refer to the words that he will use to honor Yahweh. AT: "words that cause people to honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all the day + +"all day long" or "at all times" + +# Do not throw me away ... do not abandon me These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## do not abandon me ## +# Do not throw me away -"do not leave me" \ No newline at end of file +"Do not force me to go away from you." For God to reject him is spoken of as God forcing him to go away. See how this is translated in [Psalms 51:11](../051/010.md). AT: "do not reject me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not abandon me + +"do not leave me forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/010.md b/psa/071/010.md index a3c9a18046..8ca33db2ca 100644 --- a/psa/071/010.md +++ b/psa/071/010.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## watch for my life ## +# watch for my life -AT: "are waiting for an opportunity to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +It is implied that they are watching for an opportunity to take his life. The euphemism "to take a life" means to kill. AT: "watch for an opportunity to take my life" or "wait for an opportunity to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## They say, ## +# They say -AT: "They say about me," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be translated to make explicit that they are talking about him. AT: "They say about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## pursue and take him ## +# pursue and take him -"follow him and take him" \ No newline at end of file +"follow him when he runs away, and kill him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/012.md b/psa/071/012.md index 1985ae13ce..50caee7cd6 100644 --- a/psa/071/012.md +++ b/psa/071/012.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## do not be far from me ## +# do not be far from me -AT: "stay close to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Because Yahweh has not yet answered the writer's request, he speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were standing far away from the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Let them be put to shame and consumed ## +# hurry to help me -AT: "Put them to shame and consume them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"help me soon" -## those who are hostile to my life ## +# Let them be put to shame and destroyed, those who are hostile to my life -AT: "those who hate me being alive" +"Let those who are hostile to my life be put to shame and destroyed" -## let them be covered with rebuke and dishonor ## +# Let them be put to shame and destroyed -AT: "cover them with rebuke and dishonor" or "rebuke and dishonor them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Put them to shame and destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who are hostile to my life + +The words "my life" represent the person. The idiom "hostile to my life" means that these are people who try to harm him by accusing him of wrongdoing. AT: "those who accuse me of doing wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# let them be covered with rebuke and dishonor, those who seek my hurt + +"let those who seek my hurt be covered with rebuke and dishonor" + +# let them be covered with rebuke and dishonor + +This can be stated in active form. The abstract nouns "rebuke" and "dishonor" can be stated as verbs. AT: "may everyone rebuke them, and may no one honor them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# those who seek my hurt + +The noun "hurt" can be translated with a verb. AT: "those who are looking for ways to harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/014.md b/psa/071/014.md index 0fc2f0c9b2..fc42bbd407 100644 --- a/psa/071/014.md +++ b/psa/071/014.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## more and more ## +# more and more -These words are repeated here to emphasize how much he will praise God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"more all the time" or "always more than I have before" -## My mouth will tell ## +# My mouth will tell -AT: "I will tell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The mouth is synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "I will tell" or "I will speak with my mouth and tell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## although ## +# your righteousness + +This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "righteousness." AT: "how righteous you are" or "all the good things you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as an action. AT: "how you have saved me" or "how you save people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# although "even though" -## with the mighty acts of ## +# I will come -This refers to their being strengthened by God's power and might. AT: "in the strength of" +Possible meanings are 1) "I will go to where people worship Yahweh" or 2) "I will go to my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -## will go to them ## +# with the mighty acts of the Lord Yahweh -AT: "will come" +Possible meanings are 1) "I will tell them of the mighty deeds the Lord Yahweh has done" or 2) "because the Lord Yahweh has given me strength to do mighty acts." -## to them ## - -AT: "to my enemies" - -## will make mention of ## +# will make mention of "will talk about" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/017.md b/psa/071/017.md index dfd53b3da1..60d8a90de8 100644 --- a/psa/071/017.md +++ b/psa/071/017.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## God, do not forsake me, ## +# taught me -AT: "God, please do not forsake me" +The implied information may be stated clearly. "taught me many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## your power to everyone who is to come ## +# God, do not forsake me -AT: "and as I declare your power to everyone who is to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +"God, please do not forsake me" -## everyone who is to come ## +# I have been declaring your strength -This refers to the people who he will meet later on, but older people and children. AT: "the generation to come" or "everyone in the future" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "strength" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I have been telling how strong you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# to the next generation + +"to those who are children today" + +# your power to everyone who is to come + +The omitted information may be stated clearly. AT: "and as I declare your power to everyone who is to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# everyone who is to come + +This exaggeration refers to everyone the writer can speak to. AT: "so as many people as I can tell will know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/019.md b/psa/071/019.md index a7b7cf0cc4..86a7dc8027 100644 --- a/psa/071/019.md +++ b/psa/071/019.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## severe troubles ## +# Your righteousness also, God, is very high -"horrible troubles" +The psalmist speaks of the good things God has done as though they were put together as a high building or a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## ​revive ## +# who is like you? -to strengthen or to make lively again +This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "there is no one like you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## from the depths of the earth ## +# revive -The "depths of the earth" is a reference to where people go when they die. AT: "when we are near death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +strengthen or make lively again + +# from the depths of the earth + +"The depths of the earth" is a metaphor for where people go when they die. The psalmist had not already died, but in this exaggeration he speaks as if he had. AT: "when we are near death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/021.md b/psa/071/021.md index fa966b3d93..abf0a859b0 100644 --- a/psa/071/021.md +++ b/psa/071/021.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## ​turn again and comfort me. ## +# May you increase ... turn again and comfort -AT: "comfort me again" +"I want you to increase ... I want you to turn again and comfort." Some translations read, "You will increase ... you will turn again and comfort." -## for your trustworthiness ## +# turn again and comfort me -AT: "because you are trustworthy" +This describes one action through two phrases. AT: "comfort me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) -## to you I will sing praises with the harp, Holy One of Israel. ## +# to you I will sing praises with the harp, Holy One of Israel -"to you, who is the Holy One of Israel, I will sing praises with the harp" \ No newline at end of file +"to you, who is the Holy One of Israel, I will sing praises while I play the harp" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/023.md b/psa/071/023.md index 9822ee303b..b05a12b8a1 100644 --- a/psa/071/023.md +++ b/psa/071/023.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -AT: "and my soul, which you have redeemed, will sing praises" or "I will sing praises with my inner being, which you have redeemed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# My lips will shout for joy -## My tongue will also talk ## +"Lips" represent the whole person. AT: "I will shout for joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "I will also talk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# even my soul, which you have redeemed -## for they have been put to shame and are confused ## +The words the psalmist has omitted can be stated clearly. AT: "and my soul, which you have redeemed, will sing praises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -AT: "for God has put to shame and confused" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# my soul -## those who sought my hurt ## +Here "soul" refers to the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -This refers to his enemies spoken of in [Psalms 71:12](./012.md). \ No newline at end of file +# My tongue will also talk + +Here "tongue" refers to the whole person. AT: "I will also talk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# they have been put to shame and are confused, those who sought my hurt + +"those who sought my hurt have been put to shame and are confused" + +# for they have been put to shame and are confused + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for God has put to shame and confused them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who sought my hurt + +This refers to the enemies of the writer. ([Psalms 71:10](./008.md)). See how "those who seek my hurt" is translated in [Psalms 71:13](./012.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/071/intro.md b/psa/071/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..003479ccc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/071/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 071 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 71 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +God has helped the psalmist all his life. Now that he is old, his enemy thinks that God has abandoned him; but the psalmist trusts in God and will praise Yahweh with songs of praise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 71:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../070/intro.md) | [>>](../072/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/001.md b/psa/072/001.md index 33e9f14fb2..7687343298 100644 --- a/psa/072/001.md +++ b/psa/072/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of Solomon ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Possible meanings are 1)David wrote this psalm for his son or 2) Solomon wrote this psalm for his son or 3) a king wrote it for his son in the style of Solomon. +# General Information: -## May he judge ## +Possible meanings for the header "a psalm of Solomon" are 1) David wrote this psalm about Solomon ("the king's son") or 2) Solomon (who, as David's son, was "the king's son") wrote this psalm as a prayer about himself or 3) another king wrote it about his son in the style of Solomon. People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -AT: "May the king judge" +# Give the king your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to the king's son -## your people ## +Possible meanings are 1) "Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to my son" or 2) "Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to me, the king's son." People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -AT: "God's people" +# Give the king your righteous decrees -## and your poor ## +"Enable the king to judge rightly" -AT: "and may the king judge God's poor people" +# your righteousness to the king's son -## May the mountains produce peace ... may the hills produce righteousness ## +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Here the word "righteousness" refers to making righteous decisions. AT: "give your righteousness to the king's son" or "enable the king's son to rule with righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -The mountains and the hills stand for the whole land of Israel, they are described as if they are a machine that can produce peace and righteousness. Peace and righteousness are described as if they are some sort of material you can hold in your hands. AT: "May there be peace in the land ... may everything in the land be done righteously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# May he judge + +If David wrote this, he is talking about his son, "the king's son," he is speaking of the time when his son will be king. If Solomon wrote it, even though he is writing about himself, it would be best to translate as though he were writing about someone else. Either way, "May the king judge" is the best translation. + +# your people ... your poor + +The psalmist is speaking to God. + +# your poor + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The adjective "poor" refers to poor people. AT: "may he judge your poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# May the mountains produce peace ... may the hills produce righteousness + +The psalmist speaks of the people of Israel as if they were the mountains and hills on which they live. He speaks of the mountains and the hills as if they were the entire land of Israel, as if that land were a garden that produces fruit, and of peace and righteousness as if they are that fruit. AT: "May the people of the land live in peace ... may they do everything in a righteous way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/004.md b/psa/072/004.md index 9f78f4d12d..92bd937cd2 100644 --- a/psa/072/004.md +++ b/psa/072/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## break in pieces the oppressor ## +# he ... he -AT: "destroy their oppressor completely" +These refer to the one who will "judge" ([Psalms 72:2](./001.md)). -## May they honor you ## +# break in pieces the oppressor -"May they fear you" AT: "May the people honor God" +The writer speaks of the king defeating or punishing people who oppress others as if those people were objects that the king would break into pieces. AT: "punish the person who oppresses others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## while the sun endures, and as long as the moon lasts ## +# while the sun endures, and as long as the moon lasts -AT: "forever, and without ending" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The sun and the moon are metonyms for the day and the night, which together are a merism for all time. AT: "forever, and without ending" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/006.md b/psa/072/006.md index 6905c14892..c42ec1f820 100644 --- a/psa/072/006.md +++ b/psa/072/006.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## May he come down like rain on the mown grass ## +# May he come down like rain on the mown grass -The goodness king and his reign are compared to rain on mown grass. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The king will be good, and he will do good things for his people as if he were rain doing good for freshly cut grass. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like showers that water the earth ## +# May he come -The goodness of the king and his reign are compared to a showering rain on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"I desire that he come" -## the righteous ## +# like showers that water -"the righteous man" +"May he come down like showers that water." The king will be good, and he will do good things for his people as if he were rain doing good for the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## in his day ## +# the righteous -Possible meanings are 1) in the day of the king or 2) in his own day. +The adjective "righteous" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## till the moon is no more ## +# in his days -AT: "as long as the moon shines" (UDB) or "forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "while the king rules" or 2) "as long as the righteous person lives" or "as long as the righteous people live." + +# may there be an abundance of peace + +The psalmist speaks as if peace were a physical object like food. An "abundance" is when there is much of something. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "abundance" and "peace." AT: "may righteous people live peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# till the moon is no more + +"as long as the moon shines" or "forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/008.md b/psa/072/008.md index 1928421df8..903996fde5 100644 --- a/psa/072/008.md +++ b/psa/072/008.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## May he have dominion ## +# May he have dominion -AT: "May the king have dominion" +"May the king have dominion" -## from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth ## +# from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth -Both of these expressions refer to the whole earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +Both of these expressions are merisms and refer to the whole earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## the River ## +# from sea to sea -AT: "the Euphrates" +from the Dead Sea and the Sea of Kinnereth in the east to the Mediterranean Sea in the west. -## lick the dust ## +# the River -This is a symbol of extreme humiliation. +"the Euphrates River," which the Israelites would travel to on land by going north -## render ## +# the ends of the earth -"return" AT: "give" +as far as people could travel on land by different routes to the south. The Israelites spoke of the earth as if it were a flat surface with ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## offer gifts ## +# lick the dust -"bring near gifts" AT: "give gifts" +This is a metaphor for extreme humiliation. AT: "do everything they can so he will allow them to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Seba ## +# Tarshish + +the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# render + +"give" + +# offer gifts + +"give gifts" + +# Seba This is the name of a country. It is not the same country as Sheba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/011.md b/psa/072/011.md index db95f4ddec..85ae24ad58 100644 --- a/psa/072/011.md +++ b/psa/072/011.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## fall down before him ## +# fall down before him -AT: "bow down before him" or "honor him as their king" \ No newline at end of file +"bow down before him" or "honor him as their king" + +# all nations + +Here the word "nations" represents the people who live in the nations. AT: "the people who live in every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# no other helper + +"no one else to help him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/013.md b/psa/072/013.md index 3eaefec11d..34d4b32d92 100644 --- a/psa/072/013.md +++ b/psa/072/013.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## he has pity on ## +# He has pity on the poor and needy -AT: "he feels very sad for" +"He wants to stop the poor and needy from suffering" -## the poor and needy ## +# the poor and needy -These two words refer to the same group and are used together to emphasize how good the king is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here the nominal adjectives "poor" and "needy" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that they are unable to help themselves. AT: "those who are poor and those who are needy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## the lives of the needy ## +# redeems their lives -AT: "needy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "lives" refers to the whole person. AT: "redeems them" or "saves them" or "rescues them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## their souls ## +# oppression and violence -AT: "them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the needy suffer. These abstract nouns can be stated as verbs. AT: "those who oppress them and hurt them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## oppression and violence ## +# their blood is precious in his sight -These two words mean essentially the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad the needy suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here "their blood" is a metonym for their well-being. The sight of Yahweh represents his judgment or evaluation. AT: "their well-being is very important to him" or "he wants them to live well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## their blood ## +# in his sight -AT: "their lives" or "their suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## precious in his sight ## - -AT: "precious to him." This does not mean he likes to see their blood, but that their suffering feels like a precious loss. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how this phrase is translated in [Psalms 19:14](../019/013.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/015.md b/psa/072/015.md index 9f571ed37a..b537e5ab31 100644 --- a/psa/072/015.md +++ b/psa/072/015.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## May the gold of Sheba be given to him ## +# May he live! -AT: "May they give him the gold of Sheba" or "May he receive the gold of Sheba" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This saying was used to honor the king by expressing a desire to have him live a long time. AT: "May the king live a long time!" or "I desire that the king live a long time!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## all day long ## +# May the gold of Sheba be given to him -AT: "continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May they give him the gold of Sheba" or "May he receive the gold of Sheba" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in the earth ## +# all day long -"in the land" +This idiom means "continually" and does not refer only to one day. AT: "continually" or "all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## their crops wave in the breeze ## +# abundance of grain -AT: "their crops move back and forth in the calm wind" +An "abundance" is when there is much of something. This abstract noun can be stated as "much" or "plenty" AT: "much grain" or "plenty of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## crops ## +# crops plants that people grow for food -## like the trees of Lebanon ## +# wave -AT: "just like the trees in Lebanon move back and forth in the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Use the word for what long grass does when a gentle wind blows on it and it moves slowly back and forth. -## like grass on the earth ## +# like Lebanon -AT: "just like the grass on the earth flourishes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +"like the cedar trees in Lebanon." These trees were beautiful and had wood that was good for building. The meaning of this can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the people flourish in the cities like the grass of the field + +The prosperity of the people in the cities is spoken of as if they were grass that grows abundantly in the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/017.md b/psa/072/017.md index d1ae45f445..9ac41a7a14 100644 --- a/psa/072/017.md +++ b/psa/072/017.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the king’s name ... his name ## +# May his name endure forever -AT: "the king's reputation ... his reputation" or "the king's fame ... his fame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This saying is used to honor God by expressing the desire for people to always remember him. AT: "May people always know about him" or "May people never forget who he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## as long as the sun ## +# his name -AT: "forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here "his name" refers to God's reputation. AT: "the king's name" or "the king's reputation" or "the king's fame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## may people be blessed in him ## +# as long as the sun -AT: "may he bless people with is rule" or "may he be a blessing for people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "as long as the sun endures" or "as long as the sun shines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## call him blessed ## +# may people be blessed in him -AT: "recognize that he is blessed" or "say that God blessed him" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may God cause him to do good things for people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# call him blessed + +"recognize that God has blessed them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/018.md b/psa/072/018.md index 04a484be08..efbad3ae39 100644 --- a/psa/072/018.md +++ b/psa/072/018.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## May Yahweh God, the God of Israel, be blessed ## +# General Information: -AT: "May people bless Yahweh God, the God of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These verses are more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 2 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 42 and ends with Psalm 72. -## May his glorious name be blessed forever ## +# May Yahweh God, the God of Israel, be blessed -AT: "May people bless his glorious name forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people bless Yahweh God, the God of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## may the whole earth be filled with his glory ## +# May his glorious name be blessed forever -AT: "may his glory fill the whole earth" or "may he fill the whole earth with his glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people bless his glorious name forever" or, treating "name" as a metonym for Yahweh himself, "May people forever know how glorious he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## The prayers of David, the son of Jesse, are finished ## +# his glorious name be blessed -AT: "David, the son of Jesse, finished his prayers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"he, who is glorious, be blessed" + +# may the whole earth be filled with his glory + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may his glory fill the whole earth" or "may he fill the whole earth with his glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Amen and Amen + +The word "Amen" is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. See how you translated this in [Psalms 41:13](../041/013.md). AT: "May it certainly be so" + +# The prayers of David son of Jesse are finished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "David, the son of Jesse has finished his prayers" or "This is the last prayer of the David the son of Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/072/intro.md b/psa/072/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9f87ec1080 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/072/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 072 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 72 is a psalm for the king when he begins to be the king. David wrote it as a blessing on his son, Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Blessings for the king ##### +May the king be honored throughout the world. May he help the poor. May there be prosperity while he is king. + +##### Close of Book Two ##### +The whole collection of Psalms has been divided into several "books." This is the last psalm of the second book. It is attributed to Solomon, the son of David. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 72:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../071/intro.md) | [>>](../073/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/001.md b/psa/073/001.md index af13daec7d..1341344012 100644 --- a/psa/073/001.md +++ b/psa/073/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of Asaph ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” +# A psalm of Asaph -## my feet ## +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." See how this is translated in [Psalms 53:1](../053/001.md). -This phrase represents the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# my feet almost slipped; my feet almost slipped out from under me -## my feet almost slipped; my feet almost slipped out from under me ## +The psalmist speaks of being unable to trust God and wanting to sin as if he had almost fallen while walking on a slippery path. AT: "I almost stopped trusting in God; I was almost guilty of committing a great sin against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I was envious of the arrogant + +"I envied the arrogant" or "I did not want arrogant people to have the good things that they had" + +# the arrogant + +The adjective "arrogant" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "arrogant people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the prosperity of the wicked + +The word "prosperity" can be translated as a verb. AT: "how the wicked have so many good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the wicked + +The adjective "wicked" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/004.md b/psa/073/004.md index 53b5a710c4..78ad8352e2 100644 --- a/psa/073/004.md +++ b/psa/073/004.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Asaph continues to describe "the wicked." +# General Information: -## They are free from the burdens of other men; they are not afflicted like other men ## +Asaph begins to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are "arrogant" and "wicked" ([Psalms 73:3](./001.md)). -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# the burdens of other men + +The words "burdens" is a metonym for the struggles of daily life (need for food, shelter, clothing, and health). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they are not afflicted like other men + +"they do not suffer the way other people do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/006.md b/psa/073/006.md index 88a2f9af37..24e6b0bcf5 100644 --- a/psa/073/006.md +++ b/psa/073/006.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -Asaph continues to offer his thoughts about "the wicked." +# General Information: -## Pride adorns them like a necklace around their neck; violence clothes them like a robe. ## +Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are "arrogant" and "wicked" ([Psalms 73:3](./001.md)). -This means the wicked do not try to hide their pride or violence. They show them openly so that everyone can see them just like a person wears a necklace or beautiful robe so every can see them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# Pride adorns them like a necklace around their neck; violence clothes them like a robe -## necklace...robe ## +This means the wicked show everyone how proud and violent they are as if they were wearing a necklace or beautiful robe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -A "necklace" is chain usually made of gold or jewels that a person wears around their neck. Both the necklace and the robe are symbols of a person's status and rank. \ No newline at end of file +# necklace ... robe + +This refers to things that rich and important people wear. + +# necklace + +a chain usually made of gold or jewels that goes around the neck + +# Out of such blindness comes sin + +Because they are like blind people who cannot see where they are going, they sin without knowing it. Being blind is a metaphor for a person being unable to see how wicked he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# evil thoughts pass through their hearts + +Here the psalmist describes people's thoughts as if they were people. He also describes the inner beings of wicked people as if they were a building in which those people could walk. AT: "in their inner beings they are always thinking about more evil things to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/008.md b/psa/073/008.md index 6f09d792a0..06977afb70 100644 --- a/psa/073/008.md +++ b/psa/073/008.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Asaph continues to think about “the wicked.” +# General Information: -## They mockingly say evil things; they proudly threaten violence. ## +Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are "arrogant" and "wicked" ([Psalms 73:3](./001.md)). -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +# They mock -## They speak against the heavens ## +Whom they mock can be stated clearly. AT: "They mock God and his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -The word "heavens" here represents God. AT: "They speak against God, who is in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# They set their mouth against the heavens -## their tongues roam through the earth ## +Here "their mouth" is a metonym for their speech, and "heavens" is a metonym for God, who lives in the heavens. AT: "They speak against God, who is in the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Here the word "tongues" represent the wicked person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# their tongues march through the earth + +The word "tongues" represents the people themselves. Possible meanings are 1) "they go through the earth saying bad things about God" or "they go everywhere and boast about themselves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/010.md b/psa/073/010.md index 5f929eb5af..6c7eb482ef 100644 --- a/psa/073/010.md +++ b/psa/073/010.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -The wicked people influence Israel. +# General Information: -## drink deeply at their words ## +Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are "arrogant" and "wicked" ([Psalms 73:3](./001.md)). -This expression means "to listen." AT: "receive and absorb their words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# his people turn to them -## They say ## +Possible meanings are 1) "God's people love the wicked people" or "the wicked people return to this place" -The word "They" here refers to the wicked people. +# abundant waters are drained out -## How does God know? Does God know what goes on? ## +Possible meanings are 1) "God's people listen gladly to the words of the wicked people" or 2) "the wicked people have plenty of food to eat and wine to drink" -These two rhetorical questions share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. The wicked doubt God's ability to know all things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# They say + +the wicked people say + +# How does God know? Is there knowledge with the Most High? + +These rhetorical questions are to show contempt for God. These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "Surely God does not know what we are doing. The Most High has no knowledge of it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/013.md b/psa/073/013.md index 56c45a778c..4d7e433324 100644 --- a/psa/073/013.md +++ b/psa/073/013.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -Asaph complains to God about his situation. +# General Information: -## I have ## +In verses 13 and 14, Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are "arrogant" and "wicked" ([Psalms 73:3](./001.md)). In verse 15 he begins to talk about what he is really thinking. + +# I have The word "I" refers to Asaph. -## I have guarded my heart and washed my hands in innocence ## +# guarded my heart -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Asaph speaks of guarding his heart as if he were guarding a city or building against enemies. AT: "I have kept my thoughts pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## guarded my heart ## +# washed my hands in innocence -AT: "I have kept my thoughts pure." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of his purity as if he had washed his hands with innocence instead of with water. See how you translated this in [Psalms 26:6](../026/006.md). AT: "my actions have remained pure" or "I have washed my hands to show that I am innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## washed my hands in innocence ## +# all the day long -See how you translated this in [Psalms 26:6](../026/006.md). AT: "my actions have remained pure" or "I have washed my hands to show that I am innocent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"always" or "every day" -## For all the day long have I been afflicted and disciplined every morning. ## +# I have been afflicted -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. +"You have made me suffer." See how "they are not afflicted" is translated in [Psalms 73:5](./004.md). -## All the day long ## +# I have been ... disciplined -"Always" or "Every day" +"I have been ... punished" -## afflicted and disciplined ## +# If I had said, "I will say these things," then I would have betrayed this generation of your children -** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +This hypothetical situation did not happen. AT: "I never said, 'I will say these things,' so I did not betray this generation of your children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/016.md b/psa/073/016.md index 5c553e8661..808092f870 100644 --- a/psa/073/016.md +++ b/psa/073/016.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## these things ## +# these things -This refers back to Asaph's reflections about what he sees happening to the wicked. +The good things that happen to "the wicked" ([Psalms 73:4](./004.md)-[Psalms 12](./010.md)). -## their fate ## +# their fate -The word "their" refers to the wicked. \ No newline at end of file +"what happens to wicked people when they die" or "how wicked people die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/018.md b/psa/073/018.md index 232cb3e347..bdb9d74761 100644 --- a/psa/073/018.md +++ b/psa/073/018.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## put them ## +# put them The word "them" refers to the wicked. -## slippery places ## +# slippery places -AT: "unsafe or unstable ground." +"unsafe or unstable ground." See how "slipped" is translated in [Psalms 73:2](./001.md). -## How they become a wilderness in a moment ## +# How they become a wilderness in a moment -This phrase means "How quickly they are destroyed." +The word "wilderness" is a metaphor for a person who has lost everything good. AT: "How quickly they are destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## like a dream after one wakes up ## +# like a dream after one wakes up -This phrase means "easily forgotten." The wicked will last no longer than what we see in a dream. It disappears as soon as one wakes up.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The wicked will last no longer than what a person sees in a dream. It disappears as soon as the person wakes up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/021.md b/psa/073/021.md index 4280ccb1b7..d041ce48f3 100644 --- a/psa/073/021.md +++ b/psa/073/021.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## ignorant and lacked insight ## +# my heart was grieved -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The word "heart" represents the person emphasizing their thoughts and feelings. AT: "I was very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## lacked insight ## +# I was deeply wounded -AT: "understood nothing" +The psalmist speaks of emotional pain as if it were physical pain by being pierced with a knife or arrow. AT: "I felt like someone had wounded me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you ## +# ignorant and lacked insight + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how little he knew. AT: "very ignorant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# lacked insight + +"understood nothing" + +# you This "you" refers to God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/023.md b/psa/073/023.md index d25a6f1654..e6b61b4ae7 100644 --- a/psa/073/023.md +++ b/psa/073/023.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I am always with you ## +# I am always with you The word "I" here represents Asaph. The word "you" here represents God. -## you hold my right hand ## +# you hold my right hand -This shows an intimate relationship with God that offers stability and security. AT: "You hold me close" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The person's "right hand" refers to the whole person. This shows an intimate relationship with God that offers stability and security. AT: "You hold me close" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# receive me to glory + +Possible meanings are 1) "put me where people will honor me" or 2) "honor me by taking me to where you are." See how "receive me" is translated in [Psalms 49:15](../049/014.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/025.md b/psa/073/025.md index ccead82b7f..d459a4daf3 100644 --- a/psa/073/025.md +++ b/psa/073/025.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Whom have I in heaven but you? ## +# Whom have I in heaven but you? -This sentence shows that God is all Asaph wants or needs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +You can translate this as a statement. AT: "There is no one for me in heaven but you!" or "You are the only one I have in heaven!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## My flesh and my heart ## +# in heaven -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. Together they represent all of the person. AT: "My body and my mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +"among the gods" or "among the supernatural beings" + +# My flesh and my heart + +These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they represent the whole person. AT: "My body and my mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/027.md b/psa/073/027.md index 3888921575..9925f4f575 100644 --- a/psa/073/027.md +++ b/psa/073/027.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Asaph continues to talk about God. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Asaph continues to talk about God. + +# Those who are far from you + +Here the idea of staying far from God is compared to being unwilling to obey him. AT: "Those who do not want to obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my refuge + +The writer speaks of Yahweh as if he were a place to which a person could flee for safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/073/intro.md b/psa/073/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c548160cc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/073/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 073 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 73 is a wisdom psalm. It explains the problem of wicked people who seem to prosper. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Evil people ##### +Sometimes it seems that wicked people have no problems and everything works for them. Despite this, they will be destroyed. In contrast, the righteous always have God to help them through problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +##### Psalms by Asaph ##### +There are twelve psalms attributed to Asaph; the first one is Psalm 50, which is in Book Two, and the other eleven (Psalm 73–83) are at the beginning of Book Three. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 73:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../072/intro.md) | [>>](../074/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/001.md b/psa/074/001.md index 8250694ac6..488971dae0 100644 --- a/psa/074/001.md +++ b/psa/074/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A maschil of Asaph ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a maschil that Asaph wrote.” +# A maschil of Asaph -## A maschil ## +"This is a maschil that Asaph wrote." + +# A maschil This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). -## God, why have you rejected us forever? ## +# God, why have you rejected us forever? -This phrase emphasizes the distress that Asaph feels.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "God, we have done nothing wrong, but you have rejected us forever!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## against the sheep of your pasture ## +# Why does your anger burn against the sheep of your pasture? -The word "sheep" here refers to the people of Israel. AT: "against Israel, who are like the sheep of your pasture." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "We are the ones you have promised to care for, and we have done nothing wrong, but now you are angry with us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## your own heritage ## +# the sheep of your pasture -AT: "your own inheritance" \ No newline at end of file +Asaph speaks of the people of Israel as if they were sheep. AT: "against Israel, who are like the sheep whom you feed in your pasture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Call to mind + +"Pay attention to." God has not forgotten his people, but he does not seem to be thinking about them. + +# your own heritage + +"yours forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/003.md b/psa/074/003.md index 1974c8d5e3..0d9a7c409f 100644 --- a/psa/074/003.md +++ b/psa/074/003.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + These verses describe an actual event, a physical attack on the temple of Israel in Jerusalem. -## Come look ## +# Come look Asaph is addressing God, asking him to come look at the destruction. -## roared ## +# roared The adversaries were shouting loudly with a great cry of victory. -## engravings ## +# engravings This refers to carvings on wood, metal, or stone in the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/007.md b/psa/074/007.md index 40686a8daf..20138a0d5b 100644 --- a/psa/074/007.md +++ b/psa/074/007.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Asaph continues to describe the destruction of the temple. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Asaph continues to describe the destruction of the temple. + +# They ... they ... They ... They + +Here "they" refers to the adversaries mentioned in [Psalms 74:4](./003.md). + +# They said in their hearts + +This is an idiom. AT: "They said to themselves" or "They thought to themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/009.md b/psa/074/009.md index 7fb032a298..7f8bd50c62 100644 --- a/psa/074/009.md +++ b/psa/074/009.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + Asaph is addressing God about the destruction he sees. -## How long, God, will the enemy . . .? ## +# We do not see any more signs -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "We do not see any more miraculous signs from God" or 2) "All our sacred symbols are gone" or 3) the "signs" are the flags and symbols of an army representing the army itself. AT: "Our army has been completely destroyed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Will the enemy blaspheme your name forever? ## +# How long, God, will the enemy throw insults at you? -AT: "Will the enemy never stop speaking evil against you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "God, the enemy has been throwing insults at you for too long!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Why do you hold back your hand, your right hand ## +# Will the enemy blaspheme your name forever? -AT: "Why do you withhold your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "It seems as if you will never stop the enemy from blaspheming your name!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## hand … your right hand ## +# blaspheme your name -Here the phrase "hand" represents God's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "name" is a metonym for God himself. AT: "say that you are bad" or "insult you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## take your right hand from your garment ## +# Why do you hold back your hand, your right hand? -AT: "Stop hiding your power and take action." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist speaks of God as if he had a physical body. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Stop holding back your hand, your right hand!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# hold back your hand + +Here the word "hand" is a metonym for power. AT: "not show your power" or "not use your power to destroy your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your right hand + +"your strongest hand" + +# Take your right hand from your garment + +The psalmist speaks of God as if he had a physical body. "Stop hiding your power and take action" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/012.md b/psa/074/012.md index 57f4ce16f0..d18b25e538 100644 --- a/psa/074/012.md +++ b/psa/074/012.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + This begins a new theme: Asaph is proclaiming God's mighty deeds in the history of his people. -## You divided the sea by your strength ## +# God has been my king from ancient times -The word "You" here represents Yahweh. This sentence shows Yahweh's great power. It may refer to creation of the world or to when the Israelites crossed the Reed Sea. +Possible meanings are 1) Asaph is speaking as Israel's representative, "God has been our king since we Israelites first became a nation" or 2) "God, my king, was alive even in ancient times." -## the sea ## +# bringing salvation -AT: "great waters." \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated with the verb "to save." Here Yahweh saving people is spoken of as if salvation were an object that he brings with him. AT: "saving people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You divided ... in the waters + +Asaph is probably speaking of the time God brought Israel out of Egypt, divided the Sea of Reeds, led Israel through it on dry land, then drowned Pharaoh's army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# You divided the sea by your strength + +Asaph is speaking of God as if God had a physical body. "You are so strong you were able to make dry land in the middle of the sea." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# the sea + +"the great water" + +# you smashed the heads of the sea monsters in the waters + +Asaph is probably speaking of Pharaoh and his army as if they were sea monsters. If possible, translate these words literally. AT: "when you killed Pharaoh's army, it was as if you smashed the heads of sea monsters in the waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/014.md b/psa/074/014.md index f29dfe303e..2482ecc2d8 100644 --- a/psa/074/014.md +++ b/psa/074/014.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## leviathan ## +# General Information: + +Asaph continues to speak of what God did long ago. He is probably speaking of when God brought Israel out of Egypt and drowned Pharaoh's army in the Sea of Reeds. If possible, these words should be translated literally. + +# leviathan Leviathan is a sea monster. It represents a cruel enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You broke open springs and streams ## +# You broke open springs and streams -God provided water for his people in the desert. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh causing springs and streams to flow out of the ground as if he broke open the ground so that they could flow. AT: "You caused springs and streams to flow out of the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/016.md b/psa/074/016.md index d0be872751..d98422eebe 100644 --- a/psa/074/016.md +++ b/psa/074/016.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + Asaph continues to recount God's creative power. -## the borders of the earth - ## +# the borders of the earth -** AT: "the boundaries of the land and the sea" \ No newline at end of file +"the boundaries of the land and the sea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/018.md b/psa/074/018.md index 2a9839536d..b39c454c06 100644 --- a/psa/074/018.md +++ b/psa/074/018.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Asaph is pleading for God's help. -## Call to mind ## +# Call to mind -AT: "Remember" +"Pay attention to." See how this is translated in [Psalms 74:2](./001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the life of your dove ## +# the enemy hurled insults at you -This phrase may reflect the kindness found in the Law, in a general sense. The phrase "your dove" may refer to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Asaph speaks of insulting words as if they were physical objects, like stones, which the enemy was throwing at Yahweh. AT: "the enemy insulted you many times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a wild animal ## +# the life of your dove -This phrase may be comparing the enemies of Israel to "a wild animal." AT: "a savage enemy that is like a wild animal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Asaph speaks of himself as if he were a dove, a defenseless bird. This phrase may also be a metaphor for the people of Israel. AT: "me, your dove" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dove + +A small, defenseless bird often kept as a pet. + +# a wild animal + +This phrase may be a metaphor for the enemies of Israel. AT: "a savage enemy that is like a wild animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not forget the life of your oppressed people forever + +"Do not continue forever to do nothing to help your oppressed people." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Come soon to help your oppressed people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/020.md b/psa/074/020.md index 783446cab3..b36f6e86b1 100644 --- a/psa/074/020.md +++ b/psa/074/020.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Asaph continues his lament to Yahweh. -## Call to mind ## +# the dark regions of the land are full of places of violence -AT: "Remember" +Asaph speaks of "regions" as if they were containers in which one could put "places of violence." AT: "violent people do evil deeds in dark places in the land wherever they can" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the oppressed … poor and oppressed ## +# the dark regions of the land -Both these phrases represents God's chosen people, Israel. \ No newline at end of file +The word "dark" is probably a metaphor for a place where bad things happen or for the lands to which the Israelites had been sent in exile, but these words should be translated literally if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not let the oppressed be turned back in shame + +"Do not let wicked people defeat the oppressed and make them ashamed" + +# the oppressed + +These are people who are treated cruelly by powerful people. + +# the poor and oppressed + +The words "poor" and "oppressed" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh saves many who need his help. See how these words are translated in [Psalms 35:10](../035/009.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/022.md b/psa/074/022.md index 90fbcc4b97..aa64e4d24a 100644 --- a/psa/074/022.md +++ b/psa/074/022.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Do not forget the voice of your adversaries or the uproar of those who continually defy you ## +# defend your own honor -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] ) \ No newline at end of file +"show everyone that you are right" + +# call to mind + +"Pay attention to." God has not forgotten how fools insult him, but he does not seem to be thinking about it. See how this is translated in verse [Psalms 2](./001.md). + +# the voice of your adversaries + +The word "voice" is a metonym for the words people use when they speak. AT: "what your adversaries are saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# or the uproar of those who continually defy you + +The psalmist speaks of the words of those who defy God as if they were the loud sound of animals or non-living objects like water or the wind. AT: "and pay attention to the loud and meaningless words of those who continually defy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# defy + +boldly oppose \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/074/intro.md b/psa/074/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b148b5f97a --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/074/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 074 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 74 is a psalm of deliverance. The people have been completely conquered and they pray for God to deliver them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### God's power ##### +The enemies have destroyed God's temple and are insulting the people. God is powerful. He made everything and he chose Israel for his people. He should avenge himself on these enemies that have burnt his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +This is called a "Maschil." The word in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 74:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../073/intro.md) | [>>](../075/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/075/001.md b/psa/075/001.md index 9793f3e085..178dff1656 100644 --- a/psa/075/001.md +++ b/psa/075/001.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -3. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +# General Information: -## set to Al Tashheth ## +The people of God are speaking in 75:1, and God speaks in 75:2-3. + +# For the chief musician + +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to Al Tashheth This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:1](../057/001.md). -## A psalm of Asaph, a song ## +# A psalm of Asaph -“This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." See how this is translated in [Psalms Psalm 53](../053/001.md). -## all the inhabitants ## +# all the inhabitants "all the people who live on it" -## make steady the earth's pillars ## +# make steady the earth's pillars "keep the earth from being destroyed" or AT: "keep my people safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Selah ## +# Selah -See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:1](../003/001.md). \ No newline at end of file +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/075/004.md b/psa/075/004.md index ed246bda47..4bb5189975 100644 --- a/psa/075/004.md +++ b/psa/075/004.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -5. The writer begins speaking in 75:6. +# I said to the arrogant ... and to the wicked -## and to the wicked ## +The words "the arrogant" and "the wicked" are nominal adjectives that can be translated with nouns. The verb for the second phrase may be supplied from the first. AT: "I said to the arrogant people ... and I said to the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -"and I said to the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# I said -## Do not be confident ... Do not be so sure ## +Possible meanings are 1) God is speaking or 2) Asaph is speaking. -It would be better to use the same words two times than to make these two lines one. "Do not be confident" is parallel to "Do not be arrogant," and "Do not be so sure" is parallel to "do not speak." +# Do not be arrogant ... Do not lift ... Do not lift up your ... do not speak -## with your head held so high ## +The speaker is speaking to many wicked people, so these forms are all plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -"arrogantly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Do not lift up the horn + +Asaph speaks of wicked people as if they were animals with horns on their heads, stretching their necks and holding their heads high to frighten other animals. AT: "Do not be confident" or "Do not boast about how strong you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Do not lift up your horn to the heights + +Asaph speaks of wicked people as if they were animals with horns on their heads, stretching their necks and holding their heads as high as they can to frighten other animals. AT: "Be especially sure not to boast that you are greater than God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with an insolent neck + +Asaph speaks of wicked people who defy or challenge God as if they were animals with horns on their heads, stretching their necks and holding their heads high to frighten other animals. AT: "arrogantly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is not from the east ... that lifting up comes + +Asaph speaks of the one who lifts up as if he were the action of lifting up. He also speaks of God giving strength and honor to a person as if God were physically lifting that person up. AT: "The one who will lift you up will not be someone who comes from the east" or "The one who will make you strong and have people honor you will not be someone who comes from the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/075/007.md b/psa/075/007.md index 565d5f95e6..1f00d0a9de 100644 --- a/psa/075/007.md +++ b/psa/075/007.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + Asaph speaks about God. -## a cup ... of foaming wine ... mixed with spices ## +# he brings down and he lifts up + +The objects of the verbs can be stated clearly: "he brings some people down and he lifts other people up." The words "brings down" and "raises up" are metaphors for God making people powerful and taking away their power. AT: "he makes one man king in place of another man" or "he takes away one man's power and gives power to another man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a cup of foaming wine ... mixed with spices When Yahweh punishes the people they will be like people who have drunk strong wine and become ill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## foaming wine ## +# foaming wine -wine with much alcohol (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The foam is a metaphor for the power of the wine to make people drunk, AT: "strong wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## spices ## +# spices -dried leaves or ground seeds \ No newline at end of file +dried leaves or ground seeds + +# pours it out + +pours it from a large container into the cups that the people will drink from + +# drink it to the last drop + +"drink every drop of it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/075/009.md b/psa/075/009.md index 80b2cb18a9..8e247f83a5 100644 --- a/psa/075/009.md +++ b/psa/075/009.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -Asaph speaks of himself in 75:9, then relates what God says in 75:10. \ No newline at end of file +# He says + +God says + +# cut off all the horns of + +The horns of an animal are a metaphor for the power of a person. AT: "take away all power from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the horns of the righteous will be raised up + +The horns of an animal are a metaphor for the power of a person. This can be translated as a statement in active form. AT: "I will raise up the horns of the righteous" or "I will make the righteous powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/075/intro.md b/psa/075/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..864d0a3343 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/075/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 075 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 75 is a wisdom psalm; teaching what will happen to evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Punishment ##### +God has warned the evil people that they will be punished. He will strengthen the good people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 75:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../074/intro.md) | [>>](../076/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/076/001.md b/psa/076/001.md index c30d7cac16..aff7c407a4 100644 --- a/psa/076/001.md +++ b/psa/076/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician, ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship," +# For the chief musician -## on stringed instruments ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# on stringed instruments "people should play stringed instruments with this song." -## A psalm of Asaph, as song ## +# A psalm of Asaph -“This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote" See how this is translated in [Psalms 53:1](../053/001.md). -## his dwelling place ## +# made himself known in Judah -"where he has chosen to live" \ No newline at end of file +"caused the people of Judah to know who he is" or "made himself famous in Judah" + +# his name is great in Israel + +The words "his name" are a metonym for his reputation. AT: "the people of Israel consider him good and powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his dwelling place + +"the place where he has chosen to live" + +# There he broke the arrows of the bow, the shield, the sword, and the other weapons of war + +These words are probably a metaphor for God causing the people of Judah to live in peace without being afraid of enemies making war on them, but the words should be translated literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in ([Psalms 3:1](../003/001.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/076/004.md b/psa/076/004.md index 9874de1385..542be6c131 100644 --- a/psa/076/004.md +++ b/psa/076/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## You shine brightly ## +# General Information: -AT: "You show how extremely great you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Asaph speaks of God as if God was a soldier returning from a mountain after winning a great battle. -## The bravehearted were plundered ## +# You shine brightly and reveal your glory -AT: "Your people killed your enemies' brave soldiers and then took away all their possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The second phrase strengthens the first phrase in that Yahweh's glory relates to Yahweh shining brightly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## fell asleep ## +# You shine brightly -AT: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "shine brightly" are a metaphor for being great. AT: "You show how extremely great you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The bravehearted were plundered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Your people killed the brave soldiers of their enemies and then took all their possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# fell asleep + +Here "fell asleep" is a euphemism for died. AT: "died" or "fell down dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/076/006.md b/psa/076/006.md index ab9c3c9d19..78917fa4e0 100644 --- a/psa/076/006.md +++ b/psa/076/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## fell asleep ## +# At your rebuke -AT: "died" (See: Euphemism) +The abstract noun "rebuke" refers to saying something in an angry or critical way. AT: "When you rebuked them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## who can stand in your sight when you are angry? ## +# fell asleep -AT: "No one can stand in your sight when you are angry." or "You can destroy everyone at whom you are angry." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase is a polite way to say that they died. AT: "died" or "fell down dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# who can stand in your sight when you are angry? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one can stand in your sight when you are angry." or "You can destroy anyone at whom you are angry." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/076/008.md b/psa/076/008.md index 95702597ba..ee141da4e0 100644 --- a/psa/076/008.md +++ b/psa/076/008.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## the earth ## +# you made your judgment heard -the people of the earth (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"you pronounced judgment" or "you announced how you were going to punish wicked people" -## execute judgment ## +# the earth was -"punish bad people and reward good people" \ No newline at end of file +Here "the earth" is a metonym for the people living on the earth. AT: "the people of the earth were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# execute judgment + +"carry out judgment" or "punish wicked people" + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in ([Psalms 3:1](../003/001.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/076/010.md b/psa/076/010.md index e1feff3dc2..ae4a949b09 100644 --- a/psa/076/010.md +++ b/psa/076/010.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## You fully reveal your wrath ## +# Surely -Possible meanings are 1) even Yahweh's judgment that does not cause people to praise him will show that he is angry (see ULB) or 2) those people whom Yahweh does not punish will stop wanting to sin and become his people (see UDB). \ No newline at end of file +"Surely" is expressing an expectation that what follows will certainly come to pass. + +# your angry judgment against humanity will bring you praise + +Possible meanings are 1) "people will praise you because you are angry at the wicked and judge them" or 2) "people who are angry with you will do things that cause people to praise you." + +# you gird yourself with what is left of your anger + +Yahweh's anger is spoken of as something that he can tie around himself like a belt. AT: "you tie your remaining anger around you like a belt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/076/011.md b/psa/076/011.md index 61e0cf1287..f3622aea6e 100644 --- a/psa/076/011.md +++ b/psa/076/011.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## him who is to be feared ## +# him who is to be feared -"Yahweh, whom they should fear" \ No newline at end of file +"Yahweh, whom they should fear" + +# He cuts off the spirit of the princes + +The phrase "He cuts off the spirit" is an idiom that means He breaks the spirit or He humbles. AT: "He humbles the princes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he is feared by the kings of the earth + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the kings of the earth fear him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/076/intro.md b/psa/076/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b02f24a8fb --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/076/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 076 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 76 is a worship psalm. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Yahweh's greatness ##### +God is great. He has conquered all the nations surrounding Israel. Everyone should bring him gifts. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 76:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../075/intro.md) | [>>](../077/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/001.md b/psa/077/001.md index 6858954112..362f1559a6 100644 --- a/psa/077/001.md +++ b/psa/077/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +# For the chief musician -## Jeduthun ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" -See how you translated this in [Psalms 39:1](../039/001.md). +# Jeduthun -## A psalm of Asaph ## +One of David's chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 39:1](../039/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -“This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” \ No newline at end of file +# A psalm of Asaph + +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." See how this is translated in [Psalms 53:1](../053/001.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/002.md b/psa/077/002.md index cb1550a487..5f76f90d42 100644 --- a/psa/077/002.md +++ b/psa/077/002.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## I groaned ... I grew faint ## +# I stretched my hands out -The writer wants to strongly say that he was was in spiritual pain and had lost hope. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"I prayed with my arms extended" -## Selah ## +# My soul refused to be comforted -See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:1](../003/001.md). \ No newline at end of file +The "soul" represents the person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I would not allow anyone to try to comfort me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I thought of God as I groaned; I thought about him as I grew faint + +These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# as I grew faint + +"as my spirit grew faint" or "as my spirit was overwhelmed" + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/004.md b/psa/077/004.md index 2a81544181..913435b037 100644 --- a/psa/077/004.md +++ b/psa/077/004.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## You held my eyes open; ## +# General Information: + +After speaking about God, Asaph speaks to God in verse 4 and then returns to speaking about God. + +# You held my eyes open "I said to God, 'You held my eyes open.'" -## about the days of old, about times long past ## +# held my eyes open -AT: "about things that happened a very long time ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Open eyes is a metonym for being unable to sleep. AT: "kept me from sleeping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the days of old, about times long past + +If necessary, "days of old" and "times long past" can be combined. AT: "about things that happened a very long time ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/006.md b/psa/077/006.md index 7c71d6aad7..78d8538dee 100644 --- a/psa/077/006.md +++ b/psa/077/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## I called to mind ## +# I called to mind -"I remembered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom for remembering. AT: "I remembered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## what had happened ## +# what had happened -Possible meaning is "what was happening." \ No newline at end of file +Another possible meaning is "what was happening." + +# Will the Lord reject me forever? Will he never again show me favor? + +These two phrases express feeling rejection from the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# show me favor + +"do things that show that he is pleased with me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/008.md b/psa/077/008.md index 1cf37704d8..beaa2042d6 100644 --- a/psa/077/008.md +++ b/psa/077/008.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## covenant faithfulness ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Psalms 13:5](../013/005.md). +Because Asaph was not sure of the answer to these questions, they are probably literal questions and should be translated literally. -## Had his anger shut off his compassion ## +# Was his covenant faithfulness gone forever? -AT: "Had God stopped showing us compassion because he was angry with us" \ No newline at end of file +Asaph speaks of Yahweh no longer acting faithfully to his covenant as if Yahweh's covenant faithfulness had gone away. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Has he stopped being faithful to his covenant forever?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Had God forgotten to be gracious? Had his anger shut off his compassion? + +These are two expressions stating similar concept of God not showing compassion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# Had his anger shut off his compassion + +Asaph speaks of anger as if it were a person shutting a door to keep another person, compassion, from coming out, AT: "Had God stopped showing us compassion because he was angry with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/010.md b/psa/077/010.md index 6b3627b4b4..8ff1de2b4a 100644 --- a/psa/077/010.md +++ b/psa/077/010.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## toward us ## +# I said -the writer and the people of Israel \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the psalmist was speaking to himself or 2) the psalmist was speaking to Yahweh. + +# the changing of the right hand of the Most High toward us + +The "right hand" is a metonym for power, authority or strength. AT: "the Most High no longer uses his power to help us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/011.md b/psa/077/011.md index 82b53ac137..7e48190e0e 100644 --- a/psa/077/011.md +++ b/psa/077/011.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The writer begins to speak to Yahweh. -## call to mind ## +# call to mind -"remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"remember" See how this is translated in [Psalms 74:2](../074/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## ponder ... reflect on ## +# your wonderful deeds of old -"think deeply about ... think carefully about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the wonderful things you did long ago" + +# I will ponder all your deeds and will reflect on them. + +These two phrases express the concept of meditating on what Yahweh has done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# ponder + +"think deeply about" + +# reflect on them + +"think of what they mean" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/013.md b/psa/077/013.md index f092a662e7..d17690042f 100644 --- a/psa/077/013.md +++ b/psa/077/013.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to speak to Yahweh. -## what god compares to our great God? ## +# what god compares to our great God? -The writer uses a question to emphasize his praise of God. He means there is no one like God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "no god compares to our great God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## gave your people victory ... the descendants ## +# revealed your strength among the peoples -AT: "gave us, your people, victory ... us who are the descendants" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "strength" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "shown people from many people groups how strong you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# gave your people victory ... the descendants + +"gave us, your people, victory ... us who are the descendants" + +# gave your people victory + +The abstract noun "victory" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "caused your people to be victorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the descendants of Jacob and Joseph + +This refers to the entire nation of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/016.md b/psa/077/016.md index fcd93b837c..67ea23dcbf 100644 --- a/psa/077/016.md +++ b/psa/077/016.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## depths ## +# The waters saw you ... they were afraid ... the depths trembled -"deepest water" +Asaph speaks of the water as if it were a person who saw something that terrified him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## your arrows flashed about ## +# the waters saw you, and they were afraid; the depths trembled -"the lightning you made flashed like arrows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"water" and "depth" refers to large bodies of water such as the sea or ocean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## flashed ## +# depths -sent bright light in short bursts \ No newline at end of file +"deepest waters" + +# The clouds poured down water + +Asaph speaks of the clouds as if they were people pouring water out of containers. AT: "Much rain fell" or "It rained very hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# your arrows flew about + +This is a metaphor that describes lightning as God's arrows. AT: "the lightning you made flashed like arrows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# flew + +Use your language's word for what an arrow does after someone shoots it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/018.md b/psa/077/018.md index 6defc90043..bf8dcbfec1 100644 --- a/psa/077/018.md +++ b/psa/077/018.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## thunderous ## +# thunderous voice -AT: "very loud" +This is personification, referring to the thunder as the voice of God. AT: "voice, which was as loud as thunder" or "very loud voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## lightning lit up the world ## +# lightning lit up the world -"lightning lit up everything all around" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This is an exaggeration to emphasize that the lightning lit up everything the writer could see. AT: "lightning lit up everything as far as you could see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## by the hand of ## +# Your path ... your way -"by the work of" \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# your footprints + +Asaph is speaking of Yahweh as if Yahweh was a person with feet. While this is personification, it should be translated literally, if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# your footprints were not seen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one saw your footprints" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You led your people like a flock + +This simile compares God's people to a flock of animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# by the hand of + +The phrase "by the hand of" here means "by the action of" or "through the action of." + +# hand + +Here "hand" is synechdoche for the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/077/intro.md b/psa/077/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..132742e0cc --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/077/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 077 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +The author felt abandoned by God. This is a psalm of lament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Lament ##### +God used to be close to the psalmist, but now it seems that God has completely abandoned him. Long ago, God took care of Israel and brought the people safely through the sea. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 77:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../076/intro.md) | [>>](../078/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/001.md b/psa/078/001.md index 7ef2ed541f..d2c8b0f62d 100644 --- a/psa/078/001.md +++ b/psa/078/001.md @@ -1,9 +1,31 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A maschil of Asaph ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a maschil that Asaph wrote.” +# A maschil of Asaph -## A maschil ## +"This is a maschil that Asaph wrote." See how "a psalm of Asaph" is translated in [Psalms 50:1](../050/001.md). -This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). \ No newline at end of file +# A maschil + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). + +# Hear my teaching + +The noun "teaching" can be translated with a verb. AT: "Hear what I teach" or "Hear me as I teach you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the words of my mouth + +The word "mouth" represents the person. AT: "my words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# open my mouth in parables + +The idiom "open my mouth" means to speak. AT: "speak in parables" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# sing about + +"tell." See how "pours out" is translated in [Psalms 19:2](../019/001.md). + +# hidden things + +If your language has a word for sayings that are purposely difficult to understand, you might use it here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/003.md b/psa/078/003.md index 19b0a227fb..c4f9eb6a25 100644 --- a/psa/078/003.md +++ b/psa/078/003.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Verse 3 continues the sentence begun in verse 2. -## We will not keep them from their descendants ## +# We will not keep them from their descendants -AT: We will tell our descendants about them" +This can be written in positive form. AT: "We will certainly tell our descendants about them" -## the praiseworthy deeds of Yahweh ## +# the praiseworthy deeds of Yahweh -AT: "the deeds of Yahweh that are worthy of praise" or "the things we praise Yahweh for" \ No newline at end of file +"the things we praise Yahweh for" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/005.md b/psa/078/005.md index 1eee247df7..ea7419fbb0 100644 --- a/psa/078/005.md +++ b/psa/078/005.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## he established ## +# he established -"Yahweh established" \ No newline at end of file +"Yahweh established" + +# covenant decrees + +Other possible meanings are "testimonies" or "laws." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/007.md b/psa/078/007.md index aaa8eaab56..4bd9b70857 100644 --- a/psa/078/007.md +++ b/psa/078/007.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -6]]. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The writer speaks of the "children" of [Psalms 78:5-6](./005.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/009.md b/psa/078/009.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f78bba27e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/078/009.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# The Ephraimites ... day of battle + +This is possibly a metaphor for not keeping the covenant (verse 10), but it is best to translate literally. + +# The Ephraimites + +"The Ephraimite soldiers" + +# were armed with bows + +The soldiers probably also had arrows. AT: "had bows and arrows for weapons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/012.md b/psa/078/012.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..518b556bf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/078/012.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# land of Zoan + +This refers to the area around the city of Zoan, which was in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/015.md b/psa/078/015.md index c75de44142..da47200cea 100644 --- a/psa/078/015.md +++ b/psa/078/015.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He split ## +# He split "God split" -## streams ## +# enough to fill the depths of the sea + +This is probably hyperbole. AT: "more water than they could possibly drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# streams small rivers \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/017.md b/psa/078/017.md index 45e68c01f5..0a643f2ba1 100644 --- a/psa/078/017.md +++ b/psa/078/017.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## They challenged God ## +# They challenged God They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him. -## in their hearts ## +# in their hearts "with their whole hearts" -## to satisfy their appetites ## +# to satisfy their appetites "so they could eat as much as they desired" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/019.md b/psa/078/019.md index 044c6391b4..2e0f1501ba 100644 --- a/psa/078/019.md +++ b/psa/078/019.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## They spoke ## +# They spoke the Israelites spoke -## Can God really lay out a table for us in the wilderness? ## +# Can God really lay out a table for us in the wilderness? -AT: "We don't believe that God can really lay out a table for us in the wilderness!" or "God, prove to us that you can really lay out a table for us in the wilderness!" +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "We do not believe that God can really lay out a table for us in the wilderness!" or "God, prove to us that you can really lay out a table for us in the wilderness!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## lay out a table ## +# lay out a table -"provide us with food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The idiom "lay out a table" means to prepare a table for a meal. Here the word "table" is a metonym for the food on the table. AT: "provide us with food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## waters gushed out ## +# waters gushed out much water came out quickly -## But can he give bread also? Will he provide meat for his people? ## +# But can he give bread also? Will he provide meat for his people? -"But we will not believe that he can give us bread also or provide meat for his people until we see him do it." \ No newline at end of file +The people are laughing at God to insult him with these questions. AT: "But we will not believe that he can give us bread also or provide meat for his people until we see him do it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# bread ... meat + +food from plants or food from animals. Though this is a merism for all kinds of food, it is best to translate it literally if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/021.md b/psa/078/021.md index 6f306b7c54..ae68198f77 100644 --- a/psa/078/021.md +++ b/psa/078/021.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## his anger attacked Israel ## +# his fire burned against Jacob -"because he was angry, he attacked Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The writer speaks of Yahweh's anger as if it were a fire, and of Yahweh acting in anger against Jacob as if that fire burned Jacob. AT: "his anger was like a fire that burned Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## did not trust in his salvation ## +# Jacob + +This refers to the nation of Israel + +# his anger attacked Israel + +The writer speaks of Yahweh punishing Israel when he was angry as if his anger were a person who attacked Israel. AT: "because he was angry, he attacked Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# did not trust in his salvation "did not trust him to save them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/023.md b/psa/078/023.md index 91230dc0b0..2efb5b798c 100644 --- a/psa/078/023.md +++ b/psa/078/023.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## skies ## +# he commanded the skies -Possible meanings are 1) "sky" (see UDB) or 2) "clouds." +Asaph speaks of the skies as if they were a person who could hear and obey God's commands. AT: "he spoke to the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## opened the doors of the sky ## +# skies -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] +Possible meanings are 1) "sky" or 2) "clouds." -## He rained down manna for them to eat, and gave them the grain from heaven ## +# opened the doors of the sky + +Asaph speaks of the sky as if it were a storeroom with doors. AT: "opened the sky as if it were a storeroom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He rained down manna for them to eat, and gave them the grain from heaven These two lines speak of the same event. -## He rained down manna ## +# He rained down manna "He caused manna to fall from the sky like rain" -## the bread of angels ## +# the bread of angels -This speaks of the manna. AT: "the same kind of food that angels eat." \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the manna that God provided for the people. The word "bread" represents food in general. AT: "the same kind of food that angels eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# food in abundance + +The abstract noun "abundance" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "abundant food" or "a large amount of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/026.md b/psa/078/026.md index e48bab56cb..e369b9e1bd 100644 --- a/psa/078/026.md +++ b/psa/078/026.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## He caused ## +# He caused "God caused" -## He rained down meat ## +# He rained down meat on them like dust -"He caused meat to fall like rain" or "He caused birds to fall like rain so the people could eat them" +The writer speaks of Yahweh causing birds to fall from the sky as if the birds were rain that Yahweh caused to fall. He compares the large amount of birds to dust. AT: "He caused meat to fall from the sky like rain, and there was so much of it that it covered the ground like dust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like dust ... as numerous as the sands of the sea ## +# meat -There were more birds than anyone could count. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +birds + +# as numerous as the sands of the sea + +No one can count the grains of sand. There were more birds than anyone could count, but this is an exaggeration: there were probably not literally the same number of birds as grains of sand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/029.md b/psa/078/029.md index a8bdc18faa..885e2a2a60 100644 --- a/psa/078/029.md +++ b/psa/078/029.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## craved ## +# craved -AT: "strongly desired" - -## But they had not yet filled up; their food was still in their mouths. ## - -This could be translated as the beginning of the sentence that starts in [Psalms 78:29](./029.md). AT: "But before they had filled up, while their food was still in their mouths," \ No newline at end of file +"strongly desired" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/031.md b/psa/078/031.md index 7f6b9610b4..baeff53ed1 100644 --- a/psa/078/031.md +++ b/psa/078/031.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## brought down ## +# Then -AT: "killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +while the food was still in their mouths ([Psalms 78:31](./029.md)) + +# God's anger attacked them + +"God was angry and attacked them." See how "his anger attacked Israel" is translated in [Psalms 78:21](./021.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# brought down + +This is a euphemism that means he caused them to die. AT: "killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# did not believe his wonderful deeds + +The word "deeds" is a metonym for God, who did the deeds. What they did not believe can be stated clearly. AT: "did not believe that he would take care of them even though he had done such wonderful deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/033.md b/psa/078/033.md index 45c74191d9..68ae4d921d 100644 --- a/psa/078/033.md +++ b/psa/078/033.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues telling of what God did to the Israelites. -## cut short their days ## +# cut short their days -"killed them while they were still young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Here the word "days" refers to a lifetime. The idiom "to cut short ... days" means to cause someone to die before they have lived a long life. AT: "killed them while they were still young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## earnestly ## +# their years were filled with terror -"urgently" \ No newline at end of file +Asaph speaks of years as if they were containers. AT: "year after year they were afraid all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to seek him + +to ask him what they needed to do so he would protect them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# afflicted them, they would ... they would return and look + +These are different people from those whose days God "cut short." When some of them died, others would "start to seek" God. + +# would return + +"would repent" or "would be truly sorry for their sins" + +# earnestly + +"urgently" or "as best they could" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/035.md b/psa/078/035.md index 834db1a4a1..558ea2a493 100644 --- a/psa/078/035.md +++ b/psa/078/035.md @@ -1,5 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + The tells of what the Israelites did. -## flatter him ## +# call to mind -"tell him he was wonderful when they did not believe it" \ No newline at end of file +"remember." See how this is translated in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md). + +# God was their rock + +The writer speaks about God as if he were a hill or mountain where people could go to be safe from their enemies. AT: "God was the one who protected them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their rescuer + +"the one who rescued them" + +# flatter him + +"tell him he was wonderful when they did not believe it" + +# with their mouth + +The word "mouth" is a metonym for the words they spoke using their mouths. AT: "by saying what they said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# their hearts were not firmly fixed on him + +Here "hearts" is a metonym for their thoughts. To be loyal to him is spoken of as being solidly attached to him. AT: "their thoughts were not focused on him" or "they were not loyal to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/038.md b/psa/078/038.md index 6a6fa65662..4a7b247aec 100644 --- a/psa/078/038.md +++ b/psa/078/038.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## held back his anger ## +# forgave their iniquity -"decided not to become angry with them" +"forgave them even though they had done evil deeds" -## stir up ## +# held back his anger -AT: "awaken" \ No newline at end of file +Asaph speaks of God's anger as if it were an angry person whom God held onto to keep him from attacking the one who had made him angry. AT: "did not punish them even though he was angry with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# did not stir up all his wrath + +Asaph speaks of God's wrath as if it were a sleeping person whom God allowed to sleep and did not awaken. AT: "did not allow himself to become fully angry with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/039.md b/psa/078/039.md index 2f6f415a65..a94bd12580 100644 --- a/psa/078/039.md +++ b/psa/078/039.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## called to mind ## +# called to mind -"remembered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"remembered." See how "call to mind" is translated in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## they were ## +# they were made of flesh -the Israelites were +The word "flesh," which is weak and then dies, is a metonym for human weakness and death. AT: "the Israelites were weak and would someday die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the barren regions ## +# the barren regions "places where nothing grows" -## they challenged God ## +# they challenged God -See how you translated this in [Psalms 78:17](./017.md). \ No newline at end of file +They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 78:18](./017.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/042.md b/psa/078/042.md index 0027d8d487..5f0fdd6662 100644 --- a/psa/078/042.md +++ b/psa/078/042.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + The writer speaks of how God had rescued the Israelites. -## Zoan ## +# Zoan a city in Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/044.md b/psa/078/044.md index d04052d41f..1d093b00f1 100644 --- a/psa/078/044.md +++ b/psa/078/044.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + The writer describes what God did. -## swarms of flies ## +# swarms of flies so many flies that it looked like a cloud -## gave their crops to the grasshopper and their labor to the locust ## +# that devoured them + +The flies made the Egyptians almost as unhappy as they would have if they had eaten the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# gave their crops to the grasshopper and their labor to the locust "allowed the grasshoppers to eat all their crops and allowed the locusts to eat everything they had worked hard to produce" -## overran ## +# overran -AT: "destroyed" +"went everywhere in" -## grasshopper ## +# grasshopper -a plant-eating insect with long legs used for jumping \ No newline at end of file +a plant-eating insect with long legs used for jumping + +# He gave their crops to the grasshopper + +Asaph speaks of the crops as a gift that God gave to the grasshoppers. AT: "He allowed the grasshopper to eat their crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their labor to the locust + +"he gave their labor to the locust." Asaph speaks of the people's labor as if it were a gift that God gave to the grasshoppers. The word "labor" is a metonym for the crops that their labor had produced. AT: "he allowed the locusts to eat the crops they had worked so hard to produce" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/047.md b/psa/078/047.md index 7a402e17d7..5b606414af 100644 --- a/psa/078/047.md +++ b/psa/078/047.md @@ -1,21 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to describe what God did to the Egyptians. -## sycamore ## +# sycamore a tree that gives fruit -## lightning bolts ## +# lightning bolts lightning that makes loud thunder -## The fierceness of his anger lashed out against them ## +# He rained hail -AT: "He was angry with them, so he suddenly and fiercely attacked them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"He brought hail" or "He caused hail to fall" -## He sent wrath, fury, and trouble like agents who bring disaster ## +# The fierceness of his anger lashed out against them -"He was so angry that he wanted to harm the Egyptians, so he made trouble for them and brought them to disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Asaph speaks of God's fierceness as if it were a person who could attack another person. AT: "He was angry with them, so he suddenly and fiercely attacked them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## fury ## +# The fierceness of his anger + +"His fierce anger" + +# lashed out against them + +"attacked them when they were not expecting anything to happen" + +# He sent wrath, fury, and trouble like agents who bring disaster + +Asaph speaks of wrath, fury, and trouble as though they are people God can send to do his work for him. AT: "He was so angry that he wanted to harm the Egyptians, so he made trouble for them and brought them to disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# fury anger that makes someone want to harm others \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/050.md b/psa/078/050.md index 993b7c257f..1352ed86db 100644 --- a/psa/078/050.md +++ b/psa/078/050.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to describe what God did to the Egyptians. -## He leveled a path for his anger ## +# He leveled a path for his anger -AT: "He was so angry that he did everything he could to harm them" or "It was as though his anger was an army and he made a smooth road for it to march on." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The psalmist speaks of anger as if it were a person who could walk Yahweh getting ready to punish the people as if he were making a smooth road for a person to walk on. AT: "He was so angry that he did everything he could to harm them" or "It was as if his anger was an army and he made a smooth road for it to march on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## spare them from death ## +# he did not spare them from death -"keep them from dying" or "permit them to live" +"he did not keep the Egyptians from dying" or "he did not permit the Egyptians to live" -## the firstborn of their strength ## +# gave them over to the plague -"their best and most important males" +Asaph speaks of the plague as if it were a person who was going to harm the Egyptians. AT: "he made them all very ill with the plague" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## in the tents of Ham ## +# the firstborn of their strength -"among the families of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase refers to the firstborn males of each family. AT: "the firstborn males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in the tents of Ham + +Here the word "tents" is a metonym for families. The word "Ham" refers to Egypt by the name of their ancestor. AT: "among the families of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/052.md b/psa/078/052.md index 68ea538b65..5ead3f1c66 100644 --- a/psa/078/052.md +++ b/psa/078/052.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. -## overwhelmed ## +# like sheep ... like a flock + +The writer speaks about the Israelites as if they were sheep. This means God cared for and protected the people like a shepherd does his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# overwhelmed "completely covered" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/054.md b/psa/078/054.md index 4ef5218775..53c1b551ff 100644 --- a/psa/078/054.md +++ b/psa/078/054.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. + +# his right hand acquired + +The words "right hand" are a metonym for power. AT: "he won for himself using his own power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# assigned them their inheritance + +Possible meanings are 1) God assigned the Israelites their inheritance in the land in which the other nations had once lived or 2) God assigned to the nations he had driven out an inheritance somewhere else. "gave them land that would always be theirs" + +# in their tents + +Possible meanings are 1) he settled Israel in their own tents in the land or 2) he settled Israel in the tents from which he had driven the other nations. Most of these "tents" were actually houses, both when the other nations lived in them and when the Israelites lived in them. AT: "in their homes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/056.md b/psa/078/056.md index 103f7b45f0..6803f2d5c6 100644 --- a/psa/078/056.md +++ b/psa/078/056.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. -## challenged ... defied ## +# challenged and defied -These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to strongly say that the Israelites did not want to believe that God would either provide for them or punish evil as he had said he would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to emphasize that the Israelites did not believe that God would either provide for them or punish evil as he had said he would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## challenged ## +# challenged -See how you translated this idea in [Psalms 78:17](./017.md). +They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him. See how you translated this idea in [Psalms 78:18](./017.md). -## defied ## +# defied "refused to obey" -## were unfaithful ... acted treacherously ## +# were unfaithful and acted treacherously -These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to strongly say that the Israelites did not do for God what they had said they would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to emphasize that the Israelites did not do for God what they had said they would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/058.md b/psa/078/058.md index 4ef5218775..890a9d1f43 100644 --- a/psa/078/058.md +++ b/psa/078/058.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. + +# made him angry with their high places and provoked him to jealous anger with their idols + +These two phrases are in parallel and have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/060.md b/psa/078/060.md index 0cff6bb796..1e3bb55ddc 100644 --- a/psa/078/060.md +++ b/psa/078/060.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. -## his strength ... his glory ## +# He allowed his strength to be captured and gave his glory into the enemy's hand -what was most important to him, the ark of the covenant (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -## into the enemy's hand ## - -to the power or control of the enemy (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Asaph speaks of God's strength and glory as if they were physical objects that people could capture and hold. The words "strength" and "glory" are probably mentonyms for the ark of the covenant. The word "hand" is a metonym for the enemy's power. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He allowed his enemies to capture the glorious ark of his covenant; he simply gave it to them so they could do whatever they wanted with it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/062.md b/psa/078/062.md index 02f61878bd..e461c584ba 100644 --- a/psa/078/062.md +++ b/psa/078/062.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. -## Fire devoured their young men ## +# He handed his people over to the sword -AT: "The fire of battle devoured their young men" or "Their young men died quickly in battle like a fire burns dry grass." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Do not communicate that these people used guns. +Asaph speaks of God's people as if they were a small object God would give as a gift, and of the sword, a metonym for death in war, as if it were a person who could receive a gift. AT: "He allowed people to kill all his people in war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## devour ## +# he was angry with his heritage -eat everything quickly +"he was angry with the people he had said would be his forever" -## wedding ## +# Fire devoured their young men -the celebration of people becoming married \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "The enemy used fire to kill all their young men" or 2) "Their young men died quickly in battle like a fire burns dry grass." Do not communicate that these people used guns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# devoured + +To "devour" is to eat everything very quickly. + +# wedding + +the celebration when people marry \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/064.md b/psa/078/064.md index cbb38e221f..249d81b1a5 100644 --- a/psa/078/064.md +++ b/psa/078/064.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## priests fell by the sword ## +# Their priests fell by the sword -"The enemies killed many Israelite priests using swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "sword" represents soldiers who fought with swords. The phrase "fell by the sword" is an idiom that means to die in battle. AT: "Their priests died in battle" or "Enemies killed their priests with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## their widows could not weep ## +# their widows could not weep -Possible meanings are 1) someone forced the widows not to weep (see UDB) or 2) so many priests died that there was no time for proper funerals. +Possible meanings are 1) someone forced the widows not to weep or 2) so many priests died that there was no time for proper funerals. -## widows ## +# widows women whose husbands have died -## funeral ## +# the Lord awakened as one from sleep -the ceremony when a dead person is buried +The Lord not acting for a period of time is spoken of as if he were asleep, and his beginning to act is spoken of as if he awakened. AT: "the Lord began to act as if he had awakened from sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## like a warrior who shouts because of wine ## +# like a warrior who shouts because of wine Possible meanings are 1) like a warrior who had drunk too much wine and has become angry because he was awakened and so wants to fight or 2) like a warrior who drank much wine but is now able to think and fight well because he has slept. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/067.md b/psa/078/067.md index dae84e85d1..6cf2bd52a6 100644 --- a/psa/078/067.md +++ b/psa/078/067.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. -## He rejected the tent of Joseph ... and he did not chose the tribe of Ephraim. ## +# the tent of Joseph -These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to strongly say that it was not Joseph and his descendants with whom God chose to dwell. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here the word "tent" is a metonym for a family. In this phrase it refers to the descendants of Joseph. AT: "the descendants of Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Joseph ... Ephraim ## +# Joseph ... Ephraim Ephraim was Joseph's son. -## Judah ... Mount Zion ## +# Judah ... Mount Zion -Mount Zion was in the land where the tribe of Judah lived. \ No newline at end of file +Mount Zion was in the land where the tribe of Judah lived. + +# He built his sanctuary like the heavens + +Possible meanings for this simile are 1) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as high as the heavens. AT: "He built his sanctuary high, like the heavens" or 2) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as permanent as the heavens. AT: "He built his sanctuary to last permanently, like the heavens last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like the earth + +The verb may be supplied from the previous line. The writer compares the permanence of Yahweh's sanctuary to the permanence of the earth. AT: "He built his sanctuary to last permanently, like the earth lasts permanently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/070.md b/psa/078/070.md index 322747ebb3..0026d40d0f 100644 --- a/psa/078/070.md +++ b/psa/078/070.md @@ -1,5 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to describe what God did -## sheepfolds ## +# from the sheepfolds -spaces with walls around them where sheep are kept safe \ No newline at end of file +"from where he was working in the sheepfolds" [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] + +# sheepfolds + +spaces with walls around them where sheep are kept safe + +# to be shepherd of Jacob, his people, and of Israel, his heritage + +The word "shepherd" is a metaphor for one who leads and protects other people. AT: "to lead and protect the descendants of Jacob, his people, and of Israel, his heritage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his heritage + +"the ones he had chosen to be his forever" See how this is translated in [Psalms 78:62](./062.md). + +# David shepherded them + +The word "shepherded" is a metaphor for leading and protecting. AT: "David led them and protected them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/078/intro.md b/psa/078/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..34f138166e --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/078/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Psalm 078 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 78 is a wisdom psalm using Israel's history. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel's complaining ##### +Although God did one miracle after the other, the people of Israel still complained and failed to believe Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### Superscription ##### +This is called a "Maschil." The word in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 78:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../077/intro.md) | [>>](../079/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/079/001.md b/psa/079/001.md index 9dab4023b1..9ab0ff1ba8 100644 --- a/psa/079/001.md +++ b/psa/079/001.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of Asaph ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” +# A psalm of Asaph -## They have given the dead bodies of your servants as food to the birds of the skies, \q the bodies of your faithful people to the beasts of the earth ## +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." See how this is translated in [Psalms 50:1](../050/001.md). -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# your inheritance + +"the land that was to be yours forever" See how this is translated in [Psalms 68:9](../068/009.md). + +# They have shed their blood like water + +The word "blood" is a metonym for innocent life. To shed blood is to kill innocent people. Most people saw water every day, so for blood to be as common as water, many innocent people would have to die. AT: "They have killed so many innocent people that the blood is everywhere, like water after it rains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/079/004.md b/psa/079/004.md index 8f3fb34dbe..caddc6554d 100644 --- a/psa/079/004.md +++ b/psa/079/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## We have become a reproach for our neighbors to make, mocking and derision to those who are around us ## +# We have become a reproach for our neighbors, mocking and derision to those who are around us -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The words "reproach," "mocking," and "derision" are metonyms for those whom others reproach, mock, and deride. AT: "We have become people whom our neighbors reproach; those around us mock and deride us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## We have become ## +# We have become The pronoun "We" refers to God's people. -## burn like fire ## +# derision -This simile compares the expression of God's anger to a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +strong laughter to shame a person + +# How long will your jealous anger burn like fire? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "It seems as though your jealous anger will never stop burning like fire." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# will your jealous anger burn + +The abstract noun "anger" can be stated as "angry." AT: "will you be jealous and angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# burn like fire + +This simile compares the expression of God's anger to a fire that destroys things. AT: "destroy us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/079/006.md b/psa/079/006.md index 9aa2997835..9db641c5de 100644 --- a/psa/079/006.md +++ b/psa/079/006.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + These two pairs of phrases each share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## they have devoured Jacob ## +# Pour out your wrath on the nations -This describes the enemies of God's people eating them completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Asaph speaks of God's wrath as if it were a liquid. AT: "Since you are angry, punish the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not call upon your name + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person's power and authority. AT: "do not belong to you" or "do not ask you to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they have devoured Jacob + +The word "Jacob" is a mentonym for his descendants, the people of Israel. AT: "they have completely destroyed the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/079/008.md b/psa/079/008.md index e12009d874..f2cd45ec26 100644 --- a/psa/079/008.md +++ b/psa/079/008.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## against us ## +# Do not hold the sins of our forefathers against us -The pronoun “us” refers to God's people, Israel. +"Do not continue to remember the sins of our forefathers and punish us for them" or "Forgive us for the sins of our forefathers" -## Help us, God of our salvation, for the sake of the glory of your name; save us and forgive our sins for your name’s sake ## +# we are very low -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The writer speaks of the people being weak and discouraged as if they were in a low position. AT: "we are very weak" or "we are very discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for your name's sake ## +# God of our salvation -God's name here represents his whole being and the honor that God deserves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "salvation" can be translated with the verb "save": "God who saves us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## God of our salvation ## +# for the sake of the glory of your name -The word "salvation" can be translated with the verb "save": "God who saves us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "name" is a metonym for his reputation, for what people know about him. AT: "so that people will know about your glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for your name's sake + +God's name here represents his whole being and the honor that he deserves. AT: "so that people will honor you" or "for your own sake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/079/010.md b/psa/079/010.md index f9ee2bb6a2..2f7f4f8a72 100644 --- a/psa/079/010.md +++ b/psa/079/010.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## the blood of your servants that was shed ## +# Why should the nations say, "Where is their God?" -The shedding of blood means to wound and even kill. AT: "the killing of your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "The nations should not be able to say, 'Where is their God?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## before our eyes ## +# Where is their God? -AT: "in our sight" or "while we were present" +This taunt can be translated as a statement. AT: "Their God cannot do anything!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## keep the children of death alive ## +# May the blood of your servants that was shed be avenged on the nations before our eyes -AT: "keep alive those who are condemned to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +To shed blood is a metonym for killing innocent people. This can be translated in active form. AT: "Avenge your innocent servants whom the nations killed where we can see you do it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# before our eyes + +"in our sight" or "while we are present" + +# May the groans of the prisoners come before you + +Asaph speaks of the sound made by prisoners in pain and sorrow as if it were a person who appears before a king. AT: "Listen carefully to the groans of the prisoners and help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# children of death + +This is an idiom that refers to people who are condemned to death. AT: "those who are condemned to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/079/012.md b/psa/079/012.md index 3940e68cc2..81eca15384 100644 --- a/psa/079/012.md +++ b/psa/079/012.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Pay back ## +# Pay back ... the insults ... Lord -AT: "Return" or "Retaliate" +Asaph speaks of the evil deeds that the neighboring countries did against Israel as "insults," and as if they were physical items. He asks the Lord to count those deeds, and for every one that the neighboring countries committed, he asks the Lord to have someone do seven evil deeds to the neighboring countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## into the laps ## +# Pay back -AT: "onto their knees and thighs as they are sitting." This means directly and personally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"Return" or "Give back" -## we your people and sheep of your pasture will give you thanks forever. We will tell your praises to all generations ## +# into the laps -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +onto their knees and thighs as they are sitting. This is a metaphor for "directly and personally." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we your people and sheep of your pasture will give you thanks + +The word "sheep" is a metaphor for helpless people whom a shepherd protects and leads. AT: "we who are your people, whom you protect and lead, will thank you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tell your praises to all generations + +"make sure that all generations to come know all the good things you have done" + +# your praises + +This represents the things that people will praise them the Lord for. AT: "continue to praise you for the things that you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/079/intro.md b/psa/079/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3a60e04826 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/079/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 079 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 79 is a deliverance psalm and a prayer for revenge against their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Destruction ##### +Jerusalem has been destroyed and its people killed. God should destroy these enemy nations who do not pray to him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 79:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../078/intro.md) | [>>](../080/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/001.md b/psa/080/001.md index 63bbbc54ec..647db8b4ab 100644 --- a/psa/080/001.md +++ b/psa/080/001.md @@ -1,33 +1,47 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician, ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is for the director of music to use in worship," +# For the chief musician -## set to the Shoshannim ## +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" See how this is translated in [Psalms 4:1](../004/001.md). + +# set to the Shoshannim This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 45:1](../045/001.md). -## A psalm of Asaph ## +# A psalm of Asaph -“This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." See how this is translated in [Psalms 50:1](../050/001.md). -## Shepherd of Israel ## +# Shepherd of Israel -The writer is referring to God as the shepherd of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Asaph is referring to God as the one who leads and protects Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Joseph ## +# you who lead Joseph like a flock + +The word "Joseph" refers to the nation of Israel. Asaph speaks of the people as if they were a flock of sheep that Yahweh, who is the shepherd, leads. AT: "you who lead the descendants of Joseph as though they were a flock of sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Joseph Here Joseph represents the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you who sit above the cherubim ## +# you who sit above the cherubim -This phrase refers to above the lid or cover of the ark of the covenant in the temple, the symbolic throne from which God ruled Israel. The gold cherubim were attached to this lid on each end, facing each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. AT: "you who sit on your throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## stir up your power ## +# shine on us + +Asaph speaks of God as if he were the sun, giving light, a metaphor for moral goodness. AT: "give us light" or "show us the right way to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# stir up your power The phrase "stir up" means to "put into action." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## shine your face on us ## +# make your face shine on us -This means "come and do powerful things for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh's face shone a light on them. AT: "act favorably towards us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# and we will be saved + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "and please save us" or "so that you can save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/004.md b/psa/080/004.md index 8794fdac43..0acf7404b0 100644 --- a/psa/080/004.md +++ b/psa/080/004.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## your people ## +# your people -This phrase refers to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Israel -## You have fed them with the bread of tears and given them tears to drink ## +# You have fed them with the bread of tears and given them tears to drink in great quantities -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) Israel has only had sorrow to sustain them. AT: "You have given them only sorrow for bread and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "bread of tears" and "tears to drink" are metaphors for continual sadness. AT: "You have made sure that they are very sad all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/007.md b/psa/080/007.md index 50d28c327e..03d2976e0d 100644 --- a/psa/080/007.md +++ b/psa/080/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## shine your face on us ## +# General Information: -The psalm writer asks Yahweh to look with favor on the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Asaph is speaking on behalf of the people of Israel. He begins in verse 8 to speak of the way God settled Israel in their land as if God were a man clearing ground to plant a grapevine. If you need to translate the meaning of the story rather than the story itself, see how the UDB translates it. -## You brought a vine out of Egypt; ## +# make your face shine on us -AT: "You brought us, like a vine, out of Egypt;" The psalm writer compares the nation of Israel to a vine made ready to transplant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh's face shone a light on them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 80:3](./001.md). AT: "act favorably towards us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you drove out nations and transplanted it. ## +# we will be saved -AT: "you drove out nations from their land and gave it to us, the vine, and planted us there." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# You brought a vine out of Egypt + +Asaph compares the nation of Israel to a vine made ready to transplant. AT: "You brought us, like a vine, out of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# you drove out nations and transplanted it + +The psalmist speaks of his people as if they were a plant that Yahweh was transplanting. AT: "you drove out nations from their land and gave it to us, the vine, and planted us there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/009.md b/psa/080/009.md index b3dcd52cfc..0e392a5949 100644 --- a/psa/080/009.md +++ b/psa/080/009.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -The writer compares Israel as a vine. +# General Information: -## You cleared the land for it; ## +Asaph continues to speak of the way God settled Israel in their land as if God were a man clearing ground to plant a grapevine. If you need to translate the meaning of the story rather than the story itself, see how the UDB translates it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"You cleared the land for the vine;" (See: Metaphor) +# You cleared the land for it -## and filled the land....to the Euphrates River. ## +"You cleared the land for the vine" -The writer describes the success of the nation of Israel in occupying the whole land by comparing to a vine that grows far beyond the normal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +# it took root -## shoots ## +"the vine took root" or "the vine began to grow" -These are the parts of new plants that are just starting to grow above the ground. \ No newline at end of file +# filled the land + +"its branches covered the land" + +# The mountains were covered with its shade, the cedars of God by its branches + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Its shade covered the mountains, its branches the cedars of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the cedars of God by its branches + +"and the cedars of God were covered by its branches," which copies the verb from the previous sentence. This can be stated in active form. AT: "and its branches covered the cedars of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cedars of God + +Possible meanings are 1) "the highest cedar trees," the cedar trees that grew on the "mountains" in the land of Lebanon north of Israel, or 2) "God's own cedar trees." + +# the sea + +the Mediterranean Sea to the west of Israel + +# shoots + +the parts of new plants that are just starting to grow above the ground \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/012.md b/psa/080/012.md index e7ae3290e9..0d5a1221fe 100644 --- a/psa/080/012.md +++ b/psa/080/012.md @@ -1 +1,23 @@ -The writer continues comparing the nation of Israel to the vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Asaph continues speaking of the way God settled Israel in their land as if God were a man clearing ground to plant a grapevine. If you need to translate the meaning of the story rather than the story itself, see how the UDB translates it. + +# its walls + +walls of stone, not of wood + +# boars + +wild pigs that ruin gardens and farms and attack people. If your readers do not know what these are, use the word for a wild animal that ruins gardens and farms and attacks people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# forest + +land where there are many trees + +# beasts + +wild animals of any kind + +# field + +land where there are many plants but no trees \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/014.md b/psa/080/014.md index c75ce8a9e7..bfed34cbc0 100644 --- a/psa/080/014.md +++ b/psa/080/014.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## and take notice ## +# General Information: -"and look at" +Asaph finishes speaking of the way God settled Israel in their land as if God were a man clearing ground to plant a grapevine. If you need to translate the meaning of the story rather than the story itself, see how the UDB translates it. -## this vine ## +# Turn back + +The writer wants God to turn back in order to help them. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "Turn back to us" or "Come and help us again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# take notice + +"look at" + +# this vine The writer continues comparing the nation of Israel to the vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## This is the root that your right hand planted ## +# This is the root that your right hand planted -The right hand represents the Yahweh's power and control. AT: "This is the root that you, Yahweh, planted." (See: Synecdoche) \ No newline at end of file +The right hand represents the Yahweh's power and control. AT: "This is the root that you, Yahweh, planted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# shoot + +the part of a new plant that is just starting to grow above the ground. See how this is translated in [Psalms 80:11](./009.md). + +# down; they perish because of your rebuke + +Possible meanings are 1) down; your people perish because of your rebuke." or 2) "down. May your enemies perish because of your rebuke!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/017.md b/psa/080/017.md index 6b877fa50c..83417d9252 100644 --- a/psa/080/017.md +++ b/psa/080/017.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## your hand ## +# your hand -This refers to Yahweh's power and control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +This refers to Yahweh's power and control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the man of your right hand ## +# the man of your right hand -This refers to the nation of Israel which Yahweh has chosen as his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +the nation of Israel, which Yahweh has chosen as his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## right hand ## +# right hand -The side of a person that is favored and gives honor to the one chosen to stand next to that person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +When a man in Israel wanted to honor another man, he would have that other man stand at his right side, close to his right hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# we will not turn away from you + +Here "turn away" is a metaphor for rejecting someone. This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "we will not stop worshiping and obeying you" or "we will always worship and obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/019.md b/psa/080/019.md index ae56ac6925..05f26b2e49 100644 --- a/psa/080/019.md +++ b/psa/080/019.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## shine on us ## +# shine on us -This means to give approval and favor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh's face shone a light on them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 80:3](./001.md). AT: "act favorably towards us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# we will be saved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/080/intro.md b/psa/080/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4727edd50b --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/080/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Psalm 080 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 80 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +Israel's enemies threaten them. The psalmist asks Yahweh to look down with joy on them, then they will be saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### + +The author uses an extended metaphor of Israel as a vine planted by God which is being uprooted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 80:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../079/intro.md) | [>>](../081/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/081/001.md b/psa/081/001.md index fe56babbe5..422442525b 100644 --- a/psa/081/001.md +++ b/psa/081/001.md @@ -1,34 +1,47 @@ -A psalm of Asaph. -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# General Information: + +A psalm of Asaph. + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship;" -## set to the Gittith ## +# set to the Gittith This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 8:1](../008/001.md). -## A psalm of Asaph ## +# A psalm of Asaph -"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote" -## God our strength ## +# God our strength -"God who gives us strength" +The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as "strong." AT: "God who causes us to be strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the God of Jacob ## +# the God of Jacob -AT: "the God of Israel, the nation of Jacob's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Jacob" represents all of his descendants. AT: "the God of Israel, the nation of Jacob's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## play the tambourine, the pleasant lyre with the harp ## +# play the tambourine, the pleasant lyre with the harp These are musical instruments. -## tambourine ## +# tambourine -a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken +a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## when our feast day begins ## +# the new moon + +This is the beginning of the lunar month. + +# the day of the full moon + +This is the middle of the lunar month. + +# when our feast day begins "and on the days when our feasts begin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/081/004.md b/psa/081/004.md index c5f7147949..064aacc24d 100644 --- a/psa/081/004.md +++ b/psa/081/004.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## it ## +# For it -"It" refers to the celebration in verses 1-3. +Here "it" refers to the feast day. -## the God of Jacob. ## +# a decree given by the God of Jacob -AT: “the God of Israel, the nation of Jacob's descendants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the God of Jacob decreed it" or "the God of Jacob commanded it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## issued it as a regulation ## +# the God of Jacob + +Here "Jacob" represents all of his descendants. AT: "the God of Israel, the nation of Jacob's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# issued it as a regulation "gave it as a law" -## Joseph ## +# in Joseph -"Joseph" is used to represent the nation of Israel. +Here "Joseph" represents all of the Israelites. AT: "to the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## when he went against the land of Egypt, ## +# when he went against the land of Egypt -This refers to the historical events in Egypt when the people of Israel were enslaved and God rescued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the historical events in Egypt when the people of Israel were enslaved and God rescued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the land of Egypt + +Here "land" represents the people. AT: "the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/081/006.md b/psa/081/006.md index 82c6355f1b..b1efc69e07 100644 --- a/psa/081/006.md +++ b/psa/081/006.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## I ## +# General Information: -In these verses, the pronoun "I" refers to God. +Here God begins speaking. -## removed the burden from his shoulder; ## +# removed the burden from his shoulder -God removed the forced labor from the people as represented by "the burden." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "the burden from his shoulder" represents the forced labor the Israelites had to do as slaves in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## his hands were freed from holding the basket. ## +# his hands were freed from holding the basket -The people of Israel were no longer forced to do hard labor represented by "the basket." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "holding the basket" represents the forced labor the Israelites had to do as slaves in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## in your distress ## +# In your distress -"in your great suffering" +"In your great suffering" -## I answered you from a dark thundercloud ## +# I answered you from a dark thundercloud -God's presence and glory were represented to Israel in a dark and threatening cloud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +When God came to the Israelites, he hid the fullness of his presence and glory in a dark and threatening cloud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I tested you at the waters of Meribah ## +# I tested you at the waters of Meribah God tested the children of Israel to see if they would trust him to supply water in the desert of Meribah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/081/008.md b/psa/081/008.md index d105444ff9..5d6fae4d86 100644 --- a/psa/081/008.md +++ b/psa/081/008.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh reminds the people what he said while they were in the desert. -## for I will warn you, ## +# for I will warn you -"because I am giving you a warning," +"because I am giving you a warning" -## Israel ## +# Israel -The name of the country represents the people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]). Yahweh talks to the nation as if it was a person (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here "Israel" represents the people of Israel. AT: "Israelites" or "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## if you would only listen to me! ## +# if you would only listen to me! -"but you must start listening to me!" +"how I wish you would listen to me" or "but you must start listening to me!" -## Open your mouth wide, and I will fill it. ## +# Open your mouth wide, and I will fill it -AT: "Tell me what you want me to do for you and I will do it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +God taking care of all the needs of the people is spoken of as if he were a mother bird feeding her baby birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/081/011.md b/psa/081/011.md index c08351e311..5ba9b574f7 100644 --- a/psa/081/011.md +++ b/psa/081/011.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + Now Yahweh tells what actually happened after he warned the people. -## So I gave them over to their own stubborn way ## +# to my words -"Therefore, I let them be stubborn" \ No newline at end of file +"to what I said" or "to me" + +# So I gave them over to their own stubborn way + +God allowing the people to remain stubborn is spoken of as if God were giving them over to an enemy to let the enemy harm them. AT: "Therefore, I let them be stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/081/013.md b/psa/081/013.md index a1e22d687f..f3fa0afbc8 100644 --- a/psa/081/013.md +++ b/psa/081/013.md @@ -1,19 +1,7 @@ -## Oh, that my people ... walk in my paths ## +# oh, that my people would walk in my paths -The writer makes the one idea in two lines for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +God wanting the people to obey him is spoken of as if he wanted the people to walk on his paths or roads. AT: "I wish that they would obey my laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Oh, that my people would listen to me; ## +# turn my hand against -AT: "Oh, how I long for my people to listen to me;" - -## oh, that my people would walk in my paths. ## - -AT: "Oh, that they would obey my laws." - -## Then I would quickly ... against their oppressors ## - -The writer makes one idea in two lines for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## turn my hand against ## - -"Hand" represents Yahweh's power. "I would overcome" or "defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" represents Yahweh's power. AT: "I would destroy" or "I would defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/081/015.md b/psa/081/015.md index a14b965b84..f0c5726b38 100644 --- a/psa/081/015.md +++ b/psa/081/015.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## cringe ## +# who hate Yahweh ... before him -"bow down" or "crouch low with fear" +Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "who hate me ... before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## humiliated ## +# cringe in fear -This means to make one feel ashamed or foolish especially in the opinion of others. \ No newline at end of file +"bow down in fear" or "fall down in fear" + +# May they be humiliated forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I would humiliate them forever" or "I will punish them forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I would feed Israel with the finest wheat + +God causing the best wheat to grow in Israel is spoken of as if he would literally feed the wheat to the people. AT: "I would allow the Israelites to eat the finest wheat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# feed Israel ... satisfy you + +Both "Israel" and "you" refer to the Israelites. + +# honey out of the rock + +This refers to wild honey. Bees would build hives in the holes in rocks and make the honey there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/081/intro.md b/psa/081/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c25c0c57d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/081/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 081 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 81 is a wisdom psalm. It is meant to be sung at "new moon" and "full moon" ceremonies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Obedience ##### +If Israel would obey and worship God, he would destroy their enemies. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 81:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../080/intro.md) | [>>](../082/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/082/001.md b/psa/082/001.md index 70bd2eab36..060acb5ad8 100644 --- a/psa/082/001.md +++ b/psa/082/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of Asaph ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” +# A psalm of Asaph -## renders ## +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote" -"gives" +# the divine assembly -## gods ## +"the heavenly council" or "the meeting in heaven" -Possible translations are: 1) human judges who use their power for their own interests; 2) spiritual principalities and powers such as those that many people are afraid of every day; and 3) the group of gods or elevated beings that many cultures believe. +# he renders judgment -## Selah ## +"he gives judgment." The abstract noun "judgment" can be stated as a verb. AT: "he judges" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:1](../003/001.md). \ No newline at end of file +# the gods + +Possible meanings are 1) these are other spiritual beings who dwell in heaven. AT: "the divine beings" or "the heavenly judges" or 2) these are human judges that God has appointed. Either way, it does not mean they are gods like Yahweh is god. It means God has given them great power and authority. AT: "the rulers" + +# How long will you judge unjustly and show favoritism to the wicked? + +Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the gods for not judging people fairly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/082/003.md b/psa/082/003.md index 4c0bbea447..61dccaf6b4 100644 --- a/psa/082/003.md +++ b/psa/082/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## maintain the rights of the ## +# the poor and fatherless + +Here "the poor" and "fatherless" are nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. AT: "those who are poor and those who are orphans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# maintain the rights of the "do what is right for the " -## destitute ## +# the afflicted and destitute -"very poor people" +Here "the afflicted" and "destitute" are nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. AT: "those who are suffering and those who have nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## take them out of the hand of the wicked ## +# the poor and needy ... the wicked -AT: "stop them from being harmed by the wicked." "the hand of" means "the power and control of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])​ \ No newline at end of file +These are all nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. AT: "those who are poor and those who are needy ... those who are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# take them out of the hand of the wicked + +Here the word "hand" represents power or control. AT: "stop the wicked people from harming them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/082/005.md b/psa/082/005.md index 69cdab79ca..edf5a0b0b6 100644 --- a/psa/082/005.md +++ b/psa/082/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## they wander around ## +# They neither -Possible meanings are "they" means the gods or "they" means the people of verses 3 and 4. +Possible meanings are 1) "they" refers to the gods or 2) "they" refers to the wicked people. -## crumble ## +# they wander around in the darkness + +Doing what is evil is spoken of as if they were walking in a very dark place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the foundations of the earth crumble + +The gods corrupting the moral order that Yahweh established is spoken of as if the gods were shaking the earth and making it fall apart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# crumble "fall apart" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/082/006.md b/psa/082/006.md index f9b956fd6c..d5c1a3d0ba 100644 --- a/psa/082/006.md +++ b/psa/082/006.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Nevertheless ## +# You are gods, and all of you sons of the Most High -"However" \ No newline at end of file +Here "gods" refers to the same group as in [Psalms 82:1](./001.md). Whether this refers to spiritual beings or human beings, they are not gods like Yahweh is God, and they are not literally his sons. By calling them "gods" and "sons of the Most High," Yahweh is acknowledging that he has given them great power and authority. + +# sons of the Most High + +Yahweh is speaking about himself as "the Most High." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# Nevertheless + +"However" + +# and fall + +This is a way of speaking of a person dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/082/008.md b/psa/082/008.md index 2c1a954d91..d313ccfe13 100644 --- a/psa/082/008.md +++ b/psa/082/008.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -The UDB is clear. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The writer is speaking again. + +# judge the earth + +Here "earth" represents the people. AT: "judge the people of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for you have an inheritance in all the nations + +"for all the nations are your inheritance." Yahweh taking all the people as his own and ruling over them is spoken of as if the nations were a possession that he inherited. AT: "for you rule over all the people of every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all the nations + +Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/082/intro.md b/psa/082/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..454c33475f --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/082/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Psalm 082 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 82 is a psalm of judgment against the the leaders of the other nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Favoritism ##### +The leaders of the nations need to protect the poor and needy and not to favor the evil rich people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metonymy ##### + +The leaders of the nations are represented by their gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 82:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../081/intro.md) | [>>](../083/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/001.md b/psa/083/001.md index 0bc3a80a4d..79a1c58818 100644 --- a/psa/083/001.md +++ b/psa/083/001.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## A song. A psalm of Asaph ## +# General Information: -"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Look, your enemies are making a commotion, and those who hate you have raised their heads. ## +# A song. A psalm of Asaph -AT: "Look, your enemies are rebelling against you, and those who hate you are threatening your people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote" + +# remain unmoved + +"do nothing to help us" + +# Look, your enemies are making a commotion + +Here "making a commotion" means they are rioting and rebelling. AT: "Look, your enemies are rebelling against you" + +# those who hate you have raised their heads + +The phrase "raised their heads" is way of saying they are rebelling against God. AT: "those who hate you are defying you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/003.md b/psa/083/003.md index 6acfe237f3..d55b972642 100644 --- a/psa/083/003.md +++ b/psa/083/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## They have schemed together with one strategy; ## +# your protected ones -"The enemies have agreed together with one plan;" +"those whom you protect." This refers to the Israelites. -## against you they have made an alliance. ## +# the name of Israel will no longer be remembered -"they have joined together against __you__." "You" is emphasized here. \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" represents a reputation or the memory of someone. This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will ever remember the Israelites existed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They have schemed together with one strategy + +"Your enemies have agreed together with one plan" + +# against you they have made an alliance + +"they have joined together against you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/006.md b/psa/083/006.md index b6c88046cd..fe804bb255 100644 --- a/psa/083/006.md +++ b/psa/083/006.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to list the people groups who want to destroy Israel. -## the tents of Edom ## +# the tents of Edom -Tents were their homes so this means the people who lived there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the people of Edom who lived in tents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Hagrites, Gebal ## +# Hagrites -See how you translate names: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]].) \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a people group that lived on the east side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Gebal, Ammon, Amalek ... Philistia + +These all represent the people of each area or tribe. AT: "the people of Gebal, the Ammonites, the Amalekites ... the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Gebal + +This is the name of a region south of the Dead Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/008.md b/psa/083/008.md index e39a678c7e..6791086a74 100644 --- a/psa/083/008.md +++ b/psa/083/008.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## the descendants of Lot ## +# Assyria -These were the nations of Moab and Ammon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This represents the people of Assyria. AT: "the people of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Selah ## +# the descendants of Lot -See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:1](../003/001.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the people of the nations of Moab and Ammon. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/009.md b/psa/083/009.md index adfc5b8bc7..54eee5bb31 100644 --- a/psa/083/009.md +++ b/psa/083/009.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Do to them...for the earth. ## +# Do to them ... for the earth -The writer is asking God to defeat Israel's enemies as he has done in the past. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The writer is asking God to defeat Israel's enemies as he has done in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Sisera, Jabin ## +# did to Midian -See how you translate names of people: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]. +Here "Midian" represents the people of Midian. AT: "did to the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Kishon, Endor ## +# Sisera ... Jabin -See how you translate the names of places: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] \ No newline at end of file +These are names of men. Jabin was king of Hazor. Sisera was the commander of Jabin's army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Kishon River + +This is the name of a river in northern Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Endor + +This is the name of a town in northern Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# became like manure for the earth + +This means the bodies of Sisera and Jabin were not buried but were left to rot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/011.md b/psa/083/011.md index ae76d6a12a..3179e4c1e6 100644 --- a/psa/083/011.md +++ b/psa/083/011.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The writer continues to remind God of other enemies he has defeated for Israel in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Oreb, Zeeb, Zebah, and Zalmunna. ## +# Oreb ... Zeeb ... Zebah ... Zalmunna -See how you translate names: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]. +These are all names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## They said ## +# They said -"They" are Oreb, Zeeb, Zebah and Zalmunna. \ No newline at end of file +Here "They" refers to Oreb, Zeeb, Zebah and Zalmunna. + +# the pastures of God + +This speaks about the land of Israel as if it were land for sheep to graze and God were the shepherd watching over it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/013.md b/psa/083/013.md index 45ef1f3458..c485c2e2c0 100644 --- a/psa/083/013.md +++ b/psa/083/013.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -The writer uses similes to paint a picture of God's total destruction of Israel's enemies. +# General Information: -## like the whirling dust, like chaff before the wind, ## +The writer uses similes to describe God's total destruction of Israel's enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -Both statements compare God's enemies to things that can be blown away by the wind and these combine for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# make them like the whirling dust, like chaff before the wind -## like the fire that burns the forest, and like the flame that sets the mountain on fire. ## +Both statements speak of God destroying his enemies as if he were a strong wind easily blowing them away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Both statements compare God's enemies to things that can be burned away by forest fires and these combine for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# like the fire that burns the forest, and like the flame that sets the mountains on fire -## Chase them with your strong wind, and terrify them with your windstorm. ## +Both statements speak of God's punishment as if it were a fire, and the enemies of God are things that burn in the fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Both statements ask God to destroy the enemies with storms and these combine for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Chase them with your strong wind, and terrify them with your windstorm + +Both statements ask God to destroy the enemies with storms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/016.md b/psa/083/016.md index d8695cf41f..e5bb94d335 100644 --- a/psa/083/016.md +++ b/psa/083/016.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Fill their faces with shame ## +# Fill their faces with shame -AT: "Make them very ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "faces" represents the whole person. AT: "Make them very ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## may they perish in disgrace. ## +# they might seek your name -"may they die in their shame." \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" represents God's power. God's enemies acknowledging that God is powerful is spoken of as if they are seeking to find Yahweh. AT: "they might acknowledge that you are powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seek your name + +Possible meanings are 1) God's enemies admit that God is powerful or 2) God's enemies are asking God for help or 3) God's enemies start to worship and obey him. + +# May they be put to shame and be terrified forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Make them ashamed and terrified forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# may they perish in disgrace + +"may they die while they are ashamed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/018.md b/psa/083/018.md index ea48501de7..2d6c803464 100644 --- a/psa/083/018.md +++ b/psa/083/018.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -We think the UDB is clear. \ No newline at end of file +# Then they will know + +This can also be stated as the writer making a request to God. AT: "Cause them to know" + +# are the Most High over all the earth + +God ruling over everything in the earth is spoken of as if he were elevated higher than everything else. AT: "are supreme, and you rule all things on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/083/intro.md b/psa/083/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6b5f54ebfc --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/083/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 083 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 83 is a deliverance psalm. It is a prayer for deliverance from the many nations allied against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Destruction ##### +God should destroy these enemy nations like he destroyed Israel's enemies during the time of the Judges. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 83:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../082/intro.md) | [>>](../084/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/084/001.md b/psa/084/001.md index db6ae2f179..d0dcf80e8d 100644 --- a/psa/084/001.md +++ b/psa/084/001.md @@ -1,23 +1,39 @@ -## For the chief musician; ## +# General Information: -"This is for the director of music to use in worship;" +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## set to the Gittith ## +# For the chief musician + +"This is for the director of music to use in worship" + +# set to the Gittith This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 8:1](../008/001.md). -## A psalm of the sons of Korah ## +# A psalm of the sons of Korah -"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote." +"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote" -## lovely ## +# How lovely -"beautiful" +"How beautiful" -## I long for the courts of Yahweh, my desire for it has made me exhausted ## +# I long for the courts of Yahweh -"I really want to be in the courts of Yahweh, my desire has exhausted me" +"I really want to be in the courts of Yahweh" -## whole being ## +# the courts of Yahweh -"flesh" or "whole body" \ No newline at end of file +Here "courts" represent the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# my desire for it has made me exhausted + +"my desire has exhausted me" or "I am tired because I want it so much" + +# My heart and all of my being call out + +Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I call out with all of my being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the living God + +This means God is living and he also has the power to cause other things to live. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/084/003.md b/psa/084/003.md index f58441041e..3fabac8829 100644 --- a/psa/084/003.md +++ b/psa/084/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## sparrow...swallow ## +# sparrow ... swallow -These are types of birds. +These are types of birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## where she may lay her young ## +# found her a house + +"found her a home" or "made her a home" + +# the swallow a nest + +Here the words "has found" or "has made" are understood. AT: "the swallow has found a nest" or "the swallow has made a nest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# where she may lay her young "where she may lay her eggs and care for her babies" -## continually ## +# they who live in your house + +Possible meanings are 1) "they" refers to the priests who permanently serve at the temple or 2) "they" refers to people in general who come and worship at the temple. + +# continually "again and again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/084/005.md b/psa/084/005.md index fb9ece4752..55d0579459 100644 --- a/psa/084/005.md +++ b/psa/084/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## highways ## +# Blessed is the man -"paths", "ways" +Here "man" refers to people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## pools ## +# whose strength is in you -"small areas of water" \ No newline at end of file +God is spoken of as if strength was actually found in him. AT: "whom you strengthen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in whose heart are the highways up to Zion + +This expression is about heart-felt desire. AT: "Who love to go up to Zion" or "Who earnestly wish go up to Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# highways + +"main roads" + +# up to Zion + +The temple was in Jerusalem on the top of the highest hill, called Mount Zion. + +# the Valley of Tears + +This refers to a dry, arid place. Some Bible versions have "the Valley of Baca." The word "Baca" means "weeping." + +# The early rains + +This means the rain that falls in autumn before the cold season. This is during the months of October and November on Western calendars. + +# blessings + +"pools of water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/084/007.md b/psa/084/007.md index f316b61ef3..215e72e00e 100644 --- a/psa/084/007.md +++ b/psa/084/007.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## God, watch over our shield; ## +# They go from strength to strength -The writer compares the king to a shield that protects the people. "God, watch over our king;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a way of saying they get stronger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## elsewhere ## +# They go -"other places" +Here "They" refers to those who strongly desire to go to the temple to worship God. -## doorkeeper ## +# Selah -"guard at the door" +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -## For one day in your courts is better than a thousand elsewhere ## +# God, watch over our shield -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +The king who protects his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. AT: "God, watch over our king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For one day in your courts is better than a thousand elsewhere + +This can be stated with the understood information. AT: "I would rather be in your courts for one day than to be somewhere else for a thousand days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# a thousand + +"1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# be a doorkeeper + +"be a guard at the door" or "stand at the door" + +# the wicked + +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "wicked people" or "those who are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/084/011.md b/psa/084/011.md index a59f3af883..d42c019c53 100644 --- a/psa/084/011.md +++ b/psa/084/011.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## For Yahweh God is our sun and shield; ## +# For Yahweh God is our sun and shield -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh who guides and protects his people is spoken of as if he were the sun and a shield. AT: "For Yahweh God guides us like the light from the sun, and he protects us like a shield" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who walk in integrity ## +# Yahweh will give grace and glory -"who walk in honesty." \ No newline at end of file +The abstract nouns "grace" and "glory" can be stated as verbs. AT: "Yahweh will be kind to us and honor us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# who walk in integrity + +The way a person conducts their lives or behaves is spoken of as if the person were walking. AT: "who live honestly" or "who are honest" + +# blessed is the man + +Here "man" means people in general. AT: "blessed are those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/084/intro.md b/psa/084/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1e73483bd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/084/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 084 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 84 is a worship psalm. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Obedience ##### +God blesses all who want to obey him. Praising God in his temple is better than anything else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +##### Similarity to Psalm 42-43 ##### +There are many similarities between these psalms and some scholars suggest they were written by the same people. +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 84:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../083/intro.md) | [>>](../085/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/085/001.md b/psa/085/001.md index 274a35337b..eac43fbaca 100644 --- a/psa/085/001.md +++ b/psa/085/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A psalm of the sons of Korah ## +# A psalm of the sons of Korah "This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote." -## You have shown favor to your land. ## +# you have showed favor to your land -Here, “land” refers to the nation and people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "land" represents the nation and people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# well-being + +This refers to a person being happy, healthy and prosperous. + +# of Jacob + +Here "Jacob" represents Jacob's descendents, the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# you have covered all their sin + +Here sin that is forgiven is spoken of as if it were covered so that it can not be seen. AT: "you have deliberately forgotten their sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their sin + +This writer thought of himself as belonging to God's people. AT: "our sin" + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/085/003.md b/psa/085/003.md index 99dda2812d..8ea838d82d 100644 --- a/psa/085/003.md +++ b/psa/085/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## You...your ## +# You have withdrawn all your wrath -The pronouns "you" and "your" refer to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) +God no longer punishing the Israelites is spoken of as if wrath were an object that Yahweh could take away from the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## us ## +# you have turned back from your hot anger -"us" refers to the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pluralpronouns]]) +God no longer being angry with the Israelites is spoken of as if anger were a fire that God from which God turned away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You have withdrawn all your wrath; you have turned back from your hot anger. ## +# God of our salvation -The writer uses parallel phrases to emphasize the importance of God's forgiveness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "God who saves us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Will you be angry with us forever? Will you remain angry throughout future generations? ## +# let go of your displeasure with us -The writer uses parallel sentences to emphasize the sincere request. AT: " Please do not stay angry at us forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Asking God to stop being angry with the Israelites is spoken of as if displeasure were an object the writer wants God to let go of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Will you be angry with us forever? Will you remain angry throughout future generations? + +The writer uses these questions to emphasize that he is requesting God to stop being angry with them. These rhetorical questions can be translated as a statement. AT: "Please do not stay angry at us forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/085/006.md b/psa/085/006.md index 1b5c602e9a..66d8348939 100644 --- a/psa/085/006.md +++ b/psa/085/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## you...your ## +# Will you not revive us again? -These pronouns refer to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) +The writer uses a question to emphasize his request to God to make the people of Israel prosper and happy again. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Please make us prosper again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Will you not revive us again? ## +# Show us your covenant faithfulness -The writer makes another sincere request. AT: "Please make us prosper again." \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "Show us that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# grant us your salvation + +The word "by" can be added to indicate this is how the writer wants God to show his faithfulness to his people. The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "by saving us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/085/008.md b/psa/085/008.md index 20e29bbb28..752f230a9b 100644 --- a/psa/085/008.md +++ b/psa/085/008.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## make peace with his people, ## +# make peace with his people -"have a peaceful relationship with his people," or "bring peace to his people," +"have a peaceful relationship with his people" or "bring peace to his people" -## Yet they must not turn again to foolish ways. ## +# Yet they must not turn again to foolish ways -"Yet they must not start doing foolish things again." \ No newline at end of file +A person changing the way he behaves is spoken of as if he were physically turning to a different direction. AT: "Yet they must not start doing foolish things again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Surely his salvation is near to those + +God being ready to save someone is spoken of as if salvation were an object that God has placed near someone. AT: "Surely God is ready to save those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# then glory will remain in our land + +Here "glory" represents God's presence. AT: "then his glorious presence will remain in our land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/085/010.md b/psa/085/010.md index 192bdb42ef..d877143fb2 100644 --- a/psa/085/010.md +++ b/psa/085/010.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness have met together; ## +# Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness have met together -AT: "God will show us both his faithfulness and his trustworthiness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" are spoken of as if they were persons who meet together. Possible meanings are 1) God has been faithful because of his covenant and has done what he promised to do. AT: "God has been faithful to his covenant and has proven that he is worthy of people trusting him" or 2) God has been faithful because of his covenant and the people have responded by being faithful to him. AT: "God has been faithful to his covenant and people have responded by trusting him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Righteousness and peace have kissed each other. ## +# have met together ... have kissed each other -AT: God has blessed us with both righteousness and peace." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Most likely the speaker is describing a time in the future when God causes the people to prosper again. AT: "will meet together ... will kiss each other" -## Trustworthiness will sprout up from the ground, ## +# righteousness and peace have kissed each other -AT: "Trustworthiness will sprout forth like a plant," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the people will do what is right and God will cause the people to live in peace or 2) God will do what is right and will cause the people to live in peace. Either way righteousness and peace are abstract nouns and are spoken of as if they were persons who kiss each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## victory will look down from the sky - ## +# kissed each other -** The writer describes victory as person looking down as God does. AT: "God will look upon us with favor and give us victory." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +This was a common way for friends to greet each other. + +# Trustworthiness springs up from the ground + +The people on earth being faithful to God is spoken of as if trustworthiness were a plant growing out of the ground. The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be stated as "loyal." AT: "Here on earth, we will be loyal to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# righteousness looks down from the sky + +The word "righteousness" is an abstract noun, and it is spoken of as a person looking down as God does. AT: "God will look on us from heaven and will act justly towards us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/085/012.md b/psa/085/012.md index bc8bb0339f..0ebb5a788a 100644 --- a/psa/085/012.md +++ b/psa/085/012.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Righteousness ## +# Righteousness will go before him and make a way for his footsteps -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +God doing what is right everywhere he goes is spoken of as if righteousness were a person who goes ahead of God and prepares a path for God to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## his footsteps ## +# his footsteps -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "footsteps" represents where God walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/085/intro.md b/psa/085/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9528f11eca --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/085/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 085 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 85 is a worship psalm. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Blessings ##### +God has given so many blessings. If the people stop their sinning, then the land will be filled by the glory of God and his blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) + +##### Group Prayer ##### +Note how this psalm uses the plural to show that it is a group praying. +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 85:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../084/intro.md) | [>>](../086/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/086/001.md b/psa/086/001.md index e84d485d7f..d0573dcc62 100644 --- a/psa/086/001.md +++ b/psa/086/001.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## your servant ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -David refers to himself as "your servant," that is, God's servant. \ No newline at end of file +# poor and oppressed + +"weak and needy" + +# save your servant + +David refers to himself as "your servant," that is, God's servant. AT: "save me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/086/003.md b/psa/086/003.md index 987e3bd126..6c9716ab89 100644 --- a/psa/086/003.md +++ b/psa/086/003.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## all day long ## +# all day long -"continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an exaggeration. David cries out continually, but not literally at all times from dawn to dusk. AT: "continually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# Make your servant glad + +David refers to himself as "your servant," that is, God's servant. AT: "Make me, your servant" or "Make me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/086/005.md b/psa/086/005.md index 1e61991ebb..98c0eee586 100644 --- a/psa/086/005.md +++ b/psa/086/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## In the day of my trouble ## +# In the day of my trouble -"During my times of difficulty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"During my times of difficulty" -## I call on you, ## +# I call on you -"I pray to you," \ No newline at end of file +"I pray to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/086/008.md b/psa/086/008.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c1ac457364 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/086/008.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# among the gods + +The writer is not acknowledging these other gods exist. He is referring to false gods that people from other nations worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# All the nations + +Here "the nations" represent the people. AT: "The people from all nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They will honor your name + +Here "name" represents the whole person. AT: "They will honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/086/010.md b/psa/086/010.md index c22f35f94b..c22d42fab6 100644 --- a/psa/086/010.md +++ b/psa/086/010.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## wonderful things ## +# wonderful things "very good things that amaze me" -## you only are God ## +# you only are God -"you are the only God." +"you are the only God" -## walk in your truth ## +# Teach me your ways, Yahweh. Then I will walk in your truth -"act according to the true things that you say at all times" +A person who obeys what God wants is spoken of as if he were walking on God's way or road. AT: "Teach me your truth, Yahweh. Then I will obey what you say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## with my whole heart ## +# Unite my heart to reverence you -"with my whole being" \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" represents a person's thoughts, emotions, and motives. Asking God to cause a person to respect him completely is spoken of as if the person's heart were in many pieces and that God unites them together. AT: "Cause me to respect you sincerely with all my heart" or "Cause me to respect you sincerely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will praise you with my whole heart + +Here "heart" represents a person's thoughts, emotions, and motives. AT: "I will praise you completely and sincerely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will glorify your name + +Here "name" represents the whole person. AT: "I will glorify you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/086/013.md b/psa/086/013.md index f5ea588664..fff2dada12 100644 --- a/psa/086/013.md +++ b/psa/086/013.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## have risen up against me. ## +# For great is your covenant faithfulness toward me -"are coming together to harm me." \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "For you are very faithful to me because of your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you have rescued my life from the depths of Sheol + +This does not mean God brought him back to life after he died. It means God saved him when he was about to die. + +# the arrogant + +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "arrogant people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# have risen up against me + +"are coming together to harm me" + +# seek my life + +This is a way of saying they want to kill him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/086/015.md b/psa/086/015.md index b8a4f6851e..f65d96ce22 100644 --- a/psa/086/015.md +++ b/psa/086/015.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## abundant in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness. ## +# and abundant in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness -"constantly showing yourself to be faithful and trustworthy." +God constantly being faithful and trustworthy is spoken of as if faithfulness and trustworthiness were objects of which God has a large quantity. The two abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives. AT: "always faithful to your covenant and very worthy of people trusting you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Turn toward me ## +# Turn toward me -"Show yourself to me" +Asking God to consider him is spoken of as if he wanted God to turn and look at him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## give your strength to your servant; save the son of your servant woman. ## +# give your strength to your servant -David refers to himself as "your servant" and "the son of your servant woman." AT: "Strengthen and save me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as a verb or an adjective. AT: "strengthen your servant" or "make your servant strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your servant ... the son of your servant woman + +The writer is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# be put to shame + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/086/intro.md b/psa/086/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc825b7c1c --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/086/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 086 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 86 is a deliverance psalm. He is praying for deliverance from his many enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +God has blessed the psalmist and is so loving to him. He has been one of God's servants. Now he needs God to save him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 86:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../085/intro.md) | [>>](../087/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/087/001.md b/psa/087/001.md index bb91bb9edc..eb1f9439e4 100644 --- a/psa/087/001.md +++ b/psa/087/001.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## A psalm of the sons of Korah; a song ## +# General Information: -"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote." +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## The Lord's city ## +# A psalm of the sons of Korah; a song -This refers to Jerusalem. +"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote" -## established ## +# gates of Zion -The Lord built this city on the holy mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "gates of Zion" represents the entire city of Jerusalem. AT: "city of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## gates of Zion ## +# all the tents of Jacob -"city of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The people lived in tents while they wandered in the desert. Here the writer uses "tents of Jacob" to represent where the Israelites live now. AT: "any of the other dwelling places of the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## tents of Jacob. ## +# Glorious things are said of you, city of God -The people lived in tents while they wandered in the desert. Now the writer uses that idea to describe where they live. AT: "dwelling places of the Israelites." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks to the city of Jerusalem as if it were listening to him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You people in Jerusalem, other people say wonderful things about your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/087/004.md b/psa/087/004.md index 0773d8a02a..ad3028593a 100644 --- a/psa/087/004.md +++ b/psa/087/004.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## I mention ## +# I mention -"I tell about" +"I tell about." Here "I" refers to Yahweh. -## to my followers. ## +# Rahab and Babylon -"to those who worship God." +Here "Rahab" is a poetic way of referring to Egypt. Both "Rahab" and "Babylon" represent the people. AT: "the people of Egypt and Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Rahab ## +# to my followers -This is a name that is sometimes used to refer to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"to those who worship me" -## This one was born there. ## +# Philistia, and Tyre, along with Cush -"This one" refers to the nations the writer mentions. Although they were not physically born in Zion, those who follow God are natives of Jerusalem spiritually. \ No newline at end of file +The names of these nations represent the people. AT: people from Philistia and Tyre, along with people from Cush" + +# This one was born there + +"This one" refers to the people from the nations that the writer mentions. Although they were not physically born in Zion, those who follow God are natives of Jerusalem spiritually. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/087/005.md b/psa/087/005.md index 08a85186f9..134d49ac8a 100644 --- a/psa/087/005.md +++ b/psa/087/005.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## these were born in her ## +# Of Zion it will be said -AT: "these had their beginning in Zion" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will say about Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the Most High himself ## +# Each of these was born in her -The writer uses a reflexive pronoun to emphasize that it is the Most High who is doing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) +People from other nations that worship Yahweh are spoken of as if they were born in Jerusalem. AT: "It is as though all of these people were born in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Yahweh notes ## +# in her -"Yahweh counts" or "Yahweh pays special attention" +It was common to refer to cities as "her." AT: "in Jerusalem" or "in Zion" -## This one was born there. ## +# the Most High himself -See the Translation Note for verse 4. (God knows those who belong to him.) \ No newline at end of file +The writer uses the reflexive pronoun "himself" to emphasize that it is the Most High who is doing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# will establish her + +"will make Jerusalem strong" + +# Yahweh writes in the census book of the nations + +Yahweh acknowledging that the people from other nations belong to him is spoken of as if he were a king writing down the names of the people who live in his city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# This one was born there + +"This one" refers to the people from the nations that the writer mentions. Although they were not physically born in Zion, those who follow God are natives of Jerusalem spiritually. See how you translated this in [Psalms 87:4](./004.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/087/007.md b/psa/087/007.md index 0e9a412a99..29b28ec239 100644 --- a/psa/087/007.md +++ b/psa/087/007.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -We think the UDB makes the ULB clear. \ No newline at end of file +# All my fountains are in you + +Jerusalem being a place where people receive all their blessings is spoken of as if Jerusalem were a spring that provided water to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/087/intro.md b/psa/087/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3b722d687e --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/087/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Psalm 087 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 87 is a psalm about Jerusalem. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Pride ##### +People will be proud to have been born in Jerusalem. + +##### Psalms about Jerusalem ##### + +Psalm 46, 48, and 76 are part of a group of psalms that celebrate Jerusalem. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 87:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../086/intro.md) | [>>](../088/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/001.md b/psa/088/001.md index cf4c98e857..ea1f2f5e04 100644 --- a/psa/088/001.md +++ b/psa/088/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A song, a psalm of the sons of Korah; ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote;" +# A song, a psalm of the sons of Korah -## for the chief musician; ## +"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote" -"this is for the director of music to use in worship;" +# for the chief musician -## set to the Mahalath Leannoth style ## +"this is for the director of music to use in worship" -This may refer to a style of music. +# set to the Mahalath Leannoth style -## A maschil ## +This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). \ No newline at end of file +# A maschil + +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). + +# Heman + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the Ezrahite + +This is the name of a people group. It may refer to a son or descendant of Zerah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# God of my salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "you are the one who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# day and night + +The writer uses these words with opposite meanings to say that he cries out continually. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/003.md b/psa/088/003.md index 436877491c..2f3c26d62a 100644 --- a/psa/088/003.md +++ b/psa/088/003.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## like those who go down into the pit ## +# For I am filled with troubles -AT: "as they treat those who are about to die" \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of himself as if he were a container and troubles are the contents that fill the container. AT: "For I am very troubled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my life has reached Sheol + +Here "life" represents the writer. And "Sheol" represents death. The writer speaks about himself possibly dying soon as if Sheol were a place and he has arrived at that place. AT: "I am about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# People treat me like those who go down into the pit + +The word "pit" means the same as "Sheol." The phrase "go down into the pit" represents dying. AT: "people treat me like I have already died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/005.md b/psa/088/005.md index 9206de82ac..3145d32a48 100644 --- a/psa/088/005.md +++ b/psa/088/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## I am abandoned among the dead ## +# I am abandoned among the dead -AT: I am left alone as if I were dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +People treating the writer as if he were already dead is spoken of as if he were a corpse that they left unburied. AT: I am left alone as if I were dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## about whom you care no more ## +# I am like the dead who lie in the grave -AT: "who no longer receive your care" or "people you have stopped caring about" \ No newline at end of file +The writer feeling like people and God have abandoned him speaks about himself as if he were already a dead person lying in a grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the dead who lie + +The nominal adjective "the dead" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "a dead person who lies" or "dead people who lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# about whom you care no more + +"who no longer receive your care" or "people you have stopped caring about" + +# they are cut off from your power + +God no longer using his power to help dead people is spoken of as if God literally cut him off or removed him from his power. AT: "you no longer use your power to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# You place me in the lowest part of the pit, in the dark and deep places + +The writer feeling like God has abandoned him speaks about himself as if God has put the him in the deepest and darkest grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/007.md b/psa/088/007.md index 471c25f68d..e6ed3729cd 100644 --- a/psa/088/007.md +++ b/psa/088/007.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Your wrath lies heavy on me ## +# Your wrath lies heavy on me -AT: "I feel your great anger" or "I feel how very angry you are with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks about God being very angry with the writer as if God's wrath were a heavy object lying on top of the writer. AT: "I feel your great anger" or "I feel how very angry you are with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all your waves crash over me + +This speaks about God being very angry with the writer as if God's anger were large waves rising up from the sea then landing on the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/008.md b/psa/088/008.md index b77de5909b..10808622a9 100644 --- a/psa/088/008.md +++ b/psa/088/008.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## my acquaintances ## +# my acquaintances "those who know me" -## You have made me a shocking sight to them ## +# You have made me a shocking sight to them -AT: "You have made me a disgusting sight to them" or "Because of you, they are shocked when they see me" +"You have made me a disgusting sight to them" or "Because of you, they are shocked when they see me" -## I am hemmed in ## +# I am hemmed in -"I am surrounded" \ No newline at end of file +The writer's physical condition that makes him repulsive to his friends is spoken of as if he were in closed into a confining space. AT: "It is as though I were in a prison" or "I am trapped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/009.md b/psa/088/009.md index 3aa4b01e3e..95b6a4a3a7 100644 --- a/psa/088/009.md +++ b/psa/088/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## weary ## +# My eyes grow weary from trouble -"tired" +Here "eyes" represents a person's ability to see. For his eyes to grow weary from trouble is a way of saying that he his troubles cause him to cry so much that it is hard for him to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I spread out my hands to you ## +# I spread out my hands to you -"I lift up my hands to you." This is an action that shows that he totally depends on God. +"I lift up my hands to you." This is an action that shows that he totally depends on God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## Will you do wonders for the dead? ## +# Will you do wonders for the dead? -"You do not do wonders for dead people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The writer uses a question to emphasize that if God lets him die then God will no longer be able to do wonderful things for him. AT: "You do not do wonders for dead people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Will those who have died rise and praise you? ## +# Will those who have died rise and praise you? -"You know that those who have died will not stand up and praise you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer uses a question to emphasize that if God lets him die then he will not be able to praise God any longer. AT: "You know that those who have died will not stand up and praise you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/011.md b/psa/088/011.md index 6af0a036d6..fb16336c44 100644 --- a/psa/088/011.md +++ b/psa/088/011.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Will your covenant faithfulness be proclaimed in the grave, your loyalty in the place of the dead? ## +# Will your covenant faithfulness be proclaimed in the grave, your loyalty in the place of the dead? -AT: "Nobody will proclaim your covenant faithfulness or loyalty from the grave." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] ) +Both questions mean the same thing. The writer uses questions to emphasize that a dead person is not able to praise God's faithfulness. The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "loyalty" can be translated as adjectives. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Nobody will proclaim your covenant faithfulness or loyalty from the grave." or "Nobody will proclaim from the grave that you are faithful to your covenant and loyal to your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## your loyalty in the place of the dead? ## +# the grave ... the place of the dead ... in the darkness ... the place of forgetfulness -This can be translated as a separate sentence. "Will your loyalty be proclaimed in the place of the dead?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +All of these represent the place where people go after they die. -## Will your wonderful deeds be known in the darkness, or your righteousness in the place of forgetfulness? ## +# your loyalty in the place of the dead? -AT: "People will not talk about your wonderful deeds and righteousness in the dark place of the forgotten dead." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This can be translated as a separate sentence. AT: "Will your loyalty be proclaimed in the place of the dead?" or "Those who are dead will not proclaim your loyalty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## or your righteousness in the place of forgetfulness? ## +# Will your wonderful deeds be known in the darkness, or your righteousness in the place of forgetfulness? -This can be translated as a separate sentence. "Will your righteousness be known in the place of forgetfulness?" or "Those who are in the place of forgetfulness will not know about the righteous things you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and )) \ No newline at end of file +Both questions mean the same thing. The writer uses questions to emphasize that those who are dead are not able to experience or proclaim the great things God does. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will not talk about your wonderful deeds and righteousness in the dark place of the forgotten dead." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# or your righteousness in the place of forgetfulness? + +This can be translated as a separate sentence. AT: "Will your righteousness be known in the place of forgetfulness?" or "Those who are in the place of forgetfulness will not know about the righteous things you do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/013.md b/psa/088/013.md index b9cdcbedf4..b5c905d280 100644 --- a/psa/088/013.md +++ b/psa/088/013.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# my prayer comes before you + +The writer praying to Yahweh is spoken of as if the prayer itself goes to speak with Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Why do you hide your face from me? + +This speaks of the writer feeling like God has rejected or abandoned him as if God were hiding his face or physically turning away from the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/015.md b/psa/088/015.md index 208e933ac7..bfe8c06b4f 100644 --- a/psa/088/015.md +++ b/psa/088/015.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## I have always been afflicted and on the verge of death ## +# Your angry actions have passed over me -AT: "I have constantly felt afflicted and close to dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +This speaks of God punishing the writer as if God's actions are a large wave rising out of the sea that fall on and crush the writer. AT: "It is as if your angry actions crush me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I can do nothing ## +# your terrifying deeds have annihilated me -AT: "I am in despair" - -## Your angry actions have passed over me ## - -AT: "What you do to because of your anger crushes me" or "It is as if your angry actions crush me" - -## your terrifying deeds have annihilated me ## - -AT: "the terrifying things you do have destroyed me" or "The terrifying things you do have almost destroyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This exaggeration speaks about God punishing the writer as if God has completely destroyed the writer. AT: "the terrifying things you do have destroyed me" or "the terrifying things you do have almost destroyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/017.md b/psa/088/017.md index c1bb0cc104..204f5e6a0f 100644 --- a/psa/088/017.md +++ b/psa/088/017.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## They ## +# They surround me like water all the day long -The word "They" refers to God's terrifying acts of anger. +The writer compares God's "angry actions" and "terrifying deeds" to a flood of water. AT: "All day long they threaten to destroy me like a flood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## They surround me like water all the day long ## +# They -AT: "All day long they threaten to destroy me like a flood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The word "They" refers to God's "angry actions" and "terrifying deeds" from the previous verse. -## they have all encircled me ## +# they have all encircled me -AT: "They have surrounded me like enemy soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of God's "angry actions" and "terrifying deeds" as if they were enemies who were trying to capture and kill him. AT: "they have surrounded me like enemy soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## every friend and acquaintance ## +# every friend and acquaintance -AT: "every person I love, or even know slightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"every person I love and know" -## My only acquaintance is the darkness ## +# My only acquaintance is the darkness -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +This speaks about darkness as if it were a person that could be friends with someone else. The writer is emphasizing that he feels completely alone. AT: "Everywhere I go it is dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/088/intro.md b/psa/088/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ecb582e0cd --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/088/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 088 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 88 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Abandon ##### +Ever since he was a child, the psalmist has been sick, and now all his friends have abandoned him. If he dies he cannot testify about God's healing. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 88:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../087/intro.md) | [>>](../089/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/001.md b/psa/089/001.md index 26ebc0de9a..21192a2f93 100644 --- a/psa/089/001.md +++ b/psa/089/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A maschil ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). +# A maschil -## Ethan the Ezrahite ## +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). -The name of the writer and his clan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Ethan -## covenant faithfulness ## +This is the name of the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -"promises of faithful love" \ No newline at end of file +# the Ezrahite + +This is the name of a people group. It may refer to a son or descendant of Zerah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# acts of covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "faithful acts" or "loving acts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Covenant faithfulness has been established forever + +God always doing what he promised to do is spoken of as if his faithfulness were a building that God has built and made firm. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will always be faithful because of your covenant with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your truthfulness you have established in the heavens + +God always doing what he promised to do is spoken of as if his faithfulness were a building that God has built and made firm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the heavens + +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to God's dwelling place. This would mean God rules from heaven and he always does what he promises or 2) this refers to the sky. This would mean that God's promises are as constant and permanent as the sky . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/003.md b/psa/089/003.md index 29a124fe95..fea0b39fd5 100644 --- a/psa/089/003.md +++ b/psa/089/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## "I have made a covenant with my chosen one, ## +# I have made a covenant with my chosen one -AT: "I made a promise to David, the one I chose," +You can make explicit that "chosen one" refers to David. AT: "I made a promise to David, the one I chose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## establish your throne ## +# I have made -God is promising that there will always be a ruler from the house of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is speaking in 89:3-4. + +# I will establish your descendants forever + +Yahweh always causing one of David's descendants to be king is spoken of as if David's descendants are a building that Yahweh will build and make firm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will establish your throne through all generations + +Here "throne" represents the power to rule as king. The psalmist speaks of God promising that one of David's descendants will always rule as king as if God will build David's throne and make it firm. AT: "I will make sure that one of your descendants will rule as king over every generation of my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/005.md b/psa/089/005.md index e120ffb055..48c3e7b94f 100644 --- a/psa/089/005.md +++ b/psa/089/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## your truthfulness is praised in the assembly of the holy ones. ## +# The heavens praise -AT: "The assembly of the holy ones praises your truthfulness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "heavens" represents those who are in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## For who in the skies can be compared to Yahweh? Who among the sons of the gods is like Yahweh? ## +# praise your wonders, Yahweh -The writer is saying that there is no one in heaven or on earth like Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"praise you, Yahweh, because of the wonderful things you do" + +# your truthfulness is praised in the assembly of the holy ones + +The abstract noun "truthfulness" can be stated as "you always do what you promise to do." This can also be stated in active form. AT: "The assembly of the holy ones praises you because you always do what you promise to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the assembly of the holy ones + +This refers to the angels in heaven. + +# For who in the skies can be compared to Yahweh? Who among the sons of the gods is like Yahweh? + +Both questions mean the same thing. The writer is using question to emphasize that there in no one in heaven like Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# sons of the gods + +Here "sons of" means having the characteristics of. This is a way of referring to other spiritual beings that live in heaven. AT: "angels" or "divine beings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/007.md b/psa/089/007.md index 5c92cc78c1..b8b237e990 100644 --- a/psa/089/007.md +++ b/psa/089/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the council of the holy ones ## +# He is a God who is greatly honored in the council of the holy ones -AT: "the gathering of heavenly beings" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The council of the holy ones greatly honors God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## who is strong like you, Yahweh? ## +# the council of the holy ones -The writer asks the question to emphasize there is no one like Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"the gathering of heavenly beings" or "the gathering of angels" -## Your truthfulness surrounds you. ## +# who is strong like you, Yahweh? -AT: "Your faithfulness surrounds you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer asks the question to emphasize there is no one as strong as Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Your truthfulness surrounds you + +Yahweh always dong what he promises to do is spoken of as if his truthfulness were a cloak or garment that wraps around him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/009.md b/psa/089/009.md index 94bf3f7818..f29616ba42 100644 --- a/psa/089/009.md +++ b/psa/089/009.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## You crushed Rahab as one who is killed. ## +# You rule the raging sea -"Rahab" is another word for "Egypt." AT: "You crushed proud Egypt almost to death." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"You control the raging sea" -## with your strong arm. ## +# You crushed Rahab as one who is killed -AT: "with your great power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "Rahab" here refers to a monster of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# with your strong arm + +Here "arm" represents power. AT: "with your great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/011.md b/psa/089/011.md index 9c9923f3cf..1ac9a4564e 100644 --- a/psa/089/011.md +++ b/psa/089/011.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Tabor and Hermon rejoice in your name. ## +# the north and the south -Tabor is a mountain on the west side of Israel and Hermon is a mountain on the east side. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer uses the words "north" and "south" together to mean that God created everything everywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Tabor and Hermon rejoice in your name + +Tabor is a mountain southwest of the sea of Galilee and Hermon is a mountain northeast of the sea of Galilee. The writer describes these mountains as if they were persons who could rejoice. AT: "It is as if Mount Tabor and Mount Hermon were rejoicing in your name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# in your name + +Here "name" represents the whole person. AT: "in you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/013.md b/psa/089/013.md index 6d0f843fe3..4d24a420fc 100644 --- a/psa/089/013.md +++ b/psa/089/013.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## You have a mighty arm and a strong hand, and your right hand is high. ## +# You have a mighty arm and a strong hand, and your right hand is high -God, who is a spirit, is described as if he has a physical body and is very mighty, strong and powerful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The words "mighty arm," "strong hand," and "right hand" all represent God's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Righteousness and justice ## +# right hand is high -These writer compares these ideas to a foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +To raise the right hand high into the air is a gesture that indicates power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## throne ## +# Righteousness and justice are the foundation of your throne -The throne is a symbol of God's rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +God ruling as king and doing what is right and just is spoken of as if God's throne were a building, and righteousness and justice were its foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your throne + +The throne represents God's rule as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness come before you + +God always being faithful and doing what he promises to do is spoken of as if covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness come and meet with God. The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives. AT: "You are always faithful to your covenant and are worthy of people trusting you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/015.md b/psa/089/015.md index e38d3d81dc..48ec590be5 100644 --- a/psa/089/015.md +++ b/psa/089/015.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Blessed are the people who worship you! ## +# who worship you -AT: "Blessed are the people who worship you with joyful shouts!" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "worship" implies shouting and blowing horns. These were common acts of worship during Israelite festivals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they walk + +Here people living their lives is spoken of as if they were walking. AT: "they live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the light of your face + +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh's face shone a light on them. AT: "knowing that you act favorably towards them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in your name + +Here "name" represents the person. AT: "in you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in your righteousness they exalt you + +The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "they exalt you because you always do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/017.md b/psa/089/017.md index 5fb8bb928e..c036688fa5 100644 --- a/psa/089/017.md +++ b/psa/089/017.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## For our shield belongs to Yahweh; ## +# You are their majestic strength -The Bible refers to God as a protective shield for his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "You make them wonderfully strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# You are their + +Here "their" refers to the Israelites. The writer would have included himself as a member of the Israelites. AT: "You are our" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# we are victorious + +Here "we" refers to the writer and the Israelites but not to Yahweh, to whom he speaks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# For our shield belongs to Yahweh + +The king who protects his people and whom Yahweh chose is spoken of as if he were a shield that belongs to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/019.md b/psa/089/019.md index 211ee29321..5cfc81c2b4 100644 --- a/psa/089/019.md +++ b/psa/089/019.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + The writer assumes that the reader knows the history of how David became the chosen king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## My hand will support him; my arm will strengthen him. ## +# I have set a crown on a mighty one -"Hand" and "arm" both means the power and control of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +To place a crown on a person's head is a sign of making him king. AT: "I have made a mighty man king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## son of wickedness ## +# set a crown on a mighty one -The writer refers to those who have the nature or character of wickedness as "sons of wickedness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Some Bible translations have "given strength to a mighty one" or "helped a mighty one." + +# I have raised up one chosen from among the people + +Here "raised up" means appointed. It is implied that God chose this person to be king. AT: "I have chosen one from among the people to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# with my holy oil have I anointed him + +Here to pour oil on someone's head is a sign that God is appointing the person to be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# My hand will support him; my arm will strengthen him + +Here "hand" and "arm" both means the power and control of Yahweh. AT: "I will support him and make him strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# son of wickedness + +The writer refers to those who have the nature or character of wickedness as "sons of wickedness." AT: "wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/024.md b/psa/089/024.md index ac4430675c..a7dff5b2d2 100644 --- a/psa/089/024.md +++ b/psa/089/024.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## by my name he will be victorious. ## +# Connecting Statement: -"by my name" means the reputation of Yahweh. AT: "I, God, will bring you victory." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh continues speaking about David. -## I will place his hand over the sea and his right hand over the rivers. ## +# My truth and my covenant faithfulness will be with him -The second line adds emphasis to the first one. AT: "I will give him authority over the sea and the rivers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +God always being loyal and doing what he promises for David is spoken of as if truth and faithfulness were objects that would be with David. The abstract nouns "truth" and "faithfulness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "I will always be truthful with him and I will always act faithfully towards him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## the rock of my salvation ## +# by my name he will be victorious -The writer is saying that God is as strong and solid as a rock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" represents God' power. AT: "I, God, will cause him to be victorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will place his hand over the sea and his right hand over the rivers + +Here "hand" and "right hand" represent power and authority. Here "the sea" seems to refer to the Mediterranean Sea west of Israel, and "rivers" refers to the Euphrates river in the east. This means David will have authority over everything from the sea to the river. AT: "I will give him authority over everything from the Mediterranean sea to the Euphrates river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# He will call out to me, 'You are my Father, my God, and the rock of my salvation.' + +This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "He will say that I am his Father, his God, and the rock of his salvation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# the rock of my salvation + +Yahweh protecting and saving David is spoken of as if Yahweh were a high rock that David could stand on top of for protection from enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/027.md b/psa/089/027.md index eb0372c43e..4e9781149d 100644 --- a/psa/089/027.md +++ b/psa/089/027.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## his throne ## +# Connecting Statement: -This refers to David's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh continues speaking about David. + +# I also will place him as my firstborn son + +Yahweh giving David special rank and privileges over all other people is spoken of as if David would be Yahweh's firstborn son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will extend my covenant faithfulness to him forever + +Yahweh speaks of continuing to act faithfully towards David is spoken of as if Yahweh's covenant faithfulness were an object that he extends or makes longer. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adverb. AT: "I will continue to act faithfully towards him forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his throne as enduring as the skies above + +Someone from David's family always ruling as king is spoken of as if his his throne would last as long as the sky will last. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# his throne + +Here "throne" represents the power to rule as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/030.md b/psa/089/030.md index 31888df314..d34d1f1836 100644 --- a/psa/089/030.md +++ b/psa/089/030.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## his children ## +# his children -"David's descendants" or "God's people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file +"David's descendants" + +# punish their rebellion with a rod + +God punishing David's descendants is spoken of as if he would hit them with a rod. The abstract noun "rebellion" can be stated as a verb. AT: "punish them for rebelling against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# their iniquity with blows + +God punishing David's descendants is spoken of as if God would literally hit them. This can be stated as a complete sentence. AT: "I will punish them because they sinned against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/033.md b/psa/089/033.md index ce39310e1d..1199d86b3e 100644 --- a/psa/089/033.md +++ b/psa/089/033.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## him ## +# I will not remove my steadfast love from him or be unfaithful to my promise -"David" or "David or his descendants". (See verses 35-36.) +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I will always love David, and I will do what I promised to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## the words of my lips ## +# the words of my lips -"Lips" represent the whole mouth and the speaking that comes from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "lips" represent the whole mouth and the person speaking. AT: "what I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/035.md b/psa/089/035.md index a6ed0945d3..a857fc5fa5 100644 --- a/psa/089/035.md +++ b/psa/089/035.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## his throne ## +# I have sworn by my holiness -This refers to David's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]). +Yahweh uses his holiness as the basis for his oath. This is a way of guaranteeing that he definitely do what he promises to do. -## forever like the moon ## +# his throne as long as the sun before me -"to last forever like the moon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The words "will continue" are understood. AT: "his throne will continue as long as the sun before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## the moon, the faithful witness in the sky ## +# his throne -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "throne" represents the power to rule as king. God is promising that one of David's descendants will always be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# as long as the sun before me + +God compares David's rule as king to the sun to emphasize that someone from David's descendants will always rule as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# It will be established forever + +Here "It" stands for David's throne or power to rule as king. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will cause it to last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# forever like the moon + +God compares David's rule as king to the moon to emphasize that someone from David's descendants will always rule as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the moon, the faithful witness in the sky + +The moon is spoken of as if it were a person who witnesses God making this promise to David. AT: "the moon, which is like a faithful witness in the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/038.md b/psa/089/038.md index 83818c772d..138c2017db 100644 --- a/psa/089/038.md +++ b/psa/089/038.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## You have renounced the covenant ## +# you have refused and rejected -AT: "You have rejected the covenant" +The words "the king" are understood. AT: "you have refused and rejected the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## You have desecrated his crown on the ground. ## +# with your anointed king -AT: "You have defiled his crown on the ground." To push down into the ground or dust is a sign of great humiliation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"with the king you chose" + +# You have renounced the covenant + +"You have rejected the covenant" + +# You have desecrated his crown on the ground + +To push down into the ground or dust is a sign of great humiliation. AT: "You have defiled his crown on the ground" or "You have caused his crown to fall into the dirt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# his crown + +This represents the king's power as king and his right to rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# You have broken down all his walls. You have ruined his strongholds + +This implies that God allowed enemies to destroy the defenses at Jerusalem. AT: "You have allowed enemies to break down his walls and ruin his strongholds in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/041.md b/psa/089/041.md index ce96f33d62..fb2454b9fe 100644 --- a/psa/089/041.md +++ b/psa/089/041.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## All who pass by ## +# to his neighbors -He feels like everyone who passed by has robbed him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here "neighbors" means people of nearby nations. -## raised the right hand of his enemies ## +# raised the right hand of his enemies -To "raise the right hand" means that Yahweh adds to the strength and control of his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "right hand" represents power. To "raise the right hand" means that Yahweh has made his enemies strong enough to defeat God's chosen king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## turn back the edge of the sword ## +# turn back the edge of his sword -Yahweh weakens his efforts in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "sword" represents the king's power in battle. To turn the sword back represents making the king unable to win in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the edge of his sword + +Here "edge" represents the whole sword. AT: "his sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# have not made him stand when in battle + +Here "stand" represents being victorious in battle. AT: "You have not helped him to be victorious in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/044.md b/psa/089/044.md index b4ad09aa0a..42fb7cdcb2 100644 --- a/psa/089/044.md +++ b/psa/089/044.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## you have brought down his throne to the ground. ## +# you have brought down his throne to the ground -AT: "You, Yahweh, have ended his reign in humiliation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "throne" represents the power to rule as king. AT: "you, Yahweh, have ended his reign as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## shortened the days of his youth. ## +# You have shortened the days of his youth -AT: "caused him to decline quickly." +This is a way of saying God made the king seem old even while he was still young. AT: "Even while he is young you have made him weak like an old man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## covered him with shame ## +# covered him with shame -Yahweh has brought the king to complete humiliation and embarrassment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh completely humiliating the king is spoken of as if shame were a garment that God used to cover the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/046.md b/psa/089/046.md index fb0da1be52..07f101fbef 100644 --- a/psa/089/046.md +++ b/psa/089/046.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Will you hide yourself ## +# How long, Yahweh? Will you hide yourself, forever? -"Hide yourself" means that Yahweh withholds his presence and help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer uses these questions to emphasize that he does not want God to continue to refuse the king. AT: "Please, Yahweh, do not refuse to help the king forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## anger burn like fire ## +# Will you hide yourself -The writer compares extreme anger to a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +God not helping the king is spoken of as if God were hiding from him. AT: "Will you refuse to help the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the sons of men ## +# How long will your anger burn like fire? -"people and their descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The writer uses a question to emphasize that he does not want God to remain angry. AT: "Please do not continue being angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Who can live and not die or rescue his own life from the power of sheol? ## +# your anger burn like fire -The writer assumes the readers know that no one can do so. He asked this for emphasis. AT: "Who can live forever, or rescue his own soul from death?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +God being very angry is spoken of as if his anger were a hot fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# for what uselessness you have created all the children of mankind + +The abstract noun "uselessness" can be stated as "uselessly." AT: "that you have created all people to die uselessly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the children of mankind + +This refers to humans in general. AT: "humans" or "people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) + +# Who can live and not die, or rescue his own life from the hand of Sheol? + +The writer uses these questions to emphasize that all people will die. AT: "No one can live forever or bring himself back to life after dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# rescue his own life from the hand of Sheol + +Here "hand" refers to power. The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. Possible meanings are 1) a person cannot bring himself back to life after dying or 2) a person cannot keep himself from dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/049.md b/psa/089/049.md index 16e456e013..ec159ca554 100644 --- a/psa/089/049.md +++ b/psa/089/049.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## call to mind ## +# Lord, where are your former acts of covenant faithfulness that you swore to David in your truthfulness? -The writer asks Yahweh to bring this up in his memory. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The writer uses a question to request the Lord to be faithful to his covenant with David. AT: "Lord, be faithful to your covenant with David as you have been in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## bear in my heart ## +# your former acts of covenant faithfulness -AT: "carry the burden in my feelings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The abstract nouns "acts" and "faithfulness" can be translated with a verb and an adverb. AT: "the things that you did before that showed that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## hurl ## +# Call to mind -This means to throw violently. Here to say or shout something loudly, such as the insults of the enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer asks Yahweh to bring this up in his memory. AT: "Remember" or "Consider" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the footsteps ## +# the mocking directed against your servants -The writer compares the steps of the king to the choices and movements he makes in governing the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "your servants" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "how they mock us, your servants" + +# how I bear in my heart so many insults from the nations + +Here "heart" represents the person's emotions. AT: "I endure so many insults from the people of the nations" or "I suffer because the people from the nations insult me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from the nations + +Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Your enemies hurl insults + +The enemies shouting insults at the king is spoken of as if insults were an object that the enemies throw violently at the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they mock the footsteps of your anointed one + +Here "footsteps" represents where the king goes. AT: "they mock your anointed one wherever he goes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/052.md b/psa/089/052.md index a54a9925bd..5190674e4c 100644 --- a/psa/089/052.md +++ b/psa/089/052.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Amen and amen ## +# General Information: -At the end of Book Three of the Psalms, the writer declares that "Thus it shall be" and repeats this for emphasis. \ No newline at end of file +This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 3 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 73 and ends with Psalm 89. + +# Blessed be Yahweh forever + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people praise Yahweh forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Amen and Amen + +The word "Amen" is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. See how you translated this in [Psalms 41:13](../041/013.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/089/intro.md b/psa/089/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..285c164b71 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/089/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Psalm 089 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 89 is a worship and a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's promises ##### +God is mighty and has promised David an eternal kingdom. But now that kingdom is being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) + +##### Parallelism ##### +This psalm exhibits the kind of parallelism where the second line often emphasizes the first line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 89:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../088/intro.md) | [>>](../090/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/001.md b/psa/090/001.md index a8171f116d..429a8d55b2 100644 --- a/psa/090/001.md +++ b/psa/090/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -See: talink Translating Poetry and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A prayer of Moses ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a prayer that Moses wrote.” +# A prayer of Moses -## Lord, you have been our refuge ## +"This is a prayer that Moses wrote" -AT: "Lord, you have been our shelter" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Lord, you have been our refuge -## throughout all generations - ## +God protecting his people is spoken of as if God were a refuge or shelter. AT: "Lord, you have been like a shelter for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -**"always" (UDB) +# throughout all generations -## formed - ## +"always" -** created or shaped +# Before the mountains were formed -## Before the mountains were formed ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Before you formed the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "Before you formed the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# formed + +"created" or "shaped" + +# the world + +This represents everything that is in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from everlasting to everlasting + +This phrase represents all time past, present, and future. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/003.md b/psa/090/003.md index 2a304f9b61..c8dc0f2baa 100644 --- a/psa/090/003.md +++ b/psa/090/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## You return man to dust ## +# You return man to dust -AT: "You return man to dust when he dies" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This implies that just as God created the first man, Adam, from the soil, God will cause people's bodies to turn back into soil after they die. AT: "You return people to dust when they die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## "Return, you descendants ## +# return man -AT: "Return to dust, you descendants" +Here "man" means people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -## a thousand years ## +# Return, you descendants -"1000 years" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +The words "to dust" or "to soil" are understood. AT: "Return to dust, you descendants" or "Return to soil, you descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## For a thousand years in your sight are as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night. ## +# you descendants of mankind -AT: "You see a thousand years the same as yesterday when it has passed by, or as a few short hours in the night." or "Even a thousand years is not a long time to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a way of referring to humans in general. AT: "you humans" or "you people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# For a thousand years in your sight are as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night + +The writer means that a long period of time seems like a short period of time to God. AT: "You consider a thousand years the same as one day in the past, or as a few short hours in the night" or "Even a thousand years is not a long time to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a thousand years + +"1,000 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# in your sight + +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/005.md b/psa/090/005.md index 429ca23d1b..27c03e6a4d 100644 --- a/psa/090/005.md +++ b/psa/090/005.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## You sweep them away as with a flood and they sleep; ## +# You sweep them away as with a flood and they sleep -AT: "Lord, you destroy the people as with a flood and they die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +God causing people to die suddenly is spoken of as if he swept them away with a broom. This sweeping is also spoken of as if it were a flood that carried people away. AT: "Lord, you destroy the people as with a flood and they die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## they are like the grass that sprouts up ## +# they sleep -Here, the people are being compared to grass that starts to grow because they both live for a short while. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This is a polite way of speaking of people dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## it blooms and grows up ## +# in the morning they are like the grass ... in the evening it withers and dries up -AT: "it begins to grow and develop" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The people are being compared to grass to emphasize that people do not live a very long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## evening ## +# it blooms and grows up -the early hours of the night +Both of these phrases refer to how the grass grows. AT: "it begins to grow and develop" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## it withers and dries up ## +# it withers and dries up -AT: "it fades and dries up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these phrases refer to how the grass dies. AT: "it fades and dries up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/007.md b/psa/090/007.md index 560d15203d..d637e64b0b 100644 --- a/psa/090/007.md +++ b/psa/090/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## we are consumed ## +# we are consumed in your anger -The word "we" here refers to God's people +God destroying people in his anger is spoken of as if God's anger were a fire that completely burns up the people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You destroy us in your anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and in your wrath we are terrified ## +# in your wrath we are terrified -AT: "and when you are angry we are greatly afraid" +"when you are angry we are greatly afraid" -## You have set our iniquities before you, our hidden sins in the light of your presence ## +# You have set our iniquities before you, our hidden sins in the light of your presence -AT: "You keep remembering even our secret sins." \ No newline at end of file +God considering people's sins is spoken of as if sins were an objects he could place in front of himself and look at them. AT: "You see every sinful thing we do, even the sinful things we do in secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/009.md b/psa/090/009.md index ca4ba8d058..e37231f929 100644 --- a/psa/090/009.md +++ b/psa/090/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## like a sigh ## +# Our life passes away under your wrath -AT: "like a long, loud breath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The word "because" can be used to make clear that God's wrath causes human life to end. AT: "Our lives come to an end because of your wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) -## seventy ## +# like a sigh + +The writer compares human life to a sigh to emphasize that life is very brief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# seventy "70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## eighty ## +# eighty "80" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## we fly away ## +# even our best years are marked by trouble and sorrow -AT: "we die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Even in our best years we experience trouble and sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we fly away + +This is a polite way of referring to people dying. AT: "we die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/011.md b/psa/090/011.md index bb224a1cf5..3e80753566 100644 --- a/psa/090/011.md +++ b/psa/090/011.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Who knows the intensity of your anger; your wrath matches the fear it inspires? ## +# Who knows the intensity of your anger, and your wrath that is equal to the fear of you? -AT: "Who knows the intensity of your anger, and your wrath that is equal to the fear it causes?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) or "no one knows the degree of your anger, and your rage that is equal to the fear it causes." +The writer uses a question to emphasize that no one has fully experienced God anger. Therefore no one truly reveres God and fears his anger when people sin. AT: "No one knows the intensity of your anger. Therefore no one fears your wrath when they sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Turn back, Yahweh! ## +# Turn back, Yahweh! How long will it be? -AT: "Turn back from your anger, Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Asking Yahweh to no longer be angry is spoken of as if the writer wants God to turn physically away from his anger. AT: "Yahweh, please do not be angry any longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## pity ## +# How long will it be? -"sympathy" \ No newline at end of file +The writer uses a question to state that he wants God to stop being angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Have pity on your servants + +Here "your servants" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "Be merciful to us, your servants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/014.md b/psa/090/014.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9c609ae940 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/090/014.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Satisfy us in the morning + +"Satisfy us every morning" + +# with your covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "by being faithful because of your covenant with us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in proportion to the days you afflicted us and to the years we have experienced trouble + +Both of these phrases mean the same thing. The writer is asking Yahweh to make them happy for the same amount of time he punished them. AT: "for the same amount of time that you afflicted us and caused us to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Let your servants + +Here "your servants" refer to the people of Israel. AT: "Let us, your servants" or "Let us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# let our children + +Here "children" means children and descendants. + +# see your majesty + +The abstract noun "majesty" can be stated as "great things." AT: "see the great things you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/017.md b/psa/090/017.md index 391a59ebc3..2dd56fef84 100644 --- a/psa/090/017.md +++ b/psa/090/017.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## prosper the work of our hands ## +# May the favor of the Lord our God be ours -AT: "cause us to be successful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "favor" can be stated as "be kind." AT: "May the Lord our God be kind to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# prosper the work of our hands + +Here "hands" represents the whole person. AT: "cause us to be successful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/090/intro.md b/psa/090/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7bb0ab9986 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/090/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 090 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm is a wisdom psalm. God is eternal but a human's life is short. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Life's shortness ##### +Because life is so short, people need to spend it as God wants them to spend it. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 90:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../089/intro.md) | [>>](../091/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/091/001.md b/psa/091/001.md index 0a589b9ef3..80f66827fc 100644 --- a/psa/091/001.md +++ b/psa/091/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -See: talink Translating Poetry and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## lives in the shelter of the Most High ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "is protected by the Most High" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# He who lives ... will stay ... of the Almighty -## I will say of Yahweh ## +Because "live" and "stay" mean almost the same thing, as do "shelter" and "shadow," which are both metaphors for protection, you may need to combine the two lines into one. AT: "The Most High, the Almighty, will care for all those who live where he can protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# who lives in the shelter of the Most High + +The word "shelter" is a metaphor for protection. AT: "who lives where the Most High protects him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Most High + +The words "the Most High" refer to Yahweh. See how this is translated in [Psalms 18:13](../018/013.md). + +# will stay in the shadow of the Almighty + +The word "shadow" here is a metaphor for protection. AT: "will stay where the Almighty can protect him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Almighty + +the one who has power and control over everything. See how this was translated in [Psalms 68:14](../068/014.md) + +# I will say of Yahweh "I will say about Yahweh" -## my shelter and my fortress ## +# my refuge and my fortress -The words "shelter" and "fortress" mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -## my God in whom I trust ## - -AT: "my God, who I trust" or "my God; I will trust him" \ No newline at end of file +A "refuge" is any place a person can go and have someone or something protect him. A "fortress" is something that people make so they can protect themselves and their property. Asaph uses them here as metaphors for protection. AT: "the one to whom I can go and he will protect me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/091/003.md b/psa/091/003.md index 62075ef28c..8d2c1fe0f8 100644 --- a/psa/091/003.md +++ b/psa/091/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## For he will rescue you from the snare of the hunter and from the deadly plague ## +# For he will rescue you from the snare of the hunter and from the deadly plague -AT: "For God will rescue you from the snare of the hunter and he will rescue you from the plagues that can kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The words that have been left out can be put in. AT: "For God will rescue you from the snare of the hunter and he will rescue you from the plagues that can kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## He will cover you with his wings ## +# the snare of the hunter -Here "wings" represent safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"from the snare that the hunter has set to catch you" -## His trustworthiness is a shield and protection ## +# He will cover you with his wings, and under his wings you will find refuge -AT: "His truthful promises are a protective shield." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +God's protection is here referred to as "wings" which a bird uses to cover its' young from danger. "Cover you with his wings" and "under his wings" mean basically the same thing. AT: "He will keep you safe and protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# His trustworthiness is a shield and protection + +God's trustworthiness is here referred to as a "shield" which can protect people who rely on him. The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be stated as "trust." AT: "You can trust him to protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# protection + +No one knows for sure what this word means. Possible meanings are 1) a small shield strapped to the forearm that soldiers used to defend themselves against arrows and swords or 2) a wall of stones set in a circle inside which soldiers could hide and shoot arrows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/091/005.md b/psa/091/005.md index 2163906258..9d46a2f319 100644 --- a/psa/091/005.md +++ b/psa/091/005.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## terror in the night ## +# terror in the night -Here, "terror" is given human abilities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The psalmist speaks of "terror" as if it were a spirit or fierce animal that could attack at night and so terrify people. AT: "things attacking you at night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## or of the plague ## +# in the night ... by day -AT: "You will not be afraid of the plague" +These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## plague that roams ## +# the arrow that flies by day -Plague is given here human abilities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"Arrow" is a metonym for the people who shoot the arrows. AT: "people attacking you with arrows during the day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## roam ## +# or of the plague that roams -go around without a plan +The psalmist speaks of illness as if it were a person who went about at night killing other people. AT: "You will not be afraid of dying from illness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## A thousand may fall at your side and ten thousand at your right hand ## +# roams -AT: "1000 people may fall at your side and 10,000 people may fall at your right hand," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +goes wherever he wants to go at any time -## it will not reach you ## +# in the darkness ... at noontime -AT: "the evil will not harm you." \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# disease + +an illness that makes many people ill at the same time + +# A thousand may fall at your side and ten thousand at your right hand + +"Many people may fall all around you." If translating the exact numbers confuses the readers, you may omit them. + +# it will not reach you + +"the evil will not harm you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/091/008.md b/psa/091/008.md index 4294478694..fccf369699 100644 --- a/psa/091/008.md +++ b/psa/091/008.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## For Yahweh is my refuge! ## +# You will only observe and see -AT: "Yahweh is my refuge! +"You yourself will not suffer, but you will watch carefully, and you will see" -## Make the Most High your refuge also ## +# the punishment of the wicked -AT: "You should make the Most High your refuge also." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "punishment" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "how God punishes the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Yahweh is my refuge + +The writer speaks of Yahweh protecting him as if Yahweh were a safe place for him to find protection from his enemies. AT: "Yahweh protects me, like a person finds protection in a place of refuge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Make the Most High your refuge also + +"You should make the Most High your refuge also." The psalmist stops speaking to God and speaks to the reader. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/091/010.md b/psa/091/010.md index a68f719758..c7c999d590 100644 --- a/psa/091/010.md +++ b/psa/091/010.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## overtake ## +# No evil will overtake you -come upon suddenly +The writer speaks of a person experiencing bad or evil things as if evil were a person who overtakes another person. AT: "Nothing evil will happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## For he will direct ## +# no affliction will come near your home -AT: "Yahweh will direct" \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist speaks of people who afflict others as though they were the harm they cause. AT: "no one will be able to harm your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For he will direct + +"Yahweh will command" + +# in all your ways + +The psalmist speaks of the way a person lives his life as if it were a path down which the person walked. AT: "in everything you do" or "at all times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/091/012.md b/psa/091/012.md index 1ecb391a82..2c90c767c2 100644 --- a/psa/091/012.md +++ b/psa/091/012.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## They will lift you ## +# They will lift you -AT: "Yahweh's angels will lift you" +"Yahweh's angels will lift you" -## You will crush lions and adders under your feet; you will trample young lions and serpents ## +# you will not hit your foot on a stone -The thought is repeated in slightly different words for emphasis. Lions and snake are examples of great dangers. AT: "You will be able to overcome great dangers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The angels will protect not only the reader's foot but the rest of his body as well. The words "not ... hit your foot on a stone" is an exaggerated metonym to say that not even small bad things will happen. This should probably not be taken as a promise that no bad things will ever happen again. AT: "you will not even hit your foot on a stone" or "not even the smallest bad thing will happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## adders ## +# You will crush lions and adders under your feet; you will trample on young lions and serpents + +Where "hit your foot on a stone" is a minor problem, lions and snake are examples of great dangers. The psalmist speaks of lions and snakes as if they were small enough to be crushed under a person's foot. AT: "You will be able kill lions and adders as if they were small animals you could crush under your feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# adders types of poisonous snake. -## trample ## +# trample crush by walking heavily on \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/091/014.md b/psa/091/014.md index 8071e28385..ccab6df768 100644 --- a/psa/091/014.md +++ b/psa/091/014.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Because he is devoted to me ## +# Because he is devoted to me -AT: "Because he loves me"" +"Because he loves me" -## I will give him victory and will honor him. ## +# I will be with him in trouble -AT: "I will give him victory and honor." \ No newline at end of file +This can be made explicit. AT: "I will be with him when he is in trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will give him victory + +The abstract noun "victory" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "I will cause him to be victorious" or "I will enable him to defeat his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# will satisfy him with long life + +The psalmist speaks of life as if it were something someone could eat. AT: "I will allow him to live a long and happy life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# show him my salvation + +"and I will show him my salvation." The psalmist speaks of the work God does to save people as if it were a physical object. AT: "I will save him so that he knows I am the one who saved him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/091/intro.md b/psa/091/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8c1e4e9c17 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/091/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 091 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 91 is a wisdom psalm. Those who depend on God are protected by him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fear ##### +No matter what dangers befall a person, they do not need to fear. God is protecting them from all harm. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 91:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../090/intro.md) | [>>](../092/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/092/001.md b/psa/092/001.md index 7233584ca5..55ee820d83 100644 --- a/psa/092/001.md +++ b/psa/092/001.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## to sing praises to your name ## +# General Information: -AT: "to sing praises to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# to sing praises to your name + +The words "your name" are a metonym for "you." AT: "to sing praises to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# proclaim your covenant faithfulness in the morning + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with the adjective "faithful." AT: "proclaim in the morning that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your truthfulness every night + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The abstract noun "truthfulness" can be translated with the adjective "true." AT: "proclaim every night that everything you say is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/092/004.md b/psa/092/004.md index 6461316d7d..7e8b2ce7c1 100644 --- a/psa/092/004.md +++ b/psa/092/004.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## glad ## +# glad "happy" -## the deeds of your hands ## +# through your deeds -AT: "what you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun phrase "your deeds" can be translated with the relative clause "what you have done." AT: "by what you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the deeds of your hands + +The abstract noun phrase "the deeds of your hands" can be translated with the relative clause "what your hands have done." The word "hands" is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "What you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# your deeds + +The abstract noun phrase "your deeds" can be translated with a relative clause. AT: "what you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Your thoughts are very deep + +"We cannot understand what you plan to do until you do it" + +# Your thoughts + +The abstract noun phrase "your thoughts" can be translated with a relative clause. AT: "What you think" or "What you plan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/092/006.md b/psa/092/006.md index 9928cd23c0..fc02272ede 100644 --- a/psa/092/006.md +++ b/psa/092/006.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## brutish ## +# brutish "violent and stupid" -## when the wicked sprout like the grass, ## +# When the wicked sprout like the grass -AT: "when evil people grow and spread like grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This compares evil people to grass, which grows quickly and in many places. AT: "When evil people appear quickly and seem to be everywhere, like grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## they are doomed to eternal destruction ## +# they are doomed to eternal destruction -AT: "they are condemned to destruction forever" \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "God has decided that he will destroy them completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/092/008.md b/psa/092/008.md index 7e9b863408..79b64552f9 100644 --- a/psa/092/008.md +++ b/psa/092/008.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## all the evildoers are scattered. ## +# Indeed, look at your enemies, Yahweh -AT: "all the evildoers are sent in different directions and die." \ No newline at end of file +Many texts do not have these words. + +# They will perish + +"They will die" or "You will kill them" + +# All those who do evil will be scattered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will scatter all those who do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will be scattered + +Many texts read, "have been scattered." + +# be scattered + +"driven away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/092/010.md b/psa/092/010.md index 496c0c1bae..39b1262136 100644 --- a/psa/092/010.md +++ b/psa/092/010.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## You have exalted my horn like the horn of the wild ox; ## +# You have lifted up my horn like the horn of the wild ox -AT: "You have made me as strong as a wild ox;" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The psalmist speaks of God as if he had made him as strong as a wild animal. Here his "horn" represents his strength. AT: "You have made me as strong as a wild ox" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## I am anointed with fresh oil. ## +# I am anointed with fresh oil -AT: "You have caused me to be glad though your approval." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are that the oil that God has put on the psalmist is a metaphor for God 1) making him happy "you have made me very happy" or 2) making him strong, "you have made me strong" or 3) enabling him to defeat his enemies, "you have enabled me to defeat my enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## My eyes have seen the downfall of my enemies; my ears have heard of the doom of my evil foes. ## +# My eyes have seen the downfall of my enemies; my ears have heard of the doom of my evil foes -AT: "I have seen and heard of the defeat of my enemies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "eyes" and "ears" are synecdoches for the person who sees and hears. The lines may be combined. AT: "I have seen and heard of the defeat of my evil enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/092/012.md b/psa/092/012.md index f8ecf3aa4d..af0be29027 100644 --- a/psa/092/012.md +++ b/psa/092/012.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## The righteous will flourish like the palm tree; they will grow like a cedar in Lebanon. ## +# The righteous will flourish like the palm tree -AT: "People who are righteous will grow well like a palm tree; they will develop like a cedar tree in Lebanon."(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy palm tree because they will 1) be strong or 2) live for long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they will grow like a cedar in Lebanon + +Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy cedar tree growing in the land of Lebanon because 1) they will be strong or 2) people will honor them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# They are planted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has planted them" or "Yahweh takes care of them as if they were trees he had planted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the house of Yahweh ... in the courts of our God + +The psalmist speaks of people who truly worship God as if they were trees growing in Yahweh's house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# they flourish + +The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were healthy trees. AT: "they are growing well" or "they are very strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the courts of our God + +in the courtyard of the temple in Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/092/014.md b/psa/092/014.md index 7d771f55de..57d3d9aecf 100644 --- a/psa/092/014.md +++ b/psa/092/014.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## They bear fruit ## +# They bear fruit -The righteous people make good things come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were trees that produce food. AT: "They please God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they stay fresh and green, ## +# they stay fresh and green -AT: "Righteous people remain strong and healthy," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were trees. AT: "they remain strong and healthy" or "they always do what pleases God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He is my rock ## +# green, to proclaim that -Yahweh is my strong foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "green, so that they can proclaim" or 2) "green. This shows that" + +# He is my rock + +"Yahweh is the one who protects me." The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock that would protect him. See how this is translated in [Psalms 18:2](../018/002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/092/intro.md b/psa/092/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0e1fb8f570 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/092/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 092 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 92 is a psalm of praise for God's kindness and faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Justice ##### +God causes evil people to be destroyed and good people to be happy and useful, even after they grow old. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 92:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../091/intro.md) | [>>](../093/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/093/001.md b/psa/093/001.md index 792744eacc..b94faef3ba 100644 --- a/psa/093/001.md +++ b/psa/093/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,31 @@ -See: talink Translating Poetry and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## he is robed in majesty; Yahweh is clothed with strength; he wears strength like a belt ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -in these phrases Yahweh's majesty and power are being represented as articles of clothing (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# he is robed in majesty; Yahweh has clothed and girded himself with strength -## strength ## +The psalmist speaks of Yahweh's strength and majesty as if they were things Yahweh wears. AT: "he shows everyone that he is a powerful king" or "his majesty is there for all to see, like the robe a king wears; everything about Yahweh shows that he is strong and he is ready to do great work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -power and might +# majesty -## belt ## +the power of a king and the way a king acts -a band of leather or another material that a person wears around his waist \ No newline at end of file +# girded himself + +put on a belt—a band of leather or another material that a person wears around his waist—to prepare for work or battle + +# The world is firmly established + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You have firmly established the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it cannot be moved + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will ever move it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Your throne is established from ancient times + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You established your throne in ancient times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# you are from everlasting + +"you have always existed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/093/003.md b/psa/093/003.md index 514de0e3aa..6e3aef5dd7 100644 --- a/psa/093/003.md +++ b/psa/093/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## have lifted up their voice; the oceans' waves crash and roar ## +# oceans ... oceans' -AT: "have made a mighty noise because their waves crash and roar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Some versions read "floods ... floods'." The word often refers to a river (See: "the River" in [Psalms 72:8](../072/008.md)), but "oceans ... oceans'" has been chosen here because oceans, not rivers, have "waves" that "crash and roar." -## roar ## +# have lifted up their voice; the oceans' waves crash and roar + +The psalmist speaks of the ocean as if it were a person who could speak. AT: "have made a mighty noise because their waves crash and roar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# roar make a long, loud sound. -## Above the crashing of many waves, the mighty breakers of the sea, ## +# Above the crashing of many waves, the mighty breakers of the sea -AT: "But Yahweh you are greater than the roar of the oceans or the crash of their mighty breakers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The phrase "the mighty breakers of the sea" means basically the same thing as "many waves" and emphasizes how great these waves are. AT: "Above the crashing of all of the very great waves of the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## breakers ## +# breakers -large waves coming to land \ No newline at end of file +large waves coming to land + +# on high + +The psalmist speaks of where God lives as if it were high above the earth. AT: "in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/093/005.md b/psa/093/005.md index d238c1808c..c7d475f8cf 100644 --- a/psa/093/005.md +++ b/psa/093/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## solemn ## +# solemn very serious -## adorns ## +# are very trustworthy + +"always stay the same" or "never change" + +# holiness adorns your house + +The psalmist speaks of Yahweh's house as if it were a woman wearing beautiful clothing or jewelry and of Yahweh's holiness as the beautiful clothing or jewelry. AT: "your house is beautiful because you are holy" or "your holiness makes your house beautiful the way beautiful clothes and jewelry make a woman more beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your house + +the temple in Jerusalem + +# adorns makes beautiful \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/093/intro.md b/psa/093/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e96d1a0985 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/093/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 093 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 93 is a worship psalm about the power of Yahweh. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's power ##### +Yahweh is all powerful; He even controls the ocean. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 93:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../092/intro.md) | [>>](../094/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/001.md b/psa/094/001.md index 5e92dbfaad..60f9b72241 100644 --- a/psa/094/001.md +++ b/psa/094/001.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -See: talink Translating Poetry and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## shine over us ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "show yourself" or "reveal your justice" +# shine over us -## Rise up, judge of the earth, give to the proud what they deserve ## +Here "shine" is a metaphor for God revealing himself. AT: "show yourself" or "reveal your glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "Come, judge of the earth, and punish the proud" \ No newline at end of file +# Rise up, judge of the earth, give to the proud what they deserve + +"Come, judge of the earth, and punish the proud" + +# Rise up + +The psalmist speaks of starting to do something as getting up. If your language has a word for beginning to act, use it here. AT: "Take action" or "Do something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/003.md b/psa/094/003.md index 0aff460aee..53352ce340 100644 --- a/psa/094/003.md +++ b/psa/094/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Yahweh, how long will the wicked, how long will the wicked rejoice? ## +# How long will the wicked, Yahweh, how long will the wicked rejoice? -By repeating these phrases and asking a question, the writer shows his strong emotions. AT: "Yahweh, the wicked people always seem to win" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The psalmist repeats the question to show that he is unhappy with how long Yahweh has allowed the wicked to rejoice. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have waited too long Yahweh; you have waited too long to stop the wicked from rejoicing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## They pour out arrogant and defiant speeches, and they all boast ## +# will the wicked rejoice -AT: "The wicked people say arrogant things and boast about doing evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Why the wicked rejoice can be stated clearly. AT: "will the wicked rejoice because you never punish them for the evil deeds they do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They + +"All those who do evil" + +# They pour out their arrogant words + +The psalmist writes of the the wicked speaking as if their words were a liquid being poured out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# all those who do evil boast + +The translation can make explicit that these people boast about their evil actions. AT: "all those who do evil boast about their evil deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/005.md b/psa/094/005.md index 8f0d9b5e1c..94b44fc16f 100644 --- a/psa/094/005.md +++ b/psa/094/005.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## They crush your people, Yahweh; they afflict the nation that belongs to you. ## +# afflict the nation -These phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. AT: "The wicked people oppress your people, Yahweh; they hurt your chosen nation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here the metonym "nation" refers to the people of the nation. AT: "afflict the people of the nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the widow ## +# They crush + +The psalmist speaks of powerful people treating powerless people badly as if it were crushing them or breaking them in pieces. AT: "They completely destroy" or "They greatly harm." See how "break in pieces" is translated in [Psalms 72:4](../072/004.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the widow "women whose husbands have died" -## the alien ## - -"strangers in the land" - -## the fatherless ## +# the fatherless "children without fathers" -## the God of Jacob does not take notice of it ## +# the God of Jacob does not take notice of it -AT: "the God of Israel does not see what we do" \ No newline at end of file +"the God of Israel does not see what we do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/008.md b/psa/094/008.md index 5499bb9301..f3dec82ea5 100644 --- a/psa/094/008.md +++ b/psa/094/008.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -The Psalmist now instructs the wicked people. +# General Information: -## when will you ever learn? ## +The writer now instructs the wicked people. -This question stresses how important it is to understand and learn. AT: "stop your foolish ways" or "learn from your mistakes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# when will you ever learn? -## He who made the ear, does he not hear? He who formed the eye, does he not see? ## +This rhetorical question emphasizes the anger of the writer with the wicked people he is speaking to. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "stop your foolish ways!" or "learn from your mistakes!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -These questions are asked to emphasize a point. AT: "God made ears, so he hears everything. God made eyes, so he sees everything." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# He who made the ear, does he not hear? He who formed the eye, does he not see? + +These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements or commands. AT: "God made ears, so he can hear. God made eyes, so he can see." or "God made ears, so stop acting as if he does not hear. God made eyes, so stop acting as if he does not see." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/010.md b/psa/094/010.md index 26ad5284f8..458ee3fce2 100644 --- a/psa/094/010.md +++ b/psa/094/010.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -The Psalmist continues instructing the wicked people. +# General Information: -## does he not correct? ## +The writer continues instructing the wicked people. -This question emphasizes a point, and it is implied that it refers to his people. AT: "he will correct his people" or "he will punish his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +# He who disciplines the nations, does he not correct? + +This question can be translated as a statement. It is implied that Yahweh corrects his people. AT: "You know that Yahweh corrects the nations, so you can be sure that he will correct his people!" or "he will punish his people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# does he not correct + +This can be stated in positive form. Possible meanings are 1) God corrects. AT: "he corrects" or 2) God punishes. "he punishes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# that they are vapor + +Here the thoughts of men are compared to vapor or steam that disappears into the air. This metaphor shows how unimportant and useless they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# vapor + +"steam." See how this word is translated in [Psalms 39:11](../039/010.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/012.md b/psa/094/012.md index 6b4e9161e0..024760afc4 100644 --- a/psa/094/012.md +++ b/psa/094/012.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -Now the Psalmist again talks to Yahweh. +# General Information: -## Blessed is the one whom you instruct, Yahweh, the one whom you teach from your law ## +Now the writer again talks to Yahweh. -These phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. AT: "Blessed is the person that you instruct and teach from your law, Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# until a pit is dug for the wicked -## until a pit is dug for the wicked ## - -Here "pit" represents a trap for catching and punishing the wicked. AT: "until you destroy the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist speaks of Yahweh's punishing the wicked as if Yahweh were trapping an animal in a pit. This can be stated in active form. AT: "until you dig a pit for the wicked" or "until you destroy the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/014.md b/psa/094/014.md index e3f98ba74e..bef6bcbe57 100644 --- a/psa/094/014.md +++ b/psa/094/014.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## For Yahweh will not forsake his people or abandon his inheritance. ## +# his inheritance -Here "inheritance" refers to his people. AT: "Yahweh will not leave or forget his promise to his people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"those whom he has chosen to be with him forever" -## Who will rise up to defend me against the evildoers? Who will stand up for me against the wicked? ## +# judgment will again be righteous -These questions are used to express a need for help; they share similar meanings and are repeated for emphasis. AT: "No one will defend me against evil people. No one will help me fight against wicked people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist speaks of those who judge as if they were the decisions they make. The abstract noun "judgment" can be translated with the verb "judge." AT: "judges will again judge righteously" or "judges will again make righteous decisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the upright in heart + +The adjective phrase "upright in heart" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "those whose hearts are right with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# will follow it + +"will want the judges to judge righteously" + +# Who will rise up to defend me against the evildoers? Who will stand up for me against the wicked? + +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one will defend me against the evildoers. No one will help me fight against the wicked." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the wicked + +The adjective "wicked" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/017.md b/psa/094/017.md index 3714d11345..d660a150ab 100644 --- a/psa/094/017.md +++ b/psa/094/017.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## soon, I would be lying down in the place of silence ## +# Unless Yahweh had been my help ... silence -AT: "in a short time, I would be dead, lying in a silent grave" +This is a hypothetical situation. Yahweh did help him, so he was not lying in the place of silence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## When cares within me threaten to overwhelm me ## +# Unless Yahweh had been my help -AT: "When I have too many problems to handle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The abstract noun "help" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "If Yahweh had not helped me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## your comfort cheers my soul ## +# I would soon be lying down in the place of silence -AT: "you comfort me" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "would be lying down" refers to "death" and "in the place of silence" refers to the grave." AT: "in a short time, I would be dead, lying in a silent grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, held me up + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "You, Yahweh, held me up because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# When cares within me are many, your consolations make me happy + +The psalmist speaks of care as if he could count separate cares. The abstract noun "consolations" can be translated with the verb "console" or "comfort." AT: "When I have been worried about many things, you have comforted me and made me happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/020.md b/psa/094/020.md index cdf2ba7ea0..eb4eb78423 100644 --- a/psa/094/020.md +++ b/psa/094/020.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Can wicked rulers be allied with you, those who create injustice by statute? ## +# Can a throne of destruction be allied with you, one who creates injustice by statute? -This question is used to make a point. AT: "Wicked rulers who make unjust laws are not your friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question is used to make a point. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "A wicked ruler who makes unjust laws is not your friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## conspire ## +# a throne of destruction -plan with a person something harmful or illegal in secret \ No newline at end of file +Here the metonym "throne" refers to a king or ruler. AT: "a wicked ruler" or "corrupt judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# conspire + +secretly plan with a person something harmful or illegal + +# take the life of + +This is an idiom which means to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/022.md b/psa/094/022.md index e5031c0860..3d1da03d85 100644 --- a/psa/094/022.md +++ b/psa/094/022.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Yahweh has been my high tower ## +# Yahweh has been my high tower -Here "tower" represents protection. AT: "Yahweh has protected me from my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "tower" is a metaphor for protection. AT: "Yahweh has protected me from my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## God has been the rock of my refuge ## +# God has been the rock of my refuge -Here "rock" describes God as strong and firm, and "refuge" refers to safety. AT: "God has kept me safe by his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist speaks of having God protect him as if God were a place where the psalmist could go to be safe. See how "rock" and "refuge" are translated in [Psalms 62:7](../062/007.md). AT: "I have asked God to protect me, and he has kept me safe by his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will bring on them their own iniquity + +Possible meanings are 1) "will do to them the evil things they have done to others" or 2) "will punish them for all the evil things he has done to others." + +# cut them off + +This is an idiom which means "kill them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# in their own wickedness + +Possible meanings are 1) "while they are doing wicked things" or 2) "because they have done wicked things." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/094/intro.md b/psa/094/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e0038c0918 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/094/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 094 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 94 is a prayer requesting that evil people be punished. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Justice ##### +Evil people expect God to ignore their injustices. But God knows what they are doing and will punish them for their evil deeds. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unjust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 94:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../093/intro.md) | [>>](../095/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/095/001.md b/psa/095/001.md index 8df257bce2..fd672ca3b8 100644 --- a/psa/095/001.md +++ b/psa/095/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -See: talink Translating Poetry and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## enter his presence ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -go where God is +# the rock of our salvation -## thanksgiving ## +The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were a mountain the people could climb so they would be safe. See how "rock" and "of my salvation" are translated in [Psalms 18:46](../018/046.md). AT: "the rock where we can go and God will save us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -gratefulness +# enter his presence -## superior ## +The psalmist speaks as if he is telling the readers to go into the throne room of a king. AT: "go to where he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Possible meanings: "rules over all other gods" or "much better than all gods" \ No newline at end of file +# with thanksgiving + +"thanking him as we enter his presence" + +# superior to all gods + +Possible meanings are that Yahweh is a great king 1) "who rules over all other gods," or 2) "who is much better than all gods." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/095/004.md b/psa/095/004.md index 9c8121c270..8d9a0f57ce 100644 --- a/psa/095/004.md +++ b/psa/095/004.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## depths ## +# In his hand + +This is an idiom which means "in his control" or "he is responsible for." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# depths deep places -## heights ## +# heights -high places \ No newline at end of file +high places + +# his hands formed + +The word "hands" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. AT: "he himself formed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/095/006.md b/psa/095/006.md index b242bb8681..20d725b9ba 100644 --- a/psa/095/006.md +++ b/psa/095/006.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Oh come, let us worship and bow down; let us kneel before Yahweh ## +# kneel -both of these phrases suggest the same worshipful position before God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +put both knees on the ground, often to show submission (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## kneel ## +# the people of his pasture -put both knees on the ground +The word "pasture" is a metonym for the food that animals eat in the pasture, which in turn is a synecdoche for everything that Yahweh provides for his people. AT: "we are the people whose needs he meets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## of his pasture and the sheep of his hand. ## +# pasture -AT: "that he feeds and protects like a shepherd cares for his sheep." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +an area where animals find grass to eat -## pasture ## +# the sheep of his hand -a grassy area for feeding animals +The word "hand" here refers to how Yahweh protects his people the way a shepherd protects his sheep. AT: "the people whom he protects like a shepherd protects his sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## hand ## +# Today—oh, that you would hear his voice! -Here "hand" represents the provision of God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Oh, that you would hear his voice today!" The psalmist purposely interrupts what he is saying. + +# hear his voice + +Here "his voice" represents God speaking or what he says. AT: "listen to God speak" or "hear what God says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/095/008.md b/psa/095/008.md index feeccfd6bd..4558470236 100644 --- a/psa/095/008.md +++ b/psa/095/008.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Now the Psalmist writes the words that Yahweh spoke. +# General Information: -## Meribah, Massah ## +Now the writer writes the words that Yahweh spoke. -Both words refer to a place in the dessert that Moses named because the Israelites rebelled against God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# harden your heart -## challenged my authority and tried my patience ## +"become stubborn" -AT: "tested my authority and patience," (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +# Meribah, ... Massah -## my deeds ## +These are places in the desert that Moses named because the Israelites rebelled against God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "the amazing things I had done." \ No newline at end of file +# tested me ... tried me + +These two phrases are both metaphors for the people seeing how much evil they could do before Yahweh would punish them. The phrases say basically the same thing and can be combined. AT: "tested me" or "wanted to see if they could do evil things without my punishing them ... tested whether I would continue to be patient with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# my deeds + +"the amazing things I had done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/095/010.md b/psa/095/010.md index ac29ea5916..b1fbcd37cb 100644 --- a/psa/095/010.md +++ b/psa/095/010.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Yahweh continues speaking directly to his people. -## forty years ## +# forty years "40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## wander astray ## +# that generation -"move away from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"all of those people" or "that entire generation of people" -## known my ways ## +# wander astray -AT: "obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +God speaks of the people as if they were sheep, which will go wherever they want to and not stay near their shepherd. AT: "move away from me" or "go their own way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## ways ## +# they have not known my ways -God's plans, precepts, purposes or commands +Yahweh's commands are spoken of as if they were paths on which the people should walk. The people not obeying Yahweh's commands is spoken of as if they did not know these paths. AT: "they have not obeyed my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## resting place ## +# my resting place -"Canaan" or "Promised Land" \ No newline at end of file +"the place where I would have allowed them to rest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/095/intro.md b/psa/095/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cf0f9cab63 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/095/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 095 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 95 is the first in a series of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's care ##### +God made everything and takes good care of people. People should not be stubborn like the Israelites were in the days of Moses. The Israelites with Moses wandered in the desert for forty years. +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 95:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../094/intro.md) | [>>](../096/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/096/001.md b/psa/096/001.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1e9f967a73 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/096/001.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# a new song + +a song no one has ever sung before + +# all the earth + +This refers to the people of the earth. AT: "all you people who live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bless his name + +The word "name" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. AT: "bless Yahweh" or "do what makes Yahweh happy." See how "may his glorious name be blessed" is translated in [Psalms 72:19](../072/018.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# announce his salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated using the verb "save." AT: "announce that he has saved us" or "tell people that he is the one who saves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/096/003.md b/psa/096/003.md index f8d1a72c3f..04fb00602c 100644 --- a/psa/096/003.md +++ b/psa/096/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## For Yahweh is great and is to be praised greatly. ## +# Declare his glory among the nations -AT: "For Yahweh is great. Praise him greatly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Tell all the people in every nation about his great glory" -## He is to be feared above all other gods. ## +# Yahweh is great and is to be praised greatly -AT: "Fear him above all other gods." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh is great. Praise him greatly" or "Yahweh is great, and people should praise him greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He is to be feared above all other gods + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Fear him above all other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/096/005.md b/psa/096/005.md index c2fb7803a8..c5f6408fec 100644 --- a/psa/096/005.md +++ b/psa/096/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## in his presence ## +# in his presence "where he is" -## Splendor and majesty ## +# Splendor and majesty are in his presence -These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist speaks as if splendor and majesty are people who can stand before a king. AT: "Everyone knows of his splendor and majesty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Strength and beauty are in his sanctuary + +The words "strength" and "beauty" are metonyms for the ark of the covenant decrees, which is found in the sanctuary. AT: "It is his sanctuary that contains the ark of the covenant decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/096/007.md b/psa/096/007.md index 5deb9849ff..c663bfe3cf 100644 --- a/psa/096/007.md +++ b/psa/096/007.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## Ascribe to ## +# Ascribe to Yahweh ... ascribe praise to Yahweh for his glory and strength -This means to acknowledge something about someone. AT: "give to" \ No newline at end of file +This can be restated to removed the abstract nouns "praise," "glory," and "strength." See how these words are translated in [Psalms 29:1](../029/001.md). AT: "Praise Yahweh ... praise Yahweh because he is glorious and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Give to Yahweh the glory that his name deserves + +The abstract noun "glory" can be stated as a verb or adjective. See how these words are translated in [Psalms 29:2](../029/001.md). AT: "Honor Yahweh just as his name deserves" or "Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his name deserves + +Here "name" refers to the person of God. AT: "he deserves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his courts + +the temple courtyard where the priests sacrificed animals to Yahweh \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/096/009.md b/psa/096/009.md index de0a43e4e7..f7ef82176d 100644 --- a/psa/096/009.md +++ b/psa/096/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## tremble ## +# Bow down to Yahweh + +The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. AT: "Bow down to worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# in the splendor of holiness + +The abstract nouns "splendor" and "holiness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "because he is gloriously beautiful and holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# tremble to shake because of fear -## in the splendor of his holiness ## +# all the earth -AT: +Here "earth" represents the people. AT: "all the people of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## The world also is established ## +# The world also is established -"He also established the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "He also established the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## it cannot be shaken ## +# it cannot be shaken -"nothing can shake it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "nothing can shake it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/096/011.md b/psa/096/011.md index 2c1c6bfa92..6b6909b024 100644 --- a/psa/096/011.md +++ b/psa/096/011.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## let the heavens ... the earth... the sea ... the fields ... the trees ## +# Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice -All of these things are said to have emotions like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the heavens and the earth are spoken of as if they have emotions like people. AT: "Let it be as if the heavens are glad and the earth rejoices" or 2) "the heavens" and "the earth" are metonyms for those who dwell in those places. AT: "Let those who live in the heavens be glad and let those who live on the earth rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He is coming to judge the earth. He will judge the world ... and the peoples ... ## +# that which fills it shout with joy -The three phrase have similar meanings; the last two phases are used to strengthen the first. ( See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The implied information is that this refers to all the creatures living in the sea. They are spoken of as if they should shout with joy like people might do. AT: "the sea creatures shout joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## and the peoples with his faithfulness ## +# Let the fields rejoice and all that is in them -AT: " and he will judge the peoples with his faithfulness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Let the fields and all that is in them rejoice." The psalmist speaks as if "the fields" and the animals that live in them have emotions like people. AT: "Let it be as if the fields themselves and all the animals that live in them are rejoicing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# let all the trees in the forest shout for joy + +This speaks about the trees as if they were people who could shout for joy. AT: "let it be as if all the trees in the forest shout for joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# He is coming to judge the earth. He will judge the world ... and the peoples + +The three phrase have similar meanings; the last two phases are used to strengthen the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# to judge ... will judge + +Another possible meaning is "to rule ... will rule." + +# He will judge the world with righteousness + +Here "the world" is a metonym for all the people in the world. See how these words are translated in [Psalms 9:8](../009/007.md). AT: "He will judge all the people of the world righteously." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the peoples with his faithfulness + +The words "he will judge" are understood. AT: "he will judge the peoples with his faithfulness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# with his faithfulness + +The can be restated to remove the abstract noun "faithfulness." Possible meanings are 1) AT: "fairly, according to what he knows is true" or 2) AT: "using the same standard for all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/096/intro.md b/psa/096/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3de92eba03 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/096/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 096 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 96 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh, the king ##### +Yahweh is king over all the earth and is worthy of all praise. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 96:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../095/intro.md) | [>>](../097/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/097/001.md b/psa/097/001.md index 8a7bf1fd1a..d10bcf06dd 100644 --- a/psa/097/001.md +++ b/psa/097/001.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## let the earth rejoice; let the many coastlands be glad ## +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# let the earth rejoice; let the many coastlands be glad The earth and the coastlands are said to have emotions like people. AT: "Rejoice and be glad every person on the earth and near the seas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne. ## +# coastlands -Here "the foundation of his throne" refers to how Yahweh rules his kingdom. AT: "Yahweh always rules with righteousness and justice." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "lands near the seas" or 2) "islands." + +# Clouds and darkness surround him + +"We cannot see him; it is as if he were sitting in the dark with clouds all around him" + +# Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne + +The word "throne" is a metonym for the deeds and words of the one who sits on it. The psalmist speaks as if righteousness and justice were physical objects that made the throne secure. AT: "He is righteous and just in everything he does" or "He is able to rule because he rules righteously and justly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the foundation of his throne + +Here "the foundation of his throne" refers to how Yahweh rules his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/097/003.md b/psa/097/003.md index d64a227380..db9a4a6237 100644 --- a/psa/097/003.md +++ b/psa/097/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the earth sees and trembles ## +# Fire goes before him -“the earth” is described as a person who is able to see and tremble. This can be restated as “the people on the earth see and tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The psalmist speaks as if fire were a person walking before King Yahweh and telling people that the king was coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## tremble ## +# consumes his adversaries -shake with fear +"burns up his enemies" -## The mountains melt like wax before Yahweh ## +# the earth sees and trembles -The mountains are unable to stand before Yahweh. AT: "The mountains are unable to stand before Yahweh." or "The mountains crumble before Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of the earth as if it were a person who sees what Yahweh does and trembles in fear. AT: "like a person, the earth sees and trembles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# trembles + +"shakes with fear" + +# The mountains melt like wax before Yahweh + +The writer speaks of the mountains crumbling before Yahweh as if they were wax that was exposed to a fire. AT: "The mountains are unable to stand as Yahweh comes near" or "The mountains crumble in Yahweh's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/097/006.md b/psa/097/006.md index c9d93e00cc..6a75c49691 100644 --- a/psa/097/006.md +++ b/psa/097/006.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## All those who worship carved figures ... who boast in worthless idols ## +# The skies declare his justice -This phrase describes "those who worship carved figures". AT: "God will shame all those who boast in worthless idols and worship carved figures." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the psalmist speaks as if the skies are Yahweh's messengers who declare that Yahweh is just. AT: "Everyone can see that God is just, the same way that everyone can see the skies" or 2) the skies refer to the beings that live in the heavens. AT: "All those who live in heaven declare that Yahweh is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# All those who worship carved figures will be shamed, those who boast in worthless idols + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "God will shame all those who boast in worthless idols and worship carved figures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Zion heard ... the towns of Judah + +This refers to the people who live in these lands. AT: "The people of Zion heard ... the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/097/009.md b/psa/097/009.md index ec1841df05..85055bf609 100644 --- a/psa/097/009.md +++ b/psa/097/009.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## hand of the wicked ## +# are most high above all -AT: "control of the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The psalmist speaks as if those who were strong enough to rule were the physically higher than others. AT: "rule over all the people who live on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Light is sown for ... and gladness for ... ## +# You are exalted far -These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. AT: "Yahweh sows light for those who do right and sows gladness for those with honest hearts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The psalmist speaks as if those who were strong enough to rule were the physically higher than others. AT: "You are high, far" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Light is sown for the righteous ## +# he takes them out of the hand of the wicked -"Sown" is a metaphor for giving. "God gives light to the righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hand" represents power. Yahweh rescuing people from the power of wicked people is spoken of as if he took them out of their hands. AT: "he rescues them from the power of the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Light is sown for ... and gladness for + +These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. AT: "Yahweh sows light for those who do right, and he sows gladness for those with honest hearts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Light is sown for the righteous + +The word "sown" is a metaphor for actions with future results. "Light" is a metaphor for good things. AT: "Yahweh plans for good things to happen to the righteous in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the righteous + +The adjective "righteous" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# gladness for those with honest hearts + +The words "is sown" are understood. The word "sown" is a metaphor for actions with future results. The abstract noun "gladness" can be stated as "happy." AT: "gladness is sown for those with honest hearts" or "Yahweh plans for people with honest hearts to be happy in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# those with honest hearts + +The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "honest people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/097/012.md b/psa/097/012.md index 5e8a5f9a03..8480c2dbc1 100644 --- a/psa/097/012.md +++ b/psa/097/012.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for this verse. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +This verse has a command followed by the reason for the command. If your language requires the reason to precede the command: "Because of what Yahweh has done for you, you righteous people, be glad and give thanks when you remember his holiness." + +# Be glad in Yahweh + +This idiom means to be glad because of what Yahweh has done. AT: "Be glad because of what Yahweh has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# when you remember his holiness + +Possible meanings are 1) "when you remember how holy he is" or 2) "to his holy name," a metonym for "to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/097/intro.md b/psa/097/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5c6e7eccd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/097/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 097 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 97 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's authority ##### +All people who worship idols are disgraced because Yahweh rules over all the world. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 97:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../096/intro.md) | [>>](../098/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/098/001.md b/psa/098/001.md index de72880e23..c755ed18c2 100644 --- a/psa/098/001.md +++ b/psa/098/001.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## his right hand and his holy arm ## +# General Information: -These phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. Also, his "hand" and "arm" are used to refer to his power and strength. AT: "his mighty power and great strength," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# a new song + +a song no one has ever sung before. See how this is translated in [Psalms 96:1](../096/001.md). + +# his right hand and his holy arm have + +The words "right hand" and "holy arm" refer to Yahweh's strength. Together they emphasize how great his strength is. AT: "his very great power has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# right hand + +the more powerful and skilled hand + +# holy arm + +Here "arm" is a metonym for power. AT: "the power that is his alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# have given him victory + +This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "victory." AT: "have enabled him to be victorious over his enemies" or "has enabled him to defeat his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# made known his salvation + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated using the verb "save." AT: "showed people that he saves his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# showed his justice to all the nations + +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated using the adjective "just." The word "nations" is a metonym for "the people who live in all the nations." AT: "showed the people who live in all the nations that he is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/098/003.md b/psa/098/003.md index 8d2d41a9a8..2b2cf8c32b 100644 --- a/psa/098/003.md +++ b/psa/098/003.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## calls to mind ## +# calls to mind -"remembers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"remembers." See how "call to mind" is translated in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# all the ends of the earth ... all the earth + +These are metonyms for the people of the earth. AT: "people from all over the world ... all people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will see the victory of our God + +The abstract noun "victory" can be translated using the verb "defeat." AT: "will see our God defeat his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# burst into song + +"suddenly begin singing happily" + +# sing for joy + +"sing because you are happy" + +# sing praises + +"sing praises to God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/098/005.md b/psa/098/005.md index 4592c3fe59..4bfe244dc2 100644 --- a/psa/098/005.md +++ b/psa/098/005.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## melodious ## +# melodious -delightful or pleasing musical sound \ No newline at end of file +delightful or pleasing musical sound + +# the horn + +an animal horn used as a musical instrument + +# make a joyful noise + +"raise a shout." See how "shout" is translated in [Psalms 47:1](../047/001.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/098/007.md b/psa/098/007.md index 08c282fc0f..d19c9e6d1d 100644 --- a/psa/098/007.md +++ b/psa/098/007.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Let the sea shout ## +# Let the sea shout and everything in it -Here the "sea" is being descibed as shouting to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The psalmist speaks as if the sea were a person who could shout to God. AT: "Let it be as if the sea and everything in it shout" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the world and those who live in it ## +# the world and those who live in it -"let the world and those who live in it shout (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The psalmist speaks as if the world were a person. AT: "and let the world and those who live in it shout" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Let the rivers clap their hands, and let the mountains shout for joy. ## +# Let the rivers clap their hands, and let the mountains shout for joy -Here the "rivers" are being described as clapping with their hands and the "mountains" are being described as shouting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The psalmist speaks as if the rivers and mountains were people who could clap and shout. AT: "Let it be as though the rivers are clapping their hands and mountains were shouting for joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## he will judge the world ... and the nations with fairness ## +# the world ... the nations -These two phrases have similar meanings are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These phrases are metonyms for "the people in the world" and "the people who live in the nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the nations with fairness ## +# the nations with fairness -AT: "he will judge the nations with fairness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "he will judge the nations with fairness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## fairness ## +# with fairness -"honestly" or "equity" \ No newline at end of file +"honestly" or "using the same standard for everyone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/098/intro.md b/psa/098/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9b0a74ea5d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/098/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 098 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 98 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Praise ##### +Everyone and every thing should sing praises to Yahweh because he is worthy of all praise. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 98:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../097/intro.md) | [>>](../099/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/099/001.md b/psa/099/001.md index fbf0ccba4e..27a107a548 100644 --- a/psa/099/001.md +++ b/psa/099/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,31 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## tremble ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the nations + +This refers to the people of all nations. AT: "the people of all nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tremble shake with fear -## He sits enthroned above the cherubim ## +# He sits enthroned above the cherubim -AT: "Yahweh rules above the cherubim" +You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. AT: "He sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## quakes ## +# quakes shakes -## he is exalted ## +# Yahweh is great in Zion; he is exalted above all the nations -"People exalt him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Not only is Yahweh great in Zion, he is exalted above all the nations" or "Not only does Yahweh rule in Zion, he rules over all the nations" -## Let them praise your great and awesome name ## +# he is exalted above all the nations + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people in all the nations exalt him" or "people in all nations praise him greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Let them praise your great and awesome name Here the author shifts from speaking about God, to speaking to God. After this phrase though, he shifts back to speaking about God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/099/004.md b/psa/099/004.md index ff64a266f1..22a10ecd7c 100644 --- a/psa/099/004.md +++ b/psa/099/004.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## You have established fairness; you created just rule ## +# he loves justice -This means God is fair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The abstract noun "justice" can be translated using the phrase "what is just." AT: "he loves doing what is just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## at his footstool ## +# You have established fairness -"before his throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "fairness" is a metonym for the laws that are fair. AT: "The laws you have established are fair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# worship at his footstool + +Here the word "footstool" likely refers to the ark of the covenant, which the biblical writers often spoke of as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. The translation can make explicit that the people are to worship Yahweh. AT: "worship Yahweh at his footstool" or "worship Yahweh before his throne in the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/099/006.md b/psa/099/006.md index 3f8b44c8d8..fff4c77e1d 100644 --- a/psa/099/006.md +++ b/psa/099/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## his solemn commands and the statutes ## - -These two phrases mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -## solemn ## +# solemn "sacred" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/099/008.md b/psa/099/008.md index e2e5c3a516..bd4b831d6e 100644 --- a/psa/099/008.md +++ b/psa/099/008.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## You answered them ## +# You answered them -The word "them" refers to Moses, Aaron, and Samuel. +"You answered your people" -## his holy hill ## +# his holy hill -AT: "Mount Zion" \ No newline at end of file +"Mount Zion" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/099/intro.md b/psa/099/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..26b3e70fe3 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/099/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 099 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 99 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's justice ##### +God is just and fair. Moses, Aaron and Samuel each prayed to him and obeyed him and he answered their prayers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 99:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../098/intro.md) | [>>](../100/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/100/001.md b/psa/100/001.md index 582311d71c..3b9cd168b5 100644 --- a/psa/100/001.md +++ b/psa/100/001.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -See: Translating Poetry and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## all the earth ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "everyone on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Shout joyfully to Yahweh + +"Raise a shout to Yahweh." See how "shout" is translated in [Psalms 47:1](../047/001.md). + +# all the earth + +This refers to all the people of the earth. AT: "everyone on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# come before his presence + +The psalmist speaks as if he is telling the readers to go into the throne room of a king. AT: "go to where he is with joyful singing" or "he can hear you, so sing joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/100/003.md b/psa/100/003.md index 13e1ce9046..8a55a3215f 100644 --- a/psa/100/003.md +++ b/psa/100/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## pasture ## +# the sheep of his pasture -a grassy area for feeding animals +God's people are like his sheep. AT: "the people God provides for and protects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the sheep of his pasture ## +# pasture -the people God takes care of (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +a grassy area for feeding animals \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/100/004.md b/psa/100/004.md index 91478ce804..cba1c7ad3d 100644 --- a/psa/100/004.md +++ b/psa/100/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Give thanks to him ## +# with thanksgiving -"give thanks to God" +"while thanking him" or "while giving thanks to him" -## endures forever ## +# bless his name -AT: "is loyal to us forever" or "will never forsake us" +The word "name" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. AT: "bless Yahweh" or "do what makes Yahweh happy." See how "may his glorious name be blessed" is translated in [Psalms 72:19](../072/018.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## covenant faithfulness endures forever and his truthfulness through all generations ## +# his covenant faithfulness endures forever -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) AT: "always does what he says he will do" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "he is faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his truthfulness through all generations + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The abstract noun "truthfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "his truthfulness endures through all generations" or "he is truthful through all generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# through all generations + +"generation after generation." See how this is translated in [Psalms 89:4](../089/003.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/100/intro.md b/psa/100/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..173a09eac1 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/100/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 100 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 100 is the last of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's care for his creation ##### +God made mankind and takes good care of people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 100:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../099/intro.md) | [>>](../101/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/101/001.md b/psa/101/001.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3cdf163b73 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/101/001.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# I will sing of covenant faithfulness and justice + +The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "justice" can be translated with adjectives. AT: "I will sing that you are faithful to your covenant and that you are just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/101/002.md b/psa/101/002.md index 7a9bebf71f..1be0f2911c 100644 --- a/psa/101/002.md +++ b/psa/101/002.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## I will not put wrongdoing before my eyes ## +# I will walk in the way of integrity -AT: "I will avoid wrongdoing in my presence". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here David speaks about "living" as if it were "walking." AT: "I will live in a way that is honest and right" or "I will live a life full of integrity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## before my eyes ## +# I will walk with integrity within my house -The word "eyes" represents the psalmist's attention. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here David speaks about "living" as if it were walking." Also, David speaks of overseeing his house with integrity, as if integrity were a physical object residing in his house. AT: "I will oversee my house with integrity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## cling ## +# I will not put wrongdoing before my eyes + +This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "wrongdoing." The idiom, "put evil before my eyes," means to approve of it. AT: "I will not approve of anyone doing anything that is wrong in my presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# it will not cling to me + +David describes "evil" as if it were something unable to cling to him. This means that he would avoid evil things and people doing evil things. AT: "I will completely avoid evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# cling hold on to something or someone very tightly \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/101/004.md b/psa/101/004.md index 952be89e7d..185e32381a 100644 --- a/psa/101/004.md +++ b/psa/101/004.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## a proud demeanor and an arrogant attitude ## +# evil -These two phrases have the same meaning and are used to emphasize the concept of pride. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"anything that is evil" -## demeanor ## +# a proud demeanor and an arrogant attitude + +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful such people are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# demeanor "attitude" or "personality" -## look to the faithful ## +# I will look to the faithful of the land to sit at my side -AT: "look to God's faithful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This means that David would allow those people to be around him and live with him. AT: "I will allow the faithful of the land to live with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## walk in the way of integrity ## +# the faithful -AT: "live lives full of integrity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the people who are faithful to God. AT: "the faithful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# walk in the way of integrity + +Here David speaks about "living" as if it were "walking." AT: "live in a way that is honest and right" or "live lives full of integrity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/101/007.md b/psa/101/007.md index 5aca1a74fb..289a5986e2 100644 --- a/psa/101/007.md +++ b/psa/101/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Deceitful people will not ... liars will not ... ## +# Deceitful people will not ... liars will not These two phrases have the same idea and are used together to emphasize how David will not tolerate deceitful people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## liars will not be welcome ## +# liars will not be welcome -"I will not welcome liars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will not welcome liars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## before my eyes ## +# before my eyes -Here "my eyes" refers to David himself. AT: "before me" or "in my presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "my eyes" refers to David himself. AT: "before me" or "in my presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Morning by morning + +"Every day" + +# the wicked + +This refers to wicked people. AT: "the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# from the city of Yahweh + +David is referring to the city that he is in as "the city of Yahweh." This can be made clear. AT: "from this city, which is Yahweh's city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/101/intro.md b/psa/101/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5c873e2b7d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/101/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 101 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 101 is a psalm asking God's help in living as a person should. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Encouragement ##### +The psalmist wanted to encourage all the good people in the land and restrain all the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 101:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../100/intro.md) | [>>](../102/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/001.md b/psa/102/001.md index ba26c98425..be29bd88d5 100644 --- a/psa/102/001.md +++ b/psa/102/001.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -See: Translating Poetry and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## overwhelmed ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the afflicted + +This refers to a man who is afflicted. AT: "the afflicted man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# overwhelmed "faint" or "weak" -## pours out his lament before Yahweh ## +# pours out his lament before Yahweh The way the author expresses his lament is compared to pouring out a liquid. AT: "freely expresses his grief to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/003.md b/psa/102/003.md index ca39cc8012..4712d45759 100644 --- a/psa/102/003.md +++ b/psa/102/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## For my days pass away like smoke ## +# my days pass away like smoke -Here "my days" refers to my life and the idea of "smoke" is something that quickly disappears. AT: "My life passes away quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "my days" refers to the author's life and the idea of "smoke" is something that quickly disappears. AT: "my life passes away quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## my bones burn like fire ## +# my bones burn like fire -AT: "my body feels like it is burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the author refers to his "body" as his "bones." AT: "my body feels like it is burning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## my heart is crushed ## +# My heart is crushed -"my heart is broken" \ No newline at end of file +Here the author refers to himself as his "heart." This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am in despair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I am like grass that has withered + +This is another way to describe his despair. AT: "I feel like I am drying up like withered grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/005.md b/psa/102/005.md index df58137486..675103c06c 100644 --- a/psa/102/005.md +++ b/psa/102/005.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## groaning ## +# I am like a pelican of the wilderness -a deep sound someone makes when they are grieving or in pain +He compares his loneliness to that of a pelican, which is often seem alone instead of with other birds. AT: "I am lonely and despised like a pelican in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## I am like a pelican of the wilderness ## - -AT: "I am lonely and despised like a pelican in the wilderness" - -## a pelican ## +# a pelican a large fish-eating bird -## an owl ## +# I have become like an owl in the ruins -This a a bird that is awake at night. AT: "a night bird" \ No newline at end of file +The author continues to describe loneliness by comparing himself to an owl in abandoned ruins. AT: "I have become alone like an owl in abandoned ruins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# an owl + +This is a bird that is awake at night. AT: "a night bird" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/007.md b/psa/102/007.md index 69fe983486..dbce6c7470 100644 --- a/psa/102/007.md +++ b/psa/102/007.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# I lie awake like a solitary bird + +The writer compares himself to a bird to emphasize his feeling of loneliness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/009.md b/psa/102/009.md index b6b572b478..8038a4f0be 100644 --- a/psa/102/009.md +++ b/psa/102/009.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I eat ashes like bread ## +# I eat ashes like bread -AT: "My food is only ashes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +David would have sat in ashes as an act of mourning, therefore ashes would have fallen on his food. AT: "I eat ashes like I eat bread" or "As I mourn, ashes fall on the bread that I eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## and mix my drink with tears ## +# mix my drink with tears -AT: "my tears fall into my cup" \ No newline at end of file +David did not purposefully mix his drink with tears; rather his tear would have fallen into his cup while he mourned and wept. AT: "my tears fall into the cup that I drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# you have lifted me up to throw me down + +God has not literally lifted and thrown David's body to the ground; rather David says this to describe what he is feeling and experiencing. AT: "it is like you have lifted me up to throw me down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/011.md b/psa/102/011.md index 6b4d1d7f03..daf14dadc6 100644 --- a/psa/102/011.md +++ b/psa/102/011.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## withered ## +# My days are like a shadow that fades + +David compares his time left to live on earth to a fading shadow. AT: "My time to remain alive is short like an evening shadow that will soon be gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I have withered like grass + +As David's body becomes weak and he is nearing the end of his life, he compares himself to withering grass. AT: "my body has become weak like withered grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# withered dry and wrinkled -## fame ## +# your fame is for all generations -being known by many people +"you will be recognized for all generations to come" -## your fame is for all generations ## +# fame -AT: "you will be recognized for all generations to come" \ No newline at end of file +being known by many people \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/013.md b/psa/102/013.md index 69fe983486..c7d30ca476 100644 --- a/psa/102/013.md +++ b/psa/102/013.md @@ -1 +1,23 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# have mercy on Zion + +Here "Zion" refers to the people who live in Zion. AT: "have mercy on the people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# upon her + +The word "her" refers to Zion. + +# hold her stones dear + +The "stones" refer to the stones that were part of the city walls before they were destroyed. AT: "still love the stones that were formerly in the city walls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your name + +Here "your name" refers to Yahweh. AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will honor your glory + +The people will honor Yahweh because of his glory. Here Yahweh is referred to by his glory. AT: "will honor you because you are glorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# will appear in his glory + +"will be seen as glorious" or "people will see his glory" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/017.md b/psa/102/017.md index 09891ec6f2..a9b1574736 100644 --- a/psa/102/017.md +++ b/psa/102/017.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## he will not reject their prayer ## +# the destitute -AT: "Yahweh will accept their prayers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This refers to destitute people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## This will be written for future generations ## +# he will not reject their prayer -"I will write this for future generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Yahweh will accept their prayers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# This will be written for future generations + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will write this for future generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/019.md b/psa/102/019.md index 7750b8674f..b3ee46c465 100644 --- a/psa/102/019.md +++ b/psa/102/019.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## For he has looked down ... from heaven Yahweh has viewed ... ## +# For he has looked down from the holy heights; from heaven Yahweh has viewed -These two phrases have similar meaning and are used together for emphasize how God looks down from heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases have similar meaning and are used together for emphasize how God looks down from heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# the holy heights + +"his holy place high above the earth" + +# those who were condemned to death + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom the authorities had sentenced to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/021.md b/psa/102/021.md index ce39822c5f..8520d698b6 100644 --- a/psa/102/021.md +++ b/psa/102/021.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## proclaim the name of Yahweh in Zion and his praise in Jerusalem ## +# proclaim the name of Yahweh in Zion and his praise in Jerusalem -These two phrases that have the same meaning are used to emphasize the idea of praising the name of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases have the same meaning and emphasize the idea of praising the name of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## and his praise ## +# his praise -"and proclaim his praise" \ No newline at end of file +The missing words may be added. AT: "proclaim his praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/023.md b/psa/102/023.md index d65f7c9387..f5d7e3c1bd 100644 --- a/psa/102/023.md +++ b/psa/102/023.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## He has shortened my days ## +# taken away my strength -The word “days” here refers to his life. AT: "He has shortened my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +David describes God causing him to become weak as if his strength were a physical item that could be taken away from him. AT: "has caused me to become weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you are here throughout all generations ## +# my days -"you live throughout all generations" \ No newline at end of file +The word "days" here refers to his life. AT: "my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not take me away + +David is asking God to not let him die. AT: "do not take me away from the earth" or "do not let me die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you are here throughout all generations + +"you are present throughout all generations" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/025.md b/psa/102/025.md index d2dda327b0..62ff1be5fd 100644 --- a/psa/102/025.md +++ b/psa/102/025.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## they will all grow old ## +# they will all grow old -The word "they" refers to "the earth" and "the heavens". \ No newline at end of file +The word "they" refers to "the earth" and "the heavens." + +# your years will have no end + +Here David describes the length of time that God is alive as his "years." This can be written in positive form. AT: "you will live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/028.md b/psa/102/028.md index 6ae4f7b6dc..7ce1b4b3c3 100644 --- a/psa/102/028.md +++ b/psa/102/028.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## will live on ## +# will live on -"will continue to live" \ No newline at end of file +"will continue to live" + +# live in your presence + +Here David describes the descendants being protected by Yahweh as being in his presence. AT: "be protected as they live in your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/102/intro.md b/psa/102/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c3e1c5b32 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/102/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 102 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 102 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Salvation ##### +The author does not want to die young. He also wants to see Jerusalem saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/salvation]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 102:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../101/intro.md) | [>>](../103/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/001.md b/psa/103/001.md index f9339c77e6..2262cef3f4 100644 --- a/psa/103/001.md +++ b/psa/103/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -See: Translating Poetry and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +# A psalm of David -## With all my life, I give praise to Yahweh; and with all that is within me, I give praise to his holy name. ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -AT: "I should give praise to Yahweh, and to his glorious name, with my whole life" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +# I give praise to Yahweh with all my life, and with all that is within me, I give praise to his holy name -## and all that is within me ## +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much he will praise Yahweh. AT: "I will praise Yahweh with all that I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"my complete physical and non-physical being" (See: Synecdoche) \ No newline at end of file +# give praise to his holy name + +This refers to praising Yahweh's name as Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# all that is within me + +"all of me" or "all that I am." David uses this phrase to refer to himself and to emphasize his devotion to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/003.md b/psa/103/003.md index e9e061a561..c5df14e0b9 100644 --- a/psa/103/003.md +++ b/psa/103/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## all ## +# your ... you -This is exaggeration. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) In some languages it is more natural to say "many." +Many translations express this with "my, I, me" as the UDB does. -## you/your ## +# He redeems your life from destruction -Many translations express this with "I/me/my" as the UDB does. +This means that Yahweh keeps him alive. AT: "He saves me from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he crowns you with covenant faithfulness and acts of tender mercy. ## +# he crowns you with covenant faithfulness and acts of tender mercy -AT: "he blesses you with his promised faithfulness and acts of mercy." +Here blessing someone and treating them with great honor is described as if it were placing a crown on that person's head. The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "mercy" can be translated with adverbs. AT: "he blesses you by acting faithfully and mercifully towards you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## your youth is renewed like the eagle ## +# He satisfies your life with good things -AT: "you are made strong like an eagle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "your life" refers to "you," but it emphasizes that Yahweh gives blessings throughout life. AT: "He satisfies you with good things through your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your youth is renewed like the eagle + +Having your "youth renewed" means to feel young again. Here David compares this feeling of youth to the swiftness and strength of an eagle. AT: "you feel young and are strong like an eagle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# your youth + +The word "youth" refers to the strength one had as a young adult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/006.md b/psa/103/006.md index 0909a526c4..9c29604c96 100644 --- a/psa/103/006.md +++ b/psa/103/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## his deeds to the descendants of Israel. ## +# does acts of justice for -AT: "he made known his deeds to the descendants of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +"causes justice to happen to" -## has great covenant loyalty ## +# all who are oppressed + +Who is doing the oppressing can be stated explicitly. AT: "all who are oppressed by men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# his deeds to the descendants + +The missing words may be added. AT: "he made known his deeds to the descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# has great covenant loyalty "is full of mercy and love" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/009.md b/psa/103/009.md index 024c6257b6..38585a57b4 100644 --- a/psa/103/009.md +++ b/psa/103/009.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He will not always discipline; he is not always angry. ## +# He will not always discipline; he is not always angry -These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## He does not deal with us ... or repay us ... ## +# He does not deal with us ... or repay us -These two phrases are parallel and emphasize that God does not punish us as we deserve.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases are parallel and emphasize that God does not punish us as we deserve. AT: "He does not repay us with the punishment we deserve for our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# deal with us + +"punish us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/011.md b/psa/103/011.md index 402e13d099..7affb3b120 100644 --- a/psa/103/011.md +++ b/psa/103/011.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## For as the skies are high ... toward those who honor him. ## +# For as the skies are high ... toward those who honor him The simile compares the great distance between heaven and earth to the greatness of God's love for his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## As far as the east ...removed the guilt of our sins from us. ## +# so great is his covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "so he is very faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# As far as the east ... removed the guilt of our sins from us The distance between east and west is so far that it cannot be measured. In this simile, that distance is being compared to how far God moves our guilt away from us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## As a father has compassion ... on those who honor him. ## +# As a father has compassion ... on those who honor him -Here the author compares a father's compassion for his children to Yahweh's compassion for those who honor him. \ No newline at end of file +Here the author compares a father's compassion for his children to Yahweh's compassion for those who honor him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/014.md b/psa/103/014.md index fc69d1e9f4..df870b669e 100644 --- a/psa/103/014.md +++ b/psa/103/014.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## As for man, his days are like grass ## +# how we are formed -In this simile, the length of man's life is being compared to the short length of time that grass grows before it dies. AT: "The length of man's life is like that of grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "what our bodies are like" or "how he formed our bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he flourishes like a flower in a field ## +# he knows that we are dust + +When Yahweh created Adam the first man he created him from dust. AT: "he remembers that he created us from dust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# As for man, his days are like grass + +In this simile, the length of man's life is being compared to the short length of time that grass grows before it dies. AT: "The length of man's life is short like that of grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# he flourishes like a flower in a field In this simile, how man grows over time is compared to how a flower grows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## flourish ## +# flourishes -grow well or be healthy +To "flourish" is to grow well or be healthy. -## The wind blows over it, and it disappears... ## +# The wind blows over it, and it disappears ... where it once grew -These phrases continue to talk about flowers and grass. They compare how flowers and grass die to how man dies. AT: "The wind blow over the flowers and grass and they disappear, and no one can tell where they once grew--it is the same way with man." \ No newline at end of file +These phrases continue to talk about flowers and grass. They compare how flowers and grass die to how man dies. AT: "The wind blows over the flowers and grass and they disappear, and no one can tell where they once grew—it is the same way with man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/017.md b/psa/103/017.md index 16962476a3..257cf4bfed 100644 --- a/psa/103/017.md +++ b/psa/103/017.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## their descendants ## +# the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh is + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Yahweh is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# is from everlasting to everlasting + +This means that Yahweh's love continues forever. AT: "will continue forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# their descendants "the descendants of those who honor him" -## They keep his covenant and remember to obey his instructions. ## +# They keep his covenant and remember to obey his instructions These two phrases have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## established ## +# Yahweh has established his throne in the heavens + +Here Yahweh's reign as king is referred to as his "throne." AT: "Yahweh has taken his seat in the heavens where he rules as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# established "made" -## his kingdom rules ## +# his kingdom rules -AT: "He rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh is referred to by "his kingdom" to emphasize his authority as king. AT: "he rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/020.md b/psa/103/020.md index 438351d7f2..5d061fd1f7 100644 --- a/psa/103/020.md +++ b/psa/103/020.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## being obedient to his commands ## +# carry out his will -AT: "and who obey his commands" +This is an idiom meaning to "do his will." AT: "do his will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## you are his servants ## +# in all the places where he reigns -"you, his servants" +"praise him in all the places where he reigns" -## who carry out his will ## +# with all my life -AT: "who do his will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase means that he will praise Yahweh wholeheartedly and is used to emphasize his devotion to him. AT: "with all of me" or "with all my soul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/103/intro.md b/psa/103/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..98fe24ceed --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/103/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 103 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 103 is the first in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's grace ##### +God is good to us by forgiving our sins and not punishing us as much as we deserve. His loving-kindness goes on from generation to generation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 103:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../102/intro.md) | [>>](../104/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/001.md b/psa/104/001.md index d03e52807e..0aa72e0899 100644 --- a/psa/104/001.md +++ b/psa/104/001.md @@ -1,26 +1,35 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]. +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# General Information: + This psalm is a song of praise. -## splendor and majesty ## +# with all my life -These two words have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This phrase means that he will praise Yahweh wholeheartedly and is used to emphasize his devotion to him. AT: "with all of me" or "with all my soul"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## You cover yourself with light as with a garment ## +# you are clothed with splendor and majesty -AT: "You are covedred in light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The words "splendor" and "majesty" have similar meanings and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh's glory. They are described as clothing Yahweh like a garment. AT: "you have splendor and majesty all around you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You lay the beams of your chambers on the clouds ## +# You cover yourself with light as with a garment -AT: "You lay the structures of your bedroom in heaven" (See: en:ta:workbench:translate:anthro) +Yahweh is described as being covered with light as if the light were a garment around him. AT: "You are covered in light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## chambers ## +# you spread out the heavens like a tent curtain -"upper room" +Here God is described as spreading out the heavens like someone spreads out a tent when setting it up. AT: "you spread out the heavens like someone sets up a tent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## you make the clouds your chariot ## +# You lay the beams of your chambers on the clouds -AT: "you ride the clouds like a chariot" (See: en:ta:workbench:translate:anthro) +"You build your upper rooms in the heavens." This is referring to his house is so tall that the upper floor extends into the clouds. -## you walk on the wings of the wind ## +# you make the clouds your chariot -AT: "you walk upon the wind" (See: en:ta:workbench:translate:anthro) \ No newline at end of file +Here the clouds are described as carrying Yahweh as if they were a chariot. AT: "you make the clouds carry you like a chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you walk on the wings of the wind + +Here the blowing of the wind is described as wings on which Yahweh walks. AT: "you walk upon the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/004.md b/psa/104/004.md index 42378c09ae..98f51e4cca 100644 --- a/psa/104/004.md +++ b/psa/104/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## He makes the winds his messengers ## +# He makes the winds his messengers -It is also possible to translate this "He makes his messengers like the wind" or "He makes his angels swift" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Possible meanings are 1) he causes the wind to be able to carry a message like a messenger, "He makes the winds to be like his messengers" or 2) "He makes his messengers swift like the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## flames of fire his servant ## +# flames of fire his servants -It is also possible to translate this "he makes his servants to be like flames of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "he causes flames of fire to be like his servants." He causes fire to serve him like a servant would or 2) "he makes his servants to be like flames of fire"and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He laid the foundations of the earth ## +# flames of fire his servants -AT: "He created the whole earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated with the implied information from the previous line. AT: "He makes the flames of fire his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# He laid the foundations of the earth + +Here the phrase "laid the foundations" means "created." AT: "He created the whole earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/006.md b/psa/104/006.md index ee0d94a551..4e12892720 100644 --- a/psa/104/006.md +++ b/psa/104/006.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## like a garment ## +# You covered the earth with water like a garment -AT: "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here the water that covered the earth is being compared to how a large garment is able to completely cover something. AT: "You completely covered the earth with water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## recede ## +# Your rebuke made the waters ... they fled + +These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how God spoke and the waters went away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# recede "retreat" or "move back" -## Your rebuke made the waters ... at the sound of your thunderous voice ... ## +# they fled -These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how God spoke and the waters went away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the psalmist speaks about the waters receding as if they fled like an animal after hearing Yahweh's voice. The word "fled" means to run away quickly. AT: "rushed away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/008.md b/psa/104/008.md index 1a4ed3f35f..423957071e 100644 --- a/psa/104/008.md +++ b/psa/104/008.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## boundary ## +# The mountains rose, and the valleys spread out -"line" or "border" \ No newline at end of file +Here the psalmist speaks of God causing the mountains and valleys to move and change as if they chose to move themselves. They are described this way to emphasize God's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# a boundary for them that they will not cross + +Here the psalmist speaks of God causing the waters not to cross the boundary that he created for them as if the waters themselves chose not to cross it. They are described this way to emphasize God's authority over them. AT: "a boundary for them that they cannot cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# boundary + +"line" or "border" + +# for them + +The word "them" refers to the waters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/010.md b/psa/104/010.md index 20e8bde928..3aa69c3907 100644 --- a/psa/104/010.md +++ b/psa/104/010.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## stream ## +# streams -a small river +small rivers -## riverbanks ## +# the wild donkeys quench their thirst + +It can be stated clearly that they quench their thirst by drinking the water. AT: "the wild donkeys drink the water to quench their thirst" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# riverbanks the ground at the edges of a river -## they sing among the branches ## +# they sing among the branches -This refers to the noises or chirping that birds make. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here David describes birds chirping as if they were singing. AT: "they chirp among the tree branches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/013.md b/psa/104/013.md index 69fe983486..bec2bf2048 100644 --- a/psa/104/013.md +++ b/psa/104/013.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# He waters the mountains from his water chambers in the sky + +This means that God causes it to rain. The waters are described as residing in chambers in the sky. AT: "He waters the mountains by causing the rains to fall from the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the fruit of his labor + +"the many good things that you create" + +# plants for man to cultivate + +The missing words may be added. AT: "makes the plants grow for man to cultivate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/016.md b/psa/104/016.md index 15e272c3ff..c4083f55a1 100644 --- a/psa/104/016.md +++ b/psa/104/016.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## stork ## +# The trees of Yahweh get plenty of rain + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh provides plenty of rain for his trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# There the birds make their nests + +They makes their nests in the cedars. This can be stated clearly. AT: "The birds make their nests in the cedars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# stork This is a type of bird. AT: "bird" -## hyrax ## +# hyraxes -This is a small animal that looks like a large rodent. AT: "rock badger" \ No newline at end of file +I hyrax is a small animal that looks like a large rodent. AT: "rock badger" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/019.md b/psa/104/019.md index 3abd297307..cdce5742e9 100644 --- a/psa/104/019.md +++ b/psa/104/019.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## seasons ## +# seasons -This word refers to different weather changes through the year. Some places have rainy season and dry season, while others have spring, summer, fall, and winter. +This word refers to different weather changes through the year. Some places have rainy season and dry season, while others have spring, summer, fall, and winter. -## the sun knows its time ## +# the sun knows its time -Here it treats the sun as knowing what time of day it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here David describes the sun as if it knows what time of day it is. AT: "he made the sun to set when it is time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## You make ## +# You make -Here the authors switches from speaking about Yahweh to speaking to him. AT: "Yahweh, you make" \ No newline at end of file +"Yahweh, you make." Here the authors switches from speaking about Yahweh to speaking to him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/021.md b/psa/104/021.md index 2254257355..e72cd764ac 100644 --- a/psa/104/021.md +++ b/psa/104/021.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## prey ## +# prey This is an animal that is food for another animal. -## retreat ## +# and seek their food from God -AT: "go back" or "move away" +"but they rely on God to provide their food" -## dens ## +# retreat + +"go back" or "move away" + +# dens the homes of some mammals and small animals \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/023.md b/psa/104/023.md index 74b25ec829..83aaca0520 100644 --- a/psa/104/023.md +++ b/psa/104/023.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## overflows with your works ## +# overflows with your works -AT: "is filled with your creations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here David describes the amount of things that Yahweh had created as if they were a liquid overflowing out of a container. AT: "is filled with your work!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/025.md b/psa/104/025.md index 7d3d236af2..5c6146be14 100644 --- a/psa/104/025.md +++ b/psa/104/025.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## deep and wide ## +# deep and wide -"it is deep and wide" This means that the sea is great in both directions, depth and width. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +"it is very deep and very wide." The depth and width of the sea emphasizes how large it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## teeming ## +# teeming "overflowing" -## innumerable ## +# innumerable "uncountable" -## both small and great ## +# both small and great -This refers to all creatures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +This means creatures of all sizes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## The ships travel there ## +# The ships travel there "The ships travel on the sea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/027.md b/psa/104/027.md index 4d242f950a..07cebde50d 100644 --- a/psa/104/027.md +++ b/psa/104/027.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## give their food on time ## +# All these -AT: "give them their food when they need it" +"All these creatures" -## gather ## +# give them their food on time -"collect" or "glean" \ No newline at end of file +"give them their food when they need it" + +# When you give to them, they gather + +It may be helpful to state that it is food that is given. AT: "When you give food to them, they gather it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# gather + +"collect" + +# when you open your hand + +This describes Yahweh as opening his hand to give food to the creatures. AT: "when you open your hand to feed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/029.md b/psa/104/029.md index 825e17da16..a2d3a7f1df 100644 --- a/psa/104/029.md +++ b/psa/104/029.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## hide your face ## +# hide your face -AT: "when you do not look upon them" or "when you ignore them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This means that Yahweh does not look at them or pay attention to them. AT: "when you do not look upon them" or "when you ignore them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## dust ## +# return to dust -"dirt" or "ground" +This means that their bodies decay and are and become soil again. AT: "their bodies decay and return to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## When you send out your Spirit, they are created ## +# When you send out your Spirit -AT: "Your Holy Spirit gives life and creates them" +This refers to his Spirit being sent to give life to creatures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## renew ## +# they are created -to make something new again +It is Yahweh's spirit that created them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the countryside ## +# you renew the countryside -"the land" \ No newline at end of file +"you cause the land to be full of new life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/031.md b/psa/104/031.md deleted file mode 100644 index 69fe983486..0000000000 --- a/psa/104/031.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/033.md b/psa/104/033.md index ed0cac8f7f..2759208e0f 100644 --- a/psa/104/033.md +++ b/psa/104/033.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## my thoughts be sweet ## +# my thoughts be sweet -He is comparing his thoughts to something that tastes sweet. AT: "my thoughts be pleasing' or "my thoughts please" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +He is comparing his thoughts to something that tastes sweet. AT: "my thoughts be pleasing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/035.md b/psa/104/035.md index 2218e66652..c30cc5577a 100644 --- a/psa/104/035.md +++ b/psa/104/035.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## vanish from the earth ## +# vanish -AT: "die and no longer live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"disappear" -## let the wicked be no more ## +# let the wicked be no more -AT: "let the wicked die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "the wicked" refers to wicked people. AT: "may wicked people disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/104/intro.md b/psa/104/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..623dc4ce42 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/104/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 104 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 104 is the second in the series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Yahweh's creation ##### +God has created everything good on earth, in the sky and in the sea. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 104:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../103/intro.md) | [>>](../105/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/001.md b/psa/105/001.md index 4bdc2a0aa5..33c5540405 100644 --- a/psa/105/001.md +++ b/psa/105/001.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -See: Translating Poetry and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## call on his name ... in his holy name ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Here "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "call on him ... boast in Yahweh ..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# call on his name ... Boast in his holy name -## let the heart of those who seek Yahweh rejoice ## +Here "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "call on him ... Boast in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the nations + +This refers to the people in the nations. AT: "the people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let the heart of those who seek Yahweh rejoice Here "the heart" represents the person who seeks Yahweh. AT: "let the people who seek Yahweh rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/004.md b/psa/105/004.md index 2dd291ba87..0f5be94b4c 100644 --- a/psa/105/004.md +++ b/psa/105/004.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## recall ## +# Seek Yahweh and his strength -"remember" +To "seek Yahweh's strength" means to ask him to strengthen you. AT: "Seek Yahweh and ask him to give you his strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## decrees from his mouth ## +# Recall -"that he has spoken" +"Remember" -## his miracles and ... ## +# his miracles and -"Remember his miracles and ..." +It may be helpful to add the missing words. AT: "remember his miracles and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## you descendants of Abraham ... you people of Jacob ... ## +# decrees from his mouth -The author is speaking to the Israelites, calling them these names. \ No newline at end of file +Here "mouth" refers to the things that he spoke. AT: "decrees that he has spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you descendants of Abraham ... you people of Jacob + +The author is speaking to the Israelites, calling them these names. + +# Abraham his servant + +"Abraham, Yahweh's servant" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/007.md b/psa/105/007.md index 31eddb1e7a..7bbed2de10 100644 --- a/psa/105/007.md +++ b/psa/105/007.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He keeps in mind ... the word that he commanded ... ## +# He keeps in mind ... the word that he commanded -These two phrases share similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. The word "word" refers to the covenant. AT: "He remembers his covenant forever, the promise he made for 1,000 generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These two phrases share similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. The word "word" refers to the covenant. AT: "He keeps in mind his covenant forever, the promise he made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a thousand generation ## +# keeps in mind + +This means to remember and think about something. AT: "remembers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a thousand generations "1,000 generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/009.md b/psa/105/009.md index 18ab225e9f..6bd04ea0e4 100644 --- a/psa/105/009.md +++ b/psa/105/009.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## he calls to mind ## +# He calls to mind -"he remembers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The phrase "call to mind" means to remember something. AT: "he remembers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## his oath to Isaac ## +# the covenant that he made with Abraham ... his oath to Isaac -"his oath that he gave to Isaac" \ No newline at end of file +Both of these phrases "the covenant" and "the oath" refer to the same promise that Yahweh made to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his oath to Isaac + +It may be helpful to add the missing words. AT: "his oath that he gave to Isaac" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/012.md b/psa/105/012.md index 6bc3e37c51..4956b29cb4 100644 --- a/psa/105/012.md +++ b/psa/105/012.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## when they were only few in number ## +# Connecting Statement: + +The psalmist is writing about Israel. + +# when they were only few in number The word "they" refers to the Israelites. -## and were strangers in the land ## +# were strangers in the land -It is implied that "the land" refers to Canaan. AT: "and were foreigners in the land of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It is implied that "the land" refers to Canaan. AT: "were foreigners in the land of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## from nation to nation and from one kingdom to another ## +# They went from + +"They continued to wander" + +# from nation to nation and from one kingdom to another These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/014.md b/psa/105/014.md index 544810b4e9..24d3bd9464 100644 --- a/psa/105/014.md +++ b/psa/105/014.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## for their sakes ## +# Connecting Statement: -"for their own well-being" +The psalmist is writing about Israel. -## Do not touch my anointed ones ## +# for their sakes -AT: "Do not harm the people I have anointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +"for their own well-being." This is referring to Israel. + +# Do not touch my anointed ones + +Here "touch" means to harm, it's an exaggeration Yahweh used to strengthen his warning to not harm his people. AT: "Do not harm the people I have anointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/016.md b/psa/105/016.md index d7ad2d696b..0a7582563c 100644 --- a/psa/105/016.md +++ b/psa/105/016.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## He sent a man ahead of them ## +# He called for -AT: "He sent a man ahead of them to Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"He sent." This means that caused a famine to happen in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Joseph was sold as a servant ## +# the whole supply of bread -AT: "Joseph's brothers sold him as a slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "the whole supply of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# He sent a man ahead of them; Joseph + +It may be helpful to state that he sent him ahead of them to Egypt. AT: "He sent a man ahead of them to Egypt; he sent Joseph who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Joseph was sold as a servant + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joseph's brothers sold him as a slave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/018.md b/psa/105/018.md index 2df3a13ab0..d2ab887a93 100644 --- a/psa/105/018.md +++ b/psa/105/018.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## He called ... he cut ... he sent ## - -The word "he" in these phrases refers to God. - -## His feet were bound by shackles ... iron chains were put on him ## - -These two phrases share similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## shackles ## +# shackles metal restraints used to fasten a prisoner's wrists or ankles together -## until the time that his prediction ... proved him to be right ## +# His feet were bound by shackles; on his neck was put an iron collar -These two phrases share similar meanings and used together for emphasis. AT: "until the time when the word of Yahweh proved Joseph's prediction to be true." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These statements can be restated as active. AT: "The Egyptians bound his feet in shackles; they put an iron collar around his neck. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the word of Yahweh tested him + +"the message of Yahweh tested him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/020.md b/psa/105/020.md index d02e64bc77..59bbfe3879 100644 --- a/psa/105/020.md +++ b/psa/105/020.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## The king sent and released him; the ruler of the people set him free ## +# The king sent servants to release him; the ruler of the people set him free These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that the king set Joseph free. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Then Israel came into Egypt ## +# Then Israel came into Egypt -Here "Israel" refers to Jacob. Jacob also brought his family with him. AT: "Then Israel and his family came into Egypt" \ No newline at end of file +Here "Israel" refers to Jacob. Jacob also brought his family with him. AT: "Then Israel and his family came into Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/024.md b/psa/105/024.md index d007ab422a..d7c0895b00 100644 --- a/psa/105/024.md +++ b/psa/105/024.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## They performed his signs ... his wonders ... ## +# Yahweh made his people fruitful + +The writer speaks of the increase of Israel as if they were a plant that produced a lot of fruit. "God increased the number of his people greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to hate his people, to mistreat his servants + +"to hate his people and to mistreat his servants" + +# They performed his signs ... his wonders in the land of Ham These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "Moses and Aaron performed God's miracles in Egypt among the descendants of Ham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## his wonders in the land of Ham ## +# his wonders -"and they preformed his wonders in the land of Ham" \ No newline at end of file +The missing words may be added. AT: "and they performed his wonders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/028.md b/psa/105/028.md index 1ded8ac124..e7115bdf79 100644 --- a/psa/105/028.md +++ b/psa/105/028.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## He made the land dark ## +# made that land dark -AT: "He made the sky dark" +"made the sky dark" -## frogs ## +# frogs a small jumping reptile -## even in the rooms of their rulers ## +# even in the rooms of their rulers "they were even in the rooms of their rulers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/031.md b/psa/105/031.md index 51b5da341b..911f1d46a5 100644 --- a/psa/105/031.md +++ b/psa/105/031.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## gnats ## +# Connecting Statement: -small flying insects like flies but smaller +The psalmist continues to describe Yahweh's judgment on Egypt. -## swarms ## +# swarms large flying groups -## hail ## +# gnats -ice that falls from the sky like rain \ No newline at end of file +small flying insects like flies but smaller + +# hail + +ice that falls from the sky like rain + +# He destroyed ... he broke + +God caused the hail, rain, and lightning to ruin the vines and trees. AT: "He caused it to destroy ... and to break" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/034.md b/psa/105/034.md index ce813fda5a..d712947ca0 100644 --- a/psa/105/034.md +++ b/psa/105/034.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## so many locusts ## +# so many locusts "there were so many locusts" -## The locusts ate up all vegetation ... They ate up all the crops ... ## +# The locusts ate up all of the vegetation ... They ate up all the crops of the ground These two phrase have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "The insects ate all the plants and all the crops in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## He killed every firstborn in their land, the first fruits of all their strength ## +# He killed every firstborn in their land, the firstfruits of all their strength -Here the second phrase about the "first fruits" is used to describe the "firstborn" in the first phrase. AT: "He killed every firstborn in their land, which were the first fruits of all their strength" \ No newline at end of file +Here the second phrase about the "firstfruits" is used to describe the "firstborn" in the first phrase. AT: "He killed every firstborn in their land, which were the firstfruits of all their strength" or "Then Yahweh killed the oldest son in every house of the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/037.md b/psa/105/037.md index 386efa15ff..2f7a504848 100644 --- a/psa/105/037.md +++ b/psa/105/037.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## with silver and gold ## +# He brought the Israelites out with silver and gold -AT: "with silver and gold in their possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +When the Israelites left Egypt they took silver and gold with them. AT: "He brought the Isrealites out of Egypt with silver and gold in their possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## none of his tribes stumbled on the way ## +# none of his tribes stumbled on the way -AT: "no one was unable to make the journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +No one was left behind. This can be stated positively AT: "all of his tribes was able to make the journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## Egypt was glad ## +# Egypt was glad -AT: The people of Egypt were glad (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "Egypt" refers to the people who live in Egypt. AT: The people of Egypt were glad (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He spread a cloud for a covering ## +# He spread a cloud for a covering -AT: "He placed a cloud in the sky to protect them from the sun and heat" \ No newline at end of file +Here the psalmist describes Yahweh placing a cloud in the sky as if he were spreading out a garment. The cloud was a "covering" to protect them from the sun. AT: "He placed a cloud in the sky to protect them from the sun and heat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# made a fire to light up the night + +Yahweh placed a pillar of fire in the sky to give light during the night. AT: "placed a fire it the sky to light up the night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/040.md b/psa/105/040.md index e7861db154..3cced73c64 100644 --- a/psa/105/040.md +++ b/psa/105/040.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## and he brought quail ## +# he brought quail -AT: "and Yahweh brought small birds to eat" +It may be helpful to make clear that quail are small birds Yahweh sent for them to eat. AT: "Yahweh sent small birds to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## with bread from heaven ## +# with bread from heaven -AT: "with bread that fell from the sky" +Yahweh caused manna, a type of bread, to fall from the sky. AT: "with bread that fell from the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## called to mind ## +# they flowed -"remembered" \ No newline at end of file +"the waters flowed" + +# called to mind + +This means to remember. AT: "remembered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/043.md b/psa/105/043.md index cf30dd0377..91728d9e0b 100644 --- a/psa/105/043.md +++ b/psa/105/043.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## He led his people out ... his chosen with shouts ... ## +# He led his people out ... his chosen with shouts of triumph -These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to empahsize that God's people were joyful when he led them out of Egypt. AT: "He led his chosen people out with shouts of joy and triumph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that God's people were joyful when he led them out of Egypt. The people were shouting joyfully. AT: "He led his chosen people out with shouts of joy and triumph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## triumph ## +# his chosen + +Here "chosen" refers to Yahweh's chosen people. AT: "his chosen people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# triumph "celebration" or "joy" -## keep his statutes and obey his laws ## +# keep his statutes and obey his laws -These two phrase have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. "To keep" his statutes means to obey them. AT: "obey his laws and statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/105/intro.md b/psa/105/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e554b0cfea --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/105/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 105 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 105 is the third in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### +God protected Abraham and Jacob. He worked throughout Israel's history to bring Israel into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 105:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../104/intro.md) | [>>](../106/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/001.md b/psa/106/001.md index fc3bb26ce6..b0acdebb76 100644 --- a/psa/106/001.md +++ b/psa/106/001.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## Who can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh ... ? ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -The author asks this question to praise God and does not expect an answer. AT: "No one can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh ..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever -## praiseworthy deeds ## +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "for he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Who can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh ... deeds? + +The author asks this question to praise God and does not expect an answer. AT: "No one can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh ... deeds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# praiseworthy deeds "deeds that are worthy of praise" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/003.md b/psa/106/003.md index 878500a3a9..7e1ca3b294 100644 --- a/psa/106/003.md +++ b/psa/106/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Call me to mind ## +# Call me to mind -"remember me" +The phrase "call to mind" means to remember something. AT: "remember me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## of your chosen ## +# of your chosen -"of your chosen people" +The word "chosen" refers to Yahweh's chosen people. AT: "of your chosen people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## gladness ## +# rejoice in the gladness ... and glory -AT: "joy" or "delight" +These are things that David says he will do, along with "seeing the prosperity of your chosen." The missing words may be added. AT: "I will rejoice in the gladness ... and I will glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## glory with your inheritance ## +# gladness -AT: "boast of your greatness with your people." \ No newline at end of file +"joy" or "delight" + +# glory with your inheritance + +Here the phrase "your inheritance" refers to the Isrealites, who are Yahweh's chosen people. Here "glory" means "to boast about" something; in this case they are boasting about Yahweh. AT: "boast of your greatness with your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/006.md b/psa/106/006.md index 2468b23456..ca85b4f12e 100644 --- a/psa/106/006.md +++ b/psa/106/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## did not appreciate your marvelous deeds ## +# did not appreciate your marvelous deeds -"we not grateful for the marvelous deed you did" +"were not grateful for the marvelous deed you did" -## at the sea, the Red Sea ## +# they ignored your many acts of covenant faithfulness -The repetition here is for poetic emphasis. AT: "at the Red Sea" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "they ignored the many things that you did because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# at the sea ... the Sea of Reeds + +These two phrases refer to the same sea. The second is the name of the sea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/008.md b/psa/106/008.md index 6166df660a..90d1219690 100644 --- a/psa/106/008.md +++ b/psa/106/008.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Nevertheless ## +# Nevertheless "Yet" or "Even so" -## through the depths, as through a wilderness ## +# for his name's sake -AT: "through the Red Sea on dry ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here "his name" refers to Yahweh. AT: "for the sake of his own reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the depths ## +# through the depths, as through a wilderness -AT: "the riverbed" \ No newline at end of file +Here David compares the way that Yahweh led the Isrealites through the Sea of Reeds to the way people can be led across the dry ground of a wilderness. "The depths" refers the riverbed that appeared after Yahweh parted the waters. AT: "through the Seas of Reeds on dry ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/010.md b/psa/106/010.md index b7f7bad52e..0ecd69bd13 100644 --- a/psa/106/010.md +++ b/psa/106/010.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## He saved them from the hand ... and he rescued them from the power ... ## +# He saved them from the hand ... and he rescued them from the hand -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. AT: See UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize that Yahweh saved them from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the hand of those who hated them ## +# the hand of those who hated them -AT: "the oppression of those who hated them" or "the control of those who hated them" +Here "hand" refers to power or control. AT: "the power of those who hated them" or "the control of those who hated them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## covered their adversaries ## +# covered their adversaries -AT: "drowned their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a polite way to talk about them drowning. AT: "drowned their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## Then they believed his words ## +# Then they believed his words Here the word "they" refers to "their ancestors" and the word "his" refers to "Yahweh". \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/013.md b/psa/106/013.md index f92ca202d2..38e96e7110 100644 --- a/psa/106/013.md +++ b/psa/106/013.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## insatiable cravings ## +# they did not wait for his instructions + +It is implied that they did things without waiting to find out what Yahweh wanted them to go. AT: "they did things without first waiting for Yahweh's instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# insatiable cravings "cravings that could not be satisfied" -## they challenged God ## +# they challenged God -AT: "They rebelled against God" +"They rebelled against God" -## consumed ## +# consumed -"overtook" or "took over" \ No newline at end of file +"overtook" or "took over" + +# but sent a disease + +Here David speaks about Yahweh causing the people to be afflicted by a disease as if Yahweh sent a disease to them in the same way that someone sends a person or a messenger. AT: "but he caused a disease to consume their bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/016.md b/psa/106/016.md index 0bc54aae56..521950046b 100644 --- a/psa/106/016.md +++ b/psa/106/016.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## In the camp ## +# In the camp -AT: "In the camp in the wilderness" +This refers to the Israelites' camp in the wilderness. AT: "In the camp in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The earth opened and swallowed up ## +# The earth opened and swallowed up Here how the ground opens up and buries the people is being compared to how a creature swallows something. AT: "The earth opened and buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Dathan ## +# Dathan This was an official who rebelled against Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Abiram ## +# covered the followers of Abiram + +The followers of Abiram were also buried when the earth opened and buried Dathan. AT: "it also covered the followers of Abiram" or "it also buried the followers of Abiram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Abiram This was an official who rebelled against Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Fire broke out among them; the fire consumed the wicked ## +# Fire broke out among them; the fire consumed the wicked These two phrases mean the same things and are written together to emphasize how the wicked people were killed by the fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/019.md b/psa/106/019.md index 69fe983486..11bc65735b 100644 --- a/psa/106/019.md +++ b/psa/106/019.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# They made a calf at Horeb and worshiped a cast metal figure + +This information can be reordered so that it is clear that the calf was the cast metal figure. AT: "At Horeb, they made a cast metal figure of a calf and worshiped it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They traded the glory of God for the image of a bull + +This means that instead of worshiping God they worshiped the image of the bull. AT: "They traded worshiping the glory of God to worship the image of a bull" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the glory of God + +Here God is referred to by his glory. AT: "their glorious God" or "God who is glorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/022.md b/psa/106/022.md index 8e06f89ad4..320a602da9 100644 --- a/psa/106/022.md +++ b/psa/106/022.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the land of Ham ## +# the land of Ham -AT: "the land where Ham's descendant live" +This refers to the land where Ham's descendants lived. AT: "the land where Ham's descendant live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) -## mighty acts ## +# mighty acts "awesome things" -## intervened with him in the breach to turn away his anger from destroying them ## +# intervened with him in the breach ... from destroying them -AT: "stood between Yahweh and the Israelites and begged Yahweh to not destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here David speaks about Moses persuading Yahweh not to destroy the Israelites as intervening with him in the breach. AT: "stood between Yahweh and the Israelites and begged Yahweh to not destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/024.md b/psa/106/024.md index 32eafc5435..a20d11fb83 100644 --- a/psa/106/024.md +++ b/psa/106/024.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## fruitful ## +# grumbled -"pleasant" or "beloved" +"complained" -## grumbled ## +# his promise -"complained" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Yahweh's promise that he would allow them to take the land of Canaan as their possession. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/026.md b/psa/106/026.md index dafaee5811..7f3629f814 100644 --- a/psa/106/026.md +++ b/psa/106/026.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## raised his hand ## +# raised his hand -The Israelites often raised their hands when swearing an oath. +The word "his" refers to Yahweh. Also, it was custom to raise a hand when swearing an oath. -## scatter their descendants among the nations, and scatter them in foreign lands. ## +# scatter their descendants ... in foreign lands These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "and that he would make their descendants live in foreign lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## scatter ## +# scatter This means to disperse or spread out something. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/028.md b/psa/106/028.md index 386de44115..fd61e1a53c 100644 --- a/psa/106/028.md +++ b/psa/106/028.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Peor ## +# the sacrifices offered to the dead -This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sacrifices that they offered to the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to the dead ## +# to the dead -"The dead" refers to the idols and gods that the Israelites were worshiping. AT: "to gods who are dead" or "to lifeless gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"The dead" refers to the idols and gods that the Israelites were worshiping. AT: "to gods who are dead" or "to lifeless gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## a plague broke out ## +# a plague broke out "a plague spread" -## provoked him to anger ## +# provoked him to anger -AT: "angered him" \ No newline at end of file +"angered him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/030.md b/psa/106/030.md index 69fe983486..45e01e0f0b 100644 --- a/psa/106/030.md +++ b/psa/106/030.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# Then Phinehas rose to intervene + +Phinehas intervened among the people, punishing them for their sin. This can be made clear. AT: "Then Phinehas rose to intervene among the people because of their sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It was counted to him as a righteous deed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People credited it to him as a righteous deed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/032.md b/psa/106/032.md index 1ce8ab9037..228cfd743a 100644 --- a/psa/106/032.md +++ b/psa/106/032.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Meribah ## +# Meribah This is a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## suffered because of them ## +# suffered because of them -AT: "suffered because of what they did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Moses suffered because of the peoples' sin. Here the word "them" is a pronoun for the people and a metonym referring to their sin. AT: "suffered because of their actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## spoke rashly ## +# but they mingled with the nations -AT: "spoke without thinking" +Hey David speaks of the people intermarrying with the women from other nations as "mingling" with them. AT: "but they mixed in marriage with the other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but they mingled with the nations ## +# which became a snare to them -AT: "but they mixed in marriage with the other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The idols became a snare to them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/037.md b/psa/106/037.md index 3cf6817f21..fc92e4edd8 100644 --- a/psa/106/037.md +++ b/psa/106/037.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## They shed innocent blood ## +# They shed innocent blood, the blood of their sons and of their daughters -AT: "They killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The phrase "shedding blood" is a descriptive euphemism used for "killing." AT: "They shed innocent blood when they killed their sons and daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## They were defiled by their deeds ## +# They were defiled by their deeds -AT: "Their deeds defiled them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Their deeds defiled them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## in their actions they were like prostitutes ## +# in their actions they were like prostitutes -AT: "they were as unfaithful to Yahweh as prostitutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here David compares their unfaithfulness to Yahweh to the unfaithfulness of a prostitute. AT: "they were as unfaithful to Yahweh as prostitutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/040.md b/psa/106/040.md index 036dfb48e8..ef021a32cb 100644 --- a/psa/106/040.md +++ b/psa/106/040.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He handed them over to the nations ## +# So Yahweh was angry with his people ... he despised his own people -AT: "God allowed them to be captured by the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"So Yahweh was angry with his people and despised them" -## those who hated them ## +# He gave them into the hand of the nations + +Here "hand" refers to power or control. AT: "God allowed the nations to take control of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those who hated them "people who hated them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/042.md b/psa/106/042.md index d2647487b9..db42a023f6 100644 --- a/psa/106/042.md +++ b/psa/106/042.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## and they were brought into subjection to their authority. ## +# they were brought into subjection to their authority -AT: "and their enemies caused them to be subject to their authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "their enemies caused them to be subject to their authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## were brought low by their own sin. ## +# were brought low by their own sin -AT: "their sin ruined them" or "their sin destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the phrase "brought low" means to be destroyed. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "their sin ruined them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/044.md b/psa/106/044.md index eb87634ace..20d1ebb0e9 100644 --- a/psa/106/044.md +++ b/psa/106/044.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Nevertheless ## +# Nevertheless -See how you translated this in [Psalms 106:8](./008.md). +"Yet" or "Even so." See how you translated this in [Psalms 106:8](./008.md). -## their distress ## +# their distress "their affliction" or "their suffering" -## and relented ## +# called to mind -AT: "and he had compassion towards them" +The phrase "call to mind" means to remember something. AT: "remembered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## to have pity on them ## +# relented + +"he had compassion towards them" + +# their conquerers + +"their captors." This refers to the Isrealites' enemies who had taken them captive. + +# to have pity on them "to be compassionate on them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/047.md b/psa/106/047.md index 5a12045771..e9ab9ec200 100644 --- a/psa/106/047.md +++ b/psa/106/047.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## May Yahweh, the God of Israel, be praised ## +# General Information: -AT: "May people praise Yahweh, the God of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here 106:48 is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 4 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 90 and ends with Psalm 106. -## from everlasting to everlasting ## +# May Yahweh, the God of Israel, be praised -AT: "for all eternity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people praise Yahweh the God of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# to your holy name + +Here Yahweh is referred to by his "holy name." AT: "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# from everlasting to everlasting + +This refers to two extremes and means for all time. See how you translated this in [Psalms 41:13](../041/013.md). AT: "for all eternity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/106/intro.md b/psa/106/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5fbc9086c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/106/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 106 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 106 is the fourth in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel's sin ##### +Although Israel continually sinned in the desert, God still took them to the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 106:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../105/intro.md) | [>>](../107/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/001.md b/psa/107/001.md index 183573f0a2..4e03d9bc5c 100644 --- a/psa/107/001.md +++ b/psa/107/001.md @@ -1,33 +1,27 @@ -See: talink Translating Poetry and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## Give thanks to Yahweh...endures forever ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 106:1](../106/001.md). +# his covenant faithfulness endures forever -## the redeemed of Yahweh ## +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -"those whom Yahweh has saved" +# the redeemed of Yahweh -## speak out ## +"The redeemed" refers to the people whom Yahweh has saved. AT: "those whom Yahweh has saved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -AT: "speak in order to give thanks to Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# speak out -## from the power the enemy ## +This means to tell others about something. AT: "tell about what Yahweh has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -Possible meanings are 1) "from the power of their enemy" or 2) "from trouble." +# from the hand of the enemy -## foreign lands ## +Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "from the power of the enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"many lands" or "many countries" +# from the east ... and from the south -## from the east ...and from the south ## +Here the four directions are given to emphasize that he gather them from everywhere. AT: "from every direction" or "from every part of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -AT: "from every direction" or "from every part of the world." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +# from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south -## from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south ## - -AT: "he has gathered them from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) - -## He has gathered them out of foreign lands, from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south ## - -AT: "He has gathered them from everywhere that they were scattered." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This describes the places that Yahweh gather his people from. AT: "he has gathered them from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/004.md b/psa/107/004.md index 2755865d47..e8f5d12be2 100644 --- a/psa/107/004.md +++ b/psa/107/004.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## They wandered ## +# They wandered "Some people wandered" -## on a desert road ## +# on a desert road "on a road that was in the desert" -## in which to live ## +# in which to live "that they could live in" -## they called out to Yahweh ## +# Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble -It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. AT: "they prayed to Yahweh for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. AT: "Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## distress ## +# distress "difficulties" or "afflictions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/008.md b/psa/107/008.md index 8061d41f03..fad4e96a61 100644 --- a/psa/107/008.md +++ b/psa/107/008.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Oh that people would praise Yahweh ## +# Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness -This is a third person command "Let people praise Yahweh" or "People should praise Yahweh" +Here the word "Oh" is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" or "People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## for his covenant faithfulness ## +# humanity -"because he faithfully loves them" +"people" or "humans" -## For he satisfies the longings of those who are thirsty ## +# For he satisfies the longings of those who are thirsty -“he gives water to those who desire it—to those who are thirsty” +"For he gives water to those who desire it—to those who are thirsty" -## and the desires of those who are hungry he fills up with good things ## +# the desires of those who are hungry he fills up with good things -“those who are very hungry and desire food, he give them good things to eat.” +"to those who are very hungry and desire food, he give them good things to eat" -## for humanity ## +# for humanity "for all people" -## Some sat ## +# Some sat -It is implied that these are people that Yahweh has rescued. AT: "Yahweh also rescued people who sat." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It is implied that these are people that Yahweh has rescued. AT: "Yahweh also rescued people who sat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## in gloom ## +# in darkness and in gloom -"in complete darkness" \ No newline at end of file +Both "darkness" and "gloom" have basically the same meaning and are used to emphasize how dark the prison was. AT: "in complete darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/011.md b/psa/107/011.md index 04eb72aecd..d104d6a744 100644 --- a/psa/107/011.md +++ b/psa/107/011.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## This was because they had rebelled against God's word and rejected the instruction of the Most High ## +# they had rebelled against God's word ... rejected the instruction of the Most High -These clauses have much the same meaning. AT: "They were in prison because they refused to obey God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These phrases have similar meanings and emphasize how much they had rebelled again God, which is why they had been imprisoned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## He humbled their hearts through hardship ## +# He humbled their hearts through hardship -The heart represents the will of a person. AT: "He used suffering to make them willing to listen to himself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the heart represents a person, but specifically his will. AT: "He humbled them by allowing them to suffer hardship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## hardship ## +# hardship Possible meanings are 1) "trouble" or 2) "hard labor." -## they stumbled and there ## +# they stumbled and there was no one to help them up -The word "stumbled" refers to times when these people got into very difficult situations and could not get themselves out of these situations. AT: "they were in trouble, but there." +The word "stumbled" refers to times when these people got into very difficult situations. AT: "they got into trouble and there was no one to help them out of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Then they called out…their distress ## +# Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble -See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:4](./004.md), but notice that "rescued" and "brought" are different ideas, although they express the same general thought. +It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](./004.md). AT: "Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he brought ## +# their distress -"he saved" \ No newline at end of file +"difficulties" or "afflictions." See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](./004.md) + +# he brought + +Here David describes Yahweh saving them from their distress as if their distress were a physical place that he was bringing them out of. AT: "he saved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/014.md b/psa/107/014.md index bf0e489db2..73825989e6 100644 --- a/psa/107/014.md +++ b/psa/107/014.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## He brought them ## +# He brought them "Yahweh brought those in prison" -## darkness and gloom ## +# darkness and gloom -See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](./008.md). +Both "darkness" and "gloom" have basically the same meaning and are used to emphasize how dark the prison was. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:10](./008.md). AT: "complete darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Oh that people...for humanity ## +# Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness -See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](./008.md). +Here the word "Oh" is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](./008.md). AT: "Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" or "People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## For he ## +# For he "because he" -## For he has broken the gates of bronze and cut through the bars of iron ## +# For he has broken the gates of bronze and cut through the bars of iron -AT: "He freed his people from prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these phrases describe Yahweh freeing his people from prison and are used to emphasize that Yahweh truly freed them. AT: "He freed his people from prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/017.md b/psa/107/017.md index 1cd6c9221c..6dcfdb0145 100644 --- a/psa/107/017.md +++ b/psa/107/017.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## They were foolish in their rebellious ways ## +# They were foolish in their rebellious ways -."Some people were foolish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"They were foolish in the way they rebelled against Yahweh" -## in their rebellious ways ## +# afflicted -The word "ways" refers to how a person acts. AT: "because they refused to obey." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"they suffered." Specifically they were afflicted by becoming sick. AT: "they became sick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and afflicted because of their sins ## +# they came close to the gates of death -"they became sick because of their sins" +Here the act of "dying" is described as a place, "the gates of death" AT: "they almost died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they came close to the gates of death ## +# Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble -AT: "they almost died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## Then they called out…their distress ## - -See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:11](./011.md). \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](./004.md). AT: "Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/020.md b/psa/107/020.md index 3d19fcb0c5..593c460c5a 100644 --- a/psa/107/020.md +++ b/psa/107/020.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## He sent his word ## +# He sent his word and healed them -Yahweh sends his word as though it were his messenger. AT: "Yahweh gave them his word." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here David describes Yahweh speaking as sending his words as if they were a messenger. Possible meanings are 1) "He commanded for them to be healed and they were healed" or 2) "He encouraged them and healed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## and healed them ## +# Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness -"in order to heal them." The word "them" refers to the people who had become foolish and were suffering. +Here the word "Oh" is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](./008.md). AT: "Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" or "People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Oh that people...for humanity ## - -See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](./008.md). - -## of thanksgiving ## +# of thanksgiving "that show that they are thankful" -## proclaim his deeds in singing ## +# in singing -"tell others about the things he has done by singing joyfully" \ No newline at end of file +"by singing about them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/023.md b/psa/107/023.md index 6f69c8d32e..9532742873 100644 --- a/psa/107/023.md +++ b/psa/107/023.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## and do business overseas ## +# and do business overseas -"those travel in ships to trade with other countries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +They would sail to places and buy and sell things with the people there. AT: "selling things in cities far away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/025.md b/psa/107/025.md index 9744ac1d06..1586e8edd6 100644 --- a/psa/107/025.md +++ b/psa/107/025.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## and aroused the windstorm ## +# he commanded and aroused the windstorm that stirs up the seas -"and made the wind of a storm appear" +"he commanded the wind and caused it become a great windstorm that stirred up the sea" -## that stirs up the seas ## +# windstorm -"and the wind caused the waves of the sea to become very high" +a strong wind, like the wind that accompanies a strong rain storm -## They reached up to the sky; they went down to the depths. ## +# that stirs up the seas -the description seems to be about sailors on the ocean (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here David describes the winds causing the waves to become high as if the wind was an object fiercely stirring something. AT: "that caused the waves of the sea to become very high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to the depths ## +# They reached up to the sky; they went down to the depths -"deep into the sea between the high waves" +This describes the ships rising and falling with the waves. The extremes of rising to the sky and falling to the depths are an exaggeration to express how horrible the windstorm was and how large the waves were. AT: "their ships would rise very high on the waves and then they would fall very low between the waves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## The men's courage melted away ## +# Their lives melted away in distress -AT: "They were terrified." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom describes the sailors' great fear. AT: "The men were terrified and greatly distressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## like drunkards ## +# were at their wits' end -"like people who are drunk" - -## and were at their wits's end ## - -"and the sailors did not know what to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "at their wit's end" means that they did not know what to do. AT: "and they did not know what to do" or "they had no idea what to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/028.md b/psa/107/028.md index 26d0438981..97b7df4465 100644 --- a/psa/107/028.md +++ b/psa/107/028.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Then they called out…their distress. ## +# Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble -See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:4](./004.md) +It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](./004.md). AT: "Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Then they ## +# Then they The word "they" refers to the sailors. -## He calmed the storm ## +# He calmed the storm "He made the wind stop" -## the waves were stilled ## +# the waves were stilled -AT: "he made the waves still." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he made the waves still" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he brought them ## +# he brought them "he guided them" -## their desired harbor ## +# their desired harbor -AT: "to where they wanted to go" \ No newline at end of file +"to the harbor where they wanted to go" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/031.md b/psa/107/031.md index 14cba7000c..9063d89f9e 100644 --- a/psa/107/031.md +++ b/psa/107/031.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## Oh that people...for humanity ## +# Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness -See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](./008.md). +Here the word "Oh" is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](./008.md). AT: "Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" or "People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Let them exalt ## - -AT: “They should praise" - -## in the assembly of the people ## - -"when the people gather together" - -## in the council of the elders ## +# praise him in the council of the elders "when the elders sit together." The elders sat together to discuss issues in the community and to make decisions for the community. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/033.md b/psa/107/033.md index d36840cbff..448c334191 100644 --- a/psa/107/033.md +++ b/psa/107/033.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## He turns ## +# He turns "Yahweh makes" -## a wilderness ## +# because of the wickedness of its people -"a desert" +"because the people that live there are wicked" -## a fruitful land ## +# He turns the wilderness into a pool of water and dry land into springs of water -"a land that grows a lot of crops" - -## a barren place ## - -"a place where nothing grows" - -## because of the wickedness of its people ## - -"because the people that live there are bad" - -## He turns the wilderness into a pool of water and dry land into springs of water. ## - -AT: "He make springs and lakes in land that used to be desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these phrases have similar meaning and emphasize how Yahweh makes water appear in the wilderness. AT: "He make springs and lakes in land that used to be desert" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/036.md b/psa/107/036.md index 9d4cefd699..01765f8791 100644 --- a/psa/107/036.md +++ b/psa/107/036.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## He settles the hungry there ## +# He settles the hungry there -"Yahweh makes people who are hungry live there" +The word "there" refers to the places where Yahweh made springs and lakes appear. Also, the phrase "the hungry" refers to people who are hungry. AT: "Yahweh makes people who are hungry live there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## there ## +# to plant vineyards -in the land where he turned the desert into a lake and the dry land into springs +"to plant vineyards in" -## to plant fields in, to plant vineyards ## +# and to bring in an abundant harvest -AT: "and plant crops and fruit" +"so that they can produce a plentiful harvest" -## and to bring in an abundant harvest ## +# so they are very numerous -"and they grow produce that they can harvest" +"so that their people are very numerous" -## so they are very numerous ## +# He does not let their cattle decrease in number -"so that there are very many people" - -## He does not let their cattle decrease in number ## - -"He will not make their animals few in number." AT: "He gives them very many animals." (See: [[[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "He keeps their cattle very numerous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/039.md b/psa/107/039.md index 403771e4b8..f4a24838cf 100644 --- a/psa/107/039.md +++ b/psa/107/039.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## They ## +# They -The word "They" refers to the people who were hungry but Yahweh blessed them. +The word "They" refers to the people who were hungry that Yahweh had settled in the land. This sentence describes how they were before Yahweh settled them in the land. -## were diminished ## +# They were diminished and brought low + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Their leaders diminished their number and brought them low" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# were diminished "became fewer in number" -## and brought low by painful distress and suffering ## +# brought low -AT: "because their leaders oppressed and made them suffer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This means to be humiliated. AT: "humiliated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## pours contempt on ## +# pours contempt on -AT: "shows contempt for." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here David speaks of Yahweh showing contempt for the leaders as if contempt were a liquid he poured out on them. AT: "shows contempt for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the leaders ## +# the leaders -"the nobility" or "the upper class" +"the nobles." This refers to the leaders who oppressed the people. AT: "the leaders who oppressed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## where there are no roads ## +# where there are no roads -"where people never go." \ No newline at end of file +"where people never go" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/041.md b/psa/107/041.md index 3750bbfec7..e4f3c582ce 100644 --- a/psa/107/041.md +++ b/psa/107/041.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## But he ## +# But he "But Yahweh" -## the needy ## +# the needy -"the poor" or "the oppressed" +This refers to needy people. AT: "needy people" or "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## from affliction ## +# cares for his families like a flock -"from suffering" +Here David compares how Yahweh cares for his people to how a shepherd cares for his sheep. Possible meanings are 1) "makes the number of people in their families increase like flocks" or 2) "takes care of them like a shepherd cares for his sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## cares for his families like a flock ## +# The upright -AT: "increases the number of people in their families like flocks." or "causes them to have many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This refers to people who live in an upright way. AT: "Upright people" or "People who do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## The upright ## +# all wickedness -"People who do what is right" or "Those who obey Yahweh" +Here wicked people are referred to as "wickedness." AT: "all wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## all wickedness ## +# shuts its mouth -AT: "people who do wicked things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This means to not say anything in response. AT: "has nothing to say against Yahweh in reply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## shuts its mouth ## +# take note of these things -AT: "has nothing to say against Yahweh in reply." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This means to think about these things. AT: "think about these things" or "remember these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## take note of these things ## +# meditate on Yahweh's acts of covenant faithfulness -"keep these things in mind" or "heed these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "meditate on the things that Yahweh has done that show that he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/107/intro.md b/psa/107/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bb6096cb31 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/107/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 107 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 107 is the last in a series of five psalms of praise to God (Psalm 103-107). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Praise ##### +The psalmist praises Yahweh for saving people lost in the desert, in prison, sick, in a storm at sea, homeless and oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/oppress]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 107:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../106/intro.md) | [>>](../108/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/108/001.md b/psa/108/001.md index e153c5e79e..3c21102149 100644 --- a/psa/108/001.md +++ b/psa/108/001.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A song, a psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +# a psalm of David -## My heart is fixed, God ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -Here David is referring to himself by his heart. Also, the word "fixed" means to trust completely. AT: "My heart is fixed on you, God" or “I am trusting completely in you, God” +# My heart is fixed, God -## I will sing praises also with my honored heart ## +Here David is referring to himself by his heart. Also, the word "fixed" means to trust completely. AT: "My heart is fixed on you, God" or "I am trusting completely in you, God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -Here David refers to himself as having the honor of praising God. AT: "You honor me by allowing me to sing praises to you." +# I will sing praises also with my honored heart -## Wake up, lute and harp ## +Here David is represented by his "heart." David refers to himself as having the honor of praising God. AT: "You honor me by allowing me to sing praises to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# Wake up, lute and harp Here David describes playing his instruments as waking them up from sleep. AT: "I will praise you by playing the lute and the harp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## I will wake up the dawn ## +# I will wake up the dawn Here David is describing the dawn waking up like a person waking up in the morning. AT: "I will be praising you when the dawn comes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## dawn ## +# dawn when the sun rises \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/108/003.md b/psa/108/003.md index 9f66cb2363..b66446c402 100644 --- a/psa/108/003.md +++ b/psa/108/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -## give thanks to you, Yahweh, among the peoples; I will sing praises to you among the nations. ## +# your covenant faithfulness is great above the heavens; and your trustworthiness reaches to the skies -These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See” Parallelism) - -## For your covenant faithfulness is great above the heavens; and your trustworthiness reaches to the skies. ## - -These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See” Parallelism) - -## your covenant faithfulness is great above the heavens ## - -AT: "your covenant faithfulness has no end" or "you have the most covenant faithfulness possible." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases have similar meanings. They speak of the greatness of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were objects that were tall enough to reach up to the sky. The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "For your covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness are greater than the distance between heaven and earth" or "For you are more faithful to your covenant and more worthy of people trusting you than the sky is higher than the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/108/005.md b/psa/108/005.md index ff3e47b50f..15334ae302 100644 --- a/psa/108/005.md +++ b/psa/108/005.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Be exalted...all the earth ## +# Be exalted, God, above the heavens -See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:9](../057/009.md). +The psalmist is asking God to show that he is exalted. Being exalted above the heavens represents being great. AT: "God, show that you are exalted above the heavens" or "God, show that you are great in the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## may your glory be exalted ## +# may your glory be exalted -"may you be exalted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here Yahweh is referred to by his "glory." AT: "may you be exalted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## rescue us with your right hand and answer me ## +# So that those you love may be rescued -AT: "please answer my prayer by rescuing us by your great power" +This can be stated in active form. AT: Because those you love need rescuing" or "Rescue those you love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## with your right hand ## +# with your right hand -"by your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here Yahweh's "right hand" refers to his power. AT: "by your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## So that those you love...and answer me ## +# answer me -See how you translated this in [Psalms 60:4](../060/004.md). \ No newline at end of file +Answering here represents responding to his request. AT: "respond to my request" or "answer my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/108/007.md b/psa/108/007.md index 545ff0cc88..1192fd02fb 100644 --- a/psa/108/007.md +++ b/psa/108/007.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## God has spoken in his holiness ... Judah is my scepter ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this passage in [Psalms 60:6](../060/006.md). \ No newline at end of file +These verses are the same as those in [Psalms 60:6-7](../060/006.md). + +# God has spoken in his holiness + +Here David describes God speaking something because he is holy as speaking "in his holiness," as if his holiness were something that he was physically inside of. AT: "God, because he is holy, has said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will divide Shechem and apportion out the Valley of Succoth + +Here God is speaking about dividing the land of Shechem and the Valley of Succoth. + +# apportion + +to divide into portions + +# Ephraim also is my helmet + +God speaks of the tribe of Ephraim as if it were his army. The helmet symbolizes equipment for war. AT: "Ephraim is like a helmet I have chosen" or "The tribe of Ephraim is my army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# helmet + +a hard hat that soldiers wear to protect their heads from injury + +# Judah is my scepter + +God chose men from the tribe of Judah to be the kings of his people, and he speaks of that tribe as if it were his scepter. AT: "The tribe of Judah is like my scepter" or "Judah is the tribe through whom I rule my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/108/009.md b/psa/108/009.md index 26f2ff665a..c5c6ba5b0b 100644 --- a/psa/108/009.md +++ b/psa/108/009.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Moab is my washbasin...will lead me to Edom ## +# General Information: -Translate this passage the same way you translated it in [Psalms 60:8](../060/008.md). \ No newline at end of file +These verses are the same as those in [Psalms 60:8-9](../060/008.md). + +# Moab is my washbasin + +God speaks of Moab being unimportant as if Moab were a washbasin or a lowly servant. AT: "Moab is like a bowl that I use for washing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# over Edom I will throw my shoe + +God was probably speaking of taking ownership of Edom as if he were symbolically throwing his shoe onto that land to show that he owns it. However some versions have other interpretations. AT: "I take ownership of the land of Edom" or "I throw my shoe onto the land of Edom to show that it is mine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/108/011.md b/psa/108/011.md index 8b40bbc04d..7a9eb3f753 100644 --- a/psa/108/011.md +++ b/psa/108/011.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## God, have you not rejected us...will trample down our enemies ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this passage in [Psalms 60:10](../060/010.md), but notice that 108:11 does not have "But you." \ No newline at end of file +These verses are the same as those in [Psalms 60:10-12](../060/010.md), but notice that 108:11 does not have the phrase "But you," like the beginning of 60:10. + +# God, have you not rejected us? + +The psalmist uses this question to express his sadness that it seems that God has rejected them. AT: "It seems like you have rejected us!" or "God, you seem to have abandoned us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# You do not go into battle with our army + +The psalmist speaks of God helping their army as if God were to go and fight with them. AT: "you do not help our army when we go into battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# futile + +"worthless" + +# triumph + +"have victory" + +# he will trample down our enemies + +The psalmist speaks of God helping their army defeat their enemies as if God were to trample down the enemies. AT: "he will enable us to trample down our enemies" or "he will make us able to defeat our enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/108/intro.md b/psa/108/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..31380879de --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/108/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 108 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 108 is a psalm of war. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Victory ##### +God promised success to the psalmist, but Yahweh failed to help him conquer the country of Edom. He needed God to give him victory over Edom. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 108:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../107/intro.md) | [>>](../109/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/001.md b/psa/109/001.md index 9b65fd58ed..ceef47efc3 100644 --- a/psa/109/001.md +++ b/psa/109/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## For the wicked and deceitful ## +# For the wicked and deceitful -The words "wicked" and "deceitful" have similar meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "For wicked and deceitful men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "wicked" and "deceitful" refer to people. They have similar meanings and emphasize how bad these people are. AT: "For wicked and deceitful men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/004.md b/psa/109/004.md index 99313610d9..16f7a9d716 100644 --- a/psa/109/004.md +++ b/psa/109/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## for my love ... hate my love ## - -"for my love for them ... hate my love for them" - -## In return for my love they slander me ## +# In return for my love they slander me "Although I loved them, they accuse me" -## they slander me ## +# my love + +"my love for them" + +# they slander me The word "they" refers to the people who are wicked and deceitful. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/006.md b/psa/109/006.md index bb121cab99..e4b0b9609c 100644 --- a/psa/109/006.md +++ b/psa/109/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Appoint a wicked man ... appoint an accuser ... ## +# Appoint a wicked man ... appoint an accuser -These two phrases are parallel and refer to the same person who is to be appointed over "my enemy". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases are parallel and the phrases "a wicked man" and "an accuser" refer to the same person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## at his right hand ## +# at his right hand -"at my enemy's right hand" \ No newline at end of file +"at my enemy's right hand" + +# When he is judged, may he be found guilty + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "When he is on trial, may the judge find him guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# may his prayer be considered sinful + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "consider his prayer sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/008.md b/psa/109/008.md index 9bf2c8d7dd..ec19b3f4ee 100644 --- a/psa/109/008.md +++ b/psa/109/008.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## May his days be few ## +# May his days be few -"May he not live a long time." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The phrase "his days" refers to the length of his life. AT: "May he not live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## his office ## +# his office "his position of authority" -## handouts ## +# handouts food or money given to beggars -## their ruined home ## +# their ruined home -AT: "the desolate places where they are living" \ No newline at end of file +"their destroyed homes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/011.md b/psa/109/011.md index 30326907ec..67fa868606 100644 --- a/psa/109/011.md +++ b/psa/109/011.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the creditor ## +# the creditor someone who lends money to another person but expects that the person will pay the money back -## plunder ## +# plunder "steal" -## May his children be cut off; may their name be blotted out ... ## +# May his children be cut off; may their name be blotted out -These two phrases have similar meanings. AT: "May his children be destroyed; may he have no descendants in the next generation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize his children being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# May his children be cut off + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Cause his children to be cut off" or "Cause his children to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# may their name be blotted out in the next generation + +Here the idea of there being no one to carry on the family name is spoke of as "their name being blotted out." AT: "may there be no one to carry on his name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/014.md b/psa/109/014.md index 32d25b1496..6b868ce59c 100644 --- a/psa/109/014.md +++ b/psa/109/014.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## May his ancestors' sins be mentioned to Yahweh ## +# May his ancestors' sins be mentioned to Yahweh -AT: "May you remember the sins of his ancestors, Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May you remember the sins of his ancestors, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## May their guilt always be before Yahweh ## +# may the sin of his mother not be forgotten -AT: "May Yahweh continually think about their sins." +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May you not forget the sins that his mother committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## may Yahweh cut off their memory from the earth ## +# May their guilt always be before Yahweh -David uses the word "earth" to refer to all the people that live on the earth. AT: "may Yahweh make it so that no one on earth remembers them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here David speaks about Yahweh thinking about their guilt as if their guilt is something physically present before him. AT: "May Yahweh continually think about their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## needy ## +# may Yahweh cut off their memory from the earth -"those in need" +David uses the word "earth" to refer to all the people that live on the earth. Also, the phrase "their memory" refers to people remembering them after they have died. AT: "may Yahweh make it so that no one on earth remembers them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the disheartened ## +# this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness -"the brokenhearted" or "those who have lost hope" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to him showing covenant faithfulness to people. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness to people" or "this man never did anything to show that he was faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the oppressed, the needy + +This refers to oppressed and needy people. AT: "oppressed people, needy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the disheartened + +This refers to people who are disheartened. AT: "disheartened people" or "people who have lost hope" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# to death + +"until they died." This means that he harassed them until they died. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/017.md b/psa/109/017.md index f58d01e74d..709d0b1719 100644 --- a/psa/109/017.md +++ b/psa/109/017.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## may it come back upon him ## +# may it come back upon him "may his curses come upon him" -## He clothed himself...into his bones ## +# He clothed himself with cursing as his garment -David uses these images to emphasize that curses filled every part of the man, even the innermost part of him. AT: "Curses became part of who he was and all he could do was curse other people." (See:5. Clothing is Moral Quality and 6. A Liquid is a Moral Quality in en:ta:workbench:translate:biblicalimagery ) +David speaks of the wicked person's behavior as if it were his clothing. AT: "He cursed other people as often as he wore clothing" or "He cursed people all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## as his garment ## +# as his garment -"as if they were his clothing." +"as if they were his clothing" -## came into his inner being ## +# his curse came into his inner being like water, like oil into his bones -"entered into his body" +Possible meanings are: 1) He spoke curses so often that they became a part of his identity. "the curses that he speaks are part of who he is" or 2) the curse that he spoke happened to him. "his whole being was cursed by the curse he spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## like oil into his bones ## +# like water -AT: "curses went into his bones like oil goes into bones." The bones are the innermost part of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to how a person drinks water. AT: "like water a person drinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# like oil into his bones + +This refers to how oil soaks into bones when rubbed on the skin. AT: "like olive oil soaks into a person's bones when it is rubbed on his skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/019.md b/psa/109/019.md index 41bb8fe565..2290ad2efe 100644 --- a/psa/109/019.md +++ b/psa/109/019.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## May his curses...cover himself ## +# May his curses be to him like the clothes he wears to cover himself -People wore their clothes everyday. AT: "Let his curses be close to him every day like the garment he wears." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +People wore their clothes everyday. David speaks of him always being covered with his curses like he is covered by his clothing. AT: "Let his curses be on him every day like the garment he wears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like the belt he always wears ## +# like the belt he always wears -AT: "and let his curses always be on him like the belt he always wears." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +This missing words may be added. AT: "and let his curses always be on him like the belt he always wears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# May this be the reward + +"May these curses be the reward" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/021.md b/psa/109/021.md index 6891124c74..f90ed7770f 100644 --- a/psa/109/021.md +++ b/psa/109/021.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## your name’s sake ## +# deal kindly with me -"for the benefit of your name" or "for the sake of your reputation" +This is a request for Yahweh to treat him kindly. AT: "treat me kindly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## oppressed and needy ## +# your name's sake -These two words have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"the sake of your reputation" -## my heart is wounded within me ## +# Because your covenant faithfulness is good -"I am full of grief and despair." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Because you are good and are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## I am shaken off like a locust ## +# oppressed and needy -AT: "My enemies drive me away as easily as the wind blows away the locust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two words have similar meanings and emphasize that he is unable to help himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# my heart is wounded within me + +Here David speaks of being in great despair as his heart being wounded. AT: "I am full of grief and despair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am fading away like the shadow ... like a locust + +David feels like he is going to die soon and describes this feeling by comparing himself to a fading shadow and to how the wind blows away locust. AT: "I feel like I am about to die, like an evening shadow that will soon disappear, like a locust is easily blown away by the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/024.md b/psa/109/024.md index 1cc8bc096e..1c14cd40be 100644 --- a/psa/109/024.md +++ b/psa/109/024.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## from fasting ## +# My knees are weak + +This means that he is weak and it is difficult for him to stand. AT: "I have difficulty standing" or "My body is weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from fasting "because I am not eating any food" -## I am turning to skin and bones ## +# I am turning to skin and bones -"my body has become very thin" (UDB) "There is no fat on my body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This means that he has lost a lot of weight. AT: "my body has become very thin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I am disdained by my accusers ## +# I am disdained by my accusers -AT: "My accusers ridicule me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "My accusers ridicule me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# shake their heads + +This is an act of disapproval. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/026.md b/psa/109/026.md index d531cb6702..789515aa5d 100644 --- a/psa/109/026.md +++ b/psa/109/026.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## May they know ## +# save me by your covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "save me because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# May they know The word "they" refers to David's accusers and the people who say bad things about him. -## have done this ## +# have done this "have saved me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/028.md b/psa/109/028.md index 7e3405ff93..28dac061c4 100644 --- a/psa/109/028.md +++ b/psa/109/028.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Though they curse me ## +# Though they curse me The word "they" refers to the people who accuse David and say bad things about him. -## may they be put to shame ## +# may they be put to shame -AT: "may they be ashamed" or "let them be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may they be ashamed" or "let them be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## but may your servant rejoice ## +# but may your servant rejoice -David uses the phrase "your servant" to refer to himself. AT: "but may I, your servant, rejoice" or "I am your servant, let me rejoice" +"but may I, your servant, rejoice" or "I am your servant, let me rejoice." David uses the phrase "your servant" to refer to himself. -## be clothed with shame ## +# May my adversaries be clothed ... may they wear -AT: "will be very ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], and 5. Clothing is a Moral Quality in en:ta:workbench:translate:biblicalimagery) +These two phrase have them same meaning and are used together for emphasize how greatly he wishes for them to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## May my adversaries be clothed ... and may they wear ... ## +# be clothed with shame -These two phrase have them same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Here David speaks of them being ashamed as if were clothing they wore. AT: "be very ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and may they wear their shame like a robe ## +# may they wear their shame like a robe -AT: "and their shame will cover them just like their robe is wrapped around them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +David speaks of them being ashamed as if it were a robe that they wore. AT: "may their shame cover them just like their robe is wrapped around them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/030.md b/psa/109/030.md index 66ab2ef6e9..ad48a7d1f8 100644 --- a/psa/109/030.md +++ b/psa/109/030.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## he will stand at the right hand of the one who is needy ## +# With my mouth I give -AT: “Because Yahweh is close by to help the poor person.” The poor were (and are) especially vulnerable to oppressors, those who are able to deprive them of their rights. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that he will speak. AT: "I will speak and give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# will stand at the right hand of the one who is needy + +This means that he will help and defend the poor person. AT: "will defend the one who is needy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/109/intro.md b/psa/109/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1a54622820 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/109/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 109 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 109 is a psalm of vengeance against an enemy who has lied about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Enemies destroyed ##### +This enemy lied about the psalmist. So he asked God to completely destroy his enemy and his enemy's family. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 109:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../108/intro.md) | [>>](../110/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/110/001.md b/psa/110/001.md index 906a73acd9..5f4e41ea20 100644 --- a/psa/110/001.md +++ b/psa/110/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -“This is a psalm that David wrote.” +# A psalm of David -## Sit at my right hand ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -AT: "Sit at the place of honor which I have for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# Sit at my right hand -## make your enemies your footstool ## +The phrase "my right hand" refers to the place of honor. AT: "Sit at the place of honor which I have for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "put your enemies under your power." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# make your enemies your footstool + +Here David describes Yahweh placing his master's enemies under his power and control as putting them under his feet like a footstool. AT: "put your enemies under your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/110/002.md b/psa/110/002.md index b73446500c..069f837dd8 100644 --- a/psa/110/002.md +++ b/psa/110/002.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -Yahweh continues to speak to the lord. +# General Information: -## on the day of your power ## +David continues speaking to the king. -or "when you gather your army" +# Yahweh will hold out the scepter of your strength -## from the womb of the dawn ## +Here David speaks of Yahweh extending the area that the king rules as holding out his scepter. AT: "Yahweh will extend the area over which you powerfully rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Yahweh describes the dew as a baby to whom the dawn gives birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# rule among your enemies -## from the womb of the dawn your youth will be to you like the dew. ## +"King, rule among your enemies." This is spoken to the king as a command. -AT: "Your youthful strength will act for you like the dew that waters the earth early in the morning." \ No newline at end of file +# of their own free will + +"by their own choice." This means that they will chose to follow the king. + +# on the day of your power + +This refers to the day that the king will lead his armies into battle. This can be stated clearly. AT: "on the day that you lead your armies into battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the womb of the dawn ... like the dew + +David describes the dew as a baby to whom the dawn gives birth. AT: "in the morning ... like the dew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# from the womb of the dawn your youth will be to you like the dew + +David is telling the king that he will have youthful strength each morning by comparing it to how the dew appears early each morning. AT: "each morning you will be filled with youthful strength to sustain you just like each morning the dew appears to water and sustain the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/110/004.md b/psa/110/004.md index a8263e6e4a..48bc0067fa 100644 --- a/psa/110/004.md +++ b/psa/110/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## You are ## +# You are Yahweh is speaking to the lord. -## and will not change ## +# will not change -"and will not change his mind" or "and will not regret his oath" +This means that he will not change what he has said. AT: "will not change his mind" or "will not change what he has said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## after the manner of Melchizedek ## +# after the manner of Melchizedek -AT: "in the same way that Melchizedek was priest." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +The missing words may be added. AT: "after the manner that Melchizedek was priest" or "in the same way that Melchizedek was priest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/110/005.md b/psa/110/005.md index deb1b07623..7c4cb7f438 100644 --- a/psa/110/005.md +++ b/psa/110/005.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## The Lord is at your right hand ## +# The Lord is at your right hand When the lord goes to battle, Yahweh stands at his right hand in order to help him. AT: "The Lord helps you in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The Lord ## +# The Lord The word "Lord" refers to Yahweh. -## your right hand ## +# He will kill -David is speaking to the lord, whom Yahweh has made king. +The word "He" refers to Yahweh. He will cause the kings to be defeated and die, but he will allow the king's armies to kill the enemy kings. AT: "He will cause the kings to die" or "He will allow your armies to kill the kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He will kill ## +# kings -The word "He" refers to the Yahweh who does these things through the king. +This refers to his enemies. AT: "enemy kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the kings ## +# on the day of his anger -"the enemy kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here David speaks of the day when Yahweh will become angry and defeat the kings as "the day of his anger." AT: "on the day of judgment when his patience turns to anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## on the day of his anger ## +# he will fill the battlegrounds with dead bodies -AT: "on the day of judgment when his patience turns to anger" (See: Implicit/Explicit) \ No newline at end of file +This means that Yahweh will cause this to happen, not that he will personally kill all of the people who die on the battleground. AT: "he will cause the battlegrounds to be filled with death bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will kill the leaders in many countries + +This means that Yahweh will cause this to happen, not that he will personally kill the leaders. AT: "he will cause the leaders in many countries to be killed" or "he will allow the leaders in many countries to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/110/007.md b/psa/110/007.md index 7e429f8f1d..3ebae59de1 100644 --- a/psa/110/007.md +++ b/psa/110/007.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## He will drink of the brook along the road ## +# He will drink of the brook along the road -The king only stops briefly for a drink and then he continues the pursuit of his enemies. AT: "As he pursues his enemies, he will only stop to drink quickly from a stream." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The king only stops briefly for a drink and then he continues the pursuit of his enemies. AT: "As he pursues his enemies, he will only stop to drink quickly from a brook" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## He will drink ## +# of the brook -The word "He" refers to the lord whom Yahweh has made king. +This means the he will drink water from the brook. A brook is a small stream. AT: "he will drink water from the brook" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## and then ## +# and then "and so" or "therefore" -## he will lift his head ## +# he will lift his head -Possible meanings are 1) the king lifts up his own head or 2) Yahweh lifts up the head of the king. (See: [Psalms 3:3](../003/003.md)) +Possible meanings are 1) the king lifts up his own head or 2) Yahweh lifts up the head of the king. -## will lift his head up high after victory ## +# he will lift his head up high after victory -"will lift up his head." People raised their heads when they are victorious, confident, and joyful. AT: "will be victorious" or "will have victory." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +People raised their heads when they are victorious, confident, and joyful. AT: "he will confidently lift his head after victory" or "he will be victorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/110/intro.md b/psa/110/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3886c295b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/110/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 110 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 110 is a psalm honoring the king as he becomes king and also a prophecy about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### King ##### +The king will be able to conquer his enemies. Christ is seen as both high priest and king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 110:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../109/intro.md) | [>>](../111/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/111/001.md b/psa/111/001.md index 1e02449ee9..df5acc3018 100644 --- a/psa/111/001.md +++ b/psa/111/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## with my whole heart ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# with my whole heart -## in the assembly of the upright, in their gathering ## +Here the word "heart" represents the person's entire inner being and emotions. AT: "with all that I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "in the gathering of the righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +# in the assembly of the upright, in their gathering -## eagerly awaited ## +These two phrases mean that same thing and may be combined if necessary. AT: "in the gathering of upright people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -"they are sought after" or "they are studied" +# eagerly awaited by all those who desire them -## majestic and glorious ## +The word "them" refers to the "works of Yahweh." This can be stated in active form. AT: "all those who desire the works of Yahweh eagerly await them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# eagerly awaited + +Possible meanings are 1) "sought after" or 2) "studied." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/111/004.md b/psa/111/004.md index 385aacef1c..81a51b6c07 100644 --- a/psa/111/004.md +++ b/psa/111/004.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## gracious and merciful ## +# that will be remembered -These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that people will always remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## call to mind ## +# call to mind -AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom that means to remember. AT: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## his powerful works ## +# his powerful works -AT: "his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"his works that demonstrated his power" -## inheritance of the nations ## +# the inheritance of the nations -This is a reference to the land of other nations. This land would have normally been inherited. \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of the land that belonged to the nations in Canaan as if it were their inheritance. AT: "the land that belonged to other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/111/007.md b/psa/111/007.md index 74f72b0427..215bda6c05 100644 --- a/psa/111/007.md +++ b/psa/111/007.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## The works of his hands ## +# The works of his hands -AT: "The things that Yahweh does." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "hands" refers to Yahweh, himself. AT: "The works that he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## all his instructions are reliable ## +# They are established forever -"all his commands are dependable" +This means that Yahweh's instructions are unchangeable and will last forever. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He has established them forever" or "They will last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to be observed faithfully and properly ## +# to be observed faithfully and properly -AT: "he does his works with faithfulness and righteousness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh has given his instructions in a faithful and proper manner or 2) his people are to observe Yahweh's instructions in a faithful and proper manner. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for his people to observe them faithfully and properly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## He gave victory to his people ## +# holy and awesome is his name -"He gave his people freedom" or "He ransomed his people" - -## he ordained his covenant forever ## - -"he gave his covenant as a promise that lasts forever" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "name" refers to Yahweh, himself. AT: "Yahweh is holy and awesome" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/111/010.md b/psa/111/010.md index 9016fe4fb7..331a5ef6ee 100644 --- a/psa/111/010.md +++ b/psa/111/010.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## To honor Yahweh is the beginning of wisdom ## +# the beginning of wisdom -"The first step for people to become wise is to revere Yahweh" +The word "wisdom" can be translated as "wise." AT: "the first step to becoming wise" or "the most important thing to become wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## those who carry out ## +# those who carry out his instructions -"people who obey" +"those who obey his instructions" -## His praise endures forever ## +# His praise endures forever -"People will continue to praise him forever" \ No newline at end of file +The word "praise" can be translated as a verb. AT: "People will praise him forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/111/intro.md b/psa/111/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1cfd5b17e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/111/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 111 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 111 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles and care. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's character ##### +God is great. He has given his people food and a land and always keeps his promises to his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 111:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../110/intro.md) | [>>](../112/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/112/001.md b/psa/112/001.md index 21f328cbf4..9c880e5cec 100644 --- a/psa/112/001.md +++ b/psa/112/001.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## greatly delights ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# greatly delights "takes great pleasure" -## the descendants of the godly man will be blessed ## +# the descendants of the godly man will be blessed -AT: "Yahweh will bless the children of anyone who honors him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will bless the descendants of the godly man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/112/003.md b/psa/112/003.md index b070a1c4e1..08d40572b3 100644 --- a/psa/112/003.md +++ b/psa/112/003.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh. -## Light shines in the darkness for the godly person ## +# Wealth and riches are in his house -"When bad things happen, righteous people have hope and a way to escape." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the word "house" represents the family. The words "Wealth" and "riches" mean basically the same thing and indicate an abundance of wealth. AT: "His family is very wealthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## lends money ## +# Light shines in the darkness for the godly person -The man lends money in order to help people who are having a hard time and not in order to take advantage of other people. +The writer speaks of God blessing the godly person in difficult times as if it were a light shining in darkness. AT: "The blessings that a godly person receives from God are like a light that shines in the darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who conducts his affairs with honesty ## +# lends money -"he is just when taking care of his own business" \ No newline at end of file +The understood information can be made clear. AT: "lends his money to other people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/112/006.md b/psa/112/006.md index d29e3ffa85..94a0a017dd 100644 --- a/psa/112/006.md +++ b/psa/112/006.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh. -## For he will never be moved ## +# For he will never be moved -AT: "Because he will never fail" or "Because nothing will ever overcome him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +he will not be troubled or overwhelmed by circumstances for his trust is in Yahweh? This can be stated in active form. AT: "For nothing will ever move him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the righteous person will be remembered forever ## +# the righteous person will be remembered forever -AT: "people will remember a righteous person forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will remember the righteous person forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/112/008.md b/psa/112/008.md index 74b3284780..8efb465cbb 100644 --- a/psa/112/008.md +++ b/psa/112/008.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh. -## His heart is tranquil ## +# His heart is tranquil -AT: "He is confident." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"His heart is supported." Here the word "heart" refers to the person. Possible meanings are 1) "He is at peace" or 2) "He is confident" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## his righteousness endures forever ## +# his righteousness endures forever -See how you translated this in [Psalms 111:1](../111/001.md), but notice that here "his" refers to the man who reveres Yahweh and not to Yahweh. +"his righteous deeds will endure forever." See how you translated this in [Psalms 112:3](./003.md). -## he will be exalted with honor ## +# he will be exalted with honor -AT: "Yahweh will exalt him by giving him honor." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will exalt him by giving him honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/112/010.md b/psa/112/010.md index 17a13247fe..dc9daa6a5e 100644 --- a/psa/112/010.md +++ b/psa/112/010.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## will see this ## +# will see this -"will see that things go well for the righteous person" +"will see that things go well for the godly person." The word "this" refers to everything good that the writer has described in the previous verses about the godly person. -## melt away ## +# he will gnash with his teeth -AT: "will disappear and die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Gnashing one's teeth was a gesture of scorn. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 35:16](../035/015.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## the desire of the wicked people will perish ## +# melt away -Possible meanings are 1) AT: "the wicked things that he want to do will never happen" or 2) "the bad things that he wanted to happen to the righteous person will never happen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of the wicked person's eventual death as if that person were something, such as ice, that can melt. AT: "eventually die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the desire of the wicked people will perish + +Possible meanings of "desire" are 1) the emotional desire that wicked people have. AT: "the things that wicked people want to do will never happen" or 2) it is a metonym for the things that wicked people have desired. AT: "wicked people will lose the things that they desired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/112/intro.md b/psa/112/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4de86214da --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/112/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 112 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 112 is a wisdom psalm teaching the value of a righteous life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Righteous people ##### +The righteous people will be well-known for their generosity and they will not have to worry about bad news because God is taking care of them. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 112:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../111/intro.md) | [>>](../113/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/113/001.md b/psa/113/001.md index f3a62db64f..0f5feca025 100644 --- a/psa/113/001.md +++ b/psa/113/001.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## Blessed be the name of Yahweh ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"Bless the name of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +# the name of Yahweh + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh, himself. AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/113/003.md b/psa/113/003.md index 6d8be44c67..3700483609 100644 --- a/psa/113/003.md +++ b/psa/113/003.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## From the rising of the sun ... should be praised ## +# From the rising of the sun to its setting -AT: "Everyone who lives from between where the sun rises to where the sun sets, should praise Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase refers to the directions east, where the sun rises, and west, where the sun sets. The writer uses these two extremes to represent everywhere on earth. See how you translated this in [Psalms 50:1](../050/001.md). AT: "Everywhere on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Yahweh's name should be praised + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh, himself. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people should praise Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his glory reaches above the skies + +The glory of God is spoken of as if it was very high. AT: "his glory is higher than the skies" or "his glory is enormously great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/113/005.md b/psa/113/005.md index 57fe7a4a24..43ea576f35 100644 --- a/psa/113/005.md +++ b/psa/113/005.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## who has his seat on high ## +# Who is like Yahweh our God ... at the earth? + +The writer asks this question to emphasize that there is no one like Yahweh. This rhetorical question may be translated as a statement. AT: "There is no one like Yahweh our God ... at the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who has his seat on high "who is enthroned on high" or "who rules in the highest position" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/113/007.md b/psa/113/007.md index 4b1d6533fd..e2ba4e114c 100644 --- a/psa/113/007.md +++ b/psa/113/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## He raises up the poor ... and lifts up the needy ... ## +# He raises up the poor ... from the ash heap -These two phrases have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize how poor people sit in lowly and dirty places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases are parallel. The writer speaks of Yahweh helping and honoring people who are poor as if Yahweh caused them to stand up from sitting in dirt and ashes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## so that he may seat him with princes, with the princes ... ## +# out of the dirt ... from the ash heap -Here the second phrase is used to describe the "princes" from the first phrase. +Sitting in dirt and ashes represents either poverty or despair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## his people ## +# so that he may seat him with princes, with the princes of his people -The word "his" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +Here the second phrase clarifies that the first phrase refers to the princes of Yahweh's people. These two statements can be combined. AT: "so that Yahweh may seat him next to rulers of his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/113/009.md b/psa/113/009.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8e922aa106 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/113/009.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# He gives a home to the barren woman of the house + +Here "home" refers to the children that live in a home. AT: "He gives children to the woman who had none" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/113/intro.md b/psa/113/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7b65b0bfff --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/113/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 113 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 113 is a psalm of praise to God for his goodness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +God helps the poor and gives children to the wife who cannot conceive children. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 113:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../112/intro.md) | [>>](../114/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/114/001.md b/psa/114/001.md index 066f974c4f..34918fb232 100644 --- a/psa/114/001.md +++ b/psa/114/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## from that foreign people ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"from a people that served a different god." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# When Israel left Egypt, the house of Jacob from that foreign people -## Judah ## +These two lines are parallel, with "Israel" and "the house of Jacob" meaning the same thing and "Egypt" and "that foreign people" referring to the same people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"The people of Judah" +# the house of Jacob from that foreign people -## became his sanctuary ## +The word "house" here represents the family or descendents. The verb may be supplied to this phrase. AT: "the descendants of Jacob departed from that foreign people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -"became the people with whom Yahweh dwelled" or "became holy to Yahweh" +# Judah became his holy place, Israel his kingdom -## Israel his kingdom ## - -AT: "Israel became the people over whom Yahweh ruled." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings for "Judah" and "Israel" are 1) they refer to the land. AT: "The land of Judah became Yahweh's holy place, the land of Israel became his kingdom" or 2) they are metonyms for the people of Judah and Israel. AT: "The people of Judah became those among whom Yahweh lived, the people of Israel became those over whom he ruled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/114/003.md b/psa/114/003.md index f144c2749f..aea0ec6591 100644 --- a/psa/114/003.md +++ b/psa/114/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## The sea looked and fled ## +# The sea looked and fled -AT: "It was as though the sea looked and fled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The writer speaks of the Sea of Reeds as if it were a person who fled away as Yahweh led the people of Israel through on dry ground. AT: "It was as though the sea looked and fled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the Jordan turned back ## +# the Jordan turned back -AT: "it was as though the Jordan retreated and went the other way" +The writer speaks of the Jordan River as if it were a person who retreated as Yahweh led the people of Israel through on dry ground. AT: "it was as though the Jordan retreated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## The mountains skipped like rams ## +# The mountains skipped like rams, the hills skipped like lambs -AT: "The mountains shook like rams jumping." - -## the hills skipped like lambs ## - -AT: "The hills shook like lambs jumping." \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of the mountains and hills as if they are alive. He is probably speaking of an earthquake when he describes their fear at the presence of Yahweh as if they were jumping like rams and lambs. AT: "It was as if the mountains shook like jumping rams and the hills shook like jumping lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/114/005.md b/psa/114/005.md index 2fed87e90e..e66db26c79 100644 --- a/psa/114/005.md +++ b/psa/114/005.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Why did you flee...like lambs ## +# General Information: -See how you translated similar phrases in [Psalms 114:3](./003.md). +Verses 5-6 contain four rhetorical questions. The expected answer to each question is found in verse 7, "because of the presence of the Lord." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Tremble, earth ## +# skip like rams ... skip like lambs -AT: "The earth should shake." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The writer speaks of the mountains and hills as if they are alive. He is probably speaking of an earthquake when he describes their fear at the presence of Yahweh as if they were jumping like rams and lambs. See how you translated similar phrases in [Psalms 114:3-4](./003.md). AT: "shake like jumping rams ... shake like jumping lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## before the Lord ## +# Tremble, earth, before the Lord, at the presence of the God of Jacob -"in the presence of the Lord" +The last two phrases are parallel. The verb may be supplied in the second line. AT: "Tremble, earth, before the Lord, tremble at the presence of the God of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## at the presence of the God of Jacob ## +# Tremble, earth -"when the God of Jacob comes" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the writer is speaking to the earth as if it were a person and commands it to tremble with fear before God or 2) the word "earth" is a metonym for those who live on the earth. AT: "Tremble, everyone one earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/114/008.md b/psa/114/008.md index 03b978fc55..f90cf07438 100644 --- a/psa/114/008.md +++ b/psa/114/008.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## He turned the rock into a pool of water ## +# He turned the rock into a pool of water, the hard rock into a spring of water -AT: "Yahweh brought water out of a rock to make a pool of water." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These two phrases are parallel. The writer describes Yahweh causing water to flow from the rock as if he turned the rock into water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the hard rock into a spring of water ## +# the hard rock into a spring of water -AT: "Yahweh made a spring flow out of hard rock." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "He turned the hard rock into a spring of water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/114/intro.md b/psa/114/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..44a2344531 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/114/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 114 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 114 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles in bringing the people of Israel to the promised land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Praise ##### +The psalmist praised God for opening up the Red Sea for the people to cross, for providing the earthquake that stopped the Jordan River so the people could cross and providing water from a rock for the people to drink. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 114:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../113/intro.md) | [>>](../115/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/001.md b/psa/115/001.md index 44adb121c9..ff8afbf107 100644 --- a/psa/115/001.md +++ b/psa/115/001.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +# Not to us, Yahweh, not to us -## Not to us, Yahweh, not to us ## +The writer repeats the phrase "Not to us" in order to emphasize that they are not worthy to receive the honor that is due only to Yahweh. If necessary, a verbal phrase may be supplied here. AT: "Do not bring honor to us, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -AT: "Do not give us honor, Yahweh, not us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) - -## to us ## +# to us The word "us" refers to the people of Israel. -## but to your name bring honor ## +# but to your name bring honor -"but give honor to your own good reputation" +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh, himself. AT: "but bring honor to yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## for your covenant faithfulness ## +# for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness -"because of your covenant faithfulness" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Where is their God ## +# Why should the nations say, "Where is their God?" -AT: "The people of the nations should not be able to say, 'Their God is not able to help them.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This rhetorical question emphasizes that there should be no reason for the nations to say what they say. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The people of the nations should not be able to say, 'Where is their God?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Where is their God? + +The people of other nations use this question to mock the people of Israel and to express that they do not see Yahweh helping them. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Your God is not here to help you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/003.md b/psa/115/003.md index d1d4f2cc6b..b33eff72d5 100644 --- a/psa/115/003.md +++ b/psa/115/003.md @@ -1,19 +1,3 @@ -## Our God is in heaven ## +# the work of men's hands -AT: "Our God has supreme power" or "Our God has the utmost power." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## Our God ## - -The word "Our" refers to the people of Israel. - -## whatever he pleases ## - -"whatever he wants" - -## The nations' idols are silver and gold ## - -"The idols of the nations are made of silver and gold" - -## the work of men’s hands ## - -AT: "The result of men's effort." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "hands" represents the people who made the idols. AT: "things which men have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/005.md b/psa/115/005.md index 4868667ff4..8c200ea1bf 100644 --- a/psa/115/005.md +++ b/psa/115/005.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## do not speak... ## +# Those idols have mouths -"cannot speak, cannot see, cannot hear, cannot smell, etc" \ No newline at end of file +The idols do not have real mouths, eyes, ears, or noses. Rather, people made them with the likeness of mouths, eyes, ears, and noses. The writer is emphasizing that these idols are not really alive. You can make clear the implied information. AT: "People have given mouths to those idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/007.md b/psa/115/007.md index 3bfae87479..79a9ba3e45 100644 --- a/psa/115/007.md +++ b/psa/115/007.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## do not feel... ## +# Those idols have hands -"cannot feel, cannot walk, cannot speak, etc," +The idols do not have real hands, feet, or mouths. Rather, people made them with the likeness of hands, feet, and mouths. The writer is emphasizing that these idols are not really alive. You can make this implicit information clear. AT: "People have given hands to those idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Those who ## +# but do not feel -"The people who" +"but those hands do not feel" -## are like them ## +# Those who make them are like them, as is everyone who trusts in them -"will become like them" - -## as is everyone who trusts in them ## - -AT: "everyone who trusts in them will be like them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +Those who make and worship idols become lifeless and powerless, just like those idols. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Those who make them become lifeless like they are, as does everyone who trusts in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/009.md b/psa/115/009.md index 035bb47131..0c841c1eb1 100644 --- a/psa/115/009.md +++ b/psa/115/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## your help ## +# Israel, trust in Yahweh -"the one who helps you" +The word "Israel" represents the people of Israel. AT: "People of Israel, trust in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and shield ## +# your help and shield -AT: "and the one who protects you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of Yahweh as if he were a shield because he protects his people as a shield would protect them from harm. AT: "the one who helps you and protects you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## House of Aaron ## +# House of Aaron -"You descendants of Aaron" - -## You who honor ## - -"All of you who revere" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "House" represents the family or descendants. This phrase refers to the priests, who were descendants of Aaron. AT: "Descendants of Aaron" or "Priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/012.md b/psa/115/012.md index 99bdff94e0..bf9a1c3b9e 100644 --- a/psa/115/012.md +++ b/psa/115/012.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## takes notice of us ## +# takes notice of us "has paid attention to us" -## both young and old ## +# the family of Israel -"those who have a low status along with those who have a high status" +This refers to the people of Israel, who are descendants of Jacob, who also called Israel. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## increase your numbers more and more, yours and your descendants ## +# the family of Aaron -"give more children to you, both to you and to your descendants" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the priests, who are descendants of Aaron. AT: "the descendants of Aaron" or "the priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# both young and old + +"both small and great." Possible meanings are that this refers 1) to social status or 2) to age. In either case, the two extremes represent every person, regardless of age or social status. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# May Yahweh increase your numbers more and more + +The writer is speaking of the number of children that the people of Israel would have. AT: "May Yahweh increase the number of your children more and more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# yours and your descendants' + +"both your children and your descendants' children." The writer clarifies that his request for more children applies not only to the present generation, but to their descendants, as well. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/015.md b/psa/115/015.md index 2d89dd1a61..b83e05f36f 100644 --- a/psa/115/015.md +++ b/psa/115/015.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## May you be blessed by Yahweh ## +# May you be blessed by Yahweh, who made heaven and earth -AT: "Yahweh has blessed you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh, who made heaven and earth, bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## May you ## +# the earth he has given to mankind -The word "you" refers to the people of Israel, the descendants of Israel, and whoever reveres Yahweh. - -## who made ## - -"he who made" - -## the earth he has given to mankind ## - -"he has given the earth to people" or "he has given the earth to humanity" \ No newline at end of file +This does not mean that the earth does not belong to Yahweh, but that has given the earth to mankind as a dwelling place. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/017.md b/psa/115/017.md index 6b7f69239a..278c49300c 100644 --- a/psa/115/017.md +++ b/psa/115/017.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## The dead ## +# The dead -"People who are dead" +The adjective "dead" may be translated with a noun phrase. AT: "People who are dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## who go down into silence ## +# nor do any who go down into silence -AT: "who go into the grave." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]), [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This parallel phrase has a similar meaning to phrase before it. The verb may be supplied from that previous phrase to make the meaning clear. AT: "nor do any who go down into silence praise Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## But we ## +# nor do any who go down into silence -The word "we" refers to the people of Israel, the descendants of Israel, and whoever reveres Yahweh. +The writer speaks of the grave or the place of the dead as a place of silence where no one can speak. This is a euphemism for death. AT: "nor do any who go to the place of the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## we will bless Yahweh ## +# But we -See how you translated "I will bless Yahweh" in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md), but notice that "we" and "I" are different. \ No newline at end of file +The word "we" refers to the people of Israel who are still alive. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/115/intro.md b/psa/115/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..21f7620a13 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/115/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 115 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 115 is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's power ##### +God is in heaven and is able to do whatever he wants. Idols can not do anything. Therefore, people and priests should trust God for their protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 115:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../114/intro.md) | [>>](../116/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/001.md b/psa/116/001.md index c8657a8826..542a9d9c50 100644 --- a/psa/116/001.md +++ b/psa/116/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## I love ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -The word "I" refers to the person who wrote this psalm. We do not know who this person was. +# he hears my voice and my pleas for mercy -## my voice ## - -AT: "what I say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## will call on him ## - -"call to him" or "pray to him" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "voice" represents the person who is speaking. The abstract nouns "pleas" and "mercy" can be stated as "plead" and "merciful." AT: "he hears me when I plead for him to be merciful to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/003.md b/psa/116/003.md index 32b07c5d4f..9ea67ef598 100644 --- a/psa/116/003.md +++ b/psa/116/003.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -The person who made this song continues to speak. +# General Information: -## The cords of death surrounded me ## +The person who composed this psalm continues to speak. -See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:4](../018/004.md). +# The cords of death surrounded me -## the snares of sheol confronted me ## +The writer speaks of death as if it were a person who could capture him and bind him with ropes. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:4](../018/004.md). AT: "I felt like I was about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"the traps of death caught me." AT: "I almost died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +# the snares of Sheol confronted me -## anguish and sorrow ## +The writer speaks of "Sheol," the place of the dead, as if it were a person who could trap him with snares. AT: "I felt as if I were ready to enter the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"suffering and grief" +# called on the name of Yahweh -## called on the name of Yahweh ## +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "called out to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"prayed in the name of Yahweh." +# rescue my life -## rescue my life ## - -"keep me alive" or "rescue me" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "life" represents the person. AT: "rescue me" or "keep me from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/005.md b/psa/116/005.md index 10a8e94812..5de08233c1 100644 --- a/psa/116/005.md +++ b/psa/116/005.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + The person who made this song continues to speak. -## and fair ## +# the naive -"and righteous" or "and does what is right" +This refers to people who are inexperienced or who cannot care for themselves. The adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "those who are naive" or "those who are helpless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## our God ## +# I was brought low -The word "our" refers to the person who made the song and the rest of the people of Israel. - -## the naive ## - -"people who are ignorant" or "those who are inexperienced" - -## I was brought low ## - -AT: "I was in danger" or "I was helpless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of being humbled as in being in a lower position. AT: "I was helpless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/007.md b/psa/116/007.md index 5e94645766..68aabbf151 100644 --- a/psa/116/007.md +++ b/psa/116/007.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -The person who made this song continues to speak. +# General Information: -## My soul can return to its resting place ## +The person who composed this psalm continues to speak. -AT: "I can rest in peace again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# My soul can return to its resting place -## for Yahweh ## +The writer speaks of having peace and confidence as if it were a place where his soul can rest. The word "soul" represents the person. AT: "I can rest in peace again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -"because Yahweh" +# you rescued my life from death -## you rescued my life from death ## +Here the word "you" refers to Yahweh. The word "life" represents the person. AT: "you have saved me from death" or "you have kept me from dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "have saved me from death" or "have rescued me from death." +# my eyes from tears -## my eyes from tears ## +The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase to make the meaning clear. AT: "you have rescued my eyes from tears" or "you have kept me from crying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -AT: "You have saved me from grief." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# my feet from stumbling -## my feet from stumbling ## - -AT: "You have saved my feet from stumbling" or "You have kept the danger from destroying me." \ No newline at end of file +The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase to make the meaning clear. The feet here represent the person. Stumbling here probably represents being killed by his enemies. AT: "you have rescued me from stumbling" or "you have kept me from being killed by my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/009.md b/psa/116/009.md index d17ace56c9..a8efd14af9 100644 --- a/psa/116/009.md +++ b/psa/116/009.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -The person who made this song continues to speak. +# General Information: -## in the land of the living ## +The person who composed this psalm continues to speak. -AT: "while I am still alive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# in the land of the living -## I am greatly afflicted ## +"in this world where people are alive." This is in contrast to the place of the dead. -"I am greatly suffering" +# I am greatly afflicted -## I rashly said ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I suffer greatly" or "People afflict me very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"Without thinking, I said" +# I rashly said -## All men are liars ## +"I said too quickly" or "I said without considering" + +# All men are liars "Every person is a liar" or "All people are liars" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/012.md b/psa/116/012.md index 7034327d1c..87372f1ab6 100644 --- a/psa/116/012.md +++ b/psa/116/012.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + The person who made this song continues to speak. -## How can I repay... ## +# How can I repay Yahweh ... to me? -AT: "I cannot repay..." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The writer asks this leading question to introduce how he will respond to what Yahweh has done for him. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "This is how I will repay Yahweh ... to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I will raise the cup of salvation ## +# I will raise the cup of salvation -AT: "I will offer a drink offering to Yahweh because he promises to save me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is probably a reference to a drink offering, which was a sacrifice that involved pouring wine on the altar, and which the writer will offer in response to Yahweh saving him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "I will present a drink offering to Yahweh because he saved me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## call on the name of Yahweh ## +# call on the name of Yahweh -“will trust in the promises of Yahweh” or “will worship Yahweh." See how you translated "called on the name of Yahweh" in [Psalms 116:3](./003.md). +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "call on Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Precious in the sight of Yahweh is the death of his saints ## +# Precious in the sight of Yahweh is the death of his saints -AT: "Yahweh takes very seriously the death of those who are faithful to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "Precious" here does not imply that Yahweh values the death of his saints, but that the death of his saints is costly to him and grieves him. Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "Yahweh considers the death of his saints to be a costly thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/016.md b/psa/116/016.md index 9f62665262..7a5afcac90 100644 --- a/psa/116/016.md +++ b/psa/116/016.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -The person who made this song continues to speak. +# General Information: -## the son of your servant woman ## +The person who composed this psalm continues to speak. -See how you translated this in [Psalms 86:15](../086/015.md). +# the son of your servant woman -## have taken away my bonds ## +This is likely a reference to the writer's mother and indicates that she faithfully worshiped Yahweh. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "as my mother was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "have saved me from death." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +# you have taken away my bonds -## the sacrifice of thanksgiving ## +The writer speaks of being in danger of dying as if he had been chained in prison. AT: "you have saved me from death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"a sacrifice that shows that I am thankful" +# the sacrifice of thanksgiving -## will call on the name of Yahweh ## +"a sacrifice to express my thankfulness" -See how you translated this in [Psalms 116:12](./012.md). \ No newline at end of file +# will call on the name of Yahweh + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "will call on Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/018.md b/psa/116/018.md index b2ac020e53..4bf1279e57 100644 --- a/psa/116/018.md +++ b/psa/116/018.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The person who made this song continues to speak. -## I will fulfill...all his people ## +# I will fulfill ... all his people -See how you translated this in [Psalms 116:12](./012.md). +See how you translated [Psalms 116:14](./012.md). -## in the courts of Yahweh's house ## +# in the courts of Yahweh's house -"in the courtyards of the temple of Yahweh" +The word "house" refers to Yahweh's temple. AT: "in the courtyards of Yahweh's temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## in your midst, Jerusalem ## +# in your midst, Jerusalem -The singer speaks to Jerusalem as though it were a person. AT: "in Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks to Jerusalem as though it were a person. AT: "in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/116/intro.md b/psa/116/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1e812d167d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/116/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 116 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 116 is a psalm of praise for saving the psalmist's life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Healing ##### +The author was very sick and expected to die but God healed him. So he will pay his vow and sacrifice an offering of thanks. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 116:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../115/intro.md) | [>>](../117/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/117/001.md b/psa/117/001.md index aad4373d53..a669593ddc 100644 --- a/psa/117/001.md +++ b/psa/117/001.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## For his ## +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For his "Because his" -## is great toward us ## +# his covenant faithfulness is great toward us -"is abundantly at work on our behalf" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "he does great things for us because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## endures forever ## +# the trustworthiness of Yahweh endures forever -"lasts forever" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be translated with an adjective or a verbal phrase. AT: "Yahweh remains trustworthy forever" or "Yahweh will forever be worthy of people trusting him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/117/intro.md b/psa/117/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..39670eb3fa --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/117/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 117 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 117 is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Praise ##### +Everyone should praise God for his love and unending faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 117:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../116/intro.md) | [>>](../118/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/001.md b/psa/118/001.md index f018a4b9f1..cee96c0ebd 100644 --- a/psa/118/001.md +++ b/psa/118/001.md @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## Let Israel say ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "Let the people of Israel say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Give thanks to Yahweh, for he is good + +"Thank Yahweh because of the good things he does" + +# his covenant faithfulness endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Let Israel say + +The word "Israel" represents the people of Israel. AT: "Let the people of Israel say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/003.md b/psa/118/003.md index f48035b232..5fc74e3f64 100644 --- a/psa/118/003.md +++ b/psa/118/003.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## the loyal followers of Yahweh ## +# Let the house of Aaron say -AT: "the true worshipers of Yahweh" or "those who respect Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "house" represents the family and descendants of a person. This phrase refers to the priests, who were descendants of Aaron. AT: "Let the descendants of Aaron say" or "Let the priests say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# His covenant faithfulness endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1-2](./001.md). AT: "He remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the loyal followers of Yahweh + +"those who fear Yahweh" or "those who worship Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/005.md b/psa/118/005.md index f5adacd5f0..27442a3f03 100644 --- a/psa/118/005.md +++ b/psa/118/005.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## In my distress ## +# set me free -See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:6](../018/006.md) +The writer speaks of Yahweh saving him from distress as if Yahweh had taken him from a place of confinement to a wide open space where he could move about freely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## set me free ## +# what can man do to me? -See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:18](../018/018.md) +The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is nothing that man can do to hurt him since Yahweh is with him. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "people cannot do anything to harm me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## what can man do to me? ## +# Yahweh is on my side as my helper -AT: "people cannot do anything to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +To be on one's side is an idiomatic expression that indicates that that person approves of and will help another. AT: "Yahweh approves of me and will help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Yahweh is on my side ## +# I will look in triumph on those who hate me -This indicates that Yahweh will help or defend me. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## I will look in triumph on those who hate me ## - -AT: "I will see Yahweh defeating all those who hate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that Yahweh is the one who will defeat the writer's enemies, while the writer looks on. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "I will see Yahweh defeating all those who hate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/008.md b/psa/118/008.md index bae6df12d4..433d818a4c 100644 --- a/psa/118/008.md +++ b/psa/118/008.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## take shelter ## +# to take shelter in Yahweh -AT: "seek protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God is spoken of as if he were a shelter, a place where people can be protected. AT: "to seek protection from Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## confidence in man ## +# to take refuge in Yahweh -AT: "confidence in man's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This verse is parallel to the one preceding it. God is spoken of as if he were a refuge, a place where people can be protected. AT: "to seek protection from Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/010.md b/psa/118/010.md index ac85d3bc9c..8dd20b8099 100644 --- a/psa/118/010.md +++ b/psa/118/010.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## All the nations ## +# All the nations -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Here the word "nations" represents the armies of those nations. The writer uses hyperbole to emphasize the great number of armies that surrounded him. AT: "The armies of many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## They surrounded me like like bees ## +# in Yahweh's name -AT: "They completely surrounded me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's power. AT: "by Yahweh's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## they disappeared as quickly as fire among thorns ## +# I cut them off -AT: "they disappeared quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of defeating the enemy armies as if he were cutting them off like a person would cut a branch off of a plant. AT: "I defeated them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They surrounded me like bees + +The writer compares the enemy armies to a swarm of bees. AT: "They surrounded me like a swarm of bees would surround a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they disappeared as quickly as fire among thorns + +Just like dry thorns burn out quickly, the attack of the enemy armies was quickly over. AT: "their attack lasted only a short time, as a fire that consumes thorns quickly dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/013.md b/psa/118/013.md index c07525239f..eb34c0bf22 100644 --- a/psa/118/013.md +++ b/psa/118/013.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## to knock me down ## +# to knock me down -AT: "to defeat me" \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of the enemy armies trying to defeat him as if they were trying to push him down onto the ground. AT: "in order to defeat me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh is my strength and joy + +"Yahweh gives me strength and joy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/015.md b/psa/118/015.md index a4fc66ad40..f5706b59a2 100644 --- a/psa/118/015.md +++ b/psa/118/015.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# The joyful shout of victory is heard in the tents of the righteous + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People hear the joyful shout of victory in the tents of the righteous" or "The righteous shout joyfully for victory in their tents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the right hand of Yahweh conquers + +Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh's power. AT: "Yahweh has conquered by his great strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The right hand of Yahweh is exalted + +Here, to raise one's hand is a gesture of victory. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has exalted his right hand" or "Yahweh has raised his right hand in victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/017.md b/psa/118/017.md index 5186bffc3a..b763bf3061 100644 --- a/psa/118/017.md +++ b/psa/118/017.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## I will not die, but live ## +# I will not die, but live -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The writer states the same idea both negatively and positively to emphasize that he will certainly live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Yahweh has punished me ## +# Yahweh has punished me -AT: "Yahweh has disciplined me" +"Yahweh has disciplined me" -## he has not handed me over to death ## +# he has not handed me over to death -AT: "taken my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of death as if it were a person under whose power Yahweh could place the writer. AT: "he has not allowed me to die" or "he has not allowed my enemies to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/019.md b/psa/118/019.md index 20c79105ca..1053739041 100644 --- a/psa/118/019.md +++ b/psa/118/019.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Open to me the gates of righteousness ## +# Open to me the gates of righteousness -This is addressed to the gatekeepers of the temple. +"Open to me the gates through which the righteous people enter." This is a reference to the gates of the temple, and the writer is addressing the gatekeepers. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "Open for me the temple gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## gate of Yahweh ## +# the gate of Yahweh -This references a gate of the temple of Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file +"the gate that leads to Yahweh's presence" or "Yahweh's gate" + +# I will give thanks to you + +Here the writer begins to speak to Yahweh. + +# you have become my salvation + +The word "salvation" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "you have saved me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/022.md b/psa/118/022.md index a50e971ee4..6dc9151a79 100644 --- a/psa/118/022.md +++ b/psa/118/022.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the cornerstone ## +# The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone -AT: “the foundation stone, upon which everything else rests” or "the most important stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is likely a proverb that the writer has used to describe either the king or the nation of Israel. That which others have considered worthless, Yahweh has made to be the most important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) -## in our eyes ## +# it is marvelous in our eyes -AT: "in our opinion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "it is a marvelous thing for us to see" or 2) "we consider it to be a marvelous thing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/024.md b/psa/118/024.md index 273c1ca01f..325b6a5c6e 100644 --- a/psa/118/024.md +++ b/psa/118/024.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## rejoice and be glad ## +# rejoice and be glad -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -## Please give us victory now, Yahweh ## - -AT: "Please save now, Yahweh!" \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. AT: "be very glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/026.md b/psa/118/026.md index 6514657e20..607c38b010 100644 --- a/psa/118/026.md +++ b/psa/118/026.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## he who comes in the name of Yahweh ## +# Blessed is he who comes in the name of Yahweh -AT: "the one who comes in the power of the Lord" or "the one who does things to bring glory to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the priests begin to address the king. -## bind the sacrifice with cords ## +# he who comes in the name of Yahweh -AT: "tie the sacrifice with rope" +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's power. AT: "the one who comes in the power of the Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## horns of the altar ## +# we bless you from the house of Yahweh -The horns were part of the top of the altar. \ No newline at end of file +Here the priests address the people. + +# the house of Yahweh + +The word "house" refers to the temple. AT: "Yahweh's temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he has given us light + +The writer speaks of Yahweh blessing his people as if Yahweh were shining a light on them. AT: "he has blessed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bind the sacrifice with cords + +"tie the sacrifice with rope" + +# You are my God + +Here the writer begins to speak again and addresses Yahweh directly. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/029.md b/psa/118/029.md index ab84d38e70..fce49e1c25 100644 --- a/psa/118/029.md +++ b/psa/118/029.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## oh ## +# Oh -This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. \ No newline at end of file +This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# give thanks to Yahweh; for he is good + +"thank Yahweh because of the good things he does." See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1](./001.md). + +# his covenant faithfulness endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1-2](./001.md). AT: "he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/118/intro.md b/psa/118/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..32b60201bf --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/118/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 118 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 118 is a psalm of war and is about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Rejected stone ##### +The author praised Yahweh for his rescuing him. God enabled him to overpower his enemies. The new Testament, and even Jesus himself, saw the rejected stone as a reference to the messiah's rejection by the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 118:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../117/intro.md) | [>>](../119/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/001.md b/psa/119/001.md index 21a9d10c86..7603954b4d 100644 --- a/psa/119/001.md +++ b/psa/119/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -See: talink Translating Poetry and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## ALEPH ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This is the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet. +# ALEPH -## Blessed are those whose ways are blameless ## +This is the name of the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet. -AT: "How good it is for those whom no one can blame for doing wrong." +# Blessed are those -## ways ## +"How good it is for those" -How a person behaves is spoken of as "ways" or "paths." AT: "behaviors" or "actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# those whose ways are blameless -## who walk in the law of Yahweh ## +How a person behaves is spoken of as "ways" or "paths." AT: "those whose behavior is blameless" or "those whom no one can blame for doing wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who walk in the law of Yahweh The way a person lives or behaves is spoken of as walking. AT: "who live according to the law of Yahweh" or "who obey the law of Yahweh." This phrase clarifies the meaning of "whose ways are blameless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who seek him with all their heart ## +# who seek him with all their heart -To: "seek God" means wanting to know him and "with all of their heart means wanting intensely. AT: "who really want to know/obey him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +To "seek" God means to want to know him. + +# with all their heart + +This is an idiom which means intensely or sincerely. AT: "with all their being" or "with everything in them" or "sincerely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/003.md b/psa/119/003.md index 7d39a20aee..91dda07691 100644 --- a/psa/119/003.md +++ b/psa/119/003.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Most of this psalm is addressed to God, and the words “you” and "your" almost always refer to him. +# General Information: -## they walk in his ways ## +Most of this psalm is addressed to God, and the words "you" and "your" almost always refer to him. -"they walk in Yahweh's ways." Their behavior is spoken of as walking, and the way God wants us to behave is spoken of as his ways. AT: "they behave as Yahweh wants them to" (UDB) +# They do no wrong -## keep your instructions ## +They do not disobey Yahweh. -"obey all the things that you have declared that we should do" \ No newline at end of file +# they walk in his ways + +"they walk in Yahweh's ways." Here their behavior is spoken of as "walking," and the way God wants them to behave is spoken of as "his ways." AT: "they behave as Yahweh wants them to" + +# keep your instructions + +"obey all the things that you have declared that we should do" + +# carefully observe them + +This is to carefully know and understand the commandments and to obey those commandments. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/005.md b/psa/119/005.md index 939cc901a4..869a526761 100644 --- a/psa/119/005.md +++ b/psa/119/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## observance of your statutes ## +# I would be firmly established + +The writer speaks of being established in God's commandments as if no one could physically make him move. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# observance of your statutes "in obeying your statutes" -## all your commandments ## +# I would not be put to shame + +The writer does not want to be ashamed when he is in God's presence. + +# all your commandments "all that you have commanded us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/007.md b/psa/119/007.md index b339db1732..e434b3d088 100644 --- a/psa/119/007.md +++ b/psa/119/007.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## I will give thanks to you with a sincere heart ## +# an upright heart -AT: "I will sincerely give you thinks" +"a sincere heart." A person who is sincere will do what is right. The heart refers to the center of emotions in a person. See how you translated "uprightness" in [Psalms 25:21](../025/020.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## sincere ## +# your statutes -"truthful" or "pure" \ No newline at end of file +"Statutes" refers to God's laws or commands. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/009.md b/psa/119/009.md index ecb0ae63cc..c68e035f9d 100644 --- a/psa/119/009.md +++ b/psa/119/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## BETH ## +# BETH -This is the second letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 9-16 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the second letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 9-16 begins with this letter. -## How can a young person keep his path pure? ## +# How can a young person keep his path pure? -This question is used to introduce a new value to the word of God. AT: "This is how a young person can keep his path pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is used to introduce a new value to the word of God. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "This is how a young person can keep his path pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I seek you ## +# keep his path pure -Here this means "I try to serve you." +The writer compares living according to God's law as a path kept clear of obstructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## stray from your commandments ## +# With my whole heart -AT: “disobey your commandments.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. The heart refers to all of one's emotions, feelings, desires, and will. AT: "with all my being" or "with everything in me" or "sincerely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Do not let me stray from your commandments + +Here to disobey God's commandments is described as straying off a path. AT: "Do not let me disobey your commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/011.md b/psa/119/011.md index 86efb0899b..2fa7f51f5d 100644 --- a/psa/119/011.md +++ b/psa/119/011.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## I have stored up your word in my heart ## +# I have stored up your word in my heart -"I have put your words in my heart." This means "I have memorized your word." The heart is pictured as a container that can hold what people think. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I have put your words in my heart." This is a metaphor that means "I have memorized your word." The heart is pictured as a container that can hold what people think. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/013.md b/psa/119/013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8f8cc94a39 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/119/013.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# more than in all riches + +"more than all the wealth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/015.md b/psa/119/015.md index 2670ed0b8e..9e147d4e17 100644 --- a/psa/119/015.md +++ b/psa/119/015.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## meditate on your instructions ## +# I will meditate ... and pay attention + +These are parallel thoughts that have similar meanings, which are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# meditate on your instructions "think carefully about what you have instructed us" -## pay attention ## +# pay attention -AT: "give careful thought" \ No newline at end of file +This idiom refers to thinking clearly about what is being discussed. AT: "give careful thought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I delight + +to take pleasure \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/017.md b/psa/119/017.md index ddb0bb11bb..48f4a029bc 100644 --- a/psa/119/017.md +++ b/psa/119/017.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## GIMEL ## +# GIMEL -This is the third letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 17-24 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the third letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 17-24 begins with this letter. -## your servant ## +# your servant The writer called himself "your servant" to show his humility. -## open my eyes ## +# Open my eyes so that I may see -This means "help me to understand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The author speaks of gaining understanding, knowledge and wisdom as being able to see. AT: Help me to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in your law ## +# marvelous things in your law -AT: "in your instructions" or "in your commands" \ No newline at end of file +The author speaks of insight into the law as objects to marvel at. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in your law + +"in your instructions" or "in your commands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/019.md b/psa/119/019.md index 87266feb36..76b57171f0 100644 --- a/psa/119/019.md +++ b/psa/119/019.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## I am a foreigner in the land ## +# I am a foreigner in the land -AT: "I am like a foreigner living a short time in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the writers speaks of his short life on earth as if he were a foreigner who would not stay long in the land. AT: "I am like a foreigner living a short time in the land" or 2) the writer's ignorance of God's law as if he were a foreigner who did not know the laws of the land. AT: "I am ignorant like a foreigner in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## My desires are crushed by the longing ## +# My desires are crushed by the longing -AT: "My inner being strongly desires to know" or "My soul aches because I want so much to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of his desires being very strong as if they were in pain. AT: "My inner being strongly desires to know" or "My soul aches because I want so much to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/021.md b/psa/119/021.md index 9b20e94a39..d41842904a 100644 --- a/psa/119/021.md +++ b/psa/119/021.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## who are cursed ## +# who are cursed -Possible meanings are that 1) God will curse them, or 2) they deserve God's punishment. AT: "who deserve your punishment" +Possible meanings are that 1) God will curse them or 2) they deserve God's punishment. AT: "who deserve your punishment" -## who wander from your commandments ## +# who wander from your commandments -AT: "who go away from the path of your commandments" or "who disobey your commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of disobeying God's commandments as if they were a path that can be wandered off from. AT: "who go away from the path of your commandments" or "who disobey your commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Spare me from ## +# Spare me from "Keep me from" or "Rescue me from" -## and humiliation ## +# humiliation -"and feeling ashamed and foolish" \ No newline at end of file +"feeling ashamed and foolish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/023.md b/psa/119/023.md index cf8fb15a57..1672aae7e0 100644 --- a/psa/119/023.md +++ b/psa/119/023.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Though rulers plot and slander me ## +# Though rulers plot and slander me "Though rulers make plans to harm me and say bad things about me" -## Your covenant decrees are my delight ## +# Your covenant decrees are my delight "Your covenant decrees make me very happy." -## and they are my counselors ## +# they are my counselors -God's decrees are spoken of as if they were people. AT: "and they are like wise counselors to me" or "and they give me wise counsel" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +God's decrees are spoken of as if they were people. AT: "they are like wise counselors to me" or "they give me wise counsel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/025.md b/psa/119/025.md index d9deba4487..077076753f 100644 --- a/psa/119/025.md +++ b/psa/119/025.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## DALETH ## +# DALETH -This is the fourth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 25-32 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the fourth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 25-32 begins with this letter. -## My life clings to the dust ## +# My life clings to the dust -Possible meanings are that 1) he thought that he would die soon, 2) he lay in the dust because he was very sad, or 3) he realized that he desired the worthless things of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom. Possible meanings are that 1) he thought that he would die soon, or 2) he lay in the dust because he was very sad, or 3) he realized that he desired the worthless things of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## by your word ## +# Give me life by your word -AT: "according to your promise" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. Here "life" refers to purpose and significance, not just biological life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# by your word + +"according to your promise" + +# my ways + +What a person does or how he behaves is spoken of as if it were a road or way. AT: "what I have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/027.md b/psa/119/027.md index 15fbdce544..405c230511 100644 --- a/psa/119/027.md +++ b/psa/119/027.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## wondrous ## +# wondrous teachings -"amazing" +"amazing teachings" -## My heart drips ## - -Possible meanings are 1) "My heart is very weak" or "My heart cries." - -## with sadness ## +# with grief "because I am so sad" -## strengthen me ## +# Strengthen me -"help me stand." This means "make me strong." It may refer to physical strength or spiritual strength. \ No newline at end of file +"Make me strong." This may refer to physical strength or spiritual strength. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/029.md b/psa/119/029.md index 080996bec3..62d77efb5c 100644 --- a/psa/119/029.md +++ b/psa/119/029.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Turn from me the path of deceit ## +# Turn from me the path of deceit -The word "path" here refers to a way of behaving. AT: "Keep me from following the path of deceit" or "Prevent me from being deceptive" A (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "path" here refers to a way of behaving. AT: "Keep me from following the path of deceit" or "Prevent me from being deceptive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## deceit ## +# deceit Possible meanings are 1) "lying" or 2) "believing lies" or "following lies." -## the way of faithfulness ## +# the way of faithfulness -AT: "to follow your truths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## the way of faithfulness ## - -AT: "to be faithful to you" \ No newline at end of file +How a person behaves or acts is spoken as if it were a road or way. AT: "to be faithful to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/031.md b/psa/119/031.md index 3d77c34d7f..a9afaa8a70 100644 --- a/psa/119/031.md +++ b/psa/119/031.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## I cling to your covenant decrees ## +# I cling to your covenant decrees -AT: "I hold tightly to your covenant decrees." Holding tightly to them means being committed to obeying them. AT: "I am committed to obeying your covenant decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Holding tightly to them refers to being committed to obeying them. AT: "I hold tightly to your covenant decrees" or "I am committed to obeying your covenant decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## covenant decrees ## +# covenant decrees -AT: "your requirements" (UDB) +This refers to the Law of Moses. -## I will run in the path of your commandments ## +# I will run in the path of your commandments -AT: "I will move swiftly to obey your commandments" or "I will be quick to obey your commands" +The writer speaks of being focused or committed to obeying God's commands as if one is running on a path. AT: "I will be committed to obey your commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## you enlarge my heart ## +# you enlarge my heart -Possible meanings are "you help me understand your commands" or 2) 'you make me want to obey your commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. Possible meanings are 1) "you help me gain greater understanding of your commands" or 2) "you give me greater desire to obey your commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/033.md b/psa/119/033.md index 94893b4160..aac3e3657d 100644 --- a/psa/119/033.md +++ b/psa/119/033.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## HE ## +# HE -This is the fifth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 33-40 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the fifth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 33-40 begins with this letter. -## to the end ## +# your statutes -AT: "to the end of my life" or "to the end of time" +This is another way of describing the Law of Moses. -## keep your law ## +# to the end -"obey your law " +Possible meanings are 1) "completely" or 2) "to the end of my life" or 3) "to the end of time." -## I will keep your Law with all my heart ## +# keep your law -“I will surely keep your Law” or “I am completely committed to keeping your Law” \ No newline at end of file +"obey your law" + +# I will observe it with all my heart + +"I will surely observe your law" or "I am completely committed to doing what it says" + +# with all my heart + +This is an idiom. AT: "with all my being" or "with everything in me" or "sincerely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/035.md b/psa/119/035.md index f9717535a2..612992c6a8 100644 --- a/psa/119/035.md +++ b/psa/119/035.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Guide me in the path of your commandments ## +# Guide me in the path of your commandments -"Guide me according to your commandments" or "Teach me to obey your commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] +"Guide me according to your commandments" or "Teach me to obey your commandments." God's commandments are compared to a path that a person walks in obedience to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Direct my heart toward ## +# Direct my heart toward -AT: "Make me want" +This is an idiom. The "heart" here refers to the will, desires, and choices that directs one's life. AT: "Make me want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## your covenant decrees ## +# your covenant decrees -AT: "to obey your covenant decrees" +"to obey your covenant decrees". This is referring to obeying the Law of Moses. -## unrighteous gain ## +# unrighteous gain -AT: "the desire for riches" \ No newline at end of file +"the desire for riches." This is referring to wealth gained by illegal methods or wrongdoing towards others. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/037.md b/psa/119/037.md index dc1101ec36..869af459be 100644 --- a/psa/119/037.md +++ b/psa/119/037.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## worthless things ## +# Turn my eyes from looking at worthless things -"things that have no value" +This is a metaphor that refers to one desiring things that have no eternal value. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## revive me in your ways ## +# revive me in your ways -make me able to live as you wish me to live +"make me able to live as you wish me to live" -## revive me ## +# revive me -AT: "make my life strong" or "give me strength" +"make my life strong" or "give me strength" -## Carry out for your servant your promise that you made to those who honor you ## +# Carry out for your servant your promise that you made to those who honor you -AT: "Do for your servant what you promised to do for those who honor you" +"Do for your servant what you promised to do for those who honor you" -## your servant ## +# your servant -The writer referred to himself as God's servant to show his humility. AT: "me, your servant" \ No newline at end of file +The writer referred to himself as God's servant to show his humility. AT: "me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/039.md b/psa/119/039.md index c889ff864c..2ea94f9474 100644 --- a/psa/119/039.md +++ b/psa/119/039.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Take away the insults I dread ## - -The information that the insults are bad things that his enemies were saying about him can be stated clearly. AT: "Take away my enemies' mockery, which I fear" or "I dread the bad things my enemies say about me. Stop them from saying those things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -## I dread ## +# I dread "I am very afraid of" -## your righteous judgments are good ## +# your righteous judgments are good -All of God's judgments are righteous. AT: "Your judgments are righteous and good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-informremind]]) +God judges rightly and his decisions are good. AT: "Your judgments are righteous and good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## I have longed for your instructions ## +# See -AT: "I very much want your instructions." Possible meanings are 1) "I want very much to know your instructions" or 2) "I want very much to obey what you teach us to do." +This refers to being aware of the situation. The focus is on knowledge or understanding, rather than just observing. -## with your righteous deliverance ## +# I have longed for your instructions -All of God's deliverance is good. AT: "with your deliverance, because it is righteous" or "with your salvation, because you are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-informremind]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "I want very much to know your instructions" or 2) "I want very much to obey what you teach us to do." + +# revive me in your righteousness + +The word "righteousness" is an abstract noun and refers to being righteous. AT: "revive me because you are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# revive me + +Possible meanings are 1) "Keep me alive" or 2) "Make me strong." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/041.md b/psa/119/041.md index 3edc299cc5..397e1f8557 100644 --- a/psa/119/041.md +++ b/psa/119/041.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## VAV ## +# VAV -This is the sixth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 41-48 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the sixth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 41-48 begins with this letter. -## give me your unfailing love ## +# give me your unfailing love -This is a request. AT: "please give me your unfailing love" +This is a request. AT: "please give me your unfailing love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## a reply ## +# your salvation -AT: "an answer" \ No newline at end of file +You may make clear the understood information. AT: "give me your salvation" or "save me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# a reply + +"an answer" or "a response" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/043.md b/psa/119/043.md index 6db13cd333..9bcbab4551 100644 --- a/psa/119/043.md +++ b/psa/119/043.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Do not take the word of truth from of my mouth ## +# Do not take the word of truth from my mouth -AT: "Never prevent me from speaking your truth" +Here the writer is represented by his "mouth." AT: "Never prevent me from speaking your truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## for I have waited for your righteous decrees ## +# for I have waited for your righteous decrees -"waiting" has the concept of trusting, having confidence that God will do as He decrees. \ No newline at end of file +"waiting" has the concept of trusting, having confidence that God will do as he decrees. + +# I will observe + +"I will obey" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/045.md b/psa/119/045.md index 48d2c412a7..71a4cb05a9 100644 --- a/psa/119/045.md +++ b/psa/119/045.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## solemn commands before kings ## +# I will walk securely -AT: "serious commands to kings" or "instructions to kings" \ No newline at end of file +To walk securely is to live one's life securely. AT: "I will live securely in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I seek your instructions + +To "seek" is to perceive, or gain understanding of God's instructions as if one can see them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# solemn commands before kings + +"serious commands to kings" or "instructions to kings" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/047.md b/psa/119/047.md index 659f0887fe..f0dc93ee28 100644 --- a/psa/119/047.md +++ b/psa/119/047.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## I delight in your commandments ## +# I delight in your commandments -Possible meanings are 1) "I find delight in studying your commandments" or 2) I am delighted that I have the opportunity to study your commandments". +Possible meanings are 1) "I find delight in studying your commandments" or 2) "I am delighted that I have the opportunity to study your commandments." -## lift up my hands to ## +# lift up my hands to -to honor, cherish or respect God's commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom which means to honor, cherish or respect God's commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/049.md b/psa/119/049.md index 33b11bc379..ebe31eddb8 100644 --- a/psa/119/049.md +++ b/psa/119/049.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## ZAYIN: ## +# ZAYIN -This is the seventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 49-56 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the seventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 49-56 begins with this letter. -## Call to mind ## +# Call to mind your promise -"Do remember". See how you translated this in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md) \ No newline at end of file +"Remember your promise." See how you translated this in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md) + +# This is my comfort in my affliction: that your promise has kept me alive + +This clause can be restructured. AT: "The reason for my comfort is that your promise has kept me alive in my affliction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/051.md b/psa/119/051.md index d59f18193f..99cef72e3f 100644 --- a/psa/119/051.md +++ b/psa/119/051.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## scoffed at ## +# The proud + +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "The proud people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# scoffed at to mock someone or something that is looked down on, doubted, or not honored -## from ancient times ## +# from ancient times -This is a reference to when the decrees, the Law, were given along time ago. \ No newline at end of file +This is a reference to when the decrees, the Law, were given to Moses many years before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/053.md b/psa/119/053.md index 74f497a361..ecb0bea053 100644 --- a/psa/119/053.md +++ b/psa/119/053.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Hot anger has taken hold of me ## +# Hot anger has taken hold of me -AT: "I have become very angry." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. Anger is expressed as if it is a person that can grab another person. AT: "I have become very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Your statutes have been my songs + +"I have used your statutes as lyrics to my music" or "I have created songs from your statutes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/055.md b/psa/119/055.md index 0c3e06cc74..a7ff78409b 100644 --- a/psa/119/055.md +++ b/psa/119/055.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## my practice ## +# I think about your name -AT: "something I do over and over" or "my habit" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "I think about you, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I keep your law + +This is an idiom which means to obey the law. AT: "I obey your law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my practice + +"my habit" + +# I have observed your instructions + +This is an idiom which means to follow or to obey those instructions. AT: "I have obeyed your instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/057.md b/psa/119/057.md index 43c0104223..620d38a960 100644 --- a/psa/119/057.md +++ b/psa/119/057.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## HETH: ## +# HETH -64 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the eighth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 57-64 begins with this letter. -## Yahweh is my portion ## +# Yahweh is my portion -This means Yahweh is all he wants. This refers to the division of the land of Canaan. The Levites did not receive vast territories as the other tribes did. The Lord was their portion. \ No newline at end of file +This means Yahweh is all he wants. Just as the Levites did not receive vast territories of land for the Lord was to be their portion so the writer claims Yahweh as the satisfier of his needs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/059.md b/psa/119/059.md index 60d6530c96..658bfd4c37 100644 --- a/psa/119/059.md +++ b/psa/119/059.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## turned my feet ## +# turned my feet -AT: "changed my direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "feet" represent the whole person. To repent and choose to obey God's laws is like turning one's feet on a path to head in another direction. AT: "changed my direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I hurry and do not delay ## +# I hurry and do not delay -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer expresses the same idea both positively and negatively in order to emphasize the urgency with which he obeys Yahweh's commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/061.md b/psa/119/061.md index 0e284e47e0..6dc956e6d9 100644 --- a/psa/119/061.md +++ b/psa/119/061.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## The cords of the wicked have ensnared me ## +# The cords of the wicked have ensnared me -AT: "My enemies have tried to catch me" \ No newline at end of file +In this metaphor, wicked or evil people tried to cause the writer to sin like a hunter seeking to catch an animal with a trap. AT: "My enemies have tried to catch me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/063.md b/psa/119/063.md index c334ae767f..d0b08940c5 100644 --- a/psa/119/063.md +++ b/psa/119/063.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## I am a companion ## +# I am a companion of all who honor you -AT: "I am a friend of all who honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I am a friend of all who honor you" + +# The earth, Yahweh, is full of your covenant faithfulness + +People everywhere in the world being able to see evidence of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if his covenant faithfulness filled the earth. The abstract noun "covenant faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 33:5](../033/004.md). AT: "People everywhere on earth can see that you, Yahweh, are faithful to your covenant" or "Throughout the earth, there is evidence that you, Yahweh, are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/065.md b/psa/119/065.md index 88470c7574..e12e33c806 100644 --- a/psa/119/065.md +++ b/psa/119/065.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## TETH: ## +# TETH -72 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the ninth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 65-72 begins with this letter. -## by means of your word ## +# to your servant -AT: "as you have promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer refers to himself as "your servant." AT: "to me, your servant" or "to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# by means of your word + +This is an idiom. "Your word" refers to the promises Yahweh has made to the writer. AT: "as you have promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Teach me proper discernment and understanding, for I have believed in your commandments + +Some languages may require change in logical progression. AT: "Since I have believed in your commandments, teach me proper discernment and understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-intro]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/067.md b/psa/119/067.md index a4fc66ad40..8a62c97e57 100644 --- a/psa/119/067.md +++ b/psa/119/067.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# Before I was afflicted + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Before you afflicted me" or "Before you punished me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I went astray + +Disobeying God is spoken of as if the person walked on the wrong path. AT: "I disobeyed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I observe your word + +Here "word" represents commandments. AT: "I obey your commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/069.md b/psa/119/069.md index 59727c14e8..0ba6fa64ce 100644 --- a/psa/119/069.md +++ b/psa/119/069.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## smeared me with lies ## +# The arrogant -AT: "spread many bad lies about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "Arrogant people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## whole heart ## +# smeared me with lies -See how you translated this in [Psalms 9:1](../009/001.md). +People telling many lies about a person is spoken of as if they made the person dirty by spreading lies over him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## hearts are hardened ## +# with my whole heart -See how you translated this in [Psalms 95:8](../095/008.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" represents a person's will. AT: "with complete commitment" or "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Their hearts are hardened + +Here "hearts" represents the people's wills. A person being stubborn is spoken of as if their hearts or wills were hard like a rock. AT: "They are stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/071.md b/psa/119/071.md index 0f8e9ff148..ce340c73bf 100644 --- a/psa/119/071.md +++ b/psa/119/071.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Instruction from your mouth ## +# Instruction from your mouth is -This refers to the Law. AT: "The instructions you have given" \ No newline at end of file +Here "mouth" represents what God says. AT: "The instructions you have spoken are" or "Your instructions are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# than thousands of pieces of gold and silver + +This can be stated more generally. AT: "than a large amount of money" or "than great wealth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/073.md b/psa/119/073.md index 94457eee2a..a45eb4f6ab 100644 --- a/psa/119/073.md +++ b/psa/119/073.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## YOD: ## +# YOD -80 begins with this letter. \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of the tenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 73-80 begins with this letter. + +# Your hands have made and fashioned me + +God creating a person is spoken of as if God used his hands to shape the person the way someone may shape clay into an object. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your hands + +Here "hands" represents God's power or action. AT: "You" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# because I find hope in your word + +"because I trust what you say" or "I confidently believe what you say" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/075.md b/psa/119/075.md index 1027f1cdf3..5c1e4c5f1f 100644 --- a/psa/119/075.md +++ b/psa/119/075.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## in faithfulness you afflicted me ## +# in faithfulness you afflicted me -God promises to reward the righteous and punish wrongdoers, so he is faithful to do what he says he will. AT: "you remain faithful even when you disciplined me" \ No newline at end of file +God promises to reward the righteous and punish wrongdoers, so he is faithful to do what he says he will. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "you punished me because you are faithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Let your covenant faithfulness comfort me + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Comfort me by showing me that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your servant + +The writer refers to himself as "your servant." AT: "me, your servant" or "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/077.md b/psa/119/077.md index a4fc66ad40..02dee65fc1 100644 --- a/psa/119/077.md +++ b/psa/119/077.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# Let the proud be put to shame + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Put the proud to shame" or "Cause those who are proud to be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the proud + +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "proud people" or "those who are proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/079.md b/psa/119/079.md index de4c006a58..a0f0329c6b 100644 --- a/psa/119/079.md +++ b/psa/119/079.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## turn to me ## +# turn to me -AT: "come to me" or "unite with me" \ No newline at end of file +People returning in friendship to the writer is spoken of as if they physically turn towards him. AT: "come to me" or "unite with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those who know your covenant decrees + +Possible meanings are 1) this further describes those who honor God or 2) this indicates the purpose for those who honor God to return to the writer. The words "so that" could be added to indicate this. AT: "so that they may learn what you command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) + +# May my heart be blameless + +Here "heart" represents a person's thoughts and motives. AT: "May I be blameless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I may not be put to shame + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I may not be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/081.md b/psa/119/081.md index 910bb8d014..a2c5267386 100644 --- a/psa/119/081.md +++ b/psa/119/081.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## KAPH: ## +# KAPH -88 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the eleventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 81-88 begins with this letter. -## My eyes long ## +# I have hope in your word -AT: "I wait and wait" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I confidently trust in what you say" + +# My eyes long to see your promise + +Here "eyes" represents the whole person. AT: "I wait and wait for you to do what you promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/083.md b/psa/119/083.md index d20bf0ac04..45c8c5da6e 100644 --- a/psa/119/083.md +++ b/psa/119/083.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## wineskin ## +# I have become like a wineskin in the smoke -a bag made of animal skin for holding wine +A wineskin is ruined when it hangs for a long time in a smoke-filled place. The writer compares himself to a wineskin that has been ruined by smoke to emphasize that he feels useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like a wineskin in the smoke ## +# How long must your servant endure this; when will you judge those who persecute me? -AT: "useless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer uses a question to request God to punish those who persecute him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Please do not make wait any longer. Punish those who persecute me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## How long must your servant endure this; when will you judge those who persecute me? ## +# must your servant -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer refers to himself as "your servant." AT: "must I, your servant" or "must I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/085.md b/psa/119/085.md index c854176526..913dbad233 100644 --- a/psa/119/085.md +++ b/psa/119/085.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## The proud have dug pits for me ## +# The proud have dug pits for me -This refers to hunting where pits are dug to capture animals by falling into the pit. The proud are seeking to capture the psalmist or cause him to do wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The proud are seeking to capture the writer or cause him to do wrong. This is spoken of as if they were hunters digging holes to trap the writer like an animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The proud + +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "Proud people" or "Those who are proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/087.md b/psa/119/087.md index 6f5ff38ae1..da4d090388 100644 --- a/psa/119/087.md +++ b/psa/119/087.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## They have almost made an end to me on earth ## +# They have almost made an end to me on earth -AT: "They have almost killed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a polite way of speaking about someone killing someone else. AT: "They have almost killed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# By your steadfast love + +"According to your steadfast love." The phrase "steadfast love" or "faithfulness" can be stated as an adverb. AT: "because you faithfully love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/089.md b/psa/119/089.md index 9128e10c09..7e954fefd7 100644 --- a/psa/119/089.md +++ b/psa/119/089.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## LAMEDH: ## +# LAMEDH -96 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the twelfth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 89-96 begins with this letter. -## for all generations ## +# your word stands forever -See how you translated this in [Psalms 89:11](../089/011.md). \ No newline at end of file +"what you have said will be true forever" + +# your word is established firmly in heaven + +This speaks about what God has said as if it were an object that stands firmly upright. AT: "what you have said will be true in heaven forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for all generations + +"for all future generations." This is an idiom that means "forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/091.md b/psa/119/091.md index 14ca30f27c..3dde60f303 100644 --- a/psa/119/091.md +++ b/psa/119/091.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## all things are your servants ## +# all things are your servants -AT: "all things serve you" or "all things obey your commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +All created things are spoken of as if they were persons who can serve God. AT: "all things serve you" or "all things obey your commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/093.md b/psa/119/093.md index 922d1cedb5..478c5744ee 100644 --- a/psa/119/093.md +++ b/psa/119/093.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## I will never forget ## +# I will never forget -AT: "I will remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I will always remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# for through them you have kept me alive + +It is implied that the writer obeys God's instructions. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "for you have kept me alive because I obey them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# for I seek your instructions + +Trying hard to obey God's instructions is spoken of as if instructions were an object for which a person must search. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/095.md b/psa/119/095.md index 825e47ad50..e749b4114a 100644 --- a/psa/119/095.md +++ b/psa/119/095.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## everything has its limits ## +# I will seek to understand -AT: "everything will come to an end" +"I will try hard to understand" -## beyond limits ## +# everything has its limits -AT: "without limits" or "eternal" \ No newline at end of file +"all things have an end" + +# but your commandments are broad, beyond limits + +God's commandments always being true and perfect is spoken of as if God's commandments were an object that is so wide that it never ends. AT: "but your commandments are without limits" or "but your commandments are eternal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/097.md b/psa/119/097.md index b361468a6b..86c6b56a30 100644 --- a/psa/119/097.md +++ b/psa/119/097.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## MEM: ## +# MEM -104 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 97-104 begins with this letter. -## your commandments are always with me ## +# your commandments are always with me -AT: "your commandments are always on my mind" or "I frequently think about your commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +Constantly thinking about God's commandments is spoken of as if the commandments were an object that the writer keeps with him always. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/099.md b/psa/119/099.md deleted file mode 100644 index b3159e1632..0000000000 --- a/psa/119/099.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -## instructions ## - -AT: "rules" or "commandments" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/101.md b/psa/119/101.md index 2681da87c3..acfeff6ced 100644 --- a/psa/119/101.md +++ b/psa/119/101.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## kept my feet back from every evil path ## +# I have kept my feet back from every evil path -AT: "not done evil" or "have not followed evil ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Avoiding doing what is evil is spoken of as if it were avoiding walking on paths that are evil. AT: "I have avoided doing what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## turned aside ## +# kept my feet -See how you translated this in [Psalms 14:2](../014/002.md) \ No newline at end of file +Here "feet" represents the whole person. AT: "kept myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# observe your word + +"obey your word" or "observe your commands" + +# I have not turned aside from your righteous decrees + +Continuing to obey God's righteous decrees is spoken of as if the writer has not physically turned away from the righteous decrees. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I always obey your righteous decrees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/103.md b/psa/119/103.md index 4838cf305b..3fb9957163 100644 --- a/psa/119/103.md +++ b/psa/119/103.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## How sweet are your words to my taste, yes, sweeter than honey to my mouth! ## +# How sweet are your words to my taste, yes, sweeter than honey to my mouth! -AT: "God's words are good and delightful!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer delighting in what God says is spoken of as if God's words were food that tasted sweet to the writer. AT: "Your words are good and delightful!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I gain discernment + +The abstract noun "discernment" can be stated as a verb. AT: "I learn to discern what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# therefore I hate every false way + +Evil behavior is spoken of as if it were a false way or road. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/105.md b/psa/119/105.md index 542dd25def..cb1c9f6624 100644 --- a/psa/119/105.md +++ b/psa/119/105.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## NUN: ## +# NUN -112 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the fourteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 105-112 begins with this letter. -## is a lamp to my feet ## +# Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light for my path -These two phrases have the same meaning. AT: "shows me where to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two phrases have similar meanings. They speak about God telling a person how to live as if the person were walking on a path and God's words were a light that helps the person see where to go. AT: "Your words tell me how to live my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your word + +Here "word" represents all that God communicates to people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/107.md b/psa/119/107.md index f01935a1a2..59046092d6 100644 --- a/psa/119/107.md +++ b/psa/119/107.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## freewill offerings of my mouth ## +# as you have promised in your word -The psalmist's prayer is compared to a sacrifice offered to God. AT: "my prayer as a sacrifice to you" \ No newline at end of file +"as you have promised to do" + +# freewill offerings of my mouth + +The writer speaks of his prayer as if it were a sacrifice that he is offering to God. AT: "my prayer as a sacrifice to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# of my mouth + +Here "mouth" represents the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/109.md b/psa/119/109.md index 50b189d0ae..d75396bd83 100644 --- a/psa/119/109.md +++ b/psa/119/109.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## set a snare ## +# My life is always in my hand -This means to be put in a position or situation that is difficult to escape. AT: "set a trap" (See "snare" here: :en:ta:workbench:translate:biblicalimagery) +This is an idiom that means the writer's life is always in danger. AT: "My enemies are often trying to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## strayed from your instructions ## +# I do not forget your law -AT: "disobeyed your instructions" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I always remember your laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# The wicked have set a snare for me + +Wicked people trying to capture and kill the writer is spoken of as if they were hunters setting a trap to catch an animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The wicked + +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "Wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# I have not strayed from your instructions + +Not disobeying God's instructions is spoken of as if the writer has not walked away from God's instructions. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I obey your instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/111.md b/psa/119/111.md index fb1cec70a4..b80bbf2dcc 100644 --- a/psa/119/111.md +++ b/psa/119/111.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## I claim your covenant decrees as my heritage forever ## +# I claim your covenant decrees as my heritage forever -AT: "Your laws will belong to me forever" +The writer always cherishing and obeying God's decrees is spoken of as if the decrees are land or a possession that the writer will inherit. AT: "Your laws will belong to me forever" or "Your covenant decrees are like a heritage I will keep forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they are the ## +# they are the joy of my heart -AT: "they bring me delight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "they make me joyful" or "I delight in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## my heart is set on obeying ## +# My heart is set on obeying -AT: "I am determined to obey" +Here "heart" represents the writer's will. The phrase "heart is set" is an idiom. It is a way of saying the writer is determined. AT: "I am determined to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## forever to the very end ## +# to the very end -AT: "to the end of the world" or "to the end of my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "every one of them" 2) "to the very end of my life" or 3) "to the very end of time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/113.md b/psa/119/113.md index 598f52cf27..975d0fd360 100644 --- a/psa/119/113.md +++ b/psa/119/113.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## SAMEKH: ## +# SAMEKH -120 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the fifteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 113-120 begins with this letter. -## who have a double mind ## +# who have a double mind -These people are not sincere. They are not wholly committed to following God. AT: "who cannot make up their mind about following God" or "who are insincere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +A person who is not sincere and not fully committed to obeying God is spoken of as if the person has two minds. AT: "who are not completely committed to obeying you" or "who are insincere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my hiding place ## +# my hiding place -This means God is like a place where we can hide from our enemies, where we are safe and protected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God making the writer safe is spoken of as if God were a place where the writer could go and hide. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my shield ## +# my shield -AT: "my protector" +God protecting the writer is spoken of as if God were the writer's shield. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your word ## +# I wait for your word -AT: "your instruction" \ No newline at end of file +Here "wait" means to wait expectantly. This has the idea of hope and trust. AT: "I trust in your word" + +# your word + +Here "word" represents what God communicates to people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/115.md b/psa/119/115.md index b84a59c489..40d6288e96 100644 --- a/psa/119/115.md +++ b/psa/119/115.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Sustain me by your word ## +# Sustain me by your word -AT: "Give me strength through your word" or "Enable me to be strong as you promised in your word" \ No newline at end of file +"Give me strength as you said you would" or "Enable me to be strong as you promised" + +# and not be ashamed of my hope + +Here "my hope" represents the writer's trust in God and his promises. This can be stated as a complete sentence. AT: "Do not disappoint me." or "Do not cause me shame by not doing what you promised to do." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/117.md b/psa/119/117.md index 613181e2b8..d6ff0ff269 100644 --- a/psa/119/117.md +++ b/psa/119/117.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## deceptive and unreliable ## +# Support me -AT: "misleading and not able to be trusted" or "dishonest and not able to be trusted" \ No newline at end of file +"Help me" or "Strengthen me" + +# those people are deceptive and unreliable + +Possible meanings are 1) "those people lie and no one can trust them" or 2) "those people make deceitful plans but they will fail" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/119.md b/psa/119/119.md index 5b6e736459..d3170ecb1d 100644 --- a/psa/119/119.md +++ b/psa/119/119.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## You remove all of the wicked of the earth like slag ## +# You remove all the wicked of the earth like slag -Slag is the waste or undesired leftovers in the process of refining gold or other metals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Slag is the waste or undesired leftovers in the process of refining gold or other metals. Yahweh removes the wicked people as if they were trash. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## solemn commands ## +# the wicked -See how you translated this in [Psalms 25:10](../025/010.md). +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## trembles in fear of you ## +# like slag -AT: "shakes because I fear you" \ No newline at end of file +"like trash" or "like waste" + +# My body trembles in fear of you + +Here "body" represents the whole person. AT: "I shake because I fear you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I am afraid of your righteous decrees + +It is implied that the writer is afraid of God's righteous decrees because the writer knows that God punishes those who disobey his decrees. You can make the full meaning of this statement explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/121.md b/psa/119/121.md index 008637c1b1..5a96e5e6ad 100644 --- a/psa/119/121.md +++ b/psa/119/121.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## AYIN: ## +# AYIN -128 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the sixteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 121-128 begins with this letter. -## abandon me to my oppressors ## +# do not abandon me to my oppressors -AT: "allow people to oppress me" \ No newline at end of file +"do not allow people to oppress me" + +# Guarantee the welfare of your servant + +The writer speaks about himself as "your servant." AT: "Guarantee my welfare" or "Help and protect me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the proud + +This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "those who are proud" or "proud people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/123.md b/psa/119/123.md index b9cdcbedf4..6e713e0ed1 100644 --- a/psa/119/123.md +++ b/psa/119/123.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# My eyes grow tired as I wait + +Here "eyes" represents the whole person. AT: "I grow tired because I wait and wait" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for your salvation and for your righteous word + +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "for you to save me as you promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your righteous word + +"your righteous promise" + +# Show your servant + +The writer speaks about himself as "your servant." AT: "Show me" or "Show me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# your covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as an adverb or adjective. AT: "that you faithfully love me" or "that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/125.md b/psa/119/125.md index a4fc66ad40..f088bf9867 100644 --- a/psa/119/125.md +++ b/psa/119/125.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# give me understanding + +The abstract noun "understanding" can be stated as a verb. AT: "enable me to understand what you want me to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# It is time for Yahweh to act + +The writer is speaking to Yahweh in the third person. This can be stated in second person. AT: "It is time for you to act, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# people have broken your law + +This is an idiom. Here "have broken" means "disobeyed." This is a way of saying the people have disobeyed God's law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/127.md b/psa/119/127.md index 0c80b0df2e..5641930a07 100644 --- a/psa/119/127.md +++ b/psa/119/127.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## every path of falsehood ## +# I carefully follow all your instructions -AT: "all the bad ways some people live" \ No newline at end of file +A person carefully obeying all of God's instructions is spoken of as if as if the instructions were leading a person and that person follows behind. AT: I carefully obey all of your instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# every path of falsehood + +People doing what is evil is spoken of as if they are walking on the wrong path. AT: "all the bad ways some people live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/129.md b/psa/119/129.md index e0c06ff09c..0582ebba3f 100644 --- a/psa/119/129.md +++ b/psa/119/129.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## PE ## +# PE -This is the seventeenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 129-136 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the seventeenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 129-136 begins with this letter. -## covenant decree ## +# The unfolding of your words gives light -See how you translated this in [Psalms 19:7](../019/007.md) +The writer speaks of Yahweh's words as if those words were fabric that is folded, and of the person who explains Yahweh's words as if they are unfolding that fabric. AT: "The explanation of your words gives light" or "When someone explains your words, they give light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The unfolding of your words gives light ## +# The unfolding of your words gives light -AT: "The explanation of your words gives understanding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of Yahweh's words giving wisdom to a person as if his words were shining a light on them. AT: "The explanation of your words gives people wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/131.md b/psa/119/131.md index 8fd163b7db..01faf99700 100644 --- a/psa/119/131.md +++ b/psa/119/131.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I open my mouth and pant ## +# I open my mouth and pant, for I long for your commandments -AT: "I am eagerly waiting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of his desire for Yahweh's commandments as if he were a dog panting for water. AT: "I earnestly long for your commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## love your name ## +# Turn to me -AT: "love you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +To turn towards someone means to pay attention to that person. AT: "Pay attention to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# love your name + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "love you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/133.md b/psa/119/133.md index 6d9f7acdd1..4353b6cd76 100644 --- a/psa/119/133.md +++ b/psa/119/133.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Direct my footsteps ## +# Direct my footsteps -AT: "Guide me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the word "footsteps" represents the writer as he is walking. He speaks of the way he lives, or his conduct, as if he were walking on a path. AT: "Direct me" or "Teach me how to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## do not let any sin rule me ## +# do not let any sin rule me -"do not let my enemies rule over me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of sin as if it were a person who has authority over him. Possible meanings are 1) "do not let me habitually commit any sin" or 2) "do not let sinful men rule me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Redeem me from human oppression + +The word "oppression" can be translated as a verb. AT: "Save me from people who oppress others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/135.md b/psa/119/135.md index 243013ad57..07f743c235 100644 --- a/psa/119/135.md +++ b/psa/119/135.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## shine on your servant ## +# Let your face shine on your servant -AT: "show favor on your servant" or "bless and guide your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards him as if Yahweh's face shone a light on him. AT: "Act favorably towards your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## streams of tears ## +# Streams of tears -AT: "many tears" \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of his many tears as if they were streams of water. AT: "Many tears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# observe your law + +"obey your law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/137.md b/psa/119/137.md index db66de7bc6..1118390ad6 100644 --- a/psa/119/137.md +++ b/psa/119/137.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## TSADHE ## +# TSADHE -This is the eighteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 137-144 begins with this letter +This is the name of the eighteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 137-144 begins with this letter -## covenant decrees ## +# covenant decrees -See how you translated this in [Psalms 19:7](../019/007.md) \ No newline at end of file +Other possible meanings are "testimonies" or "laws." See how you translated this in [Psalms 78:5](../078/005.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/139.md b/psa/119/139.md index 1854a34770..e4a127fe5d 100644 --- a/psa/119/139.md +++ b/psa/119/139.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## tested very much ## +# Anger has destroyed me -AT: "proven true" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. The phrase is an exaggeration for "I am extremely angry." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# has been tested very much + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I have tested your word many times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# your servant loves + +The writer speaks of himself as if he were another person. AT: "I, your servant, love" or "I love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/141.md b/psa/119/141.md index a4fc66ad40..c88cbbea76 100644 --- a/psa/119/141.md +++ b/psa/119/141.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# I am ... despised + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People despise me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/143.md b/psa/119/143.md index 4847b1a2b5..718d0ef202 100644 --- a/psa/119/143.md +++ b/psa/119/143.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## distress and anguish have found me ## +# distress and anguish have found me -AT: "I have become distressed and anguished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist speaks of distress and anguish as if they were people. AT: "I have become distressed and anguished" or "my body and my mind are suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/145.md b/psa/119/145.md index c4f5b35b7f..44f3bb05ec 100644 --- a/psa/119/145.md +++ b/psa/119/145.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## QOPH ## +# QOPH -This is the nineteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each of verses 145-152 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the nineteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each of verses 145-152 begins with this letter. -## with my whole heart ## +# with my whole heart -AT: "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The psalmist speaks of his whole being as if it were only his heart. AT: "completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## covenant decree ## +# covenant decrees -See how you translated this in [Psalms 19:7](../019/007.md) \ No newline at end of file +Other possible meanings are "testimonies" or "laws."See how you translated this in [Psalms 78:5](../078/005.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/147.md b/psa/119/147.md index fcdb641f86..1a1f746a46 100644 --- a/psa/119/147.md +++ b/psa/119/147.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## dawn of the morning ## +# dawn of the morning -AT: "before the sun first appears" +"before the sun first appears" -## My eyes are open before the night watches change ## +# My eyes are open before the night watches change -In Hebrew culture, the night was divided into usually three "watches" or periods. AT: "I'm awake all night" \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom. In Hebrew culture, the night was usually divided into three "watches" or periods. AT: "I am awake all night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/149.md b/psa/119/149.md index aef6bb106d..7d96f801d0 100644 --- a/psa/119/149.md +++ b/psa/119/149.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Hear my voice in your covenant faithfulness ## +# in your covenant faithfulness -AT: "hear my prayers because of your covenant faithfulness" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# they are far from your law + +"they have strayed from your law" or "they do not pay any attention to your laws" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/151.md b/psa/119/151.md index 536b630847..c8f966628b 100644 --- a/psa/119/151.md +++ b/psa/119/151.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## all your commandments are trustworthy ## +# all your commandments are trustworthy -AT: "I can trust your commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +"I can trust your commandments" -## covenant decree ## +# covenant decrees -See how you translated this in [Psalms 19:7](../019/007.md) \ No newline at end of file +Other possible meanings are "testimonies" or "laws." See how you translated this in [Psalms 78:5](../078/005.md) + +# set them in place + +The psalmist speaks of Yahweh's commands as if they were posts set in the ground. AT: "given them for people to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/153.md b/psa/119/153.md index 22d0c235ed..651ce56d33 100644 --- a/psa/119/153.md +++ b/psa/119/153.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## RESH ## +# RESH -This is the twentieth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 153-160 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the twentieth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 153-160 begins with this letter. -## Look on my affliction ## +# Look on my affliction -AT: "See my affliction" \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist speaks of affliction as if it were an object that people could see. AT: "Look at how much I am suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Plead my cause + +"Defend me against those who accuse me" + +# keep me + +"protect my life" or "give me life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/155.md b/psa/119/155.md index c34458c5b7..621178236d 100644 --- a/psa/119/155.md +++ b/psa/119/155.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Salvation is far from the wicked ## +# Salvation is far from the wicked -AT: "The wicked will certainly not be saved" or "You will certainly not save the wicked" +God not saving a person is spoken of as if salvation were far from the person. The abstract noun "Salvation" can be stated as "save." AT: "You will certainly not save the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Great are your merciful actions ## +# Great are your merciful actions -AT: "Your merciful acts are great" or "You have done many merciful things" +Here "great" means "many." AT: "You have shown mercy to people many times" or "You have done many merciful things" -## as you always do ## +# as you always do Another possible meaning is "because you do what is just." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/157.md b/psa/119/157.md index 0f8ff5fba7..29e4819c60 100644 --- a/psa/119/157.md +++ b/psa/119/157.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## the treacherous ## +# My persecutors -AT: "those who betray me" or "my enemies" \ No newline at end of file +"Those who persecute me" + +# I have not turned from + +This is an idiom. "I have not stopped obeying" or "I have not stopped believing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# covenant decrees + +Other possible meanings are "testimonies" or "laws." See how this is translated in [Psalms 78:5](../078/005.md). + +# the treacherous + +The adjective "treacherous" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "treacherous people" or "those who betray me" or "my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# do not keep + +"do not obey" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/159.md b/psa/119/159.md index c61d6df460..c552c5e392 100644 --- a/psa/119/159.md +++ b/psa/119/159.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## The essence of your word is trustworthy ## +# See -AT: "your word is completely true" \ No newline at end of file +"Notice" or "Look at me so you can see" + +# by your covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# The essence of your word is truth + +"Your word is completely true" or "Your word can be trusted" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/161.md b/psa/119/161.md index 28da49772b..c0f45140e4 100644 --- a/psa/119/161.md +++ b/psa/119/161.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## SHIN: ## +# SHIN -This is the twenty-first letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 161-168 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the twenty-first letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 161-168 begins with this letter. -## my heart trembles, afraid of disobeying your word ## +# my heart trembles, afraid of disobeying your word -AT: "I am shaking because I fear disobeying your word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The psalmist speaks of the heart as if it could tremble and be afraid. The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "I am shaking because I am afraid that I will disobey your word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## plunder ## +# plunder -treasure \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) things that soldiers and robbers take from those they have defeated in battle or 2) things of great value or "treasure." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/163.md b/psa/119/163.md index a4fc66ad40..6dd9f8241d 100644 --- a/psa/119/163.md +++ b/psa/119/163.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no notes for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# hate and despise + +These two words mean almost the same thing. AT: "hate very strongly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# falsehood + +Possible meanings are this is a metonym for 1) "people who lie" or 2) "the false words that people say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/165.md b/psa/119/165.md index 0d7f8f81ae..2e12c62a4b 100644 --- a/psa/119/165.md +++ b/psa/119/165.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## nothing makes them stumble ## +# nothing makes them stumble -AT: "nothing makes them sin" or "nothing makes them fall into error" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "nothing makes them do wrong" or 2) "nothing causes them trouble." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/167.md b/psa/119/167.md index ea59abfbff..d75b1f6970 100644 --- a/psa/119/167.md +++ b/psa/119/167.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## solemn commands ## +# I observe your solemn commands -See how you translated this in [Psalms 25:10](../025/010.md) \ No newline at end of file +"I obey your solemn commands" + +# solemn commands + +Other possible meanings are "testimonies" or "laws." See how you translated this in [Psalms 119:2](./001.md). + +# I keep your instructions + +"I obey your instructions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/169.md b/psa/119/169.md index c467adc811..e6889889c8 100644 --- a/psa/119/169.md +++ b/psa/119/169.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## TAV: ## +# TAV -second letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 169-176 begins with this letter. +This is the name of the twenty-second letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 169-176 begins with this letter. -## May my plea come before you ## +# give me understanding into your word -AT: "May you hear my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist speaks of the ability to understand as if it were a solid object. AT: "help me understand your word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# May my plea come before you + +The psalmist speaks of the words he says in prayer as if they were people who want to speak to a king. AT: "May you hear my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/171.md b/psa/119/171.md index b2b2e12920..0afa10146c 100644 --- a/psa/119/171.md +++ b/psa/119/171.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## May my lips pour out praise ## +# May my lips pour out praise -AT: "I desire to praise you a lot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] ) +The psalmist speaks of his lips as if they were a container and his praise a liquid that could be poured out. Here the word "lips" is a synecdoche which represents the whole person. AT: "I desire to praise you much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## my tongue sing ## +# my tongue sing -AT: "me sing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist speaks of his tongue either 1) as if it were a person or 2) as a synecdoche for his whole being. AT: "me sing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/173.md b/psa/119/173.md index 7e1cf7741d..5bde94d02e 100644 --- a/psa/119/173.md +++ b/psa/119/173.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## May your hand help me ## +# May your hand help me -AT: Please help me (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +The hand is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "Please help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# have chosen + +"have chosen to obey" + +# for your rescue + +"you to rescue me" + +# your law is my delight + +The abstract noun "delight" can be stated as a verb. "I very much enjoy obeying your law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/175.md b/psa/119/175.md index 2008215fb9..94b8d4052c 100644 --- a/psa/119/175.md +++ b/psa/119/175.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## like a lost sheep ## +# may your righteous decrees help me -AT: "I have left your way like a sheep that has left its flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist speaks of Yahweh's decrees as if they were a person who could help him. AT: "may I listen to your righteous decrees and so become wise and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have wandered off like a lost sheep + +The psalmist compares his disobedience to Yahweh to a sheep that has wandered away from the flock. AT: "I have left your way like a sheep that has left its flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# seek your servant + +"because I am your servant, come and search for me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/119/intro.md b/psa/119/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e112bad0c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/119/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Psalm 119 General Notes # + +#### Formatting in this chapter #### + +This is an alphabetic psalm with twenty-two groups of eight verses each all beginning with the same letter of the alphabet in the alphabetical order of the Hebrew alphabet. + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 119 is a wisdom psalm about the Law of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The Law ##### +The author loved the law of God and was blessed by obeying it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 119:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../118/intro.md) | [>>](../120/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/120/001.md b/psa/120/001.md index 4931bb1cb3..92ae4963ef 100644 --- a/psa/120/001.md +++ b/psa/120/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A song of ascents ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." +# A song of ascents -## In my distress ## +Possible meanings are 1) "A song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "A song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "A song whose words are like steps." -“In my trouble.” AT: “When I was in trouble” +# In my distress -## lie with their lips and deceive with their tongues ## +"In my trouble" or "When I was in trouble" -AT: "lie to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Rescue my life + +Here the word "life" represents the person. AT: "Rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# those who lie with their lips and deceive with their tongues + +Here the phrases "their lips" and "their tongues" represent the people who speak lies and deceit. AT: "those who lie to me and try to deceive me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/120/003.md b/psa/120/003.md index 67fc4757d8..5d34e08f92 100644 --- a/psa/120/003.md +++ b/psa/120/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## What will he inflict on you, and what more besides, you deceitful tongue? ## +# How will he punish you, and what more will he do to you, you who have a lying tongue? -AT: "God will punish the liars." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The writer asks this as a leading question to explain what God will do to liars. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "This is how God will punish you, and this is what he will do to you, you who have a lying tongue." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## deceitful tongue ## +# you who have a lying tongue -AT: "liars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "a lying tongue" represents the person who speaks lies. AT: "you who tell lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## He will shoot you with the sharp arrows of warriors ## +# He will punish you with the arrows of a warrior -AT: "He will punish you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of God severely punishing liars as if God were shooting them with arrows. AT: "He will punish you severely, as if he were shooting you with warrior's arrows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## arrowheads heated over hot coals ## +# sharpened over burning coals of the broom tree -This refers to the tip of an arrow and indicates a severe punishment. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to how people forged the tip of the arrow in a fire. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that he sharpened over burning coals of the broom tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/120/005.md b/psa/120/005.md index 95dbfc65dd..a32205da76 100644 --- a/psa/120/005.md +++ b/psa/120/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Meshech ## +# I temporarily live in Meshech; I lived previously among the tents of Kedar -This is the area inhabited by the descendants of Japeth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/japheth]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). +These two places were far away from each other. The writer is likely using the names metaphorically to represent living among cruel and barbaric people. AT: "It is as if I live in Meshech or among the tents of Kedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## tents of Kedar ## +# the tents of Kedar -AT: "among those who live in Kedar" or "among a people from the East" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase represents the people of Kedar who live in those tents. AT: "the people who live in Kedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am for peace + +"I want peace" + +# they are for war + +"they want war" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/120/intro.md b/psa/120/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..23c3565acc --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/120/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 120 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 120 is a psalm of deliverance from liars. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fighting ##### +The author did not want to fight, but the people he lived with wanted to fight him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 120:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../119/intro.md) | [>>](../121/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/121/001.md b/psa/121/001.md index fca7eb86f6..ffbc223edb 100644 --- a/psa/121/001.md +++ b/psa/121/001.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A song of ascents ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md). +# A song of ascents -## From where will my help come? ## +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md). -AT: "my hope only comes from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# lift up my eyes + +This expression means "look at" or "focus my attention on." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# From where will my help come? + +The writer uses this question to focus attention on the source of his help. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I will tell you from where my help comes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# My help comes from Yahweh + +This is the answer to the previous question. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/121/003.md b/psa/121/003.md index 362f7c1c0b..e92f0fd21c 100644 --- a/psa/121/003.md +++ b/psa/121/003.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -The speaker now begins speaking to the people of Israel. +# General Information: -## He will not allow your foot to slip ## +There is a shift here to the second person. This may mean 1) the writer begins speaking to the people of Israel or 2) the writer is quoting another person speaking to the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -AT: "God will not allow you. Israel, to fail" or "God will protect you, Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-netaphor]]) +# your foot to slip -## he who protects you will not slumber. See, the guardian of Israel never slumbers or sleeps ## +The slipping of a foot is associated with falling. AT: "you to fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See” Parallelism) +# he who protects ... the guardian -## he who protects you will not slumber ## +These two phrases means the same thing, and emphasize God's role as a protector. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "God will always protect you" or "God will not stop protecting you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# he who protects you will not slumber -## see ## +Here to "slumber" means he would stop protecting. The negative form strengthens the statement. AT: "God will not fall asleep and stop protecting you" or "God will always protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -This word strengthens the following sentence. It does not mean to do anything with your eyes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# will not slumber ... never slumbers or sleeps -## the guardian of Israel ## +These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This is another reference to God being the protector of Israel. +# See -## slumbers or sleeps ## +This word alerts us to pay attention to the important information that follows. -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# never slumbers or sleeps + +These two words mean the same thing. Here to "slumber" means to stop protecting. The negative form strengthens the statement. AT: "will not sleep and stop protecting you" or "will always protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/121/005.md b/psa/121/005.md index 0fedd7a7c8..9f1d646d81 100644 --- a/psa/121/005.md +++ b/psa/121/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Yahweh is the shade at your right hand. ## +# Yahweh is the shade at your right hand -AT: "God protects you from things that would hurt you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "shade" refers to protection. AT: "God is beside you to protect you from things that would hurt you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## The sun will not harm you by day, nor the moon by night. ## +# at your right hand -AT: "God protects you during the day and the night." or "God protects you from the elements during all the time." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here this expression means to be beside or near to the writer. + +# The sun will not harm you by day, nor the moon by night + +The contrasting terms "day" and "night" refer to those extremes and everything in between. AT: "God protects you from the elements at all times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# nor the moon by night + +It is implies that "will not harm you" is implied here. The full meaning of this statement may be made clear. AT: "nor will the moon harm you by night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/121/007.md b/psa/121/007.md index f8e55c85fe..75248062a3 100644 --- a/psa/121/007.md +++ b/psa/121/007.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## from all evil ## +# Yahweh will protect you ... he will protect your life ... Yahweh will protect you -AT: "from all evil things" or "from being harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These phrases all have similar meanings. The repetition strengthens the ideas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Yahweh will protect you from all harm, and he will protect your life ## +# your life -These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the writer. AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/121/intro.md b/psa/121/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f311b5142d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/121/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 121 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 121 is a worship psalm. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### +God always watches over those who believe in him and protects them from harm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 121:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../120/intro.md) | [>>](../122/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/122/001.md b/psa/122/001.md index 19908e685b..1046067c50 100644 --- a/psa/122/001.md +++ b/psa/122/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A song of ascents ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) +# A song of ascents -## our feet are ## +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) -Here the people are being referred to by their feet since people stand on their feet. AT: "We are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# Jerusalem, our feet are standing within your gates! -## inside your gates, Jerusalem ## +The writer briefly stops speaking to his audience and speaks directly to the city of Jerusalem. Jerusalem is spoken to as if it was a person who could hear the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -AT: in the city of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +# our feet are standing -## Jerusalem was build like a city that is compact together ## +Here "feet" refers to the whole person. AT: "we are standing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "Jerusalem was built with great unity" \ No newline at end of file +# within your gates + +Here "gates" refers to the city. AT: "inside you, Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/122/004.md b/psa/122/004.md index 0cdd7a50f8..2b88199665 100644 --- a/psa/122/004.md +++ b/psa/122/004.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## The tribes go up there ... as a law for Israel ## +# the name of Yahweh -AT: "The tribes of Israel goes up to house of Yahweh in obedience to his command" \ No newline at end of file +Here "name" refers to Yahweh himself. AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the house of David + +Here "house" refers to the descendants of David. AT: "the descendants of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/122/006.md b/psa/122/006.md index c6e7c9e95a..ff652b92ba 100644 --- a/psa/122/006.md +++ b/psa/122/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## They will prosper who love you. ## +# May those who love you have peace ... peace within your fortresses -"Let those who love you prosper" +This section states the content of the prayer that the writer wants his audience to pray. He asks them to speak directly to the city of Jerusalem, as if the city was a person who could hear them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## May there be peace within ... and prosperity within ... ## +# May there be peace within ... may they have peace within -These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together to strengthen each other. AT: "May there be peace and prosperity within Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases have the same meanings and are used together to strengthen each other. AT: "May the people in Jerusalem live in peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## peace within your walls ## +# within the walls that defend you ... within your fortresses -Here Jerusalem is referred to by its walls. AT: "peace within Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## prosperity within your towers ## - -This refers to the Jerusalem and likely the surrounding areas within Jerusalem's control. At: "may there be prosperity in Jerusalem" or "may there be prosperity in Jerusalem and its surroundings" \ No newline at end of file +Here Jerusalem is referred to by the fortress walls that protects it. The terms "walls" and "fortress" refer to the same thing. AT: "within Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/122/008.md b/psa/122/008.md index b5969d192d..1e6900780f 100644 --- a/psa/122/008.md +++ b/psa/122/008.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## sakes ## +# General Information: -"well-being" +In this section, the writer speaks directly to the city of Jerusalem, as if the city was a person who could hear them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## for your good ## +# For the sake -AT: "for good things to happen to you" \ No newline at end of file +"For the well-being" + +# May there be peace within you + +"May the people in you live in peace" + +# I will seek good for you + +The abstract noun "good" can be stated as an action. AT: "I will pray that people treat you well" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/122/intro.md b/psa/122/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f54739b9ce --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/122/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 122 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 122 is a psalm about Jerusalem. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Jerusalem ##### +Jerusalem is an important city, the center of government and religious activities; so the author prays for peace for the city. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 122:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../121/intro.md) | [>>](../123/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/123/001.md b/psa/123/001.md index c26c656d77..9be28488c2 100644 --- a/psa/123/001.md +++ b/psa/123/001.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A song of ascents ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) +# song of ascents -## I lift up my eyes ## +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) -Here the author refers to his eyes because that is the part of the body used for seeing. AT: "I look to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# I lift up my eyes -## enthroned ## +Here the author refers to his eyes because that is the part of the body used for seeing. AT: "I look to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# enthroned sitting on a throne and ruling as king -## as the eyes of servants … as the eyes of a maid … so our eyes look … ## +# as the eyes of servants ... as the eyes of a maid ... so our eyes look -These three phrases have similar meanings. The third phrase, about the Israelites, is being compared to how the servants and maids look to their masters and mistresses for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These three phrases have similar meanings. The third phrase, about the Israelites, is being compared to how the servants and maids look to their masters and mistresses for help. In each case "eyes" refers to the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## maids ## +# master's hand ... mistress's hand -"servant girls" +Here "hand" refers to the provision for needs. AT: "master's provision ... mistress's provision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## mistress ## +# maid -the woman who has authority over the servant girls \ No newline at end of file +"servant girl" + +# mistress + +the woman who has authority over the servant girls + +# has mercy on us + +The abstract noun "mercy" can be stated as an action. AT: "act mercifully toward us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/123/003.md b/psa/123/003.md index 8430d3d488..1d5265dfa0 100644 --- a/psa/123/003.md +++ b/psa/123/003.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## we are filled with humiliation ## +# Have mercy on us -"we have been disgraced" +The abstract noun "mercy" can be stated as an action. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 123:2](./001.md). AT: "act mercifully toward us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## We are more than full ## +# we are filled ... We are more than full -AT: "We have had too much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +These two phrases have similar meaning, with the second increasing the intensity of the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## scoff ## +# we are filled with humiliation -to mock or insult +Here humiliation is spoken of as if it were something that could be fill up a person. "we are very disgraced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the insolent ## +# We are more than full -rude and arrogant people +This idiom means that the amount is excessive, in a negative sense. AT: "We have had too much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## of the scoffing ... and with the contempt ... ## +# of the scoffing ... and with the contempt -There two phrases have very similar meanings and are used together to emphasize how much they have been mocked by the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +There two phrases have very similar meanings and are used together to emphasize how much they have been mocked by the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# scoffing + +"mocking" or "insults" + +# the insolent + +This refers to the insolent people. AT: "rude and arrogant people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# the proud + +This refers to the proud people. AT: "the people who are proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/123/intro.md b/psa/123/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b0b766dd3e --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/123/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 123 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 123 is a psalm asking for deliverance from the contempt of proud people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +Just as a servant trusts his master to protect him, so the author is trusting God to stop proud people from insulting him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 123:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../122/intro.md) | [>>](../124/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/124/001.md b/psa/124/001.md index 651b789fa0..c43993201c 100644 --- a/psa/124/001.md +++ b/psa/124/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## A song of ascents ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) +# song of ascents -## if it had not been Yahweh who was on our side ## +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) -AT: "Without Yahweh's help" +# If Yahweh had not been on our side ... then they would have swallowed us up alive -## swallowed us up alive ## +This is a hypothetical statement that describes a result that did not happen, because Yahweh was actually on their side. AT: "Yahweh was on our side ... so they were not able to swallow us up alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -This metaphor compares how the Israelites could've died to how a fierce animal would attack a smaller animal to eat. AT: "killed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# If Yahweh had not been on our side ... if it had not been Yahweh who was on our side -## their anger raged against us ## +These two phrases mean the same thing. AT: "Without Yahweh's help ... without Yahweh's help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "They attacked us" \ No newline at end of file +# swallowed us up alive + +This metaphor describes how the Israelites could have died to how a fierce animal would attack a smaller animal to eat. AT: "killed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their anger raged against us + +Here "their anger" refers to the enemies who were angry. AT: "they were very angry with us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/124/004.md b/psa/124/004.md index 7d25178e64..b9265c698c 100644 --- a/psa/124/004.md +++ b/psa/124/004.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + In these two verses the author compares the enemies of Israel to a flood of water. -## The water would have swept is away ## +# The water would have swept us away ... would have drowned us -AT: "Our enemies would have easily defeated us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This continues the hypothetical statement from the previous verse. It describes a result that did not happen, because Yahweh was actually on their side. AT: "The water did not sweep us away ... did not drown us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## the torrent would have overwhelmed us ## +# The water ... the torrent ... the raging waters -"the violent waters would have been too much for us" or AT: "Our enemies would have overwhelmed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the raging waters would have drowned us ## +# swept us away ... overwhelmed us ... drowned us -"the violent waters would have killed us" or AT: "our enemies would have killed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# The water would have swept us away + +Here the enemies of the writer are spoken of as if they were a flood of water. AT: "Our enemies would have easily defeated us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the torrent would have overwhelmed us + +Here the enemies of the writer are spoken of as if they were a flood of water that would have drowned the Israelites. AT: "our enemies would have overwhelmed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the raging waters would have drowned us + +Here the enemies of the writer are spoken of as if they were a raging river that would have drowned the Israelites. AT: "our enemies would have destroyed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/124/006.md b/psa/124/006.md index 4bb6bd4007..f0f2cc40fe 100644 --- a/psa/124/006.md +++ b/psa/124/006.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## the snare ## +# torn by their teeth -"the trap" \ No newline at end of file +The enemies are spoken of as if they were wild animals that would destroy the Israelites by eating them. AT: "destroyed as if we were eaten by wild animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# escaped like a bird out of the snare of the fowlers + +The writer describes his escape from the enemies as if he was a bird that had escaped from the snare of the hunters. AT: "escaped from our enemies as a bird escapes from the trap that hunters have set" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# snare + +a small trap of string or wire made for catching small animals or birds + +# the snare has been broken + +The plot of the enemies to catch the writer failed as if it was a snare that had broken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/124/008.md b/psa/124/008.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5e8a5f9a03..0000000000 --- a/psa/124/008.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -There are no translation notes for this verse. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/124/intro.md b/psa/124/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..14ffe0891e --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/124/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 124 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 124 is a psalm of praise for God's delivering the Israelites from their enemy's attack. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh saves ##### +God saved the Israelites from their enemy who wanted to completely destroy them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 124:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../123/intro.md) | [>>](../125/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/125/001.md b/psa/125/001.md index 81f0163d9e..a716e090f7 100644 --- a/psa/125/001.md +++ b/psa/125/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## A song of ascents ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) +# song of ascents -## so Yahweh surrounds his people now and forever ## +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) -Here the phrase "Now and forever" means "always". AT: "so Yahweh will always surround his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +# Those who trust in Yahweh are like Mount Zion, unshakable, forever enduring -## The scepter of wickedness ... land of the righteous ## +People who trust in Yahweh are spoken of as if they they were Mount Zion. Mountains are unable to be moved. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -Here the scepter of wickedness of being used to represent wicked people. AT: "Wicked people must no be allowed to rule the righteous land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# As the mountains surround Jerusalem, so Yahweh surrounds his people + +Yahweh's protection is spoken of as if he was the mountains surrounding Jerusalem. Jerusalem was surrounded by several mountains, which protected it from attack. AT: "As the hills that surround Jerusalem protect it, so Yahweh protects his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# now and forever + +Here, this phrase means "always." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# The scepter of wickedness + +Here the scepter of wickedness represents the rule of wicked people. AT: "Wicked people" or "Wicked rulers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/125/004.md b/psa/125/004.md index a2515e0e58..e686cf3c86 100644 --- a/psa/125/004.md +++ b/psa/125/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Do good ## +# Do good, Yahweh -This is a request. AT: "Please do good" or "I beg you to do good" +This is a request. AT: "Yahweh, please do good things" or "Yahweh, I beg you to do good things" -## upright in their hearts ## +# are upright in their hearts -AT: "righteous" (See: [[[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here, "hearts" refers to their desires. AT: "desire to do the right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## their crooked ways ## +# turn aside -"their wicked ways" \ No newline at end of file +Refusing to obey Yahweh is spoken of as turning away from a good path. AT: "leave good and go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their crooked ways + +Here wicked ways are spoken of as if they were a path that is not straight. AT: "their wicked ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lead them away + +People are lead away in order to punish them. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "lead them away to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/125/intro.md b/psa/125/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..649aaaa080 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/125/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 125 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 125 is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### +God protects good people. He will not allow the evil people to rule over the good people because they might make them do evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 125:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../124/intro.md) | [>>](../126/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/126/001.md b/psa/126/001.md index 29a71a27c5..14c630540d 100644 --- a/psa/126/001.md +++ b/psa/126/001.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## A song of ascents ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) +# song of ascents -## restored the fortunes of Zion ## +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) -Made Zion prosperous again. \ No newline at end of file +# restored the fortunes of Zion + +"made Zion prosperous again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/126/002.md b/psa/126/002.md index ae6e2e91e2..4d3c139435 100644 --- a/psa/126/002.md +++ b/psa/126/002.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## our mouths were filled with laughter ## +# our mouths were filled with laughter -AT: "We laughed and laughed" +Laughing is spoken of as if their mouths were a container and their laughter was in it. It can be made clear that this laughter was a response to their joy. AT: "we laughed for joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## our tongues with singing ## +# our tongues with singing -"our tongues were filled with singing" or AT: "we sang and sang" or "we sang and sang some more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The verbs "were filled" can be stated clearly. Singing is spoken of as if their tongues were containers and singing was in them. AT: "our tongues were filled with singing" or "we sang songs of joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they said among the nations ## +# they said among the nations -"the people of the nations said among themselves" +"the people of the nations said among themselves." The pronoun is used before introducing what it references. This is very unusual. -## Yahweh did great things for us; how glad we were! ## +# Yahweh did great things for us; how glad we were! -"how glad we were because Yahweh did these great things for us!" \ No newline at end of file +"How glad we were, because Yahweh did these great things for us!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/126/004.md b/psa/126/004.md index 2b53efc098..bb8b7e4805 100644 --- a/psa/126/004.md +++ b/psa/126/004.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Those who sow in tears ... He who goes out weeping ... bringing his sheaves with him ## +# Those who sow in tears ... He who goes out weeping ... bringing his sheaves with him -These are two verses are parallel--The seconde sentence has the same meaning as first sentence but it gives more details. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +These two verses parallel each other. The second sentence has the same meaning as first sentence, but it gives more details. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Those who sow in tears ## +# Those who sow in tears -"Those who sow with tears" - -## sheaves ## - -AT: "crops" \ No newline at end of file +"Those who sow with tears" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/126/intro.md b/psa/126/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d382adc7c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/126/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 126 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 126 is a psalm of praise for Yahweh bringing captives home. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sorrow and joy ##### +People may have sorrow now; but later it will turn into joy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/joy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 126:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../125/intro.md) | [>>](../127/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/127/001.md b/psa/127/001.md index f6254d94a4..5145d9b73c 100644 --- a/psa/127/001.md +++ b/psa/127/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## A song of ascents ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) +# song of ascents -## to rise up early, to come home late ## +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) -This references someone who works long hours of the day. +# to rise up early, to come home late -## eat the bread of hard work ## +A person who works hard often has to wake up earlier in the morning and return home late at night. -AT: "work hard for your daily needs" \ No newline at end of file +# eat the bread of hard work + +This is an idiom. Bread often represents the food a person needs every day in order to live. AT: "work hard for your daily needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/127/003.md b/psa/127/003.md index 32a310dbb4..bc8bf3340e 100644 --- a/psa/127/003.md +++ b/psa/127/003.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## heritage ## +# heritage -This references something that is inherited. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]]) +"gift" or "valued possession". Children normally receive an inheritance from their parents. Inheritance goes from parents to children. This passage refers to children as the inheritance of their parents. -## Like arrows in the hand of a warrior, so are the children of one's youth ## +# Like arrows in the hand of a warrior, so are the children of one's youth -AT: "Having many children will help to protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Arrows are very important to a warrior because they protect him in battle. Children are spoken of as if they are a warrior's arrow. AT: "Having many children will help to protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## quiver full of them ## +# his quiver full of them -A quiver is a container for arrows. AT: "a home full of children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +A quiver is a container for arrows. Having many children is spoken of as if the children were arrows in a quiver. AT: "a home full of children" or "many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/127/intro.md b/psa/127/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..275aac5314 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/127/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 127 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 127 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Blessings ##### +God wants his people to have rest. It is a blessing to have many children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/rest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 127:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../126/intro.md) | [>>](../128/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/128/001.md b/psa/128/001.md index 29e16f9856..511bf9f469 100644 --- a/psa/128/001.md +++ b/psa/128/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A song of ascents ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) +# song of ascents -## Blessed is everyone who honors Yahweh ## +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) -"Yahweh will bless everyone who honors him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Blessed is everyone who honors Yahweh -## What your hands provide ## +This phrase occurs in the passive voice to avoid implying that Yahweh is obligated to bless those who honor him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will bless everyone who honors him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -Here a man is being referred to by his hands because that is the part of the body he works with. AT: "What you provide" or "What you work for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# What your hands provide -## blessed and prosper ## +A man can be referred to by his hands because that is the part of the body he works with. AT: "What you provide" or "What you work for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -These two words emphasize God's favor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +# you will be blessed and prosper + +The words "be blessed" and "prosper" share similar meanings and emphasize God's favor. AT: "Yahweh will bless you and prosper you" or "Yahweh will make you blessed and prosperous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/128/003.md b/psa/128/003.md index a856fb7b65..f0d39bca2c 100644 --- a/psa/128/003.md +++ b/psa/128/003.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## like a fruitful vine in your house ## +# like a fruitful vine in your house -AT: "she will be very productive and give you many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The wife is spoke of as a vine producing a lot of fruit. This implies that children are like fruit and the wife will have many children. AT: "very productive and give you many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## your children will be like olive plants ## +# your children will be like olive plants -His children are compared to the many shoots that grow up around an olive tree. AT: "you will have many children that will grow and prosper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Children are compared to olive plants because of the way they grow to surround something. Children will surround the table and make it full. AT: "you will have many children who will grow and prosper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## around the table ## +# around your table -This refers to the place where a family gathers to eat. +This refers to the place where a family gathers to eat. Often, all those who eat a man's table are under his authority or control. -## the man will be blessed who honors Yahweh ## +# the man will be blessed who honors Yahweh -"Yahweh will bless the man who honors him" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated as an active verb. "Yahweh will bless the man who honors him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## all the days of your life ## +# all the days of your life "throughout your lifetime" -## May peace be on Israel ## +# May peace be on Israel -"May you give peace to Israel" \ No newline at end of file +"May Israel have peace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/128/intro.md b/psa/128/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2bb2a5798e --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/128/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 128 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 128 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Respect ##### +Those people who respect God will live well and have many children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 128:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../127/intro.md) | [>>](../129/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/129/001.md b/psa/129/001.md index 7d53a13089..b320dc390c 100644 --- a/psa/129/001.md +++ b/psa/129/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A song of ascents ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) +# song of ascents -## they have attacked ## +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) -AT: "my enemies have attacked" +# The plowers plowed on my back -## The plowers have plowed on my back ## +The cuts from a whipping are spoken of as the plow of a plowman. A farmer plowed deep lines into a field. AT: "My enemies have cut me deeply on my back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Here the cuts being inflicted on someone's back by whipping is being compared to a farmer plowing a field. AT: "My enemies have cut me deeply on my back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# they made their furrows long -## they made their furrows long ## - -AT: "They made their cuts long and deep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a continuation of the plowing metaphor. The "furrow" is the line the farmer plowed. AT: "they made their cuts long" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/129/004.md b/psa/129/004.md index 0db27b84b0..a116b2cf14 100644 --- a/psa/129/004.md +++ b/psa/129/004.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## cut the ropes of the wicked ## +# he has cut the ropes of the wicked -AT: "He has freed us from our enemies"​ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Israel is spoken of as being bound by evil people. AT: "he has freed us from our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## May they all be put to shame and turned back ## +# May they all be put to shame and turned back -"May God cause them to be put to shame and their wrath to be turned away from us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh is not explicitly mentioned as the one who does these things. This can be stated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh shame them and defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/129/006.md b/psa/129/006.md index dc309fe275..8cf002337a 100644 --- a/psa/129/006.md +++ b/psa/129/006.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## that cannot fill the reaper's hand ## +# May they be like ... sheaves -"it's not enough for the reaper to cut" +The psalmist speaks of his enemies dying and being few in number. They are compare to the little bit of grass that grows on the roof of a house and withers and is not enough to cut or bundle. AT: "May they die and may there be so few of them that they would be like the grass ... sheaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## or the chest of the one who binds sheaves ## +# the blessing of Yahweh be on you -"it's not enough to bind into sheaves" - -## the blessing of Yahweh ## - -AT: "Yahweh's blessing" \ No newline at end of file +"Yahweh bless you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/129/intro.md b/psa/129/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f21702f518 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/129/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 129 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 129 is a psalm of deliverance from Israel's many enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh saves ##### +Israel's enemies have always persecuted them but God has saved them from their enemies. He prays that this enemy will be destroyed with no one to wish them well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 129:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../128/intro.md) | [>>](../130/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/130/001.md b/psa/130/001.md index 64c05e5ea5..6b3d626a87 100644 --- a/psa/130/001.md +++ b/psa/130/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A song of ascents ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md). +# song of ascents -## Out of the depths ## +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) -AT: "Because I am very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Out of the depths -## I cry ## +The author's sadness is spoken of as if it were a container. His sadness comes from the bottom of the container. Sadness is often spoken of as being a container that fills from the top to the bottom. AT: "Because I am very sad," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"I pray to you" +# let your ears be attentive -## let your ears be attentive ## +The ears represent Yahweh, but because the author knows that Yahweh hears everything, he is really asking for Yahweh to respond. AT: "please listen" or "please respond" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "please listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# to my pleas for mercy -## to my pleas for mercy ## - -AT: "I ask you to be merciful to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "mercy" can be stated as "merciful." AT: "to my pleas and be merciful to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/130/003.md b/psa/130/003.md index 24db12faf8..d8015b1e47 100644 --- a/psa/130/003.md +++ b/psa/130/003.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## who could stand? ## +# who could stand? -AT: "you would say no one is innocent." or "you would say everyone is guilty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +The speaker uses this question to express the futility of thinking that anyone could stand in this situation. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "no one could stand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# who could stand + +"Stand" often represents escaping or surviving when someone attacks. In this case, it would be to escape from being being punished. AT: "no one could escape from your punishment" or "no one could survive your punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/130/005.md b/psa/130/005.md index 829ce35090..df53ad832f 100644 --- a/psa/130/005.md +++ b/psa/130/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## my soul waits ## +# My soul -See how you translated this in [Psalms 62:1](../062/001.md) +"My soul" represents the psalmist. AT: "I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## watchmen ## +# My soul waits -men who guard towns and fields against robbers \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist is spoken of as if he were waiting on something with expectation. AT: "I hope" or "I trust" or "I desire for something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# My soul waits ... more than watchmen wait for the morning + +The psalmist speaks of his desire for the Lord to help him as being greater than the desire that those who work all night have for the morning to come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# watchmen + +These are men who guard towns or fields against enemies or robbers. Here it refers to men who have to stay awake at night doing this. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/130/007.md b/psa/130/007.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5aec3e866e --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/130/007.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Israel ... his sins + +The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a man. AT: "the people of Israel ... their" or "us people of Israel ... our" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/130/intro.md b/psa/130/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..17ddc8f2c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/130/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 130 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 130 is a psalm of praise that God forgives sins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Forgive ##### +God forgives sin and helps the sinner. So Israel should trust in God for his forgiveness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 130:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../129/intro.md) | [>>](../131/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/131/001.md b/psa/131/001.md index c159109bed..d8cbf64bb9 100644 --- a/psa/131/001.md +++ b/psa/131/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A song of ascents ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md). +# song of ascents -## my heart is not proud or my eyes haughty ## +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) -These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See" [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# my heart is not proud or my eyes haughty -## I do not have great hopes for myself ## +The heart and the eyes represent the person. AT: "I am not proud or haughty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "I do not expect to do great things" \ No newline at end of file +# I do not have great hopes for myself + +Possible meanings are "I do not expect to do great things" or "I do not think I am great." + +# things that are beyond me + +Things that are too hard for a person to understand are spoken of as if they are beyond the person or too far away from the person to be able to reach them. AT: "things that are too hard to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/131/002.md b/psa/131/002.md index ffae9a26f6..b7ea47de41 100644 --- a/psa/131/002.md +++ b/psa/131/002.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## a weaned child with his mother ## +# I have stilled and quieted my soul -The child is no longer demanding breast milk from his mother. Possible meanings are 1) "a child who no longer drinks milk but is happy with to be with his mother" (UDB) or 2) "a child who has finished drinking milk for a while and is resting with his mother." If your language has a word for child that does not specify male or female, you may use it here. \ No newline at end of file +The soul represents the person or his emotions. Being calm and peaceful is spoken of has having making one's soul still and quiet. AT: "I am calm and peaceful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my soul within me + +The soul represents the person or his emotions. AT: "I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a weaned child with his mother + +The psalmist speaks of himself being content and resting as if he were a young child that no longer demands breast milk from his mother. AT: "content like a young child that no longer cries for breast milk but rests in his mother's arms" or "content and resting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/131/intro.md b/psa/131/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4af3c5bf4a --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/131/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 131 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 131 is a wisdom psalm teaching trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +This psalm focuses on the concept of trust. A quiet trust in Yahweh is best. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 131:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../130/intro.md) | [>>](../132/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/001.md b/psa/132/001.md index e1198323eb..070c214cef 100644 --- a/psa/132/001.md +++ b/psa/132/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A song of ascents ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -see how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) +# song of ascents -## for David's sake call to mind ## +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) -AT: "help David by remembering" +# for David's sake -## call to mind ## +"because of what happened to David" -see how you translated this in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md) \ No newline at end of file +# call to mind + +"remember" or "think about" + +# the Mighty One of Jacob + +This refers to God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/003.md b/psa/132/003.md index 82acd5a4e7..bc5d40b298 100644 --- a/psa/132/003.md +++ b/psa/132/003.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## He said ## +# He said -AT: "King David said to God" \ No newline at end of file +"King David said" + +# I will not give sleep to my eyes or rest to my eyelids + +Sleep and rest are spoken of as if they are things that can be given. Here eyes and eyelids represent the whole person. AT: "I will not allow my eyes to sleep or my eyelids to rest" or "I will not sleep or close my eyes and rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# until I find a place for Yahweh + +Building a place for Yahweh is spoken of as finding a place for him. AT: "until I build a place for Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Mighty One of Jacob + +This refers to God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/006.md b/psa/132/006.md index 7e675a1a40..702a44f0ac 100644 --- a/psa/132/006.md +++ b/psa/132/006.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## we heard about it in Ephrathah ## +# we heard about it in Ephrathah -AT: "those of us people of Israel who were in Ephrathah heard about the sacred chest" +The word "it" probably refers to where God's sacred chest was. The phrase "in Ephrathah" probably refers to where they were when they heard about it. This can be stated clearly. AT: "we who were in Ephrathah heard about where the sacred chest was" or "we in Ephrathah heard that the holy box was in Jaar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## fields of Jaar ## +# fields of Jaar -the fields where people's animals grazed near a town whose name means Forest (ULB) or City of Forests (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Jaar is probably another name for the city of Kiriath Jearim. This probably refers to the fields surrounding the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## we will worship at his footstool ## +# we will worship at his footstool -AT: "we will worship him as our king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Worshiping God at the covenant box is spoken of as bowing at the feet of the king who is sitting on his throne. This communicates humility and submission to God. AT: "we will go to God's covenant box and worship him as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your resting place ## +# Arise, Yahweh, to your resting place -the sacred tent where they worship God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The verb "come" can be stated clearly. "Arise, Yahweh, and come to your resting place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# your resting place + +The place God chose for people to worship him is spoken of as if it were a place where he rests or lives eternally. AT: "the place where you stay" or "your tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you and the ark of your strength! + +Possible meanings are 1) "come to the ark of your strength" or 2) "come, and make the ark of your strength come." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the ark of your strength + +"the ark that shows your great power" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/009.md b/psa/132/009.md index 2b6a3396cf..bc28757f20 100644 --- a/psa/132/009.md +++ b/psa/132/009.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## May your priests be clothed with integrity ## +# May your priests be clothed with integrity -"I want people to see how your priests always do what is right" +Integrity is spoken of as if it were clothing. AT: "May people recognize that your priests have integrity" or "I want people see how your priests always do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For ... David's sake ## +# For your servant David's sake -see how you translated this in [Psalms 132:1](./001.md) \ No newline at end of file +"Because of what happened to your servant David." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 132:1](./001.md). + +# do not turn away from your anointed king + +Here "turning away" means to reject someone. AT: "do not abandon the king that you anointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/011.md b/psa/132/011.md index f0c4dc2db9..a93463b0a2 100644 --- a/psa/132/011.md +++ b/psa/132/011.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## turn back from his oath ## +# I will place one of your descendants on your throne -AT: "not do what he promised to do" +Making a king's descendant become king in his place is spoken of as placing him on that king's throne. AT "I will cause one of your descendants to rule Israel in your place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## set ... on your throne ## +# sit on your throne -AT: "cause ... to rule Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Ruling as king is spoken of as sitting on the throne. AT: "rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## sit on your throne ## +# your sons -AT: "rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "your sons" represents the descendants of David that would become king. AT: "your descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/013.md b/psa/132/013.md index 1125ca7be0..ba50d53d29 100644 --- a/psa/132/013.md +++ b/psa/132/013.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## Zion ... her ... her ## +# General Information: -The author as though Zion were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +"He", "my" and "I" refer to Yahweh and "her" refers to Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# Zion ... her ... her + +The author writes as though the city of Zion were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# he has desired her for his seat + +Here "seat" represents either 1) his throne where he would rule, or 2) the place where he would stay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he has desired her for his seat + +"Yahweh has desired Zion for Yahweh's seat." This shows the actual participants. + +# my resting place + +The place God chose for people to worship him is spoken of as if it were a place where he rests or lives eternally. AT: "the place where I stay" or "my tabernacle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/015.md b/psa/132/015.md index d1c4d7e525..e371112b71 100644 --- a/psa/132/015.md +++ b/psa/132/015.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## her ... her ... her ... her ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Zion ... Zion's ... Zion's ... Zion's" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +God continues to speak about the city of Zion as if Zion was a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# will abundantly bless her + +"will abundantly bless Zion" + +# will satisfy her poor with bread + +Here "poor" refers to the poor people in Zion and "bread" probably represents food in general. AT: "will satisfy the poor people in Zion with food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I will clothe her priests with salvation + +Salvation is spoken of as if it is clothing. Possible meanings are 1) "I will cause the priests to behave in a manner worthy of ones whom I have saved" or 2) "I will save her priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/017.md b/psa/132/017.md index ead649ccf8..c29d5a3575 100644 --- a/psa/132/017.md +++ b/psa/132/017.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## make the horn … to grow ## +# I will make a horn to sprout for David -An animal horn is meant here. This is a metaphor for power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +God speaks of a powerful descendant of David as if he was the powerful horn of an animal. AT: "I will make a descendant of David become king after him" or "I will cause David to have a descendant who will be a powerful king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my anointed one ## +# set up a lamp for my anointed one -AT: "my king" +God speaks of causing David's descendants to continue to rule as king as if they were a lamp that would continue to shine. AT: "I will cause my anointed one's descendants to continue to rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his crown will shine ## +# my anointed one -a reference to the glory of the king (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"my chosen king" or "the king I have chosen" + +# I will clothe his enemies with shame + +Shame is spoken of as if it was clothing. This shame would result from losing in war. AT: "I will cause his enemies to be ashamed" or "I will cause his enemies to be defeated and ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his crown will shine + +The crown represents his rule, and greatness is spoken of as shining. AT: "he will be a great king" or "his greatness will shine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/132/intro.md b/psa/132/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..076b3235fc --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/132/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Psalm 132 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 132 is a royal psalm praising David. It might have been sung when David brought the ark to Jerusalem. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ark ##### +The Ark had been moved from one place to another several times. David wanted to make a permanent home for it. God had promised David that his son would be king after him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) + + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 132:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../131/intro.md) | [>>](../133/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/133/001.md b/psa/133/001.md index 9d58b98649..a376041ddd 100644 --- a/psa/133/001.md +++ b/psa/133/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A song of ascents ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md). +# song of ascents -## behold ## +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 27:4](../027/004.md). +# Behold -## for brothers ## +This word is used to stress the importance of the statement that follows. -Here, brothers refers to fellow Israelites. \ No newline at end of file +# for brothers to live together + +The relationships among fellow God's people is spoken of as if they were brothers. AT: "for God's people to live together peacefully as brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/133/002.md b/psa/133/002.md index b9a3a4c517..9c791478b9 100644 --- a/psa/133/002.md +++ b/psa/133/002.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -## It is ## +# It is like fine oil on the head -AT: "the result of unity is" +The goodness of unity among God's people is spoken of as if it were like the fine oil that was poured on Aaron's head. AT: "This unity is precious like the oil that was poured on Aaron's head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## precious oil ## +# like the dew of Hermon -AT: "a good-smelling fragrance" +The goodness of unity among God's people is spoken of as it if it were refreshing like dew. AT: "refreshing like the dew of Hermon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like the precious oil on the head that flowed down the beard ## - -"with joy and seriousness" (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -## like the dew of Hermon ## - -AT: "a refreshing" - -## Hermon ## +# Hermon This is a mountain in Israel that has snow on its peak year-round. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/133/intro.md b/psa/133/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d197a5a4b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/133/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 133 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 133 is a wisdom psalm about harmony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Harmony ##### +Harmony between relatives is refreshing and brings a blessings from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 133:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../132/intro.md) | [>>](../134/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/134/001.md b/psa/134/001.md index fe7fe04556..c313ff3cfe 100644 --- a/psa/134/001.md +++ b/psa/134/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A song of ascents ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md). +# song of ascents -## all you servants of Yahweh ## +Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) -"you who serve the +# all you servants of Yahweh -## you who serve during the night ## +"all you who serve Yahweh" -AT: "even those who serve at night" +# Lift up your hands -## lift up your hands ## +This is how people prayed or praised God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -This is how people prayed or praised. +# to the holy place -## to the holy place ## - -"to the temple" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "to the temple" or 2) "to the holy place in the temple." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/134/003.md b/psa/134/003.md index 5db56ea7da..84baf13a7a 100644 --- a/psa/134/003.md +++ b/psa/134/003.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## he who made ## +# heaven and earth -AT: "He maked" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "heaven and earth" here represents all things. AT: "everything in heaven and earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/134/intro.md b/psa/134/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..45c8a03723 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/134/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 134 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 134 is a temple psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Watchmen ##### +The watchmen who work at night should praise God. Then he will bless them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 134:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../133/intro.md) | [>>](../135/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/001.md b/psa/135/001.md index 5998f60d1e..be65eda67d 100644 --- a/psa/135/001.md +++ b/psa/135/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## Praise the name of Yahweh ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Praise Yahweh (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Praise the name of Yahweh -## stand ## +Yahweh's name represents him. "Praise Yahweh" or "Praise him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -as a servant, ready to obey commands +# stand in Yahweh's house -## Yahweh, God ## +This represents serving Yahweh in his temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -make sure that these refer to the same person \ No newline at end of file +# Yahweh ... our God + +Make sure that people can understand that the phrase "our God" refers to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/003.md b/psa/135/003.md index ff85a52d6e..4c409d7fed 100644 --- a/psa/135/003.md +++ b/psa/135/003.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## for it is pleasant to do so ## +# for it is pleasant to do so -AT: "because we get pleasure from doing so" or "because his name gives us pleasure." \ No newline at end of file +"because we get pleasure from praising his name" + +# Yahweh has chosen Jacob + +"Jacob" here refers to his descendants, the people of Israel. AT: "Yahweh has chosen Jacob's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Israel as his possession + +The beginning of the sentence can be stated clearly. AT: "he has chosen Israel to be his possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/005.md b/psa/135/005.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..21ba6daeb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/135/005.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# that our Lord is above all gods + +"I know that our Lord is above all gods." Being greater than something is spoken of as being above it. AT: "that our Lord is greater than all gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/007.md b/psa/135/007.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..77fe198e75 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/135/007.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# bringing the wind out of his storehouse + +A storehouse is a place where things are kept for future use. This imagery shows God's power to control the wind. AT: "causing the wind to blow by his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/008.md b/psa/135/008.md index 53b73263fd..28bf30ec6a 100644 --- a/psa/135/008.md +++ b/psa/135/008.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## signs and wonders ## +# signs and wonders -actions intended to produce a response of repentance or worship of God (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +These two words mean basically the same thing and refer to the miraculous troubles that God had caused in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## into your midst, Egypt ## +# into your midst, Egypt -AT: "among your people, Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +The psalmist speaks as if the people of Egypt were listening to him. AT: "among you people of Egypt" or "among the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## against Pharaoh ## +# against Pharaoh -AT: "to punish Pharaoh" \ No newline at end of file +"to punish Pharaoh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/010.md b/psa/135/010.md index 7e4ae32175..62d940e8df 100644 --- a/psa/135/010.md +++ b/psa/135/010.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## He attacked many nations and killed mighty kings ## +# Sihon ... Og -AT: "He conquered many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## Sihon ... Og ## - -names of men (See: :en:ta:workbench:translate:translatenames) \ No newline at end of file +These are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/012.md b/psa/135/012.md index 5f4365ce2b..8c064e0285 100644 --- a/psa/135/012.md +++ b/psa/135/012.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## he gave their land as a heritage ## +# He gave us their land as an inheritance -AT: "for Israel to pass on to following generations" +God's gift of the land to the Israelites is spoken of as if it were inheritance from father to son. AT: "He gave us their land to have forever" or "He gave us their land to be ours forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Your name ## +# Your name -"your fame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## Your name, Yahweh, endures forever, your renown, Yahweh, endures throughout all generations ## - -(See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +His name here represents his fame or reputation. AT: "Your fame" or "Your reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/015.md b/psa/135/015.md index 3606b3a2c5..fec0ca2e2c 100644 --- a/psa/135/015.md +++ b/psa/135/015.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## The nations' idols are silver and gold, the work of men’s hands ## +# Those who make them are like them -The people who do not obey God make statues to worship out of gold or silver. +Being ignorant and powerless is spoken of as being like idols, which cannot speak, see, hear, or breathe. AT: "Those who make them are stupid and powerless like their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## those idols have mouths, but they do not speak ## +# as is everyone who trusts in them -while the physical representation of their idols have a mouth, the figure is unable to use that mouth because the false god they represent do not have any power - -## are like them ## - -AT: "are completely useless" or "are completely powerless" (see:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +"and so are those who trust in the idols" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/019.md b/psa/135/019.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..51ed6843ed --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/135/019.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# he who lives in Jerusalem + +God is spoken of as if he lived in Jerusalem because the temple where the Israelites worshiped him was there. AT: "he whose temple is in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/135/intro.md b/psa/135/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fd4e6eae2b --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/135/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 135 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 135 is a worship psalm focusing on worshiping God because his greatness. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Praise ##### +The people, priests and their helpers should praise God because he is so great. He defeated the Egyptians and led his people to the promise land. Idols have no power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 135:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../134/intro.md) | [>>](../136/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/001.md b/psa/136/001.md index d44163e40e..569462a634 100644 --- a/psa/136/001.md +++ b/psa/136/001.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Oh ## +# General Information: -see how you translated this in [Psalms 5:7](../005/007.md) +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the God of gods ## +# Oh + +This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the God of gods the God who is greater than the gods that other people worship (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/004.md b/psa/136/004.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7a25a489f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/136/004.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# by wisdom + +That is, because he is wise. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/006.md b/psa/136/006.md index 57c7990340..e77b774fa2 100644 --- a/psa/136/006.md +++ b/psa/136/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## spread out the earth above the waters ## +# spread out the earth above the waters -AT: "placed the earth over the waters" +The ancient Israelites thought that the earth's dry land was on top of the sea. AT: "placed the earth over the waters" -## great lights ## +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever -AT: "the sun and the moon and the stars" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# great lights + +This is a reference to the sources of light for the earth, especially the sun and the moon. AT: "the sun and the moon and the stars" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/008.md b/psa/136/008.md index b7ca119d16..d9da173b5d 100644 --- a/psa/136/008.md +++ b/psa/136/008.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## to rule by ## +# to rule by day ... to rule by night -AT: "to shine through the" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The sun, moon, and stars are spoken of as if they were kings. AT: "to mark the time of day ... to mark the time of night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/010.md b/psa/136/010.md index 6a523998f6..19f250693d 100644 --- a/psa/136/010.md +++ b/psa/136/010.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## from among them ## +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever -AT: "from among the people of Egypt" +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## with a strong hand and a raised arm ## +# from among them -AT: "with great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"from among the people of Egypt" + +# with a strong hand and a raised arm + +Here "hand" and "arm" represent power. AT: "with great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/013.md b/psa/136/013.md index f0a1dfcc08..317e772000 100644 --- a/psa/136/013.md +++ b/psa/136/013.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## overthrew Pharaoh ## +# the Sea of Reeds -AT: "defeated Pharaoh" or "defeated the king of Egypt" +The soldiers of Pharaoh drowned in the Sea of Reeds. -## in the Red Sea ## +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever -The army of Pharaoh was defeated when it drowned in the Red Sea. \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# overthrew Pharaoh + +Here defeat is spoken of as if it were tipping someone over. AT: "defeated Pharaoh" or "defeated the king of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Pharaoh + +That is, the army of Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/016.md b/psa/136/016.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..235ecc1cec --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/136/016.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/018.md b/psa/136/018.md index 845c149b03..2c2a9a827f 100644 --- a/psa/136/018.md +++ b/psa/136/018.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## Sihon...Og ## +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever -see how you translated this in [Psalms 135:10](../135/010.md) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Sihon ... Og + +These kings were just two of the many kings that God enabled the Israelites to defeat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/021.md b/psa/136/021.md index 882a244519..f31d6b3364 100644 --- a/psa/136/021.md +++ b/psa/136/021.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## called us to mind ## +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever -see how you translated this in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md) +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## helped us in our humiliation ## +# called us to mind -AT: "cared when we were shamed." \ No newline at end of file +"thought about us" + +# helped us in our humiliation + +The condition of feeling shame is spoken of as if it were a place that the Israelites had been in. This is a reference to the many times when the Israelites' enemies had defeated them in battle and shamed them. AT: "cared when we were shamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/024.md b/psa/136/024.md index 2db4e80a63..7724389094 100644 --- a/psa/136/024.md +++ b/psa/136/024.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## has given us victory over ## +# has given us victory over our enemies -AT: "has made us able to defeat" \ No newline at end of file +Causing people to be victorious and defeat their enemies is spoken of as giving them victory, as if victory were an object that can be given. AT: "has made us victorious over our enemies" or "has made us able to defeat our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for his covenant faithfulness endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](./001.md). AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the God of heaven + +"the God who lives in heaven" or "the God whom the heavenly beings worship" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/136/intro.md b/psa/136/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2916e53b4c --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/136/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 136 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 136 is a worship psalm. It was written to be sung by two parts of the choir. One part would sing the first part of each of the lines and then the other part of the choir would sing the repeated refrain. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Israel blessed ##### +God has blessed Israel throughout its history and taken care of the needy people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 136:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../135/intro.md) | [>>](../137/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/137/001.md b/psa/137/001.md index 3cfb2ac801..3b3c291aa0 100644 --- a/psa/137/001.md +++ b/psa/137/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## by the rivers ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "Next to one of the rivers near Babylon" +# By the rivers of Babylon -## we sat ... we thought ... we hung ## +"Next to one of the rivers near Babylon" + +# we sat ... wept ... we thought ... we hung The writer does not include the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## On the poplars there ## +# On the poplars there -"Poplars" do not grow in "Zion." "On the trees in Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Poplar trees do not grow in Israel. "Poplars" may here stand for all the trees in Babylon. AT: "On the trees in Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/137/003.md b/psa/137/003.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d552d554c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/137/003.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# our captors required songs from us + +"our captors required us to sing" + +# required us to be happy + +"made us pretend to be happy" + +# one of the songs of Zion + +This probably refers to songs that the Israelites had used in worship at the temple in Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/137/005.md b/psa/137/005.md index 51f0168ce0..08346c883c 100644 --- a/psa/137/005.md +++ b/psa/137/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## If I ignore the memory of you, Jerusalem ## +# If I ignore the memory of you, Jerusalem -The writer speaks as if Jerusalem is listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +The writer speaks as if Jerusalem is listening to him. AT: "If I act as if I did not remember you, Jerusalem" or "If I try to forget you, Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## right hand ## +# right hand the hand most people use most often \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/137/007.md b/psa/137/007.md index 43a66db782..4c61a3d184 100644 --- a/psa/137/007.md +++ b/psa/137/007.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## call to mind ## +# Call to mind -See how you translated this in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md). +"Remember" or "Think about" -## the day Jerusalem fell ## +# Call to mind, Yahweh, what the Edomites did -AT: "the day the Babylonian army entered Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file +Here remembering what the Edomites did represents punishing them for what they did. AT: "Punish the Edomites, Yahweh, for what they did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the day Jerusalem fell + +Jerusalem being captured by an enemy army is spoken of as if it had fallen. Who captured Jerusalem can be stated clearly. AT: "the day Jerusalem was captured" or "the day the Babylonian army entered Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/137/008.md b/psa/137/008.md index a9508bf6b6..ab86178afb 100644 --- a/psa/137/008.md +++ b/psa/137/008.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## May the person be blessed, whoever pays you back ## +# General Information: -AT: "may God bless the one who pays you back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The psalmist addresses the people of Babylon as if they were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## pays you back for what you have done to us ## +# Daughter of Babylon -"does to you what you did to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This represents the city of Babylon and its people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## May the person be blessed ## +# may the person be blessed -AT: "God will certainly bless him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "may God bless the person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## dashes your little ones against the rock ## +# pays you back for what you have done to us + +The writer speaks of someone doing to others what they have done as if were payment. AT: "does to you what you did to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dashes your little ones against a rock "smashes your babies' heads against rocks" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/137/intro.md b/psa/137/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d372da1ae7 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/137/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 137 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 137 is a psalm of mourning and vengeance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/avenge]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Songs of Zion ##### +The captives are told to sing songs of Zion there in Babylon but they felt too unhappy to want to sing. The army from Babylon was cruel when it destroyed Jerusalem and the people of Edom encouraged them to destroy Jerusalem. They prayed that God will be cruel to the people of Edom and Babylon. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 137:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../136/intro.md) | [>>](../138/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/138/001.md b/psa/138/001.md index b617ec2183..1c0d8c933e 100644 --- a/psa/138/001.md +++ b/psa/138/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +# A psalm of David -## my whole heart ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -AT: "completely" +# I will give you thanks with my whole heart -## I will bow down ## +The heart here represents the emotions. Doing something sincerely or completely is spoken of as doing it with all one's heart. AT: "I will sincerely thank you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "I will worship you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +# before the gods -## give thanks to your name ## +Possible meanings are 1) "in spite of the false idols that exist" or 2) "before the heavenly assembly," which means "in the knowledge of the angels in heaven." -AT: "give thanks to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I will bow down + +Bowing down is a symbolic action that represents worship and giving honor. AT: "I will worship you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# give thanks to your name + +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "give thanks to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your word + +"what you have said" or "your commands and promises" + +# your name + +Possible meanings are 1) "yourself" or 2) "your fame." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/138/003.md b/psa/138/003.md index 438dbc725c..d49181dde7 100644 --- a/psa/138/003.md +++ b/psa/138/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## all the kings of the earth ## +# your mouth -AT: "all the leaders of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## your mouth ## - -AT: "that you say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +This expression stands for God himself. AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/138/005.md b/psa/138/005.md index ddea264a0c..5ed8653197 100644 --- a/psa/138/005.md +++ b/psa/138/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## Indeed ## +# Yahweh is high, yet he cares for the lowly -This is used to emphasize what was just said. +Yahweh is above all creation in power, position, and authority. Yet his interest is in those who are humble in spirit, servants to all. This is a simple contrast. -## Yahweh is high, yet he cares for the lowly ## +# the proud he knows from far off -AT: "Yahweh is the great, he cares for those without anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This expression probably means that God is not faithful to those who are proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/138/007.md b/psa/138/007.md index 1ecde0c61b..8be71c10c7 100644 --- a/psa/138/007.md +++ b/psa/138/007.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## middle of danger ## +# walk -AT: "surrounded by danger" +live, exist -## you will reach out with your hand ## +# in the middle of danger -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Being in danger is spoken of as being in a physical place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## anger of my enemies ## +# you will reach out with your hand against the anger of my enemies -AT: "my enemies, who are angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +God is spoken of as if he will strike the enemies with his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## your hands made ## +# anger of my enemies -AT: "you created" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "anger" can be stated as "angry." AT: "my enemies, who are angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, endures forever + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "you, Yahweh, remain faithful to your covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the ones whom your hands have made + +This expression probably refers to the nation of Israel. + +# your hands have made + +God is spoken of as if he had physically used hands to create. AT: "you have created" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/138/intro.md b/psa/138/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..22f503503d --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/138/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 138 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Answered prayers ##### +God answers prayers and he protects the psalmist from his enemies. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 138:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../137/intro.md) | [>>](../139/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/001.md b/psa/139/001.md index 98a53d611c..4e3a6f05f5 100644 --- a/psa/139/001.md +++ b/psa/139/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## examined ## +# examined -AT: "searched" or "tested" +"tested" -## know when I sit down and when I get up ## +# when I sit down and when I get up -AT: "know everything about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist uses these two actions to represent everything he does. AT: "everything I do" or "everything about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/003.md b/psa/139/003.md index dc3a9c336a..985bda6c09 100644 --- a/psa/139/003.md +++ b/psa/139/003.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## observe my path ## +# my path and my lying down -AT: "know my every thing I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "path" stands for one's behavior. "My path and my lying down" together represent everything about the psalmist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## and when I lie down ## +# before there is a word on my tongue -AT: "and all my actions" +Here "word on the tongue" represents speech. AT: "before I say anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## there is not a word I speak that you do not know completely ## +# Behind me and before me you surround me -AT: "you know everything that I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +This expression refers to God's presence everywhere. -## rest you hand upon me ## +# place your hand upon me -AT: "you protect and comfort me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This expression refers to guidance and help. AT: "you guide and help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## too much for me ## +# too much for me -AT: "too much for me to understand" +"too much for me to understand" -## it is too high ## +# it is too high, and I cannot reach it -AT: "it is difficult to understand" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Being high and out of reach is an expression, in this case, about some knowledge that human beings cannot have. AT: "it is too difficult to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/007.md b/psa/139/007.md index ff96bb26e5..2a9c5b2533 100644 --- a/psa/139/007.md +++ b/psa/139/007.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Where can I go to escape from your Spirit? ## +# Where can I go from your Spirit? ... Where can I flee from your presence? -AT: "I cannot escape from your Spirit." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These two questions are in parallel. The psalmist says that he cannot go away from God's presence. AT: "I cannot escape from your Spirit." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## Where can I flee from your presence? ## +# if I make my bed in Sheol -AT: "I cannot flee from your presence." - -## if I make my bed in sheol, ## - -AT "Even if I stay among the dead people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Making one's bed" refers to staying somewhere. AT: "even if I stay in Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/009.md b/psa/139/009.md index 511e06cdae..8095ee270c 100644 --- a/psa/139/009.md +++ b/psa/139/009.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## If I fly away on the wings of the morning and go to live in the uttermost parts across the sea ## +# If I fly away on the wings of the morning and go to live in the uttermost parts across the sea -The author is explaining that wherever he is, God is there too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +The author uses exaggeration to explain that wherever he is, God is there too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## If I fly away on the wings of the morning ## +# If I fly away on the wings of the morning -AT: "If the sun could carry me with itself across the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +In the ancient near east, the sun was often imagined as if it had wings which enabled it to fly across the sky. AT: "If the sun could carry me with itself across the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the uttermost parts across the sea ## +# in the uttermost parts across the sea -AT: "very far away to the west" +"very far away to the west" -## will hold onto me ## +# will hold on to me -AT: "will guide me" \ No newline at end of file +"will help me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/011.md b/psa/139/011.md index 5cfb03c91d..86b5b371ef 100644 --- a/psa/139/011.md +++ b/psa/139/011.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## If I say, "Surely the darkness will hide me, and the night will be my light" ## +# If I said, "Surely the darkness will cover me -AT: The darkness could not hide me, and neither could the night" +The psalmist speaks of the night as if it were a blanket that could conceal him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The night shines like the day ## +# The night would shine like the day -AT: "The day and night are the same to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -## for the darkness and the light are both alike ## - -AT: "because God's knowledge does depend on circumstances" \ No newline at end of file +The night, which is dark, is spoken of as if it were bright with light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/013.md b/psa/139/013.md index 5763b5a3d5..7135264d9f 100644 --- a/psa/139/013.md +++ b/psa/139/013.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## formed me ## +# You formed my inner parts -AT: "made me" or "created me" +"Inner parts" refers to the interior organs of a person, but here the expression probably stands for the entire body. AT: "You made my entire body (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## You formed my inner being; you formed me in my mother’s womb. ## +# My soul knows this very well -AT: "You made all of me before I was born. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## awesome and wonderful ## - -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "soul" probably refers to the psalmist's innermost ability to be certain about God's love and guidance. The translator may, however, treat "soul" here as metonymy for the psalmist's mind and heart. AT: "I know this with all my heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/015.md b/psa/139/015.md index fee05ec5f4..d8f37ce13f 100644 --- a/psa/139/015.md +++ b/psa/139/015.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## intricately made ## +# intricately made -AT: "made with great complexity" +"made with great complexity" -## the depths of the earth ## +# the depths of the earth -likely a reference to the mother's womb (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is probably a way of speaking about a mother's womb (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## all the days ordained for me were recorded in your book before the first one happened ## +# all the days assigned to me were recorded in your book even before the first one happened -AT: "the number of days of my life were known before I was born." \ No newline at end of file +This expression implies that ancient Israelites imagined that God wrote down his plans in a book. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/017.md b/psa/139/017.md index 659d848a66..7d3918b10c 100644 --- a/psa/139/017.md +++ b/psa/139/017.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## precious ## +# precious -AT: "important" or "valued" +"important" or "valued" -## How vast is their sum! ## +# How vast is their sum! -AT: "Your thoughts are great in number!" +"Your thoughts are so many." -## they would be more in number than the sand ## +# they would be more in number than the sand -they are uncountable (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This hyperbole means that the writer would be unable to count God's thoughts. AT: "there would be more than I could count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/019.md b/psa/139/019.md index 6c04d9f7a6..5512b302a2 100644 --- a/psa/139/019.md +++ b/psa/139/019.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## they rebel against you ## +# get away from me, you violent men -AT: "they rebel against your authority, God" +The psalmist is only pretending to speak directly to the violent men whom he has in mind. Translators may decide to express this command as a wish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## your enemies lie ## +# They rebel against you -AT: "your enemies lie about you" \ No newline at end of file +"They rebel against your authority, God" + +# your enemies tell lies + +"your enemies lie about you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/021.md b/psa/139/021.md index 435c909ba0..2b833dc576 100644 --- a/psa/139/021.md +++ b/psa/139/021.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## Do I not hate those, Yahweh, who hate you? ## +# Do I not hate those, Yahweh, who hate you? Do I not despise those who rise up against you? -AT: "I hate those who hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Both of these questions actually make statements. AT: "Yahweh, I hate those who hate you! I despise those who rise up against you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do I not hate those, Yahweh, who hate you? Do I not despise those who rise up against you? ## +# rise up against -These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## raise up ## - -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/raise]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +rebel against \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/023.md b/psa/139/023.md index 2f92dfa925..f71fc600e7 100644 --- a/psa/139/023.md +++ b/psa/139/023.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Examine me ## +# Examine me -This is a request. AT: "Please search me" or "I beg you to search me" +This is a request for God to tell the psalmist about any sinful thoughts that he may have. AT: "Please search me" or "I beg you to search me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Examine me, God, and know my heart; test me and know my thoughts. ## +# Examine me, God, and know my heart; test me and know my thoughts These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## the way everlasting ## +# any wicked way -AT: "God's way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "way" stands for behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the everlasting way + +Here "way" refers to trust and obedience in God. Anyone who "walks" this way will have everlasting life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/139/intro.md b/psa/139/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..01289e8e40 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/139/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 139 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 139 is a psalm of praise. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's care ##### +God created the psalmist in his mother's womb and has taken care of him all of his life. No matter where he goes, God is always with him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 139:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../138/intro.md) | [>>](../140/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/140/001.md b/psa/140/001.md index f848281a34..fec88598e9 100644 --- a/psa/140/001.md +++ b/psa/140/001.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## For the chief musician ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# For the chief musician This is for the director of music to use in worship." -## A psalm of David ## +# A psalm of David -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -## rescue me ## +# they cause battles -AT: "Please save me" or "I beg you to save me" +Here "battles" probably refers to conflict of any kind, including quarrels. -## preserve me ## +# Their tongues wound like serpents -AT: "Please keep me safe" or "I beg you to keep me safe" - -## vipers' poison ## - -poison with which snakes kill animals by biting them \ No newline at end of file +People who cause conflict by what they say are spoken of as if they had tongues of serpents. Of course, snakes do not do damage with their tongues, but with their bites and especially with poison. Neither can a person make his tongue sharp. Instead, here the idea of a sharp tongue stands for speaking in a way to cause trouble. And the idea the snakes have sharp tongues stands for the fact that many of them have poison. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/140/004.md b/psa/140/004.md index e2c1cdaa6b..61067bf1ee 100644 --- a/psa/140/004.md +++ b/psa/140/004.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## set a trap ... spread a net ... set a snare ## +# the hands of the wicked -The exact kinds of traps are less important than the idea that the "wicked ... violent men" are planning to trap the writer. If your readers do not know much about trapping, you may need to reduce this down to one line, as the UDB reduces two lines of ULB to one in [Psalms 140:1](./001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +That is, the power of the wicked (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## trap ## +# set a trap ... spread a net ... set a snare -This is a trap designed to catch birds. - -## net ## - -trap made of ropes - -## snare ## - -trap that attracts the victim \ No newline at end of file +The exact kinds of traps are less important than the idea that the "wicked ... violent men" are planning to make trouble for the psalmist. If your readers do not know much about trapping, you may need to reduce this down to one line, as the UDB reduces two lines of ULB to one in [Psalms 140:3](./001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/140/006.md b/psa/140/006.md index be9cd6470f..99416bc651 100644 --- a/psa/140/006.md +++ b/psa/140/006.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## listen to my cries ## +# listen to my cries -See how you translated this in [Psalms 5:1](../005/001.md) +This is a call for help. AT: "listen to me as I call to you now for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you shield my head in the day of battle ## +# you shield my head in the day of battle -AT: "you protect me when I go to war" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +A person's head is in great danger during battle. Protecting the person's head represents protecting the whole person. AT: "you protect me when I go to war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## do not grant the desires of the wicked ## +# battle -"please do not allow wicked people to have what they desire" \ No newline at end of file +Here "battle" probably stands for any kind of severe trouble (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# do not grant the desires of the wicked + +"please do not allow the wicked to have what they desire" + +# the wicked + +The adjective "wicked" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/140/009.md b/psa/140/009.md index 3e6b3ba67b..9636aa583f 100644 --- a/psa/140/009.md +++ b/psa/140/009.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## raise their head ## +# raise their heads -AT: "are proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a sign of being arrogant. AT: "are arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## secure ## +# let the mischief of their own lips cover them -"safe" or "free from worry" +This is a prayer that God would make the evildoers suffer from the trouble that they caused by the things they said. -## may evil hunt down ## +# the mischief of their own lips -AT: "I would like evil people to never stop hunting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The trouble that they themselves caused by what they said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cover them + +That is, stop them from causing any more trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let burning coals fall on them; throw them into the fire + +Images of fire stand for severe punishment for the wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bottomless pits + +This is probably a reference to Sheol, the world of the dead. + +# men of tongues + +those who speak evil of others without cause (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# secure on the earth + +"safe in this life" + +# may evil hunt down the violent man + +Here evil is spoken of as if it were someone taking revenge on another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/140/012.md b/psa/140/012.md index 9bd50373b7..767bef04d5 100644 --- a/psa/140/012.md +++ b/psa/140/012.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## exercise justice for the needy ## +# he will give justice to the needy -AT: "make sure that people treat the needy justly" +The abstract noun "justice" can be stated as "just." AT: "He will act in a just manner to help the needy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## upright people ## +# to your name -"people who do what pleases God" \ No newline at end of file +This represents Yahweh. AT: "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/140/intro.md b/psa/140/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0f2c5819b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/140/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 140 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 140 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's protection ##### +He prayed that God would save him from his enemies who are lying about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 140:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../139/intro.md) | [>>](../141/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/141/001.md b/psa/141/001.md index fd560daeec..67ae276987 100644 --- a/psa/141/001.md +++ b/psa/141/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,35 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +# A psalm of David -## Listen to me when I call ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:1](../003/001.md). -AT: "Please hear me when I call" or "I beg you to hear me when I call" +# crying out -## crying out ## +"asking you for help" -See how you translated this in [Psalms 22:1](../022/001.md) +# come quickly to me -## lifted hands ## +The psalmist speaks as if Yahweh were a person who needed to come from another place to help him. What the psalmist wanted Yahweh to do can be stated clearly. AT: "come quickly to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -See how you translated this in [Psalms 134:1](../134/001.md) \ No newline at end of file +# Listen to me when I call + +"Please hear me when I call" or "I beg you to hear me when I call" + +# May my prayer be like incense + +The psalmist asks Yahweh to accept and be pleased with his prayer the way he would accept and be pleased with incense. AT: "May the my prayer please you the way the sweet smell of incense pleases people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# my prayer + +The psalmist wants Yahweh to be pleased with him because he is praying and because of the words of his prayer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my lifted hands + +"the hands that I have lifted up." Lifted hands are a metonym for prayer. People lifted their hands when they prayed or praised Yahweh. See how you translated "lift up your hands" in [Psalms 134:2](../134/001.md). + +# be like the evening sacrifice + +The means to be like the animal that was burned on the altar in the evening. The psalmist speaks as if he wants Yahweh to be as pleased with him as he is with those who bring animals to sacrifice. He wants Yahweh to be pleased because the psalmist is praying or because of the words of his prayer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/141/003.md b/psa/141/003.md index 637ae356cc..2cc3bc990e 100644 --- a/psa/141/003.md +++ b/psa/141/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## place a guard over my mouth ## +# place a guard over my mouth -"please help me not to say thing that are evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The psalmist speaks as if evil words were prisoners trying to escape from his mouth. AT: "please help me not to say things that are evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## place a guard ## +# place a guard over "tell someone to guard" -## guard the door of my lips ## +# guard the door of my lips -"please help me not to say things when I should not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The psalmist speaks as if evil words were prisoners trying to escape from his mouth. AT: "please help me not to say things when I should not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## delicacies ## +# participate in sinful activities + +"do sinful deeds" + +# delicacies "special foods" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/141/005.md b/psa/141/005.md index 5fcfe8c8ac..8d79d4300b 100644 --- a/psa/141/005.md +++ b/psa/141/005.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## hit me ## +# hit me -AT: "rebuke me" or "correct me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The psalmist speaks as if giving a rebuke were physically hitting someone. AT: "rebuke me" or "hit me so I will listen when he corrects me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## may my head not refuse to accept it ## +# it will be a kindness to me -AT: "may I accept it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) +The abstract noun "kindness" can be translated with an adverb. AT: "he will be acting kindly to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Their leaders will be thrown down ## +# it will be like oil on my head -Possible meanings are 1) "Someone will throw their leaders down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and UDB) or 2) "Their leaders will throw them down." +Possible meanings are that the psalmist speaks as if a person correcting him were putting oil on his head 1) to honor him. AT: "when he corrects me, I will know that the one who corrects me is doing a good deed to me" or 2) to make his head feel better. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## cliffs ## +# may my head not refuse to accept it + +The head is a synecdoche for the person. The litotes can be translated as a positive statement. AT: "may I accept it gladly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# my prayer is always against their wicked deeds + +The words "wicked deeds" are a metonym for the people who do the wicked deeds. AT: "I always pray that Yahweh will stop wicked people from doing evil deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Their leaders will be thrown down + +Possible meanings are 1) "Someone will throw their leaders down" or 2) "Their leaders will throw them down." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# cliffs ground that goes straight down a long way -## our bones have been scattered ## +# our bones have been scattered -Possible meanings are 1) "people have thrown our bones around in different directions" or 2) as a result of the fall from the cliffs (141:6) "our bodies are broken and our bones lie in disorder" \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "people have thrown our bones around in different directions" or 2) as a result of the fall from the cliffs (141:6) "our bodies are broken and our bones lie in disorder." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/141/008.md b/psa/141/008.md index 6c38d5b9cf..9eb02bbaa3 100644 --- a/psa/141/008.md +++ b/psa/141/008.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## my eyes are on you ## +# my eyes are on you -"I look to you" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "I am looking to see what you will do" or "I expect you to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## take refuge ## +# in you I take refuge -AT: "find protection" or "find shelter" \ No newline at end of file +"I am asking you to protect me" See how "take refuge" is translated in [Psalms 118:9](../118/008.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my soul + +The soul is a metonym for the whole person. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# the snares that they have laid for me + +The psalmist speaks of deceiving a good man so the good man will sin or so that the evil people can defeat him as if it were laying a trap for an animal. The word "snares" is a metonym for the people themselves. AT: "people who are looking for ways to harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# snares ... traps + +Bible experts disagree on the exact meanings of these words. It would be best either to translate one of them with the word for a net or cage that contains the prey and the other as a rope or vine that catches the prey by the leg or neck or to translate both with the general word for "traps." See how these words are translated in [Psalms 140:5](../140/004.md). + +# from the traps of evildoers + +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "and protect me from the traps that those who do evil have set" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# Let the wicked fall into their own nets + +The psalmist speaks of evil people deceiving good people as if hunters were trapping animals. AT: "Let the wicked fall into the net traps they have made to trap other people" or "Let the bad things the wicked planned for the righteous happen to the wicked instead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/141/intro.md b/psa/141/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a24ddffd43 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/141/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 141 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 141 is a psalm of deliverance from his enemies and from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's correction ##### +The author prayed that God would keep him from sinning. He is glad to be corrected by good people. He asked God to show that he is right by destroying the evil leaders of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 141:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../140/intro.md) | [>>](../142/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/142/001.md b/psa/142/001.md index f88e2e5283..fdd0b19721 100644 --- a/psa/142/001.md +++ b/psa/142/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A maschil ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). +# A maschil -## cave ## +This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). + +# cave open place under the earth large enough for people to walk around in -## with my voice ## +# I cry out for help to Yahweh ... I plead for Yahweh's favor -"using my voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +If these two lines are so much the same that the reader will get the wrong meaning, you can translate them as one line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## tell him my troubles ## +# with my voice -AT: "pray about my troubles" or "ask him for help with my troubles" \ No newline at end of file +"using my voice" - + +# pour out my lament before him ... I tell him my troubles + +If these two lines are so much the same that the reader will get the wrong meaning, you can translate them as one line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# pour out my lament before him + +The psalmist speaks of telling Yahweh why he is sad as if he were pouring all of a liquid out of a container. AT: "I tell him all about why I am sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# tell him my troubles + +"tell him about everything that makes me worry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/142/003.md b/psa/142/003.md index 18891bf94b..ba98f00a26 100644 --- a/psa/142/003.md +++ b/psa/142/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## you know my path ## +# my spirit is weak within me -"You know the path I should take" +"I am weak" or "I am extremely discouraged" -## There is no escape for me ## +# you know my path -"I have nowhere to go for refuge" +"you know the path I should take." The psalmist speaks as if what a person does were a path that that person walked along. AT: "you know the way I should live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## called out to you ## +# In the way that I walk they have hidden a trap for me -See how you translated this in [Psalms 5:1](../005/001.md). +The psalmist speaks of people wanting to harm him as if they were trying to trap an animal. AT: "They are making plans so that whatever I do they can harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in the land of the living ## +# my life -AT: "while I am living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a metonym for "me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# called out to you + +This is a call for help. AT: "called to you now for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my portion + +Possible meanings are 1) "all I want" or 2) "all I need" or 3) "all I have." + +# in the land of the living + +This idiom refers to a person being alive, as opposed to a person who is dead and in the place of the dead. AT: "while I am living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/142/006.md b/psa/142/006.md index 65cc9ebf68..4accb9ae70 100644 --- a/psa/142/006.md +++ b/psa/142/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Listen to my call ## +# Listen to my call -See how you translated this in [Psalms 5:1](../005/001.md) +This is a call for help. See how you translated this in [Psalms 5:1](../005/001.md). AT: "Listen to me as I call to you now for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Bring my soul out of prison ## +# I have been brought very low -This is a request. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "I am very needy" and 2) "I am very weak." See how "we are very low" is translated in [Psalms 78:8](../078/007.md). + +# Bring my soul out of prison + +This is a request. The "soul" represents the whole person. AT: "bring me out of prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# give thanks to your name + +The word "name" is a metonym for the person. See how you translated this in [Psalms 5:11](../005/011.md). AT: "give thanks to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/142/intro.md b/psa/142/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e80c061b61 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/142/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 142 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 142 is a psalm of deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +The psalmist is alone, and has many enemies surrounding him. Despite this, Yahweh will help him. Then, good people will join the author. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 142:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../141/intro.md) | [>>](../143/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/143/001.md b/psa/143/001.md index c94969fcfc..bd2defe830 100644 --- a/psa/143/001.md +++ b/psa/143/001.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +# A psalm of David -## answer me ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -AT: "please do what I ask you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# Hear my prayer -## Do not enter into judgment ## +The words "my prayer" are a metonym for the person who is praying. See how these words are translated in [Psalms 39:12](../039/012.md). AT: "Listen to me as I pray to you" or "Be willing to do what I ask you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "Please do not judge" or "I beg you not to judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# Do not enter into judgment -## in your sight no one is righteous ## +To "enter into judgment" is an idiom that means to pronounce judgment. AT: "Please do not judge" or "I beg you not to judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "you do not think anyone is righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# your servant + +The psalmist speaks of himself as if he were speaking of another person. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# in your sight no one is righteous + +Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your judgment no one is righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/143/003.md b/psa/143/003.md index ace9800253..60ee420a74 100644 --- a/psa/143/003.md +++ b/psa/143/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## pursued my soul ## +# pursued my soul -AT: "chased me to try to catch me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "soul" represents the person. AT: "pursued me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## my heart despairs ## +# has pushed me down to the ground -AT: "I no longer have any hope" \ No newline at end of file +"has completely defeated me" + +# My spirit is overwhelmed within me + +"I am weak" or "I am extremely discouraged" + +# my heart despairs + +"I no longer have any hope" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/143/005.md b/psa/143/005.md index 3dc94f63c1..ceed28c9b0 100644 --- a/psa/143/005.md +++ b/psa/143/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## call to mind ## +# call to mind -See how you translated this in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md) +"think about" -## spread my hands out to you in prayer ## +# your accomplishments -"pray to you with my hands lifted up at my sides" \ No newline at end of file +"all that you have accomplished" or "all the great things you have done" + +# spread my hands out to you in prayer + +"pray to you with my hands lifted up at my sides" + +# my soul thirsts for you in a parched land + +The psalmist speaks of wanting to be with God as if he were in a parched land and he also was about to die of thirst. AT: "I want to be with you the way a person in a parched land who is very thirsty wants water." + +# my soul thirsts for you + +The psalmist desires to know Yahweh. The intensity of his desire to know Yahweh is like one who is very thirsty. AT: "I long for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my soul + +The soul is a metonym for the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# parched land + +A land where everything has died because there is no water. + +# Selah + +This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in [Psalms 3:2](../003/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/143/007.md b/psa/143/007.md index bdaa81fc87..61944517a3 100644 --- a/psa/143/007.md +++ b/psa/143/007.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## my spirit faints ## +# my spirit faints -"I am weak" or "I am not confident" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the "spirit" refers to the whole person. AT: "I am weak" or "I am very discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Do not hide your face from me ## +# Do not hide your face from me -This is a request. AT: "I beg you not to hide from me" or "Please, do not hide from me" +This is a request. "I beg you not to hide from me" or "Please, do not hide from me" -## Show me ## +# Do not hide your face from me -AT: "Reveal to me" or "explain to me" +The psalmist speaks of Yahweh refusing to do what the psalmist asks as if Yahweh were refusing to even look at the psalmist. This litotes can be stated as a positive. AT: "Do not refuse to listen to me" or "Please listen to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## for I lift up my soul ## +# I will become like those who go down into the pit -AT: "I pray to you" or "I ask of you" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "pit" refers to the place of the dead. This phrase is a euphemism for death. AT: "I will become just another dead person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# Let me hear your covenant faithfulness + +"Cause me to hear of your covenant faithfulness" or "Tell me of your covenant faithfulness." The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Let me hear of how you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in the morning + +Possible meanings are 1) "in the morning," at the time many people thought was the best time to pray, or 2) "morning by morning," every day. + +# Show me + +"Tell me" + +# the way where I should walk + +The psalmist speaks of the way people live as if it were a path on which they walk. AT: "how you want me to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for I lift up my soul to you + +Possible meanings are 1) "I pray to you" or 2) "I believe that you will guide and protect me." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/143/009.md b/psa/143/009.md index 5b912ce54f..c9f5699635 100644 --- a/psa/143/009.md +++ b/psa/143/009.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## lead me in the land of uprightness ## +# I flee to you to hide -AT: "help me to live righteously" or "help me to live righteously in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "I flee to you so I can hide" and 2) "I flee to you so you will hide and protect me." + +# to do your will + +"to do what you want me to do" + +# lead me in the land of uprightness + +Possible meanings are 1) "help me to live righteously" or 2) "may my life be free of trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the land of uprightness + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor for righteous living or 2) "a level land," a metaphor for life free of trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/143/011.md b/psa/143/011.md index 8d5439c213..60000c1939 100644 --- a/psa/143/011.md +++ b/psa/143/011.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## the enemies of my life ## +# for your name's sake -AT: "the enemies who want to take my life" \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh's name represents his reputation and character. AT: "because of who you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the enemies of my life + +"the enemies who want to take my life" + +# In your covenant faithfulness cut off my enemies + +"Show your covenant faithfulness by cutting off my enemies." The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Because you are faithful to your covenant, cut off my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the enemies of my life + +"the enemies of my soul." My "life" may be understood as representing the speaker. AT: "my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/143/intro.md b/psa/143/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aa9793e3c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/143/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 143 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 143 is a deliverance psalm. The author prays for deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/deliverer]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's help ##### +The author prayed for help from Yahweh against his enemies because he is God's servant. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 143:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../142/intro.md) | [>>](../144/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/144/001.md b/psa/144/001.md index 05c5087bc2..85ff65b969 100644 --- a/psa/144/001.md +++ b/psa/144/001.md @@ -1,13 +1,39 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -"This is a psalm that David wrote." +# A psalm of David -## my rock ## +Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. -AT: "my safe place" or "my strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# my rock -## my covenant faithfulness ## +Possible meanings are 1) "the one who keeps me safe" or 2) "the one who gives me strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"my faithful friend" \ No newline at end of file +# who trains my hands for war and my fingers for battle + +The words "hands" and "fingers" are synecdoches for "me." If "war" and "battle" are the same word in your language, you can translate this as one line. AT: "who trains me for war and trains me for battle" or "who trains me for war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# my covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with anadverb. Possible meanings are 1) "the one who faithfully loves me" or 2) "the one who faithfully protects me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# my fortress ... take refuge + +The psalmist uses many metaphors to emphasize that Yahweh will protect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my high tower + +David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a fortress that protects him from attack. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# my shield + +David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a shield that protects a soldier. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. See how this is translated in [Psalms 18:2](../018/002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the one in whom I take refuge + +Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "the one to whom I go so he will protect me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the one who subdues nations under me + +"the one who enables me to defeat other nations" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/144/003.md b/psa/144/003.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ee4ad4c594 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/144/003.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Yahweh, what is man that you take notice of him or the son of man that you think about him? + +These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "Man is so small compared to everything else you have made that I am surprised that you take notice of man and that you think about the son of man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# man ... son of man + +two words for human beings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# like a breath ... like a passing shadow + +The writer compares humans to these thing to emphasize how short their lives are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/144/005.md b/psa/144/005.md index d42bba4fdb..9beb4973c0 100644 --- a/psa/144/005.md +++ b/psa/144/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Cause ... to sink ... come down ... touch ... make ... smoke .. Send ... scatter ... shoot ... send ## +# Cause ... come down ... touch ... make ... Send ... scatter ... shoot ... drive -These are requests, not commands. +These should probably be translated as requests, not commands, since the psalmist considers God greater than him. -## Cause the sky to sink ## +# Cause the sky to sink -Possible meanings are 1) tear the sky open (see UDB), or 2) bend the heavens like a tree branch bends when someone walks on it or as one bends a bow before shooting arrows. +Possible meanings are 1) tear the sky open or 2) bend the heavens like a tree branch bends when someone walks on it or as one bends a bow before shooting arrows. -## in confusion ## +# in confusion "so they do not know what to think or what to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/144/007.md b/psa/144/007.md index a43c8a6e8c..e3f5f895d5 100644 --- a/psa/144/007.md +++ b/psa/144/007.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Reach out your hand ## +# Reach out your hand from above; rescue me out of many waters -See how you translated this in [Psalms 138:7](../138/007.md) +David speaks as if God were on land above a flood and had physical hands with which he could pull David out of a flood. The flood is a metaphor for the troubles caused by the "foreigners." AT: "You who are able to act, help me overcome my troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## from above ## +# from the hand of foreigners -AT: "from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "from the power of foreigners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Their mouths speak lies ## +# Their mouths speak lies -AT: "They speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "mouths" represent the people who speak. AT: "They speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## right hand is falsehood ## +# their right hand is falsehood -Witnesses in courts would raise their right hands to heaven to show they were telling the truth. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, "they lie even when they swear to tell the truth," or 2) the "right hand" is a metaphor for power, "everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/144/009.md b/psa/144/009.md index 1be36515e0..3635131c61 100644 --- a/psa/144/009.md +++ b/psa/144/009.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## from an evil sword ## +# new song -AT: Here evil people are being referred to as an "evil sword". AT: "from evil people trying to harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "a song no one has ever sung before" or 2) "a song I have never sung before." -## Rescue me and free me ## +# you, who give ... kings, who rescued + +"you. It is you who give ... kings. It is you who rescued" + +# David your servant + +David speaks of himself as if he were someone else. "me, David, your servant" + +# from an evil sword + +David speaks of evil people as if they were the swords they use as weapons. AT: "from evil people who were trying to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Rescue me and free me "Please rescue me and free me" -## from the hands of these foreigners …and their right hand is falsehood ## +# from the hand of foreigners -Translate these words as you translated them in [Psalms 144:7](./007.md). \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" refers to power. See how you translated these words in [Psalms 144:7-8](./007.md). AT: "from the power of foreigners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Their mouths speak lies + +The people are represented by their "mouths." See how you translated these words in [Psalms 144:7-8](./007.md). AT: "They speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# their right hand is falsehood + +Possible meanings are 1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, "they lie even when they swear to tell the truth," or 2) the "right hand" is a metaphor for power, "everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies."See how you translated these words [Psalms 144:7-8](./007.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/144/012.md b/psa/144/012.md index 605b396f29..ff7a452680 100644 --- a/psa/144/012.md +++ b/psa/144/012.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## like plants who grow to full size ## +# like plants who grow to full size healthy and strong -## in their youth ## +# in their youth the time when people develop -## thousands and ten thousands in our fields ## +# our daughters like carved corner pillars + +"may our daughters be like carved corner pillars" + +# carved corner pillars + +"beautiful posts that hold up the corners of a large house" + +# pillars, shapely like those of a palace + +"pillars that are carved to make a palace beautiful" + +# thousands and ten thousands in our fields "thousands—even tens of thousands!—and fill up our fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/144/014.md b/psa/144/014.md index 2aad04d5b7..7740a662ad 100644 --- a/psa/144/014.md +++ b/psa/144/014.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## No one will break through our walls ## +# No one will break through our walls -AT: "No one will be able to invade our city" \ No newline at end of file +"No one will be able to invade our city" + +# no outcry + +Here the outcry is associated with a severe problem that causes the person to cry out. AT: "no one crying in pain" or "no one crying for help" or "no one calling out for justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/144/intro.md b/psa/144/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3eb5b16ed1 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/144/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 144 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 144 is a worship psalm. It is the first worship psalm in a series consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Safety ##### +Psalm 144 is a prayer for safety and prosperity for the nation of Israel. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 144:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../143/intro.md) | [>>](../145/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/001.md b/psa/145/001.md index b13c19a02f..4915ab81bb 100644 --- a/psa/145/001.md +++ b/psa/145/001.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +# General Information: -## A psalm of praise. Of David ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# A psalm of praise. Of David "This is a psalm of praise that David wrote." -## extol you ## +# extol you -"tell people how wonderful you are" \ No newline at end of file +"tell people how wonderful you are" + +# bless your name + +The word "name" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. See how "may his glorious name be blessed" is translated in [Psalms 72:19](../072/018.md). AT: "bless you" or "do what makes you happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# praise your name + +The word "name" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. AT: "praise you" or "tell people how great you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/004.md b/psa/145/004.md index 6eff631930..246bad9cce 100644 --- a/psa/145/004.md +++ b/psa/145/004.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## your mighty actions ## +# your mighty actions -AT: "the things you can do because you are strong" \ No newline at end of file +"the things you can do because you are strong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/006.md b/psa/145/006.md index 449f23dbb1..2ae420aab3 100644 --- a/psa/145/006.md +++ b/psa/145/006.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## declare your abounding goodness ## +# declare your abounding goodness -AT: "tell others how very good you are" \ No newline at end of file +"tell others how very good you are" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/008.md b/psa/145/008.md index 451ca81dc1..cbf7a41ff2 100644 --- a/psa/145/008.md +++ b/psa/145/008.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## his tender mercies are over all his works ## +# abounding in covenant faithfulness -AT: "people see his mercy in everything he has made" \ No newline at end of file +The psalmist speaks of covenant faithfulness as if it were a physical object of which one could possess a large amount. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "completely faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# his tender mercies are over all his works + +"people can see him showing mercy in everything he does" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/010.md b/psa/145/010.md index 4db8ddad5c..2e3e981476 100644 --- a/psa/145/010.md +++ b/psa/145/010.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## all you have made will give thanks ## +# All you have made will give thanks -AT: "all the people you have made will give thanks" \ No newline at end of file +"All the people you have made will give thanks" or "It will be as if everything you have made will give you thanks" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/013.md b/psa/145/013.md index 75ed38a572..9a58190a5c 100644 --- a/psa/145/013.md +++ b/psa/145/013.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -No notes \ No newline at end of file +# endures throughout all generations + +"remains forever" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/014.md b/psa/145/014.md index a75a32c070..0c2d548210 100644 --- a/psa/145/014.md +++ b/psa/145/014.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the eyes of all wait ## +# supports all who are falling ... raises up all those who are bent over -AT: "everyone waits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The psalmist speaks of Yahweh encouraging people as if he were helping people who were physically weak. You may need to translate both lines using only one line. AT "encourages those who are discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## You open your hand ## +# The eyes of all wait -AT: "You provide" +Here the word "eyes" represents those who watch and wait for Yahweh to act. AT: "Everyone watches and waits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## satisfy the desire of every living thing ## +# You open your hand -AT: "you go beyond just meeting the needs of everybody" or "give blessings beyond supplying the basic necessities for all" \ No newline at end of file +"You generously provide" + +# satisfy the desire of every living thing + +"you give everyone more than they need and as much as they want" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/017.md b/psa/145/017.md index 968c2fa929..bf6b16999d 100644 --- a/psa/145/017.md +++ b/psa/145/017.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## is near to all those who call to him ## +# Yahweh is righteous in all his ways -AT: "acts quickly to help those who pray" \ No newline at end of file +"People can see from everything that Yahweh does that he is righteous" + +# gracious in all he does + +"and he is gracious in all he does" or "people can see from everything that Yahweh does that he is gracious" + +# is near to all those who call to him + +Here "is near" means "ready to help." AT: "is always ready to help all those who call to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to all who call to him in trustworthiness + +The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be stated as an action. AT: "to all who tell only the truth when they pray" or "to all whom he trusts when they pray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/020.md b/psa/145/020.md index 48a1d7d8ac..429127676c 100644 --- a/psa/145/020.md +++ b/psa/145/020.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## My mouth will ## +# My mouth will speak -AT: "I will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the words "My mouth" represent the one speaking. AT: "I will speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## forever and ever ## +# will speak out the praise of Yahweh -see how you translated this in [Psalms 21:3](../021/003.md) \ No newline at end of file +"tell everyone how good Yahweh is" + +# let all mankind bless his holy name + +The word "name" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. See how "may his glorious name be blessed" is translated in [Psalms 72:19](../072/018.md). AT: "let all people bless him" or "let all people do what makes him happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/145/intro.md b/psa/145/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d375e9713f --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/145/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Psalm 145 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 145 is a worship psalm. This is the second in a series of worship psalms consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Praise ##### +God is worthy of all praise. This is in part because he does such wonderful things for all who worship him. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 145:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../144/intro.md) | [>>](../146/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/146/001.md b/psa/146/001.md index 336f33804c..b63004e3dc 100644 --- a/psa/146/001.md +++ b/psa/146/001.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# General Information: -## as long as I exist ## +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -AT: "until I die" or "while I live" \ No newline at end of file +# Praise Yahweh, my soul + +Here "soul" represents the writer's inner being. The writer is commanding his inner being to praise Yahweh. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I will praise Yahweh with all my soul" or "I give praise to Yahweh with all my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with all my life + +"until I die" or "while I live" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/146/003.md b/psa/146/003.md index 208cf8776c..6f4fdbff99 100644 --- a/psa/146/003.md +++ b/psa/146/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## in mankind, in whom there is no salvation ## +# in princes -AT: "in any man because they cannot save" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "princes" represents all human leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## When a person's life's breath stops, he returns to the ground ## +# in mankind, in whom there is no salvation -AT: When a person dies, he returns to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as "save." AT: "in any person because they cannot save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# in mankind + +"in humankind" or "in people" + +# When a person's life's breath stops + +This is a polite way to refer to someone dying. AT: When a person dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# he returns to the ground + +This means that just as God made the first human, Adam, from the soil, so will a person's body decay and become soil again when he dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/146/005.md b/psa/146/005.md index fadfb6decd..fc3bac81f5 100644 --- a/psa/146/005.md +++ b/psa/146/005.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## God of Jacob ## +# Yahweh made heaven and earth -See how you translated this in [Psalms 20:1](../020/001.md) +The words "heaven" and "earth" represent everything that exists in the physical universe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## observes trustworthiness ## +# observes trustworthiness -AT: "remains faithful" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "remains trustworthy" or "remains faithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/146/007.md b/psa/146/007.md index 213800c351..8b597f2d62 100644 --- a/psa/146/007.md +++ b/psa/146/007.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## executes justice ## +# He executes justice -"sees that people do what is just" +"He decides matters fairly" -## opens the eyes of the blind ## +# for the oppressed -AT: "causes the blind to see" \ No newline at end of file +This nominal adjective can be stated as adjectives. AT: "for oppressed people" or "for those whom other people oppress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# to the hungry + +This nominal adjective can be stated as adjectives. AT: "to hungry people" or "to those who are hungry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# opens the eyes of the blind + +Causing a blind person to see is spoken of as if Yahweh were opening the person's eyes. AT: "causes the blind to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the blind + +This nominal adjective can be stated as adjectives. AT: "blind people" or "those who are blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# Yahweh raises up those who are bowed down + +Yahweh helping someone is spoken of as if he were physically helping someone to stand up. AT: "Yahweh helps those who are discouraged" or "Yahweh helps those who are weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who are bowed down + +This action is a sign of distress or mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/146/009.md b/psa/146/009.md index 9030182d56..48701471eb 100644 --- a/psa/146/009.md +++ b/psa/146/009.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## for all generations ## +# he lifts up -AT: "forever" \ No newline at end of file +God helping someone is spoken of as if he were physically lifting them up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# your God, Zion + +Here "Zion" represents all the people of Israel. The writer is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were there listening to him. AT: "your God, people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# for all generations + +The words "will reign" are understood. AT: "will reign for all generations" or "will reign forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/146/intro.md b/psa/146/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7f4e2bd479 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/146/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 146 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 146 is a worship psalm. It is the third in series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Trust ##### +Trusting people for protection is useless because they die. But God blesses everyone who trusts in him. He provides everything people need. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 146:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../145/intro.md) | [>>](../147/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/001.md b/psa/147/001.md index 9fa16c7dd0..d3d734aadd 100644 --- a/psa/147/001.md +++ b/psa/147/001.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# it is pleasant + +The object may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "it is pleasant to sing praises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# praise is suitable + +"praise is fitting" or "praise is appropriate" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/002.md b/psa/147/002.md index ca2f8fe520..265e2a544f 100644 --- a/psa/147/002.md +++ b/psa/147/002.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## heals the brokenhearted and binds up their wounds ## +# He heals the brokenhearted and binds up their wounds -AT: "helps those who have no hope and heals the wounded" - -## binds up their wounds ## - -AT: "helps them not be sad anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of the people's sorrow and discouragement as if they were physical wounds, and of Yahweh encouraging them as if he were healing those wounds. AT: "He encourages those who are sad and helps them to heal from their emotional wounds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/004.md b/psa/147/004.md index 2d101e8792..f326cc2841 100644 --- a/psa/147/004.md +++ b/psa/147/004.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## his understanding cannot be measured ## +# his understanding cannot be measured -AT: "his wisdom and understanding have no limit" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one can measure his understanding" or "his understanding has no limit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/006.md b/psa/147/006.md index 2e60a93f84..4b08a0b1bd 100644 --- a/psa/147/006.md +++ b/psa/147/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## lifts up ## +# Yahweh lifts up the oppressed -AT: "gives hope to" +The writer speaks of Yahweh honoring those who are oppressed as if Yahweh were lifting them up from the ground. AT: "Yahweh honors the oppressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## brings ... down to the ground ## +# he brings the wicked down to the ground -AT: "completely defeats the wicked" \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of Yahweh humiliating the wicked as if Yahweh were forcing them to lie on the ground. AT: "he humiliates the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# with a harp + +"while playing a harp" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/008.md b/psa/147/008.md index 7f768b9d0d..82a79c3a7e 100644 --- a/psa/147/008.md +++ b/psa/147/008.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## ravens ## +# to the young ravens when they cry -The Israelites considered it wrong to eat these large black birds, which eat dead animals and things thrown away. \ No newline at end of file +The verbal phrase can be supplied from the previous line. AT: "he gives food to the young ravens when they cry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# when they cry + +"whey they chirp" or "when they call" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/010.md b/psa/147/010.md index 616ecde0ac..19e148c77b 100644 --- a/psa/147/010.md +++ b/psa/147/010.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## He finds no delight in the strength of a horse ## +# He finds no delight in the strength of a horse -AT: "Strong horses do not make him happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Strong horses do not delight him" -## the strong legs of a man ## +# the strong legs of a man -AT: "men with strong legs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "strong legs" is a metonym that represents how swiftly a man can run. AT: "men who can run swiftly" or 2) "strong legs" represents the strength of the whole man. AT: "how strong a man is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# who hope in his covenant faithfulness + +The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with and adjective. AT: "who trust him because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/012.md b/psa/147/012.md index 8adc6a90e0..ce6f8649b5 100644 --- a/psa/147/012.md +++ b/psa/147/012.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Jerusalem...Zion ## +# Jerusalem ... Zion -AT: "people of Jerusalem...people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The writer speaks to Jerusalem, which he also calls Zion, as if it were a person. The names of the city are metonyms for the people who live in it. AT: "people of Jerusalem ... people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## He brings prosperity ## +# For he strengthens the bars of your gates -Possible meanings are 1) the people are wealthy because they have plenty of wheat to eat (see UDB) or 2) "He brings peace," the end of war and the chance to rebuild the city ([Psalms 147:2](./002.md)), and so the people have plenty of wheat. \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "the bars of your gates" represent the city as a whole. Yahweh will make Jerusalem secure from enemy invasion. AT: "For he protects Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# he blesses ... among you + +The writer speaks of those who live in Jerusalem as if they were Jerusalem's children. AT: "he blesses those who live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He brings prosperity + +"He brings peace." Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh causes the people who live in Jerusalem to prosper materially and financially or 2) the word translated as "prosperity" means "peace" and Yahweh keeps Jerusalem safe from enemy attack. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/015.md b/psa/147/015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2ed157ecb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/147/015.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# his command runs very swiftly + +The writer describes God's command as if it were a messenger that moves quickly to deliver God's message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# He makes the snow like wool, he scatters the frost like ashes + +These emphasize how easy it is for him to do these things. He covers the ground with snow as easily as a person covers something with a wool blanket. And, he removes the frost as easily as the wind blows ashes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/017.md b/psa/147/017.md index e0f60af53e..c088d224ae 100644 --- a/psa/147/017.md +++ b/psa/147/017.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## He dispenses ## +# He dispenses the hail like crumbs -AT: "He sends" +Yahweh scatters hail as easily as a person would scatter bread crumbs. AT: "He dispenses the hail easily, as if it were crumbs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## hail like crumbs ## +# He dispenses -AT: "hail easily" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"He sends" -## hail ## +# hail small pieces of ice that fall from the sky like rain -## who can withstand the cold he sends? ## +# who can withstand the cold he sends? -AT: "no one can live in the cold he sends." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The writer uses this question to emphasize that it is difficult to endure the cold weather that Yahweh causes. AT: "no one can live in the cold he sends." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## He sends out his command and melts them ## +# He sends out his command and melts them -"He commands the ice to melt" \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks of Yahweh's command as if it were his messenger. The word "command" can be translated with a verb. AT: "He commands the ice to melt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/019.md b/psa/147/019.md index b06ce1f66c..bfae43997b 100644 --- a/psa/147/019.md +++ b/psa/147/019.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## word ... statutes ... decrees ## +# He proclaimed his word to Jacob, his statutes and his righteous decrees to Israel -These words all speak of what "he proclaimed," the Law of Moses. If your language does not have different words for these terms, you may combine the two lines into one, using either "Jacob" or "Israel" for the people who heard the words proclaimed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh gave his law only to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# his statutes and his righteous decrees to Israel + +The verbal phrase can be supplied from the previous line. AT: "He proclaimed his statutes and his righteous decrees to Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# his statutes and his righteous decrees + +The words "statutes" and "righteous decrees," along with "word" in the previous line, all refer to the law of Moses. If your language does not have different words for these terms, you may combine the two lines into one, using either "Jacob" or "Israel" for the people who received them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# they do not know them + +The other nations do not know Yahweh's decrees. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/147/intro.md b/psa/147/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..894ca488ce --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/147/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 147 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 147 is a worship psalm. It is the fourth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Yahweh's control ##### +Yahweh has created everything and controls all of nature. He provides for the animals and people. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 147:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../146/intro.md) | [>>](../148/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/148/001.md b/psa/148/001.md index 24c9c94366..3e04e2efdc 100644 --- a/psa/148/001.md +++ b/psa/148/001.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Praise Yahweh, you in the heavens ... you in the heights + +"Praise Yahweh, you in the heavens ... you in the sky." These two lines are parallel, with phrase "the heights" meaning the same thing as "the heavens" in the previous line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/148/003.md b/psa/148/003.md index 0a8534b895..aaa64f5cf1 100644 --- a/psa/148/003.md +++ b/psa/148/003.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Praise him, sun and moon ## +# Praise him, sun and moon -"I want the sun and the moon to praise God as people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The writer speaks to the sun and moon as if they were people and commands them to praise Yahweh. AT: "Praise Yahweh, sun and moon, as people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## praise him, all you shining stars ## +# praise him, all you shining stars -"I want the shining stars to praise God as people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The writer speaks to the shining stars as if they were people and commands them to praise Yahweh. AT: "Praise Yahweh, shining stars, as people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Praise him, highest heaven ## +# Praise him, highest heaven -"I want the most far away part of the universe to praise God as people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The phrase "highest heaven" is an idiom that refers to heaven itself. The writer speaks to heaven as if it were a person and commands it to praise Yahweh. AT: "Praise Yahweh, highest heaven, as people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## above the sky ## +# you waters that are above the sky -where rain comes from \ No newline at end of file +The writer speaks to "the waters that are above the sky" as if they are people and commands them to praise Yahweh. The verbal phrase can be supplied from the previous line. AT: "praise him, you waters that are above the sky, as people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# waters that are above the sky + +The writer speaks of a place above the sky where water is stored and from which the rain comes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/148/005.md b/psa/148/005.md index dd1cb8e807..6ba3897bee 100644 --- a/psa/148/005.md +++ b/psa/148/005.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## established them forever and ever ## +# Let them praise the name of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Psalms 78:67](../078/067.md) +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "Let them praise Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## he issued a decree that will never change ## +# they were created -Possible meanings are 1) "he gave a command that is permanent" (see ULB) or 2) "what God has created will never disobey that command" (see UDB). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he created them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## issued ## +# he issued a decree that will never change + +Possible meanings are 1) "he gave a command that is permanent" or 2) "he gave a command that they will not disobey." + +# issued "gave," as a king gives \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/148/007.md b/psa/148/007.md index 38126f3e3f..decfce8a57 100644 --- a/psa/148/007.md +++ b/psa/148/007.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## fulfilling his word ## +# all ocean depths -everything in 148:7-8, "who are all fulfilling his word" or "who are all under his control" \ No newline at end of file +This phrase represents every creature that lives in the depths of the oceans. AT: "all creatures in the ocean depths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# fire and hail, snow and clouds, stormy wind + +The writer speaks to these natural phenomena as if they are people and commands them to praise Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# stormy wind fulfilling his word + +"stormy wind that does what Yahweh commands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/148/009.md b/psa/148/009.md index 7683cc4525..e2d4979a0b 100644 --- a/psa/148/009.md +++ b/psa/148/009.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## animals wild and tame ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "all animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +The writer continues to speak to things that are not human as if they were people and commands them to praise Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## tame ## +# animals wild and tame -that obey people \ No newline at end of file +The words "wild" and "tame" are opposites. Together they encompass all animals. AT: "all animals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/148/011.md b/psa/148/011.md index 39da017758..5ce0a175d1 100644 --- a/psa/148/011.md +++ b/psa/148/011.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## elderly and children ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "old people and young people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The writer commands all people to praise Yahweh. + +# all nations + +The word "nations" represents the people who live in those nations. AT: "people of every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# young men and young women, elderly and children + +The writer uses two merisms, one related to gender and one related to age, to represent every person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/148/013.md b/psa/148/013.md index a1af3c55e0..99964ebdd4 100644 --- a/psa/148/013.md +++ b/psa/148/013.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## the people near to him ## +# the name of Yahweh, for his name alone -AT: "the people he loves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "Yahweh, for he alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his glory extends over the earth and the heavens + +The writer speaks of Yahweh's greatness as his glory being high above earth and heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He has lifted up the horn of his people + +The writer speaks of strength as if it were the horn of an animal. Lifting up an animal horn was a symbolic action that represented military victory. AT: "He has made his people strong" or "He has given his people victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# for praise from all his faithful ones + +"so that all his faithful ones praise him" + +# the people near to him + +The writer speaks of Yahweh loving his people as if his people were physically close to him. AT: "the people he loves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/148/intro.md b/psa/148/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..272db78caa --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/148/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 148 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 148 is a worship psalm. It is the fifth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Praise ##### +All creation, including humans, should praise God for his greatness. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 148:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../147/intro.md) | [>>](../149/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/149/001.md b/psa/149/001.md index 9fa16c7dd0..ebb7e6c5bb 100644 --- a/psa/149/001.md +++ b/psa/149/001.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# General Information: + +The psalmist is speaking to all of God's people, so you should use the plural command form if your language has one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# a new song + +Possible meanings are 1) "a song you have never sung before" or 2) a song no one has ever sung before. + +# sing his praise + +"praise him with songs" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/149/002.md b/psa/149/002.md index 1f2d081b6a..3854fba465 100644 --- a/psa/149/002.md +++ b/psa/149/002.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## rejoice in their king ## +# rejoice in the one who made them -"Their king" is likely a reference to God. +Possible meanings are 1) "rejoice because he made them" or 2) "rejoice because the one who made them is good." -## tambourine ## +# rejoice in their king -See how you translated this in [Psalms 80:1](../080/001.md) \ No newline at end of file +The words "their king" is likely a reference to God. Possible meanings are 1) "rejoice because he is their king" or 2) "rejoice because their king is good." + +# praise his name + +The word "name" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. AT: "praise him" or "tell people how great he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tambourine + +a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/149/004.md b/psa/149/004.md index 60ef2794e3..4910202b47 100644 --- a/psa/149/004.md +++ b/psa/149/004.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## glorifies the humble with salvation ## +# glorifies the humble with salvation -AT: "exalts the humble by saving them from their enemies." +The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "glorifies the humble by saving them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## on their beds ## +# the humble -The Hebrew is not clear for this expression, but one likely interpretation is … AT: "even at night, even as they lie down to sleep" \ No newline at end of file +This can be restated to remove the nominal adjective. AT: "those who are humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) + +# on their beds + +The translation can make explicit that this refers to when a person lies down at night to sleep in a bed. AT: "as they lie down to sleep at night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/149/006.md b/psa/149/006.md index b8223dc3cd..175bfba3d2 100644 --- a/psa/149/006.md +++ b/psa/149/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## May the praises of God be in their mouths ## +# May the praises of God be in their mouths -AT: "May they praise God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The mouth represents the whole person. AT: "May they always be ready to praise God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## a two-edged sword in their hand ## +# a two-edged sword in their hand -edged sword in their hand** - If swords are not known, use the name of a local weapon. This refers to a type of war festival before or after a battle. \ No newline at end of file +If swords are not known, use the name of a local weapon. The word "sword" is a metonym for being ready to fight in war. AT: "may they always be ready to go to war for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the nations + +The phrase "the nations" is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. AT: "the people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/149/008.md b/psa/149/008.md index 735195f7bf..3d51eb195a 100644 --- a/psa/149/008.md +++ b/psa/149/008.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## chains ## +# chains These are made of heavy metal and restrict the movement of prisoners. -## shackles ## +# shackles -a pair of chains or manacles with a chain between that limits the movement of both a person's hands or feet. \ No newline at end of file +a pair of chains or bands with a chain between that limits the movement of both a person's hands or feet. + +# They will execute the judgment that is written + +The abstract noun "judgment" can be stated as "judge." AT: "They will judge and punish the people of those nations as God wrote should be done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/149/intro.md b/psa/149/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..244ffff119 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/149/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 149 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 149 is a worship psalm. It is the sixth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Praise ##### +The people of Israel should praise God and conquer the other nations. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 149:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../148/intro.md) | [>>](../150/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/150/001.md b/psa/150/001.md index 9fa16c7dd0..8feb7d759a 100644 --- a/psa/150/001.md +++ b/psa/150/001.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# General Information: + +This focuses on praise or worship is most commonly held in the temple. + +# Praise God in his holy place + +God's temple was often referred to as his holy place. This was the most common place to go to worship God. + +# his mighty acts + +"the great things he has done." God's "mighty acts" can possibly mean 1) natural such as thunderstorms and earthquakes or 2) miraculous such as healings and great victories in battle. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/150/003.md b/psa/150/003.md index fa06f7e584..2e6dc39aa1 100644 --- a/psa/150/003.md +++ b/psa/150/003.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## tambourine ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Psalms 80:1](../080/001.md) +This chunk focuses on praising or worshiping God with musical instruments and dance. -## cymbals ## +# tambourines -two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound \ No newline at end of file +A tambourine is a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# cymbals + +two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/150/006.md b/psa/150/006.md index 4ce6caa9a7..aab290dc86 100644 --- a/psa/150/006.md +++ b/psa/150/006.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## everything that has breath ## +# General Information: -everything living (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] ) \ No newline at end of file +This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 5 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 107 and ends with Psalm 150. + +# everything that has breath + +This is an exaggeration that calls on all people who are alive to praise God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/150/intro.md b/psa/150/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e095437705 --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/150/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Psalm 150 General Notes # + +#### Type of psalm #### + +Psalm 150 is a worship psalm. It is last in a series of worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Instruments ##### +People should praise Yahweh with every type of musical instrument. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Psalms 150:1](./001.md)__ +__[<<](../149/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/front/intro.md b/psa/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d709e7931c --- /dev/null +++ b/psa/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +# Introduction to Psalms # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Psalms #### + +1. Book One (Psalms 1-41) +1. Book Two (Psalms 42-72) +1. Book Three (Psalms 73-89) +1. Book Four (Psalms 90-106) +1. Book Five (Psalms 107-150) + +#### What is the Book of Psalms? #### + +The Book of Psalms is a collection of songs that were written for different reasons. In some psalms, the psalmists (that is, the psalm writers) expressed their praise for God. In other psalms, they ask God for help and express confidence in his love and power. In still other psalms, the psalmists confess their sins and beg for mercy. The Israelites wrote some psalms to pray for military victory over the nation's enemies. Still other psalms celebrate the coronation of new kings of Israel. Psalmists also wrote to praise the city of Jerusalem. Some psalms were written to instruct people on how to be wise, that is, how to obey the law of Moses and to honor God. In addition, some psalms became popular for pilgrims to sing while traveling to Jerusalem to worship there. Some psalms apparently became favorite songs of praise to sing in the temple worship of God. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Another title of this book means, "Songs of Praise." Translators may express this meaning in their own languages, or they may choose to transliterate a name from other language versions if it is well-known. For example, the French title "Les Psaumes" might be understood by everyone in a project language, if French is the language of wider communication in the region. + +#### When was the Book of Psalms written? #### + +The Psalms were written from the 15th Century BC to about the time they were collected in the 3rd Century BC. One of the earliest psalms was written by Moses, perhaps about 1400 BC. David's psalms have been dated between 1020 and 975 BC. Asaph's psalms are probably from the same time as David's. The psalms of Korah may have come from the time just before the destruction of Jerusalem and the exile to Babylonia (587 BC). + +No psalm is definitely identified as having been written after the exile, which formally ended in 538 BC. However, Psalms 126 and 137 appear to date from the period after the exile. + +#### What are the Messianic psalms? #### + +Some psalms, called "Messianic psalms," contain passages that the New Testament writers considered to prophesy the coming and work of the Messiah, Jesus Christ. The psalms usually considered to be Messianic are Psalms 2, 8, 16, 22, 34, 40, 41, 45, 68, 69, 89, 102, 109, 110, and 118. Each of these psalms is cited at least one time in the New Testament. + +#### What are superscriptions in the Psalms? #### + +Superscriptions are the information that is given before the beginning of many psalms. Seventy-three psalms are called "A psalm of David," which may mean they were written by King David, for David, or perhaps in the style that David used when he composed poetry. For some psalms, the superscriptions give the historical situations in which they were written. + +Some superscriptions give instructions about how they should be played and sung, with what instruments, with which singers, and apparently sometimes with which melodies. Fifty-five psalms are addressed "to the choirmaster" or "chief musician;" these seem to have been specially meant for use in temple worship. + +Some of the expressions in the superscriptions are difficult to understand, so modern versions often have different interpretations of them. + +English versions do not traditionally give verse numbers to the superscriptions, but many versions in other languages do. Whatever choice about how to indicate verses is made in other versions, the superscriptions in the Psalms should be considered as part of the divinely inspired biblical text. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What are some important ways in which Yahweh is pictured in the Book of Psalms? #### + +Yahweh is often pictured as: + +* a king who rules over the nation of Israel and over all the nations +* a shepherd who leads the people of Israel and also the individual psalm writers +* a "rock," that is, a high rocky mountain on which someone can be completely safe from his enemies +* a strong warrior who always defeats his enemies + +#### What is the importance of honor and shame in the Book of Psalms? #### + +When people honor someone, they think well of him and may even admire him. On the other hand, if people shame someone, that person loses honor and is disgraced. Psalmists often express a great desire that Yahweh would be honored by the Israelites and also by the rest of the world. In addition, psalmists often express fear that they will be shamed by their enemies. When they feel this way, the psalmists speak of their trust that Yahweh will not allow this to happen. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Why do the ULB and UDB display the Book of Psalms as poetry, but some modern versions do not? #### + +The Psalms were written as Hebrew poetry. This style uses poetic lines that stand in different kinds of relationships with each other. Usually, poetic lines are said to be "parallel" to each other. The ULB and UDB show these lines of poetry in English. These lines are shown by their indentation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +Translators will have to decide whether or not to present the Psalms as poetry in their own language. This decision may well make it necessary to consider whether their language has poetic forms that are suitable for expressing the thought of the Psalms. Some translators will certainly decide to present the Book of Psalms not as poetry, but as prose. + +#### Why do some versions number the Psalms differently than others? #### + +There have been different numbering systems for the Psalms from ancient times. When Jews translated the Book of Psalms from Hebrew into Greek, they eventually numbered many psalms differently. As a result, the Hebrew numbering and the Greek numbering of psalms were both passed down through the centuries. Both systems are still in use today. Translators will probably want to use the system that most versions in their own country use. + +#### How should the translator view the terms Selah and Higgaion that occur in various psalms? #### + +These seem to be musical terms that were inserted as directions for singers and people playing on accompanying instruments. Because there is no widespread agreement on their meaning, translators may decide to leave them out. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/01.md b/rev/01/01.md index a88b9ad22f..7014ddda17 100644 --- a/rev/01/01.md +++ b/rev/01/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,35 @@ -## his servants ## +# General Information: -the believers in Christ +This is an introduction to the book of Revelation. It explains that it is a revelation from Jesus Christ and it gives a blessing to those who read it. -## what must soon take place ## +# his servants -AT: "the events that must happen soon" +This refers to people who believe in Christ. -## made it known ## +# what must soon take place -"communicated it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"the events that must happen soon" -## the time is near ## +# made it known -AT: "the things that must take place will soon take place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +"communicated it" + +# to his servant John + +John wrote this book and was referring to himself here. AT: "to me, John, his servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the word of God + +Here it refers to the messages that God gave John. + +# the one who reads aloud + +This does not refer to a specific person. It refers to anyone who reads it aloud. AT: "anyone who reads aloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# obey what is written in it + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "obey what John has written in it" or "obey what they read in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the time is near + +"the things that must happen will soon happen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/04.md b/rev/01/04.md index 6b6682b65c..2807984e14 100644 --- a/rev/01/04.md +++ b/rev/01/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,47 @@ -## peace from him who is ## +# General Information: -"peace from God, who is" +This is the beginning of John's letter. Here he names himself as the writer and greets the people he is writing to. -## spirits ## +# May grace be to you and peace from the one who is ... and from the seven spirits ... and from Jesus Christ -It is implied that these spirits are angels because they are before the throne of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This is a wish or blessing. John speaks as if these were things that God could give, although they are really ways in which he hopes God will act for his people. AT: "May he who is ... and the seven spirits ... and Jesus Christ treat you kindly and enable you to live peacefully and securely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## has released us ## +# from the one who is -AT: "has set us free" +"from God, who is" -## made us a kingdom ## +# who is to come -"set us apart and begun to rule over us" \ No newline at end of file +Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# seven spirits + +The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The "seven spirits" refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# the firstborn from the dead ones + +"the first person to be raised from death" + +# has released us + +"has set us free" + +# has made us a kingdom, priests + +"has set us apart and begun to rule over us and he has made us priests" + +# his God and Father + +This is one person. AT: "God, his Father" + +# Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# to him be the glory and the power + +This is a wish or prayer. Possible meanings are 1) "May people honor his glory and power" or 2) "May he have glory and power." John prays that Jesus Christ will be honored and will be able to rule completely over everyone and everything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the power + +This probably refers to his authority as king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/07.md b/rev/01/07.md index ca835234ec..a7a20bd04a 100644 --- a/rev/01/07.md +++ b/rev/01/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## Alpha and Omega ## +# General Information: -this should be culturally interpreted. For example, alpha and omega mean nothing to someone who doesn't have knowledge of the Greek alphabet, so they should find an appropriate equivalent in their language/for their culture. \ No newline at end of file +In verse 7, John is quoting from Daniel and Zechariah. + +# every eye + +Since people see with the eyes, the word "eye" is used to refer to people. AT: "every person" or "everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# including those who pierced him + +"even those who pierced him will see him" + +# pierced him + +Jesus' hands and feet were pierced when he was nailed to the cross. Here it refers to people killing him. AT: "killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# pierced + +made a hole in + +# the alpha and the omega + +These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are 1) "the one who began all things and who ends all things" or 2) "the one who has always lived and who always will live". If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. AT: "the A and the Z" or "the first and the last" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# who is to come + +Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# says the Lord God + +Some languages would put "The Lord God says" at the beginning or the end of the whole sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/09.md b/rev/01/09.md index 10c37ea16a..fa158b482d 100644 --- a/rev/01/09.md +++ b/rev/01/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## your...you ## +# General Information: -the believers in the seven churches (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +John explains how his vision began and the instructions the Spirit gave him. -## who shares with you in the suffering and kingdom and patient endurance that are in Jesus ## +# your ... you -AT: "who shares with you in God's kingdom. I also suffer and patiently endures trial along with you because we belong to Jesus" +These refer to the believers in the seven churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## because of the word of God ## +# I, John—your brother and the one who shares with you in the suffering and kingdom and patient endurance that are in Jesus—was -AT: "because I told about the word of God" +This can be stated as a separate sentence. AT: "I, John, am your brother who who shares with you in God's kingdom and also suffers and patiently endures trials along with you because we belong to Jesus. I was" -## in the Spirit ## +# because of the word of God -This means effected by God's Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"because I told others about the word of God" -## the Lord's day ## +# I was in the Spirit -The day of worship for believers in Christ. +John speaks of being influenced by God's Spirit as if he were in the Spirit. AT: "I was influenced by the Spirit" or "The Spirit influenced me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## loud voice like a trumpet ## +# the Lord's day + +the day of worship for believers in Christ + +# loud voice like a trumpet The voice was so loud it sounded like a trumpet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## to Smyrna, to Pergamum, to Thyatira, to Sardis, to Philadelphia, and to Laodicea ## +# trumpet -These are names of cities in Asia which is modern Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to an instrument for producing music or for calling people to gather together for an announcement or meeting. + +# Smyrna ... Pergamum ... Thyatira ... Sardis ... Philadelphia ... Laodicea + +These are names of cities in the region of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/12.md b/rev/01/12.md index b7401f1144..9eac24a353 100644 --- a/rev/01/12.md +++ b/rev/01/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## whose voice ## +# Connecting Statement: -Here "voice" refers to the person speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +John begins to explain what he saw in his vision. -## belt ## +# whose voice -a piece of cloth worn around the waist or across the chest \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the person speaking. AT: "who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# son of man + +This expression describes a human figure, someone who looks human. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# a golden sash + +a piece of cloth worn around the chest. It may have had golden threads in it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/14.md b/rev/01/14.md index 90859909f2..3f4fa56561 100644 --- a/rev/01/14.md +++ b/rev/01/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## head and hair were as white as wool—as white as snow ## +# His head and hair were as white as wool—as white as snow -These two phrases are used together to emphasize how very white his head and hair were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Wool and snow are examples of things that are very white. The repetition of "as white as" emphasizes that they were very white. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## the sound of many rushing waters ## +# wool -This is like the sound a large, fast flowing, white water river makes. \ No newline at end of file +This is the hair of a sheep or goat. It was known to be very white. + +# his eyes were like a flame of fire + +His eyes are described as being full of light like a flame of fire. AT: "his eyes were glowing like a flame of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# His feet were like polished bronze + +Bronze is polished to make it shine and reflect light. AT: "His feet were very shiny like polished bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like polished bronze, like bronze that had been refined in a furnace + +The bronze would be refined first and then polished. AT: "like bronze that has been purified in a hot furnace and polished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# furnace + +a strong container for holding a very hot fire. People would put metal in it, and the hot fire would burn away any impurities that were in the metal. + +# the sound of many rushing waters + +This is very loud, like the sound of a large, fast flowing river, of a large waterfall, or of loud waves in the sea. + +# a sword ... was coming out of his mouth + +The sword blade was sticking out of his mouth. The sword itself was not in motion. + +# a sword with two sharp edges + +This refers to a double-edged sword, which is sharpened on both sides to cut both directions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/17.md b/rev/01/17.md index 52bc0caa43..112803d3fe 100644 --- a/rev/01/17.md +++ b/rev/01/17.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -John's continued vision of a Son of Man among the lampstands +# fell at his feet like a dead man -## He placed his right hand on me ## +John lay down facing the ground. He was probably very frightened and was showing Jesus great respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -AT: "He touched me with his right hand" +# He placed his right hand on me -## I am the First and the Last ## +"He touched me with his right hand" -This refers to being the first to live and the last to live implying his eternal nature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I am the first and the last + +This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# I have the keys of death and of Hades + +Having the power over something is spoken of as having the keys to it. The implied information is that he can give life to those who have died and let them out of Hades. AT: "I have the power over death and over Hades" or "I have the power to give life to people who have died and to let them out of Hades" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/19.md b/rev/01/19.md index 13cddfdfd9..fc27af5d3f 100644 --- a/rev/01/19.md +++ b/rev/01/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -The Son of Man among the lamp stands continues to speak. +# Connecting Statement: -## golden lampstands ## +The Son of Man continues to speak. -Translate this the same as you did in [Revelation 1:9](./09.md). +# stars -## seven churches ## +These stars are symbols that represent the seven angels of the seven churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -Translate this the same as you did in [Revelation 1:9](./09.md). \ No newline at end of file +# lampstands + +The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:12](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# the angels of the seven churches + +Possible meanings are 1) heavenly angels who protect the seven churches or 2) human messengers to the seven churches. + +# seven churches + +This refers to seven churches that actually existed in Asia Minor at that time. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](./09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/01/intro.md b/rev/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ff81b66435 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +# Revelation 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter explains how the book is a recording of the vision John received on the island of Patmos. + +Some translations set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 1:7, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Seven churches ##### +This letter was specifically addressed to seven actual churches located in the modern country of Turkey. + +##### White ##### +White is a color that often symbolizes holiness or righteousness in scripture. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "Him who is, and who was, and who is to come" ##### +The phrase explains that God has always existed, exists now and will always exist. Not all languages have a way to easily translate the past, present and future aspects of a verb. It is possible this is a play on the name of God, Yahweh, which means "I am." + +##### His blood ##### +This is a reference to Jesus' death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "He is coming with the clouds" ##### +Many scholars believe Jesus will come back in two stages. Jesus' first return will be subtle, like a "thief in the night." Then, Jesus will come in an undeniable way where everyone will see him. It is this latter coming that the book of Revelation is about. + +##### Jesus ##### +The image of the man in heaven is probably Jesus. Overall, the image is a description of Jesus in all of his glory. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### "The angels of the seven churches" ##### +The Greek word translated as "angels" can also be translated as "messengers." It is possible this is a reference to the messengers or leaders of these seven churches. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Revelation intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/01.md b/rev/02/01.md index 84bc359672..14ce74edad 100644 --- a/rev/02/01.md +++ b/rev/02/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## who claim themselves to be apostles ## +# General Information: -AT: "who say they are apostles" \ No newline at end of file +This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Ephesus. + +# the angel + +Possible meanings are 1) a heavenly angel who protects the church or 2) a human messenger to the churches. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/19.md) + +# stars + +These stars are symbols. They represent the seven angels of the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# lampstands + +The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# I know ... your hard labor and your patient endurance + +"Labor" and "endurance" are abstract nouns and can be translated with verbs "work" and "endure." AT: "I know ... that you work very hard and that you endure patiently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# but are not + +"but are not apostles" + +# you have found them to be false + +"you have recognized that those people are false apostles" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/03.md b/rev/02/03.md index cc2cd542df..4a5033280f 100644 --- a/rev/02/03.md +++ b/rev/02/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -This continues the son of man's message to the believers in Ephesus. +# because of my name -## first love ## +"because you believe in my name" or "because you believe in me" -This means "your original love for Christ." (See: [[[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# you have not grown weary -## remove your lampstand ## +Being discouraged is spoken of as being tired. AT: "you have not become discouraged" or "you have not quit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Each lampstand represents a church of the seven churches. Refer to [Revelation 1:19](../01/19.md). (See: [[[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# I have against you the fact that + +"I disapprove of you because" or "I am angry with you because" + +# you have left behind your first love + +To stop doing something is spoken of as leaving it behind. Love is spoken of as if it is an object that can be left behind. AT "you have stopped loving me as you did at the beginning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from where you have fallen + +No longer loving as much as they used to is spoken of as haven fallen. AT: "how much you have changed" or "how much you used to love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Unless you repent + +"If you do not repent" + +# remove your lampstand + +The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you translated "lampstand" in [Revelation 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/06.md b/rev/02/06.md index 359a61d42c..9c507db145 100644 --- a/rev/02/06.md +++ b/rev/02/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -This continues the son of man's message to believers in Ephesus. +# Nicolaitans -## Nicolaitans ## +people who followed the teachings of a man named Nicolaus (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -the people who followed the teachings of a man named Nicolaus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Let the one who has an ear listen -## If you have an ear, listen ## +Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -spiritual ears. This means the person who can hear God and understand his message. +# the one who conquers -## I will permit to eat ## +This refers anyone who conquers. AT: "anyone who resists evil" or "those who do not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -"I will allow them to eat" \ No newline at end of file +# the paradise of God + +"God's garden." This is a symbol for heaven. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/08.md b/rev/02/08.md index acf336248d..efdf290041 100644 --- a/rev/02/08.md +++ b/rev/02/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## Smyrna ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:9](../01/09.md). +This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Smyrna. -## the first and the last ## +# Smyrna -See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the first and the last + +This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# I know your sufferings and your poverty + +"Sufferings" and "poverty" can be translated as verbs. AT: "I know how you have suffered and how poor you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# I know the slander of those who say they are Jews + +"Slander" can be translated as a verb. AT: "I know how people have slandered you—those who say they are Jews" or "I know how people have said terrible things about you—those who say they are Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# but they are not + +"but they are not real Jews" + +# a synagogue of Satan + +People who gather to obey or honor Satan are spoken of as if they were a synagogue, a place of worship and teaching for the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/10.md b/rev/02/10.md index 516a2774bb..70fd564ef4 100644 --- a/rev/02/10.md +++ b/rev/02/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## The devil is about to throw some of you into prison ## +# The devil is about to throw some of you into prison -AT: "The devil will soon cause some of you to be in prison" +"The devil will soon cause others to put some of you in prison" -## If you have an ear ## +# Be faithful until death -See translation in [Revelation 2:6](./06.md). \ No newline at end of file +"Be faithful to me even if they kill you." The use of the word "until" does not mean that you should stop being faithful at death. + +# the crown + +"the winner's crown." This was a wreath, originally of olive branches or laurel leaves, that was put on the head of a victorious athlete. + +# the crown of life + +Possible meanings are 1) "a crown that shows that I have given you eternal life" or 2) "true life as a prize like a winner's crown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Let the one who has an ear + +Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](./06.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The one who conquers + +This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](./06.md). AT: "Anyone who resists evil" or "Those who do not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) + +# will not be hurt by the second death + +"will not experience the second death" or "will not die a second time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/12.md b/rev/02/12.md index 03f9a29f38..072bb37a25 100644 --- a/rev/02/12.md +++ b/rev/02/12.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Pergamum. + +# Pergamum + +This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the sword with two sharp edges + +This refers to a double-edged sword, which is sharpened on both sides to cut both directions. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/14.md) + +# Satan's throne + +Possible meanings are 1) Satan's power and evil influence on people, or 2) the place where Satan rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you hold on tightly to my name + +Firmly believing is spoken of as holding on tightly. AT: "you firmly believe in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# you did not deny your faith in me + +"Faith" can be translated with the verb "believe." AT "you continued to tell people that you believe in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Antipas + +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/14.md b/rev/02/14.md index 7df3a72db1..d8fa40187d 100644 --- a/rev/02/14.md +++ b/rev/02/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## Balak ## +# But I have a few things against you + +"I disapprove of you because of a few things you have done" or "I am angry with you because of a few things you did." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:4](./03.md). + +# who hold tightly to the teaching of Balaam, who + +Possible meanings are 1) "who teach what Balaam taught; he" or 2) "who do what Balaam taught; he." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Balak This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## who taught Balak to throw a stumbling block before the children of Israel ## +# who taught Balak to throw a stumbling block before the children of Israel -AT: "who showed Balak how to cause the people of Israel to sin" +Something that leads people to sin is spoken of as a stone in the road that people stumble on. AT: "who showed Balak how to cause the people of Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## eat food sacrificed to idols ## +# be sexually immoral -AT: "sacrifice food to idols and then eat it" (See: Active - Passive) +"sin sexually" or "commit sexual sin" -## be sexually immoral ## +# Nicolaitans -AT: "sin sexually" or "commit sexual sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This was the name for a group of people who followed the teachings of a man named Nicolaus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:6](./06.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/16.md b/rev/02/16.md index 909713263c..97ec8b845d 100644 --- a/rev/02/16.md +++ b/rev/02/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## with the sword that comes out of my mouth ## +# Repent, therefore -Refers to the "sword" in [Revelation 1:14](../01/14.md). +"So repent" -## If you have an ear ## +# If you do not, I -See translation in [Revelation 2:6](./06.md). +The verb can be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "If you do not repent, I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## To the one who conquers ## +# wage war against them -AT: "To any person who is victorious" \ No newline at end of file +"fight against them" + +# with the sword in my mouth + +This refers to the sword in [Revelation 1:16](../01/14.md). Although symbols in apocalyptic language are normally not to be translated, translators may choose whether or not to explain this symbol as a symbol of God's word, as the UDB does. This symbol indicates that Christ will defeat his enemies by giving a simple command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# Let the one who has an ear listen + +Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](./06.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# To the one who conquers + +This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](./06.md). AT: "anyone who resists evil" or "those who do not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/18.md b/rev/02/18.md index 03f9a29f38..6569e23e32 100644 --- a/rev/02/18.md +++ b/rev/02/18.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Thyatira. + +# Thyatira + +This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Son of God + +This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# who has eyes like a flame of fire + +His eyes are describes as being full of light like a flame of fire. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:14](../01/14.md). AT: "whose eyes glow like a flame of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# feet like polished bronze + +Bronze is polished to make it shine and reflect light. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:15](../01/14.md). AT: "whose feet are very shiny like polished bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Your love and faith and service and your patient endurance + +These abstract nouns can be translated with verbs. AT: "How you have loved, trusted, served, and endured patiently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Your love and faith and service and your patient endurance + +The implied objects of these verbs can be stated clearly. AT: "How you have loved me and others, trusted me, served me and others, and endured troubles patiently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/20.md b/rev/02/20.md index 636484a2a0..36bf2ec641 100644 --- a/rev/02/20.md +++ b/rev/02/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## But I have this against you ## +# But I have this against you -See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:3](./03.md). \ No newline at end of file +"But I disapprove of some of the things you are doing" or "But I am angry with you because of something you are doing." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:4](./03.md). + +# the woman Jezebel, who + +Jesus spoke of a certain woman in their church as if she were Queen Jezebel, because she did the same kinds of sinful things that Queen Jezebel had done long before that time. AT: "the woman who is just like Jezebel and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I gave her time to repent + +"I gave her opportunity to repent" or "I waited for her to repent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/22.md b/rev/02/22.md index e695033eba..06214cc93d 100644 --- a/rev/02/22.md +++ b/rev/02/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## throw her into a sickbed ## +# I will throw her onto a sickbed ... into great suffering -AT: "I will make her sick" or "I will punish her with illness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Her having to lie in bed would be the result of Jesus making her very sick. AT: "I will make her lie sick in bed ... I will make suffer greatly" or "I will make her very sick ... I will make suffer greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## commit adultery ## +# those who commit adultery with her into great suffering + +Jesus speaks of causing people to suffer as throwing them into suffering. AT: "I will make those who commit adultery with her to suffer greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# commit adultery "practice adultery" -## they repent of what she has done ## +# unless they repent of her deeds -AT: "they repent for being like her" +This implies that they have participated with her in her wicked behavior. By repenting of her deeds, they also repent of participating in her behavior. AT: "if they do not repent from doing the evil that she does" or "if they do not repent of participating in her deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I will strike her children dead ## +# I will strike her children dead -AT: "I will kill her children" +"I will kill her children" -## I am he who searches thoughts and desires ## +# her children -AT: "I search thoughts and desires" or "I search minds and hearts" \ No newline at end of file +Jesus spoke of her followers as if they were her children. AT: 'her followers" or "the people who do what she teaches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# thoughts and hearts + +The term "heart" a metonym that represents feelings and desires. AT: "what people think and want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will give to each one of you + +This is an expression about punishment and reward. AT: "I will punish or reward each one of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/24.md b/rev/02/24.md index 76f98673e8..2e757359ca 100644 --- a/rev/02/24.md +++ b/rev/02/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## the deep things of Satan ## +# everyone who does not hold this teaching -AT: "the false practices of Satan" or "the lies of Satan" \ No newline at end of file +Believing a teaching is spoken of as holding the teaching. AT: "everyone who does not believe this teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# does not hold this teaching + +The noun "teaching" can be translated as a verb. AT: "does not hold to what she teaches" or "does not believe what she teaches" + +# what some call the deep things of Satan + +Possible meanings are 1) those who called them the deep things understood that they were from Satan or 2) some people called them the deep things, but Jesus was saying that those things were really from Satan. AT: "the things of Satan, what some call the deep things" + +# the deep things of Satan + +"the deep things that Satan teaches" + +# deep things + +Secret things are spoken of as if they were deep. AT: "secret things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/26.md b/rev/02/26.md index 708924c22b..22a101b24b 100644 --- a/rev/02/26.md +++ b/rev/02/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## The one who conquers ## +# The one who conquers -AT: "Any person who defeats" +This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](./06.md). AT: "Anyone who resists evil" or "The person who does not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## I will also give him ## +# He will rule ... break them into pieces + +This is a prophecy from the Old Testament about a king of Israel, but Jesus applied it here to those to whom he gives authority over the nations. + +# He will rule them with an iron rod + +Ruling harshly is spoken of as ruling with an iron rod. AT: "He will rule them harshly as if striking them with an iron stick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like clay jars he will break them into pieces + +Breaking them to pieces is an image that represents either 1) destroying evildoers or 2) defeating enemies. AT: "He will defeat his enemies completely as if breaking clay jars into pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Just as I have received from my Father + +Some languages may need to tell what was received. Possible meanings are 1) "Just as I have received authority from my Father" or 2) "Just as I have received the morning star from my Father." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# I will also give him Here "him" refers to the one who conquers. -## morning star ## +# morning star -This is a bright star that appears just before dawn. \ No newline at end of file +This is a bright star that sometimes appears early in the morning just before dawn. It was a symbol of victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# Let the one who has an ear listen + +Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](./06.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/02/intro.md b/rev/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6be7f268f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +# Revelation 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapters 2 and 3 together form a single unit. This section is usually referred to as the "seven letters to the seven churches." The translator may wish to set these letters apart from each other to clearly distinguish them. + +Some translations set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:27, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Poverty and wealth ##### +This chapter has a play on the two possible meanings of being poor and rich. The Ephesians were poor financially because they did not have a lot of money. They were not poor spiritually because of the great "riches" they had in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +##### "The devil is about to" ##### +The book of Revelation is about the things that Satan is going to do on earth. Despite this, it is ultimately about what God will do in the end to defeat Satan. + +##### Balaam, Balak and Jezebel ##### +These teachings of Balaam are difficult to fully understand if the books of Kings have not yet been translated. This is probably a reference to leading the people of Israel into immorality and the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +Some scholars take chapter 2 and 3 as a metaphor. They understand these churches to refer to types of churches or historical periods of the church. It is best to translate this as instructions to ancient churches in each of these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### "If you have an ear, listen to what the Spirit says to the churches." ##### +This is a phrase which acts as a call to repentance for those in the church. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The angels of the seven churches" ##### + +The Greek word translated as "angels" can also be translated as "messengers." It is possible this is a reference to the messengers or leaders of these seven churches. + +##### "These are the words of the one" ##### +This phrase, used to introduce these letters is probably a reference to Jesus. Each letter then describes an aspect of Jesus which is significant for the rest of the letter. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/01.md b/rev/03/01.md index 2bdf0b75e9..3498c63a02 100644 --- a/rev/03/01.md +++ b/rev/03/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## The words of ## +# General Information: -"These are the words of" +This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Sardis. -## I have not found your deeds complete ## +# Sardis -"I have determined that your actions are not adequate" \ No newline at end of file +This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the seven spirits + +The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The "seven spirits" refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# the seven stars + +These stars are symbols that represent the seven angels of the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# alive ... dead + +Obeying and honoring God is spoken of as being alive; disobeying and dishonoring him is spoken of as being dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Wake up and strengthen what remains, but is about to die + +The good deeds done by the believers in Sardis are spoken of as if they were alive but in danger of dying. AT: "Wake up and complete the work that remains, or what you have done will become worthless" or "Wake up. If you do not finish what you have started to do, your previous work will have been useless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Wake up + +Being alert to danger is spoken of as waking up. AT: "Be alert" or "Be careful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/03.md b/rev/03/03.md index cd169a7a18..7acbcf055b 100644 --- a/rev/03/03.md +++ b/rev/03/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## wake up ## +# what you have received and heard -This expression means they should start acting correctly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to God's word, which they believed. AT: "God's word that you heard and the truth that you believed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I will come as a thief ## +# if you do not wake up -Jesus will come at an unexpected time, just as a thief is not expected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Being alert to danger is spoken of as waking up. See how you translated "wake up" on [Revelation 3:2](./01.md). AT: "If you are not alert" or "If you are not careful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## did not make their clothes dirty ## +# I will come as a thief -Dirty clothes represent sin in their lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus will come at a time when people do not expect him, just as a thief comes when not expected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## dressed in white ## +# a few names of the people -White clothes represent a pure life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the people themselves. AT: "a few people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# did not make their clothes dirty + +Jesus speaks of sin in a person's life as if it were dirty clothes. AT: "have not made their lives sinful like dirty clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will walk with me + +People commonly spoke of living as "walking." AT: "will live with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# dressed in white + +White clothes represent a pure life without sin. AT: "and they will be dressed in white, which shows that they are pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/05.md b/rev/03/05.md index 4d091ce8dd..557873bdcf 100644 --- a/rev/03/05.md +++ b/rev/03/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## the one who conquers ## +# The one who conquers -AT: "Any person who defeats" +This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/06.md). AT: "Anyone who resists evil" or "Anyone who does not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## clothed in white garments ## +# will be clothed in white garments -White clothes represent a pure life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "will wear white garments" or "I will give white clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## wipe his name out of the book of life ## +# I will speak his name -Removing a person's name from the book represents removing the person from life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +He would not simply say the person's name, but announce that the person belongs to him. AT: "I will announce that he belongs to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## If you have an ear……the churches ## +# before my Father -See how you translated this in [Revelation 3:7](./07.md). \ No newline at end of file +"in the presence of my Father" + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Let the one who has an ear listen + +Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/06.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/07.md b/rev/03/07.md index 7909676627..fd4459ffc1 100644 --- a/rev/03/07.md +++ b/rev/03/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## key of David ## +# General Information: -The "key" represents spiritual authority or power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Philadelphia. -## open door ## +# Philadelphia -This represents an opportunity to serve God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## have not denied ## +# key of David -TA: "have acknowledged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Jesus speaks of his authority to decide who may go into his kingdom as if it were King David's key. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## my name ## +# he opens and no one shuts -"me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +"he opens the door to the kingdom and no one can close it" + +# he shuts and no one can open + +"he closes the door and no one can open it" + +# I have put before you an open door + +"I have opened a door for you" + +# my name + +The word "name" is often used to refer to the person who has that name. AT: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/09.md b/rev/03/09.md index 95f3bf641e..50c65fdbbe 100644 --- a/rev/03/09.md +++ b/rev/03/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## synagogue of Satan ... Jews but are not ## +# synagogue of Satan -See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:8](../02/08.md). +People who gather to obey or honor Satan are spoken of as if they were in a synagogue, a place of worship and teaching for the Jews. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:9](../02/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## bow down ## +# bow down -This is a sign of submission, not worship. +This is a sign of submission, not worship. AT: "bow down in submission" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## before your feet ## +# before your feet -AT: "before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "feet" represent the person before whom these people bow down. AT: "before you" or "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## to test those ## +# they will come to know -AT: "that will test those" +"they will learn" or "they will admit" -## Hold tight ## +# will also keep you from the hour of testing -AT: "Continue to believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"will also prevent the hour of testing from happening to you" or "will protect you so you do not enter the hour of testing" + +# hour of testing + +"time of testing." This probably means "the time when people try to make you disobey me." + +# is coming + +Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am coming soon + +It is understood that he is coming in order to judge. AT: "I am coming to judge soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Hold tight to what you have + +Continuing to believe firmly in Christ is spoken of as if it were holding something tightly. AT: "Continue to believe firmly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# crown + +A crown was a wreath, originally of olive branches or laurel leaves, that was put on the head of a victorious athlete. Here "crown" stands for a reward. See how you translated "crown" in [Revelation 2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/12.md b/rev/03/12.md index 204030a722..bbc3f0f70e 100644 --- a/rev/03/12.md +++ b/rev/03/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the one who conquers ## +# The one who conquers, I will make like a pillar in the temple of my God -AT: "Any person who defeats" +Here "The one who conquers" refers to anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/06.md). The "pillar" represents an important and permanent part of God's kingdom. AT: "Anyone who resists evil to be strong like a pillar in the temple of my God" or "Those who do not agree to do evil to be strong like a pillar in the temple of my God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## pillar in the temple of my God ## +# Let the one who has an ear -The "pillar" represents becoming an important and permanent part of God's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/06.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/14.md b/rev/03/14.md index 2234af7580..b27af33165 100644 --- a/rev/03/14.md +++ b/rev/03/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## The words of the Amen ## +# General Information: -AT: "These are the words of the one who is called the Amen" +This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Laodicea. -## cold nor hot ## +# Laodicea -This represents two extremes of spiritual interest. To be "cold" is to be completely against God, and to be "hot" is to be zealous to serve him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## lukewarm ## +# the words of the Amen -"slightly warm." This describes someone who has only a small amount of spiritual interest or conviction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "the Amen" is a name for Jesus Christ. He guarantees God's promises by saying amen to them. + +# the ruler over God's creation + +Possible meanings are 1) "the one who rules over everything that God created" or 2) "the one through whom God created everything." + +# you are neither cold nor hot + +"Cold" and hot" represent two extremes of spiritual interest or love for God. To be "cold" is to be completely against God, and to be "hot" is to be zealous to serve him. AT: "you are like water that is neither cold nor hot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lukewarm + +"slightly warm." This describes someone who has only a small amount of spiritual interest or conviction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am about to vomit you out of my mouth + +Rejecting them is spoken of as vomiting them out of the mouth. AT: "I will reject you as I would spit out lukewarm water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/17.md b/rev/03/17.md index e36c4ce999..aae6554204 100644 --- a/rev/03/17.md +++ b/rev/03/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## most miserable, pitiable, poor, blind and naked ## +# you are most miserable, pitiable, poor, blind, and naked -These terms refer to a person who is in very bad spiritual condition, but does not know they their situation is so bad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus speaks of their spiritual condition as if he were speaking about their physical condition. AT: "You are like people who are most miserable, pitiable, poor, blind, and naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## become rich ## +# Buy from me gold refined by fire -This refers to becoming spiritually clean and having a good relationship with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Gold that is refined in fire is pure and very valuable. Here the salvation that Jesus offers mankind is spoken of as if it were gold. AT: "Receive from me what is really most valuable, as if it were gold refined by fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## brilliant white garments ## +# may become rich -White garments represent spiritual purity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to spiritual wealth, living a life that is most valuable in God's sight. AT: "may be spiritually rich" or "may live a most valuable life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# brilliant white garments + +White garments represent righteousness. AT: "righteousness, like white garments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# so you will see + +Seeing stands for understanding the truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/19.md b/rev/03/19.md index 3b8e7be223..ef8b8f4e11 100644 --- a/rev/03/19.md +++ b/rev/03/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## be earnest and repent ## +# be earnest and repent "be serious and repent" -## I stand at the door and knock ## +# I am standing at the door and am knocking -The "door" represents our life, or soul, that Christ wants to enter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus speaks about wanting people to relate to him as if he wanted them to invite him into their home. AT: "I am like one standing at the door and knocking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## hears my voice ## +# am knocking -The "voice" represents Christ's call. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +When people want someone to welcome them into their home, they knock on the door. AT: "I want you to let me come inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## opens the door ## +# hears my voice -This represents the decision to welcome and invite Christ in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The phrase "my voice" refers to Christ speaking. AT: "hears me speak" or "hears me call" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## have a meal with him ## +# I will come into his home -This represents relationship, friendship, fellowship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Some languages might prefer the verb "go" here. AT: "I will go in to his home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) + +# and will eat with him + +This represents being together as friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/21.md b/rev/03/21.md index 7867052695..e09efab8d7 100644 --- a/rev/03/21.md +++ b/rev/03/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## The one who conquers ## +# Connecting Statement: -See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:6](../02/06.md). AT: "Any person who defeats". +This is the end of the Son of Man's messages to the angels of the seven churches. -## sit down with me on my throne ## +# The one who conquers -To sit on a throne means to rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/06.md). AT: "Anyone who resists evil" or "Anyone who does not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -## If you have an ear ## +# to sit down with me on my throne -See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:6](../02/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +To sit on a throne means to rule. AT: "to rule with me" or "to sit down on my throne and rule with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# my Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Let the one who has an ear listen + +Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/06.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/03/intro.md b/rev/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dfe0e1b906 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# Revelation 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapters 2 and 3 form a single unit. This section is usually referred to as the "seven letters to the seven churches." The translator may wish to set these letters apart from each other to clearly distinguish them from each other. + +Some translations set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:7, which is a reference to the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Seven spirits of God ##### +The exact meaning of this phrase is unclear. It is possibly a reference to the Holy Spirit with the number seven symbolizing "completeness." It may also be a reference to the seven spirits surrounding the throne of God. It should be unnecessary to specifically define it in translation. + +##### Seven stars ##### +These are probably a reference to the leaders of the churches. (See: [Revelation 1:20](../01/19.md)) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +Some scholars take chapter 2 and 3 as a metaphor. They understand these churches to refer to types of churches or historical periods of the church. It is best to translate this as instructions to ancient churches in each of these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +The phrase "Look, I stand at the door and knock" is another extended metaphor describing Jesus' readiness and willingness to accept anyone who repents and believes in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### "If you have an ear, listen to what the Spirit says to the churches." ##### +This is a phrase which acts as a call to repentance for those in the church. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The angels of the seven churches" ##### + +The Greek word translated as "angels" can also be translated as "messengers." This is possibly a reference to the messengers or leaders of these seven churches. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/04/01.md b/rev/04/01.md index 22bcaf3e1e..90388ad56f 100644 --- a/rev/04/01.md +++ b/rev/04/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## after these things ## +# General Information: -after what John saw after Jesus spoke to the seven churches ([Revelation 2:1](../02/01.md)). +John begins to describe his vision of the throne of God. -## that a door had opened to heaven ## +# After these things -AT: "an entrance to heaven" +"After I had just seen these things" ([Revelation 2:1-3:22](../02/01.md)) -## jasper and carnelian ## +# an open door in heaven -semi-precious stones. We are uncertain what specific colors they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +This expression stands for the ability that God gave John to see into heaven, at least by means of a vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## rainbow ## +# speaking to me like a trumpet -the colors people can see when the sun shines behind them and rain is falling in front of them +How the voice was like a trumpet can be stated clearly. AT: "speaking to me loudly like the sound of a trumpet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## emerald ## +# trumpet -a green semi-precious stone \ No newline at end of file +This refers to an instrument for producing music or for calling people to gather together for an announcement or meeting. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:10](../01/09.md). + +# I was in the Spirit + +John speaks of being influenced by God's Spirit as if he were in the Spirit. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:10](../01/09.md). AT: "I was influenced by the Spirit" or "The Spirit influenced me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# jasper and carnelian + +valuable stones. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal, and carnelian may have been red. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# emerald + +a green, valuable stone (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/04/04.md b/rev/04/04.md index 84f51a0828..7301f23a84 100644 --- a/rev/04/04.md +++ b/rev/04/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## bolts of lightning ## +# twenty-four elders -Use your language's word for what lightning looks like each time it appears. +"24 elders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## rumblings, and crashes of thunder ## +# golden crowns -"sounds like thunder makes" \ No newline at end of file +These were likenesses of wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Such crowns, made of leaves, were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads. + +# flashes of lightning + +Use your language's way of describing what lightning looks like each time it appears. + +# rumblings, and crashes of thunder + +These are the loud noises that thunder makes. Use your language's way of describing the sound of thunder. + +# seven spirits of God + +The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The "seven spirits" refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/04/06.md b/rev/04/06.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f3d1ce2101 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/04/06.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# a sea of glass + +How it was like glass or a sea can be stated clearly. Possible meanings are 1) a sea is spoken of as if it were glass. AT: "a sea that was as smooth as glass" or 2) glass if spoken of as if it were a sea. AT: "glass that was spread out like a sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# like crystal + +How it was like crystal can be stated clearly. AT: "clear as crystal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# In the middle of the throne and around the throne + +"Immediately around the throne" or "Close to the throne and around it" + +# four living creatures + +"four living beings" or "four living things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/04/07.md b/rev/04/07.md index 916d4039dd..6a09ad616e 100644 --- a/rev/04/07.md +++ b/rev/04/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## who was, and who is, and who is to come ## +# living creature -God is present at all times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"living being" or "living thing." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](./06.md) + +# full of eyes on top and underneath + +The top and bottom of each wing was covered with eyes. + +# who is to come + +Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/04/09.md b/rev/04/09.md index 3c2ddfa101..6fee1f1715 100644 --- a/rev/04/09.md +++ b/rev/04/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## forever and ever ## +# the one who was seated on the throne, the one who lives forever and ever -These two words share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +This is one person. The one who was seated on the throne lives forever and ever. -## our Lord and our God ## +# forever and ever -the speakers, but not the hearer (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +These two words mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. AT: "for all eternity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## they existed and were created ## +# twenty-four elders -The words “existed” and “created” share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. \ No newline at end of file +"24 elders." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# prostrated themselves + +They lay down facing the ground. + +# they threw down their crowns before the throne + +These were likenesses of wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads. The elders were showing that they were submitting to God's authority to rule. AT: "they threw down their crowns before the throne to show that they were submitting to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# our Lord and our God + +"our Lord and God." This is one person, the one who was sitting on the throne. + +# to receive glory and honor and power + +These are things that God always has. Being praised for having them is spoken of as receiving them. AT: "to be praised for your glory, honor, and power" or "for everyone to praise you because you are glorious, honorable, and powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/04/intro.md b/rev/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0f90197aeb --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Revelation 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations set apart the sayings of the four living creatures ([Revelation 4:8](./07.md)) and the twenty-four elders ([Revelation 4:11](./09.md)). This is typically done through the use of indentation. + +This chapter begins the remainder of the book of Revelation and it is markedly different than the first three chapters. It now describes an unfolding image John sees in his vision. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Glory ##### +The whole of this chapter is an image describing a scene in heaven where everything constantly gives glory to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Simile ##### +The description of the person sitting on the throne contains many similes. Many cultures do not have these specific gem stones and it is possible that these have symbolic significance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Difficult images ##### +There are many images that may appear difficult or impossible. For example, bolts of lighting coming from the throne, lamps that are the seven spirits of God or a sea in front of the throne. It is best to allow these difficulties to remain in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/05/01.md b/rev/05/01.md index 03f9a29f38..7ebd5590c2 100644 --- a/rev/05/01.md +++ b/rev/05/01.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +John continues to describe what he saw in his vision of the throne of God. + +# Then I saw + +"After I saw those things, I saw" + +# the one who was seated on the throne + +This is the same "one" as in [Revelation 4:2-3](../04/01.md). + +# a scroll written on the front and on the back + +"a scroll with writing on the front and the back" + +# sealed with seven seals + +"and it had seven seals keeping it closed" + +# Who is worthy to open the scroll and break its seals? + +The person would need to break the seals in order to open the scroll. AT: "Who is worthy to break the seals and open the scroll?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) + +# Who is worthy to open the scroll and break its seals? + +This can be translated as a command: "The one who is worthy to do this should come to break the seals and open the scroll!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/05/03.md b/rev/05/03.md index b5b9c59028..f7d50e897d 100644 --- a/rev/05/03.md +++ b/rev/05/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## Root of David ## +# in heaven or on the earth or under the earth -AT: "descendant and heir of King David" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +This means everywhere: the place where God and the angels live, the place where people and animals live, and the place where those who have died are. AT: "anywhere in heaven or on the earth or under the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Look + +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" + +# The Lion of the tribe of Judah + +This is a title for the man from the tribe of Judah that God had promised would be the great king. AT: "The one who is called the Lion of the tribe of Judah" or "The king who is called the Lion of the tribe of Judah" + +# The Lion + +The king is spoken of as if he were a lion because a lion is very strong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Root of David + +This is a title for the descendant of David that God had promised would be the great king. AT: "the one who is called the Root of David" + +# the Root of David + +The descendant is spoken of as if David's family were a tree and he were a root of that tree. AT: "the Descendant of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/05/06.md b/rev/05/06.md index 03f9a29f38..f6a2f4153f 100644 --- a/rev/05/06.md +++ b/rev/05/06.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The Lamb appears in the throne room. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) + +# a Lamb + +A "lamb" is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# seven spirits of God + +The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The "seven spirits" refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# sent out over all the earth + +This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "that God sent out over all the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# He went + +He approached the throne. Some languages would use the verb "come." AT: "He came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/05/08.md b/rev/05/08.md index c4930dcd5d..c921564159 100644 --- a/rev/05/08.md +++ b/rev/05/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## When he took the scroll ## +# the Lamb -The word "he' here refers to the lamb. \ No newline at end of file +This is a young male sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# twenty-four elders + +"24 elders." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# prostrated themselves + +"lay down on the ground." Their faces were toward the ground. + +# Each of them + +Possible meanings are 1) "each of the elders and living creatures" or 2) "each of the elders." + +# a golden bowl full of incense, which is the prayers of the believers + +The incense here is a symbol for the believers' prayers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/05/09.md b/rev/05/09.md index 1bb08cc6e7..bfb03d2beb 100644 --- a/rev/05/09.md +++ b/rev/05/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## They ## +# For you were slaughtered -The word "They" here refers to the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "For they slaughtered you" or "For people killed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For you were slaughtered - ## +# slaughtered -** AT: "For they killed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +If your language has a word for killing an animal for a sacrifice, consider using it here. + +# with your blood + +Since blood represents a person's life, losing the blood represents dying. This probably means "by your death" or "by dying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# you purchased people for God + +"you bought people so that they could belong to God" or "you paid the price so that people could belong to God" + +# from every tribe, language, people, and nation + +This means that people from every ethnic group are included. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/05/11.md b/rev/05/11.md index 8071f4190f..69ee5498b7 100644 --- a/rev/05/11.md +++ b/rev/05/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## 200,000,000 ## +# ten thousands of ten thousands and thousands of thousands -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +Use an expression in your language that shows that it is a huge number. AT: "millions" or "too many thousands to count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# Worthy is the Lamb who has been slaughtered + +"The Lamb who has been slaughtered is worthy" + +# to receive power, wealth, wisdom, strength, honor, glory, and praise + +These are all things that the Lamb has. Being praised for having them is spoken of as receiving them. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns. See how you translated a similar sentence in [Revelation 4:11](../04/09.md). AT: "for everyone to honor, glorify, and praise him because he is powerful, wealthy, wise, and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/05/13.md b/rev/05/13.md index 03f9a29f38..bd3bc10cdd 100644 --- a/rev/05/13.md +++ b/rev/05/13.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# in heaven and on the earth and under the earth + +This means everywhere: the place where God and the angels live, the place where people and animals live, and the place where those who have died are. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# To the one who sits on the throne and to the Lamb, be + +"May he who sits on the throne and the Lamb have" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/05/intro.md b/rev/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0732e1c98b --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Revelation 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations set apart the songs in [Revelation 5:9-10](./09.md), [Revelation 5:12](./11.md) and [Revelation 5:13](./13.md). This is typically done through the use of indentation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Sealed scroll ##### +A sealed scroll contains a written message hidden and waiting to be read. The scroll can only be read by the person with the authority to open it. + +##### Twenty-four elders ##### +This is probably a reference to church leaders, but the identity of the twenty-four elders is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### Christian prayers ##### +The prayers of Christians are connected with incense. Christian prayers have a good smell to God. He is pleased when Christians pray. + +##### Seven spirits of God ##### + +The exact meaning of this phrase is unclear. It is possibly a symbolic reference to the Holy Spirit with the number seven symbolizing "completeness." It may also not be symbolic, and reference seven spirits surrounding the throne of God. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +The "Lion of the tribe of Judah" and the "Root of David" are references to Jesus. They are metaphors and they function as titles for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/06/01.md b/rev/06/01.md index cffb478884..74110f11ec 100644 --- a/rev/06/01.md +++ b/rev/06/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## I ## +# Connecting Statement: -All of the "I's" here refer to John, the author. +John continues to describe the events that happened before the throne of God. The Lamb begins to open the seals on the scroll. -## opened one of the seven seals ## +# Come! -opened seal number one of the seven seals \ No newline at end of file +This is a command to one person, apparently the rider of the white horse who is spoken of in verse 2. + +# he was given a crown + +This kind of crown was a likeness of wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, probably hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads. This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "he received a crown" or "God gave him a crown (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a crown + +This was a wreath of olive branches or of laurel leaves like the wreaths that winning athletes received in contests at the time of John. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/06/03.md b/rev/06/03.md index 56cf469695..068004351a 100644 --- a/rev/06/03.md +++ b/rev/06/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## opened the second seal ## +# the second seal -opened seal number two +"the next seal" or "seal number two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## fiery red ## +# the second living creature -AT: "bright red" +"the next living creature" or "living creature number two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## its rider was given permission ## +# came out—fiery red -AT:" God gave permission to its rider…" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can the stated as a second sentence. AT: "came out. It was red like fire" or "came out. It was bright red" + +# To its rider was given permission + +This can be stated with an active verb. AT: "God gave permission to its rider" or "Its rider received person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# This rider was given a huge sword + +This can be stated with an active verb. AT: "This rider received a huge sword" or "God gave this rider a huge sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/06/05.md b/rev/06/05.md index 815d64a220..145ea298e0 100644 --- a/rev/06/05.md +++ b/rev/06/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## opened the third seal ## +# the third seal -opened seal number three +"the next seal" or "seal number three" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## choenix ## +# the third living creature -This refers to a specific measure that is about one liter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +"the next living creature" or "living creature number three" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## a measure of wheat ## +# a pair of scales -This refers to a specific measure that was equal to one liter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +a tool used for weighing things -## one denarius ## +# A choenix of wheat for one denarius -This coin was worth a day's wages.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file +Some languages might want a verb such as "cost" or "buy" in the sentence. There was very little wheat for all the people, so its price was very high. AT: "A choenix of wheat now costs one denarius" or "Buy a choenix of wheat with one denarius" + +# A choenix of wheat ... three choenices of barley + +a "choenix" was a specific measure that was about one liter. The plural of "choenix" is "choenices." AT: "one liter of wheat ... three liters of barley" or "one bowl of wheat ... three bowls of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# one denarius + +This coin was worth a day's wages. AT: "one silver coin" or "the pay for one day of work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) + +# But do not harm the oil and the wine + +If the oil and wine were harmed, there would be less of them for people to buy, and their prices would go up. + +# the oil and the wine + +These expressions probably stand for the olive oil harvest and the grape harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/06/07.md b/rev/06/07.md index 03f9a29f38..4fc71281f7 100644 --- a/rev/06/07.md +++ b/rev/06/07.md @@ -1 +1,23 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# the fourth seal + +"the next seal" or "seal number four" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# the fourth living creature + +"the next living creature" or "living creature number four" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# pale + +"grey." This is the color of a dead body, so its color is a symbol of death. + +# one-fourth of the earth + +Here "the earth" represents the people of the earth. AT: "one-fourth of the people on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# the sword + +A sword is a weapon, and here it represents war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with the wild animals of the earth + +This means that Death and Hades would cause the wild animals to attack and kill people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/06/09.md b/rev/06/09.md index ebd486f5cb..e736f6b9e0 100644 --- a/rev/06/09.md +++ b/rev/06/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## they held with conviction ## +# the fifth seal -AT: "they firmly believed" or "they strongly believed" \ No newline at end of file +"the next seal" or "seal number five" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# under the altar + +This may have been "at the base of the altar." + +# those who had been killed + +This can be translated with an active verb. AT "those whom others had killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# because of the word of God and the testimony which they held + +The word "held" here is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) holding the testimony refers to believing God's word and testimony. AT: "because they believed the word of God, which is his testimony" or 2) holding the testimony refers to testifying about the word of God. AT: "because they testified about the word of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# avenge our blood + +The word blood here represents their deaths. AT: "punish those who killed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# until the full number ... were to be killed + +This implies that God had decided that a certain number of people should be killed by their enemies. + +# their fellow servants and their brothers and sisters + +This is one group of people described in two ways: as servants and as brothers and sisters. AT: "their brothers and sisters who serve God with them" or "their fellow believers who serve God with them" + +# brothers and sisters + +Christians are often spoken of as being one another's brothers and sisters. AT: "fellow Christians" or "fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/06/12.md b/rev/06/12.md index 378bd8ecf8..8b2b73d536 100644 --- a/rev/06/12.md +++ b/rev/06/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## The sun became as black as sackcloth ## +# the sixth seal -the sun became very dark. \ No newline at end of file +"the next seal" or "seal number six" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# as black as sackcloth + +Sometimes sackcloth was made of black hair. People would wear sackcloth when they were mourning. The image of sackcloth is meant to lead people to think of death and mourning. AT: "as black as mourning clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# like blood + +The image of blood is meant to lead people to think of death. How it was like blood can be stated clearly. AT: "red like blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# just as a fig tree drops its unripe fruit when shaken by a stormy wind + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "just as a stormy wind shakes a fig tree and causes it to drop its unripe fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The sky vanished like a scroll that was being rolled up + +The sky was normally thought of as being strong like a sheet of metal, but now it was weak like a sheet of paper and easily torn and rolled up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/06/15.md b/rev/06/15.md index 8dc5e1776f..efa91202c1 100644 --- a/rev/06/15.md +++ b/rev/06/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## and the generals ## +# the generals -This word refers to the warriors who command in the battle, +This word refers to the warriors who command in the battle. -## hid in caves ## +# caves -AT: "hid in a large hole in the side of a hill" or "hid in a hole dug in the ground" +large holes in the sides of hills -## face of him ## +# the face of the one -The pronoun "him" refers to God. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to God. They did not want God to see them and punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# face + +Here "face" is used for the idea of "presence." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the great day of their wrath has come + +The day of their wrath refers to the time when they would punish wicked people. AT: "this is the terrible time when they will punish people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# has come + +Existing now is spoken of as having come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# their wrath + +"Their" refers to the one on the throne and the Lamb. + +# Who is able to stand? + +Surviving, or staying alive, is spoken of as standing. This question is used to express their great sadness and fear that no one will be able to survive when God punishes them. AT: "No one can survive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/06/intro.md b/rev/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bdf5c9b9d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# Revelation 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The image of the wrath of God in this chapter is intended to produce fear in those who hear these words. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Seven Seals ##### +There is disagreement over how these seals are attached to the scroll. It would be logical if they were all side-by-side but the scroll would only have revealed its contents after the last seal is broken. This is not how this chapter describes the scroll because each seal reveals a judgment. It is also commonly believed that the absent seventh seal uncovers the seven trumpet judgments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### Price Increases ##### +The prices of some things people will suddenly increase. People will not be able to afford the things they need to live. This is usually called "inflation." + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### The Lamb ##### +This is a reference to Jesus. In this chapter, it also functions as a title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Similes ##### +The author uses many different similes. This is because he is attempting to describe the image he sees in the vision. Therefore, he compares the images in this vision to everyday things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/07/01.md b/rev/07/01.md index 03f9a29f38..9c26236842 100644 --- a/rev/07/01.md +++ b/rev/07/01.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +John begins to describe a vision of 144,000 servants of God who become marked with seals. Their marking takes place after the Lamb opens the sixth seal and before he opens the seventh seal. + +# the four corners of the earth + +The earth is spoken of as if it were flat and square like a sheet of paper. The phrase "the four corners" refers to the north, south, east, and west. + +# the seal of the living God + +The word "seal" here refers to a tool that is used to press a mark onto a wax seal. In this case the tool would be used to put a mark on God's people. AT: "the marker" or "stamp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# put a seal on the foreheads + +The word "seal" here refers to a mark. This mark shows that the people belong to God and that he will protect them. AT: "put a mark on the foreheads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# foreheads + +The forehead is the top of the face, above the eyes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/07/04.md b/rev/07/04.md index 0f92fbe03e..5c05d7fc4a 100644 --- a/rev/07/04.md +++ b/rev/07/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## who were sealed ## +# those who were sealed -AT: "who had the the mark of God upon them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated with an active verb. AT: "those whom God's angel marked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## twelve thousand ## +# 144,000 -12, 000 in each tribe (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"one hundred forty-four thousand people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## 144,000 ## +# twelve thousand from the tribe -These are the twelve groups of 12,000 from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -## every tribe of the people of Israel ## - -There were twelve tribes in Israel, each named for one of Jacob's sons. \ No newline at end of file +"12,000 people from the tribe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/07/07.md b/rev/07/07.md index eb024e37fd..2180d74f80 100644 --- a/rev/07/07.md +++ b/rev/07/07.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -This continues the selection from the tribe of Israel. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +This continues the list of the people of Israel who were sealed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/07/09.md b/rev/07/09.md index 924cb5886f..eba016c6b2 100644 --- a/rev/07/09.md +++ b/rev/07/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## standing before the throne and in front of the Lamb ## +# General Information: -AT: "standing in front of the throne and the Lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +John begins to describe a second vision about a multitude praising God. This is a different group of people than the 144,000 people who become marked with seals. This vision also takes place after the Lamb opens the sixth seal and before he opens the seventh seal. -## white robes ## +# a huge multitude -Here the color "white" represents purity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"a huge crowd" or "a great number of people" -## Salvation belongs ... to the Lamb ## +# white robes -AT: "Our God, who sits on the throne, and the Lamb, saved us" or "Salvation comes from our God who sits on the throne, and from the Lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the color "white" represents purity. + +# Salvation belongs to + +"Salvation comes from" + +# Salvation belongs ... to the Lamb + +They were praising God and the Lamb. The noun "salvation" can be expressed with the verb "save." AT "Our God, who sits on the throne, and the Lamb have saved us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/07/11.md b/rev/07/11.md index 91a600961b..6ae98abb27 100644 --- a/rev/07/11.md +++ b/rev/07/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## All the angels ... living creatures ## +# the four living creatures -AT: "All the angels stood around the throne and the elders and the four living creatures" +These are the four creatures mentioned in [Revelation 4:6-8](../04/06.md). -## the four living creatures ## +# they prostrated themselves on their faces -These are the four creatures mentioned in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md). +They lay down facing the ground. See how you translated a similar expression in [Revelation 4:10](../04/09.md). -## Praise, glory ... be to our God ## +# Praise, glory ... be to our God -AT: "Our God is worthy of all praise, glory, wisdom, thanks, honor, power and strength" +"Our God is worthy of all praise, glory, wisdom, thanks, honor, power and strength" -## forever and ever ## +# Praise, glory ... thanksgiving, honor ... be to our God -These two words are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The verb "give" can be used to show how praise, glory, and honor, are to be "to" God. AT: "We must give praise, glory, thanks, and honor to our God" + +# forever and ever + +These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the praise will never end. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/07/13.md b/rev/07/13.md index ac9f9bf6a1..fd4ab8bd22 100644 --- a/rev/07/13.md +++ b/rev/07/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## They have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb ## +# clothed with white robes -The color "white" represents purity, and "blood" is compared to water, which usually makes things clean. Purity is achieved by being "washed" or covered by Christ's blood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +These white robes showed that they were righteous. + +# have come out of the great tribulation + +"have survived the great tribulation" or "have lived through the great tribulation" + +# the great tribulation + +"the time of terrible suffering" or "the time when people will suffer terribly" + +# They have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb + +Being made righteous by the blood of the Lamb is spoken of as washing their robes in his blood. AT: "They have been made righteous by washing their robes white in his blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the blood of the Lamb + +The word "blood" is used to refer to the death of Lamb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/07/15.md b/rev/07/15.md index 48eb08ab86..becc0f1770 100644 --- a/rev/07/15.md +++ b/rev/07/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## they, them, their ## +# Connecting Statement: -All of these pronouns refer to those who have come through the Great Tribulation. +The elder continues to speak to John. -## The sun will not beat down ## +# they ... them ... their -This means the sun will no longer cause the people to suffer because of the heat. \ No newline at end of file +All of these refer to those people who have come through the Great Tribulation. + +# day and night + +These two parts of the day are used together to mean "all the time" or "without stopping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# will spread his tent over them + +"will put his tent up over them." Protecting them is spoken of as if he were giving them shelter to live under. AT: "will shelter them" or "will protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The sun will not beat down + +The sun's heat is compared to punishment that causes people to suffer. AT: "The sun will not burn them" or "The sun will not make them weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the Lamb in the middle of the throne + +"the Lamb, who is standing in the middle of the area around the throne," or "the Lamb is who is at the throne" + +# For the Lamb ... will be their shepherd + +The elder speaks of the Lamb's care for his people as if it were a shepherd's care for his sheep. AT: "For the Lamb ... will be like a shepherd to them" or "For the Lamb ... will care for them as a shepherd cares for his sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he will guide them to springs of living water + +The elder speaks of what gives life as if it were springs of fresh water. AT: "he will guide them like a shepherd guiding his sheep to fresh water" or "he will guide them to life like a shepherd guiding his sheep to living water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# God will wipe away every tear from their eyes + +Tears here represent sadness. AT: "God will wipe away their sadness, like wiping away tears" or "God will cause them to not be sad anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/07/intro.md b/rev/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..219ce51045 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Revelation 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Many scholars believe the first half of this chapter is about a great revival among the Israelites, in which 144,000 people will come to believe in Jesus. The second half of this chapter tells about a great revival among the Gentiles, in which countless Gentiles will come to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +The ULB has set apart 7:5-8 and 7:15-17 through the use of indentation. These passages are extended prophecies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Worship ##### +The people in this chapter respond to these events with repentance and worship. This is the proper response to the information contained in this book. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]]) + +##### The Great Tribulation ##### +This is a period when the people of the earth will be greatly punished by God. There is some disagreement about this period but many scholars believe it is a reference to the last half of the seven years of tribulation prophesied in Revelation 4-19 and in the rest of Scripture. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### The Lamb ##### +This is a reference to Jesus. In this chapter, it also functions as a title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/08/01.md b/rev/08/01.md index 42864e0ac9..d680859a9c 100644 --- a/rev/08/01.md +++ b/rev/08/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## seven trumpets were given to them ## +# Connecting Statement: -Possible meanings: 1) God gave them seven trumpets or 2) the Lamb gave them seven trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The Lamb opens the seventh seal. + +# the seventh seal + +This is the last of the seven seals on the scroll. AT: "the next seal" or "the final seal" or "seal number seven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# seven trumpets were given to them + +They were each given one trumpet. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "God gave them seven trumpets" or 2) "the Lamb gave them seven trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/08/03.md b/rev/08/03.md index 03f9a29f38..8d731ff0b3 100644 --- a/rev/08/03.md +++ b/rev/08/03.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# he would offer it + +"he would offer the incense to God by burning it" + +# the angel's hand + +This refers to the bowl in the angel's hand. AT: "the bowl in the angel's hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# filled it with fire + +The word "fire" here probably refers to burning coals. AT: "filled it with burning coals" or "filled it with coals of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/08/06.md b/rev/08/06.md index 62aa42406d..8679b1db9a 100644 --- a/rev/08/06.md +++ b/rev/08/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## It was thrown down onto the earth ## +# General Information: -AT: "The angel threw it down onto the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The seven angels sound the seven trumpets, one at a time. -## a third of it was burned up, a third of the trees was burned up, and all green grass was burned up ## +# It was thrown down onto the earth -AT: "it burned up a third of the earth, it burned up a third of the trees, and it burned up all green grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The angel threw the hail and fire mixed with blood down onto the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a third of it was burned up, a third of the trees were burned up, and all the green grass was burned up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "it burned up a third of the earth, a third of the trees, and all the green grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/08/08.md b/rev/08/08.md index 72db4eb96b..a077458894 100644 --- a/rev/08/08.md +++ b/rev/08/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## something like a great mountain burning with fire was thrown ## +# The second angel -"the angel threw something like a great mountain burning with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"The next angel" or "Angel number two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## A third of the sea became blood, a third of the living creatures in the sea died, and a third of the ships were destroyed ## +# something like a great mountain burning with fire was thrown -AT: "It caused a third of the sea to become blood, a third of the living creatures in the sea to die, and a third of the ships to be destroyed" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the angel threw something like a great mountain burning with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## became blood ## +# A third of the sea became blood -Possible meanings: 1) "became red like blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and UDB) 2) literally "became blood." \ No newline at end of file +The fraction "A third" can be explained in translation. AT: "It was like the sea was divided into three parts, and one of those parts became blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# became blood + +Possible meanings are it 1) "became red like blood" or it 2) really became blood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the living creatures in the sea + +"the things living in the sea" or "the fish and other animals that lived in the sea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/08/10.md b/rev/08/10.md index 0c5ff1712e..f4ed70be63 100644 --- a/rev/08/10.md +++ b/rev/08/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## and a huge star fell from the sky, blazing like a torch ## +# a huge star fell from the sky, blazing like a torch -"and a huge star that was blazing like a torch fell from the sky." The fire of the huge star looked similar to the fire of a torch. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"a huge star that was blazing like a torch fell from the sky." The fire of the huge star looked similar to the fire of a torch. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## torch ## +# torch a stick with one end lit on fire to provide light -## The name of the star is Wormwood ## +# The name of the star is Wormwood -The star is named "Wormwood" after a plant with a bitter taste. +Wormwood is a shrub that tastes bitter. People made medicine out of it, but they also believed that it was poisonous. AT: "The name of the star is Bitterness" or "The name of the star is Bitter Medicine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## wormwood ## +# became wormwood -poisoned by the star. AT: "bitter" (UDB) or "poisoned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The bitter taste of the water is spoken of as if it were wormwood. AT: "became bitter like wormwood" or "became bitter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# died from the waters that became bitter + +"died when they drank the bitter water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/08/12.md b/rev/08/12.md index 7eea81f279..82e356aa6a 100644 --- a/rev/08/12.md +++ b/rev/08/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## a third of the sun was struck ## +# a third of the sun was struck -AT: "darkness covered a third of the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Causing something bad to happen to the sun is spoken of as striking, or hitting, it. This can be stated with an active verb. AT: "a third of the sun changed" or "God changed a third of the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a third of them turned dark + +Possible meanings are 1) "one third of the time they were dark" or 2) "one third of the sun, one third of the moon, and one third of the stars became dark" + +# a third of the day and a third of the night had no light + +"there was no light during one third of the day and one third of the night" or "they did not shine during one third of the day and one third of the night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/08/13.md b/rev/08/13.md index 68064f1696..0a827e87cd 100644 --- a/rev/08/13.md +++ b/rev/08/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## because of the remaining trumpet blasts that are about to be sounded by the three angels ## +# because of the remaining trumpet ... angels -AT: "because the three angels who have not yet made their trumpets sound are about to sound them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because the three angels who have not yet sounded their trumpets are about to sound them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/08/intro.md b/rev/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..82a81be4ef --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Revelation 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Seven seals ##### +There is disagreement over how these seals are attached to the scroll. It would be logical if they were all side by side, but the scroll would only have revealed its contents after the last seal is broken. This is not how this chapter describes the scroll because each seal reveals a judgment. It is also commonly held that the absent seventh seal uncovers the seven trumpet judgments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Passive voice ##### +The passive voice is frequently used in this chapter to hide the identity of the the subject performing the action. This will be difficult to convey if the translator's language does not have a passive voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +##### Similes ##### +The author uses many different similes. This is because he is attempting to describe the image he sees in the vision. Therefore, he compares the images in this vision to everyday things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/01.md b/rev/09/01.md index 81dc8b2cff..507098d952 100644 --- a/rev/09/01.md +++ b/rev/09/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## shaft ## +# Connecting Statement: -a long and narrow path under the ground +The fifth of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet. -## deep and endless ## +# I saw a star from heaven that had fallen -AT: "endlessly deep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) +John saw the star after it had fallen. He did not watch if fall. -## column of smoke ## +# the key to the shaft of the bottomless pit -a tall cloud of smoke rising up from a fire (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the key that unlocks the shaft of the bottomless pit" + +# the shaft of the bottomless pit + +Possible meanings are 1) "shaft" is another way of referring to the pit and describes it as long and narrow, or 2) "shaft" refers to the opening of the pit. + +# the bottomless pit + +This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. + +# like smoke from a huge furnace + +A huge furnace gives off a great amount of thick, dark smoke. AT: "like the great amount of smoke that comes from a huge furnace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/03.md b/rev/09/03.md index 67119ccbea..997d455d3b 100644 --- a/rev/09/03.md +++ b/rev/09/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## locusts ## +# locusts -insects that fly together in large groups (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +insects that fly together in large groups. People fear them because they can eat up all the leaves in gardens and on trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## power like that of scorpions ## +# power like that of scorpions -Scorpions have the power to sting and poison other animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Scorpions have the ability to sting and poison other animals and people. AT: "the ability to sting people as scorpions do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## scorpions ## +# scorpions -small animals with poisonous stingers like bees' stingers on their tails +small insects with poisonous stingers on their tails. Their sting is extremely painful and the pain lasts a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## forehead ## +# They were told not to damage the grass on the earth or any green plant or tree -The top of the face, above the eyes. \ No newline at end of file +Ordinary locusts were a terrible threat to people because when they swarm, they can eat up all the grass and all the leaves on plants and trees. These locusts were told not to do this. + +# but only the people + +The phrase "to damage" or "to harm" is understood. AT: "but only to harm the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the seal of God + +The word "seal" here refers to a tool that is used to press a mark onto a wax seal. In this case the tool would be used to put a mark on God's people. See how you translated "seal" in [Revelation 7:3](../07/01.md). AT: "the marker of God" or "stamp of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# foreheads + +The forehead is the top of the face, above the eyes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/05.md b/rev/09/05.md index e6ec924931..7773f2aff3 100644 --- a/rev/09/05.md +++ b/rev/09/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## They ## +# They were not given permission -the locusts ([Revelation 9:3](./03.md)) +"They" refers to the locusts. ([Revelation 9:03](./03.md)) -## those people ## +# those people the people whom the locusts were stinging -## long ## +# but only to torture them -desire \ No newline at end of file +Here the words "given permission" are understood. AT: "but only given permission to torture them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# to torture them for five months + +The locusts would be allowed to do this for five months. + +# to torture them + +"to make them suffer terrible pain" + +# the sting of a scorpion + +A scorpion is a small insect with a poisonous stinger at the end of its long tail. The sting can cause severe pain or even death. + +# people will seek death, but will not find it + +This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "death." AT: "people will try to find a way to die, but will not find it" or "people will try to kill themselves, but will not find a way to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# will greatly desire to die + +"will want very much to die" or "will wish that they could die" + +# death will flee from them + +John speaks of death as if it were a person or animal that could run away. AT: "they will not be able to die" or "they will not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/07.md b/rev/09/07.md index 1f6dbe597b..03c89feb13 100644 --- a/rev/09/07.md +++ b/rev/09/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## The locusts ## +# General Information: -The locusts are described by comparing them to familiar things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +These locusts did not look like ordinary locusts. John describes them by telling how parts of them looked like other things. + +# crowns of gold + +These were likenesses of wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/10.md b/rev/09/10.md index 9ce55c1e3f..45fddb5f38 100644 --- a/rev/09/10.md +++ b/rev/09/10.md @@ -1,9 +1,23 @@ -John continues to describe the locusts. +# They had tails -## deep and endless ## +The word "They" refers to the locusts. -See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](./01.md). +# with stingers like scorpions -## Abaddon...Apollyon ## +A scorpion is a small insect with a poisonous stinger at the end of its long tail. The sting can cause severe pain or even death. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 9:6](./05.md). AT: "with stingers like scorpion stingers" or "with stingers that could cause terrible pain as scorpion stingers can" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -Both names mean "destruction." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +# in their tails they had power to harm people for five months + +Possible meanings are 1) they had power for five months to harm people or 2) they could sting people and the people would be in pain for five months. + +# the bottomless pit + +This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](./01.md). + +# Abaddon ... Apollyon + +Both names mean "Destroyer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +# there are still two disasters to come + +Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/13.md b/rev/09/13.md index d1ac5e35d3..9c7131512e 100644 --- a/rev/09/13.md +++ b/rev/09/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## horns of the golden altar ## +# Connecting Statement: -Things shaped like horns that were at the four corners of the top of the altar. +The sixth of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet. -## for that very hour, that day, that month, and that year ## +# I heard a voice coming -These words are used to show that one exact time, not a general time, is meant. AT: "for that exact time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The voice refers to the one who was speaking. John does not say who the speaker was, but it may have been God. AT: "I heard someone speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# horns of the golden altar + +These are horn-shaped extensions at each of the four corners of the top of the altar. + +# The voice said + +The voice refers to the speaker. AT: "The speaker said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The four angels who had been prepared for ... that year, were released + +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "The angel released the four angels who had been prepared for ... that year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The four angels who had been prepared + +This can be stated with an active form. AT: "The four angels whom God had prepared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for that hour, that day, that month, and that year + +These words are used to show that there is a specific, chosen time and not just any time. AT: "for that exact time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/16.md b/rev/09/16.md index 4169d8642e..52a250c965 100644 --- a/rev/09/16.md +++ b/rev/09/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## 200,000,00 ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:11](../05/11.md). \ No newline at end of file +Suddenly, 200,000,000 soldiers on horseback appear in John's vision. John is no longer speaking about the four angels mentioned in the previous verse. + +# 200,000,000 + +Some ways to express this are: "two hundred million" or "two hundred thousand thousand" or "twenty thousand times ten thousand." If your language does not have a specific number for this, you could also see how you translated a similar large number in [Revelation 5:11](../05/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# fiery red + +"red like fire" or "bright red." See how you translated this in [Revelation 6:3](../06/03.md). + +# sulfurous yellow + +"yellow like sulfur" or "bright yellow like sulfur" + +# out of their mouths came fire, smoke, and sulfur + +"fire, smoke, and sulfur came out of their mouths" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/18.md b/rev/09/18.md index 417e3049b3..5d2b46d0bb 100644 --- a/rev/09/18.md +++ b/rev/09/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## their tails were like snakes ## +# Connecting Statement: -The horses' tails are compared to snakes. Possible meanings: 1) "their tails had heads like snakes" (UDB) or 2) "their tails were thin with a large end and looked similar to a snake." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +John continues to describe the horses and the plagues brought upon humanity. + +# A third of the people + +"One third of the people." See how you translated "A third" in [Revelation 8:7](../08/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# For the power of the horses was in their mouths and in their tails + +The abstract noun "power" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "For it was the horses' mouths and tails that were so powerful" or "for it was the horses' mouths and tails that were able to hurt people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/20.md b/rev/09/20.md index b451a90d9a..ab3f39aec2 100644 --- a/rev/09/20.md +++ b/rev/09/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## those who were not killed by these plagues ## +# those who were not killed by these plagues -"those whom the plagues had not killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom the plagues had not killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## things that cannot see, hear, or walk ## +# things that cannot see, hear, or walk -idols. AT: "things that are not alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase reminds us that idols are not alive and do not deserve to be worshiped. But the people did not stop worshiping them. AT: "even though idols cannot see, hear, or walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/09/intro.md b/rev/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cee814e536 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +# Revelation 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter continues the seven trumpet judgments. This chapter and the previous one form a single unit. + +##### Woe ##### +There are several specific "woes" mentioned in the book of Revelation. This chapter contains the first of these woes. It is possible that these have some structural significance or importance to the chronology of the events of Revelation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Animal imagery ##### +Animal imagery is common in this book, as well as very common in this chapter. The people of the ancient Near East probably viewed these animals as having some "trait" that typified the animal. For example, a lion is often seen as powerful. The translator should not try to determine the meaning of each of these images. + +##### Bottomless pit ##### +This is a common image in the book of Revelation that portrays hell. It emphasizes that hell is inescapable. It is described as being down, in opposition to heaven which is considered up. This emphasizes that neither is on earth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]]) + +##### Abaddon and Apollyon ##### + +These are words in Hebrew and Greek. John does not translate these words but chooses to transliterate them by substituting Greek letters for the Hebrew letters. The translators of the ULB and the UDB have not translated the meaning of these words in the ULB, but have rendered them both as "Destroyer" in the UDB. It is preferable to try to form the sounds of these words without translating their meaning. + +##### Repentance ##### +This chapter mentions the theme of repentance. Despite these great miracles, the people are said to avoid repentance and remain in their sin. One should not lose sight of this theme when reading the book of Revelation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Symbol ##### +Satan is often described as a fallen angel. Since stars are symbols for angels in the book of Revelation, the phrase "a star from heaven that had fallen" probably symbolizes Satan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### Simile ##### +There are many similes in this chapter. Their purpose is to describe the complex images that John sees in his vision. Therefore, they serve more of a practical rather than poetic function. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The people who did not have the seal of God" ##### +It is best to leave the meaning of this phrase unclear in translation, if possible. Many scholars believe the seal to be a mark made to distinguish believers from unbelievers in this time of tribulation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/10/01.md b/rev/10/01.md index 03f9a29f38..f35bb5b183 100644 --- a/rev/10/01.md +++ b/rev/10/01.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +John begins to describe a vision of a mighty angel holding a scroll. In John's vision he is viewing what is happening from earth. This takes place between the blowing of the sixth and seventh trumpets. + +# He was robed in a cloud + +John speaks of the angel as if he were wearing a cloud as his clothing. This expression may be understood as metaphor. However, because very unusual things were often seen in visions, it might be understood as a literally true statement in its context. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# His face was like the sun + +John compares the brightness of his face with the brightness of the sun. AT: "His face was bright like the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# his feet were like pillars of fire + +The word "feet" refers to the legs. AT: "his legs were like pillars of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# He put his right foot on the sea and his left foot on the land + +"He stood with his right foot on the sea and his left foot on the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/10/03.md b/rev/10/03.md index 03f9a29f38..4d29e3787c 100644 --- a/rev/10/03.md +++ b/rev/10/03.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Then he shouted + +"Then the angel shouted" + +# the seven thunders spoke out + +The thunder is described as if it were a person who could speak. AT: "the seven thunders made a loud noise" or "the thunder sounded very loudly seven times" + +# seven thunders + +Thunder occurring seven times is spoken of as if it were seven different "thunders." + +# but I heard a voice from heaven + +The word "voice" refers to words spoken by someone other than the angel. AT: "but I heard someone speaking from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/10/05.md b/rev/10/05.md index 997c6a71b2..f0b2cee8d2 100644 --- a/rev/10/05.md +++ b/rev/10/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## him who lives forever and ever ## +# raised his right hand to heaven -"Him" refers to God. +He did this to show that he was swearing by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## all that is in it (3 times) ## +# He swore by the one who lives forever and ever -This refers to all the plants, animals, and humans that live in the air, in the sea, or on the land. +"He asked that what he was going to say would be confirmed by the one who lives forever and ever" -## will be accomplished ## +# the one who lives forever and ever -"is about to take place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "the one" refers to God. + +# There will be no more delay + +"There will be no more waiting" or "God will not delay" + +# the mystery of God will be accomplished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will accomplish his mystery" or "God will complete his secret plan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/10/08.md b/rev/10/08.md index 43d690d25a..d4d87f406f 100644 --- a/rev/10/08.md +++ b/rev/10/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## I ## +# Connecting Statement: -This refers to John. +John hears the voice from heaven, which he had heard in [Revelation 10:4](./03.md), speak to him again. -## bitter ## +# The voice I heard from heaven -This means that the message of the book will be upsetting or unpleasant. \ No newline at end of file +The word "voice" refers to the speaker. AT: "The one I heard speak from heaven" or "The one who had spoken to me from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# I + +The word "I" here refers to John. + +# He said to me + +"The angel said to me" + +# bitter + +"sour" or "acid." This refers to a bad taste from the stomach after eating something that is not good. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/10/10.md b/rev/10/10.md index 03f9a29f38..fd8b3e7840 100644 --- a/rev/10/10.md +++ b/rev/10/10.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# languages + +This refers to the people who speak the languages. AT: "many language communities" or "many groups of people who speak their own languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/10/intro.md b/rev/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a3d69f7a5b --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Revelation 10 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Seven thunders ##### +It is unclear what is meant by the seven thunders. It is perfectly acceptable for the translator to not understand this phrase and translate it as "seven thunders." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### "The mystery of God" ##### +It is uncertain what this references. It is not the "mystery" that Paul describes, namely the church. It probably does share the meaning of being something that is currently hidden or unknown, which will be revealed at this time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "Coming down from heaven" ##### +Heaven is frequently said to be "up." The reason for this is to emphasize that heaven is not located on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Simile ##### +There are many different similes used to describe the mighty angel. The similes are used to try to describe what John sees by relating it to everyday things. The rainbow and cloud, however, should be understood as literal, since they are not part of any simile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Scrolls ##### +The scroll mentioned in this chapter is different from the scrolls which have been the subject of much of the book of Revelation to this point. It is called the "little scroll" here. The translator should ensure the reader is aware that there is more than one scroll. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/01.md b/rev/11/01.md index 23bc9141fe..46ed2df98b 100644 --- a/rev/11/01.md +++ b/rev/11/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## given to me…I was told ## +# General Information: + +John begins to describe a vision about receiving a measuring rod and two witnesses that God appointed. This vision also takes place between the blowing of the sixth and seventh trumpets. + +# A reed was given to me + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone gave me a reed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# given to me ... I was told The words "me" and "I" refer to John. -## trample ## +# those who worship in it -to treat something as worthless by walking on it. +"count those who worship in the temple" -## forty-two months ## +# trample -two months** - AT: "42 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +to treat something as worthless by walking on it + +# forty-two months + +"42 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/03.md b/rev/11/03.md index f04ada7394..80f2401212 100644 --- a/rev/11/03.md +++ b/rev/11/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## These witnesses are the two olive trees and the two lampstands ## +# Connecting Statement: -These two witnesses have previously been referred to as olive trees and lampstands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +God continues speaking to John. + +# for 1,260 days + +"for one thousand two hundred and sixty days" or "for twelve hundred and sixty days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# days, clothed in sackcloth + +Why they will wear sackcloth can be made explicit. AT: "days, wearing rough mourning clothes" or "days: they will wear scratchy clothes to show that they are very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# These witnesses are the two olive trees and the two lampstands that have stood before the Lord of the earth + +The two olive trees and the two lampstands symbolize these people, but they are not literally the people. AT: "The two olive trees and the two lampstands that have stood before the Lord of the earth represent these witnesses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# the two olive trees and the two lampstands + +John expects his readers to know about them because many years earlier another prophet had written about them. AT: "the two olive trees and the two lampstands, told about in scripture," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# fire comes out of their mouth and devours their enemies + +Because this is about future events, it can also be stated in the future tense. AT: "fire will come out of their mouth and devour their enemies" + +# fire ... devours their enemies + +Fire burning and killing people is spoken of as if it were an animal that could eat them up. AT: "fire ... will destroy their enemies" or "fire ... will completely burn up their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/06.md b/rev/11/06.md index 2fec07fece..bfa3e5db41 100644 --- a/rev/11/06.md +++ b/rev/11/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## to strike the earth with every kind of plague ## +# to close up the sky so that no rain will fall -This phrase refers to causing all kinds of trouble to happen on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +John speaks of the sky as if it had a door that can be opened to let rain fall or closed to stop the rain. AT: "to keep rain from falling from the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the deep and endless ## +# to strike the earth with every kind of plague -The word "endless" means without a bottom. Both of these words refer to the pit being very deep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +John speaks of the plagues as if they were a stick that someone could hit the earth with. AT: "to cause all kinds of trouble to occur on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# bottomless pit + +This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/08.md b/rev/11/08.md index 38060e7013..8a24283e02 100644 --- a/rev/11/08.md +++ b/rev/11/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## three and a half days ## +# Their bodies -"3 full days and one half day: or "3.5 days" or "3 1/2 days" (See: TranslateNumbers) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the bodies of the two witnesses. + +# in the street of the great city + +The city had more than one street. This was a public place where people could see them. AT: "in one of the streets of the great city" or "in the main street of the great city" + +# three and a half days + +"3 full days and one half day" or "3.5 days" or "3 1/2 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# their Lord + +They served the Lord, and like him would die in that city. + +# They will not permit them to be placed in a tomb + +This will be a sign of disrespect. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/10.md b/rev/11/10.md index 94e93fd768..79fa6a8f04 100644 --- a/rev/11/10.md +++ b/rev/11/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,35 @@ -## three and a half days ## +# will rejoice over them and celebrate -“3 full days and one half day: or “3.5 days” or “3 1/2 days” (See: TranslateNumbers) \ No newline at end of file +"will rejoice that the two witnesses have died" + +# even send gifts to one another + +This action shows how happy the people were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# because these two prophets tormented those who lived on the earth + +This is the reason that the people will be so happy that the witnesses have died. + +# three and a half days + +"3 full days and one half day" or "3.5 days" or "3 1/2 days." See how you translated this in [Revelation 11:9](./08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# a breath of life from God will enter them + +The ability to breathe is spoken of as if it were something that can go into people. AT: "God will cause the two witnesses to breathe again and live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Great fear will fall on those who see them + +Fear is spoken of as if it is a object that can fall on people. AT: "Those who see them will be extremely afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Then they will hear + +Possible meanings are 1) the two witnesses will hear or 2) the people will hear what is said to the two witnesses. + +# a loud voice from heaven + +The word "voice" refers to the one who speaks. AT: "someone speak loudly to them from heaven and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# say to them + +"say to the two witnesses" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/13.md b/rev/11/13.md index 886d1c2ab8..9650d230e3 100644 --- a/rev/11/13.md +++ b/rev/11/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## seven thousand people ## +# Seven thousand people -"7,000 people" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"7,000 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the survivors + +"those who do not die" or "those who are still living" + +# give glory to the God of heaven + +"say that the God of heaven is glorious" + +# The second woe is past + +"The second terrible event is over." See how you translated "The first woe is past" in [Revelation 9:12](../09/10.md). + +# The third woe is coming quickly + +Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. AT: "The third woe will happen soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/15.md b/rev/11/15.md index 03f9a29f38..20eed29d15 100644 --- a/rev/11/15.md +++ b/rev/11/15.md @@ -1 +1,23 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +The last of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet. + +# the seventh angel + +This is the last of the seven angels. See how you translated "seventh" in [Revelation 8.1](../08/01.md). AT: "the final angel" or "angel number seven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# loud voices spoke in heaven and said + +The phrase "loud voices" represents speakers who spoke loudly. AT: "speakers in heaven spoke loudly and said" + +# The kingdom of the world ... the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ + +Here "kingdom" refers to the authority to rule the world. AT: "The authority to rule the world ... the authority that belongs to our Lord and his Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the world + +This refers to everyone in the world. AT: "everyone in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ + +"Our Lord and his Christ are now the rulers of the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/16.md b/rev/11/16.md index 80a334bbdf..5fa7820d9d 100644 --- a/rev/11/16.md +++ b/rev/11/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## Twenty-four elders ## +# twenty-four elders -four elders** - "24 elders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"24 elders." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## with their faces down ## +# prostrated themselves on their faces -the front side of the whole body is being referred to as their "face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +They lay down facing the ground. See how you translated a similar expression in [Revelation 4:10](../04/09.md). + +# you, Lord God Almighty, the one who is and who was + +These phrases can be stated as sentences. AT: "you, Lord God, the ruler over all. You are the one who is, and you are the one who was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# the one who is + +"the one who exists" or "the one who lives" + +# who was + +"who has always existed" or "who has always lived" + +# you have taken your great power + +What God did with his great power can be stated clearly. AT: "you have defeated with your power everyone who has rebelled against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/18.md b/rev/11/18.md index 6ced71678e..7b0ed5a9e2 100644 --- a/rev/11/18.md +++ b/rev/11/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## your wrath…your servants…your name ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "your" in these phrases refers to God. +The twenty-four elders continue praising God. -## unimportant ## +# General Information: -AT: "lowly" or "low" or "of lower status" \ No newline at end of file +The words "you" and "your" refer to God. + +# were enraged + +"were extremely angry" + +# your wrath has come + +Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. AT: "You are ready to show your anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The time has come + +Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. AT: "The time is right" or "Now is the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). + +# the prophets, those who are believers, and those who feared your name + +This list explains what "your servants" means. These were not three completely different groups of people. The prophets also were believers and feared God's name. AT: "the prophets and the others who are believers and fear your name" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/19.md b/rev/11/19.md index 03f9a29f38..dcebd3f5b7 100644 --- a/rev/11/19.md +++ b/rev/11/19.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no notes for this chunk. \ No newline at end of file +# Then God's temple in heaven was opened + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then someone opened God's temple in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the ark of his covenant was seen within his temple + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I saw the ark of his covenant in his temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# flashes of lightning + +Use your language's way of describing what lightning looks like each time it appears. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:5](../04/04.md). + +# rumblings, crashes of thunder + +These are the loud noises that thunder makes. Use your language's way of describing the sound of thunder. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:5](../04/04.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/11/intro.md b/rev/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ebe09ab6c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# Revelation 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations set apart quotations. The lines of 11:15, 17-18, which are extended quotations, are indented in the ULB and many other English translations. + +##### Woe ##### + +There are several specific "woes" mentioned in the book of Revelation. This chapter contains the second and third of these woes. It is possible these have some structural significance or importance to the chronology of the events of Revelation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Gentiles ##### +The word "Gentiles" is used in this chapter to refer to ungodly Gentiles and not Gentile Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]) + +##### Two witnesses ##### +These two witnesses serve an important function as prophets during the time of Revelation. Scholars have put forth many suggestions about the identity of these two men. It is unknown and unimportant who they are. Instead, it is their indestructible nature and their message that is more significant and undeniable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +##### Bottomless pit ##### +This is a common image in the book of Revelation that portrays hell. It emphasizes hell is inescapable. It is described as being down, in opposition to heaven, which is considered as being up. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "These two prophets tormented those who lived on the earth" ##### +The two prophets are connected with a great deal of destruction, which will cause great harm to the people on the earth. This is not mean-spirited, but it is an effort to bring these people to repentance. But they will not repent. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### "The time has come for the dead to be judged" ##### +People will be judged after they die. Those who reject Jesus will suffer eternal punishment, while Christians will be rewarded for the faithfulness with which they lived their lives as Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/01.md b/rev/12/01.md index e5092a0d49..a06a5f936d 100644 --- a/rev/12/01.md +++ b/rev/12/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## A great sign was seen in heaven ## +# General Information: -AT: "A great sign appeared in heaven" or "I, John, saw a great sign in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +John begins to describe a woman who appears in his vision. -## a woman clothed with the sun ## +# A great sign was seen in heaven -AT: "a woman who was wearing the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "A great sign appeared in heaven" or "I, John, saw a great sign in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## twelve stars ## +# A woman clothed with the sun, and with the moon + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "A woman who was wearing the sun and had the moon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# a crown of twelve stars + +This was apparently a likeness of a wreath made of laurel leaves or olive branches, but with twelve stars included in it. + +# twelve stars "12 stars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/03.md b/rev/12/03.md index 0891a3d02a..0cb44507b3 100644 --- a/rev/12/03.md +++ b/rev/12/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## dragon ## +# Connecting Statement: -a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For the Jewish people it was a symbol of evil and chaos. \ No newline at end of file +John describes a dragon that appears in his vision. + +# dragon + +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# His tail swept away a third of the stars + +"With his tail he swept away a third of the stars" + +# a third + +"one third." See how you translated this in [Revelation 8:7](../08/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/05.md b/rev/12/05.md index c2c5167b68..fa812724e9 100644 --- a/rev/12/05.md +++ b/rev/12/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Her child was snatched away to God ## +# rule all the nations with an iron rod -AT: "God quickly took her child to himself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Ruling harshly is spoken of as ruling with an iron rod. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:27](../02/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Her child was snatched away to God + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God quickly took her child to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for 1,260 days + +"for one thousand two hundred and sixty days" or "for twelve hundred and sixty days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/07.md b/rev/12/07.md index 2214d4d33a..f3161c0d39 100644 --- a/rev/12/07.md +++ b/rev/12/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## dragon ## +# Now -See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](./03.md). The dragon is also identified in verse 9 as "the devil or Satan". +John uses this word to mark a shift in his account to introduce something else happening in his vision. -## The great dragon…was thrown down to earth… ## +# dragon -AT: God threw the great dragon and his angels out of heaven and sent them to earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified in verse 9 as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# So there was no longer any place in heaven for him and his angels + +"So the dragon and his angels could no longer stay in heaven" + +# dragon—that old serpent called the devil or Satan, who deceives the whole world—was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him + +The information about the serpent can be given in a separate sentence after the statement that it was thrown down to the earth. AT: "dragon was thrown down to earth, and his angels were thrown down with him. He is the old serpent who deceives the world and is called the devil or Satan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# The great dragon ... was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God threw the great dragon ... and his angels out of heaven and sent them to the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/10.md b/rev/12/10.md index c44d5180cd..bfc8c6ba4a 100644 --- a/rev/12/10.md +++ b/rev/12/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## I ## +# I -This refers to John. +The word "I" refers to John. -## day and night ## +# I heard a loud voice in heaven -The words “day and night” used together mean all the time; he is continually accusing the brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "voice" refers to someone who speaks. AT: "I heard someone saying loudly from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Now have come the salvation, the power, the kingdom of our God, and the authority of his Christ + +God saving people by his power is spoken of as if his salvation and power were things that have come. God's ruling and Christ's authority are also spoken of as if they have come. AT: "Now God has saved his people by his power, God rules as king, and his Christ has all authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# come + +"begun to really exist" or "appeared" or "become real." It is not that these things did not exist before, but now God is revealing them because their time to occur has "come." + +# the accuser of our brothers has been thrown down + +This is the dragon that was thrown down in [Revelation 12:9](./10.md). + +# our brothers + +Fellow believers are spoken of as if they were brothers. AT: "our fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# day and night + +These two parts of the day are used together to mean "all the time" or "without stopping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/11.md b/rev/12/11.md index b89c372fc6..5ae147a9da 100644 --- a/rev/12/11.md +++ b/rev/12/11.md @@ -1 +1,23 @@ -The loud voice from heaven continues to speak about believers in Christ who have been accused of sin by Satan. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +The loud voice from heaven continues to speak. + +# They conquered him + +"They conquered the accuser" + +# by the blood of the Lamb + +The blood refers to his death. AT: "because the lamb had shed his blood and died for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# by the word of their testimony + +The word "testimony" can be expressed with the verb "testify." Also who they testified about can be stated clearly. AT: "by what they said when they testified to others about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# even to death + +The believers told the truth about Jesus, even though they knew that their enemies might try to kill them because of it. AT: "but they kept testifying even though they knew that they might die for it" + +# He is filled with terrible anger + +The devil is spoken of as if he were a container, and anger is spoken of as if it were a liquid that could be in him. AT: "He is terribly angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/13.md b/rev/12/13.md index 9b1cefbf0e..4d8004595c 100644 --- a/rev/12/13.md +++ b/rev/12/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## dragon ## +# the dragon realized he had been thrown down to the earth -See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](./03.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the dragon realized that God had thrown him out of heaven and sent him to earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## dragon realized he had been was thrown down to earth ## +# he pursued the woman -AT: "dragon realized that God had thrown him out of heaven and sent him to earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"he chased after the woman" -## time, times, and half a time ## +# dragon -AT: "3.5 years" or "3 1/2 years" or "three whole years and one half year" \ No newline at end of file +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified in verse 9 as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# time, times, and half a time + +"three and half years" + +# the serpent + +This is another way of referring to the dragon. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/15.md b/rev/12/15.md index cd179ebc2e..7514f553ee 100644 --- a/rev/12/15.md +++ b/rev/12/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## serpent ## +# serpent -This is the same being as the dragon according [Revelation 12:7](./07.md). +This is the same being as the dragon mentioned earlier in [Revelation 12:9](./07.md). -## like a river ## +# like a river -AT: "in large volumes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The water flowed from his mouth like a river flows. AT: "in large volume" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## dragon ## +# to sweep her away -See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](./03.md). +"to wash her away" -## It opened its mouth and swallowed ## +# The earth opened its mouth and swallowed the river that the dragon was pouring out of his mouth -AT: "A hole in the ground opened up and the water went down into the hole." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The earth is spoken of as if it were a living thing, and a hole in the earth is spoken of as if it were a mouth that could drink up the water. AT: "A hole in the ground opened up and the water went down into the hole" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# dragon + +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified in verse 9 as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# hold to the testimony about Jesus + +The word "testimony" can be translated as a verb. AT: "continue to testify about Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/12/intro.md b/rev/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5ef056e205 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Revelation 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Many scholars believe the events of this chapter are both future and past. The author may shift between the events without shifting the tense in which he speaks. Despite this, John speaks as if these events are about to happen. + +Some translations set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:10-22, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Serpent ##### +The reference to Satan as the serpent is intended to have the reader remember the account of the temptation in the Garden of Eden. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +The woman is described using many different metaphors, but her identity is unclear. The chapter also speaks about the rise of the antichrist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "A great sign was seen in heaven" ##### +It is unclear whether this was seen by everybody on earth or whether it was only seen by John in his vision. The translator may have difficulty when the subject is unclear. In English, this is done through the use of the passive voice, but not every language has this construct. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/01.md b/rev/13/01.md index 1294414ab9..22d8d4b076 100644 --- a/rev/13/01.md +++ b/rev/13/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Then I saw ## +# General Information: -Here "I" refers to John. +John begins to describe a beast who appears in his vision. The word "I" here refers to John. -## dragon ## +# dragon -See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# The dragon gave his power to it + +The dragon made the beast as powerful as he was. He did not lose his power, however, by giving it to the beast. + +# his power ... his throne, and his great authority to rule + +These are three ways of referring to his authority, and together they emphasize that the authority was great. + +# his throne + +The word "throne" here refers to the dragon's authority to rule as king. AT: "his royal authority" or "his authority to rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/03.md b/rev/13/03.md index 19161a1a39..8545f76315 100644 --- a/rev/13/03.md +++ b/rev/13/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## But that wound had been healed ## +# but its fatal wound was healed -AT: "But that wound healed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but its fatal wound healed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## followed the beast ## +# fatal wound + +"deadly wound." This is an injury that is serious enough to cause a person to die. + +# The whole earth + +The word "earth" refers to the people on it. AT: "All the people on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# followed the beast "obeyed the beast" -## dragon ## +# dragon -See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## Who could ever fight against it? ## +# he had given his authority to the beast -AT: "No one could ever fight against the beast and win!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"he had caused the beast to have as much authority as he had" + +# Who is like the beast? + +This question shows how amazed they were about the beast. AT: "No one is as powerful as the beast!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Who can fight against it? + +This question shows how much the people feared the power of the beast. AT: "No one could ever fight against the beast and win!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/05.md b/rev/13/05.md index b50df0d8b6..67e8bfd5e0 100644 --- a/rev/13/05.md +++ b/rev/13/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## The beast was given...He was permitted ## +# The beast was given ... It was permitted -AT: "God gave the beast...God permitted the beast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave the beast ... God permitted the beast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## forty-two month ## +# The beast was given a mouth that could speak -two month** - “42 months” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +Being given a mouth refers to being allowed to speak. AT: "The beast was allowed to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## insulting his name ## +# forty-two months -AT: "insulting God's reputation or character" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"42 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# to speak blasphemies against God + +"to say disrespectful things about God" + +# blaspheming his name, the place where he lives, and those who live in heaven + +These phrases tell how the beast spoke blasphemies against God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/07.md b/rev/13/07.md index 4be30d8a1f..ac448a9e37 100644 --- a/rev/13/07.md +++ b/rev/13/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## authority was given to him ## +# authority was given to it -AT: "God gave authority to the beast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gave authority to the beast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## everyone whose name was not written ## +# every tribe, people, language, and nation -AT: "those whose names the Lamb did not write" or "those whose names Jesus did not write" +This means that people from every ethnic group are included. See how you translated a similar list in [Revelation 5:9](../05/09.md). -## Lamb ## +# will worship it -This refers to Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). +"will worship the beast" -## who was slaughtered ## +# everyone whose name was not written ... in The Book of Life -AT: "whom the people slaughtered" \ No newline at end of file +This phrase clarifies who on the earth will worship the beast. It can be stated in active form. AT: "those whose names the Lamb did not write ... in The Book of Life" or "those whose names were not ... in The Book of Life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# since the creation of the world + +"when God created the world" + +# the Lamb + +A "lamb" is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# who had been slaughtered + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom the people slaughtered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/09.md b/rev/13/09.md index 2696b6dbc5..7bf6015dc3 100644 --- a/rev/13/09.md +++ b/rev/13/09.md @@ -1,3 +1,35 @@ -## If anyone has an ear ## +# General Information: -This means to have the ability to hear and understand God's message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +These verses are a break from John's account of his vision. Here he give a warning to the people reading his account. + +# If anyone has an ear + +Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/06.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# If anyone is to be taken + +This expression means that someone has decided who should be taken. If needed, translators may state clearly who decided it. AT: "If God has decided that someone should be taken" or "If it is God's will that someone should be taken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If anyone is to be taken into captivity + +This can be stated in active form. The noun "captivity" can be stated with the verb "capture." AT: "If it is God's will for the enemy to capture a certain person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# into captivity he will go + +The noun "captivity" can be stated with the verb "capture." AT: "he will be captured" or "the enemy will capture him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# If anyone is to be killed with a sword + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If it is God's will for the enemy to kill a certain person with a sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# with a sword + +A sword represents war. AT: "in war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he will be killed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the enemy will kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Here is a call for patient endurance and faith for those who are holy + +"Those who are holy must endure patiently and be faithful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/11.md b/rev/13/11.md index c5678c4623..24b17cee08 100644 --- a/rev/13/11.md +++ b/rev/13/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## dragon ## +# Connecting Statement: -See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). +John begins to describe another beast who appears in his vision. -## and made the earth and those who live on it ## +# it spoke like a dragon -"and made everyone on the earth" +Harsh speech is spoken of as if it were the roar of a dragon. AT: "it spoke harshly like a dragon speaks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## the one whose lethal wound had been healed ## +# dragon -AT: "the one who had a lethal wound that healed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# the earth and those who live on it + +"everyone on the earth" + +# the one whose lethal wound had been healed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the one who had a lethal wound that healed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lethal wound + +"deadly wound." This was an injury that was serious enough that it could have made him die. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/13.md b/rev/13/13.md index 17a66d4849..853466ac9f 100644 --- a/rev/13/13.md +++ b/rev/13/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -## he performed ## +# It performed -"The beast from the earth performed" - -## who was wounded by the sword ## - -AT: "whom someone wounded with a sword" See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] \ No newline at end of file +"The beast from the earth performed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/15.md b/rev/13/15.md index 9c022b6b1f..bc7a1c6cad 100644 --- a/rev/13/15.md +++ b/rev/13/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## He was permitted ## +# It was permitted -AT: "God permitted the beast from the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God permitted the beast from the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to give breath to the image ## +# to give breath to the beast's image -AT: "to give life to the image" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "breath" represents life. AT: "to give life to the beast's image" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## to cause all who refused to worship the beast to be killed ## +# the beast's image -AT: "to put to death anyone who refused to worship the beast" \ No newline at end of file +This is the image of the first beast that had been mentioned. + +# cause all who refused to worship the beast to be killed + +"put to death anyone who refused to worship the first beast" + +# It also forced everyone + +"The beast from the earth also forced everyone" + +# It was impossible for anyone to buy or sell unless he had the mark of the beast + +"People could buy or sell things only if they had the mark of the beast." The implicit information that the beast from the earth commanded it can be stated clearly. AT: "He commanded that people could buy or sell things only if they had the mark of the beast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the mark of the beast + +This was an identifying mark that indicated that the person who received it worshiped the beast. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/18.md b/rev/13/18.md index 4b75fc1e5b..0ec6ea35d3 100644 --- a/rev/13/18.md +++ b/rev/13/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## is the number of a human being ## +# General Information: -Possible meanings are 1) the number represents one person or 2) the number represent all of humanity. +This verse is a break from John's account of his vision. Here he gives another warning to the people reading his account. -## 666 ## +# This calls for wisdom -"six hundred and sixty-six" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Wisdom is needed" or "You need to be wise about this" + +# If anyone has insight + +The word "insight" can be translated with the verb "understand." AT: "If anyone is able to understand things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# let him calculate the number of the beast + +"he should discern what the number of the beast means" or "he should figure out what the number of the beast means" + +# is the number of a human being + +Possible meanings are 1) the number represents one person or 2) the number represents all of humanity. + +# 666 + +"six hundred sixty-six" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/13/intro.md b/rev/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..beb9f81f16 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Revelation 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 13:10, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### A lethal wound ##### +Many scholars believe this is a prophecy about the death of the antichrist. They believe the antichrist will mimic or counterfeit the resurrection of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]]) +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### The beast ##### +Many scholar believe this is a metaphorical way to refer to the antichrist. This is very significant for proper understanding of this passage. This is used in contrast to the lamb, which is a reference to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### Another beast ##### +Many scholars believe this second beast is a prophet or priest of the antichrist. He is capable of performing many wondrous miracles and gets many people to worship the antichrist. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Unknown animals ##### +This chapter uses a great number of unknown animals. Many of these animals are used in a symbolic way but their meaning is imprecise. This will cause great difficulties for translators. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/01.md b/rev/14/01.md index 094c5934ee..bcd1c85dd9 100644 --- a/rev/14/01.md +++ b/rev/14/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## I looked ## +# Connecting Statement: -Here "I" refers to John. +John begins to describe the next part of his vision. There are 144,000 believers standing before the Lamb. -## Lamb ## +# General Information: -This refers to Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). +The word "I" refers to John. -## 144,000 ## +# Lamb -See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:4](../07/04.md). +A "lamb" is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## who had his name and his Father's name written on their foreheads ## +# 144,000 -AT: "on whose foreheads the Lamb and his Father had written their names." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"one hundred forty-four thousand." See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:4](../07/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# who had his name and his Father's name written on their foreheads + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "on whose foreheads the Lamb and his Father had written their names" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his Father + +This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# a voice from heaven + +"a sound from heaven" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/03.md b/rev/14/03.md index 63619e75bb..c29402fa0d 100644 --- a/rev/14/03.md +++ b/rev/14/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## They sang ## +# They sang a new song -"The 144,000 sang" +"The 144,000 people sang a new song." This explains what the sound was that John heard. AT: "That sound was a new song that they sang" -## These are the ones that have not defiled themselves with women ## +# the four living creatures -AT: "Those 144,000 are the people who are spiritually pure , like virgins are morally pure. They have not defiled themselves by worshiping any false god." See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] \ No newline at end of file +"living being" or "living thing." See how you translated "living creature" in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md) + +# elders + +This refers to the twenty-four elders around the throne. See how you translated "elders" in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). + +# 144,000 + +"one hundred forty-four thousand." See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:4](../07/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# have not defiled themselves with women + +Possible meanings are 1) "have never had immoral sexual relations with a woman" or 2) "have never had sexual relations with a woman." Defiling oneself with women may be a symbol of worshiping idols. + +# they have kept themselves sexually pure + +Possible meanings are 1) "they did not have sexual relations with a woman who was not their wife" or 2) "they are virgins." + +# follow the Lamb wherever he goes + +Doing what the Lamb does is spoken of as following him. AT: "they do whatever the Lamb does" or "they obey the Lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# No lie was found in their mouth + +Their "mouth" refers to what they said." AT: "They never lied when they spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/06.md b/rev/14/06.md index f9e961393f..0de0073524 100644 --- a/rev/14/06.md +++ b/rev/14/06.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -There are not translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +John begins to describe the next part of his vision. This is the first of three angels who proclaim judgment on the earth. + +# every nation, tribe, language, and people + +This means that people from every ethnic group are included. See how you translated a similar list in [Revelation 5:9](../05/09.md). + +# the hour of his judgment has come + +Here "the hour" represents the time that has been chosen for something, and the hour having "come" is a metaphor for now being the chosen time. The idea of "judgment" can be expressed with a verb. AT: "now is the time that God has chosen for judgment" or "it is now the time for God to judge people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/08.md b/rev/14/08.md index 4f4e0733bd..f4c19e4d09 100644 --- a/rev/14/08.md +++ b/rev/14/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## Fallen, fallen ## +# Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great -This word is repeated for emphasis. +The angel speaks of Babylon having been destroyed as if it had fallen. AT: "Babylon the great has been destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Fallen......brought much wrath on her ## +# Babylon the great -"The very evil cities(OR , city) represented by Babylon are completely destroyed! God has punished their people because they have persuaded people of all the nations to forsake God, just like a prostitute persuades men to drink strong wine and as a result commit sexual immorality." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Babylon the large city" or "the important city of Babylon." This was probably a symbol for the city of Rome, which was large, wealthy, and sinful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# who persuaded + +Babylon is spoken of as if it were a person, instead of a city filled with people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# to drink the wine of her immoral passion + +This is a symbol for participating in her sexually immoral passion. AT: "to be sexually immoral like her" or "to get drunk like her in sexual sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# her immoral passion + +Babylon is spoken of as if it were a prostitute who has caused other people to sin along with her. This may well have a double meaning: literal sexual immorality and also the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/09.md b/rev/14/09.md index 99d16f3c8a..23a54738dd 100644 --- a/rev/14/09.md +++ b/rev/14/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## will drink the wine of God's wrath ## +# with a loud voice -Here "drink the wine" means to experience God's wrath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"loudly" -## that has been prepared ## +# will also drink some of the wine of God's wrath -AT: "that God has prepared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Drinking the wine of God's wrath is a symbol for being punished by God. AT: "will also drink some of the wine that represents God's wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## cup of his anger ## +# that has been poured undiluted -The cup is filled with the wine that represents God's anger. +This can be translated in active form. AT: "that God has poured full strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## poured unmixed ## +# that has been poured undiluted -This refers to wine that is not diluted with water. This means that they will experience God's full wrath. +This means that the wine has no water mixed into it. It is strong, and a person who drinks much of it will get very drunk. As a symbol, it means that God will be extremely angry, not just a little angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## his holy angels ## +# cup of his anger -"God's holy angels" \ No newline at end of file +This symbolic cup holds the wine that represents God's anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/11.md b/rev/14/11.md index 1c34d7377e..0ab0d4b7be 100644 --- a/rev/14/11.md +++ b/rev/14/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## from their torment ## +# Connecting Statement: -"from their continual-pain" \ No newline at end of file +The third angel continues to speak. + +# The smoke from their torment + +The phrase "their torment" refers to the fire that torments them. AT: "The smoke from the fire that torments them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they have no rest + +"they have no relief" or "the torment does not stop" + +# day or night + +These two parts of the day are used to refer to all of the time. AT: "ever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# Here is a call for the patient endurance of those who are holy + +"Those who are holy must endure patiently and be faithful." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 13:10](../13/09.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/13.md b/rev/14/13.md index c753416874..57c947c4ee 100644 --- a/rev/14/13.md +++ b/rev/14/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## for their deeds will follow them ## +# the dead who die -AT: "for God will reward them for their deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"those who die" + +# who die in the Lord + +"who are united to the Lord and die." This may refer to people who are killed by their enemies. AT: "who die because they are united to the Lord" + +# labors + +difficulties and sufferings + +# their deeds will follow them + +These deeds are spoken of as if they were alive and able to follow those who did them. Possible meanings are 1) "others will know the good deeds these people have done" or 2) "God will reward them for their deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/14.md b/rev/14/14.md index 9e20b4335a..0cc43bc723 100644 --- a/rev/14/14.md +++ b/rev/14/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## one like a Son of Man ## +# Connecting Statement: -See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:12](../01/12.md). +John begins to describe the next part of his vision. This part is about the Son of Man harvesting the earth. Harvesting the grain is a symbol of God's judging people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## sickle ## +# one like a son of man -a tool with a curved bladed used for cutting grass, grain, and vines +This expression describes a human figure, someone who looks human. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:13](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## came out of the temple ## +# golden crown + +This was the likeness of a wreath of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads. + +# sickle + +a tool with a curved blade used for cutting grass, grain, and vines (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# came out of the temple "came out of the heavenly temple" -## the earth was harvested ## +# the time to reap has come -AT: "he harvested the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the earth was harvested + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "he harvested the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/17.md b/rev/14/17.md index 335745dbbc..8bfdad0826 100644 --- a/rev/14/17.md +++ b/rev/14/17.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -16]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +John continues describing his vision about the earth being harvested. + +# who had authority over the fire + +Here "authority over" refers to responsibility to tend the fire. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/19.md b/rev/14/19.md index 99c1b1f310..8e9912ccbb 100644 --- a/rev/14/19.md +++ b/rev/14/19.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -16]]) - -## great wine vat...winepress ## +# great wine vat ... winepress These refer to the same container. -## bridle ## +# the great wine vat of God's wrath -a device that goes around a horse's head and is used for directing the horse \ No newline at end of file +"the large wine vat where God will show his wrath" + +# up to the height of a horse's bridle + +"as high as the bridle in a horse's mouth" + +# bridle + +a device made of leather straps that goes around a horse's head and is used for directing the horse + +# 1,600 stadia + +"one thousand six hundred stadia" or "sixteen hundred stadia." A "stadium" is 185 meters. In modern measures this would be about "300 kilometers" or "200 miles." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/14/intro.md b/rev/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ed6efa0905 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Revelation 14 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Victorious over the beast" ##### +This is victory in the spiritual battles occurring during this time. While most spiritual battles cannot be seen, the book of Revelation pictures a time of great spiritual battles openly occurring. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### Mark of the beast ##### +John has spent some time discussing the mark given by the beast. Many scholars believe this chapter teaches that those who receive this mark will face eternal punishment in hell. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Harvest ##### +This is a common image used in scripture. The harvest illustrates a time when good things come to fruition. It is commonly used to refer to people coming to faith in Jesus, but this is not how John uses it here. It is used to describe the culmination of God's plans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/15/01.md b/rev/15/01.md index fa5104e0a4..169552da53 100644 --- a/rev/15/01.md +++ b/rev/15/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Then I saw...is completed ## +# General Information: -Here 15:1 is a summary of what will happen in 15:2-16:21. +This verse is a summary of what will happen in 15:6-16:21. -## great and marvelous ## +# great and marvelous -AT: "something that greatly amazed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These words have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. AT: "something that greatly amazed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## for with them the wrath of God is completed ## +# seven angels with seven plagues -AT: "for these plagues complete the wrath of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"seven angels who had authority to send seven plagues on the earth" + +# which are the final plagues + +"and after them, there will not be any more plagues" + +# for with them the wrath of God will be completed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "for these plagues will complete the wrath of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for with them the wrath of God will be completed + +Possible meanings are 1) these plagues will show all of God's anger or 2) after these plagues, God will no longer be angry. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/15/02.md b/rev/15/02.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3817a7dd6f --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/15/02.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + +Here John begins to describe his vision of the people who had been victorious over the beast and who are praising God. + +# sea of glass + +How it was like glass or a sea can be stated clearly. Possible meanings are 1) a sea is spoken of as if it were glass. AT: "a sea that was as smooth as glass" or 2) glass if spoken of as if it were a sea. AT: "glass that was spread out like a sea." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# who had been victorious over the beast and his image + +How they were victorious can be stated clearly. AT: "who had been victorious over the beast and his image by not worshiping them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# over the number representing his name + +How they were victorious over the number can be stated clearly. AT: "over the number representing his name by not being marked with that number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the number representing his name + +This refers to the number described in [Revelation 13:18](../13/18.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/15/03.md b/rev/15/03.md index 286bd612b3..71ff58ec32 100644 --- a/rev/15/03.md +++ b/rev/15/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## your righteous acts have been made known ## +# They were singing -AT: "everyone has seen and understood your righteous acts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Those who had been victorious over the beast were singing" + +# Who will not fear you, Lord, and glorify your name? + +This question is used to show their amazement at how great and glorious the Lord is. It can be expressed as an exclamation. AT: "Lord, everyone will fear you and glorify your name!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# glorify your name + +The phrase "your name" refers to God. AT: "glorify you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your righteous deeds have been revealed + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you have made everyone know about your righteous deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/15/05.md b/rev/15/05.md index 4fe3b3d6ec..09961d8f68 100644 --- a/rev/15/05.md +++ b/rev/15/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## After these things ## +# Connecting Statement: + +The seven angels with the seven plagues come out of the most holy place. They were spoken of previously in [Revelation 15:1](./01.md). + +# After these things "After the people finished singing" -## sash ## +# the seven angels holding the seven plagues -a decorative piece of cloth worn on the upper body \ No newline at end of file +These angels were seen as holding seven plagues because in [Revelation 17:7](./07.md) they are given seven bowls full of the wrath of God. + +# linen + +a fine, expensive cloth made from flax + +# sashes + +A sash is a decorative piece of cloth worn on the upper body. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/15/07.md b/rev/15/07.md index f6ccf9a6cd..e0701f2d45 100644 --- a/rev/15/07.md +++ b/rev/15/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## the four living creatures ## +# the four living creatures -See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +"living being" or "living thing." See how you translated "living creatures" in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md) + +# seven golden bowls full of the wrath of God + +The image of the wine in the bowls can be stated clearly. The word "wrath" here refers to punishment. The wine is a symbol for punishment. AT: "seven gold bowls full of the wine that represents the wrath of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# until the seven plagues of the seven angels were completed + +"until the seven angels finished sending the seven plagues to the earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/15/intro.md b/rev/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b784ccee4f --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Revelation 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The events and pictures described in this chapter occur in heaven. + +Some translations set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 15:3-4, which is a quotation of the song the angels were singing. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The most holy place, in which was the tent of witness, was open in heaven" ##### +This statement has led some scholars to believe that the Jewish temple reflected a scene in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### Songs ##### + +Heaven is often described as a place where people sing. These are songs of worship to God. This illustrates that heaven is a place where God is continually worshiped. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/01.md b/rev/16/01.md index 9c708eb08b..0ace931b5a 100644 --- a/rev/16/01.md +++ b/rev/16/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I heard ## +# Connecting Statement: -the writer John ([Revelation 1:9](../01/09.md)) heard +John continues to describe the part of the vision about the seven angels with the seven plagues. The seven plagues are the seven bowls of God's wrath. -## bowls of God's wrath ## +# I heard -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 15:7](../15/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +The word "I" refers to John. + +# bowls of God's wrath + +The image of the wine in the bowls can be stated clearly. The word "wrath" here refers to punishment. The wine is a symbol for punishment. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 15:7](../15/07.md). AT: "bowls full of the wine that represents God's wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/02.md b/rev/16/02.md index cd38dd00e7..7433364fdb 100644 --- a/rev/16/02.md +++ b/rev/16/02.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## poured out his bowl ## +# poured out his bowl -AT: "poured out the wine in his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath which was in his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. AT: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## painful sores ## +# painful sores "painful wounds." These could be infections from diseases or injuries that have not healed. -## mark of the beast ## +# mark of the beast -See how you translated this in [Revelation 13:15](../13/15.md). \ No newline at end of file +This was an identifying mark that indicated that the person who received it worshiped the beast. See how you translated this in [Revelation 13:17](../13/15.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/03.md b/rev/16/03.md index bf6d5385f4..fa6ece2bf2 100644 --- a/rev/16/03.md +++ b/rev/16/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## poured out his bowl ## +# poured out his bowl -See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md) +The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). AT: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the sea ## +# the sea -This refers to all bodies of salt water in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## like the blood of a dead person ## - -This means the water became red and thick and smelled bad. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to all the salt water lakes and oceans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/04.md b/rev/16/04.md index 13ad3e3d12..f9c10ce859 100644 --- a/rev/16/04.md +++ b/rev/16/04.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## poured out his bowl ## +# poured out his bowl -See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). +The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). AT: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## rivers and the springs of water ## +# rivers and the springs of water This refers to all bodies of fresh water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## angel of the waters ## +# the angel of the waters -This refers to third angel. He was in charge of pouring out God's wrath on the rivers and the springs of water. +Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the third angel who was in charge of pouring out God's wrath on the rivers and springs of water or 2) this was another angel who was in charge of all the waters. -## You are just ## +# You are righteous "You" refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## the one who is and who was ## +# the one who is and who was -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). +"God who is and who was." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). -## they poured out the blood of your saints and prophets ## +# they poured out the blood of the believers and prophets -AT: "evil people murdered the saints and prophets." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "poured out the blood" means killed. AT: "evil people murdered the believers and prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## you have given them blood to drink ## +# you have given them blood to drink God will make the evil people drink the waters that he turned to blood. -## I heard the altar reply ## +# I heard the altar reply -Possible meanings are 1) "I heard the angel near the altar say" or 2) "I heard the souls of the saints under the altar say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "altar" here refers perhaps to someone at the altar. "I heard someone at the altar reply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/08.md b/rev/16/08.md index 33791a2577..3c8d9a9797 100644 --- a/rev/16/08.md +++ b/rev/16/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## poured out his bowl ## +# poured out his bowl -See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). +The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). AT: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## it was given permission to scorch the people ## +# it was given permission to scorch the people -John speaks about the sun as if it were a person. AT: "and caused the sun to severely burn the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +John speaks about the sun as if it were a person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "and caused the sun to severely burn the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They were scorched by the terrible heat ## +# They were scorched by the terrible heat -AT: "The extreme heat burned them badly" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The extreme heat burned them badly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they blasphemed the name of God ## +# they blasphemed the name of God -AT: "they blasphemed God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the name of God represents God. AT: "they blasphemed God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# God, who has the power over these plagues + +This phrase reminds readers of something they already know about God. It helps to explain why the people were blaspheming God. AT: "God because he has the power over these plagues" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) + +# the power over these plagues + +This refers to the power to inflict these plagues on people, and the power to stop the plagues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/10.md b/rev/16/10.md index b05acf01b8..065065ae40 100644 --- a/rev/16/10.md +++ b/rev/16/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## poured out his bowl ## +# poured out his bowl -See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). +The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). AT: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the throne of the beast ## +# the throne of the beast -the center of the beast's power, possibly the kingdom's capital city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is where the beast reigns from. It may refer to the capital city of his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They gnawed ## +# darkness covered its kingdom -the people in the beast's kingdom gnawed. +Darkness is spoken of as if it were something like a blanket. AT: "it became dark in all his kingdom" or "all of his kingdom became dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They insulted ## +# They chewed ... They blasphemed -"They cursed" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the people in the beast's kingdom. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/12.md b/rev/16/12.md index cb9bce5711..9479c26e5f 100644 --- a/rev/16/12.md +++ b/rev/16/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## the Euphrates, and its water was dried up ## +# poured out his bowl -AT: "the Euphrates and caused the water to dry up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). AT: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## looked like frogs ## +# the Euphrates. Its water was dried up + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the Euphrates. Its water dried up" or "the Euphrates, and caused its water to dry up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# looked like frogs A frog is a small animal that lives near water. Jews considered them unclean animals. -## dragon ## +# dragon -See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified in verse 9 as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/15.md b/rev/16/15.md index 8cf0defbeb..569f0802e9 100644 --- a/rev/16/15.md +++ b/rev/16/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## I am coming like a thief ## +# General Information: -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 3:3](../03/03.md). +Verse 15 is a break from the main storyline of John's vision. These are words spoken by Jesus. The storyline continues in verse 16. -## they see his shameful condition ## +# Look! I am coming + +It can be stated clearly that the Lord Jesus was saying this as in the UDB. The parentheses are used here to show that this is not part of the storyline in the vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I am coming as a thief + +Jesus will come at a time when people do not expect him, just as a thief comes when not expected. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 3:3](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# keeping his garments on + +Living the right way is spoken of as keeping one's clothes on. AT: "doing what is right, like keeping his clothes on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# keeping his garments on + +Some versions translate, "keeping his garments with him." + +# they see his shameful condition Here the word "they" refers to other people. -## They brought them together ## +# They brought them together "The spirits of the demons brought the kings and their armies together" -## the place that is called ## +# the place that is called -"the place that people call" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the place that people call" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Armageddon ## +# Armageddon This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/17.md b/rev/16/17.md index 08c6ba57c1..219c205a39 100644 --- a/rev/16/17.md +++ b/rev/16/17.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -God completely destroys Babylon. +# Connecting Statement: -## poured out his bowl ## +The seventh angel pours out the seventh bowl of God's wrath. -See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). +# poured out his bowl -## Then a loud voice came out of the most holy place and from the throne ## +The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). AT: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This means someone sitting on the throne or someone standing near the throne spoke loudly. It is unclear who is speaking. +# Then a loud voice came out of the temple and from the throne -## The great city was split ## +This means someone sitting on the throne or someone standing near the throne spoke loudly. It is unclear who is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "The earthquake split the great city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# flashes of lightning -## Then God called to mind ## +Use your language's way of describing what lightning looks like each time it appears. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:5](../04/04.md). -"Then God remembered" or "Then God thought of" +# rumbles, crashes of thunder -## he gave that city the cup filled with the wine made from his furious wrath ## +These are the loud noises that thunder makes. Use your language's way of describing the sound of thunder. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:5](../04/04.md). -God severely punished the people and made them suffer badly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# The great city was split -## he gave that city the cup ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The earthquake split the great city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -"he forced that city to drink from the cup" +# Then God called to mind -## the wine made from ## +"Then God remembered" or "Then God thought of" or "Then God started to pay attention to." This does not mean that God remembered something he had forgotten. -AT: "the wine that represents" \ No newline at end of file +# he gave that city the cup filled with the wine made from his furious wrath + +The wine is a symbol of his wrath. Making people drink it is a symbol of punishing them. AT: "he made the people of that city drink the wine that represents his wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/20.md b/rev/16/20.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6c8f5aef83 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/16/20.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +This is part of the seventh bowl of God's wrath. + +# the mountains were no longer found + +The inability to see any mountains is metonymy expressing the idea that no mountains existed any longer. AT: "there were no longer any mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a talent + +You may convert this to a modern measure. AT: "33 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/16/intro.md b/rev/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1ef96693fb --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Revelation 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter forms the conclusion of a major section of the book of Revelation, ending the period of wrath or great judgment by God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) + +Some translations set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 16:5-7, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "The most holy place" ##### + +This statement has led some scholars to believe that the Jewish temple reflected a scene in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### Seven bowl judgments ##### +This chapter reveals judgments called the seven bowl judgments. The judgments are pictured as being poured out, emphasizing their quickness and totality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +The tone of this chapter is meant to shock the reader. This should not be minimized in translation. + +##### Armageddon ##### + +This is a word in Hebrew. Paul does not translate this word into Greek but chooses to transliterate it by transferring it into Greek using Greek letters instead of Hebrew letters. The translators of the ULB and UDB have not translated this word either. The translator should try to form the sounds of this without translating its meaning. +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/01.md b/rev/17/01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..14ca00e33e --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/17/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + +John begins to describe the part of his vision about the great prostitute. + +# the condemnation of the great prostitute + +The noun "condemnation" can be expressed with the verb "condemn." AT: "how God will condemn the great prostitute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the great prostitute + +"the prostitute that everyone knows about." She represents a certain sinful city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# on many waters + +If you need to, you can use a more specific word for the kind of water. AT: "on many rivers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It is with the wine of her sexual immorality that the earth's inhabitants became drunk + +The wine represents sexual immorality. AT: "The people of the earth became drunk by drinking her wine, that is, they were sexually immoral" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# her sexual immorality + +This may well have a double meaning: sexual immorality among people and also the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/03.md b/rev/17/03.md index 33346cff21..519d433d98 100644 --- a/rev/17/03.md +++ b/rev/17/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## pearl ## +# carried me away in the Spirit to a wilderness -a smooth, hard, and white bead (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +The setting changes from John being in heaven to being in a wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# pearls + +beautiful and valuable white beads. They are formed inside the shell of a certain kind of small animal that lives in the ocean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# On her forehead was written a name + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone had written on her forehead a name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). + +# Babylon the great + +If it needs to be made clear that the name refers to the woman, it can be put in a sentence. AT: "I am Babylon, the powerful one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/06.md b/rev/17/06.md index f336c704de..4578fef69f 100644 --- a/rev/17/06.md +++ b/rev/17/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## drunk with the blood ## +# General Information: -This means she has hurt and killed many believers in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The angel begins to explain to John the meaning of the prostitute and the red beast. The angel explains these things through verse 18. -## the martyrs ## +# was drunk with the blood ... and with the blood -These are believers who have died for their faith in Jesus. +"was drunk because she had drunk the blood ... and had drunk the blood" -## Why are you astonished? ## +# the martyrs for Jesus -"You should not be astonished." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"the believers who have died because they told others about Jesus" + +# astonished + +"amazed" or "surprised" + +# Why are you astonished? + +The angel used this question to gently scold John. AT: "You should not be astonished!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/08.md b/rev/17/08.md index 3ab3c6ba11..48d5d239dd 100644 --- a/rev/17/08.md +++ b/rev/17/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,19 @@ -The angel continues speaking to John. +# the bottomless pit -## those whose names have not been written ## +This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md). -AT: "those names that Jesus has not written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Then it will go on to destruction + +The noun "destruction" can be translated with a verb. AT: "Then he will be destroyed" or "Then God will destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# it will go on to destruction + +The certainty of what will happen in the future is spoken of as if the beast were going to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# those whose names have not been written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whose names God did not write" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# since the foundation of the world + +The angel speaks of God creating the world as if he laid the world's foundation, like one would lay the foundation of a building. AT: "before God created the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/09.md b/rev/17/09.md index a08c9138fd..1d856870ab 100644 --- a/rev/17/09.md +++ b/rev/17/09.md @@ -1,5 +1,31 @@ -The angel continues speaking to John. +# Connecting Statement: -## seven hills on which the woman is seated ## +The angel continues speaking. Here he explains the meaning of the seven heads of the beast that the woman is riding. -Here, "seated" means she has power over these places and people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# This calls for a mind that has wisdom + +The abstract nouns "mind" and "wisdom" can be expressed with "think" and "wise" or "wisely." Why a wise mind is needed can be stated clearly. AT: "A wise mind is needed in order to understand this" or "You need to think wisely in order to understand this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# This calls for + +"This makes it necessary to have" + +# The seven heads are seven hills + +Here "are" means "stand for" or "represent." + +# Five kings have fallen + +The angel speaks of dying as falling. AT: "Five kings have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# one exists + +"one is king now" or "one king is alive now" + +# the other has not yet come; when he comes + +Not having existed yet is spoken of as not yet having come. AT: "the other has not yet become king; when he becomes king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# he can remain only for a little while + +The angel speaks of someone continuing to be king as if he were remaining in a place. AT: "he can be king only for a little while" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/11.md b/rev/17/11.md index dfaf9c951a..292ea155f4 100644 --- a/rev/17/11.md +++ b/rev/17/11.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -The angel continues speaking to John. \ No newline at end of file +# it is one of those seven kings + +Possible meanings are 1) the beast rules twice: first as one of the seven kings, and then as the eighth king or 2) the beast belongs to that group of seven kings because he is like them. + +# it is going to destruction + +The certainty of what will happen in the future is spoken of as if the beast were going to it. AT: "it will certainly be destroyed" or "God will surely destroy it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/12.md b/rev/17/12.md index dfaf9c951a..f74e1fc1f4 100644 --- a/rev/17/12.md +++ b/rev/17/12.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -The angel continues speaking to John. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +The angel continues speaking to John. Here he explains the meaning of the ten horns of the beast. + +# for one hour + +If your language does not divide the day into 24 hours, you may need to use a more general expression. AT: "for a very short time" or "for a very small part of a day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# These are of one mind + +"These all think the same thing" or "These all agree to do the same thing" + +# the Lamb + +A "lamb" is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# the called ones, the chosen ones, and the faithful ones + +This refers to one group of people. The words "called" and "chosen" can be expressed in active form. AT: "the called, chosen, and faithful ones" or "the ones whom God has called and chosen, who are faithful to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/15.md b/rev/17/15.md index 168849d8b8..7bc6e05225 100644 --- a/rev/17/15.md +++ b/rev/17/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## The waters you saw, where the prostitute is seated ## +# The waters you saw, where the prostitute is seated, are peoples, multitudes, nations, and languages -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 17:1](./01.md) +Here "are" stands for "represent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## peoples, multitudes, nations, languages ## +# The waters -All of these terms have similar meanings and are listed for emphasis. AT: "all the people of the world." \ No newline at end of file +If you need to, you can use a more specific word for the kind of water. See how you translated "many waters" in [Revelation 17:1](./01.md). AT: "The rivers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# multitudes + +"large groups of people" or "great numbers of people" + +# languages + +This refers to people who speak the languages. See how you translated this in [Revelation 10:11](../10/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/16.md b/rev/17/16.md index 178f3d4e7b..2bfe7eb276 100644 --- a/rev/17/16.md +++ b/rev/17/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -The angel continues speaking to John - -## make her desolate and naked ## +# make her desolate and naked "steal everything that she has and leave her with nothing" -## they will devour her flesh, and they will burn her completely with fire ## +# they will devour her flesh -Both of these clauses mean they will completely destroy her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Destroying her completely is spoken of as eating all her flesh. "They will destroy her completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## until God's words are fulfilled ## +# For God has put it into their hearts to carry out his purpose by agreeing to give ... until God's words are fulfilled -AT: "until God fulfills what He said will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +They would agree to give their power to the beast, but it would not be that they want to obey God. AT: "For God has put it into their hearts to agree to give ... until God's words are fulfilled, and by doing this, they would carry out God's purpose" + +# God has put it into their hearts + +The heart represents desires. Making them want to do something is spoken of as putting it in their hearts to do it. AT: "God has made them want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# power to rule + +"authority" or "kingly authority" + +# until God's words are fulfilled + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "until God fulfills what he said will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/18.md b/rev/17/18.md index dfaf9c951a..d3e32d2b73 100644 --- a/rev/17/18.md +++ b/rev/17/18.md @@ -1 +1,11 @@ -The angel continues speaking to John. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +The angel finishes speaking to John about the prostitute and the beast. + +# is + +Here "is" stands for "represents." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the great city that rules + +When it says that the city rules, it means that the leader of the city rules. AT: "the great city whose leader rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/17/intro.md b/rev/17/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a133bd170d --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/17/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# Revelation 17 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prostitute ##### +The Jews were often pictured as adulterous people and occasionally as prostitutes. This is not necessarily the reference here. The context may favor identifying the prostitute as Satan, but the translator should allow this illustration to be vague. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### Seven hills ##### +This is possibly a reference to the city of Rome, which was said to sit atop seven hills. However, the translator should not attempt to identify the seven hills in the translation. + +=##### Important figures of speech in this chapter ##### + +==Metaphors == +John uses many different metaphors in this chapter. He gives some explanation of their meaning, but allows them to remain relatively unclear. The translator should attempt to do the same. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "The beast you saw existed, does not exist now, but is about to come up " ##### +This phrase is intended to contrast the statement that Jesus "was and is and is to come" used elsewhere in Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### The use of paradox ##### + +This is a seemingly absurd statement, which appears to contradict itself. A paradox occurs in this chapter: the beast "is himself also an eighth king; but he is one of those seven kings." The translator should not attempt to resolve this paradox and it should remain a mystery. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/01.md b/rev/18/01.md index d351d00eb1..fef30b3360 100644 --- a/rev/18/01.md +++ b/rev/18/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## detestable bird ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Another angel comes down from heaven and speaks. This is a different angel than the one in the previous chapter, who spoke about the prostitute and the beast. + +# General Information: + +The pronouns "she" and "her" refer to the city of Babylon, which is spoken of as if it were a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great + +The angel speaks of Babylon having been destroyed as if it had fallen. See how you translated this in [Revelation 14:8](../14/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# detestable bird "disgusting bird" or "repulsive bird" -## For all the nations ## +# all the nations -This phrase refers to people of every nation (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The nations is a metonym for the people of those nations. AT: "the people of all the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## have drunk of the wine...sexual immorality with her ## +# have drunk the wine of her immoral passion -This means the people of the nations have joined with the city of Babylon and have shared in her sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a symbol for participating in her sexually immoral passion. AT: "have become sexually immoral like her" or "have become drunk like her in sexual sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## that brings her wrath ## +# her immoral passion -"that causes God to punish her" +Babylon is spoken of as if it were a prostitute who has caused other people to sin along with her. This may well have a double meaning: literal sexual immorality and also the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## merchant ## +# merchants -a person who sells things +A merchant is a person who sells things. -## by the power of ## +# from the power of her sensual way of living -AT: "because she spent so much money on her luxuries" \ No newline at end of file +"because she spent so much money on sexual immorality" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/04.md b/rev/18/04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..574a5d31cd --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/18/04.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Another voice from heaven begins to speak. + +# General Information: + +The pronouns "she" and "her" refer to the city of Babylon, which is spoken of as if it were a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# another voice + +The word "voice" refers to the speaker, which is probably either Jesus or the Father. AT: "someone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Her sins have piled up as high as heaven + +The voice speaks of Babylon's sins as if they were objects that could form a pile. AT: "Her sins are so many they are like a pile that reaches heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# remembered + +"thought of" or "started to pay attention to." This does not mean that God remembered something he had forgotten. See how you translated "called to mind" in [Revelation 16:19](../16/17.md). + +# Pay her back as she has paid others back + +The voice speaks of punishment as if it were payment. AT: "Punish her as she has punished others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# repay her double + +The voice speaks of punishment as if it were payment. AT: "punish her twice as much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# in the cup she mixed, mix double the amount for her + +The voice speaks of causing others to suffer as preparing strong wine for them to drink. AT: "prepare for her the wine of suffering that is twice as strong as what she made for others" or "make her suffer twice as much as she made others suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# mix double the amount + +Possible meanings are 1) "prepare twice the amount" or 2) "make it twice as strong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/07.md b/rev/18/07.md index 09603d306e..5d0e591e3b 100644 --- a/rev/18/07.md +++ b/rev/18/07.md @@ -1,9 +1,27 @@ -The voice from heaven continues speaking. +# Connecting Statement: -## she glorified herself ## +The same voice from heaven continues speaking about Babylon as if it were a woman. + +# she glorified herself "the people of Babylon glorified themselves" -## She will be consumed by fire ## +# I am seated as a queen -AT: "Fire will completely burn her up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +She claims to be a ruler, having her own authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I am not a widow + +She implies that she will not be dependent on other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will never see mourning + +Experiencing mourning is spoken of as seeing mourning. AT: "I will never mourn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# her plagues will come + +Existing in the future is spoken of a coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# She will be consumed by fire + +Being burned up by fires is spoken of as being eaten up by fire. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Fire will completely burn her up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/09.md b/rev/18/09.md index 1a1010c08e..20e22b615d 100644 --- a/rev/18/09.md +++ b/rev/18/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## who committed sexual immorality and went out of control with her ## +# Connecting Statement: -This means the kings and their people sinned and rebelled against God like the people of Babylon did. +John tells what people say about Babylon. -## Woe, woe ## +# General Information: -This is repeated for emphasis. \ No newline at end of file +In these verses the word "her" refers to the city of Babylon. + +# committed sexual immorality and went out of control with her + +"sinned sexually and did whatever they wanted just as the people of Babylon did" + +# afraid of her torment + +The abstract noun "torment" can be translated as a verb. AT: "afraid that they will be tormented as Babylon is" or "afraid that God will torment them as he torments Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Woe, woe + +This is repeated for emphasis. + +# your punishment has come + +Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/11.md b/rev/18/11.md index c43f6d9721..a2558d66fa 100644 --- a/rev/18/11.md +++ b/rev/18/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,43 @@ -## mourn for her ## +# mourn for her "mourn for the people of Babylon" -## marble ## +# precious stone, pearls -a precious stone used for building +"many kinds of expensive stones." See how you translated these in [Revelation 17:4](../17/03.md). -## spice ## +# fine linen -a substance used to add flavor to food \ No newline at end of file +expensive cloth made from flax. See how you translated "linen" in [Revelation 15:6](../15/05.md). + +# purple + +"purple cloth" + +# silk + +This is soft, strong cloth made from the fine string that silkworms make when they make their cocoons. AT: "expensive cloth" or "fine cloth" or "beautiful cloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# scarlet + +"red cloth" + +# every vessel of ivory + +"all kinds of containers made of ivory" + +# ivory + +a beautiful hard, white material that people get from the tusks or teeth of very large animals such as elephants or walruses. AT: "tusks" or "valuable animal teeth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# marble + +a precious stone used for building (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# cinnamon + +a spice that smells nice and comes from the bark of a certain kind of tree + +# spice + +a substance used to add flavor to food or a good smell to oil \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/14.md b/rev/18/14.md index 75c4f24099..0d397f3cf0 100644 --- a/rev/18/14.md +++ b/rev/18/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## The fruit that you ## +# The fruit -Here "you" refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +They speak of good things as if they were fruit. AT: "The good things (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## longed for with all your might ## +# longed for with all your might "wanted very much" -## never to be found again ## +# vanished, never to be found again -AT: "you will never have them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Not to be found stands for not existing. This figure of speech can be stated in active form. AT: "vanished; you will never have them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/15.md b/rev/18/15.md index 1e640a094e..8876d0e625 100644 --- a/rev/18/15.md +++ b/rev/18/15.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## and was adorned ## +# General Information: -AT: "and they adorned themselves" or "and they wore" +In these verses, the word "her" refers to the city of Babylon. -## precious jewels ## +# because of the fear of her torment + +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "fear" and "torment." AT: "because they will be afraid of God tormenting them they way he torments her" or "because they will be afraid of suffering the way she is suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# weeping and mourning loudly + +This is what the merchants will be doing. AT: "and they will weep and mourn loudly" + +# the great city that was dressed in fine linen + +Throughout this chapter, Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. The merchants speak of Babylon as being dressed in fine linen because its people were dressed in fine linen. AT: "the great city, which was like a woman dressed in fine linen" or "the great city, whose women were dressed in fine linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# that was dressed in fine linen + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "that wore fine linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# was adorned with gold + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "adorned herself with gold" or "adorned themselves with gold" or "wore gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# precious jewels "valuable gems" or "treasured gems" -## pearls ## +# pearls -See how this was translated in [Revelation 17:3](../17/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +beautiful and valuable white beads. They are formed inside the shell of a certain kind of small animal that lives in the ocean. See how you translated this in [Revelation 17:4](../17/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# whose living is made from the sea + +The phrase "from the sea" refers to what they do on the sea. AT: "who travel on the sea to make their living" or "who sail on the sea to different places in order to trade things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/18.md b/rev/18/18.md index a6f47ef25d..459e359f40 100644 --- a/rev/18/18.md +++ b/rev/18/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## her burning ## +# General Information: -The word "her" refers to the city of Babylon. +In these verses the word "they" refers to the sailors and seafarers, and the word "her" refers to the city of Babylon. -## What city is like the great city? ## +# What city is like the great city? -AT: "No other city is like the great city, Babylon". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +This question shows the people the importance of the city of Babylon. AT: "No other city is like the great city, Babylon!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# God has brought your judgment on her + +The noun "judgment" can be expressed with the verb "judge." AT: "God has judged her for you" or "God has judged her because of the bad things she did to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/21.md b/rev/18/21.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6c69dd5a62 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/18/21.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Another angel begins to speak about Babylon. This is a different angel than the ones who have spoken previously. + +# millstone + +a large round stone used to crush grain + +# Babylon, the great city, will be thrown down with violence and will not be seen anymore + +God will completely destroy the city. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will violently throw down Babylon, the great city, and it will no longer exist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will not be seen anymore + +"no one will see it anymore." Not being seen here means that it will not exist. AT: "it will not exist anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The sound made by harpists, musicians, flute players, and trumpeters will not be heard anymore in you + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one in your city will ever again hear the sound that harpists, musicians, flute players, and trumpeters make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in you + +The angel speaks as if Babylon were there listening to him. AT: "in Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# will not be heard anymore in you + +"no one will hear them anymore in you." Not being heard here means that they will not be there. AT: "they will not be in your city anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# No craftsman ... will be found in you + +Not being found there means that they will not be there. AT: "No craftsman of any kind will be in your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# No sound of a mill will be heard anymore in you + +The sound of something not being heard means that no one will make that sound. AT: "No one will use a mill in your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/23.md b/rev/18/23.md index 7fa9191e7f..8cea885392 100644 --- a/rev/18/23.md +++ b/rev/18/23.md @@ -1 +1,27 @@ -The angel continues speaking to the people of Babylon. \ No newline at end of file +# Connecting Statement: + +The angel who threw the millstone finishes talking. + +# General Information: + +The words "you," "your," and "her" refer to Babylon. + +# The voices of the bridegroom and the bride will not be heard in you anymore + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will ever again hear in Babylon the happy voices of a bridegroom and a bride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# will not be heard in you anymore + +Not being heard here means that they will not be there. AT: "will not be in your city anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# your merchants were the princes of the earth + +The angel speaks of important and powerful people as if they were princes. AT: "your merchants were like princes of the earth" or "your merchants were the most important men in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the nations were deceived by your sorcery + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "you deceived the people of the nations with your magic spells" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# In her the blood of prophets and believers was found, and the blood of all who have been killed on the earth + +Blood being found there means that the people there were guilty of killing people. AT: "Babylon is guilty of killing the prophets and believers and all the other people in the world who were killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/18/intro.md b/rev/18/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..be7a83fed5 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/18/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Revelation 18 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 19 will continue the material contained in this chapter and both should be seen as a single unit. + +Some translations set apart quotations. This entire chapter contains a series of long quotations that are set apart through the use of indentation in the ULB. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +The angel gives a prophecy about the fall of Babylon. It is spoken of as having already happened even though it had not yet happened. This was common in prophecy and emphasizes the inevitability of the coming judgment. It is also prophesied that the people will lament over the fall of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +Metaphors are frequently used in prophecy. This chapter forms a slight break in the apocalyptic style of the book of Revelation overall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/01.md b/rev/19/01.md index b4af857dc0..8737891f0d 100644 --- a/rev/19/01.md +++ b/rev/19/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## I heard ## +# General Information: + +This is the next part of John's vision. Here he describes the rejoicing in heaven over the fall of the great prostitute, who is the city of Babylon. + +# I heard Here "I" refers to John. -## Hallelujah ## +# Hallelujah This word means "Praise God" or "Let us praise God." -## the great prostitute ## +# the great prostitute -This refers to the wicked people who rule over other people of the earth, leading them to worship false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here John refers to the city of Babylon whose wicked people rule over all the people of the earth and lead them to worship false gods. He speaks of the wicked people of Babylon as if they were a great prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## who corrupted the earth ## +# who corrupted the earth -AT: "who corrupted the people of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "the earth" is a metonym for its inhabitants. AT: "who corrupted the people of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the blood of his servants + +Here "the blood" is a metonym that represents murder. AT: "murdering his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# she herself + +This refers to Babylon. The reflexive pronoun "herself" is used to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/03.md b/rev/19/03.md index 9e7c50fc8f..4e19caf4f7 100644 --- a/rev/19/03.md +++ b/rev/19/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,31 @@ -## Hallelujah ## +# They spoke -See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:1](./01.md) +Here "They" refers to the crowd of people in heaven. -## from her forever and ever ## +# Hallelujah -"from the idolators forever and ever." AT: "from those who have prostituted themselves and will suffer forever and ever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This word means "Praise God" or "Let us praise God." See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:1](./01.md). -## twenty-four elders ## +# smoke rises from her -four elders** - 24 elders (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an ellipsis. You can include the missing words that are implied. AT: "smoke of the fire that is burning in that city will rise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# from her forever and ever + +"from the idolators forever and ever" or "from those who have prostituted themselves and will suffer forever" + +# from her + +Here "her" refers to Babylon. + +# twenty-four elders + +"24 elders." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) + +# the four living creatures + +"the four living beings" or "the four living things." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md) + +# who was seated on the throne + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "who sat on the throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/05.md b/rev/19/05.md index 115383f30b..f96817e535 100644 --- a/rev/19/05.md +++ b/rev/19/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Praise our God ## +# a voice came out from the throne + +Here John speaks of the "voice" as if it were a person. AT: "someone spoke from the throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# Praise our God Here "our" refers to the speaker and all God's servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## both the unimportant and the powerful ## +# you who fear him + +Here "fear" does not mean to be afraid of God, but to honor him. AT: "all you who honor him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# both the unimportant and the powerful The speaker uses these words together to mean all of God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/06.md b/rev/19/06.md index 9d7f769a41..ae6be557ca 100644 --- a/rev/19/06.md +++ b/rev/19/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Hallelujah ## +# Then I heard what sounded like the voice of a great number of people, like the roar of many waters, and like loud crashes of thunder -See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file +John speaks of what he is hearing as if it were like the sound made by a very large crowd of people, a large body of rushing water, and very loud thunder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Hallelujah + +This word means "Praise God" or "Let us praise God." See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:1](./01.md). + +# For the Lord + +"Because the Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/07.md b/rev/19/07.md index 4700caf754..166d57130d 100644 --- a/rev/19/07.md +++ b/rev/19/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,31 @@ -The song that was started in the previous verse continues here +# Connecting Statement: -## Let us rejoice ## +The voice of the crowd from the previous verse continues speaking. -Here, "us" refers to all of God's servants. +# Let us rejoice -## give him the glory ## +Here "us" refers to all of God's servants. -"give God the glory" +# give him the glory -## wedding celebration of the Lamb...his bride has made herself ready ## +"give God the glory" or "honor God" -This refers to the joining of Jesus and his people together forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# wedding celebration of the Lamb ... his bride has made herself ready -## Lamb ## +Here John speaks of the joining of Jesus and his people together forever as if it were a wedding celebration. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +# Lamb + +This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# has come + +Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his bride has made herself ready + +John speaks of God's people as if they were a bride who has gotten ready for her wedding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# She was permitted to be dressed in bright and clean fine linen + +Here "she" refers to the people of God. John speaks of the righteous acts of God's people as if they were a bright and clean dress that a bride wears on her wedding day. You can state this in active form. AT: "God allowed her to wear a dress of bright and clean fine linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/09.md b/rev/19/09.md index f718e67e0e..3d60b8a298 100644 --- a/rev/19/09.md +++ b/rev/19/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## the wedding feast of the Lamb ## +# General Information: -The wedding refers to the joining of Jesus and his people forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +An angel begins to speak to John. This is likely the same angel who began to speak to John in [Revelation 17:1](../17/01.md). -## I prostrated myself ## +# those who are invited -To prostrate oneself is to lay on the ground, face down, to show respect and willingness to serve. See note on 19:3 \ No newline at end of file +You can state this in active form. AT: "the people whom God invites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the wedding feast of the Lamb + +Here the angel speaks of the joining of Jesus and his people forever as if it were a wedding feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I prostrated myself + +To prostrate oneself is to lie on the ground, face down, to show respect and willingness to serve. See note in [Revelation 19:3](./03.md). + +# your brothers + +The word "brothers" here refers to all believers, male and female. + +# who hold the testimony about Jesus + +Here holding stands for believing in or announcing. AT: "who speak the truth about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# for the testimony about Jesus is the spirit of prophecy + +Here "spirit of prophecy" refers to God's Holy Spirit. AT: "for it is the Spirit of God who gives people the power to speak the truth about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/11.md b/rev/19/11.md index 22d91c1f77..9e1b82c256 100644 --- a/rev/19/11.md +++ b/rev/19/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## Then I saw heaven open ## +# General Information: -This imagery is used to signify the beginning of a new vision. See how you translated this idea in [Revelation 4:1](../04/01.md), [Revelation 11:19](../11/19.md), and [Revelation 15:5](../15/05.md). +This is the beginning of a new vision. John begins to describe a rider on a white horse. -## He wears a robe that was dipped in blood ## +# Then I saw heaven open -AT: "He wears a robe that was stained with blood" of "He wears a robe dripping with blood" \ No newline at end of file +This imagery is used to signify the beginning of a new vision. See how you translated this idea in [Revelation 4:1](../04/01.md) and [Revelation 11:19](../11/19.md) and [Revelation 15:5](../15/05.md). + +# The one riding it + +The rider is Jesus. + +# It is with justice that he judges and wages war + +Here "justice" refers to what is right. AT: "He judges all people and wages war according to what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# His eyes are like a fiery flame + +John speaks of the rider's eyes as if they shone like a flame of fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# He has a name written on him + +You can state this in active form. AT: "Someone has written a name on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on him that no one knows but he himself + +"on him, and only he knows the meaning of that name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) + +# He wears a robe that was dipped in blood + +You can state this in an active form. AT: "Blood had covered his robe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# his name is called the Word of God + +You can state this in active form. AT: "his name is also the Word of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/14.md b/rev/19/14.md index e8dfb3f9ce..6d1fb69c8b 100644 --- a/rev/19/14.md +++ b/rev/19/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Out of his mouth goes a sharp sword ## +# Out of his mouth goes a sharp sword -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:14](../01/14.md). +The sword blade was sticking out of his mouth. The sword itself was not in motion. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:16](../01/14.md). -## strikes down the nations ## +# strikes down the nations "destroys the nations" or "brings the nations under his control" -## rule them with an iron rod ## +# rule them with an iron rod -See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:5](../12/05.md). +John speaks of the rider's power as if he were ruling with an iron rod. See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:5](../12/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## He has written on his robe and on his thigh a name ## +# He tramples in the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God Almighty -AT: "On his robe and on his thigh is the name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +John speaks of the rider's destroying his enemies as if they were grapes that a person tramples in a winepress. Here "wrath" refers to God's punishment of evil persons. AT: "He crushes his enemies according to the judgment of God Almighty, just as a person crushes grapes in a winepress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# He has a name written on his robe and on his thigh: + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone has written a name on his robe and thigh:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/17.md b/rev/19/17.md index f061c8b9ce..ff90fc7c6e 100644 --- a/rev/19/17.md +++ b/rev/19/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## both free and slave, the unimportant and the powerful ## +# I saw an angel standing in the sun -The angel uses these words together to mean all people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "the sun" is a metonym for the light of the sun. AT: "Then I saw an angel standing in the light of the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# both free and slave, the unimportant and the powerful + +The angel uses these two sets of opposite-meaning words together to mean all people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/19.md b/rev/19/19.md index 69fe983486..280ec59cd3 100644 --- a/rev/19/19.md +++ b/rev/19/19.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# The beast was captured and with him the false prophet + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The rider on the white horse captured the beast and the false prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the mark of the beast + +This was an identifying mark that indicated that the person who received it worshiped the beast. See how you translated this in [Revelation 13:17](../13/15.md). + +# The two of them were thrown alive + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God threw the beast and the false prophet alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the fiery lake of burning sulfur + +"the lake of fire that burns with sulfur" or "place full of fire that burns with sulfur" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/21.md b/rev/19/21.md index cd84860080..9a6b0c8d48 100644 --- a/rev/19/21.md +++ b/rev/19/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## The rest of them ## +# The rest of them were killed by the sword that came out of the mouth of the one who rode on the horse -"The remainder of the beast's army" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The rider of the horse killed the remainder of the beast's armies with the sword that extended from his mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the sword that came out of the mouth ## +# the sword that came out of the mouth -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:14](../01/14.md). \ No newline at end of file +The sword blade was sticking out of his mouth. The sword itself was not in motion. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:16](../01/14.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/19/intro.md b/rev/19/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d611b3572c --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/19/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Revelation 19 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Chapter 19 continues the material contained in chapter 18 and both should be seen as a single unit. + +Some translations set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 19:1-8, which are extended quotations, and possibly songs. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Songs ##### + +Heaven is often described as a place where people sing. These are songs of worship to God. This illustrates that heaven is a place where God is continually worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +##### Wedding celebration ##### + +The wedding celebration or feast is a very important image used in Scripture. In Jewish culture, paradise, or life with God after death, was often pictured as a feast. Here, Jesus pictures it as a wedding feast that a king prepares for his son, who has just gotten married. In addition, Jesus emphasizes that not all people whom God invites will properly prepare themselves to participate. These people will be thrown out from the feast. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/20/01.md b/rev/20/01.md index 38692e252c..9835d75076 100644 --- a/rev/20/01.md +++ b/rev/20/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Then I saw ## +# General Information: + +John begins to describe a vision of an angel throwing the devil into the bottomless pit. + +# Then I saw Here "I" refers to John. -## deep and endless pit ## +# bottomless pit -See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md). +This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md). -## dragon ## +# dragon -See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). +This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## a thousand years ## +# sealed it over him + +The angel sealed the pit to keep anyone from opening it. AT: "sealed it to prevent anyone from opening it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# deceive the nations + +Here "nations" is a metonym for the people of the earth. AT: "deceive the people-groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the thousand years "1,000 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## he must be set free ## +# he must be set free -AT: "God will command the angel to free him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will command the angel to free him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/20/04.md b/rev/20/04.md index f42724af30..7e150adeb1 100644 --- a/rev/20/04.md +++ b/rev/20/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## who had been beheaded ## +# General Information: -AT: "whose heads others had cut off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the next part of John's vision. He describes suddenly seeing thrones and the souls of believers. + +# who had been given authority to judge + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God had given authority to judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# who had been beheaded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "whose heads others had cut off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the testimony about Jesus and for the word of God + +"because they had spoken the truth about Jesus and about the word of God" + +# They came to life + +"They came back to life" or "They became alive again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/20/05.md b/rev/20/05.md index 9c78daa71f..22c63dba00 100644 --- a/rev/20/05.md +++ b/rev/20/05.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## The rest of the dead ## +# The rest of the dead "All of the other dead people" -## thousand years were ended ## +# the thousand years were ended "the end of the 1,000 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## The second death has no power over such as these ## +# Over these the second death has no power Here John describes "death" as a person with power. AT: "These people will not experience the second death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the second death ## +# the second death -See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:10](../02/10.md). \ No newline at end of file +"dying a second time." This is described as eternal punishment in the lake of fire in [Revelation 20:14](./13.md) and [Revelation 21:08](../21/07.md). See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:11](../02/10.md). AT: "the final death in the lake of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/20/07.md b/rev/20/07.md index 733f4f4d40..fd157097b5 100644 --- a/rev/20/07.md +++ b/rev/20/07.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## at the four corners of the earth ## +# Satan will be released from his prison -See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:1](../07/01.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will release Satan from his prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Gog and Magog ## +# at the four corners of the earth -These are the names that the prophet Ezekiel used to represent far away countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is an idiom that means "all over the earth." See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## They will be as many as the sand of the sea ## +# Gog and Magog + +These are the names that the prophet Ezekiel used to represent faraway countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# They will be as many as the sand of the sea This emphasizes the extremely large number of soldiers in Satan's army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/20/09.md b/rev/20/09.md index 6ab2563fbb..d6bea62b23 100644 --- a/rev/20/09.md +++ b/rev/20/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## They went ## +# They went "Satan's army went" -## lake of burning sulfur ## +# the beloved city -See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:19](../19/19.md). \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Jerusalem. + +# fire came down from heaven and devoured them + +Here John speaks of fire as if it were alive. AT: "God sent fire from heaven to burn them up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# The devil, who deceived them, was thrown into + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God threw the devil, who had deceived them, into" or "God's angel threw the devil, who had deceived them, into" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# lake of burning sulfur + +"the lake of fire that burns with sulfur" or "place full of fire that burns with sulfur." See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:20](../19/19.md). + +# where the beast and the false prophet had been thrown + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "where he had also thrown the beast and the false prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# They will be tormented + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will torment them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/20/11.md b/rev/20/11.md index 79df044105..54b2c7dba8 100644 --- a/rev/20/11.md +++ b/rev/20/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## The earth and the heaven fled away from his presence, but there was no place for them to go ## +# General Information: -John describes heaven and earth as a person who is trying to escape God's judgment. This means the presence of God completely destroyed the old heaven and earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This is the next part of John's vision. He describes suddenly seeing a great white throne and the dead being judged. -## the mighty and the unimportant ## +# The earth and the heaven fled away from his presence, but there was no place for them to go -John combines these words to mean all of the dead people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +John describes heaven and earth as if they were people who were trying to escape God's judgment. This means that God completely destroyed the old heaven and earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the books were opened ## +# the mighty and the unimportant -AT: "and the books were open" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +John combines these opposite-meaning words to mean all of the dead people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the books were opened + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone opened the books" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The dead were judged + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God judged the people who had died and now lived again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by what was recorded + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "by what he had recorded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/20/13.md b/rev/20/13.md index a334195db6..7a6f73d672 100644 --- a/rev/20/13.md +++ b/rev/20/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ -## ## +# The sea gave up the dead ... Death and Hades gave up the dead -the dead were judged** - AT: "God judged the dead people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here John speaks of the sea, death, and Hades as if they were living persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the second death ## +# the dead were judged -See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:10](../02/10.md). \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God judged the dead people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Death and Hades were thrown + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "God threw Death and Hades" or "God's angel threw Death and Hades" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Hades + +Here "Hades" is a metonym that represents the place where unbelievers go when they die, to wait for God's judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the second death + +"dying a second time." This is described as eternal punishment in the lake of fire in [Revelation 20:14](./13.md) and [Revelation 21:08](../21/07.md). See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:11](../02/10.md). AT: "the final death in the lake of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# If anyone's name was not found written + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "If God's angel did not find a person's name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# he was thrown into the lake of fire + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the angel threw him into the lake of fire" or "the angel threw him into the place where fire burns forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/20/intro.md b/rev/20/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..48effac77e --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/20/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Revelation 20 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is about a period of time often referred to as the "millennial kingdom" because it is a kingdom of a thousand years. This chapter is very significant for understanding the events of the last days and the book of Revelation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The thousand-year reign of Christ ##### +Jesus is said to reign for a thousand years. and all the prophecies in Scripture about worldwide peace will be fulfilled. Scholars are divided over whether this is an actual period of time or if it is an allegory for Christ beginning to reign in people's hearts. It is best to translate this as if Christ is physically reigning on earth for a thousand years and not attempt to input potential symbolism into the text. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +##### Final rebellion ##### +This chapter describes the period of time after Jesus' reign known as the final rebellion. During this time, Satan and many people will attempt to rebel against Jesus. This will result in God's ultimate and final victory over sin and evil before eternity begins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) + +##### Great white throne ##### +This is an important judgment in heaven after the final rebellion. During this judgment, people who have faith in God are separated from those who reject him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Book of life ##### +The is a metaphor for eternal life. Those possessing eternal life are said to have their names written in this book of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Hades and the lake of fire ##### +These appear to be two distinct places. The translator may wish to do further research to determine how to differentiate these two places, but they should not be equated with each other in translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/01.md b/rev/21/01.md index 29cb26434a..0683d7e0d6 100644 --- a/rev/21/01.md +++ b/rev/21/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I saw ## +# General Information: + +John begins to describe his vision of the new Jerusalem. + +# I saw Here "I" refers to John. -## like a bride adorned for her husband ## +# like a bride adorned for her husband -This emphasizes that the New Jerusalem was very beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +This compares the new Jerusalem to a bride who has made herself beautiful for her bridegroom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/03.md b/rev/21/03.md index 69fe983486..241a5f81b5 100644 --- a/rev/21/03.md +++ b/rev/21/03.md @@ -1 +1,15 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# a great voice from the throne saying + +The word "voice" refers to the one who speaks. AT: "someone speak loudly from the throne saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Look! + +The word "Look" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. + +# The dwelling place of God is with human beings, and he will live with them + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God will, indeed, live among men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# He will wipe away every tear from their eyes + +Tears here represent sadness. See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:17](../07/15.md). AT: "God will wipe away their sadness, like wiping away tears" or "God will cause them to not be sad anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/05.md b/rev/21/05.md index 26726f0ae6..15cffbc07d 100644 --- a/rev/21/05.md +++ b/rev/21/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End ## +# these words are trustworthy and true -These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined to emphasize that God is eternal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]). +Here "words" refers to the message that they formed. AT: "this message is trustworthy and true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the Alpha and the Omega ## +# the alpha and the omega, the beginning and the end -See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:7](../01/07.md). +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize God's eternal nature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]). -## To the one who thirsts...water of life ## +# the alpha and the omega -This means God will freely give eternal life to any person that really wants it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are 1) "the one who began all things and who ends all things" or 2) "the one who has always lived and who always will live". If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. AT: "the A and the Z" or "the first and the last." See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# the beginning and the end + +Possible meanings are 1) "the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end" or 2) "the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things." + +# To the one who thirsts ... water of life + +God speaks of a person's desire for eternal life as if it were thirst and of that person receiving eternal life as if he were drinking life-giving water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/07.md b/rev/21/07.md index 035cd7e6ba..8d7aaaa43f 100644 --- a/rev/21/07.md +++ b/rev/21/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## the cowardly ## +# Connecting Statement: + +The one seated on the throne continues to speak to John. + +# the cowards "those who are too afraid to do what is right" -## the detestable ## +# the detestable "those who do terrible things" -## the fiery lake of burning sulfur ## +# the fiery lake of burning sulfur -See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:19](../19/19.md). +"the lake of fire that burns with sulfur" or "place full of fire that burns with sulfur." See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:20](../19/19.md). -## the second death ## +# the second death -See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:10](../02/10.md). \ No newline at end of file +"dying a second time." This is described as eternal punishment in the lake of fire in [Revelation 20:14](../20/13.md) and [Revelation 21:08](./07.md). See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:11](../02/10.md). AT: "the final death in the lake of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/09.md b/rev/21/09.md index 7d26f27fb9..8306479c1d 100644 --- a/rev/21/09.md +++ b/rev/21/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the bride, the wife of the Lamb ## +# the bride, the wife of the Lamb -Here the imagery of a marriage represents Jesus being with his people and his holy city forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The angel speaks of Jerusalem as if it were a woman who is about to marry her groom, the Lamb. Jerusalem is metonymy for those who believers who will inhabit it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Lamb ## +# the Lamb -See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). +This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## Then he carried me away in the Spirit ## +# carried me away in the Spirit -See how you translated this in [Revelation 17:3](../17/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +The setting changes as John is taken to a high mountain where he can see the city of Jerusalem. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 17:3](../17/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/11.md b/rev/21/11.md index f91d167838..60cfc3745a 100644 --- a/rev/21/11.md +++ b/rev/21/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Jerusalem ## +# Jerusalem -"the heavenly Jerusalem" or "the new Jerusalem" +This refers to the "Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven" that he described in the previous verse and not to the physical Jerusalem. -## crystal ## +# like a very precious jewel, like a stone of crystal-clear jasper -See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md). +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the brilliance of Jerusalem by naming a specific jewel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## jasper ## +# crystal-clear -See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:1](../04/01.md). +"extremely clear" -## twelve gates ## +# jasper + +This is a valuable stone. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:3](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# twelve gates "12 gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## were written ## +# were written -AT: "God had written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone had written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/14.md b/rev/21/14.md index 9b4c1e22d1..f989d07cfe 100644 --- a/rev/21/14.md +++ b/rev/21/14.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -## Lamb ## +# Lamb This refers to Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/16.md b/rev/21/16.md index 4a041a15d3..16045935a5 100644 --- a/rev/21/16.md +++ b/rev/21/16.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] \ No newline at end of file +# twelve thousand stadia + +"12,000 stadia." You may convert this to modern measures. AT: "2,200 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) + +# 144 cubits + +"one hundred forty-four cubits." You may convert this to modern measures. AT: "66 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/18.md b/rev/21/18.md index 3c9ab0400b..56f22993f7 100644 --- a/rev/21/18.md +++ b/rev/21/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## jasper...emerald...carnelian ## +# The wall was built of jasper and the city of pure gold -See how you translated these in [Revelation 4:1](../04/01.md). +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone had built the wall with jasper and the city with pure gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## sapphire...agate...onyx...chrysolite...beryl...topaz...chrysoprase...jacinth...amethyst ## +# pure gold, like clear glass + +The gold was so clear that it is spoken of as if it were glass. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# The foundations of the wall were adorned + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone adorned the foundations of the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# jasper ... emerald ... carnelian + +These are valuable stones. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal, and carnelian may have been red. Emeralds are green. See how you translated these in [Revelation 4:3](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# sapphire ... agate ... onyx ... chrysolite ... beryl ... topaz ... chrysoprase ... jacinth ... amethyst These are all precious gems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/21.md b/rev/21/21.md index cea8207f0a..0e295a3256 100644 --- a/rev/21/21.md +++ b/rev/21/21.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## pearls ## +# pearls -See how you translated this in [Revelation 17:3](../17/03.md). +beautiful and valuable white beads. They are formed inside the shell of a certain kind of small animal that lives in the ocean. See how you translated this in [Revelation 17:4](../17/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## Lord God...and the Lamb are its temple ## +# each of the gates was made from a single pearl -The temple represented God's presence. This means the new Jerusalem does not need a temple since God and the Lamb will live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "someone had made each of the gates from a single pearl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# pure gold, like transparent glass + +The gold was so clear that it is spoken of as if it was glass. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 21:18](./18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# Lord God ... and the Lamb are its temple + +The temple represented God's presence. This means the new Jerusalem does not need a temple because God and the Lamb will live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/23.md b/rev/21/23.md index 0ffb9d5966..a26aaa8640 100644 --- a/rev/21/23.md +++ b/rev/21/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## its lamp is the Lamb ## +# its lamp is the Lamb -This means the glory of Jesus will also give light to the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the glory of Jesus, the Lamb, is spoken of as if it were a lamp that gives light to the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Its gates will not be shut ## +# Its gates will not be shut -AT: "No one will shut the gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "No one will shut the gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/26.md b/rev/21/26.md index 6dc7db17f5..316059be9b 100644 --- a/rev/21/26.md +++ b/rev/21/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## but only those whose names are written in the Lamb’s book of life ## +# They will bring -AT: "but only those whose names the Lamb wrote in his book of life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"The kings of the earth will bring" -## Lamb ## +# nothing unclean will ever enter into it, nor anyone -See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "only what is clean will ever enter, and never anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# but only those whose names are written in the Lamb's Book of Life + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "but only those whose names the Lamb wrote in his Book of Life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the Lamb + +This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/21/intro.md b/rev/21/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9dd6f4c80f --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/21/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Revelation 21 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter gives a detailed description of the new Jerusalem. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Second death ##### +Death is a type of separation. The first death is a physical death, the separation of the soul from the body. The second death is the eternal separation from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/soul]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Book of life ##### +The is a metaphor for eternal life. Those possessing eternal life are said to have their names written in this book of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### New heaven and new earth ##### +It is unclear whether this is an entirely new heaven and earth or if it is remade out of the present heaven and earth. The same is also true of the new Jerusalem. It is possible this will affect translation in some languages. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/01.md b/rev/22/01.md index d9ea9b8d95..adb0645b96 100644 --- a/rev/22/01.md +++ b/rev/22/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## showed me ## +# Connecting Statement: + +John continues to describe the new Jerusalem as the angel shows it to him. + +# showed me Here "me" refers to John. -## clear as crystal ## +# the river of the water of life -See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md). +"the river flowing with life-giving water" -## Lamb ## +# the water of life -See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). +Eternal life is spoken of as if it were provided by life-giving water. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## twelve kinds of fruit ## +# the Lamb -"12 kinds of fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# the nations + +Here "nations" refers to the people who live in every nation. AT: "the people of all nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/03.md b/rev/22/03.md index 21651d9238..b8fee4b2da 100644 --- a/rev/22/03.md +++ b/rev/22/03.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## his servants will serve him ## +# There will no longer be any curse -Possible meanings of "his" and "him" are 1) it refers to God the Father, or 2) it refers to God the Lamb, or 3) it refers to both God the Father and the Lamb who rule together as one. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "There will never be anyone there that God will curse" or 2) "There will not be anyone there who is under God's curse" + +# his servants will serve him + +Possible meanings of "his" and "him" are 1) both words refer to God the Father, or 2) both words refer to both God and the Lamb, who rule together as one. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/06.md b/rev/22/06.md index 31b2f077ba..8c63e8b54f 100644 --- a/rev/22/06.md +++ b/rev/22/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## These words are reliable and true ## +# General Information: -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 21:5](../21/05.md). +This is the beginning of the end of John's vision. In verse 6 the angel is speaking to John. In verse 7, Jesus is speaking, as is stated in the UDB. -## Look! I am coming soon ## +# These words are trustworthy and true -The quotation marks before this sentence show that the speaker changes between verse 6 and verse 7. Jesus is now speaking in verse 7, as is stated in the UDB. \ No newline at end of file +Here "words" refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:5](../21/05.md). AT: "This message is trustworthy and true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the God of the spirits of the prophets + +Possible meanings are 1) the word "spirits" refers to the inward disposition of the prophets and indicates that God inspires them. AT: "God who inspires the prophets" or 2) the word "spirits" refers to the Holy Spirit who inspires the prophets. AT: "God who gives his Spirit to the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Look! + +Here Jesus begins to speak. The word "Look" adds emphasis to what follows. + +# I am coming soon! + +It is understood that he is coming in order to judge. See how you translated this in [Revelation 3:11](../03/09.md). AT: "I am coming to judge soon!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/08.md b/rev/22/08.md index 18a14987f9..5fd6b1aa01 100644 --- a/rev/22/08.md +++ b/rev/22/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## prostrated ## +# General Information: -This means to lay on the ground and stretch out. It was an important part of worship, to show respect and willingness to serve. \ No newline at end of file +John tells his readers about how he responded to the angel. + +# I prostrated myself + +This means that John lay on the ground and stretch himself out in reverence or submission. This action was an important part of worship, to show respect and willingness to serve. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/10.md b/rev/22/10.md index 11a60072a6..1e7e37e807 100644 --- a/rev/22/10.md +++ b/rev/22/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## He said to me ## +# Connecting Statement: -"The angel said to me" \ No newline at end of file +The angel finishes speaking to John. + +# Do not seal up ... this book + +To seal a book was to keep it closed with something that makes it impossible for anyone to read what was inside without breaking the seal. The angel is telling John not to keep the message a secret. AT: "Do not keep secret ... this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the words of the prophecy of this book + +Here "words" refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 22:7](./06.md). AT: "This prophetic message of this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/12.md b/rev/22/12.md index 821fa225b4..61f822e66c 100644 --- a/rev/22/12.md +++ b/rev/22/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End ## +# General Information: -These three phrases share similar meanings and are combined to emphasize that Jesus has been here for all time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]). +As the book of Revelation is ending, Jesus gives a closing greeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## the Alpha and the Omega ## +# the alpha and the omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end -See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:7](../01/07.md). +These three phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Jesus has and will exist for all time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]). -## Alpha and Omega ## +# the alpha and the omega -this should be culturally interpreted. For example, alpha and omega mean nothing to someone who doesn't have knowledge of the Greek alphabet, so they should find an appropriate equivalent in their language/for their culture. +These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are 1) "the one who began all things and who ends all things" or 2) "the one who has always lived and who always will live." If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. AT: "the A and the Z" or "the first and the last." See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## the First and the Last ## +# the first and the last -See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). +This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## the Beginning and the End ## +# the beginning and the end -See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:5](../21/05.md). \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end" or 2) "the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things." See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/05.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/14.md b/rev/22/14.md index e3d6ebc1c3..47525ec00a 100644 --- a/rev/22/14.md +++ b/rev/22/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## wash their robes...eat from the tree of life ## +# Connecting Statement: -people who are spiritually clean are able to enjoy the fruits of eternal life - living with God forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus continues giving his closing greeting. -## Outside ## +# those who wash their robes + +Becoming righteous is spoken of as if it were washing one's clothing. See how you translated as similar phrase in [Revelation 7:14](../07/13.md). AT: "those who have become righteous, as if they have washed their robes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Outside This means they are outside the city and not allowed to enter. -## are the dogs ## +# are the dogs -In that culture the dog was an unclean and despised animal. It represents people who are wicked. \ No newline at end of file +In that culture the dog was an unclean, despised animal. Here the word "dogs" is derogatory and refers to people who are wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/16.md b/rev/22/16.md index 7e3cd9f03b..1caf49f9d8 100644 --- a/rev/22/16.md +++ b/rev/22/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## to testify to you ## +# to testify to you -Here "you" is plural. +Here the word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## root and descendant of David ## +# the root and the descendant of David -The words "root" and "descendant" mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that Jesus belongs to the family of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]). +The words "root" and "descendant" mean basically the same thing. Jesus speaks of being a "descendant" as if he were a "root" that grew out of David. Together the words emphasize that Jesus belongs to the family of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]). -## the bright Morning Star ## +# the bright morning star -This refers to the bright star that appears early in the morning and indicates that daylight is coming soon. This also represents Jesus as the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesus speaks of himself as if he were the bright star that sometimes appears early in the morning and indicates that a new day is about to begin. See how you translated "morning star" in [Revelation 2:28](../02/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/17.md b/rev/22/17.md index 6c9138ae78..e17d02b11c 100644 --- a/rev/22/17.md +++ b/rev/22/17.md @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ -## whoever is thirsty...the water of life ## +# Connecting Statement: -This means God will freely give eternal life to any person that really wants it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This verse is a response to what Jesus said. + +# the Bride + +Believers are spoken of as if they were a bride about to be married to her groom, Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Come! + +Possible meanings are 1) that this is an invitation for people to come and drink the water of life. AT: "Come and drink!" or 2) that this is a polite request for Jesus to return. AT: "Please come!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Whoever is thirsty ... the water of life + +A person's desire for eternal life is spoken of as if it were thirst and of that person receiving eternal life as if he were drinking life-giving water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the water of life + +Eternal life is spoken of as if it were provided by life-giving water. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/18.md b/rev/22/18.md index 1703d25fda..e367bdcb74 100644 --- a/rev/22/18.md +++ b/rev/22/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## I testify ## +# General Information: + +John gives his final remarks about the book of Revelation. + +# I testify Here "I" refers to John. -## If anyone adds to them...if anyone takes away ## +# the words of the prophecy of this book + +Here "words" refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 22:7](./06.md). AT: "This prophetic message of this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# If anyone adds to them ... If anyone takes away This is a strong warning to not change anything about this prophecy. -## written about in this book ## +# that are written about in this book -AT: "which I have written about in this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "which I have written about in this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/20.md b/rev/22/20.md index 6f5b5e559f..3d782d0d22 100644 --- a/rev/22/20.md +++ b/rev/22/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I am coming soon ## +# General Information: -Here "I" refers to Jesus. +In these verses John gives his and Jesus' closing greetings. -## everyone ## +# The one who testifies -"every one of you." \ No newline at end of file +"Jesus, who testifies" + +# everyone + +"every one of you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/22/intro.md b/rev/22/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..06ddf8a4fb --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/22/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Revelation 22 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter emphasizes that the prophecies of the book of Revelation are going to take place soon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Tree of life ##### +There is probably an intended connection between the tree of life in the Garden of Eden and the tree of life mentioned here. The curse that began in Eden will end at this time. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Alpha and Omega ##### + +These are the names of the first and last letters in the Greek alphabet. The ULB spells out their names in English. This strategy can serve as a model for other translators. Some translators, however, may decide to use the first and last letters in their own alphabet, for example, "A and Z" in English. +## Links: ## + +* __[Revelation 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../21/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rev/front/intro.md b/rev/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..350d78ee45 --- /dev/null +++ b/rev/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +# Introduction to Revelation # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Revelation #### + +1. Opening (1:1-20) +1. Letters to the seven churches (2:1-3:22) +1. Vision of God in heaven, and a vision of the Lamb (4:1-11) +1. The seven seals (6:1-8:1) +1. The seven trumpets (8:2-13:18) +1. Worshipers of the Lamb, the martyrs, and the harvest of wrath (14:1-20) +1. The seven bowls (15:1-18:24) +1. Worship in heaven (19:1-10) +1. The Lamb's judgment, the destruction of the beast, the thousand years, the destruction of Satan, and the final judgment (20:11-15) +1. The new creation, the new Jerusalem (21:1-22:5) +1. Jesus' promise to return, the witness from the angels, John's closing words, Christ's message to his church, the invitation and the warning (22:6-21) + +#### What is the Book of Revelation about? #### + +Revelation talks about "the end of time." Many commentators understand this to be the entire period of the Christian church, because it has always been under attack. Other interpreters view Revelation's description of events as relating to a more tightly limited period closer to Christ's return to earth. While some of the book gives specific words of prophecy to churches, most of the events described in the book concern the wrath of God being poured out on creation. During this time, the opposition of the antichrist will unfold over a period of seven years. Ultimately, Jesus will be victorious, and all who put their trust in him will live forever with him. This book warns its readers and gives them assurance that God is in control. Eventually, evil and sin will come to an end. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Revelation," "The Revelation of Jesus Christ," "The Revelation to Saint John," or "The Apocalypse of John." Or they may choose a possibly clearer title, such as "The Things that Jesus Christ Showed to John." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Revelation? #### + +The Book of Revelation was probably written by the apostle John. He wrote the Book of Revelation while on the island of Patmos, where he was exiled for preaching the good news about Jesus Christ. + +#### What type of writing is the Book of Revelation? #### + +John uses many images throughout the book to describe the things he saw. He uses a special style typical of writing about the end of this world. Many symbols and events symbolic of other events are usually present in such writing, as well as many dreams and visions. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Are the events of Revelation past or future? #### + +Scholars have many different theories about the Book of Revelation. Some treat the events of the book as symbols, while others treat them as being fulfilled (at least in part) by the destruction of the Jewish temple in A.D. 70. Others believe that the events of the book are entirely set in the future. It is probable that at least many of the events are still for future fulfillment, and that any fulfillment of these prophecies in the past was either partial or a foreshadowing of what would eventually come. If this is allowed by the project language's preferences, the translator should leave the prophecies in the tense they are found in the ULB. + +#### How does the Book of Revelation relate to the rest of scripture? #### + +While the Book of Revelation is very different than the rest of scripture, it is rooted in the Old Testament understanding of the end times. Revelation, Daniel, Ezekiel, Zechariah and a number of other books are all thematically related to each other; they form one cohesive account of the end times. Because of their shared imagery and background, it may be beneficial to translate Revelation about the same time that one translates Daniel. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### Does one need to understand the Book of Revelation in order to translate it? #### + +One does not need to have a definite understanding of the theology of the Book of Revelation in order to properly translate it. Symbols should not be given any possible identification to their meaning. The same holds true for numbers, which have great significance in the Book of Revelation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +#### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in Revelation ULB? #### + +The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, Revelation ULB uses the following principles: +* In one passage, the context mainly implies moral holiness. Here, the ULB uses "holy." (See: 22:11) +* Usually the context in Revelation mainly indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, Revelation ULB uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 5:8; 8:3, 4; 11:18; 13:7; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:20, 24; 19:8; 20:9) + +As translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions, they will often be helped by the choices made in the ULB. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Revelation? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of Revelation: + +* "'I am the Alpha and the Omega,' says the Lord God, 'the one who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty'" (1:8). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some versions add the phrase "the Beginning and the End." +* "the elders lay down and worshiped" (5:14). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older versions have, "the twenty-four elders lay down and worshiped the one who lives forever and ever." +* "so that a third of it [the earth] was burned up" (8:7). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older versions omit this phrase. +* Some manuscripts add the phrase "and who is to come" (11:17). But the ULB, UDB, and most modern versions do not. +* Some manuscripts add the phrase "before the throne of God" (14:5). But the ULB, UDB, and most modern versions do not. +* "the one who is and who was, the Holy One" (ULB) (16:5). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older manuscripts read, "O Lord, the One who is and who was and who is to be." +* "The nations will walk by the light of that city" (21:24). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older manuscripts read, "The nations that are saved will walk by the light of that city." +* "Blessed are those who wash their robes" (22:14). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older manuscripts read "Blessed are those who do his commandments." +* "God will take away his share in the tree of life and in the holy city" (22:19). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older manuscripts read, "God will take away his share in the book of life and in the holy city." + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) + +##### Periods of time ##### +There are many different periods of time referenced in Revelation. For example, there are many references to forty-two months, seven years, and three and a half days. Scholars are divided over whether or not these time periods are symbolic. The translator should treat these time periods as referencing actual periods of time. It is then up to the interpreter to determine their significance or what they may represent. It is also probable that these time periods give the Book of Revelation some overall structure, but the exact chronology of these events is very difficult to determine. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/01.md b/rom/01/01.md index 80a6c2af62..49fe3fe7f3 100644 --- a/rom/01/01.md +++ b/rom/01/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Paul ## +# Paul -“From Paul.” Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. This could be translated as “I, Paul, wrote this letter.” You may also need to tell who the letter is to ([Romans 1:1](./01.md), see UDB). +Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. You may also need to tell in this same verse who the people are to whom Paul wrote the letter ([Romans 1:7](./07.md)). AT: "I, Paul, wrote this letter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## called to be an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God ## +# called to be an apostle, and set apart for the gospel of God -This could be translated as a new sentence and with active verbs. AT: "God called me to be an apostle and chose me to tell people about the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God called me to be an apostle and chose me to tell people about the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## called ## +# called -Here this means that God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus +This means that God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus. -## he promised before by his prophets in the holy scriptures ## +# This is the gospel that he promised beforehand by his prophets in the holy scriptures -God promised his people that he would set up his kingdom. He told the prophets to write these promises in the scriptures. +God promised his people that he would set up his kingdom. He told the prophets to write these promises in the Scriptures. -## concerning his Son ## +# It is about his Son -This refers to "the gospel of God," the good news that God was to send his Son into the world. +This refers to "the gospel of God," the good news that God promised to send his Son into the world. -## who was born out of the descendants of David according to the flesh ## +# Son -Here the word "flesh" refers to the physical body. AT: "who is a descendant of David according to the physical nature" or "who was born into the family of David" \ No newline at end of file +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# who was born from the descendants of David according to the flesh + +Here the word "flesh" refers to the physical body. AT: "who is a descendant of David according to the physical nature" or "who was born into the family of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/04.md b/rom/01/04.md index da99f4fc59..bd54a51ec7 100644 --- a/rom/01/04.md +++ b/rom/01/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## He was declared ## +# Connecting Statement: -The word "he" refers to Jesus Christ. The phrase "was declared" could be restated with an active verb. AT: "God declared him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Paul talks here about his obligation to preach. -## spirit of holiness ## +# By resurrection from the dead ones + +"by raising him from among the people who are dead" + +# he was declared to be the powerful Son of God + +The word "he" refers to Jesus Christ. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God declared him to be the powerful Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the powerful Son of God + +Jesus' resurrection proves that he was and is "the Son of God." This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# Spirit of holiness This refers to the Holy Spirit. -## by the resurrection from the dead ## +# we have received grace and apostleship -AT: "by bringing him back to life after he died" +God has given Paul the gift of being an apostle. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God caused me to be an apostle. This is a special privilege" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## we have received grace and apostleship ## +# we -AT: "God has graciously given me a gift. He has appointed me to be an apostle" or "God has given me the gracious gift of being an apostle" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here the word "we" refers to Paul and to the apostles that followed Jesus but excludes the believers in the church in Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## we ## +# for obedience of faith among all the nations, for the sake of his name -Here the word "we" refers to Paul and to the 12 apostles that followed Jesus but excludes the believers in the church in Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) - -## for obedience of faith among all the nations, for the sake of his name ## - -Paul uses the word "name" to refer to Jesus. AT: "in order to teach all nations to obey because of their faith in Him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul uses the word "name" as a metonym to refer to Jesus. AT: "in order to teach all nations to obey because of their faith in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/07.md b/rom/01/07.md index 0a283ce0a0..86c48bddf1 100644 --- a/rom/01/07.md +++ b/rom/01/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## to all who are in Rome, the beloved of God, and who are called to be saints ## +# This letter is to all who are in Rome, the beloved of God, who are called to be holy people -This can be translated as a new sentence and with an active verb. AT: "I am writing this letter to all of you in Rome whom God loves and has chosen to become his people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "I am writing this letter to all of you in Rome whom God loves and has chosen to become his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## grace to you and peace ## +# May grace be to you, and peace -This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: “May grace and peace be yours." \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "May God give you grace and peace" or "May God bless you and give you inner peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# God our Father + +The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/08.md b/rom/01/08.md index d83f93c781..deafccf5ee 100644 --- a/rom/01/08.md +++ b/rom/01/08.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## the whole world ## +# the whole world -This is an exaggeration referring to the world they knew, which in their case would mean the Roman Empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +the world Paul and his readers knew and could travel in, which was the Roman Empire -## For God is my witness ## +# For God is my witness Paul emphasizes that he earnestly prays for them and that God has seen him praying. The word "for" is often left untranslated. -## in my spirit ## +# in my spirit -Here this means that a person's spirit is the part of him that can know God and believe in him. +A person's spirit is the part of him that can know God and believe in him. -## I make mention of you ## +# the gospel of his Son + +The good news (gospel) of the Bible is that the Son of God has given himself as the Savior of the world. + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# I make mention of you "I talk to God about you" -## always in my prayers requesting that...I may be successful...in coming to you ## +# I always request in my prayers that ... I may at last be successful ... in coming to you -AT: "every time I pray, I ask God that...I may succeed...in coming to visit you" +"Every time I pray, I ask God that ... I may succeed ... in coming to visit you" -## by any means ## +# by any means -AT: "in whatever way God allows" +"in whatever way God allows" -## at last ## +# at last -AT: "eventually" or "finally" +"eventually" or "finally" -## by the will of God ## +# by the will of God -AT: "because God desires it" \ No newline at end of file +"because God desires it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/11.md b/rom/01/11.md index 3f416222c4..40309c0a50 100644 --- a/rom/01/11.md +++ b/rom/01/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## For I desire to see you ## +# Connecting Statement: -"For I want to see you" +Paul continues his opening statements to the people in Rome by stating his desire to see them in person. -## For ## +# For I desire to see you -AT: "because" +"Because I really want to see you" -## some spiritual gift in order to establish you ## +# some spiritual gift, in order to strengthen you -AT: "some gift from the Holy Spirit that will help and strengthen you" +Paul wants to strengthen the Roman Christians spiritually. AT: "some gift that will help you to grow spiritually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## that is, to be mutually encouraged among you, through each other's faith, yours' and mine ## +# That is, I long to be mutually encouraged among you, through each other's faith, yours and mine -AT: "I mean that I want us to encourage each other by sharing our experiences of faith in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "I mean that I want us to encourage each other by sharing our experiences of faith in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/13.md b/rom/01/13.md index 68b64c372e..e11ea7a581 100644 --- a/rom/01/13.md +++ b/rom/01/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## I do not want you to be unaware ## +# I do not want you to be uninformed -Paul is emphasizing that he wanted them to have this information. AT: "I want you to know the following:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Paul is emphasizing that he wanted them to have this information. You can translate this double negative in a positive form. AT: "I want you to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## brothers ## +# brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## and was hindered until now ## +# but I was hindered until now -"something has always prevented me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "something has always prevented me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## have some fruit ## +# in order to have a harvest among you -"Fruit" represents people in Rome whom Paul wants to lead to believe the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "harvest" is a metaphor that represents people in Rome whom Paul wants to believe the gospel. AT: "that more people among you might trust in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## just as there was among the rest of the Gentiles ## +# the rest of the Gentiles -"just as people have come to believe the gospel in other Gentile nations" +the the Gentiles in the other regions where he had gone -## I am debtor both to ## +# I am a debtor both to -"I must take the gospel to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Using the metaphor "debtor," Paul speaks of his duty to serve God as if he owed God a financial debt. AT: "I must take the gospel to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/16.md b/rom/01/16.md index 081f14ef18..ffb951d204 100644 --- a/rom/01/16.md +++ b/rom/01/16.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## For I am not ashamed ## +# I am not ashamed of the gospel -Paul explains why he wants to preach the gospel in Rome. +You can translate this in a positive form. AT: "I trust completely in the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## I am not ashamed of the gospel ## +# it is the power of God for salvation for everyone who believes -AT: "I am confident when I speak about the gospel, even if many people reject it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Here "believes" means that one puts his trust in Christ. AT: "it is through the gospel that God powerfully saves those who put their trust in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## For in it ## +# for the Jew first and for the Greek -"It" refers to the gospel. Paul explains why he preaches the gospel with confidence. +"for Jewish people and also for Greek people" -## it is the power of God for salvation for everyone who believes ## +# first -AT: "it is through the gospel God powerfully saves those who believe in Christ" +Here "first" means coming before all others in order of time. -## to the Jew first and to the Greek ## +# For in it -AT: "to Jewish people and to Greek people" +Here "it" refers to the gospel. Paul explains why he completely trusts in the gospel. -## first ## +# God's righteousness is revealed from faith to faith -Possible meanings are 1) "first in order of time" or 2) "most importantly." +Paul speaks about the gospel message as if it were an object that God could physically show to people. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God has told us that it is by faith from beginning to end that people become righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## God's righteousness is revealed from faith to faith ## +# as it has been written -"God has revealed that it is by faith from beginning to end that people become righteous" AT: "God has revealed his righteousness to those who have faith, and as a result they have more faith" or "Because God is faithful, he reveals his righteousness, and as a result people have more faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "as someone has written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## The righteous will live by faith ## +# The righteous will live by faith -AT: "It is people who trust in God that he considers right with him, and they will live forever" \ No newline at end of file +Here "righteous" refers to those who trust in God. AT: "It is people who trust in God that he considers right with him, and they will live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/18.md b/rom/01/18.md index fee11c010c..ef589e18f8 100644 --- a/rom/01/18.md +++ b/rom/01/18.md @@ -1,31 +1,27 @@ -## For the wrath ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul explains why people need to hear the gospel. +Paul reveals God's great anger against sinful man. -## the wrath of God is revealed ## +# For the wrath of God is revealed -AT: "God reveals his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Paul explains why people need to hear the gospel. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Because God reveals his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## against ## +# against -AT: "toward" +"toward" -## all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people ## +# all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people -AT: "all the ungodly and unrighteous things that people do" +"all the ungodly and unrighteous things that people do" -## hold back the truth ## +# hold back the truth -AT: "they hide the true information about God" +Here "truth" refers to true information about God. AT: "hide the true information about God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## that which is known about God is visible to them ## +# that which is known about God is visible to them -AT: "they can know about God because of what they can see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "they can know about God because of what they can plainly see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For God ## +# For God has enlightened them -Paul shows why these people know things about God. - -## God has enlightened them ## - -AT: "God has shown it to them" \ No newline at end of file +Here "enlightened them" means God has shown them the truth about him. AT: "Because God has shown everyone what he is like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/20.md b/rom/01/20.md index 2c2f4c7941..9fa5ccb539 100644 --- a/rom/01/20.md +++ b/rom/01/20.md @@ -1,35 +1,27 @@ -## For ## +# For his invisible qualities ... have been clearly seen -Paul explains how God revealed himself to humankind. +Paul speaks of people understanding God's invisible qualities as if people have seen those qualities. This can be translated in active form. AT: "For people have clearly understood God's invisible qualities, namely his eternal power and divine nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the unseen things about him have been clearly visible ## +# divine nature -The "unseen things" refer to what cannot be seen with the eye. They are "clearly visible" because people understand that they are there even though they cannot see them with their eyes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]; see [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"all the qualities and characteristics of God" or "the things about God that make him God" -## world ## +# world This refers to the heavens and the earth, as well as everything in them. -## divine nature ## +# in the things that have been made -AT: "all the qualities and characteristics of God" or "the things about God that make him God" +This can be translated in active form. AT: "because of the things that God has made" or "because people have seen the things that God has made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## being understood by the created things ## +# they are without excuse -AT: "people can understand about God by looking at the things he has made." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"these people can never say that they did not know" -## they are without excuse ## +# became foolish in their thoughts -AT: "they can never say that they did not know" +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "began to think foolish things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## they ## +# their senseless hearts were darkened -the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](./18.md) - -## became foolish in their thoughts ## - -AT: "began to think foolish things" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## their senseless heart was darkened ## - -This expression uses the idea of the heart becoming dark to mean that they lacked understanding. AT: "their heart no longer could understand" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "darkness" is a metaphor that represents the people's lack of understanding. AT: "they became unable to understand what God wanted them to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/22.md b/rom/01/22.md index e2b2eb574e..f398a251a0 100644 --- a/rom/01/22.md +++ b/rom/01/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Claiming themselves to be wise, they became foolish ## +# They claimed to be wise, but they became foolish -AT: "While they were claiming that they were wise, they became foolish" +"While they were claiming that they were wise, they became foolish" -## themselves…they ## +# They ... they -the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](./18.md) +the people in [Romans 1:18](./18.md) -## exchanged the glory of the imperishable God ## +# exchanged the glory of the imperishable God -AT: "traded the truth that God is glorious and will never die" or "stopped believing that God is glorious and will never die" +"traded the truth that God is glorious and will never die" or "stopped believing that God is glorious and will never die" -## for the likeness of an image of ## +# for the likenesses of an image of -AT: "and instead chose to worship idols that were made to look like" +"and instead chose to worship idols that looked like" -## perishable man ## +# perishable man -AT: "some human being that will die" \ No newline at end of file +"some human being that will die" + +# of birds, of four-footed beasts, and of creeping things + +"or that looked like birds, four-footed beasts, or creeping things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/24.md b/rom/01/24.md index a3318bc681..01d4e51bb3 100644 --- a/rom/01/24.md +++ b/rom/01/24.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Therefore ## +# Therefore -AT: "Because of this" +"Because of this" -## God gave them over to ## +# God gave them over to -AT: "God allowed them to indulge in" (see also "God allowed,"[Romans 1:26](./26.md) and [Romans 1:28](./28.md)). +"God allowed them to indulge in" -## them…their…themselves…they ## +# them ... their ... themselves ... they the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](./18.md) -## the lusts of their hearts for uncleanness ## +# the lusts of their hearts for uncleanness -AT: "the morally impure things they longed for" +Here "lusts of their hearts" is a synecdoche that represents the evil things they wanted to do. AT: "the morally impure things they desired greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## for their bodies to be dishonored among themselves ## +# for their bodies to be dishonored among themselves -They committed sexually immoral and degrading acts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a euphemism that means they committed immoral sexual acts. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "and they committed sexually immoral and degrading acts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## instead of ## +# who worshiped and served the creation -Possible meanings are 1) "rather than" or 2) "along with" \ No newline at end of file +Here "creation" refers to what God created. AT: "They worshiped things that God created" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# instead of + +"rather than" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/26.md b/rom/01/26.md index ba096b8ca4..9a4967835a 100644 --- a/rom/01/26.md +++ b/rom/01/26.md @@ -1,39 +1,39 @@ -## this ## +# this -AT: "idolatry and sexual sin" +"idolatry and sexual sin" -## God gave them over to ## +# God gave them over to -AT: "God allowed them to indulge in" +"God allowed them to indulge in" -## dishonorable passions ## +# dishonorable passions -AT: "shameful sexual desires" +"shameful sexual desires" -## for their women ## +# for their women -AT: "because their women" +"because their women" -## their women ## +# exchanged natural relations for those that were unnatural -the women of the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](./18.md) +The idea of relations "that were unnatural" is a euphemism for immoral sexuality. AT: "started practicing sexuality in a way God did not design" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## exchanged their natural functions for that which is against nature ## +# men also left their natural relations with women -AT: "started practicing sexuality in a way God did not design" +Here "natural relations" is a euphemism for sexual relationships. AT: "many men stopped having natural sexual desire for women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## burned in their lust ## +# burned in their lust for one another -AT: "experienced fierce sexual desire" +"experienced strong sexual desire for other men" -## inappropriate ## +# shameless -AT: "disgraceful" or "indecent" or "sinful" +"disgraceful" or "sinful" -## receiving in themselves the penalty that was due their perversion ## +# received in themselves the penalty they deserved for their perversion -A new sentence could be started: "They received the appropriate punishment from God for their perversion" +Here "in themselves" refers to "in their bodies." You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God has punished them by sicknesses in their bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## perversion ## +# perversion behavior that is evil and disgusting \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/28.md b/rom/01/28.md index 26ce5a13a8..bcf3a2d92c 100644 --- a/rom/01/28.md +++ b/rom/01/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## As they did not approve of having God in their awareness ## +# Because they did not approve of having God in their awareness -AT: "They did not think it was necessary to know God" +"They did not think it was necessary to know God" -## they...their...them ## +# they ... their ... them -the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](./18.md) +These words refer to the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](./18.md). -## he gave them up to a depraved mind ## +# he gave them up to a depraved mind -AT: “God allowed their mind filled with immorality to control them” +Here "a depraved mind" means a mind that thinks only about immoral things. AT: "God allowed their minds, which they had filled with worthless and immoral thoughts, to completely control them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## not proper ## +# not proper -AT: "disgraceful" or "indecent" or "sinful" \ No newline at end of file +"disgraceful" or "sinful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/29.md b/rom/01/29.md index 47dcc674c3..ec24d54456 100644 --- a/rom/01/29.md +++ b/rom/01/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## They have been filled with ## +# They have been filled with -"they have in them a strong desire for" or "they strongly desire to do deeds of" (see UDB) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "They have in them a strong desire for" or "They strongly desire to do deeds of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They ## +# They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and evil intentions -the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](./18.md) \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Many are constantly envying other people ... Many constantly desire to murder people ... to cause arguments and quarrels among people ... to deceive others ... to speak hatefully about others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# slanderers + +A slanderer says false things about another person in order to damage that person's reputation. + +# They are inventors of evil things + +"They try to think of new ways to do evil things to others" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/32.md b/rom/01/32.md index cf0832f7b9..ff6dcca423 100644 --- a/rom/01/32.md +++ b/rom/01/32.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## They understand the requirement of God ## +# They understand the regulations of God -They know God wants them to live in his righteous way. +"They know how God wants them to live" -## practice such things ## +# that those who practice such things -AT: "do wicked deeds" +Here "practice" refers to continually or habitually doing things that are evil. AT: "and that those who keep on doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## worthy of death ## +# are deserving of death -AT: "they deserve to die" +"deserve to die" -## but they not only do ## +# these things -A new sentence could be started. AT: "Nevertheless, they not only do these things" \ No newline at end of file +"these kinds of evil things" + +# who do them + +Here the verb "do" refers to continuing to do things that are evil. AT: "who keep on doing evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/intro.md b/rom/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..80024a54df --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Romans 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +The first verse is a type of introduction and was typical of a letter in the ancient Mediterranean region. Sometimes this is called a "salutation." + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The gospel ##### +This chapter refers to the contents of the book of Romans as "the gospel" ([Romans 1:2](./01.md)). Romans is not a gospel like Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. Instead, chapters 1-8 are a presentation of the biblical gospel: Jesus died for the sins of mankind and was raised again as proof of eternal life for those who believe in him. + +##### Fruit ##### +The imagery of fruit is used in this chapter. The image of fruit usually refers to a person's faith producing acts of righteousness in their life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fruit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +== Universal Condemnation and the Wrath of God== +This chapter explains that the whole world is without excuse and has enough knowledge to seek after and believe in the true God, Yahweh. Because of man's sin and depravity, all of mankind is deserving of a punishment of death to appease the wrath of God. This wrath was satisfied by the death of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "God gave them over" ##### +Many scholars view the phrases "God gave them over" and "God gave them up" as theologically significant. For this reason, it is important to translate these phrases with God playing a passive role in the action. God simply allows men to pursue their own desires, he does not force them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Difficult phrases and concepts ##### + +There are many abstract concepts in this chapter and Paul's personal style makes many of the phrases in this chapter difficult to translate. The translator may need to use the UDB to understand the meaning of the phrases and it may be necessary to use more freedom in translating these phrases. The difficult phrases include: "obedience of faith," "whom I serve in my spirit," "from faith to faith" and "exchanged the glory of the imperishable God for the likenesses of an image of perishable man." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Romans intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/01.md b/rom/02/01.md index 1e2ca82f1f..7356a8b4b5 100644 --- a/rom/02/01.md +++ b/rom/02/01.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -Paul begins an argument with an imaginary Jewish person. +# Connecting Statement: -## Therefore you are without excuse ## +Paul has affirmed all men are sinners and continues to remind them that all people are wicked. -The word "therefore" marks a new section of the letter. It also makes a concluding statement based on what was said in [Romans 1:32](../01/32.md). AT: "Since God will punish those who continually sin, he will certainly not excuse your sins" +# Therefore you are without excuse -## you are ## +The word "therefore" marks a new section of the letter. It also makes a concluding statement based on what Paul said in [Romans 1:1-32](../01/32.md). AT: "Since God will punish those who continually sin, he will certainly not excuse your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Paul is not talking to a real person. He is acting like a Jewish person who is arguing with him. Paul is doing this to teach his audience that God will punish everyone who continually sins, whether Jew or Gentile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +# you are -## you ## +Paul is writing here as if he were addressing a Jewish person who is arguing with him. Paul is doing this to teach his audience that God will punish everyone who continually sins, whether Jew or Gentile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -Here the word "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) +# you -## you person, you who judge ## +Here the pronoun "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -Here the word "person" is used to scold or mock someone who thinks he can act like God and judge others. This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "You are just a human being, yet you judge others and say they deserve God's punishment" +# you person, you who judge -## for what you judge in another you condemn in yourself ## +Paul uses the word "person" here to scold anyone who might think he can act like God and judge others. AT: "You are just a human being, yet you judge others and say they deserve God's punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "But you are only judging yourself because you do the same wicked deeds as they do" +# for what you judge in another you condemn in yourself -## But we know ## +"But you are only judging yourself because you do the same wicked deeds as they do" -This may include Christian believers and also Jews who are not Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +# But we know -## God's judgment is according to truth when it falls on those ## +Here the pronoun "we" may include Christian believers and also Jews who are not Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -AT: "God will judge those people truly and fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# God's judgment is according to truth when it falls on those -## those who practice such things ## +Here Paul speaks of "God's judgment" as if it were alive and could "fall" on people. AT: "God will judge those people truly and fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -AT: "the people who do those wicked deeds" \ No newline at end of file +# those who practice such things + +"the people who do those wicked deeds" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/03.md b/rom/02/03.md index b5b70e36ac..89743e3c2f 100644 --- a/rom/02/03.md +++ b/rom/02/03.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ -Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, whom he scolds with rhetorical questions. +# But -## But ## +"So" -AT: "So" (UDB) +# consider this -## consider this ## +"think about what I am going to tell you" -AT: "think about what I am going to tell you" +# person -## person ## +Use the general word for a human being "whoever you are" -Use the general word for a human being. AT: "whoever you are" +# you who judge those who practice such things although you do the same things -## you who judge those who practice such things although you do the same things ## +"you who say someone deserves God's punishment while you do the same wicked deeds" -AT: "you who say someone deserves God's punishment while you do the same wicked deeds" +# Will you escape from the judgment of God? -## Will you escape from the judgment of God? ## +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. You can also translate this question as a strong negative statement. AT: "You will certainly not escape God's judgment!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "You will certainly not escape God's judgment!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Or do you think so little of the riches of his goodness, his delayed punishment, and his patience ... repentance? -## Or do you think so little of the riches of his goodness, his delayed punishment, and his patience...? ## +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. You can also translate this as a strong statement. AT: "You should not act like it does not matter that God is good and that he patiently waits a long time before he punishes people, so that his goodness will cause them to repent!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "You act like it does not matter that God is good and he patiently waits a long time before he punishes people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# think so little of the riches ... patience -## think so little of the riches...patience ## +"consider the riches ... patience unimportant" or "consider ... not good" -AT: "consider the riches...patience unimportant" or "consider...not good" +# Do you not know that his goodness is meant to lead you to repentance? -## not knowing that his goodness is meant to lead you to repentance ## - -This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "You must know that God shows you he is good so that you might repent" \ No newline at end of file +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. You can also translate this as a strong statement. AT: "You must know that God shows you he is good so that you might repent!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/05.md b/rom/02/05.md index 1da35a1b1d..e52daed63e 100644 --- a/rom/02/05.md +++ b/rom/02/05.md @@ -1,41 +1,39 @@ -Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person. +# Connecting Statement: -## But it is to the extent of your hardness and unrepentant heart ## +Paul continues to remind the people that all people are wicked. -Paul compares a person who refuses to listen and obey God to something hard, like a stone. The heart represents the whole person. AT: "It is because you refuse to listen and repent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# But it is to the extent of your hardness and unrepentant heart -## hardness and unrepentant heart ## +Paul uses a metaphor to compare a person who refuses to obey God to something hard, like a stone. He also uses the metonym "heart" to represent the whole person. AT: "It is because you refuse to listen and repent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -The phrase "unrepentant heart" explains the word "hardness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +# hardness and unrepentant heart -## you are storing up for yourself wrath ## +This is a doublet that you can combine as "unrepentant heart." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -The phrase "storing up" usually refers to a person gathering his treasures and putting it in a safe place. Paul says instead of treasures the person is gathering God's punishment. The longer they go without repenting, the more severe the punishment. AT: "you are making your punishment worse" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# you are storing up for yourself wrath -## in the day of wrath, the day of the revelation of God's righteous judgment ## +The phrase "storing up" implies a metaphor that usually refers to a person gathering his treasures and putting them in a safe place. Paul says, instead of treasures, that the person is gathering God's punishment. The longer they go without repenting, the more severe the punishment. AT: "you are making your punishment worse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -These refer to the same day. AT: "when God shows everyone that he is angry and that he judges all people fairly" (see UDB). +# on the day of wrath ... the day of the revelation of God's righteous judgment -## pay back ## +Both of these phrases refer to the same day. AT: "when God shows everyone that he is angry and that he judges all people fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -AT: "give a fair reward or punishment" +# pay back -## to every person the same measure of his actions ## +"give a fair reward or punishment" -AT: "according to what each person has done" +# to every person the same measure of his actions -## to those who according to consistent, good actions have sought praise, honor, and incorruptibility—eternal life ## +"according to what each person has done" -AT: "He will give eternal life to those who have shown by consistently doing good things that they were seeking praise, honor, and incorruptibility" - -## have sought ## +# have sought This means that they act in a way that will lead to a positive decision from God on judgment day. -## praise, honor, and incorruptibility ## +# praise, honor, and incorruptibility They want God to praise and honor them, and they want to never die. -## incorruptibility ## +# incorruptibility This refers to physical, not moral, decay. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/08.md b/rom/02/08.md index ea7f7b0bed..ff1ac4457b 100644 --- a/rom/02/08.md +++ b/rom/02/08.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ -Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person. +# Connecting Statement: -## self-seeking ## +Though this section is speaking to the non-religious wicked person, Paul sums it up by stating both non-Jews and Jews are wicked before God. -seeking** - AT: "selfish" or "only concerned with what makes themselves happy" +# self-seeking -## disobey the truth but obey unrighteousness ## +"selfish" or "only concerned with what makes themselves happy" + +# disobey the truth but obey unrighteousness These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second intensifies the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## wrath and fierce anger will come ## +# wrath and fierce anger will come The words "wrath" and "fierce anger" mean basically the same thing and emphasize God's anger. AT: "God will show his terrible anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## tribulation and distress, on ## +# wrath + +Here the word "wrath" is a metonym that refers to God's severe punishment of wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# tribulation and distress on The words "tribulation" and "distress" mean basically the same thing here and emphasize how bad God's punishment will be. AT: "awful punishments will happen to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## on every human soul ## +# on every human soul -Here, Paul uses the word "soul" to refer to the whole person. AT: "upon every person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here, Paul uses the word "soul" as a synecdoche that refers to the whole person. AT: "upon every person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## has practiced evil ## +# has practiced evil -AT: "has continually done evil things" +"has continually done evil things" -## to the Jew first, and also to the Greek ## +# to the Jew first, and also to the Greek -This can be a new sentence. AT: "God will judge the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people" +"God will judge the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people" -## first ## +# first -Possible meanings are 1) "first in order of time" or 2) "most certainly" (see UDB) or "most importantly." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "first in order of time" or 2) "most certainly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/10.md b/rom/02/10.md index e2f553ad6a..5a2af82531 100644 --- a/rom/02/10.md +++ b/rom/02/10.md @@ -1,37 +1,35 @@ -Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person. +# But praise, honor, and peace will come -## But praise, honor, and peace will come ## +"But God will give praise, honor, and peace" -AT: "But God will give praise, honor, and peace" +# practices good -## practices good ## +"continually does what is good" -AT: "continually does what is good" +# to the Jew first, and also to the Greek -## to the Jew first, and also to the Greek ## +"God will reward the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people" -This could be a new sentence. AT: "God will reward the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people" +# first -## first ## +You should translate this the same way you did in [Romans 2:9](./08.md). -You should translate this the same way you did in [Romans 2:8](./08.md). +# For there is no partiality with God -## For there is no partiality with God ## +You can translate this in a positive form. AT: "For God treats all people the same" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -AT: "For God does not favor one group of people over another" or "For God treats all people the same" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +# For as many as have sinned -## for as many as have sinned ## +"For those who have sinned" -This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "For those who have sinned" +# without the law will also perish without the law -## without the Law will also perish without the Law ## +Paul repeats "without the law" to emphasize that it does not matter if people do not know the law of Moses. If they sin, God will judge them. AT: "without knowing the law of Moses will certainly still die spiritually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -Paul repeats "without the Law" to emphasize it does not matter if they do not know the Law of Moses. If they sin, God will judge them. AT: "without knowing the Law of Moses will certainly still die spiritually" +# as many as have sinned -## and as many as have sinned ## +"all those who have sinned" -This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "And all those who have sinned" +# with respect to the law will be judged by the law -## in respect to the Law will be judged by the Law ## - -AT: "and know the Law of Moses, God will judge them according to the Law of Moses" \ No newline at end of file +God will judge sinful people according to his law. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "and who do know the law of Moses, God will judge them according to that law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/13.md b/rom/02/13.md index eba32996ee..c68c480378 100644 --- a/rom/02/13.md +++ b/rom/02/13.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person. +# Connecting Statement: -## For ## +Paul continues to let the reader know that perfect obedience to God's law is required even for those who never had God's law. -"Because." If your language has a way to mark that verses 14 and [Romans 2:15](./15.md) interrupt Paul's main argument to give the reader extra information, use it here. You may need to place 2:14-15 either before 2:13 or after 2:16. +# For -## it is not the hearers of the Law ## +Verses 14 and 15 interrupt Paul's main argument to give the reader extra information. If you have a way to mark an interruption like this in your language, you can use it here. -AT: "it is not those who only hear the Law of Moses" +# it is not the hearers of the law -## who are righteous before God ## +Here "the law" refers to the law of Moses. AT: "it is not those who only hear the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "that are pleasing to God" +# who are righteous before God -## but it is the doers of the Law ## +"whom God considers righteous" -AT: "but it is those who obey the Law of Moses" +# but it is the doers of the law -## who will be justified ## +"but it is those who obey the law of Moses" -This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "that God will accept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# who will be justified -## are a law to themselves ## +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "whom God will accept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "have God's laws already inside them" \ No newline at end of file +# Gentiles, who do not have the law ... are a law to themselves + +The phrase "law to themselves" is an idiom that means that these people naturally obey God's laws. AT: "have God's laws already inside them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they do not have the law + +Here "the law" refers to the law of Moses." AT: "they do not actually have the laws that God gave to Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/15.md b/rom/02/15.md index b202f515e9..408e29b394 100644 --- a/rom/02/15.md +++ b/rom/02/15.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person. +# By this they show -## By this they show ## +"By naturally obeying the law they show" -AT: "By naturally obeying the Law they show" +# the actions required by the law are written in their hearts -## the actions required by the Law are written in their hearts ## +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God has written on their hearts what the law requires them to do" or "God has shown them what the law requires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "God has written on their hearts what the Law requires them to do" or "They know exactly what the Law commands them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# bears witness to them, and their own thoughts either accuse or defend them to themselves -## required by the Law ## +Here "bears witness" refers to the knowledge they gain from the law that God has written in their hearts. AT: "tells them if they are disobeying or obeying God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "the Law requires" or "that God demands through the Law" +# on the day when God will judge -## bears witness with them, and their thoughts either accuse or defend themselves ## - -AT: "tells them if they are disobeying or obeying God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## on the day when God will judge ## - -This finishes Paul's thought from [Romans 2:13](./13.md). This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "This will happen when God judges" \ No newline at end of file +This finishes Paul's thought from [Romans 2:13](./13.md). "This will happen when God judges" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/17.md b/rom/02/17.md index 5067b83544..852f27d564 100644 --- a/rom/02/17.md +++ b/rom/02/17.md @@ -1,41 +1,35 @@ -Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person. +# Connecting Statement: -## If you call yourself a Jew ## +Here begins Paul's discussion that the law the Jews possess actually condemns them because they do not obey it. -This begins a new section of the letter. Here the word "if" does not mean Paul doubts or is unsure. He is emphasizing that these statement are true. AT: "Now you think of yourself as member of the Jewish people" +# if you call yourself a Jew -## rest upon the Law, rejoice proudly in God ## +"since you call yourself a Jew" -AT: "and you rely on the Law of Moses and rejoice proudly because of God" +# rest upon the law -## know his will ## +The phrase "rest upon the law" represents believing that they can become righteous by obeying the law. AT: "rely on the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "And you know God's will" +# know his will -## having been instructed by the Law ## +"and know God's will" -This could be translated with an active verb. AT: "because you understand what the Law of Moses teaches" +# because you have been instructed from the law -## if you are confident…and of the truth ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "because people have taught you what is right from the law" or "because you have learned from the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -If your language has a way to mark that 2:19-20 interrupts Paul's main argument of [Romans 2:17](./17.md), and [Romans 2:21](./21.md), use it here. You might have to place 2:19-20 before 2:17. +# that you yourself are a guide to the blind, a light to those who are in darkness -## if you are confident ## +Here "the blind" and "those who walk in darkness" represent people who do not understand the law. AT: "that because you teach the law, you yourself are like a guide to blind people, and you are like a light to people who are lost in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "You are sure" +# a corrector of the foolish -## that you yourself are a guide of the blind, a light to those who are in darkness ## +"you correct those who do wrong" -Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Paul compares a Jewish person teaching someone about the Law to helping a person that cannot see. AT: "that you yourself are like a guide to someone who is blind, and you are like a light to someone lost in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# a teacher of little children -## a corrector of the foolish ## +Here Paul compares those who do not know anything about the law to very small children. AT: "and you teach those who do not know the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "You correct those who do wrong" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# and that you have in the law the form of knowledge and of the truth -## a teacher of babies ## - -Here Paul compares those who do not know anything about the Law to babies. AT: "and you teach those who do not know the Law" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## and that you have in the Law the form of knowledge and of the truth ## - -AT: "because you are sure you understand the truth written in the Law" \ No newline at end of file +The knowledge of the truth that is in the law comes from God. AT: "because you are sure you understand the truth that God has given in the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/21.md b/rom/02/21.md index 94950150df..474990551f 100644 --- a/rom/02/21.md +++ b/rom/02/21.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, whom he scolds with rhetorical questions. +# You who teach others, do you not teach yourself? -## if you therefore teach another, do you not teach yourself? ## +Paul is using a question to scold his listeners. You can translate this as a strong statement. AT: "You teach others, but you do not teach yourself!" or "You teach others, but you do not do what you teach!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Paul is using a question to scold his listener. This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "But, you do not teach yourself while you are teaching others!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# You who preach against stealing, do you steal? -## You who preach not to steal, do you steal? ## +Paul is using a question to scold his listeners. You can translate this as a strong statement. AT: "You tell people not to steal, but you steal!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Paul is using a question to scold his listener. This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "You tell people not to steal, but you steal!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# You who say that one must not commit adultery, do you commit adultery? -## You who say not to commit adultery, do you commit adultery? ## +Paul is using a question to scold his listeners. You can translate this as a strong statement. AT: "You tell people not to commit adultery, but you commit adultery!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Paul is using a question to scold his listener. This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "You tell people not to commit adultery, but you commit adultery!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# You who hate idols, do you rob temples? -## You who detest idols, do you rob temples? ## +Paul is using a question to scold his listener. You can translate this as a strong statement. AT: "You say you hate idols, but you rob temples!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Paul is using a question to scold his listener. This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "You say you hate idols, but you rob temples!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# rob temples -## rob temples ## - -Possible meanings are: 1) "steal items from local pagan temples to sell and make a profit" or 2) "do not send to the Jerusalem temple all the money that is due to God" or 3) "joke about local gods." \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) "steal items from local pagan temples to sell and make a profit" or 2) "do not send to the Jerusalem temple all the money that is due to God." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/23.md b/rom/02/23.md index 7534cd1a57..c7cc58362e 100644 --- a/rom/02/23.md +++ b/rom/02/23.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, whom he scolds with rhetorical questions. +# You who boast in the law, do you dishonor God by breaking the law? -## You who rejoice proudly in the Law, do you through your transgression of the Law dishonor God? ## +Paul uses a question to scold his listener. You can translate this as a strong statement. AT: "It is wicked that you claim to be proud of the law, while at the same time you disobey it and bring shame to God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Paul uses a question to scold his listener. AT: "It is wicked that you claim to be proud of the Law, while at the same time you disobey it and bring shame to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# the name of God is dishonored among the Gentiles -## the name of God is dishonored among the Gentiles ## +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Your wicked actions bring shame to God in the minds of the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "Your wicked actions bring shame to God in the minds of the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# name of God -## name of God ## - -The word "name" refers to the entirety of God, not just his name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "name" is a metonym that refers to the entirety of God, not just his name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/25.md b/rom/02/25.md index 63aac06a08..3572a531bd 100644 --- a/rom/02/25.md +++ b/rom/02/25.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, whom he scolds with rhetorical questions. +# Connecting Statement: -## For circumcision indeed benefits you ## +Paul continues to show that God, by his law, condemns even the Jews who have God's law. -AT: “I say all of this because being circumcised does benefit you” +# For circumcision indeed benefits you -## if you are a violator of the Law ## +"I say all of this because being circumcised does benefit you" -AT: "if you do not obey the commandments found in the Law" +# if you break the law -## your circumcision becomes uncircumcision ## +"if you do not obey the commandments found in the law" -This compares a Jewish person who does not obey the Law to a man who was physically circumcised but reverses the operation: he may be Jewish, but he looks like a Gentile. AT: "it is like you are no longer circumcised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# your circumcision becomes uncircumcision -## the uncircumcised person ## +"it is as though you were no longer circumcised" -AT: "the person who is not circumcised" +# the uncircumcised person -## keeps the requirements of the Law ## +"the person who is not circumcised" -AT: "obeys what is commanded in the Law" +# keeps the requirements of the law -## will not his uncircumcision be considered as circumcision? Will not the one who is by nature uncircumcised...judge you ## +"obeys what God commands in the law" -Paul is asking a question to emphasize that circumcision is not what makes one right before God. This can be translated with an active verb: "God will consider him as circumcised. The one who is not physically circumcised...will judge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# will not his uncircumcision be considered as circumcision? And will not the one who is naturally uncircumcised condemn you ... the law? -## who by the written scriptures and circumcision are a violator of the Law ## - -AT: "who have the written scriptures and are circumcised but do not obey the Law" \ No newline at end of file +Paul asks two questions here to emphasize that circumcision is not what makes one right before God. You can translate these questions as statements in an active form. AT: "God will consider him as circumcised. The one who is not physically circumcised will condemn you ... the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/28.md b/rom/02/28.md index 7c8112769e..c8ab5e1b8d 100644 --- a/rom/02/28.md +++ b/rom/02/28.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## outwardly ## +# outwardly -This refers to Jewish rituals which people can see. +This refers to Jewish rituals, such as circumcision, which people can see. -## merely outward in the flesh ## +# merely outward in the flesh -This refers to the physical change to a man's body. +This refers to the physical change to a man's body when someone circumcises him. -## he is a Jew who is one inwardly, and circumcision is that of the heart ## +# flesh -These two phrases share similar meanings. The phrase, "he is a Jew who is one inwardly" explains the metaphor "circumcision is that of the heart." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This is a synecdoche for the whole body. AT: "body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## inwardly ## +# he is a Jew who is one inwardly, and circumcision is that of the heart + +These two phrases have similar meanings. The first phrase, "he is a Jew who is one inwardly," explains the second phrase, "circumcision is that of the heart." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# inwardly This refers to the values and motivations of the person whom God has transformed. -## in the spirit ## +# of the heart -This probably refers to the internal, spiritual part of a person, in contrast to the outward "letter" of the Law. However, it is also possible that it refers to the Holy Spirit (see UDB). +Here "heart" is a metonym for the inner person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## not in the letter ## +# in the Spirit, not in the letter -A “letter” is the smallest part of written language. Here it refers to written Scripture. AT: “through the work of the Holy Spirit, not because you know the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "letter" is a synecdoche that refers to written Scripture. AT: "through the work of the Holy Spirit, not because you know the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# in the Spirit + +This refers to the internal, spiritual part of a person that "God's Spirit" changes . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/02/intro.md b/rom/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6332a4d1ef --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Romans 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter shifts its audience from Roman Christians to those who "judge" and do not believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +##### "Therefore you are without excuse" ##### +This phrase looks back at chapter 1 and, in some ways, it is actually a conclusion to the argument of chapter 1. This phrase explains the reasons why everyone in the world is required to worship the true God. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "Doers of the Law" ##### +It is not those who obey the law who will be justified by their obedience to it. It is those who earnestly try to follow the law of Moses who are justified by their faith which this demonstrates. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +These are frequently used in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical questions is to make the reader feel guilty or to convict them in their sin and ultimately bring them to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### Hypothetical Situation ##### +In light of the context, "He will give eternal life" is a hypothetical statement. If a person could live a perfect life, they would earn eternal life as a reward. Only Jesus was able to live a perfect life. There is another hypothetical situation in 2:17-29. This situation explains that even those who earnestly try to obey the law of Moses are guilty of violating the law. In English, this is about those who follow the "letter" of the law but cannot follow the "spirit" or general principles of the law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "You who judge" ##### +At times, this could be translated in a simpler way, but it is translated in this relatively awkward way because Paul is referencing "people who judge" in such a way as to also say that everyone judges. It is possible to translate this as "those who judge (and everyone judges)." + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/01.md b/rom/03/01.md index 9000138fbd..211ecda701 100644 --- a/rom/03/01.md +++ b/rom/03/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Paul again takes up his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, answering the questions such a person might have. +# Connecting Statement: -## Then what advantage has the Jew? And what is the benefit of circumcision? ## +Paul proclaims the advantage that Jews have because God gave them his law. -AT: "Then Jewish people have no benefit from God's covenant, even though God promised they would!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Then what advantage does the Jew have? And what is the benefit of circumcision? -## It is great ## +Paul presents ideas that people might have after they hear what he wrote in chapter 2. He does this in order to respond to them in verse 2. AT: "Some people might say, 'Then what advantage does the Jew have? And what is the benefit of circumcision?'" or "Some people might say, 'If that is true, then the Jews do not have any advantage, and there is no benefit in being circumcised.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "There is much advantage" +# It is great in every way -## First ## +Paul now responds to the concerns brought up in verse 1. Here "It" refers to being a member of the Jewish people. AT: "But there is great advantage to being a Jew!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "First in order of time" or "Most certainly" (see UDB) or "Most importantly" \ No newline at end of file +# First of all + +Possible meanings are 1) "First in order of time" or 2) "Most certainly" or 3) "Most importantly." + +# the Jews were entrusted with revelation from God + +Here "revelation" refers to God's words and promises. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God gave his words that contain his promises to the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/03.md b/rom/03/03.md index 781ae90d43..f9b54c383a 100644 --- a/rom/03/03.md +++ b/rom/03/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, answering the questions such a person might have. +# For what if some Jews were without faith? Will their unbelief abolish God's faithfulness? -## For what if some Jews were without faith? Will their unbelief make the faithfulness of God invalid? ## +Paul uses these questions to make people think. AT: "Some Jews have not been faithful to God. Should we conclude from this that God will not fulfill his promise?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Paul uses these rhetorical questions to make people think. Some Jews were unfaithful to God, so some would conclude that God would not fulfill his promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# May it never be -## By no means ## +This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have an expression in your language that you could use here. "That is not possible!" or "Certainly not!" -This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. AT: "That is not possible” or "Certainly not" +# Instead -## Instead ## +"We should say this instead" -AT "We should say this instead:" +# let God be found to be true -## As it has been written ## +God will always be true and will keep his promises. AT: "God always does what he has promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "The Jewish Scriptures themselves agree with what I am saying" \ No newline at end of file +# even though every man is a liar + +The words "every" and "liar" are exaggerations here to add emphasis that God alone is always true to his promises. AT: "even if every man were a liar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# As it has been written + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "The Scriptures themselves agree with what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# That you might be shown to be righteous in your words, and that you might prevail when you come into judgment + +These two phrases have very similar meanings. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Everyone must acknowledge that what you say is true, and you will always win your case when anyone accuses you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/05.md b/rom/03/05.md index 7cba67d0ce..9a11cb8259 100644 --- a/rom/03/05.md +++ b/rom/03/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, answering the questions such a person might have. +# But if our unrighteousness shows the righteousness of God, what can we say? Can we say that God is unrighteous to bring his wrath upon us? -## But if our unrighteousness shows the righteousness of God, what can we say? ## +Paul uses these questions to present what some people were arguing and to get his readers to think about whether or not this argument is true. AT: "Some people say that since our unrighteousness shows God's righteousness, then God is unrighteous when he punishes us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Paul is putting these words in the mouth of the imaginary Jewish person he is talking to. AT: "Because our unrighteousness shows that God is righteous, I have a question:" +# to bring his wrath upon us -## God is not unrighteous, he who inflicts wrath, is he? ## +Here "wrath" is a metonym for punishment. AT: "to bring his punishment upon us" or "to punish us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "Is God, who inflicts wrath on people, unrighteous?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# I am using a human argument -## I speak according to human logic ## +"I am saying here what some people say" or "This is what some people say" -AT: "I am saying this as an unrighteous person might say it" +# May it never be -## how would God judge the world? ## +"We must never say that God is unrighteous" -Paul uses this rhetorical question to show that the arguments against the Christian gospel are ridiculous, since all Jews believe that God can and will judge all people. AT: "And we all know that God will in fact judge the world!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# For then how would God judge the world? + +Paul uses this question to show that the arguments against the gospel are not valid, since the Jews believe that God will judge all people. AT: "We all know that God will in fact judge the world!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the world + +The "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. AT: "anyone in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/07.md b/rom/03/07.md index a828dcb755..b5d08c99ee 100644 --- a/rom/03/07.md +++ b/rom/03/07.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, answering the questions such a person might have. +# But if the truth of God through my lie provides abundant praise for him, why am I still being judged as a sinner? -## But if the truth of God through my lie abounded to his praise, why am I still judged as a sinner? ## +Here Paul imagines someone continuing to reject the Christian gospel. That adversary argues, because his sin shows the righteousness of God, then God should not declare that he is a sinner on judgment day if, for example, he tells lies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Here Paul imagines someone continuing to reject the Christian gospel; that adversary argues that God should not declare that he is a sinner on judgment day if, for example, he tells lies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# Why not say ... come"? -## And why not say…? ## +Here Paul raises a question of his own, to show how ridiculous the argument of his imaginary adversary is. AT: "I might as well be saying ... come!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Here Paul raises a question of his own, to show how ridiculous is the argument of his imaginary adversary. AT: "I might as well be saying that we should do evil things in order that good things may happen as a result!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# as we are falsely reported to say -## as we are falsely reported to say ## +"some lie to tell others that this is what we are saying" -AT: "Some liars tell others that this is what we are saying" - -## The judgment on them is just ## +# The judgment on them is just It will be only fair when God condemns these enemies of Paul, for telling lies about what Paul has been teaching. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/09.md b/rom/03/09.md index b868e7c0d5..ef84a8c025 100644 --- a/rom/03/09.md +++ b/rom/03/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Paul continues his imaginary argument with a Jewish person, answering the questions such a person might have. +# Connecting Statement: -## What then? Do we excuse ourselves? ## +Paul sums up that all are guilty of sin, none are righteous, and no one seeks God. -Possible meanings are: 1) "We Christians are not trying to hide the wicked things that we are supposedly doing!" or 2) "We Jews should not try to imagine we are going to escape God's judgment, just because we are Jewish!" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# What then? Are we excusing ourselves? -## Not at all ## +Paul asks these questions to emphasize his point. AT: "We Jews should not try to imagine we are going to escape God's judgment, just because we are Jewish!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -These words are stronger than a simple "no," but not as strong as "absolutely not!" \ No newline at end of file +# Not at all + +These words are stronger than a simple "no," but not as strong as "absolutely not!" + +# This is as it is written + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "This is as the prophets have written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/11.md b/rom/03/11.md index 8057dc098b..b3b2656a30 100644 --- a/rom/03/11.md +++ b/rom/03/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## none who understands ## +# There is no one who understands -AT: "none really understands God's truth" +There is no one who understands what is right. AT: "No one really understands what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## none who seeks after God ## +# There is no one who seeks after God -AT: "none who sincerely tries to have a righteous relationship with God" +Here the phrase "seeks after God" means to have a relationship with God. AT: "No one sincerely tries to have a right relationship with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## turned away ## +# They have all turned away -Here this means to stop doing something. AT: "rejected God and his righteous will for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This is an idiom that means the people do not even want to think about God. They want to avoid him. AT: "They have all turned away from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## have become useless ## +# They together have become useless -AT: "have become worthless as far as God's will for them is concerned" \ No newline at end of file +Since no one does what is good, they are useless to God. AT: "Everyone has become useless to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/13.md b/rom/03/13.md index c342149edf..a5d1e111c1 100644 --- a/rom/03/13.md +++ b/rom/03/13.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Their...Their ## +# Their ... Their -the "Jews and Greeks" of [Romans 3:9](./09.md) +The word "their" refers to the "Jews and Greeks" of [Romans 3:9](./09.md). -## Their throat has been opened like a grave ## +# Their throat is an open grave -Paul is using a metaphor meaning that everything people say is unrighteous and disgusting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "throat" is a metonym for everything that people say that is unrighteous and disgusting. Here "open grave" is a metaphor that refers to the stench of the evil words of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Their tongues have deceived ## +# Their tongues have deceived -AT: "People speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "tongues" is a metonym for the false words that people speak. AT: "People speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness ## +# The poison of snakes is under their lips -AT: "Much of what people say is harmful and meant to hurt other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "poison of snakes" is a metaphor that is used to represent the great harm of the evil words that the people speak. The word "lips" refers to the words of the people. AT: "Their evil words injure people just like the poison of a venomous snake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness + +Here "mouths" is a metonym that represents the evil words of the people. The word "full" exaggerates how often people speak bitterly and curse. AT: "They often speak curses and cruel words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/15.md b/rom/03/15.md index 50a0bc01ce..91526b027f 100644 --- a/rom/03/15.md +++ b/rom/03/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Their...their...They...their ## +# Their ... their ... These people ... their -the "Jews and Greeks" of [Romans 3:9](./09.md) +These words refer to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](./09.md). -## Their feet are swift to pour out blood ## +# Their feet are swift to pour out blood -AT: "They are in a hurry to harm and kill people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "feet" is a synecdoche that represents the people themselves. The word "blood" is a metaphor that refers to killing people. AT: "They are in a hurry to harm and murder people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Destruction and suffering are in their paths ## +# Destruction and suffering are in their paths -AT: "Everyone lives in such a way that they intentionally try to destroy others and cause them to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "destruction and suffering" are metonyms that represent the harm that these people cause others to suffer. AT: "They try to destroy others and cause them to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## a way of peace ## +# a way of peace -A "way" is a "road" or "path." AT: "how to live at peace with others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"how to live at peace with others." A "way" is a road or path. -## There is no fear of God before their eyes ## +# There is no fear of God before their eyes -AT: "Everyone refuses to give God the respect he deserves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "fear" is a metonym that represents respect for God and willingness to honor him. AT: "Everyone refuses to give God the respect he deserves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/19.md b/rom/03/19.md index 54e635958e..f0f3153604 100644 --- a/rom/03/19.md +++ b/rom/03/19.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## whatever the Law says, it speaks to ## +# whatever the law says, it speaks to -"everything that the Law says people should do is for" or "all the commands that Moses wrote in the Law are for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Paul speaks of the law here as if it were alive and had its own voice. AT: "everything that the law says people should do is for" or "all the commands that Moses wrote in the law are for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## in order that every mouth may be closed ## +# the ones who are under the law -AT: "so that no people will be able to say anything valid to defend themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]; See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"those who must obey the law" -## flesh ## +# in order that every mouth may be shut -Here it means in a figurative way to refer to all human beings or all living creatures. +Here "mouth" is a synecdoche that means the words people speak. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so that no people will be able to say anything valid to defend themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For ## +# the whole world held accountable to God -Possible meanings are 1) "Therefore" or 2) "This is because" or 3) "Instead." +Here "world" is a synecdoche that represents all the people who live in the world. AT: "that God can declare everyone in the world guilty!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## through the Law comes the knowledge of sin ## +# flesh -AT: "when someone knows God's law, he realizes that he is not righteous but rather sinful before God" \ No newline at end of file +Here "flesh" refers to all human beings. + +# For + +Possible meanings are 1) "Therefore" or 2) "This is because" + +# through the law comes the knowledge of sin + +"when someone knows God's law, he realizes that he has sinned" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/21.md b/rom/03/21.md index 30062f4cae..e152be1096 100644 --- a/rom/03/21.md +++ b/rom/03/21.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## But ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul has completed his introduction and is now beginning to make his main point. +The word "but" here shows Paul has completed his introduction and is now beginning to make his main point. -## now ## +# now The word "now" refers to the time since Jesus came to the earth. -## without the Law a righteousness of God has been made known ## +# apart from the law the righteousness of God has been made known -This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "God has made known a way to be righteous without obeying the Law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God has made known a way to be right with him without obeying the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## without the Law ## +# It was witnessed by the law and the Prophets -This refers to "righteousness," not to "has been made known." +The words "the law and the Prophets" refer to the parts of scripture that Moses and the prophets wrote in the Jewish scriptures. Paul describes them here as if they were people testifying in court. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "What Moses and the prophets wrote confirms this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## witnessed by the Law and the Prophets ## +# the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ -The words "the Law and the Prophets" refer to the parts of scripture that Moses and the prophets wrote and stand for the Jewish scriptures, which are described here as people who testify in court. AT: "and what Moses and the prophets wrote confirms this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "righteousness" means being right with God. AT: "being right with God through trusting Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## that is, the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ ## +# For there is no distinction -This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "I am referring to a righteousness that God gives us when we believe in Jesus Christ" - -## For there is no distinction ## - -AT: "For God views Jews the same way he views Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul implies that God accepts all people in the same way. AT: "There is no difference at all between the Jews and the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/23.md b/rom/03/23.md index fac24ff103..27c574d360 100644 --- a/rom/03/23.md +++ b/rom/03/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus ## +# come short of the glory of God -This could be translated with active verbs: "God has justified them by means of his grace because Christ Jesus has redeemed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the "glory of God" is a metonym that refers to the image of God and his nature. AT: "have failed to be like God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they are freely justified by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus + +Here "justified" refers to being made right with God. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God has made them right with himself as a free gift, because Christ Jesus has set them free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/25.md b/rom/03/25.md index 27270d5369..b9b98f50e8 100644 --- a/rom/03/25.md +++ b/rom/03/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## passing over ## +# in his blood + +This is a metonym for the death of Jesus as a sacrifice for sins. AT: "in his death as a sacrifice for sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# disregard Possible meanings are 1) ignoring or 2) forgiving. -## This all happened for the demonstration of his righteousness at this present time, for him to prove himself just, and to show that he is the one who justifies anyone because of faith in Jesus ## +# This all happened for the demonstration of his righteousness at this present time -"He did this to demonstrate his righteousness at this present time; he shows that he is both just and the one who justifies everyone who has faith in Jesus" \ No newline at end of file +"He did this to show how God makes people right with himself" + +# This was so he could prove himself just, and to show that he justifies anyone because of faith in Jesus + +"By this he shows that he is both just and the one who declares everyone righteous who has faith in Jesus" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/27.md b/rom/03/27.md index 8be866219f..ade465ad0f 100644 --- a/rom/03/27.md +++ b/rom/03/27.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -Paul answers rhetorical questions to emphasize that each point he is making is certainly true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Where then is boasting? It is excluded -## On what grounds? ## +Paul asks this question to show that there is no reason for people to boast about obeying the law. AT: "So there is no way that we can boast that God favors us because we obeyed those laws. Boasting is excluded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"For what reason?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# On what grounds? Of works? No, but on the grounds of faith -## Of works? ## +Paul asks and answers these rhetorical questions to emphasize that each point he is making is certainly true. You can translate this by including the words that Paul implies, and by using an active form. AT: "On what grounds should we exclude boasting? Should we exclude it because of our good works? No, rather, we should exclude it because of faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "Is boasting excluded because we obey the law?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# without -## on the grounds of faith ## - -AT: "because we believe in Jesus" - -## without ## - -AT: "apart from" \ No newline at end of file +"apart from" or "with no consideration for" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/29.md b/rom/03/29.md index e3fb4aacbe..5ac27b6efa 100644 --- a/rom/03/29.md +++ b/rom/03/29.md @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ -Paul continues to answer rhetorical questions to emphasize that each point he is making is certainly true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Or is God the God of Jews only? -## Or is God the God of Jews only? ## +Paul asks this question for emphasis. AT: "You who are Jews certainly should not think that you are the only ones whom God will accept!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "If God could only justify people who obey the Law, would he not be the God of the Jews only?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +# Is he not also the God of Gentiles? Yes, of Gentiles also + +Paul asks this question to emphasize his point. AT: "He will also accept non-Jews, that is, Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he will justify the circumcision by faith, and the uncircumcision through faith + +Here "circumcision" is a metonym that refers to Jews and "uncircumcision" is a metonym that refers to non-Jews. AT: "God will make both Jews and non-Jews right with himself through their faith in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/31.md b/rom/03/31.md index 43798545a5..732b417cf3 100644 --- a/rom/03/31.md +++ b/rom/03/31.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Paul continues to answer rhetorical questions to emphasize that each point he is making is certainly true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Connecting Statement: -## Do we then nullify the Law through faith? ## +Paul confirms the law though faith. -AT: "Should we ignore the Law because we have faith?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Do we then nullify the law through faith? -## May it never be ## +Paul asks this question to add emphasis. AT: "Should we ignore the law because we have faith?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "Of course that is not true!" or "Certainly not!" (UDB). This expression give the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# May it never be -## we uphold the Law ## +This expression gives the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may have a similar express in your language that you could use here. AT: "This is certainly not true!" or "Certainly not!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "we obey the Law" +# we uphold the law -## we ## +"we obey the law" + +# we This pronoun refers to Paul, other believers, and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/03/intro.md b/rom/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cd02b1d477 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# Romans 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:4, 10-18, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +Chapter 2 explained that all Jews are condemned because they violated the law of Moses and that Gentiles could be saved. Chapter 3 answers the question: what advantage does being a Jew have over being a Gentile? (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Universal Condemnation ##### + +This chapter explains that the whole world is without excuse and has enough knowledge to seek after and believe in the true God, Yahweh. Sin is a problem for all of mankind and enslaves the unbeliever in their sin. This refutes the common understanding that "all people are basically good." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### "For all have sinned and come short of the glory of God" ##### +The standard required for entrance into heaven and being in the presence of God is perfection. Anything less than perfect leads to condemnation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]]) + +##### The purpose of the law of Moses ##### +Obedience to the law cannot justify a person. The Law does not justify a person but is a way a person displays their faith in God. It has always been faith that justified a person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +These are frequently used in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical question is to make the reader feel guilty, or to convict them in their sin and ultimately bring them to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/01.md b/rom/04/01.md index 1f28fce190..0a897c51d0 100644 --- a/rom/04/01.md +++ b/rom/04/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -Paul continues to answer rhetorical questions to emphasize that each point he is making is certainly true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Connecting Statement: -## What then will we say that Abraham, our forefather, found according to the flesh? ## +Paul confirms that even in the past believers were made right with God by faith and not by the law. -"This is what Abraham our physical ancestor found." Paul uses the question to catch the attention of the reader and to start talking about something new. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# What then will we say that Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh, found? -## For what do the scriptures say ## +Paul uses the question to catch the attention of the reader and to start talking about something new. AT: "This is what Abraham our physical ancestor found" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -"For we can read in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +# For what does the scripture say -## and it was counted to him as righteousness ## +Paul uses this question to add emphasis. He speaks of the Scriptures as if they were alive and could talk. AT: "For we can read in the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -"and God considered Abraham as a righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# it was counted to him as righteousness + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God considered Abraham as a righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/04.md b/rom/04/04.md index 809a8018f2..b18c321e8e 100644 --- a/rom/04/04.md +++ b/rom/04/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,15 @@ -## Now to him who works, the recompense is not counted as from grace, but as what is owed ## +# what he is paid is not counted as a gift -This is describing a situation where a person who works expects to be paid for the work. That person does not consider payment a free gift or "grace." +This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one counts what the employer pays him as a gift from the employer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to him who works...to him who does not work ## +# but as what is owed -AT: "to anyone who works...to anyone who does not work" +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "but as what his employer owes him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## recompense ## +# in the one who justifies -AT: "wages" or "pay" or "what was earned by working" +"in God, who justifies" -## what is owed ## +# his faith is counted as righteousness -AT: "what his employer owes him" - -## in the one who justifies ## - -AT: "in God, who justifies" - -## his faith is counted as righteousness ## - -AT: “God considers that person's faith as righteousness” or "God considers that person righteous because of his faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God considers that person's faith as righteousness" or "God considers that person righteous because of his faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/06.md b/rom/04/06.md index 3efe775e75..6877ac1f4d 100644 --- a/rom/04/06.md +++ b/rom/04/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## David also pronounces blessing upon the man to whom God counts righteousness without works ## +# David also pronounces blessing on the man to whom God counts righteousness without works -AT: "Similarly, David wrote about how God blesses the man whom God makes righteous without works" +"David also wrote about how God blesses the man whom God makes righteous without works" -## whose iniquities are forgiven...whose sins are covered...to whom the Lord will not count sin ## +# whose lawless deeds are forgiven ... whose sins are covered ... against whom the Lord will not count sin -The same concept is stated in three different ways. AT: "whose iniquities the Lord has forgiven...whose sins the Lord has covered...whose sins the Lord will not count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The same concept is stated in three different ways. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the Lord has forgiven those who have broken the law ... whose sins the Lord has covered ... whose sins the Lord will not count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/09.md b/rom/04/09.md index a1e391345e..1719a9ab6b 100644 --- a/rom/04/09.md +++ b/rom/04/09.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Is this blessing then pronounced only upon those of the circumcision, or also upon those of the uncircumcision? ## +# Then is this blessing pronounced only on those of the circumcision, or also on those of the uncircumcision? -AT: "Does God bless only those who are circumcised, or also those those who are not circumcised?" +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "Does God bless only those who are circumcised, or also those who are not circumcised?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## we say ## +# those of the circumcision -Paul is addressing both Jewish and Gentile believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +This is a metonym that refers to the Jewish people. AT: "the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Faith was counted to Abraham for righteousness ## +# those of the uncircumcision -AT: "God considered the faith of Abraham as righteousness" \ No newline at end of file +This is a metonym that refers to the people who are not Jews. AT: "the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Faith was counted to Abraham as righteousness + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God considered the faith of Abraham as righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# So how was it counted? When Abraham was in circumcision, or in uncircumcision? + +Paul asks these questions to add emphasis to his remarks. AT: "When did God consider Abraham to be righteous? Was it before his circumcision, or after it?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# It was not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision + +"It happened before he was circumcised, not after he was circumcised" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/11.md b/rom/04/11.md index 3e17487f70..f0a22247b5 100644 --- a/rom/04/11.md +++ b/rom/04/11.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had already when he was in uncircumcision ## +# a seal of the righteousness of the faith that he had already possessed when he was in uncircumcision -AT: "a visible sign that God had considered him righteous because he had believed in God before he was circumcised" +Here "righteousness of the faith" means that God considered him to be righteous. AT: "a visible sign that God considered him righteous because he had believed in God before he was circumcised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## even if they are in uncircumcision ## +# even if they are in uncircumcision -AT: "even if they are not circumcised" +"even if they are not circumcised" -## so that righteousness might be counted to them ## +# This means that righteousness will be counted for them -AT: "so that God can consider them righteous" \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "This means that God will consider them righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Abraham became the father of the circumcision + +Here "the circumcision" refers to those who are true believers in God, both Jews and Gentiles. + +# who follow in the steps of faith of our father Abraham + +Here "follow in the steps of faith" is an idiom that means to follow someone's example of follow. AT: "who follow our father Abraham's example of faith" or "who have faith as our father Abraham did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/13.md b/rom/04/13.md index 74601ab7b4..9626f67ad8 100644 --- a/rom/04/13.md +++ b/rom/04/13.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## that the promise was given to Abraham and to his descendants, that they would be heirs of the world ## +# heirs -This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "that God promised to Abraham and his descendants that they would inherit the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but through the righteousness of faith ## +# but through the righteousness of faith -The words "God gave the promise" are left out of this phrase but they are understood. AT: "but God gave the promise through faith which he considers as righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The words "the promise came" are understood from the first phrase. You can translate this by adding these implied words. AT: "but the promise came through faith, which God considers as righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## if those of the law are heirs ## +# if those who live by the law are to be the heirs -AT: "if it is those who obey the law that that will inherit the earth" +Here "live by the law" refers to obeying the law. AT: "if those who obey the law are the ones who will inherit the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## faith is made empty and the promise is nullified ## +# faith is made empty, and the promise is void -AT: "faith has no value and the promise is meaningless" +"faith has no value, and the promise is meaningless" -## but where there is no law, neither is there disobedience ## +# there is no trespass -AT: "but when is no law, there is nothing to disobey" This could also be translated as a positive statement. AT: "because where there is law people will disobey it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "trespass." AT: "no one can break the law" or "it is impossible to disobey the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/16.md b/rom/04/16.md index 70f471d2d3..6ddfef06ac 100644 --- a/rom/04/16.md +++ b/rom/04/16.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## For this reason it is by faith, so that it might be according to grace ## +# For this reason -AT: "Here is the reason we receive the promise when we trust God: it is so that it might be a free gift" +"So" -## in order that the promise might be sure for all the descendants ## +# it is by faith -AT: "so that all the descendants of Abraham might certainly receive the promise" +The word "it" refers to receiving what God had promised. AT: "it is by faith that we receive the promise" or "we receive the promise by faith" -## those who know the Law ## +# in order that the promise may rest on grace -This refers to the Jewish people who follow Law of Moses. +Here "the promise may rest on grace" represents God giving what he promised because of his grace. AT: "so that what he promised might be a free gift" or "so that his promise would be because of his grace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## those who are from Abraham's faith ## +# be guaranteed to all of Abraham's descendants -This refers to those who have faith like Abraham did before he was circumcised. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "all of Abraham's descendants might certainly receive what God has promised to give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## father of us all ## +# those who are under the law + +This refers to the Jewish people, who were obligated to obey the law of Moses. + +# those who share the faith of Abraham + +This refers to those who have faith as Abraham did before he was circumcised. AT: "those who believe as Abraham did" + +# father of us all Here the word "us" refers to Paul and includes all Jewish and non-Jewish believers in Christ. Abraham is the physical ancestor of the Jewish people, but he is also the spiritual father of those who have faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## as it is written ## +# as it is written -Where it is written can be made explicit: AT: "as it written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Where it is written can be made explicit. You can also translate this in an active form. AT: "as someone has written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## I have made you ## +# I have made you -The word "you" is singular and refers to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here the word "you" is singular and refers to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Abraham was in the presence of him whom he trusted, that is, God, who gives life to the dead ## +# Abraham was in the presence of him whom he trusted, that is, God, who gives life to the dead ones -AT: "Abraham was in the presence of God whom he trusted, who gives life to those who have died" \ No newline at end of file +Here "of him whom he trusted" refers to God. AT: "Abraham was in the presence of God whom he trusted, who gives life to those who have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# calls the things that do not exist into existence + +"created everything from nothing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/18.md b/rom/04/18.md index 5e21367dcf..0bca92e90f 100644 --- a/rom/04/18.md +++ b/rom/04/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## Despite all outward circumstances ## +# Despite all outward circumstances -The full meaning of "outward circumstances" can be made explicit. AT: "Even though it seemed impossible for him to have descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The full meaning of "outward circumstances" can be made explicit. AT: "Even though it seemed impossible for him to have descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## in order to become the father of many nations ## +# So he became the father of many nations -This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "And Abraham's faith resulted in him becoming the father of many nations" +"And the result of Abraham's faith was that he became the father of many nations" -## according to what had been spoken ## +# according to what had been spoken -AT: "just as God said to Abraham" +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "just as God said to Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## "…Thus will be your descendants." ## +# Thus will be your descendants -The full promise God gave to Abraham can be made explicit: AT: "You will have more descendants than you can count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The full promise God gave to Abraham can be made explicit. AT: "You will have more descendants than you can count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Not being weak in faith ## +# Without becoming weak in faith, -AT: "While still remaining strong in his faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) - -## Abraham considered his own body already to be dead—he was about a hundred years old—and the deadness of Sarah’s womb ## - -Here Abraham's old age and Sarah's inability to have children is compared to something that is dead. This emphasizes that it seemed impossible for them to have children. AT: "Abraham realized he was very old and his wife Sarah could not have children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in a positive form. AT: "He remained strong in his faith, although" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/20.md b/rom/04/20.md index a8126d7e7f..1d236cbc33 100644 --- a/rom/04/20.md +++ b/rom/04/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## did not hesitate in unbelief ## +# did not hesitate in unbelief -AT: "did not doubt" +You can translate this double negative in a positive form. AT: "kept on acting in faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## but was strengthened in faith ## +# he was strengthened in faith -This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "but he became stronger in his faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "he became stronger in his faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## giving praise to God ## +# He was fully convinced -AT: "and gave praise to God" +"Abraham was completely sure" -## He was fully convinced ## +# he was also able to accomplish -AT: "Abraham was completely sure" +"God was able to do" -## he was able also to accomplish ## +# Therefore this was also counted to him as righteousness -AT: "God was able to do" - -## it was also counted to him as righteousness ## - -This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "God counted Abraham's belief as righteousness” or “God considered Abraham righteous because Abraham believed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Therefore God counted Abraham's belief as righteousness" or "Therefore God considered Abraham righteous because Abraham believed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/23.md b/rom/04/23.md index add372ea19..71545c9209 100644 --- a/rom/04/23.md +++ b/rom/04/23.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## Now ## +# Now it was -This word is used here to mark a new part of the letter. Paul changes from talking about Abraham to talking about believers in Christ. (See: en:ta:workbench:discourse:home) +"Now" is used here to connect Abraham's being made right by faith to present-day believer's being made right by faith in Christ's death and resurrection. -## for his benefit only ## +# only for his benefit -AT: "for Abraham only" +"for Abraham only" -## that it was counted to him ## +# that it was counted for him -This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "that God counted righteousness to him" or "God considered him righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "that God counted righteousness to him" or "God considered him righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for us ## +# for us The word "us" refers to Paul and includes all believers in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## but also for us, to whom it will be counted, we who believe ## +# It was written also for us, for whom it will be counted, we who believe -This could be translated as a new sentence and with an active verb. AT: "It was also for our benefit, because God will consider us righteous also if we believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "It was also for our benefit, because God will consider us righteous also if we believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## him who raised ## +# him who raised -AT: "God, who raised" +"God, who raised" -## Jesus, who was delivered up for our trespasses ## +# This is the one who was delivered up for our trespasses -This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "Jesus, whom God handed over to those who killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "This is the one whom God handed over to those who killed him, so he may pay the penalty for our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and was raised for our justification ## +# was raised for our justification -This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "and whom God brought back to life so we would be made right with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "whom God brought back to life so God could make us right with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/04/intro.md b/rom/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d255fe8d45 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Romans 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 4:7-8, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### The purpose of the law of Moses ##### +Paul builds upon material from chapter 3 and explains how Abraham, the father of Israel, was justified. Obedience cannot justify a person, even the great Abraham. Obeying the law of Moses does not justify a person, it is a way a person displays their faith in God. It is faith which has always justified a person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### Circumcision ##### +Circumcision was important to the Israelites. It identified a person as a descendant of Abraham and was a sign of the covenant between Abraham and Yahweh. Paul explains that one of the reasons for circumcision was to display the Israelite's faith. The practice of circumcision itself was not able to justify anyone. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +These are frequently used in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical questions is to make the reader feel guilty, or to convict them of their sin and ultimately bring them to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/01.md b/rom/05/01.md index 9268e70859..6c438e2a73 100644 --- a/rom/05/01.md +++ b/rom/05/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Since ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Because" +Paul begins to tell many different things that happen when God makes believers right with him. -## we…our ## +# Since + +"Because" + +# we ... our All occurrences of "we" and "our" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## through our Lord Jesus Christ ## +# through our Lord Jesus Christ -AT: "because of our Lord Jesus Christ" +"because of our Lord Jesus Christ" -## Lord ## +# Lord -Here this means that Jesus is God. +Here "Lord" means that Jesus is God. -## Through him we also have our access by faith into this grace in which we stand ## +# Through him we also have our access by faith into this grace in which we stand -Paul compares believers receiving grace to a person being able to stand before a king. AT: "Because it is in Jesus that we believe, God gives us grace to stand before God" - -## We rejoice because of what we confidently expect regarding God's glory ## - -Some versions imitate the Greek text more closely: "We rejoice in the hope of God's glory." Other versions try to make this passage more specific. AT: "We are happy because we are confident that we will experience God’s glory" or "We are happy because we are confident that we will see God's glory" or "We are happy because we are confident that we will share in God’s glory" \ No newline at end of file +Here "by faith" refers to our trust in Jesus, which allows us to stand before God. AT: "Because we trust in Jesus, God allows us to come into his presence" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/03.md b/rom/05/03.md index 8e75569286..00e655c843 100644 --- a/rom/05/03.md +++ b/rom/05/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Not only this ## +# Not only this -The word "this" refers to the ideas described in [Romans 5:1](./01.md). +The word "this" refers to the ideas described in [Romans 5:1-2](./01.md). -## we…our…us ## +# we ... our ... us -All occurrences of "we" "our" and "us" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +All occurrences of "we," "our," and "us" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## approval ## +# approval -This word "approval" refers to God's saying this is good. +The word "approval" refers to God's acceptance of us. -## confidence for the future ## +# confidence for the future -This is certainty that God will fulfill all his promises for those who believe in Christ. \ No newline at end of file +This is the certainty that God will fulfill all his promises for those who trust in Christ. + +# This confidence does not disappoint + +Paul uses personification here as he speaks of "confidence" as if it were alive. AT: "We are very confident that we will receive the things that we wait for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/06.md b/rom/05/06.md index 30cdbf1fb7..308f1a6d0a 100644 --- a/rom/05/06.md +++ b/rom/05/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## we ## +# we -The word "we" here refers to all believers and so should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "we" here refers to all believers and so should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# For one will hardly die for a righteous man + +"It is hard to find someone who is willing to die, even for a righteous man" + +# That is, perhaps someone would dare to die for a good person + +"But you might find someone who is willing to die for such a good person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/08.md b/rom/05/08.md index 7ab843ab55..65561f6179 100644 --- a/rom/05/08.md +++ b/rom/05/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## proves ## +# proves -AT: "demonstrates" or "shows" +You can translate this verb in past tense using "demonstrated" or "showed." -## us…we ## +# us ... we All occurrences of "us" and "we" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## Much more, then, now that we are justified by his blood ## +# Much more, then, now that we are justified by his blood -AT: "How much more will he do for us now that we are justified by his blood" +Here "justified" means that God puts us in a right relationship with himself. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "How much more will God do for us now that he has made us right with himself because of the death of Jesus on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## saved ## +# blood -Here this means that through Jesus' death on the cross, God has forgiven him and rescued him from being punished in hell for his sin. \ No newline at end of file +This is a metonym for the sacrificial death of Jesus on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# saved + +This means that through Jesus' sacrificial death on the cross, God has forgiven us and rescued us from being punished in hell for our sin. + +# the wrath of God + +Here "wrath" is a metonym that refers to God's punishment of those who have sinned against him. AT: "God's punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/10.md b/rom/05/10.md index 5a67f22da3..e27606c2e8 100644 --- a/rom/05/10.md +++ b/rom/05/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## us...we ## +# we were All occurrences of "we" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## his Son...his life ## +# his Son ... his life -AT: "God's Son...the life of God's Son" +"God's Son ... the life of God's Son" -## after having been reconciled ## +# we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son -AT: "now that God considers us his friends again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The death of the Son of the God has provided eternal forgiveness and made us friends with God, for all who believe in Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God allowed us to have a peaceful relationship with him because his son died for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Son + +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) + +# after having been reconciled + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "now that God has made us his friends again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/12.md b/rom/05/12.md index fb24869cf2..150e7f8320 100644 --- a/rom/05/12.md +++ b/rom/05/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Therefore ## +# Connecting Statement: -The words that follow will be based on Paul's previous argument that all believers have been declared righteous by faith. (see UDB) +Paul explains why death happened even before God gave the law to Moses. -## through one man sin entered…death entered through sin ## +# through one man sin entered ... death entered through sin -Paul describes "sin" as a dangerous thing that was able to come into the world through the opening that was caused by the actions of "one man," Adam. This "sin" then became an opening through which "death," another dangerous thing, also came into the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul describes sin as a dangerous thing that came into the world through the actions of "one man," Adam. This sin then became an opening through which death, pictured here as another dangerous thing, also came into the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# For until the law, sin was in the world + +This means that the people sinned before God gave the law. AT: "People in the world sinned before God gave his law to Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# but there is no accounting for sin when there is no law + +This means that God did not charge the people with sinning before he gave the law. AT: "but God recorded no sin against the law before he gave the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/14.md b/rom/05/14.md index bd9bffa22f..606905ac39 100644 --- a/rom/05/14.md +++ b/rom/05/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Nevertheless ## +# Nevertheless -AT: "Yet" or "There was no written law from the time of Adam to the time of Moses, but" (see [Romans 5:12](./12.md)) +"Yet" or "There was no written law from the time of Adam to the time of Moses, but." The word "Nevertheless" links this section with the verses that came immediately before it. (See: [Romans 5:13](./12.md)) -## death ruled from Adam until Moses ## +# death ruled from Adam until Moses -Paul is comparing death to a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). AT: "people continued to die from the time of Adam until the time of Moses as a consequence of their sin" +Paul is speaking of death as if it were a king who ruled. AT: "people continued to die from the time of Adam until the time of Moses as a consequence of their sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## even over those who did not sin like Adam’s disobedience ## +# even over those who did not sin like Adam's disobedience -AT: "even people whose sins were different from Adam’s continue to die" +"even people whose sins were different from Adam's continue to die" -## who is a figure of him who was to come ## +# who is a pattern of him who was to come Adam was a pattern of Christ, who appeared much later. He had much in common with him. -## For if...the many died...much more did the grace of God and the gift...abound ## +# For if by the trespass of one the many died -It is important that "the many died," but it is more important that "the grace of God and the gift" abounded. +Here "one" refers to Adam. AT: "For if by one man's sin, many died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## much more did the grace...and the gift...abound ## +# how much more did the grace of God and the gift by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound for the many -"the grace...and the gift" were greater and stronger than the "trespass." \ No newline at end of file +Here "grace" refers to God's free gift that he made available to everyone through Jesus Christ. AT: "even more through the man Jesus Christ, who died for us all, did God kindly offer us this gift of everlasting life, although we do not deserve it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/16.md b/rom/05/16.md index 480f11a976..2ef1cac883 100644 --- a/rom/05/16.md +++ b/rom/05/16.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## For the gift is not like the outcome of the one who sinned ## +# For the gift is not like the outcome of that one man's sin -AT: "the gift is not like the result of Adam's sin" +Here "the gift" refers to God's freely erasing the record of our sins. AT: "The gift is not like the result of Adam's sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## For on the one hand ## +# The judgment followed one trespass and brought condemnation, but the gift ... justification -AT: "Because on the one hand" +Here Paul gives two reasons why "the gift is not like the result of Adam's sin." The "judgment of condemnation" implies that we all deserve God's punishment for our sins. AT: "Because on the one hand, God declared that all people deserve to be punished because of the sin of one man, but on the other hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## on the one hand, the judgment of condemnation came because of the trespass of one man; but on the other hand ## +# the gift followed many trespasses and brought justification -The phrases “on the one hand” and “but on the other hand” introduce two different ways of thinking about something. AT: "the judgment of condemnation came because of the trespass of one man, but" +This refers to how God makes us right with him even when we do not deserve it. AT: "God's kind gift to put us right with himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## after many trespasses ## +# followed many trespasses -AT: "after the sins of many" +"after the sins of many" -## trespass of one ## +# trespass of the one -trespass of Adam +This refers to the sin of Adam. -## death ruled ## +# death ruled -AT: "everyone died" - -## life of the one ## - -life of Jesus Christ \ No newline at end of file +Here Paul speaks of "death" as a king who ruled. The "rule" of death causes everyone to die. AT: "everyone died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/18.md b/rom/05/18.md index 481325093c..f86efe25f2 100644 --- a/rom/05/18.md +++ b/rom/05/18.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## through one trespass ## +# by one trespass -through the one sin committed by Adam. AT: "because of Adam's sin" +"through the one sin committed by Adam" or "because of Adam's sin" -## one act ## +# condemnation came to all people + +Here "condemnation" refers to God's punishment. AT: "all people deserve God's punishment for sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# one act the sacrifice of Jesus Christ -## one man’s disobedience ## +# justification and life for all people + +Here "justification" refers to God's ability to make people right with him. AT: "God's offer to make all people right with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# one man's disobedience the disobedience of Adam -## the obedience of the one ## +# the many were made sinners -the obedience of Jesus \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "many people sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the obedience of the one + +the obedience of Jesus + +# will the many be made righteous + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will make many people right with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/20.md b/rom/05/20.md index 31f1e8f9c5..e2c82178bb 100644 --- a/rom/05/20.md +++ b/rom/05/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## the Law came in alongside ## +# the law came in -AT: "the Law sneaked in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here Paul speaks of the law as if it were a person. AT: "God gave his law to Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the trespass might abound ## +# abounded -This means both that "people might realize how greatly they had sinned" (UDB) and "people might commit more sins." +"increased" -## abounded ## +# grace abounded even more -AT: "increased" +Here "grace" refers to God's undeserved blessings. AT: "God continued to act even more kindly toward them, in a way that they did not deserve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## as sin ruled in death ## +# as sin ruled in death -AT: "as sin resulted in death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here Paul speaks of "sin" as if it were a king that ruled. AT: "as sin resulted in death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## even so grace might rule through righteousness for everlasting life through Jesus Christ our Lord ## +# even so grace might rule through righteousness for everlasting life through Jesus Christ our Lord -AT: "grace gave people everlasting life through the righteousness of Jesus Christ our Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Paul speaks of "grace" here as if it were a king that ruled. AT: "grace gave people everlasting life through the righteousness of Jesus Christ our Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## our Lord ## +# so grace might rule through righteousness -Paul includes his readers and all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of "grace" here as if it were a king that ruled. The word "righteousness" refers to God's ability to make people right with him. AT: "so God might give his free gift to people to make them right with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# our Lord + +Paul includes himself, his readers, and all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/05/intro.md b/rom/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..651364e954 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Romans 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Many scholars view 5:12-17 as some of the most important, but difficult, verses in Scripture to understand. Some of their richness and meaning has undoubtedly been lost in their translation from the original Greek construction. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Results of justification ##### +A major aspect of this chapter involves Paul's explanation of the results of justification. These include: peace with God, access to God, confidence about our future destiny, an ability to rejoice in sufferings, eternal salvation and reconciliation with God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justify]]) + +##### "All sinned" ##### +Scholars are divided over how this worked. Some believe that all of mankind was present in the "seed of Adam" and that, as Adam is the father of all mankind, all of mankind was present when Adam sinned. Others believe that Adam served as a representative head for mankind and when he sinned all of mankind "fell" as a result. Whether people today played an active or passive role in Adam's original sin is one difference between these views. Other passages will help one to come to a conclusion regarding this issue. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/seed]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +##### The second Adam ##### +Adam was the first man and the first "son" of God. He was a creation of God and brought sin and death into the world by eating the forbidden fruit. Paul describes Jesus as the "second Adam" in this chapter and the true son of God. He brings life and overcomes sin and death by his death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/01.md b/rom/06/01.md index 2772a365ed..f68204eb5e 100644 --- a/rom/06/01.md +++ b/rom/06/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## What then will we say? Should we continue in sin so that grace may abound? ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul is anticipating a question someone might ask about what he has written about grace in [Romans 5:20](../05/20.md). For a good way to restructure this as a statement, see UDB. +Under grace, Paul tells those who believe in Jesus to live a new life as though dead to sin and alive to God. -## we...us ## +# What then will we say? Should we continue in sin so that grace may abound? -The pronouns "we" and "us" refer to Paul, his readers, and other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Paul asks these rhetorical questions to get the attention of his readers. AT: "So, what should we say about all of this? We certainly should not keep on sinning so that God will give us more and more grace! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## abound ## +# we say -AT: "increase greatly" \ No newline at end of file +The pronoun "we" refers to Paul, his readers, and other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# We who died to sin, how can we still live in it? + +Here "died to sin" means that those who follow Jesus are now like dead people who cannot be affected by sin. Paul uses this rhetorical question to add emphasis. AT: "We are now like dead people on whom sin has no effect! So we certainly should not keep on sinning!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Do you not know that as many as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? + +Paul uses this question to add emphasis. AT: "Remember, when someone baptized us to show that we have a relationship with Christ, this also shows that we died with Christ on the cross! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/04.md b/rom/06/04.md index 1fbc7a4d54..289e0d5962 100644 --- a/rom/06/04.md +++ b/rom/06/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## buried with him through baptism into death ## +# We were buried, then, with him through baptism into death -This is comparing a believer's baptism into water with Jesus' death and burial in a tomb. This emphasizes that a believer in Christ shares the benefits of his death, which means sin no longer has power over the believer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here Paul speaks of a believer's baptism in water as if it were a death and burial. AT: "When someone baptized us, it is just like that person buried us with Christ in the tomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so also we might walk in newness of life ## +# just as Christ was raised from the dead ones by the glory of the Father, so also we might walk in newness of life -This compares a believer coming to life spiritually to Jesus coming back to life physically. The believer's new spiritual life enables that person to obey God. AT: "just as the Father brought Jesus back to life after he died, we might have new spiritual life and obey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This compares a believer's new spiritual life to Jesus coming back to life physically. The believer's new spiritual life enables that person to obey God. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "just as the Father brought Jesus back to life after he died, we might have new spiritual life and obey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## become united with him in the likeness of his death...be united with his resurrection ## +# become united with him in the likeness of his death ... be united with his resurrection -AT: "joined with him in his death...join with him in life after death" or "died with him...come back to life with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul compares our union with Christ to death. Those who are joined with Christ in death will share in his resurrection. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "died with him ... come back to life with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/06.md b/rom/06/06.md index e0590db6bb..b55b027cd9 100644 --- a/rom/06/06.md +++ b/rom/06/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## our old man was crucified with him ## +# our old man was crucified with him -Here, Paul refers to a believer as being one person before they believed in Jesus and a different person after they believed in Jesus. The "old man" refers to the person before he believes in Jesus. The person is spiritually dead and sin controls him. Paul describes our old sinful person as dying on the cross with Jesus when we believe in Jesus. AT: "our sinful person was on the cross with Jesus" +The "old man" is a metaphor that refers to the person before he believes in Jesus. Paul describes our old sinful person as dying on the cross with Jesus when we believe in Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "our sinful person died on the cross with Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## old man ## +# old man -This the person one once was but is no longer. AT: "former man" +This means the person who once was, but who does not exist now. -## body of sin ## +# the body of sin -the whole sinful person (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is a metonym that refers to the whole sinful person. AT: "our sinful nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## might be destroyed ## +# might be destroyed -AT: "might die" +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "might die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## we should no longer be enslaved to sin ## +# we should no longer be enslaved to sin -Paul compares the power sin has over a person to a master controlling a slave: a person without the Holy Spirit will always choose what is sinful. He is not free to do what pleases God. AT: "we should no longer be slaves to sin" or "we should no longer choose to do what is sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul compares the power sin has over a person to a master who controls a slave. A person without the Holy Spirit is not free to do what pleases God. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "we should no longer choose to do what is sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he who has died is declared righteous in respect to sin ## +# He who has died is declared righteous with respect to sin -AT: "God will declare righteous anyone who has died to the power of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "righteous" refers to God's ability to make people right with him. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "When God declares a person right with him, that person is no longer controlled by sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/08.md b/rom/06/08.md index 3a8d26ef24..ff67cbf6c6 100644 --- a/rom/06/08.md +++ b/rom/06/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## we have died with Christ ## +# we have died with Christ -Although Christ died physically, here "died" refers to believers dying spiritually to the power of sin. AT: "we have spiritually died with Christ" +Here "died" refers to the fact that believers are no longer controlled by sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## We know that Christ has been raised from the dead ## +# We know that Christ has been raised from the dead ones -AT: "God brought Christ back to life after he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "We know God brought Christ back to life after he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Death no longer rules over him ## +# Death no longer rules over him -Here "death" is described as a king or ruler that has power over people. AT: "He can never die again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "death" is described as a king or ruler that has power over people. AT: "He can never die again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/10.md b/rom/06/10.md index 86649b6550..df9209bed5 100644 --- a/rom/06/10.md +++ b/rom/06/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## For the death that he died to sin, he died once for all ## +# For in regard to the death that he died to sin, he died once for all -The phrase "once for all" means to finish something completely. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. AT: "For when he died he broke the power of sin completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The phrase "once for all" means to finish something completely. You can make this full meaning explicit in your translation. AT: "For when he died he broke the power of sin completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Thus also you: consider ## +# In the same way, you also must consider -AT: "In the same way, consider" or "For this reason consider" +"For this reason consider" -## consider yourselves ## +# consider yourselves -AT: "think of yourselves as" or "see yourselves as" +"think of yourselves as" or "see yourselves as" -## dead to sin ## +# dead to sin -Here "sin" refers to the power that lives within us and makes us want to sin. AT: "dead to the power of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Just as one cannot force a corpse to do anything, sin has no power to force believers to dishonor God. AT: "as if you were dead to the power of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## dead to sin on the one hand, but on the other hand, alive to God ## +# dead to sin, but alive to God -The phrases “on the one hand” and “on the other hand” introduce two different ways of thinking about something. AT: "dead to sin but also alive to God" +"dead to the power of sin, but living to honor God" -## alive to God in Christ Jesus ## +# alive to God in Christ Jesus -AT: "living to obey God by the power Christ Jesus gives you" \ No newline at end of file +"living to honor God through the power Christ Jesus gives you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/12.md b/rom/06/12.md index 2800f3e6e1..2f3283a285 100644 --- a/rom/06/12.md +++ b/rom/06/12.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## do not let sin rule...Do not allow sin to rule ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Sin" is described as a person's king or master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Paul reminds us that grace rules over us, not the law; we are not sin's slaves, but God's slaves. -## your mortal body ## +# do not let sin rule ... Do not allow sin to rule + +Paul describes sin as a person's king or master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# your mortal body This phrase refers to the physical part of a person, which will die. AT: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## in order that you obey its lusts ## +# in order that you may obey its lusts -The master, "sin," wants the sinner to obey the master's commands to do evil things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +As master, "sin" wants the sinner to obey its commands to do evil things. -## Do not present your body parts to sin as tools for unrighteousness ## +# Do not present the parts of your body to sin, to be tools used for unrighteousness -The picture is of the sinner offering his "body parts" to his master or king. AT: "Do not offer yourselves to sin so that you do what is not right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The picture is of the sinner offering the "parts of his body" to his master or king. One's "body parts" are a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "Do not offer yourselves to sin so that you do what is not right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## but present yourselves to God, as alive from the dead ## +# But present yourselves to God, as dead ones who are now living -AT: "but offer yourselves to God, because he has given you new spiritual life" +Here "now living" refers to the believer's new spiritual life. AT: "But offer yourselves to God, because he has given you new spiritual life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## your body parts as tools for righteousness for God ## +# present the parts of your body to God as tools to be used for righteousness -AT: "let God use you for what is pleasing to him" +Here "parts of your body" is a synecdoche that refers to the whole person. AT: "let God use you for what is pleasing to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Do not allow sin to rule over you ## +# Do not allow sin to rule over you -AT: "Do not let sinful desires control what you do" or "Do not allow yourselves to do the sinful things you want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Paul speaks of "sin" here as if it were a king who rules over people. AT: "Do not let sinful desires control what you do" or "Do not allow yourselves to do the sinful things you want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## for you are not under law ## +# For you are not under law -The full meaning can be made explicit. AT: "for you are no longer bound to the Law of Moses, which could not give you the power to stop sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +To be "under law" means to be subject to its limitations and weaknesses. You can make the full meaning explicit in your translation. AT: "For you are no longer bound to the law of Moses, which could not give you the power to stop sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## but under grace ## +# but under grace -The full meaning can be made explicit. AT: "but you are bound to God's grace, which does give you the power to stop sinning" \ No newline at end of file +To be "under grace" means that God's free gift provides the power to keep from sinning. You can make the full meaning explicit in your translation. AT: "but you are bound to God's grace, which does give you the power to stop sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/15.md b/rom/06/15.md index a948cc4612..37fa08fd47 100644 --- a/rom/06/15.md +++ b/rom/06/15.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Paul uses slavery as a metaphor for obedience and disobedience to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law, but under grace? May it never be -## What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law, but under grace? May it never be. ## +Paul is using a question to emphasize that living under grace is not a reason to sin. AT: "However, just because we are bound to grace instead of the law of Moses certainly does not mean we are allowed to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Paul is using a question to emphasize that living under grace is not a reason to sin. AT: "However, just because we are bound to grace instead of the Law of Moses certainly does not mean we are allowed to sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# May it never be -## May it never be ## +"We would never want that to happen!" or "May God help me not to do that!" This expression shows an extremely strong desire that this does not take place. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated it in [Romans 3:31](../03/31.md). -"We would never want that to happen!" or "May God help me not to do that!" This expression shows an extremely strong desire that this not take place. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated it in [Romans 3:31](../03/31.md). +# Do you not know that the one to whom you present yourselves as servants is the one to which you are obedient, the one you must obey? -## Do you not know that the one to whom you present yourselves as servants for obedience, you are the servants of the one whom you obey ## +Paul uses a question to scold anyone who may think God's grace is a reason to keep sinning. You can translate this as a strong statement. AT: "You should know that you are slaves to the master you choose to obey!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Paul uses a question to scold anyone who may think God's grace is a reason to keep sinning. AT: "You should know that you are slaves to the master you choose to obey." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# This is true whether you are servants to sin which leads to death, or servants to obedience which leads to righteousness -## whether of sin for death, or of obedience for righteousness ## - -Here, "sin" and "obedience" are described as masters that a slave would serve. This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "You are either a slave to sin, which results in spiritual death, or you are a slave to obedience, which results in God declaring you righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here, Paul describes "sin" and "obedience" as masters that a slave would serve. AT: "You are either a slave to sin, which results in spiritual death, or you are a slave to obedience, which results in doing the things that God wants you to do (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/17.md b/rom/06/17.md index 4a0b434dab..26f6047146 100644 --- a/rom/06/17.md +++ b/rom/06/17.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -Paul continues to use slavery as a metaphor for obedience and disobedience to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# But thanks be to God! -## But thanks be to God! ## +"But I thank God!" -AT: "But I thank God!" +# For you were servants of sin -## For you were servants of sin ## +Here "sin" is described as a master that a slave would serve. Also, "sin" refers to the power that lives in us that makes us choose to do what is sinful. AT: "For you were slaves to the power of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Here "sin" is described as a master that a slave would serve. Also, "sin" refers to the power that lives in us that makes us choose to do what is sinful. AT: "For you were slaves to the power of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## but you obeyed from the heart ## +# but you have obeyed from the heart Here the word "heart" refers to having sincere or honest motives for doing something. AT: "but you truly obeyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the form of teaching that you were given ## +# the pattern of teaching that you were given -Here "form" refers to the pattern or way of living that leads to righteousness. The believers change their old way of living to match this new way of living that Christian leaders teach to them. AT: "the teaching that Christian leaders gave you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). +Here "pattern" refers to the way of living that leads to righteousness. The believers change their old way of living to match this new way of living that Christian leaders teach to them. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the teaching that Christian leaders gave you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). -## You have been made free from sin ## +# You have been made free from sin -AT: "Christ has freed you from the power of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Christ has freed you from the power of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## enslaved to righteousness ## +# servants of righteousness -AT: "you are now a slave to doing what is right" \ No newline at end of file +"you are now a servant for doing what is right" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/19.md b/rom/06/19.md index 7645f9dc27..dc01c2a45e 100644 --- a/rom/06/19.md +++ b/rom/06/19.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -Paul continues to use slavery as a metaphor for obedience and disobedience to God. +# I speak like a man -## I speak like a man ## +"Here I am using examples from everyday life" -Paul is describing "sin" and "obedience" as "slavery." AT: "I am speaking about slavery to describe sin and obedience" +# because of the weakness of your flesh -## because of the weakness of your flesh ## +Often Paul uses the word "flesh" as the opposite of "spirit." AT: "because you do not fully understand spiritual things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -Often Paul uses the word "flesh" as the opposite of "spirit." AT: "because you do not fully understand spiritual things" +# presented the parts of your body as slaves to uncleanness and to evil -## presented your body parts as slaves to uncleanness and to evil ## +Here, "body parts" refers to the whole person. AT: "offered yourselves as slaves to everything that is evil and not pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -Here, "body parts" refers to the whole person. AT: "offered yourselves as slaves to everything that is evil and not pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# present the parts of your body as slaves to righteousness for sanctification -## present your body parts as slaves to righteousness for sanctification ## +Here "body parts" refers to the whole person. AT: "offer yourselves as slaves to what is right before God so that he might set you apart and give you the power to serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "offer yourselves as slaves to what right before God so that he might set you apart and give you the power to serve him" ​ +# At that time, what fruit then did you have of the things of which you are now ashamed? -## What fruit then did you have at that time of the things of which you are now ashamed? ## - -Paul is using a question to emphasize that sinning results in nothing good. AT: "You gained nothing by doing those things that now cause you shame." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul is using a question to emphasize that sinning results in nothing good. AT: "You gained nothing by doing those things that now cause you shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/22.md b/rom/06/22.md index 3ba88c286b..1b989c4533 100644 --- a/rom/06/22.md +++ b/rom/06/22.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## But now that you have been made free from sin and are enslaved to God ## +# But now that you have been made free from sin and are enslaved to God -This can be translated as a complete sentence and with active verbs. AT: "But now Christ has freed you from sin and has bound you to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "But now that Christ has freed you from sin and has bound you to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and the outcome is eternal life ## +# The result is eternal life -AT: "and the result of all of this is that you will live forever with God" +"and the result of all of this is that you will live forever with God" -## For the wages of sin are death ## +# For the wages of sin are death -The word "wages" refers to a payment given to someone for their work. AT: "For if you serve sin, you will receive spiritual death as payment" or "For if you continue sinning, God will punish you with spiritual death" +The word "wages" refers to a payment given to someone for their work. "For if you serve sin, you will receive spiritual death as payment" or "For if you continue sinning, God will punish you with spiritual death" -## but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord ## +# but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord -AT: "but God freely gives eternal life to those who belong to Christ Jesus our Lord" \ No newline at end of file +"but God gives eternal life to those who belong to Christ Jesus our Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/06/intro.md b/rom/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8089ccda95 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Romans 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter begins by answering a possible or hypothetical objection to Paul's teaching in chapter 5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Against the Law ##### +This chapter refutes the teaching that Christians can live however they want after they have received salvation. Scholars call this teaching antinomianism or being "against the law" because people are attempting to live without any type of rules in their life. Paul recalls the great price Jesus paid for a Christian's salvation as motivation for godly living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +##### Servants of sin ##### +Before coming to faith in Jesus, people are servants or slaves of sin. After salvation, a Christian is freed from this bondage and is able to choose to serve Christ in their life. Paul explains that when a Christian chooses to sin, it is because the person has willingly chosen sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### Fruit ##### +The imagery of fruit is used in this chapter. The image of fruit usually refers to faith producing acts of righteousness in a person's life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fruit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### +These are frequently used in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical questions is to make the reader feel guilty, or to convict them of their sin and ultimately bring them to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Death ##### +Death is used many different ways in this chapter. Physical death, spiritual death, the reign of sin in the heart of man and to put an end to something. Sin and death are supposed to contrast the new life provided by Christ and the new way a Christian is supposed to live after they receive salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/death]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/01.md b/rom/07/01.md index ffb72b1790..7824b0e30a 100644 --- a/rom/07/01.md +++ b/rom/07/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,15 @@ -## the law controls a person for as long as he lives ## +# Connecting Statement: -Paul gives an example of this in [Romans 7:2](./02.md). \ No newline at end of file +Paul explains how the law controls those who want to live under the law. + +# do you not know, brothers ... that the law controls a person for as long as he lives? + +Paul asks this question to add emphasis. AT: "So you certainly know that people have to obey laws only while they are alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# the law controls a person for as long as he lives + +Paul gives an example of this in [Romans 7:2-3](./02.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/02.md b/rom/07/02.md index ac95fb541e..2c281d9cbd 100644 --- a/rom/07/02.md +++ b/rom/07/02.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ -Paul gives an example of the principle he stated in [Romans 7:1](./01.md). +# the married woman -## she will be called an adulteress ## +This refers to any woman who is married. -The one who "called" is not clear, so be as general as possible. AT: "people will call her an adulteress" or "God will consider her an adulteress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +# she will be called an adulteress + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will consider her an adulteress" or "people will call her an adulteress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/04.md b/rom/07/04.md index 582771e1f9..d046ec04c8 100644 --- a/rom/07/04.md +++ b/rom/07/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Therefore ## +# Therefore -This relates back to [Romans 7:1](./01.md). AT: "Because this is how law works" +This relates back to [Romans 7:1](./01.md). -## we might produce fruit for God ## +# brothers -AT: "we might be able to do things pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## produce fruit ## +# you were also made dead to the law through the body of Christ -Here this means change his inward spiritual condition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "you also died to the law when through Christ you died on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we might produce fruit for God + +Here "fruit" is a metaphor for actions that please God. AT: "we might be able to do things pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to bear fruit for death + +Here "fruit" is a metaphor that refers to living a sinful life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/06.md b/rom/07/06.md index 8d89ea6ca7..c7bb843ff1 100644 --- a/rom/07/06.md +++ b/rom/07/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## we ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul reminds us that God does not make us holy by the law. + +# we have been released from the law + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God has released us from the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we This pronoun refers to Paul and the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## the letter ## +# to that by which we were held -AT: "the Law of Moses" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the law. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "to the law which held us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the letter + +This refers to the law of Moses. AT: "the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/07.md b/rom/07/07.md index 06ee983048..60640ec9c2 100644 --- a/rom/07/07.md +++ b/rom/07/07.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## What will we say then? ## +# What will we say then? Paul is introducing a new topic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## May it never be ## +# May it never be -"Of course that is not true!" This expression give the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [Romans 9:14](../09/14.md). +"Of course that is not true!" This expression gives the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [Romans 9:14](../09/14.md). -## I would not have known sin…. …sin, taking the opportunity…brought about every lust ## +# I would never have known sin, if it were not through the law ... But sin took the opportunity ... brought about every lust Paul is comparing sin to a person who can act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## sin, taking the opportunity through the commandment, brought about every lust in me ## +# sin -When God's law tells us not to do something, it is because we have been told not to do it that we want to do it more. AT: "sin reminded me of the commandment not to desire wrong things, and so I desired those wrong things even more than before" or "because I wanted to sin, when I heard the commandment not to desire wrong things, I desired...." +"my desire to sin" -## sin ## +# lust -AT: "my desire to sin" +This word includes both the desire to have what belongs to other people and wrong sexual desire. -## lust ## +# without the law, sin is dead -This word includes both the desire to have what belongs to other people (see UDB) and wrong sexual desire. - -## without the Law, sin is dead ## - -AT: "if there were no Law, there would be no breaking of the Law, so there would be no sin" \ No newline at end of file +"if there were no law, there would be no breaking of the law, so there would be no sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/09.md b/rom/07/09.md index fb8ee78cc2..014f08c38e 100644 --- a/rom/07/09.md +++ b/rom/07/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## sin regained life ## +# sin regained life -This can mean 1) "I realized that I was sinning" (UDB) or 2) "I strongly desired to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This can mean 1) "I realized that I was sinning" or 2) "I strongly desired to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## The commandment, which was to bring life, I found to be death ## +# The commandment that was to bring life turned out to be death for me -Paul did not literally die. AT: "God gave me the commandment so I would live, but it killed me instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of God's condemnation as if it resulted primarily in physical death. AT: "God gave me the commandment so I would live, but it killed me instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/11.md b/rom/07/11.md index 48e17f7ef5..04abe9e332 100644 --- a/rom/07/11.md +++ b/rom/07/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## sin, taking the opportunity through the commandment, deceived me, and through the commandment it killed me. ## +# For sin took the opportunity through the commandment and deceived me. Through the commandment it killed me -As in [Romans 7:7](./07.md), Paul is describing sin as a person who can do 3 things: take the opportunity, deceive, and kill. AT: "because I wanted to sin, I deceived myself into thinking that I could sin and obey the commandment at the same time, but God punished me for disobeying the commandment by separating me from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +As in [Romans 7:7-8](./07.md), Paul is describing sin as a person who can do 3 things: take the opportunity, deceive, and kill. AT: "Because I wanted to sin, I deceived myself into thinking that I could sin and obey the commandment at the same time, but God punished me for disobeying the commandment by separating me from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## sin ## +# sin -AT: "my desire to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"my desire to sin" -## taking the opportunity through the commandment ## +# took the opportunity through the commandment -See how you translated this in [Romans 7:7](./07.md). +Paul is comparing sin to a person who can act. See how you translated this in [Romans 7:8](./07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## it killed me ## +# it killed me -AT: "it separated me from God" (See UDB, [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of God's condemnation on sinners as if it resulted primarily in physical death. AT: "it separated me from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Therefore ## +# holy -AT: "Because the law allows sin to be recognized as a deceiver and killer" \ No newline at end of file +Morally perfect, without sin \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/13.md b/rom/07/13.md index ba1e707bd9..0996677eab 100644 --- a/rom/07/13.md +++ b/rom/07/13.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## Then ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul talks about the struggle inside his inner man between sin in his inner man and his mind with the law of God—between sin and good. + +# So Paul is introducing a new topic. -## what is good ## +# did what is good become death to me? + +Paul uses this question to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# what is good This refers to God's law. -## become death to me ## +# become death to me -AT: "caused me to die" +"cause me to die" -## May it never be ## +# May it never be -AT: "Of course that is not true!" This expression gives the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This expression gives the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. AT: "Of course that is not true!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## sin...brought about death in me ## +# sin ... brought about death in me Paul is viewing sin as though it were a person who could act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## brought about death in me ## +# brought about death in me -AT: "separated me from God" +"separated me from God" -## through the commandment ## +# through the commandment -AT: "because I disobeyed the commandment" \ No newline at end of file +"because I disobeyed the commandment" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/15.md b/rom/07/15.md index 333bcf90f1..48b26a4fef 100644 --- a/rom/07/15.md +++ b/rom/07/15.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## For that which I do, I do not really understand ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "I am not sure why I do some of the things that I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Paul talks about the struggle inside his inner man between his flesh and the law of God—between sin and good. -## For ## +# For what I do, I do not really understand -AT: "I do not understand why I do what I do because" +"I am not sure why I do some of the things that I do" -## what I hate, I do ## +# For -AT: "The things that I know are not good are the things that I do" +"because" -## But ## +# what I want to do, I do not do + +The words "I do not do" are an exaggeration to emphasize that Paul does not do what he wants to do as often as he would like or that he does what he does not want to do too often. AT: "I do not always do what I want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# what I hate, I do + +The words "I do," which implies that he always does what he hates to do, are an exaggeration to emphasize that Paul does what he does not want to do too often. AT: "the things that I know are not good are the things that I sometimes do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# But "However" -## I agree with the Law ## +# I agree with the law -AT: "I know God's law is good" \ No newline at end of file +"I know God's law is good" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/17.md b/rom/07/17.md index 9e4c239c68..6ada249008 100644 --- a/rom/07/17.md +++ b/rom/07/17.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the sin that lives in me ## +# the sin that lives in me Paul describes sin as a living being that has the power to influence him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## my flesh ## +# my flesh -AT: "my human nature" \ No newline at end of file +Here "flesh" is a metonym for the sinful nature. AT: "my sinful nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/19.md b/rom/07/19.md index 48c617c9fa..c61344447d 100644 --- a/rom/07/19.md +++ b/rom/07/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## good ## +# good -AT: "good deeds" or "good actions" +"good deeds" or "good actions" -## evil ## +# evil -AT: "evil deeds" or "evil actions" +"evil deeds" or "evil actions" -## principle ## +# rather sin that lives in me -Here this is different from the law of Moses. \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of "sin" as if it were alive and living inside him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# that evil is actually present in me + +Paul speaks of "evil" here as if it were alive and living inside him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/22.md b/rom/07/22.md index fd5332ebfd..ecd103097d 100644 --- a/rom/07/22.md +++ b/rom/07/22.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## the inner man ## +# the inner man -The part of a person that remains after the body dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is the newly-revived spirit of a person who trusts in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a different principle in my body parts, warring against that new principle in my mind, and taking me captive ## +# But I see a different principle in my body parts. It fights against that new principle in my mind. It takes me captive -AT: "I am able only to do what my old nature tells me to do, not to live the new way the Spirit shows me" +"I am able only to do what my old nature tells me to do, not to live the new way the Spirit shows me" -## that new principle ## +# new principle This is the new spiritually alive nature. -## a different principle in my body parts ## +# a different principle in my body parts This is the old nature, the way people are when they are born. -## the principle of sin which is in my body parts ## +# the principle of sin that is in my body parts -AT: "my sinful nature" \ No newline at end of file +"my sinful nature" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/24.md b/rom/07/24.md index 2795a46907..8dfc227373 100644 --- a/rom/07/24.md +++ b/rom/07/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Who will deliver me from this body of death? ## +# Who will deliver me from this body of death? -"I want someone to set me free from the control of what my body desires" (UDB). If your language has a way to show that both the exclamation and the question are highly emotional, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses this question to express great emotion. If your language has a way of showing great emotion through an exclamation or a question, use it here. AT: "I want someone to set me free from the control of what my body desires!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## thanks to God through Jesus Christ our Lord ## +# this body of death -This is the answer to the question in 7:24. (see UDB) +This is a metaphor that means a body that will experience physical death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## So then I myself on the one hand with the mind serve the Law of God, but on the other hand serve the principle of sin with the flesh ## +# But thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our Lord -The mind and flesh are used here to show how they compare to serve either God's Laws or the principle of sin. With the mind or intellect one can choose to please and obey God and with the flesh or physical nature to serve sin. AT: "My mind chooses to please God, but my flesh chooses to obey sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is the answer to the question in 7:24. + +# So then, I myself serve the law of God with my mind. However, with the flesh I serve the principle of sin + +The mind and flesh are used here to show how they compare to serve either God's law or the principle of sin. With the mind or intellect one can choose to please and obey God and with the flesh or physical nature to serve sin. AT: "My mind chooses to please God, but my flesh chooses to obey sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/07/intro.md b/rom/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3254857682 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# Romans 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### "Or do you not know" ##### +This phrase is used to mark the narrative and shifts the topic of the discussion. It connects this discussion with the previous teaching. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### "We have been released from the law" ##### +Paul explains that the law of Moses is no longer in effect. While this is true, the principles behind the law are a reflection of the character of God and are timeless. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Marriage ##### +Marriage is a common metaphor used in Scripture. Here it is used to describe the church's relationship to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Flesh ##### +This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful and it appears Paul is teaching that while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort, but his new nature will be fighting against his old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/01.md b/rom/08/01.md index 94176df027..7f75003520 100644 --- a/rom/08/01.md +++ b/rom/08/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## therefore ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul gives the answer to the struggle he has with sin and good. + +# There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus + +Here "condemnation" refers to punishing people. AT: "God will not condemn and punish those who are joined to Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# therefore "for that reason" or "because what I have just told you is true" -## principle...principle ## +# the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus -The word "principle" here refers to the way things work by nature. This has nothing to do with rules laid down by people. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to God's Spirit. AT: "God's Spirit in Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the law of sin and death + +This refers to our sinful nature that forces us to sin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/03.md b/rom/08/03.md index 09190e4499..a88cef89c6 100644 --- a/rom/08/03.md +++ b/rom/08/03.md @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ -## For what the Law was unable to do because it was weak through the flesh, God did ## +# For what the law was unable to do because it was weak through the flesh, God did -Here the Law is described as a person who could not break the power of sin. AT: "For the Law did not have the power to stop us from sinning, because the power of sin within us was too strong. But God did stop us from sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here the law is described as a person who could not break the power of sin. AT: "For the law did not have the power to stop us from sinning, because the power of sin within us was too strong. But God did stop us from sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## through the flesh ## +# through the flesh -AT: "because of people's sinful nature" +"because of people's sinful nature" -## in the likeness of sinful flesh ## +# He ... sent his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh ... an offering for sin ... he condemned sin -This can be a new sentence. AT: "He looked like any other sinful human being" +The Son of God forever satisfied God's holy anger against our sin by giving his own body and human life as the eternal sacrifice for sin. -## to be an offering for sin ## +# Son -AT:"so that he could die as a sacrifice for our sins" +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## and he condemned sin in the flesh ## +# in the likeness of sinful flesh -AT: "and God broke the power of sin through the body of his Son" +"who looked like any other sinful human being" -## the requirements of the Law might be fulfilled in us ## +# to be an offering for sin -AT: "we might fulfill what the Law requires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"so that he could die as a sacrifice for our sins" -## we who walk not according to the flesh ## +# he condemned sin in the flesh -AT: "we who do not obey our sinful desires" +"God broke the power of sin through the body of his Son" -## but according to the Spirit ## +# the requirements of the law might be fulfilled in us -AT: "but who obey the Holy Spirit" \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "we might fulfill what the law requires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# we who walk not according to the flesh + +"we who do not obey our sinful desires" + +# but according to the Spirit + +"but who obey the Holy Spirit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/06.md b/rom/08/06.md index 459dc7e0de..7131349400 100644 --- a/rom/08/06.md +++ b/rom/08/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## mentality of the flesh...the mentality of the Spirit ## +# Connecting Statement: -"the way sinful people think...the way people who listen to the Holy Spirit think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Paul continues to contrast the flesh with the Spirit we now have. -## death ## +# the mind set on the flesh ... the mind set on the Spirit -Here this means the separation of a person from God. \ No newline at end of file +Here Paul speaks of both the "flesh" and the "spirit" as if they were living persons. AT: "the way sinful people think ... the way people who listen to the Holy Spirit think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# death + +Here this means the separation of a person from God. + +# Those who are in the flesh + +This refers to people who do what their sinful nature tells them to do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/09.md b/rom/08/09.md index 5920e449ef..91bf85da65 100644 --- a/rom/08/09.md +++ b/rom/08/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## in the flesh but in the Spirit ## +# in the flesh -See how these phrases were translated in [Romans 8:3](./03.md). +"acting according to your sinful natures." See how "the flesh" was translated in [Romans 8:5](./03.md). -## Spirit...God's Spirit...Spirit of Christ ## +# in the Spirit + +"acting according to the Holy Spirit" + +# Spirit ... God's Spirit ... Spirit of Christ These all refer to the Holy Spirit. -## if it is true that ## +# if it is true that This phrase does not mean Paul doubts that some of them have God's Spirit. Paul wants them to realize that they all have God's Spirit. AT: "since" or "because" -## If Christ is in you ## +# If Christ is in you How Christ lives in a person could be made explicit. AT: "If Christ lives in you through the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## on the one hand the body is dead in respect to sin, but on the other hand ## - -The phrases "on the one hand" and "but on the other hand" introduce two different ways of thinking about something. AT: "the body is dead in respect to sin, but" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -## the body is dead in respect to sin ## +# the body is dead with respect to sin Possible meanings are 1) a person is spiritually dead to the power of sin or 2) the physical body will still die because of sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the spirit is alive in respect to righteousness ## +# the spirit is alive with respect to righteousness -Possible meanings are 1) a person is spiritually alive God has given him power to do what is right or 2) God will bring the person back to life after he dies because God is righteous and gives believers eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) a person is spiritually alive because God has given him power to do what is right or 2) God will bring the person back to life after he dies because God is righteous and gives believers eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/11.md b/rom/08/11.md index c309788d36..cd026aaf84 100644 --- a/rom/08/11.md +++ b/rom/08/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## If the Spirit...lives in you ## +# If the Spirit ... lives in you -Paul assumes that the Holy Spirit lives in his readers. AT: "Since the Spirit...lives in you" +Paul assumes that the Holy Spirit lives in his readers. AT: "Since the Spirit ... lives in you" -## of him who raised ## +# of him who raised -AT: "of God, who raised" +"of God, who raised" -## raised ## +# raised Here this means to cause a dead person to become alive again. -## mortal bodies ## +# mortal bodies -AT: "physical bodies" or "bodies, which will die someday" \ No newline at end of file +"physical bodies" or "bodies, which will die someday" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/12.md b/rom/08/12.md index 68f23c2be0..45c0fcebba 100644 --- a/rom/08/12.md +++ b/rom/08/12.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## So then ## +# So then -AT: "Because what I have just told you is true" +"Because what I have just told you is true" -## brothers ## +# brothers -AT: "fellow believers" +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## we are debtors ## +# we are debtors -Paul is comparing obedience to paying back a debt. AT: "we need to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul is speaking of obedience as if it were paying back a debt. AT: "we need to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## but not to the flesh to live according to the flesh ## +# but not to the flesh to live according to the flesh -AT: AT: "but we do not need to obey our sinful desires" +Again Paul speaks of obedience as if it were paying back a debt. You can include the implied word "debtors." AT: "but we are not debtors to the flesh, and we do not have to obey our sinful desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For if you live according to the flesh ## +# For if you live according to the flesh -AT: "Because if you live only to please your sinful desires" +"Because if you live only to please your sinful desires" -## you are about to die ## +# you are about to die -AT: "you will certainly be separated from God" +"you will certainly be separated from God" -## but if by the Spirit you put to death the body's actions ## +# but if by the Spirit you put to death the body's actions -AT, as a new sentence: "But if by the power of the Holy Spirit you stop obeying your sinful desires" \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of the "old man," crucified with Christ, as the person who is responsible for his sinful desires. AT: "but if by the power of the Holy Spirit you stop obeying your sinful desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/14.md b/rom/08/14.md index 86e35a6fb9..e9db2a682c 100644 --- a/rom/08/14.md +++ b/rom/08/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## For as many as are led by the Spirit of God ## +# For as many as are led by the Spirit of God -AT: "For all the people whom the Spirit of God leads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "For all the people whom the Spirit of God leads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## sons of God ## +# sons of God -Here this means all believers in Jesus and is often translated as “children of God.” +Here this means all believers in Jesus and is often translated as "children of God." -## For you did not receive the spirit of bondage again to fear ## +# by which we cry -AT: "For God did not give you a spirit that enslaves you again to the power of sin and the fear of God's judgment" +"who causes us to cry out" -## by which we cry ## +# Abba, Father -AT: "which causes us to cry out" - -## Abba, Father ## - -"Abba" is "Father" in the Aramaic language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Abba" is "Father" in the Aramaic language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/16.md b/rom/08/16.md index 97206a26e1..1c2a813e18 100644 --- a/rom/08/16.md +++ b/rom/08/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## If children, then also heirs ## +# heirs of God -The verbs are left out of these phrases but they are understood. AT: "If we are children of God, then we are also heirs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +Paul speaks of the Christian believers as if they will inherit property and wealth from a family member. AT: "we also will one day receive what God has promised us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## heirs of God on the one hand, and joint heirs on the other hand with Christ ## +# we are joint heirs with Christ -The phrases "on the one hand" and "on the other hand" introduce two different ways of thinking about something. AT: "heirs of God and also fellow heirs with Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Paul speaks of the Christian believers as if they will inherit property and wealth from a family member. God will give to us what he gives to Christ. AT: "we will also receive what God has promised us and Christ together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## that we may also be glorified with him ## +# that we may also be glorified with him -AT: "that God may glorify us along with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +God will honor Christian believers when he honors Christ. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "that God may glorify us along with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/18.md b/rom/08/18.md index a5c5bdc70c..7a912468d0 100644 --- a/rom/08/18.md +++ b/rom/08/18.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## For ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul reminds us as believers that our bodies will be changed at the redemption of our bodies in this section which ends in [Romans 8:25](./23.md). + +# For This emphasizes "I consider." It does not mean "because." -## I consider that...are not worthy to be compared with ## +# I consider that ... are not worthy to be compared with -AT: "I do not think that...are worth comparing with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "I cannot compare the sufferings of this present time with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## will be revealed ## +# will be revealed -AT: "God will reveal" or "God will make known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will reveal" or "God will make known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the eager expectation of the creation waits for ## +# the eager expectation of the creation waits for -Everything that God created is described as a person eagerly waiting for something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Paul describes everything that God created as a person who eagerly waits for something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## for the revealing of the sons of God ## +# for the revealing of the sons of God -AT: "for the time at which God will reveal his children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "for the time when God will reveal his children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## sons of God ## +# sons of God -Here this means all believers in Jesus and is often translated as “children of God.” \ No newline at end of file +Here this means all believers in Jesus. You can also translate this as "children of God." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/20.md b/rom/08/20.md index 16b66c9f9e..bf35abb17c 100644 --- a/rom/08/20.md +++ b/rom/08/20.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## For the creation was subjected to futility ## +# For the creation was subjected to futility -AT: "For God caused what he had created to be unable to achieve the purpose for which he had made it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "For God caused what he had created to be unable to achieve what he intended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## not of its own will, but of him who subjected it ## +# not of its own will, but of him who subjected it -Here "creation" is described as a person who can desire. AT: "not because this is what the created things wanted, but because it is what God wanted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here Paul describes "creation" as a person who can desire. AT: "not because this is what the created things wanted, but because it is what God wanted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## in the confidence that the creation itself will be delivered ## +# It is in the confident assurance that the creation itself will be delivered -This can begin a new sentence and with an active verb. AT: "Because God knew that he would save creation" (see UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Because God knew that he would save creation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## from slavery to decay ## +# from slavery to decay -Paul compares all things in creation to slaves and "decay" to their owner. AT: "from rotting and dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of the uselessness of all things affected by sin as if they were a dead body rotting away. He then speaks about all things experiencing this as if they were slaves to a master. AT: "from rotting and dying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## into the liberty of the glory of the children of God ## +# into the freedom of the glory of the children of God -AT: "and he will free them when he gives honor to his children" +"and he will free them when he gives honor to his children" -## For we know that the whole creation groans and labors in pain together even now ## +# For we know that the whole creation groans and labors in pain together even now The creation is compared to a woman groaning while giving birth to a baby. AT: "For we know that everything that God created wants to be free and groans for it like a woman giving birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/23.md b/rom/08/23.md index 7a69bd02fb..6aaf5c3bfc 100644 --- a/rom/08/23.md +++ b/rom/08/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## who have the first fruits of the Spirit ## +# who have the firstfruits of the Spirit -Paul compares believers receiving the Holy Spirit to the first fruits and vegetables of the season to grow. This emphasizes that the Holy Spirit is only the beginning of what God will give to believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul compares believers' receiving the Holy Spirit to the firstfruits and vegetables of the season to grow. This emphasizes that the Holy Spirit is only the beginning of what God will give to believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## waiting for our adoption, the redemption of our body ## +# waiting for our adoption, the redemption of our body -AT: "waiting for when we are fully members of God's family and he saves our bodies from decay and death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "our adoption" means when we become full members of God's family, as adopted children. The word "redemption" means when God saves us. AT: "waiting for when we are fully members of God's family and he saves our bodies from decay and death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For by this confidence we were saved ## +# For by this confidence we were saved -AT: "For God saved us because we were confident in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "For God saved us because we were confident in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## But what we are confident will happen has not yet been seen, for who is confident of what he already sees? ## +# But what we are confident will happen has not yet been seen, for who confidently waits for what he already sees? -Paul uses a question to help his audience understand what "confidence" is. AT: "But if we are confidently waiting that means we do not yet have what we want. No one can confidently wait if he already has what he wants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]). \ No newline at end of file +Paul uses a question to help his audience understand what "confidence" is. AT: "But if we are confidently waiting, that means we do not yet have what we want. No one can confidently wait if he already has what he wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/26.md b/rom/08/26.md index 45fd27d42e..02832559a3 100644 --- a/rom/08/26.md +++ b/rom/08/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## inexpressible groanings ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "groanings that cannot be expressed in words" \ No newline at end of file +Though Paul has been emphasizing that there is a struggle in believers between the flesh and the Spirit, he affirms that the Spirit is aiding us. + +# inexpressible groans + +"groanings that we cannot express in words" + +# He who searches the hearts + +This refers to God. Here "searches the hearts" means "examines our thoughts and feelings." AT: "God, who knows all our thoughts and feelings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/28.md b/rom/08/28.md index b2d2014dba..b6efde7ce7 100644 --- a/rom/08/28.md +++ b/rom/08/28.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## for those who are called ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "for those whom God chose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Paul reminds the believers that nothing can separate them from God's love. -## those whom he foreknew ## +# for those who are called -AT: "those whom he knew before he even created them" +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "for those whom God chose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he also predestined ## +# those whom he foreknew -AT: "he also made it their destiny" or "he also planned in advance" +"those whom he knew before he even created them" -## to be conformed to the image of his Son ## +# he also predestined -AT: "that he would change them to be like his Son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"he also made it their destiny" or "he also planned in advance" -## that he might be the firstborn ## +# to be conformed to the image of his Son -AT: "so that his Son would be the firstborn" +God planned from before the beginning of creation to grow those who believe in Jesus, the Son of God, into persons who are like Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "that he would change them to be like his Son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## among many brothers ## +# Son -AT: "among many brothers and sisters who belong to the family of God" ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## Those whom he predestined ## +# that he might be the firstborn -AT: "Those whom God made plans for in advance" +"so that his Son would be the firstborn" -## these he also glorified ## +# among many brothers -The word "glorified" is in the past tense to emphasize that this will certainly happen. AT: "these he will also glorify" \ No newline at end of file +Here "brothers" refers to all believers, both male and female. AT: "among many brothers and sisters who belong to the family of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Those whom he predestined + +"Those whom God made plans for in advance" + +# these he also justified + +Here "justified" is in the past tense to emphasize that this will certainly happen. AT: "these he also put right with himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# these he also glorified + +The word "glorified" is in the past tense to emphasize that this will certainly happen. AT: "these he will also glorify" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/31.md b/rom/08/31.md index 9778552de8..14dc02c7c8 100644 --- a/rom/08/31.md +++ b/rom/08/31.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## What then shall we say about these things? If God is for us, who is against us? ## +# What then shall we say about these things? If God is for us, who is against us? Paul uses questions to emphasize the main point of what he said previously. AT: "This is what we should know from all of this: since God is helping us, no one can defeat us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## but delivered him up ## +# He who did not spare his own Son -AT: "but handed him over to his enemies" +God the Father sent the Son of God, Jesus Christ, to the cross as the holy, infinite sacrifice necessary to satisfy God's infinite, holy nature against the sin of humanity. Here "Son" is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -## how will he not also with him freely give us all things? ## +# but delivered him up -Paul is using a question for emphasis. AT: "he will certainly and freely give us all things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file +"but handed him over to his enemies" + +# how will he not also with him freely give us all things? + +Paul is using a question for emphasis. AT: "he will certainly and freely give us all things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/33.md b/rom/08/33.md index 401b33ce9e..2a66d983c5 100644 --- a/rom/08/33.md +++ b/rom/08/33.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Who will bring any accusation against God’s chosen ones? God is the one who justifies ## +# Who will bring any accusation against God's chosen ones? God is the one who justifies Paul uses a question for emphasis. AT: "No one can accuse us before God because he is the one who makes us right with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Who is the one who condemns? Is it Christ Jesus…and who also intercedes in our behalf? ## +# Who is the one who condemns? -Paul uses a question for emphasis. AT: "No one can condemn us because it is Jesus Christ…and who also intercedes on our behalf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses a question for emphasis. He does not expect an answer. AT: "No one will condemn us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## who even more importantly was raised from the dead ## +# more than that, who was raised -AT: "whom even more importantly God raised from the dead" or "who even more importantly came back to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]). \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "whom even more importantly God raised from the dead" or "who even more importantly came back to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/35.md b/rom/08/35.md index 7d26cfe850..59a20494ba 100644 --- a/rom/08/35.md +++ b/rom/08/35.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## Tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or hunger, or nakedness, or danger, or sword? ## +# Who will separate us from the love of Christ? -AT: "It is not possible even if someone causes us trouble, hurts us, takes away our clothes and food, or even kills us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Paul uses this question to teach that nothing can separate us from the love of Christ. AT: "No one will ever separate us from the love of Christ!" or "Nothing will ever separate us from the love of Christ!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Tribulation, or distress ## +# Tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or hunger, or nakedness, or danger, or sword? -These words both mean the same thing. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "shall separate us from the love of Christ" are understood from the previous question. AT: "Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or hunger, or nakedness, or danger, or sword separate us from the love of Christ?"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## For your benefit ## +# Tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or hunger, or nakedness, or danger, or sword? + +Paul uses this question to emphasize that even these things cannot separate us from the love of Christ. AT: "Even tribulation, distress, persecution, hunger, nakedness, danger, and sword cannot separate us from the love of Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or hunger, or nakedness, or danger, or sword? + +The abstract nouns can be expressed with verb phrases. Here "sword" is a metonym that represents being killed violently. AT: "Even if people cause us trouble, hurt us, take away our clothes and food, or kill us, they cannot separate us from the love of Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Tribulation, or distress + +These words both mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# For your benefit Here "your" is singular and refers to God. AT: "For you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## we are killed all day long ## +# we are killed all day long -Here "we" refers to the one who wrote this part of Scripture and includes all those who remain loyal to God. The phrase "all day long" is an exaggeration to emphasize how much danger they are in. Paul uses this part of Scripture to show that all who belong to God should expect difficult times. AT: "our enemies continually seek to kill us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "we" refers to the one who wrote this part of Scripture, but not his audience, who was God. The phrase "all day long" is an exaggeration to emphasize how much danger they are in. Paul uses this part of Scripture to show that all who belong to God should expect difficult times. This can be translated in an active form. AT: "our enemies continually seek to kill us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## We were considered as sheep for the slaughter ## +# We were considered as sheep for the slaughter -This compares those whom people kill because they are loyal to God to livestock. AT: "Our lives had no more value to them than the sheep they kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Paul compares to livestock those whom people kill because they are loyal to God. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Our lives have no more value to them than the sheep they kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/37.md b/rom/08/37.md index 4aa81f08f1..c6c6c007ad 100644 --- a/rom/08/37.md +++ b/rom/08/37.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## we are more than conquerors ## +# we are more than conquerors -AT: "we have complete victory" +"we have complete victory" -## through the one who loved us ## +# through the one who loved us -The kind of love that Jesus showed us can be made explicit. AT: "because of Jesus, who loved us so much he was willing to die for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +You can make explicit the kind of love that Jesus showed. AT: "because of Jesus, who loved us so much he was willing to die for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I have been convinced ## +# I have been convinced -AT: "I am convinced" or "I am confident" +"I am convinced" or "I am confident" -## governments ## +# governments -Possible meanings are 1) demons (UDB) or 2) human kings and rulers. +Possible meanings are 1) demons or 2) human kings and rulers. -## nor powers ## +# nor powers Possible meanings are 1) spiritual beings with power or 2) human beings with power. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/08/intro.md b/rom/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9ff474a69c --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# Romans 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 8:36, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +The first verse of this chapter forms a transitional sentence. It concludes the teaching of chapter 7 and anticipates the material of chapter 8. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Indwelling of the Spirit ##### +The Holy Spirit is said to live inside a person or inside their heart. The presence of the Spirit is a sign of a person's salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +##### "These are sons of God" ##### +While Jesus is the Son of God in a unique way, Christians are also said to be children of God by adoption. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +Verses 38 and 39 form an extended metaphor producing a poetic presentation of Paul's teaching. Its explains that nothing can separate a person from the love of God in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### On the one hand ... on the other hand ##### +These phrases are used to speak of two things simultaneously. These two things are usually contrasted with each other, but it is not necessary that they contrast. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### No condemnation ##### +This phrase must be translated careful to avoid doctrinal confusion. People are still guilty of their sin and God disapproves of their actions, even after they come to faith in Jesus. Their sins are still punished but the punishment for sin has been paid and this is what Paul expresses here. There are several possible meanings to the word "condemn." Here "condemn" emphasizes that people who believe in Jesus are are no longer punished eternally for their sin by being "condemned to hell." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]]) + +##### Flesh ##### + +This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful and it appears that Paul is teaching that while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort. His new nature will fight against his old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/01.md b/rom/09/01.md index 4122a3cfc7..9b919b4edb 100644 --- a/rom/09/01.md +++ b/rom/09/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## my conscience bearing witness with me in the Holy Spirit, ## +# Connecting Statement: -This phrase can be made into a separate sentence: "The Holy Spirit controls my conscience and confirms what I say" +Paul tells of his personal desire that the people of the nation of Israel will be saved. Then he emphasizes the different ways in which God has prepared them to believe. -## that for me there is great sorrow and unceasing pain in my heart. ## +# I tell the truth in Christ. I do not lie -This can be a separate sentence. AT: "I tell you that I grieve very greatly and deeply." If the person for whom Paul grieves needs to be stated, follow UDB. +These two expressions mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize that he is telling the truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## great sorrow and unceasing pain ## +# my conscience bears witness with me in the Holy Spirit + +"the Holy Spirit controls my conscience and confirms what I say" + +# that for me there is great sorrow and unceasing pain in my heart + +Here "unceasing pain in my heart" is an idiom that Paul uses to share his emotional distress. AT: "I tell you that I grieve very greatly and deeply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# great sorrow and unceasing pain These two expressions mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how great his emotions are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/03.md b/rom/09/03.md index 97ee13922f..579fcba494 100644 --- a/rom/09/03.md +++ b/rom/09/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## For I could wish that I myself be cursed and apart from Christ for the sake of my brothers, those of my own race according to the flesh. ## +# For I could wish that I myself would be cursed and set apart from Christ for the sake of my brothers, those of my own race according to the flesh -AT: "I personally would be willing to let God curse me and, keep me apart from Christ forever if that would help my fellow Israelites, my own people group, to believe in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "I personally would be willing to let God curse me and, keep me apart from Christ forever if that would help my fellow Israelites, my own people group, to believe in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## They are Israelites ## +# brothers -AT: "They, like me, are Israelites. God chose them to be Jacob's descendants" (UDB) +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## Theirs are the ancestors from whom has come Christ with respect to the flesh ## +# They are Israelites -AT: "Christ has come physically as a descendant from their ancestors" +"They, like me, are Israelites. God chose them to be Jacob's descendants" -## Christ, who is over all, God blessed forever ## +# They have adoption -This can be translated as a separate sentence. AT: "Christ is over all and God has blessed him forever" \ No newline at end of file +Here Paul uses the metaphor of "adoption" to indicate that the Israelites are like God's children. AT: "They have God as their father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Theirs are the ancestors from whom Christ has come with respect to the flesh + +Here "Christ has come with respect to the flesh" means that Christ is a physical descendant of the Israelite ancestors. AT: "Christ has come physically as a descendant from their ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/06.md b/rom/09/06.md index af44578838..a2ab361fc1 100644 --- a/rom/09/06.md +++ b/rom/09/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## But it is not as though the promises of God had failed ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "But God has not failed to keep his promises" +Paul emphasizes that those who are born in the family of Israel can really only be a true part of Israel through faith. -## For it is not everyone in Israel who truly belongs to Israel. ## +# But it is not as though the promises of God have failed -God did not make his promises to all the physical descendants of Israel (or Jacob), but to his spiritual descendants, that is, those who have faith in Jesus. +"But God has not failed to keep his promises" or "God has kept his promises" -## Neither are all Abraham's descendants truly his children ## +# For it is not everyone in Israel who truly belongs to Israel -AT: "Nor are they all children of God just because they are Abraham's descendants" \ No newline at end of file +God did not make his promises to all the physical descendants of Israel (or Jacob), but to his spiritual descendants, that is, those who trust in Jesus. + +# Neither are all Abraham's descendants truly his children + +"Nor are they all children of God just because they are Abraham's descendants" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/08.md b/rom/09/08.md index a958d51572..961587ecc7 100644 --- a/rom/09/08.md +++ b/rom/09/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## the children of the flesh ## +# the children of the flesh are not -This refers to people who are the physical descendants of Abraham. +Here "children of the flesh" is a metonym that refers to the physical descendants of Abraham. AT: "not all of Abraham's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## children of God ## +# children of God -This refers to people who are the spiritual descendants who have faith in Jesus. +This is a metaphor that refers to people who are spiritual descendants, those who have faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## children of the promise ## +# children of the promise -This refers to people who will inherit the promise. +This refers to people who will inherit the promises that God gave to Abraham. -## a son will be given to Sarah ## +# a son will be given to Sarah -AT: "I will give Sara a son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form to express that God will give a son to Sarah. AT: "I will give Sarah a son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/10.md b/rom/09/10.md index c5acf1d530..6c3931e554 100644 --- a/rom/09/10.md +++ b/rom/09/10.md @@ -1,39 +1,43 @@ -## our father Isaac...It is just ## +# Rebecca -You may need to place 9:11 after 9:12. AT: "our father Isaac, it was said to her, 'The older will serve the younger.' Now the children were not yet born...because of him who calls. It is just." +"Rebecca" is the new testament spelling of "Rebekah". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) -## our father ## +# our father Isaac ... It is just -Isaac was the ancestor of Paul and of the Jewish believers in Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +In your culture you may need to place 9:11 after 9:12 to make them easier to understand. AT: "our father Isaac, it was said to her, 'The older will serve the younger.' Now the children were not yet born ... because of him who calls. It is just" -## conceived ## +# our father -AT: "became pregnant" +Paul refers to Isaac as "our father" because Isaac was the ancestor of Paul and of the Jewish believers in Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## for the children were not yet born, neither having yet done anything good or bad ## +# conceived -AT: "before the children were born and had not done anything good or bad" +"became pregnant" -## so that the purpose of God according to choice might stand ## +# for the children were not yet born and had not yet done anything good or bad -AT: "so that what God wants to happen according to His choice might happen" +"before the children were born and before they had done anything, whether good or bad" -## for the children were not yet born ## +# so that the purpose of God according to choice might stand -AT: "before the children were born" +"so that what God wants to happen according to His choice will happen" -## neither having yet done anything good or bad ## +# for the children were not yet born -AT: "not because of anything they had done" +"before the children were born" -## because of him ## +# had not yet done anything good or bad + +"not because of anything they had done" + +# because of him because of God -## it was said to her, "The older will serve the younger." ## +# it was said to her, "The older will serve the younger." -AT: "God said to Rebecca, 'The older son will serve the younger son'" +"God said to Rebecca, 'The older son will serve the younger son'" -## "Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated" ## +# Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated -God hated Esau only in comparison to how much he loved Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "hated" is an exaggeration. God loved Jacob much more than he loved Esau. He did not literally hate Esau. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/14.md b/rom/09/14.md index 7b984d05dc..ea6509f430 100644 --- a/rom/09/14.md +++ b/rom/09/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## What then will we say? ## +# What then will we say? -Paul is using the question to correct the conclusion that God is unrighteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is using the question to get the attention of his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## May it never be ## +# May it never be -AT: "That is not possible!” or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. +"That is not possible!" or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. -## For he says to Moses ## +# For he says to Moses -AT: "For God says to Moses" +Paul speaks about God's talking with Moses as if it is being done in the present time. AT: "For God said to Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## it is not because of him who wills, nor because of him who runs ## +# it is not because of him who wills, nor because of him who runs -AT: "it is not because of what people want or because they try hard" +"it is not because of what people want or because they try hard" -## nor because of him who runs ## +# nor because of him who runs -Paul compares someone running a race to someone who is trying hard to get to a goal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of a person who does good things in order to gain God's favor as if that person were running a race. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/17.md b/rom/09/17.md index 09825a3192..ef65c1e3c3 100644 --- a/rom/09/17.md +++ b/rom/09/17.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## For the scripture says ## +# For the scripture says -Here the scripture is personified as God talking to Pharaoh. AT: "The scripture records that God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here the scripture is personified as if God were talking to Pharaoh. AT: "The scripture records that God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## I...my ## +# I ... my God is referring to himself. -## you ## +# you -singular (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) +singular (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth ## +# so that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth -AT: "and that people might proclaim my name in all the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "that people might proclaim my name in all the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## and whom he wishes, he makes stubborn ## +# my name -God makes stubborn whom God wishes to make stubborn. \ No newline at end of file +This metonym refers to God in all of his being. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# whom he wishes, he makes stubborn + +God makes stubborn whoever he wishes to make stubborn. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/19.md b/rom/09/19.md index a05de77640..bb610ea3d4 100644 --- a/rom/09/19.md +++ b/rom/09/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## You ## +# You will say then to me -Paul is talking to the critics of his teaching as though his is talking to one person. You may need to use the plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +Paul is talking to the critics of his teaching as though he were only talking to one person. You may need to use the plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## he...his ## +# Why does he still find fault? For who has ever withstood his will? -These refer to God. +These are rhetorical questions that Paul uses to add emphasis. You can translate all of these questions as strong statements. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Will what has been molded say...daily use? ## +# he ... his -Paul uses the potter's right to make any kind of container he wants from the clay as a metaphor for the creator's right to do whatever he wants with his creation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "he" and "his" here refer to God. + +# Will what has been molded say ... daily use? + +Paul uses the potter's right to make any kind of container he wants from the clay as a metaphor for the creator's right to do whatever he wants with his creation. Paul asks these questions to emphasize his point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Why did you make me this way? + +The word "you" here refers to God. Paul uses this question to add emphasis. You can translate it as a strong statement. AT: "God, you should not have made me this way!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/22.md b/rom/09/22.md index 06be2bd7ec..145fcd4994 100644 --- a/rom/09/22.md +++ b/rom/09/22.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## he…his ## +# he ... his -"God...God's" +The words "he" and "his" here refer to God. -## containers of wrath...containers of mercy ## +# containers of wrath ... containers of mercy -AT: "people who deserve wrath...people who deserve mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of people as if they were containers. AT: "people who deserve wrath ... people who deserve mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## riches of his glory ## +# the riches of his glory -AT: "his glory, which is of great value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul compares God's wonderful actions here to great "riches." AT: "his glory, which is of great value," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## which he previously prepared for glory ## +# which he had previously prepared for glory -AT: "whom he prepared ahead of time to give glory" +Here "glory" refers to life in heaven with God. AT: "whom he prepared ahead of time in order that they might live with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## also us ## +# also for us -Paul and fellow believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +The word "us" here refers to Paul and fellow believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## called ## +# called -Here this means God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus \ No newline at end of file +Here "called" means God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/25.md b/rom/09/25.md index d65abdfd56..879184d141 100644 --- a/rom/09/25.md +++ b/rom/09/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## As he says also in Hosea ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "As God says also in the book Hosea wrote" +In this section Paul explains how Israel's unbelief as a nation was told ahead of time by the prophet Hosea. -## Hosea ## +# As he says also in Hosea + +Here "he" refers to God. AT: "As God says also in the book that Hosea wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Hosea Hosea was a prophet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## "I will call my people who were not my people ## +# I will call my people who were not my people -AT: "I will choose people who were not my people to be my people" +"I will choose for my people those who were not my people" -## and her beloved who was not beloved ## +# her beloved who was not beloved -AT: "and I will choose her whom I did not love to be one whom I love" +Here "her" refers to Hosea's wife, Gomer, who represents the nation of Israel. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "I will choose her whom I did not love to be one whom I love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## sons of the living God ## +# sons of the living God -The word "living" may refer to the fact that God is the only "true" God, and not like the false idols. AT: "children of the true God" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +The word "living" may refer to the fact that God is the only true God, and not like the false idols. AT: "children of the true God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/27.md b/rom/09/27.md index 2fe9674d55..4b9cb6b837 100644 --- a/rom/09/27.md +++ b/rom/09/27.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## cries out ## +# cries out -AT: "calls out" +"calls out" -## as the sand of the sea ## +# as the sand of the sea -AT: "too many to count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here Paul compares the number of the people of Israel to the number of grains of sand in the sea. AT: "too many to count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## will be saved ## +# will be saved -Saved is used in a spiritual sense. If a person has been “saved,” it means that through Jesus' death on the cross, God has forgiven him and rescued him from being punished for his sin. +Paul uses the word "saved" in a spiritual sense. If God saves a person, it means that through believing in Jesus' death on the cross, God has forgiven him and rescued him from being punished for his sin. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will save" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## word ## +# the Lord will carry out his sentence on the earth -This refers to everything God has said or commanded. +Here "sentence" refers to how he has decided to punish people. AT: "the Lord will punish people on the earth according to how he has said" -## us…we ## +# us ... we -Here these words refer to Isaiah and include the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here the words "us" and "we" refer to Isaiah and those to whom he spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## we would have become like Sodom, and have been made like Gomorrah ## +# we would be like Sodom, and we would have become like Gomorrah -You can make more explicit how the Israelites would have been like Sodom and Gomorrah. AT: "we would have all been destroyed, like the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed" (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +God killed all of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah because of their sin. AT: "we all would have been destroyed like the people of Sodom and Gomorrah" or "God would have destroyed all of us, like he destroyed the cities of Sodom and Gommorah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/30.md b/rom/09/30.md index 2d2621d93f..837e469cf6 100644 --- a/rom/09/30.md +++ b/rom/09/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## What will we say then? ## +# What will we say then? -AT: "This is what we must say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses this question to get the attention of his readers. AT: "This is what we must say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## That the Gentiles ## +# That the Gentiles -AT: "We will say that the Gentiles" +"We will say that the Gentiles" -## pursuing righteousness ## +# who were not pursuing righteousness -AT: "trying to please God" +"who were not trying to please God" -## attained righteousness, the righteousness by faith ## +# the righteousness by faith -AT: "pleased God by believing in his Son" +Here "by faith" refers to placing one's trust in Christ. You can make this explicit in your translation. AT: "because God made them right with him when they trusted in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## did not arrive at it ## +# did not arrive at it -AT: "did not attain righteousness by keeping the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +This means that the Israelites could not please God by trying to keep the law. You can make this explicit in your translation. AT: "were not able to please God by keeping the law because they could not keep it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/32.md b/rom/09/32.md index 79e70f7643..d908eb10f1 100644 --- a/rom/09/32.md +++ b/rom/09/32.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Why not? ## +# Why not? -AT: "Why could they not attain righteousness?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This is an ellipsis. You can include the implied words in your translation. Paul asks this question to get the attention of his readers. AT: "Why could they not attain righteousness?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## by works ## +# by works -AT: "by trying to do things that would please God" (see UDB) or "by keeping the Law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This refers to things that people do to try to please God. You can make this explicit in your translation. AT: "by trying to do things that would please God" or "by keeping the Law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## stone of stumbling ## +# as it has been written -AT: "stone over which people stumble" +You can indicate that Isaiah wrote this. You can also translate it in an active form. AT: "as Isaiah the prophet wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## as it has been written ## +# in Zion -AT: "as Isaiah the prophet wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here Zion is a metonym that represents Israel. AT: "in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Zion ## +# stone of stumbling and a rock of offense -A place name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing and are metaphors that refer to Jesus and his death on the cross. It was as if the people stumbled over a stone because they were disgusted when they considered Jesus' death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## believes in it ## +# believes in it -Because the stone stands for a person (see UDB), you may need to translate "believes in him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Because the stone stands for a person, you may need to translate "believes in him." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/intro.md b/rom/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89900028b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# Romans 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter marks a noticeable shift in Paul's argument. His focus in chapters 9-11 is on the nation of Israel. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent all the lines of 9:25-26, 29, 33, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Flesh ##### +Flesh is used in this chapter to exclusively refer to people who are physically related to Paul. This would make them Israelites. There is a differences here between Paul's use of "brother" as both a physical relationship (with fellow Israelites) and a spiritual relationship (with fellow Christians). The term "children of God" is also related to this teaching. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) + +##### Predestination ##### +Many scholars believe this chapter gives an extensive teaching on a subject known as "predestination." This is related to the biblical concept of "to predestine," but some take this to indicate that God has chosen some to be eternally saved from before the foundation of the world. Since this is a source of theological diversity, extra care should be taken in translation, especially with regards to elements of causation in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/predestine]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +##### Important figures of speech in this chapter ##### + +##### Stone of Stumbling ##### +Paul explains that while the Gentiles accepted Jesus as their savior by faith, the Jews desired to earn their salvation and rejected Jesus. Jesus is described as a stone one stumbles over when walking. This "stone of stumbling" causes them to "fall." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "It is not everyone in Israel who truly belongs to Israel" ##### +Some scholars believe this refers to the physical descendants of Abraham who do not follow the spiritual path of Abraham. Others believe it means that the "true" Israel is now known as the church. This would indicate that the Israelites in some sense should no longer be known as Israelites (at least spiritually). It is necessary to say that at least one of the usages of Israel in this phrase is a spiritual Israel. Context favors the former understanding because ethnic Israel still has a future in this chapter. This is reflected in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/01.md b/rom/10/01.md index e3ecd1fefd..3eed2dc476 100644 --- a/rom/10/01.md +++ b/rom/10/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Brothers ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul continues stating his desire for Israel to believe but emphasizes that both those who are Jews as well as everyone else can only be saved by faith in Jesus. + +# Brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## my heart’s desire ## +# my heart's desire -AT: "my greatest desire" +"my greatest desire" -## is for them, for their salvation ## +# is for them, for their salvation -AT: "is that God will save the Jews" \ No newline at end of file +"is that God will save the Jews" + +# I testify about them + +"I declare truthfully about them" + +# For they do not know of God's righteousness + +Here "righteousness refers to the way God puts people right with himself. You can make this explicit in the translation. AT: "For they do not know how God puts people right with himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# They did not submit to the righteousness of God + +"They did not accept God's way of putting people right with himself" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/04.md b/rom/10/04.md index 88fac69f48..9be66a8963 100644 --- a/rom/10/04.md +++ b/rom/10/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## For Christ is the fulfillment of the Law ## +# For Christ is the fulfillment of the law -AT: "For Christ completely fulfilled the Law" +"For Christ completely fulfilled the law" -## for righteousness for everyone who believes ## +# for righteousness for everyone who believes -AT: "in order that he may make everyone who believes in him right before God" +Here "believes" means "trusts." AT: "in order that he may make everyone who trusts in him right before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## believes ## +# the righteousness that comes from the law -Here this means to believe something is to accept or trust that it is true. +Paul speaks of "righteousness" as if it were alive and able to move. AT: "how the law makes a person right before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the righteousness that comes from the Law ## +# The man who does the righteousness of the law will live by this righteousness -AT: "how the Law makes a person right before God" +In order to be made right with God through the law, a person would have to keep the law perfectly, which is not possible. AT: "The person who perfectly obeys the law will live because the law will make him right before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The man who does the righteousness of the Law will live by this righteousness ## +# will live -AT: "The person who perfectly obeys the Law will live because the Law will make him right before God" - -## will live ## - -This can refer to 1) eternal life (see UDB) or 2) mortal life in fellowship with God. \ No newline at end of file +The words "will live" can refer to 1) eternal life or 2) mortal life in fellowship with God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/06.md b/rom/10/06.md index 8fd22d79f4..1f5c2b253d 100644 --- a/rom/10/06.md +++ b/rom/10/06.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## But the righteousness that comes from faith says this ## +# But the righteousness that comes from faith says this -Here "righteousness" is described as a person that can speak. AT: "But Moses writes this about how faith makes a person right before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here "righteousness" is described as a person who can speak. AT: "But Moses writes this about how faith makes a person right before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Do not say in your heart ## +# Do not say in your heart -Moses was addressing the people as though they were one person. AT: "Do not say to yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Moses was addressing the people as if he were speaking to only one person. AT: "Do not say to yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Who will ascend into heaven? ## +# Who will ascend into heaven? -Moses uses a question to teach his audience. His previous instruction of, "Do not say" requires a negative answer to this question. AT: "No one should try to go up to heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses uses a question to teach his audience. His previous instruction of, "Do not say" requires a negative answer to this question. You can translate this question as a statement. AT: "No one is able to go up to heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## that is, to bring Christ down ## +# that is, to bring Christ down -AT: "in order that they might have Christ come down to earth" +"in order that they might have Christ come down to earth" -## Who will descend into the abyss ## +# Who will descend into the abyss -Moses uses a question to teach his audience. His previous instruction of, "Do not say" requires a negative answer to this question. AT: "No one should try to go down and enter the place where the spirits of dead persons are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Moses uses a question to teach his audience. His previous instruction of, "Do not say" requires a negative answer to this question. You can translate this as a statement. AT: "No person can go down and enter the place where the spirits of dead persons are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## that is, to bring Christ up from the dead ## +# that is, to bring Christ up from the dead ones -AT: "in order that they might bring Christ up from the dead" +"in order that they might bring Christ back from the dead" -## dead ## +# dead -Here it means when the physical body of a person stops living. \ No newline at end of file +Here "dead" means physical death. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/08.md b/rom/10/08.md index 0a8dd09979..cc507befe0 100644 --- a/rom/10/08.md +++ b/rom/10/08.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## But what does it say? ## +# But what does it say? -The word "it" refers to "righteousness" in 10:6. Here Paul describes "righteousness" as a person that can speak. Paul uses a question to emphasize the answer he is about to give. AT: "But this is what Moses says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The word "it" refers to "the righteousness" of [Romans 10:6](./06.md). Here Paul describes "righteousness" as a person who can speak. Paul uses a question to emphasize the answer he is about to give. AT: "But this is what Moses says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## The word is near you ## +# The word is near you -AT: "The message is right here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Paul speaks of God's "message" as if it were a person who can move. AT: "The message is right here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## in your mouth ## +# in your mouth -The word "mouth" refers to what a person speaks. This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "it is in what you say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The word "mouth" is a synecdoche that refers to what a person says. AT: "it is in what you say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## and in your heart ## +# in your heart -The word "heart" refers to a person's mind or what he thinks. AT: "and it is in what you think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The phrase "in your heart" is an idiom that refers to what a person thinks and believes. AT: "it is in what you think and believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## if you acknowledge with your mouth Jesus as Lord ## +# if with your mouth you acknowledge Jesus as Lord -AT: "if you confess that Jesus is Lord" +"if you confess that Jesus is Lord" -## believe in your heart ## +# believe in your heart -AT: "accept as true" +"accept as true" -## raised from the dead ## +# raised him from the dead -Here this means to cause a dead person to become alive again. +Here this means that God caused Jesus to become alive again. -## you will be saved ## +# you will be saved -This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "God will save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For with the heart man believes for righteousness, and with the mouth he acknowledges for salvation ## +# For with the heart man believes for righteousness, and with the mouth he acknowledges for salvation -AT: "For it is with the mind that a person trusts and is right before God, and it is with the mouth that a person confesses and God saves him" \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" is a metonym that represents the mind or will. AT: "For it is with the mind that a person trusts and is right before God, and it is with the mouth that a person confesses and God saves him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# with the mouth + +Here "mouth" is a synecdoche that represents a person's capacity to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/11.md b/rom/10/11.md index db4f2fb3e0..84da4c516e 100644 --- a/rom/10/11.md +++ b/rom/10/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## Everyone who believes on him will not be put to shame ## +# For scripture says -This can be translated with an active. AT: "God will honor everyone who believes in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +Paul speaks of the Scripture as if it were alive and had a voice. You can make explicit who wrote the Scripture that Paul uses here. AT: "For Isaiah wrote in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## there is no difference between Jew and Greek ## +# Everyone who believes on him will not be put to shame -AT: "In this way, God treats the Jews and the non-Jews the same" (UDB) +This is equivalent to: "Everyone who does not believe will be shamed." The negative is used here for emphasis. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will honor everyone who believes in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## and is rich to all who call upon him ## +# For there is no difference between Jew and Greek -AT: "and he richly blesses all who trust in him" +Paul implies that God will treat all people the same. You can make this explicit in your translation. AT: "In this way, God treats the Jews and the non-Jews the same" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## For everyone who calls upon the name of the Lord will be saved ## +# he is rich to all who call upon him -The word "name" refers to the entire person. This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "The Lord will save everyone who trusts in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "he is rich" means that God blesses richly. You can make this explicit in your translation. AT: "he richly blesses all who trust in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved + +Here the word "name" is a metonym for Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "The Lord will save everyone who trusts in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/14.md b/rom/10/14.md index 9a0815bf86..1fc55889e9 100644 --- a/rom/10/14.md +++ b/rom/10/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## How then can they call on him in whom they have not believed? ## +# How then can they call on him in whom they have not believed? -Paul uses a question to emphasize the importance of taking the good news of Christ to those who have not heard. The word "they" refers to those who do not yet belong to God. AT: "Those who do not believe in God cannot call on him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses a question to emphasize the importance of taking the good news of Christ to those who have not heard. The word "they" refers to those who do not yet belong to God. AT: "Those who do not believe in God cannot call on him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## And how can they believe in him of whom they have not heard? ## +# How can they believe in him of whom they have not heard? -Paul uses another question for the same reason. AT: "And they cannot believe in him if they have not heard his message." or "And they cannot believe in him if they have not heard the message about him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses another question for the same reason. AT: "And they cannot believe in him if they have not heard his message!" or "And they cannot believe in him if they have not heard the message about him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## beleive in ## +# believe in Here this means to acknowledge that what that person has said is true. -## And how can they hear without a preacher? ## +# How can they hear without a preacher? -Paul uses another question for the same reason. AT: "And they cannot hear the message if someone does not tell them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses another question for the same reason. AT: "And they cannot hear the message if someone does not tell them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## And how can they preach, unless they are sent? ## +# Then how can they preach, unless they are sent? -Paul uses another question for the same reason. The word "they" refers to those who belong to God. AT: "And they cannot tell other people the message unless someone sends them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses another question for the same reason. The word "they" refers to those who belong to God. AT: "Then they cannot tell other people the message unless someone sends them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## How beautiful are the feet of those who proclaim glad tidings of good things ## +# How beautiful are the feet of those who proclaim glad tidings of good things -Paul uses "feet" to represent those who travel and bring the message to those who have not heard it. AT: "It is wonderful when messengers come and tell us the good news" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul uses "feet" to represent those who travel and bring the message to those who have not heard it. AT: "It is wonderful when messengers come and tell us the good news!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/16.md b/rom/10/16.md index a8b9018e20..9a18fdd739 100644 --- a/rom/10/16.md +++ b/rom/10/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## But they did not all listen ## +# But they did not all listen -AT: "But not all Jews listened" +Here "they" refers to the Jews. "But not all Jews listened" -## Lord, who has believed our message? ## +# Lord, who has believed our message? -Paul is using this question to emphasize that Isaiah prophesied in the Scriptures that many Jews would not believe in Jesus. Here, "our" refers to God and Isaiah. AT: "Lord, so many of them do not believe our message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is using this question to emphasize that Isaiah prophesied in the Scriptures that many Jews would not believe in Jesus. You can translate this as a statement. AT: "Lord, so many of them do not believe our message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) * **believe** - to accept or trust that something is true -## believe ## +# our message -Here this means to accept or trust that it is true. \ No newline at end of file +Here, "our" refers to God and Isaiah. + +# faith comes from hearing + +Here "faith" refers to "believing in Christ" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/18.md b/rom/10/18.md index 657069ef3f..a0fab2f39b 100644 --- a/rom/10/18.md +++ b/rom/10/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## But I say, "Did they not hear?" Yes, most certainly ## +# But I say, "Did they not hear?" Yes, most certainly -Paul uses a question for emphasis. AT: "But, I say the Jews certainly have heard the message about Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +Paul uses a question for emphasis. You can translate this as a statement. AT: "But, I say the Jews certainly have heard the message about Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## Their sound has gone out into all the earth, And their words to the ends of the world ## +# Their sound has gone out into all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world -Both of these statements mean basically the same thing and are used for emphasis. The word "their" refers to the sun, moon, and stars. Here they are described as human messengers that tell people about God. This refers to how their existence testifies to God's power and glory. It can be made explicit that Paul is quoting Scripture here. AT: "As it is written in the Scriptures, 'The sun, moon, and the stars are proof of God's power and glory, and everyone in the world sees them and knows the truth about God'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Both of these statements mean basically the same thing and Paul uses them for emphasis. The word "their" refers to the sun, moon, and stars. Here they are described as human messengers that tell people about God. This refers to how their existence shows God's power and glory. You can make explicit that Paul is quoting Scripture here. AT: "As the Scriptures record, 'The sun, moon, and the stars are proof of God's power and glory, and everyone in the world sees them and knows the truth about God'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/19.md b/rom/10/19.md index 1a7807f321..79dd51a4c6 100644 --- a/rom/10/19.md +++ b/rom/10/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Moreover, I say, "Did Israel not know?" ## +# Moreover, I say, "Did Israel not know?" -Paul uses a question for emphasis. The word "Israel" refers to the people who lived in the nation of Israel. AT: "Again I tell you the people of Israel did know the message." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Paul uses a question for emphasis. The word "Israel" is a metonym for the people who lived in the nation of Israel. AT: "Again I tell you the people of Israel did know the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## First Moses says, "I will provoke you...I will stir you up... ## +# First Moses says, "I will provoke you ... I will stir you up -This means that Moses wrote down what God said. "I" refers to God, and "you" refers to the Israelites. AT: "First Moses says that God will provoke you...God will stir you up...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +This means that Moses wrote down what God said. "I" refers to God, and "you" refers to the Israelites. AT: "First Moses says that God will provoke you ... God will stir you up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -## by what is not a nation ## +# by what is not a nation -AT: "by those you do not consider to be a real nation" (see UDB) or "by people who do not belong to any nation" +"by those you do not consider to be a real nation" or "by people who do not belong to any nation" -## By means of a nation without understanding ## +# By means of a nation without understanding -AT: "by a nation with people that do not know me or my commands" +Here "without understanding" means that the people do not know God. AT: "By a nation with people who do not know me or my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## I will stir you up to anger ## +# I will stir you up to anger -AT: "I will make you angry" +"I will make you angry" or "I will cause you to become angry" -## you ## +# you -This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/20.md b/rom/10/20.md index 9bc8625642..cf45e6eff8 100644 --- a/rom/10/20.md +++ b/rom/10/20.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## And Isaiah is very bold and says ## +# General Information: -This means Isaiah wrote what God had said. +Here the words "I," "me," and "my" refer to God. -## I was found by those who did not seek me ## +# Then Isaiah was very bold when he says -The words "I" and "me" refer to God. This can be translated with an active verb. Also, prophets often speak of things in the future as if they have already happened. This emphasizes that the prophecy will certainly come true. AT: "Even though the Gentile people will not look for me, they will find me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This means the prophet Isaiah wrote what God had said. -## I appeared ## +# I was found by those who did not seek me -AT: "I made myself known" +Prophets often speak of things in the future as if they have already happened. This emphasizes that the prophecy will certainly come true. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Even though the Gentile people will not look for me, they will find me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## he says ## +# I appeared -"He" is God, speaking through Isaiah. +"I made myself known" -## All the day long ## +# he says -This phrase is used to emphasize God's continual effort. AT: "continually" +"He" refers to God, who is speaking through Isaiah. -## I reached out my hands to a disobedient and resistant people ## +# All the day long -AT: "I tried to welcome you and to help you, but you refused my help and continued to disobey" +This phrase is used to emphasize God's continual effort. "continually" -## I...my ## +# I reached out my hands to a disobedient and stubborn people -These words refer to God. \ No newline at end of file +"I tried to welcome you and to help you, but you refused my help and continued to disobey" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/10/intro.md b/rom/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..adcac9a558 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Romans 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 10:8, 18-20, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### God's righteousness ##### + +Paul teaches here that while many Jews were earnest in their beliefs, they did not gain righteousness. God's righteousness cannot be earned, it must be given by Christ through faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Paul uses many rhetorical questions to convince his reader that, because salvation is not restricted to the Hebrew people, Christians must be ready to go and share the gospel with the whole world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "I will provoke you to jealousy by what is not a nation" ##### + +This prophecy explains that one function of the church is to provoke the Hebrew people to jealousy so they would return to worshiping God. This will happen in the future. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/01.md b/rom/11/01.md index 7d96110d6e..3e12fa98bb 100644 --- a/rom/11/01.md +++ b/rom/11/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,43 @@ -## I say then ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "I, Paul, say then" +Though Israel as a nation has rejected God, God wants them to understand salvation comes by grace without works. -## did God reject his people? ## +# I say then -Paul asks this question so that he can answer the questions of other Jews who are upset that the Gentiles have been included in God's people, while the hearts of the Jewish people have been hardened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"I, Paul, say then" -## May it never be ## +# did God reject his people? -"That is not possible!” or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [Romans 9:14](../09/14.md). +Paul asks this question so that he can answer the questions of other Jews who are upset that God has included the Gentiles among his people, while the hearts of the Jewish people have been hardened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## tribe of Benjamin ## +# May it never be -This refers to the tribe descended from Benjamin, one of the 12 tribes God divided the people of Israel into. +"That is not possible!" or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [Romans 9:14](../09/14.md). -## whom he foreknew ## +# tribe of Benjamin -AT: "whom he knew ahead of time" +This refers to the tribe descended from Benjamin, one of the 12 tribes into which God divided the people of Israel. -## Do you not know what the scriptures say about Elijah, how he pleaded with God against Israel? ## +# whom he foreknew -AT: "Surely you know what is written in the scriptures. You remember that Elijah pleaded with God against Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"whom he knew ahead of time" -## what the scriptures say ## +# Do you not know what the scripture says about Elijah, how he pleaded with God against Israel? -Paul is referring to what is written in the scriptures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Surely you know what the Scriptures record about when Elijah pleaded with God against Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## they have killed ## +# what the scripture says -"They" are the people of Israel. +Paul is referring to the Scriptures as if they were able to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## I alone am left ## +# they have killed -The pronoun "I" refers to Elijah. \ No newline at end of file +"They" refers to the people of Israel. + +# I alone am left + +The pronoun "I" here refers to Elijah. + +# seeking my life + +"desiring to kill me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/04.md b/rom/11/04.md index e4df787542..e17bc7e56d 100644 --- a/rom/11/04.md +++ b/rom/11/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## But what does God's answer say to him? ## +# But what does God's answer say to him? -Paul is using this question to bring the reader to his next point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul is using this question to bring the reader to his next point. AT: "How does God answer him?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## what does God's answer say ## - -AT: "How does God answer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## him ## +# him The pronoun "him" refers to Elijah. -## seven thousand men ## +# seven thousand men "7,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## remnant ## +# remnant -Here this means a small part of people who were chosen by God to receive his grace. \ No newline at end of file +Here this means a small part of people whom God chose to receive his grace. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/06.md b/rom/11/06.md index 7bc1c7d816..4a6da7fd84 100644 --- a/rom/11/06.md +++ b/rom/11/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## But if it is by grace ## +# But if it is by grace -Paul is continuing to explain how God's mercy works. AT: "But since God's mercy works by grace" +Paul continues to explain how God's mercy works. AT: "But since God's mercy works by grace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## What then? ## +# What then? -"What should we conclude?" AT: "This is what we need to remember." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"What should we conclude?" Paul asks this question to move his reader to his next point. You can translate this as a statement. AT: "This is what we need to remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## God gave them a spirit of dullness, eyes so that they should not see, and ears so that they should not hear ## +# God has given them a spirit of dullness, eyes so that they should not see, and ears so that they should not hear -This is a metaphor about the fact that they are spiritually dull. They are not able to see or hear spiritual truth. +This is a metaphor about the fact that the people are spiritually dull. They are not able to hear or receive spiritual truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## spirit of ## +# spirit of -Here this means “having the characteristics of,” such as the “spirit of wisdom.” +Here this means "having the characteristics of," such as the "spirit of wisdom." -## eyes so that they should not see ## +# eyes so that they should not see The concept of seeing with one's eyes was considered to be equivalent to gaining understanding. -## ears so that they should not hear ## +# ears so that they should not hear The concept of hearing with the ears was considered to be equivalent to obedience. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/09.md b/rom/11/09.md index 2e0692d60c..309bbdfdb4 100644 --- a/rom/11/09.md +++ b/rom/11/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Let their table be made a net, a trap ## +# Let their table become a net and a trap -"Table" represents feasting, and "net" and "trap" represent punishment. AT: "Please, God, catch and trap them at their feasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"Table" is a metonym that represents feasting, and "net" and "trap" are metaphors that represent punishment. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Please, God, make their feasts like a trap that catches them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## a stumbling block ## +# a stumbling block -AT: "something that makes them sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +A "stumbling block" is anything that causes a person to trip so that he falls down. Here it represents something that tempts a person to sin. AT: "something that tempts them to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and retaliation to them ## +# a retribution for them -AT: "something that allows you to take revenge on them" +"something that allows you to take revenge on them" -## always keep their backs bent ## +# bend their backs continually -David asks God to turn his enemies into slaves who always carry heavy loads on their backs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "bend their back" is a metonym for forcing slaves to carry heavy loads on their backs. This is a metaphor for making them suffer. AT: "make them suffer like people carrying heavy loads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/11.md b/rom/11/11.md index f7498db12a..28a9f3685c 100644 --- a/rom/11/11.md +++ b/rom/11/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Did they stumble so as to fall? ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Has God rejected them forever because they sinned?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +With Israel as a nation rejecting God, Paul warns the Gentiles to be careful they do not make the same mistake. -## May it never be ## +# Did they stumble so as to fall? -"That is not possible!” or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may want have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [Romans 9:14](../09/14.md). +Paul uses this question to add emphasis. AT: "Has God rejected them forever because they sinned?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## provoke...to jealousy ## +# May it never be -Translate this phrase the same way you did in [Romans 10:19](../10/19.md). +"That is not possible!" or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [Romans 9:14](../09/14.md). -## the world ## +# provoke ... to jealousy -Here this means people in the world. \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this phrase in [Romans 10:19](../10/19.md). + +# if their failure is the riches of the world, and if their loss is the riches of the Gentiles + +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. If you need to, you can combine them in your translation. AT: "when the Jews failed spiritually, the result was that God abundantly blessed the non-Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the riches of the world + +Because the Jews rejected Christ, God richly blessed the Gentiles by giving them the opportunity to receive Christ. + +# the world + +Here the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who live in the world, especially the Gentiles. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/13.md b/rom/11/13.md index ef596bcde3..ab3b6f663d 100644 --- a/rom/11/13.md +++ b/rom/11/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## provoke to jealousy ## +# provoke to jealousy -Translate this phrase the same way you did in [Romans 10:19](../10/19.md). \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this phrase in [Romans 10:19](../10/19.md). + +# those who are of my own flesh + +This refers to "my fellow Jews." + +# Perhaps we will save some of them + +God will save those who believe. AT: "Perhaps some will believe and God will save them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/15.md b/rom/11/15.md index 8b70d82a97..1d14f5351e 100644 --- a/rom/11/15.md +++ b/rom/11/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## those ## +# For if their rejection means the reconciliation of the world -This pronoun refers to Jewish unbelievers. +"For if because God rejected them, he will reconcile the rest of the world to himself" -## the world ## +# their rejection -Here this means people in the world. +The pronoun "their" refers to Jewish unbelievers. -## what will their reception be but life from the dead? ## +# the world -AT: "So then, how will God receive them when they believe in Christ? It will be like they have come back to life from the dead!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "the world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. AT: "the people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## If the firstfruit is holy, so is the lump of dough. ## +# what will their acceptance be but life from the dead ones? -Paul is comparing Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the Israelites' ancestors, to the first grain to be harvested, and the Israelites who are descendants of those men to dough made from grain harvested later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul asks this question to emphasize that when God accepts the Jews, it will be a wonderful thing. You can translate it in an active form. AT: "how will it be when God accepts them? It will be like they have come back to life from the dead ones!" or "then when God accepts them, it will be like they have died and become alive again!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## If the root is holy, so are the branches ## +# If the firstfruits are reserved, so is the lump of dough -Paul is comparing Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the Israelites' ancestors, to the root of a tree, and the Israelites who are descendants of those men to the tree's branches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul is speaking of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the Israelites' ancestors, as if they were the first grain or "firstfruits" to be harvested. He is also speaking of the Israelites who are descendants of those men as if they were a "lump of dough" that they made from the grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## holy ## +# If the root is reserved, so are the branches -People who are holy belong to God and have been set apart for the purpose of serving God and bringing him glory. \ No newline at end of file +Paul is speaking of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the Israelites' ancestors, as if they were the root of a tree, and the Israelites who are descendants of those men, as if they were the tree's "branches." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# reserved + +The people always dedicated to God the first crops that they harvested. Here "firstfruits" stands for the first people to believe in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/17.md b/rom/11/17.md index 762029b7f8..754072d1de 100644 --- a/rom/11/17.md +++ b/rom/11/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Paul is speaking to the Gentile believers as though they are one person. +# if you, a wild olive branch -## and you, a wild olive branch ## +The pronoun "you," and the phrase "a wild olive branch," refer to the Gentile people who have accepted salvation through Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The pronoun "you," and the phrase "a wild olive branch," refer to the Gentile people who have accepted salvation through Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +# But if some of the branches were broken off -## were grafted in among them ## +Here Paul refers to the Jews who rejected Jesus as "broken branches." You can translate this in an active form. AT: "But if someone broke off some of the branches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "were attached to the tree among the remaining branches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# were grafted in among them -## the rich root of the olive tree ## +Here Paul speaks of the Gentile Christians as if they were "grafted branches." You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God attached you to the tree among the remaining branches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This refers to the promises of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# the rich root of the olive tree -## do not boast over the branches ## +Here "the rich root" is a metaphor that refers to the promises of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "do not say you are better than the Jewish people God has rejected" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# do not boast over the branches -## it is not you who supports the root, but the root that supports you ## +Here "the branches" is a metaphor that stands for the Jewish people. AT: "do not say you are better than the Jewish people God has rejected" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "you are blessed because of God; God is not blessed because of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# it is not you who supports the root, but the root that supports you + +Again Paul implies that the Gentile believers are branches. God saves them only because of the covenant promises that he made to the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/19.md b/rom/11/19.md index b7dcf2f65c..d3384a8dae 100644 --- a/rom/11/19.md +++ b/rom/11/19.md @@ -1,33 +1,19 @@ -Paul is speaking to the Gentile believers as though they are one person. +# Branches were broken off -## branches were broken off ## +Here "branches" refers to the Jews who rejected Jesus and whom God has now rejected. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God broke branches off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "God broke branches off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# I might be grafted in -## branches ## +Paul uses this phrase to refer to the Gentile believers whom God has accepted. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "he might attach me in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This phrase is used to refer to the Jewish people who have been rejected by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## I might be grafted in ## - -This phrase is used to refer to the Gentile believers who have been accepted by God. AT: "he might attach me in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## they were broken off ## - -AT: "he broke them off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## their…they ## +# their ... they The pronouns "their" and "they" refer to the Jewish people who did not believe. -## but you stand by your faith ## +# but you stand firm because of your faith -AT: "but you remain because of your faith" +Paul speaks of the Gentile believers remaining faithful as if they were standing firm and no one could move them. AT: "but you remain because of your faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## For if God did not spare the natural branches, neither will he spare you ## +# For if God did not spare the natural branches, neither will he spare you -AT: "For if God did not excuse the natural branches, neither will he excuse you" - -## natural branches ## - -This phrase refers to the Jewish people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the "natural branches" refers to the Jewish people who rejected Jesus. AT: "Since God did not spare those unbelieving Jews, who grew up like a tree's natural branches that came from the root, then know, if you do not believe, he will not spare you either (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/22.md b/rom/11/22.md index 95a50fdf6e..708d518782 100644 --- a/rom/11/22.md +++ b/rom/11/22.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -Paul is speaking to the Gentile believers as though they are one person. - -## the kind actions and the severity of God ## +# the kind actions and the severity of God Paul is reminding the Gentile believers that although God may act very kindly toward them, he will not hesitate to judge and punish them. -## Otherwise you also will be cut off ## +# severity came on the Jews who fell ... God's kindness comes on you -AT: "Otherwise God will cut you off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "severity" and "kindness." AT: "God dealt harshly with the Jews who fell ... but God acts kindly toward you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the Jews who fell + +Doing what is wrong is spoken of as if it is falling down. AT: "the Jews who have done wrong" or "the Jews who have refused to trust in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# if you continue in his kindness + +This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "kindness." AT: "if you continue doing what is right so that he continues being kind to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Otherwise you also will be cut off + +Paul again uses the metaphor of a branch, which God can "cut off" if he needs to. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Otherwise God will cut you off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/23.md b/rom/11/23.md index ec038ce85c..0e5f378735 100644 --- a/rom/11/23.md +++ b/rom/11/23.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -Paul is speaking to the Gentile believers as though they are one person. +# if they do not continue in their unbelief -## if they do not continue in their unbelief ## +The phrase "do not continue in their unbelief" is a double negative. You can translate this in a positive form. AT: "if the Jews start believing in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -AT: "If the Jews start believing in Christ" +# will be grafted in -## they will be grafted back in ## +Paul speaks of the Jews as if they were branches that could be grafted back into a tree if they start to believe in Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will graft them back in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "God will graft them back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# graft -## graft ## +This is a common process where the end of a live branch of one tree is inserted into another tree so that the new branch will continue to grow in that tree. -This is a common process where the end of a live branch of one tree is inserted into another tree so that it will continue to grow in that new tree. +# For if you were cut out of what is by nature a wild olive tree, and contrary to nature were grafted into a good olive tree, how much more will these Jews, who are the natural branches, be grafted back into their own olive tree? -## For if you were cut out of what is by nature a wild olive tree, and contrary to nature were grafted into a good olive tree, how much more will these Jews, who are the natural branches, be grafted back into their own olive tree? ## +Paul continues speaking of the Gentile believers and Jews as if they were branches of a tree. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "For if God had cut you out of what is by nature a wild olive tree, and contrary to nature had grafted you into a good olive tree, how much more will he graft these Jews, who are the natural branches, into their own olive tree?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "For if God had cut you out of what is by nature a wild olive tree, and contrary to nature had grafted you into a good olive tree, how much more will he graft these Jews, who are the natural branches, into their own olive tree?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# branches -## branches ## +Paul is speaking of the Jews and Gentiles as if they were branches. The "natural branches" represent the Jews, and the "grafted branches" represent the Gentile believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Paul is comparing members of the people of God to branches on a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# they ... them -## they…them ## - -All occurrences of they or them refer to the Jews. \ No newline at end of file +All occurrences of "they" or "them" refer to the Jews. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/25.md b/rom/11/25.md index 3b85ee9061..c733423777 100644 --- a/rom/11/25.md +++ b/rom/11/25.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## I ## +# I do not want you to be uninformed + +Here Paul uses a double negative. You can translate this in a positive form. AT: "I very much want you to be aware" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# brothers + +Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# I The pronoun "I" refers to Paul. -## you…you…your ## +# you ... you ... your The pronouns "you" and "your" refer to the Gentile believers. -## in order that you will not be wise in your own thinking ## +# in order that you will not be wise in your own thinking -The Gentile believers may believe they are wiser than the Jewish unbelievers. AT: "so that you will not think you are wiser than you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Paul does not want the Gentile believers to think they are wiser than the Jewish unbelievers. AT: "so that you will not think you are wiser than you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## a partial hardening has occurred in Israel ## +# a partial hardening has occurred in Israel -Some Jews have refused to accept salvation through Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of "hardening" or stubbornness as if it were a hardening of physical organs in the body. Some Jews have refused to accept salvation through Jesus. AT: "many people of Israel continue to be stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## until the completion of the Gentiles come in ## +# until the completion of the Gentiles come in -The word "until" here implies that many Jews will believe after God has finished bringing the Gentiles into the church. \ No newline at end of file +The word "until" here implies that some Jews will believe after God has finished bringing the Gentiles into the church. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/26.md b/rom/11/26.md index eb1dd05d46..d233baf7c7 100644 --- a/rom/11/26.md +++ b/rom/11/26.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## Thus all Israel will be saved ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Thus God will save all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Paul says that a deliverer will come out of Israel to the glory of God. -## all Israel will be saved ## +# Thus all Israel will be saved -This is an exaggeration: many Jews will be saved. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Thus God will save all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# just as it is written + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "just as the scriptures record" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Out of Zion + +Here "Zion" is used as a metonym for the place where God dwells. AT: "From where God is among the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the Deliverer + +"the one who sets his people free" + +# He will remove ungodliness + +Paul speaks of ungodliness as if it were an object that someone could remove, perhaps like someone removes a garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from Jacob + +Here "Jacob" is used as a metonym for Israel. AT: "from the Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will take away their sins + +Here Paul speaks of sins as if they were objects that someone could take away. AT: "I will remove the burden of their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/28.md b/rom/11/28.md index 6faaa2a27a..de86ce02ac 100644 --- a/rom/11/28.md +++ b/rom/11/28.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## On the one hand...on the other hand ## +# On the one hand ... On the other hand -This is a pair of phrases used to compare two different facts about a subject. Paul uses these phrases to explain that God has rejected the Jews, but he also still loves them. +This is a pair of phrases used to compare two different facts about a subject. Paul uses these phrases to explain that God has rejected the Jews, but he also still loves them. -## they are hated because of you ## +# concerning the gospel + +You can make explicit that God treated the Jews as enemies because they rejected Jesus. AT: "because the Jews rejected the good news about Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# they are enemies on your behalf God's love for the Gentiles was so great that his love for the Jews seemed like hatred in comparison. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## they are hated ## +# they are beloved because of the ancestors -AT: "God hates the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God still loves them because of what he promised to do for their ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For the gifts and the call of God are unchangeable ## +# For the gifts and the call of God are unchangeable -AT: "Because the gifts and the call of God cannot change" \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of the spiritual and material blessings that God promised to give his people as if they were gifts. The call of God refers to the fact that God called the Jews to be his people. AT: "For God never changed his mind about what he has promised to give them, and about how he has called them to be his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/30.md b/rom/11/30.md index 2e7a9c2054..4bcd8a3851 100644 --- a/rom/11/30.md +++ b/rom/11/30.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## you were formerly disobedient ## +# you were formerly disobedient -AT: "you did not obey in the past" +"you did not obey in the past" -## you ## +# you have received mercy because of their disobedience -This refers to Gentile believers, and is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +Here mercy means God's undeserved blessings. AT: "because the Jews have rejected Jesus, you have received blessings that you did not deserve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## God has shut up all into disobedience ## +# you -This can also mean that God has made everyone unable to stop disobeying him, like prisoners unable to escape prison. AT: "God has made everyone prisoners of their disobedience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Gentile believers, and is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# God has shut up all into disobedience + +God has treated people who disobey him like prisoners who are unable to escape from prison. AT: "God has made prisoners of those who disobey him. Now they cannot stop disobeying God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/33.md b/rom/11/33.md index ca038448c1..97bd551d82 100644 --- a/rom/11/33.md +++ b/rom/11/33.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Oh, the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God ## +# Oh, the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God! -AT: "How amazing are the many benefits of both God's wisdom and knowledge" +Here "wisdom" and "knowledge" mean basically the same thing. AT: "How amazing are the many benefits of both God's wisdom and knowledge!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## How unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways beyond discovering ## +# How unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways beyond discovering -AT: "We are completely unable to understand the things that he has decided and find out the ways in which he acts toward us" \ No newline at end of file +"We are completely unable to understand the things that he has decided and find out the ways in which he acts toward us" + +# For who has known the mind of the Lord or who has become his advisor? + +Paul uses this question to emphasize that no one is as wise as the Lord. You can translate this as a statement. AT: "No one has ever known the mind of the Lord, and no one has become his advisor." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the mind of the Lord + +Here "mind" is a metonym for knowing things or thinking about things. AT: "all that the Lord knows" or "what the Lord thinks about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/35.md b/rom/11/35.md index f8183fe4c4..520f2807da 100644 --- a/rom/11/35.md +++ b/rom/11/35.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## him ## +# Or who has first given anything to God, that God must repay him?" -The pronoun "him" in 11:35 refers to the person who gives to God. +Paul uses this question to emphasize his point. AT: "No one has ever given anything to God that he did not first receive from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) * **For from him ... through him ... to him** - Here, all occurrences of "him" refers to God. -## so it will be paid back to him ## +# To him be the glory forever -AT: "so God will pay it back to him" - -## him ## - -All occurrences of "him" in 11:36 refers to God. \ No newline at end of file +This expresses Paul's desire for all people to honor God. You can make this explicit in your translation. AT: "May all people honor him forever!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/11/intro.md b/rom/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..91623ee78a --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Romans 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 11:9-10, 26-27, 34-35, which are quotations from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Engrafting ##### +Paul uses the image of "engrafting" to refer to the place of the Gentiles and Jews in the plans of God. Grafting is the process whereby one plant is permanently made to be a part of another plant. While the Gentiles are grafted into the plans of God as a wild branch and partake of some blessings, the Jews remain the major focus of God's plans in the history of the world. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Did God reject his people? May it never be" ##### + +Whether Israel (the physical descendants of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob) has a future in the plans of God, or if they have been replaced in the plans of God by the church, is a major theological issue in chapters 9-11. This phrase is an important part of this section of Romans. It seems to indicate that Israel remains distinct from the church. Not all scholars arrive at this conclusion. Despite their current rejection of Jesus as their Messiah, Israel has not exhausted the grace and mercy of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/01.md b/rom/12/01.md index 973135232a..dff1c7d8bb 100644 --- a/rom/12/01.md +++ b/rom/12/01.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## I urge you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Fellow believers, because of the great mercy that God has given you I very much want you" +Paul tells what the life of a believer should be and how believers should serve. -## to present your bodies a living sacrifice ## +# I urge you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God -Here Paul uses the word "bodies" to refer to the whole person. Paul is comparing a believer in Christ who completely obeys God to the animals that the Jews killed and then offered to God. AT: "offer yourselves completely to God while you are alive as if you were a dead sacrifice on a temple altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "brothers" refers to fellow believers, both male and female. AT: "Fellow believers, because of the great mercy that God has given you I very much want you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## holy, acceptable to God ## +# to present your bodies a living sacrifice -Possible meanings are 1) "a sacrifice that you give to God alone and that pleases him" (UDB) or 2) "acceptable to God because it is morally pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here Paul uses the word "bodies" to refer to the whole person. Paul is comparing a believer in Christ who completely obeys God to the animals that the Jews killed and then offered to God. AT: "to offer yourselves completely to God while you are alive as if you were a dead sacrifice on a temple altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## which is your spiritual service ## +# holy, acceptable to God -Possible meanings are 1) "which is the the right way to think about worshiping God" or 2) "which is how you worship God in your spirit." +Possible meanings are 1) "a sacrifice that you give to God alone and that pleases him" or 2) "acceptable to God because it is morally pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## Do not be conformed to this world ## +# This is your reasonable service -Possible meanings are 1) "Do not behave as the world behaves" (see UDB) or 2) "Do not think the way the world does." +"This is the right way to worship God" -## Do not be conformed ## +# Do not be conformed to this world -This can mean 1) "Do not let the world tell you what to do" or "Do not...what to think" (see UDB) or 2) "Do not allow yourself to act as the world does" or "Do not...to think...does." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "Do not behave as the world behaves" or 2) "Do not think the way the world does." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## this world ## +# Do not be conformed -This refers to unbelievers, who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "Do not let the world tell you what to do and think" or 2) "Do not allow yourself to act and do what the world does." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## but be transformed by the renewal of your mind ## +# this world -AT: "but let God change the way you think" or "but let God change the way you behave by first changing the way you think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This refers to unbelievers who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## perfect ## +# but be transformed by the renewal of your mind -Here this means being “complete” or “whole.” \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "but let God change the way you think and behave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/03.md b/rom/12/03.md index 7591537f82..d6cbc4e608 100644 --- a/rom/12/03.md +++ b/rom/12/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## because of the grace that was given to me ## +# because of the grace that was given to me -Here "grace" refers to God choosing Paul to be an apostle and leader of the church. AT: "because God freely chose me to be an apostle" +Here "grace" refers to God's choosing Paul to be an apostle and leader of the church. You can make this explicit in your translation. You can also translate this in an active form. AT: "because God freely chose me to be an apostle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that everyone who is among you should not think more highly of oneself than he ought to think ## +# that everyone who is among you should not think more highly of themselves than they ought to think -AT: "that no one should think they are better than other people" +"that no one among you should think they are better than other people" -## but to think so as to think wisely ## +# Instead, they should think in a wise way -This could be translated as a new sentence: "But you should be wise in how you think about yourselves" +"But you should be wise in how you think about yourselves" -## just as God has given out to each one a measure of faith ## +# just as God has given out to each one a certain amount of faith -AT: "since God has given you the amount of faith you need to think correctly" \ No newline at end of file +Paul implies here that believers have different abilities that correspond to their faith in God. AT: "since God has given each of you different abilities because of your trust in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/04.md b/rom/12/04.md index 500fe352da..e34f7122c5 100644 --- a/rom/12/04.md +++ b/rom/12/04.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## For ## +# For -Paul is explaining why Christians should not think they are better than other people. +Paul uses this word to show that he will now explain why some Christians should not think they are better than others. -## just as we have many members in one body ## +# we have many members in one body -Paul compares all the believers in Christ to the different parts of the body. This emphasizes that although believers may serve Christ in different ways, each person belongs to Christ and serves in an important way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul refers to all the believers in Christ as if they were different parts of the human body. He does this to illustrate that although believers may serve Christ in different ways, each person belongs to Christ and serves in an important way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## members ## +# members These are such things as eyes, stomachs, and hands. -## individually members of each other ## +# are individually members of each other -AT: "each believer is a member of every other believer's body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AT: "and each believer is joined together with all other believers" \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of the believers as if God had physically joined them together like the parts of the human body. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God has joined each believer together with all other believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/06.md b/rom/12/06.md index 2575a661fa..4d3779d077 100644 --- a/rom/12/06.md +++ b/rom/12/06.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## We have different gifts according to the grace that was given to us ## +# We have different gifts according to the grace that was given to us -AT: "God has freely given each us the ability to do different things for him" +Paul speaks of believers' different abilities as being free gifts from God. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God has freely given each of us the ability to do different things for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## let it be done according to the proportion of his faith ## +# let it be done according to the proportion of his faith Possible meanings are 1) "let him speak prophecies that do not go beyond the amount of faith God has given us" or 2) "let him speak prophecies that agree with the teachings of our faith." -## if one's gift is giving ## +# If one's gift is giving -The meaning can be made explicit. AT: "if one has the gift of giving money or other goods to people in need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "giving" refers to giving money and other things to people. You can make this meaning explicit in your translation. AT: "If one has the gift of giving money or other goods to people in need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/09.md b/rom/12/09.md index ae1d8da7b8..64b85522ac 100644 --- a/rom/12/09.md +++ b/rom/12/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Let love be without hypocrisy ## +# Let love be without hypocrisy -AT: "Let love be sincere" or "Let love be true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "You must love people sincerely and truly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## love ## +# love -Here this word means the kind of love that comes from God and is focused on the good of others, even when it doesn't benefit oneself. +The word Paul uses here refers to the kind of love that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. -## Concerning love of the brothers, be affectionate ## +# Concerning love of the brothers, be affectionate -Paul begins a list of nine items, each of the form "Concerning..., be...," to tell the believers what kind of people they should be. You may need to translate some of the items as "Concerning..., do...." The list goes to [Romans 12:11](./11.md). +Here Paul begins a list of nine items, each of the form "Concerning ... be" to tell the believers what kind of people they should be. You may need to translate some of the items as "Concerning ... do." The list continues to [Romans 12:13](./11.md). -## Concerning love of the brothers ## +# Concerning love of the brothers -AT: "As for how you love your fellow believers" +"As for how you love your fellow believers" -## love ## +# love -is another word that means brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives. +This is another word that means brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives. -## be affectionate ## +# be affectionate -AT: "be loyal," as family members. +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "show affection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## concerning honor, respect one another ## +# Concerning honor, respect one another -AT: "honor and respect one another" or, using a new sentence, "As for how you honor your fellow believers, respect them" \ No newline at end of file +"Honor and respect one another" or "Honor your fellow believers by respecting them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/11.md b/rom/12/11.md index 974673ae30..6d591c373c 100644 --- a/rom/12/11.md +++ b/rom/12/11.md @@ -1,25 +1,19 @@ -Paul continues to tell the believers what kind of people they should be. This list began in [Romans 12:9](./09.md). +# Concerning diligence, do not be hesitant. Concerning the spirit, be eager. Concerning the Lord, serve him -## Concerning diligence, do not be hesitant; concerning the spirit, be eager; concerning the Lord, serve him. ## +"Do not be lazy in your duty, but be eager to follow the Spirit and to serve the Lord" -AT: "Do not be lazy in your duty, but be eager to follow the Spirit and to serve the Lord" +# Rejoice in the confidence you have about the future -## In your confidence, rejoice ## +Paul implies here that the believers can be confident that God will help them. AT: "Be happy because you are confident that God will always help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "Be happy because your confidence is in God" +# Be patient in your troubles -## in your troubles, be patient ## +"Wait patiently whenever you have troubles" -This can be translated as a new sentence: "Be patient when difficult times come" +# Share in the needs of the believers -## in prayer, be constant ## +This is the last item in the list that began in [Romans 12:9](./09.md). "When fellow Christians are in trouble, help them with what they need" -This can be translated as a new sentence: "And remember to constantly pray" +# Find many ways to show hospitality -## Share in the needs of the saints ## - -This is the last item in the list that began in [Romans 12:9](./09.md). "Concerning the needs of the saints, share with them" or "As for…" or "When fellow Christians are in trouble, help them with what they need." - -## give yourselves to hospitality ## - -AT: "always welcome them into your home when they need somewhere to stay" \ No newline at end of file +"Always welcome them into your home when they need a place to stay" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/14.md b/rom/12/14.md index 47954bbc72..12c127746e 100644 --- a/rom/12/14.md +++ b/rom/12/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Be of the same mind toward one another ## +# Be of the same mind toward one another -AT: "Agree with one another" or "Live in unity with each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom that means to live in unity. AT: "Agree with one another" or "Live in unity with each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Do not think in proud ways ## +# Do not think in proud ways -AT: "Do not think that you are more important than others" +"Do not think that you are more important than others" -## accept lowly people ## +# accept lowly people -AT: "welcome people who do not seem important" +"welcome people who do not seem important" -## Do not be wise in your own thoughts ## +# Do not be wise in your own thoughts -AT: "Do not think of yourselves as having more wisdom than everyone else" \ No newline at end of file +"Do not think of yourselves as having more wisdom than everyone else" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/17.md b/rom/12/17.md index ff1b6e86aa..855c70aae0 100644 --- a/rom/12/17.md +++ b/rom/12/17.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ -[Romans 12:19](./19.md). +# Repay no one evil for evil -## Repay no one evil for evil ## +"Do not do evil things to someone who has done evil things to you" -AT: "Do not do evil things to someone who has done evil things to you" +# Do good things in the sight of all people -## Do good things in the sight of all people ## +"Do things that everyone considers to be good" -AT: "Do things that everyone considers to be good" +# as far as it depends on you, live at peace with all people -## as much as it lies with you, be at peace with all people ## - -AT: "do whatever you can to live in peace with everyone" - -## as much as it lies with you ## - -AT: "as for what you can control and are responsible for" \ No newline at end of file +"do whatever you can to live in peace with everyone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/19.md b/rom/12/19.md index 82b9494889..36a197df44 100644 --- a/rom/12/19.md +++ b/rom/12/19.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -Paul continues to tell the believers how to deal with those who do evil to them. This section began in [Romans 12:17](./17.md). +# give way to the wrath of God -## Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay ## +Here "wrath" is a metonym for God's punishment. AT: "allow God to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# For it is written + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "For someone has written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that God will avenge his people. AT: "I will certainly avenge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## your enemy...feed him...give him a drink...if you do this, you will heap....Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil ## +# your enemy ... feed him ... give him a drink ... if you do this, you will heap ... Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil All forms of "you" and "your" are addressed as to one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## But if your enemy is hungry...his head ## +# But if your enemy is hungry ... his head -In 12:20 Paul quotes another part of Scripture. AT: "But it is also written, 'If your enemy is hungry...his head'" +In 12:20 Paul quotes another part of Scripture. AT: "But the Scripture also says, 'If your enemy is hungry ... his head'" -## feed him ## +# feed him -AT: "give him some food" +"give him some food" -## heap coals of fire on his head ## +# heap coals of fire on his head -Paul compares the punishment that the enemies will receive to hot coals being poured on their heads. Possible meanings are 1) "make the person who harmed you feel badly about how he has mistreated you" or 2) "give God a reason to judge your enemy more harshly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of the blessings that the enemies will receive as if someone were pouring hot coals on their heads. Possible meanings are 1) "make the person who harmed you feel badly about how he has mistreated you" or 2) "give God a reason to judge your enemy more harshly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good ## +# Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good -Paul describes "evil" as though it is a living being. AT: "Do not let those who are evil defeat you, but defeat those who are evil by doing what is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul describes "evil" as though it were a person. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Do not let those who are evil defeat you, but defeat those who are evil by doing what is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/12/intro.md b/rom/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..49da353de1 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Romans 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:20, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +Many scholars believe Paul uses the word "therefore" in [Romans 12:1](./01.md) to refer to all of chapters 1-11. Having given such a great explanation of the Christian doctrine, Paul is now going on to say "therefore, in light of these doctrinal truths, go and live this way." The remainder of Romans focuses on living out one's Christian faith. Paul uses many different commands in this section to give these practical instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Christian living ##### +Under the law of Moses, people were required to offer sacrifices of animals or grain in the temple; now Christians are required to live their lives as a type of sacrifice to God. Physical sacrifices are no longer required. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Body of Christ ##### +The body of Christ is an important metaphor or image used in Scripture to refer to the church. Its significance lies in the fact that each member of the church plays a unique and important function. Christians need each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/body]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/13/01.md b/rom/13/01.md index 3c54d26113..70192e4ae0 100644 --- a/rom/13/01.md +++ b/rom/13/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Let every soul be obedient to ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Every Christian should obey" (see UDB) or "Everyone should obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Paul tells believers how to live under their rulers. -## higher authorities ## +# Let every soul be obedient to -AT: "government officials" +Here "soul" is a synecdoche for the whole person. "Every Christian should obey" or "Everyone should obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## for ## +# higher authorities -AT: "because" +"government officials" -## the ones that exist have been appointed by God ## +# for -AT: "the people who are in authority are there because God put them there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"because" -## that authority ## +# there is no authority unless it comes from God -AT: "that government authority" +"all authority comes from God" -## those who oppose it ## +# The authorities that exist have been appointed by God -AT: "those who oppose government authority" \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "And the people who are in authority are there because God put them there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# that authority + +"that government authority" or "the authority that God placed in power" + +# those who oppose it will receive judgment on themselves + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will judge those who oppose government authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/13/03.md b/rom/13/03.md index c8a410ff7d..26da26c69f 100644 --- a/rom/13/03.md +++ b/rom/13/03.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ -## For ## +# For -Paul explains [Romans 13:1](./01.md) and what will result if the government condemns a person. +Paul uses this word to begin his explanation of [Romans 13:2](./01.md) and to tell about what will result if the government condemns a person. -## rulers are not a terror ## +# rulers are not a terror Rulers do not make good people afraid. -## to good deeds…to evil deeds ## +# to good deeds ... to evil deeds -People are identified with their "good deeds" or "evil deeds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +People are identified with their "good deeds" or "evil deeds." -## Do you desire to be unafraid of authority? ## +# Do you desire to be unafraid of the one in authority? -AT: "Let me tell you how you can be unafraid of the government" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses this question to get people to think about what they need to do in order not to be afraid of rulers. AT: "Let me tell you how you can be unafraid of the ruler." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## you will have praise from it ## +# you will receive his approval The government will say good things about people who do what is good. -## he does not carry the sword for no reason ## +# he does not carry the sword for no reason -AT: "he has the power to punish people, and he will punish people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +You can translate this in a positive form. AT: "he carries the sword for a very good reason" or "he has the power to punish people, and he will punish people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## carry the sword ## +# carry the sword Roman governors carried a short sword as a symbol of their authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## an avenger for wrath ## +# an avenger for wrath -AT: "a person who punishes people as an expression of the government's anger against evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +Here "wrath" represents the punishment people receive when they do evil deeds. AT: "a person who punishes people as an expression of the government's anger against evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## not only because of the wrath, but also because of conscience ## +# not only because of the wrath, but also because of conscience -AT: "not only so the government will not punish you, but also so you will have a clear conscience before God" \ No newline at end of file +"not only so the government will not punish you, but also so you will have a clear conscience before God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/13/06.md b/rom/13/06.md index 0d79d00b2d..d58f6926f6 100644 --- a/rom/13/06.md +++ b/rom/13/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## Because of this ## +# Because of this -AT: "Because the government punishes evildoers" +"Because the government punishes evildoers" -## you....Pay to everyone ## +# you ... Pay to everyone Paul is addressing the believers here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## For ## +# For -AT: "This is why you should pay taxes:" +"This is why you should pay taxes:" -## attend to ## +# attend to -AT: "administer" or "work on" +"administer" or "work on" -## toll ## +# Tax to whom tax is due, toll to whom toll is due; fear to whom fear is due, honor to whom honor is due. -This refers to customs duty. \ No newline at end of file +The word "Pay" is understood from the previous sentence. AT: "Pay tax to whom tax is due and toll to whom toll is due. Pay fear to whom fear is due and honor to him to whom honor is due" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# fear to whom fear is due, honor to whom honor is due + +Here paying fear and honor is a metaphor for fearing and honoring those who deserve to be feared and honored. AT: "Fear those who deserve to be feared, and honor those who deserved to be honored" or "Respect those whom you ought to respect, and honor those whom you ought to honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# toll + +This is a kind of tax. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/13/08.md b/rom/13/08.md index 0185fb77e2..1ad24ec36f 100644 --- a/rom/13/08.md +++ b/rom/13/08.md @@ -1,35 +1,27 @@ -## Owe no one anything ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "Pay all you owe to the government and everybody else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) +Paul tells believers how to act toward neighbors. -## owe ## +# Owe no one anything, except to love one another + +This is a double negative. You can translate it in a positive form. AT: "Pay all you owe to everyone, and love one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# Owe This verb is plural and applies to all the Roman Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## except ## +# except to love one another -New sentence: “Loving other Christians is the one debt that you may continue to owe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +This is the one debt that can remain as shown in the note above. -## love ## +# love -Here and through verse 10 it means the kind of love that comes from God that is focused on the good of others, even when it doesn't benefit oneself. +This refers to the kind of love that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. -## For, "You will not…" ## +# covet -Paul will now show how love fulfills the Law of God. +to desire to have or possess something that another person possesses. -## You will ## +# Love does not harm one's neighbor -All occurrences of "you" in 13:9 are singular, but the speaker was addressing a group of people as if they were one person, so you may need to use plural forms here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) - -## covet ## - -"Covet" means to desire to have or possess something which a person does not have and is kept from having or possessing. - -## Love does not harm ## - -This phrase portrays love as a person who is being kind to other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) AT: "People who love their neighbors do not harm them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## Therefore ## - -AT: "Because love does not harm one's neighbor" \ No newline at end of file +This phrase portrays love as a person who is being kind to other people. AT: "People who love their neighbors do not harm them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/13/11.md b/rom/13/11.md index 58ef321804..b9a5b605ac 100644 --- a/rom/13/11.md +++ b/rom/13/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## The night has advanced ## +# you know the time, that it is already time for you to awake out of sleep -AT: "the present sinful time is almost over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of the need for the Roman believers to change their behavior as if they needed to wake up from being asleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the day has come near ## +# The night has advanced -AT: "Christ will return soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of the time when the people did evil deeds as night. AT: "The present sinful time is almost over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## works of darkness ## +# the day has come near -These are wicked deeds which people prefer to do at night, when no one can see them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Paul speaks of the time when people stop doing evil deeds as the day. AT: "Christ will return soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## let us put on the armor of light ## +# works of darkness -AT: "we should allow God to protect us by doing only those deeds we want people to see us doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are wicked deeds which people prefer to do at night, when it is dark and no one can see them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let us put on the armor of light + +Paul speaks of doing things to resist Satan as if the people were putting on armor in preparation for battle. AT: "we should allow God to protect us by doing only those deeds we want people to see us doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/13/13.md b/rom/13/13.md index 39fda489f4..538c6641af 100644 --- a/rom/13/13.md +++ b/rom/13/13.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## Let us ## +# Let us Paul includes his readers and other believers with himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## as in the day ## +# Let us walk appropriately, as in the day -AT: “in a visible way” or "knowing that everyone can see us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of living as true believers as if one were walking while it is day. AT: "Let us walk in a visible way knowing that everyone can see us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## strife ## +# in sexual immorality or in uncontrolled lust + +These concepts mean basically the same thing. You can combine them in your translation. AT: "sexually immoral acts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# strife This refers to plotting against and arguing with other people. -## jealousy ## +# jealousy This refers to negative feelings against another person's success or advantage over others. -## put on the Lord Jesus Christ ## +# put on the Lord Jesus Christ -This means to accept the moral nature of Christ as if he were our outer clothing that people can see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])​ +Paul speaks of accepting the moral nature of Christ as if he were our outer clothing that people can see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## put on ## +# put on If your language has a plural form for commands, use it here. -## make no provision for the flesh ## +# make no provision for the flesh -AT: "don’t allow your old evil heart any opportunity at all for doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## flesh ## - -Here this means the sinful nature of human beings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the "flesh" refers to the self-directed nature of people who oppose God. This is the sinful nature of human beings. AT: "do not allow your old evil heart any opportunity at all for doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/13/intro.md b/rom/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bbea179246 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Romans 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +In Judaism, there was a close and intended connection between the government and the religion of the people of Israel. Christianity does not usually have this same connection and makes no provision for it. Paul felt that it was important to instruct Christians how to live under an ungodly ruler. This is the focus of the first part of this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/ungodly]]). + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Ungodly rulers ##### +Some of the concepts about ungodly rulers in this chapter may be difficult to understand, especially in cultures where the church is persecuted by the government. Christians must obey both God and their rulers. Some times rulers can be disobeyed but there are times when a believer must submit to these ruler and suffer at their hands. This is because the Christian understands that this world is temporary and they will ultimately spend eternity with God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]). + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Flesh ##### + +This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful and it appears Paul is teaching that while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort, but his new nature will be fighting against his old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/01.md b/rom/14/01.md index bad5d7da39..73c829544e 100644 --- a/rom/14/01.md +++ b/rom/14/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Paul continues instructing the believers on right living. +# Connecting Statement: -## weak in faith ## +Paul encourages believers to remember that they are answerable to God. + +# weak in faith This refers to those who felt guilty over eating and drinking certain things. -## yet not giving judgment about such questions ## +# without giving judgment about arguments -AT: "but not so that you can argue with them about it" +"and do not condemn them for their opinions" -## On the one hand, one person has faith to eat anything, but on the other hand ## +# One person has faith to eat anything -The phrases “on the one hand” and “on the other hand” introduce two different ways of thinking about something. AT: "One person has faith to eat anything, but" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "faith" refers to doing what a person believes God is telling him to do. + +# another who is weak eats only vegetables + +This describes a person who believes God does not want him to eat meat. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/03.md b/rom/14/03.md index 432330e637..9181d6c383 100644 --- a/rom/14/03.md +++ b/rom/14/03.md @@ -1,17 +1,15 @@ -Paul continues instructing the believers on right living. +# Who are you, you who judge a servant belonging to someone else? -## Who are you, you who judge a servant belonging to another? ## +Paul is using a question to scold those who are judging others. You can translate this as a statement. AT: "You are not God, and you are not allowed to judge one of his servants!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -Paul is using a question to scold those who are judging others. AT: "You are not God, and you are not allowed to judge one of his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# you, you -## you, you ## +The form of "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -singular (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +# It is before his own master that he stands or falls -## Before his own master he stands or falls ## +Paul speaks of God as if he were a master who owned servants. AT: "Only the master can decide if he will accept the servant or not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "Only the master can decide if he will accept the servant or not" +# But he will be made to stand, for the Lord is able to make him stand -## But he will be made to stand; for the Lord is able to make him stand ## - -This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "But the Lord will accept him because he is able to make the servant acceptable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of the servant who is acceptable to God as if he were being "made to stand" instead of falling. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "But the Lord will accept him because he is able to make the servant acceptable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/05.md b/rom/14/05.md index f43525645a..06660f51c6 100644 --- a/rom/14/05.md +++ b/rom/14/05.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -On the one hand, one person values one day above another, but on the other hand, another values every day -The phrases “on the one hand” and “on the other hand” introduce two different ways of thinking about something. AT: "One person thinks one day is more important than all the others, but another person thinks that all days are the same" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# One person values one day above another. Another values every day equally -## Let each person be convinced in his own mind ## +"One person thinks one day is more important than all the others, but another person thinks that all days are the same" -The full meaning can be made explicit. AT: "Let each person be sure what they are doing is to honor the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# Let each person be convinced in his own mind -## He who observes the day, observes it for the Lord ## +You can make the full meaning explicit. You can also translate this in an active form. AT: "Let each person be sure what he is doing is to honor the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "The person who worships on a certain day does it to honor the Lord" +# He who observes the day, observes it for the Lord -## and he who eats, eats for the Lord ## +Here "observes" refers to worshiping. AT: "The person who worships on a certain day does it to honor the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "The person who eats every kind of food does it to honor the Lord" +# he who eats, eats for the Lord -## He who does not eat, refrains from eating for the Lord ## +This is an ellipsis. You can include the missing words. AT: "the person who eats every kind of food does it to honor the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -AT: "The person who does not eat certain kinds of food does it to honor the Lord" \ No newline at end of file +# He who does not eat, refrains from eating for the Lord + +This is an ellipsis. You can include the missing words. AT: "The person who does not eat certain kinds of food does it to honor the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/07.md b/rom/14/07.md index a13c56e0ba..2f2561efc1 100644 --- a/rom/14/07.md +++ b/rom/14/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## us...we ## +# For none of us lives for himself -Paul is including his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here "lives for himself" means to live only to please oneself. AT: "None of us should live merely to please ourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the dead and the living ## +# none dies for himself -AT: "those who are dead and those who are living" \ No newline at end of file +This means one's death affects other people. AT: "none of us should think that when we die, it affects only us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# us ... we + +Paul is including his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/10.md b/rom/14/10.md index 15dd41de2d..49e3e675ed 100644 --- a/rom/14/10.md +++ b/rom/14/10.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Paul continues instructing the believers on right living. +# why do you judge your brother? And you, why do you despise your brother? -## But you, why do you judge...? And you, why do you despise...? ## +By using these questions, Paul is demonstrating how he might need to scold individuals among his readers. AT: "it is wrong for you to judge your brother, and it is wrong for you to despise your brother!" or "stop judging and despising your brother!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -Paul is demonstrating how he might have to scold individuals among his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) AT: "it is wrong for you to judge...it is wrong for you to despise" (see UDB) or "stop judging...stop despising" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# brother -## brother ## +Here this means a fellow Christian, male or female. -Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. - -## For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God ## +# For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God The "judgment seat" refers to God's authority to judge. AT: "For God will judge us all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## As I live ## +# For it is written -This phrase is used to start an oath or solemn promise. AT: "You can be certain that this is true" +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "For someone has written in the Scriptures:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## to me every knee will bend, and every tongue will give praise to God ## +# As I live -Paul uses the words "knee" and "tongue" to refer to the whole person. Also, the Lord uses the word "God" to refer to himself. AT: "Every person will bow and give praise to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase is used to start an oath or solemn promise. AT: "You can be certain that this is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to me every knee will bend, and every tongue will give praise to God + +Paul uses the words "knee" and "tongue" to refer to the whole person. Also, the Lord uses the word "God" to refer to himself. AT: "every person will bow and give praise to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/12.md b/rom/14/12.md index db15823efd..f76874bc0b 100644 --- a/rom/14/12.md +++ b/rom/14/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## will give an account of himself to God ## +# will give an account of himself to God -AT: "will have to explain our actions to God" +"will have to explain our actions to God" -## but instead decide this, that no one will place a stumbling block or a snare for his brother ## +# but instead decide this, that no one will place a stumbling block or a snare for his brother Here "stumbling block" and "snare" mean basically the same thing. AT: "but instead make it your goal not to do or say anything that might cause a fellow believer to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## brother ## +# brother -Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. \ No newline at end of file +Here this means a fellow Christian, male or female. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/14.md b/rom/14/14.md index de0efcefd0..df17220e1e 100644 --- a/rom/14/14.md +++ b/rom/14/14.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## I know and am persuaded in the Lord Jesus ## +# I know and am persuaded in the Lord Jesus Here the words "know" and "am persuaded" mean basically the same thing; Paul uses them to emphasize his certainty. AT: "I am certain because of my relationship with the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## except that for him who considers anything to be unclean, to him it is unclean ## +# nothing is unclean by itself -This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "But if a person thinks something is unclean, then for that person it is unclean and he should stay away from it" +You can translate this in a positive form. AT: "everything by itself is clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -## If because of food your brother is hurt ## +# by itself -AT: "If you hurt your fellow believer's faith over the matter of food" Here the word "your" refers to the strong in faith and "brother" refers to the weak in faith. +"by its nature" or "because of what it is" -## you no longer walk in love ## +# Only for him who considers anything to be unclean, for him it is unclean -AT: "then you are no longer showing love" \ No newline at end of file +Paul implies here that a person should stay away from anything that he thinks is unclean. You can make this explicit in your translation. AT: "But if a person thinks something is unclean, then for that person it is unclean and he should stay away from it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# If because of food your brother is hurt + +"If you hurt your fellow believer's faith over the matter of food." Here the word "your" refers to those who are strong in faith and "brother" refers to those who are weak in faith. + +# brother + +Here this means a fellow Christian, male or female. + +# you are no longer walking in love + +Paul speaks of the behavior of believers as if it were a walk. AT: "then you are no longer showing love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/16.md b/rom/14/16.md index efc5b0a23b..cc8a277fe1 100644 --- a/rom/14/16.md +++ b/rom/14/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,7 @@ -## do not let your good actions cause people to mock them ## +# So do not allow what you consider to be good to be spoken of as evil -AT: "Do not do things, even if you consider them to be good, if there people will say that they are evil" +"If someone thinks that something is evil, do not do it, even if you consider it to be good" -## your good actions ## +# For the kingdom of God is not about food and drink, but about righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit -This refers to the actions of people with strong faith. - -## people ## - -From the context, this most likely refers to other believers (see UDB). - -## For the kingdom of God is not about food and drink, but about righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit ## - -AT: "For God did not set up his kingdom so that he could rule over what we eat and drink. He set up his kingdom so we could have a right relationship with him and the Holy Spirit could give us peace and joy" \ No newline at end of file +Paul argues that God set up his kingdom so he could give us a right relationship with himself, and to provide peace and joy. AT: "For God did not set up his kingdom so that he could rule over what we eat and drink. He set up his kingdom so we could have a right relationship with him, and so he could give us peace and joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/18.md b/rom/14/18.md index 88eb1f4e61..01485d732b 100644 --- a/rom/14/18.md +++ b/rom/14/18.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## serves Christ in this ## +# approved by people -AT: "serves Christ in this way" +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "people will approve of him" or "people will respect him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## approved by people ## +# let us pursue the things of peace and the things that build up one another -This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "people will approve of him" or "people will respect him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -## let us pursue the things of peace, and the things of building up one another ## - -AT: "let us seek to live in peace and to help one another grow stronger in faith" \ No newline at end of file +Here "build up one another" refers to helping each other grow in faith. AT: "let us seek to live peacefully together and help one another grow stronger in faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/20.md b/rom/14/20.md index d278983b78..1d8a72cf65 100644 --- a/rom/14/20.md +++ b/rom/14/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## It is good not to eat meat, nor to drink wine, nor anything by which your brother takes offense ## +# Do not destroy the work of God because of food -AT: "It is better not to eat meat or drink wine or do anything that may cause your fellow brother to sin" +You can make explicit the full meaning of this sentence. AT: "Do not undo what God has done for a fellow believer just because you want to eat a certain kind of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## your ## +# but it is evil for that person who eats and causes him to stumble + +Here anything that "causes him to stumble" means it causes a weaker brother to do something that is against his conscience. AT: "but it would be a sin for someone to eat food, which another brother thinks is wrong to eat, if by eating this causes the weaker brother to do something that is against his conscience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# It is good not to eat meat, nor to drink wine, nor anything by which your brother takes offense + +"It is better not to eat meat or drink wine or do anything else that might cause your brother to sin" + +# brother + +Here this means a fellow Christian, male or female. + +# your This refers to the strong in faith and "brother" refers to the weak in faith. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/22.md b/rom/14/22.md index 11cb463b3d..f0cd9f2569 100644 --- a/rom/14/22.md +++ b/rom/14/22.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## These particular beliefs that you have ## +# The faith you have -This refers back to the beliefs about food and drink from the previous verse. +This refers back to the beliefs about food and drink. -## you...you...yourself ## +# you ... yourself singular. Because Paul is addressing the believers, you may have to translate this using plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## Blessed is the one who does not condemn himself in respect to what he approves of ## +# Blessed is the one who does not condemn himself by what he approves -AT: "Blessed are those who do not feel guilty for what they decide to do" +"Blessed are those who do not feel guilty for what they decide to do" -## He who doubts is condemned if he eats ## +# He who doubts is condemned if he eats -This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "God will say that the person does wrong if he is not sure if it is right to eat a certain food, but he eats it anyway" (see UDB) or "The person who is not sure if it is right to eat a certain food, but then eats it anyway will have a troubled conscience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God will say that the person does wrong if he is not sure if it is right to eat a certain food, but he eats it anyway" or "The person who is not sure if it is right to eat a certain food, but then eats it anyway will have a troubled conscience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## because it is not from faith ## +# because it is not from faith -This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "God will say that he is wrong because he is eating something he believes God does not want him to eat" +Anything that is "not from faith" is something that God does not want you to do. You can make explicit the full meaning here. AT: "God will say that he is wrong because he is eating something he believes God does not want him to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## and whatever is not from faith is sin ## +# whatever is not from faith is sin -AT: "You are sinning if you do something that you do not believe God wants you to do" \ No newline at end of file +Anything that is "not from faith" is something that God does not want you to do. You can make explicit the full meaning here. AT: "you are sinning if you do something that you do not believe God wants you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/14/intro.md b/rom/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b3b96db27 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Romans 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 14:10, which is a quotation from the Old Testament. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Weak in faith ##### + +Faith is used in Scripture to as something one can definitively possess and at the same time be "weak in" or "lack" in a given situation. In this passage, being weak in faith references Christians who were immature, lacking strength or understanding in their faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### Dietary restrictions ##### + +Dietary restrictions were important in many religions in the ancient Near East. Christians had freedom to eat what they wanted to, but they had to exercise this freedom wisely, and in a way that brought honor to the Lord and did not cause others to sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +##### The Judgment Seat of God ##### + +The Judgment Seat of God or Christ (also known as the "Bema Seat") represents a time when Christians will be held accountable for the way they lived their lives as Christians. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/01.md b/rom/15/01.md index f43c87816e..d21e647721 100644 --- a/rom/15/01.md +++ b/rom/15/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Now ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul concludes this section about believers' living for others with reminding them how Christ lived. + +# Now Translate this using the words your language uses to introduce a new idea into an argument. -## we who are strong ## +# we who are strong -AT: "we who are strong in faith" +Here "strong" refers to the people who are strong in their faith. They believe that God allows them to eat any kind of food. AT: "we who are strong in faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## we ## +# we This refers to Paul, his readers, and other believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -## the weak ## +# the weak -AT: "those who are weak in faith" +Here "the weak" refers to the people who are weak in their faith. They believe that God does not allow them to eat some kinds of food. AT: "those who are weak in faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to build him up ## +# to build him up -AT: "to strengthen his faith" \ No newline at end of file +By this, Paul means to strengthen someone's faith. AT: "to strengthen his faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/03.md b/rom/15/03.md index c6b7dc9f0a..c7ea4a55ed 100644 --- a/rom/15/03.md +++ b/rom/15/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## The insults of those who insulted you fell on me ## +# it was just as it is written -AT: "The insults of those who insulted God fell on Christ" +Here Paul refers to a scripture where Christ (the Messiah) speaks to God. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the Messiah said to God in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## For whatever was previously written was written for our instruction ## +# The insults of those who insulted you fell on me -AT: "For everything written in the scriptures in the past was written to inform us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The insults of those who insulted God fell on Christ. -## our...we ## +# For whatever was previously written was written for our instruction -Paul includes his readers and other believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "For in times past, the prophets wrote everything in the Scriptures to teach us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# our ... we + +Paul includes his readers and other believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# in order that through patience and through encouragement of the scriptures we would have confidence + +Here "have confidence" means that the believers will know that God will fulfill his promises. You can make explicit the full meaning in your translation. AT: "In this way the scriptures will encourage us to expect that God will do for us everything that he has promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/05.md b/rom/15/05.md index 8b2be85849..2318885c50 100644 --- a/rom/15/05.md +++ b/rom/15/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## may...God...grant ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "I pray that...God...will grant" +Paul encourages the believers to remember that both Gentile believers and Jews that believe are made one in Christ. -## to be of the same mind with each other ## +# may ... God ... grant -AT: "to be in agreement with each other" or "to be united" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"I pray that ... God ... will grant" -## praise with one mouth ## +# to be of the same mind with each other -AT: "praise together as if only one mouth was speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here to be of the "same mind" is a metonym that means to be in agreement with each other. AT: "to be in agreement with each other" or "to be united" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# praise with one mouth + +This means to be united in praising God. AT: "praise God together in unity as if only one mouth were speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# receive one another + +"accept one another"" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/08.md b/rom/15/08.md index 576baed09b..c056336ec5 100644 --- a/rom/15/08.md +++ b/rom/15/08.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## For I say ## +# For I say "I" refers to Paul. -## Christ has been made a servant of the circumcision ## +# Christ has been made a servant of the circumcision -AT: "Jesus Christ came to help the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "the circumcision" is a metonym that refers to the Jews. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "Jesus Christ came to help the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## that he might confirm the promises given to the fathers ## +# the promises given to the fathers -AT: "that God might confirm the promises he gave the ancestors of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "the fathers" refers to the ancestors of the Jewish people. You can translate this in active form. AT: "the promises that God gave to the ancestors of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## as it is written ## +# for the Gentiles -AT: "as it is written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This is an ellipsis. You can include the missing words. AT: "Christ came to help the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## and for the Gentiles ## +# as it is written -AT: "and Christ has been made the servant of the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "as someone has written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# sing praise to your name + +Here "your name" is a metonym that refers to God. AT: "sing praise to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/10.md b/rom/15/10.md index a6df9f5482..0d3d625fcf 100644 --- a/rom/15/10.md +++ b/rom/15/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## Again it says ## +# Again it says -AT: "Again scripture says" or "Again Moses says" +"Again the scripture says" -## with his people ## +# with his people -AT: "with the people of God" +This refers to God's people. You can make this explicit in your translation. AT: "with the people of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## praise him ## +# praise him -AT: "praise the Lord" \ No newline at end of file +"praise the Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/12.md b/rom/15/12.md index 884c42935e..7257764bbd 100644 --- a/rom/15/12.md +++ b/rom/15/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## root of Jesse ## +# root of Jesse -Jesse was the physical father of King David. AT: "descendant of Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Jesse was the physical father of King David. AT: "descendant of Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# The Gentiles will have confidence in him + +Here "him" refers to the descendant of Jesse, the Messiah. Those who are not Jews will also trust him to fulfill his promises. AT: "The people who are not Jews can trust him to do what he has promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/13.md b/rom/15/13.md index 768a48fe62..055b534172 100644 --- a/rom/15/13.md +++ b/rom/15/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## the God of confidence ## +# the God of confidence -AT: "God, in whom you have confidence" +Here "confidence" refers to one's ability to trust in God to do what he has promised to do. AT: "God, whom you trust to fulfill his promises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## fill you with all joy and peace ## +# fill you with all joy and peace -AT: "fill you with great joy and peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Paul exaggerates here to emphasize his point. AT: "fill you with great joy and peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## you may abound in confidence ## +# you may abound in confidence -AT: "you may be completely confident" \ No newline at end of file +"you may be completely confident" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/14.md b/rom/15/14.md index 8e239172b1..49a495f90f 100644 --- a/rom/15/14.md +++ b/rom/15/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## filled with all knowledge ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "filled with sufficient knowledge to follow God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Paul reminds the believers in Rome that God chose him to reach the Gentiles. -## able also to exhort one another ## +# I myself am also convinced about you, my brothers -AT: "able also to teach each other" \ No newline at end of file +Paul is quite sure that the believers in Rome are honoring each other in their behavior. AT: "I myself am completely sure that you yourselves have acted toward others in a completely good way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. + +# filled with all knowledge + +Paul exaggerates here to emphasize his point. AT: "filled with sufficient knowledge to follow God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# also able to exhort one another + +Here "exhort" means to teach. AT: "also able to teach each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/15.md b/rom/15/15.md index 28db0544e3..300dc1647a 100644 --- a/rom/15/15.md +++ b/rom/15/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the gift that was given me by God ## +# the gift that was given me by God -This gift is his appointment as an apostle despite his persecution of believers prior to his conversion. AT: "the gift God gave me" +This gift is Paul's appointment as an apostle despite his persecution of believers prior to his conversion. Paul speaks of his selection as an apostle as if it were a gift that God gave to him. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the gift God gave me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the offering of the Gentiles might become acceptable ## +# the offering of the Gentiles might become acceptable -AT: "God might be pleased with the Gentiles when they obey him" (see UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of his preaching the gospel as if he, as a priest, were making an offering to God. AT: "the Gentiles might please God when they obey him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/17.md b/rom/15/17.md index de077b9fbd..e4988adcb4 100644 --- a/rom/15/17.md +++ b/rom/15/17.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## I have then my boast in Christ Jesus in the things pertaining to God ## +# So my delight is in Christ Jesus and in the things of God -AT: "Therefore I have reason to be proud in Christ Jesus of the work God has given me to do" +Here "the things of God" could refer to the task that God has chosen Paul to do. AT: "Therefore I have reason to rejoice in Christ Jesus and in the work God has given me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## For I will not dare to speak of anything except what Christ has accomplished through me for the obedience of the Gentiles, by word and action, by the power of signs and wonders, by the power of the Holy Spirit ## +# For I will not dare to speak of anything ... These are things done by word and action, by the power of signs and wonders, and by the power of the Holy Spirit -AT: "For the sake of the obedience of the Gentiles, I will only speak of what Christ has accomplished through me in my words and actions and by the power of signs and wonders through the power of the Holy Spirit" +You can translate this double negative in a positive form. Here "these are things" refers to what Christ has accomplished through Paul. AT: "For the sake of the obedience of the Gentiles, I will only speak of what Christ has accomplished through me in my words and actions and by the power of signs and wonders through the power of the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## signs and wonders ## +# signs and wonders -These two words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two words mean basically the same thing and refer to various kinds of miracles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## so that from Jerusalem, and round about as far as Illyricum ## +# so that from Jerusalem, and round about as far as Illyricum This is from the city of Jerusalem as far as the province of Illyricum, a region close to Italy. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/20.md b/rom/15/20.md index cb6506476f..125139169b 100644 --- a/rom/15/20.md +++ b/rom/15/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## In this way, my desire has been to proclaim the gospel, but not where Christ is known by name ## +# In this way, my desire has been to proclaim the gospel, but not where Christ is known by name -AT: "Because of this, I want to preach the good news in places that have never heard of Christ" +Paul only wants to preach to people who have never heard of Christ. AT: "Because of this, I want to preach the good news in places where people have never heard of Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Those to whom no tidings of him came ## +# in order that I might not build upon another man's foundation -AT: "Those whom no one had told about him" \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of his ministry work as if he were building a house on a foundation. AT: "in order that I might not be simply continuing the work that someone else already started. I do not want to be like a man who builds a house on someone else's foundation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It is as it is written + +Here Paul refers to what Isaiah wrote in the scriptures. You can translate this in an active form and make the meaning explicit. AT: "What is happening is like what Isaiah wrote in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Those to whom no tidings of him came + +Here Paul speaks of the "tidings" or message about Christ as if it were alive and able to move by itself. AT: "Those whom no one had told the news about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/22.md b/rom/15/22.md index d7fb9fe77e..9ec04c3a3c 100644 --- a/rom/15/22.md +++ b/rom/15/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## I was hindered ## +# Connecting Statement: -It is not important to identify who hindered Paul. AT: "they hindered me" or "people hindered me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +Paul tells the believers in Rome about his personal plans to visit them and asks the believers to pray. + +# I was also hindered + +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "they also hindered me" or "people also hindered me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I no longer have any place in these regions + +Paul implies that there are no more places in these areas where people live who have not heard about Christ. AT: "there are no more places in these regions where people have not heard about Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/24.md b/rom/15/24.md index b5367d1dec..2961c3dc84 100644 --- a/rom/15/24.md +++ b/rom/15/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## in passing ## +# Spain -AT: "as I pass through Rome" or "while I am on my way" +This is a roman province west of Rome that Paul desired to visit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -## enjoy your company ## +# in passing -AT: "enjoy spending some time with you" or "enjoy visiting you" +"as I pass through Rome" or "while I am on my way" -## Spain ## +# to be sent on my way by you -This is a roman province west of Rome that Paul desired to visit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Paul implies that he wants the Roman believers to provide some financial assistance to him for his journey to Spain. AT: "that you will help me on my journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# enjoy your company + +"enjoy spending some time with you" or "enjoy visiting you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/26.md b/rom/15/26.md index cb22c14134..d42567ce32 100644 --- a/rom/15/26.md +++ b/rom/15/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Yes, it was their good pleasure ## +# it was the good pleasure of Macedonia and Achaia -AT: "The believers in Macedonia and Achaia were pleased to do it" or "...enjoyed doing it" +Here the words "Macedonia" and "Achaia" are synecdoches for the people who live in those areas. AT: "the believers in the provinces of Macedonia and Achaia were happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## indeed, they are their debtors ## +# Yes, it was their good pleasure -AT: "indeed the people of Macedonia and Achaia are in debt to the believers in Jerusalem" +"The believers in Macedonia and Achaia were pleased to do it" -## if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual things, they owe it to them also to serve them ## +# indeed, they are their debtors -AT: "since the Gentiles have shared in the spiritual things of the Jerusalem believers, the Gentiles owe service to the Jerusalem believers" \ No newline at end of file +"indeed the people of Macedonia and Achaia are in debt to the believers in Jerusalem" + +# if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual things, they owe it to them also to serve them + +"since the Gentiles have shared in the spiritual things of the Jerusalem believers, the Gentiles owe service to the Jerusalem believers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/28.md b/rom/15/28.md index 15d0888ce0..5c2a2b619e 100644 --- a/rom/15/28.md +++ b/rom/15/28.md @@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -## certified ## +# made sure that they have received what was collected -AT: "safely delivered" +Paul speaks of the money he is taking to Jerusalem as if it were a fruit that was collected for them. AT: "and have safely delivered this offering to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## fruit ## +# I know that when I come to you I will come in the fullness of the blessing of Christ -This refers to money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) - -## I will come in the fullness of the blessing of Christ. ## - -AT: "I will come with Christ's full blessing" \ No newline at end of file +This phrase means that Christ will bless Paul and the Roman believers. AT: "And I know that when I visit you, Christ will abundantly bless us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/30.md b/rom/15/30.md index f69811eb3f..8636eaaad5 100644 --- a/rom/15/30.md +++ b/rom/15/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## Now ## +# Now -If your language has a way to show that Paul has stopped talking about the good things he is confident of ([Romans 15:28](./28.md)) and is now starting to talk about the dangers he faces, use it here. +If your language has a way to show that Paul has stopped talking about the good things he is confident of ([Romans 15:29](./28.md)) and is now starting to talk about the dangers he faces, use it here. -## I urge you ## +# I urge you -AT: "I encourage you" +"I encourage you" -## brothers ## +# brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## strive ## +# strive -AT: "work hard" or "struggle" +"work hard" or "struggle" -## rescued ## +# rescued -AT: "saved" or "protected" \ No newline at end of file +"saved" or "protected" + +# that my service for Jerusalem may be acceptable to the believers + +Here Paul expresses his desire that the believers in Jerusalem will gladly accept the money from the believers in Macedonia and Achaia. AT: "pray that the believers in Jerusalem will be glad to receive the money that I am bringing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/33.md b/rom/15/33.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8be07faf52 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/15/33.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# May the God of peace + +The "God of peace" means the God who causes believers to have inner peace. AT: "I pray that God who causes all of us to have inner peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/15/intro.md b/rom/15/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5f79809ca4 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/15/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Romans 15 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 15:9-12, 20, which are quotations from the Old Testament. Many of these quotations are used to prove that God has always had a plan for the salvation of the Gentile peoples. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +Romans [Romans 15:14](./14.md) marks a shift in the material of the book overall. Paul begins to speak much more personally. This serves a specific function in the letter overall, marking the end of his instruction and beginning a personal greeting. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Strong/Weak ##### +These terms are used to refer to people who are mature and immature in their faith. There are many different terms that can be used to describe people who have grown more spiritually than others. Paul also explains that spiritual growth occurs through the fellowship and encouragement of other Christians in community with one another. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/01.md b/rom/16/01.md index 68088a1581..d48c56b49f 100644 --- a/rom/16/01.md +++ b/rom/16/01.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ -Paul is greeting many of the believers in Rome by name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# Connecting Statement: -## I commend to you Phoebe ## +Paul then greets many of the believers in Rome by name. -AT: "I want you to respect Phoebe" +# I commend to you Phoebe -## Phoebe ## +"I want you to respect Phoebe" -This is a woman's name. +# Phoebe -## our sister ## +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -This refers to Paul and all believers. AT: "our sister in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +# our sister -## Cenchrea ## +The word "our" refers to Paul and all believers. AT: "our sister in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -This was a seaport city in Greece. +# Cenchrea -## receive her in the Lord ## +This was a seaport city in Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -AT: "welcome her because we all belong to the Lord" +# receive her in the Lord -## in a manner worthy of the saints ## +Paul encourages the Roman believers to welcome Phoebe as a fellow believer. AT: "welcome her because we all belong to the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "in the way that believers should welcome other believers" +# in a manner worthy of the believers -## and that you stand by her ## +"in the way that believers should welcome other believers" -This could be translated as a new sentence. AT: "I also want you to help her." +# stand by her -## has become a helper of many, and of myself as well ## +Paul encourages the Roman believers to give to Phoebe anything she needs. AT: "help her by giving her whatever she needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -AT: "has helped many people, and she has also helped me" \ No newline at end of file +# has become a helper of many, and of myself as well + +"has helped many people, and she has also helped me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/03.md b/rom/16/03.md index d42f30794d..c30a150d91 100644 --- a/rom/16/03.md +++ b/rom/16/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -Paul is greeting many of the believers in Rome by name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# Priscilla and Aquila -## Prisca and Aquila ## +Priscilla was the wife of Aquila. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -Prisca, also known as Priscilla, was the wife of Aquila. +# my fellow workers in Christ Jesus -## my fellow-workers in Christ Jesus ## +Paul's "fellow workers" are people who also tell others about Jesus. AT: "who work with me to tell people about Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -workers in Christ Jesus** - AT: "who work with me to tell people about Christ Jesus" +# Greet the church that is in their house -## Greet the church that is in their house ## +"Greet the believers who meet in their house to worship" -AT: "Greet the believers who meet in their house to worship" +# Epaenetus -## Epaenetus ## +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -This is the name of a man. +# firstfruit of Asia to Christ -## first fruit of Asia ## - -This phrase means that Epaenetus was the first person in Asia to believe in Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of Epaenetus as if he were a fruit that he harvested. AT: "first person in Asia to believe in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/06.md b/rom/16/06.md index 31cc5e22ba..b654d3f98c 100644 --- a/rom/16/06.md +++ b/rom/16/06.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Paul is greeting many of the believers in Rome by name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# Mary -## Mary ## +This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This is a woman's name. +# Andronicus ... Ampliatus -## Junias ## +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -This could be either 1) Junia, a woman's name (see UDB) or much less likely, 2) Junias, a man's name. +# Junias -## Andronicus...Ampliatus ## +This could be either 1) Junia, a woman's name, or, much less likely, 2) Junias, a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -These are men's names. +# They are prominent among the apostles -## my beloved in the Lord ## +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "The apostles know them very well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AT: "my dear friend and fellow believer" \ No newline at end of file +# my beloved in the Lord + +"my dear friend and fellow believer" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/09.md b/rom/16/09.md index 2b5ae33aff..c40b868d21 100644 --- a/rom/16/09.md +++ b/rom/16/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Urbanus...Stachys...Apelles...Aristobulus...Herodian...Narcissus ## +# Urbanus ... Stachys ... Apelles ... Aristobulus ... Herodion ... Narcissus These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the approved in Christ ## +# the approved in Christ -The word "approved" refers to someone who has been tested and proved to be genuine. AT: "whom Christ has approved" \ No newline at end of file +The word "approved" refers to someone who has been tested and proved to be genuine. AT: "whom Christ has approved" + +# who are in the Lord + +This refers to those who trust in Jesus. AT: "who are believers" or "who belong to the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/12.md b/rom/16/12.md index a7918a42df..2302c2fa26 100644 --- a/rom/16/12.md +++ b/rom/16/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -Paul is greeting many of the believers in Rome by name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# Tryphaena ... Tryphosa ... Persis -## Tryphaena...Tryphosa...Persis ## +These are women's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -These are women's names. +# Rufus ... Asyncritus ... Phlegon ... Hermes ... Patrobas ... Hermas -## Rufus...Asyncritus...Phlegon...Hermes...Patrobas...Hermas ## +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -These are men's names. +# chosen in the Lord -## chosen in the Lord ## +You can translate this in an active form. AT: "whom the Lord has chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "whom the Lord has chosen" because of special qualities (see UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# his mother and mine -## his mother and mine ## +Paul speaks of the mother of Rufus as if she were his own mother. AT: "his mother, whom I also think of as my mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "his mother, whom I also think of as my mother" \ No newline at end of file +# brothers + +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/15.md b/rom/16/15.md index 159a6142d7..ea0b46645d 100644 --- a/rom/16/15.md +++ b/rom/16/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -Paul is greeting many of the believers in Rome by name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +# Philologus ... Nereus ... Olympas -## Philologus...Nereus...Olympas ## +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -These are men's names. +# Julia -## Julia ## +The name of a woman. Julia was probably the wife of Philologus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -The name of a woman who may have been married to Philologus. \ No newline at end of file +# a holy kiss + +an expression of affection for fellow believers + +# All the churches of Christ greet you + +Here Paul speaks in a general manner concerning the churches of Christ. AT: "The believers in all the churches in this area send their greetings to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/17.md b/rom/16/17.md index fb97a3ce4f..2a8eab6b60 100644 --- a/rom/16/17.md +++ b/rom/16/17.md @@ -1,27 +1,39 @@ -## to think about ## +# Connecting Statement: -AT: "to watch out for" +Paul gives one last warning to the believers about unity and living for God. -## who are causing the divisions and stumbling ## +# brothers -AT: "who are causing believers to argue with one another and to stop having faith in God" +Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. -## going beyond the teaching that you have learned ## +# to think about -This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "They teach things that do not agree with the truth you have already learned" +"to watch out for" -## Turn away from them ## +# who are causing the divisions and stumbling -AT: "Stay away from them" +This refers to those who argue and cause others to stop trusting in Jesus. AT: "who are causing believers to argue with one another and to stop having faith in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## but their own belly ## +# They are going beyond the teaching that you have learned -Here "belly" refers to physical desires. AT: "but they only want to please their own selfish desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"They teach things that do not agree with the truth you have already learned" -## By their smooth and flattering speech ## +# Turn away from them + +"Stay away from them" + +# but their own stomach + +The words "they serve" are understood from the previous phrase. This can be expressed as a separate sentence. AT: "Rather, they serve their own stomach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# but their own stomach + +Here "stomach" is a metonym that refers to physical desires. Serving there stomach represents satisfying their desires. AT: "but they only want to satisfy their own selfish desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# By their smooth and flattering speech The words "smooth" and "flattering" mean basically the same thing. Paul is emphasizing how these people are deceiving believers. AT: "By saying things that seem to be good and true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## innocent ## +# innocent -simple, inexperienced, and naive. AT: "those who innocently trust them" or "those who do not know these teachers are fooling them" \ No newline at end of file +This refers to those who are simple, inexperienced, and naive. AT: "those who innocently trust them" or "those who do not know these teachers are fooling them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/19.md b/rom/16/19.md index 455c24cde0..3ab6c734cb 100644 --- a/rom/16/19.md +++ b/rom/16/19.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## For your example of obedience reaches everyone ## +# For your example of obedience reaches everyone -AT: "For when you obey Jesus everyone hears about it" +Here Paul speaks of the Roman believers' obedience as if it were a person who could go to people. AT: "For everyone has heard how you obey Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet ## +# The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet -The phrase "crush under your feet" refers to complete victory over an enemy. AT: "Soon God will give you peace and complete victory over Satan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The phrase "crush under your feet" refers to complete victory over an enemy. Here Paul speaks of the victory over Satan as if the Roman believers were trampling an enemy under their feet. AT: "Soon God will give you peace and complete victory over Satan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## innocent to that which is evil ## +# innocent to that which is evil -AT: "not mixed up in evil" \ No newline at end of file +"not involved in doing evil things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/21.md b/rom/16/21.md index ada205229a..653cf58c11 100644 --- a/rom/16/21.md +++ b/rom/16/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Lucius, Jason, Sosipater...Tertius ## +# Connecting Statement: + +Paul gives greetings from the believers who are with him. + +# Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater ... Tertius These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Tertius, who write this epistle down ## +# Tertius, who write this epistle down -Tertius is the man who wrote down what Paul spoke. +Tertius is the man who wrote down what Paul spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## greet you in the Lord ## +# greet you in the Lord -AT: "greet you as a fellow believer in the Lord" \ No newline at end of file +"greet you as a fellow believer" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/23.md b/rom/16/23.md index 479b87cc2d..ee86f63206 100644 --- a/rom/16/23.md +++ b/rom/16/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -## Gaius...Erastus...Quartus ## +# Gaius ... Erastus ... Quartus These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the host ## +# the host -This means that the believers met in his house for worship. +This refers to Gaius, the person in whose house Paul and his fellow believers gathered for worship. -## the treasurer ## +# the treasurer -This is a person who takes care of money for a group. - -## 16:24 ## - -This verse was omitted because some of the older, more reliable, ancient texts did not include the verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a person who takes care of the money for a group. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/25.md b/rom/16/25.md index fc39865cce..abfdf43502 100644 --- a/rom/16/25.md +++ b/rom/16/25.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Now ## +# Connecting Statement: -Here the word "now" marks the closing section of the letter. +Paul closes with a prayer of blessing. -## to make you stand ## +# Now -AT: "to make your faith strong" +Here the word "now" marks the closing section of the letter. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you can use it here. -## according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ ## +# to make you stand -AT: "by the good news that I have preached about Jesus Christ" +Paul speaks here of having strong faith as if a person were standing, instead of falling. AT: "to make your faith strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## according to the revelation of the mystery that has been kept secret from long ago ## +# according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ -This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "because God has revealed to us believers the secret that he was keeping for a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"by the good news that I have preached about Jesus Christ" -## but that now has been revealed and made known by the prophetic scriptures according to the command of the eternal God ## +# according to the revelation of the mystery that has been kept secret from long ago -This can be translated with an active verb. AT: "but now the eternal God has made it known through the scriptures" +Paul says that God has revealed previously hidden truths to the believers. He speaks of these truths as if they were a secret. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "because God has revealed to us believers the secret that he was keeping for a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for the obedience of faith among all the non-Jews ## +# but now has been revealed, and through the prophetic writings has been made known to all nations, according to the command of the eternal God -Jews** - AT: "so that all nations will obey God because of their faith in him" \ No newline at end of file +The verbs "revealed" and "made known" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses both of them to emphasize his point. You can combine these words and translate this in an active form. AT: "but now the eternal God has made it known to all the nations through the prophetic writings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# for the obedience of faith + +Here "obedience" and "faith" are abstract nouns. You can use the verbs "obey" and "trust" in your translation. AT: "so that all nations will obey God because they trust in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/27.md b/rom/16/27.md index af40c59eec..e650baf0dd 100644 --- a/rom/16/27.md +++ b/rom/16/27.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -This continues the closing statement. (See: [Romans 16:25](./25.md)) \ No newline at end of file +# To the only wise God ... be the glory forever. Amen + +Here "through Jesus Christ" refers to what Jesus did. To give "glory" means to praise God. AT: "Because of what Jesus Christ has done for us, we will praise forever the one who alone is God and who alone is wise. Amen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/16/intro.md b/rom/16/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bbd7db1a08 --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/16/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Romans 16 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter forms a final salutation or greeting for the Christians in Rome. It was common to end a letter in the ancient Near East with this type of personal greeting. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +Because of the personal nature of this chapter, much of the context has been lost to history. This will make translation difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Romans 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../15/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/front/intro.md b/rom/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e4adfe389a --- /dev/null +++ b/rom/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +# Introduction to Romans # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Romans #### + +1. Paul introduces himself and tells who it is that he is writing to (1:1-15) +1. Paul gives the most important theme of his letter: righteousness by faith in Jesus Christ (1:16-17) +1. Paul writes about how all mankind is condemned by God because of their sin (1:18-3:20) +1. Paul writes about how God offers righteousness only through Jesus Christ by faith in him (3:21-4:25) +1. Paul writes about the fruits of the Spirit (5:1-11) +1. Paul draws an opposite analogy between Adam and Christ (5:12-21) +1. Paul writes about sanctification: becoming like Christ in this life (6:1-8:39) +1. Paul writes about God's plan for Israel (9:1-11:36) +1. Paul gives practical advice for living as Christians (12:1-15:13) +1. Paul's conclusion and greetings (15:14-16:27) + +#### What is the Book of Romans about? #### + +Rome was the most important city in the Mediterranean area at that time. Paul wrote this letter to the Christians in Rome in order to get them ready to receive him as a visitor. He stated his purpose was to "bring about the obedience of faith" (16:26). + +In his letter to the Christians in Rome, Paul writes the fullest description of his understanding of the gospel of Jesus Christ. He explains that God offers everyone his love and acceptance through Jesus Christ. This is true, even though there were at that time deep divisions between Jews and non-Jews. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Romans." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Letter to the Church in Rome," or "A Letter to the Christians in Rome." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Romans? #### + +Paul from the city of Tarsus was the author. He had been known as Saul in his early life, when as a Pharisee he was a determined persecutor of Christians. After he began to trust in Jesus Christ, he made a number of missionary journeys in order to preach the gospel among both Jews and non-Jews living outside the land of Israel. + +He probably wrote this letter while he was staying in the city of Corinth in Greece, on his third missionary journey. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What are the titles used to refer to Jesus? #### + +In Romans, Paul describes Jesus Christ by many titles and descriptions: Jesus Christ (1:1), the Seed of David (1:3), the Son of God (1:4), the Lord Jesus Christ (1:7), Christ Jesus (3:24), Propitiation (3:25), Jesus (3:26), Jesus our Lord (4:24), Lord of Hosts (9:29), a Stumbling Stone and Rock of Offence (9:33), the End of the Law (10:4), the Deliverer (11:26), Lord of the Dead and the Living (14:9), and the Root of Jesse (15:12). + +#### How should theological terms in Romans be translated? #### + +Romans contains many theological terms that do not occur very much in the four gospels. As early Christians thought more about the meaning of Jesus Christ and his message, they realized that they needed words and expressions for new ideas, such as "justification" (5:1), "works of the law" (3:20) and "gospel" (2:16). Other such terms are "righteousness" (1:17), "grace" (1:7), "reconcile" (5:10), "salvation" (1:16), "propitiation" (3:25), "sanctification" (6:19), "glorify" (8:17) and "the old man" (6:6). + +The "key terms" dictionary can help translators understand many of these terms. Also, many of the terms are abstract concepts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +Terms such as those given above are complicated to explain. It is often hard or impossible for translators to find equivalent terms in their own languages. It can help to know that word equivalents of these terms are not necessary. Instead, translators are free to develop any short expressions they can in order to communicate these ideas. For example, the term "gospel" can be translated as "the good news about Jesus Christ." "Grace" can be translated as "God's kind gifts" or "God's acceptance of people," etc. + +Translators should also remember that some of these terms have more than one meaning, depending on the context in which it is used. For example, "righteousness" sometimes signals the idea that a person can perfectly obey God's law. At other times, "righteousness" signals the idea that Jesus Christ has obeyed God's law for us, and that God allows us to share in Christ's obedience. + +#### What does Paul mean by "a remnant" of Israel (11:5)? #### + +The idea of a "remnant" (a few people who have survived a disaster) is important both in the Old Testament and for Paul. Most of the Israelites were either killed or scattered among other people when the Assyrians and then the Babylonians conquered their land. Only a relatively few Jews survived. They were known as "the remnant." + +In 11:1-9, Paul speaks of another remnant. These are the Jews who trusted in Jesus Christ. Because of that, God saved them. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What does Paul mean by being "in Christ"? #### + +This kind of expression occurs in 3:24; 6:11, 23; 8:1,2,39; 9:1; 12:5,17; 15:17; and 16:3,7,9,10. Paul uses a metaphor ("in Christ") to express the reality of the Christian believer's relationship to Jesus Christ. In this relationship, the believer is saved, is made into a friend with God, and is promised eternity with him. However, this idea can be difficult to represent in many languages, so translators must become very creative. + +While expressing the believer's relationship to Christ, Paul at the same time often uses phrases such as "in Christ," "in Jesus Christ," and "in the Lord" with more specific meanings that depend on context. For example, in 3:24 ("the redemption that is in Christ Jesus"), Paul refers to the redemption that we have "because" of Jesus Christ. In 8:9 ("you are not in the flesh but in the Spirit"), Paul speaks of the believers' submission "to" the Holy Spirit. In 9:1 ("I tell the truth in Christ"), Paul means that he is telling the truth that "is in agreement with" Jesus Christ. + +Nevertheless, the basic idea of our union with Jesus Christ (and with the Holy Spirit) is evident in these passages as well. This application of a double sense frequently occurs when words of multiple senses appear. Note that even the basic idea of union with Christ Jesus depends on a metaphorical understanding of the preposition "in," which in its concrete sense expresses the idea of physical location. + +Therefore, the translator has a choice in many passages that use "in." He will often decide to represent only the more immediate sense of "in": "by means of," "in the manner of," "in regard to," etc. But if the project language allows the background sense of "in union with" to appear at the same time, the translator may well decide to translate in such a way as to allow that secondary meaning to show. + +#### How are the ideas of "holy," "saints" or "holy ones," and "sanctify" represented in Romans ULB? #### + +The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, Romans ULB uses the following principles: +* Sometimes the context mainly implies moral holiness. Especially important for understanding the gospel is the fact that God views Christians as sinless because they are united to Jesus Christ. Another related fact is that that God is perfect and faultless. A third fact is that Christians are to conduct themselves in a blameless and faultless manner in life. In these cases, the ULB uses "holy," "holy God," "holy ones" or "holy people." (See: 1:7) +* Sometimes the context mainly indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In cases where some other English versions have "saints" or "holy ones," the ULB uses "believers." (See: 8:27; 12:13; 15:25, 26, 31; 16:2, 15) +* Sometimes the context mainly implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULB uses "set apart," "dedicated to" or "reserved for." (See: 15:16) + +As translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions, they will often be helped by the choices made in the ULB. + +#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Romans? #### + +The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of Romans: + +* "he [God] works all things together for good" (8:28). Some older versions read, "All things work together for good." +* "But if it is by grace, it is no longer by works. Otherwise grace would no longer be grace." (11:6) The best ancient copies have this reading. However, some versions read: "But if it is by works, then is it no more grace: otherwise work is no more work." +* "May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen." (16:24) The best ancient copies do not have this verse. + +Translators are advised not to translate this last passage. However, if older Bible versions exist in their region that have it, it is not wrong to translate it. If it is translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is probably not original to the Book of Romans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/01.md b/rut/01/01.md index 0b3a31ad5c..bc4a8af1a6 100644 --- a/rut/01/01.md +++ b/rut/01/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## It happened ## +# It happened "It was" or "This is what happened." This is a common way of beginning a historical story. -## in the days when the judges ruled ## +# in the days when the judges ruled "during the time when judges led and governed Israel" -## in the land ## +# in the land -"in the land of Israel". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This refers to the land of Israel. AT: "in the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## a certain man ## +# a certain man "a man." This is a common way of introducing a character into a story. -## Ephrathites of Bethlehem of Judea ## +# Ephrathites of Bethlehem of Judah -They were from the tribe of Ephraim who settled at Bethlehem in the region of Judea. \ No newline at end of file +They were people from the tribe of Ephraim who settled at Bethlehem in the region of Judea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/03.md b/rut/01/03.md index bbaebf644f..680b6c302d 100644 --- a/rut/01/03.md +++ b/rut/01/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## she was left with her two sons ## +# she was left with her two sons -"Naomi had only her two sons with her" (UDB) +"Naomi had only her two sons with her" -## took wives ## +# took wives -"married" +"married women." This is an idiom for marrying women. They did not take women who were already married. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## of the women of Moab ## +# from the women of Moab Naomi's sons married women who were from the tribe of Moab. The Moabites worshiped other gods. -## the name of one ## +# the name of one ... the name of the other -"the name of one of the women" +"the name of one woman ... the name of the other woman" -## the name of the other ## +# ten years -"the name of the other woman" +Ten years after Elimelek and Naomi came to the country of Moab, their sons Mahlon and Kilion died. -## ten years ## - -Ten years after Elimelek and Naomi came to the country of Moab, their sons Mahalon and Chilon died. - -## leaving Naomi ## +# leaving Naomi Naomi was widowed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/06.md b/rut/01/06.md index df876fa973..9793e2d23a 100644 --- a/rut/01/06.md +++ b/rut/01/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## She had heard in the region of Moab ## +# she had heard in the region of Moab -"While Naomi was living in Moab she heard." +"while Naomi was living in Moab she heard." It is implied that the news came from Israel. AT: "she heard from Israel while in the region of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## had helped his people in need ## +# Yahweh -This is an idiom that said “visited his people” in the original text. It means that God paid attention to his people, and he saw their need and provided for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -## she left the place where she had been ## +# had helped his people in need -AT: "left the place in Moab where she had been living." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +God saw their need and provided good harvests for them. -## daughters-in-law ## +# daughters-in-law -in-law** - the women who married Naomi's sons. +the women who married Naomi's sons -## they walked down the road ## +# they walked down the road -"they walked along the road" \ No newline at end of file +"they walked along the road." To walk down a road is an expression for walking away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/08.md b/rut/01/08.md index beac5bd413..bc3ecfb638 100644 --- a/rut/01/08.md +++ b/rut/01/08.md @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ -## daughters-in-law ## +# daughters-in-law -in-law** - "son's wives" or "sons' widows" +"sons' wives" or "sons' widows" -## each of you ## +# each of you Naomi was talking to two people, so languages that have a dual form of "you" would use that throughout her talk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## your mother's house ## +# your mother's house -AT: "to the home of each of your mothers." +"to the home of each of your mothers" -## shown loyalty ## +# shown kindness -AT: "demonstrated that you are loyal." +"demonstrated that you are loyal" -## loyalty ## +# kindness -The Hebrew word here includes the ideas of love, kindness, and faithfulness. +"kindness" includes the ideas of love, kindness, and faithfulness. -## toward the dead ## +# toward the dead -"to your husbands who died" +"to your husbands, who died." Naomi was referring to her two sons that died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## grant you ## +# grant you "give you" or "allow you to have" -## rest ## +# rest "Rest" here includes security in marriage. -## in the house of another husband ## +# in the house of another husband -with their new husbands, not someone else's. +with their new husbands, not someone else's husband. This refers to both a physical house that belongs to the husband, and to the protection from shame by being married. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## they raised their voices and cried ## +# they raised their voices and cried -means that they cried out loud or wept bitterly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This means that the daughters cried out loud or wept bitterly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## we will return ## +# We will return -When Orpah and Ruth said "we", they were referring to themselves and not Naomi. So languages that have inclusive and exclusive "we" would use the exclusive form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +When Orpah and Ruth said "we," they were referring to themselves and not Naomi. So languages that have inclusive and exclusive "we" would use the exclusive form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## with you ## +# with you -"you" used here is the singular form referring to Naomi. \ No newline at end of file +Here "you" is the singular form referring to Naomi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/11.md b/rut/01/11.md index d4aaaf3902..51c4eaa0d0 100644 --- a/rut/01/11.md +++ b/rut/01/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## Why will you go with me? ## +# Why will you go with me? -This is a rhetorical question. AT: "It does not make sense for you to go with me" or "You should not go with me". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This is a rhetorical question. AT: "It does not make sense for you to go with me." or "You should not go with me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## Do I still have sons in my womb for you, so that they may become your husbands? ## +# Do I still have sons in my womb for you, so that they may become your husbands? -AT: "Obviously it is not possible for me to have any more sons who could become your husbands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Naomi uses this question to say she cannot have other sons for them to marry. AT: "Obviously it is not possible for me to have any more sons who could become your husbands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## too old to have a husband ## +# too old to have a husband -AT: "too old to marry again and bear more children". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The reason a husband would be important can be stated clearly. AT: "too old to marry again and bear more children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to conceive ## +# give birth to sons -"become pregnant with." Translate this in a way that is acceptable and does not embarrass people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"bear children" or "deliver baby boys" -## "would you therefore wait till they were grown? Would you wait and not marry men now? ## +# would you therefore wait until they were grown? Would you wait and not marry men now? -These are rhetorical questions that do not expect an answer. AT: "No, of course not!" This can also be translated as "you would of course not wait until they were grown up to marry them, nor would you wait to get married again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These are rhetorical questions, which do not expect an answer. AT: "you would not wait until they were grown up so that you could marry them. You would want to marry men now." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## It greatly grieves me ## +# It greatly grieves me -AT: "that you have no husbands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +What grieves her can be stated clearly. AT: "It greatly grieves me that you have no husbands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the hand of Yahweh has turned against me ## +# the hand of Yahweh has turned against me -"Yahweh has caused terrible things to happen to me." The word "hand" is used in a figurative way to refer to Yahweh's power or influence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "hand" refers to Yahweh's power or influence. AT: "Yahweh has caused terrible things to happen to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/14.md b/rut/01/14.md index 1c45fd090b..3f45075ad6 100644 --- a/rut/01/14.md +++ b/rut/01/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## lifted up their voices and cried ## +# lifted up their voices and cried This means that they cried out loud or wept bitterly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Listen ## +# Listen -"Listen" here means "please take notice." +"Listen" here means "Please take notice." -## Ruth held on to her ## +# Ruth held on to her -"clung to her." AT: "refused to leave her" or "would not leave her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"Ruth clung to her." AT: "Ruth refused to leave her" or "Ruth would not leave her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## your sister-in-law ## +# your sister-in-law -in-law** - "the wife of your husband's brother" or "Orpah" +"the wife of your husband's brother" or "Orpah" -## her gods ## +# her gods -Before Orpah & Ruth married Naomi's sons, they worshiped the gods of Moab. During their marriage, they began to worship Naomi's God. \ No newline at end of file +Before Orpah and Ruth married Naomi's sons, they worshiped the gods of Moab. During their marriage, they began to worship Naomi's God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/16.md b/rut/01/16.md index 05efa91be5..248ff1a820 100644 --- a/rut/01/16.md +++ b/rut/01/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Where you stay ## +# where you stay -"Where you live" +"where you live" -## your people will be my people ## +# your people will be my people -"I will consider the people of your country as being my own people" or "I will consider your relatives as my own relatives." +Ruth is referring to Naomi's people, the Israelites. AT: "I will consider the people of your country as being my own people" or "I will consider your relatives as my own relatives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## May Yahweh punish me, and even more, if ## +# Where you die, I will die -This was a common Jewish expression that means "I ask God to punish me if I do not do what I say." Many languages have idioms with similar meanings that could be used here. AT: "God forbid!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This refers to Ruth's desire to spend the rest of her life living in the same place and town as Naomi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# May Yahweh punish me, and even more, if + +This refers to Ruth asking God to punish her if she does not do what she said like the english idiom "God forbid, if". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# she stopped arguing with her + +"Naomi stopped arguing with Ruth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/19.md b/rut/01/19.md index 1258c02af2..021b0b7862 100644 --- a/rut/01/19.md +++ b/rut/01/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## all the town ## +# It happened -"everyone in the town" (UDB) +"It came about." This is marking a new storyline. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) -## Naomi ## +# the entire town -This woman's name means "my delight." +The "town" refer to the people who live there. AT: "everyone in the town" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Bitter ## +# Is this Naomi? + +Since it has been many years since Naomi lived in Bethlehem and no longer has her husband and two sons, it is likely the women were expressing doubt as to if this woman was actually Naomi. Treat as a real question, not rhetorical. + +# Do not call me Naomi + +The name "Naomi" means "my delight." Since Naomi lost her husband and sons, she no longer feels her life matches her name. + +# Bitter This is a translation of the meaning of the name. It is also often translated according to its sound as "Mara." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## I went out full, but Yahweh has brought me home again empty ## +# I went out full, but Yahweh has brought me home again empty When Naomi left Bethlehem, her husband and two sons were living, and she was happy. Naomi blames Yahweh for the death of her husband and sons, saying that he has caused her to return to Bethlehem without them, and now she is bitter and unhappy. -## condemned me ## +# condemned me -“afflicted me” +"judged me guilty" -## has afflicted me ## +# has afflicted me -“has brought calamity” or “has brought tragedy” \ No newline at end of file +"has brought calamity on me" or "has brought tragedy to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/22.md b/rut/01/22.md index 1991b63be7..068a2bae83 100644 --- a/rut/01/22.md +++ b/rut/01/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## So Naomi and Ruth... ## +# So Naomi and Ruth -This is a summary of statement. English marks this by the word "so." Determine how your language marks concluding or summary statements and do the same. +This begins a summary statement. English marks this by the word "so." Determine how your language marks concluding or summary statements and do the same. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) -## at the beginning of the barley harvest ## +# at the beginning of the barley harvest -"when the farmers were just beginning to harvest their barley crop" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "the barley harvest" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "when the farmers were just beginning to harvest barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/01/intro.md b/rut/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7549924a1e --- /dev/null +++ b/rut/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Ruth 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +##### "It happened in the days when the judges ruled" ##### +The events of this book occur during the period of Judges. The book is concurrent with the book of Judges. To understand the historical context of the book, the translator may wish to review the book of Judges. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Women without a husband or children ##### +In the ancient Near East, if a woman lacked a husband or sons, she was considered to be in a dire circumstance. She would not have been able to provide for herself. This is why Naomi told her daughters to remarry. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Contrast ##### +The actions of Ruth the Moabite are intended to contrast with the actions of Naomi the Jew. Ruth shows great faith in Naomi's god, while Naomi does not trust in Yahwheh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ruth 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Ruth intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/01.md b/rut/02/01.md index 2afe18dbb8..9663c4c6a6 100644 --- a/rut/02/01.md +++ b/rut/02/01.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## And Naomi's husband ## +# Now Naomi's husband -This phrase introduces new information before the story continues. Your language may have a way to introduce new information. +This phrase introduces new information before the story continues. Your language may have a way to introduce new information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## a wealthy, influential ## +# a wealthy, influential man -"a prominent, wealthy man." This means that Boaz was prosperous and well-known in his community, with a good reputation. +"a prominent, wealthy man." This means that Boaz was prosperous and well known in his community, with a good reputation. -## And Ruth the Moabitess ## +# Ruth, the Moabite woman -Here the story resumes. you need to see how your language restarts a story after a break. +Here the story resumes. You need to see how your language restarts a story after a break. -## the Moabitess ## +# the Moabite woman This is another way of saying the woman was from the country or tribe of Moab. -## glean among the ears of grain ## +# glean what remains among the ears of grain -AT: "gather or pick up kernels of grain left behind by the harvesters." +"gather kernels of grain left behind by the harvesters" or "pick up kernels of grain left behind by the harvesters" -## ears ## +# ears "heads" or "stalks." The "ears" are the parts of a grain plant that contain the grain. -## Whose eyes I will find favor ## +# in whose eyes I will find favor -AT: "Where the owner will grant me permission to glean." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The phrase "found favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Ruth speaks of gaining someone's favor as gaining permission or approval. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts and judgement. AT: "who will grant me permission to glean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## daughter ## +# daughter -Ruth was caring for Naomi as if she was her own mother. Make sure it is possible in your language to use this word for someone who is not an actual daughter. \ No newline at end of file +Ruth was caring for Naomi as if she were her own mother. Make sure it is possible in your language to use this word for someone who is not an actual daughter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/03.md b/rut/02/03.md index 7b5b903f37..c50712f41e 100644 --- a/rut/02/03.md +++ b/rut/02/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## Behold, Boaz ## +# She happened to come + +Ruth was not aware that the field she picked to glean in belonged to Naomi's relative Boaz. + +# Behold, Boaz The word "behold" alerts us to the important event of Boaz arriving at the field. Your language may also have a specific way of introducing important events or characters. -## bless you ## +# came from Bethlehem -AT: "grant good things to you" or "make you happy." \ No newline at end of file +The fields were an unspecified distance outside of Bethlehem. + +# bless you + +"give you good things" or "make you happy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/05.md b/rut/02/05.md index 035f59e192..6a1ba80557 100644 --- a/rut/02/05.md +++ b/rut/02/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## what man does this young woman belong to? ## +# What man does this young woman belong to? -Boaz was asking whose family Ruth belonged to. +Possible meanings are 1) Boaz was asking about Ruth's husband or 2) Boaz was asking about Ruth's parents or current guardians. -## supervising ## +# supervising -AT: "in charge of" or "managing." +"in charge of" or "managing" -## house ## +# house "hut" or "shelter." This was a temporary shelter or garden hut in the field that provided shade from the sun. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/08.md b/rut/02/08.md index 6bde69061a..943c7efc9e 100644 --- a/rut/02/08.md +++ b/rut/02/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Are you listening to me ## +# Are you listening to me, my daughter -AT: "Listen to me" or "Note well what I am telling you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be reworded as a command. AT: "Listen to me, my daughter!" or "Note well what I am telling you, my daughter!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## my daughter ## +# my daughter -This was a way of respectfully and kindly addressing a younger woman. Ruth was not the actual daughter of Boaz, so make sure the translation of this does not make it sound like she was. +This was a kind way of addressing a younger woman. Ruth was not the actual daughter of Boaz, so make sure the translation of this does not make it sound like she was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Keep your eyes only on ## +# Keep your eyes only on the field -AT: "Pay attention to" or "Do not worry about anything else but." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The eyes represent watching something or paying attention to something. AT: "Watch only the field" or "Pay attention only to the field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Haven't I instructed the men ## +# Have I not instructed the men ... you? -AT: "I have instructed the young men." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Boaz used this question to emphasize what he had already done to help Ruth. AT: "I have given the men strict instructions ... you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## men ## +# men ... the other women -"young male workers." This term is used three times to refer to the young men who are harvesting in the field. Some languages can say this using one word and they have a different word that means young women workers. +"young male workers ... young female workers." The word "men" is used three times to refer to the young men who are harvesting in the field. Some languages can say this using one word, and they have a different word that means young women workers. -## drawn ## +# not to touch you -To "draw water" means to pull up water from a well or to take it out of a storage vessel. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the men were not to harm Ruth or 2) the men were not to stop her from gleaning in his field. + +# the water that the men have drawn + +To draw water means to pull up water from a well or to take it out of a storage vessel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/10.md b/rut/02/10.md index 53d045bb79..1ce3de39e2 100644 --- a/rut/02/10.md +++ b/rut/02/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## she bowed down before Boaz, touching her head to the ground ## +# she bowed down before Boaz, touching her head to the ground These are acts of respect and reverence. She was showing honor to Boaz out of gratefulness for what he had done for her. It was also a posture of humility. -## foreigner ## +# Why have I found such favor ... a foreigner? + +Ruth is asking a real question. + +# foreigner Ruth had pledged her loyalty to the God of Israel in private, but she was known publicly as "the Moabitess." -## It has been reported to me ## +# It has been reported to me -AT: "People have reported to me" or "People have told me." The phrase emphasizes the certainty of the statement. +This can be stated in active form. AT: "People have reported to me" or "People have told me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## reward you ## +# to come to a people -“repay you” or "pay you back" +Boaz is referring to Ruth coming to dwell with Naomi in a village and community, a country, and religion she did not know. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## May you receive full payment from Yahweh ## +# reward you -This is a poetic expression that is very similar to the previous sentence. AT: "May Yahweh give back to you even more than you have given." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"repay you" or "pay you back" -## under whose wings you have found refuge ## +# for your deed -Boaz uses the picture of a mother bird gathering her chicks under her wings to protect them to describe God's protection for those who trust in him. AT: "in whose safe care you have placed yourself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is an act of faith, choosing to live with Naomi in Bethlehem and trusting Naomi's God. + +# May you receive full payment from Yahweh + +This is a poetic expression that is very similar to the previous sentence. AT: "May Yahweh give back to you even more than you have given" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# under whose wings you have found refuge + +Boaz uses the picture of a mother bird gathering her chicks under her wings to protect them, in order to describe God's protection for those who trust in him. AT: "in whose safe care you have placed yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/13.md b/rut/02/13.md index f1f1c05b4c..20dad43171 100644 --- a/rut/02/13.md +++ b/rut/02/13.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## let me find favor in your sight ## +# Let me find favor in your eyes -"let me receive grace from you" or "please accept me" \ No newline at end of file +Here "find favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. AT: "Please accept me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I am not one of your female servants + +Possible meanings are 1) Ruth was not one of Boaz's female servants or 2) Ruth did not think her marriage to Naomi's son granted her any privilege in Bethlehem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/14.md b/rut/02/14.md index 039cd34fa6..cc9466485e 100644 --- a/rut/02/14.md +++ b/rut/02/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## at mealtime ## +# At mealtime This refers to the noontime meal. -## dip your morsel in the wine vinegar ## +# dip your morsel in the wine vinegar -This was a simple meal eaten in the field. People would sit on the ground around a cloth that had a bowl of wine vinegar (see next note) and plates of broken bread on it. They would dip their bread in the vinegar bowl to wet it and add flavor before they ate it. +This was a simple meal eaten in the field. People would sit on the ground around a cloth that had a bowl of wine vinegar on it and plates of broken bread. They would dip their bread in the vinegar bowl to wet it and add flavor before they ate it. -## wine vinegar ## +# wine vinegar a sauce that bread was dipped in. The Israelites further fermented some of their wine to make vinegar. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/15.md b/rut/02/15.md index 77ad7958ca..b0f3e6b020 100644 --- a/rut/02/15.md +++ b/rut/02/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## When she got up to glean, Boaz commanded his young men ## +# As she got up to gather up grain, Boaz commanded his young men -In the context of the commands, it is likely that Ruth was far enough away not to hear Boaz's instructions. AT: "And when Ruth got up to glean, Boaz privately told his young men." +In the context of the commands, it is likely that Ruth was far enough away not to hear Boaz's instructions. AT: "And when Ruth got up to gather up grain, Boaz privately told his young men" -## even among the sheaves ## +# As she got up -"even" here denotes "above and beyond what one normally does." Boaz instructs his workers to let Ruth glean around the bundles of grain. People who were gleaning were normally forbidden from working that close to the harvested grain. +"As she stood up" -## pull out some sheaves for her from the bundles ## +# even among the bundles -AT: "take some stalks of grain out of the bundles and leave it for her" or "intentionally leave behind stalks of grain for her to collect." +Here "even" denotes "above and beyond what one normally does." Boaz instructs his workers to let Ruth glean around the bundles of grain. People who were gleaning were normally forbidden from working that close to the harvested grain. -## do not rebuke ## +# pull out for her some ears of grain from the bundles -AT: "do not cause her shame" or "do not dishonor her." \ No newline at end of file +"take some stalks of grain out of the bundles and leave them for her" or "leave behind stalks of grain for her to collect" + +# do not rebuke her + +"do not cause her shame" or "do not dishonor her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/17.md b/rut/02/17.md index 547d7e1a86..eeb1fd4d04 100644 --- a/rut/02/17.md +++ b/rut/02/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## beat out ## +# beat out -"threshed." This is the process of separating the edible part of the grain from the hull and stalk that must be thrown away. +She separated the edible part of the grain from the hull and stalk, which is thrown away. -## about an ephah of barley ## +# ears of grain -"about 13 kilos of barley" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalvolume]]) +This refers to the eatable part of the grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## her mother-in-law saw ## +# about an ephah of barley -in-law saw** - "Naomi saw" \ No newline at end of file +An ephah is a unit of measurement equal to about 22 liters. AT: "about 22 liters of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) + +# She lifted it up and went into the city + +It is implied that Ruth carried the grain home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# her mother-in-law saw + +"Naomi saw" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/19.md b/rut/02/19.md index 27be176350..6592c4d2d1 100644 --- a/rut/02/19.md +++ b/rut/02/19.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## "Where have you gleaned today. Where did you go to work? ## +# Where have you gleaned today? Where did you go to work? -The Hebrews often repeated thing in different words as a way of emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Naomi said almost the same thing in two different ways to show that she was very interested in knowing what had happened to Ruth that day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## who not left off his loyalty ## +# he be blessed by Yahweh -"has continued to be loyal." Boaz remembered his obligations to Naomi as a family member. But here, Naomi is probably referring to Yahweh, who was acting through Boaz in order to show his favor and kindness to them in their need. +Naomi is asking God to reward Boaz for his kindness to Ruth and herself. -## to the living ## +# who has not left off his loyalty + +"who has continued to be loyal." Possible meanings are 1) Boaz remembered his obligations to Naomi as a family member or 2) Naomi is referring to Yahweh, who was acting through Boaz or 3) Yahweh has continued to be faithful to the living and the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# to the living "to the people who are still living." Naomi and Ruth were the "living." -## the dead ## +# the dead -"the people who have already died." Naomi's husband and sons were the "dead." +Naomi's husband and sons were the "dead." This can be stated differently to remove the nominal adjective "the dead." AT: "the people who have already died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -## near kin to us, one of our kinsmen-redeemers ## +# near of kin to us, one of our kinsman-redeemers -redeemers** - The second phrase repeats and expands the first. This is a Hebrew style of emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +The second phrase repeats and expands the first. This is a Hebrew style of emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## kinsmen-redeemers ## +# kinsman-redeemers -redeemers** - A kinsman-redeemer was a close male relative that could rescue a childless widow from financial ruin by marrying her and having a child with her. He would also reacquire the land his relatives had lost due to poverty and redeem family members who had sold themselves into slavery. \ No newline at end of file +A kinsman-redeemer was a close male relative who could rescue a childless widow from financial ruin by marrying her and having a child with her. He would also reacquire the land his relatives had lost due to poverty and redeem family members who had sold themselves into slavery. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/21.md b/rut/02/21.md index 5fd516646e..d041c04963 100644 --- a/rut/02/21.md +++ b/rut/02/21.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Indeed, he said to me ## +# Indeed, he said to me -"he even said to me." This indicates that what follows is the most important part of Boaz's words to Ruth. +"He even said to me." This indicates that what follows is the most important part of Boaz's words to Ruth. -## go out with ## +# keep close to my young men + +Boaz was referring to the physical protection his men can provide her. + +# go out with "work with" -## come to harm ## +# come to harm -Possible meanings are 1) other workers might abuse Ruth physically or sexually or 2) in another field, the owner might interfere or stop her from gleaning until the end of the harvest. \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) other workers might abuse Ruth or try to seize her and sleep with her or 2) in another field, the owner might interfere or stop her from gleaning until the end of the harvest. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/23.md b/rut/02/23.md index f3b9185ea7..3b1cbecf65 100644 --- a/rut/02/23.md +++ b/rut/02/23.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## she stayed close ## +# she stayed close -Ruth worked in Boaz fields with his workers during the day so she would be safe. +Ruth worked in Boaz's fields with his workers during the day, so she would be safe. -## And she was living with her mother-in-law ## +# She lived with her mother-in-law -in-law** - Ruth went to Naomi's home to sleep at night. \ No newline at end of file +Ruth went to Naomi's home to sleep at night. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/intro.md b/rut/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c523ffb178 --- /dev/null +++ b/rut/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Ruth 02 General Notes # + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "Do not go and glean in another field" ##### +Boaz said this because he could not guarantee their safety in another person's field. It is assumed that not everyone was as gracious and obedient to the law of Moses as Boaz. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ruth 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/01.md b/rut/03/01.md index 3583bd9b6e..8ce91fa7f4 100644 --- a/rut/03/01.md +++ b/rut/03/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## mother-in-law ## +# mother-in-law -in-law** - Naomi is the mother of Ruth's dead husband. +Naomi is the mother of Ruth's dead husband. -## my daughter ## +# My daughter -Ruth became Naomi's daughter by marrying her son and by her actions in caring for Naomi after returning to Bethlehem. +Ruth became Naomi's daughter by marrying her son and further by her actions in caring for Naomi after returning to Bethlehem. -## should I not seek a place for you ## +# should I not seek a place for you? -AT: "I must look for a place for you" or "I must find a husband to care for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Naomi used this question to tell Ruth what she planned to do. AT: "I must look for a place for you!" or "I must find a husband to care for you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## is he not our kinsman? ## +# a place for you to rest -AT: "He is certainly our relative." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are 1) literally in finding a house for her to live in or 2) figuratively in finding a husband to care for her. Naomi probably had both senses in mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Look ## +# female workers you have been with -This term indicates that the following statement is very important. \ No newline at end of file +The translation can make explicit that she was working in the fields with these female workers. AT: "female workers you have been with in the fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# is he not our kinsman? + +Naomi probably used this question to remind Ruth of something she had already told her. AT: "he is our relative." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Look + +This term indicates that the following statement is very important. + +# winnowing + +To winnow means to separate grain from the unwanted chaff by tossing both the grain and chaff into the air, allowing the wind to blow the chaff away. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/03.md b/rut/03/03.md index a7f89a06e0..9948656087 100644 --- a/rut/03/03.md +++ b/rut/03/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## uncover his feet ## +# anoint yourself -to remove the cloak or blanket covering his feet so that they would be exposed to the cold. +This is probably a reference to rubbing sweet-smelling oil on oneself, much as women put on perfume today. -## Lie down there ## +# go down to the threshing floor + +This refers to leaving the city and heading to the threshing area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# uncover his feet + +This means to remove the cloak or blanket covering his feet so that they would be exposed to the cold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) + +# lie down there "lie down at his feet" -## Then he will tell you what to do. ## +# Then he will tell you what to do -The specific custom of that time is unclear, but this is usually understood as culturally acceptable way for a woman to tell a man that she was willing to marry him. Boaz would understand the custom and accept or reject her offer. +The specific custom of that time is unclear, but this is usually understood as a culturally acceptable way for a woman to tell a man that she was willing to marry him. Boaz would understand the custom and accept or reject her offer. -## Then he will ## +# Then he will "When he wakes up, he will" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/06.md b/rut/03/06.md index 2ac4499cb9..ba9e04c625 100644 --- a/rut/03/06.md +++ b/rut/03/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## his heart was merry ## +# his heart was merry -"he was satisfied" or "he was in a good mood." It does not imply Boaz was drunk. +Here Boaz is referred to by his heart. It does not imply Boaz was overly drunk. AT: "he was satisfied" or "he was in a good mood." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## she came softly ## +# she came softly "she sneaked in" or "she came in quietly so no one would hear her" -## uncovered his feet ## +# uncovered his feet "removed his blanket from his feet" -## lay down ## +# lay down "lay down at his feet" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/08.md b/rut/03/08.md index 14dafdb0af..e678c395c0 100644 --- a/rut/03/08.md +++ b/rut/03/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## It came about ## +# It came about This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -## at midnight ## +# at midnight "in the middle of the night" -## was startled ## +# was startled It is not clear what startled Boaz. Perhaps he suddenly felt the cold air on his feet. -## a woman was lying at his feet ## +# He turned over + +He looked to see what startled him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# a woman was lying at his feet The woman was Ruth, but Boaz could not recognize her in the darkness. -## your female servant ## +# your female servant Ruth spoke with humility to Boaz. -## Spread your cloak over ## +# Spread your cloak over your female servant -This was a cultural Idiom for marriage. AT: "marry me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This was a cultural idiom for marriage. AT: "Marry me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## near kinsman ## +# near kinsman -a close relative with special responsibilities toward their extended family. \ No newline at end of file +a close relative with special responsibilities toward their extended family \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/10.md b/rut/03/10.md index 3ea8fdfc02..ab8bf5538d 100644 --- a/rut/03/10.md +++ b/rut/03/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## my daughter ## +# my daughter -Boaz used this expression as a sign of respect towards Ruth as a younger woman. +Boaz used this expression as a sign of respect toward Ruth as a younger woman. -## more kindness in the latter end than at the beginning ## +# more kindness in the latter end than at the beginning "even more kindness now than before" -## more kindness in the later end ## +# more kindness in the latter end This refers to Ruth asking Boaz to marry her. By marrying Naomi's relative, Ruth would provide for Naomi and demonstrate great kindness to Naomi. -## because you have not gone after ## +# at the beginning -"instead of goin after." Ruth could have ignored Naomi's need and looked for a husband for herself outside of Naomi's relatives. +This refers to the way Ruth had earlier provided for her mother-in-law by staying with her and gleaning grain for food for them. -## at the beginning ## +# because you have not gone after -This refers to the way Ruth had earlier provided for her mother-in-law by staying with her and gleaning grain for food for them. \ No newline at end of file +"you have not pursued marriage with." Ruth could have ignored Naomi's need and looked for a husband for herself outside of Naomi's relatives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/12.md b/rut/03/12.md index aef805a0b6..9a39f05cfa 100644 --- a/rut/03/12.md +++ b/rut/03/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## kinsman nearer than I ## +# kinsman nearer than I It was the duty of the closest male relative to help the widow. -## do the duty of a kinsman ## +# if he will perform for you the duty of a kinsman -The duty of a kinsman is to marry the widow and father children for their dead relative. +Boaz is referring to the expectation that the closest male relative of Ruth's dead husband would marry her and help carry on his family name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## by the life of Yahweh ## +# by the life of Yahweh -"as surely as Yahweh lives." This was a common form of a Hebrew vow. \ No newline at end of file +"as surely as Yahweh lives." This was a common Hebrew vow. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/14.md b/rut/03/14.md index d7145b47f3..2a4dd97013 100644 --- a/rut/03/14.md +++ b/rut/03/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## before anyone could recognize another person ## +# she lay at his feet -AT: "while it was still dark." +Ruth slept at Boaz' feet. They did not have sex. -## shawl ## +# before anyone could recognize another person -a piece of cloth worn over the shoulders. +This time of day can be spoken of in terms of darkness. AT: "while it was still dark" -## six large measures of barley ## +# shawl + +a piece of cloth worn over the shoulders + +# six large measures of barley The actual amount is not stated. It was enough to be considered generous, yet small enough for Ruth to carry alone. Some think it was about 30 kilograms. -## put it on her ## +# put the load on her The amount of grain was so great that Ruth needed help picking it up to carry it. -## Then he went into the city ## +# Then he went into the city -Most manuscripts have "he went," but some have "she went". English versions are divided. The preferred choice is "he went." \ No newline at end of file +Most ancient copies have "he went," but some have "she went." There are English versions with both. The better choice is "he went." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/16.md b/rut/03/16.md index 3278e18eb0..7c0a2e0119 100644 --- a/rut/03/16.md +++ b/rut/03/16.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## How did you do? ## +# How did you do, my daughter? -AT: "How did it go?" or "What happened?" +What Ruth meant by this question can be made more clear. AT: "What happened, my daughter?" or "How did Boaz act toward you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## do not go empty ## +# all that the man had done -"do not go empty-handed" or "do not go with nothing" +"all that Boaz had done" -## finished this thing ## +# Do not go empty + +"Do not go empty-handed" or "Do not go with nothing" or "Be sure to take something" + +# finished this thing This refers to the decision about who will buy Naomi's property and marry Ruth. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/03/intro.md b/rut/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5ddd6f4bc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/rut/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Ruth 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Boaz's integrity ##### +Boaz showed great integrity in this chapter by not having sexual relations with Ruth. He was also concerned with how people would see Ruth if they caught her in this position. Boaz's character is important for this story. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "So that things may go well for you" ##### +Naomi attempted to make Ruth desirable to Boaz so that he would want to marry her. Even though she was a Gentile by birth, Boaz could marry her because she was, by marriage, Naomi's daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Ruth 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/01.md b/rut/04/01.md index 59d0138ae5..03f08af00e 100644 --- a/rut/04/01.md +++ b/rut/04/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## gate ## +# gate -"gate of the city" or "gate of Bethlehem." This was the main entrance to the walled town of Bethlehem. There was an open area by the gate which was used as a meeting place to discuss community matters. +"gate of the city" or "gate of Bethlehem." This was the main entrance to the walled town of Bethlehem. There was an open area by the gate that was used as a meeting place to discuss community matters. -## elders of the city ## +# the near kinsman + +This was the closest living relative to Elimelek. + +# elders of the city "leaders of the city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/03.md b/rut/04/03.md index aaf6970c5a..cf7804efed 100644 --- a/rut/04/03.md +++ b/rut/04/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Naomi...is selling the parcel of land ## +# Naomi ... is selling the parcel of land -It was the responsibility of the kinsman to his relative's land and to care for his family. In this case, it meant the man must buy Naomi's land, marry Ruth, and care for Naomi. +It was the responsibility of the kinsman to buy back his relative's land and to care for his family. In this case, it meant the man must buy Naomi's land, marry Ruth, and care for Naomi. -## in the presence of ## +# in the presence of This would make the transaction legal and binding. -## Redeem it ## +# redeem it This meant to buy the land to keep it within their family. -## I am after you ## +# I am after you Boaz was the next kinsman in line to redeem the land. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/05.md b/rut/04/05.md index 7fb89e0612..7a5c9d6789 100644 --- a/rut/04/05.md +++ b/rut/04/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## On the day that you buy…you must also ## +# On the day that you buy ... you must also Boaz uses this expression to inform his relative of the additional responsibility he will have if he buys the land. -## from the hand of Naomi ## +# from the hand of Naomi -AT: "from the ownership of Naomi." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the word "hand" represents Naomi, who owns the field. AT: "from Naomi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## Ruth…wife of the dead man ## +# you must also take Ruth -"Ruth…the widow of Elimelech's son" +"you must also marry Ruth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## to raise up the name of the dead ## +# Ruth ... the widow of a dead man -"that she may have a son to inherit the property and carry on the name of her dead husband" (UDB) +"Ruth ... the widow of Elimelek's son" -## damaging my own inheritance ## +# to raise up the name of the dead -He would have to give some his own wealth to the children that Ruth may bear. +"that she may have a son to inherit the property and carry on the name of her dead husband" -## You take my right of redemption ## +# damaging my own inheritance -"You redeem it yourself" or "You redeem it instead of me" \ No newline at end of file +He would have to give some of his own wealth to the children that Ruth might bear. + +# You take my right of redemption for yourself + +"You redeem it yourself" or "You yourself redeem it instead of me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/07.md b/rut/04/07.md index 24d0c4b142..190c55e239 100644 --- a/rut/04/07.md +++ b/rut/04/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Now this was the custom... ## +# Now this was the custom -The writer of the book inserts an explanation of the custom for the readers. +The writer of the book explains of the custom of exchange during the time of Ruth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## from former times ## +# in former times -"from earlier times." This implies that the customs had changed from when the story took place until the book was written. +"in earlier times." This implies that the customs had changed from when the story took place until the book was written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## shoe ## +# shoe "sandal" -## his neighbor ## +# his neighbor -This refers to the person with whom he was making the agreement. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to the person with whom he was making the agreement. In this situation the near kinsman gave Boaz his shoe. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/09.md b/rut/04/09.md index 8b3cd07402..e5771d38e7 100644 --- a/rut/04/09.md +++ b/rut/04/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -## to the elders and to all the people ## +# to the elders and to all the people This refers to all the people who were present at the meeting place, not to everyone in the town. -## all that was Elimelech's and all that was Chilion's and Mahlon's ## +# all that was Elimelek's and all that was Kilion's and Mahlon's This refers to all the land and possessions of Naomi's dead husband and sons. -## raise up the name of the dead man ## +# from the hand of Naomi -The first son that Ruth bore would be legally considered Mahlon's son and would inherit the land that Boaz bought from Naomi. +The hand of Naomi represents Naomi. She was responsible for the money exchange. AT: "from Naomi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## so that his name will not be cut off ## +# in order that I might raise up the name of the dead man on his inheritance -AT: "so that he will not be left without a descendant." +The first son that Ruth bore would be legally considered Mahlon's son and would inherit the land that Boaz bought from Naomi. AT: "so that I might give her a son who will inherit the dead man's property" -## from the gate of his place ## +# so that his name will not be cut off from among his brothers and from the gate of his place -"among the people of his hometown of Bethlehem" \ No newline at end of file +Being forgotten is spoken of as if one's name were being cut off from a list of people who had lived earlier. AT: "so that he will not be forgotten by his brothers' descendants and the people of this town" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the gate of his place + +The gate of the town is where important legal decisions were made, such as decisions about who owns a piece of land. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/11.md b/rut/04/11.md index 7dad99e038..34cac80a29 100644 --- a/rut/04/11.md +++ b/rut/04/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## people who were in the gate ## +# people who were in the gate -"people that were meeting together near the gate" +"people who were meeting together near the gate" -## like Rachel and like Leah ## +# come into your house -These were the two wives of Jacob whose name was changed to Israel. +This has literal and figurative meaning. As Ruth marries Boaz, she will move into his house. House can also refer to becoming part of Boaz's family by being his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Built up the house of Israel ## +# like Rachel and Leah -"bore many children that became the nation of Israel" +These were the two wives of Jacob, whose name was changed to Israel. -## may you prosper in Ephrathath ## +# built up the house of Israel -Ephrathath is the name of the clan to which Boaz belonged in Bethlehem. +"bore many children who became the nation of Israel" -## May your house be like… ## +# may you prosper in Ephrathah -God abundantly blessed Judah through his son Perez. The people were asking God to bless Boaz in a similar way through Ruth's children. +Ephrathah is the name of the clan to which Boaz belonged in Bethlehem. -## Tamar bore to Judah ## +# May your house be like + +God abundantly blessed Judah through his son Perez. The people were asking God to bless Boaz in a similar way through Ruth's children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Tamar bore to Judah Tamar was also a widow. Judah fathered a son with her, which continued the family name. -## through the offspring that Yahweh will give you ## +# through the offspring that Yahweh will give you Yahweh would give Boaz children through Ruth. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/13.md b/rut/04/13.md index 2335360fc9..3899f5b681 100644 --- a/rut/04/13.md +++ b/rut/04/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## Boaz took Ruth ## +# Boaz took Ruth "Boaz married Ruth" or "Boaz took Ruth as a wife" -## he slept with her ## +# He slept with her -This is a polite way of saying that Boaz and Ruth had sexual relations. Many languages have acceptable ways of expressing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a euphemism that refers to having sexual intercourse. AT: "He had sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## let his name be famous ## +# who has not left you today without a near kinsman + +This phrase can be expressed positively. AT: "who has provided you today with a near kinsman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# May his name be famous This refers to the reputation and character of Naomi's grandson. -## a restorer of life ## +# a restorer of life -This phrase probably refers to how Naomi will again experience joy and hope in her life as a result of having a new grandson. AT: "one who bring joy to you again" or "He will make you feel young again" (UDB). +This phrase probably refers to how Naomi will again experience joy and hope in her life as a result of having a new grandson. AT: "one who brings joy to you again" or "one who will make you feel young again" -## a nourisher of your old age ## +# a nourisher of your old age -"he will take care of you when you become old" (UDB) +"he will take care of you when you become old" -## better to you than seven sons ## +# better to you than seven sons -"Seven" was the Hebrew number of completeness. Naomi's sons both died before they produced any offspring, but Ruth bore a grandson to Naomi by Boaz. AT: "better to you than any son." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Seven" was the Hebrew number of completeness. Naomi's sons both died before they produced any offspring, but Ruth bore a grandson to Naomi by Boaz. AT: "better to you than any son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/16.md b/rut/04/16.md index 4f21a69efa..18c0eb874a 100644 --- a/rut/04/16.md +++ b/rut/04/16.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Naomi took the child ## +# Naomi took the child This refers to Naomi holding the child. Make sure it does not sound like she took him away from Ruth. -## laid him in her bosom ## +# laid him in her bosom "held him close against her chest." This is a statement of love and affection for the child. -## A son has been born to Naomi ## +# A son has been born to Naomi "The child is like a son to Naomi." It was understood that the child was Naomi's grandson, not her physical son. -## father of David ## +# father of David -"father of King David". Though "king" is not stated, it was clear to the original audience that David was the King David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"father of King David." Though "king" is not stated, it was clear to the original audience that David was King David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/18.md b/rut/04/18.md index 6b82ec70b0..d7037a7c95 100644 --- a/rut/04/18.md +++ b/rut/04/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## the descendants of Perez ## +# the descendants of Perez -"the successive descendants." Since it was mentioned earlier that Perez was the son of Judah, the writer continues listing the family line that came from Perez. +"the successive descendants." Because it was mentioned earlier that Perez was the son of Judah, the writer continues listing the family line that came from Perez. -## Hezron…Ram… ## +# Hezron ... Ram (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/04/intro.md b/rut/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..604a4b6e5a --- /dev/null +++ b/rut/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Ruth 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### King David ##### +Despite being a Moabitess, Ruth became an ancestor of David. David was Israel's greatest king. It is shocking a Gentile would become a part of such an important lineage. She had great faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "You must also take Ruth the Moabitess" ##### +Because Naomi had no son, her daughter-in-law Ruth needed to be provided for. Therefore, the relative who wanted to use her land had to also help Ruth to have a son who would come to provide for her. + +##### "This was the custom in former times" ##### +This is a comment made by the writer of the text. He functions as a narrator in this instance. It indicates that there was a considerable period of time between the events that occurred and the time they were written down. +## Links: ## + +* __[Ruth 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/front/intro.md b/rut/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c645bf490d --- /dev/null +++ b/rut/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +# Introduction to Ruth # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of Ruth #### + +1. Naomi and Elimelek leave Bethlehem and go to Moab (1:1–5) +1. Orpah leaves for Moab but Ruth chooses to stay with Naomi (1:6–18) +1. Naomi and Ruth return to Bethlehem (1:19–22) +1. Boaz helps Ruth (2:1–23) +1. Boaz begins to assume responsibility for Ruth, but seeks to follow the rules of the "kinsman-redeemer," (3:1–18) +1. Boaz becomes the "kinsman-redeemer" by buying the field owned by Naomi and taking Ruth as his wife (4:1–16) +1. The birth of Ruth's son with Boaz and the genealogy of Obed (4:17–22) + +#### What is the Book of Ruth about? #### + +This book tells how Ruth, a non-Israelite woman from the land of Moab, came to join the people of Yahweh. The book also explains how Ruth became an ancestor of King David. + +In this account, the reader finds the blessings that came when God's people faithfully followed his covenant. The story of Ruth has many lessons about faith, fidelity, self-sacrifice, and integrity. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators should use a self-explanatory title such as, "The Book about Ruth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### When did the events in the Book of Ruth occur? #### + +The story of Ruth is set during the time when there were "judges" in Israel. These were leaders over Israel or parts of Israel both in time of war and in time of peace. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## +#### Why does Scripture include a book about a woman from the foreign land of Moab? #### + +In a period when Israel is often unfaithful to Yahweh, Yahweh finds a woman from Moab who displays great faith in him. The Israelites' frequent lack of faith in Yahweh is contrasted with the faith of one of their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unfaithful]]) + +#### What important marriage custom is found in the Book of Ruth? #### + +Israelites practiced what is called "levirate marriage." This was a custom for the closest male relative to provide for a childless widow by marrying her. Any children coming from this union were to be regarded as children of the dead man, so that his line of descendants would continue. If the closest relative did not marry the woman, another relative could. + +#### What was a "kinsman-redeemer"? #### + +A person's close relative or relatives were expected to act as "kinsmen-redeemers" for him or her. They had the responsibility of providing for their relative who was in need, such as the widow Ruth. In other situations, they had the responsibility of taking revenge on anyone who dared to injure or kill one of their relatives. In the Book of Ruth, Boaz is one such kinsman-redeemer. + +#### What was gleaning in the Book of Ruth? #### + +There was a practice instituted in the law of Moses called gleaning. Gleaning occurred when very poor people were allowed to follow after the men who harvested a field. These "gleaners" picked up sheaves of grain that the harvesters missed or dropped by accident. In this way, poor people were able to find some food for themselves. Ruth became a gleaner in a field belonging to Boaz. + +#### What is the concept of covenant faith or covenant loyalty? #### + +This concept, which is very important in the Book of Ruth, is what parties in God's covenant with Israel were expected to have for each other: faithfulness and, therefore, even mercy and love. God promised that he would act in faithfulness and love for the Israelites, and the Israelites were to do the same toward him and toward each other. + +In the Book of Ruth, the obligations of kinsmen-redeemers to their relatives are shown to be part of the obligations in God's covenant with Israel. The story of Boaz, Ruth and Naomi gives good examples to all of Israel of the good effects of covenant faithfulness. + +#### What function did city gates have in the Ancient Near East? #### + +City gates in the time of Boaz were natural meeting places for the city elders, honored men who decided business matters and legal matters together. Because city walls were very substantial, perhaps two to three meters in width, the gateway openings in them provided public spaces that were shady, spaces that were often much more comfortable to sit in, rather than in the hot sunshine. For this reason, although English Bible versions usually speak of Boaz sitting "at" the city gate to discuss who would marry Ruth, he and the other elders undoubtedly actually sat "in" the gateway itself. It may be best for the translator to make this clear. + + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How does Ruth shift from one topic to another topic? #### + +The book of Ruth has many transitions as it changes topics and marks new episodes in the story. The ULB uses various words for this purpose such as "so," "then" and "now." Translators should use the ways most natural in their own languages to signal these developments in the narrative. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/01.md b/sng/01/01.md index d5c1f8b1ff..b384c068d1 100644 --- a/sng/01/01.md +++ b/sng/01/01.md @@ -1,42 +1,59 @@ -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -Part One of the book begins in 1:2. +# General Information: -## The Song of Songs ## +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] + +# General Information: + +Part One of the book begins in [Song of Solomon 1:2](./01.md). + +# The Song of Songs "The Best Song" or "The Most Excellent Song" -## which is Solomon’s ## +# which is Solomon's -"which is about Solomon" or "which Solomon composed" +Possible meanings are "which is about Solomon" or "which Solomon composed." -## Your anointing oils ## +# your love is better than wine + +"I enjoy having you near me more than I enjoy drinking wine" + +# Your anointing oils "The oils that you put on your body" -## have a delightful fragrance ## +# have a delightful fragrance "smell wonderful" -## your name is like flowing perfume ## +# your name is like flowing perfume -The woman realizes that her lover has a good reputation. AT: "your name is wonderful like the smell of oil that someone has poured out." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Perfume has a good smell that spreads as the air moves. The name is either a metonym for 1) the person's reputation, what other people think of him. Here the speaker says that people always think that the hearer is a good person, or 2) the person himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Take me with you ## +# Take me with you -"Bring me along with you." The word "you" refers to the lover. +"Bring me along with you." The word "you" refers to the man. -## we will run ## +# Take -The word "we" refers to the young woman together with her lover. +"Pull" or "Drag." Here the woman described as being like a captive who is willing to follow her captor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## about you ## +# we will run + +The word "we" refers to the young woman together with the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# We are glad ... We rejoice ... let us celebrate + +The woman speaks of herself as if she were more than one person. Many versions change the pronoun to "I" as the UDB does. Other versions think these are the words of the woman's friends speaking about either the woman or the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# about you "because of you" -## let me celebrate ## +# let us celebrate -"let me praise" +"let us praise" -## It is natural for the other women to adore you ## +# It is natural for the other women to adore you -"All who love you are right" \ No newline at end of file +"Women who adore you are doing as they should do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/05.md b/sng/01/05.md index bd579346ad..208b47f9f5 100644 --- a/sng/01/05.md +++ b/sng/01/05.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## I am dark but lovely ## +# I am dark but lovely -"My skin is dark, but I am still beautiful" +"My skin is dark, but I am still beautiful" or "Even though my skin is dark, I am beautiful" -## dark like the tents of Kedar ## +# daughters of Jerusalem + +"young women of Jerusalem." These young women could not hear her and were not present, but the woman speaks as if they were present and could hear her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# dark like the tents of Kedar The nomadic tribes in Kedar used black goat skins to build their homes. The woman is comparing her skin to these tents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## lovely like the curtains of Solomon ## +# lovely like the curtains of Solomon -She compares her skin to the beautiful curtains Solomon produced either for his own palace or for the Temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Solomon produced beautiful curtains either for his own palace or for the Temple. She says that her skin is beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## scorched ## +# scorched -"burned" +This exaggeration for "burned" or "made black" refers to the sun changing her skin from light to dark. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## My mother’s sons ## +# My mother's sons "My half-brothers." These brothers probably had the same mother as the woman but not the same father. -## keeper of the vineyards ## +# made me keeper of the vineyards -"the person who took care of the vineyards" +"made me take care of the vineyards" -## but my own vineyard I have not kept ## +# but my own vineyard I have not kept -The woman compares herself to a vineyard. AT: "but I have not been able to take care of myself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The woman compares herself to a vineyard. AT: "but I have not been able to take care of myself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/07.md b/sng/01/07.md index 12e574889b..e89bc1b68b 100644 --- a/sng/01/07.md +++ b/sng/01/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## whom my soul loves ## +# my soul loves -AT: "whom I love." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The soul is a metonym for the person. AT: "I love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## feed your flock ## +# feed your flock "graze your flocks" -## rest your flock ## +# rest your flock "have your flock lie down" -## Why should I be like some who wanders ## +# Why should I be like someone who wanders beside the flocks of your companions? -AT: "Tell me so that I will not need to wander around among the flocks of your companions when I am looking for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The woman asks this question to emphasize that she has a closer relationship to the man than other women do. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me so that I will not need to wander around among the flocks of your companions when I am looking for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## wanders ## +# wanders -"goes all around" +"goes all around." She does not want to have to look for the man. Perhaps she is afraid other men will think she is a prostitute looking for business. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## companions ## +# companions "friends" or "co-workers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/08.md b/sng/01/08.md index 237794fc63..f4264a03fb 100644 --- a/sng/01/08.md +++ b/sng/01/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## follow the tracks of my flock ## +# most beautiful among women + +"you who are the most beautiful of all women" + +# follow the tracks of my flock "follow along behind the flock" -## tracks ## +# tracks marks of the hooves of the flock on the ground -## pasture your young goats ## +# pasture your young goats "graze your young goats" or "let your young goats eat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/09.md b/sng/01/09.md index 155ca057e4..91b19d439b 100644 --- a/sng/01/09.md +++ b/sng/01/09.md @@ -1,17 +1,27 @@ -The woman's lover continues speaking. +# General Information: -## my love ## +The man continues speaking to the woman. -"the one whom I love" +# I compare you, my love, to a mare among Pharaoh's chariot horses -## to a mare among Pharaoh’s chariot horses ## +The Jews of those days considered horses beautiful, and the Pharaoh's horses would have been the most beautiful he could find. The man considers the young woman beautiful. AT: "My love, you are as beautiful as any of Pharaoh's chariot horses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -The lover compares the young woman to a beautiful female horse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# my love -## Pharaoh’s chariot horses ## +"you whom I love" -"Pharaoh's horses that pull chariots" +# Pharaoh's chariot horses -## with silver studs ## +"the horses that pull Pharaoh's chariots" + +# Your cheeks are beautiful with ornaments + +These ornaments could be 1) jewels hanging from a band around the head or 2) earrings or 3) a metaphor for her long hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# We will make + +The man speaks as if he were many people. Some versions change this to singular "I." Other versions take these to be the words of the woman's friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# with silver studs "with spots of silver" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/12.md b/sng/01/12.md index 1ee2ff111e..d113b8db68 100644 --- a/sng/01/12.md +++ b/sng/01/12.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## lay on his couch ## +# lay on his couch -"sat at his table" +"sat eating his special meal." This probably refers to one of the couches on which people would lie around a table at a banquet. You could translate using the common word for what people do with their bodies when they eat special meals. -## emitted its fragrance ## +# nard + +an oil that people got from the expensive nard or spikenard (valerian plant with small pink or white flowers) and used to make their skin soft and to have a pleasant odor. + +# emitted its fragrance "gave off its good smell" -## nard ## +# My beloved is to me like a bag of myrrh ... breasts -an oil that people got from the expensive nard or spikenard (valerian plant with small pink or white flowers) and used to make their skin soft to have a pleasant odor. +Women would place a small bag or pouch of myrrh on a necklace so it would lie between their breasts and they could enjoy its pleasant fragrance. This woman enjoys having her beloved close to her. She adds "to me" to show that she does not expect anyone else to enjoy her beloved in this way. AT: "I enjoy my beloved as much as I enjoy having a bag of myrrh ... breasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## My beloved is to me like ## +# beloved -"For me, my beloved is like" +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. -## spends the night lying between my breasts ## +# lying between my breasts -"lies between my breasts all night long." Women put a small amount of expensive myrrh between their breasts to give them a continual pleasant odor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +If this phrase would offend your readers, you could use a euphemism. AT: "close to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## henna flowers ## +# My beloved is to me like a cluster of henna flowers + +Henna flowers have a fragrance that people enjoy. The woman enjoys her beloved. She adds "to me" to show that she does not expect anyone else to enjoy her beloved in this way. AT: "I enjoy my beloved as much as I enjoy the smell of clusters of henna flowers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# henna flowers flowers from a small desert tree that people used as a perfume \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/15.md b/sng/01/15.md index 16d1af4e12..609e22a97b 100644 --- a/sng/01/15.md +++ b/sng/01/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## See ## +# Listen -The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +"Listen carefully" or "What I am about to say is important." You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully. -## your eyes are like doves ## +# my love -Doves are symbols of purity, innocence, gentleness and love. AT: "your eyes are gentle and lovely like the eyes of doves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +"you whom I love." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](./09.md) + +# your eyes are doves + +Possible meaning are 1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the man considers the woman's eyes beautiful because the way the woman looks at him makes him think she is gentle. AT: "you are very gentle" or 2) the man is speaking of the woman's white eyeballs or the shape of her eyes as being like the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/16.md b/sng/01/16.md index bd08d5404d..e49aab8ec2 100644 --- a/sng/01/16.md +++ b/sng/01/16.md @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ -## See ## +# Listen -The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +"Listen carefully" or "What I am about to say is important." You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully. -## handsome ## +# handsome -"good looking" or "lovely" or "beautiful" +Use the word in your language that describes a good-looking man. -## The lush plants ## +# beloved + +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](./12.md). + +# lush plants are our bed + +This speaks of the lush plants as if they were a bed. AT: "lush plants are what we lie down on to sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# The lush plants plants that are green, moist, and grow abundantly -## serve as our bed ## +# The beams of our house are cedars; our rafters are firs -"are our bed." The woman describes how they lay on the lush plants outside as though they were their bed +The woman describes the forest as though it were a house in which they were lying down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The beams of our house are cedar tree branches ## +# beams ... rafters -The woman describes the forest as though it were their house. AT: "The branches of the cedar tree are like the beams of our house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "beams" refers to large logs used to support everything above the walls and "rafters" refers to the large pieces of wood to which the roof is attached or 2) "beams" refers to the rafters and "rafters" refers to the strips attached to the beams, onto which the builders attached the roofing materials. -## beams ## +# cedars ... firs -large logs that support the rest of the house - -## and our rafters are fir branches ## - -"and fir branches are like our rafters" - -## rafters ## - -pieces of wood that hold up the roof of a house \ No newline at end of file +Cedars were large and strong trees. The word translated "firs" is a general term for trees like cedars but smaller. If cedar and fir trees are unknown in your area, you could use general terms for the tallest and strongest trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/intro.md b/sng/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f9185c3032 --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Song of Solomon 01 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Kisses ##### +The kisses in this chapter are a type of kiss that was only done between a husband and a wife. It is an intimate kiss. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Love and affection ##### +This chapter is centered on the feelings of love, affection, and attraction. Different cultural standards may make translation difficult and the translator may use euphemisms to avoid offending people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, this can be considered offensive. Different metaphors of beauty are used in different cultures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "I am dark" ##### +In the ancient Near East, many people were more attracted to light skinned people. This is because light skinned people were typically rich and did not need to work outside in the sun. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Song of Solomon 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Song of Solomon intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/01.md b/sng/02/01.md index 18dca57e17..132674737d 100644 --- a/sng/02/01.md +++ b/sng/02/01.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## I am just a flower of in a plain ## +# I am a meadow flower of Sharon -The woman compares herself with a flower in a plain in order to emphasize that she is a common and delicate girl from the countryside that does not deserve the enormous amount of attention that her lover is giving to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The woman speaks as if she were one of many flowers in a land known for beautiful flowers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a plain ## +# Sharon -an area of land that is flat, has no trees, and grows many different kinds of grasses and flowers +the name of a land that is flat, has no trees, and grows many different kinds of grasses and flowers -## just a lily in a valley ## +# lily of the valleys -The woman compares herself with a lily in a valley for the same reason that she compared herself with a flower in a plain. +The woman speaks as if she were one of many flowers in a land known for beautiful flowers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## lily ## +# lily -a sweet smelling flower that is shaped like a trumpet +a sweet smelling flower that grows in places where there is much water. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:1-2](./01.md). -## a valley ## +# valleys -This refers to a very large flat area between mountains. +flat areas between mountains and near water -## As a lily...my countrymen ## +# As a lily among thorns ... young women -The man means that the woman is far more beautiful and precious than all the other young women, just as a lily is far more beautiful and precious than all of the thorn bushes that might surround it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +A flower is much more beautiful than a thorn bush. The man thinks the woman is much more beautiful than the other women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## my love ## +# my love -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md). +"you whom I love." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md). -## the daughters of my countrymen ## +# the young women -"other young women" \ No newline at end of file +"the other young women" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/03.md b/sng/02/03.md index f85e8f21e3..23ee2d6fbd 100644 --- a/sng/02/03.md +++ b/sng/02/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,31 @@ -## As the apricot tree...the young men ## +# As an apricot tree ... the young men -As the apricot tree is more comforting and delightful than any of the other trees in the forest so the woman's beloved is more comforting and delightful than all the other young men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +People enjoy the fruit of an apricot tree, but the trees of the forest do not bear fruit. The woman enjoys being with the man, but not with the other young men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## the apricot tree ## +# apricot tree -a tree that produces a small yellow fruit that is very sweet. +a tree that produces a small yellow fruit that is very sweet. If your readers will not know what this is, you could use the word for another fruit tree or the general word "fruit tree." -## I sit down under his shadow with great delight ## +# the forest -The woman find great joy and comfort in being so near to her beloved. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The Hebrew word here refers to land where trees grow for which people have no use. -## and his fruit is sweet to my taste ## +# beloved -The woman compares the enjoyment of her beloved to sweet fruit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). -## the banqueting hall ## +# I sit down under his shadow with great delight -a very large room where people ate large meals and enjoyed visiting with each other +The woman finds great joy and comfort in being so near to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and his banner ## +# his fruit is sweet to my taste -A "banner" was a large piece of cloth that people held up in at the front of an army in order to lead the way and give courage to the other men +The woman enjoys eating sweet fruit, and she enjoys being near to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## his banner over me was love ## +# the house of wine -The woman would have been nervous to enter the banqueting hall, but the love of her beloved showed her the way and gave her courage to enter. AT: "but his love guided me and gave me courage like a banner." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Possible meanings are 1) the very large room where the king would serve many people large meals with wine or 2) a small booth in a vineyard where the man and woman could be alone together. + +# his banner over me was love + +Possible meanings are 1) the banner is a metonym for a military escort. And, the military escort is a metaphor that represents the man's love which gives courage to the woman who was nervous to enter the large room where the king served many people. AT: "but his loving protection guided me and gave me courage" or 2) the woman knew that the man wanted to make love to her from the way he looked at her. AT: "he looked at me lovingly" or "when he looked at me, I knew he wanted to make love to me" or 3) they made love. AT: "he lovingly covered me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/05.md b/sng/02/05.md index 6ebcb93639..488bcaef76 100644 --- a/sng/02/05.md +++ b/sng/02/05.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Revive me ## +# Revive me "Return my strength" or "Give me energy" -## with raisin cakes ## +# with raisin cakes -"by feeding me cakes made of raisins that stick together in flat patties" or "by giving me raisin cakes" +"by giving me raisin cakes to eat." Raisin cakes were cakes made of dried grapes pressed together. -## refresh me with apricots ## +# refresh me with apricots -"support me by giving me apricots" or "help my by giving me apricots +"support me by giving me apricots" or "help me by giving me apricots" -## for I am weak with love ## +# for I am weak with love -AT: "because my love is so strong that I feel feeble." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The woman speaks of feeling weak because her love is so strong as if love were a kind of sickness. AT: "because my love is so strong that I feel feeble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## left hand...right hand ## +# left hand ... right hand -"left arm...right arm" +"left arm ... right arm" -## embraces me ## +# embraces me "holds me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/07.md b/sng/02/07.md index b52d712799..c945b631ca 100644 --- a/sng/02/07.md +++ b/sng/02/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## daughters of Jerusalem's men ## +# daughters of Jerusalem -"young women of Jerusalem" +"young women of Jerusalem." These young women could not hear her and were not present, but the woman speaks as if they were present and could hear her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## by the gazelles and the does of the fields ## +# by the gazelles and the does of the fields -These animals of the field are shy and timid, but experience absolute freedom. +Although the daughters of Jerusalem could not hear her, the woman speaks to them as if they could hear saying that the gazelles and the does will punish them they break their promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## the gazelles ## +# the gazelles -animals that look a lot like deer and are fast, slender, and shy +These are animals that look like deer and move quickly. -## of the fields ## +# does -"that live in the countryside" +female deer -## will not interrupt our lovemaking ## +# of the fields -"will not interrupt us as we make love until we are finished" +"that live in the countryside." This was land that has not been farmed. -## interrupt ## +# will not awaken or arouse love until she pleases -"disturb" or "bother" \ No newline at end of file +Here "love" is spoken of as if it were a person asleep that does not want to be awakened. This is a metaphor that represents the man and woman who do not want to be disturbed until they are finished making love. AT: "will not disturb us until we have finished making love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will not awaken or arouse + +If your language has only one word for waking people out of sleep, you could combine these words. AT: "will not awaken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/08.md b/sng/02/08.md index 4648061da0..7b2b08bc90 100644 --- a/sng/02/08.md +++ b/sng/02/08.md @@ -1,45 +1,59 @@ -Here begins Part Two of the book +# General Information: -## Oh, here he comes ## +Here begins Part Two of the book. -The word “Oh” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +# General Information: -## leaping over the mountains, ## +It is not clear whether the woman is speaking to herself or to the daughters of Jerusalem. -"leaping on the mountains, running quickly on the hills." The beloved runs quickly and gracefully like a gazelle, even over the rough terrain of the mountains and the hills. +# Listen -## like a gazelle or a young stag ## +Possible meanings are 1) "Listen carefully to what I am about to say." You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully, or 2) "Listen so you can hear him coming." -The woman compares her beloved with a gazelle and a young buck because he is fast, beautiful, and graceful like these animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# beloved -## a gazelle ## +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). -See how you translated "the gazelles" in [Song of Solomon 8:2](../08/02.md). +# leaping ... jumping ... gazing ... peering -## a young stag ## +The woman shows that she is excited to see the man come by using as few words as possible to describe what he is doing. Your language may have a different way of showing that the speaker is excited about what is happening. -"a young buck" or "a young male deer" +# leaping over the mountains, jumping over the hills -## look, he is standing ## +"leaping on the mountains, running quickly on the hills." The woman speaks of the man as if he were "a gazelle or a young stag" (verse 9) coming quickly toward her over rough ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The word “look” here shows that the woman saw something interesting. +# like a gazelle or a young stag -## behind our wall ## +Gazelles and young stags move quickly over rough ground. The woman imagines the man coming as fast as he can to be with her. You could translate using animals in your language that people think of as fast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -"on the other side of our wall." The woman is in a house and her beloved is outside the house. +# a gazelle -## our wall ## +This is an animal that looks like a deer and moves quickly. Translate as the singular of "the gazelles" as in [Song of Solomon 2:7](./07.md). -The word "our" refers to the woman and the other people in the house with her. +# a young stag -## gazing through the window ## +"a young male deer" + +# look + +"listen carefully" or "what I am about to say is important." You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully. + +# behind our wall + +"on the other side of our wall." The woman is in a house and the man is outside the house. + +# our wall + +The word "our" refers to the woman and the other people in the house with her. If she is speaking to herself, it is inclusive, but if she is speaking to the daughters of Jerusalem, whether she is referring to herself and her companions or to herself only in plural, as in "We are glad ... We rejoice ... let us celebrate" ([Song of Solomon 1:4](../01/01.md)), it is exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# gazing through the window "he stares in through the windows" -## peering through the lattice ## +# peering through the lattice "he peeks through the lattice" -## lattice ## +# lattice -long strips of wood that someone has woven together in order to create a cover for a window or some other entrance \ No newline at end of file +a cover for a window or some other entrance that someone has made by weaving long strips of wood together. Lattices have holes that people can look through. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/10.md b/sng/02/10.md index 49d32f5a31..44c9a1f640 100644 --- a/sng/02/10.md +++ b/sng/02/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## Arise ## +# beloved + +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# Arise "Get up" -## my love ## +# my love -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md). +"you whom I love." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md) -## Look, the winter ## +# Look -The word “Look” here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: “Indeed” +"Listen carefully" or "What I am about to say is important." You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully. -## the rain is over and gone ## +# the winter is past; the rain is over and gone -In Israel, it only rains during the winter. \ No newline at end of file +In winter it is too cold and wet to make love outside, but the cold, wet time has passed. + +# the winter is past + +Winter is the cold time of year when plants do not grow and people prefer to stay inside their houses. You could use the term in your language for that time of year. + +# the rain is over and gone + +In Israel it only rains during the winter. The rain here is cold and unpleasant, not the refreshing rain of the hot season. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/12.md b/sng/02/12.md index d0d68ac80c..bc4c2bf095 100644 --- a/sng/02/12.md +++ b/sng/02/12.md @@ -1,35 +1,39 @@ -## The flowers have appeared ## +# The flowers have appeared -AT: "You can see flowers" or "People can see flowers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"People can see flowers" -## in the land ## +# in the land "all over this land" -## the time for pruning ## - -"the season for people to prune" - -## and the singing of birds ## - -"and for birds to sing" - -## pruning ## +# pruning cutting off branches from a plant so that it will produce more fruit or look better -## the sound of the doves is heard ## +# the singing of birds -AT: "you can hear doves cooing" or "people can hear the sound of doves" +"for birds to sing" -## vines are in blossom ## +# the sound of the doves is heard + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "people can hear the sound of doves" or "the doves are cooing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The fig tree ripens her green figs + +The tree is spoken of as if it were actively causing its fruit to ripen. This is a collective singular and can be translated as a plural. AT: "The figs on the trees are becoming ripe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +# vines are in blossom "vines are flowering" or "vines have flowers" -## they give off ## +# they give off The word "they" refers to the blossoms on the vines. -## fragrance ## +# fragrance -"sweet smell" \ No newline at end of file +"sweet smell" + +# my love + +"you whom I love." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/14.md b/sng/02/14.md index db25cdb34d..f0fc5d9b4a 100644 --- a/sng/02/14.md +++ b/sng/02/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -The woman's beloved is speaking. +# General Information: -## My dove ## +The man is speaking. -The woman's beloved compares the woman with a dove because she has a beautiful face and a beautiful voice like a dove and because he was to be with her in a place that is far away from other people just as doves live in places far away from people. +# My dove -## the clefts of the rock ## +The Israelites considered doves beautiful birds with pleasant voices. The man thinks the woman's face and voice are beautiful. If calling a woman a "dove" would be offensive, you could leave out the metaphor. AT: "My beautiful woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"the hiding places of the cliffs." Clefts are large cracks in the side of mountain rocks. +# clefts -## in the secret clefts of the mountain crags ## +large cracks in the side of mountain rocks large enough for people to hide in -"in the secret places on the steep mountain sides." This phrase describes the place where the beloved wants to see the face of the woman. +# crags -## your face ## +"steep rocks" -"your appearance" or "your form" or "what you look like" \ No newline at end of file +# your face + +Some versions translate this as "your appearance" or "your form" or "what you look like." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/15.md b/sng/02/15.md index e94d497ddb..58fed0b07d 100644 --- a/sng/02/15.md +++ b/sng/02/15.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## [The woman speaking to herself] ## +# Catch -The woman is probably speaking to herself hoping that no other young man will take her away. +This is plural, as if the woman is speaking to more than one man, but most versions translate who she is speaking to as the man, so you could translate this as singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## the jackals ## +# the foxes -This could also be translated as "the foxes." These animals look like small dogs and were often used in love poetry to represent eager young men who would spoil a young lady. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These animals look like small dogs and were often used in love poetry to represent eager young men who would spoil a young woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## for us ## +# for us ... our vineyard -The word "us" could possibly refer to 1) the woman and her lover or 2) the woman and the rest of her family. +The words "us" and "our" could possibly be 1) exclusive, referring to the woman herself, as in [Song of Solomon 1:4](../01/01.md), or 2) inclusive, referring to the woman and the man, or 3) exclusive, referring to the woman and the rest of her family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -## the little jackals ## +# foxes -"the young jackals." Jackals give birth to their young in the spring when the vines are blooming. +Another possible meaning is "jackals." A jackal is a type of thin wild dog with long legs. -## that spoil ## +# the little foxes that spoil -"that wreck" or "that destroy." Jackals and foxes destroy vineyards by digging holes and eating vines and grapes. This could also represent the young men who spoil the young ladies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Foxes spoil or destroy vineyards by digging holes and eating vines and grapes. This could be a metaphor for young men who spoil young women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## in blossom ## +# in blossom -This could represent a young lady ready for marriage and bearing children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:12](./12.md). \ No newline at end of file +This implies that the vineyard is healthy and the grapes have appeared, but they are not ready for harvest. This could be a metaphor for a young lady ready for marriage and bearing children. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/16.md b/sng/02/16.md index 394348d2cc..9793a74aaf 100644 --- a/sng/02/16.md +++ b/sng/02/16.md @@ -1,35 +1,43 @@ -## My beloved is mine ## +# My beloved is mine "My beloved belongs to me" -## and I am his ## +# beloved -"and I belong to him" +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). -## he grazes ## +# I am his -"feeds" or "eats grass." The woman compares her beloved with an animal that eats plants among the lilies, like a gazelle or young stag. +"I belong to him" -## dawn ## +# he grazes + +"feeds" or "eats grass." The woman speaks of the man as if he were "a gazelle or a young stag" (verse 17) that eats plants among the lilies. Grazing is probably a metaphor for lovemaking ([Song of Solomon 2:1-2](./01.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# lilies + +sweet-smelling flowers that grow in places where there is much water. Translate as the plural of "lily" in [Song of Solomon 2:1](./01.md). + +# dawn the part of the day when the sun is rising -## the shadows flee away ## +# the shadows flee away -The woman describes the shadows as though they were running away from the light of the sun. AT: "the shadows disappear." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The woman describes the shadows as though they were running away from the light of the sun. AT: "the shadows disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## like a gazelle or a young stag ## +# like a gazelle or a young stag -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:8](./08.md). +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:9](./08.md). -## gazelle ## +# gazelle -a type of slender deer-like animal with long curved horns +an animal that looks like a deer and moves quickly. Translate as the singular of "gazelles" as in [Song of Solomon 2:7](./07.md). -## stag ## +# stag an adult male deer -## rugged ## +# rugged "rocky" or "rough" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/02/intro.md b/sng/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eb3c9b024d --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Song of Solomon 02 General Notes # + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +Women are compared to flowers in this chapter. This metaphor may describe a woman's beauty and delicacy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Euphemisms ##### +It is possible that some of the metaphors used in this chapter are actually euphemisms. These euphemisms would refer to sex or the physical love between a husband and a wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Song of Solomon 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/03/01.md b/sng/03/01.md index a2e081941a..f3c1fe6e01 100644 --- a/sng/03/01.md +++ b/sng/03/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## I was longing for the one whom my soul loves; I was longing for him ## +# I was longing for him ... could not find him -This is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"I had a strong desire to be with him ... loves, but he was not there" -## was longing for ## +# him whom my soul loves -"was wanting to be with" or "was looking for" +The soul is a metonym for the whole person. Here it makes a stronger statement of the woman's love for the man than "my beloved" ([Song of Solomon 1:14](../01/12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the one whom my soul loves ## - -See how you translated "whom my soul loves" in [Song of Solomon 1:7](../01/07.md). - -## go through the city ## +# go through the city "walk through the city" -## through the streets and squares ## +# through the streets and squares The word "squares" indicates the center area of a town where streets or roads come together. It is often an area where people sell items, a market, and a place where people come together to talk. -## search ## +# search "to look for" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/03/03.md b/sng/03/03.md index edf22a214a..00df9fa0dc 100644 --- a/sng/03/03.md +++ b/sng/03/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## watchmen ## +# watchmen -the men who have the job of keeping guard of the town at night to keep the people safe +men who have the job of keeping guard of the town at night to keep the people safe -## as they were making their rounds in the city ## +# as they were making their rounds in the city -"who were going through the city" or "who were walking around the city" +"who were walking around the city on the walls" -## bedroom ## +# him whom my soul loves + +The soul is a metonym for the whole person. Here it makes a stronger statement of the woman's love for the man than "my beloved" ([Song of Solomon 1:14](../01/12.md)). See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 3:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# bedroom "the room for sleeping" -## the one who had conceived me ## +# the one who had conceived me -- "the one who had become pregnant with me" or "the one who carried me in her belly." This refers to her mother. \ No newline at end of file +This is a metonym for her mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/03/05.md b/sng/03/05.md index 2b3f867e26..046bc099fd 100644 --- a/sng/03/05.md +++ b/sng/03/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## I want you to swear...until it is over ## +# General Information: -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). \ No newline at end of file +Translate this verse as in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). + +# daughters of Jerusalem + +"young women of Jerusalem." These young women could not hear her and were not present, but the woman speaks as if they were present and could hear her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# by the gazelles and the does of the fields + +Although the daughters of Jerusalem are not there to hear her, the woman is telling them that the gazelles and the does will punish them they break their promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# the gazelles + +animals that look like deer and move quickly. + +# does + +female deer + +# of the fields + +"that live in the countryside." This refers to land that has not been farmed. + +# will not awaken or arouse love until she pleases + +Here "love" is spoken of as if it were a person asleep that does not want to be awakened. This is a metaphor that represents the man and woman who do not want to be disturbed until they are finished making love. AT: "will not disturb us until we have finished making love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will not awaken or arouse + +If your language has only one word for waking people out of sleep, you could combine these words. AT: "will not awaken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/03/06.md b/sng/03/06.md index 41be12d66a..a05b2740b4 100644 --- a/sng/03/06.md +++ b/sng/03/06.md @@ -1,37 +1,43 @@ -Here begins Part Three of the book +# General Information: -## What is that coming up from the wilderness ## +Here begins Part Three of the book. It begins with a description of sixty men carrying Solomon's bed up from the wilderness to Jerusalem. -The group of people is traveling from the wilderness to Jerusalem. Because the wilderness is low in the Jordan valley and Jerusalem is high in the mountains, the people must go up in order to reach Jerusalem. +# What is that coming up from the wilderness -## like a column of smoke ## +The group of people is traveling from the wilderness to Jerusalem. They must go up in order to reach Jerusalem because the wilderness is low in the Jordan valley and Jerusalem is high in the mountains. -Because the people raised much dust in the air as they traveled, the dust looked like smoke in the distance. AT: "with columns of smoke going up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# What is that -## perfumed with myrrh and frankincense ## +Many versions translate this "Who is that." -AT: "the sweet smelling smoke of myrrh and frankincense surround it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# like a column of smoke -## with all powders sold by merchants ## +The dust looked like smoke from far away because the people raised much dust in the air as they traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -AT: "and the sweet smelling smoke of all powders that merchants sell." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# perfumed with myrrh and frankincense -## powders ## +"the sweet-smelling smoke of myrrh and frankincense" + +# with all the powders sold by merchants + +You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "and the sweet-smelling smoke of all the powders that merchants sell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# powders a fine dust made by crushing something solid -## Look ## +# Look -This word shows here that the speaker now discovers the answer to the question in verse 6. +"Listen carefully" or "What I am about to say is important." You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully. The speaker now discovers the answer to the question in verse 6. -## it is the portable litter ## +# it is the bed -The word "portable" means that people can easily moved the litter (a bed with a cover) from one place to another. +This refers to a bed with a cover that can be carried from one place to another. -## sixty warriors surround it, sixty soldiers of Israel ## +# sixty warriors surround it, sixty soldiers of Israel -This is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases refer to the same sixty people. The second phrase clarifies that the "warriors" are "soldiers of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## warriors ## +# warriors men who fight \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/03/08.md b/sng/03/08.md index 10524798b4..6b4c3c97c5 100644 --- a/sng/03/08.md +++ b/sng/03/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## in warfare ## +# General Information: -"in battle" +The description of sixty men carrying Solomon's bed up from the wilderness to Jerusalem, begun in [Song of Solomon 3:6](./06.md), continues. -## armed against ## +# Connecting Statement: -"in order to guard against" or "in order to fight off" +A description of the bed itself begins in verse 9. You could use words in your language that show that this is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -## terrors of the night ## +# are skilled in warfare -This represents any danger that might come during the dark of the night, like robbers. +"can fight battles well" -## sedan chair ## +# armed against -a chair that has long poles which people used to carry important people \ No newline at end of file +"so that he can fight against" + +# terrors of the night + +The abstract noun "terrors" is a metonym for evil people who frighten others by attacking them. AT: "evil people who attack others at night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# sedan chair + +This is a chair or couch for important people to sit or lie on. It rests on long poles that people can use to carry it \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/03/10.md b/sng/03/10.md index 4f1ffcec59..32464a2935 100644 --- a/sng/03/10.md +++ b/sng/03/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## its posts ## +# Connecting Statement: + +The description of the bed itself that began in [Song of Solomon 3:9](./08.md) continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# Its posts The word "its" refers to King Solomon's sedan chair. -## posts ## +# posts -The word "posts" here refers to pieces of wood that hold up the tent of cloth around his chair. +The word "posts" here refers to pieces either made of silver or made of wood covered with silver that hold up the tent of cloth around his chair. -## Its interior was ## +# Its interior was "The inside of it was" -## decorated with love ## +# with love -"made pretty with love" or "embroidered with love." This indicates that the women made the sedan beautiful in a special way to show their love for Solomon. +Possible meanings are 1) "with love," indicating that the women made the sedan beautiful in a special way to show their love for Solomon, or 2) "with leather." -## and gaze on King Solomon ## +# daughters of Zion + +"you young women who live in Zion" + +# gaze on King Solomon "look at King Solomon." The word "gaze" refers to look at someone or something for a long time, usually with strong emotional feeling. -## bearing the crown ## +# bearing the crown -"wearing the crown" \ No newline at end of file +"wearing the crown" + +# the day of the joy of his heart + +The word "heart" is a metonym for the person. AT: "the day on which he truly rejoiced" or "the happiest day of his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/03/intro.md b/sng/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c1ce614e77 --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Song of Solomon 03 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Longing ##### +This chapter describes a feeling of longing, or the waiting in anticipation of the one you love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, this can be considered offensive. Different metaphors of beauty are used in different cultures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Song of Solomon 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/01.md b/sng/04/01.md index 16e830978a..94a5166e37 100644 --- a/sng/04/01.md +++ b/sng/04/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## Oh, you are beautiful...eyes are doves ## +# Your eyes are doves -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:15](../01/15.md). +One possibility is that the man is speaking of the woman's white eyeballs or the shape of her eyes, the shape of a dove. Another possibility is that the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the man considers the woman's eyes beautiful because the way the woman looks at him makes him think she is gentle. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:15](../01/15.md). AT: "You are very gentle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Your hair...Mount Gilead ## +# my love -Goats are often dark in color and when they walk on the mountains their hair would look like the long waves in a woman's hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +"you whom I love." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# Your hair is like a flock of goats going down from Mount Gilead + +Goats in Israel were usually dark in color. The woman's hair was probably dark. You may need to specify that the goats were dark or even use another simile that the reader will understand that refers to something dark and beautiful. People thought of Mount Gilead as beautiful and fertile. The speaker considered the woman beautiful and ready to become the mother of his children. If you remove the simile of the goats, you may have to remove the simile of the mountain as well. AT: "Your hair is as dark as storm clouds above a fertile land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/02.md b/sng/04/02.md index 310e7cd18b..5f403a79ea 100644 --- a/sng/04/02.md +++ b/sng/04/02.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Your teeth are like a flock of newly shorn ewes ## +# Your teeth are like a flock of newly shorn ewes -After sheep have their wool cut off, they are washed and their skin looks very white. This phrase compares the whiteness of the teeth of the woman to the brightness of white sheep wool after their wool has been sheared off. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +After sheep have their wool cut off, they are washed and their skin looks very white. The woman's teeth are white. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## a flock newly shorn ewes ## +# a flock of newly shorn ewes -AT: "a flock of ewes whose wool people have cut off." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "a flock of ewes whose wool people have cut off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## coming up from the washing place ## +# coming up from the washing place -It is implied that the ewes are coming up out of the water. AT: "that are coming up out of the water after people have washed them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The ewes are coming up out of the water. AT: "that are coming up out of the water after people have washed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Each one has a twin ## +# Each one has a twin -Sheep usually give birth to two lambs at one time. These twin lamb usually look like one another. Each of the woman's teeth has a matching tooth on the other side of her mouth. So it is like each tooth has a twin like the lambs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Sheep usually give birth to two lambs at one time. These twin lambs usually look like one another. Each of the woman's teeth has a matching tooth on the other side of her mouth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## none among them is bereaved ## +# none among them is bereaved -None of her teeth have lost their matching tooth on the other side. The woman has not lost any of her teeth. +Each of the woman's teeth has a matching tooth on the other side of her mouth. She has not lost any of her teeth. -## bereaved ## +# bereaved -To have lost a loved one who has died. \ No newline at end of file +lost a loved one who has died \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/03.md b/sng/04/03.md index 89a41a3b06..3206bad56d 100644 --- a/sng/04/03.md +++ b/sng/04/03.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -The lover continues to praise the woman. +# General Information: -## are like a thread of scarlet ## +The man continues to praise the woman. -This phrase compares the color of the woman's lips with scarlet thread. AT: "are a deep red like scarlet thread." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# are like a thread of scarlet -## scarlet ## +Scarlet is a beautiful red color, and scarlet thread was very expensive. The woman's lips were red. AT: "are a deep red like scarlet thread" or "are red and very beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# scarlet a dark red color that is very similar to the color of blood -## is lovely ## +# is lovely "is beautiful" -## like pomegranate halves ## +# are like pomegranate halves -Pomegranates are smooth, round, and have a rich red color. AT: "are rosy and round like two halves of a pomegranate." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Pomegranates are smooth, round, and rich red. The man thinks the woman's cheeks are beautiful and show that she is healthy. AT: "are red and round like two halves of a pomegranate" or "are red and full and healthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## behind your veil ## +# behind your veil See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:1](./01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/04.md b/sng/04/04.md index a71ec15b20..c7106186d9 100644 --- a/sng/04/04.md +++ b/sng/04/04.md @@ -1,41 +1,51 @@ -The lover continues to praise the woman. +# General Information: -## neck is like ## +The man continues to praise the woman. -AT: "neck is long and beautiful like." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# Your neck is like the tower of David -## of David ## +No one knows if this was a real tower. A tower is a tall, slender building, and saying that David built it implies that it was beautiful. The man considered the woman's neck long and slender and so beautiful. AT: "Your neck is long and beautiful like the tower of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# of David "that David built" -## built in rows of stone ## +# built in rows of stone -Women had necklaces that covered their entire necks with rows of decorations. The lover compares these rows of decorations with the rows of stone on the tower. AT: "that has many rows of stone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Women had necklaces that covered their entire necks with rows of decorations. The man compares these rows of decorations with the rows of stone on the tower. AT: "that has many rows of stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## with a thousand shields... ## +# with a thousand shields -The lover compares the decorations of the woman's necklace with shields hanging on the tower. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The man compares the decorations of the woman's necklace with shields hanging on the tower. The necklace probably went around her neck many times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a thousand shields ## +# a thousand shields "1,000 shields." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## all the shields of soldiers ## +# all the shields of soldiers "all of the shields belong to mighty warriors" -## like two fawns, twins of a gazelle ## +# two breasts -The woman's breasts are beautiful, matching and soft like two baby deer or two baby gazelle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +If the word "two" seems unnecessary and so out of place, you could omit it. -## twins ## +# like two fawns, twins of a gazelle + +The man implies that the woman's breasts are matching, soft, and perhaps small. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# twins the babies of a mother who gave birth to two babies at one time -## gazelle ## +# gazelle -See how you translated "gazelles" in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). +an animal that looks like a deer and moves quickly. Translate as the singular of "gazelles" as in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). -## grazing among the lilies ## +# grazing among the lilies -"eating plants among the lilies." The beautiful fawns and baby gazelle are even more beautiful when lilies are surrounding them. \ No newline at end of file +"eating plants among the lilies." While it is clear that the man "grazing among the lilies" is a metaphor for making love ([Song of Solomon 2:16](../02/16.md)), it is not clear what these words refer to. It is best to translate them literally. + +# lilies + +sweet-smelling flowers that grow in places where there is much water. Translate as the plural of "lily" in [Song of Solomon 2:1](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/06.md b/sng/04/06.md index cd4f875e9a..cda47a62ef 100644 --- a/sng/04/06.md +++ b/sng/04/06.md @@ -1,29 +1,31 @@ -The lover continues to praise the woman. +# General Information: -## Until the dawn arrives and the shadows flee away ## +The man continues to praise the woman. -See how you translated the line in [Song of Solomon 2:16](../02/16.md) where the wording is the same as this one. +# Until the dawn arrives and the shadows flee away -## I will go to the mountain of myrrh and to the hill of frankincense ## +Translate similar wording in this line as you did the line in [Song of Solomon 2:17](../02/16.md). -The lover expresses his desire to enjoy the woman' breast by comparing them with mountains or hills that he wants to go to. Her breasts are round and protrude like mountains or hills. They smell sweet like myrrh and frankincense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# I will go to the mountain of myrrh and to the hill of frankincense -## I will go to the mountain ... hill of frankincense. ## +The "mountain of myrrh" and "hill of frankincense" are metaphors for the woman's breasts (See: [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md)). AT: "I will lie close to your breasts, which are like mountains that smell like myrrh and frankincense" or "I will lie close to your breasts, which smell very sweet" or "I will go to the sweet-smelling mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -These lines repeat the thought in slightly differing ways to emphasize the idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# the mountain of myrrh -## the mountain of myrrh ## +"the mountain made of myrrh" or "the mountain that has myrrh growing on it" -"the mountain made of myrrh" or "the mountain that has myrrh on it" +# the hill of frankincense -## You are beautiful in every way ## +"the hill where there are clouds of smoke from burning frankincense in the air" + +# You are beautiful in every way "Every part of you is beautiful" or "All of you is beautiful" -## my love ## +# my love -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md). +"you whom I love." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md). -## there is no blemish in you ## +# there is no blemish in you "you have no blemish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/08.md b/sng/04/08.md index 7adefbe7b2..a2dd0c7230 100644 --- a/sng/04/08.md +++ b/sng/04/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -The lover continues to speak to the woman. +# General Information: -## Come with me...dens of leopards ## +The man continues to speak to the woman. He speaks of them not being free to make love as if they were in a wild, dangerous, foreign place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The lover wants his bride to come with him away from a wild and dangerous place. This is a metaphor and the couple is not really on these mountains or by these dens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - -## from Lebanon ## +# from Lebanon "away from Lebanon" -## Amana ## +# my bride -the name of a mountain near Damascus (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son's wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. -## Senir ## +# Amana + +the name of a mountain north of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# Senir the name of a mountain near Amana and Hermon. Some people think that this refers to the same mountain as Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## dens ## +# dens places where lions and leopards live, like caves or holes in the ground \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/09.md b/sng/04/09.md index 5d2fed3fdb..c85bbc489a 100644 --- a/sng/04/09.md +++ b/sng/04/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -The lover continues to speak to the woman. +# General Information: -## have stolen my heart ## +The man continues to speak to the woman. -He is saying his affection and love now belong to her. AT: "have captured my love." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# You have stolen my heart -## my sister ## +Possible meanings of this idiom are 1) "My heart now belongs completely to you" or 2) "I strongly desire to make love to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -The woman is as dear to the lover as his own sister. They are not actually brother and sister. AT: "my dear" or "my darling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# my sister -## with one glance of your eyes, with one jewel of your necklace. ## +This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. AT: "my dear" or "my darling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -Both the woman's eyes and her jewelry attract her lover to her. \ No newline at end of file +# my bride + +This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son's wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:8](./08.md). + +# heart, with just one look at me, with just one jewel + +"heart. All you have to do is look at me once or show me just one jewel." Both the woman's eyes and her jewelry attract the man to her. + +# necklace + +This necklace probably went around her neck many times (See: [Song of Solomon 4:4](./04.md)). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/10.md b/sng/04/10.md index f542f95b96..10937ed228 100644 --- a/sng/04/10.md +++ b/sng/04/10.md @@ -1,45 +1,43 @@ -The lover continues to praise the woman. +# General Information: -## How beautiful is your love ## +The man continues to praise the woman. + +# How beautiful is your love "Your love is wonderful" -## my sister, my bride ## +# my sister -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:9](./09.md). +This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:9](./08.md). AT: "my dear" or "my darling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## How much better ... you love than wine ## +# my bride -These lines repeat the same idea in different words for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son's wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:9](./08.md). -## How much better is your love than wine ## +# How much better is your love than wine -"Your love is much better than wine." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:1](../01/01.md). +"Your love is much better than wine." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Song of Solomon 1:2](../01/01.md). -## the fragrance of your perfume than any spice ## +# the fragrance of your perfume than any spice -AT: "the smell of your oils is better than the smell of any spice." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "how much better is the fragrance of your perfume than the fragrance of any spice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## fragrance...perfume ## +# fragrance ... perfume -See how you translated these words in [Song of Solomon 1:1](../01/01.md). +See how you translated these words in [Song of Solomon 1:3](../01/01.md). -## spice ## +# spice dried plants or seeds that have a good smell or taste -## Your lips ... under your tongue ## +# Your lips ... drip honey -These lines repeat the same idea in different words for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for 1) the sweet taste of the woman's kisses or 2) the woman's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Your lips, my bride, drip honey ## +# honey and milk are under your tongue -The lover thinks that the woman's kisses are sweet like honey; or, because the words that she speaks are sweet like honey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Because "milk and honey" is a common phrase in the Bible, you should translate literally. Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for 1) the sweet taste of the woman's kisses or 2) the woman's words. Milk is a metaphor for luxury, owning many things that help people enjoy life. When the woman kisses the man, he enjoys life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## honey and milk are under your tongue ## - -The lover thinks that the woman's kisses are sweet like milk and honey; or, that she speaks words that are as sweet as milk and honey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## the fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon ## +# the fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon "the smell of your clothes is like the smell of Lebanon." Many cedar trees grew in Lebanon. Cedar trees smell very good, so Lebanon would have smelled sweet and fresh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/12.md b/sng/04/12.md index 1b77b35edc..cffeacf744 100644 --- a/sng/04/12.md +++ b/sng/04/12.md @@ -1,61 +1,63 @@ -The lover continues to praise the woman. +# General Information: -## My sister, my bride ## +The man continues to praise the woman. -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:9](./09.md). +# My sister -## is a garden locked up ## +This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:9](./09.md). AT: "My dear" or "My darling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -"is a garden that is locked." The lover compares the woman with a locked garden because she belongs only to him and only he can enjoy her. He might also be saying that she is still a virgin whom he has not yet enjoyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +# my bride -## a spring that is sealed ## +This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son's wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:9](./09.md). -The lover compares the woman with a sealed spring for the same reasons that he compared her with a locked garden. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +# is a garden locked up -## Your branches...the finest spices ## +"is a garden that no one can enter." The garden is a metaphor for the woman, and the lock is a metaphor for her still being a virgin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The lover describes how wonderful the woman is by describing her as a garden full of wonderful things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# a spring that is sealed -## a grove ## +"a spring with a cover on it." The spring or well is a metaphor for the woman, and the cover is a metaphor for her being a virgin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Your branches + +branches or channels of rivers, a clear euphemism for the female body part. If any reference to this would be offensive, translate it as a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "You" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# a grove a place where many trees grow together -## with choice fruit ## +# with choice fruits -"the the best kinds of fruits there" +"with the best kinds of fruits" -## henna ## +# nard plants -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:12](../01/12.md). +plants that give oil that people used to make their skin soft and to have a pleasant odor. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:14](../01/12.md). -## nard ## +# henna -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:12](../01/12.md). +small desert trees that people used as a perfume. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:14](../01/12.md). -## spikenard ## +# saffron -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:12](./12.md) +a spice that comes from the dried parts from the yellow thread in the center of a certain flower -## saffron ## +# calamus -a spice that comes from the dried parts from the yellow thread in the center of a certain flower. +a reed with a pleasant smell that people used to make anointing oil. -## calamus ## - -This is a reed with a pleasant smell that people used to make anointing oil. - -## cinnamon ## +# cinnamon a spice made from the bark of a tree that people used for cooking -## myrrh ## +# myrrh -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:12](../01/12.md). +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). -## aloes ## +# aloes a type of large plant that had a very sweet smell -## all the finest spices ## +# all the finest spices "all the best spices" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/15.md b/sng/04/15.md index a44acb2d09..8b9020e00c 100644 --- a/sng/04/15.md +++ b/sng/04/15.md @@ -1,37 +1,43 @@ -The lover continues to praise the woman. +# General Information: -## You are a garden spring ## +The man continues to praise the woman. -"You are a spring in a garden." The lover describes how wonderful by comparing her with good water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# You are a garden spring -## fresh water ## +"You are a spring in a garden." A garden spring gives sweet, clean water that people enjoy drinking. The man enjoys being close to the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# fresh water water that is good to drink -## streams flowing down from Lebanon ## +# streams flowing down from Lebanon -Because Lebanon had mountains covered with trees, the streams from Lebanon would be clean and cool. +Because Lebanon had mountains covered with trees, the streams from Lebanon were clean and cool. -## Awake ....may give off their fragrance ## +# Awake, north wind; come, south wind; blow -The woman speaks to the north wind and the south wind as though they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The woman speaks to the north wind and the south wind as though they were people. AT: "I wish the north wind and south wind would come and blow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## Awake ## +# Awake "Start moving" -## blow on my garden ## +# blow on my garden -The woman refers to her body by speaking about it as a garden. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The garden is a metaphor for her body, which she has covered with sweet-smelling oils ([Song of Solomon 4:14](./12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## may give off their fragrance ## +# may give off their fragrance -"send out their good smells" +"may send out their good smells" -## May my beloved...choice fruit ## +# May my beloved ... choice fruit -The woman is inviting her lover to enjoy her as his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The woman is inviting the man to make love to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## choice fruit ## +# beloved + +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# choice fruit "wonderful fruit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/04/intro.md b/sng/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b63f866799 --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Song of Solomon 04 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Beauty ##### +The woman is described as the epitome of beauty in ancient Israel. Not all cultures share the same the same standards of beauty. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, this can be considered offensive. Different metaphors of beauty are used in different cultures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### "My sister, my bride" ##### +The woman described is not the sister of her husband. They are not related. Instead, this is a reference to a woman who is a fellow Israelite. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Song of Solomon 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/01.md b/sng/05/01.md index 0a9d6b1c49..7381d63541 100644 --- a/sng/05/01.md +++ b/sng/05/01.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## I have come ## +# I have come It is clearly the woman's lover who is speaking. -## have come into my garden ## +# have come into my garden -The man describes the woman as a garden. On the night of their wedding, the man is finally able to fully enjoy the woman. He describes this as coming into his garden. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The word "garden" is a metaphor for the woman. The man is finally able to fully enjoy the woman as they make love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## my sister ## +# my sister -The man calls the woman his sister because he loves her very much like he would love his sister. AT: "the one I love." +This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:9](../04/08.md). AT: "my dear" or "my darling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I have gathered my myrrh...with my milk ## +# my bride -The man uses these images from a garden to indicate that he has been able to enjoy many different aspects of the woman. +This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son's wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:9](../04/08.md). -## spice ## +# myrrh ... spice ... honeycomb ... honey ... wine ... milk + +These are all metaphors for the man enjoying the woman's body ([Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md), [Song of Solomon 2:04](../02/03.md), [Song of Solomon 4:11](../04/10.md), and [Song of Solomon 4:14](../04/12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# spice plants that have a strong smell or taste -## drink freely ## +# Eat ... drink ... be drunk with love -"drink generously" or "drink even more than enough" \ No newline at end of file +Eating and drinking are metaphors for making love. AT: "Make love ... make love ... make love until you are fully satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/02.md b/sng/05/02.md index e5ec0acb16..97fc2a0ec5 100644 --- a/sng/05/02.md +++ b/sng/05/02.md @@ -1,38 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + Here begins Part Four of the book -The young woman uses euphemisms to describe her dream so that it can be interpreted in two different ways: 1) the woman describes a dream about a night when her lover came to visit her at her house; and 2) the woman describes a dream about starting to have sex with her lover. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## but my heart was awake ## +# General Information: -AT: "but my mind was awake." AT: "but my feelings were active." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The young woman uses euphemisms to describe her dream so that it can be interpreted in two different ways: 1) the woman describes a dream about a night when the man came to visit her at her house; and 2) the woman describes a dream about starting to sleep with the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## Open to me ## +# but my heart was awake -This refers to opening a door but it can also be interpreted as a sexual request. AT: "Open the door for me" or "Open yourself to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The heart is the center of thought and feeling. AT: "but I could think clearly" or "but I knew what I was feeling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## my sister ## +# beloved -A term of affection. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:9](../04/09.md). +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). -## my love ## +# Open to me -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md). +Possible meanings are 1) literal, "Open the door for me," or 2) metaphorical, "Let me make love to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## My dove ## +# my sister + +This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:9](../04/09.md). AT: "my dear" or "my darling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# my love + +"you whom I love." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# my dove See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:14](../02/14.md). -## undefiled one ## +# undefiled one "my perfect one" or "my faithful one" or "my innocent one" -## dew ## +# dew -drops of water or mist that form during the cool of the night when the temperature drops +drops of water or mist that form as the night becomes cool -## my hair with the night's dampness ## +# my hair with the night's dampness -The wet night air makes the man's hair wet because he is standing outside. - -## my head is wet with dew, my hair with the night's dampness ## - -This is repeated for emphasis and for the beauty of the poetry used here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "my hair is wet with the night's dampness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/03.md b/sng/05/03.md index 1a21ec69e7..7e5d89a66e 100644 --- a/sng/05/03.md +++ b/sng/05/03.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## robe ## +# "I have ... dirty?" + +You may need to make explicit that these words are what the woman thought to herself when she heard the man speak ([Song of Solomon 5:2](./02.md)). Or you could turn this into an indirect quote, as the UDB does. AT: "I said to myself, 'I have ... dirty?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# robe thin linen clothing that people wore on their skin -## must I put it on again? ## +# must I put it on again? -AT: "I do not want to get dressed again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I do not want to put it on again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I have washed my feet ## +# I have washed my feet -Possible interpretations are 1) the young woman had washed her feet so that she could go to bed or 2) The word "feet" is sometimes used as a euphemism to refer to a woman's private parts. AT: "I washed myself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +While the word "feet" can be a euphemism for private parts, this probably refers to literal feet. The woman seems more likely to want to make love than to want to refrain from lovemaking because she has just bathed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## My beloved put in his hand through the opening of the door latch ## +# must I get them dirty? -Possible interpretations are 1) the lover reaches into the house through a hole in the door in order to open the door or 2) this describes the start of the sexual act. In this context, "hand" serves as a euphemism for a man's private parts. +This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I do not want to get them dirty." -## My beloved ## +# My beloved put in his hand through the opening of the door latch -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:12](../01/12.md). +Possible interpretations are 1) literal, the lover reaches into the house through a hole in the door in order to open the door or 2) euphemisic, they have begun to make love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## door latch ## +# beloved + +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# door latch "door lock" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/05.md b/sng/05/05.md index 719e048b18..d11ea72443 100644 --- a/sng/05/05.md +++ b/sng/05/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## I got up to open the door for my beloved ## +# I got up to open the door for my beloved -Possible meanings are 1) the young woman got out of bed in order to let her beloved into the house or 2) "I prepared myself in order to open up myself sexually to my beloved." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Possible meanings are 1) literal, the young woman got out of bed in order to let the man into the house, or 2), metaphorical. AT: "I prepared myself to make love with my beloved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## my hands...my fingers ## +# my hands ... my fingers ... door handle -The words "hands" and "fingers" likely refer to the private parts of a woman. +While these may be euphemisms for the woman's and man's bodies, it is best to translate literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## with moist myrrh ## +# with moist myrrh "with liquid myrrh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/06.md b/sng/05/06.md index 0f2c6c5507..18f682c0eb 100644 --- a/sng/05/06.md +++ b/sng/05/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -The young woman continues to describe her dream. +# General Information: -## I opened the door for my beloved ## +The woman continues to describe her dream. -AT: "I opened myself to my beloved." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# my beloved -## my beloved ## +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:12](../01/12.md). +# My heart sank -## My heart sank; I became despondent ## - -"My soul left, when he spoke." AT: "When he spoke, I felt like I had died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The heart is a metaphor for the person, and sinking, going down, is a metaphor for becoming weak or sad. AT: "I was very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/07.md b/sng/05/07.md index f0a9ed4e88..f4575a2ffd 100644 --- a/sng/05/07.md +++ b/sng/05/07.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## The watchmen ## +# The watchmen -those who watch and guard the city at night +men who have the job of keeping guard of the town at night to keep the people safe. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 3:3](../03/03.md). -## found me ## +# as they were making their rounds in the city -The word "me" refers to the young woman. +"who were walking around the city on the walls." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 3:3](../03/03.md). -## struck me ## +# found me + +found the woman + +# struck me "beat me" or "hit me" -## wounded me ## +# wounded me "injured me" -## the guards on the walls ## +# the guards on the walls "the men who guard the walls" -## cloak ## +# cloak -an outdoor overgarment that people wore over their other clothing on their upper body when they went out in public. \ No newline at end of file +a garment that people wore over the other clothing on their upper body when they went outdoors in public \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/08.md b/sng/05/08.md index 716268e00a..1e988e9fc2 100644 --- a/sng/05/08.md +++ b/sng/05/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Daughters…with you ## +# I want you to swear -See how you translated "I want you to swear, daughters of Jerusalem's men" in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). -## swear to me ## +# daughters of Jerusalem -The young woman wants the other women to make themselves legally obliged to help her. +"young women of Jerusalem." These young women could not hear her and were not present, but the woman speaks as if they were present and could hear her. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## sick because of love ## +# beloved -Her love is so strong that she feels sick. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# my beloved—What will you make known to him?—that I am + +The woman uses a question to introduce what she wants the daughters of Jerusalem to tell her beloved. AT: "my love, this is what I want you to say to him: tell him that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# sick from love + +She loves the man so strongly that she feels sick. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/09.md b/sng/05/09.md index 1dbeaf01b6..28ca5a006d 100644 --- a/sng/05/09.md +++ b/sng/05/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## you who are beautiful among women ## +# most beautiful among women -See how you translated "most beautiful of women" in [Song of Solomon 1:8](../01/08.md). +"you who are the most beautiful of all women." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:8](../01/08.md). -## Why is your beloved better ## +# Why is your beloved better "What makes your beloved better" -## that you ask us to take an oath like this ## +# that you ask us to take an oath like this "and causes you to have us take this oath" -## an oath like this ## +# an oath like this -See the oath in [Song of Solomon 5:8](./08.md). \ No newline at end of file +the oath in [Song of Solomon 5:8](./08.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/10.md b/sng/05/10.md index b9644fa884..dcf915eac5 100644 --- a/sng/05/10.md +++ b/sng/05/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## is radiant and ruddy ## +# beloved -It is implied that the woman is describing the skin of her beloved. AT: "has radiant and ruddy skin" +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). -## radiant ## +# is radiant and ruddy -"is completely healthy" or "is pure." The beloved has skin that does not have any problems. +This phrase refers to his complexion. AT: "has radiant and ruddy skin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## ruddy ## +# radiant + +"is completely healthy" or "is pure." The man has skin that does not have any problems. + +# ruddy a healthy color of the skin that is brownish red -## outstanding among ten thousand ## +# outstanding among ten thousand "the best of 10,000." AT: "better than anyone else" or "no one else is like him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## His head is the purest gold ## +# His head is the purest gold -The beloved's head is as precious to the woman as the purest gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The man's head is as precious to the woman as the purest gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## a raven ## +# a raven -a bird with very black feathers \ No newline at end of file +a bird with very black feathers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/12.md b/sng/05/12.md index 262d2560b2..afd66115c2 100644 --- a/sng/05/12.md +++ b/sng/05/12.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -The young woman continues to describe her beloved. +# General Information: -## His eyes are like doves ## +The young woman continues to describe the man. -See how you translated "your eyes are like doves" in [Song of Solomon 1:15](../01/15.md). +# His eyes are like doves -## beside streams of water ## +Translate "eyes are like doves" as in [Song of Solomon 1:15](../01/15.md). Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the woman considers the man's eyes beautiful because the way the man looks at her makes her think he is gentle. AT: "He is very gentle" or 2) the woman is speaking of the man's white eyeballs or the shape of his eyes, the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -The woman might be using this image to say that her beloved's eyes are moist like the streams of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# doves beside streams of water -## washed in milk ## +Birds that the Israelites considered gentle sitting beside a gently flowing stream are a metaphor for a gentle person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"washing themselves in milk." The doves represent the beloved's pupils. These are surrounded by the rest of his eyes, which are as white as milk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# streams of water -## mounted like jewels ## +"gently flowing water" -His eyes are so beautiful that they look like jewels that a craftsman has carefully put in place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +# bathed in milk + +Doves are a metaphor for the man's pupils, and milk is a metaphor for the whites of the man's eyes. You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "his pupils are washing themselves in milk" or "his pupils are surrounded by milk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# mounted like jewels + +His eyes are beautiful. Jewels that a craftsman has carefully put in place are beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/13.md b/sng/05/13.md index cd8da9fd55..b9dc70772f 100644 --- a/sng/05/13.md +++ b/sng/05/13.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -The young woman continues to describe her beloved. +# General Information: -## His cheeks...aromatic scents ## +The young woman continues to describe the man. + +# His cheeks ... aromatic scents This explains that his cheeks are like beds of spices because they both give off wonderful smells. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## beds of spices ## +# beds of spices -a garden or part of a garden where people grow spices +gardens or parts of gardens where people grow spices. Spices give people pleasure. The man's body gives the woman pleasure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## yielding aromatic scents ## +# yielding aromatic scents "that give off wonderful smells." -## His lips are lilies ## +# His lips are lilies The woman probably compares his lips with lilies because they are beautiful and smell wonderful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## lilies ## +# lilies See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:16](../02/16.md). -## dripping myrrh ## +# dripping liquid myrrh "that drip with the best myrrh." His lips are moist and have a wonderful smell like myrrh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/14.md b/sng/05/14.md index 4486739e9d..f2b0ac4139 100644 --- a/sng/05/14.md +++ b/sng/05/14.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -The young woman continues to describe her beloved. +# General Information: -## His arms are rounded gold set with jewels ## +The young woman continues to describe the man. -"His arms are cylinders of gold that have jewels all over them." The woman uses this image to say that his arms are beautiful and precious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# His arms are rounded gold set with jewels -## his abdomen is ivory covered with sapphires ## +"His arms are cylinders of gold that have jewels all over them." The woman uses this image to say that his arms are beautiful and precious. The first readers would have understood this as a metaphor for the male body part (See: [Song of Solomon 5:3](./03.md)), but this would be difficult to bring out in translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# his abdomen is ivory covered with sapphires "his belly is smooth ivory that has sapphires all over it." The woman uses this image to say that his belly is beautiful and precious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## ivory ## +# ivory the white tusk or tooth of an animal that is similar to bone. People use ivory to make smooth and shiny pieces of art. -## sapphires ## +# sapphires -Sapphire is a kind of clear, valuable stone. This kind of sapphire probably has a yellow or golden color. \ No newline at end of file +valuable stones that are either 1) blue or 2) clear and either blue or golden \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/15.md b/sng/05/15.md index 712234bae2..89f45e3a99 100644 --- a/sng/05/15.md +++ b/sng/05/15.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -The young woman continues to describe her beloved. +# General Information: -## His legs are pillars of marble ## +The woman continues to describe the man. -His legs are strong and beautiful like marble pillars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# His legs are pillars of marble, set on bases of pure gold -## marble ## +Marble and gold are strong and beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -a very strong stone that has many different colors and people and polish it to make it very smooth +# marble -## set on bases of pure gold ## +a very strong stone that has many different colors and that people polish to make very smooth -AT: "that have bases of pure gold as their foundation." His feet are valuable and precious like bases of pure gold that support the pillars of marble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# his appearance is like Lebanon -## his appearance is like Lebanon ## - -"he looks like Lebanon." Lebanon was a very beautiful area with many mountains and trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -## choice as the cedars ## - -"as desirable as the cedars" or "excellent like the cedars \ No newline at end of file +"he looks like Lebanon." Lebanon was a very beautiful area with many mountains and cedar trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/16.md b/sng/05/16.md index 605970d16c..cc02c438e7 100644 --- a/sng/05/16.md +++ b/sng/05/16.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -The young woman continues to describe her beloved. +# General Information: -## His mouth is most sweet ## +The young woman continues to describe the man. -The woman uses this image to describe the sweet kisses of her beloved or the sweet words that he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# His mouth is most sweet -## he is completely lovely ## +The mouth is a metonym for either 1) the man's sweet kisses or 2) the sweet words that he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"every part of is lovely" or "all of him is lovely" +# he is completely lovely -## This is my beloved, and this is my friend ## +"every part of him is lovely" or "all of him is lovely" -The word "This" refers to the person that the woman has just finished describing. You could also translate this phrase as "That is what my beloved is like, and that is what my friend is like." +# This is my beloved, and this is my friend -## daughters of Jerusalem's men ## +The word "This" refers to the man that the woman has just finished describing. AT: "That is what the one I love is like, and that is what my friend is like" -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:5](../01/05.md). \ No newline at end of file +# beloved + +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# daughters of Jerusalem + +"young women of Jerusalem." These young women could not hear her and were not present, but the woman speaks as if they were present and could hear her. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/05/intro.md b/sng/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e1f3dd527d --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Song of Solomon 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Verses 2-7 describe a dream the woman had. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Beauty ##### +The woman is described as the epitome of beauty in ancient Israel. Not all cultures share the same standards of beauty. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, this can be considered offensive. Different metaphors of beauty are used in different cultures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### "My sister, my bride" ##### +The woman described is not the sister of her husband. They are not related. Instead, this is a reference to a woman who is a fellow Israelite. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Song of Solomon 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/01.md b/sng/06/01.md index 8bf756fe48..c2b122bbbe 100644 --- a/sng/06/01.md +++ b/sng/06/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## In what direction has your beloved gone ## +# In what direction has your beloved gone "Which way did your beloved go" -## most beautiful among women ## +# your beloved -See how you translated "most beautiful of women" in [Song of Solomon 1:8](../01/08.md). +"the man you love" -## so that we may seek him with you ## +# most beautiful among women -AT: "Tell us, so that we can look for him with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +"you who are the most beautiful of all women." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:8](../01/08.md). + +# gone, so that we may seek him with you? + +You may need to supply the words omitted by the ellipsis. AT: "gone? Tell us, so that we can look for him with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/02.md b/sng/06/02.md index 5f144d6fe7..02084cbbc6 100644 --- a/sng/06/02.md +++ b/sng/06/02.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## My beloved gone down to his garden ## +# My beloved has gone down to his garden -See the explanation of this image in [Song of Solomon 5:1](../05/01.md). +The word "garden" is a metaphor for the woman. The man is finally able to fully enjoy the woman as they make love. See the explanation of this metaphor in [Song of Solomon 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -## to the beds of spices ## +# beloved -See how you translated "beds of spices" in [Song of Solomon 5:13](../05/13.md). The beloved has come to enjoy the physical attractions of the woman which are wonderful like spices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). -## to graze in the garden and to gather lilies ## +# beds of spices -The woman uses these images to indicate that her beloved is delighting in her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +gardens or parts of gardens where people grow spices. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 5:13](../05/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## graze ## +# to graze in the garden and to gather lilies -See how you translated "he grazes" in [Song of Solomon 2:16](../02/16.md). +These words are metaphors for the man enjoying her body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## to gather lilies ## +# graze + +"feeds" or "eats grass." The woman speaks of the man as if he were "a gazelle or a young stag" ([Song of Solomon 2:17](../02/16.md)) that eats plants among the lilies. Grazing is probably a metaphor for lovemaking ([Song of Solomon 2:1-2](../02/01.md)). See how you translated "he grazes" in [Song of Solomon 2:16](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to gather lilies "to pick lilies" -## lilies ## +# lilies -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:16](../02/16.md). +sweet-smelling flowers that grow in places where there is much water. Translate as the plural of "lily" in [Song of Solomon 2:1](../02/01.md). -## I belong to my lover, and my lover belongs to me ## +# I am my beloved's, and my beloved is mine -See how you translated "My beloved is mine, and I am his" in [Song of Solomon 2:16](../02/16.md). +See how you translated the similar phrase "My beloved is mine, and I am his" in [Song of Solomon 2:16](../02/16.md). -## he grazes among the lilies with pleasure ## +# he grazes among the lilies with pleasure See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:16](../02/16.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/04.md b/sng/06/04.md index 7a05e2e057..31190ecbd6 100644 --- a/sng/06/04.md +++ b/sng/06/04.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + Here begins Part Five of the book -## as beautiful as Tirzah, my love, as lovely as Jerusalem ## +# as beautiful as Tirzah, my love, as lovely as Jerusalem -The lover compares the woman's beauty and pleasantness with beautiful and pleasant cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +These cities were famous for being beautiful and pleasant to be in. The man thinks the woman is beautiful, and he takes pleasure in being with her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## lovely ## +# my love + +"you whom I love." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:9](../01/09.md). + +# lovely See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:5](../01/05.md). -## as awe-inspiring as an army with its banners ## +# as awe-inspiring as an army with its banners -inspiring as an army with its banners** - The beauty of the woman is so powerful that it makes the lover feel helpless, as if an army were approaching him. \ No newline at end of file +The beauty of the woman is so powerful that it makes the man feel helpless, as if an army were approaching him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/05.md b/sng/06/05.md index 62c637c6de..0f9287074e 100644 --- a/sng/06/05.md +++ b/sng/06/05.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -The lover continues to praise the woman. +# General Information: -## overwhelm me ## +The man continues to praise the woman. -"terrify me." The eyes of the woman are so beautiful that it makes the lover feel overwhelmed and afraid because he cannot resist their power. +# overwhelm me -## Your hair...from the slopes of Mount Gilead ## +"terrify me." The eyes of the woman are so beautiful that it makes the man feel weak and afraid because he cannot resist their power. -See how you translated "Your hair...from Mount Gilead" in [Song of Solomon 4:1](../04/01.md). \ No newline at end of file +# Your hair ... from the slopes of Gilead + +Translate "Your hair ... from Mount Gilead" as in [Song of Solomon 4:1](../04/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/06.md b/sng/06/06.md index be7741b8b8..031467b19b 100644 --- a/sng/06/06.md +++ b/sng/06/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -The lover continues to praise the woman. -Your cheeks are like pomegranate halves -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:3](../04/03.md). \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +The man continues to praise the woman. + +# Your teeth are like a flock of ewes + +After sheep have their wool cut off, they are washed and their skin looks very white. The woman's teeth are white. See how "Your teeth are like a flock of newly shorn ewes" is translated in [Song of Solomon 4:2](../04/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# coming up from the washing place + +The ewes are coming up out of the water. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:2](../04/02.md). AT: "that are coming up out of the water after people have washed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Each one has a twin + +Sheep usually give birth to two lambs at one time. These twin lamb usually look like one another. Each of the woman's teeth has a matching tooth on the other side of her mouth. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:2](../04/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# none among them is bereaved + +Each of the woman's teeth has a matching tooth on the other side of her mouth. She has not lost any of her teeth. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:2](../04/02.md). + +# bereaved + +lost a loved one who has died. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:2](../04/02.md). + +# are like pomegranate halves + +Pomegranates are smooth, round, and rich red. The man thinks the woman's cheeks are beautiful and show that she is healthy. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:3](../04/03.md). AT: "are red and round like two halves of a pomegranate" or "are red and full and healthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# behind your veil + +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:1](../04/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/08.md b/sng/06/08.md index 751947924c..d891bc4b3e 100644 --- a/sng/06/08.md +++ b/sng/06/08.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## There are sixty queens, eighty concubines ## +# There are sixty queens, eighty concubines ... young women without number -"There are 60 queens, 80 concubines." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +These numbers are to be large, then larger, and then beyond counting. AT: "There are 60 queens, 80 concubines ... more young women than anyone could count" or "There are many queens, even more concubines, and more young women than anyone could count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## young women without number ## +# My dove -The words, "without number" means that no one can count them. AT: "multitudes of young women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The Israelites considered doves beautiful birds with pleasant voices. The man thinks the woman's face and voice are beautiful. If calling a woman a "dove" would be offensive, you could leave out the metaphor. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:14](../02/14.md). AT: "You beautiful woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## My dove, my undefiled ## +# my undefiled -See how you translated "my dove, my undefiled one" in [Song of Solomon 5:2](../05/02.md). +"my perfect one" or "my faithful one" or "my innocent one." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 5:2](../05/02.md). -## is the only one ## +# the only daughter of her mother -"is unique" or "is one of a kind." The lover is contrasting the woman with all the other women. Although there are very many excellent women, this woman stands out as unique among the rest. +This is an exaggeration. AT: "her mother's special daughter" or "completely different from her mother's other daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## she is the special daughter of her mother ## - -"she is her mother's unique daughter" or "she is her mother's daughter that is one of a kind" - -## the woman who bore her ## +# the woman who bore her "the woman who gave birth to her." This phrase refers to her mother. -## and called her blessed ## +# young women ... queens ... concubines -"and declared that things had gone especially well for her" or "said that she was fortunate" \ No newline at end of file +the women spoken of in verse 8 + +# called her blessed + +"said that things had gone especially well for her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/10.md b/sng/06/10.md index 99212b25a5..b9bd37e3f8 100644 --- a/sng/06/10.md +++ b/sng/06/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -What the queens and the concubines said about the young woman. However, some versions think that the woman's lover is speaking in this verse also. +# General Information: -## Who is this who appears like the dawn ## +The ULB understands this to be what the queens and the concubines said about the woman. However, some versions understand these to be the words of the man. -They are using this question to say that they think the young woman is amazing. AT: "This is an amazing woman! She comes into view like the dawn." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Who is this who appears like the dawn ... banners? -## she appears like the dawn ## +They are using this question to say that they think the young woman is amazing. AT: "This is an amazing woman! She comes into view like the dawn ... banners!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AT: "she comes into view like the dawn." The lover uses this image to say that the woman is as beautiful and as majestic as the dawn when it begins to shine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# who appears like the dawn -## as awe-inspiring as an army with its banners ## +The dawn is beautiful. The woman is beautiful. AT: "who comes into view like the dawn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -inspiring as an army with its banners** - The beauty of the woman is so powerful that it makes the other women feel helpless, as if an army were approaching them. See how you translated this expression in [Song of Solomon 6:4](./04.md). \ No newline at end of file +# as awe-inspiring as an army with its banners + +The beauty of the woman is so powerful that it makes the other women feel helpless, as if an army were approaching them. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 6:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/11.md b/sng/06/11.md index 2bebecfa28..ace70460b4 100644 --- a/sng/06/11.md +++ b/sng/06/11.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -The lover finishes speaking to himself. +# General Information: -## grove ## +The man finishes speaking to himself. Looking to see if plants had matured is probably a metaphor for enjoying the sight of the woman's body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:12](../04/12.md). +# grove -## young growth ## +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:13](../04/12.md). + +# young growth "young plants" or "new shoots" -## had budded ## +# had budded "had grown their buds." Buds are the small round parts of plants which open up into flowers. -## were in bloom ## +# were in bloom "were opening their flowers" -## I was so happy that I felt was riding in the chariot of a prince ## +# I was so happy that I felt I was riding in the chariot of a prince -The lover uses this image to express how happy he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +The man uses this image to express how happy he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/13.md b/sng/06/13.md index 76b2e40b65..5ec9e0617c 100644 --- a/sng/06/13.md +++ b/sng/06/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,27 @@ -## Turn back ## +# General Information: -"Come back" +This is 7:1, the first verse of chapter seven, in some versions. The ULB understands this to be the friends and the woman talking to each other. Some versions understand this to be the man speaking to the woman. -## gaze ## +# Turn back ... gaze on you -look intently at something for a time +Possible interpretations are 1) the friends are speaking to the woman or 2) the man is referring to himself in plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -## as if I were dancing between two rows of dancers ## +# Turn back, turn back -It would be a wonderful thing to see the woman dancing with the other dancers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file +"Come back, come back." This is repeated for emphasis. + +# we may gaze + +Some versions understand the plural to refer to the man speaking of himself. AT: "I may gaze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# gaze + +look intently for a long time + +# Why do you gaze on the perfect woman ... armies + +Possible interpretations are 1) the woman refers to herself as another person and is speaking to the friends or 2) the woman is speaking to the man as if he were many men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# as if on the dance between two armies + +"as if she were dancing between two armies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/06/intro.md b/sng/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9343fd2279 --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Song of Solomon 06 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Beauty ##### +The woman is described as the epitome of beauty in ancient Israel. Not all cultures share the same standards of beauty. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphors ##### +In the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, this can be considered offensive. Different metaphors of beauty are used in different cultures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Song of Solomon 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/01.md b/sng/07/01.md index 6c50fc0c6a..3228ba07cc 100644 --- a/sng/07/01.md +++ b/sng/07/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## How beautiful your feet appear in your sandals ## +# General Information: -It is implied by continuing from [Song of Solomon 6:13](../06/13.md) that the woman's lover is describing her as she dances. AT: "Your feet are so very beautiful in your sandals as you dance." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This is 7:2, the second verse of chapter seven, in some versions. -## prince's daughter ## +# How beautiful your feet appear in your sandals -Though the woman was not born into a royal family, the way she looks and acts cause her to seem to be the daughter of a prince. AT: "you who have a noble character" or "you who are elegant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +It may be that the woman is dancing ([Song of Solomon 6:13](../06/13.md)). AT: "Your feet are so very beautiful in your sandals as you dance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## The curves of your thighs are like jewels ## +# prince's daughter -The shape of the woman's thighs are like a beautiful precious stone which a skilled workman carved into the perfect shape. AT: "The curves of your thighs are beautiful like the beautiful curves of jewel that a skill craftsman made." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Another possible interpretation is "you who have a noble character." -## your thighs ## +# The curves of your thighs are like jewels -The word "thighs" refers to the hips of a woman and the part of her legs that is above her knee. \ No newline at end of file +The shape of the woman's thighs remind the speaker of a beautiful precious stone that a skilled workman has carved. AT: "The curves of your thighs are beautiful like the beautiful curves of jewel that a skilled craftsman has made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# your thighs + +The word "thighs" refers to the hips of a woman and the part of her legs that is above her knee. + +# the work of the hands of a master craftsman + +The hands are a synecdoche for the person. AT: "the work of a master craftsman" or "something that a master craftsman has made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/02.md b/sng/07/02.md index 8483333390..326778b59b 100644 --- a/sng/07/02.md +++ b/sng/07/02.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + The young woman's lover continues describing the one he loves. -## Your navel is like a round bowl ## +# Your navel is like a round bowl -The woman's navel is perfectly shaped like a bowl. AT: "Your belly button is shaped perfectly like a round bowl." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +A bowl is round. The woman's navel is round. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## navel ## +# navel -the indented spot on the stomach, which is the scar left from the cord that attached a baby to its mother +the spot on the stomach left from the cord that attaches a baby to its mother -## may it never lack mixed wine ## +# may it never lack mixed wine -People used large bowls to mix wine with water or snow for a feast. People enjoyed the taste of wine at a feast. AT: "may I always enjoy its beauty" or "may people always rejoice in its beauty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +People used large bowls to mix wine with water or spices at feasts. Drinking wine is a metaphor for enjoying beauty. The litotes can be translated as a positive. AT: "may it always contain mixed wine" or "may I always enjoy its beauty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -## Your belly is like a mound of wheat ## +# Your belly is like a mound of wheat encircled with lilies -People thought that the color of wheat was the most beautiful color of skin and that the round piles of wheat were beautiful. AT: "Your belly has a beautiful color and is round like a pile of wheat." +The Israelites thought mounds of wheat and lilies were pleasant to look at. Much wheat was a sign that there would be much food to eat. They threshed wheat in high, dry places, and lilies grow in low, wet places, so this simile combines beautiful sights that people would not usually see at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## a mound of wheat ## +# Your belly is like a mound of wheat -This is a pile of the grains of wheat after people thresh and winnow the wheat. +People thought that the color of wheat was the most beautiful color of skin and that round piles of wheat were beautiful. AT: "Your belly has a beautiful color and is round like a pile of wheat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## encircled with lilies ## +# a mound of wheat -The beautiful flowers make the pile of wheat seem even more beautiful. AT: "that has lilies all around it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is a pile of the grains of wheat after people remove the parts of it that they do not use. -## lilies ## +# encircled with lilies -a type of large flowers \ No newline at end of file +"with lilies all around it" + +# lilies + +sweet-smelling flowers that grow in places where there is much water. Translate as the plural of "lily" in [Song of Solomon 2:1](../02/01.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/03.md b/sng/07/03.md index b5d28bd4a3..27ab61ecf7 100644 --- a/sng/07/03.md +++ b/sng/07/03.md @@ -1,33 +1,51 @@ -The young woman's lover continues describing the one he loves. +# General Information: -## Your two breasts are like two fawns, twins of a gazelle ## +The man continues describing the woman. -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:4](../04/04.md). +# two breasts -## Your neck is like a tower of ivory ## +If the word "two" seems unnecessary and so out of place, you could omit it. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:5](../04/04.md). -The lover compares her neck to a tower made of ivory. (Simile: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# like two fawns, twins of a gazelle -## ivory ## +The man implies that the woman's breasts are matching, soft, and perhaps small. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:5](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# twins + +the babies of a mother who gave birth to two babies at one time. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 4:5](../04/04.md). + +# gazelle + +an animal that looks like a deer and moves quickly. Translate as the singular of "gazelles" as in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). + +# Your neck is like a tower of ivory + +A tower is long and straight. Ivory is white. The woman's neck is long and straight, and her skin is light in color. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a tower of ivory + +"a tower that people have decorated with ivory" + +# ivory the white tusk or tooth of an animal that is similar to bone. People use ivory to make art and to make things look beautiful. -## eyes like the pools in Heshbon ## +# your eyes are the pools in Heshbon -AT: "your eyes are clear and sparkle like the pools of water in Heshbon." +The woman's eyes are spoken of as if they are clear pools of water. Pools of water are clear and sparkle in the sunlight and so are pleasant to look at. The woman's eyes are clear and sparkle and so are pleasant to look at. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "your eyes are as clear as the pools in Heshbon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## Heshbon ## +# Heshbon -the name of a city east of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +the name of a city east of the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Bath Rabbim ## +# Bath Rabbim the name of a city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## nose is like the tower in Lebanon ## +# nose is like the tower in Lebanon -Her nose is long and straight just like the tower is tall and straight. +A tower is tall and straight, and her nose is tall and straight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## that looks toward Damascus ## +# that looks toward Damascus -"that allows people to look toward Damascus" \ No newline at end of file +The tower looking is a metonym for people on the tower looking. AT: "that allows people to look toward Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/05.md b/sng/07/05.md index 6f227c21ad..073856afce 100644 --- a/sng/07/05.md +++ b/sng/07/05.md @@ -1,17 +1,23 @@ -The lover continues to describe the one he loves. +# General Information: -## head on you is like Carmel ## +The man continues to describe the woman. -​ The woman is compared to Mount Carmel that rises up above everything else around it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# Your head is on you like Carmel -## dark purple ## +Mount Carmel is higher than everything else around it. The man wants to look at the woman's head more than at anything else. AT: "Your head is on you like a crown, higher than anything else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -Possible translations are 1) "dark black" or 2) "dark red." +# dark purple -## The king is held captive by its tresses ## +Other possible translations are 1) "dark black" or 2) "dark red." -AT: "Your hair that hangs down is so beautiful that the king is not able to stop admiring it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# The king is held captive by its tresses -## tresses ## +This can be translated in active form. AT: "Your hair that hangs down is so beautiful that the king is not able to stop admiring it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -the clusters of hair that hang down from a woman's head. You can also translate this word as "locks" or "curls" or "ringlets." \ No newline at end of file +# tresses + +the clusters of hair that hang down from a woman's head. + +# love + +"you whom I love" or "you who are loved" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/07.md b/sng/07/07.md index e2e8379471..927a6b75d3 100644 --- a/sng/07/07.md +++ b/sng/07/07.md @@ -1,29 +1,35 @@ -The lover describes what he would like to do with the one he loves. +# General Information: -## Your height is like that of a date palm tree ## +The man describes what he would like to do with the woman . -"You stand up like a date palm tree." The woman is tall, stands straight, and is attractive just like a date palm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# Your height is like that of a date palm tree -## date palm tree ## +"You stand up like a date palm tree." Date palm trees are tall and straight, and their branches are only at the top, with the fruit under the branches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# date palm tree a tall, straight tree that produces a sweet, brown, and sticky fruit that grows in groups -## your breasts like clusters of fruit ## +# your breasts like clusters of fruit -The dates on a palm tree grow in very large and beautiful bunches that hang down from the tree. +The dates on a palm tree grow soft and round in large bunches that hang from the tree just below the branches, which are all at the top. The woman's breasts are soft and round and are just lower than her arms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## I want to climb...its branches ## +# I said -The man wants to hold the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"I thought" or "I said to myself." The man said this silently. -## May your breasts be like clusters of grapes ## +# I want to climb ... its branches -The man wants to touch her breasts that are firm but soft just like grapes that are full of their juice. +The man wants to embrace the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## may the fragrance of your nose be like apricots ## +# May your breasts be like clusters of grapes -AT: "may the breath coming from your nose smell sweet like apricots." +The man wants to touch her breasts. Clusters of grapes are round and soft. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## apricots ## +# may the fragrance of your nose be like apricots -The word "apricots" refers to tasty, yellow-colored, sweet pieces of fruit. \ No newline at end of file +The word "nose" is a metonym for the breath coming out of the nose. AT: "may the breath coming from your nose smell sweet like apricots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# apricots + +sweet yellow fruit \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/09.md b/sng/07/09.md index 8afe3ac03c..a74d821ac0 100644 --- a/sng/07/09.md +++ b/sng/07/09.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -The lover continues describing what he would like to do with the one he loves. +# General Information: -## May your mouth be like the best wine ## +The man continues describing what he would like to do with the woman. -AT: "I want to taste your mouth like the best wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# May your palate be like the best wine -## flowing smoothly to my beloved ## +The palate is a metonym for the lips. Wine tastes good. The man wants to kiss the woman's lips. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -"that flows smoothly for the one I love." The lover enjoys the smooth kisses of the woman. +# flowing smoothly for my beloved -## gliding over our lips and teeth ## +"that flows smoothly for the one I love." The man enjoys the smooth kisses of the woman. -"that flows over my lips and teeth" or "slides over our lips and teeth." \ No newline at end of file +# gliding over the lips of those who sleep + +"that flows over our lips as we sleep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/10.md b/sng/07/10.md index 4be1c7e668..7523970808 100644 --- a/sng/07/10.md +++ b/sng/07/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## I am my beloved's ## +# I am my beloved's -See how you translated "I belong to my lover" in [Song of Solomon 6:2](../06/02.md). +Translate "My beloved is mine, and I am his" as in [Song of Solomon 2:16](../02/16.md). -## and he desires me ## +# my beloved's -"and he is passionate about me" or "and he wants me" \ No newline at end of file +Some versions such as the UDB understand the word "beloved" to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). + +# he desires me + +"he wants to make love to me" or "he wants me" + +# spend the night in the villages + +Though the words here translated "spend the night" and "villages" appear together in [Song of Solomon 1:13-14](../01/12.md) as "spends the night" and "henna flowers," and the context both here and there is lovemaking, the ULB chooses this reading because the immediate metaphor is of the man and woman sleeping in the village, rising in the morning, and going out into the vineyards. The word for "henna plants" and the word for "villages" sound exactly the same. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/12.md b/sng/07/12.md index f695d80e08..3801b6ca0c 100644 --- a/sng/07/12.md +++ b/sng/07/12.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -The woman continues to speak to her beloved. +# General Information: -## rise early ## +The woman continues to speak to the man. + +# rise early "get up early" or "wake up early" -## have budded ## +# have budded -"are in the beginning of blooming" +"have begun to bloom" -## blossoms ## +# blossoms flowers when they are open -## are in flower ## +# are in flower "have flowers open on the plant" -## I will give you my love ## +# I will give you my love -"I will show you my love" or "I will make love with you" \ No newline at end of file +"I will make love with you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/13.md b/sng/07/13.md index cee772b2cb..017b99187b 100644 --- a/sng/07/13.md +++ b/sng/07/13.md @@ -1,21 +1,27 @@ -The woman continues to speak to her beloved. +# General Information: -## mandrakes ## +The woman continues to speak to the man. -This is the name of plants that give off a strong but pleasant scent. The scent is slightly intoxicating and stimulating which increases the desire to make love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# mandrakes -## give off their fragrance ## +This is the name of plants that give off a strong but pleasant scent. The scent is slightly intoxicating and stimulating, which increases the desire to make love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -"produce their scent" +# give off their fragrance -## at the door ## +"produce their scent" or "smell very nice" -It is implied that the doors belong to their house. AT: "above the entrances of our house" or "by the doors of our house." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# at the door -## are all sorts of choice fruits, new and old ## +The doors belong to their house. AT: "above the entrances of our house" or "by the doors of our house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# are all sorts of choice fruits, new and old "is every kind of the best fruit, both old fruit and new fruit" -## stored up for you ## +# stored up for you -"saved for you" or "protected for you" \ No newline at end of file +"saved so I can give to you" + +# beloved + +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/07/intro.md b/sng/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a603cd850b --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Song of Solomon 07 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Beauty ##### +The woman is described as the epitome of beauty in ancient Israel. Not all cultures share the same the same standards of beauty. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Similes ##### +There are many similes in this chapter. Their purpose is to describe the beauty of the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Song of Solomon 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/01.md b/sng/08/01.md index 71db6b31c2..578c4214c3 100644 --- a/sng/08/01.md +++ b/sng/08/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -## you were like my brother ## +# you were like my brother -The woman wishes that she could show her lover her affection in public as she could do her brother. She is not saying that a woman is allowed to make love with her brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +A woman could show affection for her brother in public. This woman wanted to be able to show affection for the man in public. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## you outside ## +# you outside "you in public" -## I could kiss you ## +# I could kiss you -A woman would probably kiss her brother on his cheek in order to greet him. +A woman would probably kiss her brother on his cheek order to greet him. -## would despise me ## +# would despise me -"would make me feel ashamed" \ No newline at end of file +"would think that I am a bad person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/02.md b/sng/08/02.md index acab807019..d747e20c35 100644 --- a/sng/08/02.md +++ b/sng/08/02.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ -The young woman continues to speak to her lover. +# General Information: -## I would lead you and bring you into my mother's house ## +The young woman continues to speak to the man. -If the lover were her brother, she could bring him to the family home. This was normal in that culture and is still today in some. +# I would lead you and bring you into my mother's house -## and you would teach me ## +If the man were her brother, she could bring him to the family home. This was normal in that culture and is still today in some. -This could also be translated as "and she would teach me." Because the woman is inexperienced in making love, she is imagining that her lover or her mother would teach her how to make love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# she who taught me -## I would give you spiced wine to drink / and some of the juice of my pomegranates ## +taught her how to make love (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -The woman uses these images to say that she will give herself to her lover and make love with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# I would give you spiced wine to drink and some of the juice of my pomegranates -## spiced wine ## +The woman uses these images to say that she will give herself to the man and make love with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"wine with spices" or "wine that has spices in it" This represents the intoxicating power of love-making. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# spiced wine -## juice of my pomegranates ## +"wine with spices" or "wine that has spices in it." This represents the intoxicating power of lovemaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -The woman represents her own sweet liquid with the extract of pomegranates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# His left hand ... embraces me -## His left hand...embracing me ## +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:6](../02/05.md). -See how you translated "His left hand is under my head, and his right hand embraces me" in [Song of Solomon 2:5](../02/05.md). \ No newline at end of file +# left hand ... right hand + +"left arm ... right arm" + +# embraces me + +"holds me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/04.md b/sng/08/04.md index 6863e6b0ec..f1381accbf 100644 --- a/sng/08/04.md +++ b/sng/08/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I want you...Jerusalem's men ## +# I want you to swear -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md) -## that you will...until it is over ## +# daughters of Jerusalem + +"young women of Jerusalem." These young women could not hear her and were not present, but the woman speaks as if they were present and could hear her. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# that you will ... until it is over See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:7](../02/07.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/05.md b/sng/08/05.md index 91ca417268..cdfd0b2fc4 100644 --- a/sng/08/05.md +++ b/sng/08/05.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ +# General Information: + Here begins Part Six of the book, the final part -## Who is this who is coming up ## +# Who is this who is coming up -AT: "Look at this amazing woman as she comes up." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Song of Solomon 6:10](../06/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +They are using this question to say that they think the young woman is amazing. A similar phrase was translated in in [Song of Solomon 6:10](../06/10.md). AT: "Look at this amazing woman as she comes up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## I awakened you ## +# I awakened you "I woke you up" or "I aroused you" -## the apricot tree ## +# the apricot tree -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:3](../02/03.md). +a tree that produces a small yellow fruit that is very sweet. If your readers will not know what this is, you could use the word for another fruit tree or the general word "fruit tree." See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:3](../02/03.md). -## there ## +# there under the apricot tree -## she delivered you ## +# she delivered you "she bore you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/06.md b/sng/08/06.md index 15fd8a5b20..f50dc7b135 100644 --- a/sng/08/06.md +++ b/sng/08/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -The young woman continues to speak to her lover. -Set me as a seal over your heart, -Possible meanings are 1) Because seals were very important, people kept them around their neck or on their hand constant. The woman wants to be with her lover constantly like a seal. or 2) A seal shows who owns the thing that has the seal on it. The woman wants herself as the seal on her lover's heart and arm to show that all of his thoughts, emotions, and actions belong to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# General Information: -## for love is as strong as death ## +The young woman continues to speak to the man. + +# Set me as a seal over your heart, like a seal on your arm + +Possible meanings are 1) because seals were very important, people always kept them around their neck or on their hand. The woman wants to be with the man constantly like a seal, or 2) a seal shows who owns the thing that has the seal on it, and the woman wants herself as the seal on the man's heart and arm to show that all of his thoughts, emotions, and actions belong to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# for love is as strong as death Death is very strong because it overcomes even the most powerful people of the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## as unrelenting as sheol ## +# as unrelenting as Sheol -"as tough as sheol." Sheol never allows people to come back to life after they have already died. Love is as persistent as sheol because it never changes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"as tough as Sheol." Sheol never allows people to come back to life after they have already died. Love is as persistent as Sheol because it never changes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## its flames burst out...any other fire ## +# its flames burst out ... any other fire Love is very powerful like fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## burst out ## +# burst out "burn suddenly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/07.md b/sng/08/07.md index 79ff56e91a..b8b8e53b31 100644 --- a/sng/08/07.md +++ b/sng/08/07.md @@ -1,41 +1,47 @@ -The young woman continues to speak to her lover. +# General Information: -## Surging waters cannot quench love ## +The young woman continues to speak to the man. + +# Surging waters cannot quench love Love is so strong that it is like a fire that is so hot that it cannot be put out even with an ocean full of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Surging waters ## +# Surging waters "Oceans of water" or "Huge amounts of water" -## cannot quench ## +# cannot quench "cannot extinguish" or "cannot put out" -## nor can floods sweep it away ## +# nor can floods sweep it away Love never changes and always stays the same so it is like something that not even a powerful flood can move. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## floods ## +# floods -In Israel, water from the rain flows into deep and narrow valleys. This creates a flood of water so powerful that it can move huge boulders and trees. Even today, floods sometimes sweep away very strong bridges. +In Israel, water from the rain flows into deep and narrow valleys. This creates a flood of water so powerful that it can move huge boulders and trees. -## sweep it away ## +# sweep it away "carry it away" or "wash it away" -## If a man gave...the offer would utterly be despised ## +# If a man gave ... the offer would utterly be despised -"Even if a man...he would be utterly despised." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +This is something that could possibly happen. AT: "Even if a man ... he would be utterly despised." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -## all the possessions in his house ## +# gave + +offered to give + +# all the possessions in his house "everything he owns" -## for love ## +# for love "in order to get love" or "in order to buy love" -## the offer would utterly be despised ## +# the offer would utterly be despised -"people would completely despise him" or "people would harshly ridicule him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be translated in active form. AT: "people would completely despise him" or "people would harshly ridicule him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/08.md b/sng/08/08.md index e6c8445ce3..db7ceed3b7 100644 --- a/sng/08/08.md +++ b/sng/08/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## little sister ## +# little sister "young sister" -## she will be promised in marriage ## +# What can we do ... in marriage? -AT: "a man comes and wants to marry her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file +The speaker uses this question to introduce what he wants to say. AT: "This is what we will do ... in marriage." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# she will be promised in marriage + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "a man comes and wants to marry her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/09.md b/sng/08/09.md index e008647dcb..a989dbcafc 100644 --- a/sng/08/09.md +++ b/sng/08/09.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The young woman's brothers continue to speak among themselves. -## If she is a wall...boards of cedar ## +# If she is a wall ... If she is a door -Because her breasts are small, she has a flat chest like a flat wall or a flat door. The brothers decide to give her decorations in order to help their sister look more beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The little sister ([Song of Solomon 8:8](./08.md)) has very small breasts that either have not grown or are very small. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will adorn her ## +# we will build on her a tower of silver ... we will adorn her with boards of cedar + +The brothers decide to decorate the little sister with silver and cedar, symbols of riches, so that she will be more likely to attract a good husband. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# will adorn her "will decorate her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/10.md b/sng/08/10.md index 0e60ca92a3..88789e6121 100644 --- a/sng/08/10.md +++ b/sng/08/10.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## my breasts are now like fortress towers ## +# I was a wall -The woman's breasts are tall like towers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The wall is a metaphor for a woman with small breasts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## so I am completely mature in his eyes ## +# my breasts are now like fortress towers -AT: "so he sees that I am completely mature" or "so he understands that I am completely mature." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Fortress towers are tall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## in his eyes ## +# I am in his eyes as one -The word "his" refers to the woman's lover. \ No newline at end of file +Here eyes are a metonym for judgment or value. AT: "I am in his judgment as one" or "he thinks of me as one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# brings peace + +You may need to make explicit to whom the woman brings peace. AT: "brings him peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# peace + +"well-being" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/11.md b/sng/08/11.md index ede45fae35..167e7d5cc3 100644 --- a/sng/08/11.md +++ b/sng/08/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,47 @@ -## Baal Hamon ## +# General Information: + +Possible interpretations: 1) The woman contrasts the way she wants to give herself to the man, who will give her his love, to the way Solomon leases out his vineyard to those who will give him money. 2) The man contrasts the woman, whom he will not give to another man, to Solomon's vineyard, which he gave to other men. + +# Baal Hamon This is the name of a town in the northern part of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). -## leased the vineyard ## +# gave the vineyard -"rented out the vineyard" +leased, agreed to let other people pay him so they could grow grapes in the vineyard -## to those who would maintain it ## +# to those who would maintain it "to people who would take care of it" -## Each one was to bring a thousand shekels of silver for its fruit ## +# Each one was to bring a thousand shekels of silver for its fruit -AT: "Each man was supposed to give Solomon a thousand shekels as payment for the fruit of the vineyard." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +It may be helpful to state that this payment was for the fruit of the vineyard. AT: "Each man was supposed to give Solomon a thousand shekels as payment for the fruit of the vineyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## to bring a thousand shekels of silver ## +# to bring a thousand shekels of silver -"to bring 1,000 shekels of silver." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) +"to bring 1,000 shekels of silver." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## My vineyard is my very own ## +# My vineyard, my very own -"I am in charge of my own vineyard." The woman refers to herself as a vineyard as in [Song of Solomon 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The woman refers to herself as a vineyard, as in [Song of Solomon 1:6](../01/05.md). Here she emphasizes that she and no one else will decide what she dies with the "vineyard." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the thousand shekels belong to you, my dear Solomon ## +# is before me -The woman freely gives the profit of the vineyard to Solomon even though it belongs to her and she can give it to whomever she wants. \ No newline at end of file +This is an idiom that means the a person has the right to do what they want with something. AT: "is at my disposal" or "is mine to do with as I desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the thousand shekels are for you, Solomon + +The woman knows that Solomon has leased out the vineyard so he can get money, but she does not want money. + +# shekels + +"coins" + +# Solomon + +Some versions understand the woman to be speaking directly to Solomon. Others understand her to be speaking in an apostrophe to her friends, to the man, or to herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) + +# the two hundred shekels + +The speaker has not mentioned these before, but the hearer would understand that she is speaking of the money that those who worked the vineyard would have left for their own after they paid Solomon. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/13.md b/sng/08/13.md index 253b9cd60a..de57b20968 100644 --- a/sng/08/13.md +++ b/sng/08/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## for your voice ## +# You who live -"to your voice" +The man is speaking to the woman, so "you" and "live" are feminine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## let me be the one to hear it as well ## +# listening for your voice -"let me hear it." The word "it" refers to the woman's voice. \ No newline at end of file +The voice is a metonym for what the person says. If your language has a word for thinking only of what one is listening for, you could use it here. AT: "waiting to hear you start speaking" or "waiting to hear what you have to say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# let me hear it + +"let me hear your voice." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/14.md b/sng/08/14.md index bf3ca83d55..4d5f167bcb 100644 --- a/sng/08/14.md +++ b/sng/08/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## be like a gazelle or a young stag ## +# beloved -See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:16](../02/16.md). +Some versions such as the UDB understand this word to refer to the one who loves the woman, but the ULB understands it to refer to the one whom the woman loves. See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 1:13](../01/12.md). -## the mountains of spices ## +# like a gazelle or a young stag -"the mountains that have spices all over them." The woman uses this imagery to invite her lover to enjoy her. See how the lover uses the imagery of a mountain of myrrh and a hill of frankincense in [Song of Solomon 4:6](../04/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +See how you translated this in [Song of Solomon 2:9](../02/08.md). + +# gazelle + +a type of slender deer-like animal with long curved horns + +# stag + +an adult male deer + +# the mountains of spices + +"the mountains that have spices all over them." The woman uses this metaphor to invite the man to make love to her. See how the man uses the metaphor of a mountain of myrrh and a hill of frankincense in [Song of Solomon 4:6](../04/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/08/intro.md b/sng/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5e1a508844 --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Song of Solomon 08 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Kisses ##### +The kisses in this chapter are a type of kiss that was only done between a husband and a wife. It is an intimate kiss. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Passion ##### +The chapter describes the passion that can exist between a husband and a wife. This is the feeling of strong or uncontrollable desire for another person. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Song of Solomon 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/front/intro.md b/sng/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..67af2a6b54 --- /dev/null +++ b/sng/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +# Introduction to The Song of Solomon # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of The Song of Solomon #### + +1. The bride longs for the bridegroom to arrive (1:1–2:7) +1. The bridegroom praises the woman he loves (2:8–3:5) +1. The bridegroom arrives and praises the bride (3:6–5:1) +1. The bride longs for the bridegroom (5:2–6:9) +1. The bridegroom praises the beauty of his bride (6:1–8:4) +1. Final thoughts about love between a man and a woman (8:5–14) + +#### What is the Song of Solomon about? #### + +The Song of Solomon is a poem or a series of poems about the love between a man and a woman. It became traditional for Jews to interpret the book as a picture of God's love for the people of Israel. In the same way, it became traditional for Christians to interpret it as a picture of Christ's love for all Christian believers. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +This book may also be called the "Songs of Love," "Great Poems of Love" or "The Love Songs of Solomon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote The Song of Solomon? #### + +The idea that Solomon, king of Israel, was its author comes from the opening verse of the book ("The Song of Songs, which is Solomon's"). However, there are different ways to interpret this verse, so not everyone is persuaded that Solomon was the book's author. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What place do the descriptions of sexual behavior have in The Song of Solomon? #### + +The Song of Solomon shows approval of sexual behavior as an expression of love between a husband and wife. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### How many characters are in The Song of Solomon? #### + +The two main characters in this book are the man and the woman, who love each other. There is also the group of women to whom the young woman speaks, and who also themselves make comments, but that group of women might be imaginary, existing only in the young woman's mind. + +Some interpreters believe there may be more characters than these, but this is not certain. The interpretation adopted by the ULB and UDB recognize only the man, the woman, and the group of women. + +#### How should one translate The Song of Solomon if the readers will view certain terms as coarse, vulgar, or improper? #### + +There are many images or forms appearing in the Song of Solomon that, when translated, may be considered improper. The translator should try to avoid offensive language if possible, by using expressions that will not cause offense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +#### How do I translate metaphors in this book? #### +There are many metaphors in this book. These metaphors are often ambiguous. If they have sexual meanings, metaphors describing feelings or emotions are often used as euphemisms in order to avoid offense by veiling their meaning. However, since their meanings are often very unclear, ambiguity in translation is encouraged. You might choose to translate the words as they are written in order to avoid committing to a specific meaning or defining the precise intended meaning. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/01.md b/tit/01/01.md index 932d19cf2d..8ff39ee1ce 100644 --- a/tit/01/01.md +++ b/tit/01/01.md @@ -1,43 +1,27 @@ -## Paul ## +# for the faith of -"From Paul." Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. AT: "I, Paul, wrote this letter." +to strengthen the faith of -## a servant of God and an apostle of Jesus Christ ## +# that agrees with godliness -The phrase "I am" is implied. AT: "I am a servant of God and an apostle of Jesus Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]). +"that is suitable for honoring God" -## to establish the faith ## - -AT: "I work to establish the faith" or "I work to build up the faith." - -## God's elect ## - -"God's chosen people" or "people who were chosen by God" - -## to establish - ## - -** "to firmly set in place" - -## which agrees with godliness ## - -"that agrees with God's rules" or "which is good for holy people" - -## God, who is without lies ## - -"God, who never lies" - -## before all the ages of time. ## +# before all the ages of time "before time began" -## at the right time ## +# At the right time -"at the proper time" +"At the proper time" -## he trusted me to deliver ## +# he revealed his word -AT: "I was entrusted to proclaim" or "he gave me the responsibility to preach." +Paul speaks of God's message as if it were an object that could be visibly shown to people. AT: "He proclaimed his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## God our Savior ## +# he trusted me to deliver -"God, who saved us" (See: UDB). \ No newline at end of file +"I was entrusted to proclaim" or "he gave me the responsibility to preach" + +# God our savior + +"God, who saves us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/04.md b/tit/01/04.md index 4f910f4137..4efca506f4 100644 --- a/tit/01/04.md +++ b/tit/01/04.md @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ -## a true son ## +# a true son -Titus was not Paul's actual son. AT: "you are like a son to me." (UDB) +Though Titus was not Paul's biological son, they share a common faith in Christ. Thus, in Christ, Paul considers Titus as his own son. AT: "you are like a son to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## our common faith ## +# our common faith -AT: "the faith in Christ that we both share" or "the same teachings that we both believe in." +Paul expresses the same faith in Christ that they both share. AT: "the teachings that we both believe" -## Grace, mercy, and peace ## +# Grace and peace -This was a common greeting. AT: "May grace, mercy, and peace be yours" or "may you experience kindness, mercy, and peace within." +This was a common greeting Paul used. You can state clearly the understood information. AT: "May you experience kindness and peace within" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## Christ Jesus our Savior ## +# Christ Jesus our savior -"Christ Jesus who is our Savior" +"Christ Jesus who is our savior" -## For this purpose ## +# For this purpose -AT: "This is the reason" +"This is the reason" -## I left you in Crete ## +# I left you in Crete -AT: "I told you to stay in Crete." +"I told you to stay in Crete" -## that you might set in order things not yet complete ## +# that you might set in order things not yet complete "so that you would finish arranging things that needed to done" -## ordain elders ## +# ordain elders -That is, "appoint elders" (See: UDB) or "designate elders" \ No newline at end of file +"appoint elders" or "designate elders" + +# elders + +In the early Christian churches, Christian elders gave spiritual leadership to the assemblies of believers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/06.md b/tit/01/06.md index 8c6d1b19d6..f8321efaeb 100644 --- a/tit/01/06.md +++ b/tit/01/06.md @@ -1,35 +1,31 @@ -## An elder must be without blame ## +# Connecting Statement: -This is a double negative emphasizing moral character. AT: “with integrity” or “with a good reputation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) +Having told Titus to ordain elders in every city on the island of Crete, Paul gives the requirements for elders. -## husband of one wife ## +# An elder must be without blame, the husband -A man must have only one wife. It is unclear if this excludes men who have been previously widowed or divorced, or never married. +To be "without blame" is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. AT: "An elder must not have a bad reputation and must be the husband" -## faithful children ## +# the husband of one wife + +"a faithful husband." Possible meanings are 1) does not pursue relationships with other women or 2) does not have a second wife or concubine. + +# faithful children Possible meanings are 1) children who believe in Jesus or 2) children who are trustworthy. -## not categorized as ## +# undisciplined -"not known as" or "do not have the reputation as" +"rebellious" or "failing to follow rules" -## undisciplined ## +# God's household manager -"rebellious" or "does not follow rules" +Paul speaks of the church as if it were God's household and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing the household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## It is necessary for the overseer ## +# not addicted to wine -AT: "An overseer must." +"not an alcoholic" or "not one who drinks much wine" -## God's house manager ## +# not a brawler -"a steward of God," or "as one responsible for the house of God." - -## not addicted to wine ## - -"not an alcoholic" or "not a drunkard" or "does not drink too much wine" - -## brawler ## - -"violent" or "who likes to fight" (UDB) \ No newline at end of file +"not one who is violent" or "not one who likes to fight" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/08.md b/tit/01/08.md index 073d1c2421..e8729b5e7d 100644 --- a/tit/01/08.md +++ b/tit/01/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,15 @@ -(Paul continues to describe the type of men that Titus should appoint as elders in the churches.) +# Instead -## a friend to strangers ## +Paul is changing his argument from what an elder is not to be to what an elder is to be. -AT: "hospitable." +# a friend of what is good -## a friend of what is good ## +"a person who loves what is good" -"love the things that are good" (UDB) +# hold tightly to -## tightly hold to ## +Paul speaks of devotion to the Christian faith as if it were grasping the faith with one's hands. AT: "be devoted to" or "know well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"be devoted to" or "know well" or "have a strong understanding of" +# good teaching -## the trustworthy word of doctrine ## - -AT: "the truth of the word" or "the teaching of the word that is faithful." - -## what is sound ## - -"what is healthy" or "what is correct" \ No newline at end of file +He must teach what is true about God and other spiritual matters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/10.md b/tit/01/10.md index aac8035461..bae631146c 100644 --- a/tit/01/10.md +++ b/tit/01/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## those of the circumcision ## +# Connecting Statement: -"those who have been circumcised" or "those who practice circumcision." This refers to the Jews, who were circumcised. +Because of those that would oppose God's word, Paul gives Titus reasons to preach God's word and warns him about false teachers. -## Their words are worthless ## +# rebellious people + +These are rebellious people opposing Paul's gospel message. + +# those of the circumcision + +This refers to the Christian Jews who taught that one must be circumcised to follow Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Their words are worthless "Their words do not benefit anyone" -## It is necessary to stop them ## +# It is necessary to stop them "They must be prevented from spreading their teachings" or "They must be stopped from influencing others by their words" -## what they should not teach ## +# what they should not teach -"things that are not proper to teach" +Things that are not proper to teach regarding Christ and the Law. -## for shameful profit ## +# for shameful profit -"so that people will give them money. This is very shameful!" (UDB). This refers to profit that people make by doing things that are not honorable. +This refers only to profit that people make by doing things that are not honorable. -## break up whole families ## +# break up whole families -"ruin entire households." AT: "destroy the faith of whole families." \ No newline at end of file +"destroy the faith of whole families" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/12.md b/tit/01/12.md index 3079170355..3245f8b84e 100644 --- a/tit/01/12.md +++ b/tit/01/12.md @@ -1,29 +1,27 @@ -(Paul continues to warn against the false teachers who have come into the churches.) - -## One of them ## +# One of them "One of the Cretans" or "Someone from the people of Crete" -## a wise man of theirs ## +# a wise man of theirs -AT: "someone his people thought was a prophet" (UDB). +Possible meanings are 1) a prophet or 2) a poet or philosopher or 3) a teacher. -## Cretans are unceasing liars ## +# Cretans are unceasing liars -"Cretans are lying all the time" or "Cretans never stop lying." The is an exaggeration. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"Cretans lie all the time." This is an exaggeration that means many Cretans lie a lot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## bad and dangerous animals ## +# bad and dangerous animals This metaphor compares the Cretans to dangerous beasts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## lazy bellies ## +# lazy bellies -"lazy gluttons" or "people who do nothing but eat too much food." This figure of speech uses the image of their stomachs to describe the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +an idiom for people who do nothing but eat too much food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## So sharply correct them ## +# so correct them severely -"Therefore tell them strongly that they are wrong" +"therefore tell them strongly that they are wrong" -## that they may be sound in the faith ## +# so that they may be sound in the faith -"so they will have a healthy faith" or "so they will believe the truth" or "so their faith may be true" \ No newline at end of file +"so they will have a healthy faith" or "so their faith may be true" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/14.md b/tit/01/14.md index c00d01da3a..282c2eb8ff 100644 --- a/tit/01/14.md +++ b/tit/01/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -(Paul tells Titus how to deal with the false teachers.) +# Connecting Statement: -## Do not waste time on ## +Paul continues his instructions for what Titus is to teach the Cretans. -"So not spend time listening to" - -## Jewish myths ## +# Jewish myths This refers to the false teaching of the Jews. -## turn away from ## +# turn back the truth -"cause people to stop believing in" \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of the truth as if it were an object in motion that could be turned back in the direction from where it came. AT: "reject the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/15.md b/tit/01/15.md index a51df477af..f682084b09 100644 --- a/tit/01/15.md +++ b/tit/01/15.md @@ -1,29 +1,23 @@ -(Paul continues to explain to Titus the nature of the false teachers.) +# To those who are pure, all things are pure -## To the pure man, all is pure ## +"If people are pure on the inside, everything they do will be pure" -AT: "Everything is pure to the one who is pure" or "If someone is pure inside, everything they do will be pure." +# To those who are pure -## pure ## +"To those who are acceptable to God" -"clean" or "acceptable to God" +# to those who are stained and unbelieving, nothing is pure -## to the polluted and unbelieving man, nothings is pure ## +Paul speaks of sinners as if they were physically dirty. AT: "if people are morally defiled and do not believe, they cannot do anything pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AT: "the one who is morally defiled and who does not believe cannot be pure." +# they deny him by their deeds -## polluted ## +"their actions prove that they do not know him" -"morally unclean" or "corrupt" or "defiled" - -## what they do denies him ## - -"their actions demonstrate that they do not know him" - -## detestable ## +# detestable "disgusting" -## prove to be unfit for any good work ## +# They are unapproved for any good deed -"show themselves to be unqualified for any good work" or "demonstrate that they are unable to do anything good" \ No newline at end of file +"They are unfit for doing anything good" or "They are not capable of doing anything good" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/intro.md b/tit/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b21c62201b --- /dev/null +++ b/tit/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Titus 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Titus [Titus 1:1-5](./01.md) forms a formal introduction to this letter. It was a common type of introduction for a letter in the ancient Near East. + +Titus [Titus 1:6-9](./06.md) gives the qualifications for the office of elder. 1 Timothy 3 also gives these qualifications. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Overseer and Deacons ##### + +There is some disagreement over the titles used for church leaders. Some titles include overseer, elder, pastor, and bishop. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The way an action occurs ##### +There are several verbs included in this chapter (should, may, must) which describe the way in which an action occurs. These verbs have different levels of force attached to them. The subtle differences may be difficult to translate. The UDB has chosen to translate these verbs more generically. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Titus 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Titus intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/02/01.md b/tit/02/01.md index 1694209116..3318b624c1 100644 --- a/tit/02/01.md +++ b/tit/02/01.md @@ -1,33 +1,23 @@ -(Paul turns his attention from the false teachers to Titus and the believers.) +# Connecting Statement: -## But you ## +Paul continues giving Titus reasons to preach God's word, and explains how the older men, older women, young men, and slaves or servants should live as believers. -AT: "But you, Titus, in contrast with the false teachers." +# But you, say -## with healthy doctrine ## +Paul implies what is in contrast. AT: "But you, Titus, in contrast with the false teachers, be sure to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# with faithful instruction "with sound doctrine" or "with correct teachings" -## temperate ## +# temperate -"sober minded" or "self-controlled." AT: "rule themselves." +"sober-minded" or "self-controlled" -## sensible ## +# sensible -"self-controlled" or "in control of their desires." +"in control of their desires" -## sound ## +# sound in faith, in love, and in perseverance -This describes the next three things: faith, love, and perseverance. To be "sound" means to be "healthy." - -## (sound) in faith ## - -"with healthy faith" or "correct in their beliefs" - -## (sound) in love ## - -"with healthy love" - -## (sound) in perseverance ## - -"steadfast" or "constant" or "untiring" \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "sound" means to be firm and unwavering. The abstract nouns "faith," "love," and "perseverance" can be stated as verbs. AT: "and they must firmly believe the true teachings about God, truly love others, and continually serve God even when things are difficult" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/02/03.md b/tit/02/03.md index fb45add975..0e34a1abc7 100644 --- a/tit/02/03.md +++ b/tit/02/03.md @@ -1,27 +1,19 @@ -## likewise ## +# likewise -"in the same way." AT: "as you instruct the older men, instruct the older women as well." +"in the same way" or "also" -## should always present themselves ## +# should always present themselves as reverent, not gossips -"should be" or "should live as" +"should prove themselves to be reverent, not gossips" or "should live reverent lives and not be gossips" -## gossips ## +# gossips -The word that is translated here as "gossips" means "devils" or "slanderers" or "enemies." It here refers to people who say bad things about other people whether they are true or not." +This word refers to people who say bad things about other people whether they are true or not. -## call ## +# They should not be enslaved to much wine -"teach" or "discipline" or "encourage" +A person who cannot control themselves and drinks too much wine is spoken of as if the person were a slave to the wine. This can be stated in active form. AT: "They should not drink too much wine" or "They should not be addicted to wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## balanced in their thinking ## +# so that God's word may not be insulted -"think wisely" - -## be pure ## - -AT: "think good thoughts and do good actions" or "think clean thoughts and do good things." - -## so that God's word may not be condemned ## - -"so that God's message will not be rejected." AT: "so that God's word will not be criticized or rejected because of what the women do." \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that no one insults God's word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/02/06.md b/tit/02/06.md index e703cfc788..468cbd065c 100644 --- a/tit/02/06.md +++ b/tit/02/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -## in the same way ## +# In the same way -This refers back to the training of the women in the church. Titus was to train the men in a similar manner. +Titus was to train the younger men like he was to train the older people. -## call ## +# present yourself as -"teach" or "tell" or "exhort" +"show yourself to be" -## present yourself ## +# an example of good works -AT: "You should be" or "Show yourself to be." +"an example of one who does right and proper things" -## a model of good works ## +# words that are above criticism -"an example of doing right and proper things" +"teaching that cannot be criticized" or "a message that people cannot criticize" -## healthy words beyond reproach ## +# so that anyone who opposes you may be ashamed -"teaching that does not contain any error" - -## would bring shame upon someone if he tried to oppose you ## - -This presents a hypothetical situation where someone opposes Titus and is himself shamed as a result. It is not expressing a current event. Your language may have a way of expressing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file +This presents an imaginary situation where someone opposes Titus and then becomes ashamed for having done so. AT: "so that if anyone opposes you, he may be ashamed" or "so that if people oppose you, they may be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/02/09.md b/tit/02/09.md index 708ee24ba1..cd03f950df 100644 --- a/tit/02/09.md +++ b/tit/02/09.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## their masters ## +# their masters "their own masters" -## in everything ## +# in all things "in every situation" or "always" -## please them ## +# please them -AT: "make their masters happy" or "satisfy their masters." +"make their masters happy" or "satisfy their masters" -## show good faith ## +# demonstrate all good faith -AT: "be faithful to their masters" or "demonstrate they are worthy of their masters' trust." +"show that they are worthy of their masters' trust" -## God our Savior ## +# in every way -"our God who saves us" +"in everything they do" -## attractive ## +# they may bring credit to the teaching about God our Savior -The word translated as "attractive" has the meaning of a something such as a gift being decorated to make it desirable. +"they may make the teaching about God our Savior attractive" or "they may cause people to understand that the teaching about God our Savior is good" -## in every way ## +# God our Savior -"in everything they do." \ No newline at end of file +"our God who saves us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/02/11.md b/tit/02/11.md index d454e33dd3..6fc3266180 100644 --- a/tit/02/11.md +++ b/tit/02/11.md @@ -1,35 +1,27 @@ -## You see ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Titus, you understand" +Paul encourages Titus to look for Jesus' coming and remember his authority through Jesus. -## the grace of God that is able to bring salvation to everyone has appeared ## +# the grace of God has appeared ... trains us -AT: "the saving grace of God has come to light for everyone." +Paul speaks of the grace of God as if it were a person who goes to other people and trains them to live holy lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## has appeared ## +# trains us to deny ungodliness -"come to light" or "become visible" +"teaches us not to dishonor God" -## trains us to deny ungodliness ## +# worldly passions -"teaches us to do right things." AT: "teaches us to resist temptation to do wrong things." +"strong desires for the things of this world" or "strong desires for sinful pleasures" -## trains us ## - -This is a figure of speech that presents the grace of God as a person who trains and disciplines people to live holy lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) - -## worldly passions ## - -"strong desires for the things of this world" or "strong desires for earthly pleasures" - -## in this age ## +# in this age "while we live in this world" or "during this time" -## we look to receive ## +# we look forward to receiving -"We wait to welcome" +"we wait to welcome" -## the appearance of the glory of ## +# our blessed hope, the appearance of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ -The words "appearance" and "glory" can be combined to say "the glorious appearance of." \ No newline at end of file +Here "glory" represents Jesus himself who will appear gloriously. AT: "the good thing for which we hope, that is, the glorious appearance of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/02/14.md b/tit/02/14.md index 35c7b50884..2f0ef64868 100644 --- a/tit/02/14.md +++ b/tit/02/14.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## gave himself for us ## +# gave himself for us -"gave himself to die for us" +This refers to Jesus dying willingly. AT: "gave himself to die for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## to set us free from lawlessness ## +# to redeem us from all lawlessness -"to release us from our sinful condition." This is a metaphor that compares being released from sin's control to the freedom of a slave being purchased by someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of Jesus as if he were setting slaves free from their evil master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## make pure ## +# a special people -"cleanse" +A group of people that he treasures. -## a treasured people ## - -AT: "a group of people that he treasures." - -## are eager ## +# are eager "have a strong desire" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/02/15.md b/tit/02/15.md index 59e24259c6..8c56071c08 100644 --- a/tit/02/15.md +++ b/tit/02/15.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## speak of and encourage these things ## +# Speak of and encourage these things -AT: "teach these things and encourage the hearers to do these things." +"Teach these things and encourage the hearers to do these things" -## give correction ## +# Give correction with all authority -"correct those people who do not do these things" +This statement can be made explicit. AT: "Correct with all authority those people who do not do these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Let no one ## +# Let no one "Do not allow anyone to" -## disregard you ## +# disregard you -AT: "refuse to listen to your words" or "refuse to respect you." \ No newline at end of file +This statement can be made explicit. AT: "refuse to listen to your words" or "refuse to respect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/02/intro.md b/tit/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..06f667fcc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/tit/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Titus 02 General Notes # + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Gender roles ##### + +Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in light of its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things (this belief is known as egalitarianism). Other scholars believe men and women were created to be distinct and to serve in different roles in marriage and the church (this belief is known as complementarianism). How one understands this issue may affect how this passage is translated. + +##### Slavery ##### + +This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. Paul's teaching on slavery was rather radical during his time because masters were not expected to treat their slaves in such a pleasant way. Overall, Paul's focus is on living in a way pleasing to God despite the circumstances of one's life. The translator should remember that Paul is in prison when he writes these words. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Titus 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/01.md b/tit/03/01.md index 47d7d64451..beef574134 100644 --- a/tit/03/01.md +++ b/tit/03/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## Remind them ## +# Connecting Statement: -"Tell the people at church again what they already know," or "Keep reminding them." +Paul continues giving Titus instructions on how to teach the elders and people under his care in Crete. -## submit to rulers and authorities, to obey them ## +# Remind them to submit -AT: "do as the political rulers and government authorities say by obeying them." +"Tell our people again what they already know, to submit" or "Keep reminding them to submit" -## rulers and authorities ## +# submit to rulers and authorities, to obey them -These words are similar, and used together to include everyone who holds authority in the government. +"do as the political rulers and government authorities say by obeying them" -## be ready for every good work ## +# rulers and authorities + +These words have similar meanings and are used together to include everyone who holds authority in the government. + +# be ready for every good work "be ready to do good whenever there is opportunity" -## revile ## +# revile -"speak evil of" - -## let other people have their way ## - -AT: "be gentle" \ No newline at end of file +"speak evil of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/03.md b/tit/03/03.md index bc5062748b..2d2a5b719e 100644 --- a/tit/03/03.md +++ b/tit/03/03.md @@ -1,33 +1,31 @@ -(Paul explains why he told Titus that we should teach with humility.) - -## For ## +# For "Because" -## once ## +# once "formerly" or "at some time" or "previously" -## thoughtless ## +# thoughtless "foolish" or "unwise" -## led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasures ## +# led astray ... by various passions and pleasures -This metaphor compares the way our sinful desires control us to slavery. AT: "our sinful wishes make us slaves to our strong desires for pleasure." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of our sinful desires as if they were people who led us off the right path. AT: "we were deceived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## led astray ## +# enslaved by various passions and pleasures -AT: "deceived." +Paul speaks of our formerly extremely strong desires to do wrong as if they had been our slavemasters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## passions ## +# passions "lusts" or "desires" -## lived in evil and envy ## +# We lived in evil and envy -AT: "We were always doing evil things and wanting what someone else has." +Here "evil" and "envy" are similar words for sin. AT: "We were always doing evil things and wanting what others have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) -## We were detestable ## +# We were detestable -"We were worthy of being hated." AT: "We caused others to hate us." \ No newline at end of file +"We caused others to hate us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/04.md b/tit/03/04.md index 5436fb3767..33fad2b520 100644 --- a/tit/03/04.md +++ b/tit/03/04.md @@ -1,29 +1,11 @@ -(Paul continues to explain why he told Titus that we should teach with humility.) +# when the kindness of God our savior and his love for mankind appeared -## when the kindness of God our Savior and his love towards mankind appeared ## +Paul speaks of God's kindness and love as if they were people that came into our sight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -AT: "when God our Savior displayed his love and kindness to people." +# by his mercy -## toward mankind ## +"because he had mercy on us" -"for humans" +# washing of new birth -## saved us through ## - -"saved us by means of" or "saved us by" - -## washing of new birth ## - -AT: "making us inside by our spiritual new birth." - -## renewal ## - -"being made new." AT: "the Holy Spirit made us new" or "The Holy Spirit made us new people." - -## because of works which we have done in righteousness ## - -"because we do good things" (UDB) - -## according to ## - -"in the same measure as" \ No newline at end of file +Paul is probably speaking of God's forgiveness for sinners as if he were physically washing them. He is also speaking of sinners who become responsive to God as if they had been born again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/06.md b/tit/03/06.md index 9af5ca9d35..6d02fd184e 100644 --- a/tit/03/06.md +++ b/tit/03/06.md @@ -1,29 +1,19 @@ -(Paul reminds Titus to teach humbly because we received grace.) - -## poured the Holy Spirit on us ## - -This is a metaphor resembling the anointing of priests. AT: "gave the Holy Spirit to us generously." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## everlasting ## - -"eternal" - -## richly ## +# richly "abundantly" or "generously" -## through our Savior Jesus Christ ## +# poured the Holy Spirit on us + +It is common for New Testament writers to speak of the Holy Spirit as a liquid that could be poured. AT: "gave the Holy Spirit to us generously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# through our Savior Jesus Christ "when Jesus saved us" -## having been justified ## +# having been justified -AT: "We have already been made righteous by God" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "since God has declared us to be without sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## we became heirs ## +# we might become heirs through the confidence of eternal life -AT: "God made us sons with rights of inheritance." - -## of the hope of eternal life ## - -"and we know for certain that we have eternal life" \ No newline at end of file +The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/08.md b/tit/03/08.md index 5339350cd8..69aca2b765 100644 --- a/tit/03/08.md +++ b/tit/03/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## These words ## +# This message -This refers to the statement about God giving us the Holy Spirit through Jesus in the previous verse. +This refers to God giving the believers the Holy Spirit through Jesus in [Titus 3:7](./06.md). -## set their minds on ## +# may be intent on the good works -"focus on" or "continually think about" +"may seek to do the good works" -## that he put before them - ## +# that he put before them -** AT: "that God gave to them to do." \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks about good deeds as if they were objects that God could place in front of people. AT: "that God prepared for them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/09.md b/tit/03/09.md index 70fa580cde..db9dd93153 100644 --- a/tit/03/09.md +++ b/tit/03/09.md @@ -1,31 +1,43 @@ -## But ## +# Connecting Statement: -"But you, Titus" +Paul explains what Titus should avoid and how to treat those who cause contention among the believers. -## foolish debates ## +# But + +"But you, Titus," + +# foolish debates "arguments concerning unimportant matters" -## strife ## +# genealogies + +This is the study of family kinship relationships. + +# strife "quarreling" -## the law ## +# the law -"God's law" +"the law of Moses" -## reject ## +# Reject anyone -AT: "Do not interact with" or "Do not spend time with" or "avoid" +"Stay away from anyone" -## after one or two warnings ## +# after one or two warnings "after you have warned that person once or twice" -## such a one ## +# such a one "a person like that" -## condemns himself ## +# has turned from the right way -AT: "bring judgment upon himself." \ No newline at end of file +Paul speaks of someone who makes errors as if he were leaving the path on which he had been walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# condemns himself + +"brings judgment on himself" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/12.md b/tit/03/12.md index 2610b79aa4..0cbfedd068 100644 --- a/tit/03/12.md +++ b/tit/03/12.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ -(Paul ends the letter by telling Titus what to do after he finishes appointing elders in Crete.) +# Connecting Statement: -## When I send ## +Paul closes the letter by telling Titus what to do after he appoints elders in Crete and by giving greetings from those with him. + +# When I send "After I send" -## Artemas, Nicopolis, Zenas ## +# Artemas ... Tychicus ... Zenas -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## spend the winter ## +# hurry and come + +"come quickly" + +# spend the winter "stay for the winter" -## hurry and come ## +# Hurry and send -"You hurry and come" or "Come quickly" +"Do not delay in sending" -## Hurry and send ## - -"You hurry" or "Do not delay in sending" - -## and Apollos ## +# and Apollos "and also send Apollos" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/14.md b/tit/03/14.md index bd4bbbd9a1..6d390c0a6c 100644 --- a/tit/03/14.md +++ b/tit/03/14.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -(Paul explains why it is important to provide for Zenas and Apollos.) +# Connecting Statement: -## set before themselves ## +Paul explains why it is important to provide for Zenas and Apollos. -"be busy doing" +# Our people -## so that they may not be unfruitful ## +Paul is referring to the believers in Crete. -AT: "so they will be fruitful" or "so they can produce fruit for God" or "so their lives will be useful." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) \ No newline at end of file +# urgent necessities + +These are important unplanned or immediate needs that were not previously known. + +# and not be unfruitful + +This double negative means they should be fruitful or productive. AT: "so they will be fruitful" or "so that they will be productive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) + +# and not be unfruitful + +Paul speaks of good results as if they were fruit. AT: "so they will produce good results" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/15.md b/tit/03/15.md index 8ac57a4fe9..672922681c 100644 --- a/tit/03/15.md +++ b/tit/03/15.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -(Paul ends his letter to Titus.) +# General Information: -## All those ## +Paul ends his letter to Titus. + +# All those "All the people" -## those who love us in faith- ## +# those who love us in faith -** Possible meanings are 1) "the believers who love us" or 2) "the believers who love us because we share the same belief." +Possible meanings are 1) "the believers who love us" or 2) "the believers who love us because we share the same belief." -## Grace be with all of you- ## +# Grace be with all of you -** This was a common Christian greeting. AT: "May God's grace be with you" or "I ask that God will be gracious to all of you." \ No newline at end of file +This was a common Christian greeting. AT: "May God's grace be with you" or "I ask that God will be gracious to all of you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/03/intro.md b/tit/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c650515d95 --- /dev/null +++ b/tit/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Titus 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter appears to shift the letter's focus and gives Titus personal instructions. + +[Titus 3:12-15](./12.md) forms a formal conclusion to this letter. This is a common type of conclusion for a letter in the ancient Near East. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Genealogies ##### + +This is probably a reference to some group's speculation over the identification of the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Titus 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/front/intro.md b/tit/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..82d940b25a --- /dev/null +++ b/tit/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# Introduction to Titus # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Titus #### + +1. Paul instructs Titus to appoint godly leaders (1:1-16) +1. Paul instructs him to train people to live godly lives (2:1-3:11) +1. Paul ends by sharing some of his plans and sending greetings to various believers (3:12-15) + +#### What is the Book of Titus about? #### + +Paul wrote this letter to Titus, his fellow worker, who was leading the churches on the island of Crete. Paul gave him specific instructions about how to select and train church leaders. His letter describes how church leaders should be held to a high standard, both by Titus and by the believers. + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Titus." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Letter to Titus" or "A Letter to Titus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### In what roles can people serve within the church? #### + +There are some controversial teachings in the Book of Titus concerning whether a woman or divorced man can serve in positions of leadership within the church. It is important to avoid relying on one's theological perspective while doing translation. Further research on these issues prior to translation may be necessary. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +##### Singular and plural "you" ##### +In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. Also, the word "you" is almost always singular and refers to Titus. The exception to this is 3:15. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +#### What is the meaning of "God our Savior?" #### + +This is a common phrase in this letter. It emphasizes the fact that God has saved Christians from the punishment for their sin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/01.md b/zec/01/01.md index 5c7f6df6c8..c2fef3f59a 100644 --- a/zec/01/01.md +++ b/zec/01/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Berechiah...Iddo ## +# In the eighth month -These are the names of males. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## second year of Darius' reign ## +# the second year of Darius' reign -"second year since Darius became king" +"the second year of the reign of Darius the king" or "the second year since Darius became king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## exceedingly angry with your fathers ## +# the word of Yahweh came + +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# Berechiah ... Iddo + +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# exceedingly angry with your fathers "very angry with your forefathers" -## "Turn to me ## +# Turn to me ... and I will return to you -The word "turn" is used to refer to a change. Yahweh is telling the people of Israel to change from not obeying him to obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude toward another person as if it were turning or returning. The people turning to Yahweh means that they will again be devoted to him and worship him, while Yahweh returning to the people means that he will again bless them and help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## this is Yahweh of hosts' declaration ## +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -This phrase is often translated as "Yahweh says" in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. - -## "and I will return to you" ## - -By saying he will return to the people of Israel, Yahweh is saying that they will have good things happen because he is helping them. AT: "and I will bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/04.md b/zec/01/04.md index 34056e4b9e..2278181686 100644 --- a/zec/01/04.md +++ b/zec/01/04.md @@ -1,35 +1,27 @@ -## cried out ## +# Turn from your evil ways and wicked practices -"shouted" +No longer doing certain actions is spoken of as if it were turning away from those actions. The phrases "evil ways" and "wicked practices" mean basically the same thing. AT: "Stop doing all of your wicked actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## turn ## - -"change" - -## But they would not hear and did not pay attention to me ## +# But they would not hear and did not pay attention to me Both of these phrases mean that the people of Israel would not obey the commands of Yahweh. AT: "But they would not listen to my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -This phrase is often translated as "Yahweh says" in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Zechariah 1:3](./01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Your fathers, where are they? And the prophets, are they here forever? ## +# Your fathers, where are they? Where are the prophets, are they here forever? -Both of these questions are asked to point out the fact that people die. AT: "Your fathers have died. The prophets will also die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These two rhetorical questions emphasize that both their ancestors and the prophets who proclaimed Yahweh's message to their ancestors have died. The questions can be translated as a statement. AT: "Neither your fathers nor the prophets are here because they have all died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets, have they not overtaken your fathers? ## +# But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets, have they not overtaken your fathers? -This question is used to show the people of Israel that everything that the Lord had told his prophets to warn their ancestors about, had happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer that it anticipates. Yahweh speaks of the people's ancestors experiencing the consequences of not obeying Yahweh's commands as if his words and decrees were a person who had chased after and overtaken them. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets have overtaken your fathers." or "But your fathers have suffered the consequences for disobeying my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets to tell them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## my words and my decrees ## +# my words and my decrees -These are both ways to refer to what God has said to the prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These phrases are both ways to refer to Yahweh's message that the prophets had declared to their ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## overtaken your fathers ## +# our ways and actions -Yahweh speaks about his prophecies like they are running to catch up and pass the ancestors of the people of Israel. The word "overtaken" means passed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -## his word and practice ## - -AT: "his manner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "ways" and "actions" mean basically the same thing. AT: "our behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/07.md b/zec/01/07.md index b682c59346..a4559256b0 100644 --- a/zec/01/07.md +++ b/zec/01/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month ## +# the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, which is the month of Shebat -fourth day of the eleventh month** - "day 24 of month 11" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +"Shebat" is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of February on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Shebat ## +# in the second year of Darius' reign -This is the name of a month. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"in the second year of the reign of Darius the king" or "in the second year since Darius became king." See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## the word of Yahweh came to Zechariah...saying ## +# the word of Yahweh came -AT: “Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah” +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:1](./01.md). AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Berechiah...Iddo ## +# Berechiah ... Iddo These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## myrtle trees ## +# look -a kind of small tree with colorful flowers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "look" here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw. + +# myrtle trees + +a kind of small tree with colorful flowers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) + +# I said, "What are these things, Lord?" Then the angel who talked with me + +Here Zechariah speaks to an unidentified angel. This is not the same as the "man" who was "riding on a red horse." + +# What are these things, Lord? + +"What are these things, sir?" Here the word "Lord" is a form of polite address. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/10.md b/zec/01/10.md index 3b0e4cd1a7..d95ee4825b 100644 --- a/zec/01/10.md +++ b/zec/01/10.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## These are those...They answered ## +# the man who stood among the myrtle trees ... the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees -The words "these" and "they" refer to the horses among the myrtle trees. +These phrases refer to the man who "was riding on a red horse" in [Zechariah 1:8](./07.md). Possible meanings are 1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or 2) the word "stood" is an idiom that means he was located in that position. AT: "the man who was among the myrtle trees ... the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## roam throughout the earth ## +# These are those ... They answered ... they said -Possible meanings: 1) "patrol the entire world" or 2) "walk throughout the earth" +The words "these" and "they" refer to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## among the myrtle trees ## +# to roam throughout the earth -See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:7](./07.md). +It is implicit that Yahweh sent these out to walk about in order to patrol the earth. This does not suggest that they were wandering or lost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## all the earth sits still and is at rest ## +# all the earth sits still and is at rest -AT: "all the people in the world are at peace" - -## sits still and is at rest ## - -Both of these phrases refer to being able to relax without anything to worry about. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +There being peace and quiet in the world is spoken of as if the earth were a person who is still and resting. Possible meanings are 1) this is a good thing that means that there is peace between nations or 2) this is a bad thing that means that there is no war because nations are helpless to fight against a stronger nation that has subdued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/12.md b/zec/01/12.md index bc70741a3e..e0af0c7b77 100644 --- a/zec/01/12.md +++ b/zec/01/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## have suffered indignation ## +# to Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah -Possible meanings 1) "you have been angry with" (UBD) or 2) "have been treated with disrespect" +Here the words "Jerusalem" and "cities" refer to the people who live in those cities. AT: "to the people of Jerusalem and to the people of the cities of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## talked with me with good words, words of comfort ## +# with good words, words of comfort -These phrases describe words that are both good and comforting. AT: "encouraged me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) \ No newline at end of file +"with good, comforting words" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/14.md b/zec/01/14.md index 5399afe900..c2618a1374 100644 --- a/zec/01/14.md +++ b/zec/01/14.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## And I am very greatly angry with the nations that are at ease ## +# I have been jealous for Jerusalem -AT: "I am very angry with the nations that enjoy peace and security" +Here the word "jealous" refers to Yahweh's strong desire to protect his people. -## for I was but a little displeased ## +# I am very angry with the nations that are at ease -AT: "for I was only a little angry with the people of Judah" (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The phrase "at ease" means that the people thought that they lived in peace and security. AT: "I am very angry with the nations that enjoy peace and security" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## and they helped forward the affliction ## +# I was only a little angry with them -Bringing something forward refers to making something increase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +"I was only a little angry with the people of Jerusalem" + +# they made the disaster worse + +"the nations that are at ease made the disaster worse." This means that although Yahweh used these nations to punish Jerusalem, they did more harm to Jerusalem than what Yahweh had intended for them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/16.md b/zec/01/16.md index 7813ed019b..a4f9d6daab 100644 --- a/zec/01/16.md +++ b/zec/01/16.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies ## +# I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies -Returning to Jerusalem refers to once again taking care of the people of Israel like a king returning to lead his people out of trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or 2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. AT: "I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## My house will be built within her ## +# My house will be built within her -AT: "My temple will be built in Jerusalem" +The word "her" refers to Jerusalem, and the word "house" is a metonym for the temple. This can be stated in active form. AT: "The people will build my temple in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## this is Yahweh of hosts' declaration ## +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -This phrase is often translated as "Yahweh says" in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](./01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## "and the measuring line will be stretched forth over Jerusalem!" ## +# the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem -AT: "and Jerusalem will be surveyed before rebuilding" +This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. This can be stated in active form. AT: "builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem" or "the people will rebuild Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## My cities will once again overflow with goodness ## +# Again call out, saying -Yahweh refers to the good things he will do for the people of Israel like a liquid that could fill the cities and flow over the walls. AT: "The cities of Israel will once again be prosperous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The angel who was speaking to Zechariah says these words. -## Yahweh will again comfort Zion ## +# My cities will once again overflow with goodness -AT: "Yahweh will encourage the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "my cities" refers to the cities of Judah and represents the people who live in those cities. Yahweh speaks of the inhabitants of those cities again being prosperous as if goodness were a liquid that overflowed the cities, which are its containers. AT: "My cities will once again be prosperous" or "The people in the cities of Judah will once again be prosperous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Yahweh will again comfort Zion + +Here the word "Zion" refers to the people who live in the city. AT: "Yahweh will again comfort the people in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/18.md b/zec/01/18.md index f9958605d5..23bb730d45 100644 --- a/zec/01/18.md +++ b/zec/01/18.md @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -Zechariah continues to describe his vision. +# I lifted up my eyes -## I lifted up my eyes ## +The word "eyes" represents the person who looks. AT: "I looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -This phrase refers to turning your head to look up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem -## the horns that have scattered Judah ## - -These horns represent the armies that attacked the people of Israel. AT: "Those horns represent the nations" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +Horns were often used as a symbol for military power. Here they symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The words "Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem" represent the people who lived in those places. AT: "These horns represent the nations that have scattered the people of Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/20.md b/zec/01/20.md index d75a63cf70..d1dda875c1 100644 --- a/zec/01/20.md +++ b/zec/01/20.md @@ -1,25 +1,23 @@ -Yahweh continues to describe Zechariah's vision for him. +# craftsmen -## blacksmiths ## +"blacksmiths" or "metalworkers" -People with this job make things out of metal. They are used to refer to the swords of an army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# these people -## the horns that scattered Judah ## +This refers to the four craftsmen. -See note in [Zechariah 1:18](./18.md). +# These are the horns that scattered Judah -## no man would lift up his head ## +The horns symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The word "Judah" represents the people who lived in Judah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Zechariah 1:19](./18.md). AT: "These horns represent the nations that scattered the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -This phrase describes someone who is too afraid to look something that scares him. AT: "no man would have courage" (See: "[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# so that no man would lift up his head -## drive them out ## +The nations oppressing the people of Judah severely is spoken of as if no person in Judah was able to raise his head. AT: "and caused them to suffer greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"drive those nations out" +# to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn against the land of Judah -## to cast down the horns ## +Yahweh speaks of the nations using their military power to conquer Judah as if the nations had lifted up their horns. He speaks of these four craftsmen destroying the military power of these nations as if the craftsmen threw those horns to the ground. AT: "to destroy the power of the nations who used their military might against the land of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -"to defeat the armies" +# to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn -## lifted up any horn ## - -This refers to blowing a horn to command an army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +"to cast down the horns that the nations had lifted up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/intro.md b/zec/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0e26ec92a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Zechariah 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written in prose mainly with imagery used throughout to portray Zechariah's vision given by the Lord. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:3-6, 14-17, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Visions ##### +This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah, so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Date ##### +Zechariah uses two separate dates in this first chapter. When compared to the book of Haggai, Zechariah's prophecy was proclaimed just a few weeks after Haggai. However, they prophesied in two different places: Haggai was in Jerusalem and Zechariah was somewhere outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Zechariah intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/01.md b/zec/02/01.md index 25d931c866..645c5f3942 100644 --- a/zec/02/01.md +++ b/zec/02/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -Zechariah continues to describe his visions. +# I lifted up my eyes -## I lifted up my eyes ## +The word "eyes" represents the person who looks. AT: "I looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -AT: "I looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# measuring line -## measuring line ## +a rope with a certain length that a person would use to measure buildings or large sections of land -A rope with a certain length used to measure large things. - -## So he said to me, ## +# So he said to me "So the man with the measuring line said to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/03.md b/zec/02/03.md index 11bcfa9489..28c5d94516 100644 --- a/zec/02/03.md +++ b/zec/02/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## another angel went out to meet him ## +# another angel went out to meet him -This angel is a new person and has not appeared before, and so should be clearly introduced as a new participant. AT: "a new angel went out to meet him:" +This angel is a new participant who has not appeared before this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -## The second angel said to him, "Run and speak to that young man ## +# The second angel said to him -"The second angel said to the angel who had spoken with Zechariah, "Go quickly and tell the man with the measuring line"" +"The second angel said to the angel who had talked with me" -## Jerusalem will sit in the open country ## +# Jerusalem will sit in the open country ... beasts within her -This phrase means that Jerusalem will not be surrounded by walls. +The phrase "will sit in the open country" translates a word that refers to a city that has no walls. There will be so many inhabitants in the city that it will be too large to have walls around it. AT: "Jerusalem will not have walls around it ... beasts within the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## become for her a wall of fire around her ## +# I ... will become for her a wall of fire around her -Yahweh is saying he will protect Jerusalem and compares his protection to a wall of fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +People built walls around their cities for protection. Here Yahweh speaks of protecting Jerusalem as if he himself were a wall of fire around the city. AT: "I ... will protect the city, like a wall of fire around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## this is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -This phrase is often translated as "Yahweh says" in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/06.md b/zec/02/06.md index fdef937403..547d28c3c5 100644 --- a/zec/02/06.md +++ b/zec/02/06.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Ho! Ho! ## +# Up! Up! -These two words are repeated and show urgency to the message that follows. It is used twice because the message is very important. +These two words express urgency and add emphasis to the following command. The words can be translated with an expression that communicates urgency in your language. AT: "Run! Run!" or "Hurry! Hurry!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## land of the north ## +# the land of the north This refers to Babylon. -## I have scattered you like the four winds of the skies ## +# I have scattered you like the four winds of the skies -This means the people of Israel are far from each other. The four winds refer to different parts of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The phrase "the four winds of the skies" means "in every direction." Yahweh compares causing the people to live in many different countries with the way that the wind can blow from any direction. AT: "I have scattered you in all directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## daughter of Babylon ## +# you who live with the daughter of Babylon -This refers to the capital city of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "daughter of Babylon" refers to the city of Babylon. Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a daughter. AT: "you who live in Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/08.md b/zec/02/08.md index 6b924ae4f2..d8e42c24b9 100644 --- a/zec/02/08.md +++ b/zec/02/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,23 @@ -Zechariah tells how Yahweh is sending him to judge the nations who have plundered Jerusalem. +# General Information: -## plundered you ## +Zechariah begins to speak and tells how Yahweh is sending him to judge the nations who have plundered Jerusalem. -"stole things from Jerusalem after it was attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# plundered you -## for whoever touches you ## +The word "you" refers to Jerusalem. -The word "touches" refers to a touch meant to harm. AT: "for whoever hurts you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# for whoever touches you -## the apple of God's eye ## +The word "touches" refers to a touch meant to harm. AT: "for whoever harms you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -The apple of an eye refers to the dark part inside of the eyeball that allows a person to see. This is a very important and sensitive part of the body. This phrase is used to say Jerusalem is very important to God and something he will protect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# the apple of God's eye -## shake my hand over them ## +The apple of an eye refers to the pupil of the eye, which is one of the most sensitive parts of the body. The idiom "apple of the eye" refers to something that is most valuable. Here it means that God greatly values Jerusalem. AT: "what is most valuable to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -This is a gesture used to show that God has chosen to destroy something. AT: "signal they are going to be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# I myself will shake my hand over them -## and they will be plunder ## +Raising one's hand against another person is a gesture of hostility. Here it is a symbolic action that means that God will attack those who harm Jerusalem. AT: "I myself will fight against them" or "I myself will attack them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -Their cities have already been destroyed and are left open for people to steal anything they would like. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +# they will be plunder for their slaves + +The word "plunder" can be translated with a verb. AT: "their slaves will plunder them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/10.md b/zec/02/10.md index b6ad9b6c7f..273cf60467 100644 --- a/zec/02/10.md +++ b/zec/02/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## daughter of Zion ## +# Sing for joy, daughter of Zion -This is another name for Jerusalem that refers to the city like a daughter of the heavenly city of Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Zion" is the same as "Jerusalem." The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. AT: "Sing for joy, Zion" or 2) the phrase "daughter of Zion" is a metonym for the people who live in the city. AT: "Sing for joy, people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## encamp ## +# I myself am about to come and encamp among you -to set up and use a camp +"I myself am about to come and live among you." To "encamp" means to set up and use a camp. -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -This phrase is often translated as "Yahweh says" in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## nations will join themselves to Yahweh ## +# great nations will join themselves to Yahweh -"nations will make become loyal to Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file +Zechariah speaks of the people of great nations becoming Yahweh's people and worshiping him as if they were joining themselves to Yahweh. AT: "the people of great nations will become the people of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# in that day + +"at that time" + +# I will encamp in the midst of you + +"I will live among you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/12.md b/zec/02/12.md index dd6f57731c..ea70ed7d79 100644 --- a/zec/02/12.md +++ b/zec/02/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Yahweh will inherit ... in the holy land ## +# Yahweh will inherit Judah as his rightful possession -AT: "Yahweh will make Judah his personal portion of the holy land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Zechariah speaks of Yahweh claiming Judah as his own land as if Judah were something that Yahweh inherits as a permanent possession. AT: "Yahweh will claim Judah as his rightful possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## all flesh ## +# all flesh -Yahweh refers to all living creatures by calling them flesh. Flesh is something that is common among all living creatures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "flesh" represents all humanity. AT: "all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## been roused out of the heavens ## +# he has been roused -This phrase refers to Yahweh being caused to take action on earth. +Zechariah speaks of Yahweh beginning to act as if someone had roused Yahweh from inactivity. It is implied that this action refers to his returning to Jerusalem. AT: "he is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## roused ## +# from out of his holy place -to be woken up or made more alert \ No newline at end of file +Here "his holy place" refers to heaven, and not to the temple in Jerusalem. AT: "from his holy place in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/intro.md b/zec/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e14213cad5 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Zechariah 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is introduced in prose with imagery used in the rest of the chapter to portray Zechariah's third vision about measuring lines given by the Lord. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:4-13, which are extended quotations. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Visions ##### + +This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Please be careful to translate each of the terms in your language. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### "This is Yahweh's declaration" ##### +This phrase is used several times in this chapter. The UDB often translates this as "Yahweh says." +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/01.md b/zec/03/01.md index ac09809255..45f3a856c4 100644 --- a/zec/03/01.md +++ b/zec/03/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ -Yahweh shows Zechariah a vision. +# General Information: -## Is this not a brand pulled from the fire? ## +Yahweh shows Zechariah a vision of Joshua the priest. -AT: "Joshua is like a stick pulled from a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# Satan was standing at his right hand to accuse him of sin -## a brand pulled from the fire ## +"Satan was standing at Joshua's right side, ready to accuse Joshua of sin" -A brand is a piece of burning wood that is removed from a fire before it is completely burned up. This refers to Joshua, who was rescued from captivity in Babylon and returned to Jerusalem (see UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Is this not a brand pulled from the fire? -## filthy garments ## +The angel of Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Joshua is a brand pulled from the fire." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -In this vision dirty clothes are being used as a symbol to show sinfulness. \ No newline at end of file +# a brand pulled from the fire + +A brand is a burning piece of wood. The angel of Yahweh speaks of Joshua being rescued from captivity in Babylon as if he were a piece of wood that someone pulls from a fire before the wood is completely burned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Joshua was dressed in filthy garments + +In this vision "filthy garments" are symbolic of sinfulness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/04.md b/zec/03/04.md index 19eff0a77b..8656b6309f 100644 --- a/zec/03/04.md +++ b/zec/03/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## dress you in fine clothing ## +# those who stood before him -Here fine clothing symbolizes righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "him" refers to the angel. The phrase refers to other angels who were present. -## turban ## +# Look -a piece of long cloth wrapped around the head \ No newline at end of file +The word "look" here adds emphasis to what follows. + +# I have caused your iniquity to pass from you + +Since Joshua's garments were symbolic of his sinfulness, by removing his garments, the angel removed Joshua's iniquity. Causing iniquity to pass from him is an idiom that means that he had removed Joshua's iniquity. AT: "I have removed your iniquity from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# dress you in fine clothing + +Here fine clothing symbolizes righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# Let them put + +Here the word "them" refers to the other angels who were present. + +# turban + +a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/06.md b/zec/03/06.md index 1a01aa4382..56b67fc5a0 100644 --- a/zec/03/06.md +++ b/zec/03/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ -## solemnly commanded Joshua ## +# solemnly commanded Joshua "commanded Joshua in a very serious manner" -## will walk in my ways ## +# If you will walk in my ways, and if you will keep my commandments -Walking in the same ways refers to doing the same things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of obeying him as if the person were walking along Yahweh's paths. AT: "If you will obey me and keep my commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## if you will keep my commandments ## +# you will govern my house and guard my courts -AT: "if you will remember and obey my commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the word "house" is a metonym for the temple, while the word "courts" refers to the courtyards around the temple. Together the phrases mean that Joshua will have authority over the whole temple complex. AT: "you will have authority over my temple and its courtyards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## adjudicate ## +# to go and come among these who stand before me -"make judgements" - -## keep my courts ## - -"be responsible for my courtyards" \ No newline at end of file +The phrase "to go and come among" is an idiom that means that Joshua will be a part of this group and have the same privilege as they do of access to Yahweh. AT: "to come before me as these who stand here do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/08.md b/zec/03/08.md index 36b388ee13..653f2ec4c4 100644 --- a/zec/03/08.md +++ b/zec/03/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,39 @@ +# General Information: + The angel of Yahweh continues to speak to Joshua. -## your companions who live with you ## +# your companions who live with you -AT: "the other priest who live with you" +This phrase refers to other priests who would serve in the temple under the leadership of Joshua. AT: "the other priests who live with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## my servant the Branch ## +# For these men are a sign -The title "Branch" should be translated in the same way as the branch of a tree. It means the servant of Yahweh will come from Yahweh like a branch comes from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special meaning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of the priests serving in the temple as being this sign that shows that Yahweh will bring his servant. -## engrave ## +# my servant the Branch + +The word "Branch" refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh's people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word "Branch" is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the stone that I have set before Joshua + +Here the word "stone" likely refers to a precious stone or jewel. + +# There are seven eyes on this single stone + +The sides or facets of the stone that reflect light are spoken of as if they are eyes. AT: "There are seven sides on this single stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will engrave an inscription + +It is implicit that he will engrave the inscription on the stone. AT: "I will engrave an inscription on the stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# engrave "carve" -## inscription ## +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -words that are written on something or cut into something +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## this is Yahweh of hosts' declaration ## +# I will remove the sin from this land in one day -This phrase is often translated as "Yahweh says" in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "land" represents the people who live in the land. AT: "I will remove the sin of the people from this land in one day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/10.md b/zec/03/10.md index 1dd7add392..d5ecad47b7 100644 --- a/zec/03/10.md +++ b/zec/03/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ -## this is Yahweh of hosts' declaration ## +# In that day -This phrase is often translated as "Yahweh says" in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. \ No newline at end of file +"At that time" + +# each man will invite his neighbor to sit under his vine and under his fig tree + +Both the "vine" and the "fig tree" are symbols of prosperity. This phrase describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. AT: "because they will be at peace, each person will invite his neighbor to come and sit under his vine and his fig tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/intro.md b/zec/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..27e5f2c3d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Zechariah 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is introduced in prose and shares the fourth vision, which is the priest in dirty clothes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:7-9, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Difficult concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Visions ##### +It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### The high priest ##### + +This chapter seems to refer to a particular person, Joshua the high priest. However, little is known about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/01.md b/zec/04/01.md index 200128a67e..d342e375fa 100644 --- a/zec/04/01.md +++ b/zec/04/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## roused me like a man roused from his sleep ## +# roused me like a man roused from his sleep -"caused me to become more alert like a man woken from his sleep" +Zechariah compares the way in which the angel interrupted his being in deep thought with the way someone would awaken another person from sleep. AT: "caused me to become more alert like a man awakened from his sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## lamp wicks ## +# lamp wicks the parts of a lamp that are lit on fire -## the left side ## +# the left side -AT: "the left side of the bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file +The ellipsis in this phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "the left side of the bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/04.md b/zec/04/04.md index 69fe983486..41a1ebfe10 100644 --- a/zec/04/04.md +++ b/zec/04/04.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -There are no translation notes for these verses. \ No newline at end of file +# Do you not know what these things mean? + +The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely you know what these things mean." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/06.md b/zec/04/06.md index 12dda069c2..fa3052557b 100644 --- a/zec/04/06.md +++ b/zec/04/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## seven lamps are the eyes of Yahweh ## +# Connecting Statement: -The seven lamps are symbols for the eyes of Yahweh. +The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision. -## the eyes of Yahweh ## +# Not by might nor by power -The word "eyes" refers to God seeing because eyes are used for seeing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +Since there is no verb in this phrase, it may be necessary in your language to supply one. AT: "You will not succeed by might nor by power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Not by might nor by power + +Possible meanings are 1) that the words "might" and "power" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Zerubbabel's strength or 2) that the word "might" refers to military strength and the word "power" refers to Zerubbabel's physical ability. AT: "Certainly not by your own strength" or "Not by military strength nor by your own power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# What are you, great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become a plain + +This is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of the obstacles that Zerubbabel will face as if they were a large mountain. He asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that these obstacles pose no threat to Zerubbabel's success. The question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are nothing, great mountain! Zerubbabel will cause you to become a plain" or "Although obstacles may appear as large as mountains, Zerubbabel will overcome them as easily as one walks upon level ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# he will bring out the top stone + +The top stone is the last stone placed when building something. This refers to the top stone of the temple. AT: "he will bring out the top stone of the temple" or "he will complete the construction of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# to shouts of 'Grace! Grace to it!' + +Possible meanings are 1) the word "grace" refers to God's grace and the people are requesting that God bless the completed temple. AT: "while people shout, 'May God bless it! May God bless it!'" or 2) the word "grace" refers to beauty and the people are declaring how beautiful the completed temple is. AT: "while people shout, 'Beautiful! It is beautiful!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/08.md b/zec/04/08.md index 866176ac44..0d7293c2a1 100644 --- a/zec/04/08.md +++ b/zec/04/08.md @@ -1,13 +1,35 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision. -## the two golden pipes ## +# The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -"the two gold spouts" +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to me. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Don't you know what these are? ## +# The hands of Zerubbabel have laid ... his hands will bring it to completion -This question points out that Zechariah should understand the vision but he does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here the word "hands" represents Zerubbabel. AT: "Zerubbabel has laid ... he will bring it to completion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## sons of oil ## +# the foundation of this house -This phrase refers to the two olive trees who each have a branch that produces oil for the lamps of Yahweh. Each branch represents a man who has been anointed by God for service. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +The word "house" represents the temple. AT: "the foundation of this temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Who has despised the day of small things? These people will rejoice + +Zechariah uses this rhetorical question to speak specifically about those who have "despised the day of small things." It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Those who have despised the day of small things will rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# the day of small things + +"the time of small things." This phrase refers to the time when the people were building the temple and appeared to be making little progress. AT: "the time when progress was slow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# plumb stone + +This refers to an instrument made with a heavy object attached to the end of a string that builders used to ensure that the walls of buildings were straight. + +# These seven lamps ... these two olive trees + +These phrases refer to the lamps and olive trees that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:2-3](./01.md). + +# These seven lamps are the eyes of Yahweh that roam over the whole earth + +The seven lamps symbolize the eyes of Yahweh, but they are not literally the eyes of Yahweh. The angel speaks of Yahweh seeing everything that happens on the earth as if his eyes roamed over the whole earth. AT: "These seven lamps represent the eyes of Yahweh, who sees everything that happens on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/12.md b/zec/04/12.md index fde60016c7..f7ef90b09a 100644 --- a/zec/04/12.md +++ b/zec/04/12.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## Zerubbabel ## +# What are these two olive branches -This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Here Zechariah changes his question and asks about branches that are connected to the two olive trees. -## Not by might nor by power ## +# the two gold pipes -These phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +These pipes were not mentioned in the previous description of Zechariah's vision. It is possible that they are connected to the bowl on top of the lampstand and provide the oil with which the lampstand burns. -## Who are you, great mountain? ## +# golden oil -Yahweh asks this question to the mountain to point out that through the Spirit of Yahweh, not even a mountain is strong enough to overpower Zerubbabel. AT: "Great mountain, even you are weak compared to Zerubbabel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Here "golden" refers to the color of the oil and does not mean that the oil was made of gold. -## he will bring out the top stone ## +# Do you not know what these are? -The top stone is the last stone placed when building something. \ No newline at end of file +The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely you know what these are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/14.md b/zec/04/14.md index cb8211eb34..6e0dd338c7 100644 --- a/zec/04/14.md +++ b/zec/04/14.md @@ -1,23 +1,11 @@ -## The word of Yahweh came to me and said ## +# These are the sons of fresh olive oil -AT: "Yahweh spoke to me and said" +The branches symbolize these people, but they are not literally the people. AT: "These two branches represent the sons of fresh olive oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## The hands of Zerubbabel...his hands shall also finish it ## +# the sons of fresh olive oil -Zerubbabel oversees the building of the temple. The building is referred to as "his hands" even though his own hands may not have laid the stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This idiom means that these men have been anointed with fresh olive oil. A person who is anointed is one whom Yahweh has chosen or appointed for a special duty. AT: "the anointed men" or "the men whom Yahweh has appointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## laid the foundation ## +# who stand before the Lord -The foundation is base of a building and the first part of the building project. AT: "began building" - -## Who has despised ... small things? ## - -This question is not asked to receive an answer but to tell the people not to despise "the day of small things". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -## the day of small things ## - -This phrase is a title for the time period where each day simple tasks were done. Together, these small tasks built the temple. The entire time of building is referred to as one day even though it took several years to complete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -## plumb stone ## - -a stone that is connected to a rope. This is used to determine if the walls of a building are being built straight up or crooked. \ No newline at end of file +The idiom "stand before" means to be in a person's presence and to serve him. AT: "who serve the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/intro.md b/zec/04/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..16ae6be569 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/04/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Zechariah 04 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written mainly in prose about the fifth vision, which is about the golden lampstand and olive trees. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Visions ##### +This chapter shows a conversation between Zechariah and the angel of Yahweh. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/01.md b/zec/05/01.md index c4b3a3bc65..1be811d7ae 100644 --- a/zec/05/01.md +++ b/zec/05/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ -## Then I turned ## +# Then I turned The word "I" refers to Zechariah. -## lifted my eyes ## +# lifted my eyes -This means to look up at something. He says "I lifted my eyes" because that is the part of the body a person sees with. AT: "looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "eyes" represents the person who looks. AT: "looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## behold ## +# behold -The word “behold” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw. \ No newline at end of file +The word "behold" here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw. + +# twenty cubits long and ten cubits wide + +A cubit is 46 centimeters. AT: "9.2 meters long and 4.6 meters wide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/03.md b/zec/05/03.md index 95addaf256..6701ae2ce5 100644 --- a/zec/05/03.md +++ b/zec/05/03.md @@ -1,37 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + The angel continues to speak with Zechariah. -## goes out over the face of ## +# This is the curse -This phrase refers to the curse like a cloud that spreads to cover the face of the land. The word "face" refers to the surface of the land like a person's face is on the surface of their head. AT: "effects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "this" refers to the scroll. The scroll is a metonym for what is written on the scroll. AT: "On this scroll is the curse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## based on what it says on the one side ## +# that goes out over the surface of the whole land -"based on what the scroll has written on one side" +The phrase "the surface of the whole land" refers to every place within the land. It is implied that the curse will apply to every person who lives in the land. AT: "that is upon every person within the whole land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## what it says on the other side ## +# every thief will be cut off ... everyone who swears a false oath will be cut off -"what the scroll has written on the other side" +Yahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will cut off every thief ... Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath" or "Yahweh will remove every thief from the land ... Yahweh will remove from the land everyone who swears a false oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## according to their words ## +# what it says on the one side ... what it says on the other side -The phrase "their words" refers to what was said in their oath. AT: "according to what they said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"what the scroll says on one side ... what the scroll says on the other side" -## 'I will send it out ## +# I will send it out -The word "it" refers to the curse. +"I will send out the curse" -## this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts ## +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## the house ## +# consume its timber and stones -This refers to the man's family and everything they own. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -## of the one that swears ## - -"of the man that swears" - -## timber ## - -wood used for building \ No newline at end of file +The curse destroying the houses of the thief and of the one who swears falsely is spoken of as if the curse would consume the building materials that people had used to build the houses. AT: "destroy its wood and stones" or "completely destroy it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/05.md b/zec/05/05.md index 334e947d71..18d9775920 100644 --- a/zec/05/05.md +++ b/zec/05/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## Raise your eyes ## +# Raise your eyes -This phrase commands a person to look up by referring to their eyes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The word "eyes" represents the person who looks. AT: "Look up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## a lead covering ## +# This is a basket containing an ephah that is coming -This refers to a heavy cover. Lead is a heavy metal. +An "ephah" is a unit of measurement for dry materials and is equal to 22 liters. Here the word is a metonym for the container that would hold an ephah of dry material. AT: "This is a measuring basket that is coming" or "This is a large container that is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## there was a woman under it sitting in it ## +# This is their iniquity in the whole land -A woman could not literally fit inside a basket of this size. In Zechariah's vision though, so did fit in the basket. Often in visions the sizes of things are exaggerated. Both the basket and the woman are symbolic and represent other things. \ No newline at end of file +The basket symbolizes the people's iniquity, but it is not literally their iniquity. AT: "This basket represents the iniquity of the people throughout the whole land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) + +# a lead covering was lifted off the basket + +This can be stated in active form. AT: someone lifted a lead covering off the basket" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# there was a woman under it sitting in it + +"there was a woman under the lead covering sitting in the basket" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/08.md b/zec/05/08.md index 8311109168..de147995e9 100644 --- a/zec/05/08.md +++ b/zec/05/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## This is Wickedness ## +# This is Wickedness -The woman represents wickedness. AT: "Her name is Wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The woman represents wickedness. AT: "This woman represents wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## and wind was in their wings ## +# He threw her ... he threw the lead cover -This phrase describes how the women used their wings to be carried by the wind and fly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"He thrust her ... he forced the lead cover." The word "threw" indicates the force with which the angel did these things. He did not literally throw the woman or the cover. -## they had wings like a stork's wings ## +# I lifted my eyes -The women had wings that looked like stork's wings. A stork is a type of large bird that has a wingspan of 2 to 4 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Here the word "eyes" represents the person who sees. AT: "I looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## between heaven and earth ## +# wind was in their wings -The basket was lifted up into the sky. It says "between heaven and earth" to draw attention to them and show where the basket was in relationship to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) \ No newline at end of file +This idiom means that they were flying. AT: "they were flying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they had wings like a stork's wings + +A stork is a type of large bird that has a wingspan of two to four meters. Zechariah compares the size of the women's wings with the size of the stork's wings. + +# They lifted up the basket between earth and heaven + +The words "earth" and "heaven" form a merism that refer to the sky. It is implicit that the two women flew away with the basket. AT: "They lifted the basket up into the sky and flew away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/10.md b/zec/05/10.md index cfb4d9aa9e..5ee53e3523 100644 --- a/zec/05/10.md +++ b/zec/05/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## Where are they taking the basket? ## +# To build a temple in the land of Shinar for it -"Where are the women taking the barrel?" +The ellipsis can be supplied from the previous verse. AT: "They are taking the basket to the land of Shinar to build a temple for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## so that when the house is ready … on its prepared base ## +# the basket will be set there -"and when it is ready, the barrel will be set in the place prepared for it" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will set the basket there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# on its prepared base + +The words "prepared base" refer to a pedestal or other kind of fixture upon which they will place the basket. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/intro.md b/zec/05/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..37a9e5bf98 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/05/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Zechariah 05 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter contains the next two visions. One is about a flying scroll and one is about the basket filled with iniquity. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/iniquity]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 5:4, which is an important quotation. + + + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/01.md b/zec/06/01.md index 004ccfa6c6..ef0d902a81 100644 --- a/zec/06/01.md +++ b/zec/06/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## lifted my eyes ## +# lifted my eyes -This means to look up at something. He says “I lifted my eyes” because that is the part of the body a person sees with. AT: "looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "eyes" represents the person who sees. AT: "looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -## two mountains were made of bronze ## +# between two mountains; and the two mountains were made of bronze -"two mountains were bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Since the second phrase describes the mountains in the first phrase, the two phrases may be combined. AT: "between two bronze mountains" -## first chariot ... second chariot ... ## +# The first chariot had red horses -"chariot 1 ... chariot 2 ... chariot 3 ... chariot 4" \ No newline at end of file +It is implicit that the horses were pulling the chariots. AT: "The first chariot had red horses pulling it" or "Red horses were pulling the first chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/05.md b/zec/06/05.md index b116dfd348..d02eae2598 100644 --- a/zec/06/05.md +++ b/zec/06/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## These are the four winds of heaven ## +# These are the four winds of heaven -The angel explains that the chariots with horses are symbols for the 4 winds of heaven. +The chariots symbolize the four winds of heaven, but they are not literally the four winds. AT: "These chariots represent the four winds of heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## four winds ## +# the four winds of heaven -The word "winds" refers to the four directions: north, east, south, and west. \ No newline at end of file +This phrase refers to the four directions from which the wind blows: north, east, south, and west. However, some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression to mean "four spirits." + +# standing before the Lord of all the earth + +The idiom to "stand before" means to be in a person's presence and to serve him. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 4:14](../04/14.md). AT: "serving the Lord of all the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the white horses are going out to the west country + +Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew phrase to mean "the white horses are going out after them," that is, following the black horses to the north country. + +# the white horses are ... the spotted gray horses are + +Here the horses represent the chariots that they pull. AT: "the chariot with the white horses is ... the chariot with the spotted gray horses is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/07.md b/zec/06/07.md index 3b7905c89c..988bb0b4cb 100644 --- a/zec/06/07.md +++ b/zec/06/07.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## Look at the ones ## +# he called out to me -"Look at the black horses" \ No newline at end of file +"the angel called out to me" + +# Look at the ones + +"Look at the black horses" + +# they will appease my spirit concerning the north country + +The words "my spirit" refer to Yahweh, so many translations change this to read "Yahweh's spirit." Possible meanings are 1) the word "spirit" represents Yahweh's emotions and appeasing his spirit means that the chariots will cause Yahweh no longer to be angry with the north country AT: "they will calm my anger concerning the north country" or 2) the word "spirit" represents Yahweh's presence and the chariots will cause the Jews who live in the north land to experience Yahweh's blessings. AT: "they will cause my spirit to rest in the north country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/09.md b/zec/06/09.md index bb7318bed8..37661f5fa9 100644 --- a/zec/06/09.md +++ b/zec/06/09.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -## the word of Yahweh came to me ## +# the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, -AT: "Yahweh spoke to me" +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to me. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah ... Jehozadak ## +# Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah ... Jehozadak These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## Then take the silver and gold, make a crown ## +# this same day -AT: Then use the silver and the gold to make a crown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"today" -## Joshua the son of Jehozadak ## +# take the silver and gold, make a crown -This is not the same man who was Moses' helper; this is the high priest from the book of Haggai. \ No newline at end of file +"make a crown with the silver and gold" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/12.md b/zec/06/12.md index a354c30229..a8a9424859 100644 --- a/zec/06/12.md +++ b/zec/06/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## Speak to him and say ## +# Speak to him and say -AT: "Yahweh told the angel to speak to Zechariah and say" +"Speak to Joshua and say" -## his name is Branch ## +# his name is Branch -The angel of Yahweh gives this name to the new king Joshua. Translate this name as you did in [Zechariah 3:8](../03/08.md). +The word "Branch" refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh's people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word "Branch" is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. See how you translated this name in [Zechariah 3:8](../03/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## he will grow up ## +# He will grow up where he is -The phrase "grow up" is a word picture of branch beginning to sprout. AT: "he will sprout" +The phrase "grow up" refers to the growth of a plant, and so continues the metaphor of this person as a "Branch." This likely refers to this person appearing or coming into power as the one who would supervise the rebuilding of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## raise up its splendor ## +# He will be a priest on his throne -Possible meanings: 1) "increase the temple's splendor" or 2) "lift up and put on the temple's splendor for himself like a person might put on clothing" +Possible meanings are 1) the "Branch" will be both priest and king or 2) the "Branch" will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. AT: "There will be a priest upon his throne" -## the understanding of peace will exist between the two. ## +# he will bear a counsel of peace between the two -AT: "his roles of king and priest will be united" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +The words "the two" refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. Possible meanings are 1) the "Branch" will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or 2) the "Branch" who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/14.md b/zec/06/14.md index 196b563245..0eefd89c4b 100644 --- a/zec/06/14.md +++ b/zec/06/14.md @@ -1,27 +1,23 @@ -## a crown will be placed in my temple ## +# The crown will given -AT: "I will place a crown in my temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will give the crown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## a crown ## +# Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah ... Hen -The word "crown" refers to a king as a king would wear a crown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Zechariah 6:10](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## placed in my temple ## +# for Hen son of Zephaniah as a memorial -This phrase refers to the king also being a priest, as a priest serves in the temple. +Some modern versions interpret this phrase as "as a memorial to the generosity of the son of Zephaniah" or "as a memorial to the one who is gracious, the son of Zephaniah." Also, some modern versions interpret the name "Hen" as meaning the name "Josiah." -## Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah ## - -See how these names were translated in [Zechariah 6:9](./09.md). - -## those who are far off ## +# those who are far off This refers to the Israelites who remain in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## so you will know ## +# so you will know -The word "you" refers to the people of Israel. +The word "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## truly listen ## +# truly listen to the voice of Yahweh your God -"listen sincerely" \ No newline at end of file +Here to "listen" means to obey and the word "voice" represents the words that Yahweh speaks. AT: "truly obey what Yahweh your God says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/intro.md b/zec/06/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9d5d0d53d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/06/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Zechariah 06 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written mainly in prose and tells the last vision of the four chariots in the first part of the chapter. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 6:12-15, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Crown ##### +The second part of the chapter is about a crown made for the high priest. This is an actual person, but the meaning of the word "branch" should be translated as his name. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]]) + +#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### + +##### Meaning of the visions ##### +The visions are stated and even when the prophet asked for an explanation, their true meaning is often obscure. This uncertainty should remain in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/01.md b/zec/07/01.md index 45f19c3627..59dabb4d7b 100644 --- a/zec/07/01.md +++ b/zec/07/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## in the fourth year of king Darius, on the fourth day of Kislev, the ninth month ## +# on the fourth day -AT: "During year 4 of king Darius' reign, on day 4 of month 9, which is the month of Kislev" +"on day 4" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## Kislev ## +# Kislev (which was the ninth month) -This is the name of a month. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"Kislev" is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourth day of Kislev is near the end of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the word of Yahweh came to Zechariah ## +# the word of Yahweh came to Zechariah -AT: “Yahweh spoke to Zechariah” +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah" or "Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Sharezer and Regem Melech ## +# Sharezer and Regem-Melek -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). +These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## they said,"Should I mourn ... ## +# beg -The word "they" refers to Sharezer and Regem Melech. +Here the word "beg" means to plead or ask urgently. -## fifth month ## +# before the face of Yahweh -"month 5" \ No newline at end of file +Here "face" is a metonym for Yahweh's presence. AT: "in the presence of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# They spoke ... they said + +The word "they" refers to Sharezer and Regem Melek. + +# Should I mourn in the fifth month + +"Should I mourn in month 5." The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# by means of a fast + +"by fasting" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/04.md b/zec/07/04.md index b39cdf40b1..f41734d08f 100644 --- a/zec/07/04.md +++ b/zec/07/04.md @@ -1,35 +1,47 @@ -## in the fifth and ... for these seventy years ## +# the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying, -The people of Israel had been captive as slaves in Babylon for 70 years. AT: "in month 5 and 7 during these 70 years you have been in captivity" +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## when you ate and drank ## +# in the fifth and in the seventh month -This phrase refers to when they ate and drank at feasts to honor how Yahweh had provided for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"in months 5 and 7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -## were you truly fasting for me? ## +# in the fifth -This question is used to accuse the people of Israel for not honoring Yahweh when they fasted. AT: "you did not fast to honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The word "month" can be supplied in translation. AT: "in the fifth month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -## did you not eat and drink for yourselves? ## +# in the seventh month -This question is used to accuse the people of Israel who celebrated the feasts for not honoring God with their feasting. AT: "you ate and drank for yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) -## Yahweh proclaimed by the mouth of the former prophets ## +# for these seventy years -Zechariah refers to the former prophets by referring to the part of their body that spoke Yahweh's message. AT: "Yahweh proclaimed through the former prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -## Weren't these the same words ... to the west? ## +# were you truly fasting for me? -This question can be written as a statement. "There were the same words ... to the west." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is asked to make the people think about what their real reason for fasting had been. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "you were not really fasting for me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## inhabited ## +# When you ate and drank + +Possible meanings are 1) when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or 2) when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting. + +# did you not eat and drink for yourselves? + +This question is used to make the people think about whether they were honoring Yahweh when they ate and drank. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "it was for yourselves that you ate and drank." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# Were these not the same words ... to the west? + +Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "These are the same words ... to the west." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# by the mouth of the former prophets + +Here "mouth" is a metonym for the words spoken by the mouth. AT: "by the words of the former prophets" or "through the former prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# inhabited "lived in" -## prosperity ## +# foothills -living well and having more than what you need - -## foothills ## - -These are the small hills that are before you get to the mountains. \ No newline at end of file +hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/08.md b/zec/07/08.md index 34c99e44b4..d961916b49 100644 --- a/zec/07/08.md +++ b/zec/07/08.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## The word of Yahweh came to Zechariah ## +# The word of Yahweh came to Zechariah, saying, -See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:1](./01.md). +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## Let each man do this ## +# Judge with true justice, covenant faithfulness, and mercy + +The abstract nouns "justice," "faithfulness," and "mercy" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "When you judge, be just, faithful to the covenant, and merciful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Let each man do this The word "this" refers to how a person should judge. -## widow ## +# widow a woman whose husband has died -## orphan ## +# orphan a child whose parents have died -## foreigner ## +# foreigner someone who travels from his own land to a different land -## plot ## +# let none of you plot any harm against another in your heart -to plan to do evil \ No newline at end of file +Here "heart" represents the thoughts of a person. AT: "you must not make plans to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/11.md b/zec/07/11.md index d22827ec0f..b7a1faab2b 100644 --- a/zec/07/11.md +++ b/zec/07/11.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## set their shoulders stubbornly ## +# set their shoulders stubbornly -AT: "they were like cattle that refused to be yoked" or "they were like cattle that refused to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is an image of an ox refusing to allow its owner to put a yoke on its shoulders. This metaphor represents the people being stubborn. AT: "became stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## they stopped up their ears ## +# They stopped up their ears so they would not hear -"they closed up their ears" +This is an image of people putting something into their ears so they would not hear the message from Yahweh. This metaphor represents the people not being willing to hear and obey. AT: "They refused to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They made their hearts as hard as rock ## +# They made their hearts as hard as rock so they would not hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts -AT: "They made up their minds to reject Yahweh's messages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The people refusing to hear and obey Yahweh are compared to their being as unyielding as rock. Here the heart represents the will of a person. AT: "They stubbornly refused to hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## by the mouth of the prophets ## +# in earlier times -AT: "through the words of the prophets" \ No newline at end of file +"in the past" + +# by the mouth of the prophets + +Here the "mouth of the prophets" is a metonym for the words that the prophets speak. AT: "through the words of the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/13.md b/zec/07/13.md index bd98413f32..9e9966c1d2 100644 --- a/zec/07/13.md +++ b/zec/07/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -## I will scatter them with a whirlwind ## +# I will scatter them with a whirlwind -AT: "I will scatter them as a whirlwind scatters leaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of how he will scatter the people as if a whirlwind were scattering everything in its path. AT: "I will scatter them as a whirlwind scatters things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## whirlwind ## +# whirlwind -a very strong wind that spins as it goes, scattering things all around \ No newline at end of file +a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage + +# delightful land + +"pleasant land" or "fruitful land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/intro.md b/zec/07/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2232d13d22 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/07/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Zechariah 07 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter starts about two years after the previous chapter and is written in prose. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 7:4-14, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Fasting ##### +This chapter discusses fasting. People were asking the same questions as those from previous generations. The Israelites were asking these same questions before they were exiled from their land. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/01.md b/zec/08/01.md index 9ab4675d5e..f7852c8764 100644 --- a/zec/08/01.md +++ b/zec/08/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ -## The word of Yahweh of Hosts came to me and said ## +# The word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying, -Yahweh of hosts said to me +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). AT: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## I am passionate for her with great anger ## +# passionate -AT: "I am filled with anger for the sake of Zion" +"jealous." Here the word "passionate" refers to Yahweh's strong desire to protect his people. -## the mountain of Yahweh of hosts ## +# for Zion -This refers to Mount Zion. +Here "Zion" represents the people of Zion. AT: "for the people of Zion" or "for the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## The Holy Mountain ## +# with great anger -Here "holy" means "belonging to Yahweh." \ No newline at end of file +The implied information is that this anger is against the enemies of Zion. AT: "with great anger against her enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the mountain of Yahweh of hosts + +The implied information is that this refers to Mount Zion, the location upon which the city of Jerusalem was built. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/04.md b/zec/08/04.md index 85a763e23d..7183c10e83 100644 --- a/zec/08/04.md +++ b/zec/08/04.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## be in the streets of Jerusalem ## +# be in the streets of Jerusalem "be living in Jerusalem" -## in his hand because he has grown so old ## +# in his hand because he has grown so old -Having the opportunity to grow old is a sign of peace and prosperity. +People having the opportunity to grow old implies the city will be peaceful and prosperous for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## And the streets of the city will be full ## +# The streets of the city will be full The public areas of the city will be full of people in their normal activities. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/06.md b/zec/08/06.md index f870a71707..4424f2cf34 100644 --- a/zec/08/06.md +++ b/zec/08/06.md @@ -1,19 +1,31 @@ -## If something seems impossible in the eyes of ## +# If something seems impossible in the eyes of -"If something does not appear to be possible to" +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "If something does not appear to be possible to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the remnant of this people ## +# the remnant of this people -AT: "the people of Judah who survive" +"the people of Judah who survive" -## should it also seem impossible in my eyes? ## +# should it also seem impossible in my eyes? -God is asking this question in order to persuade his people to trust in his promises. AT: "it will surely be possible for me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question expects a negative answer in order to persuade his people to trust in his promises. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "it will surely be possible for me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## +# in my eyes -This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. +The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## I am about to rescue my people ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -"I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# I am about to rescue my people + +The implied information is that the people are in exile. "I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sun + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a poetic way of expressing specific countries to which the people were exiled. AT: "From the land to the east and from the land to the west" or 2) this is a merism that means from all directions. AT: "from all lands in every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# I will be their God in truth and in righteousness + +This can be rewritten to remove the abstract nouns "truth" and "righteousness." AT: "I will be their God. I will be faithful to them and act toward them in a just manner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/09.md b/zec/08/09.md index 79748a4210..cb3006160e 100644 --- a/zec/08/09.md +++ b/zec/08/09.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## when the foundation of my house was laid ## +# when the foundation of my house was laid -AT: "when the foundation of my temple was set in place" to "when you were building the foundation of my house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "when you were building the foundation of my house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## Strengthen your hands ## +# Strengthen your hands -AT: "Work hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. AT: "Be strong and courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## For before those days ## +# For before those days -AT: "Before you started to rebuild the temple" +Here "those days" refers to the time the people of Judah started to rebuild the temple. -## no crops were gathered in ## +# no crops were gathered in -AT: "there were no crops to harvest" +"there were no crops to harvest" -## there was no profit for either man or beast ## +# there was no profit for either man or beast -It was useless for people and their animals to farm the land, because they got no food from it. \ No newline at end of file +It was useless for people and their animals to farm the land, because they got no food from it. + +# for anyone going or coming + +This merism refers to all of life's activities everywhere that anyone went. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# I had set every person each against his neighbor + +"I had turned everyone against each other" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/11.md b/zec/08/11.md index e139e6587f..e5176bde5a 100644 --- a/zec/08/11.md +++ b/zec/08/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ -## as in former days; ## +# But now it will not be as in former days, I will be with the remnant of this people -"as in the past;" +"But I will not treat the remnant of this people now as I did in former days" -## I will be with the remnant of this people ## +# in former days -AT: "Now I will bless these people" or "Now I will treat these people kindly" +"in the past." The implied information is that this refers to the time when the people started rebuilding the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## seeds of peace will be sown ## +# the remnant of this people -AT: "I will make the people be at peace." +The implied information is that this is the remnant of the people who returned from exile. AT: "the people who returned from exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## This is Yahweh of hosts' declaration ## +# seeds of peace will be sown -This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. +This can be expressed in active form. AT: "the people will safely sow seed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the earth will give its produce ## +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -AT: "there will be good harvests in the fields" +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## The skies will give their dew ## +# the earth will give its produce; the skies will give their dew -Dew was often a symbol of prosperity. AT: "there will be much rain" +The earth and skies are spoken of as if they were persons giving what is needed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## inherit all these things ## +# inherit all these things -AT: "have all these things for all time" \ No newline at end of file +"to have all these things" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/13.md b/zec/08/13.md index d75ecbf61c..19bbf29144 100644 --- a/zec/08/13.md +++ b/zec/08/13.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## You were an example to the other nations of a curse ## +# You were an example to the other nations of a curse -AT: "When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse someone" +The implied information is that the way Yahweh had allowed the temple to be destroyed and his people to be exiled had been used by other nations as an example of what it meant to be cursed by Yahweh. AT: "When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse a people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## house of Judah and house of Israel ## +# house of Judah and house of Israel -"people of Judah and Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. AT: "people of Judah and Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## let your hands be strong! ## +# you will be a blessing -AT: "work hard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. AT: "you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations" or 2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. AT: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people" or 3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. AT: "I will give you many good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## do harm to you ## +# let your hands be strong + +This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. AT: "be strong and courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# do harm to you "punish you" -## provoked my anger ## +# provoked my anger "angered me" -## did not relent ## +# did not relent -"I did not change my mind" \ No newline at end of file +"did not decide to punish them less" + +# Jerusalem + +This is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. AT: "the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# house of Judah and house of Israel + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah. AT: "people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/16.md b/zec/08/16.md index 851a420652..b8c96bc89b 100644 --- a/zec/08/16.md +++ b/zec/08/16.md @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ -## that you must do ## +# that you must do "You" refers to the people of Judah. -## Speak truth, every person with his neighbor ## +# Speak truth, every person with his neighbor -AT: "Tell the truth to every person" +The abstract noun "truth" can be translated using the adjective "true." AT: "Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates ## +# his neighbor -AT: "Judge disputes justly in your places of judgment so that people can live in peace with each other" +Here "neighbor" means any person, not just someone who lives nearby. -## nor be attracted to false oaths ## +# Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates -AT: "do not approve when people tell lies in court cases" +This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "truth," "justice," and "peace." AT: "When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## +# in your gates -This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. \ No newline at end of file +The assumed knowledge is that this refers to the places where judgment took place. AT: "in your places of judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# do not love false oaths + +The implied information is that this refers to oaths taken in a court of law. AT: "do not approve when people tell lies in court cases" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/18.md b/zec/08/18.md index 465b023e9b..fe4ffd003d 100644 --- a/zec/08/18.md +++ b/zec/08/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,39 @@ -## Then the word of Yahweh of Hosts came to me ## +# the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying, -"Me" refers to Zechariah. +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). AT: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said," or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## 'The fast of the fourth month ... of the tenth month ## +# came to me -AT: "The traditional fasts of the fourth, fifth, seventh, and tenth months of the year" \ No newline at end of file +Here "me" refers to Zechariah. + +# The fasts of the fourth month, the fifth month, the seventh month, and the tenth month + +"The fasts of months 4, 5, 7, and 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) + +# The fasts of the fourth month + +The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians broke through the walls of Jerusalem. The fourth month is during the last part of June and the first part of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# the fifth month + +The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:3](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# the seventh month + +The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:5](../07/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# the tenth month + +The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians began their siege against Jerusalem. The tenth month is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) + +# times of joy, gladness, and happy festivals + +The abstract nouns "joy" and "gladness" can be translated using adjectives. AT: "joyful and glad times, with happy festivals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. AT: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# love truth and peace + +The abstract nouns "truth" and "peace" can be translated using adjectives. AT: "love what is truthful and peaceful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/20.md b/zec/08/20.md index 961cd3bbde..ac6f0cb7e1 100644 --- a/zec/08/20.md +++ b/zec/08/20.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## People will come again ## +# People will come again -"People will come to Jerusalem again" +The implied information is that Jerusalem is where the people will come. AT: "People will come again to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Many people and mighty nations will come ## +# will go to another city -"Many people will come, including people from large nations" \ No newline at end of file +This is a metonym for the people in the other city. AT: "will go to the people of another city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# beg + +Here the word "beg" means to plead or ask urgently. + +# before the face of Yahweh + +Here "face" is a metonym for Yahweh's presence. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:2](../07/01.md). AT: "in the presence of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# seek Yahweh of hosts + +Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# mighty nations + +This is a metonym for the people in the mighty nations. AT: "people of mighty nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/23.md b/zec/08/23.md index b922255196..b14f61c24c 100644 --- a/zec/08/23.md +++ b/zec/08/23.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -## will grasp the hem of your robe ## +# will grasp the hem of your robe -"will grasp your clothes to get your attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The implied information is that the foreigners will grab their robe to get their attention. AT: "will grasp the hem of your robe to get your attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Let us go with you ## +# Let us go with you -"Please let us travel to Jerusalem with you" +The implied information is that people of God are going to Jerusalem. AT: "Let us go to Jerusalem with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## God is with you ## +# God is with you "God is with you people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/intro.md b/zec/08/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2d313539f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/08/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Zechariah 08 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is a series of sayings from Yahweh of hosts. Each saying is an encouraging note for those returning from the exile to the land of Judah and Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/01.md b/zec/09/01.md index fe8799d0ed..0977712dad 100644 --- a/zec/09/01.md +++ b/zec/09/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## This is a declaration of Yahweh's word concerning ## +# This is a declaration of Yahweh's word concerning -AT: "This is Yahweh's message about" +"This is Yahweh's message about" -## the land of Hadrach and Damascus ## +# the land of Hadrak and Damascus -AT: "the people of the land of Hadrach and the city Damascus (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Hadrak" and "Damascus" refer to the people who live in those places. AT: "the people of the land of Hadrak and the city Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## for Yahweh's eye is on all mankind ## +# Hadrak -AT: "for Yahweh is watching all mankind" +The location of Hadrak is unknown today. -## Hamath ## +# its resting place -AT: "the people of the land of Hamath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"the resting place of the people of Hadrak" -## Tyre and Sidon ## +# for the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh -AT: "the people of Tyre and Sidon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Some versions translate this as "for Yahweh's eye is on all mankind and on the tribes of Israel." -## though they are very wise ## +# the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh -Zechariah probably did not really mean that the people of Hamath were wise. AT: “though they think they are very wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "eyes" refers to what they look at. AT: "all humanity and all the tribes of Israel look toward Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Hamath + +This refers to the people who live in that land. AT: "the people of the land of Hamath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Tyre and Sidon + +This refers to the people who live in those cities. AT: "the people of Tyre and Sidon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for they are very wise + +Possible meanings are 1) the people are wise for looking at Yahweh for help or 2) Zechariah did not really mean that the people of Hamath were wise and was using irony. AT: "though they think they are very wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/03.md b/zec/09/03.md index b7bfb6a441..0b9671fe36 100644 --- a/zec/09/03.md +++ b/zec/09/03.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -## built herself a stronghold ## +# built herself a stronghold -Here the city of Tyre is pictured as a woman. AT: "built a strong fortress" or "built a high wall" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here the city of Tyre is pictured as a woman. AT: "built a strong fortress" or "built a high wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## heaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streets ## +# heaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streets -AT: "accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Yahweh exaggerates to emphasize how rich Tyre was. AT: "accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -## Look! The Lord will dispossess her ## +# Look! The Lord will dispossess her -AT: "Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyre's possessions" +Here "Look!" tells the reader to pay attention to the important statement that follows. AT: "Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyre's possessions" -## and destroy her strength on the sea ## +# destroy her strength on the sea -AT: "and destroy Tyre's ships in which men fight on the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Tyre's "strength on the sea" refers to the ships that were used for commerce and conquest. AT: "destroy Tyre's ships in which men fight on the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## so she will be devoured by fire ## +# so she will be devoured by fire -AT: "and burn the city to the ground" \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "and enemies will burn the city to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/05.md b/zec/09/05.md index 174b51474b..9dae9a7bed 100644 --- a/zec/09/05.md +++ b/zec/09/05.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## will see ## +# Ashkelon ... Gaza ... Ekron, her hopes + +These cities each refer to the people who live in them. AT: "The people of Ashkelon ... the people of Gaza ... the hopes of the people of Ekron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will see "will see Tyre be destroyed" -## Strangers will make their homes in Ashdod ## +# Strangers will make their homes in Ashdod -AT: "Foreigners will take over Ashdod and live there" +"Foreigners will take over Ashdod and live there" -## and I will cut off the pride of the Philistines ## +# I will cut off the pride of the Philistines -AT: "I will make the Philistines to be proud of themselves no longer" \ No newline at end of file +Here "cut off" is an idiom that means to stop their pride. AT: "I will make the Philistines to be proud of themselves no longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will remove their blood from their mouths and their abominations from between their teeth + +Here "blood" refers to meat with blood in it, and "abominations" refers to meat offered to idols. The UDB makes this explicit. AT: "I will no longer allow them to eat meat that still has blood in it, and I will forbid them to eat food that they offered to idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/08.md b/zec/09/08.md index 3a017be6c0..7abc08083f 100644 --- a/zec/09/08.md +++ b/zec/09/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ -## I will camp around my land ## +# I will camp around my land -God is speaking about himself as if he were an army. AT: "I will protect my land" (See: UDB and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +God is speaking about himself as if he were an army that was protecting his land. AT: "I will protect my land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# For now + +"For at that time" + +# I will watch over my land with my own eyes + +Here "my own eyes" represent Yahweh's personal attention. AT: "I will personally watch over my land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/09.md b/zec/09/09.md index 17cada25eb..0ef92bdfd1 100644 --- a/zec/09/09.md +++ b/zec/09/09.md @@ -1,31 +1,47 @@ -## daughter of Zion! Shout with happiness, daughter of Jerusalem! ## +# General Information: -AT: "you people of Zion! Shout with happiness, you people of Jerusalem!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13. -## is bringing salvation ## +# Shout with great joy, daughter of Zion! Shout with happiness, daughter of Jerusalem! -"is rescuing you from your enemies" or "will save you from your enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +These two sentences mean the same thing and intensify the command to rejoice. Yahweh is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if they were present, but they were not there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -## on a donkey, on the colt of a donkey ## +# daughter of Zion ... daughter of Jerusalem -"on the colt of a donkey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +"Zion" is the same as "Jerusalem." The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. See how you translated "daughter of Zion" in [Zechariah 2:10](../02/10.md). -## cut off the chariot from Ephraim ## +# Behold! -AT: "destroy the chariots in Israel that are used for battle" +This alerts the reader to pay special attention to the surprising statement that follows. AT: "Pay attention!" or "Here is a surprising fact!" -## and the horse from Jerusalem ## +# Your king is coming to you with righteousness and is rescuing you -AT: "and the warhorses in Jerusalem" +"Your king is righteous and is coming to rescue you" -## and the bow will be cut off from battle ## +# on a donkey, on the colt of a donkey -Here the bow represents all weapons used in warfare. AT: " All weapons of war will be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to one animal. The second phrase clarifies that this is a young donkey. AT: "on a young donkey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## for he will speak peace to the nations ## +# cut off the chariot from Ephraim -Here the action of announcing peace represents the action of making peace. AT: "for your king will bring peace to the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]} +Here "cut off" is an idiom that means to destroy. AT: "destroy the chariots in Israel that are used for battle" -## and his dominion will be from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth! ## +# the horse from Jerusalem -"His kingdom will be over all the earth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +The references to "chariot" and "bow" means that this refers to horses used in battle. This can be made explicit. AT: "the warhorses in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# the bow will be cut off from battle + +Here the bow represents all weapons used in warfare. AT: "all weapons of war will be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# for he will speak peace to the nations + +Here the action of announcing peace represents the action of making peace. AT: "for your king will bring peace to the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# his dominion will be from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth! + +The phrases "sea to sea" and "from the River to the ends of the earth" mean the same thing and can be combined. AT: "his kingdom will be over all the earth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# the River + +This probably refers to the Euphrates River. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/11.md b/zec/09/11.md index 2043cec4aa..a4df6a12b8 100644 --- a/zec/09/11.md +++ b/zec/09/11.md @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@ -## And you ## +# General Information: -"You" refers to the people of Israel. +Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13. -## the pit where there is no water ## +# As for you ... Zion -This pit represents the exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "you" is singular, and continues to refer to the city of Jerusalem, also called "Zion." -## Return to the stronghold ## +# the pit where there is no water -AT: "Come back to your nation where you will be safe" +This dry pit represents the exile in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## prisoners of hope ## +# Return to the stronghold -This expression refers to the Israelites in exile who were still trusting in God to rescue them. +Jerusalem is spoken of as a place of safety. AT: "Come back to your nation where you will be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## bent Judah as my bow ## +# prisoners of hope -The people of Judah are referred to as if they were a bow carried by God into battle. AT: "I will use the people of Judah to fight against the people of Greece" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This expression refers to the Israelites in exile who were still trusting in God to rescue them. AT: "prisoners who still hope in Yahweh" -## filled my quiver with Ephraim ## +# return double to you -The people of Israel, the northern kingdom, are referred to as if they were arrows that God would shoot at his enemies. A quiver is a bag that holds a soldier's arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"return to you twice as much as was taken from you" -## I have roused your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece ## +# I have bent Judah as my bow + +The people of Judah are referred to as if they were a bow carried by God into battle. Here "Judah" refers to the people of that nation. AT: "I will cause the people of Judah to be like my bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# filled my quiver with Ephraim + +Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel, the northern kingdom, as if they were arrows that he would shoot at his enemies. A quiver is a bag that holds a soldier's arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I have roused your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece God is speaking to the people of two different nations at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/14.md b/zec/09/14.md index 03f7781604..4125750f9a 100644 --- a/zec/09/14.md +++ b/zec/09/14.md @@ -1,37 +1,43 @@ -This part of the prophecy continues with Hosea's words, instead of with Yahweh's words spoken through him. +# General Information: -## will appear to them ## +In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies. + +# will appear to them The word "them" refers to God's people. AT: "will be seen in the sky by his people" or "will come to his people" -## will be like lightning bolts ## +# his arrows will shoot out like lightning! -The Israelites sometimes thought of lightning bolts as arrows that God shot. +The Israelites sometimes thought of lightning bolts as arrows that God shot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## blow the trumpet ## +# blow the trumpet -The trumpets were rams' horns. People will blow into them to give signals in battle and on other occasions. +The trumpets were rams' horns. People blew into them to give signals in battle and on other occasions. Here the trumpet is blown as a military signal. -## will advance with the storms from Teman ## +# will advance with the storms from Teman -The Israelites sometimes thought of God as traveling on violent storms coming from the south. +Team was located to the south of Judah. The Israelites sometimes thought of God as traveling on violent storms coming from the south. AT: "will march from Teman with the storm winds" -## will devour ## +# they will devour them -AT: "will completely defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"the people of Judah will devour their enemies" -## defeat the stones of the slings ## +# will devour -The Israelites will defeat the soldiers who fight with slingshots. These soldiers represent all the enemies of Israel, no matter what weapons they are carrying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +To completely defeat enemies is spoken of as devouring them as a wild animal eats its prey. AT: "will completely defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Then they will drink and shout like men drunk on wine ## +# defeat the stones of the slings -AT: " They will shout and celebrate their victory as loudly as if they were drunk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Slings to throw stones were a common weapon in the days of Zechariah. Here the "stones of the slings" represent the soldiers who were using them to attack Israel. AT: "defeat the enemies who attack them with slings and stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and they will be filled with wine like bowls at the altar ## +# Then they will drink and shout like men drunk on wine -AT: "and they will be as full of wine as basins that catch blood at the altar" +The people of Judah will shout and celebrate their victory over their enemies as if they were noisy drunks. AT: "Then they will shout and celebrate their victory as loudly as if they were drunk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## like the corners of the altar ## +# they will be filled with wine like bowls -Altars had projecting corners where animal blood collected. AT: "as the corners of the altar are full of blood" \ No newline at end of file +This probably refers to the bowls that the priests used to carry animal's blood to the altar. AT: "they will be as full of wine as the basins with which priests carry blood to the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# like the corners of the altar + +Altars had projecting corners that were drenched in animal blood. AT: "they will be drenched as the corners of the altar are covered in blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/16.md b/zec/09/16.md index e6074ddc70..27da740883 100644 --- a/zec/09/16.md +++ b/zec/09/16.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ -God continues talking about his people. +# General Information: -## for they will be the jewels of a crown ## +In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies. -AT: "in our land they will be like beautiful stones in a crown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +# God will rescue them ... as the flock of his people -## The young men will flourish on grain ## +The people of Israel are spoken of as if they are God's sheep that he cares for and protects. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -The young men will live on food they receive from the harvest. +# They are the jewels of a crown -## and the virgins on sweet wine ## +The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were the expensive jewels in the crown of a king that show how glorious he is. AT: "They will be like beautiful stones in a crown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -Young women will enjoy new wine. These references to young men and young women represent the entire population of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file +# How good and how beautiful they will be! + +This is an exclamation, and not a question. AT: "They will be very good and beautiful!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + +# The young men will flourish on grain and the virgins on sweet wine! + +This sentence uses a parallel structure to express that everyone will have plenty to eat and drink. If your readers might think that only the men ate and only the women drank, you may want to adjust the wording. AT: "All of the people, both men and women, will have plenty of grain to eat and sweet wine to drink!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# The young men ... the virgins + +These two phrases are parallel and together represent the entire population of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# grain ... sweet wine + +These two phrases are parallel and together represent all of the different kinds of the food and drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/09/intro.md b/zec/09/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f635c772b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/09/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Zechariah 09 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written mainly in prose about the cities and peoples around where Israel stood as a country until the exile. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 9:9-10, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecies against other nations ##### +The first two verses show that the prophecy concerns neighboring countries. Hamath, Damscus, Tyre and Sidon are cities in areas that were near Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/10/01.md b/zec/10/01.md index 6b3730aa3c..dbd70d1d70 100644 --- a/zec/10/01.md +++ b/zec/10/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,35 @@ -## makes thunderstorms ## +# General Information: -"makes storm clouds" +Zechariah continues speaking to the people of Israel. -## plants in the field for mankind ## +# makes thunderstorms -AT: "crops in the fields for people" +"makes the clouds from which the rain falls in storms" -## idols speak falsely ## +# vegetation in the field -AT: "idols give false messages" +"causes plants to grow in the field" -## diviners envision a lie ## +# idols speak falsely -AT: "diviners see false visions" +"idols give false messages." Zechariah is not suggesting that idols actually speak. He is referring to the messages people say they hear from idols. The UDB makes this explicit. -## they tell deceitful dreams ## +# diviners envision a lie -AT: "diviners have dreams that do not tell the truth" +"diviners see false visions" -## they wander like sheep ## +# they tell deceitful dreams -AT: "the people do not know which way to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that they know these dreams are false. This can be made explicit. AT: "diviners lie about their dreams in order to deceive people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# empty comfort + +This refers to words that sooth temporarily, but do not provide any longterm help. + +# they wander like sheep + +The people who do not have true prophets who tell the truth are spoken of as sheep who do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. AT: "the people who listen to the false prophets are like sheep who do not know which way to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# they ... suffer because there is no shepherd + +The people who do not have true prophets are spoken of as sheep who suffer because they do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. AT: "the people who listen to the false prophets ... are suffering like sheep who do not have a shepherd to guide them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/10/03.md b/zec/10/03.md index 29eef56374..81294b1ff4 100644 --- a/zec/10/03.md +++ b/zec/10/03.md @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -## My wrath burns against the shepherds ## +# General Information: -"Shepherds" represents the leaders of God's people. AT: "My anger toward the shepherds of my people is strong" or "I am very angry with the leaders of my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5. -## it is the male goats—the leaders—that I will punish ## +# My wrath burns against the shepherds -"Male goats" represents oppressive leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "the shepherds" represent the leaders of God's people. The intensity of Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it was a blazing fire. AT: "My anger toward the shepherds of my people is as intense as a fire" or "I am very angry with the leaders of my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Yahweh of hosts will also attend to his flock, the house of Judah ## +# it is the male goats—the leaders—that I will punish -AT: "I will take care of the house of Judah" +Male goats are typically more dominant than female goats. Here "male goats" represents the oppressive leaders of God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and make them like his war horse in battle ## +# Yahweh of hosts will also attend to his flock, the house of Judah -AT: "and will give them my mighty fearless strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here Yahweh's care for his people is spoken of as a shepherd cares for his sheep. AT: "Yahweh of hosts will take care of the house of Judah as a shepherd cares for his sheep" + +# the house of Judah + +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. AT: "Judah" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# make them like his warhorse in battle + +Yahweh changes the metaphor for his people from defenseless sheep to a mighty war horse. He speaks of his people as if they were a strong horse in battle. AT: "will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/10/04.md b/zec/10/04.md index 8bde55d80d..399fe2641c 100644 --- a/zec/10/04.md +++ b/zec/10/04.md @@ -1,19 +1,39 @@ -## From them will come the cornerstone ## +# General Information: -"From them the cornerstone will come" or "Some of their descendants will be very important rulers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5. -## from them will come the tent peg ## +# From Judah will come the cornerstone -"from them the tent peg will come" AT: "will come leaders who will hold the nation together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"The cornerstone will come from Judah." The most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main foundation stone of a building. AT: "One of the descendants of Judah will become the most important ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## They will be like warriors ## +# the cornerstone ... the tent peg ... the war bow -AT: "They will be mighty in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Possible meanings for these three things are 1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or 2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -## who trample their enemies into the mud of the streets in battle ## +# from him will come the tent peg -AT: "who defeat their enemies completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"the tent peg will come from him." The tent pegs held the ropes that supported tents in which people lived. Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main peg that holds a tent in place. AT: "the leader who will hold the nation together will come from Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and they will shame those who ride warhorses ## +# from him will come the war bow -AT: "and they will defeat their enemies on horses who fight them" \ No newline at end of file +"the war bow will come from him." Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the a war bow that was used in battle. AT: "the military leader will come from Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# from him will come every ruler together + +"every ruler will come from Judah" + +# They will be like warriors ... streets in battle + +The rulers from Judah are spoken of as if they were victorious warriors. AT: "They will be mighty in battle, trampling their enemies into the mud of the streets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# who trample their enemies into the mud of the streets in battle + +To trample them into the mud is an idiom that means to completely defeat them. AT: "who defeat their enemies completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh is with them + +Here "with them" is an idiom that means he is present to help them. AT: "Yahweh will help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# they will shame those who ride warhorses + +Here shame accompanies and represents defeat. AT: "they will defeat their enemies who ride warhorses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/10/06.md b/zec/10/06.md index 5c14dcda8e..cbd8133c40 100644 --- a/zec/10/06.md +++ b/zec/10/06.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## I will strengthen the house of Judah ## +# General Information: -AT: "I will make the people of Judah strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -## the house of Joseph ## +# the house of Judah -This refers to the people of the northern kingdom of Israel. +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. AT: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I had not cast them off ## +# the house of Joseph -AT: "I had not rejected them" +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. AT: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Ephraim will be like a warrior ## +# I had not cast them off -"Ephraim" refers here to the northern kingdom of Israel. AT: "Ephraim will be very strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This speaks of the people as a torn or dirty garment that Yahweh took off and threw away. This symbolizes rejection. AT: "I had not rejected them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -## their hearts will rejoice as with wine ## +# Ephraim will be like a warrior -AT: "and they will be truly very happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +"Ephraim" refers here to the northern kingdom of Israel. Warriors are strong. AT: "Ephraim will be very strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## their children will see and rejoice. Their hearts will rejoice in Yahweh ## +# their hearts will rejoice as with wine -AT: "Their children will see what has taken place and will be happy because of what Yahweh has done for them" \ No newline at end of file +Here "hearts" refers to the whole person. They will have the same joy as a person who is enjoying drinking wine. AT: "and they will be very happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# their children will see and rejoice. Their hearts will rejoice in me! + +"their children will see what has taken place and will be happy because of what Yahweh has done for them!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/10/08.md b/zec/10/08.md index 4249378edc..906b4f09eb 100644 --- a/zec/10/08.md +++ b/zec/10/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## I will whistle ## +# General Information: + +In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. + +# I will whistle To whistle is to produce a high, shrill sound with air through narrowed lips. It is often done to give a signal to other people, as here. -## until there is no more room for them ## +# I sowed them among the peoples -The people will continue to go back to Judah and it will become crowded with no room for any more people to live there. \ No newline at end of file +The exile of the people is spoken of as if they were seed that Yahweh had planted in a distant land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# until there is no more room for them + +The people will continue to go back to Judah and it will become crowded with no room for any more people to live there. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "and they will completely fill the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/10/11.md b/zec/10/11.md index 6715d1528b..cf59ac5336 100644 --- a/zec/10/11.md +++ b/zec/10/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## will pass through the sea of their affliction ## +# General Information: -Scripture often refers to the sea as an image of many troubles and hardships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -## and will dry up all the depths of the Nile ## +# I will pass through the sea of their affliction -AT: "I will the Nile River to lose all its water" +Scripture often refers to the sea as an image of many troubles and hardships. Here Yahweh speaks of himself accompanying the people to help them go through these afflictions. AT: "I will go with them and help them as they go through their many afflictions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## The majesty of Assyria will be brought down ## +# I will strike the waves of that sea -Here "the majesty of Assyria" probably refers to the Assyrian army. AT: "I will destroy Assyria's proud army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here to "strike" the waves is an idiom that means he will stop the waves from forming. Stopping the afflictions of his people is spoken of as calming the waves of that sea. AT: "I will cause the waves of that sea of affliction to stop" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and the scepter of Egypt will go away from the Egyptians. ## +# will dry up all the depths of the Nile -AT: "and the power of Egypt to rule other nations will end." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will cause the Nile River to lose all its water" -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## +# The majesty of Assyria will be brought down -This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. \ No newline at end of file +Here "the majesty of Assyria" probably refers to the Assyrian army. AT: "I will destroy Assyria's proud army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# the scepter of Egypt will go away from the Egyptians + +Here "the scepter of Egypt" refers to the political power of Egypt. AT: "the power of Egypt to rule other nations will end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I will strengthen them in myself + +"I will cause them to be strong and to believe in me" + +# they will walk in my name + +Here "in my name" is an idiom that means they will do what Yahweh wants them to do. AT: "they will honor and obey me as I want them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/10/intro.md b/zec/10/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..896fe929cd --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/10/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Zechariah 10 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]]) + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 10:1-2, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Redemption ##### +This book, and especially this chapter, uses the concepts of redemption and remnant to share the relationship that the people of Judah have with their God. So many of the people of Israel perished as their kingdom went into exile. Now they are returning to the land, but the land is no longer theirs. They are living under foreign rule. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/01.md b/zec/11/01.md index 7bfeb599c7..036a0aff1c 100644 --- a/zec/11/01.md +++ b/zec/11/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -## Open your doors, Lebanon that fire may devour your cedars ## +# Open your doors, Lebanon, that fire may devour -The prophet is speaking to the land of Lebanon as if it were a person. AT: "People of Lebanon, get ready for fire to burn up your cedar trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +Not resisting what is about to happen is spoken of as if Lebanon were opening its doors. Here "Lebanon" is a metonym that represents the people of Lebanon. AT: "People of Lebanon, get ready, because fire will devour" or "People of Lebanon, do not try to stop the fire that will devour" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Lament, cypress trees, for the cedar trees have fallen ## +# fire may devour your cedars -AT: "If the trees were people, they would cry out in sorrow. The cypress trees stand alone because the cedars have burned and fallen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Fire completely burning up the cedars is spoken of as if the fire would devour the cedars. AT: "fire may completely destroy your cedars" or "fire may completely burn up your cedars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Lament, you oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest has gone down. ## +# Lament, cypress trees, for the cedar trees have fallen -AT: "If the oak trees in Bashan were people, they would wail, for their thick forests have been cut down." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Cypress trees are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. AT: "If the trees were people, they would cry out in sorrow. The cypress trees stand alone because the cedars have burned and fallen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## The shepherds howl ## +# What was majestic has been devastated -AT: "The shepherds cry out loudly" +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The majestic cedar trees are no more" or "The cedar trees were once majestic, but now they are ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for their glory has been destroyed ## +# Lament, you oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest has gone down. -"Their glory" probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. AT: "for their rich pastures have been ruined." +The oaks of Bash are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. AT: "If the oak trees in Bashan were people, they would wail, for their thick forests are gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## for the pride of the Jordan River ## +# The shepherds howl -AT: "because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River have been destroyed." \ No newline at end of file +"The shepherds cry out loudly" + +# for their glory has been destroyed + +Here "their glory" probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. AT: "for their rich pastures are ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# for the pride of the Jordan River has been devastated + +Here "the pride" probably represents the forests that grew near the Jordan River. AT: "because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/04.md b/zec/11/04.md index 872835d6e6..498b6c7785 100644 --- a/zec/11/04.md +++ b/zec/11/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -Here Yahweh starts to give instructions to Zechariah in the form of a parable about shepherds and sheep. +# General Information: -## the inhabitants of the land ## +In 11:4-17 is a story about two shepherds. Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or 2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) + +# watch over the flock destined for slaughter + +"take care of a flock of sheep that the owners plan to slaughter" + +# are not punished + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one punishes them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the inhabitants of the land "the people of the land" -## this is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -This phrase is often translated as "Yahweh says" in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## turn over every person into his neighbor's hands ## +# See! -AT: "allow each person to be controled by another person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Listen!" or "Pay attention!" -## and into his king's hands ## +# I myself -AT: "and into the unjust control of his king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "myself" is used to emphasize that it is Yahweh who will do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -## they will crush the land ## +# turn over every person into the hand of his neighbor and into the hand of his king -AT: "They will have no mercy on the land's people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "allow the people to harm each other and the king will oppress them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## I will not rescue Judah from their hand ## +# none of them will I deliver them from their hand -AT: "but I will not rescue the people of Judah from their power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "I will not save them from those who are harming them" or "I will not rescue them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/07.md b/zec/11/07.md index 7826b29408..72ebf5bd30 100644 --- a/zec/11/07.md +++ b/zec/11/07.md @@ -1,25 +1,15 @@ -The parable about shepherds and sheep continues. +# for those who dealt in sheep -## flock meant for the slaughter, for those who dealt in sheep. ## +"for those who bought and sold sheep" -AT: "flock of sheep that was intended for slaughter." +# Favor -## staffs ## +Other versions of the Bible translate this word as "grace," "beauty," or "pleasant." -Staffs are wooden sticks used for various purposes, including directing sheep. Staffs may have different types of hooks on the ends. +# I ran out of patience with them -## Favor ## +Possible meanings are 1) "them" refers to the three shepherds or 2) "them" refers to the sheep owners. -Various versions also translate the Hebrew word in this text as "grace" and "beauty." +# the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed -## Unity ## - -This is the idea of brotherhood between the two parts of Israel, the northern kingdom and the southern kingdom. - -## I grew tired of the sheep owners ## - -AT:"I could no longer tolerate the sheep owners who had hired me." - -## despised ## - -hated, detested. \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sheep that are perishing—let them perish" or "the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/10.md b/zec/11/10.md index d2a8946c9f..69eab038f4 100644 --- a/zec/11/10.md +++ b/zec/11/10.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ -The parable about shepherds and sheep continues. +# the covenant was broken -## broke it to break the covenant that I had made with all of my tribes ## +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the covenant ended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -The prophet is speaking and acting for Yahweh here. +# knew that Yahweh had spoken -## had spoken ## +It is implied that those watching knew Yahweh was giving them a message through the breaking of the staff. AT: "knew that Yahweh had given them a message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AT: "had spoken a message to them" +# thirty pieces of silver -## thirty pieces of silver ## +It is implied that this was very little pay for the shepherd. AT: "only thirty pieces of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -330 grams of silver. A shekel weighed eleven grams. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file +# thirty pieces + +"30 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/13.md b/zec/11/13.md index b17379d321..b25702ad19 100644 --- a/zec/11/13.md +++ b/zec/11/13.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + The parable about shepherds and sheep continues. -## treasury ## +# treasury -the storehouses in the temple of Yahweh +This is the place in the temple of Yahweh where the priests kept the money. Many versions of the Bible translate this as "potter." This is the person who would melt metal to make vessels out of it. Here Yahweh would mean that the payment is so small that the shepherd should have the silver melted to show how insulted he was. -## the excellent price ## +# the excellent price -This means to say that this price was very small for a shepherd doing Yahweh's work. See UDB, which removes the irony: "a ridiculously small amount of money." (See: [[[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +Yahweh uses irony to say that this price was very small for a shepherd doing Yahweh's work. AT: "the ridiculously small amount of money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -## the thirty pieces of silver ## +# between Judah and Israel -330 grams of silver. A shekel weighed eleven grams. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicalmoney]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "Judah" represents the people of the southern kingdom and "Israel" represents the people of the northern kingdom. AT: "between the people of Judah and the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/15.md b/zec/11/15.md index 6eafe6d5ec..d2a2fc59de 100644 --- a/zec/11/15.md +++ b/zec/11/15.md @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -The parable about shepherds and sheep continues. +# General Information: -## the fat sheep ## +This continues the story about two shepherds that began in [Zechariah 11:4](./04.md). Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or 2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -the healthy, well-grown sheep +# I am about to set in place a shepherd in the land -## will tear off their hooves ## +Here "set in place" is an idiom. AT: "I am about to appoint a shepherd in the land" or "I am about to put a shepherd in charge in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -probably as an act of cruelty \ No newline at end of file +# the fattened sheep + +"the fattest sheep" or "the best sheep" + +# will tear off their hooves + +This was probably done as an act of cruelty. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/17.md b/zec/11/17.md index 774d7c2e10..76cbd12d0c 100644 --- a/zec/11/17.md +++ b/zec/11/17.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ -The parable about shepherds and sheep continues. +# May the sword -## Woe to the worthless shepherd ## +Here "sword" represents enemies who will attack the shepherd. AT: "May enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AT: "What sorrow waits for this worthless shepherd" +# come against his arm and his right eye -## come against his arm and his right eye ## +Here "come against" is an idiom. AT: "strike and wound his right arm and pierce his right eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -AT: "wound right arm and pierce his right eye!" +# his arm -## May the sword come against ## +Here "arm" represents the power to fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -"Sword" here represents enemies who will attack the shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# his right eye -## his arm ## +A soldier would use his right eye to look around the shield that he held with his left hand. If his right eye was wounded, he would not be able to see to fight in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -his power to fight (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# his arm wither away -## his right eye ## - -his ability to see while fighting. \ No newline at end of file +"his arm waste away" or "his arm become completely useless" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/intro.md b/zec/11/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..187058c197 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/11/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Zechariah 11 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter unlike the previous one is a warning against the leaders amongst the exiles. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 11:1-3,17, which are extended quotations. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Metaphor ##### +This chapter uses an extended metaphor of sheep and shepherds to convey Yahweh's dismay at the leaders during the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Symbolism ##### +The writer uses symbolism. Zechariah is told to become a shepherd. He uses two staffs and names them "Unity" and "Favor." He does this very purposefully. In order to preserve this symbolism, it is important to pay attention to the specific words used. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/12/01.md b/zec/12/01.md index 3c82169147..f4b71dde23 100644 --- a/zec/12/01.md +++ b/zec/12/01.md @@ -1,33 +1,35 @@ +# General Information: + These verses begin a section that tells about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. -## a declaration of Yahweh ## +# This is a declaration of Yahweh's word concerning Israel -This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. +"This is the message that Yahweh declares concerning Israel" -## the one who stretched out the skies ## +# who stretched out the skies -"the one who created the sky" +This is a metaphor that speaks of the sky as if it were like a scroll that is rolled up and needs to be stretched out. AT: "the one who created the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## laid the foundation of the earth ## +# laid the foundation of the earth -AT: "put all the earth into place" +This is a metaphor that speaks of the earth as if it were a building with a foundation. AT: "put all the earth into place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## fashions the spirit of mankind within him ## +# fashions the spirit of mankind within man -AT: "creates the human spirit" +This is a metaphor that speaks of the spirit as if it were like clay that a potter shapes. AT: "creates the human spirit" -## cup ## +# I am about to make Jerusalem into a cup ... to stagger about -That is, a cup of something to drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if Yahweh would make Jerusalem a cup full of an alcoholic drink that will cause the surrounding peoples to get drunk and stagger. AT: "Soon it will be like I make Jerusalem into a cup ... to stagger about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## causing all the peoples surrounding her to stagger about ## +# into a cup -That is, the drink is alcoholic and will cause the armies attacking Jerusalem to become drunk and unable to fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "cup" represents the cup and the contents within the cup. AT: "into a cup full of wine" or "into a cup full of an alcoholic drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## her ## +# surrounding her -That is, the city of Jerusalem. It was common in Hebrew to speak of a city or country as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here "her" refers to the city of Jerusalem. It was common in Hebrew to speak of a city or country as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## heavy stone for all the peoples ## +# I will make Jerusalem a heavy stone for all the peoples -That is, something impossible to move (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if he would make Jerusalem a heavy stone. AT: "It will be like I will make Jerusalem a heavy stone for all the peoples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/12/04.md b/zec/12/04.md index dda1977ea9..d768def1ca 100644 --- a/zec/12/04.md +++ b/zec/12/04.md @@ -1,25 +1,31 @@ +# General Information: + These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. -## On that day ## +# On that day -This refers to the day that the armies attack Jerusalem. +"At the time when the armies attack Jerusalem" -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## I will look with favor on ## +# I will look with favor on the house of Judah -AT: "I will protect" +The phrase "look with favor on" is an idiom. AT: "I will show favor to the house of Judah" or "I will protect the house of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## the house of Judah ## +# the house of Judah -the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "house" represents people. AT: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## say in their hearts ## +# say in their hearts -This means they will think and say to themselves. +Here "hearts" represents a person's mind. AT: "think to themselves" or "say to themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## because of Yahweh of hosts ## +# are our strength -AT: "because they worship Yahweh of hosts" \ No newline at end of file +The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as "strong" or "encourage." AT: "make us strong" or "encourage us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Yahweh of hosts, their God + +"Yahweh of hosts, the God they worship" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/12/06.md b/zec/12/06.md index 07555feb17..1af1cadcb7 100644 --- a/zec/12/06.md +++ b/zec/12/06.md @@ -1,25 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + This verse continues telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. -## On that day ## +# like firepots among wood ... standing grain -The time when Jerusalem is attacked and God defeats her enemies. +This simile means Yahweh will enable the leaders of Judah to be strong and able to lead the people to defeat their enemies. AT: "like firepots among stacked firewood ... unharvested stalks of grain standing in a field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## firepots ## +# firepots -Clay pots in which ancient people often carried burning coals. +clay pots in which ancient people often carried burning coals -## flaming torch ## +# flaming torch -A wooden stick that is burning at one end in order to give light as one travels or to carry fire somewhere. +a wooden stick that is burning at one end which gives light as one travels or carries fire somewhere -## among wood...standing grain ## +# will consume all the surrounding peoples -Stacked firewood...unharvested stalks of grain standing in a field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Completely destroying the peoples is spoken of as if the people of Judah will "devour" them. AT: "will destroy the surrounding peoples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## will consume all the surrounding peoples ## +# on their right and on their left -AT: "will destroy the surrounding peoples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "right" and "left" represent every direction. AT: "in every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -## Jerusalem will again live in her own place ## +# Jerusalem will again live in her own place -The people of Jerusalem will again live in their own city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]). \ No newline at end of file +Here "Jerusalem" represents the people who live there. AT: "The people of Jerusalem will again live in their own city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/12/07.md b/zec/12/07.md index 70dc7f773a..fedf27b840 100644 --- a/zec/12/07.md +++ b/zec/12/07.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. -## the tents of Judah ## +# the tents of Judah -The people of Judah, where "tents" represents "homes," and "homes" represents the people who live in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "tents" represents homes, and homes represent the people who live in them. AT: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the house of David ## +# the house of David -The descendants of David, or perhaps the ruling class of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the descendants of David or 2) the ruling class of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the angel of Yahweh ## +# those who are weak among them will be like David -An angel sent by Yahweh to protect the people. \ No newline at end of file +This simile means those who are weak will be strong. AT: "those who are weak will be strong like David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the angel of Yahweh + +This is an angel sent by Yahweh to protect the people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/12/10.md b/zec/12/10.md index 89b6a62a23..3159514ea5 100644 --- a/zec/12/10.md +++ b/zec/12/10.md @@ -1,15 +1,27 @@ -## I will pour out a spirit of compassion and pleading ## +# I will pour out a spirit of compassion and pleading on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem -AT: "I will give the people a spirit to have mercy on others and to pray to me for mercy" +Causing the people to be compassionate and to plead is spoken of as if the spirit were a liquid that Yahweh would pour on them. AT: "I will cause the house of David and inhabitants of Jerusalem to have mercy on others and to pray to me for mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the one they have pierced ## +# a spirit of compassion and pleading -AT: "the one whom they stabbed to death" +Here this means to have a characteristic of compassion and pleading. -## the laments in Jerusalem will be like the laments at Hadad Rimmon ## +# the house of David -Hadad Rimmon may have been the place where the good King Josiah died of battle wounds after the Battle of Megiddo. It appears that the custom arose to hold periodic mourning there for his death. Some people, however, think that Hadad Rimmon was the name of a false god who was believed to die every year, an event for which his worshipers would go into mourning. +Here "house" represents descendants. AT: "the descendants of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Megiddo ## +# the one they have pierced + +"the one whom they stabbed to death" + +# for an only son + +It is understood that the "son" has died. AT: "for an only son who has died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# the laments in Jerusalem will be like the laments at Hadad Rimmon + +Hadad Rimmon may have been the place where the good King Josiah died of battle wounds after the Battle of Megiddo. It appears that the custom arose to hold periodic mourning there for his death. Some people, however, think that Hadad Rimmon was the name of a false god who was believed to die every year, an event for which his worshipers would go into mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Megiddo This is the name of a plain in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/12/12.md b/zec/12/12.md index bd0de11018..e94d84da21 100644 --- a/zec/12/12.md +++ b/zec/12/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -## The land ## +# The land will mourn -This refers to all the people living in the land of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This represents all the people living in the land of Judah. AT: "All the people in the land of Judah will mourn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## the house of David...of Nathan...of Levi ## +# The clan of the house of David ... The clan of the house of Nathan ... The clan of the house of Levi -The descendants of David...of Nathan...of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "house" represents descendants. AT: "The descendants of David ... The descendants of Nathan ... The descendants of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/12/intro.md b/zec/12/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1a0ad66b00 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/12/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Zechariah 12 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Similar to chapter 11, this chapter is written mainly in prose and is talking about Jerusalem. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +Verses 10-11 are quoted in the New Testament and apply to Jesus' death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]]) +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/13/01.md b/zec/13/01.md index 83e9f6bb6d..9a302e9418 100644 --- a/zec/13/01.md +++ b/zec/13/01.md @@ -1,23 +1,27 @@ -## a spring of water ## +# a spring will be opened ... for their sin and impurity -A place where water flows naturally out of the ground. +Forgiving the people's sins is spoken of as if a spring of water will wash away their sins. This can be stated in active form. AT: "it will be like a spring opens ... to cleanse their sin and impurity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## for their sin and impurity ## +# a spring -AT: "to cleanse their sin and impurity" +a place where water flows naturally out of the ground -## will be on that day ## +# the house of David -This refers to the time that the spring is opened. +Here "house" represents descendants. AT: "the descendants of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## This is Yahweh of hosts' declaration ## +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## cut off the names of the idols from the land ## +# I will cut off the names of the idols from the land -AT: "erase idol worship throughout the land" +Causing the people to no longer mention the names of idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would "cut off the names of the idols from the land." AT: "I will cause the people to no longer mention the names of the idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## and also I will cause the false prophets and their unclean spirit to go out of the land ## +# so that they will no longer be called to mind -AT: "I will remove the false prophets and their impure spirits from the land" \ No newline at end of file +The idiom "called to mind" means to remember or to think about something. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that they no longer think about the idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# I will also cause the false prophets and their unclean spirit to go out of the land + +Evil spirits are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. AT: "I will also remove the false prophets and their evil spirits from the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/13/03.md b/zec/13/03.md index 6aa4296a62..81f6993532 100644 --- a/zec/13/03.md +++ b/zec/13/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## his father and mother who bore him ## +# to prophesy -The phrase "who bore him" describes "his father and mother" in order to express surprise that someone's own parents would treat him in this way. +It is implied that these are false prophecies. AT: "to prophesy falsely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## You will not live ## +# his father and mother who bore him -AT: "You must die" +The phrase "who bore him" describes "his father and mother" in order to express surprise that someone's own parents would treat him in this way. AT: "his own father and mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) -## will pierce ## +# You will not live -Stab him to kill him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +This can be stated in positive form. AT: "You must die" + +# you speak lies in the name of Yahweh + +Speaking in the name of someone means speaking with his power and authority, or as his representative. AT: "you claim to speak for Yahweh but you speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# will pierce + +"will stab and kill him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/13/04.md b/zec/13/04.md index 334147970a..bd3452ba0c 100644 --- a/zec/13/04.md +++ b/zec/13/04.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ -## that each prophet ## +# each prophet -This refers to the false prophets, not to the true prophets of Yahweh. +This implies false prophets. AT: "every false prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## no longer wear a hairy cloak ## +# no longer wear a hairy cloak -"Cloak" refers to a heavy outer garment. s made of animal hair that prophets usually wore. +Prophets often wore heavy outer garments made of animal hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## work the soil ## +# I am a man who works the soil -That is, farm. +"I am a farmer" -## the land became my work while I was still a young man ## +# the land became my work while I was still a young man -Different versions interpret this phrase in different ways. +"I became a farmer when I was young." Some versions of the Bible translate this as "a man sold me as a slave when I was young." -## What are these wounds between your arms? ## +# What are these wounds between your arms? -AT: "How did you get those cuts on your back between your shoulders?" This refers to the custom of idol worshipers allowing themselves to be wounded in their ceremonies. +"How did you get those cuts on your chest?" This refers to the apparent custom of false prophets wounding themselves in their ceremonies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## he will answer ## +# he will answer -That is, he will answer with a lie. \ No newline at end of file +It is implied that his answer is a lie. AT: "he will lie to him saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/13/07.md b/zec/13/07.md index 5a1e20bbda..5f2ae9b4b8 100644 --- a/zec/13/07.md +++ b/zec/13/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,35 @@ -## Sword! Rouse yourself ## +# General Information: -AT: "You, sword! You must wake up." This is a command from Yahweh for his shepherd to be attacked and killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Zechariah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -## against my shepherd ## +# General Information: -This refer to a certain king or a certain servant of Yahweh. +Here Yahweh begins speaking. -## This is Yahweh of hosts' declaration ## +# Sword! Rouse yourself against my shepherd -This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. +"You, sword! Go and attack my shepherd." Here Yahweh speaks to a sword as if it were a person. Here it represents enemies. AT: "You, enemies! Go and attack my shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -## the flock ## +# my shepherd -"The flock" refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of a servant of Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. AT: "my servant who is like a shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## the humble ones ## +# the man who stands close to me + +This is an idiom. AT: "the man who is my close companion" or "the man who is my friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/01.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# the flock will scatter + +The people of God are spoken of as if they were sheep. AT: "my people will run away like sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# I will turn my hand against the lowly ones + +The idiom "turn my hand against" means to act hostile towards someone. AT: "I will attack the lowly ones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the lowly ones This probably refers to all the Israelites who are weak and defenseless. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/13/08.md b/zec/13/08.md index 2aaf6c1850..f45ba4f095 100644 --- a/zec/13/08.md +++ b/zec/13/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -## This is Yahweh's declaration ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -This phrase is often translated as “Yahweh says” in the UDB. You can translate this concept whichever way is best in your language. This phrase is used many times in Zechariah. +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## I will bring that third through the fire ## +# that two-thirds of it will be cut off! Those people will perish; only one-third will remain there + +People being killed is spoken of as if they are cut off like cloth is cut from a garment or a branch is cut from a plant. AT: "that two out of every three people will die! Only one person out of three will remain in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) + +# I will bring that third through the fire Metal is passed through fire in order to purify or harden it. This expression serves here as a metaphor for exposing the people to suffering in order that they may become more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## refine them as silver is refined, and I will test them as gold is tested ## +# refine them as silver is refined; I will test them as gold is tested -Refining refers to making precious metals such as silver more pure. Metals such as silver and gold are tested in order to discover how pure or strong they are. Both refining and testing are here metaphors for making the people more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Refining refers to making precious metals such as silver more pure. Metals such as silver and gold are tested in order to discover how pure or strong they are. Both refining and testing are here metaphors for making the people more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# They will call on my name + +Here "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "They will call out to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/13/intro.md b/zec/13/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e771995285 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/13/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Zechariah 13 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written partly in prose and partly in poetry. + +Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 13:7-9, which is an extended quotation. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase "that day" or "in that day." When referencing a future "day," the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/01.md b/zec/14/01.md index b31df6a36c..03df607358 100644 --- a/zec/14/01.md +++ b/zec/14/01.md @@ -1,13 +1,23 @@ -This chapter describes the final war for the city of Jerusalem and how God will save her. +# General Information: -## your plunder will be divided ## +This chapter describes the final war for the city of Jerusalem and how God will save it. -AT: "your enemies will take and share out for themselves all your possessions" +# A day for Yahweh is coming when your plunder will be divided in your midst -## I will gather every nation against Jerusalem for battle ## +A future time is spoken of as if "a day is coming." The phrase "will be divided" can be stated in active form. AT: "Soon Yahweh will judge you, and he will allow your enemies to take all of your possessions and divide if for themselves while you watch" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -See (Hyperbole). AT: "I will cause many nations to attack Jerusalem" +# I will gather every nation against Jerusalem for battle -## not be cut off from the city ## +Here "every nation" is a generalization that means "many nations." AT: "I will cause many nations to attack Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -Not be destroyed in the city. \ No newline at end of file +# the city will be captured + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "your enemies will capture the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# The houses will be plundered and the women raped + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Enemies will plunder the houses and rape the women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the remainder of the people will not be cut off from the city + +Not removing people from the city is spoken of as if the people will not be "cut off." This can be stated in active form. AT: "your enemies will allow the remaining people to stay in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/03.md b/zec/14/03.md index 1c10580bfb..d6626ecd85 100644 --- a/zec/14/03.md +++ b/zec/14/03.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. +# General Information: -## as when he wages war on the day of battle ## +These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save it. In this prophecy, Yahweh is described as a warrior who will come and fight in battle. -AT: "just as he battled in the past" +# as when he wages war on the day of battle -## his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives ## +"just as he fought battles in the past" -"His feet" stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +# On that day + +"At that time" + +# his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives + +Here "feet" represents Yahweh. AT: "he will stand on the Mount of Olives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) + +# The Mount of Olives will be split ... by a very great valley + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "The presences of Yahweh will split the Mount of Olives ... causing there to be a very great valley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/05.md b/zec/14/05.md index e370e835a4..0e018fa8f4 100644 --- a/zec/14/05.md +++ b/zec/14/05.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -## Azal ## +# you will flee -This seems to have been a town or village east of Jerusalem. +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -## You will flee from them just ## +# between Yahweh's mountains -The word "them" refers to those who attacked Jerusalem. +This refers to the mountains created after the Mount of Olives split in half. -## the holy ones ## +# Azel + +This is the name of a town or village east of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# You will flee just as you fled + +Here "You will" refers to the people of Jerusalem. But, "you fled" refers to their ancestors since this describes an event that happened many years earlier. AT: "You will flee just as your ancestors fled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# in the days of Uzziah, king of Judah + +Here "in the days" is an idiom that refers to the time when Uzziah was king. AT: "when Uzziah was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the holy ones This probably refers to God's angels. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/06.md b/zec/14/06.md index c5b1a189d4..c16bbe1f0e 100644 --- a/zec/14/06.md +++ b/zec/14/06.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -## running water ## +# On that day -Some versions translate "living water" or "life-giving water." The Hebrew text says "living water," but this normally means running or flowing water, rather than still or stagnant water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"At that time" -## the eastern sea ## +# there will be no light + +It is implied that there will be no light from the sun. AT: "there will be no light from the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a day known only to Yahweh + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "only Yahweh knows when that day will begin" or "only Yahweh knows when that time will begin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# living waters + +This normally means running or flowing water, rather than still or stagnant water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# the eastern sea This refers to the Dead Sea, which is east of Jerusalem. -## the western sea ## +# the western sea This refers to the Mediterranean Sea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/09.md b/zec/14/09.md index 337dc321cd..28d081005f 100644 --- a/zec/14/09.md +++ b/zec/14/09.md @@ -1,33 +1,43 @@ +# General Information: + These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -## there will be Yahweh, the one God, and his name alone ## +# there will be Yahweh, the one God, and his name alone -AT: "there will only be one God, Yahweh, who will be worshiped." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) +Here "name" represents Yahweh's reputation or character. AT: "people will know that Yahweh is the only true God" or "people will only worship Yahweh, the one true God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Arabah...Geba...Rimmon ## +# All the land -These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +It is implied that this is the land of Judah. AT: "All the land of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## Jerusalem will continue to be elevated ## +# Arabah -This refers to the altitude of the city of Jerusalem, about 760 meters above sea level. +This is the name of a plain in the Jordan River Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## she ## +# Geba -Jerusalem and other cities were often spoken of as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +This is the name of a town on the northern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## will live in her own place ## +# Rimmon -AT: "will live where she has always lived" +This is the name of a town south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -## the Benjamin Gate...the first gate...the Corner Gate ## +# Jerusalem will continue to be raised up -These are names of various gates in the city wall of Jerusalem. +This contrasts Jerusalem, which will remain at a higher elevation, to the surrounding area, which is lower in elevation. The contrast can be indicated by adding the word "but." This can also be stated in active form. AT: "But, Jerusalem will remain high up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -## the Tower of Hananel ## +# the Benjamin Gate ... the first gate ... the Corner Gate -This refers to a strong point in the city defenses on the wall. It was probably built by a man named Hananel. +These are names of gates in the northeast part of city wall of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are 1) "the first gate" and "the Corner Gate" refer to the same gate or 2) "the first gate" and "the Corner gate" are separate gates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## the king's winepresses ## +# the Tower of Hananel -This probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. \ No newline at end of file +This refers to a strong point in the city defenses on the northern wall. It was probably built by a man named Hananel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +# the king's winepresses + +This probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. It was located in the southwest part of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# Jerusalem will live in safety + +Here "Jerusalem" represents the people. AT: "The people will live safely in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/12.md b/zec/14/12.md index 3c1dbaff78..d82b0be196 100644 --- a/zec/14/12.md +++ b/zec/14/12.md @@ -1,13 +1,15 @@ +# General Information: + These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -## all the peoples that waged war against Jerusalem ## +# even as they are standing on their feet -This refers to the nations spoken of in [Zechariah 14:1](./01.md). +"while they are still standing up." This emphasizes how quickly their flesh will rot away. They will not even have time to lie down. -## standing up on their feet ## +# that great fear from Yahweh will come among them -AT: "walking around" +The abstract noun "fear" can be stated as "terrified." AT: "Yahweh will cause the people to be very terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -## each hand will be raised against its neighbor's hand ## +# Each one will seize the hand of another, and the hand of one will be raised up against the hand of another -Each person will attack another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +These are idioms that refer to being hostile towards another person. AT: "Each person will grab someone, and they will fight each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/14.md b/zec/14/14.md index f5b9140604..89e170ca4b 100644 --- a/zec/14/14.md +++ b/zec/14/14.md @@ -1,13 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -## Judah will also fight against Jerusalem ## +# Judah will also fight against Jerusalem -Some versions read, "Judah will also fight for Jerusalem." The Hebrew text is uncertain. +Here "Judah" and "Jerusalem" represent the people that live there. AT: "Even the other people in Judah will fight against the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## They will gather the wealth ## +# Judah will also fight against Jerusalem -AT: "They will capture the possessions" +Some versions of the Bible read, "Judah will also fight at Jerusalem." -## in great abundance ## +# They will gather the wealth -In great quantities. \ No newline at end of file +"They will capture all the valuable possessions" + +# in great abundance + +"in great quantities" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/16.md b/zec/14/16.md index 3a971dcf13..27a8d654b8 100644 --- a/zec/14/16.md +++ b/zec/14/16.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ +# General Information: + These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -## that came against Jerusalem ## +# that came against Jerusalem -AT: "that attacked Jerusalem" +Here "came against" is an idiom. AT: "that attacked Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## will attack the nations ## +# will instead go up from year to year -AT: "will severely punish the nations" \ No newline at end of file +"will instead go to Jerusalem every year" + +# the Festival of Shelters + +"the Festival of Tabernacles" or "the Festival of Booths" or "the Festival of Tents" + +# A plague from Yahweh will attack the nations + +Causing people to suffer from a plague is spoken of as if the plague would attack the people like an army. AT: "Yahweh will cause a plague among the people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/19.md b/zec/14/19.md index 8c146a3a36..47f10972d7 100644 --- a/zec/14/19.md +++ b/zec/14/19.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. +# General Information: -## the Festival of Shelters ## - -(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/festival]]) \ No newline at end of file +These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/20.md b/zec/14/20.md index eb6997ea9a..ca30070fba 100644 --- a/zec/14/20.md +++ b/zec/14/20.md @@ -1,13 +1,27 @@ +# General Information: + These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. -## will be like the bowls before the altar ## +# the bells of the horses will say -AT: "will be as sacred as the bowls used at the altar" +"the inscription on the bells of the horses will say" -## every pot in Jerusalem and Judah will be holy to Yahweh of hosts ## +# the basins in Yahweh's house + +These basins were used for boiling meat in the courtyard of the temple. AT: "the cooking pots in the courtyard of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# will be like the bowls before the altar + +It is implied that the basins will be sacred like the bowls used for catching the blood of the sacrifices. AT: "will be as sacred as the bowls used at the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# every pot in Jerusalem and Judah will be set apart to Yahweh of hosts Various types of pots and utensils were made especially to be used in the temple for the worship of Yahweh and for the sacrifices. These were considered special, not to be used for anything else. -## Traders will no longer exist in the house of Yahweh ## +# traders will no longer be in the house of Yahweh -It was the custom for traders to sell the people things they needed in order to make proper sacrifices to Yahweh in the temple. Some versions translated "Canaanites" instead, because the Hebrew text may have a double meaning: "traders" and "Canaanites." \ No newline at end of file +It was the custom for traders to sell the people things they needed in order to make proper sacrifices to Yahweh in the temple. AT: "people will no longer buy or sell things in the courtyard of the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# traders + +Some versions of the Bible translate "traders" as "Canaanites." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/14/intro.md b/zec/14/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a515981880 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/14/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Zechariah 14 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +This chapter is written in prose about Jerusalem during the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Last days ##### + +Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase "that day" or "in that day." When referencing a future "day," the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days. + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zechariah 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../13/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/front/intro.md b/zec/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2ffac351c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/zec/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +# Introduction to Zechariah # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Zechariah #### + +1. The prophet's call and the appeal for the returning nation of Israel to repent and return to Yahweh (1:1–6) +1. The eight night visions + - First vision: Yahweh sends his messengers throughout the whole earth (1:7–17) + - Second vision: four horns and four craftsmen (1:18–21) + - Third vision: the measuring line (2:1–13) + - Fourth vision: the priest in filthy clothes (3:1–10) + - Fifth vision: the golden lampstand and olive trees (4:1–14) + - Sixth vision: the flying scroll (5:1–4) + - Seventh vision: the basket filled with iniquity (5:5–11) + - Eighth vision: four chariots (6:1–8) +1. Crown for the high priest (6:9–15) +1. Questions about fasting (7:1–8:23) +1. The oracle about Hadrach (of Damascus) and Hamath (of Tyre and Sidon) (9:1–11:17) +1. The oracle about Israel + - The final defeat of Israel's enemies (12:1-9) + - Israel's mourning for having killed God's servant (12:10-14) + - Israel's purification from sin and the end of false prophets (13:1-6) + - Final removal of idols from returning Israel (14:1–2) + - Future vision of Messiaic Kingdom (14:3–21) + +#### What is the Book of Zechariah about? #### + +Zechariah wrote to the people of Judah who returned from exile in Babylon. The people of Judah were committing the same sins that caused the exile. Zechariah calls on the people to return to the Lord and renew the covenant with Yahweh. Also, many people were disappointed that the new temple was much smaller than the original temple. He encourages the people and shares the vision about the temple in the future. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +It is suggested that translators use a self-explanatory title or follow the regional or the national language versions of the Bible. "Zechariah" may also be called the "The Book About Zechariah" or "The Sayings of Zechariah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Zechariah? #### + +The prophet Zechariah wrote this book between 520 BC to 480 BC following the ministry of Haggai. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### Did Zechariah prophesy before Ezra and Nehemiah? #### + +The historical context of this book is likely prior to the lives of Ezra and Nehemiah. The prophecies of Zechariah occur prior to the events of the books of Ezra and Nehemiah and just two months after the prophecies of Haggai. + +## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## + +#### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"? #### + +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. The descendants of Jacob, who was also named Israel, were a people group who became known as Israel. This people group developed into the unified nation of Israel. After the civil war in the nation of Israel, the tribes in the north took the name Israel, while the southern kingdom became known as the kingdom of Judah. Zechariah uses the term "Israel" to refer to both the nation of Israel and the northern kingdom of Israel. + +#### What imagery does Zechariah use in reference to the Messiah? #### + +Zechariah presents the Messiah as both a king and a shepherd. The Messiah will come as a deliverer, yet be "pierced" and "lamented." The Messiah will have great power but will still suffer. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) + +#### What does the phrase "that day" mean? #### + +Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase "that day" or "in that day." When referencing a future "day," the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/01.md b/zep/01/01.md index 4c7742a6ec..7410da7a06 100644 --- a/zep/01/01.md +++ b/zep/01/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,39 @@ -## I will utterly destroy everything from off the face of the earth ## +# General Information: -These are deliberate exaggerations by Yahweh to emphasize his anger at the people's sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) \ No newline at end of file +Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:2-3 describe Yahweh's final judgment of every sinner in the future. + +# the word of Yahweh that came + +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. AT: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yahweh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh + +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. + +# son of Gedaliah son of Amariah son of Hezekiah + +This is a list of Zephaniah's ancestors. These usages of "son of" are the broader sense of "descendant of." Here "Hezekiah" refers to King Hezekiah. These things can be made explicit. AT: "the grandson of Gedaliah, and the great-grandson of Amariah, whose father was King Hezekiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I will utterly destroy everything from off the surface of the earth ... I will cut off man from the surface of the earth + +The words "everything" and "will cut off man" are deliberate exaggerations by Yahweh to express his anger at the people's sin. Yahweh will destroy neither sinners who repent nor all living things nor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) + +# destroy everything from off the surface of the earth + +"destroy everything that is on the entire earth" + +# this is Yahweh's declaration + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# man and beast + +"people and animals" + +# the ruins + +Possible meanings are 1) the piles of rubble that will remain after the judgment or 2) the idols that Yahweh destroyed. + +# cut off + +Destroying is spoken of as if it were cutting something off from what it was a part of. AT: "destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/04.md b/zep/01/04.md index f202d36511..c115b5dc81 100644 --- a/zep/01/04.md +++ b/zep/01/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## Milcom ## +# General Information: -"Milcom" is perhaps another name for the idol "Molech" )See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. + +# I will reach out with my hand over Judah + +This is an idiom that means God will punish. AT: "I will punish Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# I will cut off every remnant ... the names of the idolatrous people among the priests ... the people who on the housetops ... the people who worship and swear + +The verb "cut off" applies to each of these phrases, but has been used only once to avoid repetition. AT: "I will cut off every remnant ... I will cut off the names of the idolatrous people among the priests ... I will cut off the people who on the housetops ... I will cut off the people who worship and swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) + +# cut off + +Destroying is spoken of as if it were cutting something off from what it was a part of. See how you translated this in [Zephaniah 1:3](./01.md). AT: "destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# cut off ... the names of the idolatrous people among the priests + +Here "cut off ... the names" is an idiom that means to cause people to forget them. AT: "cause everyone ... to forget the priests who are idolatrous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# by their king + +See the footnote about the possible rendering of this as "by Milcom." + +# neither seek Yahweh nor ask for his guidance + +Seeking Yahweh represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. AT: "do not think about Yahweh or ask him to guide them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/07.md b/zep/01/07.md index f2ede1418f..a4e1edface 100644 --- a/zep/01/07.md +++ b/zep/01/07.md @@ -1,15 +1,39 @@ -## for Yahweh has prepared the sacrifice and consecrated his guests. ## +# General Information: -this language is showing God's ultimate plan and how he uses the enemies of His people to accomplish His purposes. (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). +Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. -## and everyone dressed in foreign clothes ## +# General Information: -this phrase shows how the Israelites wore clothes similar to the foreigners to show sympathy to their customs and worship of their gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). +In verses 1:8-13, Yahweh is speaking. He alternates between using first person and speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## and on that day ## +# Be silent -AT: "and on the day of Yahweh". +This is an idiom. Here silence is meant to signal shock and amazement. AT: "Be shocked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -## all those who leap over the doorsill ## +# Yahweh has prepared the sacrifice and set apart his guests -this is a reference to people who worshiped a particular deity called Dagan. AT: "all those who worshiped Dagan". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]). \ No newline at end of file +The people of Judah are spoken of as Yahweh's sacrifice, and the enemy nations are spoken of as his guests who would eat the sacrifice. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "Yahweh has prepared the people of Judah as a sacrifice, and invited the enemy nations as his guests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# set apart his guests + +Here "set apart" is an idiom that means he has invited them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# It will come about + +This phrase is used to mark the point at which Yahweh's judgment of Judah will begin. + +# everyone dressed in foreign clothes + +This phrase suggests that the Israelites wore clothes similar to the foreigners to show sympathy to their customs and to the worship of their foreign gods. AT: "everyone who worships foreign gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# On that day + +"On the day of Yahweh" + +# all those who leap over the threshold + +Possible meanings are 1) this is a reference to people who did not step on thresholds as part of their worship of a god called Dagan or 2) people who leapt up onto platforms to worship pagan idols or 3) royal officials who climbed the steps to the throne. + +# fill their master's house with violence and deceit + +The abstract nouns "violence" and "deceit" can be stated as actions. AT: "those who do violent things and tell lies in the temples of their gods" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/10.md b/zep/01/10.md index 6acbd26619..ec391fec47 100644 --- a/zep/01/10.md +++ b/zep/01/10.md @@ -1,23 +1,43 @@ -## Yahweh's Declaration ## +# General Information: -AT: "what Yahweh has declared” or "what Yahweh has solemnly said” +Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. -## Fish Gate ## +# General Information: -The Fish Gate is one of the gates in the surrounding walls that allowed people to enter and leave Jerusalem. +In verses 1:8-13, Yahweh is speaking. He alternates between using first person and speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## wailing from the Second Quarter ## +# on that day -AT: "Mourn loudly from the Second Quarter." The Second Quarter was a newer part of Jerusalem. +"on the day of Yahweh." See how you translated this phrase in [Zephaniah 1:9](./07.md). -## from the hills ## +# Yahweh's declaration -AT: "from the hills around Jerusalem." +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "what Yahweh has declared" or "what Yahweh has solemnly said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## Wail, inhabitants of the Market District ## +# Fish Gate -"Mourn loudly, all who live where goods are sold." +The Fish Gate was one of the gates in the Jerusalem city wall. -## for all the merchants will be ruined; all those who are weighted down with silver will be cut off. ## +# wailing from the Second District -AT: "for those who sell goods and are rich will be killed." \ No newline at end of file +"Mourn loudly from the Second District." The Second District was a newer part of Jerusalem. + +# a great crashing sound + +This refers to the sound of buildings collapsing. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "a loud sound of buildings collapsing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# from the hills + +This refers to the hills surrounding Jerusalem. + +# for all the merchants will be ruined; all those who weigh out silver will be cut off + +These two phrases refer to the same people and are used to emphasize that business will be destroyed. AT: "for those who buy and sell goods will be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# those who weigh out silver + +This refers to merchants. Before coins were used, people weighed out silver or gold as payment for things they bought. + +# cut off + +Destroying is spoken of as if it were cutting something off from what it was a part of. See how you translated this in [Zephaniah 1:3](./01.md). AT: "destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/12.md b/zep/01/12.md index d8d748d8de..79e3dbfa5d 100644 --- a/zep/01/12.md +++ b/zep/01/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,35 @@ -## I will search Jerusalem with lamps ## +# General Information: -No one will be able to hide from God. +Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. -## settled into their wine ## +# General Information: -They feel safe from trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +In verses 1:8-13, Yahweh is speaking. He alternates between using first person and speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## and say in their heart ## +# It will come about at that time -They speak with certainty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +This phrase is used to mark the time when Jerusalem has been destroyed by the enemies. + +# I will search Jerusalem with lamps + +Yahweh speaks of knowing about all people of Jerusalem as if he had searched for them with lamps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# settled into their wine + +They feel safe from trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# say in their heart, 'Yahweh will not do anything, either good or evil.' + +This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "say in their heart that Yahweh will not do anything, either good or evil. + +# say in their heart + +This idiom means they think to themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Yahweh will not do anything, either good or evil + +Here "good and evil" is a merism that includes everything in between. AT: "Yahweh will not do anything at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) + +# an abandoned devastation + +"destroyed and abandoned" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/14.md b/zep/01/14.md index 2cec8096f3..19fe06157e 100644 --- a/zep/01/14.md +++ b/zep/01/14.md @@ -1,31 +1,47 @@ -## near and hurrying quickly ## +# General Information: -AT: "coming quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. -## That day will be a day of fury….battlements ## +# near, near and hurrying quickly -These statement is to emphasize that how terrible God's judgment will be. The multiple figures of speech are accumulative and show the destructive nature of this final judgment by God. It creates emphasis. +The repetition of the word "near," along with the phrase "hurrying quickly," emphasize that the day when Yahweh judges the people will soon happen. AT: "close and will be here soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## a day of distress and anguish ## +# the day of Yahweh -The words “distress” and "anguish“ mean about the same thing. AT: “a day when people feel terrible distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +See how you translated this phrase in [Zephaniah 1:7](./07.md). -## a day of storm and devastation ## +# a warrior crying bitterly -“a day when the city is devastated by violent storms” +Possible meanings are 1) a soldier crying in despair or 2) a soldier's battle cry. -## darkness and gloom ## +# That day ... a day -AT: "gloomy darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]). +These phrases refer back to the "day of Yahweh" in verse 14. -## clouds and billowing darkness ## +# That day will be a day of fury ... battlements -AT: "filled with dark clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]). +Verses 15-16 have multiple figures of speech that together emphasize the destructive nature of this final judgment by God. -## trumpets and alarms ## +# a day of distress and anguish -AT: "sounds of alarm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +The words "distress" and "anguish" mean about the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the people's distress. AT: "a day when people feel terrible distress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -## fortified cities and the high battlements ## +# a day of storm and devastation -AT: "well fortified cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the word "storm" refers to divine judgment. The word "devastation" describes the effects of that judgment. AT: "a day of devastating storms" or "a day of devastating judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a day of darkness and gloom + +The words "darkness" and "gloom" share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of darkness. Both words refer to a time of disaster or divine judgment. AT: "a day that is full of darkness" or "a day of terrible judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a day of clouds and thick darkness + +This phrase means the same thing as, and intensifies, the idea of the previous phrase. Like that phrase, both "clouds" and "thick darkness" refer to divine judgment. AT: "a day full of dark storm clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# a day of trumpets and alarms + +The words "trumpets" and "alarms" mean basically the same thing here. Both are means to call soldiers to prepare for battle. AT: "a day when people sound the alarm for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# fortified cities and the high battlements + +These two phrases both refer to military strongholds. AT: "well fortified cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/17.md b/zep/01/17.md index 2aa3fb248c..9a83796b41 100644 --- a/zep/01/17.md +++ b/zep/01/17.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## walk about like blind men, ## +# General Information: -These three phrases indicate comparisons to show what they have in common. AT: (UDB). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:17-18 describe Yahweh's final judgment of every sinner in the future. -## The fire of Yahweh's wrath ## +# they will walk about like blind men -This refers to the power of Yahweh's anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +The result of Yahweh's judgment is that people will be so confused and dazed when they walk about that people will think they are blind. AT: "they will walk around as confused and dazed as blind men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -## annihilation ## +# Their blood will be poured out like dust -This means total destruction. AT: "and he will completely get rid ... of" (UDB). \ No newline at end of file +Their blood that is shed will be as worthless as dust. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Their enemies will pour out their blood and consider it to be worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# their inner parts like dung + +The verb "poured out" is understood here. This can be stated in active form. AT: "their enemies will cut open their bodies and leave them to rot like dung" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the fire of his jealousy + +Here "fire" refers to the intensity of Yahweh's anger. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "his jealousy is as intense as a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# all the inhabitants of the earth + +It is understood that this refers to the wicked people. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "all the wicked people who live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/intro.md b/zep/01/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..abbb675211 --- /dev/null +++ b/zep/01/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Zephaniah 01 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 1:2-16, which an extended quotation. The lines 1:7, 17-18 are indented again to further set them apart from the rest of the quote. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +In this chapter, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the fall of Jerusalem, the coming of the Messiah or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zephaniah 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +* __[Zephaniah intro](../front/intro.md)__ +__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/01.md b/zep/02/01.md index e8abc65f1f..8d53548f76 100644 --- a/zep/02/01.md +++ b/zep/02/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,43 @@ -## Rally yourselves together and gather ## +# General Information: -AT:"meet together". (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]). +In 2:1-3, Yahweh continues to speak to Judah, and tells them to repent. -## unashamed nation ## +# Rally yourselves together and gather + +These two phrases mean the same thing. Together they intensify the command for the people to gather together in order to repent of their sins. AT: "Gather yourselves together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# unashamed nation The nation is not sorry for their sins. -## before the day passes like the chaff ## +# before the decree takes effect -The chaff is the insignificant part of the plant being thrown away and so this day will pass quickly. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]). +This phrase refers to the punishment that will happen as a result of Yahweh's decree. AT: "before Yahweh punishes you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## before the fierce anger of Yahweh's wrath comes upon you! Before the day of Yahweh's wrath comes upon you ## +# that day ... the day of the wrath of Yahweh ... the day of Yahweh's wrath -Notice that the same phrase is repeated almost exactly the same. This shows intensity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]). +These phrases all refer to the "day of Yahweh." Translate these phrases as you did similar phrases in [Zephaniah 1:7-9](../01/07.md). -## Yahweh's wrath ## +# that day passes like the chaff -This stands for God's intent to punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +The chaff is the insignificant part of the plant that the wind blows away. In a similar way, the day of judgment will pass quickly. AT: "that day passes as quickly as chaff blown by the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# before the fierce anger of Yahweh's wrath comes upon you, before the day of the wrath of Yahweh comes upon you + +The prophet repeats the same phrase almost exactly in order to emphasize how terrible Yahweh's judgment will be and the urgency with which the people must repent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# Yahweh's wrath + +This stands for God's intent to punish. AT: "Yahweh's punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Seek Yahweh + +Seeking Yahweh represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Seek righteousness. Seek humility + +The abstract nouns "righteousness" and "humility" can be stated as actions. AT: "Try to do what is right and to be humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# you will be protected in the day of Yahweh's wrath + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will protect you in the day of his wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/04.md b/zep/02/04.md index 6c23a21d48..4439af9674 100644 --- a/zep/02/04.md +++ b/zep/02/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,31 @@ -## They will drive out Ashdod at noon, and they will uproot Ekron! ## +# General Information: -The people will be quickly and completely removed from these cities. +In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. -## until no inhabitant remains ## +# Gaza ... Ashkelon ... Ashdod ... Ekron -AT: "until no one is there" \ No newline at end of file +These were the four major Philistine cities of that day. + +# will be abandoned ... will turn into a devastation + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the complete destruction of these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# They will drive out Ashdod at noon + +Here "They" refers to the enemies of the Philistines. Possible meanings for "at noon" are 1) the enemies will defeat Ashdod before noon or 2) the enemies will attack Ashdod at noon while the people are resting and unaware. + +# they will uproot Ekron + +The defeat of Ekron is spoken of as if it was a tree that was pulled from the ground and thrown away. AT: "they will take the people of Ekron away as if uprooting a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# the inhabitants of the seacoast, the nation of the Kerethites + +The first phrase explains where the Kerethites lived. + +# Canaan, land of the Philistines + +The Philistines were one of several people groups who lived in Canaan. + +# until no inhabitant remains + +"until no one is left." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "until every inhabitant is dead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/06.md b/zep/02/06.md index 4dd3eb3c35..c1c56439bc 100644 --- a/zep/02/06.md +++ b/zep/02/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,19 @@ -## sheep pen ## +# General Information: -is land surrounded by a fence where the sheep live. +In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. -## lie down ## +# So the seacoast will become pastures for shepherds and for sheep pens -means to sleep in a bed. \ No newline at end of file +This probably means that the Philistine cities are gone, and only open fields remain. However, the Hebrew meaning is unclear and is sometimes translated differently by modern versions. + +# sheep pens + +A sheep pen is a small area surrounded by a fence to keep the sheep together. + +# Their people + +"The people of Judah" + +# lie down + +"lie down to sleep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/08.md b/zep/02/08.md index aa07a8a1a4..a4033dbc4b 100644 --- a/zep/02/08.md +++ b/zep/02/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,31 @@ -## declaration of Yahweh of hosts ## +# General Information: -"what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or "what Yahweh of hosts has solemnly said” \ No newline at end of file +In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. + +# the taunts ... the reviling + +"the taunts ... the insults." These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that both Moab and Ammon have insulted Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# violated their borders + +This refers to crossing over into Judah's territory in order to attack them. + +# as I live + +"as surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel + +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel, has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + +# like Sodom ... like Gomorrah + +These two cities were so wicked that God completely destroyed them with fire from heaven. These similes therefore refer to complete destruction. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "completely destroyed like Sodom ... like Gomorrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# a place of nettles and a salt pit + +"a place with thorns and a salt pit." This describes a barren, useless land. + +# the remnant of my people ... the remainder of my nation + +These two phrases mean the same thing and refer to the Israelites that survived Yahweh's punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/10.md b/zep/02/10.md index fd6ad8b0ef..6591d4b6f0 100644 --- a/zep/02/10.md +++ b/zep/02/10.md @@ -1 +1,7 @@ -There are no translation notes. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. + +# they taunted and mocked the people of Yahweh of hosts ... he will taunt all the gods of the earth + +Yahweh is speaking with irony. He will taunt the worthless gods in the same way that the people who served those gods had taunted Yahweh's people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/12.md b/zep/02/12.md index 61b0acf510..0d47e6cf0d 100644 --- a/zep/02/12.md +++ b/zep/02/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,39 @@ -## in the tops of her pillars ## +# General Information: -When buildings were destroyed and fell down, the columns (or pillars) used for decoration and support would often remain standing. +In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. -## beam ## +# You Cushites also will be pierced by my sword + +Here "pieced by my sword" is a metonym for being killed in battle. AT: "I will kill you people of Cush in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# God's hand + +Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "God's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# an abandoned devastation + +The abstract noun "devastation" can be stated as an action. AT: "ruined and deserted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# as dry as the desert + +This means it will be so dry that nothing will grow there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# every animal of the nations + +"every kind of animal" + +# the screech owl + +This term is uncertain. Some versions translate it as "hedgehog." + +# in the top of her columns + +When buildings were destroyed and fell down, the columns used for decoration and support would often remain standing. + +# A call will sing out from the windows + +"A call will be heard from the windows" + +# beams Beams are long and thick pieces of wood that are used to keep a building stable. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/15.md b/zep/02/15.md index 832b1c875e..611f1eb61c 100644 --- a/zep/02/15.md +++ b/zep/02/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,23 @@ -## hiss and shake his fist ## +# General Information: -A hiss is an angry sound. This phrase indicates extreme anger of the people toward Nineveh. \ No newline at end of file +In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. + +# the exultant city + +"the city that is proud of itself." This refers to the city of Nineveh, about whom Yahweh began to speak in [Zephaniah 2:13](./12.md). + +# said in her heart + +This idiom means "said to herself" or "she thought." The city is spoken of as if it were a person that could speak. It represents the people who live in that city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# I am, and nothing is my equal + +It may be necessary to supply an object for "I am." AT: "I am the greatest city, and no other city is equal to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a horror + +"a horrible place to see" + +# hiss and shake his fist + +A hiss is an angry sound. This phrase indicates extreme anger of the people toward Nineveh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/intro.md b/zep/02/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7c5f8821ec --- /dev/null +++ b/zep/02/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Zephaniah 02 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 2:1-4, 8-9, 12-15, which are extended quotations. The lines 2:5-7 are indented again to further set them apart from the rest of the quote. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +In this chapter, because the prophesied destruction is so complete, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the time near the fall of Jerusalem or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zephaniah 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/01.md b/zep/03/01.md index c0e7e8d449..a0a76a4ab1 100644 --- a/zep/03/01.md +++ b/zep/03/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ -## She has not listened to the voice of God ## +# General Information: -The people of Jerusalem have not obeyed what God has had His prophets teach to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +In verses 3:1-5, Zephaniah speaks Yahweh's message of judgment to the sinful people of Jerusalem. The city represents the people who live within it. To make this clear, it may be helpful to replace the singular "she" and "her" with the plural "they" and "their." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## and will not draw near to her God ## +# the rebellious city -The people do not desire to worship and obey God. \ No newline at end of file +The nature of their rebellion can be stated. AT: "the people of the city who have rebelled against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# The violent city is defiled + +"The people of the city have committed violence and so I consider them unclean" + +# She has not listened to the voice of God + +The voice is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and listening is a metonym for obeying. AT: "She has not obeyed what God has said to her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/03.md b/zep/03/03.md index e820f08521..7a92c881eb 100644 --- a/zep/03/03.md +++ b/zep/03/03.md @@ -1,11 +1,23 @@ -## Her princes are roaring lions in her midst ## +# General Information: -AT: "Jerusalem's leaders are violent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +In verses 3:1-5, Zephaniah speaks Yahweh's message of judgment to the sinful people of Jerusalem. The city represents the people who live within it. To make this clear, it may be helpful to replace the singular "she" and "her" with the plural "they" and "their." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -## Her judges are evening wolves who leave nothing to be gnawed upon in the morning ## +# Her princes are roaring lions in her midst -AT: "Her judges are evil people who take things that belong to others." This is also a metaphor. +Lions roar to chase other animals away from the prey they have caught. The princes of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were roaring lions who were keeping the prey for themselves. AT: "Jerusalem's royalty are as greedy as roaring lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Her prophets are insolent and treasonous men ## +# Her judges are evening wolves who leave nothing to be gnawed upon in the morning -AT: "Her prophets are disobedient and disloyal men." \ No newline at end of file +Wolves are especially hungry before they hunt at night. The judges are spoken of as if they were hungry wolves. AT: "Her judges are as greedy as hungry wolves that leave nothing for anyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Her prophets are insolent and treasonous men + +"Her prophets do not listen to anyone and cannot be trusted" + +# have profaned what is holy + +"have treated holy things with disrespect" + +# have done violence to the law + +"have broken the law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/05.md b/zep/03/05.md index df48c9ee17..819cd5f4dc 100644 --- a/zep/03/05.md +++ b/zep/03/05.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## It will not be hidden in the light ## +# General Information: -AT: "his justice is clearly shown to all" \ No newline at end of file +In verses 3:1-5, Zephaniah speaks Yahweh's message of judgment to the sinful people of Jerusalem. + +# Yahweh is righteous ... He can do no wrong + +These two phrases mean the same thing, and emphasize Yahweh's righteousness even among the wicked people in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# in her midst + +"among them" + +# Morning by morning + +This idiom means "Every day" or "Day after day." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# he will dispense his justice + +Yahweh's just treatment of every person is spoken of as if he was handing out a commodity. AT: "he will treat people justly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# It will not be hidden in the light + +This uses a negative statement to emphasize the positive truth that Yahweh's justice is always visible. AT: "His justice is clearly shown to all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) + +# know no shame + +"are not ashamed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/06.md b/zep/03/06.md index b80bd69f7e..976e6de532 100644 --- a/zep/03/06.md +++ b/zep/03/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,27 @@ -## I have made their streets ruins, so that no one passes over them. Their cities are destroyed so that there is no man inhabiting them ## +# General Information: -The same thought is expressed in two different sentences to reinforce the thought. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] \ No newline at end of file +In verses 3:6-7, Yahweh rebukes the people of Jerusalem because they did not learn from how he judged other sinful cities. It may be helpful to add "Yahweh says this:" to the beginning of verse 6 to make this explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# I have made their streets ruins, so that no one passes over them. Their cities are destroyed so that there is no man inhabiting them + +These two sentences express the same idea in two different ways in order to emphasize the complete destruction of the cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# no one passes over them + +"no one walks on them" + +# there is no man inhabiting them + +"no one lives there." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "all the people are dead" + +# I said, 'Surely you will fear me ... I have planned to do to you.' + +This can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "I thought they would surely fear me and accept correction so that they would not be cut off from their homes by all that I have planned to do to them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) + +# and do not be cut off from your homes + +Here "cut off" is an idiom that means to be removed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that I will not remove you from your homes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# by corrupting all their deeds + +"by doing deeds that were corrupt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/08.md b/zep/03/08.md index ed560f51fc..efbcd01416 100644 --- a/zep/03/08.md +++ b/zep/03/08.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## Yahweh's declaration ## +# General Information: -This means what Yahweh has solemnly said. +In verse 3:8, Yahweh warns that he will judge all nations. -## to plunder ## +# wait for me ... until the day -This means to take the property of others often by conquering them in war. +This phrase implies that they are waiting for judgment. -## to gather the nations, to assemble the kingdoms ## +# this is Yahweh's declaration -7). +Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. AT: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -## fire of my anger ## +# I rise up to seize the prey -God's anger is very powerful, like a fire is very powerful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh's judgment on the nations is spoken of as if he was an hungry animal that attacked a smaller animal. AT: "I will rise up and destroy them as an animal seizes its prey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# to assemble the nations, to gather the kingdoms + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will judge all of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# my anger—all of my burning wrath + +The words "anger" and "burning wrath" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of Yahweh's anger. AT: "my very fierce wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# in the fire of my jealousy all the earth will be consumed + +This phrase can be stated in active form. AT: "the fire of my jealousy will devour all the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# in the fire of my jealousy ... consumed + +Yahweh's jealousy is here spoken of as if it were fire that could consume something. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "my jealousy will consume all the earth as a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/09.md b/zep/03/09.md index 3b211a9fbd..dd2b67a884 100644 --- a/zep/03/09.md +++ b/zep/03/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## I will give pure lips to the people ## +# General Information: -This is another way of saying that God will cause his people to speak what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +In verses 3:9-10, Yahweh says that he will renew the Gentiles after the judgment. -## serve me standing shoulder to shoulder ## +# General Information: -The people will be united in their desire to serve God, as people are united physically when they stand together with their shoulders touching each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +In verses 3:11-13, Yahweh encourages the remnant of Israel who survive the judgment. + +# I will purify the lips of the peoples + +Here "lips" refers to the ability to speak. AT: "I will cause the peoples to speak what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# call upon the name of Yahweh + +This is an idiom that means they worship Yahweh. AT: "worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# serve him shoulder to shoulder + +Here "shoulder to shoulder" is an idiom that means "side by side." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# beyond the river of Cush + +This may refer to the area where Sudan is located today. + +# In that day ... at that time + +"When that happens ... at that time." These phrases here refer to the time of peace and restoration that immediately follows the day of Yahweh. + +# will not be put to shame for all your deeds + +This can be stated in active form. AT: "will no longer be ashamed of all your deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# those who celebrated your pride + +"all the people who are very proud" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/12.md b/zep/03/12.md index d4b15f0b41..6a65c77b98 100644 --- a/zep/03/12.md +++ b/zep/03/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,23 @@ -## The remnant of Israel will no longer commit injustice or speak lies, and no deceitful tongue will be found in their mouth ## +# General Information: -The statement that people will no longer speak lies or have a deceitful tongue is a doublet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] +In verses 3:11-13, Yahweh encourages the remnant of Israel who survive the judgment. -## graze and lie down ## +# I will leave among you a lowly and poor people ... The remnant of Israel -AT: "They will move their animals freely and sleep peacefully with no one attacking them or their animals." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) \ No newline at end of file +The first phrase describes the "remnant" in the second phrase. + +# they will find refuge in the name of Yahweh + +Yahweh's protection of this remnant is spoke of as if he was a refuge or a fortress. Here "name of Yahweh" refers to his person. AT: "they will come to Yahweh and he will help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# commit injustice + +"do unjust things" + +# no deceitful tongue will be found in their mouth + +Here "tongue ... in their mouth" represents the things that the tongue enables the mouth to speak. They can be stated in active form. AT: "none of them will speak deceitful things" or "they will not say deceitful things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# they will graze and lie down + +Yahweh speaks of his provision for the people of Israel as if they are a flock of sheep that grazes and rests in safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/14.md b/zep/03/14.md index 09d82940a5..6424054a8b 100644 --- a/zep/03/14.md +++ b/zep/03/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,35 @@ -## daughter of Zion ## +# General Information: -"This means all the people in Jerusalem. +In verses 3:14-20, Zephaniah tells the remnant of Israel who survived the judgment that they should rejoice. -## Do not let your hands falter ## +# daughter of Zion ... daughter of Jerusalem -This means do not feel weak or helpless as you would if your hands became physically weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here "daughter" refers to all the people who lived in the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# Be glad and rejoice + +These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how happy they should be. AT: "Be very happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) + +# with all your heart + +Here "heart" refers to the inner being of a person. AT: "with all your inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Yahweh has taken away your punishment + +Here to "take away" punishment is an idiom that means to stop doing it. AT: "Yahweh has stopped punishing you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + +# You will never again fear evil + +The abstract noun "evil" can be stated as an action. AT: "You will no longer be afraid that people will harm you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# In that day + +"At that time" or "When this happens." This phrase here refers to the time of peace and restoration that immediately follows the day of Yahweh. + +# say to Jerusalem ... Zion + +The names of these cities here refer to the people who live in them. AT: "say to the people of Jerusalem ... people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# Do not let your hands falter + +To feel weak or helpless is spoken of as if their hands became physically weak. Here "hands" represents the whole person. AT: "Do not become weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/17.md b/zep/03/17.md index b9f64ec7f3..cea05cc0e1 100644 --- a/zep/03/17.md +++ b/zep/03/17.md @@ -1 +1,19 @@ -There are no translation notes needed for this passage. \ No newline at end of file +# General Information: + +In verses 3:14-20, Zephaniah tells the remnant of Israel who survived the judgment that they should rejoice. + +# a mighty one to save you + +"he is mighty and will save you." Yahweh is spoken of as a mighty warrior. AT: "he is a mighty warrior and will give you victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# He will celebrate over you with joy ... he will be glad over you with a shout for joy + +These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize Yahweh's joy that the remnant is restored to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) + +# he will be silent over you in his love + +Possible meanings are 1) "he will quiet you by his love for you" or 2) "he will renew you because he loves you." + +# no longer bear any shame for it + +Here shame is spoken of as if it was a heavy thing that a person had to carry. AT: "no longer be ashamed because of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/19.md b/zep/03/19.md index 4ae94615ef..f8cbb2222e 100644 --- a/zep/03/19.md +++ b/zep/03/19.md @@ -1,15 +1,31 @@ -## the lame ## +# General Information: -This refers to people who cannot walk. +In verses 3:19-20, Yahweh speaks directly to the remnant of Israel who survived the judgment and tells them that they should rejoice. -## At that time I will bring you together, and at that time I will assemble you together ## +# Behold -The idea is repeated to emphasize that it will certainly happen. This is a doublet. +This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. AT: "Look" or "Pay attention" -## when I restore your fortunes ## +# I am about to deal with all your oppressors -AT: "When I cause you to be strong and successful again" +It is understood that "deal with" means to punish the oppressors. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "I will severely punish all those who oppressed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -## before your eyes ## +# I will rescue the lame and gather up the outcast -"you will see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +Here the Israelites who suffered in exile are spoken of as if they were lame and outcast sheep. This can be stated as a simile. AT: "I will rescue and bring together the remnant of Israel who are like lame and outcast sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# the lame + +This refers to people or animals that cannot walk. + +# I will make them as praise + +The full thought here is, "I will make them to be objects of praise," that is, "I will make them to be praised by others." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) + +# I will change their shame into renown + +The abstract nouns "shame" and "renown" can be stated as actions. AT: "I will cause them to no longer be ashamed, but for people to respect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# At that time I will lead you; at that time I will gather you together + +These two lines mean basically the same thing and imply that Yahweh will bring the exiled people back to their homeland. AT: "At that time I will gather you together and lead you home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/intro.md b/zep/03/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..082794ed8c --- /dev/null +++ b/zep/03/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Zephaniah 03 General Notes # + +#### Structure and formatting #### + +Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 3:1-4, 6-20, which are extended quotations. The lines of 3:5 are indented again to further set them apart from the rest of the quote. + +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### + +##### Prophecy ##### +In this chapter, because the prophesied destruction is so complete, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the time near the fall of Jerusalem or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) + +## Links: ## + +* __[Zephaniah 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ +__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/front/intro.md b/zep/front/intro.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4c50654fe9 --- /dev/null +++ b/zep/front/intro.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +# Introduction to Zephaniah # + +## Part 1: General Introduction ## + +#### Outline of the Book of Zephaniah #### + +1. Yahweh will judge Judah on "the Day of Yahweh" + - Judgment on Baal worshipers (1:2–6) + - Yahweh will cause the destruction of Judah (1:7–13) + - Judgment is coming soon (1:14–18) + - Invitation to "seek Yahweh" and escape the Day of Yahweh (2:1–3) +1. Yahweh's judgment on the nations + - Philistia (2:4–7) + - Moab and Ammon (2:8–11) + - Egypt (2:12) + - Assyria (2:13–15) +1. Judgment on Jerusalem, the city of oppressors (3:1–8) +1. The promise that Yahweh will purify, restore, gather, and bless his people (3:9–20) + +=== What is the Book of Zephaniah about?=== + +This book is about Yahweh's coming punishment on the southern kingdom, the kingdom of Judah. It is also about the future restoration of Judah in the day of the Lord (the day of Yahweh). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) + +#### How should the title of this book be translated? #### + +Translators may decide to translate this traditional title "The Book of Zephaniah" in a way that is more clear to the readers. They may decide to call it, "The sayings of Zephaniah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + +#### Who wrote the Book of Zephaniah? #### + +Zephaniah is the author of this book, but there are four different individuals in the Old Testament named Zephaniah. This Zephaniah was probably the great-grandson of King Hezekiah and a cousin to King Josiah (who lived at the same time as Zephaniah). Zephaniah lived in the city of Jerusalem and began his ministry about seventy years after the prophets Isaiah and Micah. Zephaniah did his work of bringing Yahweh's messages during the reign of King Josiah (about 640–621 BC), and just before the prophet Jeremiah began his own work. + +## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## + +#### What was the religious environment of Judah during Zephaniah's ministry? #### + +Manasseh, the grandfather of Josiah, had been one of the worst kings of Judah; he encouraged the people to worship other gods. After his death, his son Amon ruled for only two years before he was assassinated. Amon's son Josiah became king when he was eight years old and learned to worship and honor Yahweh. It is likely that Zephaniah began his work after Josiah had destroyed most of the idols and shrines of Baal and the other false gods that the people had been worshiping. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) + +#### What country is coming to invade Judah? #### + +Zephaniah frequently mentions a foreign nation who will come to invade the kingdom of Judah. The name of this nation is never mentioned. Babylon is probably the nation referenced in Zephaniah. \ No newline at end of file